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what did steve mcqueen die
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[
{
"docid": "D815371#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/How-and-where-did-Steve-McQueen-die\nHow and where did Steve McQueen die?",
"text": "Ratnakar Sadasyula, Love watching great performances Answered Sep 27, 2013 · Author has 2k answers and 8.6m answer views The man who made a name for himself, playing brash, hot headed rebels on screen, was diagnosed with Mesothelioma, a very rare form of cancer, that occurs due to constant exposure to asbestos. I believe in an interview Mc Queen had stated that it could have been due to result of removing asbestos from pipes on board a troop ship, during his service with the Marines. After doctors had expressed their helplessness in curing his cancer, he did try out some non traditional treatment techniques in Mexico, using a drug called laetrile, that was not approved by FDA. He undertook treatment under one William Kelley, primarily an orthodontist,who came up with his own cancer theory. I believe that the treatment made quite a big news in the media then, but the cancer was in pretty much an advanced stage by then. And for all of Kelley's claims to cure Mc Queen completely, the condition got even worse, and larger tumors developed in his liver. He finally took a trip to a low income clinic in Juarez, to get the tumor operated, in spite of the warnings of doctors, that his heart could not withstand it. And 24 hrs after the operation, Steve Mc Queen, the daredevil hearthrob passed away due to cardiac arrest at 3:45 AM in that small clinic in Ciuadad Juarez on the 7th of November,1980, he was just 50 then.2.7k Views · View Upvoterspromoted by Airtable From script to shoot to screen and everything in between. Airtable is the database for video production planning that anyone can use!Sign Up at airtable.com You dismissed this ad. The feedback you provide will help us show you more relevant content in the future."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D3200898#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061204210420AAFNlLG\nWhat San Francisco street did Steve McQueen drive down in Bullit in the famous chase scene?",
"text": "Entertainment & Music Movies What San Francisco street did Steve Mc Queen drive down in Bullit in the famous chase scene? Follow 4 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: For example San Francisco General Hospital is close to the chase scenes filmed around 20th Street, Kansas Street, and Rhode Island Street, while Russian Hill served as the base for many of the chase scenes, with the Marina District only a short distance away. Source (s):http://www.rjsmith.com/bullitt-locations...✮Nikki✮ · 1 decade ago0 0 Commentthats an interesting question and I hope you will find reasonable answers Anonymous · 2 years ago0 0 Commentevery time i ask a question, even if it's the simplest one, they cant give me a good informed answer on this website. Wtf happened to people who actually take the time to write an answer?shirley · 2 years ago0 0 Comment A whole lot of streets The chase segment starts off, with the Charger trailing the Mustang, near the intersection of Potrero and Army streets in Bernal Heights. It then proceeds west on Army Street for a few blocks. Bullitt makes a U-turn on Army at Precita (note the Pontiac and the lighting: here is the very next frame with a 1956 Dodge Coronet where the Pontiac was and different lighting), (the gas station is still in operation but no longer a Phillips 66.) Bullitt then makes an immediate right turn on York Street . The Charger follows and this view of Army eastbound is visble just before they make the right onto York. He disappears up York Street and the bad guys stop at the corner of York and Peralta and look west trying to find him. They continue on York at this odd little intersection of York with Peralta The two cars then magically appear on 20th Street at Kansas Street in the Potrero Hills district where Mc Queen appears in their rearview mirror They continue north on Kansas Street for about two blocks."
},
{
"docid": "D101795#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_do_honey_bees_eat_in_the_winter\nWhat do honey bees eat in the winter?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Animal Life Arthropods Insects Bees and Beekeeping What do honey bees eat in the winter? Flag What do honey bees eat in the winter? Answer by Mike beekeeper Confidence votes 12.6KHoney. The bees build up a store of honey during the summer which they eat through the winter. Beekeepers will take a surplus of honey from the hive, but won't take all the honey there is. They also feed the bees with sugar syrup after taking the honey to make sure the bees have enough to see them through the winter.2 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Grevillea 143,980 Contributions What happens to bees honey in winter? During the cold months, bees feed on the honey in the hive in order to survive while nectar is scarce. Do bees eat the honey? Actually, no ."
},
{
"docid": "D2697500#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_fast_did_Steve_Carlton_throw\nValue of a Steve Carlton autograph?",
"text": "Steven Keyman 2,019,187 Contributions Value of a Steve Carlton autograph? Steve Carlton single signed baseball . A Steve Carlton single signed baseball is worth between $50.-$80. . Value is based on average prices of recently closed auctions. Pr …Steven Keyman 2,019,187 Contributions What is the value of a Steve Carlton autographed baseball? Steve Carlton single signed baseball . A Steve Carlton single signed baseball is worth about $50. - $80.. Value is based on average prices of recently closed auctions. Pri …How did Steve Carlton become famous? He was a famous major league left handed pitcher."
},
{
"docid": "D2081533#0",
"title": "https://www.pinterest.com/caesar56/jill-ireland/\nJill Ireland",
"text": "Celebrity Weddings Celebrity Couples Celebrity Stars Charles Bronson Hollywood Couples Event Photos Photos Of Famous Couples David Mccallum Charles Bronson married British actress Jill Ireland from October 1968 until her death on May He had met her in when she was married to Scottish actor David Mc Callum. ( unable to find wedding photo) Married See morefrom IMDb Santa Monica Actor Charles Bronson Actors Male Movie Characters Famous People Movie Stars Ireland Tv Hollywood Couples Charles Bronson strolls with his wife Jill Ireland in Santa Monica 1971See morefrom images.search.yahoo.com Santa Monica Actor Charles Bronson Actors Male Movie Characters Famous People Movie Stars Ireland Tv Hollywood Couples Charles Bronson strolls with his wife Jill Ireland in Santa Monica 1971See morefrom L. A. Times Past Actor Charles Bronson Couples Célèbres Famous Couples Famous Women Famous People Classic Movie Stars Classic Movies Saint Yves Image Film Charles Bronson Jill Ireland - loved his movies. See more Famous Couples Real Couples Celebrity Couples Actor Charles Bronson Classic Movie Stars Classic Movies Vintage Portrait American Actors Vintage Movies Charles Bronson and Jill Ireland See more British Actresses Hollywood Actresses English Actresses Hollywood Stars Star Trek Movie Stars Fur Coat Film Charles Bronson Jill Ireland, British Actress best known for the many films she made with Husband Charles Bronson. Died at the age of 54 after long battle with Ovarian Cancer. Her ashes are buried with her husband Charles Bronson. See more Actor Charles Bronson Famous Couples Famous Women Famous People Hollywood Couples Celebrity Photos Image Film Errol Flynn Natalie Wood (Below) Jill at her son's wedding. See more Actor Charles Bronson Famous Couples Famous Women Famous People Hollywood Couples Celebrity Photos Image Film Errol Flynn Natalie Wood (Below) Jill at her son's wedding. See more British Actresses British Actors David Mccallum London United Kingdom London England Film Classic Beauty Breast Cancer Celebrity Women Jill Ireland, London, England British actress, died of Breast Cancer. Was married to actors David Mc Callum and then, Charles Bronson. See more British Actresses British Actors David Mccallum London United Kingdom London England Film Classic Beauty Breast Cancer Celebrity Women Jill Ireland, London, England British actress, died of Breast Cancer."
},
{
"docid": "D2431116#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Steve_McQueen/Archive_1\nTalk:Steve McQueen/Archive 1",
"text": "\"Talk: Steve Mc Queen/Archive 1From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia< Talk: Steve Mc Queennavigation search This is an archive of past discussions. Do not edit the contents of this page. If you wish to start a new discussion or revive an old one, please do so on the current talk page. Archive 1 Archive 2Contents [ hide ]1 First/Birth Name2 Asbestos3 Opening paragraph defies NPOV4 Cause of Death5 Height5.1 Edits from Banned User HC and IPs6 Photo7 The Great Escape Jump8 Unreferenced Christian stuff9 Notorious BIG lyric...10 Question about sequence of marriages in Infobox11 Mc Queen and Martial Arts12 Incorrect info on \"\"An Enemy of the people\"\"13 Was Mc Queen adopted?14 Bot report : Found duplicate references ! 15 Requested move16 Re unjustified slam from anonymous IP 4.240.159.123 regarding citations17 OSHA and Steve Mc Queen's widow18 Marines19 Introduction is wrong20 1972 Arrest21 Sheryl Crow song22 Fred Mc Queen23 Image24 Lightning Mc Queen25 File: Kent3-3-1.jpg Nominated for Deletion26 Picture27 File: The Towering Inferno9.jpg Nominated for Deletion28 Mc Queen's birth name29 legacy30 Image31 Transbrake hoax32 Personal life33 Political views sourced to IMDB34 Mc Queen's birth name35 Steve Mc Queen edit36 Peritoneal mesothelioma37 'Otherwise' true story?38 Wrong title?39 Not one mention of his legendary abuses of women?40 Poorly written41 Urban legend42 External links modified43 Q. Height and Eye colour? Please44 Steve Mc Queen was born in \"\"Birch Grove Grenada\"\".45 2nd Bullitt Mustang not scrapped46 Pallbearers47 Towel boy48 External links modified First/Birth Name The Social Security Death Index shows his first name as \"\"Terrance\"\". Terence is the most popular spelling on google, with Terrence behind that and Terrance being extremely rare. I'm not going to change it without more proof that this, but given the circumstances of his childhood I'm tempted to believe the spelling in the SSDI. Thorne 18:01, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)I have changed the spelling of Steve's birth name to Terrence. Admittedly there is wide disagreement and confusion about this, and admittedly also the IMDB lists the spelling as Terence."
},
{
"docid": "D247345#0",
"title": "http://www.themedicalquestions.com/surgery/how-long-does-carpal-tunnel-surgery-last.html\nHow long does carpal tunnel surgery last",
"text": "\"Home > Surgery >How long does carpal tunnel surgery last Health related question in topics Medicine Treatment . We found some answers as below for this question \"\"How long does carpal tunnel surgery last\"\",you can compare them. The length of carpal tunnel surgery is 30 minutes to 1 hour in most cases. Remember to call 1-800-2Cha Cha for unlimited questions! [ Source: http://www.chacha.com/question/how-long-does-carpal-tunnel-surgery-last ]More Answers to \"\" How long does carpal tunnel surgery last \"\"How long does carpal tunnel surgery lasthttp://www.chacha.com/question/how-long-does-carpal-tunnel-surgery-last The length of carpal tunnel surgery is 30 minutes to 1 hour in most cases. Remember to call 1-800-2Cha Cha for unlimited questions!How long can numbness last after carpal tunnel surgery? ? http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081105193101AAHFTd4You would think that it should be back to normal by now. Maybe if the Dr. gave you pills to take for later on that they may be helping so you won't have much pain. My mom had hers done several months ago but she had no problems with pain. Related Questions Answered on Y!Answers Carpal tunnel release - how long does pain last?"
},
{
"docid": "D1983500#0",
"title": "http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0072308/\nThe Towering Inferno ( 1974)",
"text": "\"FULL CAST AND CREW | TRIVIA | USER REVIEWS | IMDb Pro | MORESHARE6.9/ 1033,552Rate This The Towering Inferno ( 1974)PG | 2h 45min | Action, Drama, Thriller | 1 January 1975 (Singapore)2:12 | Trailer 1 VIDEO | 78 IMAGESWatch Now From $2.99 (SD) on Prime Video ON DISCAt the opening party of a colossal, but poorly constructed, office building, a massive fire breaks out that threatens to destroy the tower and everyone in it. Director: John Guillermin Writers: Richard Martin Stern (novel), Thomas N. Scortia (novel) | 2 more credits »Stars: Paul Newman, Steve Mc Queen, William Holden | See full cast & crew »Reviews203 user | 99 critic Popularity3,141 ( 54 )Patton Oswalt on Playing the Principal in \"\"A. P. Bio\"\"Patton Oswalt shares why high school is the perfect setting for his new show \"\" A. P. Bio \"\" and gives his younger self some sage advice. Go back to high school Related News‘Skyscraper’ Trailer & Poster Features Dwayne Johnson Jumping the Shark06 February 2018 | Age of the Nerd Kenneth Branagh to Return in Murder on the Orient Express Sequel21 November 2017 | Movie Web Only The Brave (2017) – Review20 October 2017 | We Are Movie Geeks.com See all related articles »Around The Web Powered by Zerg Net Create a list »User Lists Related lists from IMDb users Movies of 1974a list of 22 titles created 06 Oct 2013Favorite Action/Adventure Movies & TV Seriesa list of 36 titles created 29 Mar 2017STEVE MCQUEEN 17/17 {15-90} UN/DEL {0} = {15-90}a list of 29 titles created 25 May 2015Top 20 movies of the 70's ( not in order)a list of 21 titles created 31 Dec 20122 ponosikaa list of 39 titles created 6 months ago See all related lists »Related Items Search for \"\" The Towering Inferno \"\" on Amazon.com Share this Rating Title: The Towering Inferno (1974)6.9 /10Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. Show HTML View more styles User Polls Most Desirable All Star Cast10 Years After Katrina: The Film Disaster Most Due to Human Error Blockbuster Oscar Nominated Best Picture Movies Hottest Movie Ever The Many Faces of William Holden John Williams, A Lifetime Of Oscars Nominations See more polls »Won 3 Oscars. Another 9 wins & 13 nominations. See more awards »Videos See all 1 video »Photos See all 78 photos »Learn more People who liked this also liked...◄ Prev 6 Next 6 ►Add to Watchlist Next »The Poseidon Adventure (1972)Action | Adventure | Drama1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.1 / 10A group of passengers struggle to survive and escape when their ocean liner completely capsizes at sea. Director: Ronald Neame Stars: Gene Hackman, Ernest Borgnine, Shelley Winters Edit Cast Cast overview, first billed only: Steve Mc Queen... Chief O'Hallorhan Paul Newman... Doug Roberts William Holden... Jim Duncan Faye Dunaway... Susan Fred Astaire... Harlee Claiborne Susan Blakely... Patty Richard Chamberlain... Simmons Jennifer Jones... Lisolette O. J. Simpson... Jernigan Robert Vaughn... Senator Parker Robert Wagner... Bigelow Susan Flannery... Lorrie Sheila Allen... Paula Ramsay (as Sheila Mathews)Norman Burton... Giddings (as Normann Burton)Jack Collins... Mayor Ramsay See full cast »Edit Storyline Doug Roberts, Architect, returns from a long vacation to find work nearly completed on his skyscraper. He goes to the party that night concerned he's found that his wiring specifications have not been followed and that the building continues to develop short circuits. When the fire begins, Michael O'Halleran is the chief on duty as a series of daring rescues punctuate the terror of a building too tall to have a fire successfully fought from the ground."
},
{
"docid": "D815369#0",
"title": "http://elpasotimes.typepad.com/morgue/2013/11/steve-mcqueen-dies-in-juarez.html\nTales from the Morgue",
"text": "1980: Steve Mc Queen dies in Juarez November 8, 1980By Ramon Renteria Times staff writer Dr. Cesar Santos Vargas felt sympathetic toward the ailing man who called himself Sam Sheppard. “He was a man sure of himself and very sincere,” Santos said. Santos, a Juarez surgeon and kidney specialist, earned a medical reputation years ago in Juarez for treating injured bullfighters. He gained national attention when the man called Sheppard suddenly died in his Juarez clinic at 2:50 a.m. Friday. Sheppard, alias actor Steve Mc Queen, went to Santos’ Clinca de Santa Rosa looking for reprieve from the painful cancer that was killing him. Mc Queen spent time in El Paso in 1972 during the filming here of “The Getaway. ”Santos said Mc Queen checked into the clinic at about 5 p.m. Wednesday after he had signed an agreement for an operation. Santos and an assistant, Dr. Guillermo Bermudez, operated on Mc Queen Thursday to remove advanced cancerous tumors of the neck and stomach. The operation was performed from 8 to 11 a.m. Thursday. Santos said Mc Queen’s condition seemed to stabilize after the operation."
},
{
"docid": "D601138#0",
"title": "http://stevemcqueenstyle.blogspot.com/2010/08/steve-mcqueens-jeans-part-one.html\nSteve McQueen's Jeans (Part One)",
"text": "\"People, especially advocates of cockney rhyming slang, think of Steve Mc Queen as synonymous with jeans (those cheeky chaps say \"\"Steve's\"\", which is short for \"\"Steve Mc Queen's\"\", which is rhyming slang for \"\"jeans\"\"). He wears them in only a few of his movies, though. He has blue denim beneath his chaps in the odd western scene. It's one item of Steve Mc Queen clothing, in fact, that's sometimes less than perfectly pitched and, to paraphrase the man himself, the difference between cool and uncool is in the details. Lee 101Z should be slim-fit with a great finish, but the ones in Junior Bonner are merely tight and those in The Hunter too light. The Hunter (1980)Jeans are the only item of clothing with more of a mythology than Steve Mc Queen. Given all this, the next couple of posts will present an overview of denim and point out bits of general interest, as well as try to find where it crosses paths with Steve Mc Queen's sense of style. Levi's red selvedge Manufacturers used to weave denim on narrow shuttle looms, which created self-finished edges called selvedge. ( Self-finished edge ... self-edge ... selvedge.) It made for lasting jeans."
},
{
"docid": "D1770603#0",
"title": "http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/event/article-3062535/Steve-McQueen-wife-Neile-Adams.html\n'High on drugs, Steve McQueen jammed the gun against my head. I was terrified': The Hollywood legend's first wife Neile Adams gives a rare interview",
"text": "\"'High on drugs, Steve Mc Queen jammed the gun against my head. I was terrified': The Hollywood legend's first wife Neile Adams gives a rare interview By Lina Das For Event Published: 18:27 EDT, 2 May 2015 | Updated: 07:13 EDT, 6 May 201568shares58View comments He was the movie heart-throb who could have – and did have – any woman he wanted. But, reveals his long-suffering wife, Steve Mc Queen was tormented by jealousy and paranoia+8'I knew that the gun wasn't loaded. But I was terrified because he (Steve Mc Queen) terrorised me... He'd never laid a finger on me in all our marriage but he couldn't handle the fact that I'd had a fling,' said Neile Adams It was 1970 and Steve Mc Queen, with his blond hair, dare-devil demeanour and piercing blue eyes, was the darling of Hollywood. With hits including Bullitt, The Thomas Crown Affair and The Great Escape under his belt, he was one of the biggest movie stars in the world. But Neile Adams, his beautiful wife of 14 years, was quivering with fear. As they lay in bed at the French château he had rented while filming racing drama Le Mans, he had demanded to know whether she had ever been unfaithful. After giving her a hit of coke, she confessed one brief, long-ago fling. Now she could feel his fury – and the cold metal of a gun barrel, which the enraged star had jammed against her head. Next door their children slept on, blissfully unaware of the drama. '"
},
{
"docid": "D815368#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070520214421AA7Kmyk\nHow did Steve McQueen die?",
"text": "\"Entertainment & Music Celebrities How did Steve Mc Queen die?1 following 15 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Mc Queen died at the age of 50, on November 7, 1980, in Juárez, Mexico of a heart attack following surgery to remove or reduce a metastatic tumour in his liver. He had been diagnosed with mesothelioma in December 1979, and had travelled to Mexico in July 1980 for unconventional treatment after his doctors advised him that they could do nothing more to prolong his life. oxoxoxoxo ~sweetheart_kisses~♥!Baby Do LL! ♥ · 1 decade ago0 0 1 comment Asker's rating Steve Mcqueen Death Source (s):https://shrink.im/a9ak6kraack · 2 years ago0 0 Comment He died of cancer. Mc Queen learned in 1979 that he had a massive tumor on his right lung. It was mesothelioma, a rare form of cancer. Mc Queen traveled to Mexico (1980), submitting to a \"\"cure\"\" that temporarily caused his cancer to go into remission. ( lessen in intensity) Later that same year, Mc Queen returned to Mexico for a six-hour operation to remove stomach tumors. Unfortunately, the cancer was too far advanced. On November 7, 1980 Steve Mc Queen died."
},
{
"docid": "D2558168#0",
"title": "https://www.reddit.com/r/movies/comments/1ais43/what_do_you_guys_think_of_close_encounters_of_the/\n.",
"text": "\"Welcome to Reddit,the front page of the internet. Become a Redditorand subscribe to one of thousands of communities.×This is an archived post. You won't be able to vote or comment.51What do you guys think of Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977)? ( self.movies)submitted 4 years ago by [deleted]It is one of my favorite films of all time. Excellent visual effects, excellent story, excellent performance by Richard Dreyfuss, and Oscar worthy directing by Steven Spielberg. How was curious as to what you guys think of it because it's IMDB rating is lower than it should be IMOhttp://www.imdb.com/title/tt0075860/?ref_=sr_447 comments share save hide reportall 47 commentssorted by: best Want to add to the discussion? Post a comment!Create an account [–] 32koala 15 points 4 years ago *It's weird, I just-re watched it two days ago, for the first time in a long time. It's a great movie, and the thing that makes it great is the suspense. It's one of the most suspenseful movies I've ever seen, starting with mysteries and building more and more mysteries. It does a great job of building a believable world, and keeping you guessing as to what will come next."
},
{
"docid": "D1850284#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_did_Steve_Perry_leave_Journey\nWhy did Steve Perry leave Journey?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Entertainment & Arts Music Music Genres Why did Steve Perry leave Journey? Flag Why did Steve Perry leave Journey? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. Steve had to leave because of a problem with his hips.10 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Trust4love 38 Contributions How tall is Steve perry of journey?5'7''Into The Midnight Sun 9 Contributions When did Steve Perry form Journey? Steve Perry did not form Journey. Journey was formed originally in 1973 as an instrumental studio band by founding members Neal Schon (guitarist) and Gregg Rolie (keyboards, H …Perryprincess 8 Contributions Steve perry journey? I really hope when you improve a question it takes out the old ones. Steve Perry journey? that's an open question."
},
{
"docid": "D974429#0",
"title": "http://www.therichest.com/celebnetworth/celeb/actors/steve-mcqueen-net-worth/\nSteve McQueen Net Worth",
"text": "Steve Mc Queen Net Worth The Richest Richest Actors Net Worth:$30 Million Source of Wealth: Film, Television Birth Place: Beech Grove, Indiana, United States Marital Status: Widowed (Barbara Minty)Full Name: Terrence Steven Mc Queen Nationality: American More Stats View More About Terrence Steven Mc Queen Steve Mc Queen was an American actor with an estimated net worth of $30 million. He was born Terrence Steven Mc Queen on March 24, 1930 in Beech Grove, Indiana. He served in the United States Marine Corps after moving away from criminal activities he has engaged in as a teenager. After Mc Queen was honourably discharged from the marines in 1950, he began studying acting at Sanford Meisner’s Neighborhood Playhouse with the financial help from the GI Bill in 1952. His acting debut came in 1956 with the feature film Somebody Up There Likes Me. It was followed by a television appearance in the western series Wanted: Dead or Alive (1958-1961), as well as with the cult horror film The Blob (1958). Steve Mc Queen was best noted for his work in The Magnificent Seven (1960) with Charles Bronson, and the World War II epic The Great Escape (1963) with James Garner. His performances had established him as a lean, laconic action star. He was known as “The King of Cool” with his blue-eyed cool on the outside and rebellious turmoil on the inside with his “anti-hero” persona. In 1966, Steve received an Oscar nomination for The Sand Pebbles, but he is best known for the 1968 cops-and-car chases movie Bullit."
},
{
"docid": "D3505236#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_is_Jimmy_Carter\nWhat did Jimmy Carter do?",
"text": "\"Cutrats110 16 Contributions What did Jimmy Carter do?he was the 39th president of the united states; a democrat; and hes a major part of the peace treaty between israel and Egypt, he has appointed many other races to government …How did Jimmy Carter become president?he won a nomination on one ballot Carter succeeded Gerald Ford as president partly due to the public opinion that Ford should not have pardoned Nixon, and that the pardon was …Katarina Friedlander 5 Contributions Where was Jimmy Carter from? Jimmy Carter is from Plains, Georgia in the Coastal Plains. Theman0123456789 8 Contributions Who is Jimmy Carter dad's name? Jimmy Carter's dad is James Earl Carter, and his mom is Bessie Lillian Gordy. Who is Jimmy Carter In The Kite Runner? IN the novel \"\"The Kite Runner\"\", Jimmy Carter is President of the United States while Amir is a teenager in Afghanistan. Amir movesto the United States during Reagan's presidenc …Crystal Mcqueen 13 Contributions Is Jimmy Carter James carter? Yes, his full name is James Earl Carter, jr. He was 39th president of the US. J. P. Helm 124,843 Contributions Retired professor of math and computer science having taught for 36 years at a state supported university in Virginia What is Jimmy Carter favorite sport?"
},
{
"docid": "D3200897#0",
"title": "http://bullitt-mustang.com/index.html\n1968 Ford Bullitt Mustang GT 390 Fastback Steve McQueen Movie Car",
"text": "1968 Ford Bullitt Mustang GT 390 Fastback Steve Mc Queen Movie Car The 1968 Bullitt Mustang is an icon in the world of classic American cars and like Steve Mc Queen an icon of the movie industry. Its understated menace in its de-badged dark highland green metallic livery had the audience on the edge of their seats in the film Bullitt. The 10 minute chase through the streets of San Francisco and out into the open country is one of the best filmed car chase sequence ever made. The spectacle was aided and abetted by the villains’ black 1968 Dodge Charger R/T’s. The Mustang had been around since 1964 and immediately made its film debut in James Bond Goldfinger. It soon had the Shelby treatment to produce the GT350 model and a fastback design. The models, 2 off, used for the Bullitt was the big block 1968 GT390 Fastback with a few modifications. Apart from the dark green color the most noticeable was the lack of any badges including the front mustang and corral. Wheels were 15 inch x 6 inch American Racing Torq-Thrust D mags with dark spokes. Interior was also black with a custom steering wheel."
},
{
"docid": "D1742876#0",
"title": "http://www.complex.com/sports/2012/12/the-30-best-steve-mcqueen-rides/steve-mcqueen-cars-1\n1. 1968 Ford Mustang 390 GT",
"text": "1. 1968 Ford Mustang 390 GTMovie: Bullitt (1968)Quite possibly the most recognizable car on this list, in terms of Mc Queen rides, the '68 Mustang 390 GT is as badass as badass gets. He drove the hell out of this monster in Bullit and gave the world of cinema one of the greatest car chases ever captured on film. Steve played Lieutenant Frank Bullitt, a police officer that cared more about solving a case than worrying about protocol. No one can really confirm what was under the hood, but the streets say the engine let out anywhere between 302-325 horses."
},
{
"docid": "D3226023#0",
"title": "http://www.tvequals.com/2013/10/26/hawaii-five-0-season-4-episode-5-kupueu-another-loss-for-the-team/\nHawaii Five-0 Season 4 Episode 5 âKupuâeuâ â Another Loss for the Team",
"text": "\"Hawaii Five-0 Season 4 Episode 5 “Kupu’eu” – Another Loss for the Team October 26, 2013 Hawaii Five-0, Reviews In this episode of Hawaii Five-0, called “Kupu’eu” (Hawaiian for “Fallen Hero”), Catherine and Billy’s routine stakeout turns more dangerous than they ever saw coming and Steve enlists Joe’s help to find his mother. Well, now I feel just plain guilty for all the things that I said about Billy in my previous reviews. Not that I ever said I didn’t like the guy, but I did have my theories about how things might get sticky for Steve and Catherine once she started working for him. It never once occurred to me that the poor guy might die, especially this soon after Catherine accepted the job. Even when he was shot, I though he was going to pull through so I was just as shocked as Catherine was when Steve told her the news. I’ve been keeping myself purposefully out of the loop when it comes to news on this show as it’s one of the few series where I can remain somewhat spoiler- free. So I don’t know what’s going to happen next for any of the characters and that includes Catherine. I’m curious what she will do now that her job has fallen apart. Is she going to stay with the firm? Is it possible that she’s going to try and join Five-0?"
},
{
"docid": "D815373#0",
"title": "https://www.mesothelioma.com/blog/authors/emily/the-impact-of-mesothelioma-on-steve-mcqueen-and-other-military-veterans.htm\nThe Impact of Mesothelioma on Steve McQueen and Other Military Veterans",
"text": "Malignant mesothelioma is a rare cancer that few people survive. This disease has made the news in recent years due to lawsuits filed against companies that do not disclose their knowledge of the potential toxic results of asbestos exposure. The most famous victim of mesothelioma was Steve Mc Queen, who died in 1980 at the age of 50. Mc Queen was an iconic actor from the 1960s and 1970s. One of his best-known roles was Virgil Hilts, “The Cooler King”, in the movie “The Great Escape.” Hilts’ character was an Air Force pilot during World War II. In real life, Mc Queen served in the United States Marine Corps. According to the National Archives, he entered the service in 1947 and was honorably discharged in 1950. It was during those years that he may have been exposed to the asbestos that caused his cancer and ended his life. A Veteran Health Risk Of the many groups distinctly affected by mesothelioma, United States military veterans have some of the highest health risks."
},
{
"docid": "D1892591#0",
"title": "http://mayberry.wikia.com/wiki/Barney%27s_Sidecar\nBarney's Sidecar",
"text": "\"Barney's Sidecar Original airdate January 27, 1964Cast Andy Griffith as Sheriff Andy Taylor Don Knotts as Deputy Barney Fife Ron Howard as Opie Taylor Frances Bavier as Aunt Bee Taylor Virginia Sale as Mrs. Beggs Rodney Bell as Edgar J. Masters Joseph Hamilton as Jase Ray Kellogg as a truck driver Directed by Coby Ruskin Written by Jim Fritzell and Everett Greenbaum\"\" How are you Baron Von Richthofen? \"\" ―Andy to Barney Contents [ show]Plot Edit Barney invests into a WWI motorcycle, which quickly becomes a town nuisance. Summary Edit Determined to nip the speeding on highway 6 in the bud, Barney purchases a motorcycle and sidecar at a military surplus auction. With the town up in arms over Barney's new toy, Andy tricks Barney into donating the motorcycle to The National Guard by passing it off as an antique. Notes/Trivia Edit When considering how to deal with Barney Aunt Bee mentions something she saw in a movie once - the allies string a wire across the road and when the Germans come through on their motorcycles... A scene very close to what she describes can be seen in the classic WWII film The Great Escape. Steve Mcqueen's character uses a wire to kill a German and steal his motorcycle leading the famous motorcycle chase scene near the end of the film. The Battle of Château-Thierry was fought on July 18, 1918 and was one of the first actions involving the United States American Expeditionary Force (AEF) under General John J. \"\"Black Jack\"\" Pershing. It was a battle in World War I as part of the Second Battle of the Marne, initially prompted by a German offensive launched on July 15 against the newest troops on the front, the American AEF. Barney's goggles contain no lenses (a common occurrence in eyewear on film) as to avoid reflections from studio lights. As Opie leaves the courthouse early in the show he uses the once popular slang term, \"\"Abyssinia,\"\" and Andy replies with \"\"see ya' Samoa.\"\""
}
] |
619786
|
what did ted knight die of
|
[
{
"docid": "D1440347#0",
"title": "http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0461095/bio\nBiography",
"text": "\"Edit Ted Knight Biography Showing all 24 items Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trivia (17) | Salary (1)Overview (4)Born December 7, 1923 in Terryville, Connecticut, USADied August 26, 1986 in Los Angeles, California, USA (colorectal and bladder cancer)Birth Name Tadeus Wladyslaw Konopka Height 5' 9\"\" (1.75 m)Mini Bio (1)Actor Ted Knight paid his dues with nearly two decades of relatively obscure dramatic, often villainous television work, before finding enduring fame in a scene-stealing supporting turn on a classic 1970s sitcom, hilariously overplaying a silver-haired, self-important imbecile. Although the conceited \"\"stuffed shirt\"\" typecast plagued him for the rest of his career, the self-proclaimed \"\"Polish Prince of Comedy\"\" continued on good-naturedly, earning lead status on his own comedy series. The Connecticut-born actor was christened Tadeusz (Theodore) Wladyslaw Konopka, the son of a Polish-American family in his native town of Terryville, Connecticut. A high school dropout, he enlisted for World War II duty and eventually became a decorated member of the A Company, 296th Combat Engineer Battalion. During his tour of duty, Ted developed an interest in acting, returning home in the post-war years to study his craft in Hartford, Connecticut, at the Randall School of Dramatic Arts. A fascination with puppetry and ventriloquism led to his first steady paycheck, as the host of a children's radio show (WJAR) in Providence, Rhode Island (1950-1955). Following this, Ted found more work (WROW-TV) in Albany, New York, hosting a children's variety show while playing radio announcer for its sister radio station, WROW. Heading west to Los Angeles, California in 1957, Ted spent most of his early years providing slick commercial voiceovers and earning minor roles on television ( Sea Hunt (1958)) and film ( Psycho (1960)). He appeared regularly on the short-lived, The New Loretta Young Show (1962), and the daytime soap opera, The Young Marrieds (1964). Other television guest appearances sprouted including dramatic ( The Twilight Zone (1959), The Fugitive (1963), Gunsmoke (1955), Highway Patrol (1955), Bonanza (1959), Combat! ("
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1083396#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuschwanstein_Castle\nNeuschwanstein Castle",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Coordinates: 47°33′27″N 10°45′00″ENeuschwanstein Castle Location within Germany General information Architectural style Romanesque Revival Location Hohenschwangau, Germany Construction started 5 September 1869Completed c. 1886 (opened)Owner Bavarian Palace Department Design and construction Architect Eduard Riedel Civil engineer Eduard Riedel, Georg von Dollmann, Julius Hofmann Other designers Ludwig II, Christian Jank Neuschwanstein Castle ( German: Schloss Neuschwanstein, pronounced [nɔʏˈʃvaːnʃtaɪn], English: \"\"New Swanstone Castle\"\" [1]) is a 19th-century Romanesque Revival palace on a rugged hill above the village of Hohenschwangau near Füssen in southwest Bavaria, Germany. The palace was commissioned by Ludwig II of Bavaria as a retreat and as an homage to Richard Wagner. Ludwig paid for the palace out of his personal fortune and by means of extensive borrowing, rather than Bavarian public funds. The castle was intended as a home for the king, until he died in 1886. It was open to the public shortly after his death. [ 2] Since then more than 61 million people have visited Neuschwanstein Castle. [ 3] More than 1.3 million people visit annually, with as many as 6,000 per day in the summer. [ 4]Contents [ hide ]1 Location2 History2.1 Inspiration and design2.2 Construction2.3 Funding2.4 Simplified completion2.5 World War II3 Architecture3.1 Exterior3.2 Interior4 Tourism5 In culture, art, and science6 Panoramas7 Notes8 References9 Sources10 External links Location [ edit]A northward view of Neuschwanstein Castle from Mount Säuling (2,047 m or 6,716 ft) on the border between Bavaria and Tyrol: Schwangau between large Forggensee reservoir (1952) and Hohenschwangau and Neuschwanstein palaces The municipality of Schwangau lies at an elevation of 800 m (2,620 ft) at the southwest border of the German state of Bavaria. Its surroundings are characterized by the transition between the Alpine foothills in the south (toward the nearby Austrian border) and a hilly landscape in the north that appears flat by comparison. In the Middle Ages, three castles overlooked the villages."
},
{
"docid": "D1428298#0",
"title": "https://everipedia.org/wiki/Will_Ferrell/\nWill Ferrell",
"text": "\"Will Ferrell Pitcher / Utility Player / Third Base Coach Born: July 16, 1967 (age 49)Irvine, California Batted: Right Threw: Right MLB Spring Training debut March 12, 2015, for the Oakland Athletics Last MLB Spring Training appearance March 12, 2015, for the San Diego Padres MLB Spring Training statistics Innings Pitched 1⁄ 3Earned run average 0.00WHIP 0.00At-bats 2Hits 0Teams As Player Oakland Athletics ( 2015)Seattle Mariners ( 2015)Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim ( 2015)Chicago Cubs ( 2015)Arizona Diamondbacks ( 2015)Cincinnati Reds ( 2015)Chicago White Sox ( 2015)San Francisco Giants ( 2015)Los Angeles Dodgers ( 2015)San Diego Padres ( 2015)As Coach Chicago Cubs ( 2015)Occupation Comedic Actor & Former SNL Star Best Known for \"\"Talladega Nights,\"\" \"\"Step Brothers,\"\" \"\"Anchorman\"\" and \"\"Elf\"\"Nationality United States Address Los Angeles, CA, USAGender Male John William \"\" Will \"\" Ferrell ( / ˈ f ɛr əl /; [2] born July 16, 1967) [3] is an American actor, comedian, producer, and writer. He first established himself in the mid-1990s as a cast member on the NBC sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live, and has subsequently starred in comedy films such as Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy (2004), Talladega Nights (2006), Step Brothers (2008), The Other Guys (2010) and Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues (2013), all but one of which he co-wrote with his comedy partner Adam Mc Kay. The two also founded the comedy website Funny or Die in 2007. Other films roles include Elf, Old School (both 2003), Blades of Glory (2007), and the animated films Megamind (2010) and The Lego Movie (2014). Ferrell is considered a member of the \"\" Frat Pack \"\", a generation of leading Hollywood comic actors who emerged in the late 1990s and the 2000s, including Jack Black, Ben Stiller, Steve Carell, Vince Vaughn, and brothers Owen and Luke Wilson. He received an Emmy Award nomination for his work on Saturday Night Live, and two Golden Globe Award nominations for The Producers (2005) and Stranger than Fiction (2006). He was also named the best comedian of 2015 in the British GQ Men of the Year awards. Ferrell received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on March 26, 2015. Early life Ferrell was born in Irvine, California, [3] the son of Betty Kay (née Overman; born 1940), a teacher who taught at Old Mill School elementary school and Santa Ana College, [4] and Roy Lee Ferrell, Jr. (born 1941), a musician with The Righteous Brothers. [ 5] His parents were both natives of Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina, and moved to California in 1964. ["
},
{
"docid": "D3280434#0",
"title": "http://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/2016/04/14/25-films-set-for-a-reboot-or-remake/\n25 films set for a reboot or remake",
"text": "\"25 films set for a reboot or remake Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1994), Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989), Commando (1985) and Logan's Run (1976) Credit: Rex Features Siobhan Palmer2 August 2016 • 8:02am F rom Splash to Bill & Ted, here's The Telegraph's regularly updated list of the Hollywood reboots and remakes slated for production.1. Splash (1984 )Director: Andrew Fleming Starring: Tom Hanks and Daryl Hannah THE REMAKEDirector: Ron Howard and Brian Grazer Starring: Channing Tatum and Jillian Bell In a gender reversal of the original film, Tatum will assume Hannah's role as the enchanting mermaid, while his 22 Jump Street co-star Jillian Bell will take on Hanks's role of the human faced with a larger-than-life decision.2. Mary Poppins (1964)Director: Robert Stevenson Starring: Julie Andrews, Dick Van Dyke and David Tomlinson THE REMAKEDirector: Rob Marshall Starring: Emily Blunt, Meryl Streep and Lin-Manuel Miranda Set 20 years after the Disney original, the new film will take place in Depression-era London. It is due to take its storylines from PL Travers’s children books focusing on Poppins’s continued adventures with the Banks family. Blunt will star as the titular supernanny alongside the Tony-winning creator of the Hamilton musical as a lamplighter named Jack.3. The Craft (1996)Director: Andrew Fleming Starring: Robin Tunney, Fairuza Balk, Neve Campbell THE REMAKEDirector: Leigh Janiak Starring: TBA After directing and co-writing the disturbing horror film Honeymoon, young filmmaker Leigh Janiek has been commissioned to perform the same role on a remake of Nineties teen thriller The Craft, about a group of students at a Catholic high school who dabble in witchcraft.4. Wargames (1983)Director: John Badham Starring: Matthew Broderick, Ally Sheedy, John Wood Honours: 3 Oscar nominations for writing, cinematography and sound. Bafta best sound winner, nominated for visual effects and production design THE REMAKED irector: Dean Israelite Starring: TBA Former director Seth Gordon was replaced by Project Almanac director Dean Israelite earlier this year. Israelite said in February that of all his projects, he hopes War Games will go next, which is a promising but extremely non-commital statement to make. He added \"\"If there was ever a movie primed to say something new and bold and relevant for our time, it's War Games."
},
{
"docid": "D3038495#0",
"title": "http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0191442/\nBrett Cullen (I)",
"text": "\"SEE RANKBrett Cullen (I)Actor | Camera Department | Producer Official Photos »Brett Cullen was born on August 26, 1956 in Houston, Texas, USA as Peter Brett Cullen. He is known for his work on Ghost Rider (2007), The Dark Knight Rises (2012) and Person of Interest (2011). He is married to Michele Little. They have one child. See full bio »Born: August 26, 1956 in Houston, Texas, USAMore at IMDb Pro »Contact Info: View agent, manager and company36 photos | 29 videos »Quick Links Biography Awards Photo Gallery Filmography (by Job)Trailers and Videos Explore More Best (and Worst) Superpowers According to Superfan Patton Oswalt Sorry Aquaman, but Patton Oswalt thinks talking to fish is the most useless superpower. See Patton's superpower picks Share this page: Related News See Blake Lively Battle that Shark in The Shallows on Blu-ray September 27th14 September 2016 |We Are Movie Geeks.com Second Opinion – The Shallows (2016)14 August 2016 | Flickeringmyth How ‘Gravity’ Inspired This Summer’s Crazy Shark Movie24 June 2016 | Indiewire See all related articles »Around The Web Powered by Zerg Net On Prime Video Watch Now The Replacements Watch Now Monte Carlo Watch Now Red Dawn Watch Now Apollo 13Watch Now The Runaways See more on Prime Video »Watch on TVApollo 13Wed, Apr 11 11:05 AM PDT on SHOW (094)Apollo 13Wed, Apr 11 10:05 PM PDT on SHOW (094)Explore more on IMDb TV »Create a list »User Lists Related lists from IMDb users The best one/two-episode characters/actors of Star Trek: DS9a list of 49 people created 19 Jan 2016My \"\"Dan Brown's The Lost Symbol\"\" casting suggestionsa list of 25 people created 20 Jan 2011Doctor Strange (New York City, Los Angeles and Toronto)a list of 26 people created 07 Jan 2016Over 50 and hot!!! ! a list of 22 people created 10 Mar 2012actors A to Za list of 718 people created 26 Sep 2016See all related lists »Do you have a demo reel? Add it to your IMDb Page Find out more at IMDb Pro »How Much Have You Seen? How much of Brett Cullen's work have you seen? User Polls The Best 2010s Superhero Movie IMDb's 25th Anniversary: The 25 Most Voted on Titles on IMDb with Less Than 5.0 Rating What if They Kept the Fake Working Title?"
},
{
"docid": "D983459#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mary_Tyler_Moore_Show\nThe Mary Tyler Moore Show",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Mary Tyler Moore Title card with Peignot typeface Created by James L. Brooks Allan Burns Starring Mary Tyler Moore Edward Asner Valerie Harper Gavin Mac Leod Ted Knight Cloris Leachman Georgia Engel Betty White Theme music composer Sonny Curtis Opening theme \"\" Love Is All Around \"\", written and performed by Sonny Curtis Composer (s) Patrick Williams Country of origin United States Original language (s)English No. of seasons 7No. of episodes 168 ( list of episodes)Production Executive producer (s)James L. Brooks Allan Burns Producer (s) David Davis Lorenzo Music Ed Weinberger Stan Daniels Running time 25–26 minutes Production company (s)MTM Enterprises Distributor 20th Television Release Original network CBSPicture format Color Audio format Monaural Original release September 19, 1970 – March 19, 1977Chronology Followed by Lou Grant (1977–82)Related shows Rhoda (1974–78) Phyllis (1975–77) Lou Grant (1977–82)The Mary Tyler Moore Show is an American sitcom created by James L. Brooks and Allan Burns that aired on CBS from 1970 to 1977. Its central character is a never-married, independent career woman, a rarity in American television in the early 1970s. [ 1]It is one of the most acclaimed television programs in United States television history. [ 1] It received high praise from critics during its run, including Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series three years in a row (1975–1977), and continued to be honored long after the final episode aired. In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked The Mary Tyler Moore Show No. 6 in its list of the 101 Best Written TV Series of All Time. [ 2]Contents [ hide ]1 Summary and setting1.1 Kenwood Parkway house2 Characters3 Production3.1 Title sequences4 Response and impact4.1 Impact on television4.2 Spin-offs, specials and reunions4.3 In popular culture5 Broadcast history5.1 United States5.1.1 Syndication5.2 United Kingdom6 Home media7 Awards and honors7.1 Emmys7.2 Golden Globe Awards7.3 Honors8 References9 Further reading10 External links Summary and setting [ edit]See also: List of The Mary Tyler Moore Show episodes Season Episodes Originally aired Nielsen ratings [3]First aired Last aired Rank Rating Tied with1 24 September 19, 1970 March 6, 1971 22 20.3 N/A2 24 September 18, 1971 March 4, 1972 10 23.7 Here's Lucy3 24 September 16, 1972 March 3, 1973 7 23.6 Gunsmoke4 24 September 15, 1973 March 2, 1974 9 23.1 Cannon5 24 September 14, 1974 March 8, 1975 11 24.0 N/A6 24 September 13, 1975 March 6, 1976 19 21.9 N/A7 24 September 25, 1976 March 19, 1977 N/A N/A N/AMary Richards ( Moore) is a single woman who, at age 30, moves to Minneapolis on the heels of a broken engagement. She applies for a secretarial job at fictional television station WJM, but that is already taken."
},
{
"docid": "D3552942#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interscope_Records\nInterscope Records",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Interscope Records Parent company Universal Music Group Founded 1989; 29 years ago Founder Jimmy Iovine Ted Field Distributor (s)Interscope Geffen A&M (United States)Universal Music Distribution (International)Polydor Limited (Europe) (1996–present)Genre Hip hop rock pop Country of origin United States Location Santa Monica, California Official website interscope .com Interscope Records is an American major record label. An imprint of Interscope Geffen A&M Records, its parent company is Universal Music Group, a subsidiary of Vivendi SA. Interscope was founded in 1990 by Jimmy Iovine and Ted Field as a $20 million joint venture with Warner Music Group 's Atlantic Records. At the time, it differed from most record companies by giving decision-making authority to its A&R staff, and allowing artists and producers complete creative control. [ 1] It had its first hit records less than a year after it was founded and achieved profitability in 1993. [ 2] Iovine served as chairman and CEO until May 2014, when he was succeeded by John Janick. [ 3]In 1992, Interscope acquired the exclusive rights to market and distribute the hardcore rap label Death Row Records, whose artists included hip hop stars Tupac Shakur, Dr. Dre, and Snoop Dogg, at the center of the mid-'90s gangsta rap controversy. As a result, Time Warner, the former owner of WMG, severed ties with Interscope by selling its 50 percent stake back to Field and Iovine for $115 million in 1995. In 1996, 50% of the label was acquired by the MCA Music Entertainment Group for a reported $200 million. [ 2] [4] [5]Interscope is headquartered in Santa Monica, California."
},
{
"docid": "D1415810#0",
"title": "http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/bloodlines/kennedy.htm\n.",
"text": "\"THE KENNEDY FAMILYTo be a researcher and to be informed that the Kennedy family is a top 13 llluminati family is akin to being told a needle is in a haystack. Someone has estimated that there are 200,000 Kennedys in the United States.1 And on a list of the most populous surnames of Ireland in 1890 Kennedy ranked 17th.2 And a recent book listed it as 16th most common today. Fortunately, there is information that allows me to identify at least part of the Satanic Kennedies from all the rest of the Kennedys. You will learn some of this later in the article. KENNEDY TIES TO OTHER ELITE FAMILIESAgain the ties between various Illuminati families is very involved, and a long unraveling process, similar to untying a set of bad knots confronts the researcher. The Kennedy family abounds with marriages to names such as Anketells, Baileys, Booths, Buckleys, Collins, Hatfields, Humphreys, Freemans, James, Phelps, Reagans, Russells, and Smiths.3 The Kennedys that we will look closest at are related to the Fitzpatricks, a powerful Irish family whose coat of arms has 3 fleur-de-lis with a dragon and a lion. ( The Fitzpatricks may tie back to France, and they may possibly part of the Sang Royal (Sangraal--Sang Raal is the term used in the older manuscripts which can mean both Royal bloodline or Holy Grail.) Jackie Bouvier Kennedy Onassis who married John F. Kennedy was tied to the Auchinclosses via her sister’s marriage into the Auchincloss family. The Auchinclosses are Scottish bloodline of the Illuminati. \"\" One can fairly hear the woof and tweet of history whistle through the names of the ramified Auchincloss tribe: Bunt, Grosvenor, Rockefeller, Saltonstall, Tiffany, Vanderbilt and Winthrop among others. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D788404#0",
"title": "http://salem-news.com/articles/october022009/hanoi_john_10-2-09.php\n.",
"text": "\"Oct-02-2009 02:39 Tweet Follow @Oregon News Command Sergeant Major John Holland on John Mc Cain - 'Hanoi John'Gordon Duff Salem-News.com Presidential pardon from Nixon saves John Mc Cain from treason and collaboration charges according to Rolling Thunder Founder and 3 war veteran, John Holland.... John Mc Cain Courtesy: poplicks.com (CINCINNATI, Ohio) - Why nothing in the news... Why no reports..... Why was the truth kept from Americans during the election? Some of us have seen the reports about John Mc Cain. I know what Ted Guy had to say about Mc Cain and I know how angry POW activists have been at his betrayal of their cause. What I didn't know and that few of us knew, is that John Holland, Rolling Thunder Founder, had called for the Republican Party to remove Mc Cain from the ticket. This isn't a minor story and isn't one that has gone away just because the election is over. Many of us who knew what Mc Cain had done didn't know how much power the money boys behind Palin and Mc Cain could go to suppress this information during the campaign. Rally after rally, fellow POW and controversial Medal of Honor holder, Bud Day, stood beside Mc Cain, backing him up. With substantiated claims of hundreds of counts of treason, collaboration and aid and comfort to the enemy suppressed against Mc Cain and a number of unnamed other POWs who were expecting to be prosecuted when returned, this entire act during the election seems sick. Ted Sampley, Vietnam combat veteran, now deceased, wrote at length about Mc Cain and Day. Sampley's article on Day's Medal of Honor is extremely revealing. ("
},
{
"docid": "D1017508#0",
"title": "https://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/bloodlines/kennedy.htm\n.",
"text": "\"THE KENNEDY FAMILYTo be a researcher and to be informed that the Kennedy family is a top 13 llluminati family is akin to being told a needle is in a haystack. Someone has estimated that there are 200,000 Kennedys in the United States.1 And on a list of the most populous surnames of Ireland in 1890 Kennedy ranked 17th.2 And a recent book listed it as 16th most common today. Fortunately, there is information that allows me to identify at least part of the Satanic Kennedies from all the rest of the Kennedys. You will learn some of this later in the article. KENNEDY TIES TO OTHER ELITE FAMILIESAgain the ties between various Illuminati families is very involved, and a long unraveling process, similar to untying a set of bad knots confronts the researcher. The Kennedy family abounds with marriages to names such as Anketells, Baileys, Booths, Buckleys, Collins, Hatfields, Humphreys, Freemans, James, Phelps, Reagans, Russells, and Smiths.3 The Kennedys that we will look closest at are related to the Fitzpatricks, a powerful Irish family whose coat of arms has 3 fleur-de-lis with a dragon and a lion. ( The Fitzpatricks may tie back to France, and they may possibly part of the Sang Royal (Sangraal--Sang Raal is the term used in the older manuscripts which can mean both Royal bloodline or Holy Grail.) Jackie Bouvier Kennedy Onassis who married John F. Kennedy was tied to the Auchinclosses via her sister’s marriage into the Auchincloss family. The Auchinclosses are Scottish bloodline of the Illuminati. \"\" One can fairly hear the woof and tweet of history whistle through the names of the ramified Auchincloss tribe: Bunt, Grosvenor, Rockefeller, Saltonstall, Tiffany, Vanderbilt and Winthrop among others. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D828894#0",
"title": "http://www.glennbeck.com/2015/09/30/theblaze-tv-host-dana-loesch-reacts-to-her-most-recent-death-threat/\nTheBlaze TV host Dana Loesch reacts to her most recent death threat",
"text": "The Blaze TV host Dana Loesch reacts to her most recent death threatglenn recommends BEN SHAPIRO to Trump: If you’re watching CNN and they have happ... Despite ‘Equal Pay Day,’ the gender wage gap doesn’... Ted Wednesday, Sep 30, 2015The Blaze TV host Dana Loesch reacts to her most recent death threat On radio Wednesday, Glenn was joined by Dana Loesh who told Glenn she’s been talking to the FBI since receiving a really nasty death threat . Here’s how Dana told the story. “It happened on my birthday, and Sunday, some dude who was really bad at graphics put up this video where he edited the NRA video that I did, the ‘Moms Like Me’ video, and it shows this like weird hand coming up, you know, with a Glock in the hand. And it pulls the trigger and shoots me right in the face, and blood splatters on the screen, and I fall over,” Dana said. The video was posted and subsequently shared on Twitter, until Dana eventually saw it while watching a baseball game with her family. The creepy part is that this wasn’t the first time the person who posted the video had tried to contact Dana. “This guy has been trying to get my attention for a long time. Apparently he lives in Illinois. And I’ve never engaged,” Dana said. She decided to take action when she realized her 14-year-old son had seen the video on Instagram."
},
{
"docid": "D509446#0",
"title": "http://www.rockcellarmagazine.com/2012/07/17/what-the-funk-mark-farners-excellent-adventure-interview-2/\nWhat The Funk?! Mark Farnerâs Excellent Adventure (Interview)",
"text": "(photo: flint journal file)So much has been written about the life and times of Grand Funk Railroad – the hits and the misses, the legal fights and the mismanagement, the groupies and the drugs, the critics who universally hated them and the fans who universally adored them. It almost seems redundant to be interviewing former Grand Funk guitarist and self-styled radical Christian Mark Farner to simply go over old times. The 64-year-old rocker has heard all the questions, and the interviewers already know the answers. But the easygoing Farner – currently prepping for a recording session in Boston – is all good cheer about an in-the-works PBS documentary I’m Your Captain: The Mark Farner Story. And despite a recent autobiography that pretty much tells it all, Mark Farner says…“There is no last word. There’s nothing you could ask me that would make me roll my eyes at this point. You got a question that’s going to make me roll my eyes? ( laughs) Go for it!”Rock Cellar Magazine: OK. Can religion and rock ‘n’ roll truly co-exist? Mark Farner: Rock and roll is religion."
},
{
"docid": "D1832952#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caddyshack_II\nCaddyshack II",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Caddyshack IITheatrical release poster Directed by Allan Arkush Produced by Neil Canton Peter Guber Jon Peters Screenplay by Harold Ramis Peter Torokvei Based on Characters by Brian Doyle-Murray Harold Ramis Douglas Kenney Starring Jackie Mason Robert Stack Dyan Cannon Dina Merrill Jonathan Silverman Brian Mc Namara Marsha Warfield Paul Bartel Randy Quaid Chevy Chase Dan Aykroyd Music by Ira Newborn Cinematography Harry Stradling, Jr. Edited by Bernard Gribble Distributed by Warner Bros. Release date July 22, 1988Running time 98 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $20 million [ citation needed]Box office $11.8 million [1]Caddyshack II is a 1988 American sports comedy film and a sequel to Caddyshack. The film stars Jackie Mason, Dan Aykroyd, Robert Stack, Dyan Cannon, Randy Quaid, Chevy Chase, Jonathan Silverman, and Jessica Lundy. It was written by various outside writers, but is credited to the first draft by Peter Torokvei and Harold Ramis, who also co-wrote and directed the first, and is directed by Allan Arkush. The film garnered a PG rating, in contrast to the original's R rating. Contents [ hide ]1 Plot2 Cast3 The Gopher4 Production5 Reception6 References7 External links Plot [ edit]Kate Hartounian ( Jessica Lundy) is the daughter of a wealthy and widowed real estate developer of Armenian and Jewish descent. [ 2] Eager to improve her lot in life, she makes friends with Miffy Young ( Chynna Phillips ), a snooty WASP girl, who encourages her and her father to join their country club. Kate and her father, Jack ( Jackie Mason ), apply for membership at Bushwood, the club from the first movie. Jack is a self-made millionaire, yet remains self-effacing, friendly and generous despite his wealth. His crude personality foils him on many occasions. When the current members meet Jack, who builds low-income housing in more upscale neighborhoods, his application to join is rejected."
},
{
"docid": "D1413564#0",
"title": "http://www.dartmouth.edu/~library/digital/collections/books/ocm58916242/ocm58916242.html?mswitch-redir=classic\n.",
"text": "\"-3-is of course a pseudonym, one known to millions upon millions of adults and children alike, in the United States and throughout the world. It derives from the middle name of author-artist Theodor Seuss Geisel (Dartmouth 1925), and any telling of the story of \"\"Dr. Seuss\"\" must involve a tracing, also, of the career of Theodor Geisel himself. Both born and raised in Springfield, Massachusetts, he attended Springfield's Central High School, where among his special extracurricular concerns was the student newspaper, the Central Recorder, for which he did articles, verse, humorous squibs, and occasional cartoons, as well as serving as one of the paper's editors. At the conclusion of his high school years he, along with a large number of others from Central High, entered Dartmouth, apparently because of the influence of Edwin A. Smith, a 1917 graduate of the College.—\"\"The reason so many kids went to Dartmouth at that particular time from the Springfield high school was probably Red Smith, a young English teacher who, rather than being just an English teacher, was one of the gang — a real stimulating guy who proba- bly was responsible for my starting to write.-4-\"\"I think many kids were excited by this fellow. ( His family ran a candy factory in White River Junc- tion, Vermont. I remember that.) And I think when time came to go to college we all said, 'Let's go where Red Smith went. '\"\" Accordingly, in the autumn of 1921, Geisel headed for Hanover, some hundred and thirty miles up the Connecticut River from Springfield. And what was to prove, as viewed in retrospect, especially a stimulus to him at Dartmouth?—\"\"Well, my big inspiration for writing there was Ben Pressey [W. Benfield Pressey of the Department of English]. He was important to me in college as Smith was in high school. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D2867879#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Dansen\nTed Danson",
"text": "\"Ted Danson From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Ted Dansen)navigation search Ted Danson Danson in 2008Born Edward Bridge Danson III December 29, 1947 (age 70)San Diego, California, U. S. Residence Los Angeles, California Chilmark, Massachusetts [1]Education Stanford University Carnegie Mellon University Occupation Actor, author, producer Years active 1975–present Spouse (s)Randall \"\"Randy\"\" Gosch ( m. 1970; div. 1975)Cassandra \"\"Casey\"\" Coates ( m. 1977; div. 1993)Mary \"\"Nell\"\" Steenburgen ( m. 1995)Children 2Edward Bridge \"\"Ted\"\" Danson III (born December 29, 1947) is an American actor, author and producer well known for his role as lead character Sam Malone on the NBC sitcom Cheers, Jack Holden in the films Three Men and a Baby and Three Men and a Little Lady, and for his role as Dr. John Becker on the CBS sitcom Becker. He also starred in the CBS dramas CSI: Crime Scene Investigation and CSI: Cyber as D. B. Russell. [ 2] [3] Additionally he plays a recurring role on Larry David 's HBO sitcom Curb Your Enthusiasm, starred alongside Glenn Close in legal drama Damages, and was a regular on the HBO comedy series Bored to Death. In 2015 he starred as Hank Larsson in the second season of FX's black comedy-crime drama anthology Fargo. Since 2016, he has played the afterlife \"\"architect\"\" Michael in the NBC sitcom The Good Place. During his career, Danson has been nominated for 15 Primetime Emmy Awards, winning two; ten Golden Globe Awards nominations, winning three; one Screen Actors Guild Award; and one American Comedy Award and has been awarded a star on Hollywood's Walk of Fame. He was ranked second in TV Guide ' s list of the top 25 television stars. [ 4] Danson has also been a longtime activist in ocean conservation."
},
{
"docid": "D1026980#0",
"title": "http://stickrpg.wikia.com/wiki/Weapons\nWeapons",
"text": "Weapons are a crucial component of Stick RPG 2. Ranging from bare fists to straightforward baseball bats, there are several diverse types of weapons and firearms in Stick RPG 2. However, additional weapons and firearms, such as the Prototype Railgun, need Directors Cuts to purchase Weapons can be earned through an assortment of ways, such as completing side quests or purchasing them from an arms dealer. Contents [ show]List of weapons Edit Home Runners Edit Old Bat (Purchase from Steel and Hawk )Major League Bat (Purchase from Arms Dealer Larry at the second island of the map of town, and will be available in the late-night)Hall Of Fame Bat (Max Drug Dealer profession)Japanese Swords Edit Ornamental Katana (Purchase from Steel and Hawk)Carbon Steel Katana (Purchase from Arms Dealer Larry at night)The Masamune (Max Video Game Developer profession)Small Guns Edit Pistol (Purchase from Steel and Hawk)Glock (Purchase from Arms Dealer Larry at night)Doomsday Glock (Purchase from Contraband Salesman/Premium Weapons Dealer (at Benjamins Club), or win from Casino (3 bullets in a row)Multi-Bullet Guns Edit Single Barrel Shotgun (Purchase from Arms Dealer Larry at night)Double Barrel Shotgun (Beat Gangster HQ)Combat Shotgun (Max Police Officer profession)Fast Shooting Guns Edit Machine Gun (Purchase from Arms Dealer Larry )AK-47 (Beat Mobster Tower)Secret Weapon (Max Hitman profession)Hammer Time Edit Weathered Sledge Hammer (Give toilet paper to guy in the bathroom at Skye's bar)Heavy Sledge Hammer (Get Einsteinium from guy at bathroom in club, Give to 'Recon' Bob Yewlaiter in the laundromat Super Sledgehammer (Buy Unobtainium from contraband seller, give to 'Recon' Bob Yewlaiter in the laundromat Directors Cut only weapons Edit Tree Cutters Edit45cc Chainsaw (Hardware Store)55cc Chainsaw (Hardware Store)70cc Chainsaw (Max Lumber Jack profession)Star Wars Reference Edit Glowy Sword (Dealer in Bathroom in Dangling Pianist)Light Laser Sword (Max Light Knight profession)Dark Laser Sword (Hard to Max Dark Knight profession)Shocky Helmets (Weird thing is that you can't die) Edit The Zappy Hat (Beat purple guy at night)Electro Helmet (Dealer in Bathroom in Dangling Pianist)Tesla Helmet (Max Professor profession)Better Fast Shooting Guns Edit Prototype Railgun (Dealer in Bathroom in Dangling Pianist)Blast Cannon (Kill Tutorial Ted )The Auto Railer 9000 (Premium Dealer in Benjamin Club)Fire Spewers Edit Homemade Flamethrower (Give Pyro Perry Leaf Blower, 40oz. and Zippo Lighter)Modified Flamethrower (Give Pyro Perry Fuel cell from Sewers)Nova Flamethrower (Go to Dangling Pianist, wait for Owner Eddie to appear. Talk to him and go to New Abandoned Warehouse. Beat it, and give Hyperdrive to Alien Andy. Get Nanobots from Benjamin Club and give them to Alien Andy. Give Solar Matter to Pyro Perry, then, give 4D Hypercube to Pyro Perry. Even Better Fast Shooting Guns Edit Minigun (Dealer in Bathroom in Dangling Pianist)Chaingun (Premium Dealer in Benjamin Club)The King (Max Government Official profession)Categories: Weapons Add category"
},
{
"docid": "D1632832#0",
"title": "http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0877270/\nGlynn Turman",
"text": "\"SEE RANKGlynn Turman Actor | Director | Producer New York City-born African-American actor Glynn Turman enjoyed his first real taste of acting success at the age of 13 originating the role of Travis Younger on Broadway in Lorraine Hansberry 's landmark play \"\"A Raisin in the Sun\"\" in 1959 opposite Sidney Poitier, Ruby Dee, Claudia Mc Neil and Diana Sands as his various family members. While he did ... See full bio »Born: January 31, 1947 in New York City, New York, USAMore at IMDb Pro »Contact Info: View agent50 photos | 10 videos »Quick Links Biography Awards Photo Gallery Filmography (by Job)Trailers and Videos Explore More On This Episode of \"\"The IMDb Show\"\"Truth or Dare 's Lucy Hale unleashes her inner scream queen while Bruce Campbell helps you attain B-movie legend status. Watch the show Share this page: Related News Josh Stamberg Cast In ‘Justine’; Fox’s ‘The Impossible’ Adds Ali Skovbye & Taylor Mosby29 March 2018 | Deadline Movie News Film News Roundup: Marcus Scribner, Paris Berelc to Star in Thriller ‘Confessional’21 March 2018 | Variety - Film News Glynn Turman, Stephanie Turner To Topline ‘Justine’; Jackson Rathbone, Kerri Medders Cast In ‘Do Not Reply’19 March 2018 | Deadline Movie News See all related articles »Around The Web Powered by Zerg Net On Prime Video Watch Now Burlesque Watch Now Men of Honor Watch Now John Dies at the End Watch Now Sahara Watch Now Super 8See more on Prime Video »Watch on TVA Different World Almost Working Girl (S5, Ep4) Mon, Apr 16 5:23 AM PDT on BET (063)Law & Order: Criminal Intent Pravda (S3, Ep5) Thu, Apr 19 5:00 PM PDT on WE (122)Explore more on IMDb TV »Projects In Development Rudy Tooty 2019Details only on IMDb Pro »Create a list »User Lists Related lists from IMDb users GTA San Andreas - The Moviea list of 35 people created 10 Jan 2017My ultimate Hunger Games casting list for Catching Fire and Mockingjaya list of 35 people created 02 Jun 2012*Famous Faces on \"\"The Richard Pryor Show & Special (1977)!a list of 32 people created 19 Sep 2013Top 35 characters from The Wirea list of 35 people created 20 Aug 2011Supporting Charactersa list of 388 people created 14 Sep 2015See all related lists »Do you have a demo reel? Add it to your IMDb Page Find out more at IMDb Pro »How Much Have You Seen? How much of Glynn Turman's work have you seen? User Polls Which is the best series comprising only 2 films? How do you watch most of the movies you see? Surprising Wilhelm Screams I Wouldn't Do That If I Were You... Let us quest!Most iconic movie poster designed by Anthony Goldschmidt? See more polls »Won 1 Primetime Emmy. Another 2 wins & 4 nominations."
},
{
"docid": "D230631#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071222131830AA8g1fu\nHOW DID 2PAC die?",
"text": "\"Entertainment & Music Music Rap and Hip-Hop HOW DID 2PAC die?2 following 27 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Tupac Shakur On the night of September 7, 1996, Shakur attended the Mike Tyson - Bruce Seldon boxing match at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas, Nevada. After leaving the match, one of Suge Knight's associates spotted 21 year-old Orlando \"\"Baby Lane\"\" Anderson, a member of the Southside Crips, in the MGM Grand lobby and had Shakur aware. Shakur immediately rushed Anderson and knocked him to the ground. Shakur's entourage, as well as Knight and his followers assisted in beating down Anderson. The fight was captured on the hotel's video surveillance. A few weeks earlier, Anderson and a group of Crips robbed a member of Death Row's entourage in a Foot Locker store, precipitating Shakur's onset. After the brawl, Shakur went to rendezvous with Knight to go to Death Row-owned Club 662 (now known as restaurant/club Seven). He rode in Knight's 1996 black BMW 750i sedan as part of a larger convoy with some of Shakur's friends, Outlawz, and bodyguards. After arriving on the scene, police and paramedics took Knight and a fatally wounded Shakur to the University Medical Center. According to an interview with one of Shakur's closest friends and music video director Gobi, while at the hospital, he received news from a Death Row marketing employee that the shooters had called the record label and were sending death threats aimed at Shakur, claiming that they were going there to \"\"finish him off\"\"."
},
{
"docid": "D345814#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Supporting_Actor_in_a_Comedy_Series\nPrimetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series Awarded for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series Country United States Presented by Academy of Television Arts & Sciences First awarded 1954Currently held by Alec Baldwin, Saturday Night Live ( 2017)Website emmys .com This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series. In early Primetime Emmy Award ceremonies, the supporting categories were not always genre, or even gender, specific. Beginning with the 22nd Primetime Emmy Awards, supporting actors in comedy have competed alone. However, these comedic performances often included actors from miniseries, telefilms, and guest performers competing against main cast competitors. Such instances are marked below:# – Indicates a performance in a Miniseries or Television film, prior to the category's creation.§ – Indicates a performance as a guest performer, prior to the category's creation. Contents [ hide ]1 Winners and nominations1.1 1950s1.2 1960s1.3 1970s1.4 1980s1.5 1990s1.6 2000s1.7 2010s2 Superlatives3 Multiple awards4 Multiple nominations5 Notes6 See also7 References Winners and nominations [ edit]1950s [ edit]Year Actor Role Program Network1953 – 1954 (6th) [note 1]Art Carney Ed Norton The Jackie Gleason Show CBSBen Alexander Officer Frank Smith Dragnet NBCWilliam Frawley Fred Mertz I Love Lucy CBSTony Randall Harvey Weskitt Mister Peepers NBCCarl Reiner Various Characters Your Show of Shows1954 – 1955 (7th) [note 1]Art Carney Ed Norton The Jackie Gleason Show CBSBen Alexander Officer Frank Smith Dragnet NBCDon De Fore Thorny The Adventures of Ozzie & Harriet ABCWilliam Frawley Fred Mertz I Love Lucy CBSGale Gordon Osgood Conklin Our Miss Brooks1955 – 1956 (8th) [note 1]Art Carney Ed Norton The Honeymooners CBSEd Begley, Sr. # Andy Sloane Patterns NBCWilliam Frawley Fred Mertz I Love Lucy CBSCarl Reiner Various Characters Caesar's Hour NBCCyril Ritchard # Mr. Darling / Captain Hook Peter Pan1956 – 1957 (9th) [note 1]Carl Reiner Various Characters Caesar's Hour NBCArt Carney Ed Norton The Jackie Gleason Show CBSPaul Ford Col. John T. Hall The Phil Silvers Show William Frawley Fred Mertz I Love Lucy Ed Wynn # Army Requiem for a Heavyweight1957 – 1958 (10th) [note 1]Carl Reiner Various Characters Caesar's Hour NBCPaul Ford Col. John T. Hall The Phil Silvers Show CBSWilliam Frawley Fred Mertz I Love Lucy Louis Nye Various Characters The Steve Allen Show NBCDennis Weaver Chester Goode Gunsmoke CBS1958 – 1959 (11th)Tom Poston Various Characters The Steve Allen Show NBCRichard Crenna Luke Mc Coy The Real Mc Coys ABCPaul Ford Col. John T. Hall The Phil Silvers Show CBSMaurice Gosfield Pvt."
},
{
"docid": "D3220861#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/When-George-OMalley-was-killed-on-Greys-Anatomy-was-that-really-T-R-Knight-in-John-Doe-makeup\nWhen George O'Malley was killed on Grey's Anatomy, was that really T.R. Knight in John Doe makeup?",
"text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (TV series)When George O'Malley was killed on Grey's Anatomy, was that really T. R. Knight in John Doe makeup?1 Answer Joel Barkus, GA Fanatic; 12 Seasons and counting! : DUpdated Nov 29, 2015 · Author has 377 answers and 607.4k answer views In season 5 yes, in season 6 no. This is because of contractual reasons - once you, an actor, is done with the series, it's over (until you're asked back). I went onto Twitter and asked the actor who played Dr George O'Malley, T. R. Knight, himself if it was him. He did not respond but I did get a reply from @littlebambi007 who was kind enough to share this with me. Patient “John Doe” by T. R. Knight after being... The three pictures show George as John Doe and the middle picture is his makeup design. In the season six premier T. R. Knight was not the person on the table, I cannot recall who [the actor] was but I know it wasn't him - because of how contracts and the TV system works; new season, new start. P. S. Littlebambi007 is a huge fan of T. R. Knight, and the links I've provided are to the Twitter page, and Tumblr page which are dedicated to him.20k Views · View Upvoters · Answer requested by Kishore Perera Kochedath Perera Your response is private. Is this answer still relevant and up to date? Related Questions Why did they kill off Derek on Greys Anatomy?"
},
{
"docid": "D1007487#0",
"title": "https://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/\nTim Berners-Lee",
"text": "\"Contents See also Short biography Before you mail me Address Talks, articles etc Speaking engagements Press interviews Longer Biography Research at MIT-CSAILTalks Design Issues: web architecture World Wide Web Consortium Frequently Asked Questions Kids' Questionsblog Weaving the Web - the book Tim Berners-Lee Biography Sir Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989. He is the Director of the World Wide Web Consortium ( W3C ), a Web standards organization founded in 1994 which develops interoperable technologies (specifications, guidelines, software, and tools) to lead the Web to its full potential. He is a Director of the World Wide Web Foundation which was launched in 2009 to coordinate efforts to further the potential of the Web to benefit humanity. A graduate of Oxford University, Sir Tim invented the Web while at CERN , the European Particle Physics Laboratory, in 1989. He wrote the first web client and server in 1990. His specifications of URIs, HTTP and HTML were refined as Web technology spread. He is the 3Com Founders Professor of Engineering in the School of Engineering with a joint appointment in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Laboratory for Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence ( CSAIL ) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) where he co-leads the Decentralized Information Group (DIG) . He is also a Professor in the Computer Science Department at the University of Oxford, UK. He is President of and founded the Open Data Institute in London. In 2011 he was named to the Board of Trustees of the Ford Foundation, a globally oriented private foundation with the mission of advancing human welfare."
}
] |
619791
|
what did tesla's first remote control look like
|
[
{
"docid": "D1207391#0",
"title": "http://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/repurposed-inventions/history-of-remote-control.htm\nWhat is the history of the remote control?",
"text": "\"NEXTEssential Gadgets Image Gallery So many buttons, so little time. Remote controls have revolutionized the way we use our many technologies, but they can be overwhelming, too. See more essential gadget pictures . Walker and Walker/ Getty Images Remote controls are one of the most ubiquitous symbols of our modern technologies. Serious electronics connoisseurs might have a dozen remotes scattered on their coffee tables for their entertainment system; even your friends who are less fond of electronics likely have a handful of remotes at their disposal, controlling everything from TVs and air conditioners to car door locks. And of course, all of us probably have at least one or two remotes permanently lost amid an army of dust bunnies under the couch. Although remotes are most closely linked to television control in popular culture, these devices actually predate TV. In fact, remote controls are an invention born in the 1800s. Renowned Serbian-American inventor Nikola Tesla created one of the world's first wireless remote controls, which he unveiled at Madison Square Garden in New York City in 1898. He called his fledgling system, which could be used to control a range of mechanical contraptions, a \"\"teleautomaton.\"\""
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1708834#0",
"title": "http://www.biography.com/people/nikola-tesla-9504443#!\nNikola Tesla Biography",
"text": "\"Quick Facts Name Nikola Tesla Occupation Engineer, Inventor Birth Datec. July 10, 1856Death Date January 7, 1943Did You Know? Tesla designed the alternating-current (AC) electric system, which is still the predominant electrical system used across the world today. Did You Know? Tesla also created the \"\"Tesla coil,\"\" which is still used in radio technology. Did You Know? Tesla and Thomas Edison grew to be fierce competitors, but in the end, Edison had the upper hand during their lifetimes. Education The Polytechnic Institute (Graz, Austria), University of Prague, Realschule, Karlstadt (renamed Johann-Rudolph-Glauber Realschule Karlstadt)Place of Birth Smiljan, Croatia Place of Death New York, New York Cite This Page IN THESE GROUPSFamous People Who Died in New York Famous U. S. Immigrants Famous The Polytechnic Institute (Graz, Austria) Alumni Famous People Who Made Scientific Discoveries Show All Groupsquotes“Our virtues and our failings are inseparable, like force and matter. When they separate, man is no more. ”—Nikola Tesla Nikola Tesla Biography Engineer, Inventor (c. 1856–1943)43.5KSHARESInventor Nikola Tesla contributed to the development of the alternating-current electrical system that's widely used today and discovered the rotating magnetic field (the basis of most AC machinery)."
},
{
"docid": "D2472733#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/Why-is-a-Range-Rover-so-expensive\nWhy is a Range Rover so expensive?",
"text": "\"Range Rover Land Rover (car company) Sport Utility Vehicles (SUVs) Cars and Automobiles Why is a Range Rover so expensive?ad by Truthfinder Did you know your driving history is public? Truthfinder.com exposes driving histories of Americans. Enter your name to see what is posted. Read More at truthfinder.com17 Answers Jason Lancaster, I'm the editor of Accurate Auto Advice.com Answered Sep 11 2012 · Author has 1.2k answers and 5m answer views While there are certainly expensive components and technology found in your average Range Rover, the asking price is mostly a function of high fixed costs and low volume. Consider: 1. It costs about $1 to $1.5 billion dollars to develop a powertrain and get it approved for sale. This cost includes everything from drawing up plans to tooling to emissions testing, and everything in between. 2. A modern auto manufacturing plant costs $800 million (on the low end) and has a shelf life of 30 years or so before major renovations are needed. 3."
},
{
"docid": "D400364#0",
"title": "http://www.investopedia.com/articles/active-trading/072115/what-makes-teslas-business-model-different.asp\nWhat Makes Tesla's Business Model Different?",
"text": "\"The market for fully electric vehicles is growing. Some reasons behind the growth include new regulations on safety and vehicle emissions, technological advances, and shifting customer needs and expectations. But much of the mainstream acceptance and excitement for electric cars can be traced back to Tesla Motors Inc ( TSLA ). In this article we review Tesla’s business model and how it differs from traditional automobile manufacturers. ( Read more in The Story Behind Tesla's Success)Tesla founder and CEO Elon Musk launched the company with the mission, “to accelerate the advent of sustainable transport by bringing compelling mass market electric cars to market as soon as possible.” This mission has served as the backbone to Tesla’s very successful business model. ( Read more in Getting To Know Business Models)In the Beginning Tesla took a unique approach to getting its first vehicle in the market. Instead of trying to build a relatively affordable car that it could mass produce and market, it took the opposite approach, focusing instead of creating a compelling car. In a post on Tesla's website, CEO Elon Musk said this about the company's mission, “If we could have [mass marketed] our first product, we would have, but that was simply impossible to achieve for a startup company that had never built a car and that had one technology iteration and no economies of scale. Our first product was going to be expensive no matter what it looked like, so we decided to build a sports car, as that seemed like it had the best chance of being competitive with its gasoline alternatives.”"
},
{
"docid": "D2572608#0",
"title": "http://teslaradio.com/pages/tesla.htm\nTESLA ON GLOBAL WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSMISSION FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND OTHER PURPOSES",
"text": "\"<<< Back TESLA ON GLOBAL WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSMISSION FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND OTHER PURPOSESWith Additional Comments by Henry Bradford and Gary Peterson Atmospheric Conduction Method Energy Transmission By Means of a Spherical Conductor Transmission Line With an Upper Half-space Return Circuit. Tesla's ideas about electrical conduction through the \"\"natural media\"\" fall into two categories: closed circuit and open circuit. [ Henry Bradford]In 1932 journalist John J. O’Neill conducted an interview with Tesla in which he talked about the difference between the wireless transmission of electric energy using what Mr. Bradford describes as either “closed circuit” or “open circuit” principles. I also asked him if he is still at work on the project which he inaugurated in the '90's of transmitting power wirelessly anywhere on earth. He is at work on it, he said, and it could be put into operation. . . . He at that time announced two principles which could be used in this project. In one the ionizing of the upper air would make it as good a conductor of electricity as a metal. In the other the power is transmitted by creating \"\"standing waves\"\" in the earth by charging the earth with a giant electrical oscillator that would make the earth vibrate electrically in the same way a bell vibrates mechanically when it is struck with a hammer. \"\" I do not use the plan involving the conductivity of the upper strata of the air,\"\" he said, \"\"but I use the conductivity of the earth itself, and in this I need no wires to send electrical energy to any part of the globe.\"\" [“ Tesla Cosmic Ray Motor May Transmit Power 'Round’ Earth,” Brooklyn Eagle, July 10, 1932. ]"
},
{
"docid": "D614535#0",
"title": "https://www.edmunds.com/tesla/model-s/2013/long-term-road-test/maintenance.html\n2013 Tesla Model S Long-Term Road Test",
"text": "\"2013 Tesla Model S Long-Term Road Test Full Review Pricing & Specs Road Tests Comparison Long-Term New Updates Comfort Introduction Miscellaneous MPGWrap-Up Maintenance Back to All Long-Term Vehicles2013 Tesla Model S: Drive Unit IV: The Milling July 08, 2014Just a few days after his epic, cross-country Supercharger-fueled road trip in our 2013 Tesla Model S, Dan Edmunds, director of vehicle testing, sent me the following text:\"\"It should go in for a post-trip check-up tomorrow, after I wash it. We started to hear a noise in the last 500 miles. And those new tires should be rotated too. \"\" Dan and Kurt are preparing a full update on their trip for publication in a few days. They made it there in record time, breaking Tesla's own cross-country run by several hours. We let them sleep for a while when they got back but they are now working on photos and such. Dan later told me about an error message he saw on the car's touchscreen: \"\"Bluetooth not functioning correctly, needs service. \"\" We were going to begin the process of selling the car, so it was important to have these things sorted out before listing it. I sent an email to my manager, letting her know this would take up most of my day and quipped, \"\"It'll probably need a new touchscreen and drive unit. \"\" Turns out, I wasn't too far off."
},
{
"docid": "D2319055#0",
"title": "http://free-energy.ws/nikola-tesla/\nNikola Tesla",
"text": "Nikola Tesla was a multi-disciplinary genius. His discovery of the rotating magnetic field in 1882 led to a series of US Patents in 1888, which gave us the AC electric power system still in use today. This one achievement earned him the honor of being called “The Man Who Invented the 20th Century”. But his research went way beyond what has found its way into everyday use. He is the recognized inventor of the brushless AC induction motor, radio, remote control by radio, super-conductivity, fluorescent lighting, the bladeless turbine engine and pump, the capacitor discharge ignition system for automobile engines, the mechanical oscillator, and dozens of other inventions. But he also discovered that useful energy could be extracted from the heat of the ambient air, and that electric power in the form of Radiant Energy could be broadcast to everyone in the world through the ground. In his masterful article The Problem of Increasing Human Energy, first published in Century Illustrated Magazine in June 1900, Tesla discusses the “energy situation” like never before. After discussing every known method of gathering energy from the Natural World, Tesla departs into the unknown. His first discussion is about a machine that can gather heat from the ambient air. He calls it a “Self-acting Engine” since it could run indefinitely from the solar energy stored in the air."
},
{
"docid": "D1207393#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_did_Nikola_Tesla_invented_the_remote_control\nWhere did Nikola Tesla invented the remote control?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society Society and Civilization Famous People Scientists Nikola Tesla Where did Nikola Tesla invented the remote control? Flag Where did Nikola Tesla invented the remote control? Answer by Jorge Quinones Confidence votes 39.2KThere are things that interest me. History covers them all. Since the ancient history to the life of Scientist Nikola Tesla. At the Electrical Exhibition of 1898, Tesla demostrated something beyond the limits of technology. His remote control, patent No. 613,809 (1898) was shown there. This inventions was made in the US. Tesla was living in New York.15 people found this useful Was this answer useful?"
},
{
"docid": "D3177161#0",
"title": "https://cleantechnica.com/2015/05/07/tesla-powerwall-price-vs-battery-storage-competitor-prices-residential-utility-scale/\nTesla Powerwall Price vs Battery Storage Competitor Prices (Residential & Utility-Scale)",
"text": "\"Tesla Powerwall Price vs Battery Storage Competitor Prices (Residential & Utility-Scale)Twitter Google+ Linked In Pinterest May 7th, 2015 by Zachary Shahan Update #3 (May 10): As some readers and interviewed company executives have noted, the best way to compare Tesla’s battery storage products to others on the market is not simply via a $/k Wh of capacity figure, but via a $/k Wh of electricity generated (over the lifetime of the product) figure or a levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) comparison. So, a few Clean Technica readers and I have put together the following, more useful article: Tesla Powerwall & Powerblocks Per-k Wh Lifetime Prices vs Aquion Energy, Eos Energy, & Imergy Aside from the bit at the end about battery recycling, I’d recommend simply skipping this article and reading the one linked above. Update #2 (May 8): I’ve removed the table comparing the Powerwall to lithium-ion batteries on the German market, and discussion about it, because there seemed to be too many differences in the products, making comparison illogical or even incorrect with regard to some of the specifics, including cost. I also added the paragraph before “Tesla Powerwall vs US Home Storage Competitors (Price/k Wh and warranty).” A similar problem existed with comparison to the Balqon product, so it has been removed from the remaining table. Update: I should have also noted that Solar City has reportedly quoted $7,140 for an outright purchase of the Powerwall and $5,000 for a 9-year lease (some say that is for the 7 k Wh, some say the 10 k Wh, but I’m mostly seeing it in connection to the 7 k Wh one). This is presumably for installation and all, but Solar City is not offering this until 2016. [ Full Disclosure: I’m long TSLA. However, I’m quite confident that doesn’t influence what information I present and what I write. As I have been for the past several years, I’m digging into these matters to better understand them, as I assume any unbiased researcher would do."
},
{
"docid": "D862587#0",
"title": "https://www.newdawnmagazine.com/articles/tesla-vs-einstein-the-ether-the-birth-of-the-new-physics\nTesla vs. Einstein: The Ether & the Birth of the New Physics",
"text": "Tesla vs. Einstein: The Ether & the Birth of the New Physics May 11, 2012 By davidjones By MARC J. SEIFER —Nikola Tesla (1856-1943) was an electrical inventor, well known as a competitor of arch rival Tom Edison. Where Edison’s inventions include the light bulb, the microphone in the telephone and the phonograph, Tesla’s inventions include fluorescent lighting, the AC hydroelectric power system and wireless communication. Tesla is therefore mostly billed as an inventor. The fact is, Tesla was also a physicist who studied in college such courses as analytic geometry, experimental physics and higher mathematics. 1 In his early 1890s lectures at Columbia University, the Chicago World’s Fair and at Royal Societies in Paris and London, building on the ideas of Isaac Newton and Lord Kelvin, Tesla demonstrated and discussed the structure of atoms as being similar to solar systems and wave-like and particle-like aspects to what later became known as the photon. Colleagues he lectured before and corresponded with included many Nobel Prize winners like Wilhelm Roentgen, J. J. Thompson, Lord Raleigh, Ernst Rutherford and Robert Millikan and other scientists such as Elmer Sperry, Sir William Crookes, Sir Oliver Lodge, Lord Kelvin, Heinreich Hertz and Hermann von Helmholtz. As far as I know, no standard text on the history of physics mentions Tesla even though these ideas would lead to Nobel Prizes when they were further developed by Rutherford and Bohr (with their solar-system description of the atom with electrons orbiting the nucleus) and Einstein’s discovery of the photoelectric effect, which was equivalent to Tesla’s wave and particle-like description of light. However, another idea which Tesla discussed was abandoned by modern physicists, and that was the concept of the all pervasive ether. This led to a number of key differences between Tesla’s view of the world as compared to that of Albert Einstein (1879-1955). Tesla disagreed with the findings of Einstein’s Theory of Relativity in a number of ways."
},
{
"docid": "D2047391#0",
"title": "https://www.tesla.com/presskit/autopilot\nTesla Press Information",
"text": "\"Find detailed information about Tesla vehicles and technology Jump to Roadster, Semi, Model 3, Model S, Model X, Autopilot, Charging, Energy Products, or Gigafactory Roadster Link to press kit here. Jump to Roadster, Semi, Model 3, Model S, Model X, Autopilot, Charging, Energy Products, or Gigafactory Semi The Tesla Semi will deliver a far better experience for truck drivers, while increasing safety and significantly reducing the cost of cargo transport. Unrivaled Performance Without a trailer, the Tesla Semi achieves 0-60 mph in five seconds, compared to 15 seconds in a comparable diesel truck. It does 0-60 mph in 20 seconds with a full 80,000-pound load, a task that takes a diesel truck about a minute. Most notably for truck drivers and other travelers on the road, it climbs 5% grades at a steady 65 mph, whereas a diesel truck maxes out at 45 mph on a 5% grade. The Tesla Semi requires no shifting or clutching for smooth acceleration and deceleration, and its regenerative braking recovers 98% of kinetic energy to the battery, giving it a basically infinite brake life. Overall, the Semi is more responsive, covers more miles than a diesel truck in the same amount of time, and more safely integrates with passenger car traffic. Driver Experience Unlike other trucks, the Semi’s cabin is designed specifically around the driver, featuring unobstructed stairs for easier entry and exit, full standing room inside, and a centered driver position for optimal visibility. Two touchscreen displays positioned symmetrically on both sides of the driver provide easy access to navigation, blind spot monitoring and electronic data logging. Built-in connectivity integrates directly with a fleet’s management system to support routing and scheduling, and remote monitoring."
},
{
"docid": "D3066471#0",
"title": "http://cleantechnica.com/2015/02/21/tesla-home-battery-way/\nTesla Home Battery On The Way",
"text": "\"Tesla Home Battery On The Way Twitter Google+ Linked In Pinterest February 21st, 2015 by Zachary Shahan One of the biggest statements on Tesla’s last quarterly conference call was that it would be unveiling a battery storage system for home use within 1–2 months. I know that several competing energy storage companies are watching closely to see what the details (especially price) end up being… while surely also being a bit envious at how easily Tesla gets press and big stories in the biggest media outlets. But, with presumably the lowest-cost lithium-ion batteries on the EV market and a track record of wonderful products and business practices, no one can say that’s not at least a bit warranted. Still, I’m super eager to find out how Tesla’s upcoming battery competes. We shared the Solar Love story below in a couple of roundup posts this week, but I know many of you didn’t see that. ( Meticulously scan those roundup posts! We’re cutting our reposting of content a great deal these days.) To make more of you aware of this big story, here’s what I wrote last week: We’re gonna unveil the Tesla home battery, or consumer battery, that will be for use in people’s houses or businesses, fairly soon. We have the design done, and it should start going into production probably in about six months or so. We’re trying to figure out a date to have the product unveiling — it’s probably in the next month or two."
},
{
"docid": "D281998#0",
"title": "http://www.collective-evolution.com/2013/10/06/sleep-paralysis-spiritual-experience-or-hallucinations/\nHave You Ever Woken Up In The Middle of Night Paralyzed? Youâre Not Alone",
"text": "Next Story Have You Ever Woken Up In The Middle of Night Paralyzed? You’re Not Alone Arjun Walia October 6, 2013Share on Facebook Share on Twitter We're creating viewer supported news. Become a member!I'm in!How many of you have ever woken up unable to speak or move? If you have, you are not alone.advertisement - learn more This phenomenon is called sleep paralysis. It may last a few seconds, several moments, or much longer, and usually occurs right before you are about to fall asleep or wake up. Many people report feeling a “presence” that is often described as malevolent, threatening, or evil, and often feel terrified while it’s happening. The presence can be seen, felt, and even heard. People also report unique experiences like the sensation of floating or being outside the body. They believe the phenomenon to be an extremely spiritual one. In the modern medical world, these experiences are defined as hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations (0), which is often the explanation when modern views of spiritual experience are combined with medical ideas that label them as psycho-pathological."
},
{
"docid": "D2637578#0",
"title": "http://altered-states.net/barry/tesla/\n.",
"text": "\"TESLA, Nikola (1856-1943), electrical inventor. Tesla was famous at the turn of the century for inventing the alternating current system still in use today. But his later inventions, documented in some 30 U. S. patents between 1890 and 1921, have never been utilized as Tesla intended despite their obvious potential for advancing in fundamental ways the technology of modern civilization. Among these lost inventions: the disk-turbine rotary engine, the Tesla coil, electric energy magnifier, high-frequency lighting systems, the magnifying transmitter, wireless power, and the free-energy receiver. Born Yugoslavia, 1856. Educated at the polytechnic school at Graz and at University of Prague. Worked as telephone engineer in Prague and Paris. Conceived new type of electric motor having no commutator, as direct current. motors have, but works on principle of rotating magnetic field produced by poly phase alternating currents. Constructed prototype."
},
{
"docid": "D377522#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-controlled_model\nRadio-controlled model",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( December 2008) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)1:10 scale radio-controlled car ( Saab Sonett II)A radio-controlled model (or RC model) is a model that is steerable with the use of radio control. All types of model vehicles have had RC systems installed in them, including cars, boats, planes, and even helicopters and scale railway locomotives. Contents [ hide ]1 History2 Design3 Mass production3.1 Hobby grade RC4 Types4.1 Aircraft4.2 Tanks4.3 Cars4.4 Logistic4.5 Helicopters4.6 Boats4.7 Submarines4.8 Combat robotics5 Power5.1 Internal combustion5.2 Electrical6 See also7 References8 External links History [ edit]In 1898, Tesla demonstrated a radio-controlled boat ( U. S. Patent 613,809 — Method of an Apparatus for Controlling Mechanism of Moving Vehicle or Vehicles ). Radio control has been around since Nikola Tesla demonstrated a remote control boat in 1898. World War II saw increased development in radio control technology. The Luftwaffe used controllable winged bombs for targeting Allied ships. During the 1930s the Good brothers Bill and Walt pioneered vacuum tube based control units for R/C hobby use."
},
{
"docid": "D1878719#0",
"title": "http://onetesla.com/tesla-coil-faq\nWhat is a Tesla coil?",
"text": "Tesla Coils - Frequently Asked Questions What is a Tesla coil? A Tesla coil is a device that uses resonant circuits and alternating current to produce extremely high voltages. Originally invented by Nikola Tesla in the late 1800s, Tesla coils have progressed from spark-gap circuits to designs involving modern solid-state switching devices such as MOSFETs and IGBTs. While there are many types of Tesla coils, what they all have in common are air-cored induction coils. Using a Tesla coil is the best way to produce a continuous high-voltage streamer. Some Tesla coils can be modulated to play music using the lightning they produce. At first it can be hard to believe that sound is coming from the streamers themselves, but it’s true, there is no speaker attached to a singing Tesla coil!Note: A Tesla coil is not the same thing as a Van de Graaf generator, though they are sometimes confused because they are both popular methods of making high voltage. A Van de Graaf generator uses a rotating belt to separate charges between ground and a metal terminal. A Tesla coil does not accumulate static charge and is AC, not DC electricity. What can you do with a Tesla coil?"
},
{
"docid": "D1549233#0",
"title": "http://www.smashinglists.com/10-first-electricity-milestones/\n10 First Electricity Milestones",
"text": "10 First Electricity Milestones Posted by Smashing Lists 2 Comments Long before any knowledge of electricity existed people were aware of shocks from electric fish. Ancient Egyptian texts dating from 2750 BC referred to these fish as the “Thunderer of the Nile”, and described them as the “protectors” of all other fish. They were again reported millennia later by ancient Greek, Roman and Arabic naturalists and physicians. Several ancient writers, such as Pliny the Elder and Scribonius Largus, attested to the numbing effect of electric shocks delivered by catfish and torpedo rays, and knew that such shocks could travel along conducting objects. Patients suffering from ailments such as gout or headache were directed to touch electric fish in the hope that the powerful jolt might cure them. Possibly the earliest and nearest approach to the discovery of the identity of lightning, and electricity from any other source, is to be attributed to the Arabs, who before the 15th century had the Arabic word for lightning ( raad) applied to the electric ray.1. Discovery of Electricity (600 BC)Image: Thales from Miletus ( 620?- 540? B. C)Thales of Miletus was one of the first Greek thinkers, who started to considerate world’s microstructure. Thales was the first to notice static electricity around 600 BC. In 600 B. C. Thales of Miletus writes about amber becoming charged by rubbing – he was describing what we now call static electricity."
},
{
"docid": "D1207392#0",
"title": "http://www.pbs.org/tesla/ll/ll_robots.html\n.",
"text": "\"Tesla wanted an extraordinary way to demonstrate the potential of his system for wireless transmission of energy [radio]. In 1898, at an electrical exhibition in the recently completed Madison Square Garden, he made a demonstration of the world's first radio-controlled vessel. Everyone expected surprises from Tesla, but few were prepared for the sight of a small, odd-looking, iron-hulled boat scooting across an indoor pond (specially built for the display). The boat was equipped with, as Tesla described, \"\"a borrowed mind. \"\"\"\" When first shown... it created a sensation such as no other invention of mine has ever produced,\"\" wrote Tesla. As happened fairly often with his inventions, many of those present were unsure how to react, whether to laugh or take flight. He had cleverly devised a means of putting the audience at ease, encouraging onlookers to ask questions of the boat. For instance, in response to the question \"\"What is the cube root of 64?\"\" lights on the boat flashed four times. In an era when only a handful of people knew about radio waves, some thought that Tesla was controlling the small ship with his mind. In actuality, he was sending signals to the mechanism using a small box with control levers on the side."
},
{
"docid": "D1960387#0",
"title": "http://www.alliantenergykids.com/EnergyBasics/EnergyInventors/\n.",
"text": "\"Print Energy Inventors You've heard of Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Edison. Did you know there are hundreds of other inventors who helped the world understand how energy works? In fact, many energy words are named for the inventors who discovered them or first explained them. Take a look at these famous scientists to find out how they changed the world with their experiments!Benjamin Franklin Born: January 17, 1706Lived in: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Discovered: Positive and negative electrical charges, and that lightning is a form of electricity (the famous \"\"kite and key\"\" experiment). Invented: Lightning rod, Franklin stove, swimming fins, bifocal lenses for eyeglasses, odometer (which measures distance)Died: April 17, 1790Learn more about Benjamin Franklin Did you know? Benjamin Franklin was the first Postmaster General of the United States. He was also a founder of the University of Pennsylvania and started the first public library in America. James Watt Born: January 19, 1736Lived in: Glasgow, Scotland, and Birmingham, England Invented: An improved steam engine, which was a big part of the Industrial Revolution and made him a rich man. He also created the term \"\"horsepower\"\" to measure the power of an engine. Died: August 19, 1819Learn more about James Watt Did you know?"
},
{
"docid": "D1939730#0",
"title": "http://www.hybridcars.com/tesla-vs-the-auto-franchising-system-part-2-consumer-interests/\nTesla vs. The Auto Franchising System â Part 2, Consumer Interests",
"text": "As a consumer, you are a stakeholder. See also the Introduction and Part One. This is Part Two on what consumers stand to gain or lose. A Better Way? Tesla’s no-haggle, fixed price sales model has been seen as liberating, saving buyers the stress of negotiating lowest prices. Presented as a peoples’ choice by those who like the idea and want the option, cries of democracy and free market ideals have been wrapped around talking points in defense of Tesla’s alternative. We’ll touch on philosophical economic ideals as we go along, but for now, the fact is state lawmakers have established a time-honored third-party owned franchise system and some have barred Tesla from direct ownership of its retail stores and service centers. While Tesla is licensed in several states for its own stores, the National Auto Dealers Association says 29 states have statutory prohibition on factory franchise ownership. Beyond this, 48 have at least some form of restriction and supporters of the system are outspoken that laws are valid and should be upheld. Tesla CEO Elon Musk has suggested however they are archaic laws, a holdover needing to be changed where needs be."
},
{
"docid": "D1266930#0",
"title": "http://loveforlife.com.au/content/10/03/01/nikola-tesla-deathbed-confessions-photos-support-claims-george-h-scherff-jr-was-41s\nLove for Life",
"text": "\"Bibliotecapleyades.net Panacea Bocaf.org Nikola Tesla Recent evidence has surfacing detailing that Nikola Tesla was murdered the day after he was visited for an all-day interview with two secret service agents, Reinhardt Galen & Otto Skorzeny. After suffocating him, they stole all of Tesla’s blueprints & papers. Otto Skorzeny was Hitler’s bodyguard & also an assassin, one of the many Nazis who ex-filtrated to the USA after WWII, as part of Project Paperclip. Many of these Nazi scientists ended up working for NASA, the CIA, and other US secret services. Although he supposedly died in 1975, Skorzeny resurfaced in 1999. In a death-bed confession to the man who was dating his daughter, he revealed the identity of Tesla’s assistant, who was stealing from him. This man, he said, known as George Scherff Snr was none other than Prescott Bush – the father of the 41st President of the US, and grandfather of the current President. Interestingly, an article published in the Idaho Observer has since been removed - although several copies were made of it before it was taken offline. A copy of the article can be found here: Part 1: Deathbed confessions, photos support claims that George H. Scherf (f), Jr., was the 41st U. S. president By Don Nicoloff According to Otto Skorzeny, pictured is the Scherff family and a few friends (circa 1938). Holding “Mother\"\" Scherff’s hand at left is Martin Bormann."
}
] |
619794
|
what did that symbol prince used mean
|
[
{
"docid": "D463786#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_meaning_of_prince's_symbol\nWhat is the meaning of prince's symbol?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Entertainment & Arts Music Music Genres Pop Music Prince (musician) What is the meaning of prince's symbol? Flag What is the meaning of prince's symbol? Answer by Whonew Confidence votes 53It is to my understanding that the Symbol Prince used for awhile are the glyph symbols of Mars (male) and Venus (female) combined. Prince's symbol is also essentially identical to an alchemic symbol for the substance soapstone, with a circle added and the whole symbol rotated 135 degrees clockwise. This symbol may be found on page 74 of Signs, Symbols and Signets by Ernst Leher, Dover, 1969, a republication of the original 1950 work. The original sign includes the \"\"trumpet\"\" and scroll, as well as the cross-bar and spear head components.10 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No What do HIM symbols mean? If you're thinking about the \"\"Heartagram\"\". It basically means Love Metal, the genre of music the band 'Him' plays.. Love for Metal is another interpretation of it... Lindiwe Zulu 1 Contribution What is prince's ethnicity? Both of his parents are black (African-American)."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1610376#0",
"title": "http://characters.wikia.com/wiki/Cinderella_(Disney)\nCinderella (Disney)",
"text": "\"in: Pages that are underlinked, Disney characters, Walt Disney, and 13 more Cinderella (Disney)Edit Comments Share This article needs more links. Please improve this article by adding links that are relevant to the context within the existing article. ( November 2017)Cinderella is the main protagonist of Disney's 1950 animated feature film of the same name and its two sequels. She was voiced by Ilene Woods in the original film and currently by Jennifer Hale. She is the 2nd official Disney Princess. Contents [ show]Development The Disney version of the Cinderella was based on the protagonist of the French version of the tale by Charles Perrault, \"\" Cinderella \"\", written in 1698. tagalog Cinderella was animated by Marc Davis and Eric Larson, but the two animators did not have the same perception of the character, accentuating the elegance of Davis and Larson's opting for simplicity. As done with other Disney films, Walt Disney hired actress Helene Stanley to perform the live-action reference for Cinderella. She later was asked to do the same kind of work for the characters of Aurora in Sleeping Beauty and Anita Radcliffe in 101 Dalmatians . Voice A Dream Is A Wish Your Heart Makes (English)About 400 contestants auditioned for the role of Cinderella."
},
{
"docid": "D1777994#0",
"title": "http://songmeanings.com/songs/view/10471/\nPrince â Sometimes It Snows In April",
"text": "\"Prince – Sometimes It Snows In April17 Comments 0 Tags\"\"Sometimes It Snows In April\"\" as written by Prince Rogers Nelson, Lisa Coleman and Wendy Melvoin.... Read More... Edit Wiki Ah Ah Ah Oh, oh Do Um da da, ah Tracy died soon after a long fought civil war Just after I'd wiped away his last tear I guess he's better off than he was before A whole lot better off than the fools he left here I used to cry for Tracy 'cause he was my only friend Those kind of cars don't pass you every day I used to cry for Tracy 'cause I wanted to see him again But sometimes, sometimes life ain't always the way Sometimes it snows in April Sometimes I feel so bad, so bad Sometimes I wish life was never ending And all good things, they say, never last Springtime was always my favorite time of year A time for lovers holding hands in the rain Now springtime only reminds me of Tracy's tears Always cry for love, never cry for pain He used to say so strong, oh unafraid to die Unafraid of the death that left me hypnotized No, staring at his picture I realized No one could cry the way my Tracy cried Sometimes it snows in April Sometimes I feel so bad Sometimes, sometimes I wish that life was never ending And all good things, they say, never last I often dream of heaven and I know that Tracy's there I know that he has found another friend Maybe he's found the answer to all the April snow Maybe one day I'll see my Tracy again Sometimes it snows in April Sometimes I feel so bad, so bad Sometimes I wish that life was never ending But all good things, they say, never last All good things they say, never last And love, it isn't love until it's past Edit Lyrics Edit Wiki Add Video Lyrics submitted by Novartza\"\"Sometimes It Snows in April\"\" as written by Wendy Melvoin .prince Rogers Nelson Lyrics © Warner/Chappell Music, Inc., Universal Music Publishing Group Lyrics powered by Lyric Find Add your thoughts17 Comments View by: Highest Rated Most Recent Oldest First+2 General Comment Christ, it gets a whole new meaning now he die. Little C on April 21, 2016 Link No Replies Log in to reply+1 General Comment Anyone think that perhaps maybe it's got a much deeper meaning to it (other than being the song from the movie)? Old Skool Prince Fan on May 08, 2002 Link No Replies Log in to reply+1 General Comment It's definitely snowed April 2016. RIP Prince, you will be missed :'- ( Fast Lane100 on April 21, 2016 Link No Replies Log in to reply+1 General Comment This song is one of his many hidden gems. It's sad and captures a mood and a feeling in a unique way like he did so well. Anyone who has lived in the north knows how exciting it is when spring comes around . Sometimes it Snows in April captures a mood of profound sadness and disappointment. A more eloquent way of saying raining on the parade. Not sure what the reference is specifically about his friend Tracy but I think the main point is just that of profound sadness and life doesn't always play out how we would like. Prince had so many talents and being a great lyricist was one of them."
},
{
"docid": "D1760832#0",
"title": "http://www.bobjones.org/Docs/Prophetic%20Archives/2007_07_Basilisk.htm\n.",
"text": "\"The period identified as the “Basilisk” season is approaching and we once again want to reiterate the importance of this timeframe and the great need for consecration, repentance and prayer. In times past, we greatly emphasized Israel and her need for prayer covering and spiritual intervention. That emphasis continues. However, we perceive an equal prominence for our nation and the American Church and its need for extraordinary covering during this notable time. In 1999 we wrote in the “Basilisk” article that terrorism was not coming... it is already here. That threat remains real. Nonetheless, intercession can nullify those spiritual plans of the enemy both for Israel and our nation. In recent weeks, the Lord has given specific permission to call upon heaven for the release and activation of the mighty warring angels, including the distinguished archangel Michael. In the book of Daniel we see special significance on the role of Michael and the implementation of Heavenly plans here on the earth. Our vision and concentration is placed solely upon the Lord and His Holy Spirit."
},
{
"docid": "D2545301#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061204225138AAcDmku\nWhere did the Christmas tree tradition originate?",
"text": "\"Society & Culture Holidays Christmas Where did the Christmas tree tradition originate? What is christmas tree? Follow 7 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: the yule log in england Anonymous · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment G'day Aga, Thank you for your question. The Christmas tree actually is a German/Scandinavian tradition that predates Christianity. Trees were a sacred symbol in Roman mythology. The Christmas Tree was an adaption of pagan customs as happened elsewhere such as Christmas Day. The first recorded use of a decorated Christmas tree was in Riga, Latvia in 1510. Queen Victoria's husband Prince Albert brought it to the UK and it spread throughout the world. I have attached sources for your reference. Seasons regards Source (s): Wikipedia Christmas Tree http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_T... Riga Latvia http://www.firstchristmastree.com/ Christmas Tree history http://www.christmas-tree.com/where.html The History of the Christmas Tree http://www.christmasarchives.com/trees.htmlcremedelacreme04 · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment The tree is the one symbol that unites almost all the northern European winter solstices."
},
{
"docid": "D1916594#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Is_there_any_religious_symbolism_in_the_cardinal_bird_appearing_to_you\nIs there any religious symbolism in the cardinal bird appearing to you?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Religion & Spirituality Supernatural and the Occult Signs and Omens Is there any religious symbolism in the cardinal bird appearing to you? Flag Is there any religious symbolism in the cardinal bird appearing to you? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time.yes, there is religious symbolism in the cardinal bird appearing to you. The cardinal bird is symbolic of faith, so it comes to remind us to \"\"keep the faith\"\" though circumstances might look bleak, dark and hopeless. In addition, the cardinal bird also is symbolic of the blood od Christ, si it reminds us that we as believers are covered by the blood of Jesus.3 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Dodi Tov 275,915 Contributions Old ladies are dangerous. Always remember that. I'm an old lady. Follow the logic. What does a cardinal bird tattoo symbolize?"
},
{
"docid": "D3274400#0",
"title": "http://www.monachos.net/conversation/topic/5688-what-does-the-double-headed-eagle-symbolize/\nWhat does the double-headed eagle symbolize?",
"text": "\"Monachos.net Discussion Community → Topical Discussions → Doctrine and Theology → Tradition, Scripture, Intellect and Experience What does the double-headed eagle symbolize? Started by Christina M., Apr 19 2011 04:16 AMPlease log in to reply17 replies to this topic#1Christina M. Very Frequent Poster Members696 posts Posted 19 April 2011 - 04:16 AMI've seen this symbol frequently in different churches and monasteries, and I've always wondered what it meant. I've read one theory that it is a cryptic masonic symbol and shouldn't be used in church. What do you think about that? ( I personally don't buy that one, as the double-headed eagle can be seen in monasteries on the Holy Mountain.) Thanks for the replies. I wish everyone a blessed Holy Week!Report#2Paul Cowan Very Frequent Poster Members3,064 posts Orthodox Christian Member Posted 19 April 2011 - 04:21 AMEquality of the Church and the State is all I remember Report#3Kosta Very Frequent Poster Members1,521 posts Posted 19 April 2011 - 07:03 AMThe eagle was the symbol of the roman empire. Of course nowadays everyone uses an eagle as their symbol! America has the bald eagle, Albania is predominantly muslim (and atheist as well) yet they still have retained a doubleheaded eagle on their flag from the days of the byzantine empire. Basically from the time the roman empire adopted christianity it had two capitals; elder Rome and new Rome (Constantinople)."
},
{
"docid": "D2576496#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081204100528AAZUxKo\nWhat does Princes the (singer/artist) symbol stand for?",
"text": "\"Entertainment & Music Music R&B & Soul What does Princes the (singer/artist) symbol stand for? You know that symbol that he always sports on his guitar and stuff and on one of his albums called Love symbol he has it on the cover. Does anyone know like in depth the meaning of that symbol?1 following 11 answers Trending Now Tara Lipinski Tori Spelling Megyn Kelly Jarvis Landry Lung Cancer Resources BMW Sedan Martin Shkreli Light Meter Serena Williams Lenny Kravitz Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: It's the male and female symbols put together to mean Love. After he released the Love album, with the same symbol, he changed his name to that. I have heard (from some entertainment bio on tv) that he did this, in part, out of frustration with his contractual relationship with Warner Bros - as he felt his creativity was being stiffled, and \"\"Prince\"\" was a product to be sold, instead of who he was, so he changed it to the symbol to prove a point.maybeiknowtheanswer · 9 years ago2 1 Comment Prince Love Symbol Source (s):https://shrinks.im/a9fhzcuadras · 1 year ago0 0 Comment Prince Symbol Meaning Source (s):https://shrink.im/a0Ly6salamone · 1 year ago0 0 Comment This Site Might Help You. RE: What does Princes the (singer/artist) symbol stand for? You know that symbol that he always sports on his guitar and stuff and on one of his albums called Love symbol he has it on the cover. Does anyone know like in depth the meaning of that symbol? Source (s):princes singer artist symbol stand for: https://tr.im/Ra LBUAnonymous · 3 years ago0 1 Comment On his 35th birthday, he changed his name to an unpronounceable symbol, a mixture of the male in female signs combined with the alchemy symbol for soapstone. The media began referring to him as \"\"The Artist Formerly Known As Prince,\"\" or simply \"\"The Artist.\"\""
},
{
"docid": "D2315927#0",
"title": "http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2011/10/prince-bio-201110\nA Prince by Any Other Name",
"text": "Excerpt A Prince by Any Other Nameby Ronin Ro October 19, 2011 12:00 am Courtesy of St. Martin’s Press. The tail end of 1993 marked a crisis point for Prince and Warner Bros., the company that had made him a star: several months after the artist unveiled his unpronounceable new name , album sales were down and record execs were growing impatient. In an exclusive excerpt from the upcoming biography Prince: The Music and the Masks, author Ronin Ro tells the tale of how all of this calamity very nearly spelled the end of a decades-long partnership. Adapted from Prince: Inside the Music and the Masks, by Ronin Ro, to be published this month by St. Martin's Press; © 2011 by the author. He still owed Warner five albums. He could give them that much vault material whenever they wanted. Then, as , he could release new stuff on a smaller label. It’d be a dream come true, to finally release as much music as he created. “ I just wish I had some magic words I could say to Warner’s so it would work out. ”During one meeting, a Warner executive said, “We don’t want any more Prince albums."
},
{
"docid": "D2787670#0",
"title": "https://geeksided.com/2016/04/26/exactly-purple-rain/\nWhat exactly is âpurple rain?â",
"text": "Entertainment What exactly is “purple rain?”by Cole Little 1 year ago Tweet Share x Comment While it will remain a tough pill to swallow for quite some time that Prince passed away at only 57 years old, his incredible life and music should both be remembered with fondness. Perhaps the most talented pop musician to have ever graced a stage or a recording studio, Prince will remain an icon for as long as there is still music. There are many images and associations that come to mind when thinking of Prince. Some might think about his platform shoes and frilly shirts. Some might think about that symbol he changed his name to. Regardless of the specific images, there is likely one commonality associated with them: the color purple. Prince became a legend after releasing his most famous work, the 1984 album Purple Rain. The most famous song from the album, also entitled “Purple Rain,” became Prince’s most famous song, and the movie Purple Rain, a rock musical drama, became a cult classic. Therefore, the color purple became synonymous with the Purple One himself, Prince Rogers Nelson. RIP Prince -Purple Rain (Live) (solo guitar play)Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available."
},
{
"docid": "D1716374#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_nobility\nArmenian nobility",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search History of Armenia Etymology Timeline Traditional Urheimat Prehistory [show]Antiquity [show]Middle Ages [show]Early modern age [show]Modern age [show]Armenia portalv t e The Armenian nobility ( Armenian: Հայ ազնվականություն) was a class of persons which enjoyed certain privileges relative to other members of society under the laws and customs of various regimes of Armenia. Governments which recognized or conferred nobility were the Kingdom of Van (860-590 B. C.), Satrapy of Armenia (570-331 B. C.), ancient Kingdom of Armenia (331 B. C.-428 A. D.), Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia (885-1045) and the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (1198-1375). The Armenian kingdoms of Vanand (963-1065), Syunik (987-1170), and Lori (978-1113) had a system of nobility that was similar to the nobility of Cilicia. Contents [ hide ]1 Terminology2 Historical origins3 Institutions and structure3.1 Gahnamak3.2 Internal divisions3.3 Princely families3.3.1 Ancient Great Armenia3.3.2 Armenian Kingdom of Kilikia (Cilicia)3.3.3 Princely families of late medieval Armenia3.3.4 Melikdoms of Eastern Armenia3.3.5 18th century Armenia4 Fate and the present state5 Steps toward revival6 Bibliography7 References8 External links Terminology [ edit]Members of the upper class of medieval Armenian society were known as nakharars ( Armenian: նախարար) and azats ( Armenian: ազատ ), (also aznvakans ( Armenian: ազնվական )). The roots of Armenian nobility trace back to ancient tribal society, when the proto-Armenian tribes separated from the primordial Indo-European community and selected chieftain leaders for governing the community, defending territory and leading military campaigns against their enemies. These chieftains and leaders were usually the strongest members of the clans and tribes, who had become renowned for their strength, intelligence, and deeds. Thus, gradually the upper class of the Armenian society came into existence, namely that of the azats, also known as aznwakans or aznavurs. Translated from contemporary Armenian the word azat literally means \"\"the one who is free\"\", a \"\"freeman.\"\" However, this term is likely derived from the older Indo-European word \"\"yazata\"\", meaning \"\"the divine one\"\", \"\"offspring of gods\"\", \"\"the one who deserves to be worshipped\"\". Armenian noble clans traced their origins either back to the gods of the old Armenian religion or to the heroes and patriarchs of the Armenian people or the origins of non-Armenian families."
},
{
"docid": "D1921908#0",
"title": "http://www.fivedoves.com/letters/sep2011/jimmyl95-2.htm\n.",
"text": "The Gospel in the Stars: Part 1By J. R. Church on July 17, 2011Long before men perverted the message of the constellations and established ancient idolatry, God named the stars and set them in the heavens for signs:“And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years” (Genesis 1:14). The book of Job predates the writing of Genesis. Though it is part of the Bible, it was written about a man who lived before Moses. Job had no written Bible. The Bible this ancient pilgrim read consisted of a series of constellations that appeared in the night skies high above the earth. There are references to these constellations in the book of Job, along with an explanation of why they appear as they do in the heavens. Job 26 tells us that the “crooked serpent” is one of God’s leading characters in this drama of the ages and that these constellations — these “pillars of heaven” — make up the “parts” of God’s “ways”:“The pillars of heaven tremble and are astonished at his reproof. “By his spirit he hath garnished the heavens; his hand hath formed the crooked serpent.“ Lo, these are parts of his ways … (Job 26:11,13-14). These verses explain that the constellations were devised to teach early man about God’s plan for redemption."
},
{
"docid": "D3427175#0",
"title": "http://www.johnpratt.com/items/docs/lds/meridian/2010/luther.html\nThe Prophetic Dream That Saved Martin Luther",
"text": "\"The Prophetic Dream That Saved Martin Lutherby John P. Pratt Reprinted from Meridian Magazine (14 Jul 2010). ©2010 by John P. Pratt. All rights Reserved. Index, Home Contents1. John Huss1.1 Root Problem1.2 The Prophecy1.3 The Date of the Martyrdom1.4 Total Solar Eclipse2. Martin Luther2.1 Frederick's Dream2.2 Luther's Birth Date2.3 Enoch's Birth Date3. Conclusion Notes As the early reformer John Huss was about to be burned at the stake, he prophesied of Martin Luther. Both the date of that prophecy and of Luther's birth appear to be significant. Martin Luther There were many great reformers during the Renaissance in Europe. They compared the scriptures to their church's teachings and discovered significant problems."
},
{
"docid": "D497237#0",
"title": "http://www.contactmusic.com/prince\nPrince",
"text": "Contactmusic > Prince Prince Follow Prince Prince Quick Links News Pictures Video Film Music Press Festival Comments Quotes RSSBiography Prince was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to John L. Nelson and Matti Shaw in June of 1958. His father was a songwriter and his mother was a jazz singer. He sadly passed away on 21st April 2016. As a child, Prince was nicknamed Skippy, and he suffered from epilepsy. He had a troubled childhood after his parents separated and he went to live with the family of Andre Cymone, who would later become his bass player. Music Career: Prince started out his music career writing lyrics for his friend Pepe Willie's band 94 East. Prince's first major label solo album came in 1978, and was entitled For You. Prince had compiled his first backing band by 1979, consisting of Andre Cymone, Dez Dickerson, Gayle Chapman, Bobby Z and Doctor Fink. The intentionally multi-racial line-up was inspired by the band put together by Sly Stone, another of Prince's influences. The second solo album was simply entitled Prince and he performed 'I Wanna Be Your Lover' and 'Why You Wanna Treat Me So Bad?'"
},
{
"docid": "D3389891#0",
"title": "https://gnosticwarrior.com/trident.html\nSymbol of the Trident",
"text": "\"Symbol of the Tridentby Moe | Mar 27, 2014 | Meaning of Symbols, Meaning of Words | 6 Comments Share 52 Tweet +1 Pin 1 Share53Three brethren are we and sons of Kronos, whom Rhea bare: Zeus and myself, and Hades is the third, the ruler of the folk in the underworld. - Poseidon says in Homer's Iliad (xv)The symbol of the 3 forked Trident had originated in ancient Greek mythology where it was first applied as the symbol of Neptune who is also known as Poseidon. Neptune (Poseidon) is known as the god of the sea who travels the world with his war chariot or seahorses, and he holds sovereign sway over the world armed with his three-forked trident. With his mighty trident, he had caused earthquakes and deluges and holds a 3-fold power over heaven, the earth, and hell. The meaning of the name trident or the Indian Trisula is \"\"three-toothed, three- pronged; and as a noun, a three-pronged spear or fork.\"\" Often when you see the symbol of the Trident today, it is usually represented by a three-pronged fork symbolizing power and the holy number three (3), or more appropriately, 3 in 1. The number 3 is significant not only in the symbol of the Trident and God Neptune, but also in creation of the universe and our man made world that mimics the AS ABOVE, SO BELOW and AS WITHIN, SO WITHOUT. The number 3 is one of the most important numbers in our world. It represents the trinity , unity, opposition and the beginning, middle and end. The creation of our world dividing time into morning, noon, evening, with the past, the present, and the future."
},
{
"docid": "D2447003#0",
"title": "http://arcade.stanford.edu/rofl/indivisibility-sovereignty\nOn the Indivisibility of Sovereignty",
"text": "On the Indivisibility of Sovereignty Author: Jens Bartelson Volume 2, Issue 2Download PDFThe indivisibility of sovereignty Indivisibility has long been among the defining characteristics of sovereignty. As Hans J. Morgenthau once stated this point, “sovereignty over the same territory cannot reside simultaneously in two different authorities, that is, sovereignty is indivisible.” [ 1] Sovereignty cannot be divided without ceasing to be sovereignty proper, and precisely this quality of being indivisible distinguishes sovereign authority from other forms of political power. Dividing sovereignty between two or more authorities within a given state would therefore be to dissolve that state into parts. The indivisibility of sovereignty is thus a necessary condition of the unity of the state. But although indivisibility has long been regarded a necessary attribute of sovereignty, scholars have equally long argued that this requirement does not correspond to empirical facts and, therefore, ought to be abandoned in favor of conceptions that are more closely aligned to political reality. In modern times, sovereignty has almost invariably been internally divided between different authorities, and externally it has been constantly compromised through contractual and other means. [ 2] From this contention it has been a short step to argue that the very notion of indivisibility is a main obstacle to redefinitions of sovereignty that hopefully could make better sense of those numerous instances in which sovereignty has been de facto divided within or between polities. [ 3] Still other critics of sovereignty have pointed to its undesirable normative implications. Indivisible sovereignty not only turns the state into a bounded and exclusive moral community but also renders its legal authority exceptional in the sense that it necessarily will lack a foundation outside itself."
},
{
"docid": "D480196#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_was_Prince_Prospero's_plan_to_escape_the_red_death\nHow do you escape death?",
"text": "Vladimir Tempest 23 Contributions How do you escape death?you dont Answer The expression 'Escape Death' is usually applied to an event that would normally result in death but you were lucky and survived. Answer Th …Kathy2468 19 Contributions Is death escapable? Because all life must die, only death by certain illnesses is preventable. Is Prince Prospero insane in the Masque of the Red Death? No. Prospero is however, sadistic.. He revels in testing peoples resolve, and learning their true natures. He also applies the proper scorn and wrath to those who 'fail' his …What are the character traits of Prince Prospero in the Masque of the Red Death?self centered and a coward The Masque of the Red Death Would you like to have the prince as a friend?no How does Prince Prospero die in The Masque of the Red Death? Pospero came at the masked figure with a dagger in rapid impetuosity. But instead of Prosero killing the masked figure. The masked figure killed Prospero."
},
{
"docid": "D153604#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_(musician)\nPrince (musician)",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Prince Prince performing in April 2008Born Prince Rogers Nelson June 7, 1958 Minneapolis, Minnesota, U. S. Died April 21, 2016 (aged 57) Chanhassen, Minnesota, U. S. Other namesƬ̵̬̊ (\"\"Love Symbol\"\") Alexander Nevermind The Artist The Artist Formerly Known as Prince (TAFKAP) Camille Christopher Tracy Jamie Starr Joey Coco Tora Tora The Kid Occupation Singer songwritermusician record produceractor director Years active 1975–2016Spouse (s) Mayte Garcia ( m. 1996; div. 2000)Manuela Testolini ( m. 2001; div. 2006)Children 1Relatives John L. Nelson (father)Tyka Nelson (sister)Musical career Genres Pop funk rock R&B soul Minneapolis sound Instruments Vocals guitar keyboardspiano bass drums Labels Warner Bros. Paisley Park NPG EMI Columbia Arista Universal Associated acts94 East The Time Vanity 6The Revolution The Family Wendy & Lisa Mazarati Sheena Easton Sheila E. Madhouse The New Power Generation Chaka Khan3rdeyegirl Website officialprincemusic .com Prince Rogers Nelson (June 7, 1958 – April 21, 2016) was an American singer, songwriter, musician, record producer, actor, and director. Born and raised in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Prince was known for his electric work, flamboyant stage presence, extravagant fashion sense and use of makeup, and wide vocal range. His innovative music integrated a wide variety of styles, including funk, rock, R&B, new wave, soul, psychedelia, and pop. He sold over 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time. [ 1] He won eight Grammy Awards, [2] six American Music Awards, [3] a Golden Globe Award, [4] and an Academy Award for the 1984 film Purple Rain. [ 5] He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004. [ 6]Prince developed an interest in music as a young child and wrote his first song at the age of seven. [ 7] He signed a recording contract with Warner Bros. Records at the age of 17, and released his debut album For You in 1978."
},
{
"docid": "D3063776#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_main_idea_does_poe_convey_in_the_masque_of_the_red_death\nWhat main idea does poe convey in the masque of the red death?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Literature & Language Languages and Cultures English Language Literary Devices and Figures of Speech Symbolism and Symbolic Meanings What main idea does poe convey in the masque of the red death? Flag What main idea does poe convey in the masque of the red death? Answer by Jorge Quinones Confidence votes 39.3KThere are things that interest me. History covers them all. Since the ancient history to the life of Scientist Nikola Tesla. A disease known as the Red Death plagues the fictional country where this tale is set, and it causes its victims to die quickly and gruesomely. Even though this disease is spreading rampantly, the prince, Prospero, feels happy and hopeful. He decides to lock the gates of his palace in order to fend off the plague, ignoring the illness ravaging the land. After several months, he throws a fancy masquerade ball. For this celebration, he decorates the rooms of his house in single colors."
},
{
"docid": "D2257088#0",
"title": "http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/english/melani/cs6/belle.html\n.",
"text": "\"The Title Keats took the title from a poem by the medieval poet, Alain Cartier. It means, the beautiful woman without mercy. General Comments\"\"La Belle Dame sans Merci\"\" seems easy to understand at the narrative level. An unidentified passerby asks the knight what is wrong (stanzas I-III). The knight answers that he has been in love with and abandoned by a beautiful lady (stanzas IV-XII). Because Keats is imitating the folk ballad, he uses simple language, focuses on one event, provides minimal details about the characters, and makes no judgments. Some details are realistic and familiar, others are unearthly and strange. As a result, the poem creates a sense of mystery which has intrigued many readers. The poem has also puzzled most readers. What does the poem mean?"
},
{
"docid": "D2409822#0",
"title": "http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/symbols/cross_1.shtml\nThe cross",
"text": "\"The cross By Michael Symmons Roberts Last updated 2011-09-12Michael Symmons Roberts investigates the meaning of the Christian cross and hears from those who have discovered its power in their own lives. On this page Introduction The ubiquitous cross Multifarious The cross in modern art Reinventing the cross Find out more Print this page Introduction Cross at Cape Kamenjack, Istria, Croatia. Photo: Florian Frühstück ©Paradoxically a symbol of suffering and defeat but also of triumph and salvation, the cross is the universal Christian symbol, acknowledged by all denominations as the single visual identifier of their faith. While Good Friday marks the Passion of Christ and his crucifixion, Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Christians also reflect on the cross as a symbol of salvation with the feast of The Triumph of the Cross on 14th September. Here Michael Symmons Roberts discusses the cross as ubiquitous symbol. The ubiquitous cross Take a pen and place the nib at the top of a piece of paper, in the middle, where the title might go. Draw a vertical line down to the foot of the page. Then draw a horizontal line about two-thirds of the way up the vertical, from edge to edge of the paper. This simple geometric shape is one of the most powerful symbols in the world. You can't get away from it."
}
] |
619796
|
what did the 12th amendment do
|
[
{
"docid": "D2873886#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_12th_amendment_do\nWho thought of the 12th amendment?",
"text": "Who thought of the 12th amendment?in 1224. of course every1 knos that Blueperls 73 Contributions Why was the 12th amendment made? I've done a little bit of research on this question, which is very interesting. And I just want to state that I am not an expert, by any means, but here is what I've gleaned …Why was the 12th amendment created?it was created to see who would be president and vice president Sweems 5 Contributions What does the 12th amendment require? It requires the electors to vote on seperate sheets of paper. What does the 12th amendment say? ( Ratified July 27, 1804). The Electors shall meet in their respective States and vote by ballot for President and Vice President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhab …What is 12th amendment? The 12th Amendment outlines the procedures for the election of the President and Vice-President. This amendment was ratified on June15, 1804."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D507948#0",
"title": "http://www.floppingaces.net/2016/08/07/signs-that-hillary-clinton-is-mentally-ill/\nSigns that Hillary Clinton is mentally ill",
"text": "\"Signs that Hillary Clinton is mentally ill By Dr John 98 Comments Sun, Aug, 7th, 2016136SHARES349VIEWSThis number shows the total pageviews since publishing of the article Facebook Twitter Two years ago I told you that Hillary has brain damage and how it could lead to early dementia.. Then soon after I mentioned it again. In March I revisited the issue, noting that there is something very wrong with Clinton. Clinton’s comments of late reignite the argument that there is really something wrong with her mentally. She referred to Donald Trump as her husband: Hillary Clinton calling Trump her husband Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 0:13Then she promised to raise taxes on the middle class: Hillary Clinton admits she will raise taxes on the MIDDLE CLASSYour browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 0:42Then she on multiple occasions asserted that the FBI found her email lies to be “truthful. ”Clinton Again Claims FBI Called Her Public Statements “Truthful”Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 0:12Hillary Clinton Lies Again About FBI Calling Her \"\"Truthful\"\"Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 2:02The truth? She’s a liar."
},
{
"docid": "D3176192#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_was_the_12th_amendment_passed\nWhy was the 12th amendment passed?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society Politics and Government US Constitution Flag Share In US Constitution Why was the 12th amendment passed? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. Due to the election of 1796 between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. Originally the second place candidate was to be Vice President. However it proposed a problem for Thomas Jefferson had different political ideas than John Adams and he could not get anything done.8 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No What did the 12th amendment do?12th Amendment - Ratified June 15,1804 Changed the way the President and Vice President are elected. The 12th Amendment means: - separate ballots are used for presid …What is 12th amendment? The 12th Amendment outlines the procedures for the election of the President and Vice-President. This amendment was ratified on June15, 1804. What does the 12th constitutional amendment mean?"
},
{
"docid": "D486106#0",
"title": "https://www.usconstitution.net/constkids4.html\nU.S. Constitution",
"text": "\"This file is intended for students in grades 4 through 7. Other versions of this page are available: The Constitution for Kids: Kindergarten through 3rd Grade The Constitution for Kids: 8th through 12th Grade Pictures of the Constitution The main site Want to change this page's colors? Choose a new skin!If you have any questions about any words or ideas on this page, please ask your parents or teachers for help. Understanding the Constitution is important for all Americans, even kids!If there is anything that could be improved on this page, please let the Webmaster know!The Constitution is the base for all laws in the United States. The Basics The Constitution is the highest law in the United States. All other laws come from the Constitution. It says how the government works. It creates the Presidency. It creates the Congress. It creates the Supreme Court."
},
{
"docid": "D2799575#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_amendment_of_the_Constitution_banned_alcohol_in_the_United_States\nWhat is the 12th amendment to the constitution of the United States?",
"text": "Jonathan Levene 1 Contribution What is the 12th amendment to the constitution of the United States? The 12th amendment requires separate electoral ballots for thepresident and vice president. This was created because, during theelection of 1800 Thomas Jefferson & Aaron burr …What is amendment nineteen of the united state Constitution? Amendment 19 extends the right to vote to women. JPaganel 5,933 Contributions What is the first amendment to the United States Constitution? Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the righ …Animalmos 35 Contributions How can an amendment to the United States constitution be repealed? BY PASSING ANOTHER AMENDMENT REPEALING THE FIRST ONE. Take a look at the 21st Amendment repealing Prohibition. What amendment banned alcohol from the US?18Kirahung 51 Contributions Which amendment banned alcoholic drinks? The 18th amendment; the Volestead Act JPaganel 5,933 Contributions What is the 6th Amendment to the United States Constitution?"
},
{
"docid": "D2768303#0",
"title": "http://www.lawyermarkjones.com/evidence/\nHow to Exclude Evidence in a Criminal Case by Columbus Ga Lawyer Mark Jones",
"text": "February 9, 2014 by admin Blog 0 comments How to Exclude Evidence in a Criminal Case by Columbus Ga Lawyer Mark Jones“I’d like to thank the Alimighty God, without whom no case gets tossed.” – Al Pacino, Carlito’s Way Clients I represent as a lawyer in Columbus, Georgia who are charged with crimes often ask, “how are we going to defend the case?” “ What are we gonna do? These are serious charges.” In trying to assuage the concerns of my clients, I often talk about the two primary vehicles whereby I attack the prosecutor’s case. Motion Practice is the Primary Procedural Device of the Criminal Defense Lawyer The primary procedural mechanism for defending a criminal case is through motion practice. Namely, the exclusion of evidence under the case law developed interpreting the United State’s Constitution’s guarantees in the 4th Amendment (no unreasonable search and seizures), 5th amendment (no self-incrimination), and 6th Amendments (speedy trial, compulsory process, nature of charges, assistance of counsel, and confrontation of witnesses against the defendant). These guarantees apply to the states via the 14th Amendment’s Due Process Clause. That’s all fine and dandy, but unless you’ve been to law school or are just a history buff, none of that makes any sense. Practically speaking, evidence is excluded through two types of motions: A Motion in Limine; or A Motion to Suppress These two types of motions are distinct, but they do have some overlap and they are sometimes confused as the same concept."
},
{
"docid": "D3229954#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_12th_amendment_accomplish\nWho thought of the 12th amendment?",
"text": "Who thought of the 12th amendment?in 1224. of course every1 knos that Blueperls 73 Contributions Why was the 12th amendment made? I've done a little bit of research on this question, which is very interesting. And I just want to state that I am not an expert, by any means, but here is what I've gleaned …Why was the 12th amendment created?it was created to see who would be president and vice president What did the 12th amendment do?12th Amendment - Ratified June 15,1804 Changed the way the President and Vice President are elected. The 12th Amendment means: - separate ballots are used for presid …Sweems 5 Contributions What does the 12th amendment require? It requires the electors to vote on seperate sheets of paper. What does the 12th amendment say? ( Ratified July 27, 1804). The Electors shall meet in their respective States and vote by ballot for President and Vice President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhab …What is 12th amendment? The 12th Amendment outlines the procedures for the election of the President and Vice-President."
},
{
"docid": "D2120751#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_12th_amendment_to_the_constitution_of_the_United_States\nWhat is the 12th amendment to the constitution of the United States?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society Politics and Government US Constitution What is the 12th amendment to the constitution of the United States? Flag What is the 12th amendment to the constitution of the United States? Answer by Jonathan Levene Confidence votes 97The 12th amendment requires separate electoral ballots for the president and vice president. This was created because, during the election of 1800 Thomas Jefferson & Aaron burr were going against the federalists, Jefferson & burr won, but they each received 73 electoral votes and the house of representatives had to re vote 35 times until on the 36th ballot Jefferson won. This happened because during that time the 2 people that got the highest votes were president and vice president, even if they were in different political parties. The Twelfth Amendment (Amendment XII) to the United States Constitution provides the procedure by which the President and Vice President are elected. It replaced the procedure of the Electoral College under Article II, Section 1, Clause 3, which demonstrated problems in the elections of 1796 and 1800. The Twelfth Amendment was proposed by the Congress on December 9, 1803 and was ratified by the requisite number of state legislatures on June 15, 1804. The Twelfth Amendment (1804) corrects a problem that has arisen in the method of electing the president and vice president. This amendment provides for the Electoral College to use separate ballots in voting for president and vice president.52 people found this useful Was this answer useful?"
},
{
"docid": "D3427522#0",
"title": "http://blog.constitutioncenter.org/2014/06/what-happens-when-no-one-wins-a-presidential-election-2/\nWhat happens when no one wins a presidential election?",
"text": "What happens when no one wins a presidential election? June 15, 2017 by Scott Bomboy We don’t talk a lot about the 12 th Amendment at the National Constitution Center, but this week marks a milestone that is an important part of the Constitution: The amendment allows Congress to settle disputed presidential elections. The 12th Amendment was ratified on June 15, 1804, when New Hampshire became the 13th state to agree to add the amendment to the Constitution. It resolved a huge problem with the Constitution’s original provision for electing a president and vice president that led to the bitter 1800 election between Thomas Jefferson and John Adams, which left Jefferson in an election tie—with his own running mate, Aaron Burr. Article II, Section 1, of the Constitution required electors in states to cast two ballots. There wasn’t a separate vote for vice president, and it was up to the political parties to coordinate among their electors to make sure vice presidential candidates had at least one fewer electoral vote than presidential candidates. The Federalist Party did just that, making sure one elector voted for John Jay and ensuring that Adams had the most votes from his party. Jefferson wasn’t as attentive, leaving him in a tie with Burr in 1800. The contingent runoff election between Jefferson and Burr was a true constitutional crisis. Jefferson ultimately won the House election on the 36 th ballot after a week of voting."
},
{
"docid": "D396132#0",
"title": "http://www.pbs.org/tpt/constitution-usa-peter-sagal/rights/\nRights",
"text": "\"Rights What is a right, and where does it come from? A right is a power or privilege that is recognized by tradition or law. Natural or human rights are inherent to human nature; they are not given by government, but neither does government always protect them. Legal rights are those recognized by government, but they can often be taken away as easily as they are given. Throughout U. S. history, many Americans have sought to protect natural rights with law. Indeed, rights form the core of the American experience. As noted by the Commission on the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution: “America has always been about rights. . . . While many nations are based on a shared language or ethnic heritage, Americans have made rights the foundation of their national identity. ”Play Video Show Captions Mute Hide Controls Related Videos Play Video Again Little Women Official Trailer Dolores Dolores - Trailer The Child in Time Trailer Play Video Again Problems with CC? Return to Video CONSTITUTION USA WITH PETER SAGALRights... have we gone too far?"
},
{
"docid": "D2523297#0",
"title": "http://study.com/academy/lesson/12th-amendment-summary-definition-quiz.html\n12th Amendment: Summary & Definition",
"text": "Instructor: Adam Richards Adam has a master's degree in history. Add to 6,547 views Like this lesson Share The United States electoral system had significant shortcomings. Learn how the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution addressed and revamped the original presidential electoral system. A New Electoral System The Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution was introduced solely as a much needed upgrade to the presidential and vice presidential electoral system. The presidential elections of 1796 and 1800 proved the original system to be severely flawed. Therefore, Congress, on December 9, 1803, pursued a measure that would simplify the system and strengthen its results. Let's analyze the original electoral system and its inherent imperfections. Elections Prior to the Twelfth Amendment Article II, Section 1, Clause 3 of the Constitution provided the original framework for the electoral system. This clause provided that each elector was granted two votes. The elector may vote for any two listed candidates as long as both candidates did not reside within the same state (this was a preventative measure to avoid specific states from becoming too powerful)."
},
{
"docid": "D2583299#0",
"title": "https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/8143/what-happens-if-a-president-elect-changes-his-her-mind\nWhat happens if a president-elect changes his/her mind?",
"text": "\"_Politics Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for people interested in governments, policies, and political processes. Join them; it only takes a minute: Sign up Here's how it works: Anybody can ask a question Anybody can answer The best answers are voted up and rise to the top What happens if a president-elect changes his/her mind?up vote11down votefavorite Let's say it's December 10th, 2016 and Joe Smith has just been elected president, but since the election he has decided he no longer wants to be president. In January 2017, who would be inaugurated instead of him?united-states presidentshare improve this questionasked Apr 24 '15 at 18:21Chris Loonam249 1 2 92Do you have any reason to believe this would be different from just a resignation? Given that it hasn't happened before, all we can do is find the closest situation. – Avi Apr 24 '15 at 22:50@Avi You can't \"\"resign\"\" from the president-electhood, because it's not an office. The 20th Amendment doesn't mention a president refusing to take office, just if they die or if they fail to qualify (but there are different outcomes depending on which one happens; if they die the VP becomes President, if they don't qualify the VP is only acting). It's also not clear if refusing to take the oath is \"\"not qualified\"\" as president or if they still technically become president (but exercising presidential powers requires taking the oath), and in the latter case the 25th Amendment might apply. – cpast Apr 25 '15 at 17:274The real answer is, of course, \"\"the vice president-elect will become president, by some legal machinery or other,\"\" but it's at least conceivable the House of Representatives could select someone else to be president (especially if the president-elect renounces their citizenship and is thus not qualified to be president). – cpast Apr 25 '15 at 17:30add a comment3 Answers active oldest votesup vote15down vote There are no laws, Constitutional or otherwise, to directly address this situation. The easy answer would be for him to take office and then immediately resign, breaking William Henry Harrison's record of 32 days for shortest Presidential term, and triggering the already-tested resignation process."
},
{
"docid": "D2404569#0",
"title": "http://thisnation.com/constitution-facts.html\n.",
"text": "\"Order of Ratification State Date Vote Delaware 7 December 1787 (Unanimous)Pennsylvania 12 December 1787 (46-23)New Jersey 18 December 1787 (Unanimous)Georgia 2 January 1788 (Unanimous)Connecticut 9 January 1788 (128-40)Massachusetts 7 February 1788 (187-168)Maryland 28 April 1788 (63-11)South Carolina 23 May 1788 (149-73)New Hampshire 21 June 1788 (57-47)Virginia 26 June 1788 (89-79)New York 24 July 1788 (30-27)North Carolina 21 November 1789 (194-77)Rhode Island 29 May 1790 (34-32)Amendments to the United States Constitution The Bill of Rights First 10 and the 27th Amendment Scope of Federal Government Power 11th and 16th Amendments Federal Elections & Terms 12th, 17th, 20th, 22nd, and 25th Amendments Civil War Amendments 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments Suffrage Amendments 15th, 19th, 23rd, 24th and 26th Amendments Prohibition 18th and 21st Amendments Some information taken from: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PERTAINING TO THE CONSTITUTION by Sol Bloom National Archives and Records Administration http://www.nara.gov/exhall/charters/constitution/conqa.html Q. Where and when did the deputies to the Constitutional Convention assemble? A. In Philadelphia, in the State House where the Declaration of Independence was signed. The meeting was called for May 14, 1787, but a quorum was not present until May 25. Q. Was Thomas Jefferson a member of the Constitutional Convention A. No. Jefferson was American Minister to France at the time of the Constitutional Convention. Q. What did Thomas Jefferson have to do with framing the Constitution? A. Although absent from the Constitutional Convention and during the period of ratification, Jefferson rendered no inconsiderable service to the cause of Constitutional Government, for it was partly through his insistence that the Bill of Rights, consisting of the first ten amendments, was adopted. Q. How long did it take to frame the Constitution? A. It was drafted in fewer than one hundred working days. Q. Who presented the Virginia Plan?"
},
{
"docid": "D223093#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081017150914AAcGQBK\nWhat does the 12th amendment mean?",
"text": "Education & Reference Words & Wordplay What does the 12th amendment mean?1 following 3 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: 12th Amendment - Ratified June 15,1804 Changed the way the President and Vice President are elected. The 12th Amendment means: - separate ballots are used for president and vice president. - the candidates with the greatest number of votes for each office will be elected if that number constitutes a majority of the total electors. - if a majority for the president is lacking, the House of Representatives shall vote by state from among the three highest candidates. - if a majority for the vice president is lacking, the Senate shall vote by state from among the two highest candidates - the vice president must meet the same constitutional requirements as provided for the president. Source (s):http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h468.ht... Elizabeth · 10 years ago4 0 Comment The Twelfth Amendment (Amendment XII) to the United States Constitution provides the procedure by which the President and Vice President are elected. It replaced the procedure under Article II, Section 1, Clause 3, which demonstrated problems in the elections of 1796 and 1800. The Twelfth Amendment was proposed by the Congress on December 9, 1803 and was ratified by the requisite number of state legislatures on June 15, 1804. More info here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelfth_Ame... Source (s):http://en.wikipedia.org Jon · 10 years ago2 0 Comment12 Amendment Source (s):https://shrinks.im/a7Vc I? · 1 year ago0 0 Comment12th Amendment Source (s):https://shorte.im/ba7y R? ·"
},
{
"docid": "D1484796#0",
"title": "http://constitution.laws.com/american-history/constitution/constitutional-amendments/12th-amendment\nUnderstanding the 12th Amendment",
"text": "Understanding the 12th Amendment Understanding the 12th Amendment Share The Twelfth Constitutional Amendment provides for one of the most important provisions in the United States Constitution and is one of the Amendments that would change how the United States Government would be shaped and select its leaders. The Twelfth Amendment was introduced by Congress on December 9th, 1803, and ratified by the states on June 15th, 1804. This Constitutional Amendment would provide for the process in which the President and Vice-President of the United States would be elected, creating what is now known as the Electoral College. Though there was already a procedure in place to elect the President and Vice-President, the original proved to have some fallacies which were made apparent in the 1796 and 1800 elections. Prior to the inclusion of the Twelfth Amendment, the procedure called for each elector to cast two votes, and those two votes could not be for two people within the State of residency of said elector. If one person received the majority of votes, that person would win the election. If more than one would receive the majority of votes, it would be up to the House of Representatives to choose one of those individuals to become President. If no majority could be determined, the House would choose from five individuals with the most electoral votes. The Vice-President would be chosen by appointing the person with the second highest number of electoral votes with the position. The majority of votes was not required for becoming Vice-President."
},
{
"docid": "D1673831#0",
"title": "http://www.usconstitution.net/constkids4.html\nU.S. Constitution",
"text": "\"This file is intended for students in grades 4 through 7. Other versions of this page are available: The Constitution for Kids: Kindergarten through 3rd Grade The Constitution for Kids: 8th through 12th Grade Pictures of the Constitution The main site Want to change this page's colors? Choose a new skin!If you have any questions about any words or ideas on this page, please ask your parents or teachers for help. Understanding the Constitution is important for all Americans, even kids!If there is anything that could be improved on this page, please let the Webmaster know!The Constitution is the base for all laws in the United States. The Basics The Constitution is the highest law in the United States. All other laws come from the Constitution. It says how the government works. It creates the Presidency. It creates the Congress. It creates the Supreme Court."
},
{
"docid": "D1677721#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabuk,_Kalinga\nTabuk, Kalinga",
"text": "\"Tabuk, Kalinga From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Tabuk Component City City of Tabuk Cathedral of the Episcopal Church in the Philippines, Tabuk City Seal Map of Kalinga with Tabuk highlighted Tabuk Location within the Philippines Coordinates: 17°27′00″N 121°27′30″ECoordinates: 17°27′00″N 121°27′30″ECountry Philippines Region Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)Province Kalinga District Lone District Founded June 16, 1950Cityhood June 23, 2007 (Lost cityhood in 2008 and 2010)Affirmed Cityhood February 15, 2011Barangays 42 (see Barangays)Government [1]• Type Sangguniang Panlungsod• Mayor Ferdinand B. Tubban• Electorate 54,971 voters ( 2016)Area [2]• Total 700.25 km 2 (270.37 sq mi)Population (2015 census) [3]• Total 110,642• Density 160/km 2 (410/sq mi)Time zone PST ( UTC+8)ZIP code 3800PSGC 143213000IDD: area code +63 (0)74Climate type tropical rainforest climate Income class 5th city income class Website www .tabuk .gov .ph Tabuk, ( Ilokano: Siudad ti Tabuk ), officially the City of Tabuk, or simply referred to as Tabuk City, is a 5th class city and capital of the province of Kalinga, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 110,642 people. [ 3]Tabuk City is 461 kilometres (286 mi) from Manila via Cauayan/Roxas and 443 kilometres (275 mi) via San Mateo/Roxas. Contents [ hide ]1 History1.1 Cityhood2 Barangays3 Demographics4 Languages5 References6 External links History [ edit]The former municipal district of Tabuk was transformed into a regular municipality by Republic Act No. 533, approved June 16, 1950. [ 4]Cityhood [ edit]During the 11th Congress (1998–2001), Congress enacted into law 33 bills converting 33 municipalities into cities. However, Congress did not act on a further 24 bills converting 24 other municipalities into cities. During the 12th Congress (2001–2004), Congress enacted into law Republic Act No. 9009 (RA 9009), which took effect on 30 June 2001. RA 9009 amended Section 450 of the Local Government Code by increasing the annual income requirement for conversion of a municipality into a city from ₱20 million to ₱100 million."
},
{
"docid": "D2693425#0",
"title": "https://usconstitution.net/constamnotes.html\nNotes on the Amendments",
"text": "\"Quick Links: FAQ Topics Forums Documents Timeline Kids Vermont Constitution Map Citation Notes on the Amendments Advertisement Each Amendment to the Constitution came about for a reason — to overrule a Supreme Court decision, to force a societal change, or to revise the details of the Constitution. This page will give an overview of how each Amendment came to be. The process for adopting an amendment is outlined elsewhere, as is the ratification history of each Amendment. A list of failed amendments is also available. Quick links: Bill of Rights (1-10) , 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th. The Bill of Rights (Amendments 1 through 10) As noted on the Constitutional Convention Topic Page, several delegates to the convention refused to sign the newly drafted constitution because it did not include a bill of rights. Bills of rights were typically parts of the constitutions of the several states of the day (and today), placed there to ensure that certain rights were recognized by the government. Most of the delegates did not feel such a bill was necessary, and other may have been on the fence but were weary from the months of negotiations. The lack of a bill of rights was one of the main arguments that Anti-Federalists used to try to convince the public to reject the Constitution. But the need for change was all too evident, and it was not rejected."
},
{
"docid": "D2428142#0",
"title": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2015/09/18/bill-clinton-for-vice-president/\nBill Clinton for Vice President?",
"text": "Bill Clinton takes the stage at the 2015 Starkey Hearing Foundation So The World May Hear Gala at the St. Paul River Centre in July in St. Paul, Minn. (Adam Bettcher/Getty Images for the Starkey Hearing Foundation)Last week, there was some talk of whether Hillary Clinton could pick Bill Clinton as her vice presidential candidate. I doubt that the talk was serious, but the legal issue is interesting: Can someone who has served two terms as president nonetheless be appointed vice president? The question is not new: William F. Buckley reportedly floated the idea of a Goldwater/Eisenhower ticket in 1964. And it turns out to be surprisingly complicated. Here are the relevant constitutional provisions, in relevant part: The Twelfth Amendment: “ [N]o person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States. ”The Twenty-Second Amendment: “No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice ….”Article II, § 1, cl. 4: “No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States, at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty five years, and been fourteen Years a resident within the United States. ”The question, then, is this: Does “constitutionally ineligible to the office of President” mean (A) “constitutionally barred from being elected to the office of President,” or (B) “constitutionally barred from serving in the office of President”? If it means option A — if “eligible” is roughly synonymous, for elected offices, with “electable” — then Bill Clinton would be ineligible to the office of president because of the 22nd Amendment, and thus ineligible to the office of vice president because of the 12th Amendment. On the other hand, if “eligible” means simply “constitutionally barred from serving,” then the 22nd Amendment doesn’t speak to whether Bill Clinton is eligible for the office of president, since it only says that he may not be elected to that office."
},
{
"docid": "D2192915#0",
"title": "http://www.revolutionary-war-and-beyond.com/7th-amendment.html\nThe 7th Amendment",
"text": "\"The 7th Amendment The 7th Amendment to the United States Constitution is part of the original Ten Amendments to the Constitution e nacted by th e First Congress. The 7th Amendment guarantees an accused person of the right to have a trial by jury in most civil cases and also guarantees that facts decided by those juries cannot be reexamined at a later date. Th e right to trial by jury is one of the most frequently mentioned rights in the Bill of Rights - the First Ten Amendments to the United States Constitution. It was clearly very important to America's Founding Fathers to be mentioned so many times. The 7th Amendment protects this right in most civil cases. The 7th Amendment reads like this:\"\"In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. \"\" Purpose of the 7th Amendment The 7th Amendment was included in the Bill of Rights for several basic reasons. The American colonists had just endured a period of not being allowed jury trials by the British government. This grievance was mentioned by Thomas Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence . The British Crown had created separate courts for the colonists that did not allow juries to decide the cases."
},
{
"docid": "D400265#0",
"title": "http://www.justanswer.com/tax/1elw9-long-does-irs-pay-refund-amended-return.html\nWhat is the amended tax return processing time?",
"text": "What is the amended tax return processing time? How long does IRS have to pay a refund on an amended return? I have contacted the National Tax Payers Advocate and received different answers. The problem is that it has been five months now since I filed an amended return for a refund and we have had no communication from the IRS. It just sits in examination for review since April, 22, 2008 with no activity or release for payment. How much time do they have before they have to make a payment? Share this conversation Answered in 19 minutes by: 9/4/2008Tax Professional: Marvin,EAMarvin,EA, Enrolled Agent Category: Tax Satisfied Customers: 1,672Experience: Enrolled to Represent Taxpayers Before The IRSVerified In general, a taxpayer may file a claim for refund within three years from the time the refund was filed, or within two years from the time the tax was paid, whichever is later. If you filed your 2007 tax return by April 15, 2008 you have until April, 15 2011 to file an amended return for tax year 2007. Ask Your Own Tax Question Generally, if you file a return through the mail, you can typically expect your refund to be sent within 6 to 8 weeks of your return being received. However, that general time frame applies to returns being filed for the current tax year."
}
] |
619799
|
what did the 1601 poor law act do
|
[
{
"docid": "D153450#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_for_the_Relief_of_the_Poor_1601\nAct for the Relief of the Poor 1601",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Old Poor Law\"\" redirects here. For the Old Poor Law of Scotland between 1574-1845, see Old Scottish Poor Law. The Poor Relief Act 1601 [1]Parliament of England Long title An Acte for the Releife of the Poore. [ 2]Citation 43 Eliz 1 c 2Territorial extent England and Wales Status: Repealed The Poor Relief Act 1601 (43 Eliz 1 c 2) was an Act of the Parliament of England. The Act for the Relief of the Poor 1601, popularly known as the Elizabethan Poor Law, \"\"43rd Elizabeth\"\" [3] or the Old Poor Law [4] was passed in 1601 and created a poor law system for England and Wales. [ 5]It formalised earlier practices of poor relief distribution in England and Wales [6] and is generally considered a refinement of the Act for the Relief of the Poor 1597 that established Overseers of the Poor. [ 7] The \"\"Old Poor Law\"\" was not one law but a collection of laws passed between the 16th and 18th centuries. The system's administrative unit was the parish. It was not a centralised government policy [6] but a law which made individual parishes responsible for Poor Law legislation. The 1601 act saw a move away from the more obvious forms of punishing paupers under the Tudor system towards methods of \"\"correction\"\"."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D3475682#0",
"title": "http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pascal/\nBlaise Pascal",
"text": "Blaise Pascal First published Tue Aug 21, 2007; substantive revision Mon Jun 22, 2015Pascal did not publish any philosophical works during his relatively brief lifetime. His status in French literature today is based primarily on the posthumous publication of a notebook in which he drafted or recorded ideas for a planned defence of Christianity, the Pensées de M. Pascal sur la religion et sur quelques autres sujets (1670). Nonetheless, his philosophical commitments can be gleaned from his contributions to scientific and theological debates in France in the mid-seventeenth century.1. Life and Works2. Nature and Grace3. Free Will4. Theory of Knowledge5. Ethics and Politics6. Pascal and Human Existence Bibliography Pascal's Works Related Early Works Recommended Secondary Literature Academic Tools Other Internet Resources Related Entries1. Life and Works Pascal was born in Clermont (now Clermont-Ferrand), France, on 19 June 1623, and died thirty-nine years later in Paris (19 August 1662)."
},
{
"docid": "D2646585#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_social_work\nHistory of social work",
"text": "\"History of social work From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Social work has its roots in the attempts of society at large to deal with the problem of poverty and inequality. Social work is intricately linked with the idea of charity work; but must be understood in broader terms. The concept of charity goes back to ancient times, and the practice of providing for the poor has roots in all major world religions, [1]Contents [ hide ]1 Pre-modern antecedents2 Modern development2.1 Poverty relief2.2 Private philanthropy2.3 Social action2.4 Further Development3 Medical Social Work4 State Welfare5 Today6 Links7 References Pre-modern antecedents [ edit]Even before the rise of modern European states, the church was providing social services. When Constantine I legalized the Christian Church in the 4th century, the newly legitimised church set up burial societies, poorhouses, homes for the aged, shelter for the homeless, hospitals, and orphanages. [ 2] [3] [4] These were often funded, at least in part, from grants from the Empire. [ 5]By 580 AD the church had a system for circulating consumables to the poor: associated with each parish was a diaconium or office of the deacon. Monasteries also often served as comprehensive social service agencies, acting as hospitals, homes for the aged, orphanages, travelers' aid stations. During the Middle Ages, the Christian church had vast influence on European society and charity was considered to be a responsibility and a sign of one’s piety. This charity was in the form of direct relief (for example, giving money, food, or other material goods to alleviate a particular need), as opposed to trying to change the root causes of poverty. As there was no effective bureaucracy below city government that was capable of large scale charitable activities, the clergy carried out this role until the Early Modern Period."
},
{
"docid": "D670816#0",
"title": "http://revenue.louisiana.gov/FAQ/QuestionsAndAnswers/1\nFrequently Asked Questions",
"text": "Frequently Asked Questions Collections Can I request a Penalty Waiver On-Line? No, penalty waivers cannot be submitted electronically at this time. To request a penalty waiver, taxpayers may download Form R-20128, Request for Waiver of Penalty for Delinquency, from the LDR Website and follow the instructions on the form. Note, Louisiana Administrative Code 61: III.2101. B provides that before a request for waiver of penalties can be considered, the taxpayer must be current in filing all tax returns, and all taxes, penalties not being considered for waiver, fees and interest due for any taxes/fees administered by the Louisiana Department of Revenue must be paid. Why do I owe penalty and interest if I filed an extension? An extension only extends the time to file the return, not the time to pay the tax due. Why did you change my filing frequency? The filing frequency was changed based on the amount of tax you reported for the past year. Taxpayers are notified of this change by mail."
},
{
"docid": "D2143241#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/4535040/chapter-21-absolute-monarchs-in-europe-flash-cards/\nChapter 21 Absolute Monarchs in Europe",
"text": "\"68 terms syoung7903Chapter 21 Absolute Monarchs in Europe World History Patterns of Interaction Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort**Philip II The son of Charles V was born and educated in Spain. He ruled Spain until his death. * Built a huge empire *Defended Catholicism *Fought against the Ottoman Empire *Sent the Spanish Armada to punish Protestant England. ** absolute monarch Englands form of government: A king or queen with complete authority over the government and people in a kingdom. ** Divine Right the idea that God created the monarchy and that the monarch acted as God's representative on Earth El Greco Spanish painter (born in Greece) remembered for his religious works characterized by elongated human forms and dramatic use of color (1541-1614)Diego Velazquez This artist was the artist of Philip IV's court in the 17th century. He is known for his realistic portraits of the royal family in Spain's Golden Age. Don Quixote published in 1605; \"\"birth of the modern European novel\"\"; author Miguel de Cervantes, wrote about a poor Spanish nobleman who went a little crazy after reading too many books about heroic knights**Causes of the weakening of the Spanish Empire 1) Inflation and Taxes 2) Making Spains Enemies Rich - Increased exports, huge debt 3) The Dutch Revolt Dutch Revolt revolting against crack down on catholicism, the Dutch rebelled against Phillip II because he tried to impose Catholicism in the Netherlands; the Dutch were also motivated by economic factors, since they believed they were being unfairly taxed Rembrandt van Rijn unique, short lived, only in netherlands, Dutch painter, who painted portraits of wealthy middle-class merchants and used sharp contrasts of light and shadow to draw attention to his focus. Famous paining: The Night Watch Jan Vermeer Dutch painter renowned for his use of light and painted everyday scenes (1632-1675)Dutch Trading Empire The Dutch system extending into Asia with fortified towns and factories, warships on patrol, and monopoly control of a limited number of products."
},
{
"docid": "D268144#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_liberalism\nClassical liberalism",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"market liberalism\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see economic liberalism. Part of a series on Liberalism Schools Ideas Variants People Organizations Regional variants Related topics Liberalism portal Politics portalv t e Classical liberalism is a political ideology and a branch of liberalism which advocates civil liberties under the rule of law with an emphasis on economic freedom. Closely related to economic liberalism, it developed in the early 19th century, building on ideas from the previous century as a response to urbanization and to the Industrial Revolution in Europe and the United States. [ 1] [2] [3] Notable individuals whose ideas contributed to classical liberalism include John Locke, [4] Jean-Baptiste Say, Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo. It drew on the economic ideas espoused by Adam Smith in Book 1 of the Wealth of Nations and on a belief in natural law, [5] utilitarianism [6] and progress. [ 7] The term \"\"classical liberalism\"\" was applied in retrospect to distinguish earlier 19th-century liberalism from the newer social liberalism. [ 8]Contents1 Evolution of core beliefs1.1 Friedrich Hayek's typology of beliefs2 History2.1 Great Britain2.2 United States3 Intellectual sources3.1 John Locke3.2 Adam Smith3.3 Classical economics3.4 Utilitarianism4 Political economy5 Free trade and world peace6 See also7 Notes8 Further reading Evolution of core beliefs [ edit]Core beliefs of classical liberals included new ideas—which departed from both the older conservative idea of society as a family and from the later sociological concept of society as complex set of social networks. Classical liberals believe that individuals are \"\"egoistic, coldly calculating, essentially inert and atomistic\"\" [9] and that society is no more than the sum of its individual members. [ 10]Classical liberals agreed with Thomas Hobbes that government had been created by individuals to protect themselves from each other and that the purpose of government should be to minimize conflict between individuals that would otherwise arise in a state of nature."
},
{
"docid": "D240427#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfare_payment\nSocial security",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Welfare payment)navigation search This article is about the general concept of social wellbeing and the systems that ensure this. For specific systems named \"\"Social Security\"\" and other uses, see Social Security. The promotional United States Social Security card distributed as an example card in wallets distributed by the F. W. Woolworth Company Social security is \"\"any government system that provides monetary assistance to people with an inadequate or no income.\"\" [ 1]Social security is enshrined in Article 22 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states: Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality. In simple terms, the signatories agree that society in which a person lives should help them to develop and to make the most of all the advantages (culture, work, social welfare) which are offered to them in the country. [ 2]Social security may also refer to the action programs of organization intended to promote the welfare of the population through assistance measures guaranteeing access to sufficient resources for food and shelter and to promote health and well-being for the population at large and potentially vulnerable segments such as children, the elderly, the sick and the unemployed. Services providing social security are often called social services. Terminology in this area is somewhat different in the United States from in the rest of the English-speaking world. The general term for an action program in support of the well being of poor people in the United States is welfare program, and the general term for all such programs is simply welfare. In American society, the term welfare arguably has negative connotations."
},
{
"docid": "D3483678#0",
"title": "https://www.ftc.gov/enforcement/statutes\nStatutes Enforced or Administered by the Commission",
"text": "\"Statutes Enforced or Administered by the Commission The Commission has enforcement or administrative responsibilities under more than 70 laws. The agency’s primary statutes, the Federal Trade Commission Act and the Clayton Act, appear first followed by all of the other statutes in alphabetical order. The links for the statutes primarily are to uscode.house.gov, which updates the statutes on a regular basis. Please note, however, that the FTC cannot guarantee the accuracy of any particular statute or statute link at any particular time. Displaying 1 - 20 of 73Pages1 2 3 4 next › last »Federal Trade Commission Act Mission: Competition Consumer Protection Law:15 U. S. C. §§ 41-58, as amended Link:http://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid%3AUSC-prelim-title15-chapter2-s... File: ftc_act_incorporatingus_safe_web_act.pdf (194.69 KB)The Federal Trade Commission Act is the primary statute of the Commission. Under this Act, as amended, the Commission is empowered, among other things, to (a) prevent unfair methods of competition and unfair or deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce; (b) seek monetary redress and other relief for conduct injurious to consumers; (c) prescribe rules defining with specificity acts or practices that are unfair or deceptive, and establishing requirements designed to prevent such acts or practices; (d) gather and compile information and conduct investigations relating to the organization, business, practices, and management of entities engaged in commerce; and (e) make reports and legislative recommendations to Congress and the public. A number of other statutes listed here are enforced under the FTC Act. Clayton Act Mission: Competition Law:15 U. S. C. §§ 12-27, as amended Link:http://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid%3AUSC-prelim-title15-section12&... The Commission is charged under Sections 3, 7 and 8 of this Act with preventing and eliminating unlawful tying contracts, corporate mergers and acquisitions, and interlocking directorates. This Act was amended by the Robinson-Patman Act, Pub. L. No."
},
{
"docid": "D2557722#0",
"title": "http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/docs/indian_preference.html\n.",
"text": "\"The U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission NOTICENumber EEOC915.027Date5/16/88SUBJECT: Policy Statement on Indian Preference Under Title VII. PURPOSE: This policy statement sets forth the Commission’s interpretation of the meaning and scope of the Indian preference provision contained in Section 703 (i) of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended. EFFECTIVE DATE: May 16, 1988EXPIRATION DATE: As an exception to EEOC Order 205.001, Appendix V, Attachment 4, § a (5), this Notice will remain in effect until rescinded or superseded. ORIGINATOR: Title VII/EPA Division, Office of Legal Counsel. INSTRUCTIONS: This notice supplements the discussion at Section 604.10 (d) of EEOC Compliance Manual, Volume II, Section 604, Theories of Discrimination. The notice should be filed behind the appendices to that section. SUBJECT MATTER: Section 703 (i) of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, 42 U. S. C. § 2000e-2 (i) (1982), provides an exception to Title VII’s general nondiscrimination principles allowing certain employers under certain circumstances to exercise an employment preference in favor of American Indians. ( 1) That section provides as follows: Nothing contained in this title shall apply to any business or enterprise on or near an Indian reservation with respect to any publicly announced employment practice of such business or enterprise under which a preferential treatment is given to any individual because he is an Indian living on or near a reservation. The statutory language makes it clear that an employer seeking to avail itself of the Indian preference exception must meet three conditions: (1) the employer must be located on or near an Indian reservation, (2) the employer’s preference for Indians must be publicly announced, and (3) the individual to whom preferential treatment is accorded must be an Indian living on or near a reservation. Neither Section 703 (i) nor any other section of the Act, however, defines the terms “Indian reservation” or “near."
},
{
"docid": "D475741#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workhouse\nWorkhouse",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Former workhouse in Nantwich, dating from 1780In England and Wales a workhouse, colloquially known as a spike, was a place where those unable to support themselves were offered accommodation and employment. The earliest known use of the term dates from 1631, in an account by the mayor of Abingdon reporting that \"\"wee haue erected wthn our borough a workehouse to sett poore people to worke\"\". [ 1]The origins of the workhouse can be traced to the Poor Law Act of 1388, which attempted to address the labour shortages following the Black Death in England by restricting the movement of labourers, and ultimately led to the state becoming responsible for the support of the poor. But mass unemployment following the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815, the introduction of new technology to replace agricultural workers in particular, and a series of bad harvests, meant that by the early 1830s the established system of poor relief was proving to be unsustainable. The New Poor Law of 1834 attempted to reverse the economic trend by discouraging the provision of relief to anyone who refused to enter a workhouse. Some Poor Law authorities hoped to run workhouses at a profit by utilising the free labour of their inmates, who generally lacked the skills or motivation to compete in the open market. Most were employed on tasks such as breaking stones, crushing bones to produce fertiliser, or picking oakum using a large metal nail known as a spike, perhaps the origin of the workhouse's nickname. Life in a workhouse was intended to be harsh, to deter the able-bodied poor and to ensure that only the truly destitute would apply. But in areas such as the provision of free medical care and education for children, neither of which was available to the poor in England living outside workhouses until the early 20th century, workhouse inmates were advantaged over the general population, a dilemma that the Poor Law authorities never managed to reconcile. As the 19th century wore on, workhouses increasingly became refuges for the elderly, infirm and sick rather than the able-bodied poor, and in 1929 legislation was passed to allow local authorities to take over workhouse infirmaries as municipal hospitals."
},
{
"docid": "D475739#0",
"title": "https://www.fold3.com/page/1273-the-workhouses-of-england\nThe Workhouses of England",
"text": "\"Save To Ancestry The Workhouses of England TOPICSummary Stories In British history, a workhouse was a place where people who were unable to support themselves could go to live and work. The earliest recorded mention of a workhouse dates to 1652 in Exeter, county of Devon, in the southwest of England. There is some written evidence that workhouses might have even existed before this date. State-provided relief for the poor dates from the end of Queen Elizabeth's reign in 1601, when the passing of an Act for the Relief of the Poor, made parishes legally responsible for taking care of their own poor. The Act provided that materials should be bought to provide work for the unemployed able-bodied...with the threat of prison for anyone who refused. It also stated that housing was to be erected for the impotent poor, the elderly, chronic sick, and so forth. At that time, parish poor relief was dispensed mostly through \"\"out-relief\"\".....which was grants of money, clothing, food, or fuel, to those living in their own homes. The workhouse, however, gradually began to evolve in the 17th century as a form of \"\"indoor relief\"\", both to save the parish money, and also as a deterrent to the able-bodied who were required to work, usually without pay, in return for their board and lodging. The Workhouse Test Act in 1723, gave parishes the option of denying out-relief and offering claimants only the workhouse, which were many times just ordinary local houses, rented for the purpose, or specially built just for that. Sometimes the poor were farmed----which meant a private contractor undertook to look after a parish's poor for a fixed annual sum; the paupers' work could be a useful way of increasing the contractor's income."
},
{
"docid": "D1640059#0",
"title": "http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/NTT/Marnham/\nMarnham",
"text": "\"\"\" Marnham contains 2,800 acres of land, including the Holme, which is divided into Cowgates. It comprises the hamlets of Ferry Marnham, Church Marnham, distant 5 miles east by south of Tuxford, and 256 inhabitants. Earl Brownlow is the principal owner and lord of the manor of Marnham, which was of the fee of Roger de Busli at the time of the Domesday. Afterwards, William de Kewles became lord of these manors, from whom they passed to the Chaworths. Thomas de Chaworth obtained, 34 Henry III, a market and fair on the decolation of St John the Baptist. Afterwards Elizabeth, the daughter and heiress of Sir George Chaworth, carried them by marriage to Sir Anthony Cope, knight. The Hall, which stood betwixt the two villages, was the property of the Cartwrights, but sold and taken down about 60 years ago, before the death of the late patriotic Major Cartwright, who was born in it, and had many very extensive estates in this neighbourhood. A large fair is held here on September 12th, for horses, horned cattle and merchandise. One of the Chaworths, in the reign of John, granted to the monks of Radford, \"\"free passage for themselves, their servants, and their carriages, in his ferry-boat here\"\". The ferry is at the north village, and crosses the Trent to South Clifton."
},
{
"docid": "D1143002#0",
"title": "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Usury\nusury",
"text": "\"Correct all you're your grammar errors instantly. Try it now.usury Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Financial, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia. Related to usury: Usury laws, Usury Rates Usury The crime of charging higher interest on a loan than the law permits. State laws set the maximum amount of interest that can be charged for a loan of money. A lenderthat charges higher than the maximum amount of interest is guilty of the crime of usury. In addition,courts may modify contracts that contain usurious rates of interest by reducing the interest to thelegal maximum. The charging of excessive interest in exchange for a monetary loan has been consideredreprehensible from the earliest times. Chinese and Hindu law prohibited it, while the Atheniansscorned persons who charged more than a moderate rate of interest for a loan. The Romans at onetime abolished the practice of charging interest. Although they later revived it, the rates were strictlyregulated."
},
{
"docid": "D1623601#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/science/old-age\nOld age",
"text": "Old age, also called senescence, in human beings, the final stage of the normal life span. Definitions of old age are not consistent from the standpoints of biology, demography (conditions of mortality and morbidity), employment and retirement, and sociology. For statistical and public administrative purposes, however, old age is frequently defined as 60 or 65 years of age or older.old age An elderly couple using a computer. © T-Design/Shutterstock.com Old age has a dual definition. It is the last stage in the life processes of an individual, and it is an age group or generation comprising a segment of the oldest members of a population. The social aspects of old age are influenced by the relationship of the physiological effects of aging and the collective experiences and shared values of that generation to the particular organization of the society in which it exists. There is no universally accepted age that is considered old among or within societies. Often discrepancies exist as to what age a society may consider old and what members in that society of that age and older may consider old. Moreover, biologists are not in agreement about the existence of an inherent biological cause for aging. However, in most contemporary Western countries, 60 or 65 is the age of eligibility for retirement and old-age social programs, although many countries and societies regard old age as occurring anywhere from the mid-40s to the 70s."
},
{
"docid": "D89625#0",
"title": "http://www.georgialegalaid.org/resource/fair-treatment-by-the-government-equal-protec?lang=EN\nFair Treatment by the Government: Equal Protection",
"text": "\"Home Share Email Print Friendly Fair Treatment by the Government: Equal Protection Authored By: Carl Vinson Institute of Government, University of Georgia Read this in: Spanish / Español Information Fair Treatment by the Government: Equal Protection This document tells you the following: What is equal protection and what does it mean? What is the rational basis test? What is the strict scrutiny test? What are the elements of the strict scrutiny test? What are the fundamental rights? What does it mean to say that something is a \"\"suspect classification\"\"? What are the \"\"suspect classifications\"\"? What is the intermediate scrutiny test? What are the elements of the intermediate scrutiny test? What is statutory equal protection and to what classifications does it apply?"
},
{
"docid": "D1468137#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/common-law\nCommon law",
"text": "Common law, also called Anglo-American law, the body of customary law, based upon judicial decisions and embodied in reports of decided cases, that has been administered by the common-law courts of England since the Middle Ages. From it has evolved the type of legal system now found also in the United States and in most of the member states of the Commonwealth (formerly the British Commonwealth of Nations). In this sense common law stands in contrast to the legal system derived from civil law, now widespread in continental Europe and elsewhere. In another, narrower, sense, common law is contrasted to the rules applied in English and American courts of equity and also to statute law. A standing expository difficulty is that, whereas the United Kingdom is a unitary state in international law, it comprises three major (and other minor) legal systems, those of England and Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Historically, the common-law system in England (applied to Wales since 1536) has directly influenced that in Ireland but only partially influenced the distinct legal system in Scotland, which is therefore, except as regards international matters, not covered in this article. The legal systems in the United Kingdom have, since 1973, experienced integration into the system of European Union law, which has direct effects upon the domestic law of its constituent states—the majority of which have domestic systems that have been influenced by the civil-law tradition and that cultivate a more purposive technique of legislative interpretation than has been customary in the English common law. The regime of human rights represented by the European Convention on Human Rights (1950) has exercised a similar influence in the United Kingdom since the passage by Parliament of the Human Rights Act 1998. Read More on This Topiccrime: Common law In most countries, the criminal law is contained in a single statute, known as the criminal, or penal, code. Although the criminal codes of most English-speaking countries are derived from English criminal law, England itself has never had a criminal code."
},
{
"docid": "D1569219#0",
"title": "https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Comedy\nComedy",
"text": "\"navigation search A serious and good philosophicalwork could be written consisting entirely of jokes. ~ Ludwig Wittgenstein Joking decides great things, Stronger and better oft than earnest can. ~ John Milton Comedy has a popular meaning (stand-up, along with any discourse generally intended to amuse), which differs from its academic definition, namely the comic theatre, whose Western origins are found in Ancient Greece. The theatrical genre can be simply described as a dramatic performance pitting two societies against each other in an amusing agon or conflict. Comedy contains variations on the elements of surprise, incongruity, conflict, repetitiveness, and the effect of opposite expectations, and there are many recognized genres. A · B · C · D · E · F · G · H · I · J · K · L · M · N · O · P · Q · R · S · T · U · V · W · X · Y · Z · Hoyt's New Cyclopedia Of Practical Quotations · See also · External links Laughter is the closest thing to the grace of God. ~ Karl Barth Imagine if you could actually be that happy? That would be powerful, man. People would be tunneling under the street to avoid you. ~ Jim Carrey The most difficult character in comedy is that of the fool, and he must be no simpleton that plays the part."
},
{
"docid": "D1562985#0",
"title": "http://www.online-literature.com/shakespeare/\nWilliam Shakespeare",
"text": "\"Biography of William Shakespeare William Shakespeare (1564-1616), `The Bard of Avon', English poet and playwright wrote the famous 154 Sonnets and numerous highly successful oft quoted dramatic works including the tragedy of the Prince of Denmark, Hamlet;\"\"Neither a borrower nor a lender be; For loan oft loses both itself and friend, And borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry. This above all: to thine ownself be true, And it must follow, as the night the day, Thou canst not then be false to any man. Farewell: my blessing season this in thee!\"\" --Lord Polonius, Hamlet Act I, Scene 3While Shakespeare caused much controversy, he also earned lavish praise and has profoundly impacted the world over in areas of literature, culture, art, theatre, and film and is considered one of the best English language writers ever. From the Preface of the First Folio (1623) \"\"To the memory of my beloved, The Author, Mr. William Shakespeare: and what he hath left us\"\"--Ben Jonson;\"\"Thou art a Moniment, without a tombe And art alive still, while thy Booke doth live, And we have wits to read, and praise to give. \"\" Over the centuries there has been much speculation surrounding various aspects of Shakespeare's life including his religious affiliation, sexual orientation, sources for collaborations, authorship of and chronology of the plays and sonnets. Many of the dates of play performances, when they were written, adapted or revised and printed are imprecise. This biography attempts only to give an overview of his life, while leaving the more learned perspectives to the countless scholars and historians who have devoted their lives to the study and demystification of the man and his works. England's celebration of their patron Saint George is on 23 April, which is also the day claimed to be the birth date of Shakespeare. Although birth and death dates were not recorded in Shakespeare's time, churches did record baptisms and burials, usually a few days after the actual event."
},
{
"docid": "D3185859#0",
"title": "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Doctrine+of+sovereign+immunity\nSovereign Immunity",
"text": "\"Sovereign Immunity (redirected from Doctrine of sovereign immunity) Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Financial. Related to Doctrine of sovereign immunity: Act of State Doctrine Sovereign Immunity The legal protection that prevents a sovereign state or person from being sued without consent. Sovereign immunity is a judicial doctrine that prevents the government or its political subdivisions,departments, and agencies from being sued without its consent. The doctrine stems from theancient English principle that the monarch can do no wrong. Suits against the United States In early American history, the courts supported the traditional view that the United States could not be sued without congressional authorization ( chisholm v. georgia, 2 U. S. [2 Dall.] 419, 478, 1 L. Ed.440 [1793]; Cohens v. Virginia, 19 U. S. [6 Wheat.] 264, 412, 5 L. Ed. 257 [1821]). This Immunityapplied to suits filed by states as well as individuals ( Kansas v. United States, 204 U. S. 331, 27 S. Ct. 388, 51 L. Ed."
},
{
"docid": "D3393142#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_rates_in_England_and_Wales\nBusiness rates in England",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Business rates in England and Wales)navigation search Taxation in the United Kingdom UK Government Departments HM Treasury HM Revenue and Customs UK Government VAT Income tax National Insurance Corporation tax Capital gains tax Motoring taxes Inheritance tax Stamp duty Insurance Premium Tax Air Passenger Duty PAYEScottish Government Revenue Scotland Scottish income tax Land and Buildings Transaction Tax Scottish Landfill Tax Air Departure Tax Welsh Government Welsh Revenue Authority Land Transaction Tax Landfill Disposals Tax Local Government Council Tax Domestic rates in Northern Ireland Business rates in England Business rates in Wales Business rates in Scotland Business rates in Northern Irelandv t e Business rates is the commonly used name in England of non-domestic rates, a tax on the occupation of non-domestic property ( National Non-Domestic Rates – NNDR ). Rates are a property tax with ancient roots [1] that was formerly used to fund local services that was formalised with the Poor Law 1572 and superseded by the Poor Law of 1601. The Local Government Finance Act 1988 introduced business rates in England and Wales from 1990, repealing its immediate predecessor, the General Rate Act 1967. The act also introduced business rates in Scotland, but as an amendment to the existing system which had evolved separately to that in the rest of Great Britain. Since the establishment, in 1997, of a Welsh Assembly Government able to pass secondary legislation, the English and Welsh systems have been able to diverge. In 2015 business rates for Wales were devolved. [ 2]The Local Government Finance Act 1988, with follow-up legislation, provided a fresh administrative framework for assessing and billing, but did not redefine the legal unit of property, the hereditament, that had been developed through rating case law. Properties are assessed in a rating list with a rateable value, a valuation of their annual rental value on a fixed valuation date using assumptions fixed by statute. Rating lists are created and maintained by the Valuation Office Agency, a UK Government Executive Agency. Rating lists can be altered either to reflect changes in properties, or as valuations are appealed against."
},
{
"docid": "D2071938#0",
"title": "http://www.bir.gov.ph/index.php/tax-information/withholding-tax.html\nWithholding Tax",
"text": "\"TRAINTax Reform for Acceleration & Inclusion (Per Republic Act No. 10963)Open Data Philippines Data. Gov. PHCustoms ng Bayan Full Disclosure Policy Portal (LGUs)e Services Quick Links Tax Code BIR Forms Zonal Values BIR Citizen's Charter List of Authorized Agent Banks Industrial/Occupational Code Penalties Taxpayer Bill of Rights Anti-Corruption Law Withholding Tax Calculator Archive Downloadables BIR Employees Portal For BIR Employees Use Only Username Password Log in Index for Withholding Tax: Description Codal Reference Monthly Remittance of Taxes Withheld on Compensation Monthly Remittance Of Income Taxes Withheld (Expanded) [Except for Transactions Involving Onerous Transfer of Real Property Classified as Ordinary Asset]Monthly Remittance Of Value-Added Taxes And Other Percentage Taxes Withheld Monthly Remittance of Final Income Taxes Withheld Remittance Return of Percentage Tax On Winnings And Prizes Withheld By Race Track Operators Quarterly Remittance Of Final Income Taxes Withheld On Fringe Benefits Paid To Employees Other Than Rank And File Monthly Remittance Of Final Income Taxes Withheld On Interest Paid And Yield On Deposit Substitutes, Trust, Etc. Annual Information Return On Creditable Income Taxes Withheld (Expanded)/Income Payments Exempt From Withholding Tax Annual Information On Income Taxes Withheld On Compensation And Final Withholding Taxes Related Revenue Issuances Frequently Asked Questions Description Withholding Tax on Compensation is the tax withheld from income payments to individuals arising from an employer-employee relationship. Expanded Withholding Tax is a kind of withholding tax which is prescribed on certain income payments and is creditable against the income tax due of the payee for the taxable quarter/year in which the particular income was earned. Final Withholding Tax is a kind of withholding tax which is prescribed on certain income payments and is not creditable against the income tax due of the payee on other income subject to regular rates of tax for the taxable year. Income Tax withheld constitutes the full and final payment of the Income Tax due from the payee on the particular income subjected to final withholding tax. Withholding Tax on Government Money Payments (GMP) - Percentage Taxes - is the tax withheld by National Government Agencies (NGAs) and instrumentalities, including government-owned and controlled corporations (GOCCs) and local government units (LGUs), before making any payments to non-VAT registered taxpayers/suppliers/payees Withholding Tax on GMP - Value Added Taxes (GVAT) - is the tax withheld by National Government Agencies (NGAs) and instrumentalities, including government-owned and controlled corporations (GOCCs) and local government units (LGUs), before making any payments to VAT registered taxpayers/suppliers/payees on account of their purchases of goods and services. [ return to index]Codal Reference Republic Act Nos. 8424, 9337, 9442, 9504, 10963Sections 57 to 58 and 78 to 83 of the National Internal Revenue Code (NIRC) [return to index]1."
}
] |
619803
|
what did the 1992 prescription drug user fee act allow
|
[
{
"docid": "D2180032#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prescription_Drug_User_Fee_Act\nPrescription Drug User Fee Act",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Prescription Drug User Fee Act Long title An Act to amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to authorize human drug application, prescription drug establishment, and prescription drug product fees and for other purposes. Acronyms (colloquial)PDUFA, DSANicknames Dietary Supplement Act of 1992Enacted by the 102nd United States Congress Effective October 29, 1992Citations Public law 102-571Statutes at Large 106 Stat. 4491Codification Acts amended Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act Titles amended 21 U. S. C.: Food and Drugs U. S. C. sections amended 21 U. S. C. ch. 9, subch. VII § 379g et seq. Legislative history Introduced in the House as H. R. 6181 by John Dingell ( D – MI) on October 6, 1992Committee consideration by House Energy and Commerce Passed the House on October 6, 1992 (passed without objection)Passed the Senate on October 7, 1992 (passed voice vote)Signed into law by President George H. W. Bush on October 29, 1992The Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) was a law passed by the United States Congress in 1992 which allowed the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to collect fees from drug manufacturers to fund the new drug approval process. The Act provided that the FDA was entitled to collect a substantial application fee from drug manufacturers at the time a New Drug Application (NDA) or Biologics License Application (BLA) was submitted, with those funds designated for use only in Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) or Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) drug approval activities. In order to continue collecting such fees, the FDA is required to meet certain performance benchmarks, primarily related to the speed of certain activities within the NDA review process. Contents [ hide ]1 History1.1 AIDS epidemic1.2 PDUFA I1.3 PDUFA II1.4 PDUFA III1.5 PDUFA IV1.6 PDUFA V2 Effectiveness2.1 Increased staffing2.2 Review times2.3 Drug launches2.4 Regulator-industry communication3 PDUFA dates4 Scale of fees5 FDA budget6 References History [ edit]The move towards imposing user fees to pay for the regulatory review of new medicines was the result of dissatisfaction among consumers, industry, and the FDA. All three groups felt that drug approvals were taking far too long."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1612417#0",
"title": "http://www.allgov.com/departments/department-of-health-and-human-services/food-and-drug-administration-fda?agencyid=7405\n.",
"text": "Overview: Located within the Department of Health and Human Services, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates a wide range of medical and food products. From reviewing new medicines to inspecting food processing centers, the FDA plays a role in approximately $1 trillion worth of products each year. The FDA is comprised of chemists, pharmacologists, physicians, microbiologists, veterinarians, pharmacists, lawyers and other professionals. Despite all of the expertise employed by the agency, the FDA has struggled to carry out its mission to protect Americans from harmful drugs and foods. In recent years, the agency’s reputation has plummeted amid controversies involving the approval of certain pharmaceutical drugs and allowing tainted foods to reach consumers.more History: The Progressive Era of the early 20th Century was the backdrop for the founding of the Food and Drug Administration. From 1879 until 1906, nearly 100 bills were introduced in Congress to regulate food and drugs, but it wasn’t until the publishing of Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle, which depicted the deplorable working and sanitary conditions of the meat packing industry, that leaders in Washington were moved to bolster federal regulations in this area. On June 30, 1906, President Theodore Roosevelt signed the Food and Drugs Act. The Bureau of Chemistry, located in the Department of Agriculture, was charged with administering the act, which prohibited the interstate transport of unlawful food and drugs. The basis of the law rested on the regulation of product labeling rather than pre-market approval, as the latter-day FDA would do. At first the bureau’s regulatory emphasis centered on food, which was believed to be a greater public health problem than adulterated or misbranded drugs."
},
{
"docid": "D2391345#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulation_and_prevalence_of_homeopathy\nRegulation and prevalence of homeopathy",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Woman looking at homeopathic remedies A patient suffering from the effects of homeopathic treatment ( Wellcome Trust ). Homeopathy is fairly common in some countries while being uncommon in others. In some countries, there are no specific legal regulations concerning the use of homeopathy, while in others, licenses or degrees in conventional medicine from accredited universities are required. Homeopathic preparations are not effective for treating any condition. [ 1] [2] [3] [4] Outside of the alternative medicine community, scientists have long considered homeopathy a sham [5] or a pseudoscience, [1] [2] [3] [4] and the mainstream medical community regards it as quackery. [ 3]Contents [ hide ]1 Europe1.1 European Union1.1.1 Belgium1.1.2 France1.1.3 Germany1.1.4 Italy1.1.5 Netherlands1.1.6 Romania1.1.7 Sweden1.1.8 United Kingdom1.2 Switzerland2 Australia3 North America3.1 Canada3.2 United States3.3 Mexico4 South America5 Middle East and Asia5.1 Middle East5.2 India6 Africa6.1 South Africa6.2 Nigeria7 See also8 References Europe [ edit]Regulations vary in Europe depending on the country. In Austria and Germany, no specific regulations exist, while France and Denmark mandate licenses to diagnose any illness or dispense of any product whose purpose is to treat any illness. [ 6] Some homeopathic treatment is covered by the national insurance of several European countries, including France, some parts of the United Kingdom, Denmark, and Luxembourg. In other countries, such as Belgium and the Czech Republic, homeopathy is not covered. In Austria, public insurance requires scientific proof of effectiveness in order to reimburse medical treatments, but exceptions are made for homeopathy. ["
},
{
"docid": "D3234475#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/121371712/reimbursement-flash-cards/\nReimbursement",
"text": "\"61 terms agsdowner Reimbursement Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Compliance Ensuring bills/claims are accurate and correctly presented Reimbursement claim a statement of services submitted by a healthcare provider to a third-party payer Third-party payer Medicare/insurance company Prospective payment system (PPS) A type of reimbursement system that is based on preset payment levels rather than actual charges billed after the service has been provided. Used since 1983 to manage cost of the Medicare/Medicaid programs. Indemnity plans Were offered by private insurance companies. The patient is reimbursed or (indemnified) for covered services up to a specified dollar limit. It was then the responsibility of the hospital to collect the money from the patient. Group health insurance Provide healthcare benefits to full time employees of a company. Major Medical Insurance Coverage for catastrophic illnesses and injuries during the early 1950's. Policyholder (or insured) paid a specified deductible."
},
{
"docid": "D548916#0",
"title": "https://apps.health.pa.gov/ddc/DDCFaqs.asp\n.",
"text": "\"GENERAL INFORMATIONDoes an out of state/nonresident pharmacy need to register with the Department of Health? Does a Pennsylvania licensed Pharmacy need to register with the Department of Health? What are Some Examples of Medical Devices Requiring Registration? Does a nonresident/out of state manufacturers, 503Bs, NDA holders, repackager, or relabeler of pharmaceuticals or API located in U. S but not in Pennsylvania need to register? What if my Business is a Charitable Organization? When should I expect to receive my certificate of registration or license after I submit my new application or renewal application? What are Some Common Examples of Non-Prescription or OTC Products Requiring Registration? Do you license or register in state virtual distributors, brokers, or billing agents? Do Commercial Warehouses or Third Party Logistics (3PL) Need to Register? What Other Drug or Device Registrations may I possibly need?"
},
{
"docid": "D300748#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/11395831/hcm-2-flash-cards/\nHCM #2",
"text": "\"212 terms cmagliulo HCM #2Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Single payer plan -centralized health care system adopted by some western nations (canada, GB) and FUNDED BY TAXES -govt. pays for each resident's health care, which is considered a basic social servicesocialized medicine -a type of single-payer system in which the govt owns and operates healthcare facilities and providers (e.g. physicians) receive SALARIES -the VA healthcare program is a form of socialized medicine Universal health insurance -the goal of providing every individual with access to health coverage, regardless of the system implemented to achieve that goal Group Health insurance -traditional coverage subsidized by employers and other organizations (labor unions, rural and consumer health cooperatives) whereby part or all of premium costs are paid for and/or discounted group rates are offered to eligible individuals%'s of Health insurance plans in U. S. (2007) -68% private -60% employment based -28% govt. plans (medicare, medicaid) -85% of people are covered by some plan and some people are covered by more than one insurance plan Worker's comp -1908First health insurance policy -1860 *the Franklin Health Assurance company of Massachusetts was the first commercial insurance company to provide healthcare coverage for injuries not resulting in death FECA -1916 -federal employees' compensation act -replaced 1908 workers comp legislation -civilian employees of the federal govt. were provided medical care, survivor's benefits and compensation for lost wages First Blue Cross policy -1929Blue shield -1939 -founded in CA -lumbar and mining camps of pacific NW -employers wanted to provide medical care for their workers, so they paid monthly fees to medical service bureaus, which were composed of groups of physicians Hill-Burton Act -1946 *provided federal grants for modernizing hospitals that had become obsolete b/c of lack of capital investment during the great depression and WWII -in return, facilities were required to provide services free or at reduced rates to patients unable to pay for care Taft-Hartley Act Major medical insurance -1947 -amended the national labor relations act of 1932 restoring a more balanced relationship b/w labor and management --> third-party administrators (TPAs) which administer healthcare plans and process claims, thus serving as a system of checks and balances for labor and managment -1950 - provided coverage for catastrophic or prolonged illness and injuries. Most of these programs incorporate LARGE DEDUCTIBLES and lifetime maximum amountsdeductible -the amount for which the patient is financially responsible before an insurance policy provides paymentlifetime maximum amount -the maximum benefits payable to a health plan participant Medicare -1966 *provides healthcare to Americans over the age of 65Medicaid -1966 -a cost-sharing program b/w the federal and state govts. to provide healthcare services to low-income Americans CHAMPUS (Civilian Health and Medical Program -- Uniformed Services) -1966 -designed as a benefit for dependents of personnel serving in the armed forces and uniformed branches of the Public health service and the national oceanic and atmospheric administration -Now called TRICAREHMO act of 1973 -Health Maintenance Organization Assistance Act of 1973 -authorized federal grants and loans to private organizations that wished to develop health maintenance organizations (HMOs), which are responsible for providing healthcare services to subscribers in a given geographic area for a fixed fee CMS-1500 -CMS requires providers to use this to submit medicare claims E/M codes -1991 -evaluation and management - which describes patient encounters with providers for the purpose of evaluation and management of general health status RBRVS -1992 -Resource-Based Relative Value Scale system -payment system that reimburses physicians' practice expenses based on relative values for 3 components of each physician's service: physician, work, practice expense, and malpractice insurance expense -fee schedule - list of predetermined payments based a fee assigned to each CPT code HIPAA -Health insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) -mandates regulations that govern privacy, security, and electronic transactions standards for healthcare information -primary intent is to provide better access to health insurance, limit fraud and abuse, and reduce administrative costs The primary purpose of the patient record ____ secondary purposes ______ -to provide for continuity of care -record includes patient demographic (identification) data, documentation to support diagnosis and justify tx provided, and the RESULTS of the tx provided -evaluating the quality of patient care -providing data for research -providing info to 3rd party payers for reimbursement -serving medico-legal interests of the patient, facility and providers of caremedical necessity -the patient's diagnosis must also justify diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedures or services provided *requires providers to document services or supplies that are: -proper and needed for the diagnosis or tx of a medical condition -provided for the diagnosis, direct care, and tx of a medical condition -consistent with standards of good medical practice in the local area -not mainly for the convenience of the physician or healthcare facilityproblem-oriented record (POR) -systematic method of documentation w/ 4 components 1) Database - chief complaint, present conditions and diagnoses, social data, past medical and social hx, review of systems, physical examination, baseline laboratory data 2) Problem list - table of contents (numbered list of patient's problems 3) Initial plan -Diagnostic/management plans (plans to learn more about the pts condition and the management of conditions -therapeutic plans (specific medications, goals, procedures, therapies) -Patient education plans - plans to educate the patient about conditions for which he or she is being treated 4) Progress notes -SOAP NOTEElectronic health record (EHR) -facilitates RECORD LINKAGE, which allows patient info to be created at different locations according to a unique patient ID number -more global focus (i.e. automates and streamlines a provider's workflow, ensuring that all clinical information is communicated, supports collection of data for uses other than clinical careelectronic medical record (EMR) -more narrow focus -the patient record created for a SINGLE medical practice using a computer, keyboard, a mouse, optical pen device, voice recognition system, scanner, and/or touch screen Total practice management software (TPMS) -used to generate the EMR *automates: -registering patients -scheduling appointments -generating insurance claims and patient statements -processing payments from patient and third party payers -producing administrative and clinical reports Personal health record (PHR) -web-based application -allows individuals to maintain and manage their health info (and that of other for whom they are authorized, such as family members) in a private, secure, and confidential manner Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 (TEFRA) -enacted a PPS (prospective payment system) - which issues a PREDETERMINED payment for services Chapter 12 Commercial Insurance Start Commercial health insurance -covers the medical expenses of individuals (e.g. private health insurance) and groups (e.g. employer group health insurance)Individual health insurance policies are regulated by individual states and include the following: 1) Fee-for-service (or indemnity) insurance -traditional health insurance that covers a portion of services, such as inpatient hospitalizations or physician visits, with the patient paying the remaining costs 2) High-risk-pools (\"\"last resort\"\" health insurance for individuals who cannot obtain coverage due to a serious medical condition; certain eligibility requirements apply, such as refusal by at least one or two insurance companies 3) Managed Care 4) Association health insurance - offered to members of a professional association and marketed to small business owners as a way to provide coverage to employees; however, these plans are not subject to the same regulations as group health insurance plans and, therefore, are more risky Employer-based group health insurance -covers all employees, regardless of health status, and cannot be cancelled if an employee becomes ill -limits exclusions for pre-exisiting conditions (can only exclude for 12-18 months) -Is portable -offers COBRA continuation of coverage (employee must be offered COBRA continuation coverage that lasts for 18-36 months, depending on the employee's situation -has employer limited plan options (e.g. prescription drug plan that covers a certain list of medications, called a formulary)automobile Insurance - a contract b/w an individual and an insurance company whereby the individual pays a premium and, in exchange, the insurance company agrees to pay for specific car-related financial losses during the term of policy -covers medial expenses associated with automobile accidents (PIP Personal Injury protection ) - usually cover up to a certain limit **The automobile insurance company's MEDICAL ADJUSTER reviews healthcare bills submitted to the insurance company to determine coverage (may cover ambulatory expenses, medical supplies, lab services, ER care, physical therapy, etc)Disability insurance -reimbursement for income lost as a result of a temporary or permanent illness or injury *when pts. are treated for disability diagnoses and other medical problems, separate patient records must be maintained -also a good idea to organize the financial records separately for these patients -Disability insurance generally does not pay for healthcare services, but provides the disabled p"
},
{
"docid": "D777905#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prescription_drug_prices_in_the_United_States\nPrescription drug prices in the United States",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article's lead section does not adequately summarize key points of its contents. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. Please discuss this issue on the article's talk page. ( March 2016)Prescription drug prices in the United States have been among the highest in the world. The high cost of prescription drugs became a major topic of discussion in the new millennium, leading up to the U. S. health care reform debate of 2009, and received renewed attention in 2015. High prescription drug prices have been attributed to government-granted monopolies to manufacturers and organizations lacking ability to negotiate prices. [ 1]Contents1 History2 Drug expenditures3 Effects3.1 Prescriptions from other countries3.2 Prescription non-compliance3.3 Affordable Care Act4 Reasons for high prices4.1 Variability and non-transparency4.2 Market exclusivity4.3 Foreign subsidies4.4 Drug company profits4.5 Pharmacy benefit managers4.6 Drug rebates4.7 Orphan drugs4.8 FDA backlog in generic drug application review4.9 Relationship between drug research and development and retail price5 Solutions5.1 Discounts5.2 Generics versus brand-name products5.3 Value-based prices5.4 Policy makers5.5 New legislation5.6 Canada's model5.7 Healthcare providers6 See also7 References8 Further reading History [ edit]Pharmaceutical drugs are the only major health care service in which the producer is able to set prices with little constraint, according to Peter Bach from the Health Outcomes Research Group, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York and Steven Pearson from the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review, Boston. [ 2] As of 2004, prices of brand name drugs were significantly higher in the United States (US) than in Canada, India, the UK and other countries, nearly all of which have price controls, while prices for generic drugs tended to be higher in Canada. [ 3]One of the reasons drug prices are much higher in the US compared to other industrialized countries is that the U. S. lacks a national healthcare system that directly negotiates with the pharmaceutical industry. Rather, most negotiations occur between pharmaceutical companies and private insurers or vendors. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1999179#0",
"title": "http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/medicaid-pharmaceutical-laws-and-policies.aspx\nRecent Medicaid Prescription Drug Laws and Strategies",
"text": "\"Recent Medicaid Prescription Drug Laws and Strategies Updated 6/1/2017Note: This report contains both current information and separate archive sections. It does not contain individual state measures created in 2009-2015. States are considering or have enacted a variety of changes in their Medicaid programs to respond to the challenges arising from increased demand for and higher costs of prescription drugs. Recent state legislation related to Medicaid prescription drugs generally is designed around new or expanded applications of management tools already available to states through federal law. Among the strategies receiving legislative attention are use of:preferred drug lists (PDL) or formularies,generic substitution,cost-sharing or copayments,multi-state purchasing,pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs),prior authorization,drug utilization review (DUR),dispensing fees to pharmacies,ingredient reimbursements (MAC, AWP, AMP, ASP),supplemental rebates from manufacturers,disease management,carve-outs from managed care plans. Many legislative initiatives address several Medicaid policy areas simultaneously. Several laws focus on altering the mix of drugs prescribed, either through broadened generic substitution or through creation of preferred drug lists (PDL) and the use of prior authorization (PA). Latest 2016-17 Reports: Moving Medicaid Data Forward, Part 3: A Guide to Medicaid Utilization Data -Mathematica August 2017Medicaid: State Managed Care Pharmacy Uniform Prior Authorization Requirements ( 2015-2016 State Data) Prior authorization (PA) is a technique for controlling costs that requires specific drugs or services to be pre-approved by an individual’s insurance company in order to be covered by the insurer. Uniform PA requirements are state prescribed requirements for adjudicating prior authorization requests (for a specified drug product subject to prior authorization). - Published by Kaiser State Health Facts 11/2016Medicaid: State Managed Care Pharmacy Uniform Preferred Drug List (PDL) Requirements ( 2015-2016 State Data) A preferred drug list (PDL) is a list of medications that are covered without the need to obtain prior authorization."
},
{
"docid": "D824444#0",
"title": "http://www.insurancequotes.org/health-insurance/health-resources/medical-marijuana-coverage/\nMedical Marijuana and Your Health Coverage",
"text": "Health Resources Center Medical Marijuana and Your Health Coverage Table of Contents Top Recent Shifts in the Coverage Conversation The Fight for Coverage The Future: What Could Insurance Coverage Look Like? In Conclusion: Change Is Coming Additional Resources While medical marijuana is legal in 20 states and the District of Columbia, you’ll have to pay for it out of your own pocket: even in states like Washington and Colorado, where the drug is completely legal, health insurance doesn’t cover it. The conversation has moved into the insurance realm after recent arguments about the drug’s classification as a schedule I substance under the Controlled Substances Act, a classification some argue is inaccurate. A substance that falls under schedule I – a list which includes heroin, LSD and ecstasy – adheres to the following, according to the federal government:“No currently accepted medical use in the United States”“A lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision”“A high potential for abuse”There are strong arguments both for and against reclassifying and insuring medical marijuana, though it’s unlikely that use of the substance will be covered by health insurers within the next few years. If you don’t already know the facts of the debate, this will provide an overview of the fight for coverage. Shifting Views on the Legalization of Marijuana Source: People-Press.org There are a number of conditions that tend to qualify patients for medical marijuana treatment. Marijuana advocates cite these conditions as proof of the effectiveness of a marijuana prescription, especially for pain management (both neurological and physical) and nausea. In considering who would qualify for health coverage, it’s likely that patients would have to have certain symptoms or diseases most often shown to be alleviated by medical marijuana. In 2002 the US Government Accountability Office released a report entitled “Descriptions of Allowable Conditions under State Medical Marijuana Laws” citing the following conditions: Alzheimer’s Disease Anorexia AIDSArthritis Cachexia Cancer Crohn’s Disease Epilepsy Glaucoma HIVMigraine Multiple Sclerosis Nausea Pain Spasticity Wasting Syndrome Many of these conditions are supported by scientific studies, such as the ones found here and here. However, the many opponents of medical marijuana have cast doubt on such studies, calling them biased or too nascent to be taken seriously."
},
{
"docid": "D2550450#0",
"title": "http://www.nber.org/digest/jun06/w11724.html\nThe Safety and Efficacy of the FDA",
"text": "\"The Safety and Efficacy of the FDA\"\"The more rapid access to drugs on the market enabled by the Prescription Drug User Fee Act saved the equivalent of 180 to 310 thousand life-years BETWEEN 19XX AND XXXX. \"\" In virtually all developed countries, regulatory authorities provide public oversight of the safety and efficacy of prescription drugs prior to their being approved for marketing. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) conducts such oversight. A central tradeoff facing the FDA involves balancing two goals: fulfilling its mission set by Congress to assure the safety and efficacy of drugs, while at the same time advancing the public health by not slowing down or disabling the innovative process by which new medical products reach the market. Critics argue that the FDA is not taking enough time in evaluating new drugs, thereby allowing unsafe drugs to be marketed; others have argued that the agency is taking too long, therefore inflicting harmful effects on innovative returns and patient welfare. Surprisingly, little quantitative evidence has been put forward to evaluate the degree to which the speed and safety tradeoff facing the FDA is being resolved efficiently. More generally, there seems to be no suggested quantitative methodology or framework for assessing the economic efficiency of the agency's specific tradeoff. Despite the FDA's strict adherence to evidence-based evaluation of products overseen, there is far less evidence of its own safety and efficacy. Put differently, no product application would pass the FDA approval process with the quality and type of evidence that currently exists for evaluating the FDA policies themselves. The welfare consequences of this lack of methodology and systematic evidence may be quite substantial, as t he FDA is estimated to regulate markets accounting for about 20 percent of consumer spending in the United States."
},
{
"docid": "D2758764#0",
"title": "https://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/WhatWeDo/History/Milestones/ucm128305.htm\nMilestones in U.S. Food and Drug Law History",
"text": "\"Milestones in U. S. Food and Drug Law History Share Tweet Linkedin Pin it Email Print From the beginnings of civilization people have been concerned about the quality and safety of foods and medicines. In 1202, King John of England proclaimed the first English food law, the Assize of Bread, which prohibited adulteration of bread with such ingredients as ground peas or beans. Regulation of food in the United States dates from early colonial times. Federal controls over the drug supply began with inspection of imported drugs in 1848, although the first federal biologics law, which addressed the provision of reliable smallpox vaccine to citizens, was passed in 1813. The following chronology describes some of the milestones in the history of food and drug regulation in the United States.1820Eleven physicians meet in Washington, D. C., to establish the U. S. Pharmacopeia, the first compendium of standard drugs for the United States.1848Drug Importation Act passed by Congress requires U. S. Customs Service inspection to stop entry of adulterated drugs from overseas.1862President Lincoln appoints a chemist, Charles M. Wetherill, to serve in the new Department of Agriculture. This was the beginning of the Bureau of Chemistry, the predecessor of the Food and Drug Administration.1880Peter Collier, chief chemist, U. S. Department of Agriculture, recommends passage of a national food and drug law, following his own food adulteration investigations. The bill was defeated, but during the next 25 years more than 100 food and drug bills were introduced in Congress. 1883 Dr. Harvey W. Wiley becomes chief chemist, expanding the Bureau of Chemistry's food adulteration studies. Campaigning for a federal law, Dr. Wiley is called the \"\"Crusading Chemist\"\" and \"\"Father of the Pure Food and Drugs Act.\"\" He retired from government service in 1912 and died in 1930.1897Tea Importation Act passed, providing for Customs inspection of all tea entering U. S. ports, at the expense of the importers.1898Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (now AOAC International) establishes a Committee on Food Standards headed by Dr. Wiley."
},
{
"docid": "D2180033#0",
"title": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2016/07/19/2016-16916/prescription-drug-user-fee-act-public-meeting-request-for-comments\nACTION:",
"text": "AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS. ACTION: Notice of public meeting; request for comments. SUMMARY: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or Agency) is announcing a public meeting to discuss proposed recommendations for the reauthorization of the Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) for fiscal years (FYs) 2018 through 2022. PDUFA authorizes FDA to collect fees and use them for the process for the review of human drug applications. The current legislative authority for PDUFA expires in September 2017. At that time, new legislation will be required for FDA to continue collecting prescription drug user fees in future fiscal years. Following discussions with the regulated industry and periodic consultations with public stakeholders, the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the FD&C Act) directs FDA to publish the recommendations for the reauthorized program in the Federal Register, hold a meeting at which the public may present its views on such recommendations, and provide for a period of 30 days for the public to provide written comments on such recommendations. FDA will then consider such public views and comments and revise such recommendations as necessary. DATES: The public meeting will be held on August 15, 2016, from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. Please register for the meeting by August 8, 2016, at http://pdufareauthorization.eventbrite.com. Submit electronic or written comments to the public docket by August 22, 2016."
},
{
"docid": "D383592#0",
"title": "http://www.rx-wiki.org/index.php?title=Federal_pharmacy_law\nFederal pharmacy law",
"text": "\"Federal pharmacy law For over a century, federal legislation has been impacting the practice of pharmacy. In almost every case, the purpose of this legislation has been to protect the health, safety, and welfare of the patient from the potential risks of drug use or misuse. Most of this federal legislation has been initiated in response to issues and concerns at a certain point in time. For example, the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) was passed by Congress as a safety concern because of the deaths of over 100 individuals who consumed a drug product containing antifreeze. Other acts that followed also were the result of significant issues with national implications. While defining pharmacy practice and regulating the profession has primarily been left to the individual states based on the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution, the federal government regulates drug distribution through the Interstate Commerce Clause. This regulation of drug distribution often results, either directly or indirectly, in the regulation of the profession of pharmacy as well. The federal government also has implemented legislation affecting pharmacy practice based on participation in such programs as Medicaid. The counseling provisions of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act, while not directly requiring pharmacist actions, did require the individual state governments to establish expanded standards of practice or risk losing federal funding of their programs. In effect, a back door approach to regulating the profession was utilized."
},
{
"docid": "D2520472#0",
"title": "http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/promises/obameter/promise/73/allow-medicare-to-negotiate-for-cheaper-drug-price/\nAllow Medicare to negotiate for cheaper drug prices",
"text": "\"The Obameter Allow Medicare to negotiate for cheaper drug prices\"\"Allow Medicare to negotiate for cheaper drug prices. \"\" Sources: Obama health care plan Subjects: Government Efficiency, Health Care, Medicare, Retirement Updates Action unlikely before end of administration By Martha M. Hamilton on Wednesday, April 25th, 2012 at 3:30 p.m. As a candidate, Barack Obama promised to repeal a prohibition on Medicare negotiating directly with drug companies over prices for Medicare recipients. But it's widely viewed as unlikely to before the end of the current Obama administration. \"\" It's hard to tell you that anything will happen prior to the election this year. It's going to be a difficult year to get any kind of legislation passed,\"\" said David Certner, legislative policy director for AARP. \"\" It has not happened and isn't likely to happen,\"\" said Gail Wilensky, who directed the Medicare and Medicaid programs from 1990 to 1992 under President George H. W. Bush. \"\" The Obama administration only has so much control over that, but I doubt Congress is going to pass it,\"\" said Lee Goldberg, vice president of health policy for the non partisan National Academy of Social Insurance. Sen. Al Franken, D-Minn., has introduced a bill that would repeal the ban on negotiations, but it is stalled in the Senate Finance Committee. The administration included as part of its fiscal year 2013 budget a narrower proposa l allowing Medicare to negotiate prescription drug prices in the same manner as the Department of Veterans Affairs."
},
{
"docid": "D275590#0",
"title": "http://www.amcp.org/ManagedCareTerms/\nManaged Care Terms",
"text": "\"Managed Care Terms AAPCC - Adjusted Average Per Capita Cost The basis for Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) or Competitive Medical Plan (CMP) reimbursement under Medicare-risk contracts. The average monthly amount received per enrollee is currently calculated as 95 percent of the average costs to deliver medical care in the fee-for-service sector. It is the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ (CMS's) best estimate of the amount of money care costs for Medicare recipients under fee-for-service Medicare in a given area. The AAPCC is made up of 122 different rate cells; 120 of them are factored for age, sex, Medicaid eligibility, institutional status, and whether a person has both part A and part B of Medicare. Separate AAPCCs are calculated - usually at the county level - for Part A services and Part B services for the aged, disabled, and people with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Adjustments are made so that the AAPCC represents the level of spending that would occur if each county contained the same mix of beneficiaries. Medicare pays health plans 95 percent of the AAPCC, adjusted for the characteristics of the enrollees in each plan. See also Medicare Risk. AAPPO - American Association of Preferred Provider Organizations The leading national association of preferred provider organizations (PPOs) and affiliate organizations, and was established in 1983 to advance awareness of the benefits — greater access, choice and flexibility — that PPOs bring to American health care. Its mission is to be the most valued and effective advocate for the PPO Industry by: educating and informing the federal and state legislative and regulatory bodies, promoting PPO Industry best practices, advancing the business needs of Preferred Provider Networks and Payers, and promoting Preferred Provider Networks and PPO benefit products to purchasers, consumers, employers and the healthcare industry at large."
},
{
"docid": "D877238#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Food,_Drug,_and_Cosmetic_Act\nFederal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act Long title To prohibit the movement in interstate commerce of adulterated and misbranded food, drugs, devices, and cosmetics, and for other purposes. Acronyms (colloquial)FFDCA, \"\"FD&C Act\"\"Enacted by the 75th United States Congress Citations Public law 75-717Statutes at Large 52 Stat. 1040Codification Acts repealed Pure Food and Drug Act Titles amended 21 U. S. C.: Food and Drugs U. S. C. sections created 21 U. S. C. ch. 9 § 301 et seq. Legislative history Introduced in the Senate as S. 5 by Royal Copeland ( D – NY) on January 6, 1937Passed the Senate on March 9, 1937 (voice)Passed the House with amendment on June 1, 1938 (voice)Reported by the joint conference committee on June 10, 1938; agreed to by the Senate on June 10, 1938 (voice) and by the House on June 13, 1938 (voice)Signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on June 25, 1938Major amendments1951 Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act Amendments, PL 82–215, 65 Stat 6481962 Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act Amendments, PL 87–781, 76 Stat 780Fair Packaging and Labeling Act, PL 89–755, 80 Stat 1296Medical Device Regulation Act, PL 94–295, 90 Stat 539Radiation Control for Safety and Health Act, PL 90-602, 82 Stat 1173Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, PL 98-471, 98 Stat 1585Nutrition Labeling and Education Act (1990), PL 101-535, 104 Stat 2353Safe Medical Device Amendments of 1990, PL 101-629, 104 Stat 4511Food and Drug Administration Revitalization Act (1990), PL 101-635, 104 Stat 4583Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (1994), PL 103-417, 108 Stat 4332Food Quality Protection Act of 1996Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997, PL 105-115, 111 Stat 2296Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007, PL 110-85, 121 Stat 823 [1]The United States Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (abbreviated as FFDCA, FDCA, or FD&C ), is a set of laws passed by Congress in 1938 giving authority to the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to oversee the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics. A principal author of this law was Royal S. Copeland, a three-term U. S. Senator from New York. [ 2] In 1968, the Electronic Product Radiation Control provisions were added to the FD&C. Also in that year the FDA formed the Drug Efficacy Study Implementation (DESI) to incorporate into FD&C regulations the recommendations from a National Academy of Sciences investigation of effectiveness of previously marketed drugs. [ 3] The act has been amended many times, most recently to add requirements about bioterrorism preparations. The introduction of this act was influenced by the death of more than 100 patients due to a sulfanilamide medication where diethylene glycol was used to dissolve the drug and make a liquid form [4] (see elixir sulfanilamide disaster ). It replaced the earlier Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906."
},
{
"docid": "D3522213#0",
"title": "https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DevelopmentApprovalProcess/HowDrugsareDevelopedandApproved/ApprovalApplications/NewDrugApplicationNDA/default.htm\nNew Drug Application (NDA)",
"text": "New Drug Application (NDA)Share Tweet Linkedin Pin it Email Print Introduction For decades, the regulation and control of new drugs in the United States has been based on the New Drug Application (NDA). Since 1938, every new drug has been the subject of an approved NDA before U. S. commercialization. The NDA application is the vehicle through which drug sponsors formally propose that the FDA approve a new pharmaceutical for sale and marketing in the U. S. The data gathered during the animal studies and human clinical trials of an Investigational New Drug (IND) become part of the NDA. The goals of the NDA are to provide enough information to permit FDA reviewer to reach the following key decisions: Whether the drug is safe and effective in its proposed use (s), and whether the benefits of the drug outweigh the risks. Whether the drug's proposed labeling (package insert) is appropriate, and what it should contain. Whether the methods used in manufacturing the drug and the controls used to maintain the drug's quality are adequate to preserve the drug's identity, strength, quality, and purity. The documentation required in an NDA is supposed to tell the drug's whole story, including what happened during the clinical tests, what the ingredients of the drug are, the results of the animal studies, how the drug behaves in the body, and how it is manufactured, processed and packaged. The following resources provide summaries on NDA content, format, and classification, plus the NDA review process: Resources for NDA Submissions The following resources have been gathered to provide you with the legal requirements of a new drug application, assistance from CDER to help you meet those requirements, and internal NDA review principles, policies and procedures. Guidance Documents for NDAs Guidance documents represent the Agency's current thinking on a particular subject. These documents are prepared for FDA review staff and applicants/sponsors to provide guidelines to the processing, content, and evaluation/approval of applications and also to the design, production, manufacturing, and testing of regulated products."
},
{
"docid": "D2053729#0",
"title": "http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2010/01/history-medicare-influences-american-health-care.html\nThe history of Medicare and its influence on American health care",
"text": "The history of Medicare and its influence on American health care Kevin | Policy | January 13, 201016Share Tweet Share Originally published on Med Page Todayby Emily P. Walker, Med Page Today Washington Correspondent As Congress stands poised to make the most sweeping change to the U. S. healthcare system since the creation of Medicare, a look back at the incremental growth in that program may serve as a harbinger for the progress of healthcare reform. The program — which provides insurance for some 43 million elderly and disabled people — is considered both a huge success that has markedly improved the health of the nation’s elderly and an unbelievably complex, unsustainable program that accounts for an ever-increasing portion of the federal budget. “It’s a bizarre program that is absolutely essential to American healthcare,” said Theodore Marmor, a professor of public policy at Yale, and author of the book The Politics of Medicare. Feelings about Medicare vary from interest group to interest group. Most patients who are enrolled in Medicare like the program. “ It’s been very successful in getting seniors access to care that they hadn’t had before the program,” explained Gail Wilensky, an economist at the Galen Institute and administrator of the Health Care Financing Administration in the early ’90s. Before Medicare was created in 1965, only about 55% of seniors had health insurance, said Stuart Guterman, an economist at the Commonwealth Fund. Physicians, however, have had a love/hate relationship with the program. The onus has fallen on them to attempt to keep medical costs down, and yearly over at least the last decade they’ve had to fight proposed draconian cuts in reimbursement. But for some physicians, Medicare has proven to be their most reliable payer."
},
{
"docid": "D1950559#0",
"title": "http://whyquit.com/pr/082506.html\n\"\"\"Will Chantix really help me quit smoking?\"\"\"",
"text": "\"What's most notable about the above figures is that by the one month mark, non-medication quitters are already growing comfortable with natural dopamine pathway stimulation, while the average varenicline quitter still has another 8 weeks of treatment remaining before attempting to live without it. While 50% of 2011 non-medication UK SSS quitters were still smoke-free at 4 weeks, in Pfizer's clinical trials only about 18% of placebo group quitters in the Jorenby study, 21% in the Oncken study and about 23% in the Gonzales study were smoke-free at 4 weeks. How can that be? We know that varenicline's 12-week rate will decline by roughly half between weeks 12-52. History teaches that cold turkey quitters who are able to quit for a full month experience lower relapse rates than pharmacotherapy quitters at the same point, who have yet to end quitting product use. It's why conducting intellectually honest clinical trials which pit new products against real cold turkey quitters are so important. But with billions in profits at stake, it's why the industry cannot allow such studies to occur. On some unknown date during 2007, Pfizer started offering Chantix users live telephone support as part of its new \"\"Get Quit\"\" program. Today, Pfizer's Get Quit.com website offers a counseling and support menu which includes \"\"coaches,\"\" support email, phone calls, quitting tips, and immediate relapse crisis support if needed. Truth be known, only a tiny fraction of millions of Chantix users have used the website."
},
{
"docid": "D3294239#0",
"title": "http://www.health.pa.gov/Your-Department-of-Health/Offices%20and%20Bureaus/PaPrescriptionDrugMonitoringProgram/Pages/GeneralInfo.aspx\nPrescription Drug Monitoring Program",
"text": "\"Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Questions and Answers Quick Links General Q&APrescriber Q&APhysician-in-training Q&ADispenser Q&AGeneral Q&AQ: What is a Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP)? A: The PDMP is a statewide program that collects information about controlled substance prescription drugs that are dispensed to patients within the state. Q: Why does Pennsylvania have a PDMP? A: The Office of the Attorney General (OAG) operated the former PDMP. Previously, the PDMP required the reporting of Schedule II controlled substances only. The legislature passed a new law, Act 191 of 2014, which requires monitoring Schedule II through Schedule V controlled substances. The Pennsylvania Department of Health is responsible for the development and the day-to-day operations of the new system. Q: Do other states have PDMPs? A: 49 states, including Pennsylvania, have an operational prescription drug monitoring program or have enacted legislation to establish a PDMP and are in the process of creating one. Q: What is the purpose of the new PDMP?"
},
{
"docid": "D829045#0",
"title": "https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/EmergencyPreparedness/BioterrorismandDrugPreparedness/ucm109795.htm\nFDA's Decision Regarding Plan B: Questions and Answers",
"text": "FDA's Decision Regarding Plan B: Questions and Answers Share Tweet Linkedin Pin it Email Print Please see Questions and Answers, August 24, 20061. What is emergency contraception? Emergency contraception is a method of preventing pregnancy to be used after a contraceptive fails or after unprotected sex. It is not for routine use. Drugs used for this purpose are called emergency contraceptive pills, post-coital pills, or morning after pills. Emergency contraceptives contain the hormones estrogen and progestin (levonorgestrel), either separately or in combination. FDA has approved two products for prescription use for emergency contraception – Preven (approved in 1998) and Plan B (approved in 1999). 2. What is Plan B? Plan B is emergency contraception, a backup method to birth control."
}
] |
619804
|
what did the 19th amendment change
|
[
{
"docid": "D2827927#0",
"title": "http://www.studymode.com/essays/How-Did-The-19Th-Amendment-Change-1628487.html\nHow Did the 19th Amendment Change the United States",
"text": "\"How Did the 19th Amendment Change the United States Topics: Barack Obama, United States, Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution Pages: 1 (324 words)Published: April 23, 2013Period : History Ashley Stanton Subject: How did the 19th amendment change the United States 4-23-2013 The 19 th amendment gave women the right to vote. It was proposed on June 4, 1919 and ratified on August 18, 1920. The impact of the 19 th amendment was enormous it gave women the same power that men had. It created a strong influence and created a huge cultural impact. It gave the women of the era more confidence and a sense that they could accomplish and do more. The life style changes in the 1920's showed how big and important the impact of the nineteenth amendment was. Women had become much more confident and wanted to use this \"\"power\"\" in other areas, too. They gave up a lot of the \"\" controlling\"\" aspects of the Victorian age, from the long and buttoned up clothes to new outlooks of personal freedom they started to live outside the confines of being a house wife and home maker women got job outside the home, they started playing sports, they shortened their dresses and bobbed their hair and had fun !! The Roaring Twenties was a new age, and an age where women first started enjoying more freedom and influence. This has continued on to this very day and in my opinion there is still work needed to do to level the space between men and women."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D2011279#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/4158802/unit-5-lesson-25-flash-cards/\nUnit 5 Lesson 25",
"text": "19 terms bubbles5102Unit 5 Lesson 25Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Civil Rights movement People of all races working together, giving speeches, and protesting in the streets to change unfair state laws Civil War amends 13th, 14th, and 15th amends Grandfather clause If your grandfather could vote then you could vote Suffrage The right to vote13th Amend Abolished Slavery15th amend All men could vote Voting rights act Made it a law for all americans to have the right to vote14th amend Full citizenship to african americans19th amend Gave women the right to vote Literacy Test Requires that a person prove that he or she is able to write Poll tax A fee that a person must pay to vote Register To have your name added to a list24th Amendment Added to the Constitution in 1964, the right to vote in national elections shall not be denied because a person fails to pay a poll tax or any other tax, later on Congress said this law also applies to state elections26th Amendment Added to the Constitution in 1971 was added to the Constitution. The amendment grants the right to vote to any citizen who is eighteen years of age or older1. What were some of the restrictions on voting rights that kept various groups of people from voting? Some restrictions on voting were the Literacy tests, Poll tax and the grandfather clause2. Explain how each of the following groups of people gained the right to vote ˚African Americans ˚Eighteen-year olds ˚Native Americans ˚Women African Americans gained the right to vote through the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments. Which abolished slavery, granted full citizenship to African Americans, and guaranteed the right to vote to men regardless of their race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Eighteen year olds were granted the 26th amendment, since many of them had fought in the Vietnam war. Native Americans were given the Indian citizenship act, which fully recognized Indians as citizens of the united states, it also gave Indians the right to vote."
},
{
"docid": "D1797433#0",
"title": "http://newsok.com/article/3488857\nOklahoma was among first states to allow women's right to vote",
"text": "\"Advertisement Women march in a rally supporting the right for women to vote in elections in 1912. - THE ASSOCIATED PRESSToday marks the 90th anniversary of women's suffrage, a decades-long struggle won by women who peaceably convinced male voters to share their power. The 19th Amendment, which gives women the right to vote, was signed and ratified Aug. 26, 1920. But Oklahoma women had been voting for more than a year by that time. Nationwide, the debate was heated and many people were arrested, but the movement was nonviolent, said Molly Murphy Mac Gregor, executive director and co-founder of the National Women's History Project. \"\" In order to secure the vote,\"\" she said, \"\"women had to convince men it was in their best interest. Women did everything they could, from having parades to lobbying to expressing (their views) husband to wife. \"\" Western states were more open to the idea of women voting, Mac Gregor said. Rural communities were key because women often worked alongside their husbands, farming and building a homestead. The same was true in Oklahoma."
},
{
"docid": "D2111258#0",
"title": "http://www.123helpme.com/search.asp?text=equal+rights+amendment\n.",
"text": "\"Title Length Color Rating The Failed Ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment in the U. S. - The ERA was introduced in every Congress since 1923, and yet it still failed to gain ratification. The ERA was the Equal Rights Amendment, which means that equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex. I believe it was never passed because of many reasons. One reason was because some ERA supports got offended by other supports who were very obnoxious, which was a backlash on feminist tactics. ( Doc. E & F) Another is that men and women might switch places, and it would be a threat to traditional roles. ( Doc.... [tags: Equal Rights Amendment, USA, feminism, ]460 words (1.3 pages) Good Essays [preview]The 19th Amendment: Equal Rights to Vote - The 19th amendment states that the United States Constitution prohibits any United States citizen from being denied the right to vote on the basis of sex. The 19th amendment was a significant turning point for many women in America. It gave women freedom that they didn’t have before. Before this amendment was passed many women had no self portrayal, something they couldn’t reach with a male figure ruling next to them."
},
{
"docid": "D1686937#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/26595769/constutition-flash-cards/\nConstutition",
"text": "\"39 terms rexjones44 PLUSConstutition Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort What was the purpose of the Constitutional Convention? To Revise the articles of confederation What was one of the most striking characteristics of the farmers of the constitution? The youth Which leaders of the revolutionary ear did not attend the constitutional convention? Thomas Jefferson/John Adams/Thomas Payne What was a compromise congress made about slave trade? For 20 years they were forbidden the power to act on the slave trade. What would each states representation in congress be based on under the Virginia Plan? Population What compromise resolved the dispute between the Virginia and NJ Plan? The great Compromise What did Southerners at the constitutional convention insist the congress be forbidden the authority to tax?"
},
{
"docid": "D3415234#0",
"title": "http://www.123helpme.com/search.asp?text=Amendment\n.",
"text": "\"Title Length Color Rating The Fisrt Amendment Analysis: Basic Freedom - The interpretation of the first amendment has been seen throughout our history and, it had either been incorporated in a manner of conservancy or alteration. The first amendment basically describes what congress was under limited power to and, our basic freedoms. However, the concern was never questioned if the state government can curb those liberties since during the ratification of the bill there was little concern of this even being true. This had proven to be reality later on with the various cases that questioned not only the first, but several other amendments.... [tags: first amendment, amendments, freedom]617 words (1.8 pages) Good Essays [preview]The Codification of the Fourth Amendment - The most difficult problem that arises for the courts because of technology is the codification of the Fourth Amendment to apply to technological change and progress. The vast changes technology brings to surveillance, security, and data collection offer a challenge to courts in classifying these new technologies and monitoring their use within the limits of the Fourth Amendment. The Fourth Amendment states that people have the right to be “secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures.” An influential dissent written by Louis Brandeis contends that the amendment does not simply protect a person’s property but the “right to be let alone.”... [ tags: technologicals change, privacy, amendment]:: 1 Works Cited1212 words (3.5 pages) Strong Essays [preview]The US Constitution: The Difficulty of Adding an Amendment - The United States Constitution is considered to be more concise as well as much older than the constitutions of other nations worldwide. Although the United States Constitution is mature, there are such a limited number of amendments that have been added to the Constitution since it was created. Only twenty-seven amendments, including the Bill of Rights, have been added to the Constitution since its creation."
},
{
"docid": "D3093996#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_did_womens_roles_change_in_the_1920s\nHow did womens roles change in the 1920s?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States How did womens roles change in the 1920s? Flag How did womens roles change in the 1920s? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. The role of women changed significantly in the 1920s. The 19th Amendment to the US Constitution gave women the opportunity to vote and take a more proactive role in politics. Women were allowed to attend colleges and universities throughout the country. More women were working outside of the home as well during this time. Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No D170580n 33 Contributions How did life change for American women in the 1920s? They were allowed to vote and stuff What were the roles of women in the 1920s?chipa Cassie Brough 1 Contribution How did the 1920s drastically change the role of women?"
},
{
"docid": "D1679978#0",
"title": "http://thenagain.info/WebChron/USA/19Amend.html\nThe 19th Amendment is Ratified",
"text": "\"The demand for the right to vote of American women was first seriously devised at Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. In 1848, Lucretia Coffin Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, on July 19 and 20, organized the Seneca Falls convention (Flexner 74). In this convention, Stanton drafted the Declaration of Sentiments, which was modeled after the Declaration of Independence. The document listed various forms of discrimination against women including the denial of suffrage. Also, they claimed equal rights in universities, professions, and the right to share in all political offices, and demanded equality in marriage, freedom, and various rights that men had (Porter 139). Two weeks later, the convention moved to Rochester, New York; one and a half year later, another in Salem, Ohio; another in Worcester, Massachusetts; and another in Philadelphia, once every year from 1850-1860-all passing for the same thing, which was woman's rights (Flexner 80-81). Back to \"\"The Era of the World Wars\"\" Chronology In the years after the convention, and during the Civil War, the movement was small and continued that way until the 1880's. This happened because members were not formally acknowledged, and they could not come to an agreement on what issues of reform to support, which caused conflict among the suffragists. Two organizations developed after disagreement of whether or not to support black suffrage: American Woman Suffrage Association and the National Woman Suffrage Association. Leaders of the American Woman Suffrage Association, which was organized on a delegate basis (152), were Lucy Stone and Julie Ward Howe."
},
{
"docid": "D2308569#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_amendments_have_expanded_voting_rights_to_more_people\nWhich of the 27 amendments expanded voting rights?",
"text": "Skepticalchymist 3,439 Contributions Which of the 27 amendments expanded voting rights? The Fifteenth Amendment prohibited discrimination of the right to vote based on race or former status of involuntary servitude. The Seventeenth Amendment provided for the d …How have constitutional amendments been used to expand civil rights and the right to vote? Constitutional amendments have been used to expand civil rights andthe right to vote by allowing blacks and women to vote. The 15thamendment states that governments cannot den …What amendments were added to the Constitution so that more people would have the right to vote? The 14th and the 20 Amendments were added in the 19th and 20thcenturies. The 14th Amendment allowed men of all races to vote andthe 20th Amendment allowed all women to vote. What 6 amendments deal with expanding voting rights?14 15 19 24 26Several amendments expanded what the right to vote? Several Amendments expanded suffrage, or the right to vote. Nataliemariedionne 14,447 Contributions Which amendment gives people the right to vote in the US?"
},
{
"docid": "D1712483#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080923174220AApXi78\nWhat did the 15th amendment declare?",
"text": "\"Arts & Humanities History What did the 15th amendment declare?social study history civil war1 following Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. THE EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT Section 1. Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex. Section 2. The Congress shall have the power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. Section 3. This amendment shall take effect two years after the date of ratification."
},
{
"docid": "D2529145#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_was_19th_Amendment_created\nWhat is the effect of the 19th amendment?",
"text": "Lexii 101 1 Contribution What is the effect of the 19th amendment? Answer . This amendment gave women the right to vote. Edit What does the 19th amendment state? Basically it States that women get the same rights as men do. Edit Zephr09 2 Contributions What did the 19th amendment do?it gave women the right to vote Edit Zonka 8,197 Contributions What is the 19th amendment? It states women have the right to vote. Edit Dwellendorf174 20 Contributions When was the 19th amendment created? Well long story short this amendment got created in 1865 but took the women a long time to get it passed and in 1920 it became an amendment Edit Abulafia 853 Contributions What is the historical purpose of the 19th Amendment? The 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote (August 26, 1920. )"
},
{
"docid": "D1673831#0",
"title": "http://www.usconstitution.net/constkids4.html\nU.S. Constitution",
"text": "\"This file is intended for students in grades 4 through 7. Other versions of this page are available: The Constitution for Kids: Kindergarten through 3rd Grade The Constitution for Kids: 8th through 12th Grade Pictures of the Constitution The main site Want to change this page's colors? Choose a new skin!If you have any questions about any words or ideas on this page, please ask your parents or teachers for help. Understanding the Constitution is important for all Americans, even kids!If there is anything that could be improved on this page, please let the Webmaster know!The Constitution is the base for all laws in the United States. The Basics The Constitution is the highest law in the United States. All other laws come from the Constitution. It says how the government works. It creates the Presidency. It creates the Congress. It creates the Supreme Court."
},
{
"docid": "D1535530#0",
"title": "https://prezi.com/g_b6czfnmqhl/the-19th-and-26th-amendments/\nThe 19th and 26th Amendments",
"text": "\"Public & reusable Create your own Make a copy Share Embed Like The 19th and 26th Amendments United States History Honors- 1.05 A New Southby Cassie Fonsecaon 6 February 2013Tweet Comments ( 0)Please log in to add your comment. Report abuse Transcript of The 19th and 26th Amendments In Conclusion The 26th Amendment was proposed mostly to allow soldiers that were drafted at the age of 18 in the Vietnam War to vote. They felt that if they were old enough to fight, they were old enough to vote. This pressured Congress to adopt the 26th Amendment, allowing 18 year old's to vote. The 19th Amendment was proposed after African American males gained suffrage from the United States. Women felt they should be able to vote too. This led to the women's rights movement in which women fought for their rights and also became more independent, taking political action and even servicing in the work industry. This then led to the 19th amendment, allowing women to vote. How do they protect citizen's rights? The 19th and 26th Amendment 26th The 26th Amendment made sure that anyone who is legally an adult could vote."
},
{
"docid": "D3522679#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/In_what_year_did_African_American_women_gain_the_right_to_vote\nWhat amendment gave African-american women the right to vote?",
"text": "\"Nohlja 54 Contributions What amendment gave African-american women the right to vote? The 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote. The 15th gave African-Americans the right to vote. Thus, African-American women could not vote until both of the amendment …Gangster Tank 12 Contributions When did women gain the right to vote? Women gained the right to vote around the 1920's, when many feminist activists stood up for women's rights. Traciesmall 3 Contributions What year did native Americans gain the right to vote? This question varies from state to state and county to county, throughout the U. S.; due to the various counties throughout the U. S. abiding by the Indian Citizenship Act of 19 …What year did women gain the right to vote in the US? The year women gained the right to vote in the US was in 1908. . Chc2 15,983 Contributions What year did women gain right to vote? In New Zealand it was in 1893 South Australian Colony 1894 Wyoming Territory 1869 Various countries adopted suffrage for women at different times What years were African Americans and women not allowed to vote?"
},
{
"docid": "D1847691#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-best-amendment-to-the-U-S-Constitution-Why-is-it-considered-the-best\nWhat is the best amendment to the U.S. Constitution? Why is it considered the best?",
"text": "\"U. S. House of Representatives U. S. Senate United States Supreme Court Justices U. S. Supreme Court U. S. Congress U. S. Constitutional Law Constitutions U. S. Constitution Politics of the United States of America What is the best amendment to the U. S. Constitution? Why is it considered the best?8 Answers Mike Lawton Answered Aug 18, 2016I would argue the most important amendment is the First Amendment. The First Amendment protects five liberties: a person’s right to the freedom of speech, the freedom of religion, the freedom of the press, the right to assemble, and the right to petition the government. Congress and the states ( Gitlow v. New York: applied First Amendment to the states) cannot make a law that inhibits anyone of these individual liberties. However, the government has gone around the First Amendment to silence dissenters (Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 and Sedition Acts of 1918 to name a few). Throughout the First and Second Red Scares, free speech was greatly limited. Communists and socialists were persecuted for exercising their right to the freedom of speech. It was not until Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969), that the freedom of speech was properly restored. George Washington understood the importance of the freedom of speech when he aptly said “If the freedom of speech is taken away, then dumb and silent we may be led, like sheep to the slaughter”. I would argue the press is also plays a very important role in keeping the government in check."
},
{
"docid": "D2529144#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_was_the_19th_amendment_created\nWhat is the effect of the 19th amendment?",
"text": "Lexii 101 1 Contribution What is the effect of the 19th amendment? Answer . This amendment gave women the right to vote. What does the 19th amendment state? Basically it States that women get the same rights as men do. Zephr09 2 Contributions What did the 19th amendment do?it gave women the right to vote Zonka 8,220 Contributions What is the 19th amendment? It states women have the right to vote. Abulafia 853 Contributions What is the historical purpose of the 19th Amendment? The 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote (August 26, 1920. ) Hut77612hj828ugi 7,572 Contributions Where did the 19th amendment start?"
},
{
"docid": "D2693425#0",
"title": "https://usconstitution.net/constamnotes.html\nNotes on the Amendments",
"text": "\"Quick Links: FAQ Topics Forums Documents Timeline Kids Vermont Constitution Map Citation Notes on the Amendments Advertisement Each Amendment to the Constitution came about for a reason — to overrule a Supreme Court decision, to force a societal change, or to revise the details of the Constitution. This page will give an overview of how each Amendment came to be. The process for adopting an amendment is outlined elsewhere, as is the ratification history of each Amendment. A list of failed amendments is also available. Quick links: Bill of Rights (1-10) , 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th. The Bill of Rights (Amendments 1 through 10) As noted on the Constitutional Convention Topic Page, several delegates to the convention refused to sign the newly drafted constitution because it did not include a bill of rights. Bills of rights were typically parts of the constitutions of the several states of the day (and today), placed there to ensure that certain rights were recognized by the government. Most of the delegates did not feel such a bill was necessary, and other may have been on the fence but were weary from the months of negotiations. The lack of a bill of rights was one of the main arguments that Anti-Federalists used to try to convince the public to reject the Constitution. But the need for change was all too evident, and it was not rejected."
},
{
"docid": "D1463279#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080902092118AA5kOKJ\nWhen did Black Women get their right to vote?",
"text": "\"Society & Culture Cultures & Groups Other - Cultures & Groups When did Black Women get their right to vote? I know that there is a Bill that has to be signed every x amount of years just so black people can vote. But was that for all black people? This lady I work with keeps telling me how important it is for all women to vote because of the struggle. And she sent me some photos from like 1920. But I'm like that wasn't... show more2 following 17 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: On August 26, 1920 women were given the right to vote. But, because many African Americans can not afford to pay poll taxes, were denied to right to vote. In 1940, only 3% of eligible African Americans in the South were registered to vote. So, African american women were able to vote in 1920, but most couldnt, because of the pricey poll taxes.kelverrr · 10 years ago13 3 Comment This Site Might Help You. RE: When did Black Women get their right to vote?"
},
{
"docid": "D2854574#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_19th_amendment_do\nWhat did the 19th Amendment do to change the US Constitution?",
"text": "Iluvboys 638 Contributions What did the 19th Amendment do to change the US Constitution?gave women the right to vote The 19th Amendment was passed by Congress on June 4, 1919 and was ratified on August 18, 1920. it also gave us women the same rights as men an …Lexii 101 1 Contribution What is the effect of the 19th amendment? Answer . This amendment gave women the right to vote. What does the 19th amendment state? Basically it States that women get the same rights as men do. Zonka 8,231 Contributions What is the 19th amendment? It states women have the right to vote. Abulafia 853 Contributions What is the historical purpose of the 19th Amendment?\\n The 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote (August 26, 1920. ) Hut77612hj828ugi 7,572 Contributions Where did the 19th amendment start?"
},
{
"docid": "D182237#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/18652327/government-flash-cards/\nGovernment",
"text": "\"343 terms Kristen_Dansberger Government Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sortlegislative power power to make law and frame public policiespublic policy deliberate plan of action designed to guide governmental decisionsstate a political unit or body of people living within a specific territory under one federal governmentsovereignty none of the 50 states in the U. S. represent examples of a \"\"state\"\" because they lack this basic characteristic:a county or city is considered soverign because it is subordinate to a larger form of government Which of the following statements about soverign states is NOT true? NOT authors of declaration of Independence, NOT the people of a state Which of the following would be most threatened by the social contract theory?social contract John Locke is associated with this major political theory of governmentsocial contract Of the four major theories of government, only this one focuses on protecting the rights of the governedpreamble The goals of the Founding Fathers for the new government, under the U. S. constitution, are contained in the Social Contract Theory What is the theory used in the United States that involves people giving their freedom to the government in order to protect life, liberty, and person property?totalitarian dictatorship This is NOT one of Aristotle's classifications of governmenta democracy Any system of government in which rule is by the people is calledautocracy Totalitarian dictatorship is a form of this type of governmentmajority rule requirement of democracyall of the above (defending nation against foreign enemies, insuring order and domestic tranquility, promoting general welfare of citizens) Which of the following is among the purposes of government outlined in the Preamble of the Constitution? Korematsu v. United States A Supreme Court case in which minority rights were ignored waselectoral college All of the following are characteristics of democracy EXCEPTdirect and representative What are the two types of democracies?active participation, favorable economy, widespread education, civil society, and social consensus What are the \"\"soils\"\" of democracy?public schools may not exclude students because of their sex or race Which of the following illustrates the concept of equal opportunity?those of royal birth had absolute authority to rule The theory underlying modern democracies was developed to challenge the idea that False When supplies of goods and services become plentiful, prices tend to riseineffectiveness and gridlock What would be the most likely result of a direct democracy at the national levelcompromise In order to get laws passed, this is an absolute necessity Arizona This state had a successful experience with Internet voting in 2000potential for voter fraud One of the problems with Internet voting is18 Citizens of the United States can vote when they turn this agerepresentative government system in which elected officials act in the interest of the people Petition of Right Parliament first limited the power of the Crown under thesocial contract theory The concept of a limited government comes from this theory of government6th and 7th The right to trial by jury has its roots in the Magna Carta and is contained in these two amendments in the U. S. Constitutionit stated that the King was not above the law The Magna Carta had this specific effect on the monarchy3rd The Petition of Right forbids the mandatory quartering of troops in private homes, this is part of the U. S. Bill of Rights in this amendment Pennsylvania All of the English colonies had a bi-cameral legislation exceptcharter Of the three types of English colonies, this one was the most independentthe king Who gives the authority to colonize in a charter colony? Magna Carta The landmark English document that guarenteed due process ispopular sovereignty The Constitution is based on the concept of Constitutional amendment The Founders created a Constitution that could be adapted for the future throughjudicial review If the Supreme Court rules a law unconstitutional, under which principle would the court be exercising its authority? Amendments This section of the Constitution is responsive to the needs of a changing nationveto The President can check Congress by this powerdescribes the legislative branch Article I of the Constitutiondescribes the executive branch Article II of the Constitutiondescribes the Supreme Court Article III of the Constitutionarticle four The full faith and credit clause, allowing states to recognize legal procedures such as marriage, is contained in this articlethe Constitution would be a living, breathing document that would change with the times The framers created Article 5 to ensure that Florida v. California The Supreme Court would have original jurisdiction over which of the following caseselastic clause The \"\"necessary and proper\"\" clause, which gives Congress broad power in lawkmaking, is also known as thethe Judiciary Act of 1789 The judicial branch of government received the majority of its structure and power fromexecutive The federal agency known as the CIA is most likely under the ____ branch of governmentvoted into office directly by the people The legislative branch is the only branch that isbecause it is the biggest branch and divided power amongst the most amount of people Why would the framers want Congress to be more powerful than the executive branch?federal bureaucracies The executive branch has expanded its power through whatstates revoked their ratification The Equal Rights Amendment caused questions becausepetition appeal to Congresstreaty agreement between nationsratification amendment approvalhe can declare war All of the following are powers of the President except False All formal constitutional amendments must be proposed by Congresssuccession The 25th amendment became a formal amendment that dealt with this informal amendment involving the presidency. Name the issue NOT changes are made through practice How are informal changes made to the constitution?a power numbered in the Constitution An example of congressional enumerated power isnational convention There are two ways to propose an amendment, one is by receiving two-thirds votes from Congress, the second is by a Civil War amendments 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments make up thechange of venue This is asked for when a defendant cannot receive an impartial trial in the original locationeliminating poll taxes The 24th amendment helped African Americans to vote byprotects free speech First Amendment Bill of Rights protects individual liberties It established separate ballots for the President and Vice President in the electoral college How did the 12th amendment change the electoral process? It abolished poll taxes so every citizen who registered could vote Why was the 24th amendment important to voters?inherent powers The national government's control of immigration is an example ofimplied develop space program, conduct draft, regulate nuclear power plantsan enabling act For a territory to be admitted to the Union, the first step was for Congress to passobligation of the states contributing monies to help pay for national electionsexpressed powers power directly granted to the national government by the Constitution National Governors Association supports federalism by helping create state policy and enforcing national policythe President has the power to dispatch federal troops to restore order to or provide protection to the states False The President admits new states and Congress sets the conditionsexpressed The power of the national government to declare war is most likely this specific power Enabling Act As the US was growing at the end of the 19th century how were the states' admissions controlled?major parties the dominant political parties in the United Stateswork to get candidates elected to political offices In the United States, a political party is made up of a group of people whoto unite people and concentrate solely on one public policy matter Which of the following is not a major function of either of the two major parties in the United States?based on personal choice Membership in either of the two major parties isall of the above (nominating candidates for office, insuring good performance of their elected candidates, providing a mechanism for the conduct of government) The functions of the major parties in the United States politics includetwo The United States has this number of major political partiesensure that details of possible scandals do not reach the public Which of the following is not an official function of political partiessupport them If you are partisan to the Democratic Party youto reach a compromise on national issues Which of the following is not a function of a political party?the party who is in control of the executive branch A political party also serves as a watchdog of government. Who are they watching?partisanship Congress and the State legislatures are often organized on party lines and conduct much of their business based onelectorate the people eligible to vote in any given electionone party controlled Congress while the other controlled the presidency The era of one-party domination that began in 1968 was different from past eras of one-party domination because1977 The year ___ marked the beginning of the shortest period of time in which a major political party held the presidential officea lack of bill of rights This was a major complaint of the Anti-Federalists during the ratification (period) of the constitutionthe Democratic-Republican party By 1800, the Federalist party was one of the major political parties and this party was the other onereturn of the Republicans Which of the following is not one of the major eras of one party domination in American history?the presidency will go ba"
},
{
"docid": "D1174344#0",
"title": "https://kids.laws.com/19th-amendment\n19th Amendment",
"text": "19th Amendment19th Amendment Share The 19th amendment is a very important amendment to the constitution as it gave women the right to vote in 1920. You may remember that the 15th amendment made it illegal for the federal or state government to deny any US citizen the right to vote. For some reason, this did not apply to women. The 19th amendment changed this by making it illegal for any citizen, regardless of gender, to be denied the right to vote. The movement to allow women the right to vote through the 19th amendment was the Suffrage movement. You may have heard of women such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who were key figures in the Suffrage movement. The Suffrage movement has been going on since the Civil War, but the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments did not cover the rights of women to vote. These women were the original authors of the 19th amendment although it took forty-one years before the government would even consider ratifying the 19th amendment. Many lawmakers feared that women would vote in large groups, which would affect the outcome of elections. The 19th amendment unified suffrage laws across the United States."
}
] |
619813
|
what did the naacp do
|
[
{
"docid": "D126043#0",
"title": "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-the-naacp.htm\nWhat is the NAACP?",
"text": "\"The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is an American organization that was founded on 12 February 1909 to promote the rights of minorities. The group consists of different departments that are concerned with various aspects of minority rights, such as legal, education, and employment. The NAACP was created by a group of people — both black and white — inspired by W. E. B. De Bois and the Niagara Movement. W. E. B. De Bois was the first black person in the United States to earn a doctorate degree from Harvard; his book, The Souls of Black Folk, was published in 1903, and he led an anti-segregation movement called the Niagara Movement. The movement began because not one American hotel would allow the group of black men to register, so they stayed on the Canadian side of Niagara Falls. De Bois became the organization's director and edited a publication called Crisis. The white people involved in the creation of the NAACP included philosopher John Dewey, social worker Jane Adams, editor Oswald Garrison Villard, and novelist William Dean Howells. Although best known for its work promoting the rights of African Americans, the organization, with headquarters in Maryland, also promotes the rights of other minorities such as Native Americans, Asian Americans, and Jewish Americans. Ad In 1919, the NAACP held a symposium about lynching and published a report entitled \"\"Thirty Years of Lynching in the United States: 1889 - 1918.\"\" The group supported Missouri Congressman Leonidas C. Dyer's proposed federal anti-lynching bill, and although the bill did pass the House on 26 January 1922, it did not pass in the Senate."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1176545#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurgood_Marshal\nThurgood Marshall",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Thurgood Marshal)navigation search For people and institutions etc. named after Thurgood Marshall, see Thurgood Marshall (disambiguation). Thurgood Marshall Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States In office August 30, 1967 – October 1, 1991 [1]Nominated by Lyndon B. Johnson Preceded by Tom Clark Succeeded by Clarence Thomas32nd Solicitor General of the United States In office August 23, 1965 – August 30, 1967President Lyndon B. Johnson Preceded by Archibald Cox Succeeded by Erwin Griswold Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit In office October 5, 1961 – August 23, 1965Nominated by John F. Kennedy Preceded by Seat established Succeeded by Wilfred Feinberg Personal details Born Thoroughgood Marshall July 2, 1908 Baltimore, Maryland, U. S. Died January 24, 1993 (aged 84) Bethesda, Maryland, U. S. Political party Democratic Spouse (s) Buster Burey (1929–1955; her death) Cecilia Suyat (1955–1993; his death)Children Thurgood John Education Lincoln University, Pennsylvania ( BA)Howard University ( LLB)Thurgood Marshall (July 2, 1908 – January 24, 1993) was an American lawyer, serving as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court's 96th justice and its first African-American justice. Prior to his judicial service, he successfully argued several cases before the Supreme Court. Born in Baltimore, Maryland, Marshall graduated from the Howard University School of Law in 1933. He established a private legal practice in Baltimore before founding the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, where he served as executive director. In that position, he argued several cases before the Supreme Court, including Smith v. Allwright, Shelley v. Kraemer, and Brown v. Board of Education, which held that racial segregation in public education is a violation of the Equal Protection Clause. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy appointed Marshall to United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Four years later, President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Marshall as the United States Solicitor General."
},
{
"docid": "D651967#0",
"title": "http://www.pbs.org/harrymoore/harry/legacy.html\n.",
"text": "\"Moore's Legacy Myrlie Evers-Williams, Former Chairwoman, NAACP Board of Directors\"\"Often times we hear people say today that the civil rights movement started when Rosa Parks sat on the bus in the wrong place, or that it really started with Dr. King. What we fail to recognize when reporting the facts of the Civil Rights movement, of the modern Civil Rights movement is that there were people involved without names, who were not known, in challenging a system of inequality in the 40s and in the 50s, but you seldom see anything documented about those cases. \"\" Evangeline Moore, Daughter\"\"This is a man who devoted his entire life, I mean his whole life, even our family life hinged around his activities with the NAACP and The Progressive Voter's League...they all talk about Dr. King, that's great, but Daddy did the same thing. In fact, he started it, the movement. In fact, he had no lieutenants or bodyguards, or no one to fly him to this place or the other. He had absolutely nobody but us, and yet he accomplished all of those things- the voting, the teacher salaries, all of the lynchings that he investigated. That's very important, a very important part of history. \"\" Caroline Emmons, Historian\"\"I think that the style that he pioneered is one that ultimately would be adopted by other civil rights groups in the sixties who went back to a community based organizing style. You had King with the SCLC working on sort of a broader base, but I think he very much predates that kind of work with the SNC, the youth activist used. The idea of going into the community and educating and empowering people at the grassroots level I think that was very much a characteristic of the sixties civil rights movement."
},
{
"docid": "D2074721#0",
"title": "http://www.salon.com/2013/02/03/rosa_parks_i_had_been_pushed_as_far_as_i_could_stand/\nRosa Parks: âI had been pushed as far as I could standâ",
"text": "\"Rosa Parks: “I had been pushed as far as I could stand”On her 100th birthday, a new book argues the civil rights icon’s rebellion goes beyond that one famous refusal Jeanne Theoharis02.03.2013 • 8:00 AMExcerpted from“The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks”“Whites would accuse you of causing trouble when all you were doing was acting like a normal human being instead of cringing,” Rosa Parks explained. “ You didn’t have to wait for a lynching.” Such were the assumptions of black deference that pervaded mid-20th century Montgomery, Ala. The bus with its visible arbitrariness and expected servility stood as one of the most visceral experiences of segregation. “ You died a little each time you found yourself face to face with this kind of discrimination,” she noted. Blacks constituted the majority of bus riders, paid the same fare, yet received inferior and disrespectful service — often right in front of and in direct contrast to white riders. “ I had so much trouble with so many bus drivers,” Parks recalled. That black people comprised the majority of riders made for even more galling situations on the bus. Some routes had very few white passengers yet the first 10 seats on every bus were always reserved for whites. Thus, on many bus routes, black riders would literally stand next to empty seats. Those blacks able to avoid the bus did so, and those who had the means drove cars."
},
{
"docid": "D1148328#0",
"title": "http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/the-civil-rights-movement-in-america-1945-to-1968/medgar-evers/\nMedgar Evers",
"text": "\"Medgar Evers Citation: C N Trueman \"\"Medgar Evers\"\" historylearningsite.co.uk. The History Learning Site, 27 Mar 2015. 9 Apr 2018. Medgar Evers was the field secretary of the NAACP and a major figure in civil rights history. Evers paid the ultimate price for his commitment to the cause of civil rights when he was murdered on June 12th, 1963. Medgar Evers was born in 1925 in Decatur, Mississippi. Mid-twenties Mississippi epitomised the White attitude to African Americans in the South. Few black children went to school, segregation in just about all aspects of life existed, most African Americans there could only expect the most menial of jobs. Lynching was used to keep the blacks ‘in their place’. The KKK was strong in Mississippi."
},
{
"docid": "D3324036#0",
"title": "http://www.grandtimes.com/rosa.html\n.",
"text": "\"Rosa Parks The Woman Who Changed a Nation By Kira Albin, interview conducted in 1996 Photos courtesy of Monica Morgan Photography and Zondervan Publishing House When Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man forty years ago on December 1, 1955, she was tired and weary from a long day of work. At least that's how the event has been retold countless times and recorded in our history books. But, there's a misconception here that does not do justice to the woman whose act of courage began turning the wheels of the civil rights movement on that fateful day. Rosa Parks was physically tired, but no more than you or I after a long day's work. In fact, under other circumstances, she would have probably given up her seat willingly to a child or elderly person. But this time Parks was tired of the treatment she and other African Americans received every day of their lives, what with the racism, segregation, and Jim Crow laws of the time. \"\" Our mistreatment was just not right, and I was tired of it,\"\" writes Parks in her recent book, Quiet Strength, (Zondervan Publishing House, 1994). \"\" I kept thinking about my mother and my grandparents, and how strong they were. I knew there was a possibility of being mistreated, but an opportunity was being given to me to do what I had asked of others. \"\" The rest of Parks' story is American history...her arrest and trial, a 381-day Montgomery bus boycott, and, finally, the Supreme Court's ruling in November 1956 that segregation on transportation is unconstitutional."
},
{
"docid": "D8061#0",
"title": "https://prezi.com/va0tsyupod4d/when-was-the-naacp-formed/\nWhen was the NAACP formed?",
"text": "\"Public & reusable Create your own Make a copy Share Embed Like When was the NAACP formed? No descriptionby Lexy Binghamon 2 December 2014Tweet Comments ( 0)Please log in to add your comment. Report abuse Transcript of When was the NAACP formed? The Formation of When was the NAACP formed? The NAACP was founded on February 12th of 1909 in New York City. Originally called the National Negroe Committee, the organization was founded by a group of bi-racial civil rights activists. It was founded by black and white Americans concerned with the condition of the black community in the U. S. These Americans were initially focused on ending the practice of lynching in America. Today, the NAACP is the oldest and largest civil rights organization. Why was the NAACP formed? The Springfield race riots of 1908 sparked the urgent need for an effective civil rights organization."
},
{
"docid": "D1122955#0",
"title": "http://chnm.gmu.edu/courses/schrag/wiki/index.php?title=Origins_of_the_Civil_Rights_Movement\nOrigins of the Civil Rights Movement",
"text": "\"Aldon D. Morris, The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement: Black Communities Organizing for Change, New York: The Free Press, 1984. 354 p. ISBN 0-02-922130-7Summary The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement: Black Communities Organizing for Change, by Aldon D. Morris, is a study of the first decade of the civil rights movement from 1953-1963. The author’s purpose is to explain how the civil tights movement came into being and became a major force. Morris also seeks to analyze the role in the movement of black masses, showing their organization and interconnectedness, thus refuting the popular view of unrelated spontaneous actions by various groups. As Morris says, “Social scientists for too long have portrayed the masses as a flock of sheep reacting blindly to uncontrollable forces.” ( p. vi) Instead, Morris describes an “organized and collective form of black protest,” constituting the “modern civil rights movement,” which he defines as “the black movement that emerged in the South during the 1950’s, when large masses of black people became directly involved in economic boycotts, street marches, mass meetings, going to jail by the thousands, and a whole range of disruptive tactics commonly referred to as nonviolent direct action.” ( p. ix)Morris describes the pervasive and oppressive system of segregation imposed on blacks in the South, which included personal, economic, and political oppression. Ironically, however, he finds that segregation did have positive consequences, saying, “It facilitated the development of black institutions and the building of close-knit communities.” He further states, “Segregation provided the constraining yet nurturing environment out of which a complex urban black society developed.” ( p. 3) He finds that the black church was the dominant institution and center of black society and states, “The black church functioned as the institutional center of the modern civil rights movement.” ("
},
{
"docid": "D2123978#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_Ku_Klux_Klan_attempt_to_do\nWhat did Ku Klux Klan attempt to do?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States African-American History What did Ku Klux Klan attempt to do? Flag What did Ku Klux Klan attempt to do? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. The KKK (Ku Klux Klan attempted to kill all the African American people for whatever they did they lynched them and other worse things like holding a ceremony and every family would bring their children to watch the slow and painful death of an African American.2 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Paul Woe 3 Contributions How was the Ku Klux Klan started? The Ku Klux Klan was the name of a number of secret societies in the past and present. The original KKK was started in the aftermath of the Civil War, when the Southern ex-Con …Why was the Ku Klux Klan created?to restore democratic control of the south,keep former slaves powerless Jorge Quinones 41,789 Contributions There are things that interest me. History covers them all. Since the ancient history to the life of Scientist Nikola Tesla. Why did the ku klux klan form?"
},
{
"docid": "D2888987#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_helped_form_the_NAACP\nWhy was the NAACP formed?",
"text": "Why was the NAACP formed?because they wanted to to Chernoff 221 Contributions Who formed the NAACP? W. E. B. Du Bois Girlcatdaddy123 3 Contributions How did the NAACP help African-Americans?how did the NAACP help??? in Rosa parks situation??? how did the NAACP help??? in Rosa parks situation??? Who helped create the NAACP? Several people had a hand in founding the NAACP including Ida B. Wells and W. E. B. Du Bois. The organization was founded in 1909. When was the NAACP formed? Feb. 12, 1909 partly due to the 1908 riot in Springfield Illinois."
},
{
"docid": "D1291335#0",
"title": "http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/the-civil-rights-movement-in-america-1945-to-1968/montgomery-bus-boycott/\nMontgomery Bus Boycott",
"text": "\"Montgomery Bus Boycott Citation: C N Trueman \"\"Montgomery Bus Boycott\"\" historylearningsite.co.uk. The History Learning Site, 27 Mar 2015. 10 Apr 2018. The Montgomery Bus Boycott started in December 1955. What happened in Montgomery is seen as a pivotal point in the whole civil rights story and brought to prominence a seamstress called Rosa Parks. The structure of southern society pre-1955 ensured that black Americans were very much second class citizens. Southern states had white only restaurants, white only rest zones in bus centres etc. In Montgomery, Alabama, buses were segregated (as was common elsewhere in the South) with specific areas on a bus reserved for white customers and other seats for black customers. The story behind the bus boycott seems simple – yet, as always, there is more to the story than first appears. After a full day’s work, Rosa Parks got a bus home."
},
{
"docid": "D2913236#0",
"title": "http://l3d.cs.colorado.edu/systems/agentsheets/New-Vista/bus-boycott/\nMONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT",
"text": "\"MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTTby Aryn Moulton, Nicole Phillips, Sabrina Styza and Sandy Gonzales In this web page we will be telling people about the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Rosa Parks, a black woman, refused to give up her seat to a white man. This triggered the Montgomery Bus Boycott, which ended bus segregation. This web page is to inform people about the events of the Bus Boycott. Below is a computer simulation to visually show and give an understanding of what happened in the Boycott. We all took John Zola's Protest and Reform History class. With this web page and simulation we would like to share what we have learned. HISTORY OF THE MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTTOn December 1, 1955 Rosa Parks, a 40 year old black seamstress, was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white man on the bus. \"\"... the only tired I was, was tired of giving in,\"\" says Rosa Parks. She was lso part of an organization, called the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.)"
},
{
"docid": "D3396660#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francys_Johnson\nFrancys Johnson",
"text": "\"Francys Johnson Francys Johnson is an American civil rights attorney, pastor and educator. He is in private practice as an attorney in Statesboro, Georgia. He has lectured on constitutional and criminal law, civil rights and race and politics at Savannah State University and Georgia Southern University. Long active in the NAACP in Georgia, in 2006 he was appointed as Southeast Region Director of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). After the national organization restructured and closed the regional offices, he served as Executive Director of the Georgia State Conference of the NAACP. On October 5, 2013, he was described as the civil rights organization's youngest President at the 71st Civil Rights Convention in Columbus, Georgia. [ 1] Johnson is the Convener of Moral Monday Georgia Movement, a multi-issue, multiracial, nonpartisan coalition of organizations aimed at restoring positive morality to public discourse, policy, and politics. Contents [ hide ]1 Early life and education2 Academic and legal career3 Civil rights4 Religious leader5 Marriage and family6 Legacy and honors7 References8 External links Early life and education [ edit]Johnson was born in Sylvania, Georgia, where he attended public schools. Johnson earned an undergraduate degree at Georgia Southern University and a law degree from the University of Georgia. [ 2] He was elected to the Pi Sigma Alpha Political Science Honor Society."
},
{
"docid": "D3546395#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynching_of_Jesse_Washington\nLynching of Jesse Washington",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Washington hanging from a tree after being severely burned Jesse Washington was a black teenage farmhand who was lynched in Waco, Texas, on May 15, 1916, in what became a well-known example of racially motivated lynching. Washington was convicted of raping and murdering Lucy Fryer, the wife of his white employer in rural Robinson, Texas. He was dragged out of the court by observers and lynched in front of Waco's city hall. Over 10,000 spectators, including city officials and police, gathered to watch the attack. There was a celebratory atmosphere at the event, and many children attended during their lunch hour. Members of the mob castrated Washington, cut off his fingers, and hung him over a bonfire. He was repeatedly lowered and raised over the fire for about two hours. After the fire was extinguished, his charred torso was dragged through the town and parts of his body were sold as souvenirs. A professional photographer took pictures as the event unfolded, providing rare imagery of a lynching in progress. The pictures were printed and sold as postcards in Waco."
},
{
"docid": "D460768#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/70314465/chapter-4-flash-cards/\nChapter 4",
"text": "\"90 terms deadbeatsummers Chapter 4Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort For which of the following do civil rights require equal protection? Civil rights require equal protection regardless of gender. At what point was the concept of equality enshrined in the U. S. Constitution? The concept of equality was enshrined in the Constitution with the ratification of the 14th Amendment. The Equal Protection Clause prohibits which type of discrimination? The Equal Protection Clause prohibits unreasonable discrimination. Affirmative action represents an example of which of the following? Affirmative action represents an example of guaranteeing equality of outcome. Which of the following represents an accurate description of what transpired in 1808? In 1808, the slave population numbered over one million."
},
{
"docid": "D2309440#0",
"title": "http://loc.gov/exhibits/civil-rights-act/segregation-era.html\nThe Civil Rights Act of 1964: A Long Struggle for Freedom The Segregation Era (1900â1939)",
"text": "\"Print Subscribe Share/Save The Civil Rights Act of 1964: A Long Struggle for Freedom The Segregation Era (1900–1939)Home | Exhibition Overview | Exhibition Items | Timelines | Multimedia | Public Programs | Learn More | Acknowledgments Sections: Prologue | The Segregation Era (1900–1939) | World War II and Post War (1940–1949) | Civil Rights Era (1950–1963) | The Civil Rights Act of 1964 | Immediate Impact of the Civil Rights Act | Epilogue Flag flown at NAACP headquarters, ca. 1920. NAACP Records, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (030.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACPAs segregation tightened and racial oppression escalated across the United States, some leaders of the African American community, often called the talented tenth, began to reject Booker T. Washington’s conciliatory approach. W. E. B. Du Bois and other black leaders channeled their activism by founding the Niagara Movement in 1905. Later, they joined white reformers in 1909 to form the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Early in its fight for equality, the NAACP used the federal courts to challenge disenfranchisement and residential segregation. Job opportunities were the primary focus of the National Urban League, which was established in 1910. During the Great Migration (1910–1920), African Americans by the thousands poured into industrial cities to find work and later to fill labor shortages created by World War I. Though they continued to face exclusion and discrimination in employment, as well as some segregation in schools and public accommodations, Northern black men faced fewer barriers to voting. As their numbers increased, their vote emerged as a crucial factor in elections. The war and migration bolstered a heightened self-confidence in African Americans that manifested in the New Negro Movement of the 1920s."
},
{
"docid": "D3320064#0",
"title": "http://teachersinstitute.yale.edu/curriculum/units/1978/2/78.02.02.x.html\nBooker T. Washington and W. E. B. DuBois: The Problem of Negro Leadership",
"text": "When you are finished viewing curriculum units on this Web site, please take a few minutes to provide feedback and help us understand how these units, which were created by public school teachers, are useful to others. THANK YOU—your feedback is very important to us!Give Feedback Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute Home Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois: The Problem of Negro Leadershipby Robert A. Gibson Contents of Curriculum Unit 78.02.02: Narrative Utilization of the Unit Bibliography Student Bibliography Audio-Visual Aids To Guide Entry The problem of Negro leadership during the twenty years between 1895 and 1915 will be covered in this unit of Afro-American History. The issues raised by the celebrated debate between Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois will be its central theme. For two decades Washington established a dominant tone of gradualism and accommodationism among blacks, only to find in the latter half of this period that the leadership was passing to more militant leaders such as W. E. B. Du Bois. During the four decades following reconstruction, the position of the Negro in America steadily deteriorated. The hopes and aspirations of the freedmen for full citizenship rights were shattered after the federal government betrayed the Negro and restored white supremacist control to the South. Blacks were left at the mercy of ex-slaveholders and former Confederates, as the United States government adopted a laissez-faire policy regarding the “Negro problem” in the South. The era of Jim Crow brought to the American Negro disfranchisement, social, educational, and occupational discrimination, mass mob violence, murder, and lynching. Under a sort of peonage, black people were deprived of their civil and human rights and reduced to a status of quasi-slavery or “second-class” citizenship. Strict legal segregation of public facilities in the southern states was strengthened in 1896 by the Supreme Court’s decision in the Plessy vs. Ferguson case."
},
{
"docid": "D2221202#0",
"title": "http://dcgogo.com/emmetttill02.html\n.",
"text": "\"a What is significant about the ring found on Emmett Till’s body? On August 19, 1955 a day before her son is to leave for a summer stay with family in Mississippi, Mamie Till gives Emmett the ring once owned by his father, Louis Till. It is inscribed with the initials L. T. On August 28, 1955 Roy Bryant, J. W. Milam kidnapped and killed Emmett Till. When Emmett Till’s body was found three days later on August 31, 1955 he was found in the Tallahatchie River. One eye was gouged out, and his crushed-in head had a bullet in it. The corpse was nearly unrecognizable; Moses Wright could only positively identify the body as Emmett's because it was wearing an initialed ring. The Lynching of Emmett Till The Untold Story of EMMETT LUIS TILL (Documentary 2005) by Keith Beauchamp Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 1:08:19When Was Emmett Till Born? What is significant about the ring found on Emmett Till's body? When did Emmett Till leave for Money, Mississippi?"
},
{
"docid": "D120851#0",
"title": "https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/brown/brown-segregation.html\nBrown v. Board at Fifty: âWith an Even Handâ A Century of Racial Segregation, 1849â1950",
"text": "Print Subscribe Share/Save Brown v. Board at Fifty: “With an Even Hand” A Century of Racial Segregation, 1849–1950Home | Overview | Exhibition Items | Learn More | Public Programs | Acknowledgments Sections: A Century of Racial Segregation | Brown v. Board of Education | The Aftermath An elementary school in Hurlock, Maryland, ca. 1935. Gelatin silver print. Visual Material from the NAACP Records, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (20A). Courtesy of the NAACP. [ Digital ID# cph 3c26579]After the abolition of slavery in the United States, three Constitutional amendments were passed to grant newly freed African Americans legal status: the Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery, the Fourteenth provided citizenship, and the Fifteenth guaranteed the right to vote. In spite of these amendments and civil rights acts to enforce the amendments, between 1873 and 1883 the Supreme Court handed down a series of decisions that virtually nullified the work of Congress during Reconstruction. Regarded by many as second-class citizens, blacks were separated from whites by law and by private action in transportation, public accommodations, recreational facilities, prisons, armed forces, and schools in both Northern and Southern states. In 1896 the Supreme Court sanctioned legal separation of the races by its ruling in H. A. Plessy v. J. H. Ferguson, which held that separate but equal facilities did not violate the U. S. Constitution's Fourteenth Amendment. Beginning in 1909, a small group of activists organized and founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)."
},
{
"docid": "D1925757#0",
"title": "http://www.rfcnet.org/archives/020601wt.htm\n.",
"text": "\"NAACP tax status questioned By Steve Miller and Jerry Seper THE WASHINGTON TIMESThe National Association for the Advancement of Colored People claims to be nonpartisan, but it uses its millions of dollars to promote the Democrat's agenda. Conservative critics question its claim to nonprofit status, arguing that the exemption shelters its $14 million annual budget from being taxed, and note that in the most recent presidential campaign the NAACP, which once derided big money as a corrupting influence, established two independent fund-raising organizations to conduct the kind of political warfare it once denounced. The NAACP National Voter Fund and Americans for Equality drew on a combined $10 million to finance get-out-the-vote efforts and issue ads that energized Democratic voters. \"\" This is a group that, because of its politics, has become far removed from its constituents,\"\" says Phyllis Berry Myers, executive director of the Center for New Black Leadership, which leans Republican. \"\" It survives through teachers unions, labor unions. . . . They allow themselves to be the sole subsidiary of the Democratic Party, and it has done a great disservice to black voters. It makes us politically impotent. \"\" Forbidden endorsements The NAACP leaders declined numerous requests for interviews. The organization's communications director, John White, agreed only to respond to questions in writing. \"\" The NAACP takes positions on public policy issues that further its goal of achieving the political, educational, social and economic equality of minority group citizens of the United States,\"\" Mr. White wrote, and takes positions \"\"regardless of whether such positions are associated\"\" with either party."
},
{
"docid": "D1423829#0",
"title": "http://www.naacp.org/oldest-and-boldest/dr-martin-luther-king-jr-mw/\nDr. Martin Luther King Jr.",
"text": "Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is considered the formative figure in the modern fight for civil rights, and his legacy looms large in the work of all those who follow him in his cause. Dr. King’s involvement with the NAACP dates back to his position on the executive committee of the NAACP Montgomery Branch in the 1950’s, through his leadership in the various boycotts, marches and rallies of the 1960’s, and up until his assassination in 1968. In 1957 the NAACP awarded him the Spingarn Medal, its most prestigious honor. In 1964, he received a Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts. Dr. King pushed America to fulfill its promise of equal rights for all. We honor his life and his legacy by recommitting ourselves to keeping his dream alive. “I have come to see more and more that one of the most decisive steps that the Negro can take is that little walk to the voting booth. That is an important step. We’ve got to gain the ballot, and through that gain, political power.”– NAACP Emancipation Day Rally, January 1, 1957Dr."
}
] |
619814
|
what did the nra stand for during the new deal
|
[
{
"docid": "D100731#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Recovery_Administration\nNational Recovery Administration",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Recovery Administration NRA Blue Eagle poster. This would be displayed in store windows, on packages, and in ads. Agency overview Formed 1933, by the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)Dissolved May 27, 1935, by court case Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States The National Recovery Administration was a prime New Deal agency established by U. S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) in 1933. The goal was to eliminate \"\"cut-throat competition\"\" by bringing industry, labor, and government together to create codes of \"\"fair practices\"\" and set prices. The NRA was created by the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) and allowed industries to get together and write \"\"codes of fair competition.\"\" The codes were intended to reduce \"\"destructive competition\"\" and to help workers by setting minimum wages and maximum weekly hours, as well as minimum prices at which products could be sold. The NRA also had a two-year renewal charter and was set to expire in June 1935 if not renewed. [ 1]In 1935, the U. S. Supreme Court unanimously declared that the NRA law was unconstitutional, ruling that it infringed the separation of powers under the United States Constitution. The NRA quickly stopped operations, but many of its labor provisions reappeared in the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act), passed later the same year. The long-term result was a surge in the growth and power of unions, which became a core of the New Deal Coalition that dominated national politics for the next three decades."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D2173481#0",
"title": "http://spartacus-educational.com/USARnewdeal.htm\nThe New Deal",
"text": "\"The New Deal Sections The Banking Crisis Agricultural Adjustment Act Civilian Conservation Corps National Revovery Administration Social Security Act Federal Writers Project Federal Theatre Project Primary Sources Student Activities References In March 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt asked Raymond Moley, a professor of public law at Columbia University, \"\"to pull together some intellectuals who might help Roosevelt's bid for the presidency\"\". Moley recruited two of his university colleagues, Rexford G. Tugwell and Adolf Berle. Others who joined the group, later known as the Brains Trust, included Roosevelt's law-partner, Basil O'Connor and his main speech writer, Samuel Rosenman. Others who attended these meetings included Felix Frankfurter, Louis Brandeis (who introduced the group to the ideas of John Maynard Keynes) and Benjamin Cohen. ( 1)It has been argued by Patrick Renshaw, the author of Franklin D. Roosevelt (2004): \"\"Politically, Tugwell was on the left with Berle on the right. Moley chaired regular meetings of the brains trust, which Samuel Rosenman and Basil O'Connor also attended. FDR was not an intellectual, but enjoyed their company and was in his element at the free-wheeling discussions which hammered out the New Deal.\"\" ( 2)However, all the men shared the philosophy advocated by John Dewey that \"\"organized social intelligence should shape society\"\". They were all impressed by the work of women such as Jane Addams, Ellen Starr, Florence Kelley, Alzina Stevens, Julia Lathrop, Mary Kenney, Mary Mc Dowell, Mary Ovington, Alice Hamilton, Belle La Follette, Fanny Garrison Villard, Emily Balch, Jeanette Rankin, Lillian Wald, Edith Abbott, Grace Abbott, Mary Heaton Vorse, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Crystal Eastman and Sophonisba Breckinridge, that had been so involved in the social reform movement. ( 3)Adolf Berle, Rexford G. Tugwell, Raymond Moley and Louis Howe in the White House (March, 1933)Rexford G. Tugwell and Adolf Berle argued the free market of Adam Smith had vanished forever."
},
{
"docid": "D2468324#0",
"title": "http://www.thetruthaboutguns.com/2014/03/daniel-zimmerman/dear-wayne-im-joining-nra/\nDear Wayne â Why Iâm Not Joining the NRA",
"text": "Dear Wayne – Why I’m Not Joining the NRAby Dan Zimmerman |Mar 21, 2014 |211 commentsfacebook twitter linkedin email Wayne La Pierre Executive Vice President National Rifle Association 11250 Waples Mill Road Fairfax, Virginia 22030Dear Mr. La Pierre,First and foremost I would like to thank you, the NRA and its members for defending our Nations Second Amendment rights. I also thank you for sending me an offer to join the NRA . . . From the first day I became a firearms owner I have wanted to very much become a NRA member and I still do. However, I live in the state of New Jersey and I am sorely disappointed and embarrassed in the way the national branch of the NRA has abandoned my home state and its law abiding firearms owners. This was disgustingly obvious during the 2013 hearings in Trenton where gun owners were under fire and attacked by New Jersey’s so-called lawmakers. I witnessed only our local Second Amendment associations such as ANJRPC and NJ2AS fighting to preserve our 2A rights in Trenton. Your national branch’s inactions continue to this day. The national branch of the NRA has made a very strong statement via its non-actions that it is not willing to support and fight for its New Jersey members’ Second Amendment rights. Rather, it has chosen to use New Jersey and other states as sacrificial lambs. An example of this is clearly printed on page fourteen of the January 2014 issue of American Rifleman."
},
{
"docid": "D3234186#0",
"title": "http://spartacus-educational.com/USArooseveltF.htm\nFranklin D. Roosevelt",
"text": "\"Franklin D. Roosevelt Sections Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt New York State Senate Assistant Secretary of the Navy Lucy Mercer1920 Presidential Election Poliomyelitis Governor of New York Wall Street Crash Presidential Campaign The Death of Anton Cermak Banking Crisis Agricultural Adjustment Act Civilian Conservation Corps National Revovery Administration Social Security Act Primary Sources Student Activities References Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the son of James Roosevelt and his second wife, Sara Delano Roosevelt, was born Hyde Park, on 30th January, 1882. Both sides of the family were extremely wealthy. The Roosevelts were one of the oldest families in America and had made their fortune from land and trading in the 18th century and increased their wealth during the 19th century by investing in iron and coal mines. ( 1)Since arriving in America from Holland in 1624 the Roosevelts had been active in politics. Franklin later wrote: \"\"Some of the famous Dutch families in New York today have nothing left but their name - they are few in numbers, they lack progressivism and a true democratic spirit. One reason - perhaps the chief - of the virility of the Roosevelts is their very democratic spirit... They have felt that there was no excuse for them if they did not do their duty by the community.\"\" ( 2)At the time of his birth the United States was becoming the world's most powerful country. It's gross domestic product (GDP) had doubled since 1865 and was now the largest in the world; one third larger than Britain's, twice that of France, and three times as great as Germany. ( 3) \"\"The production of steel, less than twenty thousand tons in 1867, totaled almost 2 million tons in 1882, Coal production had tripled. On the negative side, more than five hundred miners lost their lives in deep-pit accidents each year.\"\" ("
},
{
"docid": "D1601104#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/85147036/the-six-flash-cards/\nthe six",
"text": "\"1,655 terms itmarissathe six Chapters 16-31The immediate cause for American entry into World War I was the German resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare. By 1915, the Central Powers consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria. Which of the following statements most accurately describes changes in the lives of Mexican Americans during World War I? Political instability in Mexico caused many Mexicans to relocate to the United States. In order to build the Panama Canal, the United States lent covert assistance to free Panama from Columbia. After the explosion of the battleship Maine, a U. S. naval board of inquiry blamed the sinking on a mine. Herbert Hoover emerged from World War I as one of the nation's most admired men because of his leadership of the Food Administration A lasting legacy of America's participation in World War I was woman suffrage Which of the following world leaders was absent from the Versailles Treaty negotiations? Vladimir Ilyich Lenin of Soviet Russia. The \"\"Great Migration\"\" refers to African Americans moving from the South to the North during the war. In its major initial contribution to the war effort of World War I, the United States used armed convoys to secure Allied shipping against submarine attack."
},
{
"docid": "D2979887#0",
"title": "http://khouse.org/articles/2012/1048/\nA Cure for the Depression",
"text": "A Cure for the Depressionby Steve Elwart • April 1, 2012Print this article The economic crisis the United States is going through has been compared in the media with “The Great Depression” of the 1930s. The proposed solutions to the problems facing the U. S. also harken back to that era. FDR and the “New Deal”One of the ideas that the media puts forth is that Franklin D. Roosevelt and the “New Deal” stopped the Great Depression and saved the American economy. A second New Deal therefore, should be able to save today’s economy. A closer look at FDR’s policies will reveal that the New Deal did not solve the Great Depression; it did not save capitalism, it actually prolonged the Depression and vastly expanded government’s reach. Previous U. S. depressions, like the panic of 1837 and the depression after World War I that started out worse than the Great Depression, had ended more quickly and with less pain. While Franklin Delano Roosevelt is hailed as the savior of American capitalism, FDR, in fact, did more than anyone else to usher in the era of big government and loss of personal freedoms. Perhaps it should not be surprising that so many people promote big government, because its story has been dominated by political historians who focus on the personalities, speeches, election campaigns, and other aspects of the political story. The economic story does not receive the same amount of coverage, especially in today’s culture where any event that occurred over a week ago is considered “old news. ”A hard look at the economic policies of the Roosevelt Administration and its New Deal reveals that it actually harmed the very people it was supposed to help."
},
{
"docid": "D1522591#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_new_deal\nNew Deal",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from The new deal)navigation search This article is about the United States economic program. For other uses, see New Deal (disambiguation). This article may be too long to read and navigate comfortably. The readable prose size is 95 kilobytes. Please consider splitting content into sub-articles, condensing it, or adding or removing subheadings. ( October 2017)New Deal Top left: The Tennessee Valley Authority, part of the New Deal, being signed into law in 1933 Top right: President Roosevelt was responsible for initiatives and programs of the New Deal Bottom: A public mural from one of the artists employed by the Works Progress Administration, part of the New Deal Duration 1933–1937Location United States Type Economic program Cause Great Depression Organized by President Franklin D. Roosevelt Secretary Henry Morgenthau Jr. Secretary Harry Hopkins Secretary Frances Perkins Participants Society of the United States Outcome Disputed / American economic recovery/Lasting unemployment relief Part of a series on Progressivism History [show]Ideas [show]People [show]By region [show]Philosophy portal Politics portalv t e The New Deal was a series of federal programs, public work projects, financial reforms and regulations enacted in the United States during the 1930s in response to the Great Depression. Some of these federal programs included the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), the Civil Works Administration (CWA), the Farm Security Administration (FSA), the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 (NIRA) and the Social Security Administration (SSA). [ 1] [2] [3] [4] [5] These programs included support for farmers, the unemployed, youth and the elderly as well as new constraints and safeguards on the banking industry and changes to the monetary system. Most programs were enacted between 1933–1938, though some were later. They included both laws passed by Congress as well as presidential executive orders, most during the first term of the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt."
},
{
"docid": "D953560#0",
"title": "http://nstarzone.com/HITLER.html\n.",
"text": "\"THE POLITICALThe rise to power of Adolf Hitler was not just some fluke of history, as many would have you believe. It was all part of a conspiracy planned out in advance by heads of multi national corporations, international bankers, and globalist politicians. The same forces that are behind the worldwide chaos we are witnessing now, were behind the rise of Hitler, and were directly responsible for World War II. The Treaty of Versailles was one of the most important causes that led to Hitler's rise in Germany. From the German point of view the treaty was incredibly harsh and devastating for Germany. The leaders of the allies drew up this treaty to purposely revenge and weaken Germany. The treaty contained five major points that would be Germany's demise. The first part was to revenge and weaken Germany. Many rules were laid down to Germany, which they had to obey. The German territory to the west of the Rhine would be occupied by allied troops for 15 years."
},
{
"docid": "D3148095#0",
"title": "https://us.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1605/20/sitroom.02.html\n.",
"text": "\"Return to Transcripts main page THE SITUATION ROOMInterview With Texas Congressman Will Hurd; Suspect Shot Near White House; Egypt Air Crash Investigation; Smoke Alerts on Plane Moments Before Crash; Trump Gets NRA Endorsements, Slams Clinton. Aired 6-7p ETAired May 20, 2016 - 18:00 ETTHIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED. [ 18:00:05] WOLF BLITZER, CNN ANCHOR: Was it a malfunction? Debris found. Grim discoveries in the water north of Egypt, human remains, along with debris from the plane, including seats, suitcases, and passengers' personal belongings. Are search crews getting any closer to the wreckage itself? And inside job? Intense new scrutiny of airport security, as investigators look at whether one of the tens of thousands of workers at Paris' main airport might have been behind the Egypt Air crash. Did someone with security clearance plant a bomb on board?"
},
{
"docid": "D479812#0",
"title": "http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1851.html\nThe New Deal",
"text": "\"The New Deal In early 1933 nation needed immediate relief, recovery from economic collapse, and reform to avoid future depressions, so relief, recovery and reform became Franklin D. Roosevelt `s goals when he took the helm as president. At his side stood a Democratic Congress, prepared to enact the measures carved out by a group of his closest advisors — dubbed the “Brain Trust\"\" by reporters. One recurring theme in the recovery plan was Roosevelt’s pledge to help the “forgotten man at the bottom of the economic pyramid. \"\" Birth of the “New Deal\"\" The concepts that became the New Deal had been discussed in earlier years but without effect. The statement by National Catholic War Council in 1919, drafted by Father John A. Ryan, contained recommendations that would later be regarded as precursors of the New Deal. The term \"\"New Deal\"\" was coined during Franklin Roosevelt’s 1932 Democratic presidential nomination acceptance speech, when he said, \"\"I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people.\"\" Roosevelt summarized the New Deal as a \"\"use of the authority of government as an organized form of self-help for all classes and groups and sections of our country. \"\" The exact nature of Roosevelt`s intentions was not clear during the campaign, although his philosophy was set out in an address that he gave at the Commonwealth Club of San Francisco on September 23: The government should assume the function of economic regulation only as a last resort, to be tried only when private initiative, inspired by high responsibility, with such assistance and balance as government can give, has finally failed. As yet there has been no final failure, because there has been no attempt, and I decline to assume that this nation is unable to meet the situation. At his inauguration in March 1933, Roosevelt declared in his lilting style, \"\"Let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is, fear itself — needless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance.\"\""
},
{
"docid": "D32293#0",
"title": "http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/GreatDepression.html\nGreat Depression",
"text": "Home | CEE | 2nd edition | Great Depression A worldwide depression struck countries with market economies at the end of the 1920s. Although the Great Depression was relatively mild in some countries, it was severe in others, particularly in the United States, where, at its nadir in 1933, 25 percent of all workers and 37 percent of all nonfarm workers were completely out of work. Some people starved; many others lost their farms and homes. Homeless vagabonds sneaked aboard the freight trains that crossed the nation. Dispossessed cotton farmers, the “Okies,” stuffed their possessions into dilapidated Model Ts and migrated to California in the false hope that the posters about plentiful jobs were true. Although the U. S. economy began to recover in the second quarter of 1933, the recovery largely stalled for most of 1934 and 1935. A more vigorous recovery commenced in late 1935 and continued into 1937, when a new depression occurred. The American economy had yet to fully recover from the Great Depression when the United States was drawn into World War II in December 1941. Because of this agonizingly slow recovery, the entire decade of the 1930s in the United States is often referred to as the Great Depression. The Great Depression is often called a “defining moment” in the twentieth-century history of the United States."
},
{
"docid": "D3425366#0",
"title": "https://www.thetrace.org/2016/11/nra-endorsements-donald-trump-populist-rage/\n",
"text": "Facebook Twitter Email How the NRA Stoked the Populist Rage That Gave America President Trump The Manhattan businessman perfected the anti-establishment message the gun group had been honing for years.by Alex Yablon, with reporting by Brian Freskos and Nora Biette-Timmons· @Alex Yablon· November 11, 2016In May 2016, the National Rifle Association endorsed Donald Trump for president earlier in the campaign cycle than any candidate in the group’s history. The anointment came during the group’s annual meeting in Louisville, Kentucky, where top NRA lobbyist Chris Cox declared that the “ the choice for gun owners in this election is clear. And that choice is Donald Trump. ”The move puzzled observers who understood the NRA to be a doctrinaire single issue interest group, and even some of its own members, who didn’t quite share their leaders’ ardor for the Manhattan businessman. Trump bore little resemblance to the lifelong heartland conservatives whom the NRA typically backed. He was an Ivy League-educated real estate heir with a gold-plated private jet and a foreign, former-model third wife. Trump and Melania had wed at a glamorous ceremony where Bill and Hillary Clinton had been among the guests. A proud New York City resident, Trump didn’t seem to have much regard for the attachments many Americans felt towards guns, never mind the policy purity the NRA demands of other candidates. In a 2000 book, he’d even written, “I support the ban on assault weapons and I also support a slightly longer waiting period to purchase a gun. ”But from the outset of his campaign, Trump adopted an incendiary message that matched the NRA’s own."
},
{
"docid": "D3296750#0",
"title": "http://pronematch.com/an-introduction-to-united-states-smallbore-rifle-shooting/\nAn Introduction to United States Smallbore Rifle Shooting",
"text": "An Introduction to United States Smallbore Rifle Shooting Hap Rocketto | October 7, 2009 | 43 commentsby Hap Rocketto Smallbore shooting, as we know it in the United States, dates from 1919. It was then that Savage and Winchester introduced specialized 22 caliber target rifles, the Model 19 NRA Match Rifle and the celebrated Model 52 respectively, for the first smallbore competition held at the National Matches. Conducted in late August, at the United States Navy’s range near Caldwell, New Jersey, the program called for a series of reentry and squadded slow, timed, and rapid-fire matches in various positions, at distances from 50 to 100 yards. Army Captain E. C. Crossman was charged with conducting what was then known as ‘miniature’ rifle shooting competition in the shadow of the service rifle matches. So popular proved smallbore that the National Rifle Association immediately appointed a committee to make recommendations for the standardization and introduction of smallbore rifle shooting into its program. The lead editorial in the September 6, 1919 issue of Arms and The Man stated that, “The appointment of a committee to consider the standardization of the small-bore game…may be expected to result in a rapid and healthy growth in this sport in all parts of the country.” Two weeks later the magazine reported on the efforts of the committee to establish the fledgling sport. The original courses of fire were 25 yards for indoor shooting and 50, 100, and 200 for the outdoor competitions, all in the prone position. At the time the smallbore rifle was viewed as an inexpensive method of training for center fire military competition. Consequently early smallbore target rifles were designed along military lines in regard to length, weight, and trigger pull."
},
{
"docid": "D1417059#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt\nCriticism of Franklin D. Roosevelt",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search As president from 1933 to 1945, Roosevelt was the target of sharp criticism from both left and right Both during and after his presidential terms and continuing today, there has been much criticism of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Critics have questioned not only his policies and positions, but also charged him with centralizing power in his own hands by controlling both the government and the Democratic Party. Many denounced his breaking the no-third-term tradition in 1940. [ 1]By the middle of his second term, much criticism of Roosevelt centered on fears that he was heading toward a dictatorship by attempting to seize control of the Supreme Court in the Court-packing incident of 1937, attempting to eliminate dissent within the Democratic Party in the South during the 1938 mid-term elections and by breaking the tradition established by George Washington of not seeking a third term when he again ran for re-election in 1940. As two historians explain: \"\"In 1940, with the two-term issue as a weapon, anti-New Dealers [...] argued that the time had come to disarm the \"\"dictator\"\" and to dismantle the machinery\"\". [ 2]Long after his death, new lines of attack opened to attack his policies regarding helping the Jews of Europe, [3] incarcerating Japanese Americans on the West Coast [4] and opposing anti-lynching legislation. [ 5]Contents [ hide ]1 Rejection by allies2 Criticism of the New Deal and of tax policy3 Criticism of Roosevelt as a \"\"warmonger\"\"4 Criticism of Roosevelt as a \"\"fascist\"\"4.1 Critics on the left4.2 Critics on the right4.3 Historians compare New Deal with Europe4.4 Friedrich Hayek5 Accusations of racism5.1 Internment5.2 Treatment of Jesse Owens5.3 Anti-lynching legislation6 Failure to do enough for the Jews of Europe7 References8 Further reading8.1 Scholarly studies8.2 Popular attacks9 External links Rejection by allies [ edit]Numerous allies and appointees turned against Roosevelt, [ why?] such as Vice President John Nance Garner, Brain truster Raymond Moley, Postmaster General James A. Farley [6] and Ambassador Joseph Kennedy. [ 7] Outside the administration prominent supporters who turned against Roosevelt included journalists Walter Lippmann [8] and Frank Kent. [ 9] Newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst was a major Roosevelt supporter in 1932, but turned his nationwide media chain against Roosevelt starting in 1934."
},
{
"docid": "D177359#0",
"title": "https://www.thetrace.org/2016/01/new-nra-tax-filing-shows-membership-revenues-dropped-by-47-million-following-sandy-hook-surge/\nDonate to The Trace",
"text": "National Rifle Association Facebook Twitter Email New NRA Tax Filing Shows Membership Revenues Dropped by $47 Million Following Sandy Hook Surge The seesawing numbers found in its 2014 New York state disclosure belie the group's image as a political juggernaut.by Alex Yablon· @Alex Yablon· January 23, 2016The National Rifle Association’s (NRA) New York state financial disclosure forms for 2014are now online, and like past years’ tax filings, the documents provide a rare glimpse at the organization’s inner machinery. The group’s total revenues fell from more than $347 million in 2013 to roughly $310 million. Contributing to the decline was a drop in income collected from its members. Revenue from annual dues fell from $175 million to $128 million in 2014, a drop of 27 percent. The precise size of NRA’s membership — the core of the group’s perceived political muscle — has long been a mystery. In January 2013, Executive Vice President and CEO Wayne La Pierre boasted before Congress that he served4.5 million members. Speaking at an NRA convention a few months later, he upped that figure to 5 million. On January 5, in a statement responding to President Barack Obama’s executive actions on guns, the group described itself as “ more than 5 million members strong .”Stay Informed Subscribe to receive The Trace’s daily roundup of important gun news and analysis. Thanks for your subscription!Your signup request was successful. Please consider sharing the Daily Bulletin with your friends and followers."
},
{
"docid": "D3323697#0",
"title": "http://billmoyers.com/2014/06/12/the-rise-of-the-nra-2/\nThe Rise of the NRA",
"text": "History The Rise of the NRAJune 12, 2014by Michael Waldman Jerry Miller of Georgetown, Texas, looks over a rifle at the National Rifle Association's annual convention on Friday, April 25, 2014 in Indianapolis. ( AP Photo/AJ Mast) AP57470722676In 1871, militia and army veterans created a new organization to train American men to shoot safely and accurately: the National Rifle Association. This excerpt from The Second Amendment: A Biography recounts how the organization evolved over the years. The NRA bills itself “the nation’s longest standing civil rights organization.” That’s not exactly how it started. During the Civil War, Union officers had grown perturbed at the poor marksmanship of their troops. Previously, guns were inaccurate, and target practice a waste of time. Now new technology — breech-loading guns and metal cartridge ammunition — made shooting a prized skill. In 1871, militia and army veterans created a new organization to train American men to shoot safely and accurately: the National Rifle Association. General Ambrose Burnside — yes, the same gent whose name lives to describe his distinctive whiskers — served as ceremonial president for a year."
},
{
"docid": "D1370439#0",
"title": "http://www.kentuckyhunting.net/threads/concealed-carry-permit-questions.147980/\nconcealed carry permit questions",
"text": "\"concealed carry permit questions Discussion in ' Modern Firearms ' started by deerhunter24, Jul 22, 2015 . Jul 22, 2015 #1deerhunter248 pointer6753Mar 4, 2009Bracken County Has anyone ever taken the class? If so what all does the class include or do you have to do? How far the target you shoot and how big the target and what kind of group do you have to have. What kind of test etc thanksdeerhunter24, Jul 22, 2015 #1Jul 22, 2015 #2JDMiller12 pointer9,1761,052Jun 12, 2005\"\" Between the Rivers \"\"I've had mine basically since they were available. Mine consisted of going over classroom materials concerning laws , gun safety / concealed carry and real basic test. Then went to the range and qualified at a man silhouette at 21 ft. Thinking maybe fired 2 -3 magazines. Nothing bad at all and at the time local sheriffs dept held the class. Afterwards got my certificate and what they called a flash-pack in the mail."
},
{
"docid": "D2740988#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_life_of_Clint_Eastwood\nPolitical life of Clint Eastwood",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is part of a series about Clint Eastwood Early life Career Personal life (Timeline: '60s '70s '80s '90s '00s)Filmography Discography Bibliography Mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea1986–1988Political positions2012 RNC appearance Awards and honors Malpaso Productionsv t e American actor and director Clint Eastwood has long shown an interest in politics. He won election as the nonpartisan mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea, California in April 1986 and in 2001, Governor Gray Davis appointed the Oscar-winner to the California State Park and Recreation Commission. [ 1] Eastwood endorsed Mitt Romney in the 2012 presidential election and delivered a prime time address at the 2012 Republican National Convention, where he delivered the Barack Obama Empty Chair Speech. Contents [ hide ]1 Political views2 Mayor of Carmel3 California State Park and Recreation Commission4 California Film Commission5 U. S. presidential election, 2012 and 20166 References Political views [ edit]Eastwood with President Ronald Reagan in the late 1980s Eastwood registered as a Republican in order to vote for Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952 and he passively supported Richard Nixon 's 1968 and 1972 presidential campaigns. He later criticized Nixon's handling of the Vietnam War and his morality during Watergate. [ 2] [3] He usually describes himself as a libertarian in interviews [4] and in the spring of 1999, he told Premiere magazine that \"\"I guess I was a social liberal and a fiscal conservative before it became fashionable.\"\" [ 5] He told USA Weekend in 2004, \"\"I don't see myself as conservative, but I'm not ultra- leftist. ... I like the libertarian view, which is to leave everyone alone. Even as a kid, I was annoyed by people who wanted to tell everyone how to live.\"\" [ 6] In 2009, Eastwood said that he was now a registered Libertarian. ["
},
{
"docid": "D3258266#0",
"title": "http://www.businesspundit.com/10-of-the-biggest-lobbies-in-washington/\n10 of the Biggest Lobbies in Washington",
"text": "Politics10 of the Biggest Lobbies in Washingtonby Raquel Hastley April 26, 2011, 12:06 pm58.5k Views Each year, lobbying groups in Washington spend billions of dollars trying to buy influence. Corporations, special-interest groups, unions, and single-interest groups like the NRA — all of them have poured money into efforts to shape laws and regulations to fit their interests. No doubt about it: most lobbies are forces to be reckoned with. Despite numerous criticisms, lobbying in the US is protected under the First Amendment, which enshrined the right to petition the government. Recently, though, legislation was passed that forced lobbying organizations to be more transparent in their deals. Websites like the Center For Responsive Politics now track spending by industry, company, and individual groups. In the spirit of information sharing, we’ve compiled a list of some of the biggest lobbies in America, and the way they’ve affected politics. The Tech Lobby Image Source Over the past 15 years, the tech industry has become one of the big spenders in lobbying, doling out over $120 million in 2010. With the power of tech giants Google, Apple, Amazon, and Microsoft behind it, the computer and Internet lobby has a lot of weight to throw around. By weight, we mean money: In 2010, Microsoft alone spent over $6.9 million in federal lobbying efforts."
},
{
"docid": "D2440135#0",
"title": "http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/New_Deal\nNew Deal",
"text": "\"New Deal From Academic Kids The New Deal is the name given to the series of programs implemented between 1933-37 under President Franklin D. Roosevelt with the goal of relief, recovery and reform of the United States economy during the Great Depression. Dozens of \"\"alphabet reform\"\" agencies were created. Historians distinguish the \"\"First New Deal\"\" of 1933 that had something for almost every group, and the \"\"Second New Deal\"\" (1935-37) that introduced an element of class conflict. The opponents of the New Deal, complaining of the cost and the shift of power to Washington, stopped its expansion after Roosevelt was reelected in 1936, and managed to abolish many of its programs by 1943. The main programs still important today are Social Security and the Securities and Exchange Commission, as well as the TVA. Relief, recovery, and reform The New Deal had three components: direct relief, economic recovery, and financial reform; this was also called the 'Three Rs'. Relief was the immediate effort to help the one-third of the population that was hardest hit by the depression. Roosevelt expanded Hoover's Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) work relief program, and added the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), Public Works Administration (PWA), and (starting in 1935) the Works Progress Administration (WPA). In 1935 the social security and unemployment insurance programs were added. Separate programs were set up for relief in rural America, such as the Resettlement Administration (RA) and Farm Security Administration (FSA)."
},
{
"docid": "D2507819#0",
"title": "http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2010/11/time-to-raise-social-securitys-retirement-age\nTime to Raise Social Securityâs Retirement Age",
"text": "Report Social Security Time to Raise Social Security’s Retirement Age November 22, 2010 24 min read Download Report David John Former Senior Research Fellow in Retirement Security and Financial Institutions David is a former Senior Research Fellow in Retirement Security and Financial Institutions. Copied Select a Section 1 /0Abstract: Americans are living longer, which means they are spending a higher proportion of their lives in retirement, receiving Social Security payments. Yet the government program is a mere five years away from being unable to pay out all of the claims it has promised. Because today’s retirees enjoy longer lives and better health, both Social Security retirement ages (“normal” and “early eligibility”) must be increased. It is common sense, and it is fair. While the retirement ages must be increased, this alone is not change enough to provide a secure future for today’s younger workers. A higher retirement age should be part of a whole package of Social Security reforms, including ending the payroll tax for workers willing to work past their normal retirement age. Heritage Foundation retirement and economic policy expert David C. John explains. As Social Security reaches its 75th birthday, the program is beginning to show signs of age. While it remains a major source of retirement income for millions of Americans, Social Security is running a significant cash flow deficit for the first time in several decades. ["
}
] |
619830
|
what did the agencies created by nira try to do
|
[
{
"docid": "D100731#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Recovery_Administration\nNational Recovery Administration",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Recovery Administration NRA Blue Eagle poster. This would be displayed in store windows, on packages, and in ads. Agency overview Formed 1933, by the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)Dissolved May 27, 1935, by court case Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States The National Recovery Administration was a prime New Deal agency established by U. S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) in 1933. The goal was to eliminate \"\"cut-throat competition\"\" by bringing industry, labor, and government together to create codes of \"\"fair practices\"\" and set prices. The NRA was created by the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) and allowed industries to get together and write \"\"codes of fair competition.\"\" The codes were intended to reduce \"\"destructive competition\"\" and to help workers by setting minimum wages and maximum weekly hours, as well as minimum prices at which products could be sold. The NRA also had a two-year renewal charter and was set to expire in June 1935 if not renewed. [ 1]In 1935, the U. S. Supreme Court unanimously declared that the NRA law was unconstitutional, ruling that it infringed the separation of powers under the United States Constitution. The NRA quickly stopped operations, but many of its labor provisions reappeared in the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act), passed later the same year. The long-term result was a surge in the growth and power of unions, which became a core of the New Deal Coalition that dominated national politics for the next three decades."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1602226#0",
"title": "https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/fdr-fireside\nFDR's Fireside Chat on the Recovery Program",
"text": "\"FDR's Fireside Chat on the Recovery Program Background When Franklin Delano Roosevelt was elected to the presidency in 1932, it was on a promise to restore the confidence of the American people and to bring America out of the Great Depression. Roosevelt stated in his first inaugural address that \"\"we have nothing to fear but fear itself.\"\" His objectives were to calm the economic fears of Americans, develop policies to alleviate the problems of the Great Depression, and gain the support of the American people for his programs. Immediately after his election, Roosevelt began to formulate policies to bring about relief from the economic hardships the American people were experiencing. These programs became known as the New Deal, a reference taken from a campaign speech in which he promised a \"\"new deal for the American people.\"\" The New Deal focused on three general goals: relief for the needy, economic recovery, and financial reform. During the One Hundred Days, Congress enacted 15 major pieces of legislation establishing New Deal agencies and programs. Among these was the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), which was established to protect depositors from losing their savings in the event of bank failure. Another program was the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), which put thousands of men to work on projects in national forests, parks, and public lands. The Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) was created to ease the desperate plight of the farmer during the Depression by establishing a program of production limits and federal subsidies."
},
{
"docid": "D100734#0",
"title": "http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1663.html\nNational Industrial Recovery Act",
"text": "\"National Industrial Recovery Act Touted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt as \"\"the most important and far-reaching ever enacted by the American Congress,\"\" the National (Industrial) Recovery Act (NRA) was passed by Congress on June 16, 1933. That New Deal law was designed to promote recovery and reform, encourage collective bargaining for unions, set up maximum work hours (and sometimes prices) and minimum wages, and forbid child labor in industry. For a short time, Title I of the famous NRA prescribed the drafting and establishment of a code system of fair competition for every sort of industry. Those codes had the force of law and were exempt from antitrust provisions. The codes were to be designed by a group or association that would not impose inequitable restrictions on one company over another, not limit membership in the group drafting the code, nor would the code be designed to promote monopolies or to eliminate or oppress small enterprises. It also would not descriminate against small enterprises, and lastly it \"\"will tend to effectuate the policy of this title. \"\" The president was given the executive power to not only approve the code — essentially giving the President the authority to make laws, which is the job of the Congress — but also he could impose his own conditions on those codes, make additions or deletions to them prior to approving them, and was free to write codes himself where none existed. A New Deal product of meetings among such Brain Trust advisors as Raymond Moley, big business leaders, and labor unionists, the NRA illustrated Roosevelt`s willingness to work with, rather than against, business interests. The Brain Trust was a group of academics put together to carve out the policies of the New Deal prior to Roosevelt`s inauguration. Members of the group were Raymond Moley, an American journalist and public figure; Rexford Tugwell, Adolf Berle of Columbia University, attorney Basil O`Connor, and later, Felix Frankfurter of Harvard Law School."
},
{
"docid": "D2440135#0",
"title": "http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/New_Deal\nNew Deal",
"text": "\"New Deal From Academic Kids The New Deal is the name given to the series of programs implemented between 1933-37 under President Franklin D. Roosevelt with the goal of relief, recovery and reform of the United States economy during the Great Depression. Dozens of \"\"alphabet reform\"\" agencies were created. Historians distinguish the \"\"First New Deal\"\" of 1933 that had something for almost every group, and the \"\"Second New Deal\"\" (1935-37) that introduced an element of class conflict. The opponents of the New Deal, complaining of the cost and the shift of power to Washington, stopped its expansion after Roosevelt was reelected in 1936, and managed to abolish many of its programs by 1943. The main programs still important today are Social Security and the Securities and Exchange Commission, as well as the TVA. Relief, recovery, and reform The New Deal had three components: direct relief, economic recovery, and financial reform; this was also called the 'Three Rs'. Relief was the immediate effort to help the one-third of the population that was hardest hit by the depression. Roosevelt expanded Hoover's Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) work relief program, and added the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), Public Works Administration (PWA), and (starting in 1935) the Works Progress Administration (WPA). In 1935 the social security and unemployment insurance programs were added. Separate programs were set up for relief in rural America, such as the Resettlement Administration (RA) and Farm Security Administration (FSA)."
},
{
"docid": "D1421681#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet_agencies\nAlphabet agencies",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Editorial cartoons parodied the New Deal as Roosevelt's private game with alphabetical agencies. The alphabet agencies (also New Deal agencies) were the U. S. federal government agencies created as part of the New Deal of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The earliest agencies were created to combat the Great Depression in the United States and were established during Roosevelt's first 100 days in office in 1933. William Safire notes that the phrase \"\"gave color to the charge of excessive bureaucracy.\"\" Democrat Al Smith, who turned against Roosevelt, said his government was “submerged in a bowl of alphabet soup.\"\" [ 1]In total, at least 100 offices were created during Roosevelt's terms of office as part of the New Deal, and \"\"even the Comptroller-General of the United States, who audits the government's accounts, declared he had never heard of some of them.\"\" [ 2] While previously all monetary appropriations had been separately passed by Act of Congress, as part of their power of the purse; the National Industrial Recovery Act allowed Roosevelt to allocate $3.3 billion without Congress (as much as had been previously spent by government in ten years time), through executive orders and other means. These powers were used to create many of the alphabet agencies. Other laws were passed allowing the new bureaus to pass their own directives within a wide sphere of authority. [ 2] Even though the National Industrial Recovery Act was found to be unconstitutional, many of the agencies created under it remained."
},
{
"docid": "D3234186#0",
"title": "http://spartacus-educational.com/USArooseveltF.htm\nFranklin D. Roosevelt",
"text": "\"Franklin D. Roosevelt Sections Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt New York State Senate Assistant Secretary of the Navy Lucy Mercer1920 Presidential Election Poliomyelitis Governor of New York Wall Street Crash Presidential Campaign The Death of Anton Cermak Banking Crisis Agricultural Adjustment Act Civilian Conservation Corps National Revovery Administration Social Security Act Primary Sources Student Activities References Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the son of James Roosevelt and his second wife, Sara Delano Roosevelt, was born Hyde Park, on 30th January, 1882. Both sides of the family were extremely wealthy. The Roosevelts were one of the oldest families in America and had made their fortune from land and trading in the 18th century and increased their wealth during the 19th century by investing in iron and coal mines. ( 1)Since arriving in America from Holland in 1624 the Roosevelts had been active in politics. Franklin later wrote: \"\"Some of the famous Dutch families in New York today have nothing left but their name - they are few in numbers, they lack progressivism and a true democratic spirit. One reason - perhaps the chief - of the virility of the Roosevelts is their very democratic spirit... They have felt that there was no excuse for them if they did not do their duty by the community.\"\" ( 2)At the time of his birth the United States was becoming the world's most powerful country. It's gross domestic product (GDP) had doubled since 1865 and was now the largest in the world; one third larger than Britain's, twice that of France, and three times as great as Germany. ( 3) \"\"The production of steel, less than twenty thousand tons in 1867, totaled almost 2 million tons in 1882, Coal production had tripled. On the negative side, more than five hundred miners lost their lives in deep-pit accidents each year.\"\" ("
},
{
"docid": "D2236766#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic\nEthnic group",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Ethnic)navigation search\"\"Ethnicity\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Ethnicity (disambiguation). \"\" Ethnicities\"\" redirects here. It is not to be confused with the academic journal. Anthropology Before the 1970s, the Korowai people of Papua were an uncontacted people. Their population numbers no more than 3,000. Outline History Types [show]Archaeological [show]Biological [show]Social Cultural [show]Linguistic [show]Research framework [show]Key concepts [hide]Culture Development Ethnicity Evolution ( sociocultural) Gender Kinship and descent Meme Prehistory Race Society Value Colonialism / Postcolonialism Key theories [show]Lists [show]Anthropology portalv t e An ethnic group, or an ethnicity, is a category of people who identify with each other based on similarities such as common ancestry, language, society, culture or nation. [ 1] [2] Ethnicity is usually an inherited status based on the society in which one lives. Membership of an ethnic group tends to be defined by a shared cultural heritage, ancestry, origin myth, history, homeland, language or dialect, symbolic systems such as religion, mythology and ritual, cuisine, dressing style, art, and physical appearance. Ethnic groups, derived from the same historical founder population, often continue to speak related languages and share a similar gene pool."
},
{
"docid": "D145674#0",
"title": "https://mises.org/library/history-labor-unions-colonial-times-2009\nMises Daily Articles",
"text": "\"\"\"Those who tell you of trade-unions bent on raising wages by moral suasion alone are like people who tell you of tigers that live on oranges. \"\"– Henry George, 1891Introduction Colonial Times City of Brotherly Love? Union Tactics The Law1850–190020th Century World War I1920s1930s World War IIPost–World War IIMore on Union Membership Public-Sector Unions Employer or Employee Opposition? An Economic Conclusion References Chronology Notes Labor unions have been defined as \"\"private combinations of workingmen\"\" that try to increase wages and improve working conditions for members. But how? What means do labor unions use? As Henry George suggests, trade unionists are hardly known for their kindness to strangers and genteel ways. From colonial times, trade unionists found the going difficult in North America. There was no prevailing ideology of \"\"working-class solidarity,\"\" and unions were far from respectable; in fact, they had a well-earned reputation for being antisocial, even criminal. Some unions were secret societies with secret oaths, and unionists engaged in intimidation, threats, vandalism, and violence, especially against uncooperative workers denounced as subhuman \"\"scabs\"\" and \"\"blacklegs.\"\""
},
{
"docid": "D2416556#0",
"title": "http://epluribusmedia.org/features/2006/200609_FDR_pt4.html\n.",
"text": "\"home about podcasts timelines donate store communityfeatures | op-ed/columnists | candidate interviews | book reviews | submission guidelines FDR and the Unfinished Agendainuedreturn to introduction | part I | part II | part III | part V |Part IV: The First 100 Days Between March 8 th and June 16 th 1933 fifteen legislative proposals were passed into law. Never before had Executive and Legislative branches, co-operated to make such a profound impact on the country in such a short period of time. Private interests were subordinated to public policy, and the federal government took on the mission of doing what no other interest could do on its own. 1 The role of government was transformed. This unprecedented period earned a name, “The First Hundred Days” and eventually became a standard to which modern presidents are (unfavorably) compared. At a certain point the name began to shape the process; it became ‘A Program’, as if it had been that at the beginning, it had designers, as if those responsible had planned each step at the beginning. The appended timeline chronicles the process day by day. It is not complete, by any means, but provides a good idea of what happened. Seeing events laid out in order makes the sequence seem predictable or even inevitable. Don’t be fooled."
},
{
"docid": "D2033183#0",
"title": "https://www.cato.org/publications/congressional-testimony/role-congress-monitoring-administrative-rulemaking\nThe Role of Congress in Monitoring Administrative Rulemaking",
"text": "Testimony The Role of Congress in Monitoring Administrative Rulemaking By Jerry Taylor September 12, 1996Subcommittee on Commercial and Administrative Law Committee on the Judiciary The United States Congress Introduction (This testimony draws heavily from material prepared by David Schoenbrod and Gene Healy for a forthcoming Cato Institute Policy Analysis. ) In 1995 the 104th Congress attempted to deal with our $500 billion regulatory burden by regulating the regulators. Senate Bill 343, the Dole-Johnston Regulatory Reform Bill, would have grafted a new web of rules—mandating cost-benefit analysis and scientific risk- assessment—onto the impenetrably dense administrative structure that already exists. Giving regulatory agencies a dose of their own medicine is a laudable idea, but it will not solve our current dilemma. Indeed, by focusing chiefly on the monetary costs imposed by the current regulatory regime, congressional reformers have misconstrued the nature of the threat that regime poses. Instead of reinventing the regulatory state, Congress should take back its power to make the law. Since the New Deal, Congress has ceded more and more of its legislative authority to executive branch agencies. This delegation of lawmaking power is ill advised and illegitimate, for several reasons: Delegation violates the Constitution, subverting the central structural principle of that document: the separation of powers. Delegation severs the people from the law, undermining democracy by allowing vitally important decisions of governance to be made by unelected, unaccountable officials. Delegation is a political shell game, allowing legislators to simultaneously support the benefits and oppose the costs of regulation."
},
{
"docid": "D3266248#0",
"title": "https://money.usnews.com/money/business-economy/articles/2008/04/11/did-the-new-deal-work\nDid the New Deal Work?",
"text": "\"While today's economic slowdown pales in comparison to the Great Depression, when it comes to political action, the ghost of the 1930s may still be haunting Washington, D. C. President Franklin Roosevelt explained the need for the New Deal this way in his 1932 address to the Democratic National Convention: \"\"While [Republicans] prate of economic laws, men and women are starving. We must lay hold of the fact that economic laws are not made by nature. They are made by human beings. \"\" That's not so different from the sentiment behind modern-day calls for action, like Rep. Barney Frank's plan to bail out homeowners. When the market takes a wrong turn, it's the job of government to grab the wheel—by boosting spending or cutting taxes—and steer the economy back on the right path. But if there's anything more unpredictable than the direction of the market, it's the effects of government tinkering with economic policy. And even today, economists and historians still vigorously debate not only whether or not the New Deal helped take the country out of the Depression but if it actually made things worse. A split Just how divided are experts? In 1995, economist Robert Whaples of Wake Forest University published a survey of academic economists that asked them if they agreed with the statement, \"\"Taken as a whole, government policies of the New Deal served to lengthen and deepen the Great Depression.\"\" Fifty-one percent disagreed, and 49 percent agreed."
},
{
"docid": "D100736#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_national_recovery_act_do\nWhat did the national recovery act do?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States What did the national recovery act do? Flag What did the national recovery act do? Answer by USCitizen Confidence votes 253KIt was Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal attempt to end the depression, create a recovery by stimulating the industrial base, create new labor standards regarding the work week, hours and wages, eliminate competition, and create jobs.2 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Eliah Michael 300 Contributions What was the purpose of the national industrial recovery act? The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), officially known as the Act of June 16, 1933 (Ch. 90, 48 Stat. 195, formerly codified at 15 U. S. C. sec. 703), was an American stat …Mr V 2,881 Contributions Who ended the national recovery act? The National Recovery Act was declared unconstitutional by the US Supreme Court in 1935. The Schechter brothers owned a company specializing in chickens used in kosher kitchen …Lee3873727 527 Contributions What was the symbol of the national recovery act?"
},
{
"docid": "D1021777#0",
"title": "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/FDR's+Court+Packing+Plan\nRoosevelt, Franklin Delano",
"text": "\"Roosevelt, Franklin Delano (redirected from FDR's Court Packing Plan) Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia . Roosevelt, Franklin Delano Franklin Delano Roosevelt. LIBRARY OF CONGRESSFranklin Delano Roosevelt served as the thirty-secondpresident of the United States from 1933 to 1945. During hisunprecedented four terms in office, Roosevelt establishedhimself as a towering national leader, leading the United Statesout of the Great Depression through the active involvement of the federal government in the national economy. The federalgovernment grew dramatically in size and power as Congressenacted Roosevelt's New Deal program. As president,Roosevelt was responsible for the creation of Social Security, federal labor laws, rural electrification programs, and myriadprojects that assisted farmers, business, and labor. During World War II Roosevelt's leadership was vital to rallying thespirits of the citizenry and mobilizing a wartime economy. Nevertheless, Roosevelt was a controversial figure. Manyeconomic conservatives believed his programs owed more to state Socialism than to free enterprise. Roosevelt was born on January 30, 1882, in Hyde Park, New York, the only son of James and Sara Delano Roosevelt."
},
{
"docid": "D653757#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/34881762/understanding-the-reading-flash-cards/\nunderstanding the reading",
"text": "40 terms mouykeang_layunderstanding the reading Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sorthow did FDR use modern technology to explain his New Deal programs to the nation ? FDR would broadcast his speeches by radio assuming ,he would bring new hope to america from the great depressionwhat were The Hundred Days? the hundred Days were the period of time FDR announced that congress would pass 15 pieces of New Deal for recovery .what flaw was evident in how the Agricultural Adjustment Act worked ? because the AAA paid farmers to destroy crops and live stock ,many americans complained they were also destroying food resource when people were going hungry.what was the connection between FDRs bank holiday and the Emergency Banking Relief Act? both helped banks recover from the depression by closing them from the public to collect more money and to not be demandedwhat did the National Industrial Recovery Act do to help American industry get back on its feet ? he helped provide money to states to create jobs for the construction for the communityhow did the NIRA help organized labor ? the NIRA helped organize labor as it helped build building like schools which required labor from american citizenshow did the NIRA and its executive arm the National recovery administration,come to be declared unconstitutional ? both acts violated the separation of powers , bringing more power to the exclusive branch (government controlling businesseswhat was the purpose of the federal deposit insurance corporation ?"
},
{
"docid": "D528897#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_group\nEthnic group",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Ethnicity\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Ethnicity (disambiguation). \"\" Ethnicities\"\" redirects here. It is not to be confused with the academic journal. Anthropology Before the 1970s, the Korowai people of Papua were an uncontacted people. Their population numbers no more than 3,000. Outline History Types [show]Archaeological [show]Biological [show]Social Cultural [show]Linguistic [show]Research framework [show]Key concepts [hide]Culture Development Ethnicity Evolution ( sociocultural) Gender Kinship and descent Meme Prehistory Race Society Value Colonialism / Postcolonialism Key theories [show]Lists [show]Anthropology portalv t e An ethnic group, or an ethnicity, is a category of people who identify with each other based on similarities such as common ancestry, language, society, culture or nation. [ 1] [2] Ethnicity is usually an inherited status based on the society in which one lives. Membership of an ethnic group tends to be defined by a shared cultural heritage, ancestry, origin myth, history, homeland, language or dialect, symbolic systems such as religion, mythology and ritual, cuisine, dressing style, art, and physical appearance. Ethnic groups, derived from the same historical founder population, often continue to speak related languages and share a similar gene pool."
},
{
"docid": "D3083644#0",
"title": "http://eh.net/encyclopedia/the-bus-industry-in-the-united-states/\nThe Bus Industry in the United States",
"text": "The Bus Industry in the United States Margaret Walsh, University of Nottingham Despite its importance to everyday life, historians have paid surprisingly little attention to modern road transportation. There have been some valuable studies of the automobile, its production and its impact on society and the economy. This article surveys the history of a branch of modern transportation that has been almost completely ignored — the history of motorized buses. Missing from History Why has there been such neglect? Part of the explanation lies in the image problem. As the slowest form of motorized transportation and as the cheapest form of public transportation buses have, since the middle of the twentieth century, been perceived as the option of those who cannot afford to travel by car, train or plane. They have thus become associated with the young, the elderly, the poor, minority groups and women. Historians have avoided contact with bus history as they have avoided contact with bus travel. They have preferred to pay attention to trains and rail companies especially those of the nineteenth century. Particularly in the United States where rail service has become geographically very limited an ethos of pathos and romance is still associated with the ‘Iron Horse.’"
},
{
"docid": "D1250668#0",
"title": "http://americanhistory.about.com/od/greatdepression/tp/new_deal_programs.htm\nTop 10 New Deal Programs of the 1930s",
"text": "Humanities ›History & Culture Top 10 New Deal Programs of the 1930s FDR's Signature Strategy to Combat the Great Depression Share Flipboard Email Printby Martin Kelly Updated March 04, 2018The New Deal was a sweeping package of public works projects, federal regulations, and financial system reforms enacted by the U. S. federal government in an effort to help the nation survive and recover from the Great Depression of the 1930s. The New Deal programs created jobs and provided financial support for the unemployed, the young, and the elderly, as well as adding safeguards and constraints to the banking industry and monetary system. Mostly enacted between 1933 and 1938, during the first term of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the New Deal was implemented through legislation enacted by Congress and presidential executive orders. The programs addressed what historians call the “3 Rs” of dealing with the depression, Relief, Recovery, and Reform— relief for the poor and jobless, recovery of the economy, and reform of the nation’s financial system to safeguard against future depressions. The Great Depression, which lasted from 1929 to 1939, was the largest and most significant economic depression to affect both the United States and all Western countries. The stock market crash on Oct. 29, 1929, is infamously known as Black Tuesday and was the worst stock market decline in the history of the United States. Heavy speculation during the rising economy of the 1920s combined with widespread buying on margin (borrowing a large percentage of the cost of an investment) were factors in the crash. It marked the beginning of the Great Depression. To Act or Not Herbert Hoover was president when the crash occurred, but he felt that the government should not take stringent action to deal with heavy losses by investors and the subsequent effects that rippled throughout the economy. Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected in 1932, and he had other ideas."
},
{
"docid": "D1383560#0",
"title": "http://www.dummies.com/education/history/american-history/franklin-delano-roosevelt-and-the-new-deal/\nFranklin Delano Roosevelt and the New Deal",
"text": "Education History American History Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the New Deal Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the New Deal In 1932, Herbert Hoover was the U. S. president. In 1933, he was toast. Much of the country blamed Hoover for the Depression, although the groundwork for it had been laid long before he was elected in 1928. Hoover’s big mistake was that he kept saying things would get better if everyone was just a little patient — and things just got worse. When the next presidential election came along, it was pretty clear that the Democrats could nominate a dead dog and still beat Hoover. Fortunately for the country, they passed up deceased canines and chose the governor of New York. His name was Franklin Delano Roosevelt, an appellation reduced in newspaper headlines and the popular parlance to “FDR.”FDR’s background A distant cousin of Theodore Roosevelt and the only son of a wealthy railroad executive, FDR attended the best private schools and graduated from Harvard. Trained as a lawyer, Roosevelt served in the state legislature, became assistant secretary of the Navy, and had a boundless future. Then, in 1921, he was struck by polio and crippled. But Roosevelt had an indomitable spirit."
},
{
"docid": "D160603#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/4433405/new-deal-programs-flash-cards/\nNew Deal Programs",
"text": "9 terms jazariel95New Deal Programs Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) employed about 3 million unemployed, unmarried men, ages 18-25, to work on projects that benefited the public, planting trees to reforest areas, building levees for flood control, and improving national parks. This program gave jobs to men but it also benefited the public. The CCC was designed to provide employment for young men in relief families who had difficulty finding jobs during the Great Depression while at the same time implementing a general natural resource conservation program in every state and territory. Despite its popular support, the CCC was never a permanent agency. It depended on emergency and temporary Congressional legislation for its existence. By 1942, with the war industries booming and the draft in operation, need declined and Congress voted to close the program. The CCC was one of the most successful of the New Deal programs. Even today, many people think something like the CCC would be benificial for our economy and the unemployed."
},
{
"docid": "D3320510#0",
"title": "https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/the-great-depression/\n",
"text": "\"Great Depression: unemployed, destitute man leaning against vacant store, by Dorothea Lange Photo: Public Domain The Great Depression Significant events of the Great Depression started on Black Thursday, October 24, 1929. On that day, nearly 13 million shares of stocks were traded. It was a record number of stock trades for the United States. Mr. J. P. Morgan and a few other bankers attempted to bail out the banking system using their own money. They were unsuccessful and their move led to a slight increase in stock price on Saturday, October 26. Then, over the weekend, many investors lost faith in the stock market and decided to sell their shares. When the markets reopened on Monday, October 28, 1929, another record number of stocks were traded and the stock market declined more than 22 percent. The situation worsened yet again on October 29, 1929, the infamous Black Tuesday. That is when more than 16 million stocks were traded. The stock market ultimately lost $14 billion that day. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D405829#0",
"title": "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Independent+agencies+of+the+United+States+government\nAdministrative Agency",
"text": "\"Administrative Agency (redirected from Independent agencies of the United States government) Also found in: Financial, Wikipedia . Administrative Agency An official governmental body empowered with the authority to direct and supervise theimplementation of particular legislative acts. In addition to agency, such governmental bodies may be called commissions, corporations (e.g., Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ), boards,departments, or divisions. Administrative agencies are created by the federal Constitution, the U. S. Congress, statelegislatures, and local lawmaking bodies to manage crises, redress serious social problems, or oversee complex matters of governmental concern beyond the expertise of legislators. Although Article I, Section 1, of the federal Constitution plainly states that \"\" [a]ll legislative Powers hereingranted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States,\"\" the \"\"necessary-and-proper\"\" clause, in the eighth section of the same article, states that Congress shall have power \"\" [t]o make all Lawswhich shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers … in any Department or Officer thereof.\"\" With this language, many have argued that the Framers of the Constitution expected, indeed encouraged, the creation of powerful administrativeagencies. This argument prevailed, and courts therefore have allowed the U. S. Congress—and otherlegislative bodies—to make laws that delegate limited lawmaking authority to administrativeagencies. The substance of an administrative agency's powers must be intelligible, and a system of controls must be in place to limit those powers, but courts almost always find that administrativeagencies meet these requirements. Administrative agency rules and regulations often have the force of law against individuals. Thistendency has led many critics to charge that the creation of agencies circumvents the constitutionaldirective that laws are to be created by elected officials."
}
] |
619831
|
what did the albany movement accomplish
|
[
{
"docid": "D1231596#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albany_Movement\nAlbany Movement",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. No cleanup reason has been specified. Please help improve this article if you can. ( February 2011) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Albany Movement Part of the Civil Rights Movement Date October 1961 – August 1962Location Albany, Georgia in Dougherty County and adjacent counties - Baker, Lee, Mitchell County, Georgia, Sumter, and Terrell Caused by Racial segregation Desegregation order from Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)Parties to the civil conflict Albany Movement (coalition)Ministerial Alliance Federation of Women's Clubs Negro Voters League National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)NAACP Youth Council Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)Albany Board of City Commissioners City Manager of Albany Albany Police Department Albany State College Lead figures SCLC members Martin Luther King Jr. SNCC members Charles Sherrod Cordell Reagon Charles Jones City of Albany Asa Kelley, Albany Mayor and Chairman of City Commissioners Steve Roos, City Manager of Albany Laurie Pritchett, Albany Chief of Police The Albany Movement was a desegregation and voter's rights coalition formed in Albany, Georgia, in November of 1961. Local black leaders and ministers, as well as members of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) founded the group [1]. In December 1961, at the request of some senior leaders of The Albany Movement, Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) became involved in assisting the Albany group with organizing protests and demonstrations meant to draw attention to the continued and often brutally enforced racial segregation practices in Southwest Georgia. However, many leaders in SNCC were fundamentally opposed to King and the SCLC's involvement, as they felt a more democratic grassroots approach aimed at long-term solutions was preferable for the area than King's tendency towards short-term, authoritatively run organizing [2]. Although The Albany Movement is deemed by some as a failure due to its unsuccessful attempt at desegregating public spaces in Southwest Georgia, those most directly involved in the Movement tend to disagree, citing it as a beneficial lesson in strategy and tactics for the leaders of the Civil Rights Movement and a key component to the Movement's future successes in desegregation and policy changes in other areas of the Deep South [3]. Contents [ hide ]1 Campaign2 Dr. King's involvement3 Legacy4 References4.1 Sources5 External links Campaign [ edit]Prior to the forming of The Albany Movement coalition, there had been neither formal organized protests against the segregated public facilities in Albany, nor challenges to the Jim Crow laws prohibiting and deterring black voter registration, although one small band of local black leaders had attempted at one point to petition the city's commissioners for the desegregation of a few public spaces, to no avail [4]. With the arrival of three young SNCC field workers ( Charles Sherrod, Cordell Reagon, and Charles Jones) in October of 1961, came the concentrated organization of voter registration and mass meetings, culminating in the formation, alongside other civil right groups, of The Albany Movement. Initially the established African-American leadership in Albany was resistant to the activities of the incoming SNCC activists. C. W. King, an African-American real estate agent in Albany, was the SNCC agents' main initial contact. H. C. Boyd, the preacher at Shiloh Baptist in Albany allowed Sherrod to use part of his church to recruit people for meetings on nonviolence. [ 5] For decades, the situation in segregated Albany had been insufferable for its black inhabitants, who made up 40% of the town's population [6]. At the time of The Albany Movement's formation, sexual assaults against female students of all black Albany State College by white men remained virtually ignored by law enforcement officials."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1231599#0",
"title": "http://www.walb.com/story/16047367/recalling-the-hisotry-of-the-albany-movement\nRecalling the history of the Albany Movement",
"text": "\"Recalling the history of the Albany Movement Before Dr. Martin Luther King, Junior dreamed of the March on Washington, before he faced down Billy clubs in Birmingham, before he marched on Selma's Edmund Pettus Bridge on Bloody Sunday, he came to Albany to help lead a group of locals and college students and visiting activists in the Albany Movement. A movement that began 50-years ago tonight. On November 17, 1961. A group of local black leaders met in the home of an Albany dentist and officially formed the Albany Movement. There were many important leaders of the movement. But no one is more responsible for getting it started than Rev. Charles Sherrod. During a stroll through the civil rights park that bears his name, Rev. Charles Sherrod is recognized by a couple of men who left Albany years ago but who recognize his legacy. \"\" Cause I used to do Dr. King's clothes.\"\" Stories come easily among men with shared struggles. \"\" I wouldn't be a snake and be caught up there at that time. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D38800#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_rights_movement\nCivil rights movement",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the social and political movement in the United States for equal rights for African-Americans, focusing on the actions of the movement after 1954. For a worldwide series of social and political movements, see Civil rights movements. For the timeline of this movement's events prior to 1954, see Civil rights movement (disambiguation). Civil rights movement The March on Washington participants and leaders marching from the Washington Monument to the Lincoln Memorial Date 1954–1968 (15 years) [a]Location United States Resulted in Rulings by federal judiciary:\"\" Separate but equal \"\" doctrine overturned by Brown v. Board of Education (1954)Bus segregation ruled unconstitutional by Browder v. Gayle (1956)Interracial marriages legalized by Loving v. Virginia (1967)Passage of federal laws: Civil Rights Act of 1957Civil Rights Act of 1960Civil Rights Act of 1964Voting Rights Act of 1965Civil Rights Act of 1968 ( Fair Housing Act)Ratification of a federal constitutional amendment:24th Amendment (1964)Formation of federal agencies: Civil Rights Division within US Department of Justice (1957)US Commission on Civil Rights (1957)Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (1965)Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity within US Department of Housing and Urban Development (1968)The civil rights movement (also known as the African-American civil rights movement, American civil rights movement and other terms) [b] was a decades long movement with the goal of securing legal rights for African Americans that other Americans already held. With roots starting in the Reconstruction era during the late 19th century, the movement resulted in the largest legislative impacts after the direct actions and grassroots protests organized from the mid-1950s until 1968. Encompassing strategies, various groups, and organized social movements to accomplish the goals of ending legalized racial segregation and discrimination in the United States, the movement, using major nonviolent campaigns, eventually secured new recognition in federal law and federal protection of all Americans. After the American Civil War and the abolition of slavery in the 1860s, the Reconstruction Amendments to the United States Constitution, sought to secure the rights of African Americans. While for a short time during the Reconstruction era, African Americans voted and held political office, they were soon deprived of civil rights, often under Jim Crow laws, and subjected to discrimination and sustained violence. Over the following century, various efforts were made by African Americans to secure their legal rights. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations and productive dialogues between activists and government authorities."
},
{
"docid": "D2248594#0",
"title": "http://www.towardtheone.com/sufidance/RuthStDenis.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Ruth St. Denis and the Dances of Universal Peace Ruth St. Denis, noted modern dancer, was a teacher and colleague of Murshid Sam Lewis, the founder of Sufi Dancing (Dances of Universal Peace). These two articles were published in the Albany Times Union newspaper as part of its coverage of \"\"Honoring the Divine Dancer,\"\" the Ruth St. Denis festival which took place place in January, 2004, at the National Museum of Dance in Saratoga Springs, NY. The first focuses on Ruth St. Denis, the second, the Dances of Universal Peace. We hope you enjoy reading them!St. Denis Put Mark on Modern Dance The Spirit Moves Them: Dances of Universal Peace St. Denis Put Mark on Modern Dance By Joseph Dalton, Staff writer Albany Times-Union, Sunday, January 11, 2004A pioneering solo dancer, choreographer and teacher, Ruth St. Denis (1878-1968) was a pivotal figure in American modern dance. Although she may not have wide name recognition, her work might be considered a bridge between Isadora Duncan's free-form expression and Martha Graham's more codified technique. Her influence is no less great. St. Denis began her career as a \"\"skirt dancer\"\" in vaudeville in the 1890s. After the turn of the century, she toured Europe and America as a soloist, performing in dances of her own creation that were characterized by an exotic mystique and elaborate costumes. In 1915, she and her husband, the dancer Ted Shawn, founded the legendary Denishawn school and company."
},
{
"docid": "D1809903#0",
"title": "http://www.nba.com/coachfile/phil_jackson/\n.",
"text": "\"Phil Jackson Print RSS Feeds E-News Sign Up College - North Dakota Phil Jackson re-joined the Los Angeles Lakers as their head coach on June 14, 2005, less than one year after he left the team to take a year off from coaching. Jackson, the NBA's career leader in playoff victories and playoff winning percentage, has won nine NBA titles, tying Red Auerbach for the most all-time. Jackson guided the Lakers to three titles in his first stint as their head coach from 1999-2004, and guided the Chicago Bulls to six NBA championships in his nine years as head coach from 1989-1998. Going into the 2005-06 season, Jackson owns a career coaching record of 832-316, his .725 winning percentage being by far the best in NBA annals. He has a career playoff record of 175-69, his winning percentage of .717 also heading the list. In terms of most victories, Jackson is tied with Cotton Fitzsimmons for 10th in the regular season but stands alone at number one in the playoffs. Jackson is a study in adaptability. As a boy in the 1950s, he conformed to the wishes of his parents, who were evangelical ministers. As a college student in the 1960s, he followed a popular path by expanding his spiritual opportunities in the classroom and in life. As a basketball player in the 1970s, he adopted the New York Knicks' unselfish, team-oriented style of play."
},
{
"docid": "D1122955#0",
"title": "http://chnm.gmu.edu/courses/schrag/wiki/index.php?title=Origins_of_the_Civil_Rights_Movement\nOrigins of the Civil Rights Movement",
"text": "\"Aldon D. Morris, The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement: Black Communities Organizing for Change, New York: The Free Press, 1984. 354 p. ISBN 0-02-922130-7Summary The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement: Black Communities Organizing for Change, by Aldon D. Morris, is a study of the first decade of the civil rights movement from 1953-1963. The author’s purpose is to explain how the civil tights movement came into being and became a major force. Morris also seeks to analyze the role in the movement of black masses, showing their organization and interconnectedness, thus refuting the popular view of unrelated spontaneous actions by various groups. As Morris says, “Social scientists for too long have portrayed the masses as a flock of sheep reacting blindly to uncontrollable forces.” ( p. vi) Instead, Morris describes an “organized and collective form of black protest,” constituting the “modern civil rights movement,” which he defines as “the black movement that emerged in the South during the 1950’s, when large masses of black people became directly involved in economic boycotts, street marches, mass meetings, going to jail by the thousands, and a whole range of disruptive tactics commonly referred to as nonviolent direct action.” ( p. ix)Morris describes the pervasive and oppressive system of segregation imposed on blacks in the South, which included personal, economic, and political oppression. Ironically, however, he finds that segregation did have positive consequences, saying, “It facilitated the development of black institutions and the building of close-knit communities.” He further states, “Segregation provided the constraining yet nurturing environment out of which a complex urban black society developed.” ( p. 3) He finds that the black church was the dominant institution and center of black society and states, “The black church functioned as the institutional center of the modern civil rights movement.” ("
},
{
"docid": "D1262170#0",
"title": "http://diverseeducation.com/article/49919/\nWho Really Receives Racial Preferences in Admissions? Not Blacks",
"text": "Who Really Receives Racial Preferences in Admissions? Not Blacks December 4, 2012 |: Tweet Printby Dr. Ibram X. Kendi As a scholar of race and education, I am enjoying the national public debate over affirmative action. Like any professor who discusses race in their classrooms and publishes on race, I simply enjoy when we discuss race in public. With the Michigan appellate court striking down the state’s ban on affirmative action in mid-November, the discussion, or the debate rather, will only continue — a continuing debate of race that is healthy for America. During this debate, I have felt like that brother who becomes excited every time he sees his sibling reading since he is notoriously averse to non-fiction books. However, whenever I look down and read the fine print of the affirmative action discussions, my excitement turns to concern, like the brother when he walks over, looks down, and sees the title of his sibling’s novel. Is that the only thing he likes to read? What about something non-fiction? The title of our affirmative action novel reads: “Racial Preferences in Admissions for Blacks — Good or Bad.” Is that the only discussion we like to have?"
},
{
"docid": "D2968866#0",
"title": "http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=129470920\n'A People's History' Of The March On Washington",
"text": "\"Books'A People's History' Of The March On Washington Listen · 5:515:51Queue Download Embed Embed< iframe src=\"\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/129470920/129497826\"\" width=\"\"100%\"\" height=\"\"290\"\" frameborder=\"\"0\"\" scrolling=\"\"no\"\" title=\"\"NPR embedded audio player\"\">Transcript August 28, 2010 9:25 AM ETHeard on All Things Considered NPR Staff Aug. 28, 1963: Hundreds of thousands of demonstrators walk down Constitution Avenue during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. In his new book Nobody Turn Me Around, Charles Euchner chronicles the peaceful civil rights demonstration though the stories of people who were there. Hulton Archive/Hulton Archive Nobody Turn Me Around: A People's History of the 1963 March on Washington By Charles Euchner Hardcover, 256 pages Beacon Press List price: $26.95Read An Excerpt Early on the morning of Aug. 28, 1963, the National Mall in Washington, D. C., was empty apart from a few sightseers. But by midday, close to half a million people were massed peacefully among the monuments and museums for what became one of the most important events in the civil rights movement: the March on Washington. What most people remember about that day, says author Charles Euchner, is the speech Martin Luther King Jr. gave. \"\" It's been reduced to four words, 'I have a dream,' over the years,\"\" he tells NPR's Audie Cornish. \"\" And those are, in fact, four of the greatest words ever uttered in American political oratory. But the reason they were so powerful was the people who were on the Mall. \"\" Euchner's new book, Nobody Turn Me Around: A People's History of the 1963 March on Washington, tells the story of the march through the eyes and voices of the people who helped make it happen. One of those people was march organizer Bayard Rustin, a veteran civil rights activist who had been a controversial choice to head up the preparations. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D3455143#0",
"title": "http://www.vqronline.org/grass-roots-civil-rights\nGrass Roots Civil Rights",
"text": "ISSUE: Autumn 1996Local People: The Struggle for Civil Rights in Mississippi. By John Dittmer. Illinois. $2995 I’ve Got the Light of Freedom: The Organizing Tradition and the Mississippi Freedom Struggle. By Charles M. Payne. California.$28.00. The state of Mississippi has received more than its fair share of attention from America’s most talented humanists. The novels and stories of William Faulkner and Eudora Welty have explored the human condition in Magnolia State settings. Why Mississippi has enjoyed the spotlight has invited much speculation: beyond the accident of geniuses’ births, explanations have pointed to its violent racial exploitation, its preoccupation with its history, and its profound provincialism. Talented historians recently have examined Mississippi’s past and rendered powerful works."
},
{
"docid": "D2294909#0",
"title": "https://antebellumperiod.wordpress.com/temperance/leaders-in-temperance/\nLeaders in Temperance",
"text": "Leaders in Temperance Many leaders emerged during the Temperance Movement advocating the dangers of alcohol and benefits of not drinking. More often than not, these leaders started or were attached to a Temperance organization. Here are some leaders: John B. Gough A recovered drunkard himself, John B. Gough began a career lecturing against drinking and alcohol in 1842. During this time lecturing grew as a profession so he was able live off his more than 9,000 lectures and over nine million listeners at them. Most of consisted of Gough speaking about his own personal struggles with alcohol which stemmed from the death of his family, unemployment, and homelessness. Even though he had many relapses with alcohol, he still managed to have a very successful career as a temperance reformist. At the time of his death the New York Times wrote, “ [he] was probably better known in this country and in Great Britain than any other public speaker.” “ The Dangers of Moderate Drinking” excerpt written by Gough: http://www.1timothy4-13.com/files/teach/drinkdanger.html Edward C. Delavan Delavan was a controversial temperance leader from New York. He retired in his mid-30s as he was very successful in the real estate market. In 1829, two years after his retirement, Delavan became involved in the Temperance Movement and helped in founding the New York State Temperance Society."
},
{
"docid": "D2448750#0",
"title": "http://www.studymode.com/subjects/compare-william-faulkner-and-ernest-hemingway-style-of-writing-page1.html\n\"\"\"Compare William Faulkner And Ernest Hemingway Style Of Writing\"\" Essays and Research Papers\"",
"text": "\"\"\"Compare William Faulkner And Ernest Hemingway Style Of Writing\"\" Essays and Research Papers Compare William Faulkner And Ernest Hemingway Style Of Writing Compare and contrast: Hemingway v. Faulkner Each writer has its very own and unique style when writing a story. The style a writer uses to write a story shows the tone being use, symbolism, characterization and description, enough for the reader to understand the story. Two well-known writers with completely different styles are Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner. “ Faulkner uses many words to weave an intricate picture in the reader's head of what is going on, and Hemingway uses many monosyllabic... American literature, Ernest Hemingway, Fiction 1313 Words | 3 Pages Open Document Review of Ernest Hemingway and Writings Review of Ernest Hemingway and Writings Ernest Miller Hemingway was an American novelest and short-story writer whose writings and personal life exerted a profound influence on American writers of his time and thereafter. Many of his works are regarded as American classics, and some have subsequently been made into motion pictures. A review of Hemingway reveals many interesting points about his life, about the influences upon his works, and of the the themes and styles of his writings . An examination... American literature, Ernest Hemingway, Mary Welsh Hemingway 1531 Words | 4 Pages Open Document William Faulkner: Short Story of Explication, a Rose for Emily Short Story Explication- “A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner CONNECTIONS • One thing that “A Rose for Emily” has in common with the sketches is over the subject of feminism. Faulkner is thought to have been a feminist, while the writings of Irving and Hawthorne, clearly portray non-feministic ideas. Hawthorne and Faulkner also share a tendency to write about dark, heavy and depressing subjects. • Faulkner’s writings were mostly influenced by where he was from."
},
{
"docid": "D3136796#0",
"title": "http://blogs.timesofisrael.com/is-government-best-which-governs-least/\nIs government best which governs least?",
"text": "The Blogs> Gil Reich This post has been contributed by a third party. The opinions, facts and any media content here are presented solely by the author, and The Times of Israel assumes no responsibility for them. In case of abuse, report this post . Is government best which governs least? May 1, 2013, 11:06 am Tweet Email Print Share Blogger Gil Reich Gil Reich is the author of If You Write My Story, which helps kids deal with life, love, and loss. … [ More]Follow or contact: Facebook Twitter RSSWebsite Blogs Editor Email More in this blog Yosef’s collapse Reading the feminine voices into Kohelet My Minimalist Temple Vision History, written by survivors The Religious Zealot’s Tragedy“I hope this guy with a THAT GOVERNMENT IS BEST WHICH GOVERNS LEAST bumper sticker achieves his dream of moving to Somalia someday.” – Ken Jennings Minimalism as a management principle Most people seem to understand and agree with the idea that management is best that manages least. The people working for me certainly did. Where possible, a manager should create an environment where individuals manage themselves, acting with responsibility, creativity, initiative, camaraderie, and self-restraint, to best achieve the company’s goals. It’s a style and philosophy of management that takes “First, do no harm” as its first rule, striving first not to suck out people’s natural creativity and desire to succeed with others."
},
{
"docid": "D703198#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melvil_Dewey\nMelvil Dewey",
"text": "\"Melvil Dewey From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Melvil Dewey Born Melville Louis Kossuth Dewey December 10, 1851Adams Center, New York Died December 26, 1931 (aged 80) Lake Placid, Florida Nationality American Other names Melvil Dewey Melvil Dui Alma mater Amherst College Middletown High School Occupation librarian, resort developer, reformer Known for Dewey Decimal Classification Spouse (s) Annie R. Godfrey (1878) Emily Mc Kay Beal (1924)Relatives Godfrey Dewey (son)Signature Melville Louis Kossuth \"\"Melvil\"\" Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931) was an American librarian and educator, inventor of the Dewey Decimal system of library classification, and a founder of the Lake Placid Club. Contents [ hide ]1 Education and personal life2 Work2.1 Dewey Decimal Classification2.2 American Library Association2.3 School of Library Economy2.4 Traveling Libraries2.5 Metric system advocacy2.6 Other Reforms and the Lake Placid Club3 Selected publications4 See also5 References6 Further reading7 External links Education and personal life [ edit]Dewey was born in Adams Center, New York, the fifth and last child of Joel and Eliza Greene Dewey. He attended rural schools and determined early that his destiny was to reform education of the masses. [ 1] He briefly attended Alfred University (1870), [2] then Amherst College, where he belonged to Delta Kappa Epsilon, and from which he earned a bachelor's degree in 1874 and a master's in 1877. While still a student, he founded the Library Bureau, which sold high-quality index-cards and filing-cabinets, and established the standard dimensions for catalog cards. [ 3]As a young adult he advocated spelling reform; he changed his name from the usual \"\"Melville\"\" to \"\"Melvil\"\", without redundant letters, and for a time changed his surname to \"\"Dui\"\". [ 4]From 1883 to 1888 he was chief librarian at Columbia University. During his time as director of the New York State Library (1888–1906) Dewey established a program of traveling libraries. From 1888 to 1900 Dewey served as secretary and executive officer of the University of the State of New York. In 1895 Dewey founded the Lake Placid Club with his wife Annie."
},
{
"docid": "D2075979#0",
"title": "http://thehistoryjunkie.com/battle-of-bennington-facts/\nBattle of Bennington",
"text": "Battle of Bennington By Russell Yost The Battle of Bennington was an influential battle in the American Revolutionary War that took place on August 16, 1777, in Walloomsac, New York, about 10 miles from Bennington, Vermont. A rebel force of 2,000 men, primarily made up of New Hampshire and Massachusetts militiamen, led by General John Stark, and reinforced by men led by Colonel Seth Warner and members of the notorious Green Mountain Boys, decisively defeated a detachment of General John Burgoyne’s army led by Lieutenant Colonel Friedrich Baum, and supported by more men under Lieutenant Colonel Heinrich von Breymann. This victory set the stage for the defeat of Burgoyne at the Battle of Saratoga. Ep 33: The Battle of Bennington Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 28:21Baum’s men of dismounted Brunswick dragoons, Canadians, Loyalists, and Indians totaled around 700 and was sent by Burgoyne to raid Bennington in the disputed New Hampshire Grants area for horses, draft animals, and other supplies. Unfortunately, Burgoyne had faulty intelligence as he ran into 1,500 militiamen under the command of General John Stark. This fatal mistake would cost Burgoyne one of his commanders when Baum fell and many casualties. Bennington was a key victory in the American Revolutionary War and it does not receive the recognition that it deserves. One could argue that without Bennington that there would not have been a victory at Saratoga since the Battle of Bennington reduced Burgoyne’s men by close to 1,000, hurt his standing with the Indians and deprived him of necessary supplies. These were all things that led to Burgoyne’s surrender at Saratoga."
},
{
"docid": "D138637#0",
"title": "https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/14/nyregion/cuomo-state-of-state-speech-new-york-homelessness-ethics.html\nCuomo, in State of State Speech, Unveils $20 Billion Housing Plan",
"text": "N. Y. / Region Cuomo, in State of State Speech, Unveils $20 Billion Housing Plan By JESSE Mc KINLEY and VIVIAN YEE JAN. 13, 201662Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo delivered his State of the State and budget address in Albany on Wednesday. Nathaniel Brooks for The New York Times ALBANY — Proposing to address the challenges of homelessness and a lack of affordable housing, Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo of New York delivered a State of the State speech on Wednesday that called for a financial and spiritual commitment to rebuild the state’s social and physical infrastructure. Mr. Cuomo, in a broad and at times emotional vision of his 2016 agenda, put forth a $20 billion plan to add 100,000 permanent housing units over five years, and thousands more units of housing that would offer shelter and social services across the state. In doing so, he vowed to exert his influence over problems that have bedeviled New York City. While the housing plan would benefit the city, elements of Mr. Cuomo’s proposed budget, also released on Wednesday, would have an opposite effect. He called on the city to increase its contribution to the City University of New York system and to Medicaid costs — further complicating a strained relationship with Mayor Bill de Blasio, a fellow Democrat. Mr. Cuomo, in a convention hall adjacent to the State Capitol, spoke as the former leaders of the State Assembly and the State Senate, Sheldon Silver and Dean G. Skelos, prepare to be sentenced for their convictions on federal corruption charges. Governor Cuomo Outlines 2016 Agenda Video by NYGov Cuomo The governor’s own concerns about a possible prosecution related to his interference and abrupt shutdown of an anticorruption panel known as the Moreland Commission in 2014 were eased on Monday, when the United States attorney in Manhattan said that there was “insufficient evidence” the governor had committed a crime."
},
{
"docid": "D1522158#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/2210563/ap-us-review-flash-cards/\nAP US Review",
"text": "\"239 terms garrettrosen1AP US Review Columbus he began the first migration since the Paleo Indians in 1492. He was a deeply religious man, who was obsessed with getting support for his voyage to sail across the Atlantic Ocean to get to China. Columbus hoped to be honored and elevated to the aristocracy for his daring and bold travels across the Atlantic to America. Drake Francis Drake was an English Sea Captain. He was a politician during the Elizabethan Era. Elizabeth the I crowned him to knighthood. He was and English hero and a Spanish pirate. Raleigh in 1585 he made plans to settle in Roanoke Island, and after the explorers left there were no more colonists until two years later. In 1594 he heard of a \"\"city of gold\"\" in South America, and Sailed to find it. Throughout his trip he wrote a book called El Dorado."
},
{
"docid": "D1040305#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr.\nMartin Luther King Jr.",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Martin Luther King, Jr.)navigation search\"\"Martin Luther King\"\" and \"\"MLK\"\" redirect here. For other uses, see Martin Luther King (disambiguation) and MLK (disambiguation). Martin Luther King Jr. King in 19641st President of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference In office January 10, 1957 – April 4, 1968Preceded by Office established Succeeded by Ralph Abernathy Personal details Born Michael King Jr. January 15, 1929 Atlanta, Georgia, U. S. Died April 4, 1968 (aged 39) Memphis, Tennessee, U. S. Cause of death Assassination Nationality American Spouse (s) Coretta Scott ( m. 1953)Children Yolanda Denise King Martin Luther King IIIDexter Scott King Bernice Albertine King Parents Martin Luther King Sr. Alberta Williams King Relatives Christine King Farris (sister)Alfred Daniel Williams King (brother)Alveda King (niece)Alma mater Morehouse College Crozer Theological Seminary Boston University Occupation Minister activist Known for Civil rights movement, Peace movement Awards Nobel Peace Prize (1964)Presidential Medal of Freedom (1977, posthumous)Congressional Gold Medal (2004, posthumous)Monuments Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Signature This article is part of a series about Martin Luther King Jr. Biography Sermons and speeches Campaigns Montgomery bus boycott Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom Youth March for Integrated Schools Albany Movement Birmingham campaign Walk to Freedom March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom St. Augustine movement Selma to Montgomery marches Chicago Open Housing Movement March Against Fear Memphis sanitation strike Poor People's Campaign Death and memorial Assassination American federal holiday National memorial National Historical Parkv t e Martin Luther King Jr. (January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the civil rights movement from 1954 until his death in 1968. He is best known for advancing civil rights through nonviolence and civil disobedience, tactics his Christian beliefs and the nonviolent activism of Mahatma Gandhi helped inspire. King led the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott and in 1957 became the first president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). With the SCLC, he led an unsuccessful 1962 struggle against segregation in Albany, Georgia, and helped organize the nonviolent 1963 protests in Birmingham, Alabama. He also helped organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his famous \"\" I Have a Dream \"\" speech. On October 14, 1964, King won the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolent resistance. [ 1] In 1965, he helped organize the Selma to Montgomery marches."
},
{
"docid": "D2514649#0",
"title": "https://www.revolvy.com/main/index.php?s=William%20Lyon%20Mackenzie&item_type=topic\nWilliam Lyon Mackenzie",
"text": "\"William Lyon Mackenzie Save William Lyon Mackenzie (March 12, 1795 – August 28, 1861) was a Scottish-Canadian journalist and politician. He was the first mayor of Toronto and was a leader during the 1837 Upper Canada Rebellion. Early life & Immigration Background, early years in Scotland, and education, 1795–1820William Lyon Mackenzie was born on March 12, 1795, in Scotland in the Dundee suburb Springfield. [ 1] His mother Elizabeth ( née Chambers) of Kirkmichael was a widow seventeen years older than his father, weaver Daniel Mackenzie; [2] the couple married on May 8, 1794. Daniel died three weeks after William's birth, [3] and his 45-year-old mother raised him alone; [1] As Daniel had left her no significant property. Elizabeth Mackenzie was a deeply religious woman, a proponent of the Secession, a branch of Scottish Presbyterianism deeply committed to the separation of church and state . [ 3] While Mackenzie was not a religious man himself; he remained a lifelong proponent of separation of church and state. Mackenzie entered a parish grammar school at Dundee at age 5, thanks to a bursary, and then moved on to a Mr. Adie's school. He was a voracious reader, keeping a list of the 958 books he read between 1806 and 1820. By 1810 he was writing for a local newspaper."
},
{
"docid": "D1312520#0",
"title": "https://www.newikis.com/en/wiki/Melville_Dewey\nMelvil Dewey",
"text": "\"Melvil Dewey Melvil Dewey Born Melville Louis Kossuth Dewey December 10, 1851Adams Center, New York Died December 26, 1931 (aged 80) Lake Placid, Florida Nationality American Other names Melvil Dewey Melvil Dui Alma mater Amherst College ( MA) ( BA)Occupation librarian, resort developer, reformer Known for Dewey Decimal Classification Spouse (s)Annie R. Godfrey (1878) Emily Mc Kay Beal (1924)Relatives Godfrey Dewey (son)Signature Melville Louis Kossuth ( Melvil) Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931) was an American librarian and educator, inventor of the Dewey Decimal system of library classification, and a founder of the Lake Placid Club. Contents1 Education and personal life2 Work2.1 Dewey Decimal Classification2.2 American Library Association2.3 School of Library Economy2.4 Traveling Libraries2.5 Metric system advocacy2.6 Other Reforms and the Lake Placid Club3 Selected publications4 See also5 References6 Further reading7 External links Education and personal life [ edit]Dewey was born in Adams Center, New York, the fifth and last child of Joel and Eliza Greene Dewey. He attended rural schools and determined early that his destiny was to reform education of the masses. [ 1] He briefly attended Alfred University (1870), [2] then Amherst College, where he belonged to Delta Kappa Epsilon, and from which he earned a bachelor's degree in 1874 and a master's in 1877. While still a student, he founded the Library Bureau, which sold high-quality index-cards and filing-cabinets, and established the standard dimensions for catalog cards. [ 3]As a young adult he advocated spelling reform; he changed his name from the usual \"\"Melville\"\" to \"\"Melvil\"\", without redundant letters, and for a time changed his surname to \"\"Dui\"\". [ 4]From 1883 to 1888 he was chief librarian at Columbia University. During his time as director of the New York State Library (1888–1906) Dewey established a program of traveling libraries. From 1888 to 1900 Dewey served as secretary and executive officer of the University of the State of New York. In 1895 Dewey founded the Lake Placid Club with his wife Annie."
},
{
"docid": "D287330#0",
"title": "http://www.mainlesson.com/display.php?author=bachman&book=inventors&story=fulton\nROBERT FULTON AND THE INVENTION OF THE STEAMBOAT",
"text": "\"Look inside ... Great Inventors and Their Inventionsby Frank P. Bachman Twelve stories of great inventions, grouped under inventions of steam and electric power, inventions of manufacture and production, and in ventions of printing and communication. The final chapter introduces the famous inventors of the early twentieth century. The story of each invention is interwoven with that of the life of its inventor. Through these stories the reader learns how big things are brought about, and on the traits of mind and heart which make for success. Ages 10-14286 pages $11.95ROBERT FULTON AND THE INVENTION OF THE STEAMBOAT [25] O N August 17, 1807, a curious crowd of people in New York gathered at a boat landing. Tied to the dock was a strange-looking craft. A smokestack rose above the deck. From the sides of the boat, there stood out queer shaped paddle wheels. Of a sudden, the clouds of smoke from the smokestack grew larger, the paddle wheels turned, and the boat, to the astonishment of all, moved. It was \"\"Fulton's Folly,\"\" the Clermont, on her first trip to Albany."
},
{
"docid": "D1544777#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albany,_Georgia\nAlbany, Georgia",
"text": "\"Albany, Georgia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( February 2010) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Albany, Georgia City The Albany,Georgia Government Center Seal Nickname (s): The Good Life City, The Artesian City, Egypt Of America Motto (s): \"\"There's only one Albany, Georgia\"\"Location in Dougherty County and Georgia Coordinates: 31°34′56″N 84°9′56″WCoordinates: 31°34′56″N 84°9′56″WCountry United States State Georgia County Dougherty Incorporated (city) December 27, 1838Government• Mayor Dorothy Hubbard Area• City 55.9 sq mi (144.7 km 2)• Land 55.5 sq mi (144.8 km 2)• Water 0.3 sq mi (0.9 km 2)Elevation 203 ft (62 m)Population ( 2010) [1]• City 77,434• Estimate (2016) [2] 73,801• Density 1,386/sq mi (535.0/km 2)• Urban 77,434• Metro 157,308 (US: 258th)Demonym (s) Albanian Time zone EST ( UTC-5)• Summer ( DST) EDT ( UTC-4)ZIP code (s) 31701, 31705, 31707, 31721, 31763Area code (s) 229FIPS code 13-01052 [3]GNIS feature ID 0310424 [4]Website albany.ga.us Albany is a city in the U. S. state of Georgia. Located on the Flint River, it is the seat of Dougherty County. Located in southwest Georgia, [5] it is the principal city of the Albany, Georgia metropolitan area. The population was 77,434 at the 2010 U. S. Census, making it the eighth-largest city in the state. [ 1]It became prominent in the nineteenth century as a shipping and market center, first served by riverboats and then by railroads. Seven lines met in Albany, and it was a center of trade in the Southeast. It was part of the Black Belt, the extensive area in the Deep South of cotton plantations."
}
] |
619840
|
what did the american recovery and reinvestment act do
|
[
{
"docid": "D1233305#0",
"title": "http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2014/02/17/fifth-anniversary-american-recovery-and-reinvestment-act\nThe Fifth Anniversary of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act",
"text": "Five years ago, on February 17, 2009, less than a month into his first term, President Obama signed into law the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. At the time, the country was experiencing the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression. Private employers had already cut almost 4 million jobs, trillions in dollars in household wealth had been wiped out, and the economy’s total output was in the midst of its sharpest downturn of the postwar era. As part of the accountability and transparency provisions included in the Recovery Act, the Council of Economic Advisers was charged with providing to Congress quarterly reports on the Act’s effects. The final report in this series— and available HERE —affirms that the Recovery Act had a substantial positive impact on the economy, helped to avert a second Great Depression, and made targeted investments that will pay dividends long after the Act has fully phased out. In the four years following the Recovery Act, the President built on this initial step, signing into law over a dozen fiscal measures that extended key features of the Act and provided new sources of support. These measures included a temporary payroll tax cut for 160 million working Americans, additional extensions to the Emergency Unemployment Compensation program, expanded business tax incentives, small business tax cuts, and funding to protect teacher jobs. Today’s report also assesses the effects of fiscal legislation signed into law following the Recovery Act, offering a broader look at the President’s bold and decisive response to one of the most challenging periods in our Nation’s economic history. Specifically, the Report finds: The Recovery Act, by itself, saved or created about 6 million job-years, where a job-year is defined as one full-time job for one year. This translates to an average of 1.6 million jobs a year for four years through the end of 2012."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1552580#0",
"title": "http://www.epi.org/publication/bp243/\nEconomic scarringThe long-term impacts of the recession",
"text": "Economic scarring The long-term impacts of the recession Report • By John Irons • September 30, 2009Briefing Paper #243Download PDFExecutive summary Economic recessions are often portrayed as short-term events. However, as a substantial body of economic literature shows, the consequences of high unemployment, falling incomes, and reduced economic activity can have lasting consequences. For example, job loss and falling incomes can force families to delay or forgo a college education for their children. Frozen credit markets and depressed consumer spending can stop the creation of otherwise vibrant small businesses. Larger companies may delay or reduce spending on R&D. In each of these cases, an economic recession can lead to “scarring”—that is, long-lasting damage to individuals’ economic situations and the economy more broadly. This report examines some of the evidence demonstrating the long-run consequences of recessions. Findings include: Educational achievement: Unemployment and income losses can reduce educational achievement by threatening early childhood nutrition; reducing families’ abilities to provide a supportive learning environment (including adequate health care, summer activities, and stable housing); and by forcing a delay or abandonment of college plans. Opportunity: Recession-induced job and income losses can have lasting consequences on individuals and families. The increase in poverty that will occur as a result of the recession, for example, will have lasting consequences for kids, and will impose long-lasting costs on the economy. Private investment: Total non-residential investment is down by 20% from peak levels through the second quarter of 2009."
},
{
"docid": "D1180028#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_usage_of_the_United_States_military\nEnergy usage of the United States military",
"text": "\"A view of solar panels installed in 2011 on the roof of Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command Headquarters, San Diego. The rooftop photovoltaic installation supports the Department of Defense's goal of increasing renewable energy sources to 25 percent of all energy consumed by the year 2025. The United States Department of Defense is one of the largest single consumers of energy in the world, responsible for 93% of all US government fuel consumption in 2007 (Air Force: 52%; Navy: 33%; Army: 7%. Other Do D: 1%). [ 1] In FY 2006, the Do D used almost 30,000 gigawatt hours (GWH) of electricity, at a cost of almost $2.2 billion. The Do D's electricity use would supply enough electricity to power more than 2.6 million average American homes. In electricity consumption, if it were a country, the Do D would rank 58th in the world, using slightly less than Denmark and slightly more than Syria (CIA World Factbook, 2006). [ 1] The Department of Defense uses 4,600,000,000 US gallons (1.7 × 10 10 L) of fuel annually, an average of 12,600,000 US gallons (48,000,000 L) of fuel per day. A large Army division may use about 6,000 US gallons (23,000 L) per day. According to the 2005 CIA World Factbook, if it were a country, the Do D would rank 34th in the world in average daily oil use, coming in just behind Iraq and just ahead of Sweden. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1458112#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pell_Grants\nPell Grant",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Pell Grants)navigation search A Pell Grant is a subsidy the U. S. federal government provides for students who need it to pay for college. Federal Pell Grants are limited to students with financial need, who have not earned their first bachelor's degree, or who are enrolled in certain post-baccalaureate programs, through participating institutions. [ 1] [2] The Pell Grant is named after Democratic U. S. Senator Claiborne Pell of Rhode Island, and was originally known as the Basic Educational Opportunity Grant. A Pell Grant is generally considered the foundation of a student's financial aid package, to which other forms of aid are added. [ 3] The Federal Pell Grant program is administered by the United States Department of Education, which determines the student's financial need and through it, the student's Pell eligibility. The U. S. Department of Education uses a standard formula to evaluate financial information reported on the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) for determining the student's expected family contribution (EFC). [ 4]Pell Grants were created by the Higher Education Act of 1965. These federal funded grants are not like loans, and need not be repaid. Students may use their grants at any one of approximately 5,400 participating postsecondary institutions. These federally funded grants help about 5.4 million full-time and part-time college and vocational school students nationally. ["
},
{
"docid": "D264029#0",
"title": "https://community.box.com/t5/How-to-Guides-for-Account/HIPAA-and-HITECH/ta-p/19828\nHIPAA and HITECH",
"text": "In April of 2013, Box announced its ability to support the HIPAA and HITECH regulations, as well as the ability to sign HIPAA Business Associate Agreements (BAAs) with customers. Box is one of the few cloud-based application providers that signs HIPAA Business Associate Agreements (BAAs), demonstrating our ongoing investment in enterprise security, compliancy and control for our customers. What is HIPAA? HIPAA stands for the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996. It is a federal mandate that requires specific security and privacy protections for Protected Health Information (PHI). More information around HIPAA can be found here: http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/index.html What is the HITECH Act and the Final HIPAA Omnibus rule? The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act was signed into law in 2009, to promote the adoption and meaningful use of health information technology in the U. S. In 2013, the final HIPAA Omnibus rule set further statutory requirements, which greatly enhanced a patient’s privacy rights and protections, including holding all custodians of Protected Health Information (PHI) — including HIPAA Business Associates (BA) — subject to the same security and privacy rules as Covered Entities under HIPAA. How does Box facilitate HIPAA compliance for its customers? The Box product/platform meets the obligations required by HIPAA, HITECH, and the final HIPAA Omnibus ruling. Box signs BAA addendums to with its customers who have an Enterprise or Elite account and want to be HIPAA compliant."
},
{
"docid": "D3477294#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DTV_transition_in_the_United_States\nDigital television transition in the United States",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from DTV transition in the United States)navigation search Further information: Digital television transition The DTV (an abbreviation of digital television, also called digital broadcast) transition in the United States was the switchover from analog (the traditional method of transmitting television signals) to exclusively digital broadcasting of free over-the-air television programming. According to David Rehr, then president and CEO of the National Association of Broadcasters, this transition represented \"\"the most significant advancement of television technology since color TV was introduced.\"\" [ 1] For full-power TV stations, the transition went into effect on June 12, 2009, with stations ending regular programming on their analog signals no later than 11:59pm local time that day. [ 2]Under the Digital Transition and Public Safety Act of 2005, full-power broadcasting of analog television in the United States was initially planned to have ceased after February 17, 2009. To help U. S. consumers through the conversion, the Act also established a federally sponsored DTV Converter Box Coupon Program. The DTV Delay Act changed the mandatory analog cutoff date to June 12, although stations were permitted to cease analog transmissions before the new mandatory cutoff date. The legislation was enacted on February 4, 2009, and on February 11, 2009, President Barack Obama signed it into law. [ 3] [4] The purpose of the extension was to help the millions of households who had not been able to get their coupons for converters because demand for coupons exceeded the funding provided for in the initial bill, leaving millions on a waiting list to receive coupons. Funding for extra coupons was provided by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. By midnight on the original cut-off date of February 17, 2009, 641 stations representing 36 percent of U. S. full-power broadcasters were transmitting exclusively in digital. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1827765#0",
"title": "http://www.arrahitechsolutions.com/ARRA_HITECH_Act_FAQ_s.html\n.",
"text": "\"ARRA HITECH Act FAQ’s What is HITECH? What does HITECH mean to you? Medicare HITECH Incentive Timeline Medicaid HITECH Incentive Timelinee-Prescribe Bonus Who Qualifies for HITECH? Are HITECH incentives per physician or per office? What types of health care providers can qualify for HITECH incentives? What types of physicians qualify for HITECH incentives? What types of medical practitioners are included in HITECH? What types of medical practices do not qualify for HITECH incentives? Which geographic areas qualify for HITECH incentives? What is ONCHIT?"
},
{
"docid": "D2582708#0",
"title": "https://www.hipaa.com/tag/technical-safeguard/\nTag: Technical Safeguard",
"text": "Tag: Technical Safeguard HIPAA Final Rule: Modified Rule for Business Associates and Subcontractors February 6, 2013. Today, we cover the business associate Administrative Safeguard (b) of the Security Rule, as modified by the Final Rule: Modifications to the HIPAA Privacy, Security, Enforcement, and Breach Notification Rules Under the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act [HITECH Act] and the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act; Other Modifications of the HIPAA Rules, which was published in the Federal Register on January 25, 2013. The effective date of the Final Rule is March 26, 2013, and covered entities and business associates must comply by September 23, 2013. HIPAA did not directly regulate business associates of covered entities. The HITECH Act’s 13401 statutorily changed that: The…READ MOREFinal HIPAA Rule: Security Statutory Authority and Direct Regulation of Business Associates February 4, 2013. Today, we cover the security safeguards of the HIPAA Security Rule, as Modified by the Final Rule: Modifications to the HIPAA Privacy, Security, Enforcement, and Breach Notification Rules under the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act [HITECH Act] and the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act; Other Modifications of the HIPAA Rules, which was published in the Federal Register on January 25, 2013. The effective date of the Final Rule is March 26, 2013, and covered entities and business associates must comply by September 23, 2013. The statutory authority for applicability of the HIPAA Security Rule is in Section 13401 of the HITECH Act (123 STAT…. READ MORECMS and ONC Publish Final Rules for Meaningful Use Stage 2 Security in Federal Register September 4, 2012. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) entities: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC), published their Final Rules for Meaningful Use Stage 2 in today’s Federal Register."
},
{
"docid": "D2422690#0",
"title": "https://www.ed.gov/category/location/texas\nTexas",
"text": "Texas January 13, 2016Acting Education Secretary John King Launches “Opportunity Across America” Tour at El Paso’s Bowie High School Acting U. S. Tags: Texas Opportunity Across America Tour Media Advisories September 30, 2013Obama Administration Approves NCLB Flexibility Request for Texas The Obama administration today approved the State of Texas for a waiver from No Child Left Behind (NCLB), in exchange for state-developed plans to prepare all students for college and career, focus aid on the neediest students, and support effective teaching and leadership. Tags: Elementary Secondary Education Texas No Child Left Behind (NCLB)ESEA Flexibility Press Releases February 17, 2011Duncan Announces Four Community College Regional Summits Aimed at Boosting College Completion The U. S. Education Department will convene four community college regional summits in the next two months to identify promising practices for increasing completion at community colleges, Education Secretary Arne Duncan announced today. Tags: Postsecondary Education Texas Pennsylvania Indiana California College Completion Press Releases February 9, 2011Secretary Duncan Meets with Delegation from San Antonio Tags: District of Columbia Texas October 19, 2010Assistant Secretary Brenda Dann-Messier to Deliver Opening Remarks at Annual Career Conference in Dallas On Thursday, Brenda Dann-Messier, assistant secretary for Vocational and Adult Education, will deliver opening remarks at the National Career Pathways Network (NCPN) Annual Conference in Dallas, TX. Tags: Adult Education Vocational Education Texas Media Advisories August 10, 2010Texas To Receive More Than $1 Billion In Additional Recovery Funds U. S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan today announced that an additional $1,072,589,804 is now available for Texas under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009. To date, Texas has received $7,439,690,398 through the ARRA. The state recently reported that recovery dollars have been used to provide funding for more than 28,000 education jobs from Jan. Tags: Texas State Fiscal Stabilization Fund Recovery Act P-12 Reform Press Releases April 2, 2010Texas to Receive Nearly $338 Million to Turn Around Its Persistently Lowest Achieving Schools U. S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan today announced that Texas will receive nearly $338 million to turn around its persistently lowest achieving schools through the School Improvement Grants (SIG) program. These funds are part of the $3.5 billion that will be made available to states this spring from money set aside in the 2009 budget and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. Tags: Texas School Improvement Grants Recovery Act P-12 Reform Press Releases April 1, 2010Texas to Receive $51.4 Million to Turn Around Its Persistently Lowest-Achieving Schools U. S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan today announced that Texas will receive $51.4 million to turn around its persistently lowest achieving schools through the School Improvement Grants (SIG) program. The funds are part of $546 million available to states for the SIG program in fiscal year 2010. In fiscal year 2009, states received a total of $3.5 billion for the SIG program."
},
{
"docid": "D587333#0",
"title": "https://sunburstsoftwaresolutions.com/certified-payroll-reporting.htm\nWhat is a Certified Payroll Report? How do I complete one?",
"text": "\"What is a Certified Payroll Report? How do I complete one? Last Updated: 08 May 2015 | Print | Emailf Share Tweet Certified Payroll Reporting Requirements and the Davis-Bacon Act A U. S. federal law, the Davis-Bacon Act of 1931, set wage rate requirements on government funded construction projects (public works projects). All contractors and subcontractors who perform work on government construction contracts and federally-assisted construction projects over $2,000.00 are required to submit weekly-certified payroll reports to ensure government contract compliance. Many government contractors are currently subject to the Davis-Bacon Act, including more and more construction-industry firms and subcontractors, as a result of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. Construction, in this case, is a broad term; but, includes the alteration and/or repair of public buildings (including: painting, decorating, plumbing, electrical, HVAC, drywall, etc. ), it also includes Public Works Projects (the building or repair of roads and bridges), and under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), weatherization is included. A certified payroll report is a specially formatted payroll report, consisting of two pages: Certified Payroll Report - this contains information aabout who worked on the job, how much you paid them, etc. Statement of Compliance - this contains certain legal language and requires the original signature of a company official who is signing this document under penalty of perjury. Since 1931, many states have enacted their own prevailing wage laws (commonly called Little Davis-Bacon) with their own certified payroll reporting requirements to ensure that contractors are in compliance:14 states follow the reporting requirements of the U. S. Department of Labor - Wage & Hour Division and require the filing of the Federal (USDOL) Form WH-347 - OR - suitable alternative.12 states have developed their own \"\"state specific\"\" requirements that have been derived from the Federal format for construction projects funded solely with state dollars."
},
{
"docid": "D1883338#0",
"title": "https://www.cbpp.org/research/economic-downturn-and-legacy-of-bush-policies-continue-to-drive-large-deficits\nEconomic Downturn and Legacy of Bush Policies Continue to Drive Large Deficits",
"text": "Federal deficits and debt have been sharply higher under President Obama, but the evidence continues to show that the Great Recession, President Bush’s tax cuts, and the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq explain most of the deficits that have occurred on Obama’s watch — based on the latest Congressional Budget Office projections as well as legislation enacted since we last issued this analysis of what lies behind current deficits and debt. Though some lawmakers and pundits continue to blame record deficits on the President’s policies in general — and his actions to boost the economy and stabilize the financial system in particular — these policies increase budget deficits only briefly; they will have no significant impact on the long-term problem of large deficits and rising debt. The deficit for fiscal year 2009 — which began almost four months before President Obama took office — was $1.4 trillion and, at 10 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), marked the largest deficit relative to the economy since the end of World War II. Annual deficits in 2010 through 2012, while slightly lower, each topped $1 trillion. If current policies remain in place, deficits are expected to range between $600 billion and $900 billion for the rest of this decade, reaching a low around 2015 before climbing again. Although longer-term pressures on spending stem chiefly from an aging population and rising health-care costs, those pressures are not new. Policymakers knew about them when they enacted the Bush-era tax cuts and assented to fighting two wars on borrowed money. ( These pressures also were taken into account in the Congressional Budget Office projections issued at the start of 2001, which showed budget surpluses for the next several decades. ) The goal of reining in long-term deficits and debt would be much easier to achieve if it were not for the policies set in motion during the Bush years. That era’s tax cuts — most of which policymakers extended in this year’s American Taxpayer Relief Act, with President Obama’s support — and the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan will account for almost half of the debt that we will owe, under current policies, by 2019. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1423183#0",
"title": "https://washingtonmonthly.com/magazine/marchapril-2012/obamas-top-50-accomplishments/\nObamaâs Top 50 Accomplishments",
"text": "\"March/April 2012Obama’s Top 50 Accomplishmentsby Paul Glastris, Ryan Cooper, and Siyu Hu Magazine Share Tweet Print Email (Also check out the main article, The Incomplete Greatness of Barack Obama, and the issue’s Editor’s Note .)1. Passed Health Care Reform: After five presidents over a century failed to create universal health insurance, signed the Affordable Care Act (2010). It will cover 32 million uninsured Americans beginning in 2014 and mandates a suite of experimental measures to cut health care cost growth, the number one cause of America’s long-term fiscal problems.2. Passed the Stimulus: Signed $787 billion American Recovery and Reinvestment Act in 2009 to spur economic growth amid greatest recession since the Great Depression. Weeks after stimulus went into effect, unemployment claims began to subside. Twelve months later, the private sector began producing more jobs than it was losing, and it has continued to do so for twenty-three straight months, creating a total of nearly 3.7 million new private-sector jobs.3. Passed Wall Street Reform: Signed the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (2010) to re-regulate the financial sector after its practices caused the Great Recession. The new law tightens capital requirements on large banks and other financial institutions, requires derivatives to be sold on clearinghouses and exchanges, mandates that large banks provide “living wills” to avoid chaotic bankruptcies, limits their ability to trade with customers’ money for their own profit, and creates the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (now headed by Richard Cordray) to crack down on abusive lending products and companies.4. Ended the War in Iraq: Ordered all U. S. military forces out of the country. Last troops left on December 18, 2011.5."
},
{
"docid": "D1146460#0",
"title": "http://www.economist.com/node/21560529\nWhat did Barack Obamaâs stimulus package really achieve?",
"text": "America and the politics of recovery The big promise What did Barack Obama’s stimulus package really achieve? Aug 18th 2012Tweet The New New Deal: The Hidden Story of Change in the Obama Era. By Michael Grunwald. Simon & Schuster; 519 pages; $28. Buy from Amazon.com THE word “boondoggle”, Michael Grunwald points out, was coined back in the days of the original New Deal, to describe “make-work” bits of arts and craft paid for by the government at a price that was out of all proportion to their actual value. In this section The big promise The broken mould Leap of faith Regenerated Beltway drama Take a walk on the wild side Reprints This is not necessarily a bad thing. In times of economic woe, when normal patterns of consumption and investment are frozen, prodigal government spending can sometimes be the only way to break the vicious circle of declining demand and shrinking employment. Value for money, paradoxically, can sometimes be an unaffordable luxury. To sum up John Maynard Keynes, it can even make sense to bury money in bottles, so that miners, and the suppliers of their pickaxes and overalls, and those who sell food and materials to those suppliers can, in turn, benefit from the circulation of money that they dig up. Mr Grunwald’s new book is the story of what was arguably the greatest boondoggle in history and the politics that surrounded it, both before and since."
},
{
"docid": "D1883337#0",
"title": "https://www.thebalance.com/what-was-obama-s-stimulus-package-3305625\nWhat Was Obama's Stimulus Package?",
"text": "\"US Economy Fiscal Policy & Debt What Was Obama's Stimulus Package? Did Obama's Stimulus Plan Work? Share Flip Pin Email•••By Kimberly Amadeo Updated January 01, 2018President Barack Obama outlined the economic stimulus package during his 2008 campaign. Congress approved the $787 billion American Recovery and Reinvestment Act in February 2009. The economic stimulus package ended the Great Recession by spurring consumer spending. It's goal was to save between 900,000 to 2.3 million jobs. Most important, it instilled the confidence needed to boost economic growth. It also aimed to restore trust in the finance industry by limiting bonuses for senior executives in companies that received TARP funds. ( Sources: \"\"Letter to Senator Grassley,\"\" Congressional Budget Office, March 2, 2009. Recovery.gov)How It Worked ARRA had three spending categories."
},
{
"docid": "D658762#0",
"title": "https://www.irs.gov/newsroom/first-time-homebuyer-credit-1\nFirst-Time Homebuyer Credit",
"text": "Overview You may be able to take the first-time homebuyer credit if you were an eligible buyer who purchased a home as your primary residence in 2008, 2009 or 2010. Eligibility varies depending upon the year of your purchase. And there are specific benefits that certain members of the military and certain other federal employees have, such as an additional year to buy a home in the United States, if they otherwise qualified for the credit. This credit reduces your tax bill or increases your refund depending on the tax you owe. The IRS refunds the credit, even if you owe no tax or the credit is more than the tax owed. [ Added 1/4/11]Legislation enacted in July 2010 extended the closing deadline from June 30 to Sept. 30, 2010, for eligible homebuyers. Legislative changes in November 2009 expanded and extended the credit and also added documentation requirements for claiming the credit. Due to increased compliance checks by the IRS, failure to submit documentation will slow down the issuance of any applicable refund. Repaying the Credit and Understanding your IRS Notice You purchased your home in 2008In the fall of 2010 or the first year after you claim the credit, you may have received a Notice CP03A, Repaying your First-Time Homebuyer Credit. This notice listed the amount of the credit you received and the amount you have to repay as additional tax."
},
{
"docid": "D1430403#0",
"title": "https://corepointhealth.com/resource-center/healthcare-interoperability-glossary\nGlossary",
"text": "Glossary This vocabulary holds the terms and definitions that will be in the reference glossary. Find definitions for healthcare interfacing, HL7 and interoperability terminology. Visit the HL7 Resources section for more detailed information on the HL7 Standard. If you do not find a definition you are searching for that is related to healthcare interoperability, please email us at [email protected]. We welcome your suggestions and ideas.a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z Click one of the letters above to advance the page to terms beginning with that letter. AACOAn Accountable Care Organization ( ACO ), according to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) “is an organization of health care providers that agrees to be accountable for the quality, cost, and overall care of Medicare beneficiaries who are enrolled in the traditional fee-for-service program who are assigned to it.” Under the health care reform legislation passed in March 2010, the Medicare program is authorized to contract with ACOs. Synonyms: Accountable Care Organization Argonaut Project The Argonaut Project addresses the recommendations of the JASON Task Force, a joint task force of the ONC ‘s HIT Standards and Policy Committees and is a joint project between HL7 International and several vendor and provider organizations. The purpose of the Argonaut Project is to develop a first-generation API and Core Data Services specification to enable expanded information sharing for electronic health records, documents, and other health information based on the FHIR specification. ARRAAmerican Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 ( ARRA) is an economic stimulus package enacted by the 111th United States Congress in February 2009 to provide a stimulus to the U. S. economy in the wake of the economic downturn."
},
{
"docid": "D1464596#0",
"title": "https://www.downsizinggovernment.org/hud/housing-finance-2008-financial-crisis\nHousing Finance and the 2008 Financial Crisis",
"text": "\"Housing Finance and the 2008 Financial Crisis Lawrence H. White August 1, 2009The financial crisis and recession of 2008 and 2009 were serious blows to the U. S. economy, so it is important to step back and understand what caused them. While some people have pointed to financial deregulation and private-sector greed as the sources of the problems, it was actually misguided monetary and housing policies that were the main causes of the crisis. The expansion in risky mortgages to underqualified borrowers was encouraged by the federal government. The growth of \"\"creative\"\" nonprime lending followed Congress's strengthening of the Community Reinvestment Act, the Federal Housing Administration's loosening of down-payment standards, and the Department of Housing and Urban Development's pressuring of lenders to extend mortgages to borrowers who previously would not have qualified. Meanwhile, the government-supported mortgage lenders, Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, grew to own or guarantee about half of the United States' $12 trillion mortgage market. Congressional leaders pointedly refused to moderate the distortions created by the government's implicit guarantee that the firms would not be allowed to fail, which was the catalyst for their rapid expansion. Instead, Congress pushed them to promote \"\"affordable housing\"\" through expanded purchases of nonprime loans to low-income applicants. The credit that fueled these risky mortgages was provided by the cheap money policy of the Federal Reserve. Following the 2001 recession, Fed chairman Alan Greenspan slashed the federal funds rate from 6.25 to 1.75 percent. It was reduced further in 2002 and 2003, reaching a record low of 1 percent in mid-2003—where it stayed for a year."
},
{
"docid": "D2612473#0",
"title": "http://mhcc.maryland.gov/mhcc/pages/hit/hit_hipaa/hit_hipaa.aspx\n.",
"text": "Health Information Technology HIPAAHealth Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)HIPAA Privacy and Security The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) provides provisions on the disclosure and use of an individual's health information. The Maryland Health Care Commission (MHCC) provides resources to assist the health care industry in complying with the HIPAA rules for privacy and security. Users of this information are encouraged to implement the HIPAA privacy and security standards in a manner that is reasonable and consistent with their organizational structure. HIPAA protects the confidentiality of a person’s identifiable health information via electronic media. This regulation: Gives patients control over the use of their health information;Defines the boundaries for the use and disclosure of health records by covered entities, which can include a health plan, healthcare clearinghouse, and a healthcare provider;Establishes standards that healthcare providers must comply with;Limits the use of personal health information (PHI) and minimizes the chances of inappropriate disclosure;Makes provisions for investigating compliance-related issues and holds violators accountable with civil or criminal penalties for violating the privacy of an individual PHI; and Supports the cause of disclosing PHI without individual consent for individual healthcare needs, public benefit, and national interests. Resources The MHCC has developed the following documents that provide guidance in understanding and implementing HIPAA: Key HITECH Changes to HIPAAThe Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH or Act) was passed by the federal government under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. HITECH represents a historic investment in health information technology to improve the quality of health care delivery and patient care. HITECH made changes to HIPAA, particularly with regards to strengthening the privacy and security of PHI)and increasing the penalties for violations of HIPAA. This chart summarizes key modifications to HIPAA by HITECH, which began to take effect in 2010. State versus Federal Comparison: HIPAA Privacy Statute & Regulation This document compares the similarities and differences in regulations addressing privacy of health care information between the Maryland Confidentiality Of Medical Records Act (MCRMA) and HIPAA."
},
{
"docid": "D20126#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100509183641AABs0oZ\nHerbert Hoover and the Great Depression?",
"text": "\"Arts & Humanities History Herbert Hoover and the Great Depression? How well does Herbert Hoover handle the Great Depression? Is the depression his fault? Please help! Thanks so much!Follow 6 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Herbert Hoover tried to fix the Great Depression, although he was a little too late. Some of the projects he tried was the Boulder Dam, which was designed to jump-start the economy and add jobs. He wanted to reform banking to provide mortgage relief, and funnel more federal money into business investment. Congress passed the Federal Home Loan Bank Act, which lowered mortgage rates for homeowners and allowed farmers to refinace their farm loans and avoid foreclosure. Hoover's most ambitious economic measure was Reconstruction Finance Corporation, authorizing to provde emergency financing to banks, life insurance companies, railroads and other large businesses. Though Franklin Delano Roosevelt indeed in fact create the New Deal, helping 6 million people become employeed, he did not \"\"fix\"\" the Great Depression."
},
{
"docid": "D1236107#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_Reinvestment_Act\nCommunity Reinvestment Act",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Not to be confused with a community redevelopment agency, also called by the acronym \"\"CRA\"\". Community Reinvestment Act Other short titles Indian and Alaska Native Community Development Act Long title An Act to amend certain Federal laws pertaining to community development, housing, and related programs. Nicknames Housing and Community Development Act of 1977Enacted by the 95th United States Congress Effective October 12, 1977Citations Public law 95-128Statutes at Large 91 Stat. 1111Codification Titles amended 42 U. S. C.: Public Health and Social Welfare U. S. C. sections amended 42 U. S. C. ch. 69 § 5301Legislative history Introduced in the House as H. R. 6655 by Henry S. Reuss ( D – WI) on April 26, 1977Committee consideration by House Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs, Senate Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Passed the House on May 11, 1977 ( 369-20)Passed the Senate on June 7, 1977 ( 79-7, in lieu of S. 1523)Reported by the joint conference committee on September 26, 1977; agreed to by the Senate on October 1, 1977 ( 54-19) and by the House on October 4, 1977 ( 384-26)Signed into law by President Jimmy Carter on October 12, 1977The Community Reinvestment Act ( CRA, P. L. 95-128, 91 Stat. 1147, title VIII of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1977, 12 U. S. C. § 2901 et seq.) is a United States federal law designed to encourage commercial banks and savings associations to help meet the needs of borrowers in all segments of their communities, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. [ 1] [2] [3] Congress passed the Act in 1977 to reduce discriminatory credit practices against low-income neighborhoods, a practice known as redlining. [ 4] [5]The Act instructs the appropriate federal financial supervisory agencies to encourage regulated financial institutions to help meet the credit needs of the local communities in which they are chartered, consistent with safe and sound operation ( Section 802.) To enforce the statute, federal regulatory agencies examine banking institutions for CRA compliance, and take this information into consideration when approving applications for new bank branches or for mergers or acquisitions ( Section 804.) ["
},
{
"docid": "D264030#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/12102643/hipaa-practice-exam-flash-cards/\nHIPAA Practice Exam",
"text": "\"33 terms LLB52HIPAA Practice Exam Question to assist in preparation for HIPPA certification Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort When did HIPAA Become law? August 21, 1996What does the acronym HIPAA mean? Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996. What are other names for HIPAA? 1) Public Law 104-194 (H. R. 3103) 2) The Kennedy Kassebaum Bill Why was HIPAA passed? a. Improve portability and continuity of health insurance coverage. b. Combat waste, fraud, and abuse in health insurance and health care delivery c. Promote the use of medical savings accounts d. Improve access to long term health care coverage e. Simplify the administration of health insurance Which Title is \"\"The Heart of HIPPA legislation?\"\" Title II Administrative Simplification What is the purpose of HIPAA?"
}
] |
619847
|
what did the ancient greek live in
|
[
{
"docid": "D1021382#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_did_the_ancient_Greeks_live\nWhere did the ancient Greeks live?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History Ancient History Ancient Greece Where did the ancient Greeks live? Flag Where did the ancient Greeks live? Answer by Blueberry Troll Confidence votes 109The ancient Greeks lived in Greece. The normal house was a courtyard with rooms around it. Most Greeks lived near the Eastern Mediterranean sea and in southern Europe. Some citys they lived in are Athens, Sparta, and Crete. They inspired many cultures from their beliefs.4 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Nevwik 75,001 Contributions When did the ancient Greeks live? Greek peoples, cousins of the Italian peoples, moved into eastern Europe in the early second millennium BCE and spread progressively around the Mediterranean, Adriatic, Aegean …When did the ancient greek people live? In the BC'SWhere did ancient greek live?in ancient greece Nevwik 75,001 Contributions What did an ancient Greek citizen do for a living?"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1928390#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_did_Artemis_the_Greek_god_live\nWhere did Artemis the Greek god live?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Literature & Language Books and Literature Mythology Greek and Roman Mythologies Artemis (Diana) Where did Artemis the Greek god live? Flag Where did Artemis the Greek god live? Answer by Eharrison2199 Confidence votes 24Artemis was a goddess so she lived on Mount Olympus. She also traveled and hunted all over mountains and forests with her fellow huntresses. She was a goddess not a god! It is an insult to call a goddess a god! ! 6 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No What is the symbol for the greek God Artemis? The symbol for the Greek goddess Artemis is the bow and pike. Artemis was the daughter of Zeus."
},
{
"docid": "D1870811#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/history/parthenon-located-5e1794fa1b6b5c8f\nWhere Is the Parthenon Located?",
"text": "\"History Ancient History Ancient Greece Q: Where Is the Parthenon Located? A: Quick Answer The Parthenon is located on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece. The Acropolis is home to several buildings and temples which have survived since the days of ancient Greece. Continue Reading Keep Learning When Was the Parthenon Built? What Is the Parthenon Made Out Of? Why Was the Parthenon Built? Credit: Zephyr Picture Photolibrary Getty Images Full Answer The Athenian Acropolis is a hill overlooking the city, and it once served as the religious and financial center of ancient Athens. Besides the Parthenon, some of the buildings that have survived to modern times are Athena Nike (an Ionic temple built during the Peloponnesian War), the Propylaea and the Erechtheion. The ancient Greeks built the Parthenon after another temple, which archeologists today call the \"\"Pre-Parthenon,\"\" was destroyed by Persians in 480 BC. The Greeks began construction on the current Parthenon in 447 BC."
},
{
"docid": "D999233#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/23468906/world-history-flash-cards/\nWorld History",
"text": "40 terms pandabear500World History Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Identify different types of maps. Political, Physical, Special Purposes: climate, language How did the unique geography of ancient Greece affect the two cultures living in the same area? It separated them so much that they thought of themselves as separate countries, with it's own way of life it thought was the best. And for most of history the Greeks fought among themselves so much that most people didn't realize they spoke the same language and worshiped the same gods. How do we know about the past? Historical records and archaeologists can tell us about the past How does geography influence settlement? Geography influences settlements because things like weather patterns, water supply and landscaping influence the peoples lives. What is the relationship between geography and the way people live? Geography affects the way people live because they depend on the seasonal weather to get their nutrients such as food and water. Explain the differences between paleolithic, mesolithic, and neolithic humans."
},
{
"docid": "D345785#0",
"title": "https://greekgeo.wordpress.com/2013/06/\nThe Greekâs Swansongâ¦",
"text": "Archive for the month “June, 2013”22 Jun 2013The Greek’s Swansong…The Greek’s Swansong… Starting by Socrates and the Greek symbol for the ultimate and most beautiful art! “ Swansong” is experiencing the last chance for an artist to show the world that he was chosen by the gods…Posted in Uncategorized | Leave a comment19 Jun 2013Two Shepherds“Two Shepherds”55x45cm Posted in Uncategorized | Leave a comment18 Jun 2013Homosexuality In Ancient Times And Current Naked Wrestling“Naked Wrestling”80x55cm There is a strange parallel between the Ancient Time Art representing homosexuality acts and the various representation of naked wrestling today“Two Shepherds”55x45cm Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 0:00Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 0:00Posted in Uncategorized | Leave a comment18 Jun 2013http://outsmartmagazine.com/2013/06/an-overview-of-gay-punishments/Athens, March 2010: Have you ever read the novels of Mary Renault? The ones dealing with gay couples in ancient Greece, beginning with The Last of the Wine (1956) and ending with Funeral Games (1981)? These romances (now out of print, but search for copies on Arbery Books) were almost compulsory reading for gay men of a literary bent in the 1960s and 1970s. The idea of a man courting a pubescent youth is not unique to Athens and Sparta – it comes up in mediaeval Japan, the Arab empire, parts of Africa and many other cultures at different times in human history – but it is the Hellenic ideal that most Westerners are familiar with. Indeed, it was so ingrained in our psyche that in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries many gay men referred to “Greek love” in an attempt to legitimise their sexuality. Scores of popular and scholarly books covered the topic from every angle, but for the first time an exhibition (ending 11 April 2010) in the Greek capital has recognised the importance of sex between men and youths in classical Greece. Eros: from Hesiod’s Theogony to Late Antiquity at the Museum of Cyladic Art looks at both the idea of the god of sexual desire and at the different ways in which sex was expressed."
},
{
"docid": "D1403526#0",
"title": "https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/medicine/ancient-greek-medicine.php\nWhat Is Ancient Greek Medicine?",
"text": "\"Newsletter MNT - Hourly Medical News Since 2003Search Log in Newsletter MNT - Hourly Medical News Since 2003Search Login What Is Ancient Greek Medicine? By The MNT Editorial Team Last updated Tue 5 January 2016What Is Medicine? Prehistoric Medicine Ancient Egyptian Medicine Ancient Greek Medicine Ancient Roman Medicine Medieval Islamic Medicine Medieval & Renaissance Medicine Modern Medicine As the Egyptian civilization faded, the Greek one emerged around 700 BC. The Greek civilization prevailed until \"\"the end of antiquity\"\" around 600 AD. The Greeks were great philosophers and their physicians lent more towards rational thinking when dealing with medicine, compared to the Egyptians. Ancient Greek medicine is probably the basis of modern scientific medicine. The first schools to develop in Greece were in Sicilly and Calabria, in what today is Italy. The most famous and influential being the Pythagorean school. Pythagoras, the great mathematician, brought his theory of numbers into the natural sciences - at that time medicine was not yet a definable subject. Followers of Pythagoras, Pythagoreans, believed that numbers had precise meanings, especially the numbers 4 and 7."
},
{
"docid": "D21010#0",
"title": "https://vernerable.wordpress.com/archaeology/dark-age-of-greece/\nDark Age of Greece",
"text": "Dark Age of Greece By Vern Crisler Copyright 2005Rough Draft1. Was There A Gap in Greek History? The answer would appear to be yes, given that such authorities as V. Desborough or A. M. Snodgrass adopt titles for their books such as The Greek Dark Ages, or The Dark Age of Greece, respectively. Some scholars deny that the so-called Greek dark age was really all that dark, but most would regard it as a long gap in Greek history. Gilbert Murray’s views are representative:“… [T]here lies between the prehistoric palaces of Crete, Troy, or Mycenae, and the civilization which we know as Greek, a Dark Age covering at least several centuries. It is in this Dark Age that we must really look for the beginnings of Greece. In literature and in archaeology alike we are met with the same gap. There is a far-off island of knowledge, or apparent knowledge; then darkness; then the beginnings of continuous history.” ( The Rise of the Greek Epic, p. 27. ) Academic scholars who deny the existence of this “gap” often point to signs of continuity between the earlier Mycenaean culture and the later Archaic culture, and wonder how such continuity could be possible if the Greek “dark ages” were all that dark."
},
{
"docid": "D677986#0",
"title": "http://www.ancientgreece.com/s/Life/\nAncient Greek Everyday Life",
"text": "Ancient Greek Everyday Life Men if they were not training in military, or discussing politics went to the Theatre for entertainment. To watch dramas that they could relate to, including tragedies and comedies. These often involved current politics and gods in some form. It is thought that women were not allowed to watch theatre or perform at the theatre, although male actors did play women roles. Lives of Women in Ancient Greece were closely tied to domestic work, spinning, weaving and other domestic duties. They were not involved in public life or in politics. The live were normally quite confined to the house although one public duty was acting as a priestess at a temple. Children in ancient Greece usually occupied their time playing with toys and games. Farming and Food The majority of Ancient Greek people made their living from farming. Citizens often had land outside the city which provided their income."
},
{
"docid": "D3542510#0",
"title": "http://flash.yorktech.com/HIS/Supplement1/Supplement1_print.html\nHIS101 Early Western Civilization to 1689",
"text": "\"HIS101 Early Western Civilization to 1689 Supplement 1HIS101 Early Western Civilization to 1689Mesopotamia The Fertile Crescent Civilization developed slowly in different parts of the world. People began to settle in areas with abundant natural resources. A section of the Middle East is called the Fertile Crescent. The Fertile Crescent is a rich food-growing area in a part of the world where most of the land is too dry for farming. The Fertile Crescent is a boomerang shaped region that extends from the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. Some of the best farmland of the Fertile Crescent is on a narrow strip of land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The Greeks later called this area Mesopotamia, which means \"\"between the rivers.\"\" Many different civilizations developed in this small region. First came the Sumerians, who were replaced in turn by the Assyrians and the Babylonians. Today this land is known as Iraq."
},
{
"docid": "D899371#0",
"title": "http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/bodysphere/features/5267698\nWere the ancient Greeks and Romans colour blind?",
"text": "\"Were the ancient Greeks and Romans colour blind? Wednesday 19 February 2014 11:50AMAmanda Smith Image: Did the ancients appreciate colour less than we do? ( Scott Barbour, Getty Images)Homer left historians with the impression that the ancient Greeks and Romans had an underdeveloped appreciation of colour. The ancients, in fact, were a shade more sophisticated than that and understood colour in a completely different way to us, argues Mark Bradley. Follow ABCRadio National Seeing colours as the ancient Greeks did Share2.6KCookie policy People in ancient cultures saw colour in an altogether different way from you and me. The most famously perplexing description of colour in the ancient Mediterranean world is the 'wine-dark sea' in The Iliad and The Odyssey. Have you ever looked at the sea and thought that it was the colour of claret? One of the first people to argue that the ancient Greeks had an under-developed colour sense was a 19th century British prime minister. As well as being a politician, William Gladstone was a classics scholar and in his spare time did a study of colour usage in early Greek literature. Gladstone noted that Homer actually uses very few colour terms, that black and white predominate, and that he uses the same colours to describe objects which look quite different."
},
{
"docid": "D1262803#0",
"title": "http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/ancient-rome/medicine-in-ancient-rome/\nMedicine in Ancient Rome",
"text": "\"Medicine in Ancient Rome Citation: C N Trueman \"\"Medicine in Ancient Rome\"\" historylearningsite.co.uk. The History Learning Site, 16 Mar 2015. 11 Apr 2018. The Ancient Romans, like the Ancient Greeks and Ancient Egyptians, made a huge input into medicine and health. The Romans input was mainly concerned with public health schemes. Though the Roman ‘discoveries’ may not have been in the field of pure medicine, poor hygiene by people was a constant source of disease, so any improvement in public health was to have a major impact on society. The Romans learned a great deal from the Ancient Greeks. They first came into contact with the Greeks in about 500 B. C. By 146 B. C. part of Greece had become a province of the Roman Empire and by 27 B. C. the Romans were in control not only of Greece but of Greek-speaking lands around the Mediterranean. They used the ideas of the Greeks but they did not simply copy them. Greek ideas that they found impractical were ignored."
},
{
"docid": "D1984359#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Greek_tyrants_were\nGreek tyrants were?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Literature & Language Books and Literature Mythology Greek and Roman Mythologies Greek tyrants were? Flag Greek tyrants were? Answer by Doc JJA03 Confidence votes 10Greek tyrants were not all that bad sometimes, because way back then, a tyrant was chosen to help in a place's time of need, and then give up their power. This contradicts the way people think of tyrants today, usually as a cruel, power-hungry person, but, then, we're talking about hundreds of years ago. Greek Tyrants, generally the 1st generation tyrants, were good people. They chose to favor the poor (Kakoi) and provide work for the poor and seize land from the weathly (Agathoi). During these times (around 650bc) the oligarchy generally favored the rich. If you were part of the Kakoi you were seen as morally \"\"bad\"\" and vice versa for the Agathoi. Tyrant Periander, son of Cypselus, for example, built a stone trackway all the way across the Isthmus of Corinth to increase trade and utilized the work of the poor. Tyrants (1st generation) were great with building and growing economies."
},
{
"docid": "D1928391#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/art-literature/did-artemis-live-51684ccbc1ec893a\nWhere did Artemis live?",
"text": "\"Art & Literature Folklore Mythology Q: Where did Artemis live? A: Quick Answer In the Ancient Greek myths, Artemis is an adolescent to post-adolescent huntress most often found wandering through the forests and wilderness, dancing in groves or hunting in shadowy mountains. She was also associated with the moon, though she is not said to have been the moon, necessarily. Continue Reading Keep Learning Who was Artemis married to? Who is Artemis? What are Artemis' powers and responsibilities? Full Answer Artemis is the Ancient Greek goddess of wildlife, the hunt, archery and, sometimes, the moon. She delights in the hunt and being amongst the wild things of the world, who she also protects. It wasn't until slightly later in the Greek mythic tradition that her association with the moon, who was known as Selene, began. Artemis is a virgin goddess who cherishes her freedom, refusing to be tamed or married."
},
{
"docid": "D2275028#0",
"title": "http://egyptology.blogspot.com/2005/06/ancient-egyptian-ethnicity.html\n.",
"text": "\"Ancient Egyptian Ethnicityhttp://www.thuglifearmy.com/news/?id=1475An article raising the subject of the ethnicity of the Ancient Egyptians, and supporting the view that they were of black African origins and culture. It claims that beginning with Napoleon, the true ethnicity of Ancient Egyptians has been disguised by western opinion. A fairly forceful and opinionated article, as you might expect from the domain name in the URL for this item. Posted by Andie at 8:53 am54 comments: Anonymous said...hi i think that while were sitting here arguing about what they were ,the egyptians, had they been alive today to see this they would've simoply said they combined both elements, or all three. because that's exactly what they were in ethnic terms a sort of triracial mulatoe.5:07 pm Anonymous said...yeah! hey what's up, i think the egyptians would have been laughing out loud to see this argument take place, for to them race was not much an issue. although they probably would aknowledge that black blood was in them, they would'nt use it to capitalise on it, the one drop rule was no where in existence at the time. i think even those egyptians that were black did not let it get in the way of them being part of that civilization.5:14 pm Anonymous said... This argument is easy to dismiss for those who reisde in the culture of power and unknowingly receive undue benefits and privileges simply because of the color of their skin. However for those who have grown up in a racist society, been brain-washed and discriminated against, it is a very important issue and needs to be recognized. You're right, Egyptians did not have to make such distinctions because they were in power and had not suffered the eradication of their history, identity and worth."
},
{
"docid": "D2740864#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_did_geography_impact_the_Greek_civilization\nHow did geography impact the Greek civilization?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Cars & Vehicles Car Selling How did geography impact the Greek civilization? Flag How did geography impact the Greek civilization? Answer by Iceboy3546 Confidence votes 784Distance between city-states, clothing, trade, and democracy were amongst some of things that were influenced by the geography of Ancient Greece. The Greek lived in a Mediterranean climate. Winters were mild and wet, and they were able to grow grapes and olives. Summers were warm and dry. Grapes and olives were one of the few plants that could survive droughts. Mountains cover Seventy-five percent of Greece. The land was difficult to cultivate and the sea surrounded Greece. This made trade extremely easy because the Greeks could get what they could not grow."
},
{
"docid": "D647986#0",
"title": "http://www.bbc.co.uk/guides/zc8yb9q\nWhat was it like to live in an ancient Greek family?",
"text": "Bitesize What was it like to live in an ancient Greek family? Let's go What was ancient Greece like? Part of KS2 History Ancient Greece had a warm, dry climate, as Greece does today. Most people lived by farming, fishing and trade. Others were soldiers, scholars, scientists and artists. Greek cities had beautiful temples with stone columns and statues, and open-air theatres where people sat to watch plays. Most people lived in villages or in the countryside. Many Greeks were poor and life was hard, because farmland, water and timber for building were scarce. That's why many Greeks sailed off to find new lands to settle. What were Greek homes like?"
},
{
"docid": "D668889#0",
"title": "http://chnm.gmu.edu/courses/westernciv/video/ffolliott1.html\n.",
"text": "HIST 100: Part 5The Renaissance Prof. Sheila ffolliott Introduction The period in Western civilization that is called the Renaissance (ca. 1350-1550) was one in which some people believed that they were living in a new age, different from (and better than) what they called the Middle Ages: that millennium, from about 350 to 1350, that separated them from the ancient world. Some also viewed it as a time of recovery, both from the Black Death and the social upheavals that had characterized the 14th century, and a “rebirth” (for that is the meaning of Renaissance) of the ancient Greco-Roman culture that they drew upon. The term “Renaissance” probably resonates most powerfully for us because of its cultural achievements in the visual arts and literature. Hello, I am Professor Sheila ffolliott and I do research and teach courses in art history of the Renaissance. Today, I shall discuss some of the people, events, and achievements of the Renaissance and consider if it was really more a historical period or an idea. Before we proceed, let me make a quick change of costume. You may wonder why I’m wearing my academic robes. They are adapted from what scholars wore in the Middle Ages."
},
{
"docid": "D155427#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_advantages_and_disadvantages_does_the_geography_pose_for_the_ancient_greece_people\nWhat advantages and disadvantages does the geography pose for the ancient Greece people?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History Ancient History Ancient Greece What advantages and disadvantages does the geography pose for the ancient Greece people? Flag What advantages and disadvantages does the geography pose for the ancient Greece people? Answer by Cartoon Lover Confidence votes 73An advantage of the geography in Greece, is mainly climate. The climate has very high temperatures, so as to make the Greeks very much outdoors men. In fact, because of the temperature most of their town meetings and holidays were celebrated outdoors. Another advantage would be that the Greeks were VERY close to sea, so therefor it was easier to grow crops, and have transport. That is why they are actually really famous for ship building. Some disadvantages is that the Greece geography is mostly mountainous and has lots of hills. This therefor made the land for growing crops scarce. These are some advantages and disadvantages of the geography."
},
{
"docid": "D1262808#0",
"title": "http://www.open.edu/openlearn/body-mind/medicine-ancient-greece-and-rome\nMedicine in ancient Greece and Rome",
"text": "Medicine in ancient Greece and Rome Updated Saturday 1st January 2005The ‘Hippocratic’ four humours, Roman hygiene, the first hospitals and home remedies. The second in our articles on ancient medicine describes practices in Greek and Roman medicine. The Greeks combined dietetics, medicines, surgery and regulating the whole life-style in their treatment of ailments. Diet, or regimen – in the broad sense of the whole lifestyle – was the first resort. Individuals were advised on how to live in order to remain healthy. Training for the army and athletic competition (such as the Olympics) similarly focused on regulation of food and drink, exercise, bathing and massage. In line with this ‘prevention is better than cure’ approach, On the Nature of Man, one of over 70 texts attributed to Hippocrates, suggested that there were four humours. These must stay in balance if the person is to be healthy, and they are affected not only by the person’s lifestyle but also by external factors such as the seasons, the climate and the place where someone lives. Surgery remained the last resort, but surgical skills were developed on the battlefield and, by the great doctor Galen, in the gladiatorial arena. Between lifestyle and surgery lay a huge range of medicines made mostly from plant substances."
},
{
"docid": "D484667#0",
"title": "https://newrepublic.com/article/112861/birth-political-rhetoric-ancient-democracy\nThe Trouble With Speeches",
"text": "\"\"\"Phryne Goes to the Baths as Venus, Demosthenes Taunted by Aeschines.\"\" J. M. W. Turner via Wikimedia Commons The Trouble With Speeches The Birth of Political Rhetoric in an Ancient Democracy By Emily Wilson April 27, 2013Greece has had a troubled history since the start of the debt crisis in 2009. The people of the country, quite understandably, feel resentful at having to defer to the bureaucratic power of the European Union: it represents an undignified loss of their autonomy and freedom. The current troubles have re-opened old, even ancient wounds. Greece—located on the eastern fringe of modern Europe—prides itself on being the “cradle of Western civilization,” the birthplace not only of many of our most important literary and artistic and scientific concepts (tragedy, comedy, history, philosophy, classical sculpture and architecture, mathematics, medicine, botany, and so on), but also of the political structure associated by most Westerners with individual liberty. Fifth-century Athens was one of the world’s first democratic societies. But the ancient Greeks, like their modern counterparts, experienced constant threats to the freedom that they saw as the primary component of their civilization. Ancient Athens was democratic in a very different sense from modern democratic societies, like those of a contemporary European nation, or the United Kingdom, or the United States. In some ways, it involved far more active involvement by the citizens in the process of government: important decisions (such as whether to go to war or not) were made by the direct vote of all the citizens, not by elected representatives. Citizens actually did show up regularly to vote (in contrast to the United States, where it is common for half the electorate, usually the poorer half, not to attend the polling stations)."
},
{
"docid": "D1170101#0",
"title": "https://softchalk.com/lessonchallenge09/lesson/greek/l2_print.html\nComparing and Contrasting: The Ancient Greeks and You",
"text": "\"Growing Up Heroic: Adventures in Greek Mythology Lesson Two: Home and Community: Ancient Greece and You Comparing and Contrasting: The Ancient Greeks and You Who, Me? What does ancient Greece have to do with me, you ask? Heaps. First, when we learn about other cultures, we learn about ourselves. Second, our society is greatly influenced by ancient Greece, Athens in particular. Our theatre, politics, and educational theories are all descendents of the Athenian systems. If you've always thought that the way you do things is the way everyone has always done them, you're in for a surprise, because they didn't. At the same time, you might also be surprised that people who lived 2,500 years ago are a lot like you. In the last lesson, you learned about good stories. Well, here's another one."
}
] |
619848
|
what did the ancient greek use for technology alot
|
[
{
"docid": "D466599#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek_technology\nAncient Greek technology",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search The watermill, the first machine harnessing natural forces (apart from the sail) and as such holding a special place in the history of technology, [1] was invented by Greek engineers sometime between the 3rd and 1st centuries BC. [ 1] [2] [3] [4] Here a Roman gristmill as described by Vitruvius. Ancient Greek technology developed during the 5th century BC, continuing up to and including the Roman period, and beyond. Inventions that are credited to the ancient Greeks include the gear, screw, rotary mills, bronze casting techniques, water clock, water organ, torsion catapult, the use of steam to operate some experimental machines and toys, and a chart to find prime numbers. Many of these inventions occurred late in the Greek period, often inspired by the need to improve weapons and tactics in war. However, peaceful uses are shown by their early development of the watermill, a device which pointed to further exploitation on a large scale under the Romans. They developed surveying and mathematics to an advanced state, and many of their technical advances were published by philosophers, like Archimedes and Heron. Contents [ hide ]1 Water technology2 Mining3 Inventions4 See also5 References6 Further reading7 External links Water technology [ edit]Some fields that were encompassed in the area of water resources (mainly for urban use) included groundwater exploitation, construction of aqueducts for water supply, stormwater and wastewater sewerage systems, flood protection and drainage, construction and use of fountains, baths and other sanitary and purgatory facilities, and even recreational uses of water. [ 5]Mining [ edit]The Greeks developed extensive silver mines at Laurium, the profits from which helped support the growth of Athens as a city-state. It involved mining the ore in underground galleries, washing it and smelting it to produce the metal."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D212467#0",
"title": "http://www.open.edu/openlearn/whats-on/ou-on-the-bbc-what-the-ancients-did-us-the-egyptians\nWhat The Ancients Did For Us - The Egyptians",
"text": "What The Ancients Did For Us - The Egyptians Updated Wednesday 12th January 2005Find out more about The Ancient Egyptians programme, part of the BBC/OU's 'What the Ancients Did for Us' TV series Egypt became a unified country five thousand years ago and - until the arrival of Alexander the Great in 332 BC - remained a fiercely independent land with its own very distinctive art, religion and culture. Egypt was the superpower of its day and her kings were treated as demigods throughout the Mediterranean world – but what did they do for us? It goes without saying they gave us mummies and mummification, and one of the great wonders of the ancient world – the pyramids. On a more practical level they invented the sewn plank boat, a method of boat construction using wooden pegs and fibre rope - no nails. Huge boats were built using this technique, the most famous one belonging to King Khufu, the builder of the great pyramid in 2500 BC. The recent discovery of a Bronze Age boat in Britain reveals that this method of construction had found its way here and could have influenced our own boat builders. Trying to control the flood water of the Nile, the Egyptians built the first dam, a huge undertaking which unfortunately didn't survive a severe flash flood. Technology and tool-making are high up on the list of Egyptian inventiveness. To speed up the smelting of bronze they invented the foot bellows and devised the multiple headed drill – a drill that could cut through at least three beads at the same time. As a spin-off from their bead and jewellery making, the Egyptians came up with faience, an attractive glazing material made from quartzite; they quickly put it to use for pottery and tile making."
},
{
"docid": "D2142520#0",
"title": "http://patentednews.com/innovations/mayan-inventions/\nMayan Inventions",
"text": "Categories : Innovations Interesting Mayan Inventions Science Discovery Technology Tweet Last Updated Thursday, June 20, 2013Amazing architecture of a Mayan Temple The Mayans were one of the major civilizations (along with the Aztecs) originating in Central America around 1500 BC. They were an isolated civilization in that they had no contact with the other early people in China or the Middle East. Mayan inventions include a calander and a complex heiroglyphics system. While it cannot be said that they were the sole inventors of such advancements, they did invent them independently in the Western Hemisphere, and their calendar and wrintings differed from that of the Egyptions and Chinese. Mayan Calendar The Mayan Calendar was developed a long time ago. The Mayans developed a sophistocated calendar that could track the exact day of the week of any date thousands years into the future. Mayan Art While not strictly an invention per se, Mayan art is widely considered to be some of the most beautiful created in the ancient world. The jade pictured can be seen to be inscribed with very specific details. Mathematics Also interesting is that the Mayans independently developed a concept of zero in their numbering system by 36BC. While not generally considered a civilization known for their mathematics, they did nonetheless have an advanced grasp of it."
},
{
"docid": "D3514591#0",
"title": "http://www.messagetoeagle.com/10-remarkable-similarities-between-ancient-civilizations-that-offer-proof-of-universal-prehistoric-knowledge/\n10 Remarkable Similarities Between Ancient Civilizations",
"text": "10 Remarkable Similarities Between Ancient Civilizations Message To Eagle | August 26, 2015 | Top Lists Share this: Message To Eagle.com – There are many reasons why ancient history should be re-written. In this top list we display ten remarkable similarities that clearly offer proof prehistoric civilizations shared a universal scientific and technological knowledge. Mystery Of Ancient Metal Clamps – Advanced Lost Technology Modern Science Still Cannot Explain Ancient metal clamps discovered on megaliths, temples and other prehistoric monuments worldwide are one of the greatest unsolved ancient mysteries of all time. Why would the builders use or need a small metal clamp to hold large stone blocks in place? How did this technology spread to ancient Egypt, Pre-Columbian Peru and Cambodia thousands of years ago? These countries are separated by thousands of miles. Who taught our ancestors how to use this technology? The use of metal clamps in T-Grooves has been discovered in Tiahuanaco, Ollantaytambo, Koricancha and the site of Yuroc Rumi, Vilcabamba. These clamps were also used on the Parthenon, on buildings in Mesopotamia, Egypt and Cambodia. Some scientists have suggested the clamps were for ceremonial use."
},
{
"docid": "D2280795#0",
"title": "http://www.home-remedies-for-you.com/facts/greek-medicines.html\n.",
"text": "\"The Roman goddess Venus is actually an example of Hellenization of the Greek goddess Aphrodite. Venus was considered to be the goddess of love and the term ‘venereal' disease was used as a euphuism for an STD. The Herpes virus is known to have been present in ancient Greek and in fact one such case has been described by Hippocrates. The name herpes is the Greek word for \"\"to creep or crawl\"\" which refers to the spread of skin lesions. One of the first recoded experimental treatments of herpes required the burning or cauterizing of skin lesions with a hot iron. Venereal disease was also known as Cupid's itch in reference to the Roman god Cupid. Introduction:“Whatever houses I may visit, I will come for the benefit of the sick.” This is part of the Hippocratic Oath that every physician across the world takes– a solemn vow to help and treat the ill. Few of us realize that this Hippocratic Oath has its roots in ancient Greek and is named after Hippocrates, who it is believed, wrote these original guidelines for doctors. Introduction To List Of Diseases The ancient Greeks were medically proficient and were able to identify and name several diseases."
},
{
"docid": "D2777186#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_put_medicine_under_your_tongue\nWhy put medicine under your tongue?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Health Medication and Drugs Why put medicine under your tongue? Flag Why put medicine under your tongue? Answer by Khudukha Confidence votes 2.8KCertain medicines, like Angina tablets for example, can be put under the tongue for rapid uptake. Because the skin under the tongue is very thin and allows the components in the medication to enter the bloodstream much faster than if ingested in the stomach, the method is preferred when a speedy reaction is required. This method is not suitable for all medicines, however. Some are designed specifically to work slowly.12 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Jdrainbow 7 Contributions Why is the thermometer put under the tongue? Answer . It gives a true reading of inner body heat, besides for the anal one or the arm pit one. I love the ear one, simplicity and its fast, digital read."
},
{
"docid": "D1471619#0",
"title": "http://www.timemaps.com/civilization/Hellenistic-period\nThe Hellenistic World",
"text": "The Hellenistic World Contents Introduction Alexander the Great and his successors Hellenistic civilization Government and warfare Society and economy Religion and philosophy Culture: literature, art and architecture Mathematics, Science and Technology Further study Map of the Hellenistic period Introduction When people think of Greek history, they tend to skip more or less directly from the conquests of Alexander the Great to the rise of the Roman empire. The two centuries in between are hastily passed over, a time of little significance so far as the advance of civilization is concerned – or so they think. They are wrong. The Greeks referred to themselves as the “Hellenes”, and classical Greek civilization is therefore sometimes labelled “Hellenic”. Modern scholars distinguish the phase of Greek civilization which followed Alexander’s conquests from the earlier, Classical age by giving it the label “Hellenistic”: that period when Greek civilization spread right across the Middle East and beyond and in the process was subtly changed by its interaction with the cultures of the conquered populations. Advances in Greek art, philosophy and science continued apace, and some of the greatest names of Greek civilization, such as Euclid and Archimedes, belong to this period. Nevertheless, Hellenistic civilization represents something of a fusion of many cultures. In government, religion, thought and art, elements from different traditions are mingled together in a fascinating melange. Alexander the Great and his Successors Alexander, king of Macedon, invaded the Persian empire in 334 BCE with an army composed of troops from all over Macedonia and Greece. Ten years later he had completed the conquest of this empire, and more; he had even brought parts of India under his rule."
},
{
"docid": "D3002069#0",
"title": "https://au.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080413144604AAJBcJp\nHow is Greek mythology used in today's society?",
"text": "Society & Culture Mythology & Folklore How is Greek mythology used in today's society? People do not know what to say on this website. So when some one finds out how Greek mythology is used in today's society, email me! You people need to go find a link for people with qusetions to go on. You people's answers don't help anyone. This is coming from someone with experience!Follow 7 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: The Cornecopia, a symbol widely depicted at holidays like the United States Thanksgiving or other national feasts. It is commonly understood to mean a harvest of plenty and great fortune. The Cornecopia comes from an ancient tale of the Greek god Zeus where it was given as a reward to a kindly Nymph in gratitude for a meal of goats milk and would produce whatever the owner wished. The planets are named after Greek Gods. The description of beauty in both men & women using terms like Greek God,Venus, Goddess."
},
{
"docid": "D2136024#0",
"title": "http://dudeman.net/siriusly/pyr/egypt.html\n.",
"text": "\"Pyramids Egypt Giza is just a short walk from exactly 30° North latitude (1/3 the distance between the equator and the north pole) aligned exactly to the Earth's 4 cardinal directions (NSEW) and arranged precisely to match the 3 stars of Orion's Belt. Whenever the Constellation Orion is directly overhead, the Milky Way (our home galaxy) aligns to the Nile and the Sphinx (the body of a lion) is facing directly towards the Constellation Leo (the lion), as it rises in the east. This astronomical alignment happens every day (at different times of day, in different times of year) but in the Age of Leo (approximately 10,500 BC) this occured exactly at sunrise on the Vernal Equinox. In that era, right before a major global flood, Egypt was lush and green, not the desert it is today. Below the sand line, the erosion on the body of the Sphinx is immediately recognized by any student of geology to be centuries of torrential rainfall, not millennia of desert winds - until they are shown just what it is they are looking at - then they want no part of it - carreer breaking implications But whether you cover up the head of the Sphinx or not - the stone we're looking at is unquestionably ancient - we can't ignore undulating curves means rainfall erosion or any of these facts, just because we're not comfortable with the obvious conclusions or deep historical implications. Additionally, it is the definition of bad science to persecute those who are not uncomfortable with wherever the facts may happen to lead no matter which suppositions the evidence in question may just happen to contradict. The only surviving (in tact) of the original Seven Wonders of the World. Until the Eiffel tower was completed in 1887. The Great Pyramid was the tallest man-made structure in the world. Egyptian saying: The Pyramids do not fear time, time fears the pyramids."
},
{
"docid": "D2922442#0",
"title": "http://www.thetoptens.com/best-ancient-civilizations/\nBest Ancient Civilizations",
"text": "\"Best Ancient Civilizations The Top Ten1 Ancient Greece Ancient Greece is the most influential civilizations in the world. They created everything what we believe in today and what we do today. Language, typography, philosophy, architecture, history, science, geography to astronomy, art, beauty and much more. 53.000 words in this world is Greek of origin. And Greeks invented so many things most people don't even know. -53.000 words in the world is Greek of origin. ( Greek language today is the richest in the world with over 800.000 words. The number 2 in the world has only 250.000) -The musical notation system that we use everywhere in the world -Typography (line length, leading, tracking, point size, typefaces -Epic poetry -The science of philosophy -Humanism -Democracy -Development of Mathematics -Automatic doors -Diving bells -First alphabet with vowels -Hippocratic Oath -Science of history -Logic -Mythology -Science of Anthropology -Coined money -The Olympic ... more+118Greece is the founder of Western civilization and also the most influential one, they invented so many things its impossible to write them in a paragraph. Romans copied everything from the Greeks the Romans were deeply enamoured with Greek culture they regarded Greece as the mother of all knowledge, they adopted their religion, architecture, philosophies even the rich aristocrats hired Greek teachers for their kids +50A lot of Ancient Greek influence can be found all over the world. Democracy started in Greece, Theatre was created there and trade played a big part during that time period, which influenced our trading strategies."
},
{
"docid": "D2740864#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_did_geography_impact_the_Greek_civilization\nHow did geography impact the Greek civilization?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Cars & Vehicles Car Selling How did geography impact the Greek civilization? Flag How did geography impact the Greek civilization? Answer by Iceboy3546 Confidence votes 784Distance between city-states, clothing, trade, and democracy were amongst some of things that were influenced by the geography of Ancient Greece. The Greek lived in a Mediterranean climate. Winters were mild and wet, and they were able to grow grapes and olives. Summers were warm and dry. Grapes and olives were one of the few plants that could survive droughts. Mountains cover Seventy-five percent of Greece. The land was difficult to cultivate and the sea surrounded Greece. This made trade extremely easy because the Greeks could get what they could not grow."
},
{
"docid": "D1536894#0",
"title": "https://web.njit.edu/~delano/parthenon.htm\nPARTHENON BENCHMARK",
"text": "\"PARTHENON BENCHMARKJump to: -- Modules -- Readings -- Web Links -- Back to Benchmarks Back to the Main Page This site has been chosen as a benchmark because it embodies the ideals of Ancient Greek society and represents the apotheosis of Classical Greek artistic and architectural perfection. The Parthenon is located atop the Acropolis, the highest summit and sacred rock in Athens, Greece. ( Acropolis means 'high city,' and the limestone outcropping was originally the site of a fortress.) Buildings on the Acropolis include the Parthenon; the Temple of Athena Nike; the Erechtheum (an Ionic temple); and the Propylaea (the entrance gateway). Construction of the Parthenon began in 447-446 BC and was completed in 438 BC. The architects were Ictinus and Calli crates; Pheidias was the sculptor of the elaborate and extensive sculptural groupings. Constructed as a temple to the goddess Athena, the Parthenon is built primarily in the Doric order with some Ionic elements, and is considered the best physical embodiment of the mathematical and structural principles of the Doric order. The political leader Pericles led the campaign to build the Parthenon as a monument to the city's triumph over the Persians; as a symbol of Athens' supremacy, wealth, and beauty; and as an offering to the goddess Athena. It was under his rule that construction of the temple began. The Parthenon is constructed of marble quarried from Mount Pentelicon and with the exception of the wooden roof structure, the building including the roof tiles, was entirely made of marble."
},
{
"docid": "D3152466#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_did_Ancient_Egypt_impact_on_world_history\nHow did Ancient Egypt impact on world history?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History Ancient History Ancient Egypt Pyramids Great Pyramid of Giza How did Ancient Egypt impact on world history? Flag How did Ancient Egypt impact on world history? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. Ancient Egypt, which evolved near the Cradle of Civilization, created a culture and society whose influence was felt throughout the region and down the generations of humanity. Egypt developed from farming communities in the Nile Valley, around 3100 B. C. they started to unify. Egypt was blessed with the Nile which provided fertile soil for agriculture and an easy method of transportation. Egypt was also lucky to have large amounts of stone for construction. This condition allowed Egypt to develop an advanced culture which impacted world history. Egyptian society went through three main periods of unified government under the god-king called \"\"Pharaoh\"\". These three periods were broken up by periods of invasion and political chaos."
},
{
"docid": "D1136805#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_did_the_Phoenicians_get_their_cloth_from\nWhere did the Phoenicians get their cloth from?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History Ancient History Phoenicia Where did the Phoenicians get their cloth from? Flag Where did the Phoenicians get their cloth from? Answer by Tumbleweeds . Confidence votes 5.4KExpert on ancient and European history Most often, they - or more precisely: their women - made it themselves or they imported it, because the Phoenicians traded all over the ancient world and cloth was actively traded between countries. The art of making cloth from wool and cotton is some 7,000 years old, so it was well-developed when the Phoenicians were around.1 person found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Nevwik 75,001 Contributions Who were the Phoenicians? The Phoenicians were a Semitic people who established an earlycivilization - from about 1200 BCE - on the Mediterranean coastnear what is now Lebanon and western Syria where t …Taklemario 3 Contributions What did the Phoenicians do? They did a lot! One invention is the alphabet. Many people think that the Greeks did that, but really the Phoenicians did, and later, the Greeks adopted the Phoenicians alphab …Nevwik 75,001 Contributions What was the technology of the Phoenicians?"
},
{
"docid": "D2939829#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_type_of_food_do_Greek_people_eat\nWhat type of food do Greek people eat?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Travel & Places Countries, States, and Cities Greece What type of food do Greek people eat? Flag What type of food do Greek people eat? Answer by Soccerdog270 Confidence votes 123Greeks tend to eat a lot of seafood, poultry, goat meat and pork. They also love desserts, for example, Bacalavas (soft or normal), yoghurt and melle (honey), fruits and yoghurt.3 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No What type of food do people eat in Columbia? Colombian food is characterized by its blending of European cuisine with aspects of indigenous cuisine.. Even though there is no consensus as to which one dish can be conside …What are some of the foods greek people eat?said you can call on tyrone What type of food did the Ancient Greeks eat?ddrtr16619 113 Contributions What type of food do the Greeks eat?mussels, lobsters, sheep, clams, goats, pizza, penne, macaroni, etc. not just seafood like the fathead previous answer. What type of food did Greeks eat?baunchikawahwah What type of food do people eat? People eat the same food that you eat. Except if you are a different race."
},
{
"docid": "D1011083#0",
"title": "http://www.thefinertimes.com/ancient-wars/the-battle-of-thermopylae.html\n.",
"text": "The Battle of Thermopylae Facts Written by Peter Fitzgerald History of War - Ancient Wars Related Articles The Third Punic War The Second Punic War Visigoths Sack of Rome Summary of the Punic Wars Peloponnesian War The First Punic War The Battle of Zama The Battle of Saratoga The Battle of Salamis The Battle of Marathon Many will know of the Battle of Thermopylae as it was made famous by the film 300 which depicts a small number of Greek forces under the leadership of Leonidas battling against thousands of Persian warriors. This is a great film but there is more to this battle than meets the eyes, this being said the outline of the film does depict one famous part of the battle. Battle of Thermopylae Facts The date of the Battle of Thermopylae is in debate with two dates under contention. The dates in question are either August 7th or September 8th to the 10th of the year 480 BC. The battle was between the defending Greek city-states led by Athenian General Themistocles, King Leonidas I of Sparta and Demophilus of Thespiae and the attacking Persian army of Xerxes I of Persia. The total number of forces on both sides are still debated but the Greek numbered between 5,200 to 11,200 and the Persian between 70,000 and 300,000 (historical numbers put the Persian army at around 2,000,000 men). Before the Battle The battle occurred because the forces of Xerxes I, King of Persia marched through Thrace and Macedon on their way to Greece. The Greeks found out about this but the Spartans, renowned warriors in Greece were enjoying a festival called Carneia in which no armed battles were allowed to take place. Given the urgency because of the large Persian army marching on Greece it was deemed that there was ample reason to still go into battle. King Leonidas I of Sparta was the chosen leader and he took to the Oracle to find out what would happen in battle, the Oracle advised that he would die."
},
{
"docid": "D2039008#0",
"title": "http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/unlocking-mysteries-of-the-parthenon-16621015/\nUnlocking Mysteries of the Parthenon",
"text": "\"View of the Temple of Apollo, Didyma, Turkey, planned around a sanctuary and oracle of the sun god beginning around 334 BC. Construction continued intermittently for another 600 years but the temple was never finished, so its surfaces never received a final polishing. This preserved both full-size and scaled-down construction drawings that the original masons engraved as guides or blueprints for building specific components, such as the massive 65 feet-tall columns. These almost invisible engraved drawings gave important clues to how ancient Greek temple builders solved various architectural design challenges. ( Evan Hadingham)Unlocking Mysteries of the Parthenon Restoration of the 2,500-year-old temple is yielding new insights into the engineering feats of the golden age’s master builders By Evan Hadingham Smithsonian Magazine | Subscribe February 200810 5 1 2 683Editor’s Note: This article was adapted from its original form and updated to include new information for Smithsonian’s Mysteries of the Ancient World bookazine published in Fall 2009. During the past 2,500 years, the Parthenon—the apotheosis of ancient Greek architecture—has been rocked by earthquakes, set on fire, shattered by exploding gunpowder, looted for its stunning sculptures and defaced by misguided preservation efforts. Amazingly, the ancient Athenians built the Parthenon in just eight or nine years. Repairing it is taking a bit longer. A restoration project funded by the Greek government and the European Union is now entering its 34th year, as archaeologists, architects, civil engineers and craftsmen strive not simply to imitate the workmanship ofthe ancient Greeks but to recreate it. They have had to become forensic architects, reconstructing long-lost techniques to answer questions that archaeologists and classical scholars have debated for centuries."
},
{
"docid": "D3165074#0",
"title": "http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/WestTech/xancient.htm\nLegacy of the Ancient World",
"text": "\"Legacy of the Ancient World Steven Dutch, Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Green Bay First-time Visitors: Please visit Site Map and Disclaimer . Use \"\"Back\"\" to return here. Pre-Greek Accomplishments The key to technology and civilization is enough food to eat. Roughly 8,000 years ago, agriculture, irrigation, and animal domestication had appeared in the Middle East and were independently discovered in many other times and places. Ceramics (pottery) likewise appeared in many places. The discovery of metals was not so widespread, although smelting seems to have been independently discovered in the Middle East, China, and southeast Asia. Seven metals are mentioned in the Bible: gold, silver, copper, iron, lead, mercury (quicksilver) and tin. The chemical symbols for these elements (Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, Pb, Hg, and Sn, respectively) are unrelated to their modern names. The symbols come from their Latin names, a testament to their antiquity. Probably the first metals discovered were gold and silver, and perhaps copper."
},
{
"docid": "D1510028#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/FAQ/19316\nShang Dynasty",
"text": "\"Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of Asia History of China Chinese Dynasties Shang Dynasty Unanswered | Answered Shang Dynasty Parent Category: Chinese Dynasties The Shang Dynasty, also known as the Yin Dynasty, ruled the Yellow River Valley area of China during the second millennium BC.1 2 3 >What did people buy and sell in the Shang Dynasty? Rice, beans, bamboo, boxes, knives, spoons,What did people trade in the Shang Dynasty? Bronze items that symbolized authority and during the shang dynasty Silk cultivation was discovered there for silk items were also another main good that was traded Who took over the shang dynasty? The Zhou (JOH) dynasty took over after the Shang Dynsty. They didthat by proclaiming that they had the Manidate of Heaven, which wasa divine right to rule China. How were the Shang Dynasty and the bronze age related? The Shang dynasty started the bronze age around 2000 B. C. and ended around 700 B. C. What were some artifacts from the Shang Dynasty?some artifacts fro the shang dynasty were oracle bones and chariots. What were the inventions in the Shang Dynasty?paper, ink, and gunpowder Did the shang dynasty hunt or farm?or What agriculture did the shang dynasty do?xlkndfmkdfmkdfgdfgd Comparison of xia dynasty and Shang Dynasty? DICKWhat advances were made by the Shang Dynasty? Pottery, oracle bones, bronze tools How did the Shang Dynasty encourage the settlement of more lands and towns?in the great wall of china For what artistic skill were the artisans of the Shang Dynasty known?"
},
{
"docid": "D243309#0",
"title": "http://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-technology/ten-amazing-inventions-ancient-times-001539\nTen amazing inventions from ancient times",
"text": "\"8 April, 2014 - 14:14 aprilholloway Ten amazing inventions from ancient times Dating back thousands of years are numerous examples of ancient technology that leave us awe-struck at the knowledge and wisdom held by people of our past. They were the result of incredible advances in engineering and innovation as new, powerful civilizations emerged and came to dominate the ancient world. These advances stimulated societies to adopt new ways of living and governance, as well as new ways of understanding their world. However, many ancient inventions were forgotten, lost to the pages of history, only to be re-invented millennia later. Here we feature ten of the best examples of ancient technology and inventions that demonstrate the ingenuity of our ancient ancestors.1. The ancient invention of the steam engine by the Hero of Alexandria Heron Alexandrinus, otherwise known as the Hero of Alexandria, was a 1 st century Greek mathematician and engineer who is known as the first inventor of the steam engine. His steam powered device was called the aeolipile, named after Aiolos, God of the winds. The aeolipile consisted of a sphere positioned in such a way that it could rotate around its axis. Nozzles opposite each other would expel steam and both of the nozzles would generate a combined thrust resulting in torque, causing the sphere to spin around its axis. The rotation force sped up the sphere up to the point where the resistance from traction and air brought it to a stable rotation speed."
},
{
"docid": "D2139669#0",
"title": "https://study.com/academy/lesson/trade-commerce-in-greek-city-states-the-mediterranean-region.html\nTrade & Commerce in Greek City-States & the Mediterranean Region",
"text": "Instructor: Christopher Muscato Chris has a master's degree in history and teaches at the University of Northern Colorado. In this lesson, you will explore the commerce of the Ancient Greek city-states as they became involved with an early network of international trade. Then, test your understanding with a brief quiz. Ancient Greek Economies Okay, really quick, pick up something. Find its stamp or tag and check out where it was made. Was it made entirely in the United States? There's a good chance that it was not because we participate in a very complex international economy. The idea of international trade is normal for us, but in the Ancient World, it took a little bit of getting used to. Although many ancient cultures traded between nearby kingdoms, the Ancient Greeks were some of the first people to really rely on an advanced system of international trade and commerce. Before we go further, it's important to understand that Ancient Greece was not a single kingdom or empire, but instead a collection of major cities that each had its own independent government, called city-states."
}
] |
619860
|
what did the apaches wear
|
[
{
"docid": "D827061#0",
"title": "http://www.aaanativearts.com/apache/apache-clothing.htm\n.",
"text": "Artifact Replicas | Jewelry | Clothing | Figurines | On Sale | New Products What's Newapache clothing At the time of contact, the primitive dress of the apache men was a deerskin shirt, leggings, and moccasins. They were never without a loin-cloth. A deerskin cap with attractive symbolic ornamentation was sometimes worn. The apache woman's clothing consisted of a short deerskin skirt and high boot top moccasins. In the 1800's, many Apache men began to wear white cotton tunics and pants, which they adopted from the Mexicans, and many Apache women wore calico skirts and dresses. The Apaches wore moccasins or high moccasin boots on their feet. An Apache lady's dress or warrior's shirt was often fringed and beaded for decoration. Shrek 2 - Puss in Boots Poster Buy at All Posters.com Framed Mounted"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D390939#0",
"title": "http://nativeamericanadventures.weebly.com/southwest.html\nWhat Clothes Did Southwest Native Americans Wear?",
"text": "HOMENORTHEAST SOUTHEASTMIDWEST NORTHWEST SOUTHWESTQUIZWhat is the Southwest Region? The Southwest region is made up of California, Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, Utah, and Texas. Part of the Southwest region is along the Pacific ocean. What is the Land and Climate Like Here? The Southwest is very dry, desert region. Water was very hard to come by so it was used very carefully. There were not many grazing animals, so instead farming was popular for food production. What Native American Tribes Live Here? In the Southwest region, the Pueblo, Navajo, and Apache tribes were the most popular. What Did Southwest Native Americans Live In?"
},
{
"docid": "D3027182#0",
"title": "http://mescaleroapachetribe.com/our-culture/\nOur Culture",
"text": "Our Culture Tribal History Hundreds of years ago, long before white men came to this land, these mountains, plains and deserts belonged to the Mescalero Apaches. No other Native Americans in the Southwest caused the terror and constant fear in the settlers as the Apaches did throughout their existence. They raided Spanish, Mexican and American settlers, and were known to be expert guerrilla fighters who defended their homelands. The Mescalero were essentially nomadic hunters and warriors, dwelling at one place for a temporary time in brush shelter known as a “Wicki up”; short rounded dwellings made of twigs or teepees made of elk hides and buffalo hides. The Mescalero roamed freely throughout the Southwest including Texas, Arizona, Chihuahua, México and Sonora, México. Today, three sub-tribes, Mescalero, Lipan and Chiricahua, make up the Mescalero Apache Tribe. We live on this reservation of 463,000 acres of what once was the heartland of our people’s aboriginal homelands. Reservation History The Mescalero Apache Reservation – long recognized by Spanish, Mexican, and American Treaties – was formally established by Executive Order of President Ulysses S. Grant on May 27, 1873. Mescaleros on the reservation numbered about 400 when the reservation was established more than 100 years ago. Survivors of the Lipan Apaches, a tribe which suffered heavily in the Texas wars, were brought from northern Chihuahua, Mexico about 1903."
},
{
"docid": "D1784188#0",
"title": "http://www.ducksters.com/history/native_american_sioux_nation.php\nNative Americans",
"text": "Advertisement Native Americans Sioux Nation Wife of American Horse, Dakota Sioux by Gertrude Kasebier History >> Native Americans for Kids The Sioux Nation is a large group of Native American tribes that traditionally lived in the Great Plains. There are three major divisions of Sioux: Eastern Dakota, Western Dakota, and the Lakota. Many Sioux tribes were nomadic people who moved from place to place following bison (buffalo) herds. Much of their lifestyle was based around hunting bison. Where did the Sioux live? The Sioux lived in the northern Great Plains in lands that are today the states of North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. Tribes travelled all over the plains, however, and sometimes ended up in other states for periods of time. What were their homes like? The Sioux lived in teepees made from long wooden poles and covered with bison hides. The poles would be tied together at the top and spread wide at the bottom to make the shape of an upside down cone."
},
{
"docid": "D2968427#0",
"title": "http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/students/apache-tears/project.htm\nCochise College Student Papers in Geology",
"text": "\"Cochise College Student Papers in Geology Geology Home Page physical geology historical geology planetary gems Roger Weller, geology [email protected] Apache Tears (obsidian)by Erica Mallett Physical Geology Fall 2011Apache Tears: From the Legend to Your Pocket Apache tears are a form of black obsidian found around Superior, AZ. Apache tears are more than just a piece of black obsidian they hold a deeper meaning. The legend is about the Coyote, Tonto and Pinal Indians who were all part of one Apache tribe. They lived on top of Big Picacho, a mountain that was hidden to those around them. Here is where our story begins. In July of 1870, the Apaches were living life as they always did until “General George Stoneman deemed it necessary to establish an outpost” ( The Legend of Apache...) west of what is now called Superior, AZ. Things did not start to get worst until the winter, when the tribes were having a difficult time gathering and hunting. The buffalo and vegetation were scarce and the Apache men did not know how they were going to feed their families and tribes. In desperate need of food, the “Pinal Apaches had made several raids on a settlements” ( Native American...) but after these raids the ranchers decided to do something about it. US Calvary Company B and the ranchers gathered and went on a search for the Apache tribes."
},
{
"docid": "D2199309#0",
"title": "http://www.kai-waehner.de/blog/2011/06/02/when-to-use-apache-camel/\nKai Waehner",
"text": "Follow Apache Camel is one of my favorite open source frameworks in the JVM / Java environment. It enables easy integration of different applications which use several protocols and technologies. This article shows when to use Apache Camel and when to use other alternatives. The Problem: Enterprise Application Integration (EAI)Enterprise application integration is necessary in almost every company due to new products and applications. Integrating these applications creates several problems. New paradigms come up every decade, for example client / server communication, Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) or Cloud Computing. Besides, different interfaces, protocols and technologies emerge. Instead of storing data in files in the past (many years ago), SQL databases are used often today. Sometimes, even No SQL databases are required in some usecases. Synchronous remote procedure calls or asynchronous messaging is used to communicate via several technologies such as RMI, SOAP Web Services, REST or JMS."
},
{
"docid": "D1890818#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navajo\nNavajo",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other uses, see Navajo (disambiguation). Navajo DinéNaabeehóTotal population300,460 [1] (2015)Regions with significant populations United States ( Navajo Nation, Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, California)Languages Navajo, Plains Indian Sign Language ( Navajo Sign Language ), English Religion Navajo Traditional, Christianity (mainly Catholicism ), Mormonism, Native American Church Related ethnic groups Apachean ( Southern Athabascan) peoples, ( Northern Athabascan) peoples The Navajo ( / n æ v. ə. h oʊ /; British English: Navaho, Navajo: Diné or Naabeehó) are a Native American people of the Southwestern United States. The Navajo people are politically divided between two federally recognized tribes, viz. the Navajo Nation and the Colorado River Indian Tribes. At more than 300,000 enrolled tribal members as of 2015 [1] [2], the Navajo Nation is the second largest federally recognized tribe in the U. S. (the Cherokee Nation being the largest), and has the largest reservation in the country. The reservation straddles the Four Corners region and covers more than 27,000 square miles of land in Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico. The Navajo language is spoken throughout the region, with most Navajos speaking English, as well. The states with the largest Navajo populations are Arizona (140,263) and New Mexico (108,306). Over three-quarters of the Navajo population reside in these two states. ["
},
{
"docid": "D153867#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/history/language-did-native-americans-speak-984c622a73a2ac85\nWhat Language Did the Native Americans Speak?",
"text": "History Modern History US History Q: What Language Did the Native Americans Speak? A: Quick Answer The Native Americans did not speak one language, but had different languages for different trips and areas. Once the Europeans arrived, many Native Americans learned to speak English to be able to communicate. By the first part of the 20th century, many natives were put into schools and forbidden to speak their native tongue. Continue Reading Keep Learning What Did Native Americans Do? How Did the French Treat Native Americans? What Are Some Theories on the Origins of the Native Americans? Full Answer In the modern day, there are only eight Native American languages still spoken. Most of these languages are spoken only by older generations and are feared to be on the verge of going extinct. The languages still spoken are Navajo, Cherokee, Cree, Ojibwa, Dakota, Apache, Blackfoot and Choctaw."
},
{
"docid": "D2478741#0",
"title": "http://genealogytrails.com/oka/Geronimo.html\n.",
"text": "\"Oklahoma Genealogy Trails The Story of Geronimo and Oklahoma Geronimo, a Native American (Chiricahua Apache) man, skins a buffalo in Oklahoma. Spectators, some of whom wear feather headdresses, look on. One man holds a staff decorated with feathers. ( abt 1909)Source: Denver Public Library, Western History Collection (used by permission) however, newspaper accounts indicate 1905A Chiricahua Apache religious and military leader, Geronimo was born in the 1820s, perhaps near present Clifton, Arizona. His Apache name was Goyahkla (One Who Yawns). He achieved a reputation as a spiritual leader and tenacious fighter against those who threatened his people's ways of life. Later he was called Geronimo (Spanish for Jerome), most likely because of the way he fought in battle against Mexican soldiers who frantically called upon St. Jerome for help. He willingly accepted the name. Geronimo's hatred toward Mexicans intensified when Mexican troops killed his mother, wife, and children in 1850. In addition, after the U. S. Mexican War ended, and the United States entered the Southwest, Geronimo faced another enemy that threatened his tribe's existence."
},
{
"docid": "D1115611#0",
"title": "http://www.healing-crystals-for-you.com/psychic-protection.html\nPsychic Protection...",
"text": "Psychic Protection... Using Protection Crystals To Prevent Psychic Attacks? Moldavite & Kyanite Pendant Psychic protection is important for anyone who is doing spiritual or psychic development work, including if you are participating in a meditation circle. Once you become adept at making contact with the higher realms, you will understand more fully the risks that you face, and will wish to prevent psychic attacks. But many people at the beginning may be unaware of the problems, so are not protecting themselves adequately. Once you open yourself up to spirit, you should begin to take psychic protection measures to protect yourself from psychic attack. Meditation Groups & Spiritual Development Circles When you participate in a group meditation, or a spiritual development circle, it is common for you to do guided meditations. These groups are often aimed at developing psychic gifts, mostly clairvoyance or psychic visions and clairsentience or psychometry. These will often do meditation in a group, with a guided meditation that may take you into deep relaxed inner awareness. It is very common for any of you who have the potential to develop psychic gifts, to make contact with spirits at these times. Mostly it is your personal guides that you contact, but occasionally it is not."
},
{
"docid": "D1441161#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geronimo\nGeronimo",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other uses, see Geronimo (disambiguation). Geronimo GoyaałéBedonkohe Apache leader Preceded by Mangas Coloradas Personal details Born June 16, 1829 Arizpe, Sonora, Mexico [1]Died February 17, 1909 (aged 79) Fort Sill, Oklahoma, United States Cause of death Pneumonia exacerbated by horse riding accident Resting place Apache Indian Prisoner of War Cemetery, Fort Sill 34.713406°N 98.369356°WSpouse (s) Alope, Ta-ayz-slath, Chee-hash-kish, Nana-tha-thtith, Zi-yeh, She-gha, Shtsha-she, Ih-tedda, and Azul Children Chappo, Dohn-say Signature Geronimo's chronology Geronimo ( Mescalero-Chiricahua: Goyaałé [kòjàːɬɛ́] \"\"the one who yawns\"\"; June 16, 1829 – February 17, 1909) was a prominent leader and medicine man from the Bedonkohe band of the Chiricahua Apache tribe. From 1850 to 1886 Geronimo joined with members of three other Chiricahua Apache bands—the Tchihende, the Tsokanende and the Nednhi—to carry out numerous raids as well as resistance to US and Mexican military campaigns in the northern Mexico states of Chihuahua and Sonora, and in the southwestern American territories of New Mexico and Arizona. Geronimo's raids and related combat actions were a part of the prolonged period of the Apache–United States conflict, which started with American settlement in Apache lands following the end of the war with Mexico in 1848. While well known, Geronimo was not a chief among the Chiricahua or the Bedonkohe band. [ 2]: 38 [3]: 1–2 At any one time, about 30 to 50 Apaches would be following him. [ 4] However, since he was a superb leader in raiding and warfare he frequently led large numbers of men and women beyond his own following. [ 4]During Geronimo's final period of conflict from 1876 to 1886 he \"\"surrendered\"\" three times and accepted life on the Apache reservations in Arizona. [ 5] Reservation life was confining to the free-moving Apache people, and they resented restrictions on their customary way of life. [ 6]In 1886, after an intense pursuit in Northern Mexico by U. S. forces that followed Geronimo's third 1885 reservation \"\"breakout\"\", Geronimo surrendered for the last time to Lt."
},
{
"docid": "D2801792#0",
"title": "https://serverfault.com/questions/116816/how-can-i-find-out-if-a-port-is-opened-or-not\nHow can I find out if a port is opened or not?",
"text": "\"_Server Fault is a question and answer site for system and network administrators. Join them; it only takes a minute: Sign up Here's how it works: Anybody can ask a question Anybody can answer The best answers are voted up and rise to the top How can I find out if a port is opened or not?up vote22down votefavorite9I have installed Apache server on my Windows 7 computer. I was able to display the default index.php by typing http://localhost/ in the address line of my browser. However, I am still unable to see this page by typing IP address of my computer (neither locally (from the same computer) no globally (from another computer connected to the Internet)). I was told that I need to open port 80. I did it (in a way described here) but it did not solve the problem. First of all I would like to check which ports are opened and which are not. For example I am not sure that my port 80 was closed before I tried to open. I am also not sure that it is opened after I tried to open it. I tried to run a very simple web server written in Python."
},
{
"docid": "D2968425#0",
"title": "http://www.healing-crystals-for-you.com/apache-tears.html\nApache Tears...",
"text": "\"Apache Tears... Heal Grief and Give Protection and Grounding Apache Tear in Perlite Apache Tears are a type of Black Obsidian, but they have a more friendly vibration than some of the other types of Obsidian. Maybe it is their strange out-of-shape appearance, that makes you comfortable with them. They are strong stones for grounding and protection, and to aid you to clear negative emotions that may be holding you back. They are volcanic stones, that may be partly transparent. Their color is very dark brown to black in color. These dark strange looking stones occur naturally in these odd shapes. They are not altered but are natural crystals. Where Are They From? Apache Tears Meaning They are a type of Black Obsidian Stone found in the south-western USA and Mexico. The meaning of their name comes from an American Indian legend."
},
{
"docid": "D3312014#0",
"title": "https://www.pinterest.com/pin/114419646757792600/\nExplore Native American Cherokee and more!",
"text": "\"Native American Cherokee Native American Wisdom Native American Pottery Native American Tribes Native American History Native Americans Indian Tribes Native Indian Native Art The Apache were born warriors - the fiercest and most feared of all American…See More Native American Prayers Native American Wisdom Native American Cherokee Native American History Native American Indians Native American Ancestry Native Americans Cherokee Indians Cherokee History Image detail for -Native American Style Medicine Wheels See More Warrior Tattoos Native Indian Native American Warriors Native Americans Native American Indians Fighter Tattoos Apache- so intense See Morefrom Zazzle Native American History Native American Indians Native American Ancestry Native Americans Native American Lessons Native American Projects Native American Legends Cherokee Indians The Americans Native America's Timeline, the last one about living anywhere they would like is alittle misleading since most stay on the reservations or nations for health care, family, lack of money to go anywhere else, many different reasons that the families are sti See More Native American Images Native American Artifacts Native American Tribes Native American History Native Americans Indian Artifacts Native Indian Clovis Point Flint Knapping Native American spear See More Native American Indians Native Americans Cherokee American Art Presidents Culture Mountains Community Cherokee Language Edward Two Moons. ~Edward is President of the Chiricahua Apache Nation, self sufficient community at the Dos Cabezas Mountains Sacred Lands. See More Apache Indian Native Indian Native Art Cowboys And Indians Native American Women Native American History Native American Indians American Indian Wars American Art The 100 Best Historical Photos of the American Indian See More Quanah Parker Native Indian Blackfoot Indian Indian Tribes Native American Women Native American History Native American Indians American Indian Art Native American Clothing Comanche: Needle Parker - The Beautiful and Accomplished Daughter of Quanah Parker and grand-daughter of Cynthia Ann Parker who kidnapped by the Indians as a child. See More Siksika Black Feet Indians 1910s Vintage 8x10 Reprint Of Old Photo Blackfoot Indian Indian Tribes Native Indian Native Art Native American Clothing Native American Tribes Native American History American Indian Decor Black Indians Siksika Black Feet Vintage Reprint Of Photo Siksika Black Feet Vintage Reprint Of Photo Here is a neat collectible featuring the Siksika Black Feet Indian tribe circa Vint See More Apache Indian Native Indian Native American Indians Native Americans Native American History Native American Cherokee Cherokee Nation Native American Warrior Native American Wisdom Western Apache Warrior - art by David Yorke See More Native Place Native American History Native American Tribes Native Indian Indian Tribes Native Americans North America Sonora Mexico Mexicans An Albumen Print Portrait Of A Yaqui Man From The State Of Sonora In Northern America. See More Native American History Native American Women Native American Indians American Indian Art Cherokee Indian Women Cherokee Indians Native American Cherokee Cherokee Woman Cherokee Nation Freckled Face, Arapahoe photographed by F. Rinehart, in Omaha Nebraska, January Photograph shows half-length portrait of an Arapahoe woman apparently See Moreby Buyenlarge Native American Clothing Native American History Cherokee Clothing Native American Indians Native American Beauty Native American Warrior Indian Tribes Native Indian Native Art Native American war shirts used by southwest Indian tribes are a very interesting part of American history. Worn by braves as badges of honor, they represented the bravery of the warrior during battle. Indian war shirts were often made of buckskin and dec See Morefrom missiondelrey.com Apache Native Indian Women & Horses 1900 8x10 Reprint Of Old Photo Native American Indians Native Americans Native American History Indian Tribes Native Indian Red Indian Indian Art Apache Indian Indian Pictures Native American Indian Pictures: Native American Photos of the Apache Hunters See More Native American Regalia Native American History Native American Wisdom Apache Indian Native Indian Vernon Ghost Towns North America Alabama\"\"Naiche - The last chief of the Chiricahua Apaches\"\" - At Mt. Vernon, Alabama, between 1887 and See More Native American History Native American Indians Native American Women Apache Indian North America Aztec History Indian Tribes Native Indian Cherokee Taza [Son of Cochise] Chiricahua Apache - before 1876See More Native American Men Native American Symbols Native American Quotes Apache Indian Native Indian Native Son Native Place October 31 Gelatin Must-ti-ende - White Mountain Apache, Arizona - Cheyenne Kane See More Native American Photos Native American Girls Native American History Native American Religion Native American Tribes American Art Apache Indian Native Indian Indian Tribes Native American prisoners of war 1886 - 1914 ~ Chiricahua Apache girl in a puberty dress, Fort Sill, Oklahoma. See More American Life American Art Native American Indians Native Americans Native American History Native American Images Apache Indian Native Indian Indian People An Apache Hunting Party See More Native American Clothing Native American History Native American Indians Native Americans American Art Native Indian Indian Art Western Movies Western Art Al Sieber \"\"Chief of Scouts\"\" surrounded by some of his intrepid Apaches. ( ancestor on my mothers side )See More Native American Masks American Crow Native American History Native Indian Native Art Indian Art Dog Soldiers Native Americans Dog Mask Native American Indian Crow Dog Spirit Mask See More Chief Naiche (son of Cochise) and co-leader of the Chiricahua Indians with Geronimo. ( Close-up of the group photo of 1886 by C. See More Apache Indian Native Indian Native American History Native American Ancestry Native American Images Native American Indians Native Americans Native Place Geronimo Nino Cochise Chief Chiricahua Apache, Son of Tahza and Nod-Ah-Sti [Niome], (Sister of Geronimo), grandson of Cochise (Daddy resembles him-BCR)See More Apache Indian Native Indian Indian Tribes Native American History Native American Indians Native American Women Indian Girls Girl Photos Arizona American Indian's History: Historic Apache Indian Girls Photo Gallery-Apache-Indian-girl-carrying a See More Native American History Native American Indians Native Americans Native Indian Paramedics Ancestry Wicca Genealogy Dancers) Never forget what blood runs through your veins."
},
{
"docid": "D690064#0",
"title": "http://www.bigorrin.org/ute_kids.htm\nUte Indian Fact Sheet",
"text": "\"Ute Tribe How do you pronounce the word \"\"Ute\"\"? What does it mean? Ute is pronounced \"\"yoot\"\" (rhymes with \"\"boot.\"\") This comes from the Spanish name for the tribe, Yuta, but nobody knows for sure where the Spanish word came from. It is not true that it means \"\"mountain\"\" in the Ute language. Maybe it was a Spanish corruption of the tribe's own name for themselves, Nuutsiu, which means \"\"the people.\"\" Or maybe it came from the Western Apache word yudah, which means \"\"high up.\"\" Where do the Utes live? The Ute Indians were far-ranging people. Different bands of Ute Indians lived in what is now Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Nevada ."
},
{
"docid": "D3092465#0",
"title": "https://www.pinterest.com/pin/146789269077429958/\nExplore Cherokee Indians, A Mother, and more!",
"text": "\"Pinterest Explore Cherokee Indians, A Mother, and more!Cherokee Native american warrior Cherokee Indians A Mother Native American Warrior Jungle Safari Famous Couples Famous Celebrities Armenia Wild West Music Music Sex symbol of the Cherilyn Sarkisian La Pierre, better known as Cher, was born in California on May from an Armenian father and a mother of Cherokee origins. See More Red Indian Oklahoma City Oklahoma Tourism Native Art Native Americans Native American Indians American Indian Art Native American History Comanche Warrior Red Earth Native American Cultural Festival on Jun 2014 in Oklahoma City, OK at Remington Park. Description Head to Oklahoma City's Red Earth Fest. See Morefrom Travel OK.com The Indians Native American Indians Native Americans Native American Music Mountain Park Stone Mountain Georgia Pow Wow Native Indian Park In Native Festival & Pow-Wow at Stone Mountain Park - by Zachary Long See More Native Indian Native American Indians Native Americans Native American Thunderbird Native American History Indian Tribes American Indian Art American Pride Pow Wow Native American dancer Thunderbird Native American Click through for ©info See More Edward Curtis Native American Indians Native Americans Native American Pictures Native American Women Indian Girls Travel Photography Sheriff Digital Image File: Edward S. Curtis, girl Zuni, New Mexico,See More Native American Women Native American Cherokee Native American Wisdom Native American History Native American Indians Native Americans Native Indian Native Art Pueblo Indians An unidentified Native American woman, as Buffalo Woman, Tesuque Pueblo, New Mexico. See More Native American Women Native American History Native American Indians Native Americans Native Indian Ruidoso New Mexico New Mexico History Forgive Santa Fe Mescalero Apache women at Ruidoso, New Mexico - circa feathers in hair.is that true dress? They do not dress like the older photos. See More Native Indian, Native American Art, Native Americans, Composition, Bellisima, Cities, Native American Indians, Native American, Native American Men See More Native American Women Native American Indians Native American History Native Indian Seminole Indians Native American Pictures Native American Clothing American Fashion American Art Molly Spotted Elk , Penobscot Tribe- A Native American Glamour Actress and dancer who gained success in New York and Paris in the and in silent films. See Morefrom Legendary Women Native American Flute Native Flute Native American Prayers Native American Warrior Native American Tribes Native American History Native Americans Native Indian Flutes Robert Mirabal (born Native American flute player & maker from Taos Pueblo, NM. His flutes are world renowned; displayed at the Smithsonian. An award-winning musician, Mirabal performs worldwide, sharing flute songs & tribal storytelling See More Indian Tribes Native Indian Native Art Native American History Native American Indians Native Americans Plains Indians World Cultures Modern Times Oneida Tribe man, Indians of Wisconsin, USASee Moreby Scott Denny Native American Cherokee Cherokee Nation Cherokee Indians Native American Women Native American History Native American Indians Native Americans Native Indian History Mysteries Charity Jane Storm-Faddis (the daughter of William Storm and Sarah Arnold-Storm, and the wife of Isham Faddis) - Cherokee - 1869 Charity is my great-great-grandmother."
},
{
"docid": "D321972#0",
"title": "http://www.ducksters.com/history/native_american_clothing.php\nNative Americans",
"text": "Advertisement Native Americans Clothing Long Fox-To-Can-Has-Ka by Unknown History >> Native Americans for Kids Native American clothing prior to the arrival of Europeans was different depending on the tribe and the climate where the tribe lived. However, there were some general similarities. What materials did they use? The primary material used by Native Americans in their clothing was made from animal hides. Generally they used the hides of the animals they hunted for food. Many tribes such as the Cherokee and Iroquois used deerskin. While the Plains Indians, who were bison hunters, used buffalo skin and the Inuit from Alaska used seal or caribou skin. Some tribes learned how to make clothing from plants or weaving thread. These included the Navajo and Apache, who learned how to make woven blankets and tunics, and the Seminole of Florida. How did they make the clothes?"
},
{
"docid": "D1669203#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comanche\nComanche",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other uses, see Comanche (disambiguation). Comanches NʉmʉnʉʉFlag of the Comanche [1]Regions with significant populations United States ( Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico)Languages English, Comanche Religion Native American Church, Christianity, traditional tribal religion Related ethnic groups Shoshone and other Numic peoples The Comanche / k ə ˈ m æ n tʃ iː / ( Comanche: Nʉmʉnʉʉ) are a Native Americannation from the Great Plains whose historic territory, known as Comancheria, consisted of present-day eastern New Mexico, southeastern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, western Oklahoma, and most of northwest Texas and northern Chihuahua. The Comanche people are federally recognized as the Comanche Nation, headquartered in Lawton, Oklahoma. [ 1]After European contact, the Comanches were hunter-gatherers with a horse culture. As many as 45,000 Comanches may have been alive in the late 18th century. [ 2] They were the dominant tribe on the Southern Plains and often took captives from weaker tribes during warfare, selling them as slaves to the Spanish and later Mexican settlers. They also took thousands of captives from the Spanish, Mexican, and American settlers. [ 3]Today, the Comanche Nation has 15,191 members, around 7,763 of whom reside in tribal jurisdictional area around the Lawton, Fort Sill, and surrounding areas of southwest Oklahoma. [ 4] The Comanche Homecoming Annual Dance is held annually in Walters, Oklahoma, in mid-July. [ 5]The Comanche language is a Numic language of the Uto-Aztecan family, sometimes classified as a Shoshoni dialect. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1520535#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American_jewelry\nNative American jewelry",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Wanesia Spry Misquadace ( Fond du Lac Ojibwe ), jeweler and birch bark biter, 2011 [1]Native American jewelry refers to items of personal adornment, whether for personal use, sale or as art; examples of which include necklaces, earrings, bracelets, rings and pins, as well as ketohs, wampum, and labrets, made by one of the Indigenous peoples of the United States. Native American jewelry normally reflects the cultural diversity and history of its makers, but tribal groups have often borrowed and copied designs and methods from other, neighboring tribes or nations with which they had trade, and this practice continues today. Native American tribes continue to develop distinct aesthetics rooted in their personal artistic visions and cultural traditions. Artists may create jewelry for adornment, ceremonies, and display, or for sale or trade. Lois Sherr Dubin writes, \"\" [i]n the absence of written languages, adornment became an important element of Indian communication, conveying many levels of information.\"\" Later, jewelry and personal adornment \"\"...signaled resistance to assimilation. It remains a major statement of tribal and individual identity.\"\" [ 2]Native American jewelry can be made from naturally occurring materials such as various metals, hardwoods, vegetal fibers, or precious and semi-precious gemstones; animal materials such as teeth, bones and hide; or man-made materials like beadwork and quillwork. Metalsmiths, beaders, carvers, and lapidaries combine these materials to create jewelry. Contemporary Native American jewelry ranges from hand-quarried and processed stones and shells to computer-fabricated steel and titanium jewelry."
},
{
"docid": "D2141066#0",
"title": "http://code.tutsplus.com/tutorials/the-ultimate-guide-to-htaccess-files--net-4757\nThe Ultimate Guide to .htaccess Files",
"text": "\"by Joseph Pecoraro 11 May 2009 Difficulty: Intermediate Length: Long Languages: Web Development .htaccess Apache's .htaccess configuration files have baffled countless developers. This tutorial aims to break through this confusion by focusing on examples and thorough descriptions. Among the benefits of learning .htaccess configuration is automatic gzipping of your content, providing friendlier URLs, preventing hotlinking, improving caching, and more. Looking for a Quick Solution? This article will teach you about configuring your .htaccess files manually, but if you want a simple, quick solution, try downloading .htaccess Builder from Envato Market. It lets you quickly and effortlessly deliver an htaccess file without having to remember anything about the Apache server language used to construct the htaccess file!.htaccess Builder on Envato Market Introduction: I’ve read a number of .htaccess articles online. I’ll shamelessly admit I didn’t get beyond the front page of Google results. I was shocked when I actually read the articles and found that none of them explained what Apache was actually doing. They were merely a collection of popular or useful tricks or snippets of reusable code. That is all well and good, but the classic argument is:“Give a man a fish and he will eat for a day."
},
{
"docid": "D1422488#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/FAQ/10598-3\nGunsmoke (TV and Radio Show)",
"text": "\"Wiki Answers ® Categories Entertainment & Arts TV Programming and Commercials TV Shows and Series Classic Television Gunsmoke (TV and Radio Show)Unanswered | Answered Gunsmoke (TV and Radio Show)Parent Category: Classic Television Gunsmoke was a radio show, later made into a TV series, about a US Marshall during the days of the American Old West. In this category, you can learn all about the show, from actors and settings to episodes and settings. < 2 3 4 5 >Was chester's limp on gunsmoke real or acting? Chesters' limp was acting Did Matt Dillon ever kiss any woman on Gunsmoke?yes he did he even screwed one How many episodes of Gunsmoke did Strother Martin appear in?not enough How did chester goode of Gunsmoke injure his leg? It never said. What song was almost always played in the Long Branch saloon on Gunsmoke?robert calms Where is the Gunsmoke shop based in the TV show American Guns? Gunsmoke Guns featured in the show American Guns is located in Wheat Ridge Colorado. The Full address is 9690 W 44th Ave. Wheat Ridge, CO 80033. What happened to Ken Curtis who played Festus Haggen on Gunsmoke?"
}
] |
619861
|
what did the appalachian development act of 1965 do
|
[
{
"docid": "D2817089#0",
"title": "http://www.arc.gov/adhs\nAppalachian Development Highway System",
"text": "Appalachian Development Highway System HIGHLIGHTSARC-FHWA Webinar: Economic Impacts of the Appalachian Development Highway System In this one-hour webinar held December 13, 2017, ARC and the Federal Highway Administration reviewed the key findings and methods of the 2017 study Economic Analysis of Completing the ADHS, and discussed the role the ADHS plays in the Appalachian Region's economic development. Watch the recorded webinar Download the webinar presentation (PDF: 5 MB)Appalachian Development Highway System, Feb. 25, 2018ADHS Status Report Available Status of ADHS corridors by state, as of September 30, 2017. Status of the Appalachian Development Highway System 2017 (PDF: 8.4 MB)In 1964, the President's Appalachian Regional Commission (PARC) reported to Congress that economic growth in Appalachia would not be possible until the Region's isolation had been overcome. Because the cost of building highways through Appalachia's mountainous terrain was high, the Region had never been served by adequate roads. Its network of narrow, winding, two-lane roads, snaking through narrow stream valleys or over mountaintops, was slow to drive, unsafe, and in many places worn out. The nation's interstate highway system had largely bypassed the Appalachian Region, going through or around the Region's rugged terrain as cost-effectively as possible. The PARC report and the Appalachian governors placed top priority on a modern highway system as the key to economic development. As a result, Congress authorized the construction of the Appalachian Development Highway System (ADHS) in the Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965. The ADHS was designed to generate economic development in previously isolated areas, supplement the interstate system, connect Appalachia to the interstate system, and provide access to areas within the Region as well as to markets in the rest of the nation. The ADHS is currently authorized at 3,090 miles."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D2726342#0",
"title": "http://www.socialstudieshelp.com/Lesson_104_Notes.htm\n.",
"text": "\"How do JFK and LBJ compare as Presidents? The 1960's where a very turbulent period. America needed leaders who could react to enormous public pressure and meet the challenges of a nation moving towards a new modern era. Presidents Kennedy and Johnson had to deal with civil rights issues, the cold war, the Vietnam and the social upheaval of the turbulent sixties. Kennedy has a wonderful reputation, but was he really the better President? Click here to read great quotes by Kennedy and Johnson. I. John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Baines Johnson A. What types of issues did Kennedy and Johnson have to deal with in the sixties?1. Cold War2. Civil Rights protests, riots3. Vietnam4."
},
{
"docid": "D479748#0",
"title": "http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/s/Southern_United_States.htm\nSouthern United States",
"text": "\"Southern United States Related subjects: North American Geography Background to the schools Wikipedia This Schools selection was originally chosen by SOS Children for schools in the developing world without internet access. It is available as a intranet download. SOS Children works in 45 African countries; can you help a child in Africa? The Southern United States as defined by the United States Census Bureau. See also the map of the Deep South. The Southern United States —commonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South — is an area in the southeastern and south-central United States. The region is known for its distinct culture and history, having developed its own customs, musical styles and varied cuisines that have helped distinguish it from the rest of the United States. The South has traditionally shown the strongest instances and rules favoring racism against Blacks and Hispanics. The Southern ethnic heritage is diverse. The central factor has been the consequence of plantation dependence on slave labor; the presence of a large proportion of African Americans in the population; and the Reconstruction Era after the Civil War."
},
{
"docid": "D2881247#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_West_Virginia\nHistory of West Virginia",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search A view of the New River in West Virginia, the world's third-oldest river geologically History of West Virginia By year Prehistory (before 17th c.)Protohistory U. S. Civil War Since 1900Topics: African-Americans - Environment - Politics West Virginia portalv t e West Virginia is one of two American states formed during the American Civil War (1861–1865), along with Nevada, and is the only state to form by seceding from a Confederate state. It was originally part of the British Virginia Colony (1607–1776) and the western part of the state of Virginia (1776–1863), whose population became sharply divided over the issue of secession from the Union and in the separation from Virginia, formalized by admittance to the Union as a new state in 1863. West Virginia was one of the Civil War Border states. West Virginia's history was profoundly affected by its mountainous terrain, spectacular river valleys, and rich natural resources. These were all factors driving its economy and the lifestyles of residents, as well as drawing visitors to the \"\"Mountain State\"\" in the early 21st century. Contents [ hide ]1 Prehistory2 European exploration and settlement2.1 Early river traffic3 Trans-Allegheny Virginia, 1776–18613.1 John Brown at Harpers Ferry, 18594 Civil War and split4.1 Separation4.2 Legality4.3 Civil War4.4 Enduring disputes5 Resources5.1 Salt5.2 Timber5.3 Coal5.3.1 Accidents in coal mines5.4 Early railroads, shipping to East Coast and Great Lakes5.5 New competitor helps open \"\"Billion Dollar Coalfield\"\"5.6 Labor, ecology issues6 20th century6.1 State hatcheries and tourism industry6.2 World War II6.3 School integration6.4 Vietnam War7 See also8 Notes9 References and bibliography9.1 Surveys9.2 Scholarly secondary studies9.3 Pre 18779.4 Since 187710 External links10.1 Primary sources Prehistory [ edit]Further information: Prehistory of West Virginia Further information: Protohistory of West Virginia1715 Nicolas de Fer map showing the Native American areas known as Tionontatacaga and Calicuas The area now known as West Virginia was a favorite hunting ground of numerous Native American peoples before the arrival of European settlers. Many ancient earthen mounds constructed by various mound builder cultures survive, especially in the areas of Moundsville, South Charleston, and Romney. The artifacts uncovered in these give evidence of a village society having a tribal trade system culture that practiced the cold working of copper to a limited extent. As of 2009, over 12,500 archaeological sites have been documented in West Virginia (Bryan Ward 2009:10). [ 1]Paleo-Indian culture appears by 10,500 BC in West Virginia passing along the major river valleys and ridge-line gap watersheds."
},
{
"docid": "D303768#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appalachia\nAppalachia",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the region in the United States. For other uses, see Appalachia (disambiguation). Appalachia Region Downtown Roanoke, Virginia, from atop Mill Mountain Areas included under the Appalachian Regional Commission 's charter Coordinates: 38.80°N 81.00°WCoordinates: 38.80°N 81.00°WCounties or county-equivalents 420States 13Population (2010)• Total 25 million Demonym (s) Appalachian Appalachia ( / ˌ æ p ə ˈ l æ tʃ ə, - ˈ l eɪ tʃ ə /) is a cultural region in the Eastern United States that stretches from the Southern Tier of New York to northern Alabama, Mississippi and Georgia. [ 1] While the Appalachian Mountains stretch from Belle Isle (Newfoundland and Labrador) in Canada to Cheaha Mountain in Alabama, the cultural region of Appalachia typically refers only to the central and southern portions of the range. As of the 2010 United States Census, the region was home to approximately 25 million people. [ 2]Since its recognition as a distinctive region in the late 19th century, Appalachia has been a source of enduring myths and distortions regarding the isolation, temperament, and behavior of its inhabitants. Early 20th century writers often engaged in yellow journalism focused on sensationalistic aspects of the region's culture, such as moonshining and clan feuding, and often portrayed the region's inhabitants as uneducated and prone to impulsive acts of violence. Sociological studies in the 1960s and 1970s helped to re-examine and dispel these stereotypes. [ 3]While endowed with abundant natural resources, Appalachia has long struggled and been associated with poverty. In the early 20th century, large-scale logging and coal mining firms brought wage-paying jobs and modern amenities to Appalachia, but by the 1960s the region had failed to capitalize on any long-term benefits [4] from these two industries."
},
{
"docid": "D3520088#0",
"title": "https://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/music-country.htm\nHistory of Country Music",
"text": "\"History of Country Music This page looks at the vocabulary of Country Music through its history, people and songs. For other genres see Popular Music Genres. Country music was one of the first genres of modern American popular music, and old-time music was its earliest style. It developed in the southeastern states of the USA as a mix of folk music from the British Isles, church music and African American blues. It was played on instruments like acoustic guitar, mandolin, autoharp, fiddle and the banjo. Old-time music was first recorded in the 1920s, with recordings of the Carter Family becoming the most popular. A. P. Carter collected folk songs and also wrote new songs, and he sang them in harmony with his guitar-playing sister-in-law Maybelle and his wife Sarah, who also played autoharp. Songs like Can The Circle Be Unbroken (By and By) and Wildwood Flower became hit records, and the Carter Family became the first stars of country music. Illustrated top right: The Carter Family in 1927, with Maybelle playing guitar and Sarah playing autoharp. Photo: Victor Talking Machine Company / Public Domain Share on: Twitter, Google+, Facebook Jimmie Rodgers, another of country music's earliest stars, was recorded at the same recording sessions as the Carters."
},
{
"docid": "D963022#0",
"title": "http://ilovemountains.org/resources\nWhat is mountaintop removal coal mining?",
"text": "What is mountaintop removal coal mining? Mountaintop removal is a relatively new type of coal mining that began in Appalachia in the 1970s as an extension of conventional strip mining techniques. Primarily, mountaintop removal is occurring in West Virginia, Kentucky, Virginia and Tennessee. Coal companies in Appalachia are increasingly using this method because it allows for almost complete recovery of coal seams while reducing the number of workers required to a fraction of what conventional methods require. The US Environmental Protection Agency defines mountaintop removal as follows:“Mountaintop removal/valley fill is a mining practice where the tops of mountains are removed, exposing the seams of coal. Mountaintop removal can involve removing 500 feet or more of the summit to get at buried seams of coal. The earth from the mountaintop is then dumped in the neighboring valleys. ”There are 6 main components of the mountaintop removal process: CLEARING Before mining can begin, all topsoil and vegetation must be removed. Because coal companies frequently are responding to short-term fluctuations in the price of coal, the trees are often not used commercially, but instead are burned or sometimes illegally dumped into valleys. BLASTING Many Appalachian coal seams lie deep beneath the surface of the mountains."
},
{
"docid": "D756080#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_State_Route_32\nOhio State Route 32",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search State Route 32James A. Rhodes Appalachian Highway Route of SR 32 in southern Ohio highlighted in red Route information Maintained by ODOTLength 182.71 mi [2] (294.04 km)Existed 1962 [1] – present Major junctions West end US 50 in Cincinnati I-275 in Union Township East end WV 618 on Parkersburg-Belpre Bridge in Belpre Highway system Ohio Highways Interstate U. S. State Scenic← SR 31 US 33 →← I-74 I-75 →In Jackson County, State Route 32 overpasses U. S. Route 35 as State Route 93 (background) overpasses U. S. 35In southwestern Athens County, State Route 32 is concurrent with U. S. Route 50. U. S. Route 33 during its brief concurrency with U. S. Route 50 and State Route 32 in Athens. State Route 32, also known as SR 32 and the James A. Rhodes Appalachian Highway, [3] is a major east–west highway across the southern portion of the U. S. state of Ohio. It is the eighth longest state route in Ohio. It leads from eastern Cincinnati, near the border between the neighborhoods of Linwood, Mount Lookout, and Columbia-Tusculum, to the Parkersburg-Belpre Bridge across the Ohio River in Belpre. Except in Belpre, leading up to the bridge into West Virginia, the entire route outside Cincinnati's beltway ( Interstate 275) is a high-speed four-lane divided highway, forming the Ohio portion of Corridor D of the Appalachian Development Highway System. This corridor continues east across the Ohio River over the Blennerhassett Island Bridge. Contents [ hide ]1 History2 Future3 Major intersections4 References History [ edit]The Batavia Turnpike and Miami Bridge Company was incorporated and chartered by the state of Ohio. It built a road, which was \"\"about finished\"\" as of 1841, beginning at the Wooster Turnpike (Eastern Avenue), crossing the Little Miami River on the Union Bridge, and turning east to Batavia. [ 4] [5] The Ohio Turnpike to Bethel split after the Little Miami was crossed."
},
{
"docid": "D554352#0",
"title": "https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/countryboys/readings/appalachia.html\n",
"text": "\"Introduction Floyd County in eastern Kentucky, where \"\"Country Boys\"\" was filmed, is located in the geographic center of America's Appalachian region (see map). Eastern Kentucky's history epitomizes the problems that have long plagued the larger region: poverty, unemployment, poor education, and a troubled relationship with the coal industry. While \"\"Country Boys\"\" chronicles how Chris and Cody's lives defy many of the stereotypes commonly associated with the region, it also shows how their community still lives with the legacy of Appalachia's past. Here's an overview of that past as it unfolded in Kentucky. The New Frontier (1767-1775)Follow Daniel Boone's 1775 journey through the Cumberland Gap and into central Kentucky. In 1767, Boone first ventured into the Appalachian Mountains of eastern Kentucky, to winter at Salt Spring, present-day David, Ky. Early in eastern Kentucky's history, its isolated wilderness attracted frontiersmen and other rugged individualists who disliked the growth of towns and the disappearance of the unsettled countryside in the East. In 1767, when legendary woodsman Daniel Boone first reached Salt Spring (the present-day town of David, Ky.), just a handful of white men had ever ventured into the Appalachian Mountains of eastern Kentucky. The area was considered too dangerous due to the ongoing battles between French and British colonial powers and the Native American tribes who claimed hunting rights to the mountains: the Shawnee in the north and the Cherokee in the south. However, after the British defeated the French and later the Shawnee, the area was considered open for settlement, and in 1775, the Transylvania Company, a land speculation firm, hired Boone to establish the first settlement in what they hoped would become a new colony. That year, Boone and more than 30 other settlers first passed through the famous Cumberland Gap and established the settlement of Fort Boonesborough in the fertile bluegrass region of central Kentucky."
},
{
"docid": "D2053922#0",
"title": "http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Appalachian_Mountains\nAppalachian Mountains",
"text": "\"Previous (Apostolic Succession) Next (Appearance and Reality)The Monongahela National Forest; photo taken from slopes of Back Allegheny Mountain looking east The Appalachian Mountains are a vast system of North American mountain ranges. They lie partly in Canada, but mostly in the United States, forming a zone, from 150-500 kilometers (approx. 90 to 300 miles) wide, running 2,400 km (1,500 miles) south and westward from Newfoundland and Labrador in Canada to central Alabama in the United States, with foothills in northeastern Mississippi. The northernmost mainland portion ends at Quebec 's Gaspé Peninsula. The Appalachians are some of the oldest mountains on the planet, predating the formation of the North American continent. The mountain chain system is divided into a series of ranges, with the individual mountains averaging a height of 900 m (3,000 feet). The highest of the group is Mt. Mitchell in North Carolina at 2,037 m (6,684 feet), which is the highest point in the United States east of the Mississippi River, as well as in all of eastern North America. The term Appalachia is used to refer to different regions associated with the mountain range. Most broadly, it refers to the entire mountain range with its surrounding hills and the dissected plateau region. However, the term is often used more restrictively to refer to regions in the central and southern Appalachian Mountains, usually including areas in the states of Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia, and sometimes extending as far south as northern Georgia and western South Carolina, as far north as Pennsylvania, and as far west as southeastern Ohio."
},
{
"docid": "D1783163#0",
"title": "http://mcclungmuseum.utk.edu/appalachians-tennessee-river-geologic-history/\nAppalachians and Little Tennessee River Geologic History, Occasional Paper No. 23",
"text": "Appalachians and Little Tennessee River Geologic History, Occasional Paper No. 23Occasional Papersby Dr. Robert D. Hatcher, Jr, UT Distinguished Scientist and Professor, Tectonics and Structural Geology, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Science Alliance Center of Excellence The Little Tennessee is a tributary of the modern Tennessee River that has its headwaters in the Blue Ridge of north Georgia and joins the Tennessee in the Valley and Ridge of East Tennessee. This river drains a microcosm of Appalachian geology. The Appalachians extend from the continental margin off Newfoundland some 3,000 km (2,000 mi) southwestward to the subsurface beneath the Coastal Plain of South Alabama and Georgia. The chain was named by the Spanish in the 1500s for a Native American tribe, the Apalachis, who lived far south of the mountains in southern Georgia and northern Florida. The chain reaches its narrowest point in the area immediately west of New York City, and from there widens both to the north and south. This narrowing attribute is not related to lack of exposure because of the Coastal Plain overlap, but is a property of the crust. Click to enlarge Appalachian crust had its beginnings around 750 million years ago (Neoproterozoic time) when a supercontinent called Rodinia that formed ~1 billion years ago began to break up, and the continents of North America and Africa began to separate (Fig. 1). The separation process initially formed a system of rifts similar to today’s East African rift valleys, but the rifting process continued until a small ocean like today’s Red Sea began to develop between North America and Africa."
},
{
"docid": "D2411704#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Dooley_(song)\nTom Dooley (song)",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( July 2014) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)\"\"Tom Dooley\"\"Song Written Unknown Genre Folk Songwriter (s) Thomas Land Audio samplefile help\"\" Tom Dooley \"\" is a North Carolina folk song based on the 1866 murder of a woman named Laura Foster in Wilkes County, North Carolina, allegedly by Tom Dula. The song is best known today because of a hit version recorded in 1958 by The Kingston Trio. This version was a multi-format hit, which reached #1 in Billboard and the Billboard R&B listing, and appeared in the Cashbox Country Music Top 20. It fits within the wider genre of Appalachian \"\"sweetheart murder ballads \"\". The song was selected as one of the American Songs of the Century by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), the National Endowment for the Arts, and Scholastic Inc. Members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time. [ 1]A local poet named Thomas Land wrote a song about the tragedy, titled \"\"Tom Dooley\"\" (which was how Dula's name was pronounced), shortly after Dula was hanged. [ 2] [3] In the documentary Appalachian Journey (1991), folklorist Alan Lomax inaccurately describes Frank Proffitt as the \"\"original source\"\" for the song. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1153237#0",
"title": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2689551/\nHuman Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Availability, Recommendations, Cost, and Policies Among Health Departments in Seven Appalachian States",
"text": "Vaccine. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 May 21. Published in final edited form as: Vaccine. 2009 May 21; 27 (24): 3195–3200. Published online 2009 Apr 7. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.03.042PMCID: PMC2689551NIHMSID: NIHMS105776Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Availability, Recommendations, Cost, and Policies Among Health Departments in Seven Appalachian States Mira L. Katz, 1 Paul L. Reiter, 1 Brenda C. Kluhsman, 2 Stephenie Kennedy, 3 Sharon Dwyer, 4Nancy Schoenberg, 5 Andy Johnson, 7 Gretchen Ely, 6 Karen A. Roberto, 4 Eugene J. Lengerich, 2Pamela Brown, 3 Electra D. Paskett, 1 and Mark Dignan 7Author information ► Copyright and License information ►The publisher's final edited version of this article is available at Vaccine See other articles in PMC that cite the published article. Go to: Abstract Telephone interviews of health department personnel in six states and review of an immunization database from one state were conducted to assess human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine availability, recommendations, cost, policies, and educational materials in health departments in seven Appalachian states. Most (99.1%) health departments (n=234) reported receiving patient requests for the HPV vaccine, and only two (1%) health departments reported that they did not provide the vaccine for patients. HPV vaccine supply was reported to not meet demand in 10.5% (24/228) of health departments due to high costs. Level (state, region, county) at which policy about the HPV vaccine was determined, vaccine recommendations, costs, and available educational materials varied among states."
},
{
"docid": "D1096510#0",
"title": "http://www.sonoma.edu/users/w/wallsd/environmental-movement.shtml\nEnvironmental Movement",
"text": "\"Environmental Movement (PDF: 101k)Environmentalism is the most popular social movement in the United States today. Five million American households contribute to national environmental organizations, which together receive over $350 million in contributions from all sources. On the local level some 6,000 environmental groups are active. Seventy-five percent of Americans in 1989 identified themselves as environmentalists -- all the more remarkable given that twenty-five years before there were no \"\"environmentalists\"\" and ecology was an obscure branch of biological science. In 1965 there were no more than a half-dozen national conservation organizations with citizen members and some degree of influence, and most were on a shaky financial footing. Although conservationists were beginning to win important victories preserving wilderness and protecting air and water from pollution, no one anticipated the explosion of activism that was about to take place. The roots of the American environmental movement are nourished by New England transcendentalism. When Henry David Thoreau left Concord in 1845 to write and study nature for two years at Waldon Pond, he became the harbinger of twentieth century conservationists who would preserve the natural world for its beauty and potential for spiritual enlightenment, not merely for its practical value. In an era when vast portions of the country remained unsettled, few of Thoreau's fellow citizens embraced his vision. Only well after the Civil War, perhaps not until the figurative closing of the frontier in 1890, would any significant number of Americans share a sense that the bounty of the nation is not limitless, that progress threatens the very survival of native forests and wildlife, and that nature and wilderness contain an antidote to the ills of industrial civilization."
},
{
"docid": "D1601557#0",
"title": "https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Existing_U.S._Coal_Plants\nExisting U.S. Coal Plants",
"text": "\"navigation search This article is part of the Coal Issues portal on Source Watch, a project of Coal Swarm and the Center for Media and Democracy. See here for help on adding material to Coal Swarm. This article is part of the Coal Swarm coverage of coal plants Sub-articles: Existing U. S. coal plants Proposed U. S. coal plants Proposed coal plants (international)Coal plant retirements Campus coal plants Coal plants near residential areas Former coal plants Proposed synfuels plants (U. S.)To see a nationwide list of over 600 coal plants in the United States, click here. To see a listing of coal plants in a particular state, click on the map: This page provides information on existing U. S. coal-fired power plants. For a list of proposed coal plants and coal plants that are under construction, click here. Contents [ hide ]1 Overview2 U. S. coal-fired power production in the global context3 U. S. coal production in a global context4 Stagnant capacity, declining output5 State-by-state output6 Lower family incomes in coal states7 Size comparison of coal plants8 Age comparison of coal plants9 Plant retirements and conversions10 Ownership of existing U. S. coal-fired generating stations11 Cost of electricity from existing coal plants12 External costs of existing coal plants13 Impact of climate change legislation on existing coal plants14 Retrofitting existing coal plants for carbon capture15 SO 2 pollution and pollution controls16 Oldest existing coal plants17 2010 Report: New EPA regulations could make old coal plants prohibitively expensive18 Data sources on existing coal plants19 Resources19.1 References19.2 Related Source Watch Resources19.3 External Links Overview The decline of U. S. coal 2012-2016. For the twelve months ending in March 2013, United States' coal plants produced 1,517,203 gigawatt hours of electricity, or 37.4 percent of total U. S. electricity production. [ 1] At the peak year of coal's contribution to U. S. power production, 1988, coal produced 57.0% of U. S. power. [ 2] [3] Coal's share in power production has fallen due to major increases in production from natural gas and smaller increases from nuclear and wind. As of 2011, the Energy Information Administration listed 589 coal-fired power plants in the U. S., down from 633 coal-fired power plants in 2002."
},
{
"docid": "D2116428#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/76856051/apush-ch-27-flash-cards/\nAPUSH Ch. 27",
"text": "\"80 terms aimeetotheinfinity APUSH Ch. 27Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Segregation was commonly known as _________ in the South. Jim Crow Rural African Americans labored in a (n) __________ system that trapped them in poverty. sharecropping The NAACP was founded in the year 1909. A. Phillip __________ threatened FDR with a march on Washington to stop racial discrimination in wartime industry. Randolph In 1943, a race riot broke out in the city of Detroit. The __________ outlawed racial discrimination in employment. Civil Rights Act of 1964In 1964, black organizations and churches mounted a major civil rights campaign in Mississippi known as Freedom Summer. The ______________ Freedom Democratic Party attended the 1964 Democrat National Convention. Mississippi Martin Luther King, Jr., issued the \"\"I Have a __________\"\" speech at the March on Washington in 1963."
},
{
"docid": "D2817086#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_Appalachian_Development_Act_of_1965\nWhat was the Appalachian Development Act of 1965?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society Politics and Government What was the Appalachian Development Act of 1965? Flag What was the Appalachian Development Act of 1965? Edit Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. The Appalachian Development Act of 1965 was part of President Johnson's War on Poverty. The Act provided money for the development of the Appalachian region of the United States. This region was suffering from intense poverty and a lack of development.2 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Don Dfoofnik 4,377,171 Contributions There are three kinds of answers: ones that are mostly right, ones that are mostly wrong, and those that once were right but now are wrong. What was the voting rights act of 1965? The Voting Rights Act of 1965 eliminated literacy tests and stated that federal examiners could enroll voters who had been denied suffrage by local officials. It was a compan …Ranger22 53,811 Contributions What was the Immigration Act of 1965?"
},
{
"docid": "D3325389#0",
"title": "https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-us-history/period-8/apush-civil-rights-movement/a/the-civil-rights-act-of-1964-and-the-voting-rights-act-of-1965\nOverview",
"text": "\"Overview The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was the most comprehensive civil rights legislation ever enacted by Congress. It contained extensive measures to dismantle Jim Crow segregation and combat racial discrimination. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 removed barriers to black enfranchisement in the South, banning poll taxes, literacy tests, and other measures that effectively prevented African Americans from voting. Segregationists attempted to prevent the implementation of federal civil rights legislation at the local level. The Civil Rights Act of 1964After years of activist lobbying in favor of comprehensive civil rights legislation, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was enacted in June 1964. Though President John F. Kennedy had sent the civil rights bill to Congress in 1963, before the March on Washington, the bill had stalled in the Judiciary Committee due to the dilatory tactics of Southern segregationist senators such as James Eastland, a Democrat from Mississippi. 1 After the assassination of President Kennedy in November 1963, his successor, Lyndon Baines Johnson, gave top priority to the passage of the bill. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 contained provisions barring discrimination and segregation in education, public facilities, jobs, and housing. It created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to ensure fair hiring practices, and established a federal Community Relations Service to assist local communities with civil rights issues. The bill also authorized the US Office of Education to distribute financial aid to communities struggling to desegregate public schools."
},
{
"docid": "D1151639#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_voting_rights_act_outlaw\nWhat did the voting rights act outlaw?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History Decade - 1940s What did the voting rights act outlaw? Flag What did the voting rights act outlaw? Answer by KIA6182 Confidence votes 116It outlawed discriminatory voting practices against African Americans. Some states had previously excluded legitimate black voters by means of a literacy test, etc. This became unlawful with the Voting Rights Act which forbade any and all discriminatory qualifications.1 person found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Don Dfoofnik 4,377,641 Contributions There are three kinds of answers: ones that are mostly right, ones that are mostly wrong, and those that once were right but now are wrong. What was the voting rights act of 1965? The Voting Rights Act of 1965 eliminated literacy tests and stated that federal examiners could enroll voters who had been denied suffrage by local officials. It was a compan …The voting rights act of 1965 did what? The voting rights act of 1965 gave African-Americans the right to vote."
},
{
"docid": "D2817091#0",
"title": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/topn/appalachian_regional_development_act_of_1965\nTOPN: Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965",
"text": "\"TOPN › A › Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965TOPN: Appalachian Regional Development Act of 19650-9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | ZWhat's in a popular name? Laws acquire popular names as they make their way through Congress. Sometimes these names say something about the substance of the law (as with the '2002 Winter Olympic Commemorative Coin Act'). Sometimes they are a way of recognizing or honoring the sponsor or creator of a particular law (as with the 'Taft-Hartley Act'). And sometimes they are meant to garner political support for a law by giving it a catchy name (as with the 'USA Patriot Act' or the 'Take Pride in America Act') or by invoking public outrage or sympathy (as with any number of laws named for victims of crimes). History books, newspapers, and other sources use the popular name to refer to these laws. Why can't these popular names easily be found in the US Code? How the US Code is built. The United States Code is meant to be an organized, logical compilation of the laws passed by Congress. At its top level, it divides the world of legislation into fifty topically-organized Titles, and each Title is further subdivided into any number of logical subtopics."
},
{
"docid": "D1032367#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarloaf_(ski_resort)\nSugarloaf (ski resort)",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about a ski resort in Maine, USA. For the mountain by the same name, see Sugarloaf Mountain (Franklin County, Maine). This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate citations to reliable, independent, third-party sources. ( January 2011) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)SUGARLOAFView of Sugarloaf from the Whiffletree Super Quad Location Carrabassett Valley, Franklin County, Maine United States Nearest city Farmington Coordinates 45°01′53″N 70°18′47″WVertical 2820 ft (859 m)Top elevation 4237 ft (1291 m)Base elevation 1417 ft (432 m)Skiable area 1,230 acres (500 ha)Runs 160Longest run 3.5 mi (5.6 km)Lift system 14Lift capacity 21,810 Skiers per hour Terrain parks 3 (+ Superpipe)Snowfall 197 in. ( 10 year average)Snowmaking 95%Night skiing No Website Sugarloaf.com Sugarloaf (formerly Sugarloaf/USA) is a ski area and resort located on Sugarloaf Mountain in Carrabassett Valley, western Maine. It is the second largest ski resort east of the Mississippi in terms of skiable area (1,230 acres or 500 ha after Killington's 1,509 acres or 611 ha) [1] [2] and snowmaking percentage (95%); its continuous vertical drop of 2,820 feet (860 m) is the second longest in New England (after Killington's 3,050 feet (930 m)). [ 3] Sugarloaf recorded a total of 352,000 skier visits in the 2005–2006 season, ranking it second among Maine resorts and 11th in New England, according to Ski Area Management magazine. [ 4] [5] [6] [7]At 4,237 feet (1291 m) Sugarloaf Mountain is second in elevation to Maine's highest peak, Mount Katahdin. The summit of Sugarloaf offers the only lift-serviced above-treeline skiing in the Northeast. ["
}
] |
619863
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what did the article of confederation not allows congress to do
|
[
{
"docid": "D2650030#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/What-were-the-powers-granted-to-Congress-under-the-Articles-of-Confederation\nWhat were the powers granted to Congress under the Articles of Confederation?",
"text": "\"Articles of Confederation U. S. Congress Government in the United States of America History of the United States of America The United States of America What were the powers granted to Congress under the Articles of Confederation?5 Answers Carter Moore, worked at U. S. Congress Answered Aug 5, 2015 · Upvoted by Marc Bodnick, former Stanford Poli Sci Ph D; student of Congress · Author has 3k answers and 11m answer views The Articles of Confederation are less known for providing powers to Congress than dictating what it was that the States could not do without Congress' consent. Still, it did enumerate quite a few powers exclusive to Congress: To declare war (and peace),To appoint and regulate officers of the land and naval forces,To build a navy,To set the size of the naval and land forces (to be fulfilled by the States),To establish rules and courts for the regulation of privateering,To send ambassadors,To entering into treaties and alliances (that didn’t affect States to regulate foreign commerce),To settle, as a last resort, disputes and differences between two or more States concerning boundary and jurisdictional disputes,To settle controversies concerning private land holders’ rights when the land is disputed by two or more States,To fix the standards of weights and measures,To regulate the trade and affairs with Native Americans (without violating State sovereignty),To establish and regulate post offices,To set the budget for the United States (to be fulfilled by the States)To borrow money, and To appoint a “caretaker” committee during Congressional recesses. But despite having all of these “powers,” Congress required permission from the States in order to act on most of them. The United States in Congress assembled shall never engage in a war, nor grant letters of marque or reprisal in time of peace, nor enter into any treaties or alliances, nor coin money, nor regulate the value thereof, nor ascertain the sums and expenses necessary for the defense and welfare of the United States, or any of them, nor emit bills, nor borrow money on the credit of the United States, nor appropriate money, nor agree upon the number of vessels of war, to be built or purchased, or the number of land or sea forces to be raised, nor appoint a commander in chief of the army or navy, unless nine States assent to the same. The weakness of the Congress under the Articles to do much of anything on their own - though in particular prevent the nation's economic ruin in the wake of the Revolution - was one of many driving reasons for the Framers to replace it with the Constitution as we know it.32k Views · View Upvoters Your response is private. Is this answer still relevant and up to date?promoted by Truth Finder Have you ever googled yourself? Do a “deep search” instead. Americans are shocked about how this new site can reveal so much more. Enter a name to begin. Learn More at truthfinder.com Related Questions More Answers Below What powers did the Articles of Confederation enable Congress to have?"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1674177#0",
"title": "http://www.studymode.com/essays/Was-Articles-Of-Confederation-a-Good-596912.html\nWas Articles of Confederation a Good Idea?",
"text": "Was Articles of Confederation a Good Idea? Topics: United States, Articles of Confederation, United States Congress Pages: 1 (351 words) Published: February 24, 2011Articles of Confederation Essay In 1777 Congress made the Articles of Confederation, the first constitution of the United States of America. Under the Articles of Confederation Congress had several powers which were; authority to conduct foreign affairs, maintain armed forces, borrow money, and issue currency. Although Congress had powers, their powers were limited. Due to problems with British, the 13 states refused to give Congress two important powers. These powers were that Congress had no power to enforce its laws and no power to tax. Congress could ask for money, but could not demand it. Congress unfortunately could not require the states to do anything. Without money or real power over the states, the Congress commanded so little respect that its members often did not bother to attend sessions. By 1781 all 13 states had approved the Articles of Confederation."
},
{
"docid": "D2034124#0",
"title": "http://theweakerparty.wikispaces.com/The+United+States+Constitution\nThe United States Constitution",
"text": "\"The United States Constitution Edit 0 72 …0 Tags No tags Notify RSSBacklinks Source Print Export (PDF)The United States Constitution Power Points: 2301-3-USConstitution-spring2012.ppt Details Download 683 KBThis week we cover both the United States and Texas Constitutions. A constitution is a set of rules that outline the basic structure of a government and generally includes an outline of the design of its institutions and its basic powers and limitations. Constitutions, at least since the ratification of the American Constitution, tend to be written out, but some, notably the British Constitution are not, and are simply the embodiment of the organic development of governmental institutions. As we will see, the nature of a constitution's design has ramifications for how power is distributed in society. Fights over both constitutional language and how that language is subsequently interpreted are reflections of this struggle. In American history this struggle boils down to those who want power concentrated at the state level, and those who want power at the national level. In the text below I'll outline the nature of this struggle and how the Constitution ratified in 1789 is best seen as being an uneasy compromise between these two camps. We will also look at the Texas Constitution as well as the nature of state constitutions. State constitutions tend to be longer than the national constitution and Texas is no exception. Only Alabama has a longer constitution."
},
{
"docid": "D252003#0",
"title": "http://www.historynet.com/african-americans-in-the-civil-war\nAfrican Americans In The Civil War",
"text": "\"African Americans In The Civil War Facts, information and articles about African Americans In The Civil War, from Black History African Americans In The Civil War summary: African-Americans served in the in the Civil War on both the Union and Confederate side. In the Union army, over 179,000 African American men served in over 160 units, as well as more serving in the Navy and in support positions. This number comprised of both northern free African Americans and runaway slaves from the South who enlisted to fight. In the Confederacy, African-Americans were still slaves and they served mostly in labor positions. By 1865, the South allowed slaves to enlist but very few actually did. African-Americans In the Union Army At the onset of the Civil War, free black men rushed to volunteer for service with the Union forces. Although African Americans had served in the army and navy during the American Revolution and in the War of 1812 (few, if any served in the Mexican War), they were not permitted to enlist because of a 1792 law that barred them from bearing arms in the U. S. Army. President Abraham Lincoln also feared that accepting black men into the military would cause border states like Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri to secede. Free black men were finally permitted to enlist late in 1862, following the passage of the Second Confiscation and Militia Act, which freed slaves who had masters in the Confederate Army, and Lincoln’s signing of the Emancipation Proclamation. By May 1863, the Bureau of Colored Troops was established to manage black enlistees."
},
{
"docid": "D1605403#0",
"title": "http://blogs.loc.gov/law/2011/09/the-articles-of-confederation-the-first-constitution-of-the-united-states/\nThe Articles of Confederation: The First Constitution of the United States",
"text": "The Articles of Confederation: The First Constitution of the United States September 16, 2011 by Christine Sellers The following is a guest post by James Martin, a Collections and Outreach Specialist, in observation of Constitution Day on September 17, 2011. The need for a united policy during the War of Independence led the thirteen states to draft and approve an organic document for a national government. In 1776, the Continental Congress created a committee to draft such a document . In 1777, the committee reported a draft that had been prepared by Delegate John Dickinson . After a period of debate and addition of amendments, the text was approved by the Congress and submitted to the states for ratification. Unlike the current Constitution, all thirteen states had to approve the Articles before it would be in effect. A number of years elapsed between the approval of the draft of the Articles of Confederation by the Continental Congress in late 1777 and the ratification by the final state in 1781. Articles of Confederation Under the Articles of Confederation, the power of the national government was exclusively centered in the Congress. The Congress, called the “Congress of the Confederation” under the Articles, was based upon the institutions of the Second Continental Congress and, as such, was a unicameral body where each state had one vote. The Articles provided for the annual appointment of delegates to the Congress, for the recall of delegates, and for the minimum and maximum number of delegates that would make up each state’s delegation."
},
{
"docid": "D841111#0",
"title": "http://www.historynet.com/confederacy\nConfederacy",
"text": "\"Confederacy Information, Summary and Articles about the Confederate States during the American Civil War Confederacy Facts Confederate States South Carolina Mississippi Florida Alabama Georgia Louisiana Texas Virginia Arkansas Tennessee North Carolina Confederacy President Jefferson Davis Vice President: Alexander Stephens Conferate Capital Montgomery, Alabama (to May 1861) Richmond, Virginia (May 1861-1865)Confederacy Articles Explore articles from the History Net archives about Confederacy» See all Confederacy Articles The Confederacy, when used within or in reference to North America, generally means the Confederate States of America. It is also called the Southern Confederacy and refers to 11 states that renounced their existing agreement with others of the United States in 1860–1861 and attempted to establish a new nation in which the authority of the central government would be strictly limited and the institution of slavery would be protected. Secession from the existing Union led to the American Civil War, a bloody, four-year struggle that left much of the South in ashes and ended its hope of creating a new confederacy of states on the North American continent. Differences Between North and South For at least three decades leading up to the schism the northern and southern regions of the United States had been growing farther apart. The North became increasingly industrialized and found a ready source of inexpensive labor in the swarms of European immigrants, particularly the Irish and Germans who came in large numbers during the potato famine in those countries. The North was more inclined toward having the federal government pay all or part of the costs of internal improvements such as canals, railroads, and lighthouses. The South remained primarily agrarian and its large farms, or plantations, depended predominately on slave labor. It opposed federal money being spent for internal improvements because at the time tariffs were the primary source of federal income. High tariffs protected the industrial goods of the North but not the cotton and tobacco of the South, where the tariffs only raised the cost of imported goods Southerners depended on. The slave-holding states of the South drew closer to each other and farther from their Northern brethren."
},
{
"docid": "D3319868#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/What-were-the-achievements-of-the-American-government-under-the-Articles-of-Confederation\nWhat were the achievements of the American government under the Articles of Confederation?",
"text": "Articles of Confederation Founding Fathers of the United States Achievements U. S. Constitution Government in the United States of America History of the United States of America Government The United States of America What were the achievements of the American government under the Articles of Confederation?11 Answers William Murphy, Professor of American History Answered Oct 22, 2016 · Author has 1.7k answers and 6.8m answer views There weren’t many actual accomplishments, because the Articles were designed to make it difficult for the national government to do very much. But easily the most important achievement of the Articles government was the resolution of a series of territorial disputes among the states and the establishment of a process by which territories could eventually be admitted as new states, equal to the original 13, under the land ordinances of 1784–1787. At the end of the American Revolution, Great Britain ceded to the United States all territory east of the Mississippi river. But that included a lot of territory that was not part of any state; the old colonial boundaries had mainly stopped at the Appalachian Mountains. Almost immediately, a number of individual states laid claim to portions of these new territories as their own property. In several cases, multiple states laid claim to the same territories. At a time when the bonds of union between the states were still very loose, there was a real possibility this could cause a conflict between states that would rip the new country apart. Instead, a series of Ordinances passed by the Confederation Congress between 1784 and 1787, required the states to surrender their individual claims to the national government, which would be responsible for managing all territories on behalf of all the states, until those territories could be settled and apply for statehood. Here’s a map that details some of the territorial claims that had to be settled The most famous and important of these ordinances was the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. This Ordinance established national control over the territories that would eventually become the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin."
},
{
"docid": "D1519676#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/What-two-things-motivated-the-Founding-Fathers-to-write-the-Constitution-How-was-this-implemented-politically-and-economically-in-the-Constitution\nWhat two things motivated the Founding Fathers to write the Constitution? How was this implemented politically and economically in the Constitution?",
"text": "B. F. Caffrey, Retired systems analyst, Constitutional studies SJUAnswered Sep 19, 2016 · Author has 533 answers and 1.9m answer views Every nation needs a founding “charter” or basic declaration of the principles under which it will operate. If you form a country without one you end up with anarchy and dozens of idiots trying to declare themselves the King, Ruler, Dictator, President-for-life or the Supreme Ultimate Grand Poobah of the nation. Having rules and laws lets everyone understand what (and who) has valid authority. It also prevents people from claiming they’re a tax collector — or the police. We don’t need no badges! I don’t have to show you any stinkin’ badges!The second motivation for the Constitution was to establish a system of government that would hold the rights of the individual above those of The State and to limit the powers of government to those things they believed were necessary and no more than that. For instance, if you look at the Constitution to see what Congress can do you’ll find a nice list in Article I, Section 8. But Section 9 sets down things Congress may not do in explicit terms. Can’t prohibit states from accepting migrants or slaves until 1808, but it can tax the importation of slaves. Suspend the writ of habeas corpus except in specific cases."
},
{
"docid": "D2838971#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/77680496/us-constitution-flash-cards/\nUS Constitution",
"text": "\"83 terms coursincivics US Constitutiongovernment/separation of powers, SS.7. C.1.7, Federalists and Anti-Federalists, SS.7. C.1.8, Rule of law, SS.7. C.1.9,Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort After the Declaration of Independence was put into action, each state was ready to govern themselves. There was one main reason why they had to unite though. Explain. The second continental congress realized that 13 individual states could not fight the British, so they had to unite to form a single strong army. Define confederation. A group of individual state governments that unite for a common purpose. What was the first constitution of the United States of America called?"
},
{
"docid": "D2849422#0",
"title": "https://blogs.loc.gov/law/2011/09/the-articles-of-confederation-the-first-constitution-of-the-united-states/\nThe Articles of Confederation: The First Constitution of the United States",
"text": "The Articles of Confederation: The First Constitution of the United States September 16, 2011 by Christine Sellers The following is a guest post by James Martin, a Collections and Outreach Specialist, in observation of Constitution Day on September 17, 2011. The need for a united policy during the War of Independence led the thirteen states to draft and approve an organic document for a national government. In 1776, the Continental Congress created a committee to draft such a document . In 1777, the committee reported a draft that had been prepared by Delegate John Dickinson . After a period of debate and addition of amendments, the text was approved by the Congress and submitted to the states for ratification. Unlike the current Constitution, all thirteen states had to approve the Articles before it would be in effect. A number of years elapsed between the approval of the draft of the Articles of Confederation by the Continental Congress in late 1777 and the ratification by the final state in 1781. Articles of Confederation Under the Articles of Confederation, the power of the national government was exclusively centered in the Congress. The Congress, called the “Congress of the Confederation” under the Articles, was based upon the institutions of the Second Continental Congress and, as such, was a unicameral body where each state had one vote. The Articles provided for the annual appointment of delegates to the Congress, for the recall of delegates, and for the minimum and maximum number of delegates that would make up each state’s delegation."
},
{
"docid": "D2913111#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Continental_Congress\nPresident of the Continental Congress",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is part of a series on the United States Continental Congress Predecessors Albany Congress 1754Stamp Act Congress 17651st Continental Congress Declaration and Resolves Continental Association Petition to the King2nd Continental Congress Olive Branch Petition Committee of Secret Correspondence Necessity of Taking Up Arms Lee Resolution Declaration of Independence Model Treaty Articles of Confederation Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture Congress of the Confederation Bank of North America Land Ordinance of 1784 / of 1785Northwest Ordinance of 1787Members List of delegates Presidents of the Continental Congress Secretary of the Continental Congress United States portalv t e The president of the Continental Congress was the presiding officer of the Continental Congress, the convention of delegates that emerged as the first ( transitional) national government of the United States during the American Revolution. The president was a member of Congress elected by the other delegates to serve as a neutral discussion moderator during meetings of Congress. Designed to be a largely ceremonial position without much influence, the office was unrelated to the later office of President of the United States. [ 1] Upon the ratification of the Articles of Confederation (the new nation's first constitution) in March 1781, the Continental Congress became the Congress of the Confederation. The membership of the Second Continental Congress carried over without interruption to the First Congress of the Confederation, as did the office of president. Fourteen men served as president of Congress between September 1774 and November 1788. They came from 9 of the original 13 states: Virginia (3), Massachusetts (2), Pennsylvania (2), South Carolina (2), Connecticut (1), Delaware (1), Maryland (1), New Jersey (1), and New York (1). The median age at the time of election was 47. [ 2]Contents [ hide ]1 Role2 Term of office3 List of presidents4 Relationship to the President of the United States5 See also6 References6.1 Works cited7 External links Role [ edit]The president of Congress was, by design, a position with little authority. [ 3] The Continental Congress, fearful of concentrating political power in an individual, gave their presiding officer even less responsibility than the speakers in the lower houses of the colonial assemblies. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1903992#0",
"title": "http://www.revolutionary-war-and-beyond.com/10th-amendment.html\nThe 10th Amendment",
"text": "\"The 10th Amendment The 10th Amendment to the United States Constitution is a guarantee of States' rights. The Constitution designed the federal government to be a government of limited and enumerated , or listed, powers. This means that the federal government only has powers over the things that are specifically given to it in the Constitution. All other powers are reserved to the States. The 10th Amendment in the Bill of Rights reads like this:\"\"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. \"\" Purpose of the 10th Amendment Why did the Founding Fathers put the 10th Amendment into the Bill of Rights? The explanation is that they did not want the central government to become too powerful. They didn't want a government that was located far away from their homes dictating how they lived their daily lives. They wanted as much power as possible to be retained in their local state legislatures. Today, the 10th Amendment idea of limiting the federal government's power has been severely weakened by many years of gradual changes in the view of what is and what is not a federal power."
},
{
"docid": "D1650129#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/Who-was-the-first-U-S-President-1\nWho was the first U.S. President?",
"text": "\"Presidential History of the United States of America Specific Presidents of the United States of America Political History of the United States of America Presidents of the United States of America History of the United States of America Politics of the United States of America Who was the first U. S. President? Answer Wiki George Washington (1789–97)71 Answers Dave Neary Updated Apr 12, 2018Originally Answered: Who was the first President of the United States? The simplest answer is George Washington, the first president after the adoption of the Constitution, elected unopposed to the office in 1789. But the USA declared its independence in 1776, and in between there were a number of people who presided over the continental congress. This was not a very powerful position, as the individual states kept total autonomy over almost all matters under the articles of confederation before the adoption of the Constitution. However, they all had the title of “President of the United States in Congress Assembled”. The first of those was Peyton Randolph, in 1774, during the first continental congress, who was in office for about 6 weeks until he fell ill (most of the length of the session of the congress). The president of the 2nd continental congress during the time of the declaration of independence in July 1776 was John Hancock. The president of the continental congress at the time of the Treaty of Paris in 1783, when US independence was recognised by the UK, was Elias Boudinot. However, in 1775, the Congress decided to name a Commander in Chief of the continental armed forces - given that the modern president is the Commander in Chief, you might consider that this person is the supreme leader of the United States during this period where presiding over congress was not considered a very powerful position."
},
{
"docid": "D1242423#0",
"title": "http://www.ducksters.com/history/american_revolution/articles_of_confederation.php\nAmerican Revolution",
"text": "\"Advertisement American Revolution Articles of Confederation History >> American Revolution What were the Articles of Confederation? The Articles of Confederation served as the first constitution of the United States. This document officially established the government of the union of the thirteen states. The Articles of Confederation Source: U. S. Government Why did the colonies write the Articles of Confederation? The colonies knew they needed some form of official government that united the thirteen colonies. They wanted to have written down rules that all the states agreed to. The Articles allowed the Congress to do things like raise an army, be able to create laws, and print money. Who wrote the document? The Articles of Confederation was first prepared by a committee of thirteen men from the Second Continental Congress. The chairman of the committee and primary author of the first draft was John Dickinson."
},
{
"docid": "D17292#0",
"title": "http://www.historynet.com/secession\nSecession",
"text": "\"Secession Facts, information and articles about Secession, one of thecauses of the civil war Confederate Battle Flag: Symbol of Secession Secession summary: the secession of Southern States led to the establishment of the Confederacy and ultimately the Civil War. It was the most serious secession movement in the United States and was defeated when the Union armies defeated the Confederate armies in the Civil War, 1861-65. Causes Of Secession Before the Civil War, the country was dividing between North and South. Issues included States Rights and disagreements over tariffs but the greatest divide was on the issue of slavery, which was legal in the South but had gradually been banned by states north of the Mason-Dixon line. As the US acquired new territories in the west, bitter debates erupted over whether or not slavery would be permitted in those territories. Southerners feared it was only a matter of time before the addition of new non-slaveholding states but no new slaveholding states would give control of the government to abolitionists, and the institution of slavery would be outlawed completely. They also resented the notion that a northern industrialist could establish factories, or any other business, in the new territories but agrarian Southern slaveowners could not move into territories where slavery was prohibited because their slaves would then be free . With the election in 1860 of Abraham Lincoln, who ran on a message of containing slavery to where it currently existed, and the success of the Republican Party to which he belonged – the first entirely regional party in US history – in that election, South Carolina seceded on December 20, 1860, the first state to ever officially secede from the United States. Four months later, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Texas and Louisiana seceded as well. Later Virginia (except for its northwestern counties, which broke away and formed the Union-loyal state of West Virginia), Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee joined them."
},
{
"docid": "D1414766#0",
"title": "http://www.123helpme.com/search.asp?text=articles+of+confederation\n.",
"text": "\"Title Length Color Rating The Articles of Confederation - A few hundred years ago, the United States first Constitution, the Articles of Confederation, was created. This Constitution created a weak central government in order to give the people the rights that they deserve. This plan of government, however, proved to be too weak and it could not control the people or pay the debts that the country had acquired from the Revolutionary War. One of the many problems of the Articles of Confederation was that it had no power to collect taxes (wikipedia.org).... [tags: articles of confederation, central government]:: 1 Works Cited996 words (2.8 pages) Better Essays [preview]The Articles of Confederation and the US Constitution - After the Revolutionary War, the newly formed United States still had a major task ahead of them. They had to form a new government that would satisfy the demands of the people and ensure the success of their nation. The Articles of Confederation was the first system of government that was proposed and put into effect. This attempt at creating a system that protected the people form a strong central government ultimately failed but was an important step in the development of the current government system.... [tags: revolutionary war, failure of the articles]:: 5 Works Cited1052 words (3 pages) Strong Essays [preview]The Articles of the Confederation - “Because of man’s sinful nature, we cannot live in a state of anarchy; we need government to maintain law and order. But because those in authority have the same sinful nature as the rest of us, we cannot trust government with too much power” (Stripes). There have been conflicting views on the nature of man since the birth of the United States of America. Some have said that we cannot trust government because those in office will act on their natural tendencies to enslave the people and create a monarchy from which there would be no escape.... [tags: U. S. History]:: 3 Works Cited1326 words (3.8 pages) Better Essays [preview]The Articles of Confederation - With the United States new found independence from Great Britain, its founding fathers realize from their historical experiences that a document of law needed to be crafted and established to preserve its new found independence, while maintaining order."
},
{
"docid": "D2945010#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_did_the_Articles_of_Confederation_fail\nWhy did the Articles of Confederation fail?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Articles of Confederation Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? Flag Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? Answer by Brandi Spano Confidence votes 90the executive branch was weak and had no authority to enforce the legislative branch's decisionsthe states had to much power and the federal government didn't have any power to collect taxes or regulate trade. They had a weak central goverment. It made the government really weak. It didn't even allow taxes.18 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Keonti 16 Contributions Why did the Articles of Confederation fail as a system of government? The Articles of Confederation failed because they were way too weak to enforce.. The Articles of Confederation failed because?no Executive branch no Judicial branch no power to tax. When did the Articles of Confederation fail?1779Why did the Articles of Confederation ultimately fail? Ultimately, the Articles of Confederation failed because it createda weak federal government."
},
{
"docid": "D4655#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)\nConstitutional Convention (United States)",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the original convention that created the U. S. Constitution. For that Constitution's method of changing itself, see Article Five of the United States Constitution. \"\" Federal Convention\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Federal Convention (disambiguation). Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States The Constitutional Convention [1]: 31 (also known as the Philadelphia Convention, [1]: 31 the Federal Convention, [1]: 31 or the Grand Convention at Philadelphia [2] [3]) took place from May 25 to September 17, 1787, in the old Pennsylvania State House (later known as Independence Hall because of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence there eleven years before) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Although the Convention was intended to revise the league of states and first system of government under the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, (which were first proposed in 1776, adopted by the Second Continental Congress in 1778 and only finally unanimously ratified by the Original Thirteen States by 1781), the intention from the outset of many of its proponents, chief among them James Madison of Virginia and Alexander Hamilton of New York, was to create a new government rather than fix the existing one. The delegates elected George Washington of Virginia, former commanding general of the Continental Army in the late American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), to preside over the Convention. The result of the Convention was the creation of the Constitution of the United States, placing the Convention among the most significant events in the history of the United States and indeed of worldwide historical, political and social influence. The most contentious disputes revolved around composition and election of the upper legislative house in the future bicameral Congress, to be known as the Senate, how \"\"proportional representation\"\" was to be defined (whether to include slaves or other property), whether to divide the executive power between three persons or invest the power into a single chief executive to be called the President, how to elect the President, how long his term was to be and whether he could run for reelection, what offenses should be impeachable, the nature of a fugitive slave clause, whether to allow the abolition of the slave trade, and whether judges should be chosen by the legislature or executive. Most of the time during the Convention was spent on deciding these issues, while the powers of legislature, executive, and judiciary were not heavily disputed."
},
{
"docid": "D1754458#0",
"title": "http://tenthamendmentcenter.com/2014/06/02/the-tenth-amendment-and-expressly-delegated-power/\nThe Original Meaning of the Tenth Amendment and âExpresslyâ Delegated Power",
"text": "In Loyola Law Review’s The Original Meaning of an Omission: The Tenth Amendment, Popular Sovereignty and “Expressly” Delegated Power, Kurt T. Lash delved into the original meaning of the Tenth Amendment. The following is an overview of the paper, which is a must-read for anyone wanting to learn about the original meaning of the 10th Amendment. Beginning with the Articles of Confederation and moving through the post-ratification history, Lash contends that narrowly construing the Constitution’s expressed powers as the Ninth and Tenth Amendments requires, and not Justice Marshall’s wider interpretation of the Necessary and Proper Clause in Mc Culloch, does a better job at reaching the original meaning of the Tenth Amendment. Background Lash sets the history of the Constitution and the Tenth Amendment against their predecessor, the Articles of Confederation. Article II of the Confederation stated, “ [e]ach state retains . . . every Power, Jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled. ”James Madison, in Federalist No. 44, argued that including the term “expressly” in the Constitution would force Congress to do nothing in times of need or to work around the term, the former disarming Congress and the latter forcing Congress to disregard the Constitution. Madison, in hopes of garnering support to ratify the proposed Constitution, reassured Anti-Federalists that a bill of rights would address the issue of the enumerated powers. Understanding “Expressly”Lash points to a false dichotomy regularly put forth by scholars."
},
{
"docid": "D2995235#0",
"title": "http://www.studymode.com/subjects/similarities-between-the-us-and-texas-constitution-page1.html\n\"\"\"Similarities Between The Us And Texas Constitution\"\" Essays and Research Papers\"",
"text": "\"Similarities Between The Us And Texas Constitution The constitution is the fundamental principles of law that the state’s law system is base on. Regardless of where it was created, New Hampshire or Texas, the constitution always went through different processes of drafting, revising, and amending several times over the courses of history to result in the modern constitution as people look at it today. At a glance, there is Texas, a state that is known for its notorious cowboy culture and rebellious history, to be compare to New Hampshire, a quiet... Federal government of the United States, Law, Rick Perry 1218 Words | 4 Pages Open Document Texas Constitution Kai Cox Dr. Shawn Williams Texas Government 2306 1/27/2015 The Texas Constitution In 1836, Texas had finally gained its independence from their neighbors to the South. Shortly after earning their independence, Texans sought to legitimize its government and independence by drafting a Constitution. The original Texas Constitution was adopted in 1827. Since its introduction, it has been amended an astonishing 467 times. There have been numerous attempts at Constitutional reform, most notably in... Articles of Confederation, Constitution, Constitutional amendment 727 Words | 6 Pages Open Document Texas Constitution The Texas Constitution Constitutions are a necessary tool in keeping a Nation running in a smooth manner. One is also necessary in keeping the components, which are states, running in an ordered way. The constitution of Texas has a long historical trail from 1827 to 1876 and there are many events that occurred during this time period. The current Texas constitution has many strengths and weaknesses and there have been revisions made to this document."
},
{
"docid": "D61977#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Constitution\nHistory of the United States Constitution",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is part of a series on the Constitution of the United States of America Preamble and Articles of the Constitution Preamble I II III IV V VI VIIAmendments to the Constitution Bill of Rights I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX XXI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX XXXXI XXII XXIII XXIV XXV XXVI XXVIIUnratified Amendments Congressional Apportionment Titles of Nobility Corwin Child Labor Equal Rights D. C. Voting Rights History Drafting and ratification timeline Convention Signing Federalism Republicanism Full text of the Constitution and Amendments Preamble and Articles I–VII Amendments I–XAmendments XI–XXVIIUnratified Amendments United States portal U. S. Government portal Law portal Wikipedia bookv t e Page one of the original copy of the United States Constitution The United States Constitution was written in 1787 during the Philadelphia Convention. The old Congress set the rules the new government followed in terms of writing and ratifying the new constitution. After ratification in eleven states, in 1789 its elected officers of government assembled in New York City, replacing the Articles of Confederation government. The original Constitution has been amended twenty-seven times. The meaning of the Constitution is interpreted and extended by judicial review in the federal courts. The original parchment copies are on display at the National Archives Building. Two alternative plans were developed in Convention. The nationalist majority, soon to be called \"\"Federalists,\"\" put forth the Virginia Plan, a consolidated government based on proportional representation among the states by population. The \"\"old patriots,\"\" later called \"\" Anti-Federalists ,\"\" advocated the New Jersey Plan, a purely federal proposal, based on providing each state with equal representation. The Connecticut Compromise allowed for both plans to work together."
}
] |
619867
|
what did the atlanta compromise do
|
[
{
"docid": "D671274#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta_compromise\nAtlanta compromise",
"text": "\"The Atlanta compromise was an agreement struck in 1895 between Booker T. Washington, president of the Tuskegee Institute, other African-American leaders, and Southern white leaders. [ 1] [2] It was first supported, and later opposed by W. E. B. Du Bois and other African-American leaders. The agreement was that Southern blacks would work and submit to white political rule, while Southern whites guaranteed that blacks would receive basic education and due process in law. [ 3] [4] Blacks would not focus their demands on equality, integration, or justice, and Northern whites would fund black educational charities. [ 5] [6]Contents [ hide ]1 Social impact2 See also3 Footnotes4 References5 External links Social impact [ edit]The compromise was announced on September 18, 1895 at the Atlanta Exposition Speech. The primary architect of the compromise, on behalf of the African-Americans, was Booker T. Washington, president of the Tuskegee Institute. Supporters of Washington and the Atlanta compromise were termed the \"\"Tuskegee Machine\"\". The agreement was never written down. Essential elements of the agreement were that blacks would not ask for the right to vote, they would not retaliate against racist behavior, they would tolerate segregation and discrimination, that they would receive free basic education, education would be limited to vocational or industrial training (for instance as teachers or nurses), liberal arts education would be prohibited (for instance, college education in the classics, humanities, art, or literature). [ citation needed]After the turn of the 20th century, other black leaders, most notably W. E. B. Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter – (a group Du Bois would call The Talented Tenth ), took issue with the compromise, instead believing that African-Americans should engage in a struggle for civil rights."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D3304165#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/44951575/unit-2-us-history-h-flash-cards/\nUnit 2: US History H",
"text": "\"158 terms libbabeattie Unit 2: US History HLearn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Which of these statements BEST describes \"\"Jacksonian Democracy\"\"? The presidency of Andrew Jackson is often referred to as \"\"Jacksonian Democracy.\"\" You can describe it as a government led by a strong president and that challenged the other Branches. You may also hear it called \"\"democracy for the common man,\"\" since Jackson- a man of humble background- attempted to spread the right to vote to more people than ever before, regardless of their wealth. \"\" Jeffersonian Democracy,\"\" associated with Thomas Jefferson, is sometimes described as a time in which the middle- and upper-classes held most of the power and influence. Which of these would have been MOST likely to take the Oregon Trail? ( A) Native Americans migrating from the east (B) Americans trying to settle on the west coast (C) people riding on the Transcontinental Railroads (D) escaped slaves trying to reach freedom in the North (B) Americans trying to settle on the west coast This is the political idea the individual states have political powers related to the federal government. It was a major cause of the Civil War."
},
{
"docid": "D2169866#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antone_Davis\nAntone Davis",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Antone Davis No. 77, 78, 76Position: Offensive tackle / Guard Personal information Born: February 28, 1967 (age 51)Fort Valley, Georgia Height: 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m)Weight: 330 lb (150 kg)Career information High school: Fort Valley (GA) Peach Co. College: Tennessee NFL Draft: 1991 / Round: 1 / Pick: 8Career history Philadelphia Eagles ( 1991 – 1995)Atlanta Falcons ( 1996 – 1997)Green Bay Packers ( 1999 )** Offseason and/or practice squad member only Career highlights and awards Unanimous All-American ( 1990)Jacobs Blocking Trophy (1990)Career NFL statistics Games played: 97Games started: 87Fumbles recovered: 1Player stats at NFL.com Player stats at PFRAntone Eugene Davis (born February 28, 1967) is an American former college and professional football player who was an offensive tackle and guard in the National Football League (NFL) for seven seasons during the 1990s. He played one year of football for Peach County High School in Fort Valley, Georgia, and was recruited out of high school by the Tennessee Military Institute, for whom he played one year of college football. He earned a full scholarship to the University of Tennessee the following year and started at left guard during his sophomore year in 1988. He was moved to right offensive tackle before his junior year as a Tennessee Volunteer and earned unanimous All-American honors as a senior in 1990. He finished as a finalist for the 1990 Outland Trophy as well, and was drafted by the NFL's Philadelphia Eagles as the eighth overall selection in the 1991 NFL Draft. Davis played for five seasons with the Eagles, who traded two first-round draft picks to pick Davis. In his rookie season in 1991, he started in fifteen games, missing one start in week seven due to his benching. He started in fifteen games again in 1992, missing one game due to a knee sprain. Davis started in every game for the Eagles in 1993 at right tackle, but was moved inside to left guard in 1994 following the team's pick of tackle Bernard Williams in the 1994 NFL Draft."
},
{
"docid": "D709647#0",
"title": "http://americanhistory.about.com/od/usconstitution/tp/compromises-of-the-constitutional-convention.htm\n5 Key Compromises of the Constitutional Convention",
"text": "\"Humanities ›Issues5 Key Compromises of the Constitutional Convention Share Flipboard Email Printby Martin Kelly Updated March 24, 2018The original governing document of the United States was the Articles of Confederation, adopted by the Continental Congress in 1777 during the Revolutionary War before the United States was officially a country. This structure laid out a weak national government and strong state governments. The national government could not tax, could not enforce laws it passed, and could not regulate commerce. These and other weaknesses, along with an increase in national feeling, led to the Constitutional Convention, which met from May to September 1787. The U. S. Constitution it produced has been called a \"\"bundle of compromises\"\" because delegates had to give ground on numerous key points to create a Constitution that was acceptable to each of the 13 states. It was ultimately ratified by all 13 in 1789. Here are five key compromises that helped make the U. S. Constitution become a reality. Great Compromise The signing of the U. S. Constitution in the State House in Philadelphia. MPI/Archive Photos/Getty Images The Articles of Confederation under which the United States operated from 1781 to 1787 provided that each state would be represented by one vote in Congress. When changes were being discussed for how states should be represented during the creation of a new Constitution, two plans were pushed forward."
},
{
"docid": "D1808200#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_event_sparked_the_revival_of_the_Ku_Klux_Klan\nWhat event sparked the revival of the Ku Klux Klan?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society Society and Civilization Organizations Ku Klux Klan What event sparked the revival of the Ku Klux Klan? Flag What event sparked the revival of the Ku Klux Klan? Answer by Alcohol Researcher Confidence votes 18.6KThe KKK was revived (actually created anew) in 1915 near Atlanta, Georgia, largely, but not entirely, to promote and enforce state-wide alcohol prohibition that had been imposed a few years earlier but was under attack.7 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Lime Aid 94,009 Contributions What was the Ku Klux Klan? Answer The Ku Klux Klan was a racist group against black people. Basicly, they are a group of people who, for some sick reason, believe that black skin is wrong. Answer …Lmh12345 13 Contributions Target of the Ku Klux Klan? The main targets of the KKK, or Ku Klux Klan, were people that did not believe what they beleived , which was white supremacy. For example, this didn't really happen, it is j …What did the Ku Klux Klan believe in? The KKK believed in white supremacy."
},
{
"docid": "D3383789#0",
"title": "http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/h-1506\nBooker T. Washington",
"text": "\"Booker T. Washington F. Erik Brooks, Georgia Southern University Booker T. Washington Booker T. Washington (1856-1915) is probably best known as the founder of the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial School Institute (now Tuskegee University) in Tuskegee, Macon County. He was a leading voice for industrial-vocational education and a measured approach toward gaining civil rights for blacks in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Many contemporary African American civil rights leaders, most notably W. E. B. Du Bois, criticized his emphasis on industrial education over liberal arts education and called for immediate access to political participation, accusing Washington of being an accommodationist. It was later revealed that Washington secretly supported more activist civil rights causes, however. He covertly provided funding for organizations that fought to end lynching. When southern states began to disband colored militia in 1905, he asked Secretary of War William Howard Taft to intervene, and when Pres. Theodore Roosevelt dismissed black troops in Brownsville, Texas, after a skirmish with town residents, Washington lobbied him to reverse his decision. Washington's leadership at Tuskegee Institute had a lasting impact on African American education, and the university continues to be a leading institution of higher learning. Booker Taliaferro Washington was born in Hale's Ford, Franklin County, Virginia, on a small tobacco farm owned by James Burroughs, near present-day Smith Mountain Lake. Because Washington was enslaved, and few birth records were kept for enslaved workers, the exact date of his birth is unknown."
},
{
"docid": "D697747#0",
"title": "https://www.denverpost.com/2018/01/04/trump-georgia-alabama-college-football-championship/\nTrump making plans to attend Georgia-Alabama college football championship",
"text": "Sports College Sports Trump making plans to attend Georgia-Alabama college football championship A White House official did not contest the report, although the plans are not final Carolyn Kaster, Associated Press file In this Dec. 24, 2017, file photo, President Donald Trump turns to talk to the gathered media during a Christmas Eve video teleconference with members of the military at his Mar-a-Lago estate in Palm Beach, Fla. By David Nakamura | The Washington Post January 4, 2018 at 8:33 am Sign up for newsletters and alerts Submit your news tips or photos Most Popular Father and son in fatal Denver shootings are identified by coroner Nikola Jokic compiles triple-double in first half as Denver Nuggets top Milwaukee Bucks Mikaela Shiffrin’s gold medal run is over; she finishes out of the medals in signature slalom event Denver Botanic Gardens announces initial 2018 concert lineup An Oregon woman thought the weird sensation was a stray eyelash. It was eye worms. Editorial: Colorado Sen. Randy Baumgardner should resign President Donald Trump is reportedly making plans to attend the college football national championship game between Georgia and Alabama on Monday night in Atlanta. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported Wednesday that local law enforcement personnel are working with the Secret Service to prepare for Trump’s arrival at Mercedes-Benz Stadium. First lady Melania Trump also is expected to attend. A White House official did not contest the report, although the plans are not final. On Tuesday, White House press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders opened the daily briefing by offering Trump’s congratulations to the two teams for their semifinal victories. Both schools, she noted, are “in the heart of Trump country. ”Related Articles Colorado Buffaloes spearheading Pac-12 concussion research effort CU Buffs and CSU Rams wrap up National Signing Day Bob Davie, New Mexico football coach, suspended amid misconduct probe Colorado Buffs’ Kurt Roper offers quarterback Steven Montez a clean slate Nate Solder, former CU Buffs star, weighs in on debate about paying college athletes The president won Alabama by 30 points and Georgia by five over Democrat Hillary Clinton. But Trump suffered an embarrassing political defeat last month when Republican Roy Moore, whom the president had endorsed, lost to Democrat Doug Jones in the U. S. Senate race in Alabama."
},
{
"docid": "D652590#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/31707414/chapters-11-16-flash-cards/\nChapters 11-16",
"text": "\"60 terms andrew_miskell Chapters 11-16Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort How did the Mc Cormick reaper help the North when the Civil War? It allowed the North to keep agricultural production high even though many farmers went to fight. What impact did technological changes have on the American worker before the Civil War? The purchasing power of the average worker rose How did John Deere change American agriculture? He invented a steel-tipped plow that made tilling much easier and less time consuming. What type of urban housing developed during the early nineteenth century? Row Houses What was one of the changes that transformed American newspapers in the decades before the Civil War? They began to print \"\"human-interest\"\" stories rather than just political and commercial news."
},
{
"docid": "D3475145#0",
"title": "http://www.pfgtax.com/atlanta-georgia-irs-installment-agreement-payment-plan/\nAtlanta Georgia â IRS Installment Agreement / Payment Plan",
"text": "Atlanta Georgia – IRS Installment Agreement / Payment Plan Atlanta Georgia – IRS Installment Agreement / Payment Plan Phoenix Financial Group can help you with your back tax issues. We can establish Installment Agreements (Payment Plans) with the IRS that are affordable to you. We will represent you before the IRS so that you do not have to speak with them directly. Don’t get locked into an Installment Agreement that you can’t afford because you did not get the help that you need. Our tax Enrolled Agents and IRS Enrolled Agents can assist you in getting a payment plan that fits with your budget. Phoenix Financial Group can also assist you in reducing the penalties that the IRS has assessed against you. Act now before the IRS takes enforced collection action such as issuing a bank or accounts receivable levy, seizing assets or garnishing wages. We can help you get levies and garnishments released. We can help you with your personal income tax (IRS Form 1040) or your business taxes (IRS Form 1120 Corporate Income Tax, 1065 Partnership Income Tax Return, 941 Employers Quarterly Withholding Tax Return or 940 Federal Unemployment Tax Return). If you live in Atlanta Georgia call us at 888.572.2179 for a free consultation."
},
{
"docid": "D3320066#0",
"title": "https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-was-main-idea-atlanta-compromise-speech-given-203937\nWhat was the main idea of the Atlanta Compromise speech given by Booker T. Washington?",
"text": "Homework Help > History What was the main idea of the Atlanta Compromise speech given by Booker T. Washington?print Print document PDF list Cite Expert Answerspohnpei397 | Certified Educator The main idea of Booker T. Washington’s “Atlanta Compromise” speech (delivered in 1895) was that blacks and whites in the South should realize that they needed each other and that they should act in ways that would allow them to coexist. Washington told both sides to “cast down your bucket where you are. ”Washington’s message was aimed at Southerners of both races. He wanted the white Southerners to realize that black Southerners were a good source of labor for them. He wanted the whites to hire black people to work for them instead of hoping that they could get immigrant labor. He argued that black workers had proved their fidelity and their industriousness and that they would not engage in strikes and other disruptions that would harm their employers. At the same time, Washington wanted black Southerners to be content where they were. He wanted them to stop thinking about going to the North or to foreign countries. He felt that they should not try to push for political power or equal rights. Instead, they should work hard in the South and, by doing so, cause whites to (eventually) respect them."
},
{
"docid": "D416539#0",
"title": "http://www.flashcardmachine.com/apush-unit-6.html\nShared Flashcard Set",
"text": "\"Shared Flashcard Set Details Title APUSH unit 6Description mid 1800's to Total Cards 35Subject History Level 11th Grade Created 04/26/2009Click here to study/print these flashcards . Create your own flash cards! Sign up here . Additional History Flashcards Cards Term Long Drive Origins Definition1865-1870’s; after the systematic killing of buffalo in the west, cattle took their place to graze. Cattle in Texas could not be profited off of if sold in Texas, but they were worth a lot in the east. For example, a longhorn might be worth $3 if sold in Texas, but it could be sold in the east for $40. So when a railroad in Missouri opened up, it was close enough that the Texas ranchers (who hired cowboys) started the ‘long drive,’ which herded the cattle hundreds of miles north to the railroad. This system only lasted until the railroads extended to Texas. These long drives were hard and harsh to the cowboys, many of which where African Americans or Hispanic. These long drives occurred during the Cattle Kingdom, during which the Indian Buffalo were being killed off and more and more ranches were coming into being in the West."
},
{
"docid": "D159784#0",
"title": "https://forums.studentdoctor.net/threads/dpt-vs-mpt-vs-pt.344171/\nDPT vs. MPT vs. PT",
"text": "\"Dismiss Notice SDN members see fewer ads and full resolution images. Join our non-profit community!DPT vs. MPT vs. PTDiscussion in ' Physical Therapy ' started by Shah_Patel_PT, Nov 30, 2006 . Previous Thread Next Thread Shah_Patel_PTMDPhysician Joined: Apr 28, 2005Messages: 762Likes Received: 0Status: Attending Physician I think the degree of DPT is much less common than a MPT. What do you guys think?#1Shah_Patel_PT, Nov 30, 2006Thread continues after this sponsor message. SDN Members do not see this ad. PT2MDHold my beer... Joined: Aug 3, 2006Messages: 1,084Likes Received: 5Status: Post Doc True but they are all transitioning to DPT by 2020. I work with several DPT's, but there is no difference in scope.#2PT2MD, Nov 30, 2006Shah_Patel_PTMDPhysician Joined: Apr 28, 2005Messages: 762Likes Received: 0Status: Attending Physician How is the current PT field in the USA? Are there abundant job opportunites? And how much are senior Rehab directors paid.... (who were former PTs)? How high a position can an MPT candidate attain?#3Shah_Patel_PT, Dec 2, 2006PT2MDHold my beer... Joined: Aug 3, 2006Messages: 1,084Likes Received: 5Status: Post Doc Most rehab and clinical directors are MPT."
},
{
"docid": "D466734#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Plessy_v._Ferguson\nTalk:Plessy v. Ferguson",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This is the talk page for discussing improvements to the Plessy v. Ferguson article. This is not a forum for general discussion of the article's subject. Put new text under old text. Click here to start a new topic. Please sign and date your posts by typing four tildes ( ~~~~ ). New to Wikipedia? Welcome! Ask questions, get answers. Be polite, and welcoming to new users Assume good faith Avoid personal attacks For disputes, seek dispute resolution Article policies No original research Neutral point of view Verifiability This article is the subject of an educational assignment at Lansing Community College supported by Wiki Project United States Government and the Wikipedia Ambassador Program during the 2011 Q3 term. Further details are available on the course page. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1791727#0",
"title": "http://ecorporateoffices.com/DeltaAirlines-2829?page=3\nDelta Airlines Corporate Office & Headquarters",
"text": "\"Delta Airlines Corporate Office & Headquarters P. O. Box 20706 Atlanta GA 30320Delta Airlines corporate phone number: (404) 715-2600Average Rating and Total Reviews Avg. Rating2.0Reviews106Write A Review Edit106 Reviews For Delta Airlines Headquarters & Corporate Office The absolute worst company in America! I am surprised you have any customers with the level of customer service or disservice you provide! I have been trying to get my sky miles account straightened out fo over 3 weeks. Each time I call it's like the very first time although all of the notes are on my sky miles account. They gave me a report # for followup but absolutely nothing has been done to resolve the problem......3 weeks!!! I am appalled and subsequently I'm closing my Amex & Skymiles accounts, going back to Airtran!!! A much better airline!Mar. 13, 2012-by Brenda Tomlinson The one and only reason Delta got any star at all was so that I could post this. This company is the worst but what do you expect when you have the same CEO that ran Northwest Airlines right in to bankruptcy."
},
{
"docid": "D3023860#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Confederate_States\nAmerican Civil War",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Military history of the Confederate States)navigation search American Civil War Clockwise from top: Battle of Gettysburg, Union Captain John Tidball's artillery, Confederate prisoners, ironclad USS Atlanta, ruins of Richmond, Virginia, Battle of Franklin Date April 12, 1861 – May 9, 1865 (by proclamation) [1] (4 years, 3 weeks and 6 days) ( Last shot fired June 22, 1865)Location Southern United States, Northeastern United States, Western United States, Atlantic Ocean Result Union victory Dissolution of the Confederate States U. S. territorial integrity preserved Slavery abolished Beginning of the Reconstruction Era Belligerents United States Confederate States Commanders and leaders Abraham Lincoln Ulysses S. Grant William T. Sherman David Farragut George B. Mc Clellan Henry Halleck George Meadeand others Jefferson Davis Robert E. Lee J. E. Johnston G. T. Beauregard A. S. Johnston †Braxton Braggand others Strength2,200,000: [a]Union Army Union Marines Union Navy Revenue Service698,000 (peak) [2] [ better source needed] [3]750,000–1,000,000: [a] [4]Confederate army Confederate marines Confederate navy360,000 (peak) [2] [5]Casualties and losses110,000+ killed in action/died of wounds 230,000+ accident/disease deaths [6] [7] 25,000–30,000 died in Confederate prisons [2] [6]365,000+ total dead [8] 282,000+ wounded [7] 181,193 captured [2] [ better source needed] [9]Total: 828,000+ casualties94,000+ killed in action/died of wounds [6] 26,000–31,000 died in Union prisons [7]290,000+ total dead 137,000+ wounded 436,658 captured [2] [ better source needed] [10]Total: 864,000+ casualties50,000 free civilians dead [11] 80,000+ slaves dead [12]Total: 785,000–1,000,000+ dead [13] [14] [ show]v t e Theaters of the American Civil War The American Civil War was a civil war that was fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865. As a result of the long-standing controversy over slavery, war broke out in April 1861, when Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina, shortly after U. S. President Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated. The nationalists of the Union proclaimed loyalty to the U. S. Constitution. They faced secessionists of the Confederate States, who advocated for states' rights to expand slavery. Among the 34 U. S. states in February 1861, seven Southern slave states individually declared their secession from the U. S. to form the Confederate States of America, or the South. The Confederacy grew to include eleven slave states. The Confederacy was never diplomatically recognized by the United States government, nor was it recognized by any foreign country (although the United Kingdom and France granted it belligerent status ). The states that remained loyal to the U. S. (including the border states where slavery was legal) were known as the Union or the North. The Union and Confederacy quickly raised volunteer and conscription armies that fought mostly in the South over four years. The Union finally won the war when General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant at the Battle of Appomattox Court House, followed by a series of surrenders by Confederate generals throughout the southern states."
},
{
"docid": "D885284#0",
"title": "http://www.medhelp.org/posts/Brain-Pituitary-Tumors/cancerous-tumor-in-thalamus/show/779395\ncancerous tumor in thalamusrumpled Mar 06, 2009",
"text": "cancerous tumor in thalamusrumpled Mar 06, 2009My cousin Dave, we recently found out, has a large cancerous tumor in his left thalamus. He was able to undergo a biopsy, but they are saying it is inoperable. Right now, I do not know what type of tumor it is (the results of the biopsy) but we are waiting. He noticed that he was very tired, and did go to the doctor but the doctor said he was fine (the old, just getting older bit) and so he did not get a CT until he woke up one morning and could not speak well and had problems moving his arms and legs. It was only then the large tumor was discovered. He lives in Montana and so right now the family is all rallying around and trying to find the best place for him to go for treatment. I was just wondering if anyone else around here had a tumor in the thalumus or knew anyone with one. We had an uncle of ours pass a few years ago with a cancerous brain tumor as well but his was temporal. We think it was an astrocytoma based on them saying it had a lot of tentacles. We cannot be sure as my cousins would not tell us what kind it was."
},
{
"docid": "D671275#0",
"title": "http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/39/\n.",
"text": "\"home | many pasts | evidence | www.history | blackboard | referencetalking history | syllabi | students | teachers | puzzle | about us Booker T. Washington Delivers the 1895 Atlanta Compromise Speech On September 18, 1895, African-American spokesman and leader Booker T. Washington spoke before a predominantly white audience at the Cotton States and International Exposition in Atlanta. His “Atlanta Compromise” address, as it came to be called, was one of the most important and influential speeches in American history. Although the organizers of the exposition worried that “public sentiment was not prepared for such an advanced step,” they decided that inviting a black speaker would impress Northern visitors with the evidence of racial progress in the South. Washington soothed his listeners’ concerns about “uppity” blacks by claiming that his race would content itself with living “by the productions of our hands. ”Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Board of Directors and Citizens: One-third of the population of the South is of the Negro race. No enterprise seeking the material, civil, or moral welfare of this section can disregard this element of our population and reach the highest success. I but convey to you, Mr. President and Directors, the sentiment of the masses of my race when I say that in no way have the value and manhood of the American Negro been more fittingly and generously recognized than by the managers of this magnificent Exposition at every stage of its progress. It is a recognition that will do more to cement the friendship of the two races than any occurrence since the dawn of our freedom. Not only this, but the opportunity here afforded will awaken among us a new era of industrial progress."
},
{
"docid": "D3424196#0",
"title": "https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman\nWilliam Tecumseh Sherman",
"text": "\" [ hide]Your continued donations keep Wikiquote running!William Tecumseh Shermannavigation search War is hell. You cannot qualify war in harsher terms than I will. War is cruelty, and you cannot refine it. Those who brought war into our country deserve all the curses and maledictions a people can pour out. William Tecumseh Sherman ( 8 February 1820 – 14 February 1891) was a United States Army general during the American Civil War. He succeeded General Ulysses S. Grant as commander of the Western Theater of that war in the spring of 1864. He later served as Commanding General of the U. S. Army from 1869 to 1883. He is best known for his \"\"March to the Sea\"\" through the U. S. state of Georgia that destroyed a large amount of Confederate infrastructure. He is widely regarded by historians as an early advocate of \"\"Total War\"\". Contents [ hide ]1 Quotes1.1 1860s1.1.1 18601.1.2 18621.1.2.1 Dispatch to Stephen A. Hurlbut (July 1862)1.1.3 18631.1.3.1 Letter (June 1863)1.1.4 18641.1.4.1 Letter to R. M. Sawyer (January 1864)1.1.4.2 Letter to James Guthrie (August 1864)1.1.4.3 Telegram to Abraham Lincoln (September 1864)1.1.4.4 Letter to Henry W. Halleck (September 1864)1.1.4.5 Letter to the City of Atlanta (September 1864)1.1.4.6 Signal to John M. Corse (October 1864)1.1.4.7 Telegram to Abraham Lincoln (December 1864)1.1.5 18651.1.5.1 Special Field Order No."
},
{
"docid": "D755127#0",
"title": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2016/03/24/disney-marvel-threaten-to-pull-business-from-georgia-over-religious-liberty-bill/\nDisney and Marvel fire warning shot as Georgiaâs culture war spreads to Hollywood",
"text": "Another industry is warning Georgia’s governor not to sign a religious-liberty bill into law — the latest to suggest that the state risks losing business over the measure. Actors, writers, producers, directors, movie studios and whole entertainment companies have weighed in on the debate, many calling the bill discriminatory and some threatening to sever ties with Georgia if it’s passed. The latest threat comes from a group of 34 individuals in the movie business, including celebrities Kristin Chenoweth, Lee Daniels, Anne Hathaway, Seth Mac Farlane, Julianne Moore, Rob Reiner and Marisa Tomei. In a Thursday letter, they warn Gov. Nathan Deal (R) that they “plan to take our business elsewhere” should he sign the bill, which passed the legislature last week. The Walt Disney Co. and its subsidiary movie studio, Marvel, said the same in a statement Wednesday. [ ‘ We have deep concerns’: Hollywood stars threaten Georgia over religious liberty bill]“Disney and Marvel are inclusive companies, and although we have had great experiences filming in Georgia, we will plan to take our business elsewhere should any legislation allowing discriminatory practices be signed into state law,” the Disney Co. said in a statement. The bill protects religious leaders from being forced to perform same-sex marriage ceremonies and individuals from being forced to attend such events. It also allows faith-based organizations to deny use of their facilities for events they find “objectionable” and exempts them from having to hire or retain any employee whose religious beliefs or practices differ from those of the organization. Opponents say it allows anti-gay discrimination. Proponents argue the opposite: It would be discriminatory not to pass such protections, they say."
},
{
"docid": "D603418#0",
"title": "https://www.thoughtco.com/booker-t-washington-1779859\nBooker T. Washington",
"text": "\"Humanities ›History & Culture Booker T. Washington Black Educator and Founder of the Tuskegee Institute Share Flipboard Email Print Seated studio portrait of American educator, economist and industrialist Booker T. Washington (1856-1915), founder of the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama, early twentieth century. ( Photo by Harris & Ewing/Interim Archives/Getty Images)by Patricia Daniels, Contributing Writer Updated April 07, 2017Booker T. Washington is best known as a prominent black educator and racial leader of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He founded Tuskegee Institute in Alabama in 1881 and oversaw its growth into a well-respected black university. Born into slavery, Washington rose to a position of power and influence among both blacks and whites. Although he earned the respect of many for his role in promoting education for blacks, Washington has also been criticized for being too accommodating to whites and too complacent on the issue of equal rights. Dates: April 5, 1856 1 – November 14, 1915Also Known As: Booker Taliaferro Washington; \"\"The Great Accommodator\"\"Famous Quote: \"\"No race can prosper till [sic] it learns that there is as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem. \"\" Early Childhood Booker T. Washington was born in April 1856 on a small farm in Hale's Ford, Virginia. He was given the middle name \"\"Taliaferro,\"\" but no last name. His mother, Jane, was a slave and worked as the plantation cook. Based upon Booker's medium complexion and light gray eyes, historians have assumed that his father — whom he never knew — was a white man, possibly from a neighboring plantation."
},
{
"docid": "D1626729#0",
"title": "https://hillsongchurchwatch.com/tag/bill-hybels/\nHouston speaking at Hybels Conference while Hybelâs compromises over same sex agenda",
"text": "Houston speaking at Hybels Conference while Hybel’s compromises over same sex agenda13Saturday Jun 2015Posted by churchwatcher in Uncategorized≈ 7 Comments Tagsbill hybels, Brian Houston People have assumed that Mark Driscoll was a threat and a distraction to Hillsong Conference 2015. Let us assure you, there are worse speakers at Hillsong Conference 2015. One example of this was last year’s infallible “führer” Bill Hybels: Führer Bill Hybels invents Führergesis; applauds Visionary leadership of Hillsong When false teachers, prophets and leaders lead the church, nothing good can come from their leadership. A good example of this is Bill Hybels, who oversees Willow Creek. We’ve stressed for a long time that when the standard of the church is the pastor’s vision, God’s authoritative Word is maligned and sidelined. When this happens then you can expect apostasy to be committed in the name of God. This year Brian Houston is speaking at Bill Hybel’s Global Leadership Summit. One has to ask why Houston is doing this when Hybel’s is further compromising and turning his back on God’s Word on same sex issues. After all, Brian Houston believes n the teachings of the Apostle Paul right? Brian Houston’s statement: ‘defending’ every wind of doctrine?"
}
] |
619869
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what did the aztecs build in their cities
|
[
{
"docid": "D1393946#0",
"title": "http://www.ducksters.com/history/aztec_empire/tenochtitlan.php\nAztec Empire",
"text": "Advertisement Aztec Empire Tenochtitlan History >> Aztec, Maya, and Inca for Kids Tenochtitlan was the capital city and center of the Aztec Empire. It was founded in 1325 and served as the capital until the Aztecs were conquered by Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes in 1520. Where was it located? Tenochtitlan was located on a swampy island in Lake Texcoco in what is today south central Mexico. The Aztecs were able to settle there because no one else wanted the land. At first, it wasn't a great place to start a city, but soon the Aztecs built up islands where they could grow crops. The water also worked as a natural defense against attacks from other cities. Map of Tenochtitlan by Hanns Prem Click picture for larger view Causeways and Canals Early on in the history of the city the Aztecs built causeways and canals for transportation to and from the city. A causeway is a raised road that allowed the people to easily travel over the swampy and wet areas. There were three major causeways that led from the island city to the mainland."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D743092#0",
"title": "http://vlib.iue.it/carrie/reference/worldhistory/sections/18civili.html\nHISTORY 100 WORLD HISTORY SPRING 1998",
"text": "\"LEARNING OBJECTIVESDuring this assignment, you should learn to identify and discuss the following names and terms: Maize, Maya, Aztecs, Cortez, Montezuma, Inca, Francisco Pizarro.and you should have considered the following questions: When and from where did the first inhabitants of the Americas come? What was their level of culture at the advent of the Spanish? How can one account for the relatively slow development of the inhabitants of the New World? How were the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations organized? What were the bases of their economy? Why did they fall so easily to the small armies of Spanish? How did matters of health influence European discovery and exploration? TEXTEuropean explorers were not surprised to find evidence of rich civilizations in what they came to call \"\"the New World.\"\" There had been fabulous travel tales around for a long time, such as The Travels of Sir John Mandeville and variations of The Voyages of Sindbad, as well as tales of the immense wealth of lands beyond the seas. What they found in the Western Hemisphere was a peculiar mixture of wealth and poverty, sophistication and backwardness."
},
{
"docid": "D1381722#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/77627372/maya-aztec-and-inca-flash-cards/\nMaya, Aztec, and Inca",
"text": "\"46 terms Kylee_Link Maya, Aztec, and Inca Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort When was the Maya Classic Age? 250-900 A. DWhat type of crops did the Maya grow? Corn, beans, and squash What caused the Maya population to grow? Trade with other city-states What year did the Maya begin to construct large cities? 200 A. DWhat is the Classic Age? The height of the Maya civilization Why were the Maya never considered an empire? They were unified by a single ruler What is the name of the famous Maya city? Palenque Who was the Maya king?"
},
{
"docid": "D1769732#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/history/did-mayans-live-f857c7bb26a7294c\nWhere Did the Mayans Live?",
"text": "History Ancient History Ancient America Q: Where Did the Mayans Live? A: Quick Answer The Mayans lived in the Yucatan, which is now Mexico. Evidence exists indicating that they also lived in Guatemala, El Salvador, western Honduras and Belize. Mayans existed between the years of 2600 B. C. and 1800 B. C. However, the Mayan empire was in full force between 250 A. D. and 900 A. D. Continue Reading Keep Learning Who Were the Mayans? What Were the Physical Features of the Mayans? What Were the Mayans Famous For? Credit: Dennis Jarvis CC-BY-SA 2.0Full Answer The Mayans based their civilization around the cities they called Tikal, Shunchucmil, Palenque, Bonampak and Copan. In time, the Mayans entered into trade with other countries as well as nearby cities. During the Mayan empire, construction of buildings took off. There are theories on what became of the Mayans, but no concrete facts exist to explain what brought about the demise of the culture."
},
{
"docid": "D3324267#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_did_the_Aztecs_adapt_to_their_environment\nHow did the Aztec adapt to their lands?",
"text": "How did the Aztec adapt to their lands? The Aztecs adapted to their land by Chinampas, Building Bridges, and Hunting animals How did the Pre-Columbian civilizations of the Aztecs and Incas adapt to their environment? Both of these civilizations were in some adverse climate that we would difficult to live with. However, they found a way to adapt into their environment. The Inca civilization …Raging Rahman 1 Contribution Aztecs and Incas adapted to their environment? They adapted to the steep environment by terracing.not really How did the Aztecs interact with their environment? The Aztecs enacted with their environment, organically, on alllevels. First, their Gods were earth and sky deities associatedwith their natural environment. They cultivated an …Meis Ed 1 Contribution Aztecs physical environment? The Aztecs' physical environment is basically fertile."
},
{
"docid": "D2522343#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_was_the_Aztec_capital_built_on_a_lake\nWhy was the Aztec capital built on a lake?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of Central America Aztecs Why was the Aztec capital built on a lake? Flag Why was the Aztec capital built on a lake? Edit Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. Legend has it that the Aztec people would know where to build their city when they found an eagle on a cactus with a snake in its mouth in the middle of a lake. Luckily, they found such a thing and built their empire from there.3 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No What lake was the Aztec capital city built on? Texacoco. Edit In what year was the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan built? AD 1335 AD 1335Edit What landforms surrounded the lakes where the Aztecs built their capital? The most powerful Mesoamerican kingdom of all time was the Aztec."
},
{
"docid": "D21056#0",
"title": "https://www.coursehero.com/file/p2otno/b-Why-were-the-pochteca-so-crucial-to-imperial-expansion-p-465-It-is-because/\nB why were the pochteca so crucial to imperial",
"text": "B why were the pochteca so crucial to imperial SCHOOLCSU Sacramento COURSE TITLEANTH 121TYPENotes UPLOADED BYAnnylau PAGES 8 RATINGS100 % ( 1)This preview shows pages 3–5. Sign up to view the full content. View Full Documentb. Why were the pochteca so crucial to imperial expansion (p. 465)? It is because their foreign contacts involved both diplomacy and vanguardmilitarism. The lives of working-class commoners, or macehualtin, revolved around their membership in acalpulli. These corporate lineage organizations divided up jointly-owned lands, possessed theirown temples and other religious facilities, and ran their own telpochcalli schools. Calpulliheadmen mediated with local tlatoani or calpixqui leaders the contributions of the calpulli – astribute in labor and goods – to support the city-state – and over the number of warriors thecalpulli would send when war erupted.5. We have seen in the book and the videotape how commoners might climb in status to theranks of the nobility. How might macehualtin fall in status?a."
},
{
"docid": "D2431483#0",
"title": "http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/aztec-life/aztec-noble-versus-commoner\n.",
"text": "Commoners versus nobles Mexica (Aztec) society was largely divided into two main classes: commoners ( macehualtin ), like the figure on the left (C), and nobles ( pipiltin ), like the figure on the right (N). How did life differ for these two groups on a day-to-day basis? ( Written/compiled by Ian Mursell/Mexicolore)Aztec commoner, stone sculpture, Templo Mayor Museum, Mexico City (Click on image to enlarge)COMMONERS • Obliged to pay tribute, in kind and in the form of communal work • Only received tribute payments if they succeeded in moving up from commoner status to noble • Only merchants ( pochteca) who had earned high status had the right to own state-run land • Could only take on leading public positions if they had earned these by special merit • Subject to less severe penal code/official punishments; common criminals could be executed, always in public • Taught in the less strict telpochcalli school • Subject to monogamy (only allowed one wife/husband) • Could only enter royal buildings as cleaners or builders/repairers. Aztec noble, ‘Primeros Memoriales’ fol. 55v (Click on image to enlarge)NOBLES • Their work at the service of the state was considered equal in value to paying tribute; free from this obligation and from communal labour • Received the benefits of tribute as payments either for their services to the state or for belonging to the ruling family • Could own state-run lands known as pillalli • Held the vast majority of public offices/positions • Subject to a severe penal code, and liable to punishments for crimes such as prostitution that didn’t apply to commoners; subject to very severe punishments, given both to them as individuals and to their families; punishments for crimes were imposed in private • Taught in the severe atmosphere of the calmécac élite school • Could indulge in polygamy (allowed more than one wife/husband) • Allowed to attend royal buildings. Entitlement to drinking cacao and wearing sandals was limited to Mexica nobles... (Click on image to enlarge)Strict Aztec ‘sumptuary laws’ meant that - NOBLES • had exclusive right to own and wear semiprecious stones • could own and use painted ceramic vases and other luxury goods • could wear clothes made of cotton, sandals, etc. • were allowed to carry and enjoy aromatic flower bouquets • could eat the flesh of sacrificial victims • were allowed to drink cacao • could partake of mind-changing drugs. Whereas... COMMONERS • were only allowed to own and use plain pottery cups • could only wear coarse cactus-fibre clothes • could only wear sandals when travelling on roads • weren’t entitled to enjoy flowers/sacrificial meat/cacao/drugs (see above). NOTE: This feature is based on, and translated from, an extract from an article by Alredo López Austin (on our Panel of Experts) ‘La sociedad mexica y el tributo’, in Arqueología Mexicana, no. 124 (Nov-Dec 2013), pp 40-47."
},
{
"docid": "D667566#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mexico_City\nHistory of Mexico City",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search See also: Mexico City See also: Zócalo The symbol of the founding of Mexico-Tenochtitlan, the central image on the Mexican flag since Mexican independence from Spain in 1821. The city now known as Mexico City was founded as Tenochtitlan by the Aztecs in 1325 and a century later became the dominant city-state of the Aztec Triple Alliance, formed in 1430 and composed of Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan. At its height, Tenochtitlan had enormous temples and palaces, a huge ceremonial center, residences of political, religious, military, and merchants. Its population was estimated at least 100,000 and perhaps as high as 200,000 in 1519 when the Spaniards first saw it. [ 1]Panoramic view of the Zócalo (Plaza de la Constitución), Mexico City, since the Aztecs, the symbolic center. Looking east to the Palacio Nacional. ( center) The Metropolitan Cathedral is on the left, the old city hall to the right. During the final stage of the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs, Tenochtitlan was besieged and essentially razed. Hernán Cortés understood the strategic and symbolic importance of the Aztec capital and founded the Spanish capital of Mexico City on the site, and in particular rebuilt the Aztec ceremonial and political center as the main square, the Plaza Mayor, usually called the Zócalo. Some of the oldest structures in Mexico City date from the early conquest era."
},
{
"docid": "D1580856#0",
"title": "https://www.scribd.com/document/242275747/Aztecs-Conquistadors-Assignment\nName:________________________________________ Date:______________________ Period:________",
"text": "Name:________________________________________ Date:______________________ Period:________Aztecs & Conquistadors Assignment Part A: Directions: Use the Hernan Cortes and the Aztecs reading to answer the questions on the next page. Hernan Cortes and the Aztecs This drawing shows the Spanish fighting with superior weapons over the Aztecs. The Aztec capital Tenochtitlan is known as Mexico City. Christopher Columbus and others from Spain came to the Americas for different reasons. Some came for wealth, some to expand the Spanish Empire, and others to spread the Christian religion. They did not expect, however, to find great civilizations in central Mexico and South America. By 1500, the Aztecs were an advanced civilization. With an estimated population of more than 200,000 people, the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan, was larger than any European capital at that time. It was also a city of great wealth. In 1519, a Spanish explorer named Hernan Cortes led a fleet of ships from Cuba to the east coast of the Gulf of Mexico."
},
{
"docid": "D1242569#0",
"title": "http://www.realhistoryww.com/world_history/ancient/Misc/Americas/Aztec_history.htm\nThe Aztec",
"text": "\"This is a specific subject page, dealing exclusively with, or primarily with, the subject in the title. Because of need, there are many such pages at RHWW: usually, but not always, linked to primary pages. For those in a hurry, they enable a quick summary of many important subjects. The menu for these pages is here: Click>>>The Aztec The Aztec Physical Appearance Here is a sixteenth-century Spanish description: The people of this land are well made, rather tall than short. They are swarthy as leopards (see below), of good manners and gestures, for the greater part very skillful, robust, and tireless, and at the same time the most moderate men known. They are very warlike and face death with the greatest resolution. Both leopards and jaguars are not usually dark (swarthy), the writer must therefore be referring to those that are melanistic (completely black or very dark), they are known as black panthers. Aztec Character Alonso de Zorita wrote of the Mexicans: these people are by nature very long-suffering, and nothing will excite or anger them. They are very obedient and teachable. The more noble they are, the more humility they display."
},
{
"docid": "D1156865#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/FAQ/10585\nFlag of Mexico",
"text": "\"Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History National Emblems Flags Flag of Mexico Unanswered | Answered Flag of Mexico Parent Category: Flags The flag of Mexico is a rectangular flag with three vertical stripes of green, white and red. In the center of the white stripe, Mexico's coat of arms is featured. This flag was adopted in 1965 although a version of it has been used since the 1820's. Questions about the flag of Mexico can be directed here.1 2 3 >What the Mexican flags time frame? There have been several designs of the Mexican flag throughout theyears, and as many people involved in its design, since Mexicobecame independent in 1821. The very first design, adopted on February 24, 1821 was designed by Jose Magdaleno Ocampo (1775 -18??) a tailor of the Army of the Three... What is the Mexican flags name? Mexican Flag Why is the eagle eating a snake while standing on a cactus in the national symbol of Mexico? Because the original people at Mexico were Aztecs and they believed that if you saw an eagle eating a snake on a cactus that is were you were meant to live the Aztecs spend alot of time searching and than found it on an island which is now Mexico city From what date to what date was the flag of Mexico with front eagle? It has been around since 1821, when Mexico won its war of independence, up to this date."
},
{
"docid": "D1510229#0",
"title": "http://www.ancient.eu/Teotihuacan/\nTeotihuacan",
"text": "\"Teotihuacan, located in the Basin of Central Mexico, was the largest, most influential, and certainly most revered city in the history of the New World, and it flourished in Mesoamerica's Golden Age, the Classic Period of the first millennium CE. Dominated by two gigantic pyramids and a huge sacred avenue, the city, its architecture, art, and religion would influence all subsequent Mesoamerican cultures, and it remains today the most visited ancient site in Mexico. Historical Overview In relation to other Mesoamerican cultures Teotihuacan was contemporary with the early Classic Maya (250 - 900 CE) but earlier than the Toltec civilization (900-1150 CE). Located in the valley of the same name, the city first formed between 150 BCE and 200 CE and benefitted from a plentiful supply of spring water which was channelled through irrigation. The largest structures at the site were completed before the 3rd century CE, and the city reached its peak in the 4th century CE with a population as high as 200,000. Teotihuacan is actually the Aztec name for the city, meaning \"\"Place of the Gods\"\"; unfortunately, the original name is yet to be deciphered from surviving name glyphs at the site. The city's prosperity was in part based on the control of the valuable obsidian deposits at nearby Pachuca, which were used to manufacture vast quantities of spear and dart heads and which were also a basis of trade. Other goods flowing in and out of the city would have included cotton, salt, cacao to make chocolate, exotic feathers, and shells. Irrigation and the natural attributes of local soil and climate resulted in the cultivation of crops such as corn, beans, squash, tomato, amaranth, avocado, prickly pear cactus, and chili peppers. These crops were typically cultivated via the chinampa system of raised, flooded fields which would later be used so effectively by the Aztecs."
},
{
"docid": "D2390498#0",
"title": "http://aztecsandtenochtitlan.com/aztec-civilisation/aztec-economy/aztec-farming-and-agriculture/\nAztec Farming",
"text": "Aztec Farming Like every civilisation in history, agriculture was one of the most important sources of sustenance for the Aztecs. However, they had to develop unique methods for Aztec farming and agriculture since their city-state, Tenochtitlan, was founded on the swampy grounds of Lake Texcoco. However, the Aztecs did succeed in developing these methods very successfully and the Spaniards who arrived in the Americas in 1521 were surprised at the ingenuity of these Aztec agriculture and farming methods. Aztec Farming and Agriculture: Chinampas System A special kind of artificial method of farming was used among the Aztecs which was known as Chinampa. With this method, Aztec farming and agriculture flourished on lands which could otherwise not be farmed because of their swampy nature. As per this method of farming, the Aztecs used small, rectangular areas of land to grow crops on the shallow lake beds in the Mexico Valley. The advantage that these artificial islands enjoyed was that water was present in abundance and the climate was also suitable for farming. A special kind of artificial method of farming was used among the Aztecs which was known as Chinampa. Aztec Farming and Agriculture: Chinampas Construction Chinamps were created by building up extensions of soil into bodies of water. According to Codex Vergara, the size of these artificial lands for Aztec farming and agriculture was usually 30 meters by 2.5 meters."
},
{
"docid": "D2216554#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/history/did-aztec-civilization-begin-346d15092f1ce74c\nWhen Did the Aztec Civilization Begin?",
"text": "History Ancient History Ancient America Q: When Did the Aztec Civilization Begin? A: Quick Answer According to The Columbia Encyclopedia, the Aztec capital Tenochtitlán was founded circa 1325 A. D. It was at this point that the organized Aztec civilization began, as they had previously been a poor tribe of nomads. The Aztecs reached the height of their power during the 15th and 16th centuries. Continue Reading Keep Learning What Achievements Are Attributed to the Aztec Civilization? How Did the Inca Civilization End? What Did the Incas Eat? Credit: Gwyn Photography Photographer's Choice Getty Images Full Answer The Aztecs dominated central Mexico before the time of the Spanish conquest. Their civilization was founded on absorbing external cultural elements and on conquest enabled by an efficient, sizable army. The Aztecs developed advanced skills in architecture, art, astronomy, engineering and mathematics. Well-developed agriculture was a further notable aspect of the civilization."
},
{
"docid": "D820307#0",
"title": "http://www.foodtimeline.org/foodmaya.html\n.",
"text": "\"Food Timeline library Food Timeline FAQs: Aztec, Maya, & Inca foods and recipes Have questions? Ask!Aztec Maya Inca Chocolate ...uses & recipes Traditional Mexican foods ...chilis, tortillas, tamales, atole & posole, tacos, salsa, guacamole, mole poblano, etc. Recommended reading: America's First Cuisines, Sophie D. Coe (scholarly resources)Mexico and Central Highland America, Cambridge World History of Food, Kiple & Ornelas The Cuisines of Mexico, Diana Kennedy Foods America Gave the World, A. Hyatt Verrill Pre-Hispanic Cooking /Ana M. de Benitez A note of caution: The first written descriptions we have of Pre-Columbian societies came from Spanish explorers and missionaries in the 16th century. Historians warn us these primary accounts contain many innacuracies. This was, in part, due new food encounters and European/Catholic bias. Aztec Vegetables & fruits ... Meats & poultry ... Chinampas (agricluture, floating gardens)... markets ... meals & dining customs ... casseroles ..... chia ..... Aztec chocolate ... modernized Aztec chocolate recipe\"\"Aztec food...is a subject for which relatively rich written source material exists... The chronicle of Bernal Diaz del Castillo, who accompanied Cortes...and the illustrated work...of Father Sahagun, written in the 1530s, are full of fascinating detail for food historians. The Aztecs, coming south from the deserts of New Mexico, had in the 14th century occupied sites in the valley of Mexico, an area rich in lakes, whose produce (fowl of many kinds, fish, frogs, water insects, algae) the newcomers adopted with enthusiasm. They flourished and established their dominion over a wide area... Sahagun tells us they feasted...on white tortillas, grains of maize, turkey eggs, turkeys, and all kinds of fruit. He gives a list of 25 fruits, including four varieties of sweet potato, sweet manioc, avocados, and come cacti. It is said that they flinched from chocolate at first, but when the Indians set the example they drank and found it good... The description by Bernal Diaz of how Motechuhzoma was served and ate, and of the thousands of jars of foaming chocolate, is famous."
},
{
"docid": "D1415893#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_were_Mayan_cities_like\nWhat were Mayan cities like?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of Central America Mayans What were Mayan cities like? Flag What were Mayan cities like? Edit Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. They were rain forest and they were hard to lice in and they were hot and sticky and dry and they had a lack of water because when it rain the rain would sink into the rocks1 person found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No What do Mayan cities look like?they were tall pretty buildings with drawings on them smooth and precised Edit What were the Mayans like? The Mayans filed their teeth in ornamental patterns. Those of higher ranking had inlays of gemstones like emerald on their teeth. Men and women also adorned their bodies w …What is the largest Mayan city? Tikal Edit What was used to build Mayan cities?sandstone and limestone Edit Where are the Mayan cities?tenochtitlan! (. Y. )Edit Julia Guerra 3 Contributions What is the name of the Mayan city-states?"
},
{
"docid": "D3324268#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_did_the_Maya_and_the_Inca_adapt_to_their_environment\nHow did the Maya and the Inca adapt to their environment?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of South America Incas How did the Maya and the Inca adapt to their environment? Flag How did the Maya and the Inca adapt to their environment? Answer by Flapjack132 Confidence votes 77The Maya adapted to their environment by using the reeds and mud on the swampy island they live on to build houses. The Maya also built chinampas, or \"\"floating gardens,\"\" so that they could plant food to eat. The Inca adapted to their environment by building bridges and roads to cross deep canyons and valleys, and they built roads because it was easier to pull a wagon full of goods on a flat solid surface than a lumpy, or bumpy ground.7 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No How did the Ancient Incas adapt to their environment?they built rope bridges to get around and terraces to grow crops How did the Pre-Columbian civilizations of the Aztecs and Incas adapt to their environment? Both of these civilizations were in some adverse climate that we would difficult to live with. However, they found a way to adapt into their environment. The Inca civilization …Raging Rahman 1 Contribution Aztecs and Incas adapted to their environment? They adapted to the steep environment by terracing.not really Chuck Siata 86,163 Contributions Avid political scientist with a strong focus on US History, including the political & military aspects of the US Civil War."
},
{
"docid": "D1135037#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/pre-Columbian-civilizations\nPre-Columbian civilizations",
"text": "Pre-Columbian civilizations, the aboriginal American Indian cultures that evolved in Mesoamerica (part of Mexico and Central America) and the Andean region (western South America) prior to Spanish exploration and conquest in the 16th century. The pre-Columbian civilizations were extraordinary developments in human society and culture, ranking with the early civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia, and China. Like the ancient civilizations of the Old World, those in the New World were characterized by kingdoms and empires, great monuments and cities, and refinements in the arts, metallurgy, and writing; the ancient civilizations of the Americas also display in their histories similar cyclical patterns of growth and decline, unity and disunity. In the New World the roots of civilization lay in a native agricultural way of life. These agricultural beginnings go back several millennia, to perhaps about 7000 bce and the first experimentations by the early Americans with plant cultivation. The domestication of successful food plants proved to be a long, slow process, and it was not until much later that a condition of permanent village farming life was achieved in the tropical latitudes of the two continents. Sedentary village farming in Mesoamerica came into being by about 1500 bce. Corn (maize), beans, squashes, chili peppers, and cotton were the most important crops. These early villagers wove cloth, made pottery, and practiced other typical Neolithic skills. It appears that such villages were economically self-contained and politically autonomous, with an egalitarian social order."
},
{
"docid": "D2391462#0",
"title": "https://www.slideserve.com/Jims/mesoamerican-andean-civilizations\nMesoamerican & Andean Civilizations - PowerPoint PPT Presentation",
"text": "Download1 / 21Mesoamerican & Andean Civilizations - Power Point PPT Presentation By Jims Follow User517 Views Uploaded on Oct 25, 2011Description Statistics Report Mesoamerican & Andean Civilizations. Mesoamerica. In what is now southern Mexico and Central America Rain forests cover the region Fertile soil made this a good area for farming People first appeared in this area around 12,000 BC Maize (corn) being grown around 3500 BC. The Olmec. Download Presentation Power Point Slideshow about 'Mesoamerican & Andean Civilizations' - Jims Download Now An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - E N D - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Presentation Transcript Mesoamerican & Andean Civilizations Mesoamerica In what is now southern Mexico and Central America Rain forests cover the region Fertile soil made this a good area for farming People first appeared in this area around 12,000 BCMaize (corn) being grown around 3500 BCThe Olmec First urban civilization formed in Mesoamerica – around 1200 BCBuilt the first pyramids in the Americas Developed the first writing system in the Americas Traded with others from far away Civilization ended around 400 BCThe Maya Developed in Mesoamerica around 1000 BCLived in an area of thick forests making farming hard Grew to more than 40 cities of 5,000 to 50,000 people each during the classic age from AD 250 to 900Spread throughout the Yucatan Peninsula Traded goods to different areas of Mesoamerica Mayan Cities Built large pyramids, temples, and palaces Canals built to control the flow of water through cities Large plazas built for public events Hillsides turned into flat terraces so crops could be grown close to cities Maya Society Complex class structure Upper class included kings, priests, warriors, and merchants Lower class included most of the Maya Farmers had to give crops to ruler and serve in the army Slaves held the lowest position in society Slaves included orphans, slaves’ children, and people who owed money Religion Worshipped many gods The most important god was the creator Other gods included a sun god, moon goddess, and maize god People believed they had to please the gods by offering human blood Maya Achievements Art and architectural achievements Sculpture and jade and gold jewelry Built cities using metal tools Mayan cities largest architectural achievement Built observatories to study the stars Developed the calendar and number systems Also developed a writing system similar to Egyptian hieroglyphics Mayan Warfare Mayan cities usually battled each other to gain power Warfare very bloody Fought hand-to-hand using spears, flint knives, and wooden clubs Often killed enemy prisoners Burned enemy towns and villages Warfare may have led to the destruction of the Mayan civilization Causes of the Decline of the Mayan Civilization Began to collapse around 900The cause of the collapse is unknown Warfare may have contributed Kings made demands of people and they may have rebelled A long period of dry weather may have made it hard to grow crops A mix of events probably led to the decline The Aztec Empire Ruled a large empire in central Mesoamerica Founded around 1100Controlled a huge trade network Aztec Society People divided into social classes Kings and nobles the most important Priests and warriors below kings Merchants and artisans next Farmers and slaves the lowest Aztec Achievements Built floating gardens called chinampas Studied astronomy and created a calendar Built bridges and canals Had a complex writing system Cortez and the Aztecs Spanish explorer Hernan Cortez arrived in Mexico in 1519Aztec emperor Moctezuma II thought Cortez was a god Cortez took the emperor prisoner The Aztecs became angry and drove the Spanish out Cortez came back in 1521 and conquered the Aztecs The Inca Empire Began as a small tribe in the Andes in South America By the 1500’s empire stretched from Ecuador to Chile12 million people in empire Government was centralized and controlled many aspects of life Incas paid the government in labor and goods Inca Society Most Incans farmers No merchants or markets in the empire Government officials gave people goods through the labor tax system Inca Achievements Built massive buildings made of stone blocks Produced art of gold and silver No written language Pizarro and the Incas Spaniards came to Peru in 1530When the Incas would not convert to Christianity, the Spanish attacked Spanish defeated the Incans in 1537 and took control of the area Similarities of the Fall of the Inca and Aztec Both empires had internal problems before the Spanish arrived The leaders of both empires captured by the Spanish The Spanish had an advantage with horses and guns Disease weakened and killed many native people Review What was the first crop grown in Mesoamerica? What was the name of the first civilization in Mesoamerica? When did the Mayan civilization develop? Did the Mayans worship only one god? What were some of the causes of the decline of the Mayan civilization?"
},
{
"docid": "D838579#0",
"title": "https://www.pinterest.com/pin/362680576215134699/\nExplore Central America, South America, and more!",
"text": "\"Central America South America Latin America Mayan Ruins Ancient Ruins Aztec Ruins Ancient History Ancient Greek Ancient Mysteries Mayan Ruins of Tonina - Chiapas, Mexico. The story of Chiapas was a very brutal ending Maya rule. See More Tikal Picture That Maya Civilization Mayan Ruins Aztec Temple Mothers Mesoamerican Central America South America Tikal (Tik’al in modern Mayan orthography) is one of the largest archaeological sites and urban centres of the Pre-Columbian Maya civilization. It is located in the archaeological region of the Petén Basin in what is now northern Guatemala. See Moreby barrowclough Ara ❥ on Mayan Ruins Ancient Ruins Ancient History Aztec Ruins Ancient Art Ancient Egypt Amazing Places Beautiful Places Ancient Architecture The Palenque Mayan Ruins- Yucatan See More10 Useful Things you Must know Before Traveling to Mexico, an Exciting and Challenging Destination Largest Pyramid Worldwide Travel Mexico City Viva Mexico Tulum Mexico Teotihuacan Mexico The Pyramids Places To Visit Aztec Architecture The pyramid of the Sun in Teotihuacanthe, world's third largest pyramid, Mexico 10 Useful Things you Must know Before Traveling to Mexico, an Exciting and Challenging Destination See More Aztec Temple Temple Mayan Temple Ruins Aztec Architecture Ancient Chinese Architecture Ancient Ruins Mayan Ruins The Ruins Latin America Temple of the Sun, Palenque, Chiapas, Mexico See More Tulum Mexico The Temple Aztec Architecture Ciudad Maya Mayan Ruins Mesoamerican Places To Go Central America Travel Pictures Mayan Ruins of Palenque, Mexico // Unbelievable. See More Yucatan Mayan Ruins Ancient Ruins Mexico Quotes Ciudad Maya Chichen Itza Mexico Aztec Temple North America Central America Piramide o Templo de Kukulcan en Chichen-Itza, Yucatan, Mexico. See More The Sun The O'jays Teotihuacan Mexico Mexico City Df Mexico Viva Mexico The Pyramids The Temple Aztec Temple Teotihuacan ('the place where the gods were created'), 50 km north-east of Mexico City. Built between the and centuries A., it is characterized by the vast size of its monuments – the Temple of Quetzalcoatl and the Pyramids of the Sun and the Moon. See More Aztec Temple Temple Mayan Temple Ruins Ancient Ruins Ancient History Mayan Ruins Culture Of Mexico History Of Mexico Aztec Architecture Temple of the Feathered Serpent, Xochicalco, Mexico ~ Templo de la Serpiente Emplumada See Moreby abracapocus World Heritage Sites Mexico Travel Archaeological Site Civilization Aztec Maya Places To Visit Scenery Plants Archaeological Monuments Zone of Xochicalco (UNESCO World Heritage Site)See More Mayan Ruins Aztec Ruins Visit Mexico Beautiful Places Wonderful Places Amazing Places Photos Pictures Archaeological Site Mexico Palenque: I remember it began to rain and we did what the women did - picked an Elephant Ear palm leaf and used it as an umbrella. To enjoy Palenque in the rain is a beautiful memory."
}
] |
619872
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what did the balfour declaration announce
|
[
{
"docid": "D2764860#0",
"title": "http://history1900s.about.com/cs/holocaust/p/balfourdeclare.htm\nThe History of the Balfour Declaration",
"text": "The Balfour Declaration was a November 2, 1917 letter from British Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour to Lord Rothschild that made public the British support of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. The Balfour Declaration led the League of Nations to entrust the United Kingdom with the Palestine Mandate in 1922. A Little Background The Balfour Declaration was a product of years of careful negotiation. After centuries of living in a diaspora, the 1894 Dreyfus Affair in France shocked Jews into realizing they would not be safe from arbitrary antisemitism unless they had their own country. In response, Jews created the new concept of political Zionism in which it was believed that through active political maneuvering, a Jewish homeland could be created. Zionism was becoming a popular concept by the time World War I began. World War I and Chaim Weizmann During World War I, Great Britain needed help. Since Germany (Britain's enemy during WWI) had cornered the production of acetone —an important ingredient for arms production—Great Britain may have lost the war if Chaim Weizmann had not invented a fermentation process that allowed the British to manufacture their own liquid acetone. It was this fermentation process that brought Weizmann to the attention of David Lloyd George (minister of ammunitions) and Arthur James Balfour (previously the British prime minister but at this time the first lord of the admiralty). Chaim Weizmann was not just a scientist; he was also the leader of the Zionist movement."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1361435#0",
"title": "http://foundingdocs.gov.au/item-did-25.html\n.",
"text": "Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942 (Cth)Significance With this document Australia adopted an Act of the British Parliament which set out as law the independence of the governments of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Eire and Newfoundland. These had become self-governing Dominions of Britain, rather than colonies, but what this meant constitutionally had never been made clear. Britain's Statute of Westminster, an Act of Parliament passed in December 1931, was the legal recognition of the evolved independence of the Dominions within the British Commonwealth. It defined the equal status of the Dominion Parliaments with the British Parliament, and established that the Dominions were under the authority of the Crown, and not the government, of Britain. In adopting provisions of the Statute, Australia ratified the free and equal status of its government in relation to the government of Britain. One effect was to remove the necessity of reserving certain Bills for the assent of the sovereign. Ten Bills, most related to shipping and navigation, had been reserved since 1901; nine had received the Royal Assent. This document was thus another step in a process of constitutional separation following those taken with the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 and the Balfour Declaration in 1926. The next step was the Australia Act in 1986. History The Statute of Westminster 1931 resolved legal issues resulting from the greater international status and autonomy achieved by the Dominions in 1919 and in the resolutions of the Imperial Conferences of the 1920s."
},
{
"docid": "D2259011#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/117842642/nationalism-and-revolution-flash-cards/\nNationalism and Revolution",
"text": "53 terms cassidyschlotterbeck Nationalism and Revolution Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Imperialism in Britian The Ottoman Empire challenged control of the suez canal and their colonies. Gandhi Leader of Independence movement, middle class hindu, wanted equality for all citizens. Satyagraha civil disobedience, truth force, purpose: to weaken British government and economy Civil Disobedienece Disobeying unfair laws, required no violence. Manchuria Invasion Area of China that got invaded without government consent. Chinese Revolution Opium war left unfinished business to do Chiang Kai-Shek Leader of the Nationalists in China Mao Zedong Leader of the communist party in China, wanted advances in agriculture and coal, electricity, iron, and steel production, china became a leading industrial company. League of Nations When:1919-1920 Where: France Who: Almost every independent nation What: Encouraged cooperation and a stop to aggression Failed: Americans refusal to join Balfour Declaration A British document that made Israel it's own country Great Depression Blamed on the US stock market crash. Genocide System of killing a mass number of people of one religion Inflation What happens when price of goods rises Totalitarian State Having total control over the lives of people Methods of Totalitarian State (List) Indoctrination,Propaganda, Censorship, Terror, Charisma, One Party Rule, Economic Control, Extreme Nationalism Stalin Dedicated to the spread of socialism, was in control of the Communist Party, wanted the SOVIET UNION to industrialize and modernize, wanted a command economy Mussolini Italy, was elected into his dictatorial power for one year to restore social order Impact of Treaty of Versailles on Germany Ambitious dictators rearmed, pursuing aggressive foreign policy Hitler Helped formed the Nazis, wrote meinkampf. Kristallnacht- Night of Broken Glass Nazi SA Troopers caused street violence against the Jews Propaganda Using newspapers, magazines, radio, speeches and movies to give people a ONE SIDED MESSAGEIndoctrination To teach people a system of beliefs (thoughts) without questioning Censorship The removal of anything objectionable to or critical of the ruling party Terror The use of violence or the threat of violence to produce fear so that the people will obey the state Charisma A quality about a leader that makes people eager to follow him or her One Party Rule Only ONE POLITICAL PARTY is allowed to exist. It has complete power Economic Control The state will decide what will be made and sold Authoritarian Having control, but not total control over the lives of people Extreme Nationalism The belief by a group of people that their country is better than any other country Ahimsa Non-violence to all life Command Economy Government makes all the economic decisions. New Deal Policy Goals Relief, Recovery,Reform Locarno Treaties When:1925 Where: Switzerland Who: Germany,France,Belgium, Czechoslovakia and Poland What: Settled Germany's disputed borders Failed: Ambitious dictators rearmed, pursuing aggressive foreign policy Kellogg-Brand Pact When: 1928 Where: France Who: Almost every independent nation What: Treaty that renounced war as a means of solving disputes Failed: Could not enforce ban Fascism Ruled by a dictator Limited Capitalism Communism Ruled by a communist party, command economy Night of Long Knives When more than a thousand SA officials were killed Enforcement of the Treaty of Versailles began with the issue of what?"
},
{
"docid": "D573239#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_realm\nCommonwealth realm",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Current Commonwealth realms Former Commonwealth realms or Dominions Elizabeth II is the reigning sovereign of each of the 16 Commonwealth realms. A Commonwealth realm is a sovereign state that is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and shares the same person, currently Queen Elizabeth II, as its head of state and reigning constitutional monarch, but retains a crown legally distinct from the other realms. As of 2017, there are sixteen Commonwealth realms: Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, and the United Kingdom. The Statute of Westminster 1931 provided for the then Dominions —named therein as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, the Irish Free State, and Newfoundland —to have full legislative independence as equal members of the British Commonwealth of Nations, having, together with the United Kingdom, one person as the sovereign of each. Subsequently, India and Pakistan (both in 1947) and Ceylon (in 1948) became Dominions. By the early 1950s, in order to reflect the equality between the countries in that group, each (including the United Kingdom, but not the former Irish Free State and India, which had by that time become republics) came to be known as a realm. The word was formally used in Britain's proclamation of Elizabeth II as queen in 1952 and was adopted for the modern royal styles and titles under the legislation enacted by the individual countries. The principle was applied to other countries as they became Commonwealth realms, having sovereign status granted directly. The phrase Commonwealth realm, though used officially, is not a statutory term. Contents [ hide ]1 Current Commonwealth realms2 Relationship of the realms3 The Crown in the Commonwealth realms3.1 Royal succession and regency3.2 Monarch's role in the realms3.3 Religious role of the monarch3.4 Royal family4 Flags5 Historical development5.1 Dominions emerge5.2 Interwar period5.2.1 Statute of Westminster5.2.2 Independent Dominions5.3 Post-war evolution5.4 From the accession of Queen Elizabeth II6 Former Commonwealth realms6.1 List of states6.2 Republican referendums7 See also8 Notes9 References9.1 Citation10 Bibliography11 External links Current Commonwealth realms [ edit]There are 16 Commonwealth realms currently with a combined area (excluding Antarctic claims) of 18.7 million km 2 (7.2 million mi 2) [1] and a population of 144 million, [2] of which all but about two million live in the six most populous: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand, and Jamaica."
},
{
"docid": "D1434248#0",
"title": "http://dictionary.sensagent.com/Unconditional%20surrender/en-en/\nUnconditional surrenderupdate",
"text": "\"Unconditional surrenderupdate For other uses, see Unconditional surrender (disambiguation). Unconditional surrender is a surrender without conditions, in which no guarantees are given to the surrendering party. In modern times unconditional surrenders most often include guarantees provided by international law. Announcing that only unconditional surrender is acceptable puts psychological pressure on a weaker adversary. Perhaps the most notable unconditional surrender was by the Axis powers in World War II. Contents1 Examples1.1 Napoleon Bonaparte1.2 American Civil War1.3 World War II2 Surrender at discretion3 See also4 References and notes5 Further reading Examples Napoleon Bonaparte When Napoleon Bonaparte escaped from his enforced exile on the island of Elba, among other steps that the delegates of the European the powers at the Congress of Vienna took was to issue a statement on 13 March 1815 declaring Napoleon Bonaparte to be an outlaw. The text includes the following paragraphs: By thus breaking the convention which had established him in the island of Elba, Bonaparte destroys the only legal title on which his existence depended, and by appearing again in France, with projects of confusion and disorder, he has deprived himself of the protection of the law, and has manifested to the universe that there can be neither peace nor truce with him. The powers consequently declare, that Napoleon Bonaparte has placed himself without the pale of civil and social relations; and that, as an enemy and disturber of the tranquillity of the world, he has rendered himself liable to public vengeance.— Plenipotentiaries of the high powers who signed the Treaty of Paris (1814). [ 1]Consequently, as he was an outlaw, when, at the end of his Hundred Days, Napoleon Bonaparte surrendered to Captain Maitland of HMS Bellerophon was he was not protected by military law or under international law as a head of state, and so the British were under no obligation either to accept his surrender or to spare his life (although they did so, and exiled him to the remote South Atlantic island of St Helena ). ["
},
{
"docid": "D3143804#0",
"title": "https://sites.google.com/a/umn.edu/global-history/home/5-between-wwi-wwii\n05 Between WWI and WWII",
"text": "\"Unit Overview Student Contribution #1World war one ended with a peace agreement to stop the war. Later the Monroe Doctrine was signed by all countries. Being World War I only war to occur again. Peace settlement decided by the United States, France, and Britain. Germany was blamed for causing it, thus had to pay for the loss in all countries involved, causing much embarrassment for the country of Germany. It lost parts of land and people, Military reduced to less than one-eighth of a size, Germany ordered to pay the cost of war. All in all, morale was down because of the millions of men were killed. Everyone was in an economic depression, giving room for many new ideas of revolutions and nationalism around the world. Japan, Germany, Italy and the United States and many others have different desires that all believe the only way to regain power and economic efforts was to expand the country. Japan borders were enclosing and their population was rapidly increasing, with no more economic support from the USA halting trades."
},
{
"docid": "D1803844#0",
"title": "http://www.etzel.org.il/english/ac02.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Towards the end of the First World War, while the British and the Turkish forces were still fighting in Palestine, Lord Rothschild received from the British Foreign Office an official letter, which later came to be known as the Balfour Declaration. It read as follows: The Foreign Office November 2, 1917Dear Lord Rothschild, I have much pleasure in conveying to you, on behalf of His Majesty's Government, the following declaration of sympathy with Jewish Zionist aspirations which has been submitted to, and approved by, the Cabinet. \"\" His Majesty's Government views with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country. \"\" I should be grateful if you would bring this declaration to the knowledge of the Zionist Federation. Yours sincerely, Arthur James Balfour When the First World War ended, discussions commenced on the future of Palestine and the region as a whole. On April 19, 1920, the Allies (Britain, France, Italy and Greece, Japan and Belgium) convened at San Remo in Italy to discuss a peace treaty with Turkey. It was decided at that conference to assign to Great Britain the mandate over Palestine on both sides of the Jordan and the responsibility for putting the Balfour Declaration into effect. While the conference was in session, the Arabs launched violent action to foil its implementation. The first Arab riots took place in Jerusalem in the intermediary days of Passover (April) 1920. The Jewish community had anticipated the Arab reaction, and was ready to meet it."
},
{
"docid": "D2485920#0",
"title": "http://israelforever.org/programs/balfourinitiative/\nOn November 2, 1917, the Jewish nation received public validation of our ancient hope for our return to Tzion and a state of our own.",
"text": "On November 2, 1917, the Jewish nation received public validation of our ancient hope for our return to Tzion and a state of our own. The Balfour Declaration affirmed the right for the return of Jewish sovereignty in the ancient Homeland of Israel, the outcome of years of struggle by Jewish and Zionist leaders to return the Jewish People to their historic and indigenous land. One of many steps toward statehood, the Balfour Initiative aims to highlight the history that led to this monumental international recognition, explore the events leading up to and following the declaration, and emphasize the valuable legacy of commitment, leadership, and activism in our fight against the widespread delegitimization efforts of today. Explore The Balfour Initiative Sign The Balfour Declaration!Teaching Balfour Get Involved with The Balfour Initiative Plan Your Balfour Centenary Celebration Why Does Balfour Matter? Balfour Info Booklet STAND WITH BALFOURProtect its legacy as an affirmation of our ancestral rights and heritage in the national homeland of the Jewish people. Explore the reasons Balfour remains relevant today and to the future. Join us in commemorating the 100 year anniversary of the Declaration and revive our collective commitment and affirmation of its legacy The Declaration Heard Around the World1 Million Signatures for Balfour: Herzl's Legacy Coming to Life Make Your Declaration The 1Millionfor100Years campaign unites the voices for Israel from around the world, showing the international community that global recognition of the historic and indigenous rights of the Jewish People to Israel that began with Balfour continues till today. Balfour Declaration 2017WHY BALFOUR MATTERSToday we are witnessing attempts to damage and even eradicate the legacy of The Balfour Declaration, to alter the historical truth. Now is the time to arm ourselves with the facts and take action. A Reevaluation of the Balfour Declaration Why Does Balfour Matter?"
},
{
"docid": "D1361430#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statute_of_Westminster_1931\nStatute of Westminster 1931",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other similarly-named legislation, see Statute of Westminster. Statute of Westminster, 1931 [1]Act of Parliament Parliament of the United Kingdom Long title An Act to give effect to certain resolutions passed by Imperial Conferences held in the years 1926 and 1930. Citation 1931 c. 4Dates Royal assent 11 December 1931Status: Current legislation Text of statute as originally enacted Text of the Statute of Westminster 1931 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk Part of a series on the Constitution of Canada Constitutional history Bill of Rights (1689)Act of Settlement (1701)Treaty of Paris (1763)Royal Proclamation (1763)Quebec Act (1774)Constitutional Act (1791)Act of Union (1840)Constitution Act (1867)Supreme Court Act (1875)Constitution Act, 1886British North America Acts (1867–1975)Statute of Westminster (1931)Succession to the Throne Act (1937)Letters Patent (1947)Canada Act (1982)Constitution Act (1982)Document list Amendments Unsuccessful amendments Constitutional law Constitutional debate Patriation Charter of Rights and Freedoms Canadian federalism Law of Canada Canadian Bill of Rights Implied Bill of Rights Canadian Human Rights Act Politics of Canada portalv t e The Statute of Westminster 1931 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and modified versions of it are now domestic law within Australia and Canada; it has been repealed in New Zealand and implicitly in former Dominions that are no longer Commonwealth realms. Passed on 11 December 1931, the act, [2] either immediately or upon ratification, effectively both established the legislative independence of the self-governing Dominions of the British Empire from the United Kingdom and bound them all to seek each other's approval for changes to monarchical titles and the common line of succession. It thus became a statutory embodiment of the principles of equality and common allegiance to the Crown set out in the Balfour Declaration of 1926. It was a crucial step in the development of the Dominions as separate states. The Statute of Westminster's relevance today is that it sets the basis for the continuing relationship between the Commonwealth realms and the Crown. [ 3]Contents [ hide ]1 Application1.1 Australia1.2 Canada1.3 Irish Free State1.4 New Zealand1.5 Newfoundland1.6 Union of South Africa2 Implications for succession to the throne2.1 Abdication of King Edward VIII3 Commemoration4 See also5 Footnotes6 External links Application [ edit]The Statute of Westminster gave effect to certain political resolutions passed by the Imperial Conferences of 1926 and 1930; in particular, the Balfour Declaration of 1926. The main effect was the removal of the ability of the British parliament to legislate for the Dominions, part of which also required the repeal of the Colonial Laws Validity Act 1865 in its application to the Dominions. King George V expressed his desire that the laws of royal succession be exempt from the statute's provisions, but it was determined that this would be contrary to the principles of equality set out in the Balfour Declaration."
},
{
"docid": "D2976865#0",
"title": "http://seekingtruth.co.uk/israel_borders.htm\nIsrael's Legal Borders under International Law",
"text": "\"HOMEIsrael's Legal Borders under International Law For Israel's Future Borders according to the Bible, see Millennial Borders See also Balfour Declarationand Who Owns Jerusalem? \"\" We must constantly repeat that the root of the conflict is the very existence of the State of Israel, the refusal to recognize the State of Israel in any borders whatsoever.\"\" [ Benjamin Netanyahu, 2012]Today there is much dispute over the borders of the land of Israel. At one extreme some claim Israel should not even exist and for them the border issue is academic. At the other extreme, the 'hard right' in Israel claim all of the Biblical land established by God's covenenant to Abraham. Most governments outside Israel claim Israel has occcupied land illegally. What is the truth, and where will this dispute end? Video 1 below summarises Israel's legal right to settle in Palestine - anywhere between the Mediterranean and the Jordan, including all of Jerusalem. Video 2 asks the question \"\"how holy is Jerusalem and the Temple Mount to Muslims and Jews? \"\" See Video 1See Video 2The Land of Israel pre-1948During the seventh century Arab armies conquered most of the Middle East, including the land now variously called Israel, Palestine and the Holy Land (some 10,000 square miles)."
},
{
"docid": "D1226308#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/4564899/apush-phs-flash-cards/\napush phs",
"text": "\"50 terms ammaclaughlinapush phs Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Pendleton Act (1883) Civil Service Reform; one of the major issues of the Gilded Age. 1883 Pendleton Civil Service Act introduces merit system. The Pendleton Civil Service Act, passed by Congress in 1882, created the Civil Service Commission to oversee competitive examinations for government positions. The act gave the commission jurisdiction over only 10 percent of federal jobs, though the president could expand the list. Because the Constitution barred Congress from interfering in state affairs, civil service at state and local levels developed more haphazardly. Munn v. IL (1886) states can regulate railroads. declaring that grain warehouses owned by railroads acted in the public interest and therefore must submit to regulation for \"\"the common good. \"\" Wabash Case (1887) states can definitely regulate railroads because they cross borders of states\"\"Red Record\"\" by Ida B. Wells wrote The Red Record in 1905 to publicize knowledge of lynchings in America."
},
{
"docid": "D1408815#0",
"title": "http://www.merip.org/primer-palestine-israel-arab-israeli-conflict-new\n.",
"text": "Primer on Palestine, Israel and the Arab-Israeli Conflict Contents The Land and the People The British Mandate in Palestine The United Nations Partition Plan The Palestinian Refugees Palestinians Palestinian Citizens of Israel The June 1967 War UN Security Council Resolution 242The Occupied Territories Jerusalem The Palestine Liberation Organization The October 1973 War and the Role of Egypt The First Intifada The Negotiation Process The Oslo Accords The Second (al-Aqsa) Intifada The 2002 Arab Peace Plan The Separation Barrier Popular Resistance The Road Map and the Quartet Israel’s “Withdrawal” from the Gaza Strip The 2006 Palestinian Elections and the Rise of Hamas Israel’s Siege of the Gaza Strip The Secret Olmert-Abbas Negotiations Palestinian Statehood and the UNClick to view or download a PDF of the Primer. The conflict between Palestinian Arabs and Zionist (now Israeli) Jews is a modern phenomenon, dating to the end of the nineteenth century. Although the two groups have different religions (Palestinians include Muslims, Christians and Druze), religious differences are not the cause of the strife. The conflict began as a struggle over land. From the end of World War I until 1948, the area that both groups claimed was known internationally as Palestine. That same name was also used to designate a less well-defined “Holy Land” by the three monotheistic religions. Following the war of 1948–1949, this land was divided into three parts: the State of Israel, the West Bank (of the Jordan River) and the Gaza Strip. It is a small area—approximately 10,000 square miles, or about the size of the state of Maryland. The competing claims to the territory are not reconcilable if one group exercises exclusive political control over all of it. Jewish claims to this land are based on the biblical promise to Abraham and his descendants, on the fact that the land was the historical site of the ancient Jewish kingdoms of Israel and Judea, and on Jews’ need for a haven from European anti-Semitism."
},
{
"docid": "D3420488#0",
"title": "https://prezi.com/oeexbabu5x15/the-mandate-system-of-the-middle-east/\nThe Mandate System of the Middle East",
"text": "\"Public & reusable Create your own Make a copy Share Embed Like The Mandate System of the Middle East An overview of the Mandate System in the Middle East, its causes, effects and application to modern conflicts.by Janna Paramoreon 7 May 20136 Tweet Comments ( 1)jesus julian · 730 days agoi like the imformation that post Please log in to add your comment. Report abuse Transcript of The Mandate System of the Middle East Thesis Sykes-Picot Agreement The Mandate System The Mandate System in the Middle East: A History By: Janna Paramore Although the Mandate System of the Middle East put in place by the League of Nations was intended to aid regions in finding their independence after the Ottoman Empire's untimely collapse, it only resulted in further complicating the dynamics of this region by reaffirming Western superiority over the people of the Middle East, spurring Arab hostility and mistrust towards the West, and allowing religious differences in the region to grow to astronomical heights. Who? The League of Nations devised the Mandate System. What? A system of mandates that could easily prepare the territories of the former Central Powers during WWI for independent self government. Where? Why? How? The League of Nations officially established the Mandate System in Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations."
},
{
"docid": "D1803846#0",
"title": "http://www.paperlessarchives.com/irgun.html\n.",
"text": "\"Menachem Begin - IRGUN - Jewish Underground FBI/British Intelligence/CIA/Department of Defense Files2,260 pages of FBI, British Intelligence MI5 MI6, CIA, Department of Defense files, and international press monitoring covering Menachem Begin and IRGUN, the Jewish Underground and the establishment of the State of Israel, archived on CD-ROM. Menachem Begin was born in Brest-Litovsk, Poland on August 16, 1913. He was educated at the Mizrachi Hebrew School and the Polish Gymnasium (High School). In 1931, he entered Warsaw University and earned a law degree in 1935. Until the age of 13 he belonged to the Hashomer Hatza'ir scout movement, and at the age of 16 joined Betar (Brit Trumpeldor), the nationalist youth movement associated with the Zionist Revisionist Movement. In 1932 he became head of the Organization Department of Betar for Poland traveling on its behalf throughout the country. In 1937 he returned to Poland, and for a time was imprisoned for leading a demonstration in front of the British Legation in Warsaw, protesting against British policy in Palestine. He organized groups of Betar members who went to Palestine as illegal immigrants, and in 1939 became the head of the movement in Poland. On the outbreak of World War II, he was arrested by the Russian authorities and in 1940-41 was confined in concentration camps in Siberia and elsewhere, but was released under the terms of the Stalin Sikorski agreement. Menachem Begin came to prominence as an advocate of the view that mainstream Zionist groups were too accommodating with the British authorities in pre-1948 Palestine, and advocated the use of force to establish a Jewish state."
},
{
"docid": "D1222193#0",
"title": "https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/balfour_commentary.html\nHistory of the Balfour Declaration",
"text": "On November 2, 1917, British Foreign Secretary Lord Arthur James Balfour wrote a letter to Lord Walter Rothschild. The contents of this letter became known as the Balfour Declaration: His Majesty's Government views with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country. Why did Britain issue the declaration? The answer is the subject to debate. One argument is that the British wanted to reward the Zionist leader most active in lobbying for a declaration, Chaim Weizmann, because of his invention of a process for producing acetone, which was used in the manufacture of explosives critical to the Allied war effort in World War I. A second explanation is that the British desperately needed the United States to enter the war and some officials had an essentially anti-Semitic view that American Jews had a great deal of influence with the government and would rally support for England. They calculated that support for a Jewish home would make those Jews happy and encourage them to lobby the government to join the war against Germany and its allies. Some also feared that Germany would act first and makes its own pro-Zionist declaration. Historian Tom Segev suggested that Weizmann might have exploited this attitude. “ For once, the anti-Semitic image of the Jews proved useful – they were believed to be so maliciously dangerous that one would do best to acquire them as allies rather than as enemies. ”Segev suggests a third reason for British sympathy toward Zionism."
},
{
"docid": "D2266754#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_(UK)\nPrime Minister of the United Kingdom",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Prime Minister (UK))navigation search For a list of prime ministers, see List of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom. Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Royal Arms used by Her Majesty's Government Incumbent Theresa May since 13 July 2016Government of the United Kingdom Office of the Prime Minister Style Prime Minister (informal)The Right Honourable (within the UK and the Commonwealth)His/Her Excellency (in international correspondence) [1]Member of Cabinet Privy Council European Council British–Irish Council Reports to Parliament Residence10 Downing Street Chequers Seat Westminster Appointer Monarch of the United Kingdom Term length At Her Majesty's pleasure Inaugural holder Sir Robert Walpoleas First Lord of the Treasury and de facto first Prime Minister. Formation 4 April 1721Salary £151,451 [2]annual, including £76,011 MP's salary [3]Website Official website The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister (sometimes informally abbreviated to PM) and Cabinet (consisting of all the most senior ministers, most of whom are government department heads) are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Monarch, to Parliament, to their political party and ultimately to the electorate. The office is one of the Great Offices of State. The current holder of the office, Theresa May, leader of the Conservative Party, was appointed by the Queen on 13 July 2016. [ 4]The office is not established by any statute or constitutional document but exists only by long-established convention, which stipulates that the monarch must appoint as Prime Minister the person most likely to command the confidence of the House of Commons; [5] this individual is typically the leader of the political party or coalition of parties that holds the largest number of seats in that chamber. The position of Prime Minister was not created; it evolved slowly and erratically over three hundred years due to numerous acts of Parliament, political developments, and accidents of history. The office is therefore best understood from a historical perspective. The origins of the position are found in constitutional changes that occurred during the Revolutionary Settlement (1688–1720) and the resulting shift of political power from the Sovereign to Parliament. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1996471#0",
"title": "http://hope-of-israel.org/whopal.html\n.",
"text": "\"Hope of Israel Ministries (Ecclesia of YEHOVAH): Just Who Are the \"\"Palestinians\"\"? The Palestinians used to repeatedly declare their intention of driving the Jews \"\"into the sea,\"\" though now they use more openly murderous expressions. On some sub-conscious mystical level the Palestinians may have been trying to re-direct what is literally prophesied concerning their own destiny. The so-called Palestinian people are the descendants of a mixed populace of local inhabitants together with numerous other groups of Muslims brought to Palestine from Bosnia, the Balkans, and the Caucasus by the Turks, and from the Sudan, Egypt, Syria, and Lebanon by the British.by Yair Davidy Obadiah prophesies about what will happen in the last days, saying --And they of the south shall possess the plain of Esau; and they of the plain the Phillistines: and they shall possess the field of Ephraim, and the fields of Samaria: and Benjamin shall possess Gilead (Obadiah 2:19). Obadiah is speaking of a time of reconciliation between Ephraim and Judah following a victory of theirs over a mutual enemy. \"\" They of the south\"\" (Hebrew: \"\"Negev\"\"), and \"\"they of the plain\"\" apparently refers to different sections of the Jewish people. It seems that \"\"the Philistines\"\" who will be dispossessed are the so-called Palestinian \"\"Arabs.\"\" Historically many of the Philistines settled in North Africa and in Europe. They had connections to various places in Anatolia (Turkey), and linguistics indicate that the Philistines also had links to the region of Illyria (on the Yugoslavian coast). Cultural features confirm a presence of theirs at the head of the Adriatic."
},
{
"docid": "D831902#0",
"title": "http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/ForeignPolicy/Issues/Pages/The-meaning-of-Israel-as-the-state-of-the-Jewish-people-20-Feb-2014.aspx\nThe meaning of Israel as the state of the Jewish people",
"text": "\"The meaning of Israel as the state of the Jewish people Avigdor Liberman, Minister of Foreign Affairs2/20/2014The international community should encourage recognition by the Palestinians of the Jewish state, in order to ensure the realization of the vision of two states for two peoples. \"\" Eretz Israel [the Land of Israel] was the birthplace of the Jewish people. Here their spiritual, religious and political identity was shaped. Here they first attained to statehood, created cultural values of national and universal significance and gave to the world the eternal Book of Books [the Bible].\"\" (The Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, 14th May 1948). The meaning of the Jewish state and its importance Decades before the founding of the state in 1948, the international community recognized the Land of Israel as the homeland of the Jewish nation. Palestinian representatives for their part have refused to recognize Israel as the Jewish state. This is not only a matter of semantics; it is, rather, an essential issue of peace making. The core of the conflict remains the Palestinian refusal to accept the existence of Israel as the nation state of the Jewish people. The Jewish people have always constituted a nation, a people and a civilization, even throughout prolonged separation from their land. Millennia before the emergence of the ‘Westphalian system’, the Jewish people had established an independent polity in the Land of Israel."
},
{
"docid": "D144990#0",
"title": "https://www.communitycollegereview.com/quinsigamond-community-college-profile\nQuinsigamond Community College",
"text": "Home > Massachusetts Quinsigamond Community College670 West Boylston Street Worcester, MA 01606 -2092Tel: (508)853-2300www.qcc.edu REQUEST INFOSAVE SCHOOLFor over 41 years, Quinsigamond Community College in Worcester, MA has provided thousands of men and women opportunities for a first-rate education and personal growth, whether preparing them for immediate entry into the workforce, transfer to bachelor level programs in four-year colleges and universities, or for personal and cultural enrichment. Area and regional businesses and professionals such as Intel Corporation, Verizon, Kennedy Diecasting, Waters Corporation, UPS, Ken-Weld, and Saint Gobain have benefited as well through regular and customized workforce training and education programming designed in partnership. In addition, the College works directly with K-12 school systems in a variety of collaborations and partnerships. School Highlights Quinsigamond Community College serves 8,452 students (39% of students are full-time). The college's student:teacher ratio of 31:1 is higher than the state community college average of 26:1. Minority enrollment is 33% of the student body (majority Hispanic and Black), which is less than the state average of 39%. Quinsigamond Community College is one of 4 community colleges within Worcester County, MA. The nearest community college is Salter College-West Boylston (2.50 miles away). School Overview The teacher population of 277 teachers has grown by 14% over five years. Quinsigamond Community College (MA) Community College Avg."
},
{
"docid": "D2485921#0",
"title": "https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/palestinians-balfour-declaration-100-resisting-past/\nPalestinians and the Balfour Declaration at 100: Resisting the Past",
"text": "Palestinians and the Balfour Declaration at 100: Resisting the Past By Dr. Alex Joffe March 26, 2017Balfour Declaration in the Times of London, 9 November 1917, via Wikimedia Commons BESA Center Perspectives Paper No. 433, March 26, 2017EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: On the 100 th anniversary of the Balfour Declaration, the Palestinians have launched a campaign calling for an official British apology and compensation. This effort illustrates the ways in which honor, internationalization, symbolism, and playing on Western guilt shape the Palestinian culture of denial, which impedes progress towards either a stable Palestinian state or peace with Israel. A striking aspect of Palestinian culture is its resistance to the realities of the past. On September 22, 2016, Palestinian Authority (PA) president Mahmoud Abbas addressed the UN. He said, “100 years have passed since the notorious Balfour Declaration, by which Britain gave, without any right, authority or consent from anyone, the land of Palestine to another people.” He went on to demand an apology from Britain. Abbas has had previously threatened to sue London for damages resulting from the declaration and the creation of Israel. This storm against the past was also on display at a recent conference at University College London that brought together British Islamists and revisionist Israelis to demand that the British government apologize for the Balfour Declaration, with the ultimate aim of exposing “the illegality of the state of Israel while giving practical steps in campaigning towards an end to the Israeli occupation of Palestine. ”What do such efforts tell us about Palestinian culture and the prospects for peace?"
},
{
"docid": "D1803845#0",
"title": "http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/irgun1.html\nIrgun Tz'va'i Le'umi (Etzel): The Establishment of the Irgun",
"text": "\"Towards the end of the First World War, while the British and the Turkish forces were still fighting in Palestine, Lord Rothschild received from the British Foreign Office an official letter, which later came to be known as the Balfour Declaration. It read as follows: The Foreign Office November 2, 1917 Dear Lord Rothschild, I have much pleasure in conveying to you, on behalf of His Majesty's Government, the following declaration of sympathy with Jewish Zionist aspirations which has been submitted to, and approved by, the Cabinet. \"\" His Majesty's Government views with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country. \"\" I should be grateful if you would bring this declaration to the knowledge of the Zionist Federation. Yours sincerely, Arthur James Balfour When the First World War ended, discussions commenced on the future of Palestine and the region as a whole. On April 19, 1920, the Allies (Britain, France, Italy and Greece, Japan and Belgium) convened at San Remo in Italy to discuss a peace treaty with Turkey. It was decided at that conference to assign to Great Britain the mandate over Palestine on both sides of the Jordan and the responsibility for putting the Balfour Declaration into effect. While the conference was in session, the Arabs launched violent action to foil its implementation. The first Arab riots took place in Jerusalem in the intermediary days of Passover (April) 1920. The Jewish community had anticipated the Arab reaction, and was ready to meet it."
}
] |
619873
|
what did the battle of baltimore do
|
[
{
"docid": "D981095#0",
"title": "http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h2499.html\nBattle of Baltimore",
"text": "\"Battle of Baltimore On June 18, 1812, the United States declared war on England, then the greatest power on earth, to preserve \"\"Free Trade and Sailors' Rights.\"\" The British, while at war with France, had interfered with U. S. trade and had boarded American ships to force sailors into service on their ships. It was not until 1814, after England had defeated Napoleon, that the British would test a stubborn, determined people in Baltimore, an anti-British hotbed. To attack the city successfully, the British would first have to seize Fort Mc Henry, the key to the city's defense. Late summer 1814 was a critical time for the United States during the War of 1812. A British blockade was taking effect and trade was critically diminished. Some segments of the country, particularly New England, proposed striking a separate peace accord with the British, who were looking for opportunities to inflict a major morale blow to the Americans. That would bring a speedy end to the war in England's favor. Baltimore, Maryland appeared to be the most likely target. The city had openly proclaimed its anti-British stance days after war was declared."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D2397443#0",
"title": "http://www.historynet.com/spirit-of-new-orleans.htm\nSpirit of New Orleans",
"text": "Spirit of New Orleansfacebook twitter linkedin pinterest print By John C. Mc Manus 4/29/2008 • Military History Andrew Jackson leads his troops against British Redcoats at the Battle of New Orleans On the misty morning of Jan. 8, 1815, soldiers of the U. S. 7th Infantry Regiment—a motley band of laborers, farmers, artisans and frontiersmen—faced off against orderly ranks of veteran British Redcoats at the Battle of New Orleans. Just hours later, with gunpowder-streaked faces, smoking muzzles and muddy coats, the Americans surveyed an awful scene of slaughter on the fields beyond their ramparts. “The whole plain on the left, as also the side of the river, from the road to the edge of the water, was covered with British soldiers who had fallen,” one soldier recalled. “ What might perhaps appear incredible…is that a space of ground, extending from the ditch of our lines to that on which the enemy drew up his troops, 250 yards in length by about 200 in breadth, was literally covered with men, either dead or severely wounded. The artillery of our lines kept up a fire against the enemy’s batteries and troops until 2 o’clock in the afternoon. The enemy’s loss…was immense, considering the short duration of the contest, the ground and the respective number of the contending forces. ”The men of the 7th, together with an assortment of militiamen from Kentucky and Tennessee, Louisiana locals and even pirates, all under the leadership of Maj. Gen. Andrew Jackson, had won a great victory, securing the Gulf Coast and New Orleans, solidifying American independence and awakening a strong sense of national identity in the young country. For Jackson personally, the victory was the first step along a path that eventually led to the White House. In 1814, after two years of inconclusive fighting, Great Britain aimed to score a knockout blow against the upstart United States."
},
{
"docid": "D1239239#0",
"title": "http://www.cnn.com/2015/06/24/us/confederate-flag-myths-facts/index.html\nConfederate battle flag: Separating the myths from facts",
"text": "\"Confederate battle flag: Separating the myths from facts By Ben Brumfield, CNNUpdated 10:33 AM ET, Wed June 24, 2015Photos: Evolution of the Confederate flag The third National Flag of the Confederacy was the final flag of the Confederate government and was adopted on March 4, 1865. The flag was not used long before the Confederacy surrendered. Hide Caption 4 of 6Photos: Evolution of the Confederate flag The Confederate Battle flag known as the \"\"Southern Cross\"\" has 13 stars to represent the defeated Confederate States of America. Hide Caption 5 of 6Photos: Evolution of the Confederate flag Dixiecrats resurrected the \"\"Southern Cross\"\" flag as a political symbol around the time President Harry Truman supported efforts to end lynchings and desegregate the military in 1948. During that same period, the Ku Klux Klan began using the flag more widely. Hide Caption 6 of 6Photos: Evolution of the Confederate flag A veteran of the Confederate States of America examines a Union water bottle in front of a Confederate flag. Here's a look at the evolution of that flag. Hide Caption 1 of 6Photos: Evolution of the Confederate flag The first national flag of the Confederate States of America was created in 1861 and had seven stars to represent the breakaway states of South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas. Hide Caption 2 of 6Photos: Evolution of the Confederate flag The second National Flag of the Confederacy was issued by the Confederate Congress on May 1, 1863. This flag was designed to have a distinct difference from the Union's Stars and Stripes."
},
{
"docid": "D2027427#0",
"title": "http://talkingpointsmemo.com/cafe/everything-you-know-about-the-burning-of-washington-could-be-wrong\nEverything You Know About The Burning Of Washington Could Be Wrong",
"text": "cafe Everything You Know About The Burning Of Washington Could Be Wrong By Christopher T. George | August 23, 2014 9:18 amshare tweet email Exactly two hundred years ago this weekend, on the afternoon of August 24, 1814, a British army of some 4,000 redcoats routed an American army of mostly 6,000 militia at Bladensburg in an affair often laughingly referred to as “The Bladensburg Races” because of the precipitous retreat of the largely poorly trained and panicked militia. That evening, the redcoats marched into and then proceeded to burn the public buildings of Washington, D. C. British Army commander Major General Robert Ross even had the temerity of enjoying wine and a meal laid out for the hoped-for American victors at the Executive Mansion, that we now refer to as “The White House” — allegedly painted white to hide the burn marks left by the British. Those are the facts that many people know, and, to this day, the scorch marks at the White House and at the U. S. Capitol are still there for the public to see as graphic proof of what happened. A definite low point in the life of Washington and of this nation. The usual story is that the British set out deliberately to burn Washington in retaliation for the American forces burning the government buildings of York, the capital of Upper Canada (present-day Toronto) on April 27, 1813. The American capture of York was a rare success for the hard pressed Americans in the early part of this short war that was mostly fought on the frontier between present-day Canada and the United States, the easiest way for the Americans to “get at” the British given that the U. S. Navy was small beside the giant Royal Navy. The war, mostly fought because of maritime difficulties between Britain and the young United States that was mostly an outgrowth of the British war with Napoleonic France. The Royal Navy would impress American sailors to man their big ships of the line (ships rated, say, 74 guns and up) and also made neutral countries such as the United States call into Britain to pay duty rather being able to trade directly with continental Europe, which was under the control of Napoleon. Certainly the burning of York was a disaster for British-held Canada but it also proved a tragedy for the Americans because a promising young American general and sometime explorer, Brigadier General Zebulon Pike, after whom Pike’s Peak and the slogan “Pike’s Peak or Bust!” derive, was killed when a powder magazine exploded."
},
{
"docid": "D1998277#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettysburg_Campaign\nGettysburg Campaign",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Gettysburg Campaign Part of the American Civil War Opposing commanders George G. Meade and Robert E. Lee Date June 3 – July 24, 1863Location Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia Result Union victory: end of Confederate offensive and invasion of the North. Belligerents USA (Union) CSA (Confederacy)Commanders and leaders Joseph Hooker George G. Meade (from June 28) Robert E. Lee Units involved Army of the Potomac [1] Army of Northern Virginia [2]Strength85,231–104,256 (\"\"present for duty\"\") [3] [4]75,000 [5]Casualties and losses32,043 total (3,642 killed; 16,576 wounded; 11,825 captured/missing) [6] [7]27–32,000 (estimated) [8] [9] [ show]v t e Gettysburg Campaign The Gettysburg Campaign was a military invasion of Pennsylvania by the main Confederate army under General Robert E. Lee in summer 1863. The Union won a decisive victory at Gettysburg July 1–3, with heavy casualties on both sides. Lee managed to escape back to Virginia with most of his army. It was a turning point in the American Civil War, with Lee increasingly pushed back toward Richmond until his surrender in April 1865. After his victory in the Battle of Chancellorsville, Lee's Army of Northern Virginia moved north for a massive raid designed to obtain desperately needed supplies, to undermine civilian morale in the North, and to encourage anti-war elements. The Union Army of the Potomac was commanded by Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker and then (from June 28) by Maj. Gen. George G. Meade. Lee's army slipped away from Federal contact at Fredericksburg, Virginia, on June 3, 1863."
},
{
"docid": "D2272284#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/9724359/battle-of-baltimore-flash-cards/\nBattle of Baltimore",
"text": "\"15 terms hal95Battle of Baltimorebattle in the war of 1812 that took place from september 13 to 14, 1814. Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort What was a cause of the War of 1812? British seizure of American ships and impressment of American sailors The coastal city of Baltimore is a vital spot for what? trade Was Baltimore prepared for attack? Yes or no. Yes Samuel Smith purposely sank empty ships near Fort Mc Henry to do what? block British ships from entering the harbor Who was asked to sew the two flags for Fort Mc Henry? Mary Pickersgill What were the dimensions of the bigger flag made by Mary?"
},
{
"docid": "D2814536#0",
"title": "http://www.sportsecyclopedia.com/nfl/pitt/steelers.html\n.",
"text": "\"Historical Moments:1933: On September 20th the city of Pittsburgh finally got its first taste of pro-football when the Pirates debuted with a 23-2 loss to the New York Giants at Forbes Field. A week later the Pirates would squeeze out a 14-13 victory at Forbes over the Chicago Cardinals. The Pirates would go on to complete their first season with a 3-6-2 record. However, Coach Jap Douds was still replaced by Luby Di Melio, following the season.1934: The Pirates win two of their first three games, but those wins end up being the only wins on the season as the Pirates suffer a miserable 2-10 season, in which they were shut out five times, and only scored more than ten points three times.1935: Under Joe Bach, Pittsburgh's third coach in as many years the Pirates continue to struggle finishing with a 4-8 record, while compiling less than 2,000 yards total on offense on the season.1936: The Pirates get off to a great start winning their first 3 games on the way to a 6-3 start that had them in first place in the Eastern Division. However, the bottom would suddenly fall out and the Pirates lost their final three games by a combined 72-9 score, to fall to 6-6. Had they won just one of those games they would have played for the NFL Championship. Following the season Coach Joe Bach is replaced by Johnny \"\"Blood\"\" Mc Nally.1937: The Pirates would get off to a solid start again winning their first two games but their typical struggles would arise again, as they only won two of their last nine games, to finish with a 4-7 record.1938: The Pirates make history by signing Colorado All-American Running Back Byron \"\"Whizzer\"\" White a $15,800 contract, making him the first big money player in the NFL. He would pay immediate dividends leading the league in rushing. However, the Pirates still struggled and finished in Last Place with a 2-9 record. It would also be the only season in Pittsburgh for Byron \"\"Whizzer\"\" White, as he left to play for the Detroit Lions."
},
{
"docid": "D3032764#0",
"title": "http://www.roadstothefuture.com/Fort_McHenry_Tunnel.html\n.",
"text": "\"Fort Mc Henry Tunnel The Fort Mc Henry Tunnel is the 7,200-foot-long 8-lane tunnel complex that carries Interstate I-95 under Baltimore Harbor, in Baltimore, Maryland. Article index with internal links: Introduction Fort Mc Henry Tunnel Opens to Traffic Fort Mc Henry Tunnel Project Funding Fort Mc Henry Tunnel Project Design Plan View of Fort Mc Henry Tunnel Area Sunken Tube Tunnel Construction Canton/Seagirt Disposal Site and Seagirt Marine Terminal Cut-and-cover Tunnel Approach Construction Mechanical and Electrical Systems Fort Mc Henry Tunnel Photo Articles Fort Mc Henry Tunnel Project Documents Sources Fort Mc Henry Tunnel - External Links Historical Links for Fort Mc Henry and the \"\"Star Spangled Banner\"\"Credits Introduction Opening day for the Baltimore Harbor 7,200-foot-long 8-lane Fort Mc Henry Tunnel, Saturday November 23, 1985. Ceremonies were held on the freeway between the east approach portals and the toll plaza. Notice the four tubes and the massive ventilation building. Extra-bright lighting is used in the first few hundred yards of the inbound portals. The Fort Mc Henry Tunnel cost $750 million to build, and construction took 5 1/2 years. It is the widest underwater tunnel in the world. This project required over 3.5 million cubic yards of soil excavation, over 900,000 cubic yards of concrete, and over 100 million pounds of structural steel. Fort Mc Henry Tunnel - Construction Roads to the Future article with 62 photos from 1983 to 1985. Fort Mc Henry Tunnel - Opening Day Photos Roads to the Future article with 30 photos on opening day."
},
{
"docid": "D2099730#0",
"title": "http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/remembering-when-white-house-was-burning-president-was-hiding-and-u-was-close-to-collapse/\nRemembering When White House Was Burning, President Was Hiding, and U.S. Was Close to Collapse",
"text": "\"Remembering When White House Was Burning, President Was Hiding, and U. S. Was Close to Collapse200 years ago today British troops seized control of Washington, D. C. An illustration of the British burning the U. S. Capitol in 1814. Illustration courtesy of Library of Congress By Simon Worrall, for National Geographic PUBLISHED August 23, 2014The United States and Britain now enjoy a \"\"special relationship,\"\" but on this day in 1814, a force of battle-hardened British troops overran a poorly armed American militia, seized control of the city of Washington, and set the White House ablaze. It was the worst military defeat ever suffered by the U. S. Related Content Mexico 2018 Earthquake–and How Earthquakes Work Why This Lake Keeps Catching on Fire Rocked by Natural Disasters, These Destinations Are Now Ready For Tourists Using previously unpublished eyewitness accounts from both sides, veteran British broadcaster Peter Snow has reconstructed the fateful events of August 1814. Here he talks about why the two sides went to war, what Presidents James Madison and George W. Bush have in common, and what President Obama said to Prime Minister David Cameron when he visited the White House. Today is the 200 th anniversary of one of the darkest days in American history—the burning of the White House by the British. How does that event compare in its psychological and political effects with 9/11? It's the only other time in American history that foreigners have attacked the American capital. So in that sense it has similarities. But of course this wasn't a terrorist attack. This was an attack by a country at war with America, as Britain was at that time."
},
{
"docid": "D2011688#0",
"title": "http://irishamerica.com/2007/10/the-first-family-of-irish-america/\nThe First Family of Irish America",
"text": "The First Family of Irish America A painting of Charles Carroll as a young man. By Tom Deignan, Contributor October / November 2007Back in July, Bronx Irish Catholic Edwin F. O’Brien, after a 40-year career as a priest, military chaplain and aide to two cardinals, was named the new Archbishop of Baltimore. The archdiocese O’Brien will lead numbers more than a half-million Catholics, with 200 priests, five Catholic hospitals, two seminaries and 151 parishes, including two cathedrals, The Baltimore Sun noted. O’Brien said he will focus on getting to know the priests of his new archdiocese, which covers nine Maryland counties and the city of Baltimore. As O’Brien becomes more familiar with his new home, he will inevitably make one important discovery. Though it is rarely mentioned in the same breath as New York, Boston or Chicago, Baltimore is historically one of the most important Irish-American cities in the U. S. To begin with, Baltimore is named after a village in Ireland. It is also the oldest Catholic archdiocese in America, and was long seen as a place of refuge for Irish immigrants who felt the sting of discrimination. Most importantly, Baltimore has long been associated with America’s first great Irish-American family. Long before the Kennedys built their powerful dynasty from the slums of Boston, the Carrolls of Maryland amassed great influence inside the church and in society at large. By 1776, when America’s Declaration of Independence was announced, just one Catholic signed the famous document: Charles Carroll."
},
{
"docid": "D626835#0",
"title": "http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2814007/What-s-box-100-year-old-time-capsule-wall-never-opened.html\nWhatâs in the box? Hundred-year-old time Baltimore capsule never be opened - because doing so could destroy its contents",
"text": "What’s in the box? Hundred-year-old time Baltimore capsule never be opened - because doing so could destroy its contents Time capsule from 1915 found at Washington Monument in Baltimore Sealed copper box placed behind plaque on monument's centennial Box contains commemorative programs and local newspapers Conservationists fear contents may be destroyed if box is opened By Sara Malm for Mail Online Published: 09:01 EDT, 30 October 2014 | Updated: 21:21 EDT, 30 October 201488View comments A 100-year-old time capsule found in Baltimore might remain shut for fear the contents could be destroyed if it is opened. The copper box was discovered during the renovation of the original Washington Monument in Baltimore. Conservationists fear that as the time capsule's content has been exposed to dampness for nearly a century, it may not survive an opening.+5Blast from the past: This copper box was discovered in a niche during the renovation of the Washington Monument in Baltimore The time capsule was discovered behind a plaque at the monument in Baltimore's Mount Vernon neighborhood. The sealed box was put behind the plaque, placed in front of a niche to commemorate the monument's centennial, on Defender's Day, Sept. 12, 1915. RELATED ARTICLESPrevious 1 2 Next Spiralling staircases, original architecture, impossibly... 6,000-year-old pagan 'cathedral' unearthed in Ukraine:... 50,000 sacred objects from stone sculptures to shells found... Share this article Monument officials say research has found that the time capsule contains commemorative programs and copies of The Baltimore Sun, among other items. ' We are restoring the interior plaster finishes in the Monument, most of which have been reworked many times over the years because of water damage,' said Lance Humphries, Chair of the Conservancy's restoration committee.+5The time capsule, placed behind a commemorative plaque from 1915, are said to contain commemorative programs from the centennial event and copies of the local newspaper, The Baltimore Sun+5 +5Discoveries: The commemorative plaque, right, was removed in the hopes that it would give a clue about the original appearance of the room, and workers were stunned to find the box+5Pride of Baltimore: The nearly 200-year-old monument was the first one to honor George Washington'We realized that the plaster behind this plaque might give us clues as to the appearance of the original plaster in the museum room. ' Little did we realize that there was an actual time capsule stashed behind the plaque. ' The box is now set to be moved to the nearby Walters Art Museum for safekeeping while restoration work on the Washington Monument continues. The box has not been opened, and no date has been set to open it."
},
{
"docid": "D1875818#0",
"title": "http://www.historynet.com/george-pickett\nGeorge Pickett",
"text": "\"George Pickett Facts, information and articles about George Pickett, a Confederate Generalduring The Civil War George Pickett Facts Born January 16 1825, Richmond, Virginia Died July 30, 1875, Norfolk, Virginia Initial Rank Captain, United States Army Highest Rank Achieved Major General, Confederate States Army Armies Led Pickett’s Division, First Corps, Army of Northern Virginia Battle Fought Peninsular Campaign Battle Of Fredericksburg Battle Of Gettysburg Pickett’s Charge Battle Of Petersburg Appomattox Court House Battle George Pickett Articles Explore articles from the History Net archives about George Pickett» See all George Pickett Articles George Pickett summary: George Edward Pickett (1825 – 1875) Born in Richmond, Pickett was the eldest of eight children. He attended the United States Military Academy and graduated soon after a war broke out which would benefit his military career. He fought in the Mexican War and gained a brevet promotion to captain after he carried the American colors to the roof of the palace to announce their victory in the Battle of Chapultepec. Pickett was assigned to the Washington Territory and became involved in a dispute with Great Britain. This became known as The Pig War but no conflict arose. Picket In The Civil War Pickett resigned from the US Army to join the Confederate Army as a colonel then became brigadier general on January 14th 1862. He first took action in combat in the Peninsula Campaigns. Pickett was shot in the shoulder at the Battle of Gaines’s Mill. When he returned to the war, three months later, he was promoted to major general and took command of a small division under General James Longstreet. Pickett’s Charge At Gettysburg Pickett was to join General Robert E. Lee on the third day of the Battle of Gettysburg on July 3, 1863."
},
{
"docid": "D631886#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%26O_Railroad\nBaltimore and Ohio Railroad",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from B&O Railroad)navigation search Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Baltimore and Ohio Railroad system map, circa 1961Reporting mark B&O BOLocale New York City Philadelphia Baltimore Washington, D. C. Chicago St. Louis, Missouri Dates of operation 1828–1987Successor CSX Transportation Track gauge 4 ft 8 1⁄ 2in ( 1,435 mm) standard gauge Headquarters Baltimore, Maryland B&O's Columbian crossing the Potomac River at Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, 1949The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad ( reporting marks B&O, BO) is the oldest railroad in the United States and the first common carrier railroad, with its first section opening in 1830. It came into being mostly because the city of Baltimore wanted to compete with the newly constructed Erie Canal (which served New York City) and another canal being proposed by Pennsylvania, which would have connected Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. [ not verified in body] At first this railroad was located entirely in the state of Maryland, with an original line built from the port of Baltimore west to Sandy Hook. At this point to continue westward, it had to cross into Virginia (now West Virginia) over the Potomac River, adjacent to the confluence of the Potomac and Shenandoah rivers. From there it passed through Virginia from Harpers Ferry to a point just west of the junction of Patterson Creek and the North Branch Potomac River, where it crossed back into Maryland to reach Cumberland. From there it was extended to the Ohio River at Wheeling and a few years later also to Parkersburg, West Virginia. It continued to construct lines into Ohio, including a junction at Portsmouth. It is now part of the CSX Transportation (CSX) network, and includes the oldest operational railroad bridge in the USA. The B&O also included the Leiper Railroad, the first permanent horse-drawn railroad in the U. S. In later years, B&O advertising carried the motto: \"\"Linking 13 Great States with the Nation.\"\" Part of the B&O Railroad's immortality has come from being one of the four featured railroads on the U. S. version of the board game Monopoly."
},
{
"docid": "D2099712#0",
"title": "http://www.angelfire.com/la3/johnson/page6.html\nLife in the Colonies",
"text": "\"Life in the Colonies The 13 Colonies The New England Colonies Rhode Island Founding the colony of Rhode Island in 1636, Roger William’s led many Aristocrats to their religious freedom. Rhode Island has many religions including Quaker, Puritan, Baptist, Anglicans, Jewish, Catholic, and Congregationalists. Their government is not that small having a Governor, Deputy Governor, a General Assembly, and ten assistants. Rhode Island has red clay soil with lots of hills and forests. January and February are the coldest months with temperatures reaching 20 degrees. July is the hottest month with 71 degrees. Most people are shipbuilders, dairy and cattle farmers for their living. Rhode Island is the smallest colony, but I think the most beautiful. New Hampshire New Hampshire was first founded in 1623 by Pilgrims from England and was one of the first original 13 colonies. Pilgrims came to New Hampshire for religious freedom and starting their lives over."
},
{
"docid": "D3162851#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/12077447/ch-15-secession-and-civil-war-flash-cards/\nCh. 15 Secession and Civil War",
"text": "\"60 terms egarton Ch. 15 Secession and Civil War Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Why were Southern delegates to the Democratic Party's presidential convention against Stephen Douglas? His opposition to the Lecompton constitution and to a federal slave code for the territories convinced southern democrats that they could not control a Douglas administration. Southern delegates wanted what in the party platform? For what did the party vote in favor? How did southern delegates respond? A federal slave code for the territories and instead endorsed popular sovereignty. After which, 50 southern delegates walked out of the convention."
},
{
"docid": "D3075996#0",
"title": "http://www.stratfordhall.org/educational-resources/war-of-1812-exhibit-introduction/war-of-1812-lee-involvement/\nWar of 1812 â Lee Family Involvement",
"text": "War of 1812 – Lee Family Involvement General “Light-Horse Harry” Lee at the Baltimore Riots: General Henry Lee General Henry Lee, or “Light-Horse Harry” Lee, was the first of the Lee family to be directly involved with the War of 1812, but not for any reason one might expect from the Revolutionary War hero. His personal politics led him into a multitude of rather unfortunate events. A “die-hard Federalist,” “Light-Horse Harry” was among the group of men who spoke up against the war and President Madison. Harry had been given a commission as major-general for the war and planned on fighting ii, but his plans to leave for the frontier fell through after the dreadful events of the Baltimore riots. The Baltimore Riots of 1812 were a particularly gruesome example of the opposition to the war and of the conflicts of interest among the American people. The growing injustices enforced upon the United States by Britain enflamed men’s hearts to once more assert their independence, but not every man favored the idea of waging war against Britain so soon after the Revolution. In particular, many New England states didn’t approve of “Mr. Madison’s War,” as it was often referred to, but the South largely backed the war sentiment. This opposition paralleled the political division between the Federalist and the Democratic-Republican parties. The tension between the two parties had only grew in the wake of the war declaration and the upcoming election. This division of interest among the American people when it came to the war quickly manifested into a physical squabble."
},
{
"docid": "D1544476#0",
"title": "https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/07/07/nursing-the-wounded-at-gettysburg/\nNursing the Wounded at Gettysburg",
"text": "Disunion Nursing the Wounded at Gettysburg By Pat Leonard July 7, 2013 8:00 pm Comment Disunion follows the Civil War as it unfolded. Miss Cornelia Hancock had embarked on a mission of mercy, and wasn’t about to let her age and appearance prevent her from carrying it through. The day before, July 5, 1863, she had left her home in southern New Jersey to accompany her brother-in-law, Dr. Henry Child, to the Gettysburg battlefield. They had made their way as far as the Baltimore train station, where Ms. Hancock and other female volunteers had encountered Dorothea Dix, the superintendent of Union Army nurses. Mrs. Dix had established strict standards for the Army’s female nurses, insisting that they be “mature in years (at least 30), plain almost to homeliness in dress, and by no means liberally endowed with personal attractions. ”In her memoir, written after the war, Ms. Hancock described the encounter with Dix: She looked the nurses over and pronounced them all suitable except me. She immediately objected to my going farther on the score of my youth and rosy cheeks. I was then just twenty-three years of age. In those days it was considered indecorous for angels of mercy to appear otherwise than gray-haired and spectacled. Such a thing as a hospital corps of comely young maiden nurses, possessing grace and good looks, was then unknown."
},
{
"docid": "D28034#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_1812\nWar of 1812",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the Anglo-American War from 1812 to 1815. For the Franco-Russian conflict, see French invasion of Russia. For other uses of this term, see War of 1812 (disambiguation). War of 1812Clockwise from top: damage to the U. S. Capitol after the Burning of Washington; the mortally wounded Isaac Brock spurs on the York Volunteers at the battle of Queenston Heights; USS Constitution vs HMS Guerriere; The death of Tecumseh in 1813; Andrew Jackson defeats the British assault on New Orleans. Date June 18, 1812 – February 18, 1815 (2 years and 8 months)Location Eastern and Central North America, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans Result Treaty of Ghent Military stalemate; both sides' invasion attempts repulsed Status quo ante bellum Defeat of Tecumseh's Confederacy Belligerents United States Choctaw Cherokee Creeks British Empire United Kingdom The Canadas Tecumseh's Confederacy [1]Shawnee Creek Red Sticks Ojibwe Fox Iroquois Miami Mingo Ottawa Kickapoo Delaware (Lenape)Mascouten Potawatomi Sauk Wyandot Bourbon Spain Florida ( 1814)Commanders and leaders James Madison Henry Dearborn Jacob Brown Winfield Scott Andrew Jackson William Henry Harrison William H. Winder (POW)William Hull (POW)Zebulon Pike †Oliver Hazard Perry Isaac Chauncey George, Prince Regent Lord Liverpool Sir George Prévost Sir Isaac Brock †Gordon Drummond Charles de Salaberry Roger Hale Sheaffe Robert Ross †Edward Pakenham †James Fitz Gibbon Alexander Cochrane James Lucas Yeo Tecumseh †Strength U. S. Army :7,000 (at war's start)35,800 (at war's end)Rangers: 3,049Militia: 458,463*U. S. Marines U. S. Navy and Revenue Cutter Service (at war's start): Frigates: 12Other vessels: 14Privateers: 515 ships [2]Native allies:125 Choctawunknown others [3]British Army :5,200 (at war's start)48,160 (at war's end)Provincial regulars: 10,000Militia: 4,000Royal Marines Royal Navy Ships of the line: 11Frigates: 34Other vessels: 52Provincial Marine (at war's start): ‡Ships: 9Native allies: 10,000–15,000 [4] [2]Casualties and losses2,200–3,721 killed in action [5]4,505 wounded15,000 (est.) died from all causes [a]4,000 slaves freed [6]20,000 captured [7] [8]8 frigates captured or burnt278 privateers captured1,400 merchant ships captured British Empire: 1,160 [9] -1,960 killed [10] in action3,679+ wounded10,000 died from all causes [11]4 frigates captured~1,344 merchant ships captured (373 recaptured) [12]15,500 captured Native allies: 10,000 dead from all causes (warriors and civilians) [13]Unknown captured* Some militias operated in only their own regions.† Killed in action‡ A locally raised coastal protection and seminaval force on the Great Lakes. [ show]v t e St. Lawrence/Lake Champlain frontier [ show]v t e Niagara campaign s [ show]v t e Old Northwest [ show]v t e Chesapeake campaign [ show]v t e American South in the War of 1812 [ show]v t e Naval battles of the War of 1812The War of 1812 (1812–1815) was a conflict fought between the United States, the United Kingdom, and their respective allies. Historians in Britain often see it as a minor theatre of the Napoleonic Wars; in the United States and Canada, it is seen as a war in its own right. Since the outbreak of war with Napoleonic France, Britain had enforced a naval blockade to choke off neutral trade to France, which the United States contested as illegal under international law. To man the blockade, Britain impressed American merchant sailors into the Royal Navy."
},
{
"docid": "D892571#0",
"title": "http://www.history.com/news/9-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-star-spangled-banner\n9 Things You May Not Know About âThe Star-Spangled Bannerâ",
"text": "\"History Stories9 Things You May Not Know About “The Star-Spangled Banner”History Stories9 Things You May Not Know About “The Star-Spangled Banner”By Christopher Klein// September 12, 2014Deconstructing History: American Flag Why does the American flag have 13 stripes? Get all the facts and figures on \"\"Old Glory. \"\" Print Cite By the dawn’s early light on September 14, 1814, Francis Scott Key peered through a spyglass and spotted an American flag still waving over Baltimore’s Fort Mc Henry after a fierce night of British bombardment. In a patriotic fervor, the man called “Frank” Key by family and friends penned the words to “The Star-Spangled Banner.” Two hundred years later, learn nine surprising facts about the national anthem of the United States and the man who wrote its lyrics.1. Francis Scott Key intended his verses to be song lyrics, not poetry. “ The Star Spangled-Banner” was not a poem set to a melody years later. Although Key was an amateur poet and not a songwriter, when he composed his verses, he intended them to accompany a popular song of the day. “ We know he had the tune in mind because the rhyme and meter exactly fit it,” says Marc Leepson, author of the new Key biography “What So Proudly We Hailed.” The first broadside of the verses, printed just days after the battle, noted that the words should be sung to the melody of “To Anacreon in Heaven.”"
},
{
"docid": "D1529689#0",
"title": "http://www.abrahamlincolnonline.org/lincoln/sites/gettysburg.htm\nLincoln at Gettysburg",
"text": "\"Home | News | Books | Speeches | Places | Resources | Education | Timelines | Index | Search Gettysburg National Cemetery© Abraham Lincoln Online Lincoln at Gettysburg Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Lincoln at Gettysburg Photo Tour Lincoln and Gettysburg Timeline In the summer of 1863 this small southern Pennsylvania town changed forever after an historic battle raged in its streets and fields. In his famous address given several months later, President Lincoln was mistaken when he predicted, \"\"the world will little note, nor long remember what we say here,\"\" yet perfectly accurate when he continued, \"\"but it can never forget what they did here. \"\" When armies commanded by George Meade and Robert E. Lee clashed on those first three days in July, some Gettysburg townspeople took refuge in their cellars. All around them thundered a battle so intense that the North American continent has yet to see an equal. It was a miracle, some say, that only one local resident perished in the conflict -- a young woman felled by a bullet while baking bread. In the battle's bloody aftermath, Gettysburg residents tended the wounded and dying, welcomed soldiers' relatives, shipped out the dead, rebuilt shattered barns and bullet-pierced homes. In November they extended hospitality to thousands more -- the people who came to witness the dedication of the new soldiers' cemetery and get a glimpse of their president. Lincoln's Arrival President Lincoln was the special guest of David Wills, the 32-year-old lawyer whose house faced the town square. Wills had invited Lincoln to give concluding \"\"remarks\"\" at the dedication ceremony, following the principal address by Edward Everett. Wills helped arrange the cemetery and its dedication on November 19, 1863, on land purchased by Pennsylvania to honor the Union dead."
},
{
"docid": "D892413#0",
"title": "http://www.mdhs.org/education/teachers/md-history-qa\nMD History Q&A",
"text": "\"MD History Q&AWhat is Maryland's Geography? When was the Maryland colony founded and by whom? When did the colonists set sail and what ships carried them to the colony? What is a Catholic Colony? Who were the colonists? How did colonists make money? Was there anyone living in the area we now call Maryland before the colonists arrived? What is the Mason-Dixon line? Who signed the Declaration of Independence from Maryland? How is our National Anthem connected to Maryland?"
}
] |
619893
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what did the british empire gain from india
|
[
{
"docid": "D120138#0",
"title": "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090530044311AAFGeLM\nWhat the british gained from the British Empire?",
"text": "Arts & Humanities History What the british gained from the British Empire? What did the british gain from the empire. I really need just a few bullet points, so I can write some more for my essay. Here's a part I have so farr: There were clearly good points for the British having an Empire, like Natural resources such as gold from Africa, cotton from America and India, tobacco and... show more Follow 5 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Britain also gained a significant force towards our army, through recruiting people from the conquered lands, an example that is still true to this day is the Gurkha's. many countries actually benefited from Britain's invasion as they gained technology and medicine. Britain had to develop a good sea force which partly due to the expansion of the empire we became one of the most powerful sea forces of that time. George · 9 years ago0 0 Comment Why not mention the disadvantages to Britain's (England's specifically) rape and pillaging of foreign lands? If we hadn't have plundered Asia, Africa and North America, then the first two continenets at least wouldn't be in such a sorry state now. If we hadn't have plundered all the natural resources like we did, let alone reaped the rewards (we're still rich now off the back of slavery and precious metals), then those continents wouldn't need so much aid as they do now. And immigrants wouldn't need to seek asylum here to boot."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D2490316#0",
"title": "http://www.123helpme.com/view.asp?id=22842\nImperialism in India",
"text": "\"Imperialism in India Length: 710 words (2 double-spaced pages)Rating: Excellent Open Document- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Text Preview More ↓Continue reading... Open Document Imperialism in India British imperialism on India had many positive and negative affects on both the mother country, Britain and the colony, India. Many people would argue which effects were more prominent in these countries and some would agree that they were equal. But in both cases there were actually both. In India the British colonization had more positive affects than negative. For Instance, When the British colonized India they built 40,000 miles of railroad and 70,000 miles of paved roadway. As a result the British made it much easier to travel across India. Another good affect that the British had on India was the jump in agriculture, through large scale irrigation works. About 30 million acres were put into cultivation. Industrialization had also begun. Because of all these reasons almost no famine existed in British colonial India."
},
{
"docid": "D2724496#0",
"title": "http://www.course-notes.org/World_History/Outlines/World_Civilizations_The_Global_Experience_4th_Edition_Outlines/Chapter_31_A_S\nChapter 31 - A Second Global Conflict and the End of the European World Order",
"text": "\"Home » AP World History » Outlines » World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 4th Edition Outlines Chapter 31 - A Second Global Conflict and the End of the European World Order Printer Friendly Chapter 31 A Second Global Conflict and the End of the European World Order Introduction World War IIOfficially started in 1939 after decade of aggression Aggression of Axis powers went unchecked - appeasement Failure to unite Nationalism plus Red Fear/Scare of Soviets prevented early alliance W/in each government disagreement on how to respond Some actually felt guilty about Versailles League of Nations a joke Italy and Japan merely left the League after censured Axis/Fascist leaders laughed at treaties - diplomacy a joke Brilliant method of delaying intervention of enemy Old and New Causes of a Second World War China vs. Japan China looking stronger - Chiang Kai-shek uniting/defeating warlords Could Nationalist (Guomindang) party pose a threat Afraid Chinese would retake Manchuria Japan gradually becomes militaristic Germany - Weimar Republic weak - blamed for Versailles Great Depression made life look worse Adolf Hitler takes advantage Nazis made a ton of promises German people back to work Ignore diktat of Versailles Turn back Communist push Actually wants to enslave Slavic peoples Steps to taking over Europe/becoming poweful Destroy parliament/political system > totalitarian Ignore diplomacy of Versailles Rearm/remilitarize Not afraid to bomb cities/use poison gas Forced union with Austria Annexation of Czechoslovakia Mussollini - big, bad Italian man gets courage to take over Ethiopia Spanish Civil War - becomes training ground for new weapons Franco wins with Axis support, but doesn't help Axis in war Unchecked Aggression and the Coming of War in Europe and the Pacific Introduction US, Britain, France appeasment Sacrifice small nations to protect themselves Fear of another world war Want to focus on welfare states, not military states Japan first to attack - invaded China from Manchukuo Japanese moderate political leaders silenced Fear of assassination from military officers Initially quite successful, but when they lose, they get medieval Rape of Nanjing - horrific treatment of Chinese civilians - 1937Symbolic beginning of horrific war of suffering Japan and China in war for Asia far before 1941Japan, Germany, Italy did not coordinate attacks Germany needs to attack Soviet Union - lebensraum - living space First, signs nonaggression agreement with Soviets Buys time, splits Poland, can now invade from Poland British/France declare war once Poland is attacked Prepare for another trench warfare, unfortunately Hitler doesn't play fair The Conduct of a Second Global War Introduction Hitler's victories stunningly fast West's reluctance to arm/react decisively War shifts once Germans get stuck in Russian winter Anglo-American, Soviet alliance has more #s, industry, technology Nazi Blitzkrieg, Stalemate, and the Long Retreat Blitzkrieg - lightning fast war Coordinate tanks, mechanized troop carriers, fighter aircraft/bombers Penetrate deep into nation - hit capital hard Severely punished civilian population that didn't surrender In months, French defeated, British pushed back across the Channel Why did France lose so quickly? Gov't couldn't agree on what to do - left vs. right argued Weapons painfully outdated Civilian population demoralized Only Vichy France in South exists - puppet government Turns to invasion of Britain - strong air force + growingly powerful army Battle of Britain - Britain actually holds off Strong leadership of Churchill/war cabinet Radar detection discovered Nazi flight plans Bravery of Britain's royal family High morale of citizens Land invasion called off, can't fight off British Navy But Germany had taken over W. Europe, Scandinavia, Mediterrenean, N. Africa Conguered areas must provide War materials, soldiers, slave labor Hitler turns on Soviet union Soviets easily pushed out of Finalnd, Poland, Baltic states, but then winter kicks in Soviets just won't surrender - body for bullet Just kept retreating eastward Nazi mass killings inspire guerilla warfare behind front lines Stopped at Moscow, Leningrad, Stalingrad Fought most severe battles - Kursk, Stalingrad Momentum shifts - Germany on the run1943 Soviets push west, 1944 on doorstep of Berlin Sacrifices of Soviet soldiers/women/civilians led to victory From Persecution to Genocide: Hitler's War Against the Jews First years of war Hitler persecuted non-Aryans Gypsies, leftist politicians, homosexuals, Jews, Polish intellectuals, communists Once war seemed lost, and on defensive Turned to \"\"final solution\"\" - Wannsee Conference - 1942 - extermination camps Resources from front used or transportation, imprisonment, mass murder Shipped from all over empire to the East Physically fit > hard labor Women, children, ill - murdered immediately Used for scientific experiments Holocaust - 12 million killed, 6 million Jews Armenian genocide the root Horrific - premeditated, systematic, carried out by the state Essentially allowed by occupied countries Only really Danes and Italians resisted in any degree Also, allied countries refused Jewish emigrants/refugees Also didn't attack railway lines or extermination camps Effect - creation of Zionist state in Israel Emigration to Palestine only option Some even made deals with Nazis to take to Palestine Anglo-American Offensives, Encirclement, and the End of the 12-Year Reich American interaction Primarily supplies at first - US gov't hesitant, Roosevelt sympathetic Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 - US enters Tank divisions and infantry join in Africa Next attacked Sicily, Italy Eventually Mussolini toppled, assassinated June 1944, Western front - invasion of Normandy Moved East to Germany, stopped only briefly at Battle of the Bulge By June 1945 US and Soviets divisive over how to divide Germany Hitler kills himself - goes down believing he was betrayed by German people The Rise and Fall of the Japanese Empire in the Pacific War1/3 of Japanese forces fight in China throughout war After Pearl Harbor, Japan takes over Asia Thailand becomes neutral, cooperates Australia and New Zealand provide support But... US on its own Took over too much, angered all of the European Allies Colonial regimes worse than European Needed natural resources, raw materials Led to resistance movements - requires even more soldiers/resources Guerrilla forces harassed Japanese Coordinated w/ Americans and British Main theaters of conflict islands - \"\"island hopping\"\"Vicories at Battle of the Coral Sea and Midway Island Joint air, sea, land assaults against Japan1944 America begins firebombing Japanese cities Destroyed wooden homes, hundreds of thousands of civilians killed Demanded unconditional surrender Atomic bombs - August 1945Threat that Japanese would fight to the death War's End and the Emergence of the Superpower Standoff Introduction Wanted to avoid failed peace treaties of World War IEstablished United Nations More representative of world than League of Nations US actually decides to participate Security Council made up of victors - US, France, Britain, China, USSRThough China is really represented by Taiwan, communist gov't not acknowledged Colonies and defeated powers granted membership Europe retained control of post-war global policy through 3 votes on security council Forum for negotiating international disputes World Court of Justice Human Rights organizations - food, labor, women Unsuccessful at times - large and small nations resent role But...played important role in humanitarian, refugee relief Sponsored conferences to deal with social issues Child labor, women's rights, environmental protection From Hot War to Cold War USSR vs. USA - no direct conflict, but tons of related global conflicts Began with how to decide post-war Europe USSR wanted territorial gains - tired of getting invaded Tehran Conference - 1944By setting up Western front in France, USSR takes over Eastern Europe USSR doesn't pull out of many occupied lands - Iron Curtain Doesn't allow nations to \"\"self-determine\"\" themselves Yalta Conference - 1945USSR gets Manchuria and northern Japanese islands Divide Germany into 4 spheres of influence Germany industry allowed to continue - needed to control Soviets USSR wants friendly gov'ts in small European nations West wants democratic gov'ts Stalin lies Problems still after Potsdam Austria divided, occupied then independent in 1956Poland gain East Germany, but lose land to Russia USSR/USA sign separate treaties with Japan German peace treaty not even agreed upon until 1980s Korea divided between USSR and USAEuropean colonies returned to Europeans But...independence movements start right away China war starts Soviets aid communists US aids Nationalists Independence movements Middle East, Africa, India want independence Europe fought nationlism during war, but had to revisit after Soviet Union pushes boundaries West New independent nations created in 1918 gobbled up by USSRUS heavily influenced W. Europe Occupied troops, economic aid (Marshall Plan), policy manipulation Two movements roots Occupied people push for independence/decolonization World's allegiances divided between US and USSRNationalism and Decolonizatino Introduction No more illusions of European dominance Destroyed by Nazis and Japanese Japanese victories over Europeans destroyed myth - Pearl Harbor, Singpaore\"\"death marches\"\" of Europeans Harsh rule of Japanese inspired nationalism - want to control fate Harsh total war sapped European desire to maintain empires US propagandizes notion of anticolonialism Atlantic Charter of 1941Roosevelt and Stalin persuaded Churchill to sign clause Recognize \"\"right of all people to chooce the form of government\"\"The Winning of Independence in South and Southeast Asia Indian National Congress demands independence in exchange for fighting Sir Stafford Cripps sent to India to get a deal, doesn't work Quit Indi"
},
{
"docid": "D2724495#0",
"title": "http://drnissani.net/MNISSANI/WWI/Encarta.htm\n.",
"text": "\"\"\"World War I,\"\" Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2001 http://encarta.msn.com World War II. INTRODUCTIONA military conflict, from August 1914 to November 1918, that involved many of the countries of Europe as well the United States and other nations throughout the world. World War I was one of the most violent and destructive wars in European history. Of the 65 million men who were mobilized, more than 10 million were killed and more than 20 million wounded. The term World War I did not come into general use until a second worldwide conflict broke out in 1939 ( see World War II ). Before that year, the war was known as the Great War or the World War. World War I was the first total war. Once the war began, the countries involved mobilized their entire populations and economic resources to achieve victory on the battlefield. The term home front, which was widely employed for the first time during World War I, perfectly symbolized this new concept of a war in which the civilian population behind the lines was directly and critically involved in the war effort. The war began as a clash between two coalitions of European countries."
},
{
"docid": "D1801726#0",
"title": "http://www.studymode.com/subjects/what-was-the-driving-force-behind-europe-imperialism-in-africa-page1.html\n\"\"\"What Was The Driving Force Behind Europe Imperialism In Africa\"\" Essays and Research Papers\"",
"text": "\"What Was The Driving Force Behind Europe Imperialism In Africa Explain what is meant by the term imperialism . Discuss the causes of imperialism in the 1800s. Kamar Findlay ID# 092165839 Mico University College Imperialism in Africa Mrs. Pitter October 29, 2011 Imperialism is \"\"the creation and or maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural, and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination\"\" (Johnston, 2000.p.375). In its simplest form Farah and Karls (2001) describes imperialism... Africa, British Empire, Colonialism 2170 Words | 6 Pages Open Document Imperialism in Africa Imperialism in Africa Imperialism is defined as one country's domination of the political, economic, and social life of another country. In Africa in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, imperialism was present and growing. The main countries involved in the imperialism in Africa were the French, German, and Great Britain. The French's empire was mainly in North and West Africa while Britain's colonies were scattered throughout the continent. Germany ruled over such countries as Tanganyika, Togoland... Africa, African people, Atlantic slave trade 969 Words | 3 Pages Open Documentimperialism What is imperialism? Why was its history so diverse? Explain by comparing different colonial settings."
},
{
"docid": "D542973#0",
"title": "http://imperialismpd1.weebly.com/-transoceanic-empires.html\nhow were transoceanic empires created/what problems did they face?",
"text": "\"how were transoceanic empires created/what problems did they face? With imperialism came the expansion of control overseas. Big powers like Europe wanted to make new economic gain through the making of transoceanic empires. It is defined as a \"\"system of political domination and economic exploitation by and 'imperial' nation of a 'colonial' area\"\". British in india In 1691 Great Britain's East India Company (EIC) convinced the nawab of Bengal to allow the establishment of a fortified outpost at the port of Calcutta. In 1765 the Mughal emperor was then persuaded to acknowledge the EIC right to rule Bengal. Thus the EIC profited from the tax revenues as well as through trade. On the south side of India the EIC had used forces from Madras to secure victory for the British Indian candidate for nawab of Arcot. Along with these two powers of Calcutta and Madras there existed a third center of British power in India: Bombay. By 1818 the EIC controlled an empire in India greater than any in western Europe."
},
{
"docid": "D2140315#0",
"title": "https://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110816122126AA7C6OP\nHow did india get independence?",
"text": "\"Society & Culture Holidays Independence Day How did india get independence?i have a project to do on the independence of india. so can you please tell me how it got independence and also tell me how the partition between india and pakistan occurred. thanks Follow 8 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: India attained Independence on August 15th 1947, after a great political and social struggle. The British had ruled over India for a considerable period of time. Their initial intentions were to carry out trade in India, but in due course of time they developed political and administrative ambitions. The Evolution of the Indian Independence Movement The British East India Company had gained much control over the internal affairs of India. The spirit of nationalism in India gained ground in the middle of the 19th century. It was strengthened by the formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885. The authoritative and indifferent attitude of the British towards the Indian sentiments led to the national movement gaining momentum. National leaders, like Mahatma Gandhi, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallabhai Patel and many others fought for political and administrative rights of the people."
},
{
"docid": "D1491453#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_importance_of_the_Sepoy_Mutiny\nWhat was the importance of the Sepoy Mutiny?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of Asia History of India Sepoy Mutiny What was the importance of the Sepoy Mutiny? Flag What was the importance of the Sepoy Mutiny? Answer by J. Baker Confidence votes 36.3KDoctor of Internal Medicine Psychiatry and Neurology (Board Cert.) Geriatric Medicine (Board Cert.) Addiction Medicine (Board Cert. ) It marked India's first attempt to gain independence from the oppressive British rule. This was the mutiny of Sepoy (Indian) soldiers, from the British army in 1857. The seeds of the mutiny were sown by increasing discontent, by many Indians, with British rule in India. The immediate proximate cause to the mutiny, itself, was the circulation of a rumor that the British rifles (which Indians had been given to use) were greased with beef fat. In a country where cows are sacred, this rumor alone was enough to precipitate the mutiny of these Indian soldiers from the British army."
},
{
"docid": "D594536#0",
"title": "http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Colonialism\nColonialism",
"text": "\"Previous (Colon (anatomy)) Next (Color)This map of the world in 1914 shows the large colonial empires that powerful nations established across the globe Colonialism is the extension of a nation's sovereignty over territory beyond its borders by the establishment of either settler colonies or administrative dependencies in which indigenous populations are directly ruled or displaced. Colonizing nations generally dominate the resources, labor, and markets of the colonial territory, and may also impose socio-cultural, religious and linguistic structures on the conquered population. Though the word colonialism is often used interchangeably with imperialism, the latter is sometimes used more broadly as it covers control exercised informally (via influence) as well as formal military control or economic leverage. The term colonialism may also be used to refer to a set of beliefs used to legitimize or promote this system. Colonialism was often based on the ethnocentric belief that the morals and values of the colonizer were superior to those of the colonized; some observers link such beliefs to racism and pseudo-scientific theories dating to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In the Western world, this led to a form of proto-social Darwinism that placed white people at the top of the animal kingdom, \"\"naturally\"\" in charge of dominating non-European indigenous populations. Contents [ hide ]1 Types of colonies2 History of colonialism3 Justification for Colonialism argued by Colonial Powers4 Neocolonialism4.1 U. S. foreign intervention4.2 French foreign intervention5 Post-colonialism5.1 Colonial literature6 Legacy: Impact of colonialism and colonization7 Notes8 References9 Credits Pith helmet of the Second French Empire. Negatively, attitudes of racial, cultural, religious and civilization superiority of the colonizers over the colonized that developed, often as a justification for political domination during the colonial era, continue to impact the lives of many people in the world today, informing how people in the rich North view those in the poorer South as well as minorities within the South of migrant origin. On the other hand, the colonial legacy is also one of close linguistic and cultural links between people across the globe. It has brought humanity together as members of a global community."
},
{
"docid": "D1651110#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/FAQ/5048\nFrench and Indian War",
"text": "\"Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History French and Indian War Unanswered | Answered French and Indian War Parent Category: War and Military History Questions about the French and Indian War, also known as the Seven Years' War, the Fourth Intercolonial War, and the Great War for the Empire.1 2 3 >How did the french and british plan to take control of Indian trade? Queen Elizabeth I send an English captain to Surat to takepermission for trade from the Mughal ruler that the Mughal rulergranted. King James I send his ambassador, Sir Thomas Roe. This ishow the British gradually enter themselves in India and establishedthe East India Company for their trade. Who won the Battle of Saratoga causing the French to enter the war against the British?the Americans won the Battle of Saratoga that cause King Louis Vllof France to aid the American with inevitable lead to French Revolution Is the french and Idian war part of how the 13 colonies started? No, but it did train some men like Washington. He was a young British officer. Why was lachlan mcintosh sent to the Ohio valley? Because he was sent to go seek peace with the other tribe Who claimed most of the land before the French and Indian War?spain claimed most of the land before the french and indian war. What date did the battle at lexington happen?1775Did the French and Indian War take place at night?yes Who was the Colonial leader of French and Indian War?"
},
{
"docid": "D2854961#0",
"title": "http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and-events/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-british-empire\nThe Rise and Fall of the British Empire",
"text": "Your browser does not support HTML5 MP4 video playback. Please use a different browser to watch this video, or install/upgrade the Flash Player. Wednesday, 21 June 2006, 12:00AMThe Rise and Fall of the British Empire Professor Kathleen Burk Share this lecture Bookmark this lecture Download this lecture In 1945, the imperial possessions of Great Britain circled the globe; in 2005, there was virtually nothing left of the Empire. Why? Was Great Britain forced out by the colonial peoples themselves, was she encouraged to leave by the United States or the United Nations, did economic decline make withdrawal almost inevitable, or did the British people lose the 'will to empire'? Professor Kathleen Burk Kathleen Burk is Professor of Modern and Contemporary History at University College London, columnist and radio panellist. She is the author of several distinguished scholarly books on the US and its interventions in the rest of the world, and a definitive biography of A J P Taylor. Kathleen’s most recent book, a history of England and America from 1600 to the present, which covers political, social, and economic history, Old World, New World was published by Little Brown. Professor Burk's main interests lie in Anglo-American relations, something she focussed on during her time as Gresham Professor of Rhetoric. Read More Wednesday, 21 June 2006, 12:00AMExtra Lecture Materials Power Point Presentation Your browser does not support HTML5 MP4 video playback."
},
{
"docid": "D259179#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/2441059/world-cultures-final-flash-cards/\nWorld Cultures Final",
"text": "\"262 terms Hollyheart175World Cultures Final Everything for my world cultures final. Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort When was Islam founded? 622How many Surahs are there in the Koran? 114Muhammad fled to this city: Medina During this period, Jews enjoyed more equitable arrangements in Western Europe: Enlightenment What is the name of the wealthy merchant who Muhammad converted to Islam? Abu Bakr What is the name of the mystic sect of Islam? Sufis A city that is holy to Muslims, Christians, & Jews is: Jerusalem The name the Romans used to refer to the Holy Land: Palestine This apostle of Christianity was a Jew that preached to Gentiles in Corinth, Rome, & Antioch: Paul Following Jesus' death Christians believe he walked the earth for how many days? 40Christianity, Islam & Judaism are all: Monotheistic The first Crusade was started with a speech given by: Pope Urban IIWhich of the following was NOT a European ruler who fought in the Third Crusade? Phillip IHatred towards Jews is known as: -Anti-semitism Which country were Jews NOT kicked out of during their expulsion from Western Europe? Poland What Roman General was responsible for destroying Jerusalem in 70 AD? Titus When did Israel become a nation?"
},
{
"docid": "D3323195#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/How-did-India-become-independent\nHow did India become independent?",
"text": "\"Independence Day (India) Bhagat Singh (Indian freedom fighter) Historical Politics of India Subhas Chandra Bose (Indian freedom fighter) Indian Independence Movement Historical India Politics of India India How did India become independent?http://www.deeshaa.org/netajis-ghost-the-freedom-struggle-by-n-s-rajaram/ad by Truth Finder Have you ever googled yourself? Do a “deep search” instead. Americans are shocked about how this new site can reveal so much more. Enter a name to begin. Learn More at truthfinder.com25 Answers Quora User, Indian. Coimbatorean. Updated Feb 28, 2016 · Author has 483 answers and 426.1k answer views Originally Answered: India: What was the biggest reason for getting independence in India? No one big reason. A variety of reasons. As always."
},
{
"docid": "D2626582#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/colonialism\nColonialism, Western",
"text": "Alternative Title: colonization Colonialism, Western, a political-economic phenomenon whereby various European nations explored, conquered, settled, and exploited large areas of the world. The age of modern colonialism began about 1500, following the European discoveries of a sea route around Africa’s southern coast (1488) and of America (1492). With these events sea power shifted from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic and to the emerging nation-states of Portugal, Spain, the Dutch Republic, France, and England. By discovery, conquest, and settlement, these nations expanded and colonized throughout the world, spreading European institutions and culture. European expansion before 1763Antecedents of European expansion Medieval Europe was largely self-contained until the First Crusade (1096–99), which opened new political and commercial communications with the Muslim Near East. Although Christian crusading states founded in Palestine and Syria proved ephemeral, commercial relations continued, and the European end of this trade fell largely into the hands of Italian cities. Early European trade with Asia The Oriental land and sea routes terminated at ports in the Crimea, until 1461 at Trebizond (now Trabzon, Turkey), Constantinople (now Istanbul), Asiatic Tripoli (in modern Lebanon), Antioch (in modern Turkey), Beirut (in modern Lebanon), and Alexandria (Egypt), where Italian galleys exchanged European for Eastern products. Competition between Mediterranean nations for control of Asiatic commerce gradually narrowed to a contest between Venice and Genoa, with the former winning when it severely defeated its rival city in 1380; thereafter, in partnership with Egypt, Venice principally dominated the Oriental trade coming via the Indian Ocean and Red Sea to Alexandria. Overland routes were not wholly closed, but the conquests of the central Asian warrior Timur (Tamerlane)—whose empire broke into warring fragments after his death in 1405—and the advantages of a nearly continuous sea voyage from the Middle and Far East to the Mediterranean gave Venice a virtual monopoly of some Oriental products, principally spices. The word spices then had a loose application and extended to many Oriental luxuries, but the most valuable European imports were pepper, nutmeg, cloves, and cinnamon."
},
{
"docid": "D1686805#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain_in_the_Seven_Years_War\nGreat Britain in the Seven Years' War",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Great Britain in the Seven Years War)navigation search This article is about the British role in the Seven Years' War. For other uses, see Seven Years' War. Part of a series on the Wars of Great Britain Seven Years' War Jacobite risings War of Jenkins' Ear War of the Austrian Succession Seven Years' War American Revolutionary War Fourth Anglo-Dutch War French Revolutionary Warsv t e James Wolfe's victory at the Battle of Quebec in 1759. Great Britain was one of the major participants in the Seven Years' War which lasted between 1754 and 1763. Britain emerged from the war as the world's leading colonial power, having gained a number of new territories at the Treaty of Paris in 1763 and established itself as the world's pre-eminent naval power. The war started poorly for Britain, which suffered many deaths from the plague and scurvy, and at the hands of France in North America during 1754–55; and in the loss of Menorca in 1756. The same year Britain's major ally Austria switched sides and aligned itself with France; and Britain was hastily forced to conclude a new alliance with Frederick the Great 's Prussia. For the next seven years these two nations were ranged against a growing number of enemy powers led by France. After a period of political instability, the rise of a government headed by the Duke of Newcastle and William Pitt the elder provided Britain with firmer leadership, enabling it to consolidate and achieve its war aims. In 1759 Britain enjoyed an Annus Mirabilis with success over the French on the continent (Germany), in North America (capturing the capital of New France ), and in India."
},
{
"docid": "D3043728#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_did_Canada_join_British_empire\nWhen and how did Canada join the British empire?",
"text": "Luke123 12 Contributions When and how did Canada join the British empire? Canada didn't exactly join the Empire. Canada was created as a colony and remained a part of the Empire after it became independent in 1867.it jshdg Platypus2468 43 Contributions Why did british Columbia join Canada? They wanted to join Canada because: ~they wanted Canada to pay for the colonies debts. ~they wanted Canada to make payments to the new province every year.they wanted to!!!!!! … Joncey 144,431 Contributions When did Ireland join the British Empire? Ireland was gradually conquered by the English from about 1170 onwards. When did Canada join the British empire? Canada joined the British empire in 1745. When did British Columbia join Canada?1871Robbb 62,719 Contributions When did the USA join the British empire?"
},
{
"docid": "D3336029#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/12320908/history-final-exam-flash-cards/\nHistory final exam",
"text": "\"56 terms Nandyvik History final exam Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort How geography influenced civilization in China Long distances and physical barriers separated China from Egypt, the Middle East, and India. This isolation contributed the Chinese belief that China was the center of the earth and the sole source of civilization. These beliefs in turn led the ancient Chinese to call their land Zhongguo, or the Middle Kingdom. Despite these formidable barriers, the Chinese did have contact with the outside world. They traded with neighboring people and, in time, Chinese goods reached the Middle East and beyond. As the Chinese expanded over an enormous area, their empire came to include many regions. In ancient times, the rivers provided water for irrigation (supply area with water) and served as transportation routes. Chinese history began in the Huang river valley, where Neolithic people learned to farm."
},
{
"docid": "D1964802#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/How-did-the-British-colonize-India\nHow did the British colonize India?",
"text": "\"Balaji Viswanathan, Indian by Birth. Indian by Thought. Updated May 7, 2013 · Author has 4.2k answers and 254.5m answer views Originally Answered: How did the British gain control of India? Britain came in the 1600s (with Sir Thomas Roe) when India was under the rule of Jehangir. India was a stronger nation back then. So, the British were contended to be traders. However, Nadir Shah's (of Iran) invasion of India in 1738, changed the picture (See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nad... ). The Mughal rulers were badly defeated and that signalled to the world that India was very weak. The East India Company immediately latched on and made use of the weakness. The timing was key."
},
{
"docid": "D120131#0",
"title": "http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/empire/g2/cs4/background.htm\n.",
"text": "The debate about British rule in India The rule of the British in India is possibly the most controversial and the most hotly debated aspect of the history of the British empire. Admirers of British rule point to the economic developments, the legal and administrative system, the fact that India became the centre of world politics. Critics of British rule generally point out that all of these benefits went to a tiny British ruling class and the majority of Indians gained little. Admirers of British rule counter this by saying that most Indians were poor and oppressed by their own leaders before the British arrived, and that British rule was less harsh on ordinary Indians than rule by Indian princes. Perhaps the main reason why the arguments are so heated and so complex is that India was very different from the other territories that made up the empire. North America and Australia, for example, were sparsely populated and their populations were less economically developed than Britain. India, however, had a huge population and was just as developed as Britain in the 1700s when the British arrived. The British were able to take control of India mainly because India was not united. The British signed treaties and made military and trading alliances with many of the independent states that made up India. The British were very effective at infiltrating these states and gradually taking control."
},
{
"docid": "D1175908#0",
"title": "https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/feb/23/apologising-amritsar-teach-british-empire\nApologising for Amritsar is pointless. Better redress is to never forget",
"text": "\"India Opinion Apologising for Amritsar is pointless. Better redress is to never forget William Dalrymple If Cameron feels real contrition he should make teaching of the British empire a compulsory part of the GCSE history syllabus Sat 23 Feb 2013 02.01 EST02.01 EST70 304David Cameron at the Golden temple in Amritsar this week. He declined to apologise for the 1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre, but said we must 'learn lessons'. Photograph: Munish Sharma/Reuters O n 13 April 1919 a large group of Punjabis protesting against British rule gathered in the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar. They were incensed at the arrest of two of their leaders, and for 24 hours the city had been consumed by riots. At five in the afternoon, General Reginald Dyer marched into Jallianwala Bagh with 140 troops, most of them Gurkhas, but with a few Sikhs and Baluchis as well. Having blocked the exits, they fired into the peaceful and unresisting crowds until they had exhausted all their ammunition. Official estimates put the casualties at 379 killed and 1,200 injured. Popular estimates put the casualties as much as 10 times higher. The massacre was a major turning point for the Indian freedom struggle and, along with Gandhi's Salt March 11 years later in 1930, was one of the two forces that gave India's march towards independence its unstoppable momentum."
},
{
"docid": "D2523038#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Game\nThe Great Game",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other uses, see The Great Game (disambiguation). Map of Central Asia today Map of northern Persia and northern Afghanistan in 1857 showing Khiva, Bukhara, and Kokand that form modern Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan\"\" The Great Game \"\" was a political and diplomatic confrontation that existed for most of the nineteenth century between the British Empire and the Russian Empire over Afghanistan and neighbouring territories in Central and Southern Asia. Russia was fearful of British commercial and military inroads into Central Asia, and Britain was fearful of Russia adding \"\"the jewel in the crown\"\", India, to the vast empire that Russia was building in Asia. This resulted in an atmosphere of distrust and the constant threat of war between the two empires. [ 1] [2] [3]The Great Game began on 12 January 1830 when Lord Ellenborough, the President of the Board of Control for India, tasked Lord William Bentinck, the Governor-General, to establish a new trade route to the Emirate of Bukhara. [ 2] [3] [4] Britain intended to gain control over the Emirate of Afghanistan and make it a protectorate, and to use the Ottoman Empire, the Persian Empire, the Khanate of Khiva, and the Emirate of Bukhara as buffer states between both empires. This would protect India and also key British sea trade routes by stopping Russia from gaining a port on the Persian Gulf or the Indian Ocean. [ 2] [3] Russia proposed Afghanistan as the neutral zone. [ 5] The results included the failed First Anglo-Afghan War of 1838, the First Anglo-Sikh War of 1845, the Second Anglo-Sikh War of 1848, the Second Anglo-Afghan War of 1878, and the annexation of Khiva, Bukhara, and Kokand by Russia. Historians consider the end of the Great Game to be 10 September 1895 signing of the Pamir Boundary Commission protocols, [6] when the border between Afghanistan and the Russian empire was defined. ["
}
] |
619897
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what did the british trade for in indian ocean
|
[
{
"docid": "D197981#0",
"title": "http://histclo.com/act/work/slave/ast/ast-io.html\nThe African Slave Trade: The Indian Ocean",
"text": "\"The African Slave Trade: The Indian Ocean Figure 1.--This photograph, taken in 1868, shows the Arab slave trade in Indian Ocean. We do not have details about who took the photograph. It is difficult to tell, but it may have been taken on an Aran dhow. We see both the Arab slavers and the enslaved Africans. Notice the large number of very young boys. The Indian Ocean from the early Islamic conquests (8th century) to the European voyages of discovery (15th century) was essentially an Arab lake dominatd by armed Arab traders, contested at times by the Persians. One of the important commodities transported over the Arab-controlled Indian Ocean was enslaved Africans. The principal port of embarcation for Afrians taken by Arab slavers was entrepôt Zanzibar. Not a lot is known about Zanzibar and the slave trade until the 19th century. By the time the Royal Navy moved against the Arab Indian Ocean slave trade, it was largely in the hands of the Sultanate of Zanzibar."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D3182869#0",
"title": "http://www.course-notes.org/flashcards/list/9167384\nQuizlet Lists",
"text": "\"Home Quizlet Lists Back to search results | Update this list Title : AP Wolrd Final Term Count : 98 Terms :290595985 D European exploration of the Americas resulted in all of the following EXCEPT A. the introduction of new products to the america's B. spread of European diseases, such as smallpox, to the Native Americans C. introduction of new products to Europe D. development of unified resistance by the Native Americans to European settlement 0290595986 B Cities differed from Neolithic villages in two principal ways. Firstly, cities were larger and more complex than Neolithic villages. Secondly, __________________________. A. cities served the needs of their inhabitants and immediate neighbors B. cities decisively influenced the economic, political and cultural life of large regions C. cities were less advanced militarily D. cities had populations in the thousands cities had protective deities 1290767523 B What happened in western Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire was similar to what occurred in A. Byzantium after the end of the Eastern Empire B. China after the fall of the Han C. Japan after the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate D. They Holy Land after the unsuccessful Crusades ended E. The Andes when the Spanish Ousted the Inca 2290767524 D A major influence on the development of western Europe was A. the movement of the Mongols B. Attila's advance against Rome C. The spread of Islam to Spain by the Moors D. The pressure put on Germanic people by the movement of the Huns E. The emergence of a unified Frankish Kingdom 3290767525 D Which of the following statements is an accurate description of both Buddhism and Hinduism? A. The caste system was an outgrowth of Hinduism but became identified also with Buddhism. B. Neither religion placed importance on the individual's efforts to seek release from rebirth. C. Nirvana was a major aspect of the belief system of both Buddhism and Hinduism. D. Both religions taught the importance of karma in affecting a person's fate. E. Buddhism made use of formal rituals, but Hinduism did not. 4290767526 A The Mandate of Heaven governed the relationship between the ruler and the ruled in A. China B. Japan C. France D. Ghana e. Russia 5290767527 B Monasticism was an important aspect of which two of the following religions?"
},
{
"docid": "D1451797#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/Why-did-colonialism-begin-from-Europe-Why-didnt-other-civilizations-like-the-Chinese-or-those-in-the-Middle-East-do-this-first-Why-did-the-colonized-countries-fail-to-defend-themselves\nWhy did colonialism begin from Europe? Why didn't other civilizations like the Chinese, or those in the Middle East do this first? Why did the colonized countries fail to defend themselves?",
"text": "\"Colonialism History of Europe World History Europe History Why did colonialism begin from Europe? Why didn't other civilizations like the Chinese, or those in the Middle East do this first? Why did the colonized countries fail to defend themselves?ad by Honey What travel hacks have saved you a lot of money? This free tool can save you a ton of money on sites like Expedia, Orbitz, Travelocity, and more. Learn More at joinhoney.com21 Answers Suzanne Marie Redalia Sullivan, studied anthropology at UCLAUpdated Jan 13, 2015 · Author has 1.5k answers and 2.1m answer views Colonialism is actually a lot older than the European Age of Discovery. Back in the Bronze Age and Iron Age, the Egyptians, Phoenicians and Greeks were establishing colonies throughout the Near East and Mediterranean. The Wikipedia article 'Colonies in Antiquity' states: \"\"An Egyptian colony that was stationed in southern Canaan dates to slightly before the First Dynasty. Narmer had Egyptian pottery produced in Canaan and exported back to Egypt, from regions such as Arad, En Besor, Rafiah, and Tel ʿErani. Shipbuilding was known to the ancient Egyptians as early as 3000 BC, and perhaps earlier. The Archaeological Institute of America reports that the earliest dated ship—75 feet long, dating to 3000 BC – may have possibly belonged to Pharaoh Aha."
},
{
"docid": "D1728890#0",
"title": "http://history1800s.about.com/od/lewisandclark/f/lewisclarkwhy.htm\nWhy Did the Lewis and Clark Expedition Cross North America?",
"text": "\"Humanities ›History & Culture Why Did the Lewis and Clark Expedition Cross North America? The Epic Voyage to the Pacific Had an Official Reason and Real Reasons Share Flipboard Email Print Meriwether Lewis. Fotosearch/Archive Photos/Getty Imagesby Robert Mc Namara Updated November 30, 2017Meriwether Lewis and William Clark and the Corps of Discovery crossed the North American continent from 1804 to 1806, traveling from St. Louis, Missouri to the Pacific Ocean and back. The explorers kept journals and drew maps during their voyage, and their observations greatly increased the available information about the North American continent. Before they crossed the continent there were theories about what lay in the West, and most of them made little sense. Even the president at the time, Thomas Jefferson, was inclined to believe some fanciful legends about the mysterious regions no white Americans had seen. The journey of the Corps of Discovery was a carefully planned venture of the United States government, and it was not conducted simply for adventure. So why why did Lewis and Clark make their epic journey? In the political atmosphere of 1804, President Thomas Jefferson offered a practical reason that ensured Congress would appropriate funds for the expedition. But Jefferson also had several other reasons, ranging from purely scientific to a desire to thwart European nations from colonizing the western frontier of America."
},
{
"docid": "D2079684#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanzibar\nZanzibar",
"text": "\"For other uses, see Zanzibar (disambiguation). Zanzibar Zanzibar ( Swahili) زنجبار ( Arabic) Zanjibār Flag Coat of arms Anthem: Mungu ametubarikia (Swahili)God has blessed us [1]Location within Tanzania The major islands of Unguja and Pemba Status Semi-autonomousregion of Tanzania Capital Zanzibar City Official languages Kiswahili Arabic English Ethnic groups Hadimu Tumbatu Religion Islam Christianity Demonym Zanzibari Government Federacy•President Ali Mohamed Shein• First VP Seif Sharif Hamad• Second VP Seif Ali Iddi Legislature House of Representatives Independence from the United Kingdom•Constitutional monarchy 10 December 1963•Revolution 12 January 1964•Merger 26 April 1964Area• Total [2] 2,461 km 2 (950 sq mi)Population• 2012 census 1,303,569 [3]• Density 529.7/km 2 (1,371.9/sq mi)GDP (nominal) 2012 estimate• Total $860 million [4]• Per capita $656Currency Tanzanian shilling ( TZS)Time zone EAT ( UTC +3)• Summer ( DST) not observed ( UTC +3)Drives on the left Calling code +255Internet TLD .tz Zanzibar ( / ˈ z æ n z ɪ b ɑːr /; Swahili: Zanzibar; Arabic: زنجبار , translit. Zanjibār) is a semi-autonomous region of Tanzania in East Africa. It is composed of the Zanzibar Archipelago in the Indian Ocean, 25–50 kilometres (16–31 mi) off the coast of the mainland, and consists of many small islands and two large ones: Unguja (the main island, referred to informally as Zanzibar) and Pemba Island. The capital is Zanzibar City, located on the island of Unguja. Its historic centre is Stone Town, which is a World Heritage Site. The name Zanzibar is derived from the Persian zang-bâr signifying \"\"black coast\"\". [ 5]Zanzibar's main industries are spices, raffia, and tourism. [ 6] In particular, the islands produce cloves, nutmeg, cinnamon, and black pepper. For this reason, the Zanzibar Archipelago, together with Tanzania's Mafia Island, are sometimes called the \"\"Spice Islands\"\" (a term also associated with the Maluku Islands of Indonesia)."
},
{
"docid": "D1662598#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origins_of_the_War_of_1812\nOrigins of the War of 1812",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the Anglo-American War of 1812 to 1815. For Napoleon's invasion of Russia, see French invasion of Russia. Origins of the War of 1812Chesapeake – Leopard affair Orders in Council (1807)Embargo Act of 1807Non-Intercourse Act (1809)Macon's Bill Number 2Tecumseh's War Henry letters War hawks Rule of 1756Monroe–Pinkney Treaty Little Belt affairv t e The War of 1812, a war between the United States, Great Britain, and Britain's Indian allies, lasted from 1812 to 1815. The U. S. declared war and historians have long debated the multiple factors behind that decision. [ 1]There were several causes for the U. S. declaration of war: First, a series of trade restrictions introduced by Britain to impede American trade with France, a country with which Britain was at war (the U. S. contested these restrictions as illegal under international law); [2] second, the impressment (forced recruitment) of U. S. seamen into the Royal Navy; third, the British military support for American Indians who were offering armed resistance to the expansion of the American frontier to the Northwest; fourth, a possible desire on the part of the United States to annex Canada. [ 3] An implicit but powerful motivation for the Americans was the desire to uphold national honor in the face of what they considered to be British insults (such as the Chesapeake affair ). [ 4]American expansion into the Northwest (Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois and Wisconsin) was impeded by Indian raids. Some historians maintain that an American goal in the war was annex some or all of Canada, a view that many Canadians still share, while others argue that inducing the fear of such a seizure had merely been a U. S. tactic designed to obtain a bargaining chip. [ 5] Some members of the British Parliament at the time [6] and dissident American politicians such as John Randolph of Roanoke [7] claimed that land hunger rather than maritime disputes was the main motivation for the American declaration. However, some historians, both Canadian and American, retain the view that desire to annex all or part of Canada was an American goal. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2627113#0",
"title": "http://www.hope-of-israel.org/ancientCanaanites.html\n.",
"text": "\"Hope of Israel Ministries (Ecclesia of YEHOVAH): What Happened to the Ancient Canaanites? Where Are They Today? The American Indians are definitely NOT descended from the Mongoloid peoples of Asia -- as modern anthropologists would have you believe. The Indians of North, Central and South America are descended from CANAANITE STOCK and arrived in the New World by different routes -- some across the Atlantic Ocean, others across the icy wastes of Siberia. The Canaanites have been a thorn in the side of Israel in all her wanderings. When Joshua entered the Promised Land of Palestine the Canaanites met them there; and when the Israelites entered the Promised Land of America the Canaanites were, once again, there to meet them!by John D. Keyser When Joshua the son of Nun entered the Promised Land at the head of the children of Israel, he set about implementing the commands of YEHOVAH God regarding the Canaanites in the land:\"\"When the LORD your God brings you to the land that you are about to enter and possess, and He DISLODGES many nations before you -- the HITTITES, Girgashites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, seven nations much larger than you -- and the LORD your God delivers them to you and you defeat them, you must doom them to destruction: grant them no terms and give them no quarter....this is what you shall do to them: you shall tear down their altars, smash their pillars, cut down their SACRED POSTS, and consign their images to the fire....\"\"You shall destroy all the peoples that the LORD your God delivers to you, showing them no pity.... The LORD your God will DISLODGE those peoples before you little by little; you will not be able to put an end to them at once, else the wild beasts would multiply to your hurt. The LORD your God will deliver them up to you, throwing them into utter panic until they are wiped out. He will deliver their kings into your hand, and you shall obliterate their name from under the heavens...\"\" (Deuteronomy 7: 1-2, 5, 16, 22-24. Tanakh ). When Joshua and the Israelites crossed the Jordan river just north of the Dead Sea, they camped awhile at Gilgal, then moved to take Jericho and Ai."
},
{
"docid": "D490083#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_Country\nOregon Country",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Not to be confused with Oregon County. Map of Oregon Country. Carver 's map of The River of the West, 1778, showing Lake Winnipeg. The Oregon Country was a predominantly American term referring to a disputed region of the Pacific Northwest of North America. The region was occupied by British and French Canadian fur traders from before 1810, and American settlers from the mid-1830s, with its coastal areas north from the Columbia River frequented by ships from all nations engaged in the maritime fur trade, most of these from the 1790s through 1810s being Boston-based. The Oregon Treaty of 1846 ended disputed joint occupancy pursuant to the Treaty of 1818 and established the British-American boundary at the 49th parallel (except Vancouver Island). [ citation needed]Oregon was a distinctly American term for the region. The British used the term Columbia District instead. [ 1] The Oregon Country consisted of the land north of 42°N latitude, south of 54°40′N latitude, and west of the Rocky Mountains — with the eastern border generally running on or close to the Continental Divide — westwards to the Pacific Ocean. The area now forms part of the present day Canadian province of British Columbia, all of the US states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, and parts of Montana and Wyoming."
},
{
"docid": "D861086#0",
"title": "http://clementsaec.blogspot.com/2010/03/hi-grade-7-students-this-is-for-you.html\nHi' Grade 7 Students. This is for you",
"text": "Hi' Grade 7 Students. This is for you Unit 1 to 4 Question and Answer Unit-1.1-The Maldivian Civilization 1. What is civilization? Ans. The highest level of development of a society. 2. What are the earliest civilizations? Ans. Sumerian, Egyptian, Indus valley and the Chinese. 3."
},
{
"docid": "D2008583#0",
"title": "https://www.morebeer.com/articles/ipaorigin\nIPA - The Origin of India Pale Ales",
"text": "« Back to Articles IPA - The Origin of India Pale Ales03/25/2015India Pale Ale, Part I: IPA and Empire — Necessity and Enterprise Give Birth to a Style ROOTS IN EMPIRE AND ADVENTUREIndia Pale Ale — the name stirs up images of tall ships and faraway places. A beer with such a name should have a bold and stirring character, and India Pale Ales (IPAs) usually deliver. The bitterness, hop aroma, fruitiness, and high mineral content characteristic of this style offer adventure in every pint. The adventure of IPA has proven irresistible to me. Over the past several years I have sampled a wide range of IPAs brewed in Britain and the United States, and these beers have rarely disappointed. This installment of “Brewing in Styles” reviews the events surrounding the creation of the original India Pale Ale recipe and considers the characteristics of 19th century examples of this style. The next issue’s installment will look at current interpretations of the style and consider various practical aspects of brewing beers within this theme. For beer lovers, the history of a style proves interesting and enlightening. This is particularly true for IPA lovers. More than having a place in the history of beer styles, IPA shaped the course of British brewing history."
},
{
"docid": "D1695149#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/9959718/ss-chapter-9-7th-grade-flash-cards/\nSS Chapter 9 7th grade",
"text": "\"68 terms Ford JJJSS Chapter 9 7th grade Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort How many troops were in the regular army at the start of the War of 1812? fewer than 7,000 troops What did Americans underestimate in their eagerness for war? the strength of the British and their Native American allies When did the War of 1812 start? July 1812Who led American naval forces to victory in the battle for Lake Erie? Commander Oliver Hazard Perry Where was Tecumseh killed? at the Battle of the Thames What American frigate destroyed the British warships the Guerriere and the Java? the Constituion Who led the bloody attack against the Creeks in March 1814? Andrew Jackson When did the British burn and destroy Washington, D. C.?"
},
{
"docid": "D709716#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071113081806AA7xKLb\nHistory help please!!!!?",
"text": "\"Arts & Humanities History History help please!!!!? After Columbus' voyages to the New World, there arose the question of \"\"Who owns the New World?\"\" Was it Spain or Portugal? ( The Native Americans weren't given a \"\"say\"\" in the matter.) How did Spain and Portugal resolve this problem? After the Albany Plan failed, the First...show more Follow 11 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: During the 15th century, the European nations of Spain and Portugal began a series of explorations to find trade routes to the Far East. An accidental outcome of this search was the discovery by Christopher Columbus in 1492 of land in the Western Hemisphere. Although he and his immediate successors failed to recognize it, he had found another world. The New World contained all the natural wealth for which 15th-century people longed—and far more. Here were great deposits of the gold which they sought so eagerly."
},
{
"docid": "D448513#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/21367360/ap-world-history-period-4-global-interactions-c-1450-to-c-1750-flash-cards/\nAP World History Period 4: Global Interactions (c. 1450 to c. 1750)",
"text": "\"50 terms APWorld History13AP World History Period 4: Global Interactions (c. 1450 to c. 1750)Period 4: Global Interactions, c. 1450 to c. 1750Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Describe the degree of global 'interconnection' after 1500 CE compared to before 1500. By the year 1500, many discoveries in Europe allowed them to travel further, connecting them to the Indian Ocean trade routes as well as to the new world. This was a major increase in global 'interconnectedness,' as these regions had been previously relatively isolated. What were the overall effects of this change in global interconnectedness? The main effect was the connection between Europe and Asia and between the existing world and the Americas. These connections allowed for trade, exchanges of ideas, and the formation of colonies. How did the global trade network after 1500 CE affect the pre-existing regional trade networks? ( Indian Ocean, Mediterranean, trans-Saharan, Silk Routes) The European presence in the Indian Ocean trade did not greatly influ ence the other participants."
},
{
"docid": "D580538#0",
"title": "http://users.humboldt.edu/ogayle/hist110/geography.html\n.",
"text": "\"As of December 31, 2014, I retired from full-time teaching in Humboldt State University's Department of History. While this website will remain online, it is no longer maintained. History 110 - Dr. Gayle Olson-Raymer The Geographical Consequences of Manifest Destiny Today we begin our third unit of study - Movement Westward and Manifest Destiny. This newest chapter in our storybegins at the turn of the 19th Century as Americans began to cut a small pathway into the American west,continues as Americans begin their persistent trek westward throughout the North American continent, andends in 1890 when the federal government declared that a \"\"frontier of settlement\"\" no longer existed; the North American continent had been settled and was officially civilized. We have come to call this period of U. S. history the era of Manifest Destiny. To get a better understanding of this era, we will begin with this famous painting - American Progress - painted by John Gast in 1872. What examples of progress do you see in the painting? Why is this painting also an example of one of our course themes - Progress is not always progressive? And just what is Manifest Destiny? Manifest Destiny - The belief that Americans had the God-given right to expand westward, to spread democracy, and to conquer anything and anyone as they marched across the North American continent."
},
{
"docid": "D2579847#0",
"title": "https://docs.google.com/document/d/1fmimXM7eeRwMCxBWi12ypBQ6UUGrNeQzutjYAk0Et4c/edit#!\n.",
"text": "\"CHAPTER 19Southwest Asia and the Indian Ocean, 1500–1750INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVESAfter studying this chapter students should:1. Understand how the Ottomans built and administered their territorial empire.2. Understand the rise of the Safavids and the role of Shi’ite Islam in the development of Iranian identity under the Safavids.3. Understand the construction of the Mughal Empire in India and the relations between Islam, Hinduism, and Sikhism.4. Understand the internal and external factors that led to the decline of the Ottoman and Mughal Empires and to the fall of the Safavids.5. Understand the roles of the Portuguese, Oman, and the Dutch in the development of trade in the Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia. CHAPTER OUTLINEI. The Ottoman Empire, to 1750A. Expansion and Frontiers1. Osman established the Ottoman Empire in northwestern Anatolia in 1300. He and his successors consolidated control over Anatolia, fought Christian enemies in Greece and in the Balkans, captured Serbia and the Byzantine capital of Constantinople, and established a general border with Iran.2."
},
{
"docid": "D650331#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/What-was-India-Pakistan-and-Bangladesh-called-before-the-partition-of-1947\n\"What were \"\"India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh\"\" called before the partition of 1947? Were they called India?\"",
"text": "\"History of India and Pakistan Pakistan and Bangladesh India and Bangladesh Partition of India (1947) Indian Independence Movement Bangladesh Historical India India–Pakistan Relations Pakistan India What were \"\"India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh\"\" called before the partition of 1947? Were they called India?7 Answers Quora User Answered Aug 20, 2016 · Author has 411 answers and 214.8k answer views India was always called India but not by Indians themselves. “ India” was the word Europeans use for the subcontinent, itself borrowed from the Persian word “Hind”. Europeans dropped the ‘H’ because both Greek and Latin have no use for ‘h’ sound. They fancied suffixing “ia” to names of countries - Italia, Britannia, Russia and so forth. Indians, while always acutely aware of their distinctness with respect to rest of the world, did not think of themselves as nation in the modern sense. Probably, constant invasions, changing borders, short lived dynasties exhausted them that they stopped bothering with the idea of a nation or country. Pointless, the names they gave themselves never stuck. Even centuries of Muslim rule did not change that. The Brit came along and yelled out \"\"Hey!"
},
{
"docid": "D2854961#0",
"title": "http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and-events/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-british-empire\nThe Rise and Fall of the British Empire",
"text": "Your browser does not support HTML5 MP4 video playback. Please use a different browser to watch this video, or install/upgrade the Flash Player. Wednesday, 21 June 2006, 12:00AMThe Rise and Fall of the British Empire Professor Kathleen Burk Share this lecture Bookmark this lecture Download this lecture In 1945, the imperial possessions of Great Britain circled the globe; in 2005, there was virtually nothing left of the Empire. Why? Was Great Britain forced out by the colonial peoples themselves, was she encouraged to leave by the United States or the United Nations, did economic decline make withdrawal almost inevitable, or did the British people lose the 'will to empire'? Professor Kathleen Burk Kathleen Burk is Professor of Modern and Contemporary History at University College London, columnist and radio panellist. She is the author of several distinguished scholarly books on the US and its interventions in the rest of the world, and a definitive biography of A J P Taylor. Kathleen’s most recent book, a history of England and America from 1600 to the present, which covers political, social, and economic history, Old World, New World was published by Little Brown. Professor Burk's main interests lie in Anglo-American relations, something she focussed on during her time as Gresham Professor of Rhetoric. Read More Wednesday, 21 June 2006, 12:00AMExtra Lecture Materials Power Point Presentation Your browser does not support HTML5 MP4 video playback."
},
{
"docid": "D1679267#0",
"title": "http://discoveringbristol.org.uk/slavery/routes/places-involved/south-america/Spain-slavery-contract/\nSpainâs Slavery Contract",
"text": "Home › Bristol and Transatlantic Slavery › Slavery Routes › The Places Involved› South America ›Spain’s Slavery Contract Map of Jamaica, 1808. Spain was building its empire in the newly discovered lands of the Americas. It needed people to work in the mines and on the plantations that were developing. At first, the local people, Indians, were used as free labour. They had been in the Americas long before the Spanish and other Europeans arrived. The Indians were often enslaved and forced to work by the newcomers. But, the Indian population decreased rapidly after the Europeans arrived in the Americas. The Europeans came with swords and guns, as well as dogs and horses. The Indians had bows and arrows and spears, but were no match for the newcomers. They did not have horses to escape on or dogs to protect them."
},
{
"docid": "D227800#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldives\nMaldives",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Republic of Maldivesދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ ( Dhivehi)Dhivehi Raa'jeyge Jumhooriyya Flag Emblem Anthem: Qaumii salaam National Salute Location of Maldives in the Indian Ocean Capital and largest city MaléOfficial languages Maldivian (Dhivehi)Ethnic groups (2011)≈100% Maldivians a [1] [2] [3]Demonym Maldivian Government Unitary presidentialconstitutional republic•President Abdulla Yameen•Vice President Abdulla Jihad [4]•Speaker Abdulla Maseeh Mohamed [5]•Chief Justice Abdullah Saeed [6]Legislature People's Majlis Independence• from the United Kingdom 26 July 1965• Current constitution 7 August 2008Area• Total 298 [7] km 2 (115 sq mi) ( 187th)• Water (%) 0Population• 2016 estimate 427,756 [8] ( 175th)• 2014 census 341,356 [9]• Density 1,102.5/km 2 (2,855.5/sq mi) ( 11th)GDP ( PPP) 2017 estimate• Total $5.853 billion [10] ( 162nd)• Per capita $16,275 [10] ( 69th)GDP (nominal) 2017 estimate• Total $3.578 billion [10]• Per capita $9,948 [10]Gini (2005–2013) 37.4 [11]medium HDI (2014) 0.706 [12]high · 103rd Currency Maldivian rufiyaa ( MVR)Time zone Maldives Time ( UTC +5)Date format dd/mm/yy Drives on the Left Calling code +960ISO 3166 code MVInternet TLD .mv Excluding foreign nationals. The Maldives ( / ˈ m ɒ l d iː v z / or / ˈ m ɔː l d aɪ v z / ( listen); Dhivehi: ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ Dhivehi Raa'jey ), officially the Republic of Maldives, is a South Asian island country, located in the Indian Ocean, situated in the Arabian Sea. It lies southwest of Sri Lanka and India. The chain of 26 atolls stretches from Ihavandhippolhu Atoll in the north to the Addu City in the south. Comprising a territory spanning roughly 298 square kilometres (115 sq mi), the Maldives is one of the world's most geographically dispersed countries, as well as the smallest Asian country by both land area and population, with around 427,756 inhabitants. Malé is the capital and most populated city, traditionally called the \"\" King's Island \"\" for its central location. The Maldives archipelago is located atop the Chagos-Laccadive Ridge, a vast submarine mountain range in the Indian Ocean, which also forms a terrestrial ecoregion, together with the Chagos and the Lakshadweep. [ 13] With an average ground-level elevation of 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) above sea level, [14] it is the world's lowest country, with even its highest natural point being the lowest in the world, at 2.4 metres (7 ft 10 in). [ 14] Due to the consequent risks posed by rising sea-levels, the government pledged in 2009 to make the Maldives a carbon-neutral country by 2019. [ 15] [ needs update]The Maldivian archipelago took to Islam in the 12th century and consolidated as a sultanate, developing strong commercial and cultural ties with Asia and Africa."
},
{
"docid": "D3440171#0",
"title": "http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/imperialism/notes/frenchempire.html\n.",
"text": "French Colonial Empires The first French colonial empire The early voyages of Giovanni da Verrazano and Jacques Cartier in the early 16th century, as well as the frequent voyages of French fishermen to the Grand Banks off Newfoundland throughout that century, were the precursors to the story of France's colonial expansion. But Spain's jealous protection of its American monopoly, and the disruptions caused in France itself by the Wars of Religion in the later 16th century, prevented any consistent efforts to establish colonies. Early French attempts to found colonies in Brazil, in 1555 at Rio de Janeiro (the so-called France Antarctique) and in 1612 at São Luís (the so-called France Équinoxiale ), and in Florida were unsuccessful, due to Portuguese and Spanish vigilance. The story of France's colonial empire truly began on July 27, 1605 with the foundation of Port Royal in the colony of Acadia in North America, in what is now Nova Scotia, Canada. A few years later, in 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec, which was to become the capital of the enormous, but sparsely settled, fur-trading colony of New France (also called Canada). Although, through alliances with various Native American tribes, the French were able to exert a loose control over much of the North American continent, areas of French settlement were generally limited to the St. Lawrence River valley. Prior to the establishment of the 1663 Sovereign Council, the territories of New France was developed as mercantile colonies. It is only after the arrival of intendant Jean Talon that France gave its American colonies the proper means to develop population colonies comparable to that of the British. For most of the history of New France, even Canada was far behind the British North American colonies in both population and economic development. Acadia itself was lost to the British in the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713."
},
{
"docid": "D1902362#0",
"title": "http://worldhistoryconnected.press.illinois.edu/5.1/lockard.html\nSoutheast Asia in World History 1",
"text": "\"An old and much-loved Indonesian folk song about the Solo River in central Java related Southeast Asia's green lands to its blue waters, the past to the present, and the local people to the wider world: \"\"Solo River, ancient your histories span. Linking present to past, linking the life of the soil and man. In the summer's heat your streams are sluggish and slow. In the rainy season's height far afield your banks overflow. Now you flow on through fertile rice fields, down to the sea at last. Here are ships of trade, and when your journey's over, sailors brave the ocean wide, seeking some far distant shore.\"\" Today, in an increasingly globalized world, institutions, ideas, ways of life, and traditions are colliding, blending, and even sometimes disappearing. But the process of mixing old and new, local and imported, began for Southeast Asians many centuries ago as the region and its peoples were connected, directly or indirectly, to other Asian peoples and to societies all over the Eastern hemisphere and, after 1500, to the Western hemisphere. The song about the Solo River reflects these encounters. In various writings over the past 25 years I have noted how world history texts and many academic studies on world history, not to mention History departments in North American colleges and universities, have tended to ignore Southeast Asia, especially for the centuries prior to 1800."
}
] |
619914
|
what did the chicano movement achieve
|
[
{
"docid": "D196001#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicano_Movement\nChicano Movement",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Chicano Movement Part of Chicanismo Cesar Chavez with demonstrators Date 1940s to 1970s Location Mainly in the Southwestern United States Caused by Racism in the United States Goals Chicanismo Methods Occupations, Protest, Boycotts, School walkouts Parties to the civil conflict Chicano Rights Groups Organizations American GI Forum Brown Berets MECh AMexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund United Farm Workers Venceremos Government of the United States US Legislature Lead figures Cesar Chavez Reies López Tijerina Dr. Hector P. Garcia Rodolfo \"\"Corky\"\" Gonzáles Dolores Huerta Government Leaders ( President of the United States)/Hispanic and Latino Americans National origin groups [show]History [show]Colonial casta system [show]Political movements [show]Organizations [show]Culture [show]Related national groups [show]Languages [show]Ethnic groups [show]Lists [show]v t e The Chicano Movement of the 1960s, also called the Chicano civil rights movement or El Movimiento, was a civil rights movement extending the Mexican-American civil rights movement of the 1960s with the stated goal of achieving Mexican American empowerment. Similar to the Black Power movement, scholars have also written about the repression and police brutality experienced by members of this movement which some connect to larger government-organized activity such as COINTELPRO. Contents [ hide ]1 Origins2 Chicanas in the movement3 Geography4 Political activism5 Student walkouts6 Student and youth organizations7 Anti-war activism8 Relations with Police9 Chicano art10 Chicano press11 Aztlán12 See also13 References14 Further reading15 External links Origins [ edit]The Chicano Movement encompassed a broad list of issues—from restoration of land grants, to farm workers' rights, to enhanced education, to voting and political rights, as well as emerging awareness of collective history. Socially, the Chicano Movement addressed negative ethnic stereotypes of Mexicans in mass media and the American consciousness. In an article in The Journal of American History, Edward J. Escobar describes some of the negativity of the time: The conflict between Chicanos and the LAPD thus helped Mexican Americans develop a new political consciousness that included a greater sense of ethnic solidarity, an acknowledgment of their subordinated status in American society, and a greater determination to act politically, and perhaps even violently, to end that subordination. While most people of Mexican descent still refused to call themselves Chicanos, many had come to adopt many of the principles intrinsic in the concept of chicanismo. [ 1]Chicanos did this through the creation of works of literary and visual art that validated the Mexican American ethnicity and culture practices. The term Chicanos was originally used as a derogatory label for the sons and daughters of Mexican migrants. Some prefer to spell the word \"\"Chicano\"\" as \"\"Xicano\"\". This new generation of Mexican Americans were singled out by people on both sides of the border in whose view these Mexican Americans were not \"\"American\"\", yet they were not \"\"Mexican\"\", either."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1841130#0",
"title": "http://www.studymode.com/subjects/why-is-the-civil-rights-movement-often-called-a-second-reconstruction-page1.html\n\"\"\"Why Is The Civil Rights Movement Often Called A Second Reconstruction\"\" Essays and Research Papers\"",
"text": "\"Why Is The Civil Rights Movement Often Called A Second Reconstruction The Laws in the Reconstruction Era and the Civil Rights Movement The civil rights movement that started and grew through the years following the Brown v. Board of Education decision of 1954 and with the help of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (Patterson, 2001) marked an important period that accomplished more than ending segregation in cities and unfair rights; it led to the transformation of American social, cultural, and political life. The civil rights movement did not only demonstrate that... African American, Black people, Jim Crow laws 2531 Words | 7 Pages Open Document The Civil Rights Movement The Civil Rights Movement The civil rights movement was a period of time when blacks attempted to gain their constitutional rights of which they were being deprived. The movement has occurred from the 1950's to the present, with programs like Affirmative Action. Many were upset with the way the civil rights movement was being carried out in the 1960's. As a result, someone assassinated the leader of the movement, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Many blacks were infuriated at this death so there were... Affirmative action, Black people, Civil rights and liberties 1438 Words | 4 Pages Open Document Civil Rights Movement The Civil Rights Movement made a major impact on how today’s society is. The Civil Rights Movement was an era in America when blacks fought for racial equality. Numerous actions took place in the post World War II era that led to the gain of equality. Individuals alone made a great effect because it made people realize how determined they were. Certain Individuals created organizations to make protest more coordinated. The government also took part in the changing of lives for African Americans.... African American, Civil disobedience, Democratic Party 1148 Words | 3 Pages Open Document Civil Rights Movement HEAD: CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT 1 CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT Donna Fedelski Mount Washington College CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT 2 ABSTRACT I am writing my mid-term paper on the Civil Rights Movement which I think is one of the most important movements in the United States in the last one hundred years."
},
{
"docid": "D1455038#0",
"title": "http://www.tolerance.org/article/sexism-civil-rights-movement-discussion-guide\nSexism in the Civil Rights Movement: A Discussion Guide",
"text": "\"ARTICLESexism in the Civil Rights Movement: A Discussion Guide A closer examination of heroes in our culture. July 7, 2009 Jennifer Holladay TEACH THISPrint SHAREemail facebook twitter Teaching about the Civil Rights Movement used to be easy. These days, however, when educators assign research projects about the struggle to end U. S. apartheid, students are likely to stumble upon resources that contain disturbing and seemingly adverse information. One such resource is Michael Eric Dyson's recently released I May Not Get There with You: The True Martin Luther King, Jr. Conceptualized and written for today's \"\"hip hop\"\" youth, this new biography delves deeply into allegations about King's chauvinism and promiscuity as well as into sexism in the Civil Rights Movement generally. In this way, the text complicates the commonly held, one-dimensional perceptions of King and the struggle to end segregation. Teachers can handle resources like I May Not Get There with You in several ways. We can revert to lecturing about the Civil Rights Movement, telling students only what we may want them to know. We can assign research projects and then wait for students to ask questions about the allegations, hoping that they never do. Or we can assign research projects, anticipate students' discovery of controversial materials and then provide a framework for classroom discussions about the allegations. After reading or hearing about books like Dyson's I May Not Get There with You, many students may question the very heroes whom they have admired from a very young age."
},
{
"docid": "D1650585#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960s\n1960s",
"text": "\"1960s From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"'60s\"\" redirects here. For decades comprising years 60–69 of other centuries, see List of decades. For the CNN documentary miniseries, see The Sixties (miniseries). Millennium: 2nd millennium Centuries:19th century 20th century 21st century Decades:1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s Years:1960 1961 1962 1963 19641965 1966 1967 1968 1969Categories: Births Deaths By country By topic Establishments Disestablishments The 1960s (pronounced \"\"nineteen-sixties\"\") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on 1 January 1960, and ended on 31 December 1969. [ 1] The term \"\"1960s\"\" also refers to an era more often called the Sixties, denoting the complex of inter-related cultural and political trends around the globe. This \"\"cultural decade\"\" is more loosely defined than the actual decade, beginning around 1963 with the Kennedy assassination and ending around 1974 with the Watergate scandal. [ 2] [3]Contents [ hide ]1 Overview2 Politics and wars2.1 Wars2.2 Internal conflicts2.3 Coups2.4 Nuclear threats2.5 Decolonization and independence2.6 Prominent political events2.7 Notable world leaders3 U. S. economics4 Assassinations5 Disasters6 Social and political movements6.1 Counterculture and social revolution6.2 Anti-war movement6.3 Civil rights movement6.4 Hispanic and Chicano movement6.5 Second-wave feminism6.6 Gay rights movement6.7 New Left6.8 Crime7 Science and technology7.1 Science7.2 Technology8 Popular culture8.1 Music8.2 Film8.3 Television8.4 Fashion8.5 Literature8.6 U. S. publication of previously banned works8.7 Sports9 Additional notable world-wide events10 See also10.1 Timelines11 References12 Further reading12.1 Historiography13 External links Overview [ edit]Top, L-R: 2 U. S. soldiers crawl on the ground during the Vietnam War; The Beatles who were part of the British Invasion that changed music in the United States and around the world. Centre, left to right: John F. Kennedy is assassinated in 1963, after serving as President for three years; Martin Luther King Jr. makes his famous I Have a Dream speech to a crowd of over a million; millions participate in the Woodstock Festival of 1969. Bottom, left to right: China's Mao Zedong initiates the Great Leap Forward plan; the Stonewall Inn, site of major demonstrations for gay and lesbian rights; for the first time in history, a human being sets foot on the Moon, during the Cold War -era Space Race, July 1969. \"\" The Sixties\"\", as they are known in both scholarship and popular culture, is a term used by historians, journalists, and other objective academics; in some cases nostalgically to describe the counterculture and revolution in social norms about clothing, music, drugs, dress, sexuality, formalities, and schooling; and in others pejoratively to denounce the decade as one of irresponsible excess, flamboyance, and decay of social order."
},
{
"docid": "D315373#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoot_Suit_Riots\nZoot Suit Riots",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Zoot Suit Riot\"\" redirects here. For the album by the Cherry Poppin' Daddies, see Zoot Suit Riot (album). For that album's title song, see Zoot Suit Riot (song). Zoot Suit Riots Zoot suits in 1942Date June 1943Location Los Angeles County, California, United States Caused by Conflict between European-American servicemen stationed in Southern California and Mexican-American youths Methods Widespread rioting The Zoot Suit Riots were a series of conflicts in June 1943 in Los Angeles, California, United States, which pitted European Americans servicemen stationed in Southern California against Mexican American youths and other minorities who were residents of the city. European American servicemen and White European immigrant civilians attacked and stripped children, teens, and youths who wore zoot suits, ostensibly because they considered the outfits to be unpatriotic during World War II, as they had a lot of fabric. Rationing of fabric was required at the time for the war effort. While most of the violence was directed toward Mexican American youth, young African American and Filipino Americans who were wearing zoot suits were also attacked. [ 1]The Zoot Suit Riots were related to fears and hostilities aroused by the coverage of the Sleepy Lagoon murder trial, following the killing of a young Latino man in a barrio near Los Angeles. The riot appeared to trigger similar attacks that year by European Americans against Latinos in Chicago, San Diego, Oakland, Evansville, Philadelphia, and New York City. [ 2]Contents [ hide ]1 Origins2 Immediate lead-up to the riots3 The riots4 Reactions5 See also6 References7 Further reading8 External links Origins [ edit]During the early 20th century, many Mexicans immigrated for work to such areas as Texas, Arizona, and California. ["
},
{
"docid": "D3261247#0",
"title": "http://www.pbs.org/americanfamily/mural.html\n.",
"text": "\"Cisco's Journal: A personal perspective on the Gonzalez family. The Art of the Muralby Professor Judith Baca Judy Baca Perhaps it was the abundance of concrete, or the year-round painting season, or the city full of Mexican workers that made Los Angeles the place where murals began to be a predominant art form. Or perhaps it was because an entire population – the majority of the city – had been “disappeared” in textbooks, in the media, in cultural markers of place, and needed to find a way to reclaim a city of Mexican and indigenous roots. In 1932, a mural was painted on Olvera Street, the birthplace of Los Angeles, by the great maestro David Alfaro Siqueiros, the Mexican muralist/painter. Siqueiros was the last of Los Tres Grandes (The Three Great Muralists), who after the 1910 revolution in Mexico began a cultural revolution that taught the precepts of the revolution and the history of Mexico through murals. Siqueiros, the most revolutionary of the three in materials usage, social intent and content, worked for a period of time in Los Angeles. His 80-foot-long mural America Tropical spoke to the exploitation of the Mexican worker. Commissioned by the city fathers for a Bavarian beer garden (owned by a Nazi), the mural was intended to depict a kitchsy Mexican village scene for the benefit of tourists. Instead, Siqueiros made the central image of the mural a crucified figure. America Tropical, master mural, black and white."
},
{
"docid": "D3337484#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gronk_%28artist%29\nGronk (artist)",
"text": "\"Gronk (artist)From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Gronk Gronk in the Spring of 2006Born Glugio Gronk Nicandro 1954 Los Angeles, CANationality American Movement Chicano Art Gronk (born 1954 [1] in East Los Angeles, California, USA) is the pseudonym of Chicano painter, printmaker, and performance artist Glugio Nicandro. [ 2] His work is collected by museums around the country including the Smithsonian American Art Museum. [ 3]Contents [ hide ]1 Biography2 Career and Art3 Quotes4 Murals5 Sources6 See also7 References8 External links Biography [ edit]Gronk was born in Los Angeles to Mexican-American parents and was raised mainly by his mother. [ 2] He remembers that he was always making things and he felt that was what he was best at. [ 2] He also remembers being influenced by popular culture on television. [ 2] Another artistic influence on Gronk was his uncle who was always drawing and Gronk wanted to be able to draw like him. [ 2]Another influence on Gronk was foreign film which he generally watched in Santa Monica. [ 2] He was fascinated with the larger world and concepts that many of these films from Russia, France and elsewhere brought to his imagination. [ 2] At age fourteen, Gronk started writing his own plays. [ 2]One of his earliest performance plays was Cockroaches Have No Friends, which led to him meeting Patssi Valdez, Harry Gamboa, Jr, Willie Herron and Sylvia Delgado, with the first three of them becoming members of Asco later on. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2586775#0",
"title": "https://www.questia.com/library/history/united-states-history/hispanic-american-history/hispanic-american-civil-rights\nHispanic-American Civil Rights",
"text": "\"Hispanic-American Civil Rights Hispanic-American civil rights embody the overall social and economic integration of Hispanics into American society. Hispanic Americans come from a variety of places throughout Latin America, including Cuba, Mexico, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico and El Salvador; they may also come from Spain. Hispanic Americans are primarily an ethnic group, not a racial group. Due to their status as a minority, Hispanic Americans have worked to earn their civil rights alongside African Americans and other minorities. There has been a Hispanic presence in America since the 16th century. Spanish conquistadors were the first to explore the Americas and settle the New World. Spaniards established themselves primarily in the western regions that are now California, Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. Most Mexican Americans are concentrated in the Southwest, whereas Cuban Americans live in the Southeast. Many Mexican Americans are descended from 19th and 20th century immigrants. Los Angeles, California has the largest population of Hispanic Americans in the entire country."
},
{
"docid": "D2537940#0",
"title": "https://www.sdcity.edu/AcademicPrograms/ProgramsofInstruction/ChicanoStudies/CourseDescriptions/ChicanoStudiesCHIC\nChicano Studies (CHIC)",
"text": "\"Home > Academic Programs > Programs of Instruction > Chicano Studies > Course Descriptions > Chicano Studies (CHIC)Chicano Studies (CHIC)110A Introduction to Chicano Studies - 3 hours lecture, 3 units (Letter Grade or Pass/No Pass Option)Advisory: English 47A or English 48 and English 49, each with a grade of \"\"C\"\" or better, or equivalent, or Assessment Skill Levels R5 and W5. This course is an introductory survey of the field of Chicana/o Studies and the factors that influence the Chicano culture. Emphasis is placed on the historical development of the Chicano people including their Mesoamerican roots, cultural identification, political activities, and their contemporary roles and influence in United States culture, society and economy. This course is designed for students majoring in Chicano Studies and/or Social Sciences and all students interested in Chicana/o culture. ( FT) AA/AS; CSU; UC.110B Introduction to Chicano Studies - 3 hours lecture, 3 units (Letter Grade or Pass/No Pass Option)Advisory: English 47A or English 48 and English 49, each with a grade of “C” or better, or equivalent, or Assessment Skill Levels R5 and W5. This course is a survey of the field of Chicano Studies and the historical and contemporary factors that influence Chicano society. Emphasis is placed on the Chicana/o experience in the United States through an analysis of the social, political, and economic factors that impact and shape the Chicana/o community. This course is designed all students interested in Chicano Studies. ( FT) AA/AS; CSU; UC.130 Mexican Literature in Translation - 3 hours lecture, 3 units (Letter Grade or Pass/No Pass Option)Advisory: English 42 and English 43, each with a grade of “C” or better, or equivalent, or Assessment Skill Levels R4 and W4. A survey of Mexican literature in translation, introducing students to authors of the novel, short story poem, essay, and folklore. ("
},
{
"docid": "D1827445#0",
"title": "http://www.multiculturalfamilia.com/2012/03/19/hispanic-latino-chicano-mexica-the-origins-of-race-labels/\nHispanic, Latino, Chicano, Mexica â The Origins of Race Labels",
"text": "Hispanic, Latino, Chicano, Mexica – The Origins of Race Labels March 19, 2012 by Glenn Robinson The Origins of Race Labels I’ve been confused about people labels most of my life. If you’re familiar with my writing, you’ve seen that I use the term ‘Hispanic Latino Mexica’ all together. You may have wondered why I use so many terms, what Mexica means and how to pronounce it. I prefer including more descriptions to avoid offending anyone. Here’s a breakdown organized from general to specific.__________________________________________________________Hispanic Origin: U. S. English but with roots from the Spanish words Hispania and Hispaniola The word Hispanic has become popular in U. S. main stream media from the time ‘Hispanic’ appeared as a limited trail on the 1970 U. S. census and on all U. S. censuses from 1980 to the most recent 2010 census. The Oxford Dictionary defines Hispanic as:relating to Spain or to Spanish-speaking countries, especially those of Central and South America Merriam Webster adds:of or relating to the people, speech, or culture of Portugal Wikipedia says: In the United States the term can mean a person of (usually) mixed race with a Spanish surname. The term Hispanic was first adopted by the United States government in the early 1970 s, during the administration of Richard Nixon. Scholars would argue: Brazilian people are not Hispanic because they don’t speak Spanish. I was told this by a Stanford professor of Spanish Literature who’s husband’s parents are from Brazil. Also interesting, she said that on the 2010 census, neither her or her husband checked Hispanic."
},
{
"docid": "D633790#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_race_theory\nCritical race theory",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Critical race theory ( CRT) [1] is a theoretical framework in the social sciences that uses critical theory to examine society and culture as they relate to categorizations of race, law, and power. [ 2] [3] It began as a theoretical movement within American law schools in the mid- to late 1980s as a reworking of critical legal studies on race issues [4] [5] and is loosely unified by two common themes: First, CRT proposes that white supremacy and racial power are maintained over time, and in particular, that the law may play a role in this process. Second, CRT work has investigated the possibility of transforming the relationship between law and racial power, and more broadly, pursues a project of achieving racial emancipation and anti-subordination. [ 6] Scholars important to the theory include Derrick Bell, Patricia Williams, Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw, and Mari Matsuda. By 2002, over 20 American law schools and at least three law schools in other countries offered critical race theory courses or classes which covered the issue centrally. [ 7] Critical race theory is taught and innovated in the fields of education, political science, women's studies, ethnic studies, and American studies. [ 8]Critics of CRT, including Richard Posner and Alex Kozinski, generally take issue with its foundations in Postmodernism and reliance on moral relativism, social constructionism, and other tenets contrary to classical liberalism. [ citation needed]Contents [ hide ]1 Definition2 Origins3 Key elements4 Latino critical race theory5 Applications6 Critique7 Offshoot fields8 Controversies and impact9 Notes10 Bibliography11 Further reading Definition [ edit]According to the UCLA School of Public Affairs: CRT recognizes that racism is engrained in the fabric and system of the American society. The individual racist need not exist to note that institutional racism is pervasive in the dominant culture. This is the analytical lens that CRT uses in examining existing power structures."
},
{
"docid": "D2086012#0",
"title": "https://www.kcet.org/history-society/the-hills-are-alive-in-city-terrace\nThe Hills Are Alive in City Terrace",
"text": "\"Boyle Heights and East Los Angeles are both known the world over for their important place in Chicano history. A lesser known but equally important area of East Los Angeles is City Terrace. Similar to Boyle Heights, City Terrace has a fascinating history and is also a mecca for murals. This week, L. A. Letters examines City Terrace with a special focus on its geography, cultural history, activist legacy and the many murals throughout the area. City Terrace is the area directly north of Boyle Heights, south of Cal State Los Angeles and just west of Alhambra and Monterey Park. The neighborhood's defining geographic features are its many hills and the hundreds of homes that cascade the topography. A transitional area exists between Boyle Heights and City Terrace along Wabash Street where a former Jewish Community Center is now the Salesian Boys and Girls Club. Wabash turns into City Terrace Drive adjacent to this site. Arts activist and writer Tomas Benitez explains further, \"\"Wabash connected Boyle Heights with City Terrace but it was over the hill. They were two different areas, City Terrace being the 'nicer' part."
},
{
"docid": "D1305640#0",
"title": "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/21/chicano_n_1990226.html\nChicano: What Does The Word Mean And Where Does It Come From?",
"text": "Lots of people use the word “Chicano,” but what exactly does it mean? Scholars can’t pinpoint the word’s origins, but there are at least two theories, according to Tejano historian Arnoldo de León. Some think the word may trace its roots all the way back to the Nahuatl term “Meshico,” the indigenous word better known for evolving into the modern-day word “Mexico.” Others think “Chicano” is just a variation of the Spanish “mexicano. ”Whatever its origins, Mexican Americans have used the word “Chicano” to describe people of Mexican origin living in the United States since the early twentieth century, de León writes. Originally wealthier Mexican-Americans used the term as a pejorative, a way to describe Mexican-Americans of lower social standing (likely with some racial overtones). But it wasn’t until the outbreak of the civil rights movement in the 1960s that the term “Chicano” became popular. Students walked out in protest at public schools from Crystal City, Texas, to East Los Angeles. The United Farm Workers under the leadership of Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta held marches and led the Delano grape strike. When university students joined those and other political movements of the era, they adopted the term “Chicano” as a point of pride, upending its historically derogatory meaning."
},
{
"docid": "D2363209#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poor_People%27s_Campaign\nPoor People's Campaign",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Poor People's Campaign Part of the Civil Rights Movement Demonstrators in the Poor People's March at Lafayette Park and Connecticut Avenue in Washington, D. C. in June 1968Date May 12 – June 24, 1968Location Began in Marks, Mississippi Washington, D. C. Parties to the civil conflict Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)The Committee of 100Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)Lead figures SCLC members Martin Luther King, Jr. Ralph Abernathy [ show]v t e Civil Rights Movement in Washington D. C. The Poor People's Campaign, or Poor People's March on Washington, was a 1968 effort to gain economic justice for poor people in the United States. It was organized by Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), and carried out under the leadership of Ralph Abernathy in the wake of King's assassination. The campaign demanded economic and human rights for poor Americans of diverse backgrounds. After presenting an organized set of demands to Congress and executive agencies, participants set up a 3,000-person protest camp on the Washington Mall, where they stayed for six weeks in the spring of 1968. The Poor People’s Campaign was motivated by a desire for economic justice: the idea that all people should have what they need to live. King and the SCLC shifted their focus to these issues after observing that gains in civil rights had not improved the material conditions of life for many African Americans. The Poor People’s Campaign was a multiracial effort—including African-Americans, Asian-Americans, Mexican-Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Native Americans—aimed at alleviating poverty regardless of race. [ 1] [2]According to political historians such as Barbara Cruikshank, \"\"the poor\"\" did not particularly conceive of themselves as a unified group until President Lyndon Johnson 's War on Poverty (declared in 1964) identified them as such. [ 3] Figures from the 1960 census, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S. Commerce Department, and the Federal Reserve estimated anywhere from 40 to 60 million Americans—or 22 to 33 percent—lived below the poverty line. At the same time, the nature of poverty itself was changing as America's population increasingly lived in cities, not farms (and could not grow its own food). ["
},
{
"docid": "D1575570#0",
"title": "https://www.nps.gov/latino/latinothemestudy/education.htm\nAmerican Latino Theme Study",
"text": "\"Education This essay explores the struggles for equal educational opportunities for American Latino children in the 19th and 20th centuries. Topics include desegregation, struggles in higher education, and parents' advocacy for educational equality. \"\" Demanding their Rights: The Latino Struggle for Educational Access and Equity Victoria-María Mac Donald The historical and contemporary purposes of public education in the United States are trifold: to create an educated citizenry for the democratic process, assimilate immigrants to American culture and language, and prepare a stable workforce for a productive economy. As a nation of immigrants, many newcomers, particularly northern Europeans, have been successfully integrated with full citizenship into the U. S. polity. Spanish-descent peoples in the U. S., by contrast, have often had to exercise their First Amendment rights to free speech, peaceful assembly, and to petition for relief from the government to secure equity in schooling. Through consistently and continuously insisting upon treatment as full citizens, Latinos have reminded the nation that \"\"equal treatment under the law\"\" is a democratic concept that is not contingent upon land, territory, country of origin, language, or skin color. Schools have often been sites of political, racial, and linguistic conflict between the majority population and Latino groups. [ 1] Latinos today are underrepresented in key indicators of school achievement such as high school and college graduation rates, standardized tests, and college entrance examinations. Most experts agree that these indicators are not a reflection of ability; rather, as explored in this essay, Latinos have faced social, economic, and political barriers embedded in their historic presence in the U. S. Despite these obstacles, Latino communities have always demonstrated the capacity to act independently and to make their own choices in the struggle to gain access to quality schooling. Latino parents, students, and communities have fought for education rights and schooling opportunities through the creation of advocacy organizations, the establishment of independent private schools, by enrolling their children in Catholic schools and colleges, through litigation, walkouts, and by leveraging political and economic power for equitable or appropriate legislation."
},
{
"docid": "D3148476#0",
"title": "http://www.stanforddaily.com/2012/05/02/murals-mirror-movements/\nMurals mirror movements",
"text": "\"Murals mirror movements May 2, 2012 0 Commentstweet Erika Alvero Koski Winding up the stairwells, plastering the textured walls outside the dorm and surrounding the diners who choose to sit on the Casa Zapata side of Stern dining hall are a myriad of colorful murals that portray various political movements and issues pertaining to Chicano or Latino identity. From a reinterpretation of Leonardo da Vinci’s “The Last Supper,” in which the title characters are all famous Chicano heroes or social activists, to an image of the immigrant’s journey across the sea and then to a new life, each mural holds a political or social message. “It’s a generational story,” said Casa Zapata ethnic theme associate Gustavo Gonzalez ’13, of the latter mural. “ The grandparents cross the water with their young daughter; they’re looking for a better life. It weaves across generations, and eventually they come to Stanford…It’s the American dream. I think a lot of Latinos can relate to that mural. ”José Antonio Burciaga, an artist who was the Casa Zapata resident fellow (RF) from 1985 to 1994, first conceived of the murals. Those in Stern are only a few of many that sprung up in the 1960s in various regions of California. ( NICK SALAZAR/The Stanford Daily)“As part of the movement that came out of the civil rights movement, there was this whole artistic component that was all about forging a Mexican-American identity,” said Chris Clarke ’85, current Casa Zapata RF. Casa Zapata was founded in 1972, during a time when the number of Latino students on campus was growing due to affirmative action."
},
{
"docid": "D1766601#0",
"title": "https://www.laprogressive.com/east-la-chicano-movement/\nPrison House of Textbook History: Remembering the Chicano Blowouts",
"text": "Prison House of Textbook History: Remembering the Chicano Blowouts By Sikivu Hutchinson Facebook Twitter Google+ Pinterest Reddit Share I n all my years of “post-Jim Crow” public education no one ever handed me a book written by a black woman and said that what she wrote is universal truth. I was never told that so-called civilizations rose and fell on the power of her words, or that entire belief systems sprung from her ideas. I was never taught that the world’s greatest intellectuals worked plantations, were herded onto reservations, or traveled everyday from barrios and “ghettoes” to keep white people’s children. Intellectuals and philosophers—serious thinkers—were white men, with no need for a living wage job. They did not ride public buses or clean houses or go to schools where stop-and-frisk was a routine practice. They did not have to worry, like my students do, about being assigned to special education classes because they were chronic discipline “problems” or didn’t speak “proper” English. They were never told that they would be more likely to drop out and get pregnant than go on to a four-year college. These vaunted intellectuals and philosophers were certainly not 17-year-old East L. A. girls like Paula Crisostomo, a Mexican-American Filipina activist who helped spearhead the Chicano student walkouts or “Blowouts” of 1968. As a student at Lincoln High School in East L. A. Crisostomo was influenced by social studies teacher Sal Castro, who recently passed away at the age of 79. Castro’s fierce commitment to culturally relevant education inspired generations of social justice youth activism in the LAUSD."
},
{
"docid": "D49099#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movements_for_civil_rights\nCivil rights movements",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Movements for civil rights)navigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( June 2010) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Martin Luther King and other Civil Rights Movement leaders in front of the statue of Abraham Lincoln during the March on Washington, August 28, 1963Civil rights movements are a worldwide series of political movements for equality before the law, that peaked in the 1960s. [ citation needed] In many situations they have been characterized by nonviolent protests, or have taken the form of campaigns of civil resistance aimed at achieving change through nonviolent forms of resistance. In some situations, they have been accompanied, or followed, by civil unrest and armed rebellion. The process has been long and tenuous in many countries, and many of these movements did not, or have yet to, fully achieve their goals, although the efforts of these movements have led to improvements in the legal rights of some previously oppressed groups of people, in some places. The main aim of the successful civil rights movement and other social movements for civil rights included ensuring that the rights of all people were and are equally protected by the law. These include but are not limited to the rights of minorities, women's rights, and LGBT rights. Contents [ hide ]1 Movement for civil rights in Northern Ireland2 Canada's Quiet Revolution3 Movements for civil rights in the United States3.1 Ethnicity equity issues3.1.1 Integrationism3.1.2 Black Power movement3.1.3 Chicano Movement3.1.4 American Indian Movement3.2 Gender equity issues4 LGBT rights and gay liberation5 Soviet Union6 Prague Spring7 1967 Australian referendum8 See also9 Notes10 Further reading11 External links Movement for civil rights in Northern Ireland See also: Northern Ireland civil rights movement Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom which has witnessed violence over many decades, known as the Troubles, arising from tensions between the British ( Unionist, Protestant) majority and the Irish ( Nationalist, Catholic) minority following the Partition of Ireland in 1920."
},
{
"docid": "D2987502#0",
"title": "http://www.definitions.net/definition/Chicano\nDefinitions &Translations",
"text": "\"Wiktionary (0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Chicano (Noun)A Chicano person. Chicano (Adjective)American but of Mexican descent, especially if conscious of one's political identity in the U. S. body politic. Chicano (Adjective)Identifying with the mixed-raced heritage of Old World and New World. Chicano (Adjective)Of or pertaining to Chicano people. Origin: From chicano. Freebase (5.00 / 1 vote)Rate this definition: Chicano The terms Chicano/Chicana are used when referencing Mexicans who grew up in the U. S. However, these terms have a wide range of meanings in various parts of the world. The term became widely used during the Chicano Movement, mainly among Mexican Americans, especially during the movement's peak in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Though Chicano was often used to refer to anyone with a Mexican American background, the users at the time understood it to be mainly applicable to the Tejano community. Other terms that are used interchangeably with Chicano are Mexican Americans, Hispanics, and Latinos. Despite its wide spread use, there is a negative attitude often associated with the usage of Chicano and these alternatives serve to avoid those feelings when used in both formal and informal conversation."
},
{
"docid": "D1605033#0",
"title": "https://lamujerbonitaquelegustaleer.wordpress.com/2007/03/06/are-you-tejano-texian-or-texan-or-chicano/\nAre you Tejano, Texian, or Texan or â¦Chicano?",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia: (I just found this portion of the class discussion interesting, but we didn’t get to really get into an in-depth conversation about it)A Tejano ( Spanish for “Texan”; archaic spelling texano) is a person of Hispanic descent born and living in the U. S. state of Texas. In 1821, at the end of the Mexican War of Independence, there were about 4,000 Tejanos living in Texas. In the 1820s, many Anglo settlers moved to Texas from the United States. By 1830, the 30,000 settlers in Texas outnumbered the Tejanos two to one. The Anglos and Tejanos alike rebelled against the centralized authority of Mexico City and the draconian measures implemented by the Santa Anna regime. Tensions between the central Mexican government and the settlers eventually led to the Texas Revolution. Tejanos may variously consider themselves to be Hispanic, Chicano, Mexican American, Spanish, or Latino in ethnicity. In urban areas as well as some rural communities, Tejanos tend to be well integrated into both Hispanic and Anglo-American cultures. It is necessary to draw this distinction because the people who came from Mexico starting just before, during, and after the Mexican Revolution through today are and were of a different ethnic heritage than the ones who colonized Texas during the Spanish Colonial Period, of a different history. While the majority, not all, of the people who have come from Mexico since the Mexican Revolution are and drew their identity from the mestizos (people of mixed Indian and Spaniard blood) or genizaros (Indians who lost their tribal identity and adopted Spanish names and the Spanish language, of which much of the modern day Mexican immigrant population in the U. S. consists) and had their history and identity in the history of Mexico, the majority, not all, of the people who colonized Texas in the Spanish Colonial Period were and drew their identity from the Spaniards and the criollos (full blooded Spaniards born in the New World), and had their history and identity in the history of Spain and of the United States as a consequence of the participation of Spain and its colonial provinces of Texas and Louisiana in the American Revolution."
},
{
"docid": "D2116428#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/76856051/apush-ch-27-flash-cards/\nAPUSH Ch. 27",
"text": "\"80 terms aimeetotheinfinity APUSH Ch. 27Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Segregation was commonly known as _________ in the South. Jim Crow Rural African Americans labored in a (n) __________ system that trapped them in poverty. sharecropping The NAACP was founded in the year 1909. A. Phillip __________ threatened FDR with a march on Washington to stop racial discrimination in wartime industry. Randolph In 1943, a race riot broke out in the city of Detroit. The __________ outlawed racial discrimination in employment. Civil Rights Act of 1964In 1964, black organizations and churches mounted a major civil rights campaign in Mississippi known as Freedom Summer. The ______________ Freedom Democratic Party attended the 1964 Democrat National Convention. Mississippi Martin Luther King, Jr., issued the \"\"I Have a __________\"\" speech at the March on Washington in 1963."
}
] |
619930
|
what did the civilian conservation corps primarily work on
|
[
{
"docid": "D90259#0",
"title": "http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/civilian-conservation-corps-created\nCivilian Conservation Corps created",
"text": "Old West1933Civilian Conservation Corps created Share this:facebook twitter google+Print Cite The Civilian Conservation Corps, a tool for employing young men and improving the government’s vast holdings of western land, is created in Washington, D. C. One of the dozens of New Deal programs created by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to fight the Great Depression, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was primarily designed to put thousands of unemployed young men to work on useful public projects. Roosevelt put the program under the direction of his Secretary of Interior, Harold Ickes, who became an enthusiastic supporter. Since the vast majority of federal public land was in the West, Ickes created most of his CCC projects in that region. The young men who joined, however, came from all over the nation. It was the first time many had left their homes in the densely populated eastern states. Many of them later remembered their time spent in the wide-open spaces of the West with affection, and many later returned to tour the region or become residents. Participation in the CCC was voluntary, although the various camps often adopted military-like rules of discipline and protocol. Ickes put his CCC “armies” to work on a wide array of conservation projects. Some young men spent their days planting trees in national forests, while others built roads and dams, fought forest fires, or made improvements in national parks like Glacier and Yellowstone. In exchange for their labor, the CCC men received a minimal wage, part of which was automatically sent to their families back home."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D445337#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/35598881/online-us-history-modual-15-flash-cards/\nonline us history modual 15",
"text": "\"116 terms lindamarieryleeonline us history modual 15Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sortwhat were the makeshift shantytowns on public land called Hoovervilleshow did the unemployment rate change between 1929 and 1933 it grew by more than 20 percenthow was the appearance of bread lines related to rising unemployment bread lines offered free food to struggling familieshow did jobless workers use their skills in Hoovervilles they built makeshift dwellings from scrap materialswhat impact did the falling prices of commodities have on farmers they could not pay their debtswhich group of farmers remained on their land but worked for bigger landowners tenant farmerswhat group faced competition from whites moving to western states such as California Mexican Americanswhy did farmers dump 1000 gallons of milk new Sioux City, Iowa to protest low prices for milkhow did tenant farmers cope with falling prices for farm products they went to work for larger landownerswhy did some Americans in the Southwest call for the repatriation of Mexican immigrants White Americans wanted access to jobs that immigrants heldhow did the depression affect farm life crop prices fell, and teh debts of farmers increasedwho were tenant farmers farmers who lost their farms, but remained on the land working for bigger landownerswhat effect did the Great Depression have on minority groups such as Mexican and African Americans discriminatory practices worsened during the Great Depressionwhat did most people do who lived in the Dust Bowl they migrated outwhat ecological factor made agriculture difficult on the Great Plains in the 1930s insufficient rainfallhow did the cultivation of winter wheat help create the Dust Bowl in the Great Plains replacing natural grasses to plant winter wheat led to topsoil erosionwhere did most families who had to abandon their farms migrate in order to rebuild their lives to citieshow did farmers contribute to the problems that led to the Dust Bowl by using intensive farming practices that removed protective grasseswhich factors contributed to the Dust Bowl drought, dust storms, and intensive farminghow did the Dust Bowl motivate the government to help Great Plains farmers the government dammed western riverswhat is the best description of a Hooverville a camp for homeless peoplewhat state drew many migrant families, or Okies, seeking work Californiahow did tenant farmers stay on the land after losing their farms by renting land to farm from larger landownershow did the depression affect workers who kept their jobs there were cutbacks in wages and hourswhat was the unemployment rate in 1933 about 25 percentwhat was Hoovers initial policy for dealing with the depression at first he felt that government should not get involved, so he did nothingwhat happened to Hoovers ideas that volunteerism and localism would fix the financial crisis there were ineffectivewhy did Herbert Hoover initially do little to respond to the nations economic crisis he believed that government should not interfere in buisiness cycleshow did Herbert Hoover think volunteerism would help turn the economy around businesses and individuals would work together to end the crisiswhy did the policy of localism fail to provide sufficient economic relief city and state governments had few resouces to relieve the crisiswhat theory prompted Hoovers plan to loan money to banks and other large businesses trickle-down economicshow was the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) supposed to battle the depression by giving government loans to businesses and bankswhy did Herbert Hoovers theory of trickle-down economics fail to work as he had hoped banks often refused to lend government money to businesseswhat positive effect did the construction of the Hoover Dam have on the economy of the Southwest in the 1930s it increased employmentwhat did the Bonus Army want moneywhat aspect of socialism did some Americans believe offered a way out of the depression a state-run economywhat did the Bonus Army demand from President Herbert Hoover early delievery of promised payments for military servicehow did General Douglas Mac Arthur respond to Herbert Hoovers order to clear Bonus Army veterans from their makeshift camps he used force to remove the protestersduring the Great Depression, which economic system did many Americans think was part of the problem capitalismwhat group of people marched on Washington, D. C., after World War 1 World War 1 veteranswhat was the result of Hoovers order to remove the Bonus Army out of Washington, D. C. the order ended any chance he had to be reelectedwhy did Herbert Hoovers theory of trickle-down economics fail to end the depression banks refused to lend to businessesthe construction of Hoover Dam was the result of what kind of government intervention in the economy a public works programaccording to the theory of localism, which groups should have been best able to deal with the economic crisis state and local governmentswhat group thought a stat-run economy would help end the depression socialiststhe bonus army was made up of people from what group World War 1 veteranswhat solution did fascists promote to end the depression strong central leadershipwhat group throught a state-run economy would help end the depression socialistswhat method did Douglas Mac Arthur use to clear the Bonus Army from Washington, D. C. tear gas and bayonetswhat caused Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) to run for President during the Great Depression a dedication to public servicewhat idea was teh centerpiece of FDRs New Deal with which he hoped to reverse the depression experimentation with federal programswhy did Franklin D. Roosevelt seem a strange choice for President during the Depression he had never known economic hardshipwhat were the goals of the New Deal to provide relief, achieve recovery, and institute reformwho did FDR depend on heavily to serve as his \"\"eyes and ears\"\" Eleanor Rooseveltwhich of Roosevelts programs tried to counter the depressions devastating impact on young men the Civilian Conservation Corps, or CCCwhat crises did Franklin D. Roosevelt help clam with the creation of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), explained in the first of his firside chats a banking panicwhy did the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) attract so much criticism it was a power company run by the federal governmentwhat opportunitites did the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) offer young men affected by the depression outdoor labor employmentwhat wsa the main purpose of the National Recovery Administration (NRA) to set minimum wages and pricesthe Public Works Administration (PWA) helped make improvements to what part of the nations economy infrastructure and jobsin general, how did the Right view the New Deal many on the Right felt it was \"\"too much\"\"what was Senator Huey Longs solution to the depression the \"\"Share Out Welath\"\" programwhy did the members of the American Loberty League oppose the New Deal they believed it made government too powrefulwhat challenge did Father Charles Coughlin and Senator Huey Long pose to Franklin D. Roosevelts recovery programs they attracted large audiences by claming the New Deal failed the poorwhat step did the National Recovery Administration (NRA) take to restore the nations economy it establised a minimum wagehow did Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal break with Herbert Hoovers policies toward the depression the government would take a stronger, more active role in teh crisishow did the creation of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) help end the banking crisis by insuring bank deposits up to $5000what difficulty did Franklin D. Roosevelt overcome in his rise to the presidency a physical disabilitywhat outcome did the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) share creating jobswhat is the best description of FDR's fireside chats FDR's informal radio speeches to the peoplehow did Father Charles Coughlin gather for his criticisms of the New Deal through a weekly radio showwhat did the Words Progress Administration (WPA) do it created jobshow did the New Deal help farmers it provided them with electric power and increased their income by subsidizing priceswhat is one way the Works Progress Administration (WPA) delivered on the promises of the Second New Deal WPA workers constructed over 650,000 miles of highwayswhy did John Maynard Keynes support the idea of pump priming, despite increased federal budget deficits he believed deficit spending would stimulate the economy and creat jobswhat benefits did the Social Security Act provide to ensure peoples economic well-being it provided pensions for the elderly and aid for poor motherswhy did Franklin D. Roosevelt think the Wagner Act and giving unions the right to collective bargaining would help the economy he believed unions would raise living standards for industrial workerswhat controversial work rule was established by the Fair Labor Standards Act Employers must give workers a minimum wagein contrast to workers in the American Federation of Labor (AFL), which workers did the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) help organize lower paid, ethnically diverse workershow did the sit-down by the United Automobile Workers Union (UAW) produce change at General Motors (GM) UAW members refused to leave a G< plant until the company agreed to recognize the unionwhat did critics call Roosevelts plan to increase the number of Supreme Court justices court packinghow did Franklin D. Roosevelts court-packing plan seek to change the makeup of the Supreme Court by expanding the nine-member Court with up to six more Justiceshow did the court-packing plan affect Franklin D. Roosevelts plans for the New Deal it weakened public support for new legislation Franklin D. Roosevelts court-packing plan was desig"
},
{
"docid": "D1316910#0",
"title": "http://www.history.com/topics/civilian-conservation-corps\nCivilian Conservation Corps",
"text": "Contents Print Cite The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a work relief program that gave millions of young men employment on environmental projects during the Great Depression. Considered by many to be one of the most successful of Roosevelt’s New Deal programs, the CCC planted more than three billion trees and constructed trails and shelters in more than 800 parks nationwide during its nine years of existence. The CCC helped to shape the modern national and state park systems we enjoy today. Play video The Fireside Chats5min Play video Franklin D. Roosevelt5min Play video Franklin D. Roosevelt Creates Social Security2min CCC and the New Deal President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the CCC with an executive order on April 5, 1933. The CCC was part of his New Deal legislation, combating high unemployment during the Great Depression by putting hundreds of thousands of young men to work on environmental conservation projects. The CCC combined FDR’s interests in conservation and universal service for youth. As governor of New York, he had run a similar program on a smaller scale. The United States Army helped to solve an early logistical problem—transportation. Most of the unemployed men were in Eastern cities while much of the conservation work was in the West. The Army organized the transportation of thousands of enrollees to work camps around the country."
},
{
"docid": "D187286#0",
"title": "http://www.conservapedia.com/New_Deal\nNew Deal",
"text": "\"navigation search The New Deal was a group of otherwise disjointed programs conducted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, a Democrat, throughout the Great Depression, especially from 1933–36. His program had three aspects: Relief, Recovery and Reform. It sought to provide immediate Relief for the millions of unemployed in the Great Depression. It was intended to promote Recovery of the economy to normal standards—a goal he did not fully achieve. It involved a series of Reforms, especially in the financial system and labor relations. The basic issue was how to deal with the severely damaged economy—and great social misery—caused by three years of the Great Depression. Conservatives endorsed parts of the First New Deal (the 1933 programs) and rejected the more radical Second New Deal (the 1934–35 programs). The New Deal was popular among voters leading to the formation of the New Deal Coalition, which made the Democrats the majority party during the Fifth Party System into the 1960s. However, a Conservative Coalition took control of Congress in 1937 and blocked nearly all additional programs; during the war years (1941–45) the conservatives successfully rolled back many of the relief efforts on the grounds they were no longer needed since full employment was achieved. The \"\"reforms\"\" that regulated the economy were mostly dropped in the deregulation era (1974–87), except for oversight of Wall Street by the SEC, which conservatives approved because it increased investor confidence."
},
{
"docid": "D1489297#0",
"title": "http://spartacus-educational.com/USARccc.htm\nCivilian Conservation Corps",
"text": "\"Civilian Conservation Corps Sections Primary Sources Student Activities References After he was elected President Franklin D. Roosevelt initially opposed massive public works spending. However, by the spring of 1933, the needs of more than fifteen million unemployed had overwhelmed the resources of local governments. In some areas, as many as 90 per cent of the people were on relief and it was clear something needed to be done. His close advisors and colleagues, Harry Hopkins, Rexford Tugwell, Robert La Follette Jr. Robert Wagner, Fiorello La Guardia, George Norris and Edward Costigan eventually won him over. ( 1)Frances Perkins explained in her book, The Roosevelt I Knew (1946): In one of my conversations with the President in March 1933, he brought up the idea that became the Civilian Conservation Corps. Roosevelt loved trees and hated to see them cut and not replaced. It was natural for him to wish to put large numbers of the unemployed to repairing such devastation. His enthusiasm for this project, which was really all his own, led him to some exaggeration of what could be accomplished. He saw it big. He thought any man or boy would rejoice to leave the city and work in the woods."
},
{
"docid": "D1466829#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/21270222/chapter-31-flash-cards/\nChapter 31",
"text": "\"65 terms Carly G123Chapter 31Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort All of the following statements are true about Herbert Hoover's responses to the Great Depressiong EXCEPT He saw the depression as akin to an act of nature, about which nothing could be done except to ride it out. Franklin D Roosevelt's New Deal program attempted or achieved all of the following EXCEPT Supported the creation of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. The \"\"New Immigration\"\" was made up primarily of Persons from Southern and Eastern Europe. The \"\"normalcy\"\" President Warren G Harding meant not only peace after the recent was but also An end to idealistic crusades and efforts to large-scale reform. Which of the following words best describes the spirit of American intellectuals in the 1920s Alienation Warren G. Harding may best be characterized as Having made a number of misjudgments in the men he appointed and with whom he associated. In his inaugural address, Frankling D. Roosevelt said that if Congress did not pass the laws he believed it should, he would Seek wartime emergency powers to carry out the measures himself. In order to deal with the crisis in banking at the time of his inauguration, Frankling Roosevelt Declared a four-day \"\"banking holiday\"\" and prohibited the export of money. President Franklin Roosevelt's \"\"court-packing plan\"\" called for the addition of up to six new justices if present justices over the age of 70 did no retire. The 1932 demonstration kown as the \"\"Bonus March\"\" involved World War I veterans demanding financial aid from the federal government. Sinclar Lewis generally depicted small-town America as Dreary, prejudices, and vulgar."
},
{
"docid": "D2445483#0",
"title": "https://www.archives.gov/seattle/exhibit/picturing-the-century/great-depression.html\nThe Great Depression and the New Deal",
"text": "\"The Great Depression and the New Deal Picturing the Century Introduction A New Century The Great War and the New Era The Great Depression and the New Deal A World in Flames Post-War America Century's End As the Great Depression ended the prosperity of the 1920s, the Pacific Northwest suffered economic catastrophe like the rest of the country. Businesses and banks failed and by 1933 only about half as many people were working as had been in 1926. The population in the Pacific Northwest continued to grow but more slowly, as many left the Dust Bowl states of the Midwest and Plains. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's \"\"New Deal\"\" aimed at promoting economic recovery and putting Americans back to work through Federal activism. New Federal agencies attempted to control agricultural production, stabilize wages and prices, and create a vast public works program for the unemployed. The West saw the heavy use of Works Progress Administration and Civilian Conservation Corps workers in National Forests and National Parks, and on Indian reservations for work on natural resource related projects and a legacy of buildings, roads, bridges, and trails remains in the Pacific Northwest as a result of these many projects. Built in the 1930s and 1940s, Bonneville and Grand Coulee Dams brought electricity to rural areas that were not served by existing utilities. The economy of the Pacific Northwest was strengthened as manufacturing opportunities grew. Many New Deal-era government agencies sponsored photography projects. Additionally, many agencies were tasked with verbally and photographically documenting projects they undertook."
},
{
"docid": "D2354460#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fighting_knife\nFighting knife",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search An assortment of fighting knives A fighting knife is a knife with a blade designed to inflict a lethal injury in a physical confrontation between two or more individuals at very short range (grappling distance). [ 1] [2] [3] [4] The combat knife and the trench knife are examples of military fighting knives. [ 1] [5]Fighting knives were traditionally designed as special-purpose weapons, intended primarily if not solely for use in personal or hand-to-hand combat. This singularity of purpose originally distinguished the fighting knife from the field knife, fighting utility knife, or in modern usage, the tactical knife. The tactical knife is a knife with one or more military features designed for use in extreme situations, which may or may not include a design capability as a fighting or combat weapon. [ 6] Since World War I, the fighting knife in military service has gradually evolved into a dual-purpose or \"\"fighting-utility\"\" knife, suited for both knife fighting and utility roles. As a consequence, the terms \"\"fighting knife\"\" and \"\"tactical knife\"\" are frequently employed interchangeably. Contents [ hide ]1 History1.1 Ancient history1.2 Post-classical history1.3 Modern history2 Tactical knife3 See also4 References History [ edit]Further information: Dagger Ancient history [ edit]Further information: Sica, Falx, and Pugio Utility knives with stone or flint blades were undoubtedly used in personal combat since Paleolithic times. One of the earliest metal-blade fighting knives was the dagger. The first early Bronze Age daggers featured Beaker copper blades, probably done with stone tools."
},
{
"docid": "D3018652#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_did_the_civilian_conservation_corps_help\nWho did the civilian conservation corps help?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Who did the civilian conservation corps help? Flag Who did the civilian conservation corps help? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. The money that the men earned was sent to their families to be used in any way. This helped the families back home and other people. Also when they were working they constructed lasting work that is still around for us now.7 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Cryptogal 6,650 Contributions What was the Civilian conservation corps? The Civilian Conservation Corps was a relief program put into place during the Great Depression under Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The program provided unskilled, manual labor j …Purpose of Civilian Conservation Corps? The Civilian Conservation Corps was established to provide jobsduring the Great Depression."
},
{
"docid": "D90260#0",
"title": "http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2006/fall/ccc.html\nInto the Woods: The First Year of the Civilian Conservation Corps",
"text": "\"Into the Woods: The First Year of the Civilian Conservation Corps Fall 2006, Vol. 38, No. 3By Joseph M. Speakman Enlarge Enrollees gather in Breen Burney Camp in Lassen National Forest, California. ( 35-GE-1E-2)They came from all over America—from the big cities, from the small towns, from the farms—tens of thousands of young men, to serve in the vanguard of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal in the spring of 1933. They were the young men of the Civilian Conservation Corps. They opted for long days and hard, dirty work, living in quasi-military camps often far from home in the nation's publicly owned forests and parks. But they earned money to send back to their needy families, received three square meals a day, and escaped from idle purposelessness by contributing to the renewal and beautification of the country. By the time the CCC program ended as the nation was entering World War II, more than 2.5 million men had served in more than 4,500 camps across the country. The men had planted over 3 billion trees, combated soil erosion and forest fires, and occasionally dealt with natural disasters such as hurricanes, floods, and droughts. In office only a few days in early March 1933, Roosevelt began to tackle the crisis threatening the nation with this unprecedented experiment in federal work relief."
},
{
"docid": "D1805581#0",
"title": "https://www.scribd.com/doc/15953941/Hoover-vs-FDR-Reactions-to-the-Great-Depression\nHoover Philosophy -blamed the severity of the depression on the international economic situation.",
"text": "Hoover Philosophy -blamed the severity of the depression on the international economic situation.-promised to eradicate poverty while running for election -turned to the business community for leadership. He asked businesses to maintain wages voluntarily, keep up production, and work with the government to build confidence in the system. Voluntarism. -cut federal taxes and called on state and municipal governments to increase capital spending. He later asked congress for a tax increase to balance the budget -raised the federal public works budget -believed that money lent at the top of the economic structure would stimulate production, which would create new jobs. Trickle down. -eventually turned to federal action to stimulate the economy when voluntary action failed. -refused to consider any plan for direct federal relief for unemployed Americans. He believed that private organized charities were sufficient to meet social and welfare needs. Acts/Programs -1929 Agricultural Marketing Act gave the federal government its largest role to date in a program of agricultural stabilization and farm relief -Revenue Act of 1932 was largest peacetime tax increase in nation’s history."
},
{
"docid": "D385621#0",
"title": "http://frederick.com/Camp_David_Presidential_Retreat-a-361.html\n.",
"text": "\"Location: Thurmont, Maryland, Fredrick County, USA A presidential retreat in the Catoctin Mountains of northern Maryland north-northwest of Washington, D. C. It was established by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1942 as Shangri-La. Dwight D. Eisenhower renamed it Camp David in honor of his grandson. Camp David is a Presidential weekend retreat in Maryland 's Catoctin Mountains. Originally a military base, it was turned over to the White House during the Great Depression and was named Shangri-La by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. President Dwight Eisenhower renamed it Camp David for his grandson David. It consists of 180 forested acres, protected by a ring of three fences and marine guard patrols. It is maintained by 150 naval personnel and, when the President is in residence, by 250 other support staff. It contains a number of residence cabins for the President and his guests, who often include foreign heads of state. Camp David also has a heated pool, skeet range, tennis courts, and horseshoe pit. It has a conference center where administration officials can meet with the President when he is on a “working vacation.”"
},
{
"docid": "D2975444#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_J._McNair\nLesley J. McNair",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Leslie J. Mc Nair)navigation search Lesley J. Mc Nair Mc Nair as Army Ground Forces commander, circa 1942Nickname (s) Whitey Born May 25, 1883 Verndale, Minnesota, United States Died July 25, 1944 (aged 61) Saint-Lô, France Buried Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial, France Allegiance United States of America Service/ branch United States Army Years of service 1904–1944Rank Lieutenant General General (posthumous)Service number 0-1891Unit Field Artillery Branch Commands held Battery C, 4th Field Artillery Regiment Battery D, 4th Field Artillery Regiment 2nd Battalion, 16th Field Artillery Regiment 2nd Battalion, 83rd Field Artillery Regiment Civilian Conservation Corps District E, VII Corps Area 2nd Field Artillery Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division United States Army Command and General Staff School Army Ground Forces First United States Army Group (fictional)Battles/wars Vera Cruz Expedition Pancho Villa Expedition World War IWorld War IIAwards Distinguished Service Medal (3) Purple Heart (2) Legion of Honor Spouse (s) Clare Huster (m. 1905)Relations 1 son Lesley James Mc Nair (May 25, 1883 – July 25, 1944) was a senior United States Army officer who served during World War I and World War II. He attained the rank of lieutenant general during his life; he was killed in action during World War II, and received a posthumous promotion to general. A Minnesota native and 1904 graduate of the United States Military Academy, Mc Nair was a Field Artillery officer with a background in the Ordnance Department. A veteran of the Veracruz occupation and Pancho Villa Expedition, during World War I he served as assistant chief of staff for training with the 1st Division, and then chief of artillery training on the staff at the American Expeditionary Forces headquarters. His outstanding performance resulted in his promotion to temporary brigadier general; at age 35, he was the Army's youngest general officer. Mc Nair's experience of more than 30 years with equipment and weapons design and testing, his administrative skills, and his success in the areas of military education and training led to his World War II assignment as commander of Army Ground Forces. In this position, Mc Nair became the \"\"unsung architect of the U. S. Army\"\", [1] and played a leading role in the organizational design, equipping, and training of Army units in the United States before they departed for overseas combat. While historians continue to debate some of Mc Nair's decisions and actions, including the individual replacement system for killed and wounded soldiers, and a controversy over the use of tanks or tank destroyers for anti-armor combat, his concentration on advanced officer education, innovative weapons systems, improved doctrine, realistic combat training, and development of combined arms tactics enabled the Army to modernize and perform successfully on the World War II battlefield, where the mobility of mechanized forces replaced the static defenses of World War I as the primary tactical consideration. He was killed by friendly fire while in France to act as commander of the fictional First United States Army Group, part of the Operation Quicksilver deception that masked the actual landing sites for the Invasion of Normandy. During Operation Cobra, an Eighth Air Force bomb landed in his foxhole during combat near Saint-Lô when the Army attempted to use heavy bombers for close air support of infantry operations as part of the Battle of Normandy."
},
{
"docid": "D2056202#0",
"title": "http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=CI012\nCIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS.",
"text": "\"Home | Publications | Encyclopedia | Civilian Conservation Corps View A–Z Index CCC Camp at Guthrie, showing typical camp layout, 1936 (20778. AG. SCS. OKLA.5115, Edd Roberts Collection, OHS). CCC Camp Haskell, Binger (19626.1, Mrs. H. H. Weaver Collection, OHS). CCC cutting rye near Elk City, 1937 (20778. AG. SCS. OKLA.5845, Edd Roberts Collection, OHS). CCC Hobart Camp planting a windbreak (20778."
},
{
"docid": "D2962233#0",
"title": "https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/usar-history.htm\nU.S. Army Reserve - History",
"text": "\"U. S. Army Reserve - History The United States that gained its independence in the American Revolution chose to rely on a very small Regular Army augmented in time of crisis by militia or civilian volunteers. The practice continued throughout the 19th century. During the Civil War, when the Regular Army divided between north and south, both sides resorted to state militias, to the raising of volunteer units, and finally to conscription. Once the war ended, however, soldiers were mustered out as quickly as possible and the status quo restored. The training and preparedness of either militia or volunteers was always suspect at best and non-existent at worst. As the United States entered the 20th century, with the Spanish-American War a recent memory, the nation's leaders became more aware of America's potential and of the risks the new century might bring. Competing military alliances stretched across Europe, and each major military power had elaborate mobilization plans. While still hoping for political, if not economic, isolation, the United States began to look to a greater level of military preparedness and strength within federal control. The U. S. Army Reserve traces its beginnings to April 23, 1908, when Congress passed Senate Bill 1424. This act authorized the Army to establish a reserve corps of medical officers."
},
{
"docid": "D2531736#0",
"title": "http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/WAC/WAC.HTM\n.",
"text": "\"THE WOMEN'S ARMY CORPS: A COMMEMORATION OF WORLD WAR II SERVICEBy Judith A. Bellafaire CMH Publication 72-15Introduction World War II was the largest and most violent armed conflict in the history of mankind. However, the half century that now separates us from that conflict has exacted its toll on our collective knowledge. While World War II continues to absorb the interest of military scholars and historians, as well as its veterans, a generation of Americans has grown to maturity largely unaware of the political, social, and military implications of a war that, more than any other, united us as a people with a common purpose. Highly relevant today, World War II has much to teach us, not only about the profession of arms, but also about military preparedness, global strategy, and combined operations in the coalition war against fascism. During the next several years, the U. S. Army will participate in the nation's 50th anniversary commemoration of World War II. The commemoration will include the publication of various materials to help educate Americans about that war. The works produced will provide great opportunities to learn about and renew pride in an Army that fought so magnificently in what has been called \"\"the mighty endeavor. \"\" World War II was waged on land, on sea, and in the air over several diverse theaters of operation for approximately six years. The following essay on the critical support role of the Women's Army Corps supplements a series of studies on the Army's campaigns of that war. This brochure was prepared in the U. S. Army Center of Military History by Judith A. Bellafaire."
},
{
"docid": "D2880418#0",
"title": "http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/outlines/government-1991/the-executive-branch-powers-of-the-presidency/the-executive-departments.php\nThe Executive Departments",
"text": "\"The Executive Departments The day-to-day enforcement and administration of federal laws is in the hands of the various executive departments, created by Congress to deal with specific areas of national and international affairs. The heads of the departments, chosen by the president and approved by the Senate, form a council of advisers generally known as the president's \"\"Cabinet.\"\" In addition to 14 departments, there are a number of staff organizations grouped into the Executive Office of the President. These include the White House staff, the National Security Council, the Office of Management and Budget, the Council of Economic Advisers, the Office of the U. S. Trade Representative, and the Office of Science and Technology. The Constitution makes no provision for a presidential Cabinet. It does provide that the president may ask opinions, in writing, from the principal officer in each of the executive departments on any subject in their area of responsibility, but it does not name the departments nor describe their duties. Similarly, there are no specific constitutional qualifications for service in the Cabinet. The Cabinet developed outside the Constitution as a matter of practical necessity, for even in George Washington's day it was an absolute impossibility for the president to discharge his duties without advice and assistance. Cabinets are what any particular president makes them. Some presidents have relied heavily on them for advice, others lightly, and some few have largely ignored them."
},
{
"docid": "D2384517#0",
"title": "http://www.allgov.com/departments/department-of-labor/job-corps?agencyid=7169\n.",
"text": "Overview: One of the oldest social programs in the federal government today, the Job Corps tries to help young people from disadvantaged backgrounds complete their high school education and get a good start in the working world. The program has trained and educated two million individuals since it was first established during the Great Society era of the 1960s. Job Corps participants receive not only job assistance and education, but also room and board during their time in the program, which can last up to two years. In spite of its altruistic mission, the Job Corps has long been a source of debate between liberals and conservatives over the program’s continuation and funding.more History: The Job Corps was created during the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 as part of Johnson’s War on Poverty and Great Society initiatives that sought to expand economic and social opportunities for Americans, especially minorities and the poor. A product of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, the Job Corps was first set up by Sargent Shriver, a member of the Kennedy family who ran many of Johnson’s social programs. Shriver modeled the Job Corps on the Depression-era Civilian Conservation Corps of the 1930s, which provided room, board and employment to thousands of unemployed people. During its early years, the Job Corps struggled with a high dropout rate, management disputes, and hostility from local communities. The program also had its political detractors. President Richard M. Nixon shuttered many Job Corps centers, trimmed the program’s budget, and moved it to the Manpower Administration in the Department of Labor. Residential services were curtailed in favoring of having participants commute from their homes, while greater emphasis was placed on technical training instead of general remedial education."
},
{
"docid": "D2335110#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/106663783/history-122-chapter-21-flash-cards/\nHISTORY 122 CHAPTER 21",
"text": "\"25 terms naeun_park HISTORY 122 CHAPTER 21Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort The Great Depression and the economic crisis that ensued discredited supporters of: a) Keynesian economics. b) liberalism. c) unregulated capitalism. d) fascism. e) communism. The New Deal failed to generate: a) Hope. b) Sustained prosperity. c) Jobs."
},
{
"docid": "D2367050#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/87402388/hist-1302-ch-27-flash-cards/\nHIST 1302 Ch. 27",
"text": "\"191 terms luisbanuelos HIST 1302 Ch. 27Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sortjust before his election to the presidency in 1931, FDR was governor of new york The FERA is correctly represented by all the above statements. The social worker who directed the FERA and then headed the WPA at its creation in 1935 was: Harry Hopkinsthe fair practice codes of the NRA did all of the following except break up large corporations The Agricultural Adjustment Act was ruled unconstitutional: after it had helped increase farm income by nearly 60 percent from 1932 to 1935. The \"\"sit-down strike\"\" was used successfully in 1937 by: automobile workersamong the objectives of the Tennessee Valley Authority were all the following except: The development of air transportation Huey Long was from louisisana In the case of Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States, the Supreme Court: overturned the National Industrial Recovery Act. The National Labor Relations Act: was often called the wagner act Which of the following statements about the Social Security Act is not true? It was based on a progressive tax that took a larger percentage of higher incomes. In the presidential election of 1936: Republicans hoped that third party action might throw the election to themwhich of the following groups would have been least likely to support roosevelt in the election of 1936? wealthy buisinessmen What made the dust storms worse than normal was the transition during the early twentieth century from: widespread scattered subsistence farming to industrial agriculture.the 1937 economic slump was caused in part by a sharp decrease in government spendingthe literary work that best captured the ordeal of the depression was The grapes of wrath by john steinbeckrichard wright wrote native son, a story of racial prejudicecharles e coughlin was a radio priest and founder of the national union for social justicethe fair code practices of the NRA did all of the following except break up large corporationshuey longs program to end the depression was a plan to share the wealthin early 1937, fdr proposed to reform the supreme court by adding up to six additional membersthe fair labor standards act of 1938 set the minimum wage of forty cents an hour By the end of 1937, which group had coalesced against the New Deal a bipartisan conservative bloc All of the following is true of the National Youth Administration EXCEPT: it was the parent organization for the CCCCodes of fair practice were part of: NRAOne third of the \"\"Okies\"\": returned to their home states Richard Wright: wrote Native Son, a story of racial prejudice In the presidential election of 1932: radical Socialist and Communist party candidates won nearly 1 million votes The Revenue Act of 1935 (sometimes called the Wealth-Tax Act): raised taxes on incomes above $50,000The conservative Democratic opposition to the New Deal in the late 1930s: was heaviest in the South Just before his election to the presidency in 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt was serving as: governor of New York Huey Long: developed a program called Share the Wealth The literary work that best captured the ordeal of the Depression was The Grapes of Wrath by: John Steinbeck The 1937 economic slump was caused in part by: a sharp decrease in government spending."
},
{
"docid": "D1980968#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_were_programs_such_as_the_civilian_conservation_corps_and_works_progress_administration_credited_with_helping_to_united_Americans\nWhy were programs such as the civilian conservation corps and works progress administration credited with helping to united Americans?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Why were programs such as the civilian conservation corps and works progress administration credited with helping to united Americans? Flag Why were programs such as the civilian conservation corps and works progress administration credited with helping to united Americans? Edit Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time.federal programs allowed people of different backgrounds to work together9 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Mr V 2,881 Contributions What was the success of the civilian conservation corps? The CCC was one of the most successful of the New Deal programs. Even today, many people think something like the CCC would be benificial for our economy and the unemplo …What did the Civilian Conservation Corps do?apex ~put millions of young men to work on state and national lands. what did CCC do? in the 1920-1930's One thing that I know that they built roads for many different p …What did Civilian conservation corps do to help White Rock Lake?they helped build the Whit Rock Lake Edit What did the Civilian Conservation Corps and the Works Progress Administration have in common? They Created Jobs - Ezioskitty Edit Mr V 2,881 Contributions What age group did civilian conservation corps help? The Civilian Conservation Corps employed 274,375 young men between the ages of 17 and 25 in 1,300 camps nationwide."
}
] |
619932
|
what did the civilian corps primarily work on
|
[
{
"docid": "D1316910#0",
"title": "http://www.history.com/topics/civilian-conservation-corps\nCivilian Conservation Corps",
"text": "Contents Print Cite The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a work relief program that gave millions of young men employment on environmental projects during the Great Depression. Considered by many to be one of the most successful of Roosevelt’s New Deal programs, the CCC planted more than three billion trees and constructed trails and shelters in more than 800 parks nationwide during its nine years of existence. The CCC helped to shape the modern national and state park systems we enjoy today. Play video The Fireside Chats5min Play video Franklin D. Roosevelt5min Play video Franklin D. Roosevelt Creates Social Security2min CCC and the New Deal President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the CCC with an executive order on April 5, 1933. The CCC was part of his New Deal legislation, combating high unemployment during the Great Depression by putting hundreds of thousands of young men to work on environmental conservation projects. The CCC combined FDR’s interests in conservation and universal service for youth. As governor of New York, he had run a similar program on a smaller scale. The United States Army helped to solve an early logistical problem—transportation. Most of the unemployed men were in Eastern cities while much of the conservation work was in the West. The Army organized the transportation of thousands of enrollees to work camps around the country."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D3084854#0",
"title": "https://www.almc.army.mil/alog/issues/MayJun05/logcap.html\n.",
"text": "LOGCAP 101: An Operational Planner’s Guideby Colonel Karen E. Le Doux In the first of two articles on the Logistics Civil Augmentation Program, the author discusses the commander’s role in planning and executing the program successfully. During my deployment to Iraq to provide support to Operation Iraqi Freedom, commanders sometimes expressed frustration that the Logistics Civil Augmentation Program (LOGCAP) did not meet their expectations. I believe the commanders’ perceptions stemmed, in part, from the fact that they did not fully understand their roles and responsibilities in planning and executing the program and did not always have realistic expectations of the program’s capabilities. LOGCAP’s strengths lie in preplanned support and economies of scale and effort. These strengths have not been exploited fully because of incremental, bottom-up planning rather than top-down, integrated staff planning; underdeveloped theater contracting management processes; and a lack of knowledge at all levels of what the program can do and how to access it. Two major findings of a 2004 Government Accountability Office audit of LOGCAP operations in Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom were that the Department of Defense did not comply fully with guidance on identification of contracting requirements early in the planning process and that the LOGCAP contractor was not adequately involved in the planning process. I believe that Army Materiel Command (AMC) Pamphlet 700–30, LOGCAP, does not detail the tactical- and operational-level mechanics of LOGCAP or provide “how to” information the combatant commanders (COCOMs) and Army service component commanders (ASCCs) need to properly implement the contract during contingency operations. In this article, the first of two on proper planning and employment of LOGCAP, I will attempt to help fill some of the voids in that doctrine. LOGCAP Doctrine Army Regulation (AR) 700–137, Logistics Civil Augmentation Program (LOGCAP), establishes Department of the Army (DA) policies, responsibilities, and procedures for implementing LOGCAP to augment Army forces during wartime. AMC Pamphlet 700–30 outlines procedures for commanders at both the DA and regional COCOM levels to follow when requesting and implementing LOGCAP services."
},
{
"docid": "D942251#0",
"title": "http://www.army-portal.com/jobs/corps-engineers/engineer-officer.html\nEngineer Officer",
"text": "Engineer Officer Engineer Officer (MOS 12Z) Description / Major Duties: An Officer in the Army Corps of Engineers is responsible for providing support in full spectrum of engineer duties. Engineer Officers help the Army and the Nation in building structures, developing civil works program, working with natural resources as well as providing combat support on the battlefield. The Army Corps of Engineers has a tremendous amount of job diversity, and its officers serve in every type of engineer unit, to include: Sapper Emplace demolitions, conduct reconnaissance and support maneuver units with mobility, counter-mobility and survivability. Stryker Provide assured and counter mobility expertise within the Stryker Brigade Combat Teams. Bradley Destroy, neutralize and suppress the enemy using the Bradley Fighting Vehicle. Construction Construct roads, buildings, military bases, airfields, and much more. Geospatial Collect, manage and visualize terrain data. Dive Repair, construct and patrol underwater during reconnaissance, demolition and salvage operations. Bridge Construct, emplace, or assemble floating, vehicle-emplaced, or permanent bridges. Power Generate, distribute, and provide technical expertise on electrical power."
},
{
"docid": "D3018652#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_did_the_civilian_conservation_corps_help\nWho did the civilian conservation corps help?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Who did the civilian conservation corps help? Flag Who did the civilian conservation corps help? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. The money that the men earned was sent to their families to be used in any way. This helped the families back home and other people. Also when they were working they constructed lasting work that is still around for us now.7 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Cryptogal 6,650 Contributions What was the Civilian conservation corps? The Civilian Conservation Corps was a relief program put into place during the Great Depression under Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The program provided unskilled, manual labor j …Purpose of Civilian Conservation Corps? The Civilian Conservation Corps was established to provide jobsduring the Great Depression."
},
{
"docid": "D1229082#0",
"title": "http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/Admin-Hist/USN-Admin/USN-Admin-14.html\nChapter XIV The United States Marine Corps",
"text": "\"Chapter XIV The United States Marine Corps Origin, Legal Status, and Mission The United States Marine Corps is a military service forming part of the Naval Establishment. The Continental Congress on November 10, 1775, authorized Marines as part of the Continental military forces, but they were disbanded after the Revolution. An Act of Congress, dated July 11, 1798, established the Marine Corps. 1Reference is made in the Act to the employment of Marines in the Navy in the following words: \"\"The President of the United States may detach and appoint such of the officers of this Marine Corps to act on board the frigates and any of the armed vessels . . . in the service of the United States.\"\" The Marine Corps was charged in the Act with other duties as follows: \"\"The Marine Corps . . . shall, at any time, be liable to do duty in the forts and garrisons in the United States, on the seacoast, or any other duty on shore, as the President, at his discretion, shall direct. \"\" Nowhere in the Act is the Marine Corps described as part of the Navy, or of the Army. The working of the Act led to much argument for many years as to the legal status of the Marine Corps with respect to the other armed services of the Federal Government. An Act of COngress, dated June 30, 1834, 2 clarified the matter somewhat, but the only references to the Navy or the Navy Department in that Act are found in Section 2, \"\"that said Corps shall at all times be subject to and under the laws and regulations . . ."
},
{
"docid": "D2187059#0",
"title": "http://www.careersinthemilitary.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=services.army_officer\n.",
"text": "Military Services: Army Officer OVERVIEWToday's Army is composed of a highly trained team of individuals. The individual Soldier, the noncommissioned officer (NCO), and the officer make the Army's sophisticated technology work. They operate tanks, fly helicopters, and launch missiles. They build bridges, calibrate and operate computers, and apply state-of-the-art tools and methods to solve critical problems. Working together, these elements enable the Army to accomplish its mission to deter war and be prepared to fight and win should deterrence fail. The Army is made up of nearly 500,000 bright, well-trained men and women on active duty, including more than 68,500 officers and 12,000 warrant officers. These men and women compose the best-trained, best-disciplined, and most self-assured Army in recent history. The Army needs about 7,000 new officers each year. BECOMING AN OFFICERYou may become an officer in the U. S. Army through one of four commissioning programs: the United States Military Academy, the Army Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC), the Officer Candidate School (OCS), or direct appointment. All require, as a minimum, that the applicant be a high school graduate, pass a medical and physical exam, and be at least 17 years old."
},
{
"docid": "D1413129#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tet_Offensive\nTet Offensive",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Tet Offensive Sự kiện Tết Mậu Thân Part of the Vietnam War Map indicating towns and cities in which significant fighting occurred during the Tet Offensive of 1968Date Phase 1: January 30 – March 28, 1968 Phase 2: May 5 – June 15, 1968 Phase 3: August 17 – September 23, 1968Location South Vietnam Result Heavy casualties on both sides [1] [2] U. S. and South Vietnamese tactical victory. [ 3] North Vietnamese propaganda, political, and strategic victory. [ 4] Depletion of Viet Cong leading to the use of greater North Vietnamese manpower. Belligerents South Vietnam United States South Korea Australia New Zealand Thailand Viet Cong North Vietnam Commanders and leaders Cao Văn Viên William Westmoreland Lê Duẩn Hoàng Văn Thái Võ Nguyên Giáp Strength~1,000,000 [5] Phase 1: ~80,000 Total: ~323,000 – 595,000 [6]Casualties and losses In phase 1: South Vietnam: 4,954 killed 15,917 wounded 926 missing Others: 4,124 killed 19,295 wounded 604 missing Total casualties in Phase 1: Approximately 45,820 casualties (9,078 killed, 35,212 wounded, 1,530 missing) [7] [8] 123 aircraft destroyed, 214 heavily damaged and 215 medium damaged [9]Total 3 phases: unknown In phase 1: Est. 17,000 killed and 20,000 wounded To August: 75,000+ casualties [10]Total 3 phases: 111,179 casualties (45,267 killed, 61,267 wounded, 5,070 missing) [11]Civilian: 14,000 killed, 24,000 wounded [ show]v t e Military engagements of the Vietnam War The Tet Offensive ( Vietnamese: Sự kiện Tết Mậu Thân 1968 ), or officially called The General Offensive and Uprising of Tet Mau Than 1968 ( Vietnamese: Tổng Tiến công và Nổi dậy Tết Mậu Thân 1968) by North Vietnam and the NLF, was one of the largest military campaigns of the Vietnam War, launched on January 30, 1968, by forces of the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese People's Army of Vietnam against the forces of the South Vietnamese Army of the Republic of Vietnam, the United States Armed Forces, and their allies. It was a campaign of surprise attacks against military and civilian command and control centers throughout South Vietnam. [ 12] The name of the offensive comes from the Tết holiday, the Vietnamese New Year, when the first major attacks took place. [ 13]The North Vietnamese launched a wave of attacks in the late night hours of 30 January in the I and II Corps Tactical Zones of South Vietnam. This early attack did not lead to widespread defensive measures. When the main North Vietnamese operation began the next morning, the offensive was countrywide and well coordinated; eventually more than 80,000 North Vietnamese and Viet Cong troops struck more than 100 towns and cities, including 36 of 44 provincial capitals, five of the six autonomous cities, 72 of 245 district towns, and the southern capital. ["
},
{
"docid": "D3072190#0",
"title": "https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/cultural_diversity/Tuskegee_Airmen_National_Historic_Site.html\n.",
"text": "Plane crew working on plane. From “Pilot Training School, Tuskegee Institute,” dated May 1944 Courtesy of the National Park Service and the Air Force Historical Research Agency Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site commemorates and interprets the heroic actions of the Tuskegee Airmen from World War II, a story of patriotism in the face of fascism abroad and racism at home. The United States War Department’s “Tuskegee Experiment” (today known as the “Tuskegee Airmen Experience”) involved the recruitment of African American men and women to train and fight in the Army Air Corps in World War II in the face of discriminatory policies and conditions. Including over 16,000 air traffic controllers, bombardiers, flight instructors, mechanics, navigators, officers, pilots, radio technicians, weather forecasters, and more, the participants of the “Tuskegee Airmen Experience” are unique not just because of their large number, but because their numerous confrontations with racism motivated rather than hindered their mission. The fighter groups most closely associated with the Tuskegee Airmen, notably the 99th and 332nd, are considered among the most proficient Army Air Corps squadrons in World War II. This hard won reputation exemplifies their efforts to rise above prejudice and serve their country. In 1939, schools and universities received government-sponsored support for developing flight-training programs through the Civilian Pilot Training (CPT) program. Established to train civilians to be back-up pilots in the event of a national emergency, the CPT was open to African Americans and women. Tuskegee Institute was just one of eight African American schools CPT supported. Known as one of the nation’s best vocational schools for African Americans, Tuskegee Institute had a tradition of teaching skilled crafts and instilling a firm work ethic in its students."
},
{
"docid": "D1902276#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Women%27s_Reserve\nUnited States Marine Corps Women's Reserve",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search WR recruiting poster during World War IIThe United States Marine Corps Women's Reserve (WR) was the World War II women's branch of the United States Marine Corps Reserve. It was authorized by the U. S. Congress and signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on 30 July 1942, but the Marine Corps delayed the formation of the WR until 13 February 1943. The law provided that members of the WR may be commissioned or enlisted in such ranks and ratings equal to the regular Marine Corps, and was effective for the duration of the war plus six months. Its purpose was to release officers and men for combat and to replace them with women in shore stations. Ruth Cheney Streeter was appointed the first director of the WR. She was sworn in with the rank of major and later was promoted to a full colonel. The WR did not have an official nickname, as did the other World War II women's military services, although many unofficial and uncomplimentary nicknames were used to describe the women. Young women were eager to serve in the military during WW II, and the Marine Corps wanted only the best. The overall qualifications for women who wished to volunteer for the WR were stringent. The age requirement for officer candidates was between 20 and 49, and a candidate had to be a college graduate or have a combination of two years of college and two years of work experience."
},
{
"docid": "D2987728#0",
"title": "https://www.reddit.com/r/USMC/comments/2d75yl/iama_meceper_who_just_graduated_ocs_ask_me/\n.",
"text": "\"Welcome to Reddit,the front page of the internet. Become a Redditorand subscribe to one of thousands of communities.×20IAm A MECEP (er) who just graduated OCS. Ask Me Anything!self. USMCsubmitted 3 years ago by Sgt Judas Alright guys, I'm a MECEP selectee who just graduated from OCS with OCC (Officer Candidates Class) 216, Charlie Company. If you have any questions about the process or what to expect from OCS, ask away. I would like to focus more on the priors, but I will entertain questions from you civilian wannabes too.76 comments share save hide reportall 76 commentssorted by: best Want to add to the discussion? Post a comment!Create an account [–]boydboyd 2671 02-07 31 points 3 years ago Bro, how do you AMA but then not answer a single question?permalink embed save [–] [deleted] 41 points 3 years ago Did you not read hes an officer now?permalink embed save parent [–] [deleted] 9 points 3 years ago He's still on Fire Watch.permalink embed save parent [–] cakes92 3 points 3 years ago Op?permalink embed save parent [–] Sgt Judas [ S] 2 points 3 years ago Again, really sorry. I got drunk last night and put some work in on my girl's booty that had been neglected for the past 10 weeks ('cept for Jody of course) and forgot I started this AMA...permalink embed save parent [–] boydboyd 2671 02-07 5 points 3 years ago A likely story. DADT was repealed, homie. It's okay to have a boyfriend now, you don't have to hide behind your girl's booty.permalink embed save parent [–] Sgt Judas [ S] 3 points 3 years ago Nah bro."
},
{
"docid": "D2354460#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fighting_knife\nFighting knife",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search An assortment of fighting knives A fighting knife is a knife with a blade designed to inflict a lethal injury in a physical confrontation between two or more individuals at very short range (grappling distance). [ 1] [2] [3] [4] The combat knife and the trench knife are examples of military fighting knives. [ 1] [5]Fighting knives were traditionally designed as special-purpose weapons, intended primarily if not solely for use in personal or hand-to-hand combat. This singularity of purpose originally distinguished the fighting knife from the field knife, fighting utility knife, or in modern usage, the tactical knife. The tactical knife is a knife with one or more military features designed for use in extreme situations, which may or may not include a design capability as a fighting or combat weapon. [ 6] Since World War I, the fighting knife in military service has gradually evolved into a dual-purpose or \"\"fighting-utility\"\" knife, suited for both knife fighting and utility roles. As a consequence, the terms \"\"fighting knife\"\" and \"\"tactical knife\"\" are frequently employed interchangeably. Contents [ hide ]1 History1.1 Ancient history1.2 Post-classical history1.3 Modern history2 Tactical knife3 See also4 References History [ edit]Further information: Dagger Ancient history [ edit]Further information: Sica, Falx, and Pugio Utility knives with stone or flint blades were undoubtedly used in personal combat since Paleolithic times. One of the earliest metal-blade fighting knives was the dagger. The first early Bronze Age daggers featured Beaker copper blades, probably done with stone tools."
},
{
"docid": "D405251#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_roles_in_the_World_Wars\nWomen in the World Wars",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Women's roles in the World Wars)navigation searchv t e Women in militaries Ancient Post-classical Early modern Women in 18th-century warfare 1800–18991900–1939 The World Wars WWI WWII1945–1999 2000–present David Mc Lellan - Interior of a ward on a British Ambulance Train in France during World War IPart of a series on Women in society Society Science Technology Arts Humanities Religion Popular culture Sports By country Feminism portalv t e In Great Britain just before World War I there were 24 million adult women and 1.7 million worked in domestic service, 800,000 worked in the textile manufacturing industry, 600,000 worked in the clothing trades, 500,000 worked in commerce, and 260,000 worked in local and national government, including teaching. [ 1] The British textile and clothing trades, in particular, employed far more women than men and were regarded as 'women's work'. [ 1]While some women managed to enter the traditionally male career paths, women, for the most part, were expected to be primarily involved in \"\"duties at home\"\" and \"\"women's work\"\". Before 1914, only a few countries, including New Zealand, Australia, and several Scandinavian nations, had given women the right to vote (see Women's suffrage ), but otherwise, women were minimally involved in the political process. The two world wars hinged as much on industrial production as they did on battlefield clashes. With millions of men away fighting and with the inevitable casualties, there was a severe shortage of labour in a range of industries, from rural and farm work to urban office jobs. During both world wars women were needed by the national war effort to undertake new roles. [ 1] In Great Britain, this was known as a process of \"\"Dilution\"\" and was strongly contested by the trade unions, particularly in the engineering and ship building industries. [ 1] For the duration of both World Wars, women sometimes did take on skilled \"\"men's work\"\". [ 1] However, in accordance with the agreement negotiated with the trade unions, women undertaking jobs covered by the Dilution agreement lost their jobs at the end of the First World War. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2550370#0",
"title": "http://adst.org/2014/10/argentinas-dirty-war-and-the-transition-to-democracy/\nMoments in U.S. Diplomatic History",
"text": "It was one of the darkest periods in Latin American history. From 1976-1983, a brutal military junta ruled Argentina in what was called “the Dirty War,” when some 10,000 persons were “disappeared” and human rights abuses were rampant. Many of the disappeared were believed to have been abducted by agents of the Argentine government during these years; the disappeared were often tortured and killed before their bodies were disposed of in rural areas or unmarked graves. In response the movement called “Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo” arose, wearing signs with photos and names of their children who had vanished, standing in silent protest. The junta remained in power until Argentina’s cratering economy and woefully unsuccessful attempt to seize the Falklands/Malvinas Islands from the United Kingdom further undermined any remaining shred of credibility. The military leaders, with some convincing from the U. S. and others, stepped down; the general election on October 30, 1983 — and the surprising defeat of the Peronist party — marked the return of constitutional rule. Over 85% of eligible voters participated. With the return to democracy, Argentina and the United States developed a very close bilateral relationship, which was highlighted by President Clinton’s visit to Argentina in October 1997. In July 1998, the United States Government recognized Argentina as a major non-NATO ally. In March 2016 President Barack Obama honored the victims of the Dirty War and ordered the declassification of thousands of military and intelligence documents related to the period."
},
{
"docid": "D1739750#0",
"title": "http://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/political-science-and-government/us-government/united-states-marine-corps\nMARINE CORPS, UNITED STATES",
"text": "\"MARINE CORPS, UNITED STATESMARINE CORPS, UNITED STATES, one of the four armed services of the U. S. military. Originally, its function was to supply guards to warships. Over the twentieth century, however, the corps transformed into a multi-function organization that combines ground and air combat units into a maritime force, trained to come from the sea to fight on land (littoral warfare). The history of the Marine Corps traditionally dates from 10 November 1775, when the Continental Congress authorized the raising of \"\"two Battalions of marines.\"\" These first marines executed a successful amphibious raid into the Bahamas in March 1776; joined George Washington at Princeton, New Jersey, in January 1777; wintered at Morristown, New Jersey; participated in the defense of the Delaware River and Philadelphia in the autumn of 1777; and joined the unsuccessful Penobscot expedition in the summer of 1779. At sea, marines—Continental, state, or privateer—served on virtually all armed ships of the embattled colonies. Both the Continental navy and the marines disbanded at the war's end. Congress resurrected both the marines and the navy before the century's end. In 1794, spurred by the depredations of algerian pirates, Congress authorized the building of six frigates, the complements of which included marine quotas. On 11 July 1798, concomitant with the separation of the navy from the War Department, Congress authorized \"\"a Marine Corps.\"\""
},
{
"docid": "D3319818#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20130108105640AAEn4u5\n10 questions please help me?",
"text": "Education & Reference Homework Help10 questions please help me? Question 1 What did the Civilian Conservation Corps primarily work on? water projects electrification forest land public buildings Question 2 How did Hoover and Roosevelt differ in their response to the Great Depression? Hoover felt that aid should be given directly to the people;... show more Follow 2 answers Answers Best Answer: 1-water and forest. built a lot of campgrounds in state and national parks. built a lot of small dams and flood control projects, though those were mostly wpa 4---fireside chats on the radio 5-everybody wants the gov to take care of them (safety net) 7---the Works Progress Administration built many public buildings. many federal courthouses are still being used 10---tell a lie enough times it will be believed. many believed FDR was their economic savior Source (s):that is half for you rest will be easy to find alsodon't plagiarize · 5 years ago1 0 Comment I'm not gonna answer 10 questions when I don't get 10 best answers. And given that's never gonna happen.... I suggest asking each question individually.? · 5 years ago1 2 Comment Maybe you would like to learn more about one of these?"
},
{
"docid": "D3343013#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/11630269/history-flash-cards/\nhistory",
"text": "\"80 terms alangixxerhistoryhus 2 ch. 24-27Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort National Industrial Recovery in the early New Deal, FDR hoped to stimulate business recovery through the partial suspension fo antitrust laws, but with worker, protection, in the ___________ Act.returning individually owned lands to tribal control The New Deal's Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 encouraged National Labor Relations or Wagner The \"\"Second\"\" New Deal measure giving workers the right to bargain collectively and prohibiting employers from interfering with union organization activites in their factories was the _____ Act.the number of justices should be increased FDR sought to make the Supreme Court more \"\"pro-New Deal\"\" in 1937 by proposing thatcreate soil conservation and reforstation jobs for unemployed young men. The Civilian Conservation Corps was intened primarily toa strong isolationist reaction from the public forced Rossevelt to back down. What happened when Roosevelt made his \"\"quarantine speech\"\" of October 1937, in which he argued that lawless aggressors should be quarantined? Huey P. Long The most formidable of the extremist opposing Roosevelt and leader of the Share Our Wealth movment was Four Freedoms FDR spoke for the hopes of many for a better post-war world when he expressed his goal of Poland In September 1939 Britain and France declared war after Germany invaded Charles Coughlin The popular \"\"Radio Priest\"\" whose program criticized roosevelt and came to resemble fascism was France On D-Day, June 6, 1944, the Allies invadedtwice as much as in its entire previous history Between 1941 and 1945, spending by the federal government was\"\"island hopping.\"\" The American strategy in the Pacific to conquer only strategic islands was called Japanese Americans Japanese Americans Japanese Americans Over 100,000 ________ were relocated and interned in the U. S. during World War IIOffice of War Mobilization The World War II board which exercised complete control over domestic prices and wages was the They shared a common commitment to defeating Hitler and seemed willing to cooperate on postwar problems. How well did the Soviets cooperate with the Americans during the war?doubted women could handle the work. In regards to female entry into the traditionally male-dominated workforce, unionsequal opportunities for black workers in defense plants."
},
{
"docid": "D708913#0",
"title": "http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/Occupation/Occupation.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Cover: Taking a Salteador Stronghold (West Point Museum Art Collection, U. S. Military Academy)Introduction The Occupation of Mexico, May 1846-July 1848Strategic Setting Mexico's Political and Social Situation at the Onset of Hostilities American Objectives U. S. Army Organization U. S. Army Counterinsurgency Doctrine Mexico's Guerrilla Tradition and Composition of Irregular Forces Operations Taylor's Occupation of Northern Mexico Scott's Occupation of Central Mexico Scott's Stabilization Campaign The U. S. Army and the Problems of Occupation Analysis Further Readings Introduction The Mexican War (1846-1848) was the U. S. Army's first experience waging an extended conflict in a foreign land. This brief war is often overlooked by casual students of history since it occurred so close to the American Civil War and is overshadowed by the latter's sheer size and scope. Yet, the Mexican War was instrumental in shaping the geographical boundaries of the United States. At the conclusion of this conflict, the U. S. had added some one million square miles of territory, including what today are the states of Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, and California, as well as portions of Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, and Nevada. This newly acquired land also became a battleground between advocates for the expansion of slavery and those who fought to prevent its spread. These sectional and political differences ripped the fabric of the union of states and eventually contributed to the start of the American Civil War, just thirteen years later. In addition, the Mexican War was a proving ground for a generation of U. S. Army leaders who as junior officers in Mexico learned the trade of war and latter applied those lessons to the Civil War. The Mexican War lasted some twenty-six months from its first engagement through the withdrawal of American troops. Fighting took place over thousands of miles, from northern Mexico to Mexico City, and across New Mexico and California. During the conflict, the U. S. Army won a series of decisive conventional battles, all of which highlighted the value of U. S. Military Academy graduates who time and again paved the way for American victories."
},
{
"docid": "D2350454#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guardsman\nUnited States Coast Guard",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from United States Coast Guardsman)navigation search United States Coast Guard Emblem of the United States Coast Guard Founded January 28, 1915; 103 years ago [1] [Note 1]Country United States of America Type Coast guard Role Defense operations, maritime law enforcement, and search and rescue Size 40,992 active personnel [2] 7,000 reserve personnel [2] 8,577 civilian personnel [2]Part of Department of Homeland Security Headquarters Douglas A. Munro Coast Guard Headquarters Building, Washington, D. C., U. S. Nickname (s) \"\"Coasties\"\", [3] \"\"Shallow water sailors\"\", [3] \"\"The Guard\"\", [3]Motto (s) Semper Paratus (English: Always ready)Colors CG Red, CG Blue, White [4]March \"\" Semper Paratus \"\" Play ( help · info)Anniversaries 4 August Engagements See list [show]Decorations See list [show]Commanders Commander-in-Chief President Donald Trump Secretary of Homeland Security Kirstjen Nielsen Commandant ADM Paul F. Zukunft Vice Commandant ADM Charles D. Michel Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard MCPOCG Steven W. Cantrell Insignia Standard Ensign Seal Mark Guidon Pennant The United States Coast Guard ( USCG) is a branch of the United States Armed Forces [6] and one of the country's seven uniformed services. The Coast Guard is a maritime, military, multi-mission service unique among the U. S. military branches for having a maritime law enforcement mission (with jurisdiction in both domestic and international waters) and a federalregulatory agency mission as part of its mission set. It operates under the U. S. Department of Homeland Security during peacetime, and can be transferred to the U. S. Department of the Navy by the U. S. President at any time, or by the U. S. Congress during times of war. This has happened twice, in 1917, during World War I, and in 1941, during World War II. [ 7] [8]Created by Congress on 4 August 1790 at the request of Alexander Hamilton as the Revenue Marine, it is the oldest continuous seagoing service of the United States. [ Note 2] As Secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton headed the Revenue Marine, whose original purpose was collecting customs duties in the nation's seaports. By the 1860s, the service was known as the U. S. Revenue Cutter Service and the term Revenue Marine gradually fell into disuse. [ 9]The modern Coast Guard was formed by a merger of the Revenue Cutter Service and the U. S. Life-Saving Service on 28 January 1915, under the U. S. Department of the Treasury. As one of the country's five armed services, the Coast Guard has been involved in every U. S. war from 1790 to the Iraq War [10] and the War in Afghanistan. [ 11] As of 2014, the Coast Guard had over 36,000 men and women on active duty, 7,350 reservists, 29,620 auxiliarists, and 7,064 full-time civilian employees. ["
},
{
"docid": "D652896#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/Did-the-US-Army-hold-military-drills-on-the-US-soil-Isnt-this-a-posse-comitatus-violation\nDid the US Army hold military drills on the US soil? Isn't this a posse comitatus violation?",
"text": "Edward Street Answered Nov 22, 2017 · Upvoted by Matthew Natur and Will Bentley · Author has 839 answers and 342.5k answer views Yes and no, the regular US Army and USAF forces routinely hold military training exercises in CONUS. I didn’t mention the Navy or Marines, because they aren’t included in 18 U. S. Code § 1385. A directive from the Sec Def covers them. Routine training has nothing to do with posse commitatus. Posse commitatus is:“Every law enforcement officer is bound to execute the penal warrants given to him to execute. He may summon to his assistance, either in writing or orally, any of the citizens of the neighborhood or county to assist in the execution of such warrants. The acts of the citizens formed as a posse by such officer shall be subject to the same protection and consequences as official acts. ”Posse comitatus - Wikipedia Now, National Guard units? They are not bound by the Posse Comitatus Act, nor is the Coast Guard. But simply conducting training exercise on US soil is not conducting domestic law enforcement."
},
{
"docid": "D2116442#0",
"title": "http://military.wikia.com/wiki/Wendell_Fertig\nWendell Fertig",
"text": "\"For other uses, see Fertig (disambiguation). Wendell Fertig Colonel Wendell Fertig, 1963Nickname \"\"Tatay\"\" (the Old Man, Father)Born December 16, 1900Died March 24, 1975 (aged 74)Place of birth La Junta, Colorado Place of death Colorado Allegiance United States of America Service/branch United States Army Years of service 1941-1954Rank Colonel Commands held Commanding Officer, 10th Military District - Mindanao Battles/wars World War IIBataan Corregidor Guerrilla Warfare, Mindanao Korean War Awards Distinguished Service Cross Distinguished Service Medal Legion of Merit Bronze Star Medal Other work Mining and Civil Engineer Businessman Wendell Fertig (16 December 1900 – 24 March 1975) [1] was an American civil engineer, in the American-administered Commonwealth of the Philippines, who organized and commanded an American-Filipino guerrilla force on the Japanese -occupied, southern Philippine island of Mindanao during World War II . Fertig held a U. S. Army reserve commission and was called into military service before the war in the Pacific began. Ordered from Corregidor before its surrender to the Japanese, he was sent to Mindanao to assume command of engineer activities there. Almost as soon as he arrived, the U. S. Army forces on Mindanao surrendered, but Fertig refused to do so. [ 2] Fertig used his knowledge of the Filipino people to organize them into a guerrilla army and civilian government. He also used his engineering knowledge to solve problems in supply and construction. [ 3] Fertig led the guerrillas against the Japanese and their collaborators, mostly in hit-and-run raids and vital coast watching activities. [ 4] After making contact with U. S. forces in the Pacific, the guerrillas began to receive supplies, but never enough to stage large scale attacks. More than once, the Japanese tried to destroy Fertig and his guerrilla army, committing large numbers of troops for this purpose."
},
{
"docid": "D383943#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa\nBattle of Okinawa",
"text": "\"Battle of Okinawa From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For the film, see Battle of Okinawa (film). Battle of Okinawa Part of the Pacific Theater of World War IIUS Marine from the 2nd Battalion, 1st Marines on Wana Ridge provides covering fire with his Thompson submachine gun, May 18, 1945. Date April 1 – June 22, 1945 [1]Location Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands, Japan26°30′N 128°00′ECoordinates: 26°30′N 128°00′EResult Allied victory Territorial changes Okinawa occupied by the US until 1972Belligerents Ground Forces: United States Naval Support: United States United Kingdom Canada New Zealand Australia Japan Commanders and leaders Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr. †Claudius Miller Easley †Roy Geiger Joseph Stilwell Chester W. Nimitz Raymond A. Spruance William Halsey, Jr. Mitsuru Ushijima †Isamu Chō †Minoru Ōta †Seiichi Itō †Hiromichi Yahara (POW)Units involved Ground units: Tenth Army XXIV Corps7th Infantry Division27th Infantry Division77th Infantry Division96th Infantry Division III Amphibious Corps1st Marine Division2nd Marine Division6th Marine Division Naval units: Fifth Fleet Task Force 50Task Force 58Task Force 57Joint Exp. Force Ground units: Thirty-Second Army24th Infantry Division28th Infantry Division62nd Infantry Division44th Mixed Brigade45th Mixed Brigade59th Mixed Brigade60th Mixed Brigade27th Tank Regiment Naval units: 2nd Fleet Combined Fleet Strength541,000 in Tenth Army 183,000 combat troops [2] rising to c. 250,000 [3]76,000 Japanese soldiers, 20,000 Okinawan conscripts [4]Casualties and losses American Personnel: 14,009 dead [5] to 20,195 dead [6] [7] [8]12,520 killed in action [9]38,000 wounded [10] to 55,162 wounded [6] [11] [12]Materiel: 12 destroyers sunk 15 amphibious ships sunk 9 other ships sunk 386 ships damaged 763 [13] -768 [14] aircraft 225 tanks Japanese Personnel: From 77,166 killed [15] to 110,000 killed (US estimate) [16] More than 7,000 captured [16]Materiel: 1 battleship sunk 1 light cruiser sunk 5 destroyers sunk 9 other warships sunk 1,430 aircraft lost [17] 27 tanks destroyed 743-1,712 artillery pieces, anti-tank guns, and anti-aircraft guns [18]40,000–150,000 civilians killed out of some est.300,000 [16]Location within Japan [ show]v t e Volcano and Ryukyu Islands campaign [ show]v t e Pacific War The Battle of Okinawa ( Japanese: 沖縄戦 Hepburn: Okinawa-sen) ( Okinawan: 沖縄戦, translit. Uchinaa ikusa ), codenamed Operation Iceberg, [19] was a major battle of the Pacific War fought on the island of Okinawa by United States Marine and Army forces against the Imperial Japanese Army. [ 20] The initial invasion of Okinawa on April 1, 1945, was the largest amphibious assault in the Pacific Theater of World War II. [ 21] [22] The 82-day battle lasted from April 1 until June 22, 1945. After a long campaign of island hopping, the Allies were planning to use Okinawa, a large island only 340 mi (550 km) away from mainland Japan, as a base for air operations for the planned invasion of the Japanese home islands. The United States created the Tenth Army, a cross-branch force consisting of the 7th, 27th, 77th, and 96th infantry divisions of the US Army with the 1st, 2nd, and 6th divisions of the Marine Corps, to fight on the island. The Tenth was unique in that it had its own tactical air force (joint Army-Marine command), and was also supported by combined naval and amphibious forces."
}
] |
619935
|
what did the coercive act do
|
[
{
"docid": "D483041#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intolerable_Acts\nIntolerable Acts",
"text": "\"This article is part of a series about the American Revolution1765–1783Origins Revolutionary War Declaration of Independence United States Constitution A New Republic Legacyv t e The Intolerable Acts was the term used by American Patriots for a series of punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 after the Boston Tea Party. The laws were meant to punish the Massachusetts colonists for their defiance in the Boston Tea Party protest in reaction to changes in taxation by the British to the detriment of Colonial goods. In Great Britain, these laws were referred to as the Coercive Acts. The acts took away self-governance and historic rights of Massachusetts, triggering outrage and resistance in the Thirteen Colonies. They were key developments in the outbreak of the American Revolution in 1775. Four of the acts were issued in direct response to the Boston Tea Party of December 16, 1773. The British Parliament hoped these punitive measures would, by making an example of Massachusetts, reverse the trend of colonial resistance to parliamentary authority that had begun with the 1764 Sugar Act. A fifth act, the Quebec Act, enlarged the boundaries of what was then the Province of Quebec and instituted reforms generally favorable to the French Catholic inhabitants of the region; although unrelated to the other four Acts, it was passed in the same legislative session and seen by the colonists as one of the Intolerable Acts. The Patriots viewed the acts as an arbitrary violation of the rights of Massachusetts, and in September 1774 they organized the First Continental Congress to coordinate a protest. As tensions escalated, the American Revolutionary War broke out in April 1775, leading in July 1776 to the declaration of an independent United States of America."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D2716752#0",
"title": "http://classroom.synonym.com/impact-first-continental-congress-revolution-14642.html\nThe Impact That the First Continental Congress Had on the Revolution",
"text": "\"Home » Classroom The Impact That the First Continental Congress Had on the Revolution By Aatif Rashid The Boston Tea Party, depicted here, caused Britain to pass the Coercive Acts, which led to the formation of the First Continental Congress. The First Continental Congress was a meeting of 56 delegates from 12 American colonies (except Georgia) that occurred in September of 1774. Organized in response to the so-called Coercive Acts enacted by Great Britain earlier that year, the main accomplishments of the Congress was to formalize a boycott of British goods and to set up a Second Continental Congress the next year. The Congress also introduced, and to an extent settled, the debate between the colonies as to whether they should declare independence or remain a part of Britain. Background The Congress was called in response to the Coercive Acts, known in the colones as the Intolerable Acts, passed in 1774. These acts were a response to the Boston Tea Party of 1773 and designed as punishment, and included four different acts which closed the Boston port, brought the Massachusetts government under direct British control, allowed royal officials accused of crimes to be tried in Britain rather than the colonies, and forced private citizens to quarter British troops in their homes. Boycott The first major accomplishment of the Continental Congress was a boycott of British goods. Previously, in 1764, the colonists had boycotted British goods in response to the unpopular Stamp Act, which had in 1765 led to that Act's repeal. In 1774, after the colonies agreed on a boycott, imports from Great Britain dropped substantially, and while this may only have had a small effect on British industry, it represented an ability among the colonies to work towards a common goal. Second Continental Congress The other major accomplishment of the delegates was the establishment of a Second Continental Congress in May of 1775, which set the precedent for future meetings."
},
{
"docid": "D466495#0",
"title": "https://aifs.gov.au/publications/sibling-sexual-abuse/what-sibling-sexual-abuse\nWhat is sibling sexual abuse?",
"text": "\"What is sibling sexual abuse? Exactly what constitutes sibling 3 sexual abuse is a matter of contention and confusion for abused siblings, abusing siblings, family members and professionals (Hatch & Hayman-White, 2001; Pratt et al., 2010; Rowntree, 2007). There are some indicators that may be useful in the identification of sibling sexual abuse for parents and professionals, however they are marked by inconsistencies between studies and cover cultural, therapeutic and legal frameworks. Krienert and Walsh (2011) suggested that definitional inconsistencies create fractured knowledge that restricts policy-makers and therapeutic agents \"\"from making informed decisions in the interest of reducing the prevalence and scope of sibling sexual abuse\"\" (p. 350). Following is a discussion of the most debated and significant aspects related to defining sibling sexual abuse contained in the reviewed literature. Age difference between the abused and the abuser One of the most widely cited research studies into childhood sexual abuse was conducted by Finkelhor (1980) who based his definition of sexual abuse between children on differences in age (Rayment & Owen, 1999). The age gap that constituted abuse was 5 years or more. There is still debate around how big the age difference is before mutuality gives way to coercion but much of the literature indicates between 2-5 years difference (Carlson et al., 2006)."
},
{
"docid": "D2350900#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/At_the_first_continental_congress_what_significant_action_did_delegates_take_against_the_british\nAt the first continental congress what significant action did delegates take against the british?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Founding Fathers At the first continental congress what significant action did delegates take against the british? Flag At the first continental congress what significant action did delegates take against the british? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. The First Continental Congress petitioned the English crown for redress of certain grievances. Those grievances primarily consisted of the passage of what was known as Coercive Acts by the British, which were the punishment of the colonists for the Boston Tea Party.1 person found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No What action did the first continental congress take? Approved a plan to boycott british goods. What action did the first continental congress take first? they suck!!!!!! dats what happen:)Peter Zavon 201,985 Contributions Why did the delegates attend the First Continental Congress?"
},
{
"docid": "D2516844#0",
"title": "http://www.mapsofworld.com/usa/american-revolution/coercive-acts.html\nCoercive Acts (Intolerable Acts)",
"text": "\"Share Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts)The Coercive Acts, also known as the Intolerable Acts, were a series of Acts passed by the British Parliament following the Boston Tea Party. \"\" The Americans have tarred and feathered your subjects, plundered your merchants, burnt your ships, denied all obedience to your laws and authority; yet so clement and so long forbearing has our conduct been that it is incumbent on us now to take a different course. Whatever may be the consequences, we must risk something; if we do not, all is over.\"\" -Prime Minister Lord North, defending the Coercive Acts in Britain After the Boston Tea Party, the British felt they needed to punish the people of Boston to demonstrate their power to legislate on the colonies, as asserted by the Declaratory Act. When Lord North assumed office in Britain, he proposed the idea of imposing these Acts on the colonies, which the king approved. Prime Minister North feared that something serious was in order,declaring,\"\"We must risk something; if we do not, all is over. \"\" What were the provisions of the Coercive Acts? Also known as the Intolerable Acts, the Coercive Acts were a series of Acts meant to punish the colonies by restricting trade, and in turn,making an example out of Boston so the rebellion of the rest of the colonies would be subdued. The Acts included: Boston Port Act: This sealed off the Boston Port from conducting any trade, until the East India Company had been repaid the damage from the Boston Tea Party and the king endorsed the resumption of trade. Massachusetts Government Act: This act ordained that government officials would be appointed by the governor or the king."
},
{
"docid": "D393375#0",
"title": "http://www.theroadtoemmaus.org/RdLb/21PbAr/Hst/US/PatHenLbDth.htm\nGive Me Liberty or Give Me Death Patrick Henry",
"text": "\"Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death Patrick Henry [See comment at end on Christians, freedom, coercive force, pacifism, etc. ] On 20 March 1775, The Second Virginia Convention convened at St. John's Church in Richmond. They assembled to consider weighty matters concerning the tyranny and oppression of the Crown. Many favored continued conciliatory measures. A thirty-nine year old delegate from Hanover County named Patrick Henry took a seat in the third pew. Here sat a man with a burden. He knew he faced \"\"an irresolute body; that he would be opposed by the powerful, wealthy, Tory element among the members. He realized that the Loyalists were insidiously entrenched and the outcome was uncertain. Patrick Henry's risk was tremendous - one that could easily bring him to the block.\"\" 1But Mr. Henry feared not man that can destroy only the body - he feared God who can destroy both body and soul. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D2795802#0",
"title": "http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-19650187\nDomestic violence initiative: Expert opinions",
"text": "\"Domestic violence initiative: Expert opinions19 September 2012Share The Home Office is to widen the definition of domestic abuse in England and Wales to include those aged 16 and 17 as well as a wider range of intimidating or threatening behaviour, so-called coercive control. Experts have welcomed the initiative but some have highlighted challenges that remain to ensure victims are protected. ' Changing mindsets'Professor Marianne Hester, head of the Centre for Gender and Violence Research at the University of Bristol, says the nature of domestic violence in society is often misunderstood and believes the new guidelines will help change people's \"\"mindset\"\" of what it involves. \"\" Up to now the Home Office definition of domestic violence has been about individual acts of behaviour when it is often about a pattern of power and control over time. By recognising coercive control, you acknowledge such a pattern exists. \"\" Lowering the age classification was important as the highest rate of domestic violence is for people between the age of 16 and 25 and the 16 to 18 group were not being identified. This begins to overcome that problem. \"\"' New law needed'Lawyer Rachel Horman from Blackburn-based Watson Ramsbotton helps victims of domestic violence and wonders if the failure to introduce a new law will hinder prosecutions. \"\" The government is expecting police to use existing legislation under the Protection from Harassment Act. But it is very under-used... and without a real investment in... training the police, the CPS and even the judiciary in relation to the devastating effects of psychological abuse can have on victims, I'm worried that it still won't be taken seriously and it will still just be seen as couples arguing. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D1342367#0",
"title": "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/sanction\nsanction",
"text": "\"sanction Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Financial, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia .sanc·tion (săngk′shən)n.1. Authoritative permission or approval that makes a course of action valid. See Synonyms at permission.2. Support or encouragement, as from public opinion or established custom.3. A consideration, influence, or principle that dictates an ethical choice.4.a. The penalty for noncompliance with a law or legal order.b. A penalty, specified or in the form of moral pressure, that acts to ensure compliancewith a social standard or norm.c. A coercive measure adopted usually by several nations acting together against a nation violating international law.tr.v. sanc·tioned, sanc·tion·ing, sanc·tions1. To give official authorization or approval to: voting rights that are sanctioned by law.2."
},
{
"docid": "D1849211#0",
"title": "http://www.compuhigh.com/demo/amhist/lesson05.html\nLESSON 5 - The Road to Independence",
"text": "\"LESSON 5 - The Road to Independence Lesson Objectives: Student will understand the influence of regular colonial citizens through public policy and desires Student will evaluate political communication within the early colonial system and Great Britain Student will comprehend the positions of early colonial leaders before and during the American Revolutionary War Student will assess the impact of early British rule through geographic location and distance\"\"The Revolution was effected beforethe war commenced. The Revolution wasin the hearts and minds of the people.\"\" -- Former President John Adams, 1818Although some believe that the history of the American Revolution began long before the first shots were fired in 1775, England and America did not begin an overt parting of the ways until 1763, more than a century and a half after the founding of the first permanent settlement at Jamestown, Virginia. The colonies had grown vastly in economic strength and cultural attainment, and virtually all had long years of self-government behind them. In the 1760s their combined population exceeded 1,500,000 -- a sixfold increase since 1700. A NEW COLONIAL SYSTEMIn the aftermath of the French and Indian War, Britain needed a new imperial design, but the situation in America was anything but favorable to change. Long accustomed to a large measure of independence, the colonies were demanding more, not less, freedom, particularly now that the French menace had been eliminated. To put a new system into effect, and to tighten control, Parliament had to contend with colonists trained in self-government and impatient with interference. One of the first things that British attempted was the organization of the interior. The conquest of Canada and of the Ohio Valley necessitated policies that would not alienate the French and Indian inhabitants."
},
{
"docid": "D1043982#0",
"title": "http://www.cnn.com/2012/12/10/opinion/bergen-zero-dark-thirty/index.html\n'Zero Dark Thirty': Did torture really net bin Laden?",
"text": "\"'Zero Dark Thirty': Did torture really net bin Laden? By Peter Bergen, CNN National Security Analyst Updated 6:47 PM ET, Tue December 11, 2012JUST WATCHED'Zero Dark Thirty' torture controversy Replay MUST WATCH'Zero Dark Thirty' torture controversy 04:34Story highlights Peter Bergen: Major new film depicts torture as a key to the hunt for Osama bin Laden He says \"\"Zero Dark Thirty\"\" may distort debate because of its heavy focus on torture Whether torture is appropriate in interrogations continues to be debated, he says Bergen: A three-year Senate investigation may yield some answers\"\"Zero Dark Thirty\"\" is a likely shoo-in, deservedly, for Oscar nominations for best director (Kathryn Bigelow) and best screenplay (Mark Boal) and perhaps a slew of other categories. Jessica Chastain, who plays Maya, a CIA analyst who in the film is the key player in finding Osama bin Laden, is reminiscent of Cate Blanchett in both looks and talent. The movie is beautifully filmed, and the propulsive score moves the action forward effectively. Leaving aside its obvious merits as a film, how well does Zero Dark Thirty tell the complex tale of the decade-long hunt for bin Laden after 9/11? It's a valid question to ask since, after all, Bigelow told The New Yorker's Dexter Filkins, \"\"What we were attempting is almost a journalistic approach to film,\"\" and Boal told the Los Angeles Times, \"\"I wanted to approach the story as a screenwriter but do the homework as a reporter. \"\" Read more: Critics' prizes confirm 'Zero Dark Thirty' as Oscar favorite The compelling story told in the film captures a lot that is true about the search for al Qaeda's leader but also distorts the story in ways that could give its likely audience of millions of Americans the misleading picture that coercive interrogation techniques used by the CIA on al Qaeda detainees -- such as waterboarding, physical abuse and sleep deprivation -- were essential to finding bin Laden. Peter Bergen This week, the U. S. Senate Intelligence Committee plans to vote on whether to approve the as-yet unreleased findings of a 6,000-page report about its three-year investigation into the secret CIA interrogation program that is depicted in \"\"Zero Dark Thirty. \"\" This report promises to be the definitive assessment of the intelligence value of the CIA's coercive interrogation techniques. After the examination of millions of pages of evidence, the chairmen of the Senate Intelligence Committee and the Senate Armed Services Committee have publicly stated that coercive interrogation techniques such as waterboarding did not provide the information that led to bin Laden."
},
{
"docid": "D3153441#0",
"title": "https://www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-colonial-crisis-1750-1775-6/the-tea-party-and-the-coercive-acts-1770-1774-62/the-coercive-acts-379-9571/\nThe Tea Party and the Coercive Acts: 1770-1774",
"text": "The Calm Before the Storm The Tea Act of 1773 arose from the financial problems of the British East India Company and the dispute of Parliament’s authority over the colonies. Learning Objectives Examine the economic motivation behind enforcing the Tea Act Key Takeaways Key Points The Tea Act of 1773, and the subsequent Boston Tea Party, arose from two issues confronting the British Empire in 1775. The first issue was the financial problems of the British East India Company, one of Britain’s most important commercial institutions, which by late 1772, was in a serious financial crisis as a result of declining sales and increased taxes. The second contributing issue was an ongoing dispute about the extent of Parliament ‘s authority, if any, over the British American colonies without seating any elected representation. Parliament attempted to resolve these issues through the Tea Act, which in turn set the stage for the Boston Tea Party and eventually the American Revolution. The Tea Act retained the three pence duty on tea imported to the colonies. Some members of Parliament wanted to eliminate this tax, arguing that there was no reason to provoke another colonial controversy. Key Terms Boston Tea Party: A political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Massachusetts against the British government and the monopolistic East India Company that controlled an element of trade in the colonies. Overview The Tea Act of 1773, and the subsequent Boston Tea Party, arose from two issues confronting the British Empire in 1775: first, the financial problems of the British East India Company, and second, an ongoing dispute about the extent of Parliament’s authority, if any, over the British American colonies without seating any elected representation. Parliament attempted to resolve these issues through the Tea Act, which in turn set the stage for the Boston Tea Party and eventually the American Revolution."
},
{
"docid": "D3560728#0",
"title": "http://www.endvawnow.org/en/articles/398-definition-of-domestic-violence.html\nDefinition of domestic violence",
"text": "\"Definition of domestic violence Legislation should include a definition of domestic violence that includes physical and sexual violence and coercive control. Drafters should consider limiting the intervention of the criminal justice system and courts that issue protection orders to cases involving physical and sexual violence, the threat of such violence and coercive control, as described below. Although some countries incorporate concepts such as psychological (sometimes referred to as mental or emotional) or economic violence in their definitions of domestic violence, including these terms in the law can have unintended consequences that undermine the protection of victims of domestic violence. Because of the difficulty in defining psychological and economic violence, including these terms in the definition of domestic violence creates a risk that violent abusers will manipulate the purpose of the law by claiming that they have been psychologically or economically abused by their victims. For example, an angry or disgruntled violent abuser may seek a protection order against his wife because she used his property. Or, an abuser may claim that physical violence is an appropriate response to his wife’s insults. Even when abusers do not turn claims of psychological and economic violence against their victims, these types of abuse may be very difficult to prove in legal proceedings. It is recommended that drafters replace the terms psychological and economic violence with the term coercive control. “ Coercive control” includes psychological and economic violence but does so in a way that links the concepts to a pattern of domination through intimidation, isolation, degradation, and deprivation as well as physical assault. The abuser’s tactics may include controlling how the victim dresses, cleans, cooks, or performs sexually."
},
{
"docid": "D1257165#0",
"title": "http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h647.html\nThe Coercive Acts",
"text": "\"The Coercive Acts Properly known as the Restraining Acts, the Coercive Acts, as they were popularly known in England, were introduced in 1774 by the new government of Lord North, who acted with the direct encouragement of George III. Several voices of caution had been raised in Parliament, particularly those of Edmund Burke and Lord Chatham, who feared that stern measures were charting a course no one really wanted to follow; their advice, however, was not heeded. This legislation's purpose was to restore order in Massachusetts, following the Boston Tea Party and other acts of defiance. The Intolerable Acts, as they were known in America, included the following: Boston Port Act (June 1, 1774)Quartering Act (June 2, 1774)Administration of Justice Act (May 20, 1774)Massachusetts Government Act (May 20, 1774)Parliament followed the enactment of these measures with the passage of the Quebec Act, an unrelated piece of legislation, but one that was regarded by the colonists as equally \"\"intolerable. \"\" Responses came in several forms. Massachusetts, long viewed with suspicion by the other colonies, now received the sympathy and grudging respect of its neighbors. Also, moderates in both England and America were surprised by the harshness of the measures and many began drifting toward radical views. Perhaps the most important result of the Coercive Acts was the summoning of the First Continental Congress in Philadelphia, in September 1774. See timeline of the American Revolution. Off-site search results for \"\"The Coercive Acts\"\"... WPI Department of Military Science - The Intolerable or Coercive Acts ... the colonies to the heal of the King The Intolerable or Coercive Acts Quartering Act: Established March 24, 1765 This bill required that Colonial Authorities to furnish barracks and supplies to British troops."
},
{
"docid": "D214727#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/3078231/chapter-5-flash-cards/\nChapter 5",
"text": "\"56 terms jazzie543Chapter 5Flashcards More ways to study Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads In 1763 how did Great Britain try to end troubles with the Native Americans ? Stopping western settlement would go in an orderly way Why did the actions of how Great Britain try to end troubles w/ Native Americans alarm the colonists ? thought large number of British troops in Native America might be used to interfere with their liberties .why did george Greenville allow customs officers to obtain general writs of assistance ? juries often found smugglers innocent, in 1763 convinced parliament to pass a law allowing smugglers to be vice admiralty courts . What was the purpose of the sugar act? stop smuggling , so tax revenue increased.how did the smuggling courts created by the sugar act differ from regular courts ? Vice- admiralty courts violated their rights to a trial by jury.what was taxed under the stamp act ? all printed materialon what 2 points did opposition to the stamp act focus ? parliament interfered in colonial affairs by taxing the colonies directly and it taxed the colonists without their consent . What did Patrick Henry do to oppose the stamp act ?"
},
{
"docid": "D1849212#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_did_the_intolerable_Acts_unite_the_colonies\nHow did the intolerable Acts unite the colonies?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History American Revolution The Intolerable Acts How did the intolerable Acts unite the colonies? Flag How did the intolerable Acts unite the colonies? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. The Intolerable Acts helped unite the colonists. It helped unite them because the colonists supported Boston. The committees of correspondence spread the news of the Intolerable Acts. People from other colonies responded quickly to help the people of Boston, who faced hunger while the port was closed. This was partially because of the Boston Tea Party.16 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Don Dfoofnik 4,378,274 Contributions There are three kinds of answers: ones that are mostly right, ones that are mostly wrong, and those that once were right but now are wrong. What was the colonial reaction to The Intolerable Acts?"
},
{
"docid": "D1504977#0",
"title": "http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/tea-act\nTea Act",
"text": "Crisis in Britain In 1763, the British Empire emerged as the victor of the Seven Years’ War (1756-63). Although the victory greatly expanded the empire’s imperial holdings, it also left it with a massive national debt, and the British government looked to its North American colonies as an untapped source of revenue. In 1765, the British Parliament passed the Stamp Act, the first direct, internal tax that it had ever levied on the colonists. The colonists resisted the new tax, arguing that only their own elective colonial assemblies could tax them, and that “taxation without representation” was unjust and unconstitutional. After the British government rejected their arguments, the colonists resorted to physical intimidation and mob violence to prevent the collection of the stamp tax. Recognizing that the Stamp Act was a lost cause, Parliament repealed it in 1766. Did You Know? Each year around the anniversary of the Boston Tea Party, a re-enactment party is thrown in Boston and visitors can tour replicas of the Dartmouth, the Beaver and the Eleanor, the three ships that were docked in the Boston Harbor and loaded with the East India Company's tea. Parliament did not, however, renounce its right to tax the colonies or otherwise enact legislation over them. In 1767, Charles Townshend (1725-67), Britain’s new chancellor of the Exchequer (an office that placed him in charge of collecting the government’s revenue), proposed a law known as the Townshend Revenue Act."
},
{
"docid": "D1842485#0",
"title": "http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/parliament-completes-the-coercive-acts-with-the-quartering-act\nParliament completes the Coercive Acts with the Quartering Act",
"text": "American Revolution1774Parliament completes the Coercive Acts with the Quartering Act Share this:facebook twitter google+Print Cite On this day in 1774, the British Parliament renews the Quartering Act, allowing Redcoats to stay in private American homes if necessary. The Quartering Act, in conjunction with the Massachusetts Government Act, the Administration of Justice Act and the Boston Port Act, were known as the Coercive Acts. News of 342 chests of tea dumped into Boston Harbor on December 16, 1773, in what was dubbed the Boston Tea Party, reached Britain in January 1774. Disgusted by the colonists’ action against private property, the British Parliament quickly decided upon the Coercive Acts as a means of reasserting British control over the colonies and punishing Boston. As of May 20, 1774, the Massachusetts Government Act curtailed democracy in Massachusetts by altering the colonial charter of 1691 to reduce the power of elective officials and to increase that of the royal governor. On the same day, the passing of the Administration of Justice Act ensured that royal officials charged with capital crimes would not be tried in the colonies, but in Britain. On June 1, 1774, the Boston Port Act demanded payment for the destroyed tea before the port could reopen for any imports but food. On June 2, 1774, Parliament completed its punishment by expanding the Quartering Act to allow soldiers to board in occupied private homes. In its original incarnation, the Quartering Act of 1765 had merely demanded that colonists provide barracks for British soldiers. In Boston, those barracks were on an isolated island in Boston Harbor."
},
{
"docid": "D603030#0",
"title": "https://www.nlrb.gov/rights-we-protect/whats-law/employers/interfering-employee-rights-section-7-8a1\nInterfering with employee rights (Section 7 & 8 (a) (1))",
"text": "\"Home » Rights We Protect » What's the Law? » Employers Interfering with employee rights (Section 7 & 8 (a) (1))Employees have the right to unionize, to join together to advance their interests as employees, and to refrain from such activity. It is unlawful for an employer to interfere with, restrain, or coerce employees in the exercise of their rights. For example, employers may not respond to a union organizing drive by threatening, interrogating, or spying on pro-union employees, or by promising benefits if they forget about the union. Section 7 of the National Labor Relations Act (the Act) guarantees employees \"\"the right to self-organization, to form, join, or assist labor organizations, to bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing, and to engage in other concerted activities for the purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection,\"\" as well as the right \"\"to refrain from any or all such activities. \"\" Section 8 (a) (1) of the Act makes it an unfair labor practice for an employer \"\"to interfere with, restrain, or coerce employees in the exercise of the rights guaranteed in Section 7\"\" of the Act. For example, you may not Threaten employees with adverse consequences, such as closing the workplace, loss of benefits, or more onerous working conditions, if they support a union, engage in union activity, or select a union to represent them. Threaten employees with adverse consequences if they engage in protected, concerted activity. ( Activity is \"\"concerted\"\" if it is engaged in with or on the authority of other employees, not solely by and on behalf of the employee himself. It includes circumstances where a single employee seeks to initiate, induce, or prepare for group action, as well as where an employee brings a group complaint to the attention of management."
},
{
"docid": "D279462#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_purpose_of_the_Continental_Association\nWhat was the purpose of the Continental Association?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History American Revolution What was the purpose of the Continental Association? Flag What was the purpose of the Continental Association? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. The Continental Association was created by the First Continental Congress in response to the passage of the Coercive (or Intolerable) Acts by the British government over the American colonies. In essence, the Association was a group of representatives which came together in Philadelphia with the intent on deciding which of the Coercive Acts they wanted to repeal. In the end they adopted three actions which went against the Acts. The first action called for the non-importation of British goods after December 1st, 1774. The second was for the non-consumption of British products after March 1st, 1775. And the third called for the non-exportation of American goods to Britain and the British West Indies after September 10th, 1775. Despite the challenges these adaptations posed for the Colonists, they were carefully designed to appeal to different groups and regions across the American colonies.45 people found this useful Was this answer useful?"
},
{
"docid": "D1539258#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/32119292/leadership-flash-cards/\nLeadership",
"text": "68 terms claygklm11Leadership Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Distributive Justice giving an employee a merit based pay raise is an example of High - High Jim is manager of wendy's he is concerned with efficiency and keeping employees happy. Style type of leadership Prescriptive Situational Leadership is primarily Blake and Mouton Which scholar or scholars developed the leadership grid? Scripted During the stranger phase of leadership making. Roles are... Contingent Reward Which is not a factor of tranformational leadership? Authoritative Which of the following leadership traits is more likely to belong to men than women. Self - Protective Leadership According to Anglo culture cluster the least desirable leader behavior. Creating the greatest good for the greatest number Utilitarianism is... Reward Power You were told you needed to work weekends your supervisor gives you a pay raise in return. What type of power are they using?different situations demand different kinds of leadership which of the following statements best describes situational leadership False One of the advantages of the trait approach is that it provides a fairly strong set of difinitive leadership traits needed in order to be True The strength of teh transformational model is that emphasis it places on leaders and follower needs values and morals True No single accepted definition of authentic leadership False Contingency theory suggest that leaders style is more important than the leadership context False Servant Leadership can be effective in any organization context."
},
{
"docid": "D2424586#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_act_was_passed_after_the_boston_tea_party\nWhat act was passed to punish the colonies for the Boston Tea Party?",
"text": "\"What act was passed to punish the colonies for the Boston Tea Party? Intolerable Acts Edit Parliament passed the coercive acts after the Boston tea party?intolerable acts Edit Tea Act Boston Tea Party?well it was the Tea act and the it was the boston tea party. :] Edit What Acts were passed as a result of the Boston Tea Party?¨The Intolerable Acts¨ which were meant to specifically punish Boston & Massachusetts for the Boston tea party. Edit In response to the Boston tea party in 1774 the british parliament passed the what act? Coercive acts Edit What act were passed as a result of the Boston Tea Party? After the Boston Tea Party the Brtitish shut down the Boston Ports until all the money was paid for dumping the tea. Nothing could be brought in or out of Boston so people wer …What Act did the British pass and impose on the Colonists after the Boston Tea Party? Townshend Act Edit Ps2freak1010 6 Contributions Name of the acts passed by the British in response to the Boston Tea Party? The Coercive Acts which were called The \"\"Intolerable Acts.\"\" by the colonists."
}
] |
619942
|
what did the color turquoise represent in egypt
|
[
{
"docid": "D949806#0",
"title": "http://www.durangosilver.com/turqsymbolism.htm\nTurquoise Symbolism",
"text": "Turquoise Symbolism There are many associations in Astrological symbols and symbolism of Astrology, Ayurvedic, Hindu Astrology, Lucky Charms that are associated with gemstone or crystals, crystal healing, spiritualism, new Age, gems, minerals, mining, spirits vibrations and Chakra, as well as mystical numerology and psychic supernatural investigations. It is rare in Cherokee, Medium but is elegant and found often in crucifixes. With all the legend and myth surrounding turquoise, it has come to symbolize many things in modern life. Many ancient cultures held beliefs about Turquoise. In Greece, Turkey, Egypt, and Tibet Turquoise represents purity. Because of its color, it is an ancient symbol of the sky. The ancients of the Native Indian Americans believe that Turquoise was such a strong symbol of prosperity and possitivity that it would scare away demons. Birthstone: It is the Jeweler’s Birthstone for December. Anniversaries: Turquoise is the gemstone for the 11th year of marriage. National Gemstone: It is the National Gem of Iran."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D85300#0",
"title": "https://www.oxygenbarsales.com/what-is-chromotherapy/\nWHAT IS CHROMOTHERAPY?",
"text": "WHAT IS CHROMOTHERAPY? What is Color Therapy or Chromotherapy? Color therapy, also known as chromotherapy, is often facilitated in the healing rooms or homes of alternative health practitioners. Sometimes called colorology, color therapy is now classified as a form of alternative medicine. Color therapists use light in the form of color to balance “energy” lacking from a person’s body, whether it be on a physical, emotional, spiritual, or mental level. How does Color Therapy work? While still in our mother’s womb, we are enveloped in a calming and comforting pink. From the time we are born until the time we die, we associate color in our learning processes. Subconsciously, we associate feelings, memories, and meanings to different colors. We can even have aversions and prejudices to colors, which have happy, sad, or frightening connotations for us."
},
{
"docid": "D1747544#0",
"title": "http://education.seattlepi.com/did-ancient-egyptians-materials-make-art-5541.html\nWhere Did the Ancient Egyptians Get the Materials to Make Art?",
"text": "Written by Maria Magher Related Articles1How Did the Nile River Influence Egyptian Art?2The Influence of the Geography of Ancient Israel on Daily Life3What Are Five Ways That the Groundwater Supply Can Be Polluted?4What Role Do Fungi Play in Food Chains? Ancient Egyptians had distinctive styles and forms for their art work, ranging from painted hieroglyphics, to stone statues, to carved, wooden sarcophagi. However, ancient Egyptians did not have the advanced tools or materials that are available to modern artists. They took advantage of natural stone and wood, imported some materials, and made other items like pigment and stone tools. The result was art work that, in some cases, looks as good centuries later as it did when it was created. Collection of Stones Egyptians had a number of natural stones at their disposal to create art. Limestone, sandstone, calcite and schist were native to the Nile River Valley, and healthy trade routes with countries like Afghanistan made stones like lapis lazuli easy to obtain. The softer stones, like limestone and sandstone, were used to create reliefs. Harder stones, like granite from Aswan or basalt from Faiyum, were reserved for temples and tombs. Flint and other hard stone was used to carve the softer rocks, while copper and bronze tools were used to carve the harder stones."
},
{
"docid": "D29894#0",
"title": "http://preciousstonesofthebible.com/stonegallery.html\n.",
"text": "\"homeshopgallery of stonescolor symbolismcontact PRECIOUS STONES OF THE BIBLEThroughout history, in every civilization, gemstones have been highly prized and sought after. The Bible makes numerous references to jewels and precious stones. In Exodus 28:21 the Lord ordains precious stones to be used in the making of the breastpiece of the High Priests’ garments. Zechariah 9:16 says that the Lord’s people will be like jewels in a crown. In Revelation 21:19-20, John names twelve stones that adorn the foundation of the New Jerusalem. The difficulty has been in knowing the exact identity of the stones named. It has only been since the mid-1800’s that we have begun to identify stones according to their mineral content. In Bible times stones were identified by color, such as the Hebrew term odem which simply means “red stone.” This could have been any number of red stones known at the time (i.e. red jasper, carnelian, garnet). As more information surfaces thanks to archaeological findings and the writings of ancient historians such as Theophrastus (372-287 BC), Elder Pliny (23-79 AD), and Josephus (37-100 AD), we are able to come a bit closer to making some identifications sure."
},
{
"docid": "D825353#0",
"title": "https://crystal-cure.com/article-egypt-gemstones.html\n",
"text": "\"Gemstone Articles Ancient Egypt: Precious Metals and Gemstones Ancient Egypt is renowned for its iconic art and architecture. The motifs and symbols found in the carvings and sculptures of the ancient Egyptians are widely recognized around the world. The Egyptians mastered the skills of metallurgy, mining, and the crafting of jewelry using gemstones. The Precious Metals of Ancient Egypt The first metal that the ancient Egyptians used was copper, which they mined in the valleys east of the Nile river up to 5,000 years ago. By 2,000 B. C. E. the Egyptians were adding tin to copper in order to make bronze, which was a much harder and stronger metal. They used the same smelting process for silver, which was referred to as the \"\"white metal.\"\" Silver was valued even more highly than gold. Gold, however, was believed to be a divine metal, and was said to resemble the sun, perhaps because of its shininess and radiance. Egyptians believed that gold was the flesh of the sun god Ra and that the bones of the gods were made of silver. Death masks and funeral art for the pharaohs were made from gold, and up until 1350 B. C. E. gold was described as being more plentiful than dirt."
},
{
"docid": "D2638502#0",
"title": "http://godsoutreachministryint.org/PrayerShawl.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Jewish Prayer-Shawl explained Contents:1 Jewish Prayer-Shawl in Scripture...2 The Tallit is the Jewish prayer shawl3 Representation of the Torah's 613 prohibitions & affirmations4 The ineffable Holy Name of G-d!5 Halakhah ” means “ walk ” or \"\" Teaching's6 \"\"Shuts out” the world around you...7 To recite a blessing, thanking G‑d (YHVH - Ha Shem} - צִיצִת -Tzitzis8 Techelet (Blue Thread)9 The strings of the tzitzit & Tallit must be inspected, to ensure that they are still kosher!10 Prayer shawl - common use11 What is the deeper significance of the Tallit?12 So what is a woman who wishes to wear a tallit to do?13 Kabbalah teaches...14 To remove a Tallit before entering...15 Tallis/Tzitzis, according the Chumash16 Fringes of the Garment17 The woman with the 12 years of blood issue18 The \"\"mantle\"\" of Elijah19 Related Links20 Resources Jewish Prayer-Shawl in Scripture... And the L-rd said to Moses, Speak to the Israelites and bid them make fringes {or} tassels on the corners in the borders of their garments throughout their generations, and put upon the fringe of the borders {or} upon the tassel of each corner a cord of blue. And it shall be to you a fringe {or} tassel that you may look upon and remember all the commandments of the L-rd and do them, that you may not spy out {and} follow after [the desires of] your own heart and your own eyes, after which you used to follow {and} play the harlot [spiritually, if not physically], That you may remember and do all My commandments and be holy to your G-d. I am the L-rd your G-d, Who brought you out of the land of Egypt to be your G-d. I am the L-rd your G-d. ( Numbers15:37-41)The Tallit is the Jewish prayer shawl The Tallit is the Jewish prayer shawl, the most authentic Jewish garment used during prayer that reminds the wearer of both G-d's Covenant and His Commandments that a believer must follow. During prayers, the custom is to wear a large rectangular garment with tzitzit ( tallis gadol) and pray while wrapped in it. G-d gave His people a visual “picture” that would cause them to remember all the (613) commandments of the L-rd, and do them; so that they would not follow after their own heart and their own eyes! In ancient Israel man wore a four cornered tunic, and these tassels were connected to that tunic. The tassels were tied to the four corners of their garment {Prayer-Shawl}. This outer garment eventually throughout history became known as a (Hebrew) “Talith” (Jewish Prayer-Shawl)! It eventually evolved into a more formal Prayer-Shawl, which is what most Jewish people wear in their Synagogue of congregation or in a “Holy place”!Representation of the Torah's 613 prohibitions & affirmations Why the tassels?"
},
{
"docid": "D1944260#0",
"title": "https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/gemstones/sp14-95/turquoise.html\n.",
"text": "\"SP-14-95Turquoise Figure 12. -- Carved turquoise from Arizona (Photo is courtesy of the author.) Turquoise, the robin's egg blue gemstone worn by Pharaohs and Aztec Kings, is probably one of the oldest gemstones known. Yet, only its prized blue color, a color so distinctive that its name is used to describe any color that resembles it, results in its being used as a gemstone. Turquoise has been, since about 200 B. C., extensively used by both southwestern U. S. Native Americans and by many of the Indian tribes in Mexico. The Native American Jewelry or \"\"Indian style\"\" jewelry with turquoise mounted in or with silver is relatively new. Some believe this style of Jewelry was unknown prior to about 1880, when a white trader persuaded a Navajo craftsman to make turquoise and silver jewelry using coin silver. Prior to this time, the Native Americans had made solid turquoise beads, carvings, and inlaid mosaics. Recently, turquoise has found wide acceptance among people of all walks of life and from many different ethnic groups. The name turquoise may have come from the word Turquie, French for Turkey, because of the early belief that the mineral came from that country (the turquoise most likely came from Alimersai Mountain in Persia (now Iran) or the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt, two of the world's oldest known turquoise mining areas.)"
},
{
"docid": "D1249693#0",
"title": "https://www.gemselect.com/other-info/ancient-egyptian-gemstone-jewelry.php\n.",
"text": "Ancient Egyptian Gemstone Jewelry The first evidence of jewelry making in ancient Egypt dates back to 4000 BC. In ancient Egypt both men and women were great lovers of jewelry and adorned themselves with a profusion of trinkets. Jewelry also showed wealth and status and offered protection from evil. This protection was available for those dead or alive and was thought to bring prosperity in both the present and the after life. Ancient Egyptian Necklace There was a variety of jewelry including amulets, necklaces, pendants, bracelets, rings, head jewelry, anklets, diadems, collars and insignia. Many of the ancient Egyptian methods for cutting gemstones have been lost, but the quality is still there today. Although the Egyptians had access to many precious gemstones, they preferred to use softer, semi-precious stones such carnelian, jasper, lapis lazuli, malachite, quartz and turquoise. The color of the jewelry and gemstones was very important to the Egyptians, since certain colors were thought to provide protection against evil and good luck. In many ancient cultures royalty was represented by the color blue, and this was especially true in ancient Egypt, making lapis lazuli one of the most prized of all gemstones. Lapis & Carnelian Pendant Turquoise is another opaque gemstone that was favored by the Egyptians."
},
{
"docid": "D1715560#0",
"title": "http://www.alexandrite.net/chapters/chapter7/\nAlexandrite Synthetics and Imitations",
"text": "\"Alexandrite Synthetics and Imitations\"\"My husband gave me a necklace. It's fake. I requested fake. Maybe I'm paranoid, but in this day and age, I don't want something around my neck that's worth more than my head.\"\" Rita Rudner ( US comedian)Since many of the most popular gemstones are so expensive, there is always a strong market for stones that look the same but cost much less. Especially in large sizes the costs of the most popular natural gemstones are prohibitive for the average consumer. More information Methods of producing synthetic alexandrite Synthetic gemstone growth techniques The Alexandrite Laser Manmade gemstone imitators can be classified as simulants or synthetics. A simulant looks like and may be used in place of a gemstone but does not share any of the chemical or physical properties with that gemstone. Conversely, a synthetic is a manmade gemstone with the same appearance, chemical formula, and crystallographic structure as the natural gemstone it is imitating. Glass, plastics, and ceramics are the most common and least expensive simulants and they are used as substitutes for many kinds of popular gem materials like diamonds, turquoise, coral, jade, pearls, sapphires, rubies, sapphires and emeralds."
},
{
"docid": "D2600009#0",
"title": "https://thepurplepeacepapyrus.wordpress.com/2011/03/12/egyptian-faience/\nWhat is Faience",
"text": "\"What is Faience Egyptian Faience is a form of ceramic that today is found mostly in private collections or museums dedicated to Ancient Egypt. Traditionally it can be found in the region of the Mediterranean, near East and Egypt. It was much used by the Ancient Egyptians and is today acknowledge as the first “high-tech ceramic” to have existed. The name faience comes from a tin-glazed earthenware found in Ferenze, Northern Italy in the late medieval period. Today this type of earthenware is called majolica. Egyptian Faience was used for the same sort of things earthenware would be used for and bore a resemblance to majolica in that both have glazes that make them look shiny. Infact the Egyptian’s called faience thenet which derived from the words for dazzling or shinning. How is Faience made The Egyptian faience differed from tin-glazed earthenware in that it is a non-clay form of ceramic. Its three basic ingredients are Silica from sand (quartz) Lime-calcium hydroxide Plant ash or natron (salt)It usually has a soda-lime silica glaze which is bright blue-green due to the presence of copper. By nature Faience is thixotropic."
},
{
"docid": "D458814#0",
"title": "http://birthstonemonth.com/\nBirthstone Colors",
"text": "Birthstone Colors What are birthstones? Your birthstone color determined by the month you were born in. Most birthstones by definition are gems, however, all of them are minerals. Some of the most popular gems include diamonds, rubies, and pearls. The United States has created an official birthstone list, assigning a different color for each month of the year. It consists of 12 different minerals, each with varying gems of multiple colors. Since the beginning of time, humans have associated various gems and stones with symbolic events. These events can include anything from anniversaries and birthdays to biblical meanings and astrology. Throughout history the use of stones is evident in many ways. Since the beginning of humans, we’ve been making jewelry out of common objects such as shells."
},
{
"docid": "D2090542#0",
"title": "http://www.boliviabella.com/turquoise.html\nTurquoise",
"text": "Turquoiseby Charisma Bolivia (Handmade in Bolivia - Ships from Fresno, California)Turquoise is a cryptocrystalline material which forms when copper is transported in water and interacts with phosphorous and aluminum-bearing rocks. Natural turquoise will have veins and inclusions, most often brown in color. Composite turquoise is man-made and produced by grinding the natural stone to a powder and reshaping it using molds and liquid adhesive, which later hardens. It is the copper that gives turquoise its blue green color. Peruvian turquoise, for example, is more green than blue. Turquoise is also produced in Chile, Persia, China, Egypt, Iran and Turkey. The name turquoise, means “Turkish” in French. Some Native American cultures believed that turquoise brought the energy of the sky down to the Earth and that brought luck, prevented injury, and could heal many illnesses. For this reason it became a tradition to adorn saddles and bridles with turquoise in order to protect both the horse and rider, one reason why turquoise is often associated with country western or southwestern fashion. Turquoise is believed to draw negative vibrations from the body, returning them to the ground so that the wearer can stay centered and feel at home in any environment."
},
{
"docid": "D2200921#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hathor\nHathor",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other uses, see Hathor (disambiguation). Hathor The goddess Hathor wearing her headdress, a sun disk with Uraeus set between the cow-horns Name in hieroglyphs Major cult center Dendera Symbol the cow, lioness, falcon, cobra, hippopotamus, Sistrum, musical instruments, drums, pregnant women, mirrors, cosmetics Personal information Consort Ra Offspring Ihy Amentet [1]Parents Ra Siblings Ra Hathor ( / ˈ h æ θ ɔːr / or / ˈ h æ θ ər /; [2] Egyptian: ḥwt-ḥr; in Greek: Ἅθωρ, meaning \"\"mansion of Horus \"\") [1] is an ancient Egyptian goddess who personified the principles of joy, feminine love, and motherhood. [ 3] She was one of the most important and popular deities throughout the history of ancient Egypt. Hathor was worshipped by royalty and common people alike. In tomb paintings, she is often depicted as \"\"Mistress of the West\"\", welcoming the dead into the next life. In other roles, she was a goddess of music, dance, foreign lands, and fertility. She was believed to assist women in childbirth. [ 4] She was also believed to be the patron goddess of miners. [ 5]The cult of Hathor predates the historic period, and the roots of devotion to her are therefore difficult to trace. Though it may be a development of predynastic cults that venerated fertility, and nature in general, represented by cows. ["
},
{
"docid": "D458812#0",
"title": "http://jewelryinfoplace.com/birthstones/\nBirthstones by Month â Overview",
"text": "Birthstones By Month – Overview Birthstone Chart January Birthstone – Garnet February Birthstone- Amethyst March Birthstone – Aquamarine April Birthstone – Diamond May Birthstone – Emerald June Birthstone – Pearl, Alexandrite, Moonstone July Birthstone – Ruby August Birthstone – Peridot September Birthstone – Sapphire October Birthstone – Opal November Birthstone – Topaz, Citrine December Birthstone – Turquoise, Tanzanite, Zircon Birthstones by Month – Overview Below is a list of the birthstones by month. Learn about the birthstone colors, the birthstone properties, the healing powers of the birthstone, the symbolism of the birthstone, where the birthstone can be found, and largest stone of its kind that has been found. Several months have more than one birthstone. The birthstone chart shows the birthstones’ colors for a quick reference. Birthstone Chart Click image to enlarge the birthstone chart. January Birthstone – Garnet January birthstone, garnet Garnet is the birthstone for January. While the most popular color of a garnet is reddish-brown, it is found in other colors such as purple, pink, violet, green, yellow, orange, red, brown, black, and even colorless. Garnets were used for beads and jewelry in ancient Egypt over 5,000 years ago. Garnet was very popular in ancient Rome and Greece, and in Sumeria, Sweden, and Europe during the Middle Ages. The garnet was used as a sacred stone by Indians throughout the world."
},
{
"docid": "D1566169#0",
"title": "http://www.perankhgroup.com/egyptian_art.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Egyptian Art Earliest History The art of pre dynastic Egypt (c.4000–3200 B. C. ), known from funerary offerings, consisted largely of painted pottery and figurines, ivory carvings, slate cosmetic palettes, and finely worked flint weapons. In painting, a monumental treatment was given to designs like those drawn in red on buff-colored pottery from Hieraconpolis, a palace city of upper Egypt. Toward the end of the pre dynastic period, sculptors began to carve monolithic figures of the gods from limestone, such as the Min at Coptos. In the proto dynastic and early dynastic periods (3200–2780 B. C.) some Mesopotamian motifs began to appear. The craftsmanship of the finely worked stone bowls and vases of these periods is particularly remarkable. Oldest carving in Egypt, as old as 12000 years Art of the Old Kingdom Royal and private statuary, as well as wall paintings and reliefs, reflected the concepts of art that served the cult of the gods, the kings, and the dead. In royal statuary, traditional poses are combined with idealistic features. The statuary was designed to depict royalty as physically strong with softened features, sometimes with touches of realism. This can be traced in the sculpture of King Djoser, the only surviving statuette of King Khufu, the figure of King Khafra in different stones, the schist triads of King Menkaure, and the head of King Userkaf. The private statuary followed the same concepts, but had more freedom in movement and more varieties of poses."
},
{
"docid": "D547117#0",
"title": "http://www.birthdaygems.org/december-birthstone.htm\nDecember Birthstone",
"text": "\"The healing properties of the December birthstone are reputed to be effective for health problems relating to the throat, lungs, asthma, teeth, depression. and infection. The Turquoise is also used to enhance creativity, serenity and spiritual bonding. December Birthstone Zodiac Sign The twelve Zodiac signs are an astrological version of birthstones in addition to the twelve calendar months. The December birthstone of the Turquoise is considered to be the birthstone for Sagittarius (The sign of the Archer) and relate to those born between November 23 - December 21. The Zodiac sign of Sagittarius also responds to Topaz, Beryl, Blue Topaz, Blue Zircon, Ruby, Lapis Lazuli and Citrine. December Birthstone - Where are Turquoise found? The popular December Birthstone of the Turquoise is found in the following countries: Iran, United States, Africa, Australia, Siberia, and Europe. December Birthstone - the Color of the Turquoise The traditional color associated with the Turquoise is the sky blue color and was strongly favored as a popular gem in Victorian jewelry. The meaning of colors through the ages represented many aspects of life."
},
{
"docid": "D1404178#0",
"title": "https://www.thoughtco.com/colors-of-ancient-egypt-43718\nColors of Ancient Egypt",
"text": "\"Humanities ›History & Culture Colors of Ancient Egypt Share Flipboard Email Printby Alistair Boddy-Evans Updated October 27, 2017Color (Ancient Egyptian name \"\" iwen\"\") was considered an integral part of an item's or person's nature in Ancient Egypt, and the term could interchangeably mean color, appearance, character, being or nature. Items with similar color were believed to have similar properties.01of 07Color Pairs Colors were often paired. Silver and gold were considered complementary colors (i.e. they formed a duality of opposites just like the sun and moon). Red complemented white (think of the double crown Ancient Egypt), and green and black represented different aspects of the process of regeneration. Where a procession of figures is depicted, the skin tones alternate between light and dark ochre. Purity of color was important to Ancient Egyptians and the artist would usually complete everything in one color before moving on to the next. Paintings would be finished off with fine brushwork to outline the work and add limited interior detail. The degree to which Ancient Egyptian artists and craftsmen mixed colors varies according to dynasty. But even at its most creative, color mixing was not widely spread. Unlike today's pigments which give consistent results, several of those available to Ancient Egyptian artists could react chemically with each other; for example, lead white when mixed with orpiment (yellow) actually produces black.02of 07Black and White Colors in Ancient Egypt Black (Ancient Egyptian name \"\" kem\"\") was the color of the life-giving silt left by the Nile inundation, which gave rise to the Ancient Egyptian name for the country: \"\" kemet\"\" – the black land."
},
{
"docid": "D816508#0",
"title": "https://www.color-meanings.com/turquoise-color-meaning-the-color-turquoise/\nTurquoise Color Meaning â The Color Turquoise",
"text": "\"Turquoise Color Meaning – The Color Turquoise The color turquoise helps opening lines of communication between the heart and the spoken word. It is a friendly and happy color that is enjoying life. In color psychology, it controls and heals the emotions, creating emotional balance and stability. In this process, it can feel like an emotional rollercoaster that goes up and down, until it balances itself. Overusing the effect of turquoise color meaning can lead to emotional stress. As a combination of the color blue and a little yellow, turquoise fits between green and blue on the color scale. The color turquoise radiates peace, calmness and tranquility through the blue color, balance and growth through the green color, with an uplifting energy from the color yellow. Turquoise recharges our spirits during periods of mental stress and fatigue, and removes the feeling of loneliness. You just need to focus on the color turquoise, either on a wall or clothing, and immediately you will feel calm and relaxed – ready to face the world again! Turquoise is a good color to have around, especially in emergencies, because it helps you think clearly and make decisions."
},
{
"docid": "D868138#0",
"title": "http://egypt-art.blogspot.com/2009/12/neolithic-in-egypt.html\nThe Neolithic in Egypt",
"text": "The Neolithic in Egypt The Neolithic in Egypt A far-reaching climatic change from about 10,000 BC, with a general increase in rainfall, led to high (sometimes extremely high) inundations of the Nile Valley, and the rise in precipitation made the bordering desert areas habitable once more. They became savannas well provided with watering holes and oases. There were settlements in the Sahara again, and innovations of great significance are evident here in the eighth and seventh millennia BC. The technological features of the Neolithic period make their appearance in early pottery and polished stone axes. People still lived a semi-nomadic life as hunters, and were not yet cultivating crops, but collecting the seeds of wild grasses. However, these groups seem to have domesticated cattle. The Near East, the Levant and Palestine, on the other hand, saw the building of fortified settlements, the beginnings of farming and the domestication of sheep and goats during the eighth millennium. The technological, economic and social features that, taken as a whole, were to be characteristic of a new era in the history of mankind, emerged and interacted over the entire extended area of northeast Africa and southwest Asia. The Nile Valley in Egypt seems to have played no part in this process at first. The archaeological evidence is scanty, and a series of very high inundations may have destroyed entire levels of sites."
},
{
"docid": "D857810#0",
"title": "https://www.forbes.com/sites/trevornace/2017/07/02/birthstones-discover-birthstone-color-month/\nBirthstones: Discover Your Birthstone Color By Month",
"text": "Trevor Nace Contributor Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. Science 7/02/2017 @ 8:35AM 710,989 views Birthstones: Discover Your Birthstone Color By Month Polished birthstones for each of the 12 months Birthstones and their vivid colors have long been a way to connect your birth month with rare and unique gemstones. They are a meaningful gift for mom, a friend, spouse, or family member during a special occasion. But they mean much more than that as you’ll find out below. Whether you’re shopping for a birthstone or trying to determine the birthstone gem colors that match each month, you’ve come to the right place. We will cover the origins of these stones, how they’re typically uses, and describe each month’s birthstone and have lots of charts to go with it. They’re great stones for rings, necklaces, earrings, bracelets, charms, and more. The Origin Of Birthstones Birthstones are gems associated with the month that a person was born. To start off, here’s the list of each birthstone by month. January Birthstone: Garnet February Birthstone: Amethyst March Birthstone: Aquamarine April Birthstone: Diamond May Birthstone: Emerald June Birthstone: Pearl or Alexandrite July Birthstone: Ruby August Birthstone: Peridot September Birthstone: Sapphire October Birthstone: Tourmaline or Opal November Birthstone: Topaz or Citrine December Birthstone: Tanzanite, Zircon or Turquoise Birthstones appear to have a biblical source, tracing back to the book of Exodus in the Bible and specifically on the breastplate of Aaron."
},
{
"docid": "D931522#0",
"title": "http://bmssancientcivilizations.wikispaces.com/African+Kingdoms\nââ African Kingdoms",
"text": "\" African Kingdoms~Katie Lacy and Gina Murphymap of ancient kush (kharkov)Introduction The African kingdoms of Kush, Ghana, and Mali, were significant because of their culture, political systems, and military. From the way that they painted to the way they built their military, they are definitely civilizations that stood out in the ancient world. At first the Kushites were nomadic cattle herders. They roamed in savanahs speaking Egyptian and herding Longhorns. Another African civilization is the Ghana. The Ghana is one of the most famous Ancient kingdom in Africa. It had the most prosperous economy. It traded with many countries including Egypt. Suddenly, other cities wanting the land that Ghana had taken over, had attacked. The Ghana army had fought them off long enough for them to leave but eventually Ghana had been weakened and broke into many small cities."
}
] |
619943
|
what did the colossal stone heads of the olmecs
|
[
{
"docid": "D112757#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olmec_colossal_heads\nOlmec colossal heads",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search La Venta Monument 1Monument 4 from La Venta with comparative size of an adult and child. The monument weighs almost 20 tons. The Olmec colossal heads are stone representations of human heads sculpted from large basalt boulders. The heads date from at least 900 BC and are a distinctive feature of the Olmec civilization of ancient Mesoamerica. [ 1] All portray mature individuals with fleshy cheeks, flat noses, and slightly crossed eyes; their physical characteristics correspond to a type that is still common among the inhabitants of Tabasco and Veracruz. The backs of the monuments often are flat. The boulders were brought from the Sierra de los Tuxtlas mountains of Veracruz. Given that the extremely large slabs of stone used in their production were transported over large distances, requiring a great deal of human effort and resources, it is thought that the monuments represent portraits of powerful individual Olmec rulers. Each of the known examples has a distinctive headdress. The heads were variously arranged in lines or groups at major Olmec centres, but the method and logistics used to transport the stone to these sites remain unclear."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1455636#0",
"title": "https://www.ancient.eu/article/604/the-ball-game-of-mesoamerica/\nThe Ball Game of Mesoamerica",
"text": "The sport known simply as the Ball Game was popular across Mesoamerica and played by all the major civilizations from the Olmecs to the Aztecs. The impressive stone courts became a staple feature of a city ’s sacred complex and there were often several playing courts in a single city. More than just a game, though, the event could have a religious significance and featured in episodes of Mesoamerican mythology. The contests even supplied candidates for human sacrifice, for the sport could, quite literally, be a game of life or death. Goal, Ball Court of Chichen Itza Origins The game was invented sometime in the Preclassical Period (2500-100 BCE), probably by the Olmec, and became a common Mesoamerican-wide feature of the urban landscape by the Classical Period (300-900 CE). Eventually, the game was even exported to other cultures in North America and the Caribbean. In Mesoamerican mythology the game is an important element in the story of the Maya gods Hun Hunahpú & Vucub Hunahpú. In Mesoamerican mythology the game is an important element in the story of the Maya gods Hun Hunahpú and Vucub Hunahpú. The pair annoyed the gods of the underworld with their noisy playing and the two brothers were tricked into descending into Xibalba (the underworld) where they were challenged to a ball game. Losing the game, Hun Hunahpús had his head cut off; a foretaste of what would become common practice for players unfortunate enough to lose a game."
},
{
"docid": "D1603685#0",
"title": "http://www.aztec-history.com/\nAztec History",
"text": "\"Aztec History Dig into the mysteries of Aztec history right here! What was ancient Aztec art and culture like? What about the Aztec religion? And the legendary Aztec sacrifices? The Aztec Empire was peopled by a group that was once nomadic, the Mexicas. Their chroniclers told them that after their long journey from Aztlán, they found themselves to be outcasts, until they found the sign sent to them by their god Huitzilopochtli, and began to build their city. And so the Mexica peoples continued, and the Aztec Empire began. The city of Tenochitlan was soon to become one of the largest cities in the world. The power of the Mexica peoples became more consolidated, and they began to form alliances. Their military power grew as well, and they began to conquer peoples in the surrounding areas."
},
{
"docid": "D2070788#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/134598164/u7-12-art-flash-cards/\nU7-12 art",
"text": "\"90 terms haven_pie U7-12 art Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Who is regarded as the greatest sculptor of the Early Renaissance? Donatello Mannerism rejected the High Renaissance style and created a brand new style. False Raphael is called the \"\"father of the oil painting.\"\" false Filippo Brunelleschi painted The Birth of Venus. false Michelangelo's Pieta depicts the Virgin Mary holding the body of Jesus after he had been crucified. true Which artist created The Birth of Venus? Botticelli Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Renaissance art? Highly stylized, uniform works\"\"Sfumato\"\" refers to which of the following in a painting? A fine haze The Mona Lisa was painted by Raphael. false Late Renaissance art is also known as which of the following?"
},
{
"docid": "D565765#0",
"title": "http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?ParagraphID=arc\n.",
"text": "Mesopotamia and Egypt: 4th millennium BCThe two areas which first develop civilization - Mesopotamia and Egypt - share a natural product which is ideal for relatively small buildings in a warm climate. Bundles of reeds can be bound together to form pillars and beams. Their tops can even be bent inwards and tied to shape an arch or a dome. And the spaces in the frame can be filled with smaller branches and mud to complete a weather-proof shelter. Even the more important buildings in both regions are probably constructed in this style for much of the fourth millennium BC. But the larger tombs and temples of the third millennium require brick and later (in Egypt) stone. Sun-dried mud brick, as used in Jericho as early as 8000 BC, is the building block of man's first monumental buildings - the ziggurats (or temples) of Mesopotamia and the mastabas (or early tombs) of Egypt. In southern Mesopotamia, near the mouths of the Tigris and Euphrates, there is no local stone. Even the great ziggurat at Ur, built in about 2000 BC, is made entirely of brick. In Egypt, by contrast, stone is plentiful."
},
{
"docid": "D1707727#0",
"title": "http://apworldhistorywiki.wikispaces.com/The+Americas+and+Oceania\nThe Americas and Oceania",
"text": "\"The Americas and Oceania Edit 0 194 …0 Tags No tags Notify RSSBacklinks Source Print Export (PDF)Early Societies in the Americas and Oceana (H. M)In September of 683 C. E., a man named Chan Bahlum and his brother performed rituals which caused a large flow of blood from their bodies. These sorts of rituals were common among the people of the Mayan city Palenque. These rituals were often done as political and religious acts. They believed in shedding royal blood whenever a member of the royal family died, like Chan Bahlum's father Pacal. Many Mesoamerican people performed these sorts of rituals sometimes in the earlobes, lips, and cheeks with obsidian knives, animal bones, or sting ray spines. These Mayan people believed that performing these rituals had to do with how much rain they recieved and how good their agriculture was for the year. Once the glaciers melted when the temperature of the Earth rose, massive flooding occurred which caused asia and america to be separated. Before this happened, many areas of the world were connected like Australia and New Ginea and the Indonesian Islands. However, the high waters didn't stop humans from migrating. Soon, humans were living in Central America and Oceania."
},
{
"docid": "D508084#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_art\nAncient art",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( September 2016) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ancient art refers to the many types of art produced by the advanced cultures of ancient societies with some form of writing, such as those of ancient China, India, Mesopotamia, Persia, Palestine, Egypt, Greece, and Rome. The art of pre-literate societies is normally referred to as Prehistoric art and is not covered here. Although some Pre-Columbian cultures developed writing during the centuries before the arrival of Europeans, on grounds of dating these are covered at Pre-Columbian art, and articles such as Maya art and Aztec art. Olmec art is mentioned below. History of art Prehistoric Ancient European Asian Islamic Painting ( Western)Art historyv t e Ancient art history Middle East Ancient Egypt Mesopotamia Persia Asia India China Japan Korea Cambodia European prehistory Cycladic Nuragic Etruscan Celtic Scythia Classical art Ancient Greece Hellenistic Romev t e Contents [ hide ]1 Middle East, Mediterranean, and India1.1 Egypt1.2 Mesopotamia1.3 Summerian1.4 Babylon1.5 Assyria1.6 The Minoan Civilization1.7 The Mycenaean Civilization1.8 Greek art1.9 India1.10 Persia (Iran)1.11 Rome2 East Asia2.1 Japan2.2 China3 Central America (Mexico)3.1 Olmec art4 Gallery5 References6 Further reading Middle East, Mediterranean, and India [ edit]Egypt [ edit]Main article: Art of ancient Egypt Egyptian papyrus Due to the highly religious nature of ancient Ancient Egyptian civilization, many of the great works of ancient Egypt depict gods, goddesses, and Pharaohs, who were also considered divine. Ancient Egyptian art is characterized by the idea of order. Clear and simple lines combined with simple shapes and flat areas of color helped to create a sense of order and balance in the art of ancient Egypt."
},
{
"docid": "D2152601#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cradle_of_Civilization\nCradle of civilization",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Human history and prehistory↑ before Homo ( Pliocene epoch)Prehistory ( three-age system)Stone Age Lower Paleolithic Homo Homo erectus Middle Paleolithic Early Homo sapiens Upper Paleolithic Behavioral modernity Neolithic Cradle of civilization Bronze Age China Europe India Near East Iron Age Bronze Age collapse China Europe India Japan Korea Near East Nigeria Recorded history Ancient history Earliest records Post-classical history Modern history Early Later Contemporary↓ Futurev t e Ancient history Preceded by Prehistory Ancient Near East Egyptian Old Kingdom Sumer Uruk Ur Jiroft culture Ebla Mari Minoan Crete Oxus civilisation Akkadian Empire Gutian dynasty Lullubi Guti Neo-Sumerian Empire Egyptian Middle Kingdom Yamhad Qatna First Dynasty of Isin Old Assyrian Empire Old Babylonian Empire Hattians Hurrians Amurru kingdom Apum Isuwa Nuhašše Kurda Ṭābetu Tepe Sialk Teppe Hasanlu Shahr-e Sukhteh Tureng Tepe Godin Tepe Marlik Kizzuwatna Tepe Hissar Eshnunna Egyptian New Kingdom Hittite Empire Kassite dynasty Amorites Arameans Kingdom of Edom Kingdom of Moab Kingdom of Ammon Awan dynasty Shimashki Dynasty Chaldea Mitanni Empire Troy Alashiya Ugarit Nuragic civilization Mycenaean Greece Middle Assyrian Empire Second Dynasty of Isin Elam Ellipi Kingdom of Kummuh Gurgum Phrygia Lydia Canaan Tyre Sidon Phoenicia Israel and Judah Arzawa Neo-Assyrian Empire Kushite Empire Kingdom of Kush Hyksos Punt Syro-Hittite states Hayasa-Azzi Georgia Etruscan League Roman Kingdom Urartu Mannaeans Cimmerians Colchis Zikirti Musasir Neo-Babylonian Empire Median Empire Classical antiquity Achaemenid Empire Carthaginian Empire Delian League Bosporan Kingdom Kingdom of Pontus Greco-Bactrian Kingdom Kingdom of Armenia Magna Graecia Macedonian Empire Odrysian kingdom Parthian Empire Peloponnesian League Ptolemaic Kingdom Roman Empire Roman Republic Sassanid Empire Hephthalite Empire Lakhmids Ghassanids Kingdom of Aksum Seleucid Empire Scythians Antigonid dynasty Palmyra Nabataean Kingdom East Asia Erlitou Shang dynasty Zhou dynasty Spring and Autumn period Warring States period Qin dynasty Gojoseon Jin (Korean state) Nanyue Han dynasty Three Kingdoms of Korea Silla Three Kingdoms of China Jin dynasty Northern and Southern dynasties Sui dynasty Japan South Asia Indus Valley Vedic period Kuru Kingdom Mahajanapada Magadha Kingdom Nanda Empire Maurya Empire Satavahana Indo-Greek Kingdom Indo-Scythian Kingdom Early Cholas Kushan Empire Vakataka Pallava Gupta Empire Mesoamerica Olmec Epi-Olmec culture Zapotec civilization Maya civilization Tikal Calakmul Palenque Teotihuacan Toltec Empire League of Mayapan Cuzcatlan Mixtec Tepanec Tarascan state Aztec Empire Andes Norte Chico Valdivia Kotosh Casma/Sechin culture Chiripa Cupisnique Chavín Moche Nazca Tiwanaku Empire Wari Empire Chimú culture Chincha Chachapoya Muisca Confederation Inca Empire Mapuche Mississippi Adena Hopewell Mississippian Fort Ancient Huron Confederacy Three Fires Confederacy Mi'kmaq Confederacy Iroquois Confederacy West Africa Dhar Tichitt Djenné-Djenno Nok Bura culture Ghana Empire Mossi Kingdoms Kingdom of Nri Benin Empire Oyo Empire Ghana Empire Kanem–Bornu Empire Almoravid dynasty Sosso Empire Mali Empire Empire of Great Fulo Jolof Empire Hausa Kingdoms Gao Empire Songhai Empire See also History of the world Ancient maritime history Protohistory Axial Age Iron Age Historiography Ancient literature Ancient warfare Cradle of civilization Followed by the Postclassical Erav t e The term \"\" cradle of civilization \"\" refers to locations where, according to current archeological data, civilization is understood to have emerged. Current thinking is that there was no single \"\"cradle\"\", but several civilizations that developed independently, with the Fertile Crescent ( Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt) understood to be the earliest. [ 1] Other civilizations arose in Asia among cultures situated along large river valleys, such as Indo-Gangetic Plain in India [2] [3] and the Yellow River in China. [ 4] The extent to which there was significant influence between the early civilizations of the Near East and those of East Asia is disputed. Scholars accept that the civilizations of Mesoamerica, mainly in modern Mexico, and Norte Chico in present-day Peru emerged independently from those in Eurasia. [ 5]Scholars have defined civilization using various criteria such as the use of writing, cities, a class-based society, agriculture, animal husbandry, public buildings, metallurgy, and monumental architecture. [ 6] [7] The term cradle of civilization has frequently been applied to a variety of cultures and areas, in particular the Ancient Near Eastern Chalcolithic ( Ubaid period) and Fertile Crescent, Ancient India and Ancient China. It has also been applied to ancient Anatolia, the Levant and Iranian plateau, and used to refer to culture predecessors—such as Ancient Greece as the predecessor of Western civilization [8] —even when such sites are not understood as an independent development of civilization, as well as within national rhetoric. [ 9]Contents [ hide ]1 History of the idea2 Rise of civilization3 Single or multiple cradles4 The cradles of civilization4.1 Fertile Crescent4.2 India4.3 China4.4 Andes4.5 Mesoamerica5 Timeline6 Cradle of Western civilization7 See also8 Notes9 References9.1 Citations9.2 Sources History of the idea [ edit]The concept \"\"cradle of civilization\"\" is the subject of much debate. The figurative use of cradle to mean \"\"the place or region in which anything is nurtured or sheltered in its earlier stage\"\" is traced by the Oxford English Dictionary to Spenser (1590)."
},
{
"docid": "D3324262#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/4098870/ancient-america-flash-cards/\nAncient America",
"text": "Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort What was Meso-America's first known culture? Olmec Where did the Olmec civilization start? Jungles of southern Mexico's Gulf coast What crop did the Olmec grow? corn Why were the Olmec able to build cities? The fertile soil allowed for successful agriculture, which led to cities What did the Olmec accomplish in art? Built large stone heads What did the Olmec accomplish in learning? Developed a calendar What was the main spirit the Olmec worshiped? jaguar Why were the Olmec called the Mother culture?"
},
{
"docid": "D112758#0",
"title": "http://www.ancient.eu/article/672/\nArticle",
"text": "Articleby Mark Cartwright published on 21 March 2014The stone head sculptures of the Olmec civilization of the Gulf Coast of Mexico (1200 BCE - 400 BCE) are amongst the most mysterious and debated artefacts from the ancient world. The most agreed upon theory is that, because of their unique physical features and the difficulty and cost involved in their creation, they represent Olmec rulers. Olmec Colossal Head Seventeen heads have been discovered to date, 10 of which are from San Lorenzo and 4 from La Venta; two of the most important Olmec centres. The heads were each carved from a single basalt boulder which in some cases were transported 100 km or more to their final destination, presumably using huge balsa river rafts wherever possible and log rollers on land. The principal source of this heavy stone was Cerro Cintepec in the Tuxtla Mountains. The heads can be nearly 3 m high, 4.5 metres (9.8 feet, 14.7 feet) in circumference and average around 8 tons in weight. The heads were sculpted using hard hand-held stones and it is likely that they were originally painted using bright colours. The fact that these giant sculptures depict only the head may be explained by the widely held belief in Mesoamerican culture that it was the head alone which contained the emotions, experience, and soul of an individual. Facial details were drilled into the stone (using reeds and wet sand) so that prominent features such as the eyes, mouth, and nostrils have real depth. Some also have deliberately drilled dimples on the cheeks, chin, and lips."
},
{
"docid": "D3253584#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/206548839/comprehensive-art-pt-2-flash-cards/\nComprehensive Art Pt. 2",
"text": "\"90 terms Secret_Wolf_Luna Comprehensive Art Pt. 2Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Try diagrams on Quizlet!See what you're learning in a whole new way. Browse diagrams Sort Raphael created which famous artwork? The School of Athens The Last Supper used a painting technique that has proved to be so durable that the painting has not needed any restoration since it was created. False The Renaissance sought to bring back the human elements to these studies and emphasize the importance of engaging with emotion and creativity as well as science and politics. True Renaissance art is often associated with the art of which country? Italy Domenicos Theotokopoulos, known as El Greco, created which piece of art? The Burial of the Count of Orgaz Who painted The Last Supper? da Vinci The French word \"\"renaissance\"\" means which of the following? Rebirth Michelangelo's Pieta depicts the Virgin Mary holding the body of Jesus after he had been crucified."
},
{
"docid": "D547512#0",
"title": "http://www.burdosclassroom.org/worldhistorywiki/index.php?title=Olmecs\nOlmecs",
"text": "\"navigation search The Olmecs are known as one of the earliest American Civilizations. The emerged along tropical forests around the Mexican Gulf Coast. The civilization of the Olmecs lasted about 900 years (1400 B. C. through 500 B. C.)The Olmecs originated at a base within San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán, where Olmec artifacts seem most abundant. The rise of civilization was help by the local environment, such as; the rich soil and flowing rivers. This environment could be compared to that of other ancient centers of civilization: the Nile, Indus, Yellow River valleys, and Mesopotamia. Many artifacts, such as jade, obsidian, and magnetite pieces came from far locations and suggest that early Olmecs had a trading network.>== Essential Question == How did the Olmecs affect our way of life? Contents [ hide ]1 Summary of Research2 Content2.1 The Mother of American Civilizations2.2 Gods2.3 Early Inventions2.3.1 Mesoamerican Ballgame2.3.2 Writing & Epigraphy3 Analysis4 Conclusion5 Project Planning6 Links Summary of Research The Olmecs are known to have built ceremonial centers made of temples and other buildings. Populations of Olmec societies mainly consisted of nearby farmers who worked on temples and attended religious ceremonies. Olmecs left behind dramatic ruins of ancient, giagantic heads, placed in the ruins of a religious temple at La Venta. Even today, it remains a mystery how this ancient civilazation moved these 40-ton mounts of rocks from quarries to the tops of temples without wheeled carts or the help of animals."
},
{
"docid": "D816489#0",
"title": "http://www.ancient-wisdom.com/top50stones.htm\n.",
"text": "\"The Top-50 Megaliths: (The largest cut-stones of all time). One of the most remarkable prehistoric human achievements was our ability to work with stone on a seemingly gigantic and effortless scale, which apart from the technical implications, reveals the presence of sophisticated and complex people, who proved themselves to be anything but primitive. Many of the 'estimates' on this page are only estimates - and several vary from author to author. As such, and where estimates differ considerably, the density of rock can be calculated using S. I. recognised estimates for the weight of rock, but even the weight of similar rock varies from one m³ to another. As such, and without actually weighing the rocks themselves, they will remain estimates. Note : (1 Metric ton = 1,000kg), (1 US ton = 0.907 Metric tonnes), (1 Imperial ton = 1.016 Metric tonnes)Scroll down for the Top-50 Megaliths of all time.1) The Unfinished Obelisk, Aswan, Egypt. - M easures 120-feet (42m) and would have weighed over 1,168 tons when complete. Ref: (Sci. Amer. Dec. 1977."
},
{
"docid": "D1103724#0",
"title": "http://www.theperspective.org/olmecs.html\n.",
"text": "\"According to an archeologist who recently participated in archeological work in Mexico, One of the most ancient civilizations in the Americas, the Black (Negritic) Olmecs developed a calendar that goes back to about 3,113 years Before Christ. The archeologist who appeared on the Art Bell show made that point. The ancient \"\"Olmecs\"\" of Mexico and Mesoamerica are one of the most intriguing civilizations of the Americas. In fact, they are the first civilization in Mexico and it was from them that all other civilizations in Mesoamerica followed. Yet, the fact that the Olmecs were most likely a Black civilization of African origins has not been made public and the \"\"Indian\"\" elements in Mexico have gained more prominence to the extent that the Negroid substrata of the ancient Mexican/Mesoamerican civilizations has been kept hidden. Yet, over the past many years, various levels of proof have been found linking the \"\"Olmecs\"\" to Africans in the Western part of Africa: Linguistic Similarities Studies done by researchers such as Ivan Van Sertima (They Came Before Columbus), Alexander Von Wuthenau (Unexpected Faces in Ancient America), Runoko Rashidi and others have presented evidence that clearly show that the Olmecs were not Indians with \"\"baby faces,\"\" or Indians who looked like Blacks (although a few Olmecs did mix with the Native Americans). They were Africans no different from Africans found in the Mende regions of West Africa. Studies done by Clyde Winters show that the Olmecs used the Mende script, a writing system used among the Mandinkas and other Africans in West Africa. When the writings on Olmec monuments were translated, it was found that the language spoken by the Olmecs was Mende. Religious Similarities The Olmecs practiced a religion and astronomical sciences identical to those practiced by Africans in the Mali region and Nigeria today."
},
{
"docid": "D1167966#0",
"title": "http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Olmec+Culture\nOlmec Culture",
"text": "\"Olmec Culture The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased. Olmec Culturean archaeological culture widespread over what are now the Mexican states of Veracruz, Tabasco,and Guerrero. Although the culture was that of unknown American Indians, it has been conditionallynamed after the Olmecs, a small group of tribes that later lived in the area (11th–14th centuries). The time of existence of the Olmec culture has not yet been definitely established. The culture’sorigin is dated by various researchers to the 15th to the eighth century B. C., and its demise to thefirst century B. C. to the third century A. D. The economy was based on fishing and slash-and-burnfarming. The people were one of the first in America to reach the stage of a class society. The majorreligious and political centers were La Venta, San Lorenzo, Tres Zapotes, and Laguna de los Cerros. The Olmec culture influenced the culture of the neighboring Indian peoples. Judging from the excavations at La Venta and San Lorenzo, Olmec religious structures were stillrelatively primitive."
},
{
"docid": "D204015#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cradle_of_civilization\nCradle of civilization",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Human history and prehistory↑ before Homo ( Pliocene epoch)Prehistory ( three-age system)Stone Age Lower Paleolithic Homo Homo erectus Middle Paleolithic Early Homo sapiens Upper Paleolithic Behavioral modernity Neolithic Cradle of civilization Bronze Age China Europe India Near East Iron Age Bronze Age collapse China Europe India Japan Korea Near East Nigeria Recorded history Ancient history Earliest records Post-classical history Modern history Early Later Contemporary↓ Futurev t e Ancient history Preceded by Prehistory Ancient Near East Egyptian Old Kingdom Sumer Uruk Ur Jiroft culture Ebla Mari Minoan Crete Oxus civilisation Akkadian Empire Gutian dynasty Lullubi Guti Neo-Sumerian Empire Egyptian Middle Kingdom Yamhad Qatna First Dynasty of Isin Old Assyrian Empire Old Babylonian Empire Hattians Hurrians Amurru kingdom Apum Isuwa Nuhašše Kurda Ṭābetu Tepe Sialk Teppe Hasanlu Shahr-e Sukhteh Tureng Tepe Godin Tepe Marlik Kizzuwatna Tepe Hissar Eshnunna Egyptian New Kingdom Hittite Empire Kassite dynasty Amorites Arameans Kingdom of Edom Kingdom of Moab Kingdom of Ammon Awan dynasty Shimashki Dynasty Chaldea Mitanni Empire Troy Alashiya Ugarit Nuragic civilization Mycenaean Greece Middle Assyrian Empire Second Dynasty of Isin Elam Ellipi Kingdom of Kummuh Gurgum Phrygia Lydia Canaan Tyre Sidon Phoenicia Israel and Judah Arzawa Neo-Assyrian Empire Kushite Empire Kingdom of Kush Hyksos Punt Syro-Hittite states Hayasa-Azzi Georgia Etruscan League Roman Kingdom Urartu Mannaeans Cimmerians Colchis Zikirti Musasir Neo-Babylonian Empire Median Empire Classical antiquity Achaemenid Empire Carthaginian Empire Delian League Bosporan Kingdom Kingdom of Pontus Greco-Bactrian Kingdom Kingdom of Armenia Magna Graecia Macedonian Empire Odrysian kingdom Parthian Empire Peloponnesian League Ptolemaic Kingdom Roman Empire Roman Republic Sassanid Empire Hephthalite Empire Lakhmids Ghassanids Kingdom of Aksum Seleucid Empire Scythians Antigonid dynasty Palmyra Nabataean Kingdom East Asia Erlitou Shang dynasty Zhou dynasty Spring and Autumn period Warring States period Qin dynasty Gojoseon Jin (Korean state) Nanyue Han dynasty Three Kingdoms of Korea Silla Three Kingdoms of China Jin dynasty Northern and Southern dynasties Sui dynasty Japan South Asia Indus Valley Vedic period Kuru Kingdom Mahajanapada Magadha Kingdom Nanda Empire Maurya Empire Satavahana Indo-Greek Kingdom Indo-Scythian Kingdom Early Cholas Kushan Empire Vakataka Pallava Gupta Empire Mesoamerica Olmec Epi-Olmec culture Zapotec civilization Maya civilization Tikal Calakmul Palenque Teotihuacan Toltec Empire League of Mayapan Cuzcatlan Mixtec Tepanec Tarascan state Aztec Empire Andes Norte Chico Valdivia Kotosh Casma/Sechin culture Chiripa Cupisnique Chavín Moche Nazca Tiwanaku Empire Wari Empire Chimú culture Chincha Chachapoya Muisca Confederation Inca Empire Mapuche Mississippi Adena Hopewell Mississippian Fort Ancient Huron Confederacy Three Fires Confederacy Mi'kmaq Confederacy Iroquois Confederacy West Africa Dhar Tichitt Djenné-Djenno Nok Bura culture Ghana Empire Mossi Kingdoms Kingdom of Nri Benin Empire Oyo Empire Ghana Empire Kanem–Bornu Empire Almoravid dynasty Sosso Empire Mali Empire Empire of Great Fulo Jolof Empire Hausa Kingdoms Gao Empire Songhai Empire See also History of the world Ancient maritime history Protohistory Axial Age Iron Age Historiography Ancient literature Ancient warfare Cradle of civilization Followed by the Postclassical Erav t e The term \"\" cradle of civilization \"\" refers to locations where, according to current archeological data, civilization is understood to have emerged. Current thinking is that there was no single \"\"cradle\"\", but several civilizations that developed independently, with the Fertile Crescent ( Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt) understood to be the earliest. [ 1] Other civilizations arose in Asia among cultures situated along large river valleys, such as Indo-Gangetic Plain in India [2] [3] and the Yellow River in China. [ 4] The extent to which there was significant influence between the early civilizations of the Near East and those of East Asia is disputed. Scholars accept that the civilizations of Mesoamerica, mainly in modern Mexico, and Norte Chico in present-day Peru emerged independently from those in Eurasia. [ 5]Scholars have defined civilization using various criteria such as the use of writing, cities, a class-based society, agriculture, animal husbandry, public buildings, metallurgy, and monumental architecture. [ 6] [7] The term cradle of civilization has frequently been applied to a variety of cultures and areas, in particular the Ancient Near Eastern Chalcolithic ( Ubaid period) and Fertile Crescent, Ancient India and Ancient China. It has also been applied to ancient Anatolia, the Levant and Iranian plateau, and used to refer to culture predecessors—such as Ancient Greece as the predecessor of Western civilization [8] —even when such sites are not understood as an independent development of civilization, as well as within national rhetoric. [ 9]Contents [ hide ]1 History of the idea2 Rise of civilization3 Single or multiple cradles4 The cradles of civilization4.1 Fertile Crescent4.2 India4.3 China4.4 Andes4.5 Mesoamerica5 Timeline6 Cradle of Western civilization7 See also8 Notes9 References9.1 Citations9.2 Sources History of the idea [ edit]The concept \"\"cradle of civilization\"\" is the subject of much debate. The figurative use of cradle to mean \"\"the place or region in which anything is nurtured or sheltered in its earlier stage\"\" is traced by the Oxford English Dictionary to Spenser (1590)."
},
{
"docid": "D1940673#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olmec_influences_on_Mesoamerican_cultures\nOlmec influences on Mesoamerican cultures",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( November 2015)The causes and degree of Olmec influences on Mesoamerican cultures has been a subject of debate over many decades. Although the Olmecs are considered to be perhaps the earliest Mesoamerican civilization, [1] there are questions concerning how and how much the Olmecs influenced cultures outside the Olmec heartland. This debate is succinctly, if simplistically, framed by the title of a 2005 New York Times article: “Mother Culture, or Only a Sister?”. [ 2]Contents [ hide ]1 Olmec heartland2 Beyond the heartland2.1 Mother culture2.2 Sister culture2.3 Olmec-style pottery analysis2.4 An emerging middle ground3 Flow of influence3.1 Long-distance trade3.2 Iconography in service to ideology4 Summary5 Notes6 References7 External links Olmec heartland [ edit]Nearly all researchers agree on a number of specific issues concerning the Olmec and the Olmec Heartland: The forebears of the Olmecs were indigenous to the Olmec heartland, [3] and developed their civilization independent of other civilizations. [ citation needed]The Olmec civilization arose in the Olmec heartland with the flowering of San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán in the centuries before 1200 BCE. Beyond the heartland [ edit]Clay Bowl, pigmented, 1200–900 BCE, from the Tlapacoya archaeological site in the Valley of Mexico. Despite being found several hundred kilometers/miles from the Olmec heartland, this bowl shows Olmec influences, particularly in the downturned mouth and almond eye of the so-called Banded-eye God. While some of the hallmarks of Olmec culture, such as colossal heads or other sculptures, earthen platforms, and monolithic \"\" altars \"\", are to be found only within the heartland, many Olmec-style artifacts, designs, figurines, monuments, and motifs can be found in the archaeological records of sites hundreds of kilometers/miles distant."
},
{
"docid": "D112759#0",
"title": "http://www.ancient-wisdom.com/mexicostoneheads.htm\n.",
"text": "The Olmec Stone Heads of Mexico: The huge proportions of the heads suggests that they (The people represented by the heads) were important people, and their association with the Olmec culture at around (800-600 BC) places them long before the Maya, Inca or Columbus's arrival in America. The stone heads have been found at the three most significant Olmecs sites in Mexico (La Venta, San Lorenzo and Tres Zapotez). They were carved from huge basalt boulders, some quarried in the Tuxtlas Mountains; some from the basalt of Cerro Cintepec; others from basalt found on San Martin Volcano. It has long been suggested that the stone heads represent warriors or chieftain leaders, or perhaps a ruling dynasty. The clear prevalence of Negroid (and oriental) facial features on the stone heads has been said to be evidence of a 'fusion' of African and Pre-Columbian American races. Other evidence ranges from Linguistics, Plant Geography, Skeletons, Terracotta figures and even North African ' Tifinag ' inscriptions on the Virgin Islands (3). ( An African Presence in Pre-Columbian America)Another interesting theory has emerged recently which suggests that the helmeted figures represent famous Ball-court players. While we are more familiar with the ancient ball courts of the Aztec and Mayans, the history behind those games starts in the older culture of the Olmecs, as seen in their ceremonial ball courts. ( 4) It is reasonably proposed, on the back of this theory that the giant stone heads look the way they do (with flattened/broken noses and fearsome grimaces) because they reflect an aggressive, full contact sport. ( 2)The La Venta Heads."
},
{
"docid": "D548035#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiki\nTiki",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the large Polynesian carvings in humanoid form. For other uses, see Tiki (disambiguation). A Māori man retouches the painted tattoo on a carved wooden tiki at Whakarewarewa Model Village, New Zealand, 1905. Hawaiian ki ʻ i at Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park Tiki statuette from the Marquesas In Māori mythology, Tiki is the first man created by either Tūmatauenga or Tāne. He found the first woman, Marikoriko, in a pond; she seduced him and he became the father of Hine-kau-ataata. By extension, a tiki is a large or small wooden or stone carving in humanoid form, although this is a somewhat archaic usage in the Māori language. Carvings similar to tikis and coming to represent deified ancestors are found in most Polynesian cultures. They often serve to mark the boundaries of sacred or significant sites. Contents [ hide ]1 Religion1.1 Names and epithets1.2 Elsewhere in Polynesia2 See also3 Notes4 References Religion [ edit]In traditions from the West Coast of the South Island of New Zealand, the first human is a woman created by Tāne, god of forests and of birds. Usually her name is Hine-ahu-one."
},
{
"docid": "D1103720#0",
"title": "http://www.aztec-history.com/olmec-civilization.html\nThe ancient Olmec Civilization",
"text": "The ancient Olmec Civilization The ancient Olmec civilization is now considered to be one of the earliest great civilizations in Mesoamerica. This civilization came and went long before the Aztec empire was even thought of, and yet they left their mark on the peoples of Mexico and beyond, and developed a complex culture which is still echoed today, probably in ways we don't yet even realize. ( See this possible timeline including the Olmec and Aztec civilizations )The basics A great stone head from the Olmec civilization at the Smithsonian Institution The Olmec civilization is believed to have been centred around the southern Gulf Coast of Mexico area (today the states of Veracruz and Tabasco) - further south east than the heart of the Aztec empire. The Olmec culture developed in the centuries before 1200BC (BCE), and declined around 400BC. We know far less about the Olmecs than we do about, for example, the Aztecs and Mayans. There are very few written records to tell us about the culture. In fact, at first Olmec artifacts were thought to be Mayan, and the Mayans were thought to be the first great culture in the area. The generally accepted belief is that the culture arose from people in the area, although some have suggested that the Olmecs may have originally come from Africa. Olmec civilization The major Olmec urban area in early times was San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán, at the time the largest city in Mesoamerica. This was probably a ritual and political place, housing thousands and using an elaborate water and drainage system."
},
{
"docid": "D67677#0",
"title": "http://www.ancient-origins.net/news-ancient-places-americas/mysterious-civilization-olmecs-002540\nThe mysterious civilization of the Olmecs",
"text": "7 January, 2015 - 11:29 dhwty The mysterious civilization of the Olmecs Mexico is perhaps most well-known, archaeologically speaking, as the home of the Aztec civilization. Yet, before the arrival of the Aztecs, another sophisticated civilization, the Olmecs, ruled the region for almost 1000 years. Although pre-Olmec cultures had already existed in the region, the Olmecs have been called the cultura madre, meaning the ‘mother culture’, of Central America. In other words, many of the distinctive features of later Central American civilizations can be traced to the Olmecs. So, who were the Olmecs, and what was their culture like? The Olmec civilization flourished roughly between 1200 BC and 400 BC, an era commonly known as Central America’s Formative Period. Sites containing traces of the Olmec civilization are found mainly on the southern coast of the Gulf of Mexico, specifically in the states of Veracruz and Tabasco. Although the Olmecs did have a system of writing, only few of their inscriptions are available to archaeologists at present. Moreover, there is not enough continuous Olmec script for archaeologist to decipher the language. As a result, much of what we know about the Olmec civilization is dependent on the archaeological evidence."
}
] |
619944
|
what did the comanche tribe eat
|
[
{
"docid": "D1575918#0",
"title": "http://native-american-indian-facts.com/Great-Plains-American-Indian-Facts/Comanche-Indian-Facts.shtml\nComanche Indian Facts",
"text": "\"Native American Indian Facts Comanche Indian Facts Comanche Chief Comanche Indian Introduction The Comanche Indians are a group of Native American Indians who call themselves Numinu, meaning \"\"the people\"\". They originally lived in the Great Plains region and it is a little known fact but, they were actually considered to be a branch of the Northern Shoshone Indian tribe. After 1700, they ended up splitting from the Shoshone and migrating to the Southern Plains, which included Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Texas. They ended up forming about twelve separate groups of Comanche during this period. The below information explains why these Indians migrated, what their lifestyle was like, how their way of life changed with the introduction of horses, and where they live today. Click here for a great selection of Comanche Indian books on AMAZON . Comanche Indian General Facts Comanche language remains very similar to that of the Northern Shoshone and although it has several dialects, it is understood by most neighboring Indian tribes. Like other Plains Indians, buffalo was of the utmost importance to the Comanche. They lived a nomadic lifestyle in constant search of buffalo which provided them with food, shelter, and clothing. Aside from buffalo and other meat, their diet consisted of fruits, nuts and wild root vegetables."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D652365#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/history/did-california-indians-eat-f6db369732233853\nWhat Did California Indians Eat?",
"text": "\"History Modern History US History Q: What Did California Indians Eat? A: Quick Answer California Indians were mainly hunters and gatherers, meaning they consumed wild animals and plants. Those who lived near water bodies learned how to catch fish and other marine animals that would then be used for food. Continue Reading Keep Learning What Are Some Facts About the Culture of the Comanche Indians? What Was the Average Diet of the Tequesta Tribe? What Kind of Food Did the Karankawa Indians Eat? Full Answer Some of the plants that were consumed by California Indians included screw-beans, cacti, acorns, nuts, fruits, roots and some wild berries. They hunted animals such as rabbits, reptiles, deer and birds. Some marine animals that were part of the diet included eels, trout, sturgeon, shellfish and beached whales. Some California Indian tribes would sometimes consume insects such as grasshoppers and honey from nearby honeycombs."
},
{
"docid": "D148116#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plains_Indians\nPlains Indians",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( May 2015) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Southern Cheyenne Chiefs Lawrence Hart, Darryl Flyingman and Harvey Pratt in Oklahoma City, 2008Plains Indians, Interior Plains Indians or Indigenous people of the Great Plains and Canadian Prairies are the Native American tribes and First Nationband governments who have traditionally lived on the greater Interior Plains (i.e. the Great Plains and the Canadian Prairies) in North America. Their historic nomadic culture and development of equestrian culture and resistance to domination by the government and military forces of Canada and the United States have made the Plains Indian culture groups an archetype in literature and art for American Indians everywhere. Plains Indians are usually divided into two broad classifications which overlap to some degree. The first group became a fully nomadic horse culture during the 18th and 19th centuries, following the vast herds of buffalo, although some tribes occasionally engaged in agriculture. These include the Blackfoot, Arapaho, Assiniboine, Cheyenne, Comanche, Crow, Gros Ventre, Kiowa, Lakota, Lipan, Plains Apache (or Kiowa Apache ), Plains Cree, Plains Ojibwe, Sarsi, Nakoda (Stoney), and Tonkawa. The second group of Plains Indians were semi-sedentary, and, in addition to hunting buffalo, they lived in villages, raised crops, and actively traded with other tribes. These include the Arikara, Hidatsa, Iowa, Kaw (or Kansa), Kitsai, Mandan, Missouria, Omaha, Osage, Otoe, Pawnee, Ponca, Quapaw, Wichita, and the Santee Dakota, Yanktonai and Yankton Dakota."
},
{
"docid": "D1669205#0",
"title": "https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/bmc72\nCOMANCHE INDIANS",
"text": "\"COMANCHE INDIANSCarol A. Lipscomb Painting, Comanche Feats of Horsemanship (1834) by George Catlin. Courtesy of the Smithsonian American Art Museum. Image available on the Internet and included in accordance with Title 17 U. S. C. Section 107Comanche Trails Across Texas into Mexico. Courtesy of Texas Beyond History and the University of Texas at Austin. Image available on the Internet and included in accordance with Title 17 U. S. C. Section 107COMANCHE INDIANS. The Comanches, exceptional horsemen who dominated the Southern Plains, played a prominent role in Texas frontier history throughout much of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Anthropological evidence indicates that they were originally a mountain tribe, a branch of the Northern Shoshones, who roamed the Great Basin region of the western United States as crudely equipped hunters and gatherers. Both cultural and linguistic similarities confirm the Comanches' Shoshone origins. The Comanche language is derived from the Uto-Aztecan linguistic family and is virtually identical to the language of the Northern Shoshones. Sometime during the late seventeenth century, the Comanches acquired horses, and that acquisition drastically altered their culture."
},
{
"docid": "D3451742#0",
"title": "https://www.roundrocktexas.gov/departments/planning-and-development-services/historic-preservation/historic-round-rock-collection/tonkawa-indians/\nThe Tonkawa Indians",
"text": "The Tonkawa Indians The Historic Round Rock Collection: An Ongoing History Lifestyle | Decline | The Tonkawa and White Settlers Other Williamson County Tribes | Notes | Works Cited The Historic Round Rock Collection is a project documenting Round Rock’s history, funded in part with a grant from the Texas Historical Commission. These pages are adapted from the original 1991 print version. The earliest residents of the Round Rock area were the two hundred tribes that were the ancestors of the Tonkawa Indians (Scarbrough 25). As early as 8000 B. C., groups of hunter-gatherers roamed the plains from the Guadalupe River north to the headwaters of the Neches (Jones, Map 1). They often made their temporary villages along the banks of rivers and streams, including Brushy Creek and the San Gabriel River. Lifestyle Their wanderings followed the path of the buffalo, their main source of food, all over central Texas (Newcomb 196). The Tonkawas hunted these animals with spears and arrows and by driving herds over cliffs, such as Tonkawa Bluff, near Georgetown. Like many Native Americans, they used the buffalo for food, clothing, tools and decoration (Scarbrough 26). In a letter to the Barron de Ripperda, the governor of Texas, dated July 4, 1772, Athanase de Mezieres wrote:“In truth, one cannot exaggerate the inestimate benefits for which these natives are indebted to divine providence. The buffalo alone, besides its flesh, which takes first place among healthful and savory meats, supplies them liberally with what ever they desire in the way of conveniences."
},
{
"docid": "D2360691#0",
"title": "https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hcc20\nCOMANCHE COUNTY",
"text": "\"COMANCHE COUNTYJohn Leffler Comanche County Map. Courtesy of the Texas Almanac . Image available on the Internet and included in accordance with Title 17 U. S. C. Section 107. COMANCHE COUNTY. Comanche County, in central Texas, is bounded on the south by Mills County, on the west by Brown County, on the north by Eastland County and on the east by Hamilton and Erath counties. The county is named for the Comanche Indians, whose territory once included the area. Comanche County covers 944 square miles of rolling land with elevations from 650 to 1,700 feet. The center of the county lies at 31°55' north latitude and 98°40' west longitude; the county seat, Comanche, is located about seventy miles southeast of Abilene. The area is drained by the North and South Leon rivers and their tributaries, which in turn flow into the Brazos River system. The northern part of the county is in the Western Cross Timbers region, which is characterized by light sand and loamy soils that support mixed timber of cedars, oaks, mesquites, and pecans."
},
{
"docid": "D2134553#0",
"title": "https://www.cabrillo.edu/~crsmith/noamer_plains.html\nAn Introduction to North America's Native People",
"text": "\"An Introduction to North America's Native People Plains Culture Area Introduction | Historical Overview | Era of the Horse Defining Features | Reading Assignment | Resources Student Essay - Dakota Introduction The Great Plains (sometimes called the American prairies) fills the very center of the North American continent, stretching some 1,500 miles north to south (from the north central regions of Texas to the southern prairies of Canada) &more than 1,000 miles east to west (from the Mississippi-Missouri Valley to the Rocky Mountains). And while the Plains landscape appears to many to be a vast unbroken treeless &uniform grassland, it is in fact broken by ranges of hills &wooded river valleys, and consists of two subregions, the more humid eastern plains with tall-grass prairies &the drier western plains or steppe, where short-grass prairies dominate. The valleys and hills were home to deer, elk, bear, antelope, and beaver, while in the mountains at the western edge lived mountain sheep. In the rivers were fish, and waterfowl were seasonally abundant during their annual migrations. But it was the bison who were the principal inhabitants of the grasslands. Up until the middle of the 19th century, more than 60 million of them lived in the region. They provided the plains people (both the nomads &the cultivators) with meat for eating, fat for cooking, hides for house-covers &winter coats, bones &horns for a variety of tools, stomachs were made into carrying &sometimes cooking devices, even the tails found a use - as fly swatters. Historical Overview Before the Europeans My heart is filled with joy when I see you here, as the brooks fill with water when the snows melt in the spring; and I feel glad, as the ponies do when the fresh grass starts in the beginning of the year. My people have never first drawn a bow or gun against whites. There has been trouble on the line between us, and my young men have danced the war dance."
},
{
"docid": "D2808730#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Texas\nSpanish Texas",
"text": "\"Spanish Texas From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Part of a series on the History of Texas Timeline Pre-Columbian Texas Early Spanish explorations 1520–French Texas 1684–1689Spanish Texas 1690–1821Mexican Texas 1821–1836Republic of Texas 1836–1845Statehood 1845–1860Civil War Era 1861–1865Reconstruction 1865–1899State of Texas Texas portalv t e Part of a series on the History of Spain Early history [show]Medieval [show]Early modern [show]Modern [show]Contemporary [show]By topic [show]Timeline Spain portalv t e Spanish Texas was one of the interior provinces of the Spanish colonial Viceroyalty of New Spain from 1690 until 1821. Contents [ hide ]1 History2 Location3 Initial colonization attempts3.1 Missions4 Conflict with France5 Settlement difficulties5.1 Apache raids5.2 Missions for the Apache6 Peace with France6.1 Founding of Nacogdoches7 Conflict with the Native Americans7.1 Karankawa difficulties7.2 Peace with the Native Americans7.3 Comanchería8 Conflict with the United States9 End of Spanish period10 Legacy11 See also12 References12.1 Notes12.2 Sources13 Further reading History [ edit]Main article: New Spain Spain had claimed ownership of the territory, which comprised part of the present-day U. S. state of Texas, including the land north of the Medina and Nueces Rivers, but did not attempt to colonize the area until after locating evidence of the failed French colony of Fort Saint Louis in 1689. In 1690, Alonso de León escorted several Catholic missionaries to east Texas, where they established the first mission in Texas. When native tribes resisted the Spanish invasion of their homeland, the missionaries returned to Mexico, abandoning Texas for the next two decades. Trails taken by Spanish explorers from Mexico into Texas. The Spanish returned to southeastern Texas in 1716, establishing several missions and a presidio to maintain a buffer between Spanish territory and the French colonial Louisiana district of New France. Two years later in 1718, the first civilian settlement in Texas, San Antonio, was established as a way station between the missions and the next-nearest existing settlement. The new town quickly became a target for raids by the Lipan Apache. The raids continued periodically for almost three decades, until in 1749 when Spanish settlers and the Lipan Apache peoples made peace. But the treaty angered the enemies of the Apache, and resulted in raids on Spanish settlements by the Comanche, Tonkawa, and Hasinai tribes."
},
{
"docid": "D1018558#0",
"title": "http://www.amren.com/news/2013/08/the-real-life-tontos-how-comanche-indians-butchered-babies-roasted-enemies-alive-and-would-ride-1000-miles-to-wipe-out-one-family/\nThe Real-Life Tontos: How Comanche Indians Butchered Babies, Roasted Enemies Alive and Would Ride 1,000 Miles to Wipe Out One Family",
"text": "Posted on August 20, 2013The Real-Life Tontos: How Comanche Indians Butchered Babies, Roasted Enemies Alive and Would Ride 1,000 Miles to Wipe Out One Family Jonathan Foreman, Daily Mail (London), August 18, 2013The 16-year-old girl’s once-beautiful face was grotesque. She had been disfigured beyond all recognition in the 18 months she had been held captive by the Comanche Indians. Now, she was being offered back to the Texan authorities by Indian chiefs as part of a peace negotiation. To gasps of horror from the watching crowds, the Indians presented her at the Council House in the ranching town of San Antonio in 1840, the year Queen Victoria married Prince Albert. ‘Her head, arms and face were full of bruises and sores,’ wrote one witness, Mary Maverick. ‘ And her nose was actually burnt off to the bone. Both nostrils were wide open and denuded of flesh. ’Once handed over, Matilda Lockhart broke down as she described the horrors she had endured—the rape, the relentless sexual humiliation and the way Comanche squaws had tortured her with fire. It wasn’t just her nose, her thin body was hideously scarred all over with burns. When she mentioned she thought there were 15 other white captives at the Indians’ camp, all of them being subjected to a similar fate, the Texan lawmakers and officials said they were detaining the Comanche chiefs while they rescued the others."
},
{
"docid": "D1009008#0",
"title": "http://historytogo.utah.gov/people/ethnic_cultures/the_history_of_utahs_american_indians/chapter5.html\n.",
"text": "\"Chapter Five - The Northern Utes of Utah Preface Introduction Chapter One - Setting the Stage: Native America Revisited Chapter Two - The Northwestern Shoshone Chapter Three - The Goshute Indians of Utah Chapter Four - The Paiute Tribe of Utah Chapter Five - The Northern Utes of Utah Chapter Six - The White Mesa Utes Chapter Seven - The Navajos of Utah Conclusion: The Contemporary Status of Utah Indians Utah's Native Americans Clifford Duncan Creation and Migration Stories of the Utes The story of Sinauf, the god who was half man, half wolf, and his brothers Coyote and Wolf has been told many times in tipis and wickiups. According to Ute legend, these powerful animal-people kept the world in balance before humans were created. After Sinauf made people, humans took responsibility to care for the world, and in time they created many stories of their predecessors. These stories became the basis of Ute history and culture and defined the relationship of Ute Indians with all living elements, both spiritually and physically. Most often the stories were told during the winter months. As snow drifted in under the tipis through little gaps, children scrambled to cover the drafts. By the fire sat the elder, the storyteller. His listeners sat in a circle, bundled tightly in warm buffalo or rabbit robes, waiting eagerly for him to begin what could be a long night of stories. There were tales of acts of courage during summer's skirmishes and bravery during the fall hunts to be added to the tribe's oral history. But, always a favorite was the story of how the Nuche--the Utes--first came to be. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D567488#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiowa\nKiowa",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other uses, see Kiowa (disambiguation). Kiowa Ka'igwu Three Kiowa men, 1898Total population12,000 (2011) [1]Regions with significant populations United States ( Oklahoma)Languages English, Kiowa, Plains Sign Talk Religion Native American Church, traditional tribal religion, Sun Dance, Christianity Kiowa ( / ˈ k aɪ ə w ə, - w ɑː, - w eɪ / [2] [3]) people are a Native American tribe and an indigenous people of the Great Plains. They migrated southward from western Montana into the Rocky Mountains in Colorado in the 17th and 18th centuries, [4] and finally into the Southern Plains by the early 19th century. [ 5] In 1867, the Kiowa were moved to a reservation in southwestern Oklahoma. Today, they are federally recognized as Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma with headquarters in Carnegie, Oklahoma. [ 1] As of 2011, there were 12,000 members. [ 1] The Kiowa language (Cáuijògà), part of the Tanoan language family, is still spoken today. [ 6]Contents [ hide ]1 Name2 Language3 Government4 Economic development5 Traditional culture5.1 Food5.2 Transportation and habitation5.3 Socio-political organization5.4 Enemies and warrior culture5.5 Kiowa calendars6 History6.1 Early history and migration south6.2 Indian wars6.3 Transition period6.4 Reservation period6.5 Modern period6.6 Longhorn Mountain controversy7 Humanities7.1 Ledger art and hide painting7.2 Kiowa Six7.3 Painters and sculptors7.4 Bead artists7.5 Authors7.6 Musicians and composers7.7 Photographers7.8 Image gallery8 Notable Kiowas9 See also10 Notes11 References12 Further reading13 External links Name [ edit]Kiowa call themselves Ka'igwu, Cáuigù [7] or Gaigwu, most given with the meaning \"\"Principal People\"\". [ 4] The first part of the name is the element Kae-, Cáui- or Gai- which means the Kiowa themselves – it may derive from the word ka ' (mother) or from ka-a (a type of spear with feathers along its length). The true origin is lost."
},
{
"docid": "D2693015#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenni-Lenape\nLenape",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Lenni-Lenape)navigation search\"\"Delaware Indians\"\" and \"\"Delaware people\"\" redirect here. For other Native American peoples from present-day Delaware, see Category: Native American tribes in Delaware. For individual people from the state of Delaware, see List of people from Delaware. For other uses, see Lenape (disambiguation). Lenape Delaware people Lenapehoking, the original Lenape territory. [ 1] Munsee speakers in the north, Unami-speakers in the center, and Unalichtigo-speakers in the south. [ 2] [3] West/left side geographic limits correspond closely to ridgelines ( drainage divides) between the Susquehanna and Delaware river valleys. Total populationc. 16,000 [4]Regions with significant populations United States ( Oklahoma) 11,195 (2010) [5]United States ( Wisconsin) 1,565 [6]Languages English, Munsee, and Unami [4]Religion Christianity, Native American Church, traditional tribal religion Related ethnic groups Other Algonquian peoples Jennie Bobb and her daughter, Nellie Longhat (both Delaware), Oklahoma, 1915 [7]The Lenape ( English: / l ə ˈ n ɑː p i / or / ˈ l ɛ n ə p i / ), [8] also called the Leni Lenape, [9]Lenni Lenape and Delaware people, [10] are an indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands, who live in Canada and the United States. [ 4] Their historical territory included present-day New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania along the Delaware River watershed, New York City, western Long Island, and the Lower Hudson Valley. ["
},
{
"docid": "D142623#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheyenne_people\nCheyenne",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Cheyenne people)navigation search This article is about the Native American people. For the capital city in Wyoming, see Cheyenne, Wyoming. For other uses, see Cheyenne (disambiguation). Cheyenne Total population22,970 (Northern: 10,840 [1] Southern: 12,130 [2])Regions with significant populations United States ( Montana, Oklahoma)Languages Cheyenne, English, Plains Sign Talk Religiontraditional tribal religion, Native American Church, and Christianity Related ethnic groups Arapaho, Blackfoot, Suhtai, and other Algonquian peoples Cheyenne hide dress, ca. 1920, Gilcrease Museum Cheyenne beaded hide shirt, Woolaroc Cheyenne model tipi, buffalo hide, 1860The Cheyenne ( / ʃ aɪ ˈ æ n / shy- AN) are one of the indigenous peoples of the Great Plains and their language is of the Algonquian language family. The Cheyenne comprise two Native American tribes, the Só'taeo'o or Só'taétaneo'o (more commonly spelled as Suhtai or Sutaio) and the Tsétsêhéstâhese (also spelled Tsitsistas [3] ). These tribes merged in the early 19th century. Today, the Cheyenne people are split into two federally recognized Nations: the Southern Cheyenne, who are enrolled in the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes in Oklahoma, and the Northern Cheyenne, who are enrolled in the Northern Cheyenne Tribe of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation in Montana. At the time of their first contact with the Europeans, the Cheyenne were living in the area of what is now Minnesota. At times they have been allied with the Lakota and Arapaho, and at other points enemies of the Lakota."
},
{
"docid": "D2799806#0",
"title": "https://www.kshs.org/19284\nKiowa - Suffering of the 1840s",
"text": "Kiowa - Suffering of the 1840s A new smallpox epidemic swept through Kiowa camps during the winter of 1839 and 1840. This outbreak is believed to have killed one-third of the Native American population across the plains. Several tribes fled to the Texas panhandle in hopes of escaping the illness. The Kiowa stopped an ongoing fight with the Cheyenne in 1840. They agreed to share hunting grounds and recognized the Arkansas River in present-day Kansas as the border between the tribes. This agreement formed a merger between the Kiowa and Comanche alliance, including the Kiowa-Apache, and the Cheyenne and Arapaho alliance. This new alliance helped strengthen the number of warriors in the wake of the most recent epidemic. Euro-American settlers were encroaching on Kiowa lands and brought a new illness, cholera. The illness caused severe diarrhea that spread the pathogen through water contamination. With no effective sewage systems or method of water sanitation, cholera spread through communities with little resistance."
},
{
"docid": "D1855941#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheyenne\nCheyenne",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the Native American people. For the capital city in Wyoming, see Cheyenne, Wyoming. For other uses, see Cheyenne (disambiguation). Cheyenne Total population22,970 (Northern: 10,840 [1] Southern: 12,130 [2])Regions with significant populations United States ( Montana, Oklahoma)Languages Cheyenne, English, Plains Sign Talk Religiontraditional tribal religion, Native American Church, and Christianity Related ethnic groups Arapaho, Blackfoot, Suhtai, and other Algonquian peoples Cheyenne hide dress, ca. 1920, Gilcrease Museum Cheyenne beaded hide shirt, Woolaroc Cheyenne model tipi, buffalo hide, 1860The Cheyenne ( / ʃ aɪ ˈ æ n / shy- AN) are one of the indigenous peoples of the Great Plains and their language is of the Algonquian language family. The Cheyenne comprise two Native American tribes, the Só'taeo'o or Só'taétaneo'o (more commonly spelled as Suhtai or Sutaio) and the Tsétsêhéstâhese (also spelled Tsitsistas [3] ). These tribes merged in the early 19th century. Today, the Cheyenne people are split into two federally recognized Nations: the Southern Cheyenne, who are enrolled in the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes in Oklahoma, and the Northern Cheyenne, who are enrolled in the Northern Cheyenne Tribe of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation in Montana. At the time of their first contact with the Europeans, the Cheyenne were living in the area of what is now Minnesota. At times they have been allied with the Lakota and Arapaho, and at other points enemies of the Lakota."
},
{
"docid": "D3312014#0",
"title": "https://www.pinterest.com/pin/114419646757792600/\nExplore Native American Cherokee and more!",
"text": "\"Native American Cherokee Native American Wisdom Native American Pottery Native American Tribes Native American History Native Americans Indian Tribes Native Indian Native Art The Apache were born warriors - the fiercest and most feared of all American…See More Native American Prayers Native American Wisdom Native American Cherokee Native American History Native American Indians Native American Ancestry Native Americans Cherokee Indians Cherokee History Image detail for -Native American Style Medicine Wheels See More Warrior Tattoos Native Indian Native American Warriors Native Americans Native American Indians Fighter Tattoos Apache- so intense See Morefrom Zazzle Native American History Native American Indians Native American Ancestry Native Americans Native American Lessons Native American Projects Native American Legends Cherokee Indians The Americans Native America's Timeline, the last one about living anywhere they would like is alittle misleading since most stay on the reservations or nations for health care, family, lack of money to go anywhere else, many different reasons that the families are sti See More Native American Images Native American Artifacts Native American Tribes Native American History Native Americans Indian Artifacts Native Indian Clovis Point Flint Knapping Native American spear See More Native American Indians Native Americans Cherokee American Art Presidents Culture Mountains Community Cherokee Language Edward Two Moons. ~Edward is President of the Chiricahua Apache Nation, self sufficient community at the Dos Cabezas Mountains Sacred Lands. See More Apache Indian Native Indian Native Art Cowboys And Indians Native American Women Native American History Native American Indians American Indian Wars American Art The 100 Best Historical Photos of the American Indian See More Quanah Parker Native Indian Blackfoot Indian Indian Tribes Native American Women Native American History Native American Indians American Indian Art Native American Clothing Comanche: Needle Parker - The Beautiful and Accomplished Daughter of Quanah Parker and grand-daughter of Cynthia Ann Parker who kidnapped by the Indians as a child. See More Siksika Black Feet Indians 1910s Vintage 8x10 Reprint Of Old Photo Blackfoot Indian Indian Tribes Native Indian Native Art Native American Clothing Native American Tribes Native American History American Indian Decor Black Indians Siksika Black Feet Vintage Reprint Of Photo Siksika Black Feet Vintage Reprint Of Photo Here is a neat collectible featuring the Siksika Black Feet Indian tribe circa Vint See More Apache Indian Native Indian Native American Indians Native Americans Native American History Native American Cherokee Cherokee Nation Native American Warrior Native American Wisdom Western Apache Warrior - art by David Yorke See More Native Place Native American History Native American Tribes Native Indian Indian Tribes Native Americans North America Sonora Mexico Mexicans An Albumen Print Portrait Of A Yaqui Man From The State Of Sonora In Northern America. See More Native American History Native American Women Native American Indians American Indian Art Cherokee Indian Women Cherokee Indians Native American Cherokee Cherokee Woman Cherokee Nation Freckled Face, Arapahoe photographed by F. Rinehart, in Omaha Nebraska, January Photograph shows half-length portrait of an Arapahoe woman apparently See Moreby Buyenlarge Native American Clothing Native American History Cherokee Clothing Native American Indians Native American Beauty Native American Warrior Indian Tribes Native Indian Native Art Native American war shirts used by southwest Indian tribes are a very interesting part of American history. Worn by braves as badges of honor, they represented the bravery of the warrior during battle. Indian war shirts were often made of buckskin and dec See Morefrom missiondelrey.com Apache Native Indian Women & Horses 1900 8x10 Reprint Of Old Photo Native American Indians Native Americans Native American History Indian Tribes Native Indian Red Indian Indian Art Apache Indian Indian Pictures Native American Indian Pictures: Native American Photos of the Apache Hunters See More Native American Regalia Native American History Native American Wisdom Apache Indian Native Indian Vernon Ghost Towns North America Alabama\"\"Naiche - The last chief of the Chiricahua Apaches\"\" - At Mt. Vernon, Alabama, between 1887 and See More Native American History Native American Indians Native American Women Apache Indian North America Aztec History Indian Tribes Native Indian Cherokee Taza [Son of Cochise] Chiricahua Apache - before 1876See More Native American Men Native American Symbols Native American Quotes Apache Indian Native Indian Native Son Native Place October 31 Gelatin Must-ti-ende - White Mountain Apache, Arizona - Cheyenne Kane See More Native American Photos Native American Girls Native American History Native American Religion Native American Tribes American Art Apache Indian Native Indian Indian Tribes Native American prisoners of war 1886 - 1914 ~ Chiricahua Apache girl in a puberty dress, Fort Sill, Oklahoma. See More American Life American Art Native American Indians Native Americans Native American History Native American Images Apache Indian Native Indian Indian People An Apache Hunting Party See More Native American Clothing Native American History Native American Indians Native Americans American Art Native Indian Indian Art Western Movies Western Art Al Sieber \"\"Chief of Scouts\"\" surrounded by some of his intrepid Apaches. ( ancestor on my mothers side )See More Native American Masks American Crow Native American History Native Indian Native Art Indian Art Dog Soldiers Native Americans Dog Mask Native American Indian Crow Dog Spirit Mask See More Chief Naiche (son of Cochise) and co-leader of the Chiricahua Indians with Geronimo. ( Close-up of the group photo of 1886 by C. See More Apache Indian Native Indian Native American History Native American Ancestry Native American Images Native American Indians Native Americans Native Place Geronimo Nino Cochise Chief Chiricahua Apache, Son of Tahza and Nod-Ah-Sti [Niome], (Sister of Geronimo), grandson of Cochise (Daddy resembles him-BCR)See More Apache Indian Native Indian Indian Tribes Native American History Native American Indians Native American Women Indian Girls Girl Photos Arizona American Indian's History: Historic Apache Indian Girls Photo Gallery-Apache-Indian-girl-carrying a See More Native American History Native American Indians Native Americans Native Indian Paramedics Ancestry Wicca Genealogy Dancers) Never forget what blood runs through your veins."
},
{
"docid": "D1575917#0",
"title": "http://www.legendsofamerica.com/na-commanche.html\nThe Comanche â Horsemen of the Plains",
"text": "The Comanche – Horsemen of the Plains Comanche Painting Dating back to the early 1500’s, the Comanche were originally part of the Eastern Shoshone who lived near the upper reaches of the Platte River in eastern Wyoming. However, when the Europeans entered the scene and the tribe obtained horses, they broke off from the Shoshone with an estimated 10,000 members. Moving south, they first migrated to the central plains before continuing to move southward to an area that extended from the Arkansas River to central Texas. As they continued to migrate, the Comanche population increased dramatically due to the abundance of buffalo, an influx of Shoshone members, and the kidnapping of women and children from rival tribes and Mexican settlements. Long known as war-like and aggressive, some estimates state that up to 20,000 people were kidnapped. Unfortunately, the Comanche Indians did not treat their captives well, considering them little more than a slave and a commodity. From the moment of their capture until their death or release, they were both physically and mentally abused. Though the tribe was large, they never formed a single tribal unit, but rather, were divided into some eight to twelve independent groups. Sharing the same language and culture, they sometimes fought between bands and at other times were at peace, cooperating one with the other. Although the name Comanche is well known, it is uncertain where it originated."
},
{
"docid": "D1225826#0",
"title": "http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h3820.html\nLone Wolf",
"text": "\"Lone Wolf Introduction Born around 1820, Lone Wolf was a principal chief of the Kiowa, following the death of Chief Dohäsan. The Kiowa lived in what became Oklahoma, Kansas, and Colorado. In reaction to massive encroachment on their lands by white settlers, buffalo skinners and others, the Kiowa staged punitive raids in the vain hope of driving them out. Lone Wolf’s Indian name was Guipago. He was a leader among his tribe's militant minority during the U. S. Army's armed pacification in the 1860s and '70s, the period of violent domestication from nomadic to forced reservation life dictated by the federal government. Early career As a member of the Tsetanma, an elite warrior society, Lone Wolf emerged as a leader among the tribe's militant factions. In 1863, U. S. Indian agent S. G. Colley accompanied Lone Wolf, among several Indian delegates, to Washington, D. C. to establish a favorable peace policy. In October 18, 1865, Lone Wolf and other prominent chiefs signed the Little Arkansas Treaty with federal representatives. In the spring of 1866, Lone Wolf led his warriors on a series of raids into Texas. Although he attended the Medicine Lodge Council in Medicine Lodge, Kansas, he did not sign the 1867 Medicine Lodge Treaty."
},
{
"docid": "D2980360#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comanche_history\nComanche history",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. ( August 2013) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)For a summary of Comanche history see Comanche. Comanche territory c.1850Forming a part of the Eastern Shoshone linguistic group in southeastern Wyoming who moved on to the buffalo Plains around AD 1500 (based on glottochronological estimations), proto-Comanche groups split off and moved south some time before AD 1700. [ 1] The Shoshone migration to the Great Plains was apparently triggered by the Little Ice Age, which allowed bison herds to grow in population. [ 1] It is not clear why the proto-Comanches broke away from the main Plains Shoshones and migrated south. That move may have been inspired as much by the desire for Spanish horses released by the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 as by pressures from other groups drawn to the Plains by the changing environment. [ 1]The earliest known use of the term \"\"Comanche\"\" comes in 1706, when Comanches were reported to be preparing to attack far outlying Pueblo settlements in southern Colorado. [ 2] The Spanish may have translated from the Ute name for them, kɨmantsi (enemy). [ 3]There were fewer than 7,999 Comanches in 1870."
},
{
"docid": "D1460646#0",
"title": "http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.na.001\nNATIVE AMERICANS",
"text": "\"Encyclopedia of the Great Plains David J. Wishart, Editor Home Introduction Contents Contributors About NATIVE AMERICANSThe Plains Indian has been one of the most important and pervasive icons in American culture. Imagine him, for example, as a young man on horseback. Almost without effort, the image conjures up full-blown narratives of buffalo hunts and mounted warfare. Make the \"\"he\"\" into a young woman and imagine romantic tragedies of forced marriage and unrequited love. Make the Indian a wizened elder and see if you don't think of spiritual wonder and almost superhuman ecological communion. But don't forget that real people peer up from the depths of such timeless images. And while the images can be easily moved to the Hollywood backlot, those real people are not so easily detached from the Great Plains themselves, for this difficult environment framed ongoing historical transformations in Native political organization, social relations, economy, and culture. Along with the nomadic bison hunting popularized in the movies, Native Americans engaged in raiding, trading, pastoralism, agriculture, diplomacy, politics, religious innovation and syncretism, warfare, migration, wage labor, lawsuits, lobbying, and gaming. Through these adaptive strategies, the Plains peoples worked to protect and enhance their political power and their ability to sustain themselves economically, and to maintain their cultural distinctiveness. Longevity in the Plains Although some peoples came to the Plains earlier than others, Native Americans have lived there for a long time."
},
{
"docid": "D3310903#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenape\nLenape",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Delaware Indians\"\" and \"\"Delaware people\"\" redirect here. For other Native American peoples from present-day Delaware, see Category: Native American tribes in Delaware. For individual people from the state of Delaware, see List of people from Delaware. For other uses, see Lenape (disambiguation). Lenape Delaware people Lenapehoking, the original Lenape territory. [ 1] Munsee speakers in the north, Unami-speakers in the center, and Unalichtigo-speakers in the south. [ 2] [3] West/left side geographic limits correspond closely to ridgelines ( drainage divides) between the Susquehanna and Delaware river valleys. Total populationc. 16,000 [4]Regions with significant populations United States ( Oklahoma) 11,195 (2010) [5]United States ( Wisconsin) 1,565 [6]Languages English, Munsee, and Unami [4]Religion Christianity, Native American Church, traditional tribal religion Related ethnic groups Other Algonquian peoples Jennie Bobb and her daughter, Nellie Longhat (both Delaware), Oklahoma, 1915 [7]The Lenape ( English: / l ə ˈ n ɑː p i / or / ˈ l ɛ n ə p i / ), [8] also called the Leni Lenape, [9]Lenni Lenape and Delaware people, [10] are an indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands, who live in Canada and the United States. [ 4] Their historical territory included present-day New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania along the Delaware River watershed, New York City, western Long Island, and the Lower Hudson Valley. ["
}
] |
619945
|
what did the committee on public information sell
|
[
{
"docid": "D414083#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080413142143AAFx2PY\nWhat role did George Creel and the Committee on Public Information play in the World War I?",
"text": "\"Arts & Humanities History What role did George Creel and the Committee on Public Information play in the World War I? Follow 4 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: The Committee on Public Information (CPI), also known as the Creel Committee, organized publicity on behalf of U. S. objectives during World War I. In 1917, U. S. President Woodrow Wilson tapped muckraking journalist George Creel [1] to head the CPI. At the time, a strong current of public opinion in the United States opposed Wilson's plan to enter the war in Europe, and in fact Wilson had run for re-election in 1916 on the slogan, \"\"He kept us out of war.\"\" In a 1920 memoir, titled How We Advertised America, Creel wrote that the \"\"war was not fought in France alone\"\": It was the fight for the minds of men, for the \"\"conquest of their convictions,\"\" and the battle-line ran through every home in every country. It was in this recognition of Public Opinion as a major force that the Great War differed most essentially from all previous conflicts. The trial of strength was not only between massed bodies of armed men, but between opposed ideals, and moral verdicts took on all the value of military decisions. ... In all things, from first to last, without halt or change, it was a plain publicity proposition, a vast enterprise in salesmanship, the world's greatest adventure in advertising. ... There was no part of the great war machinery that we did not touch, no medium of appeal that we did not employ. The printed word, the spoken word, the motion picture, the telegraph, the cable, the wireless, the poster, the sign-board--all these were used in our campaign to make our own people and all other peoples understand the causes that compelled America to take arms. ... What we had to have was no mere surface unity, but a passionate belief in the justice of America's cause that should weld the people of the United States into one white-hot mass instinct with fraternity, devotion, courage, and deathless determination. ["
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D476546#0",
"title": "http://chart.copyrightdata.com/c01B.html\nWhere to Look in the Law",
"text": "01B limited publication About This Page This page contains the following subsections:01B.1 — limited publication of movies ( go there)Where to Look in the Law1909 Act: §2 1947 Act: §2 1976 Act: §102 “ [N]othing in this Act shall be construed to annul or limit the right of the author or proprietor of an unpublished work, at common law or in equity, to prevent the copying, publication, or use of such unpublished work without his consent, and to obtain damages therefor.” ( 1909 Act, §2; almost verbatim in 1947 Act. ) What the Supreme Court Ruled_Press Pub Co vs Monroe164 U. S. 105 (11-9-1896)Monroe, living in Chicago, was author of an unpublished manuscript. Press Pub Co. published the World newspaper in New York City. Monroe was first to file charges. Her complaint “alleged that prior to September, 1892, the plaintiff had composed and written out in manuscript, but had not published, a lyrical ode, the work of her intellect and imagination; that on September 23, 1892, a committee of the World’s Columbian Exposition made an agreement with the plaintiff, whereby, for a good consideration, they were licensed by her to use the ode, for the sole purpose of having it read or sung, or partly read and partly sung, on the public occasion of the dedicatory ceremonies of that exposition in the city of Chicago, on October 21, 1892; that the general ownership of the literary production, with the right of unlimited publication after that date, remained in the plaintiff; that, during the 10 days preceding said 23d of September, she delivered to the committee the manuscript of the ode, for the purpose expressed in the agreement of license, and with the injunction that the manuscript should be held secret, in order that the plaintiff’s right of property should be preserved inviolate, and especially that premature publication should be avoided; and that the utmost care was taken, both by the plaintiff and by the committee, to prevent or forestall piratical attempts on the part of newspapers; but that the defendant, through its officers and agents, between September 14 and September 23, 1892, surreptitiously obtained from the rooms of the committee the manuscript, or a copy thereof, and sent the same to its office in New York, and, disregarding a protest sent by the plaintiff by telegraph, published in its paper of September 25th the ode, with many errors, making portions of the poem appear meaningless, and with a grotesquely incorrect analysis, calculated to produce a false and ludicrous impression of the work; and that these wrongful acts of the defendant deprived the plaintiff of gains she would otherwise have received from the sale of the ode, and damaged her reputation as an author, and were a willful, wanton, and unlawful trespass upon her rights, and subjected her to shame, mortification, and great personal annoyance…“The plaintiff also testified that in May, 1892, she applied to the librarian of congress for a copyright of the ode, and deposited with him a copy of its title only, and on October 22d, the day after the dedicatory ceremonies, and not before, deposited with him two copies of the ode. ”The Supreme Court let stand the ruling of the lower court, which had decided, “This case is not one of statutory copyright. While some of the preliminaries to the establishment of such a right had been taken, the right was not complete, and on September 24, 1892, did not exist. On that day a copy of the unpublished manuscript came into the possession of the defendant. It had not then been published, although typewritten copies had been made for the examination and use of the musical composer, and for the examination of the committee whose duty it was to approve the work."
},
{
"docid": "D647670#0",
"title": "http://www.academia.edu/8417816/The_Career_Times_and_Legacy_of_Edward_L._Bernays\nThe Career, Times, and Legacy of Edward L. Bernays",
"text": "\"docx The Career, Times, and Legacy of Edward L. Bernays22 Pages The Career, Times, and Legacy of Edward L. Bernays Uploaded by Frank Fletcherconnect to download Get docx The Career, Times, and Legacy of Edward L. Bernays Download Running head: THE CAREER AND TIMES OF EDWARD L. BERNAYS 1 The Career, Times, and Legacy of Edward L. Bernays Frank Fletcher, Ed. D./MBA September 21, 2014 THE CAREER AND TIMES OF EDWARD L. BERNAYS 2 Abstract Using mass psychology to develop corporate and political persuasive messages. Edward L. Bernays influenced the evolution of the public relations field and in-turn the times he lived in from World War I through the start of the Information Age. This paper looks at Bernays’ career and legacy. It considers how Bernays’ work was influenced by his uncle Sigmund Freud. Also it looks at Bernays’ role in helping the development of consumer capitalism. Finally the paper discusses Bernays’ legacy as a pioneering genius in the field of public relations, but also the criticism that Bernays was an elitist willing to abuse the powers of mass persuasion. . THE CAREER AND TIMES OF EDWARD L. BERNAYS 3 The Career and Times of Edward L. Bernays Edward L. Bernays, considered by some the “Father of Public Relations,” died in 1995 at age of 103. His obituary in the New York Times observed that depending on you r point of view, he was “either a benefactor of the human race or someone who had a lot to answer for.” While Bernays identified himself as a public relations counselor, his detractors described him as a glorified press agent or an “evil puppet master.” ("
},
{
"docid": "D2489751#0",
"title": "http://www.sagewisdom.org/legalstatus.html\n.",
"text": "\"THE LEGAL STATUS OF SALVIA DIVINORUM (This page was last updated on August 12, 2015)The Salvia divinorum Research and Information Center is created and maintained by Daniel Siebert Legal Status Salvia divinorum is a valuable medicinal herb. Because it produces profoundly introspective states of awareness, it is intrinsically unsuitable for recreational use (i.e., it is not a “party drug”). It is not habit-forming, not addictive, and does not present a significant risk to public health or safety. Because it is a powerful consciousness-altering herb, some regulation of sales is sensible and appropriate. It is reasonable to require that vendors provide detailed safety information and guidelines for responsible use. It also makes sense to limit the salvinorin A content of extracts sold in bulk form—extremely potent extracts should only be sold in pre-measured individual doses. It is appropriate to prohibit delivery to minors. It is also appropriate to prohibit reckless use, such as driving a vehicle while inebriated. There are many already-existing non-drug-specific laws that can be enforced against reckless salvia users (e.g., laws that prohibit public endangerment, public intoxication, reckless driving, etc.). Legislation should only penalize irresponsible use, not all use."
},
{
"docid": "D2654091#0",
"title": "http://message.snopes.com/showthread.php?t=72415\n.",
"text": "\"# 1 17 April 2011, 01:30 AMsnopes Join Date: 18 February 2000Location: California Posts: 109,637Government salaries Comment: Salary of the US President...$400,000. Salary of retired US Presidents...$180,000. Salary of House/Senate...$174,000. Salary of Speaker of House...$223,500... Salary of Majority/Minority Leaders...$193,400... Average US Salary...$33,000 to $77,000. HELLO! I think we found where the cuts should be made! If you agree... repost! I think we...... should start from the top and work our way down. Snopes - are these figures accurate?# 2 17 April 2011, 01:45 AMquink Join Date: 22 June 2005Location: Calgary, ABPosts: 3,193Call me crazy, but I would hope that the person running the country is being paid more than your average retail assistant manager...# 3 17 April 2011, 01:58 AMA Turtle Named Mack Join Date: 21 June 2007Location: Marietta, GAPosts: 21,447I do not know why people get so upset over the pay for some of the positions carrying the most responsibility in the nation."
},
{
"docid": "D2182314#0",
"title": "http://www.authentichistory.com/1914-1920/2-homefront/1-propaganda/index.html\nWWI: The Home Front",
"text": "\"Manipulating Minds: The War Propaganda Machine Until the advent of the Cold War in the 1950s, America traditionally maintained a relatively small standing army. Whenever war broke out, it was necessary for the country to mobilize—to recruit (and sometimes draft) troops, to train them, and to produce the arms, equipment, and supplies needed to fight. In other words, the US needed bodies, money, and time. When Congress and the President declared war on Germany in April, mobilization took on extreme urgency. The government’s overarching task was to persuade Americans to invest in the war, both financially and emotionally. The financial contributions would be made by purchasing war bonds—loans to the federal government to be repaid at some future date, with modest interest. The emotional investment meant believing in the cause and demonstrating that belief through volunteer service (men for the military, women for Glass slide to be projected at movie theaters promoting war bond sales (4 versions) Liberty Loan Bond certificate (2 versions)the nurse corps), displays of patriotism, and through shared sacrifice. To accomplish this feat, the U. S. government in 1917 felt compelled to promote a singular patriotic message, and to stifle any opposing message. The latter was done through new laws that put constitutionally questionable limits on free expression, and is discussed in another next section. The former—putting out a singular patriotic message, was done primarily through new government organizations, especially the Committee on Public Information, and the U. S. Food Administration."
},
{
"docid": "D2012962#0",
"title": "https://www.sec.gov/rules/final/33-8183.htm\nSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION17 CFR PARTS 210, 240, 249 and 274 [RELEASE NO. 33-8183; 34-47265; 35-27642; IC-25915; IA-2103, FR-68, File No. S7-49-02]RIN 3235-AI73",
"text": "\"Webmaster Note: Correction to Final Regulations is now available. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION17 CFR PARTS 210, 240, 249 and 274 [RELEASE NO. 33-8183; 34-47265; 35-27642; IC-25915; IA-2103, FR-68, File No. S7-49-02]RIN 3235-AI73Strengthening the Commission's Requirements Regarding Auditor Independence Agency: Securities and Exchange Commission Action: Final rule Summary: The Securities and Exchange Commission (\"\"SEC\"\" or \"\"Commission\"\") is adopting amendments to its existing requirements regarding auditor independence to enhance the independence of accountants that audit and review financial statements and prepare attestation reports filed with the Commission. The final rules recognize the critical role played by audit committees in the financial reporting process and the unique position of audit committees in assuring auditor independence. Consistent with the direction of Section 208 (a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, we are adopting rules to: revise the Commission's regulations related to the non-audit services that, if provided to an audit client, would impair an accounting firm's independence; require that an issuer's audit committee pre-approve all audit and non-audit services provided to the issuer by the auditor of an issuer's financial statements; prohibit certain partners on the audit engagement team from providing audit services to the issuer for more than five or seven consecutive years, depending on the partner's involvement in the audit, except that certain small accounting firms may be exempted from this requirement; prohibit an accounting firm from auditing an issuer's financial statements if certain members of management of that issuer had been members of the accounting firm's audit engagement team within the one-year period preceding the commencement of audit procedures; require that the auditor of an issuer's financial statements report certain matters to the issuer's audit committee, including \"\"critical\"\" accounting policies used by the issuer; and require disclosures to investors of information related to audit and non-audit services provided by, and fees paid to, the auditor of the issuer's financial statements. In addition, under the final rules, an accountant would not be independent from an audit client if an audit partner received compensation based on selling engagements to that client for services other than audit, review and attest services. As described further in the release, these rules also will have an impact on foreign accounting firms that conduct audits of foreign subsidiaries and affiliates of U. S. issuers, as well as of foreign private issuers. Many of the modifications to the proposed rules, such as those limiting the scope of partner rotation and personnel subject to the \"\"cooling off period,\"\" have the added benefit of addressing particular concerns raised about the international implications of these requirements. Moreover, additional time is being afforded to foreign accounting firms with respect to compliance with rotation requirements."
},
{
"docid": "D3223864#0",
"title": "https://www.sec.gov/news/speech/2013-spch041913laahtm\nInstitutional Investors: Power and Responsibility",
"text": "\"Institutional Investors: Power and Responsibility Commissioner Luis A. Aguilar U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission Georgia State University — J. Mack Robinson College of Business, Center for the Economic Analysis of Risk (CEAR) — Department of Finance, CEAR Workshop — Institutional Investors: Control, Liquidity, and Systemic Risks, The Commerce Clu April 19, 2013Good evening. Thank you for that kind introduction. I am glad to be here at Georgia State University and the J. Mack College of Business. I would like to thank the Center for the Economic Analysis of Risk (CEAR) and the Department of Finance for sponsoring this workshop. Before I begin, let me issue the standard disclaimer that the views I express this evening are my own, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), my fellow Commissioners, or members of the staff. I am particularly pleased to be at a conference that focuses on the role of institutional investors and their impact on corporate control, market liquidity, and systemic risk. The SEC has a great deal of interest in these areas and I hope that you will provide us with any observations that can help inform the SEC’s understanding. Role Played by Institutional Investors The topic of your conference recognizes the important role played by institutional investors and the great influence they exert in our capital markets. The role and influence of institutional investors has grown over time. For example, the proportion of U. S. public equities managed by institutions has risen steadily over the past six decades, from about 7 or 8% of market capitalization in 1950, to about 67 % in 2010."
},
{
"docid": "D3392619#0",
"title": "https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/adp_e/adp_info_e.htm\nTechnical Information on anti-dumping",
"text": "\"Introductionback to top Dumping in the GATT/WTOWhat is dumping? Dumping is, in general, a situation of international price discrimination, where the price of a product when sold in the importing country is less than the price of that product in the market of the exporting country. Thus, in the simplest of cases, one identifies dumping simply by comparing prices in two markets. However, the situation is rarely, if ever, that simple, and in most cases it is necessary to undertake a series of complex analytical steps in order to determine the appropriate price in the market of the exporting country (known as the “normal value”) and the appropriate price in the market of the importing country (known as the “export price”) so as to be able to undertake an appropriate comparison. Article VI of GATT and the Anti-Dumping Agreement The GATT 1994 sets forth a number of basic principles applicable in trade between Members of the WTO, including the “most favoured nation” principle. It also requires that imported products not be subject to internal taxes or other changes in excess of those imposed on domestic goods, and that imported goods in other respects be accorded treatment no less favourable than domestic goods under domestic laws and regulations, and establishes rules regarding quantitative restrictions, fees and formalities related to importation, and customs valuation. Members of the WTO also agreed to the establishment of schedules of bound tariff rates. Article VI of GATT 1994, on the other hand, explicitly authorizes the imposition of a specific anti-dumping duty on imports from a particular source, in excess of bound rates, in cases where dumping causes or threatens injury to a domestic industry, or materially retards the establishment of a domestic industry. The Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of GATT 1994, commonly known as the Anti-Dumping Agreement, provides further elaboration on the basic principles set forth in Article VI itself, to govern the investigation, determination, and application, of anti-dumping duties. Previous Agreements As tariff rates were lowered over time following the original GATT agreement, anti-dumping duties were increasingly imposed, and the inadequacy of Article VI to govern their imposition became ever more apparent."
},
{
"docid": "D2699818#0",
"title": "https://www.animallaw.info/article/animal-welfare-act\nThe Animal Welfare Act",
"text": "THE ANIMAL WELFARE ACTHenry Cohen *I. Overview The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) [1]is a federal statute that directs the Secretary of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) to “promulgate standards to govern the humane handling, care, treatment, and transportation of animals by dealers, research facilities, and exhibitors.” [ 2] The AWA also requires the Secretary to “promulgate standards to govern the transportation in commerce, and the handling, care, and treatment in connection therewith, by intermediate handlers, air carriers, or other carriers, of animals consigned by any . . . person . . . for transportation in commerce.” [ 3] The Secretary has delegated these duties to the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) in the USDA. By requiring standards to govern the treatment of animals by dealers, exhibitors, and research facilities, the AWA protects animals that are sold or transported in commerce, [4] exhibited in “carnivals, circuses, and zoos” (but not “retail pet stores, state and country [sic] fairs, livestock shows, rodeos, and purebred dog and cat shows”), [5] or experimented upon in laboratories, except that the AWA covers only about five or ten percent of laboratory animals. The reason that it covers only about five or ten percent of laboratory animals is that it defines “animal” to exclude rats and mice bred for research, [6] and rats and mice reportedly constitute 90 [7] or 95 [8] percent of animals used in research. [ 9] The AWA also does not cover farm animals, [10] of which more than 9 billion are slaughtered annually in the United States. [ 11]The AWA requires every research facility to establish an Institutional Animal Committee of at least three members, at least one of whom shall not be affiliated in any way with the facility and who is intended to represent “general community interests in the proper care and treatment of animals.” [ 12] Federal research facilities must also establish Institutional Animal Committees. ["
},
{
"docid": "D860187#0",
"title": "http://www.mofojumpstarter.com/regulation-a/\nMOFO Jumpstarter",
"text": "MOFO Jumpstarter For jumpstarts, upstarts and start-ups Home Contact FAQs Books Charts Pointers Resources Search…Regulation A+Subscribe to Regulation A+Securities Offering Exemptions to Consider When Raising Capital By Carlos Juarez on December 14, 2017Posted in Capital Formation, Private Placements, Regulation A+, Rule 506In NASDAQ Private Markets’ recent video blog, Anna Pinedo highlights the available private placement exemptions and the factors that companies should consider when contemplating a private placement, including how to choose among the available exemptions. To watch this video, visit the NASDAQ Private Markets Resource Center. Capital Formation Bills Pass House Financial Services Committee By Carlos Juarez on November 22, 2017Posted in BDCs, Capital Formation, Dodd-Frank News, House Financial Services Committee, Pending Legislation, Regulation A+, SEC News On November 15, the House Financial Services Committee approved 23 bills, which included various bills that facilitate capital formation and reduce certain regulatory requirements. Chairman of the Committee, Jeb Hensarling, stated that these bills “…will provide smaller businesses with greater access to the capital markets so those businesses can grow and create jobs.” The following were included among the approved bills: H. R. 4263 , the Regulation A+ Improvement Act, which proposes to increase the amount that companies can offer and sell under SEC Regulation A, Tier II, from $50 million to $75 million. The bill passed 37-23. H. R. 4015, the Corporate Governance Reform and Transparency Act of 2017, which provides for the registration of proxy advisory firms with the SEC, disclosure of proxy firms’ potential conflicts of interest and codes of ethics, and the disclosure of proxy firms’ methodologies for formulating proxy recommendations and analyses. The bill passed 40-20. H. R. 4248, which proposes to repeal Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act, and would require public companies to disclose in annual reports filed with the SEC whether the company sources “conflict minerals” from the Democratic Republic of Congo and its nine neighboring countries. The bill passed 32-27."
},
{
"docid": "D5331#0",
"title": "http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/ALLEN/ch6.html\n.",
"text": "\"Having been personal attorney for Warren G. Harding before he was Senator from Ohio and while he was Senator, and thereafter until his death. --And for Mrs. Harding for a period of several years, and before her husband was elected President and after his death, --And having been attorney for the Midland National Bank of Washington Court House, O., and for my brother, M. S. Daugherty, --And having been Attorney-General of the United States during the time that President Harding served as President, --And also for a time after President Harding's death under President Coolidge, --And with all of those named, as attorney, personal friend, and Attorney-General, my relations were of the most confidential character as well as professional, --I refuse to testify and answer questions put to me, because: The answer I might give or make and the testimony I might give might tend to incriminate me.--Harry M. Daugherty's written reply when called upon by Judge Thacher for information for the Federal Grand Jury in New York, March 31, 1926. ( Punctuation revised. ) ON THE morning of March 4, 1921,—a brilliant morning with a frosty air and a wind which whipped the flags of Washington—Woodrow Wilson, broken and bent and ill, limped from the White House door to a waiting automobile, rode down Pennsylvania Avenue to the Capitol with the stalwart President-elect at his side, and returned to the bitter seclusion of his private house in S Street. Warren Gamaliel Harding was sworn in as President of the United States. The reign of normalcy had begun. March 4, 1921: what do those cold figures mean to you? Let us for turn back for a moment to that day and look about us. The war had been over for more than two years, although, as the Treaty of Versailles had been thrown out by the Senate and Woodrow Wilson had refused to compromise with the gentlemen at the other end of the Avenue, a technical state of war still existed between Germany and the United States. Business, having boomed until the middle of 1920, was collapsing into the depths of depression and dragging down with it the price-level which had caused so much uproar about the High Cost of Living."
},
{
"docid": "D264030#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/12102643/hipaa-practice-exam-flash-cards/\nHIPAA Practice Exam",
"text": "\"33 terms LLB52HIPAA Practice Exam Question to assist in preparation for HIPPA certification Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort When did HIPAA Become law? August 21, 1996What does the acronym HIPAA mean? Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996. What are other names for HIPAA? 1) Public Law 104-194 (H. R. 3103) 2) The Kennedy Kassebaum Bill Why was HIPAA passed? a. Improve portability and continuity of health insurance coverage. b. Combat waste, fraud, and abuse in health insurance and health care delivery c. Promote the use of medical savings accounts d. Improve access to long term health care coverage e. Simplify the administration of health insurance Which Title is \"\"The Heart of HIPPA legislation?\"\" Title II Administrative Simplification What is the purpose of HIPAA?"
},
{
"docid": "D3502663#0",
"title": "http://sorosfiles.com/soros/2011/10/obamas-master-george-soros-supporting-americas-enemies-at-home-and-abroad.html\nObamaâs Master George Soros: Supporting Americaâs Enemies at Home and Abroad",
"text": "Obama’s Master George Soros: Supporting America’s Enemies at Home and Abroadby Cliff Kincaid on 29 Oct 2011One of his own books calls him the “Stateless Statesman” and he has been honored as a “globalist.” He is usually referred to by the liberal media as a “financier” or “philanthropist.” In fact, George Soros is a billionaire hedge fund operator whose financial manipulations can affect the fates of nations and their currencies. His hedge fund, Quantum Funds, is based off-shore, making the sources of his funds practically impossible to determine. Forbes magazine says Soros has a net worth of $22 billion, making him the seventh richest person in America. 1 The only hedge-fund manager ranked in Forbes’s top ten, Soros lives in Katonah, New York. He has been using much of the money to support the Democratic Party and organizations associated with it. The exact figure is not known, but it is reported that he spent at least $27 million to defeat President George W. Bush in 2004. At the time, Washington Post columnist Harold Meyerson, a member of the Democratic Socialists of America, praised Soros for engineering the “privatization” of the Democratic Party through funding of the “527? political groups and bypassing what he called an incompetent Democratic Party apparatus."
},
{
"docid": "D1006925#0",
"title": "https://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/103456\nTransparency and Fairness in the Acquisition Process: Excluded Parties List System",
"text": "\"This is archived information. It may contain outdated contact names, telephone numbers, Web links, or other information. For up-to-date information visit GSA.gov pages by topic or contact our Office of Public Affairs at [email protected]. For a list of public affairs officers by beat, visit the GSA Newsroom. Transparency and Fairness in the Acquisition Process: Excluded Parties List System STATEMENT OF JAMES A. WILLIAMS COMMISSIONER FEDERAL ACQUISITION SERVICE U. S. GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND GOVERNMENT REFORM U. S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES FEBRUARY 26, 2009Chairman Towns, Ranking Member Issa, and Members of the Committee, I would like to thank the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform for inviting me here today to discuss the U. S. General Services Administration’s Excluded Parties List System (EPLS). GSA takes its role as the central management agency and the leader in interagency procurement very seriously. My testimony will discuss GSA’s commitment to transparency and fairness in acquisition processes, the EPLS report issued by the Government Accountability Office (GAO), and actions we are taking as a result of GAO’s recommendations. As Commissioner of GSA’s Federal Acquisition Service (FAS), I oversee an organization that is a catalyst for over $50 billion in federal spending including an interagency fleet of 200,000 vehicles, and commercial products and services ranging from office supplies to complex network systems costing more than $100 million. The GSA Multiple Award Schedules program is one of the Federal government's best known and most popular contracting vehicles for customers to use in fulfilling their missions. Through GSA Schedules we offer 18 million commercial products and services available from over 17,000 contractors at a volume of approximately $38 billion."
},
{
"docid": "D723877#0",
"title": "http://eh.net/encyclopedia/the-1929-stock-market-crash/\nThe 1929 Stock Market Crash",
"text": "The 1929 Stock Market Crash Harold Bierman, Jr., Cornell University Overview The 1929 stock market crash is conventionally said to have occurred on Thursday the 24 th and Tuesday the 29 th of October. These two dates have been dubbed “Black Thursday” and “Black Tuesday,” respectively. On September 3, 1929, the Dow Jones Industrial Average reached a record high of 381.2. At the end of the market day on Thursday, October 24, the market was at 299.5 — a 21 percent decline from the high. On this day the market fell 33 points — a drop of 9 percent — on trading that was approximately three times the normal daily volume for the first nine months of the year. By all accounts, there was a selling panic. By November 13, 1929, the market had fallen to 199. By the time the crash was completed in 1932, following an unprecedentedly large economic depression, stocks had lost nearly 90 percent of their value. The events of Black Thursday are normally defined to be the start of the stock market crash of 1929-1932, but the series of events leading to the crash started before that date. This article examines the causes of the 1929 stock market crash."
},
{
"docid": "D2514735#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarence_Thomas_Supreme_Court_nomination\nClarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Official portrait of Clarence Thomas as chairman of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission c. 1989–1990On July 1, 1991, President George H. W. Bush nominated Clarence Thomas for the Supreme Court of the United States to replace Thurgood Marshall, who had announced his retirement. [ 1] The nomination proceedings were contentious from the start, especially over the issue of abortion, and many women's groups and civil rights groups opposed Thomas on the basis of his conservative political views, as they had also opposed Bush's Supreme Court nominee from the previous year, David Souter. [ 2]Toward the end of the confirmation hearings, behavior allegations by Anita Hill, a law professor who had previously worked under Thomas at the United States Department of Education and then at the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), were leaked to the media from a confidential FBI report. The allegations led to a media frenzy about sexual harassment, and further investigations. Televised hearings were re-opened and held by the Senate Judiciary Committee before the nomination was moved to the full Senate for a vote. [ 3] Thomas was confirmed by a narrow majority of 52 to 48. Contents [ hide ]1 Nomination2 Early hearings3 Allegations about sexual comments3.1 Anita Hill testimony3.2 Statements in support of Hill's allegations3.3 Clarence Thomas testimony3.4 Testimony and statements in support of Thomas4 Senate confirmation5 Cultural impact6 Books6.1 Authors skeptical about Hill's allegations6.2 Authors supporting Hill's allegations6.3 Autobiographies by Hill and Thomas7 Films8 See also9 Notes10 Footnotes11 Further reading12 External links Nomination [ edit]Justice William Brennan stepped down from the Supreme Court in 1990. Thomas was one of five candidates on Bush's shortlist and was the one that Bush was most interested in nominating. Bush's staff made three arguments against nominating Thomas at the time: Thomas had only served eight months as a judge at the time; Bush could expect to replace Thurgood Marshall with Thomas in due time; and multiple senior advisors told Bush that they did not feel that Thomas was ready. [ 4] [5] [6] Bush eventually decided to nominate Judge David Souter of the First Circuit instead, who was easily confirmed. ["
},
{
"docid": "D3299264#0",
"title": "https://www.sec.gov/info/accountants/ocafaqaudind121304.htm\nOffice of the Chief Accountant: Application of the Commissionâs Rules on Auditor Independence Frequently Asked Questions",
"text": "\"Office of the Chief Accountant: Application of the Commission’s Rules on Auditor Independence Frequently Asked Questions The answers to these frequently asked questions represent the views of the Office of the Chief Accountant. They are not rules, regulations or statements of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Further, the Commission has neither approved nor disapproved them. Note: The SEC staff has received questions regarding the implementation and interpretation of the Commission's Rules on Auditor Independence, most recently relating to the Commission's Rules on Strengthening the Commission's Requirements Regarding Auditor Independence ( Release No. 33-8183, January 28, 2003). We encourage these questions and related correspondence regarding auditor independence. Additional questions on auditor independence issues should be directed to Vassilios Karapanos ( [email protected], (202) 551-5328), Karen Liu ( [email protected], (202) 551-5334), or Michael Husich ( [email protected], (202) 551-5319) in the Office of the Chief Accountant, Mail Stop 6628, 100 F Street, N. E. Washington, DC 20549; telephone: (202) 551-5300. Questions regarding disclosure in proxy statements should be directed to the Office of Chief Counsel in the Division of Corporation Finance at (202) 551-3520. Questions related to investment companies should be directed to Megan Monroe ( [email protected]) or Alan Dupski ( [email protected]) in the Division of Investment Management at (202) 551-6918. Partner Rotation-Transition Questions Audit Partner and Partner Rotation Prohibited and Non-audit Services Other Matters Audit Committee Pre-approval Audit Committee Communications Fee Disclosures\"\"Cooling Off\"\" Period Broker-Dealer and Investment Advisers Partner Rotation-Transition Questions Question 1 (issued August 13, 2003)Q: The 2003 audit of a calendar year client will be the last audit of that client for the person currently serving as the \"\"lead\"\" partner."
},
{
"docid": "D179209#0",
"title": "http://theplate.nationalgeographic.com/2016/05/17/scientists-say-gmo-foods-are-safe-public-skepticism-remains/\nScientists Say GMO Foods Are Safe, Public Skepticism Remains",
"text": "May 17, 2016Scientists Say GMO Foods Are Safe, Public Skepticism Remainsby Tamar Haspel Genetically-engineered crops are as safe to eat as their non-GE counterparts, they have no adverse environmental impacts, and they have reduced the use of pesticides. That’s according to a comprehensive report released by the National Academy of Sciences today—a group founded by the U. S. Congress to provide expert scientifically-based advice on a wide variety of issues. But the academy also found that GE or (genetically-modified organisms or GMO) crops didn’t increase those crops’ potential yields, and they did lead to widespread and expensive problems with herbicide-resistant weeds. The report acknowledges that beyond safety, other issues need to be addressed, including earning the public’s trust. It recommends a more transparent and inclusive conversation about GE crops going forward. The report, two years in the making, is a 388-page, comprehensive look at every aspect of genetically engineered crops. “ Sweeping statements about GE crops are problematic because issues related to them are multidimensional,” the report says right up front, and goes on to dig deep on those dimensions.170.3 million hectares have been planted with genetically-engineered crops, as shown on this map. Courtesy National Academy of Sciences The assessment is generally positive, but there are many caveats and notes of caution. For those of you who want just the big takeaways, here’s the nutshell version: GE crops are safe to eat. There is always uncertainty about safety, of course, but there’s no evidence of harm."
},
{
"docid": "D1163149#0",
"title": "https://www.npr.org/2018/01/24/580068641/the-memo-the-bureau-and-the-missing-texts-get-caught-up-on-the-war-over-the-fbi\nThe Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBI",
"text": "\"National Security The Memo, The Bureau And The Missing Texts: Get Caught Up On The War Over The FBIJanuary 24, 2018 5:01 AM ETRyan Lucas Twitter Enlarge this image Republicans have lots to say publicly about a secret memo by Rep. Devin Nunes, R-Calif., that they say exposes abuse of power by the Obama administration. Win Mc Namee/Getty Images Updated at 3:39 p.m. EST on Jan. 24The hottest thing on Capitol Hill this week is a document that no one in the outside world is allowed to see. A secret four-page memorandum prepared by the chairman of the House Intelligence Committee has become a rallying cry for Republicans waging a sustained campaign against the FBI and the Justice Department. The document, pulled together by Rep. Devin Nunes, R-Calif., alleges that the Obama administration abused the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act in targeting the Trump campaign. The specifics aren't clear because it is classified and available only to members of Congress. What is clear is that Nunes' colleagues who have read the memo say it must be public. But the process by which Congress could release a document involving classified information from the executive branch is fraught — and Nunes has so far not taken the step of sharing it with the FBI. But the secrecy has not stopped Republicans from sounding an alarm about what they say is a scandal of epic proportions: a huge alleged abuse of surveillance power by the previous administration."
},
{
"docid": "D1499758#0",
"title": "http://keywiki.org/Barack_Obama_and_Democratic_Socialists_of_America/Socialism\nBarack Obama and Democratic Socialists of America/Socialism",
"text": "\"President Barack Obama44 th President of the United States Assumed office: January 20, 2009Born August 4, 1961Birth name Barack Hussein Obama IINationality American Political party Democratic Party Spouse Michelle Obama (m. 1992)Political party Democratic Party Religion Christian Liberation Theology Signature This article is part of a series about Barack Obama Biography • Political Career • Controversial and Radical Associates • Radical Appointments • Ties to Islam • Presidency Invovlement with: Democratic Socialists of America • New Party/Progressive Chicago • Communist Party • Committees of Correspondence • Labor Movement • ACORN & Project Vote • more... Contents [ hide ]1 \"\"Obama can be linked to Democratic Socialists of America\"\"2 Democratic Socialists of America3 Marxism4 Socialist Scholars Conferences5 First known link to Chicago DSA6 DSA forum7 DSA endorsement8 Saul Mendelson's funeral9 Chicago Committee to Defend the Bill of Rights10 Sponsored by Jan Schakowsky11 Quentin Young11.1 Healthcare influence12 Timuel Black13 Rabbi Arnold Jacob Wolf14 Danny K. Davis15 Wishing Tim Carpenter well16 Take Back America Conferences17 21st Century Democrats support18 Save Our Security Illinois Coalition19 Consulting Eliseo Medina on Immigration20 DSA and Progressives for Obama21 Supporting Obama in '0822 DSA campaign appointments23 Obama appointments-DSA connected24 Supporting hunger strikers25 European Socialist ties26 References Barack Obama and the Democratic Socialists of America\"\"Obama can be linked to Democratic Socialists of America\"\"Writing in the radical (and Democratic Socialists of America connected) Chicago magazine In These Times, in March 2008, Joel Bleifuss asserted;In particular, Obama can be linked to the Democratic Socialists of America (DSA), the Democratic Party-oriented organization that is a member of the Socialist International Democratic Socialists of America Democratic Socialists of America (DSA) is the largest socialist organization in the US. It is one of two official U. S. affiliates of the Socialist International. It was formed in 1982 from a merger of the Michael Harrington led Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee and the smaller New American Movement . DSA works inside the Democratic Party and has cross membership with the Communist Party USA, Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism, Socialist Party USA and the Green Party USA . DSA has close ties to the radical Institute for Policy Studies, ACORN, Jobs with Justice, Congressional Progressive Caucus and publications including Dissent, The Nation and The American Prospect . Marxism While not overtly so, Democratic Socialists of America is essentially a Marxist organization. In an article in DSA's Democratic Left, Spring 2007, DSA National political Committee member David Green of Detroit wrote in support of the Employee Free Choice Act (EFCA)-or \"\"card check\"\". [ 1]What distinguishes socialists from other progressives is the theory of surplus value. According to Marx, the secret of surplus value is that workers are a source of more value than they receive in wages. The capitalist is able to capture surplus value through his ownership of the means of production, his right to purchase labor as a commodity, his control over the production process, and his ownership of the final product."
}
] |
619956
|
what did the congress of vienna accomplish
|
[
{
"docid": "D1326149#0",
"title": "http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/westn/congvienna.html\n.",
"text": "\"HS-102 Readings Congress of Vienna WHAT WERE THE GOALS OF THE MAJOR POWERS AT THE CONGRESS OFVIENNA? HOW REALISTIC WERE THE GOALS? HOW WELL DID THEY MEET THEM?1. The Balance of Power2. The Status quo3. The Dual Revolutions4. The Revolution of 1830The Congress of Vienna was convened in 1815 by the four European powers which had defeated Napoleon. The first goal was to establish a new balance of power in Europe which would prevent imperialism within Europe, such as the Napoleonic empire, and maintain the peace between the great powers. The second goal was to prevent political revolutions, such as the French Revolution, and maintain the status quo. Disagreement between Russia and Prussia on the one hand and Britain and Austria on the other about boundary provisions in Eastern Europe led to a threat of renewed hostilities."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1170165#0",
"title": "http://www.conservapedia.com/Congress_of_Vienna\nCongress of Vienna",
"text": "\"The Congress of Vienna was a conference held in Vienna between the major powers from September, 1814 to June, 1815. In the middle Napoleon returned from exile. The conferees agreed to raise vast armies against him and, after 100 days, he was defeated at Waterloo. The Conference then resumed. The victors decided how to liquidate the Napoleonic system and restore the conservatives to their thrones. Central players were Lord Castlereagh of Great Britain, Prince Metternich of Austria, and Prince Talleyrand of France. Many other dignitaries attended, including Emperor Francis I of Austria; Tsar Alexander I of Russia; King Frederick William III of Prussia; the Kings of Denmark, Bavaria, and Württemberg; the Duke of Wellington; and Baron Wilhelm von Humboldt, among many others. The Ottoman Empire and the United States were not invited, but all the other European nations were there. The purpose of the Congress was to work out a peaceful solution to the disruptions of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (Napoleon was in exile on Elba when it started); and reinforce the pre-war status quo regarding the Balance of Power in Europe. The delegates followed two guiding principles: legitimate ruling families had to be restored to their thrones (and illegitimate ones put in by Napoleon removed); secondly, when old boundaries could not be restored compensation would be paid in terms of new territories."
},
{
"docid": "D2229947#0",
"title": "http://nlp.cs.nyu.edu/meyers/controversial-wikipedia-corpus/english-html/main/main_0728.html\nSigmund Freud",
"text": "\"Your continued donations keep Wikipedia running!Sigmund Freud From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For other uses, see Freud (disambiguation). Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud ( May 6, 1856 – September 23, 1939; IPA pronunciation: [ ˈziːkmʊnt ˈfrɔʏt ]) was an Austrian neurologist and the co-founder of the psychoanalytic school of psychology. Freud is best known for his theories of the unconscious mind, especially involving the mechanism of repression; his redefinition of sexual desire as mobile and directed towards a wide variety of objects; and his therapeutic technique, especially his understanding of transference in the therapeutic relationship and the presumed value of dreams as sources of insight into unconscious desires. The name Freud is generally pronounced [ fɹɔɪd] in English and [ frɔʏt] in German. He is commonly referred to as \"\" the father of psychoanalysis \"\" and his work has been tremendously influential in the popular imagination — popularizing such notions as the unconscious, defense mechanisms, Freudian slips and dream symbolism — while also making a long-lasting impact on fields as diverse as literature, film, Marxist and feminist theories, literary criticism, philosophy and psychology. Contents1 Life1.1 Family / Descendants2 Innovations2.1 Early work2.2 The Unconscious2.3 Psychosexual development2.4 Ego, super-ego, and id2.5 Defense Mechanisms2.6 The life and death instincts2.7 Social psychology3 Freud's legacy3.1 Psychotherapy3.2 Philosophy3.3 Pop Culture3.4 Critical reactions4 Patients5 Notes6 References7 Bibliography7.1 Major works by Freud7.2 Books about Freud and psychoanalysis7.3 Conceptual critiques7.4 Biographies7.5 Biographical critiques8 See also8.1 Topics8.2 People9 External links [ edit] Life Sigmund Freud, 1907Sigismund Schlomo Freud was born into a Jewish family in Příbor (Freiberg in German), Moravia, in the Austrian Empire (now belonging to the Czech Republic ). He had his name after three Polish kings Zygmunts (Sigismunds): Zygmunt Stary, Zygmunt August and Zygmunt III Vasa. That was an old family tradition after the Freuds was living in Poland at the years of Zygmunt kings (XVI and XVII). In 1877, at the age of 21, he abbreviated his given name to \"\"Sigmund.\"\" Although he was the first-born of three brothers and five sisters among his mother's children, Sigmund had older half-brothers from his father's previous marriage."
},
{
"docid": "D2224037#0",
"title": "http://www.historyhaven.com/worldhistory/French_Revolution_Napoleon.htm\n.",
"text": "The French Revolution and Napoleon Introduction The French Revolution was the most important event in modern history. It destroyed the old order of society and government and brought about modern changes in the world. It swept away the last remnants of feudalism and made the middle class the dominant class of modern society. Background In 1789 France was the most populated nation in Europe and had been growing in wealth and prestige since the time of Louis XIV. Despite this economic growth, it was far behind many people’s ideas of what a society and government should be. Socially, it was divided into three unequal classes of people. And politically it was still ruled by an absolute monarch. The Causes of the French Revolution The Revolution was the result of three related crises that fell upon France at the same time: a social crisis, a political crisis, and an economic crisis. The Social Crisis Feudal France was neatly divided into three social classes, or Estates, with different jobs and privileges. The clergy was the First Estate, the nobles were the Second Estate, and the peasants were the Third Estate."
},
{
"docid": "D429378#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_were_Metternich_three_goals_at_congress_of_Vienna\nWhat were Metternich three goals at congress of Vienna?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society Politics and Government Government What were Metternich three goals at congress of Vienna? Flag What were Metternich three goals at congress of Vienna? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. Metternich's three goals for the Congress of Vienna were to 1) prevent futur French aggression, 2) restore the balance of power and 3) he wanted to restore Europe's royal family back to the thrones they held before Napoleon's conquest.4 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No What was an important goal of the congress of Vienna? The new European order What did klemens von metternich not want to accomplish at the congress of Vienna? He did not want to leave the congress of Vienna powerless H. Ghimm 113 Contributions What did klemens von metternich want to accomplish at the congress of Vienna? He wanted to establish a long-standing peace in Europe, which was later known as the \"\"Concert of Europe. \"\" What were Metternich's three goals at the Congress of Vienna?the containment of france . balance of power ."
},
{
"docid": "D2944013#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_was_congress_against_the_treaty_of_versailles\nWhy was Adolf Hitler against the Treaty of Versailles?",
"text": "Fazziv 31 Contributions Why was Adolf Hitler against the Treaty of Versailles? Answer Hatred for the treaty is one of the things that bound the German people to Hitler and he milked it for all it was worth. The Treaty was seen as a sha …Swimfan89233 39 Contributions Why was the US congress against the signing of the Versailles treaty?they believed it would involve them in more foreign affairs and could lead them into more wars/conflicts that did not want to deal with or have to pay for w/ $ or the cost of …Why didn't congress ratify the Treaty of Versailles? The Treaty of Versailles was signed following World War I. It had many provisions, including punishments for Germany. The US Congress did not ratify the Treaty because the …What were the similarities between the Congress of Vienna and the Treaty of Versailles? Both the Treaty of Versailles and the Congress of Vienna had simillar goals in mind, the recreation/resoration of a European peace. Both took place after major wars, (Th …Sfuentes 5 Contributions Why did the US congress oppose the signing of the treaty of Versailles?it did not want the U. S. to be involved in international politics. Why did congress reject the Treaty of Versailles? The U. S. Congress had a major problem with Article X of the Treaty of Versailles. This allowed the League of Nations to declare was without a vote by Congress."
},
{
"docid": "D1621097#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unification_of_Germany\nUnification of Germany",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the unification of 1871. For the unification of East and West Germany in 1990, see German reunification. It has been suggested that Founding of the German Empire be merged into this article. ( Discuss) Proposed since September 2017. The German Empire of 1871–1918. Because the German-speaking part of the multinational Austrian Empire was excluded, this geographic construction represented a lesser Germany ( Kleindeutsch) solution. The unification of Germany into a politically and administratively integrated nation state officially occurred on 18 January 1871, in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles in France. Princes of the German states, excluding Austria, gathered there to proclaim Wilhelm I of Prussia as German Emperor after the French capitulation in the Franco-Prussian War. Unofficially, the de facto transition of most of the German-speaking populations into a federated organization of states had been developing for some time through alliances formal and informal between princely rulers—but in fits and starts; self-interests of the various parties hampered the process over nearly a century of autocratic experimentation, beginning in the era of the Napoleonic Wars, which saw the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (1806), and the subsequent rise of German nationalism. Unification exposed tensions due to religious, linguistic, social, and cultural differences among the inhabitants of the new nation, suggesting that 1871 only represented one moment in a continuum of the larger unification processes."
},
{
"docid": "D1506575#0",
"title": "http://motherearthtravel.com/history/germany/history-9.htm\nHistory of Germany",
"text": "\"The German Confederation, 1815-66The Congress of Vienna (1814-15), convened after Napoleon's defeat, sought to restore order to a Europe disrupted by revolutionary and imperial France. Its members' objective was a constellation of states and a balance of power that would ensure peace and stability after a quarter-century of revolution and war. In addition to the delegates of many small states, the congress included representatives of five large European states: Austria, Prussia, Russia, Britain, and France. After months of deliberations, the congress established an international political order that was to endure for nearly 100 years and that brought Europe a measure of peace. The congress made no effort to restore the Holy Roman Empire and its 300-odd states. Instead, it accepted the disappearance of many small states that had occurred since 1789 and created the German Confederation. The confederation consisted of thirty-eight sovereign states and four free cities and included the five large kingdoms of Austria, Prussia, Saxony, Bavaria, and Württemberg. The confederation met at a diet in Frankfurt, with an Austrian always serving as president. Prince Clemens von Metternich, who directed Austria's foreign policy from 1809 until 1848, was the dominant political figure within the confederation. He waged a decades-long campaign to prevent the spread of revolution in Europe by seeking to restore much of the political and social order that had existed before the French Revolution."
},
{
"docid": "D3323724#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/32931230/world-history-chapter-7-flash-cards/\nWorld History Chapter 7",
"text": "29 terms jessicakaley World History Chapter 7Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort What were the goals of the revolution? Liberty, equality, brotherhood Why did Napoleon attack Portugal? Enforce terms of continental system Who was most influential leader at Congress of Vienna? Klemons Von Metternichplebiscite vote of the people What were some traits Napoleon possessed? Courage, brilliant military mind, able to inspire others What percent of France belonged to the first and second estates? 2%What percent of France belonged to the third estate? 98%Why did the National Assembly lose the support of many of the peasants? They took away the church's land and independence Which group forced Robespierre from power?"
},
{
"docid": "D2537174#0",
"title": "https://prezi.com/vcovf5m-qq_f/congress-of-vienna/\nCongress of Vienna",
"text": "Public & reusable Create your own Make a copy Share Embed Like Congress of Vienna No descriptionby Mr. Tloczkowskion 15 October 20123 Tweet Comments ( 0)Please log in to add your comment. Report abuse Transcript of Congress of Vienna Aim: How did leaders react to revolutionary ideas in Europe after the French Revolution and the Reign of Napoleon? Do-Now: Congress of Vienna Cartoon After Napoleon’s defeat they meet to restore order and stability to Europe. What type of leaders do you think meet? Why did European diplomats meet at the Congress of Vienna? Who were the major players at the Congress of Vienna Prince Clement von Metternich of Austria Czar Alexander I of Russia Lord Robert Castlereagh of Britain Prince Maurice Talleyrand of France What were the main goals of the Congress of Vienna Create a lasting peace by establishing a balance of power and protecting the system of the monarchy Return to the status quo of 1792 (before the French revolution) Establish a balance of power Get into groups of 6 and come up with an action plan on how you as a country would go about restoring order to Europe. What would you try and accomplish at the Congress of Vienna and how would you accomplish it? What was accomplished at the Congress of Vienna? Redrew maps of Europe Strengthened countries around France to prevent France from going to war again Restored monarchies Created the Concert of Europe – an organization to maintain peace in Europe Summary Question: Was the Congress of Vienna a reaction against Revolutionary Ideas? How do you know?"
},
{
"docid": "D860239#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna\nCongress of Vienna",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other uses, see Congress of Vienna (disambiguation). \"\" Vienna peace congress\"\" redirects here. For the 2015 congress on Syria, see Vienna peace talks for Syria. The national boundaries within Europe set by the Congress of Vienna The Congress of Vienna ( German: Wiener Kongress) was a meeting of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens von Metternich, and held in Vienna from November 1814 to June 1815, though the delegates had arrived and were already negotiating by late September 1814. The objective of the Congress was to provide a long-term peace plan for Europe by settling critical issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. The goal was not simply to restore old boundaries but to resize the main powers so they could balance each other and remain at peace. The leaders were conservatives with little use for republicanism or revolution, both of which threatened to upset the status quo in Europe. France lost all its recent conquests while Prussia, Austria and Russia made major territorial gains. Prussia added smaller German states in the west, Swedish Pomerania and 60% of the Kingdom of Saxony; Austria gained Venice and much of northern Italy. Russia gained parts of Poland."
},
{
"docid": "D1326148#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110326123627AAuT8p1\nWhat did the congress of vienna try to accomplish?",
"text": "Arts & Humanities History What did the congress of vienna try to accomplish? Follow 2 answers Answers Best Answer: Not just try,but succeeded in accomplishing. The Congress of Vienna met to settle all outstanding political and territorial questions in Europe following the defeat of Napoleon,to the satisfaction of the Great Powers - Britain,Russia,Austria,and Prussia. Further,they established the Congress System,under which future European disputes and arguments would be settled through diplomacy and negotiation rather than war,which had been the previous situation. This Congress System was known as the Concert of Europe,and was largely successful,there being no general European war for nearly a century,when WW1 broke out.ammianus · 7 years ago0 0 Comment Hi! The Congress of Vienna was organized following the abdication of Napoleon Bonaparte from the throne in France in 1814. The organization's goal was to achieve a balance of power for the preservation of peace, since the French Revolutions and Napoleonic wars seemed upset this balance throughout Europe. The congress set and adjusted many boundaries and even established a standard of rules for diplomacy, all of which was only temporary as it failed to keep up with the growing national ambitions and social changes occurring in many parts of Europe. The Quadruple Alliance was primarily in charge of the meetings as they represented the most powerful of Europe- Austria, Prussia, Russia and Great Britain. One of the first things the congress sought to do was to prevent France from becoming as potent as it had been with Napoleon at throne."
},
{
"docid": "D2145103#0",
"title": "http://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/1848/terms.html\nEurope (1815-1848)",
"text": "\"Important Terms, People, and Events<< Prev Section Next Section >>Terms Bourgeoisie - Term used to refer to the \"\"middle class.\"\" In the 19th century concept of class struggle, the bourgeoisie were those who owned the means of production and the proletariat consisted of their workers. Bund - A confederation of the various fragmented German states in the period after the Congress of Vienna (1815). Burschenschaft - Student political groups that formed at German Universities beginning around 1815. These groups were expressions of German nationalism. Capitalism - Generally middle-class economic ideology emphasizing free markets, the ownership of private property, and the accumulation of wealth by enterprising businesspeople. Carbonari - Liberal, Nationalist secret society in Italy in the first half of the 19th century. They sought a unified Italy under governments different from those the Congress of Vienna had imposed on them. Cato Street Conspiracy - Conspiracy of British Radicalism, plotting to assassinate the Tory cabinet. When the conspiracy was discovered in 1820, several conspirators were executed."
},
{
"docid": "D539603#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/38645438/history-chapter-18-flash-cards/\nHistory Chapter 18",
"text": "\"102 terms angelinaescalona History Chapter 18Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort John Calvin The Protestant leader whose teachings were followed by the Huguenots Catherine de Medicis The ruthless queen who attempted to rule for her young sons Henry of Bourbon The first Protestant king of France who escaped death only by changing his religion Marie de Medicis The wife of Henry IV who attempted to rule after his death Cardinal Richelieu The man who ruled for Marie de Medicis and her young son Louis XIIICardinal Mazarin The man who ruled while Louis XIV was a child Louis XIV The king when France was among the most important nations of Europe; the king also known for his absolutism Voltaire, Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau French Enlightenment thinkers Louis XV A weak ruler who said, \"\"After me the deluge\"\"Louis XVI The king who called a meeting of the Estates-General for the first time in over 170 years and who was executed by the National Convention Marie Antoinette Louis XVI's beautiful wife Maximilien Robespierre The most influential man in the French government between 1793 and 1794Napoleon Bonaparte The man who crowned himself emperor and controlled virtually all of continental Europe Lord Nelson The commander of the British navy who died during the Battle of Trafalgar Alexander I The czar who withdrew Russia from the Continental System Duke of Wellington The British military leader who defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo Prince von Metternich The \"\"Prince of Diplomats\"\"Louis Napoleon The nephew of Napoleon who became so popular with the people that he was able to dissolve the legislature with the people's approval and rule as a dictator Otto von Bismarck The Chancellor of Prussia whose troops defeated the French army and Napoleon IIIEstates-General The French version of a parliament Huguenots French Calvinist Protestantssynod An assembly of representatives Edict of January Decree that Huguenots could worship in public if they met outside town limits and admitted royal officials to inspect their services St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre The time when Catholic forces murdered as many as 100,000 Huguenotspolitiques A new political group consisting of some Catholics and some Protestants who agreed that religious unity in France was hopeless and persistent bloodshed was futile Edict of Nantes The edict that made the following provisions for Huguenots: (1) the Huguenots could live in any town or district of France they chose; (2) they could practice their worship only in towns where Protestantism had previously been the prevailing religion; (3) they were forbidden to practice or teach their religion publicly or teach their children anywhere outside the designated territories, specifically in the king's court, in Paris, or in the zones surrounding Paris; (4) they were not to be discriminated against in admission to colleges and universities, use of public health facilities, or holding public office; (5) they were given 100 fortified towns to be held by Protestant military garrisons. Peace of Alais An amendment to the Edict of Nantes which allowed the Huguenots to retain their civil and religious rights but took away their fortified towns and armiesbourgeoisie The French term for middle class Palace of Versailles The palace built by Louis XIV to keep members of the nobility occupied where he could keep an eye on them League of Augsburg The league formed by the nations of Europe against France Treaty of Ryswick The treaty signed by Louis XIV when he realized that he couldn't defeat the League of Augsburg Age of Enlightenment The time period in France which began in 1715 and was characterized by open rejection of the Bible and disbelief in Christ\"\"old regime\"\" The system of government and way of life in pre-Revolutionary France First, Second, and Third Estates The First Estate was the clergy, the Second Estate was the nobility, and the Third Estate was everyone else in France-from prosperous merchant to poor peasant. National Assembly A group consisting mostly of people in the Third Estate that declared itself to be the official representative body of all the people of France Tennis Court Oath The vow by the National Assembly to continue meeting until a national constitution had been written Bastille An old castle stronghold used as a prison that was stormed by the people of Paris August 4 Decrees The act by which the National Assembly ended the lords' privileges National Convention The governing body that replaced the National Assembly and executed Louis XVI as its first official act Reign of Terror Rule under which many politically influential people were arrested and executed Consulate System of government drawn up by Napoleon whose constitution establishes a kind of make-believe parliamentary system that gives the real power to the Consul of State, under the leadership of the First Consul, Napoleonplebiscite An election in which the people express their will Battle of Trafalgar Battle where the British navy defeated the combined French and Spanish navies Continental System Forbade the importation of British goods into any European country which was under French influence Battle of Leipzig Battle where the combined forces of Europe defeated Napoleon's new army Battle of Waterloo Battle where Napoleon met his final defeat Congress of Vienna Meeting of leading European diplomats in Vienna to redraw the map of Europe July Revolution The revolt of Paris citizens that forced Charles X to flee after he dissolved French legislature July Monarchy The 18-year reign of Louis Philippe Franco-Prussian War War between France and Prussia over who would succeed to the Spanish throne What was the French Estates-General? How powerful was it? Who had the real political power in France as the Modern Age began? The French version of parliament; very weak - it simply approved the laws the king wanted; the king How much power did the popes have over the medieval French kings? French kings had never been as strongly controlled by medieval popes as other European monarchs had been. What idea was taking hold in France on the eve of the Protestant Reformation?"
},
{
"docid": "D1326150#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_was_accomplished_at_the_Congress_of_Vienna\nWhat was accomplished at the Congress of Vienna?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of Europe History of France French Revolution What was accomplished at the Congress of Vienna? Flag What was accomplished at the Congress of Vienna? Answer by USCitizen Confidence votes 253KThe European political map was redrawn. The balance of power in Europe was restored. The French Monarchy was put back on the Throne. Napoleon was declared an outlaw.5 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No USCitizen What was the Congress of Vienna? It was a conference held in Austria to settle political and territorial questions arising from the Napoleonic Wars and to restore a balance of power in Europe. Who was the person most responsible for the accomplishments of the Congress of Vienna? Klemens von Metternich was the primary force behind theaccomplishments of the Congress of Vienna."
},
{
"docid": "D1467038#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_does_congress_meet_each_year\nWhen does congress meet each year?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society Politics and Government Political Office Holders US Congress When does congress meet each year? Flag When does congress meet each year? Answer by Patriotic Oath Confidence votes 1.6KIn the United States they meet almost every day and can meet everyday. Originally they were to guarantee one meeting a year, but never on the Sabbath (Sunday). Until the late 19th early 20th century Mass was held in the Government Office's in Washington each Sunday. So much for the \"\" story \"\" of separation of Church and State January 25, June 25, September 25, November 254 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Geassuser 50 Contributions What is the minimum number of times Congress must meet each year?once a year What year did the first continental congress meet?1774What number of times must Congress meet each year? One How many times must congress meet each year? Twice there term year When does Congress reconvene each year? Congress traditionally reconvenes on January 3 of each year."
},
{
"docid": "D1436108#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_congress\nPeace congress",
"text": "\"Peace congress From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the general concept. For the 1848 to 1853 conferences in Europe, see International Peace Congress. A peace congress, in international relations, has at times been defined in a way that would distinguish it from a peace conference (usually defined as a diplomatic meeting to decide on a peace treaty ), as an ambitious forum to carry out dispute resolution in international affairs, and prevent wars. This idea was widely promoted during the nineteenth century, anticipating the international bodies that would be set up in the twentieth century with comparable aims. Contents [ hide ]1 History2 Congresses2.1 Vienna2.2 The Americas in the nineteenth century2.3 American Civil War2.4 Friends of Peace2.5 The Hague2.5.1 First Hague Conference2.5.2 Second Hague Conference2.6 International League of Peace and Liberty2.7 Universal Peace Congress2.8 World War I2.9 World War II2.10 Contemporary3 See also4 Notes5 References6 External links History [ edit]The genesis of the idea of a meeting of representatives of different nations to obtain by peaceful arbitrament a settlement of differences has been traced to the year 1623 in modern history, to a French monk, Émeric Crucé, who wrote a work entitled \"\"The New Cyneas\"\", a discourse showing the opportunities and the means for establishing a general peace and liberty of conscience to all the world and addressed to the monarch and the sovereign princes of the time. He proposed that a city, preferably Venice, should be selected where all the powers had ambassadors and that there should be a universal union, including all peoples. He suggested careful arrangement as to priority, giving the first place to the pope. Two years after this publication, in 1625, appeared in Latin the work of Hugo Grotius \"\"On the Right of War and Peace\"\", pleading for a mitigation of some of the barbarous usages of war. William Penn had a plan for the establishment of a \"\"European Dyet, Parliament or Estates\"\". He was followed by other writers of different nationalities."
},
{
"docid": "D3338153#0",
"title": "http://www.civilwarsignals.org/pages/signal/signalpages/flare/coston2.html\n.",
"text": "\"Martha Coston: A Woman, a War, and a Signal to the World~ by Denise E. Pilato, Eastern Michigan University ~Martha J. Coston (1829-1904), was an inventor and successful businesswoman during the second half of the 19th century. She made her mark with one invention, which she wrote about in her one book, an autobiography, A Signal Success. Although obscured in traditional history, her singular invention is not invisible, but marks maritime history in significance, widespread application, and longevity. Like her invention, her story, buried deep in the archives of history, resonates with significance more than a century later. Her invention and relationship to the U. S. Navy during the Civil War represents the early chapters of her remarkable story. Her invention, a pyrotechnic night signal flare and code system, was first successfully used by the U. S. Navy during the Civil War. After the War, the United States Life Saving Service, forerunner of the United States Coast Guard, used the flare extensively well into the 20th century. Her manufacturing company began in 1859 and survived until at least 1985, possibly longer. [ 1] Additionally, the U. S. Weather Service, military institutions in England, France, Holland, Italy, Austria, Denmark, and Brazil, commercial merchant vessels, and private New York Yachting Clubs all adopted the Coston Signal Flare and code system. Portrait of Martha Coston Martha was born in Baltimore, Maryland, and moved to Philadelphia with her widowed mother, brothers, and sisters sometime during her childhood in the 1830s."
},
{
"docid": "D3307091#0",
"title": "http://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/1848/section3/\nEurope (1815-1848)",
"text": "\"Metternich and his Congresses (1815-1822)<< Prev Section Page 1of 2Next Page >Summary The Congress of Vienna established an international system of reactionary governments dedicated to maintaining a set of European boundaries, preventing revolutions and changes in government, and stopping any one power from becoming too powerful. To this end, the Congress powers agreed to meet whenever trouble should crop up in Europe to discuss how to fix it. The first meeting of the Congress System was in 1818, at the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle. This meeting dealt with the coalition of European armies that had been occupying France since Napoleon's defeat. At Aix-la-Chapelle, the powers decided to withdraw their armies. Alexander I, always a champion of \"\"collective security\"\", suggested the idea of an international military force, made up of troops from all nations, that would be available to suppress revolutions wherever they appeared. The British foreign minister Viscount Castlereagh vehemently opposed the suggestion. Alexander I's suggestion was not adopted. In 1820, as a reaction to the evident collapse of the government of Naples, Metternich called another meeting, the Congress of Troppau. Metternich wanted to stop the revolution in Naples from spreading."
},
{
"docid": "D1291410#0",
"title": "http://legal.un.org/avl/ha/vcdr/vcdr.html\n.",
"text": "Introduction In terms of near-universal participation by sovereign States, the high degree of observance among States parties and the influence it has had on the international legal order, the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations may claim to be the most successful of the instruments drawn up under the United Nations framework for codification and progressive development of international law. Its success is due not only to the excellence of the preparatory work by the International Law Commission and the negotiating skills of State representatives at the Conference, but also to the long stability of the basic rules of diplomatic law and to the effectiveness of reciprocity as a sanction against non-compliance. Historical Context Among all peoples who wished to engage with each other on a basis other than that of conquest and subjugation, it was practice from the earliest times that the person of the envoy or intermediary between them was sacrosanct. Until it was accepted – originally as a matter of religious scruple – that the herald or emissary could pass safely in order to negotiate terms of truce or agreements to settle quarrels, there could be no peaceful international relations or rules on questions of substance. The personal inviolability accorded to envoys, for example among the ancient Greek cities and among the states of ancient India, became of less importance with the rise of the Roman Empire and later of Byzantium – both of these intent on subjugation rather than co-existence. Diplomacy in the modern sense revived with the Renaissance and during the sixteenth century – a period of violent religious strife – the special protection and immunity from criminal jurisdiction even for ambassadors suspected of conspiracy against the sovereign to whom they were accredited became established in practice among sovereign rulers. By the time of the Congress of Westphalia in 1648, permanent legations were accepted as the normal way of conducting international business among sovereign States, and over the next century detailed rules emerged in relation to the immunity of ambassadors and their accompanying families and staff from civil as well as criminal proceedings, the inviolability of their embassy premises and their exemption from customs duties and from taxes. These rules of customary international law were described in detail by early writers such as Grotius (1625), Bynkershoek (1721) and Vattel (1758). The first international instrument to codify any aspect of diplomatic law was the Regulation adopted by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 which simplified the complex rules on the classes of heads of diplomatic missions and laid down that precedence among heads of missions should be determined by date of arrival at post. Until then precedence – which guaranteed direct access to the receiving sovereign as well as ceremonial honours – had caused numerous and bitter disputes."
},
{
"docid": "D1718328#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_balance_of_power\nEuropean balance of power",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( April 2015) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)The European balance of power referred to European international relations before the First World War, which evolved into the present states of Europe. The current European balance of power is a supranational organization known as the European Union rather than the Nineteenth Century political concept that emerged at the Peace of Paris in 1815. It is often known by the term European State System. Its basic tenet is that no single European power should be allowed to achieve hegemony over a substantial part of the continent and that this is best curtailed by having a small number of ever-changing alliances contend for power, it also meant that none should be able to achieve absolute power. Contents [ hide ]1 History1.1 16th to 18th centuries1.2 19th century1.3 World Wars1.4 Post-World War II: Cold War period1.5 Post-Cold War era2 See also3 Bibliography4 References History [ edit]16th to 18th centuries [ edit]In the 16th and 17th centuries, English foreign policy strove to prevent a creation of a single universal monarchy in Europe, which many believed France or Spain might attempt to create. To maintain the balance of power, the English made alliances with other states —including Portugal, the Ottoman Empire, and the Netherlands —to counter the perceived threat. These Grand Alliances reached their height in the wars against Louis XIV and Louis XV of France."
}
] |
619964
|
what did the construction of the berlin wall do to germany
|
[
{
"docid": "D74752#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Wall\nBerlin Wall",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Not to be confused with the Inner German border or the chess moves also known as the Berlin Defence. For the video game, see The Berlin Wall (video game). Berlin Wall View from the West Berlin side of graffiti art on the Wall in 1986. The Wall's \"\"death strip\"\", on the east side of the Wall, here follows the curve of the Luisenstadt Canal (filled in 1932). Map of the location of the Berlin Wall, showing checkpoints General information Type Wall Country East Germany East Berlin ( Soviet-occupied sector of Berlin)Coordinates 52.516111°N 13.376944°ECoordinates: 52.516111°N 13.376944°EConstruction started 13 August 1961Dimensions Other dimensions Border length around West Berlin: 155 km (96 mi)Border length between West Berlin and East Germany: 111.9 km (69.5 mi)Border length between West and East Berlin: 43.1 km (26.8 mi)Border length through residential areas in East Berlin: 37 km (23 mi)Concrete segment of wall height: 3.6 m (11.8 ft)Concrete segment of wall length: 106 km (66 mi)Wire mesh fencing: 66.5 km (41.3 mi)Anti-vehicle trenches length: 105.5 km (65.6 mi)Contact/signal fence length: 127.5 km (79.2 mi)Column track width: 7 m (7.7 yd)Column track length: 124.3 km (77.2 mi)Number of watch towers: 302Number of bunkers: 20Technical details Size 155 km (96.3 mi)Eastern Bloc Soviet Socialist Republics [show]Allied states [show]Related organizations [show]Dissent and opposition [show]Cold War events [show]Decline [show]v t e Satellite image of Berlin, with the Wall's location marked in yellow West and East Berlin borders overlaying a current road map ( interactive map)The Berlin Wall ( German: Berliner Mauer, pronounced [bɛʁˈliːnɐ ˈmaʊ̯ɐ] ( listen)) was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989. [ 1] Constructed by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany ), starting on 13 August 1961, the Wall cut off (by land) West Berlin from virtually all of surrounding East Germany and East Berlin until government officials opened it in November 1989. [ 2] Its demolition officially began on 13 June 1990 and finished in 1992. [ 3] The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls, [4] accompanied by a wide area (later known as the \"\"death strip\"\") that contained anti-vehicle trenches, \"\" fakir beds \"\" and other defenses. The Eastern Bloc portrayed the Wall as protecting its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the \"\"will of the people\"\" in building a socialist state in East Germany. In practice, the Wall served to prevent the massive emigration and defection that had marked East Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War II period. ["
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1333880#0",
"title": "http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/November/The-Berlin-Wall-Comes-Down.html\nOn This Day",
"text": "Tearing Down the Wall The Berlin Wall had stood since 1961, when it was erected by the Communist East German government to prevent residents of East Berlin from moving to West Berlin, an island of democracy in the center of East Germany. The 96-mile wall split families and friends, and became a symbol of the Cold War divisions between East and West, and communism and capitalism. East German guards were ordered to shoot anybody who attempted to cross to West Berlin, and nearly 100 people died trying to escape. The situation in East Germany began to change in the mid-1980s, when Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev instituted the liberalizing perestroika and glasnost reform measures. East German leader Eric Honecker rebuffed Gorbachev’s calls for openness, and the country remained one of the most repressive in the Eastern Bloc. In January 1989, he declared, “ The Wall … will still be standing in fifty and even a hundred years’ time .” In August 1989, Hungary opened its borders, and thousands of East Germans escaped through Hungary to Austria or flocked to the West German embassy. Meanwhile, calls for openness in East Germany grew louder, as peaceful protests in the cities of Leipzig and Dresden drew tens of thousands of people. In October, Honecker resigned and was replaced by the more liberal Egon Krenz, who was open to reunification with West Germany for economic reasons. Sources in this Story Deutsche Welle: At Least 136 People Lost Lives at Berlin Wall, Study Shows Center for History & New Media: Making the History of 1989: East Germany Chronicle of the Berlin Wall: Overview 1989Time: Freedom!Berlin International: The construction of the Berlin Wall Newseum: Berlin Wall History Place: Ronald Reagan: “Tear Down this Wall”Struggling to stop the flood of refugees, the East German government decided on Nov. 9 to allow limited and regulated travel across the West German border, including through the Berlin Wall."
},
{
"docid": "D1981417#0",
"title": "http://study.com/academy/lesson/two-super-powers-the-united-states-and-the-soviet-union.html\nTwo Super Powers: The United States and the Soviet Union",
"text": "Instructor: Nate Sullivan Nate Sullivan holds a M. A. in History and a M. Ed. He is an adjunct history professor, former middle school history teacher, and freelance writer. In this lesson we will look at the role the United States and the Soviet Union played in post-1945 Europe. We will focus specifically on the influence of each super power and see how each state impacted developments in Europe. The Emergence of the Two Super Powers and the Roots of the Cold War If you recall your World War II history, the United States and the Soviet Union were allies during the war. Together, these nations and others brought about the downfall of Hitler's Third Reich. When the war ended in 1945, these two countries emerged as world super powers. They were it: the two most powerful states in the world. When the war ended, the two super powers had very different ideas of how Europe should be restructured. Herein lies the roots of the Cold War."
},
{
"docid": "D1078032#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20101025134337AAiTxsm\nWhat did the construction of the Berlin Wall do to Germany?",
"text": "Arts & Humanities History What did the construction of the Berlin Wall do to Germany?a. the berlin wall divided east and west germany b. the berlin wall symbolized national pride in germany c. the berlin wall surrounded germany and created a unified state1 following 6 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: If you read what you are supposed to this will be a common sense answer. Its A B or C EDIT: I know I initially gave a smartass answer. But the other post is correct. None of the above answers is correct. The Berlin Wall divided ONLY Berlin (and surrounded West Berlin). It did NOT divide Germany, because all of Berlin is within East Germany. Tell your teacher it is a bad question and must be [email protected] · 8 years ago1 1 1 commentnone of the three. the Berlin Wall divided the city of Berlin.ralph b · 8 years ago4 2 Comment A. bro. the Berlin wall did good for one side but did bad for the other.sunkist · 8 years ago2 3 Comment B. national pride Phat Tony · 8 years ago1 6 Comment A. most def.muggle · 8 years ago4 3 Comment ARobert Scarmount · 8 years ago3 3 Comment Maybe you would like to learn more about one of these?"
},
{
"docid": "D3402177#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Ulbricht\nWalter Ulbricht",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Walter Ulbricht Ulbricht in 1970First Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany ( East Germany)In office 25 July 1950 – 3 May 1971 (to 1 August 1973 as honorary Chairman)Preceded by Wilhelm Pieck and Otto Grotewohl (joint chairmanship)Succeeded by Erich Honecker Chairman of the State Council of the German Democratic Republic ( East Germany)In office 12 September 1960 – 1 August 1973Preceded by Wilhelm Pieckas State President Succeeded by Willi Stoph Chairman of the National Defense Council of the German Democratic Republic ( East Germany)In office 1960–1971Preceded by Office established Succeeded by Erich Honecker Personal details Born Walter Ernst Paul Ulbricht 30 June 1893 Leipzig, Kingdom of Saxony, German Empire Died 1 August 1973 (aged 80) Groß Dölln, Templin, East Germany Cause of death Stroke Nationality German Political party SPD (1912–1917) USPD (1917–1920) KPD (1920–1946) SED (1946–1973)Spouse (s) Martha Schmellinsky (1920 -? ) Lotte Kühn (1953–1973)Profession Politician Military service Allegiance German Empire Years of service 1915-17Battles/wars World War IWalter Ernst Paul Ulbricht (30 June 1893 – 1 August 1973) was a German Communist politician. Ulbricht played a leading role in the creation of the Weimar -era Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and later (after spending the years of Nazi rule in exile in France and the Soviet Union) in the early development and establishment of the German Democratic Republic (GDR or, in informal, colloquial circumstances, East Germany). As the First Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party 1950 to 1971, he was the chief decision maker in the GDR. From President Wilhelm Pieck 's death in 1960 on, he was also the East German head of state until his own death in 1973. He and Stalin worked very closely and Ulbricht made sure that the German Democratic Republic was as close as it could be to the USSR (for example, the GDR joined the Warsaw Pact)Contents [ hide ]1 Early years2 First World War and the German Revolution3 The Weimar years4 Nazi and war years5 Creation of the GDR6 The New Economic System7 Dismissal and death8 Policies and legacy9 Personal life10 Decorations11 See also12 Notes13 Literature14 External links Early years [ edit]Ulbricht was born in Leipzig, Saxony, to Pauline Ida (née Rothe) and Ernst August Ulbricht, a tailor. He spent eight years in primary school ( Volksschule ). After leaving school, he trained to be a joiner. Both his parents worked actively for the Social Democratic Party (SPD), which Walter joined in 1912. First World War and the German Revolution [ edit]Ulbricht served in World War I from 1915 to 1917 in Galicia on the Eastern Front, and in the Balkans. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2965564#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/In_what_country_was_the_Berlin_Wall_located\nIn what country was the Berlin Wall located?",
"text": "\"Flag In what country was the Berlin Wall located? Answer by Coinwiki Confidence votes 12.7KIt separated East and West Germany ---------------- It separated, more exactly, East from West Berlin, the latter having been an enclave in what was previously East Germany. The much longer border between West and East Germany was also closely watched but it stretched over hundreds of kilometres and was not marked by a long wall. ----------------- Strictly speaking, West Berlin was not \"\"an enclave in what was previously East Germany,\"\" since East Germany did not exist at the time the enclave was established. At the end of World War 2, Germany (which lost the war) was divided into four sectors, with responsibility for each given to one of the war's victors (USA, UK, France and the USSR). Berlin, the former German capital, was similarly divided into four sectors. In 1949, the US, French and British sectors were combined to form West Germany, with the corresponding sectors of Berlin (which were completely surrounded by the USSR-led sector of Germany) combining to form West Berlin. The Russian sector, including the Russian sector of Berlin, became East Germany. Contrary to what might have been expected, the Berlin Wall was not a defensive wall (i.e., it was not built by a defender to keep a potential invader out). Rather, it was more akin to a prison wall; it was built by East Germany to prevent East Germans from escaping to the West German enclave of West Berlin (a problem that had plagued the East German government prior to the Wall's construction), and was actually located completely within East German territory (although in most cases mere feet from the actual border).6 people found this useful Was this answer useful?"
},
{
"docid": "D1492615#0",
"title": "https://www.german-way.com/travel-and-tourism/germany-for-tourists/city-guides-germany/berlin-and-potsdam/the-reichstag-in-berlin/\nThe Reichstag in Berlin",
"text": "The Reichstag in Berlin The Historic German Parliament Building and How to Tour It Also see Christo’s Wrapped Reichstag (1995) below. I had a difficult time deciding whether to visit the Reichstag dome by day or by night. I solved the dilemma by doing both, and I can recommend that. The Reichstag dome ( Kuppel) and rooftop terrace shortly after sunset. Last admission for visitors is 9:45 p.m. Closing time is midnight. PHOTO: Hyde Flippo But some things have changed since my first visit to the Reichstag. Whether you go during the day or in the evening, be sure to plan ahead. You can no longer just show up and stand in line with crowds of people. For security reasons, all visitors must now go online and make a reservation for a specific date and time – and go through airline-style security. Learn more about these new requirements and a possible exception below."
},
{
"docid": "D2501724#0",
"title": "http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/classes/133p/133p-99/kellythe.993.htm\nThe Division of Berlin",
"text": "\"Building a wall which divided the city of Berlin was a major task with major implications for the citizens of East and West Germany and the world. Nikita Khrushchev and Walter Ulbricht were uncontestedly able to construct the Berlin Wall only through a breakdown in Western Allied resolve to prevent them from doing so.-June 3rd and 4th, 1961, Vienna Conference between Kennedy and Khrushchev. Khrushchev demands that the Western Allies conduct a peace treaty with East and West Germany. Allies are given 6 months to do so, or else the Soviet Union and East Germany would conduct a separate peace treaty amongst themselves. -June 8, 1961: Khrushchev sends a telegram to the Western Allies protesting West German plans to hold a government meeting in West Berlin. Khrushchev argues that West Berlin is on East German soil, and that therefore, the West German government would be violating the sovereign borders of East Germany.-June 9, 1961: Kennedy orders West Germany to conduct the government meeting on West German soil.-June15, 1961: Khrushchev threatens the Western Allies with \"\"superior\"\" Eastern Bloc military might if they planned, after the completion of a Soviet/East German peace treaty, to \"\"violate\"\" East German borders through trying to access West Berlin.-June 25, 1961: Kennedy announces a build-up of conventional, rather than non-conventional, military weapons. ( non-nuclear vs. nuclear weapons)-August 9, 1961: Kennedy expresses fear of an East German uprising over impending Soviet/East German measures insighting a military conflict. Official US policy is announced by the White House: the Western Allies will not respond to impending Soviet/East German measures. Western Allies' failure to respond to the construction of the Berlin Wall caused much suffering and anxiety for West Berliners who assumed that the West had abandoned them in the face of Eastern Bloc aggression.-August 14th, 1961: 6,000 workers converge on the Schoneberg Rathaus (West Berlin City Hall).-August 16, 1961: Mass rally at Schoneberg Rathaus--250,000 West Berliners. The West had accepted the presence of the Berlin Wall form the very start and had therefore indirectly contributed to a divided Berlin.-August 13, 1961: Dean Rusk's statement that the Western Allies will only issue \"\"vigorous protests through appropriate channels\"\" to the building of the Berlin Wall.-August 14, 1961: Willy Brandt sends a letter to Kennedy warning him of low West Berlin moral due to the Western Allies' inaction.-August 19, 1961: Vice President Johnson and General Clay visit Berlin."
},
{
"docid": "D1078031#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_main_reason_for_the_construction_of_the_Berlin_Wall\nWhat was the main reason for the construction of the Berlin Wall?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History Cold War Berlin Wall What was the main reason for the construction of the Berlin Wall? Flag What was the main reason for the construction of the Berlin Wall? Answer by Simon Barnett Confidence votes 19.7KMilitary Police veteran with a love of languages, travel and useless trivia The main reason for building the Berlin Wall was to prevent a \"\"brain drain\"\" from East Germany to West Germany. From 1945 until the building of the wall, approximately 3.5 million people escaped into West Germany (including many Poles and Czechs. As these were mainly young people, this placed extreme pressure on the economic systems of Eastern bloc countries. Another factor was that many West Germans were buying East German currency on the black market and then buying basic foodstuffs and the few luxury goods that were available (because they were state-subsidised and generally much cheaper). This too had an adverse effect on the East German economy The official reason given by the ruling SED party in East Germany for the building of the wall was to prevent revanchists and agitators entering East Berlin and East Germany and referred to the wall officially as \"\" antifaschistischer Schutzwall\"\" (anti-fascist barricade)5 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No On the Wallaby 2,874,808 Contributions Passionate about all things Australian When was the construction of the Berlin Wall started? August 13, 1961 and fell down in October 14 1989.. Further information: . The construction of the Berlin Wall began during the Cold War."
},
{
"docid": "D1950391#0",
"title": "http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Berlin_Wall\nBerlin Wall",
"text": "\"Previous (Berlin Conference of 1884-85) Next (Bermuda)East German construction workers building the Berlin Wall, November 20, 1961The Berlin Wall (German: Berliner Mauer ), an iconic symbol of the Cold War, was initially constructed starting on August 13, 1961, and dismantled in the weeks following November 9, 1989. Part of the Iron Curtain, the Berlin Wall was the most prominent part of the German Democratic Republic ’s border system. Conceived by the East German administration of Walter Ulbricht and approved by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, the wall was a long separation barrier between West Berlin and East Germany (the German Democratic Republic), which closed the border between East and West Berlin for a period of 28 years. It was built during the post- World War II period of a divided Germany, in an effort to stop the drain of labor and economic output associated with the daily migration of huge numbers of professionals and skilled workers between East and West Berlin, and the attendant defections, which had political and economic consequences for the Communist bloc. It effectively decreased emigration (escapes; Republikflucht in German) from 2.5 million between 1949 and 1962 to 5,000 between 1962 and 1989. [ 1]Contents [ hide ]1 Background1.1 Divergence of German states1.2 Massive emigration1.3 Proposed barrier2 Construction begins, 19612.1 Immediate effects2.2 Secondary response3 Layout and modifications4 Official crossings and usage4.1 Escape attempts5 The fall, 19895.1 Celebrations5.2 Aftermath and implications6 Legacy6.1 Portion of Wall at Westminster College6.2 Museum6.3 Cultural differences7 References8 Further reading9 External links10 Credits In the last phase of the wall’s development, the \"\"death strip\"\" between fence and concrete wall gave guards a clear shot at hundreds of would-be escapees from the East Remnant of the Berlin Wall near Potsdamer Platz, June 2003However, the creation of the Wall was a propaganda disaster for East Germany and for the communist bloc as a whole. It became a key symbol of what Western powers regarded as Communist tyranny, particularly after the high-profile shootings of would-be defectors. Political liberalization in the late 1980s, associated with the decline of the Soviet Union, led to relaxed border restrictions in East Germany, culminating in mass demonstrations and the fall of the East German government. When a government statement that crossing of the border would be permitted was broadcast on November 9, 1989, masses of East Germans approached and then crossed the wall, and were joined by crowds of West Germans in a celebratory atmosphere. The Wall was subsequently destroyed by a euphoric public over a period of several weeks, and its fall was the first step toward German reunification, which was formally concluded on October 3, 1990."
},
{
"docid": "D2368747#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_was_the_Berlin_Wall_built\nWhen was the Berlin Wall built?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History Cold War Berlin Wall When was the Berlin Wall built? Flag When was the Berlin Wall built? Answer by Joncey Confidence votes 68.7KConstruction of the Berlin Wall started on 13 August 1961. It separated East and West Berlin and plugged the last 'gap' in the Iron Curtain which divided Europe into two blocs. It remained in place till 9 November 1989.28 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Fodsky 6,375 Contributions When was the Berlin Wall built and why? The Berlin Wall was built in 1952, because the leader of the Soviet Union lived in Eastern Berlin, and is Mother in Law lived in Western Berlin. You probably can already see w …Mediatech 14,908 Contributions What year was the Berlin Wall built? The first barrier of barbed wire and fences that would eventually become the Berlin Wall, was established on August 13, 1961. The concrete wall was built later."
},
{
"docid": "D997651#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichstag_%28building%29\nReichstag building",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Reichstag (building))navigation search This article is about the building in Berlin, Germany. For other uses, see Reichstag (disambiguation). Reichstag The dedication Dem deutschen Volke, meaning To the German people, can be seen on the frieze. Location within Berlin General information Town or city Berlin Country Germany Coordinates 52.5186°N 13.3763°ECoordinates: 52.5186°N 13.3763°EConstruction started 9 June 1884Completed 1894Renovated 1961-64, 1992Height 47 m (154 ft)Design and construction Architect Paul Wallot Renovating team Architect Norman Foster The Reichstag ( German: Reichstagsgebäude pronounced [ˈʁaɪçstaːksgəˈbɔʏdə]; officially: Deutscher Bundestag - Plenarbereich Reichstagsgebäude pronounced [ ˈdɔʏtʃɐ ˈbʊndəsˌtaːk ˈpleːnaːrbəraɪç ˈʁaɪçstaːksgəˈbɔʏdə]) is a historic edifice in Berlin, Germany, constructed to house the Imperial Diet (German: Reichstag) of the German Empire. It was opened in 1894 and housed the Diet until 1933, when it was severely damaged after being set on fire. After World War II, the building fell into disuse; the parliament of the German Democratic Republic (the Volkskammer) met in the Palast der Republik in East Berlin, while the parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany (the Bundestag) met in the Bundeshaus in Bonn. The ruined building was made safe against the elements and partially refurbished in the 1960s, but no attempt at full restoration was made until after German reunification on 3 October 1990, when it underwent a reconstruction led by architect Norman Foster. After its completion in 1999, it once again became the meeting place of the German parliament: the modern Bundestag. The term Reichstag, when used to connote a diet, dates back to the Holy Roman Empire. The building was built for the Diet of the German Empire, which was succeeded by the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic."
},
{
"docid": "D312580#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_opening_of_berlin_wall_signify\nWhere did the Berlin wall split Berlin?",
"text": "Rheiner Vernunft 1 Contribution Where did the Berlin wall split Berlin? The Berlin wall didn't split Berlin, it surrounded the western sectors of the city When was the Berlin Wall open? The Berlin Wall was constructed on August 13, 1961 to keep East Germans from leaving Communism and escaping to West Germany. Thewall opened on November 9, 1989. East and West G …What year was the Berlin Wall was opened?1981Bnei 7 Contributions Where was Berlin wall? The Berlin wall is the middle of Berlin as divider.. Jonnydarcko1 2,372 Contributions What did the opening of the Berlin Wall signify? The wall opening signified the closing stages of the cold war. Fluffkat 19,952 Contributions What year was the Berlin wall re-opened? The wall came down in 1989!When was the Berlin Wall re-opened?on poo day. and died on wee day."
},
{
"docid": "D2501723#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Did_Nikita_Khrushchev_order_the_Berlin_wall_to_be_built\nWho was Nikita Khrushchev?",
"text": "Who was Nikita Khrushchev? The leader of Soviet Russia upon the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953. Why was the Berlin wall built in 1961? The Berlin Wall was built to stop east Germans from travelling to west Germany. Ty Camden 80,519 Contributions Who was president when the Berlin Wall was built? John F. Kennedy ... was the President of the United States of America at the time that construction of the Berlin Wall began (13 August 1961) began. Kennedy was sworn in a …Voss Cadmen 1,192 Contributions Where was the Berlin Wall built? It was built in Berlin, Germany. Mac Austin 123 Contributions What led Khrushchev to erect the Berlin Wall? The U. S. S. R. provoked the Berlin Crisis with an ultimatum demanding the withdrawal of Western armed forces from West Berlin culminating with the city's de facto partition with …Feuer Fuchs 14 Contributions What part of Berlin was the Berlin wall built?"
},
{
"docid": "D2501726#0",
"title": "http://novaonline.nvcc.edu/eli/evans/his135/Events/Berlinwall61.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Assignment Background Timeline WWW sites Recommended Books Related Events Course home page Assignment What was the impact of the construction of the Berlin Wall on East-West relations and the Cold War? Background The city of Berlin is in the eastern portion of Germany about thirty-five miles west of the post-1945, Polish border and located on the Spree River. The early town had become the capital of the Mark of Brandenburg at the end of the fifteenth century and later capital of the kingdom of Prussia. When the German states created the German Empire in 1871, Berlin became the capital of the new Germany. The city remained the capital of Germany until after World War II, when the United States, France, Great Britain and the Soviet Union occupied four separate zones of the city. As cooperation between the Soviet Union and the West disintegrated after 1945, Germany ended up formally divided into two separate countries. In 1949 the Western powers sponsored the formation of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), or West Germany, while the Soviet Union sponsored the creation of the German Democratic Republic (DDR), or East Germany. The problem with this arrangement was that East Germany contained the city of Berlin, but the western half of the city itself remained under the administration of the Western powers, and thus became a part of West Germany, despite its physical isolation from West Germany (a little more than one hundred miles inside the East-West border. ) In 1948, in an effort to forestall the imminent creation of the FRG, the Soviet Union blockaded ground access to West Berlin in order to speed a resolution of the \"\"Berlin question,\"\" i.e., the incorporation of Berlin into East Germany.) To avoid a direct confrontation with the Soviet army, the Western allies used an enormous air lift to supply the Western sectors of the city for almost a year."
},
{
"docid": "D1158338#0",
"title": "http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-56_u-309_t-763_c-2867/SA/9/The-Berlin-Wall-from-construction-to-destruction/Take-a-good-look/Investigating-history/SOSE-History/\nThe Berlin Wall - from construction to destruction",
"text": "The Berlin Wall - from construction to destruction Unit Home Topic Home Chapter Home 3 Pictures 1 Animations 3 Videos Chapter Summary 0 Activities 0 Exams The Berlin Wall represented more than just a concrete wall. It was a symbol of the division of a country and its people. It was also a symbol of the Cold War and of the division in Europe and the world. Between 1948 and 1960 there was a real possibility that disagreements over the city of Berlin would lead to another world war. The building of the wall meant war was no longer likely. The Cold War The two conflicting ideologies of communism and capitalism had been causing tensions in Europe since the Russian Revolution in 1917. Those tensions had been set aside to defeat Germany in World War II, but after the War was over, they surfaced once more. When both the USSR (Russia) and America developed nuclear weapons, the hostility between the two countries evolved into what has become known as the Cold War. There was never any direct conflict between the two superpowers, so the war never became 'hot'. The Cold War was really an arms race between America and the USSR - each side trying to get one step ahead of the other."
},
{
"docid": "D1601438#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_was_Berlin_Germany_founded\nWhat effect did the Berlin wall have on Germany?",
"text": "\"Picobrandon 1,600 Contributions What effect did the Berlin wall have on Germany? Answer . The Berlin Wall divided East Berlin from West Berlin, walling in the Germans on the Eastern side so that they could not flee to the West and escape communism.. Th …Hibailey6 15 Contributions Why is Berlin Germany so important? Berlin is so important to Germany because it is its capital and a major city. It is popular in Germany and houses many important things. Berlin was the capital before Hitler a …Andreas Andreas 2 Contributions What was the capital of Germany before Berlin? The capital of the German Federal Assembly (1815) was Frankfurt , which was also briefly the capital in 1848. When Germany became a single state in 1871, the Prussian capital o …When was Berlin founded?1192Answerperson123 1 Contribution How do you you pronounce 'Berlin' as in Berlin Germany? Berlin: \"\"Bair-leen\"\" For future reference, recall that \"\"er\"\" usually sounds like \"\"air\"\" (e.g. Herr Albrecht) and \"\"i\"\" sounds like \"\"ee\"\" (e.g. Ich habe Belegtes Brot). Honeytreed 945 Contributions How far is Berlin Germany from Frankfurt Germany?541 km or 336 miles."
},
{
"docid": "D143848#0",
"title": "http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1867.html\nBerlin Wall",
"text": "\"Berlin Wall Introduction In post- World War II Germany, the Berlin Wall was erected on August 16, 1961, along the demarcation between the eastern sector of Berlin controlled by the Soviet Union, and the western sectors occupied by the United States, France, and Great Britain. East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR), was a Communist state that existed from 1949 to 1990 in the former Soviet occupation zone of Germany. The Soviet sector was by far the largest and covered most of east Berlin, including Friedrichshain, Kreuzberg, Mitte, Prenzlauer Berg, Kreuzberg, and Lichtenberg. Its twofold purpose was to prevent well-educated East Germans from leaving East Germany — a \"\"brain drain\"\" — and to impede approximately 80 spy centers and organizations from interfering with the Russian sector. The threat of a second Great Depression loomed large in Europe, and Germany was one of the hardest-hit areas. Most German cities had been all but obliterated, and transportation systems lay in ruins. Routinely, refugees fled from East to West in search of a society sound enough for them to work for the barest daily essentials. In a rare move, the Allied victors decided to allay an economic crisis by helping to rebuild the most-devastated areas as quickly as possible. That effort was called the Marshall Plan, in honor of George C. Marshall, then U. S. Secretary of State, who first called for Allied participation in the restoration of Europe. The success of that strategy earned Marshall a Nobel Peace Prize."
},
{
"docid": "D2146994#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/23074706/germany-divided-and-reunited-flash-cards/\nGermany: Divided and Reunited",
"text": "167 terms elliepalombo Germany: Divided and Reunited Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort When was the Yalta conference February 1945When was the Potsdam conference July 1945What was agreed at the Yalta conference? A united nations organisation would be set up to help maintain future world stability There would be free elections in Poland (under the influence of the USSR, it was feared Stalin would set up communist governments in Europe)Who were the 'Big Three' USA, UK and USSRWhat was the nature of the relationship of the 'Big Three' by the time of the Potsdam conference? it had soured before Hitler was a common enemy - now the differing ideologies began to show What were the aims of the Potsdam conference? To consider disarmament, denazification, territorial adjustments and reparationswhat was agreed at the Potsdam conference? Germany would be split into 4 'zones of occupation' - a british, american, french and soviet zone Berlin would remain the capital but would be divided into 4 as well but was within the soviet zone the soviet zone was 40% of German territory and 30% of its industrial production What was agreed in respects to demilitarisation in Germany at the Potsdam conference? dismantling and destruction of any German factories used for building weapons or armamentsthe 'Cold War' A battle of political ideologies (capitalism and communism) in which the powers directly involved would not fire a single shot at each other, but used the threat of nuclear annihilation and the fighting of proxy wars (backing up conflicts such as the vietnam war) to maintain the balance of power Iron Curtain The term used by Winston Churchill to describe the increased division of Europe between East and West What was different at the Potsdam conference? Presiden Roosevelt died and his replacement President Truman was much less willing to work with the Russians In Britain Clement Atlee took over from Winston Churchill What was the main source of tension between the 'Big three' in 1945? The future of Eastern Europe, especially Poland - Stalin had agreed to free elections however it was clear he intended to set up governments in Eastern Europe which were friendly to the soviet Union This increased suspicions What did Stalin want to use Poland for?"
},
{
"docid": "D74760#0",
"title": "http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/witness/november/9/newsid_3241000/3241641.stm\n.",
"text": "\"1989: The night the Wall came down The 28-mile (45 km) barrier dividing Germany's capital was built in 1961 to prevent East Berliners fleeing to the West. But as Communism in the Soviet Republic and Eastern Europe began to crumble, pressure mounted on the East German authorities to open the Berlin border. The Wall was finally breached by jubilant Berliners on 9 November 1989, unifying a city that had been divided for over 30 years. Some of you were in Berlin the night The Wall came down and sent your stories: I was in Berlin on 9 November 1989. I was a US Army intelligence officer working for Allied Forces. We heard on the TV that some border points had opened and I left my wife and young daughter to see what was going on at Check Point Charlie. Arriving at the checkpoint there was a large crowd on the Western side. Climbing a fence I could see large numbers of people on the Eastern side. At about that time there was an announcement that East Germans would be allowed to visit the West but would require a stamp which would be issued the following morning. The feeling in the air was electric, as if some great force had been let loose Joseph, Portugal Thinking that the East Germans would obey this order, I went home, also feeling a bit guilty for having left my wife home alone with the baby."
},
{
"docid": "D2168328#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110129134947AAW5TeU\nWhat is the purpose of the berlin wall?",
"text": "\"Arts & Humanities History What is the purpose of the berlin wall?its 4 homework Follow 10 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: There are two answers to why it went up, I'll leave it up to you to decide which is more plausible. 1) The Western view: The Berlin wall was built because East Germany was hemorrhaging people, especially skilled workers, professional people and the educated. The wall was to keep them, and people from other satellite countries from fleeing. 2) The Soviet / East German view. The enemies of the people were flooding into the East Germany with a view to destabilise it. They were causing anti-communist agitation among the workers and the brave soldiers of the fraternal countries. The capitalists were also attempting to flood East Germany with worthless Deutschmarks, the wall was built to keep out these currency speculators. And two main answers as to why it came down, both of which are true: 1) The Soviets under Gorbachev came to believe that the countries of Eastern Europe should be allowed to decide their own destinies and they thought that they would do this within a socialist framework. They wanted to engage with the West rather than be hostile to it. 2) They were struggling to maintain their political authority across Eastern Europe and they were financially bankrupt due to SDI and Afghanistan."
}
] |
619969
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what did the costumes look like in the movie citizen kane
|
[
{
"docid": "D1200000#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_Kane\nCitizen Kane",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Citizen Kane Theatrical release poster Directed by Orson Welles Produced by Orson Welles Screenplay by Herman J. Mankiewicz Orson Welles Starring Orson Welles Joseph Cotten Dorothy Comingore Everett Sloane Ray Collins George Coulouris Agnes Moorehead Paul Stewart Ruth Warrick Erskine Sanford William Alland Music by Bernard Herrmann Cinematography Gregg Toland Edited by Robert Wise Production company Mercury Productions Distributed by RKO Radio Pictures Release date May 1, 1941 ( Palace Theatre)September 5, 1941 (United States)Running time 119 minutes [1]Country United States Language English Budget $839,727 [2]Box office $1.6 million (1991 re-release) [3]Citizen Kane is a 1941 American mystery drama film by Orson Welles, its producer, co-screenwriter, director and star. The picture was Welles's first feature film. Nominated for Academy Awards in nine categories, it won an Academy Award for Best Writing (Original Screenplay) by Herman J. Mankiewicz and Welles. Considered by many critics, filmmakers, and fans to be the greatest film of all time, Citizen Kane was voted as such in five consecutive British Film Institute Sight & Sound polls of critics, until it was displaced by Vertigo in the 2012 poll. It topped the American Film Institute 's 100 Years ... 100 Movies list in 1998, as well as its 2007 update. Citizen Kane is particularly praised for its cinematography, music, editing and narrative structure, which have been considered innovative and precedent-setting. The quasi-biographical film examines the life and legacy of Charles Foster Kane, played by Welles, a character based in part upon the American newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst, Chicago tycoons Samuel Insull and Harold Mc Cormick, and aspects of Welles's own life. Upon its release, Hearst prohibited mention of the film in any of his newspapers. Kane's career in the publishing world is born of idealistic social service, but gradually evolves into a ruthless pursuit of power. Narrated principally through flashbacks, the story is told through the research of a newsreel reporter seeking to solve the mystery of the newspaper magnate's dying word: \"\"Rosebud\"\"."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D3412532#0",
"title": "http://www.filmsite.org/filmterms13.html\n.",
"text": "\"Film Terms Glossary Illustrated L - MFilm Terms Glossary - Index (alphabetical and illustrated) Introduction | A - 1 | A - 2 | B - 1 | B - 2 | C - 1 | C - 2 | C - 3 | D | E | FG - H | I - J - K | L - M | N - O | P | Q - R | S - 1 | S - 2 | T | U - V - W - X - Y - ZFilm Terms Glossary Cinematic Terms Definition and Explanation Example (if applicable)landmark filma revolutionary film, due to either its technical or performance artistry; those films recognized by the National Film Registry Examples: The Jazz Singer (1927) (the first 'talkie'), Footlight Parade (1933) (Busby Berkeley's landmark musical), Citizen Kane (1941), Jaws (1975) (the first 'blockbuster')lap dissolverefers to a type of transition between two scenes - the first scene closes with a fade out, and a fade in brings up the next scenelavalier (microphone)a miniature type of microphone, usually omni-directional and wireless, and small enough to be taped or clipped to an actor, to record dialogue; aka lav, lapel or lap microphones L-cuta digital film editing term, also known as a split edit, J-cut or delayed edit; it refers to a transitional edit in which the audio and video edit do not start at the same time; the audio starts before (or after) the picture cutlead rolerefers to the most important, main character in a film, often distinguished by gender; usually there is at least one male and female lead role; also usually known as protagonist ; contrasted to supporting roles or characters. Example: Julie Andrews in the lead role in Mary Poppins (1964)'legs'a film that has 'legs' has strong and profitable box-office , stamina and audience drawing power far beyond the opening weekend; the term usually applies to films that last many months Examples: Il Postino (1994), Titanic (1997), Hoop Dreams (1994), My Big Fat Greek Wedding (2002)leitmotifan intentionally-repeated, recurring element or theme associated with a particular person, idea, milieu, or action; the element presents itself as a repeated sound, shot, bit of dialogue, piece of music, etc., that helps unify a film by reminding the viewer of its earlier appearance; sometimes presented along with a film's tag line on a film poster. Examples: John Williams' ominous, chromatic scale music signifying that a shark attack is imminent in Jaws (1975); or in Fritz Lang's M (1931) - the M in the title sequence is associated with a fragment of Edward Grieg’s Peer Gynt - and thereafter connected with the whistled tune of the murderer; the many musical leitmotifs in Laura (1944) ; or the sounds of heavy breathing of killer Michael Myers in Halloween (1978)lensa piece of optical glass in a camera through which light passes and the image is focused before hitting the film stock inside; various types include wide-angle lens, telephoto lens, normal, etc. ; to lense means to film a motion pictureletterboxing (or letterboxed)the technique of shrinking the film image just enough so that its entire width appears on TV screen, with black areas above and below the image; refers to the way that videos emulate the widescreen format on television screens; if a widescreen film is not in the letterbox format it is often in pan-and-scan format. An example of letterboxing, from Apocalypse Now (1979).library shot a stock shot, often unimaginative or commonplacelightingrefers to the illumination of a scene, and the manipulation of light and shadows by the cinematographer.line producerrefers to the film producer who works on location and is responsible for daily operations and budget of a particular film shoot - to manage the day-to-day aspects involving all of the people and expenseslinesrefers to the spoken dialogue belonging to a single performer; also refers to the full complement of spoken words in a film or stage script; also known simply as dialogue. See this site's information on \"\" Greatest Film Quotes and Movie Dialogues \"\"the Lion (Leo) a slang term that refers to Metro-Goldwyn Mayer (MGM) Studios -- with the legendary \"\"Leo the Lion\"\" logolip sync refers to synchronization between mouth movement and the words on the film's soundtracklocation (or on location)the properties or places (interior or exterior) used for filming away from the studio, set, or (back)lot, often to increase the authenticity and realism of the film's appearance; exteriors are abbreviated as ext., and interiors as int. Example: To Kill a Mockingbird (1962) opens with the camera descending into the small town of Maycomb, Alabama, with the voice-over narration of the older Scout (uncredited Kim Stanley) describing the location: \"\"Maycomb was a tired old town, even in 1932 when I first knew it...\"\"location sound refers to recording background sound on location, to improve the film's realism; see also buzz tracklocked-down shotrefers to a camera shot in which the camera remains immobile and fixed, while something happens off-screen (e.g., an off-screen death) - usually employed as a technique to create suspenseloglinea short, introductory summary of a film, usually found on the first page of the screenplay, to be read by executives, judges, agents, producers and script-readers; all screenwriters use loglines to sell their scripts; also known as premise; see also high concept hook Example: The logline of Some Like It Hot (1959) - two broke male musicians who accidentally witness the St. Valentines' Day massacre must elude the mobsters who pursue them; they dress in drag and join an all-girl band traveling to Florida. Complications arise when one of them falls for a sexy singer and poses as a rich playboy so he can woo her; he convinces his partner to dodge the amorous advances of the elderly millionaire he is impersonating."
},
{
"docid": "D3432997#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Grayson\nDick Grayson",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Dick Grayson Dick Grayson as Nightwing on the textless cover of Nightwing #150 (January 2009). Art by Don Kramer. Publication information Publisher DC Comics First appearance As Robin: Detective Comics #38 (April 1940) As Nightwing: Tales of the Teen Titans #44 (July 1984) As Batman: Robin #0 (October 1994) As Target: Nightwing: The Target #1 (September 2001) As Agent 37: Grayson #1 (July 2014)Created by Bill Finger Bob Kane In-story information Full name Richard John Grayson Team affiliations Batman Family Teen Titans Outsiders Batman Incorporated Justice League Spyral [1]Court of Owls GCPDPartnerships Bruce Wayne Damian Wayne Tim Drake Jason Todd Barbara Gordon Starfire Huntress Notable aliases Robin, Boy Wonder, Nightwing, Batman, Agent 37Abilities Skilled acrobat and aerialist Skilled martial artist and hand-to-hand combatant Expert detective Utilizes high-tech equipment and weapons Richard John Grayson is a fictional character, a superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly in association with Batman. Created by writer Bill Finger and artist Bob Kane, he first appeared in Detective Comics #38 in April 1940 as the original incarnation of Robin. In Tales of the Teen Titans #44 ( July 1984) the character retires his role as Robin and assumes the superhero persona of Nightwing, created by Marv Wolfman and artist George Pérez. The youngest in a family of Gotham City acrobats known as the \"\"Flying Graysons\"\", Dick watches a mafia boss kill his parents in order to extort money from the circus that employed them. Batman (Bruce Wayne) takes him in as a legal ward ( retconned as an adopted son in some cases) and the crime-fighting partner Robin. He is written by many authors as the first son of Batman. [ 2] As well as being Batman's crime-fighting partner, Dick establishes himself as the leader of the Teen Titans, a team of teenage superheroes. As a young man, he retires as Robin and takes on his own superhero identity to assert his independence, becoming Nightwing."
},
{
"docid": "D2061775#0",
"title": "http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/1024.html\nBob Kane, 83, the Cartoonist Who Created 'Batman,' Is Dead",
"text": "November 7, 1998OBITUARYBob Kane, 83, the Cartoonist Who Created 'Batman,' Is Dead By SARAH BOXERBob Kane, the cartoonist who created Batman the Caped Crusader and his sidekick, Robin the Boy Wonder, died on Tuesday at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles. He was 83 and lived in Los Angeles. Batman and Robin, the characters that Mr. Kane created with his partner, Bill Finger, nearly 60 years ago, are some of the longest-lived comic-book heroes in the world. They are ''up there with Superman, Mickey Mouse, Bugs Bunny and Oz, said Paul Levitz, the executive vice president and publisher of DC Comics. Born in New York City, Mr. Kane attended Cooper Union and the Art Students League. His first comic strips, ''Peter Pupp'' and ''Hiram Hick,'' were published in 1936. In 1938 he started drawing adventure strips, ''Rusty and His Pals'' and ''Clip Carson,'' for National Comics. That same year, a comic-book hero called Superman appeared. Vincent Sullivan, the editor of National Comics, who also owned Superman, asked Mr. Kane and Mr. Finger to come up with a Supercompetitor. They developed Batman on a single weekend."
},
{
"docid": "D645100#0",
"title": "http://www.businessinsider.com/biggest-oscar-upsets-ranked-2017-2\nThe 21 biggest Oscar upsets of all time, ranked",
"text": "\"\"\"Crash. \"\" Lionsgate Regardless of if you love watching the Oscars or love to hate-watch it, the highlight is always when there's an upset winner. With months of being told why a person or film is going to win, there's nothing like watching the genuine surprise and spontaneous, authentic reaction when someone seems to steal away Hollywood's biggest prize. That can range from Roberto Benigni standing on his seat after winning best actor in 1999 to Adrien Brody planting a big kiss on presenter Halle Berry when he won the award in 2003. And let's not forget the way \"\"Moonlight\"\" shocked the world last year. Here are the 21 biggest upsets in Oscar history ranked: View As: One Page Slides21. Marcia Gay Harden wins best supporting actress for \"\"Pollock\"\" (2001)Sony Pictures Classics A big indicator of who will win on Oscar night comes from the nominations and wins before that night, which is what makes Harden's win so shocking. Her performance as Lee Krasner did not get recognized at the Golden Globes, SAG Awards, or BAFTAs. But her name was called on the biggest night.20. Anna Paquin wins best supporting actress for \"\"The Piano\"\" (1994)APRarely does the Academy award children, but at 11 years old Paquin took the award, beating out Emma Thompson (\"\"In the Name of the Father\"\"), Winona Ryder (\"\"The Age of Innocence\"\"), Rosie Perez (\"\"Fearless\"\"), and Holly Hunter (\"\"The Firm\"\"), who was also nominated in the best actress category for playing opposite Paquin in \"\"The Piano.\"\""
},
{
"docid": "D3178963#0",
"title": "http://www.mtv.com/news/2815050/best-death-scenes/\nThe 15 Best Death Scenes in Movies",
"text": "\"Movies The 15 Best Death Scenes in Movies Max Evry03/06/2013The new horror anthology \"\"The ABCs of Death\"\" wants to give gorehounds what they want in alphabetical order by representing each of their 26 segments with a letter. That's fine with us, since we always have plenty of death scenes organized with the Dewey Decimal System, and here are 15 of the most memorable, bloody, and enjoyable ones in the bunch. Oh yeah, um, spoilers. Taketoki Washizu in 'Throne of Blood' (1957)'A' is for 'Arrows'In one of Akira Kurosawa's many samurai epics with star/badass supreme Toshiro Mifune, the two of them created the kind of arrow-related death that \"\"Lord of the Rings\"\" elf Legolas must dream about at night. By the time this Macbeth stand-in is done for he's got more wood in him than Jenna Jameson and resembles a stoned porcupine. Sayonara, sucker!High Treason Throne of Blood at MOVIECLIPS.com Jaws in 'Jaws' (1975)'B' is for 'Blown the f**k up! ' This movie and \"\"Star Wars\"\" made it a standard in Hollywood that something or someone has to be destroyed in a MASSIVE explosion at the end of every summer blockbuster. That's understandable, considering how bloody satisfying it is when Chief Brody (Roy Scheider) lands that one-in-a-million shot right at the pressurized scuba tank in that punk ass's gaping maw. Brody Kills the Beast Jaws— MOVIECLIPS.com Hitler in 'Inglourious Basterds' (2009)'D' is for 'Dictatorcide! ' Quentin Tarantino made the movie all Jews wanted to see but just didn't know it: The fantasy murder of Adolph Hitler."
},
{
"docid": "D2551397#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/Is-Marvels-Ant-Man-ripped-off-from-DCs-Atom\nIs Marvel's Ant-Man ripped off from DC's Atom?",
"text": "\"Atom (DC character) Ant-Man (Marvel character) Distributed Control Systems (DCS)DC Comics Vs. Marvel Comics DC Comics Marvel Comics Comparisons Is Marvel's Ant-Man ripped off from DC's Atom?ad by Atlassian Jira official site. One tool is enough to track issues & release great software. Try Jira for free. Free Trial at atlassian.com11 Answers Thaddeus Howze, Marvel Comics Expert, Comic Historian Updated Mar 31, 2017 · Upvoted by Deepak Mehta, has read over 2000 Marvel comics (yes, I keep track) · Author has 689 answers and 9.3m answer views There's more to it than just the publication date... It would be so easy to just say, look at their publication dates and say Ant-Man is a ripoff of The Atom and be done with it. Rather we should look at the characters and see how each evolved considering how they began. Both characters are born of the Silver Age, when the comic industry was struggling to reinvent itself. DC and Marvel were experiencing an explosion of new ideas and were trying to capitalize on what was becoming a renewed interest in superhero-related comics. Both heroes were \"\"science heroes.\"\" A class of heroes of that era, replacing the grim and gritty Westerns which saved the comic industry during their doldrums but now needed to fall by the wayside, allowing heroes who used science and technology to usher in a new age."
},
{
"docid": "D3341474#0",
"title": "https://www.regmovies.com/movies/citizen-kane/B00761114291/trivia\nTrivia for Citizen Kane",
"text": "\"Showing all 131 items Jump to: Spoilers (6)The scene where Kane destroys Susan's room after she's left him was done on the first take. Director/star Orson Welles' hands were bleeding, and he is quoted as saying, \"\"I really felt it. \"\" Orson Welles reportedly wore out a print of The Power and the Glory (1933) while studying its story construction, a technique its screenwriter Preston Sturges referred to as \"\"narratage. \"\" Susan's singing voice was provided by a professional opera singer who, under Orson Welles' direction, sang outside of her vocal range. She agreed to having her voice used this way on the condition that her identity never be revealed, fearing it would harm her career. She was Jean Forward of the San Francisco Opera. The opening scene in a darkened theater (after the newsreel) is played by all the main male characters from the rest of the film, including Joseph Cotten and Orson Welles. The credited cast was entirely from the Mercury Theatre troupe, which Orson Welles founded when he was 21 years old. The Mercury Theatre did radio dramatizations of such works as \"\"Les Miserables\"\", \"\"A Tale of Two Cities\"\", \"\"Treasure Island\"\", \"\"The 39 Steps\"\", \"\"Abraham Lincoln\"\", \"\"The Count of Monte Cristo' and, most famously, \"\"The War of the Worlds\"\". Alan Ladd makes an uncredited appearance as one of the reporters at the end of the film (the one \"\"with the pipe,\"\" as indicated in the credits list), discussing Kane and \"\"Rosebud\"\" just before the furnace finale."
},
{
"docid": "D53433#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award\nAcademy Awards",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Academy Award)navigation search\"\"Oscars\"\" and \"\"The Oscar\"\" redirect here. For other uses, see Oscar (disambiguation). The Oscars90th Academy Awards Awarded for Excellence in cinematic achievements Country United States Presented by Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences First awarded 16 May 1929; 88 years ago Website oscar .go .com Most recent Academy Award winners← 2016 Best in films in 2017 2018 →Award Best Actor Best Actress Winner Gary Oldman ( Darkest Hour) Frances Mc Dormand ( Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri)Award Best Supporting Actor Best Supporting Actress Winner Sam Rockwell ( Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri) Allison Janney ( I, Tonya)Award Best Director Best Original Screenplay Winner Guillermo del Toro ( The Shape of Water) Jordan Peele ( Get Out)Previous Best Picture Moonlight Best Picture The Shape of Water The Academy Awards, also known as the Oscars, [1] are a set of 24 awards for artistic and technical merit in the American film industry, given annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), to recognize excellence in cinematic achievements as assessed by the Academy's voting membership. The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the \"\"Academy Award of Merit\"\", which has become commonly known by its nickname \"\"Oscar\"\". The sculpture was created by George Stanley. [ 2] The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS. [ 3] [4]The awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now seen live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. [ 5] The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony. Its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music – are modeled after the Academy Awards. ["
},
{
"docid": "D539956#0",
"title": "http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0372558/bio\nBiography",
"text": "\"Edit William Randolph Hearst Biography Showing all 28 items Jump to: Overview (4) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (1) | Trivia (16) | Personal Quotes (6)Overview (4)Born April 29, 1863 in San Francisco, California, USADied August 14, 1951 in Beverly Hills, California, USA (heart attack)Nicknames W. R. The Chief Pops Height 6' 3\"\" (1.91 m)Mini Bio (1)William Randolph Hearst was the greatest newspaper baron in the history of the United States and is the person whom Citizen Kane (1941), widely regarded as the greatest film ever made, is primarily based on. While there are many similarities between Charles Foster Kane, as limned by the great Orson Welles and his screenwriter, Herman J. Mankiewicz (who knew Hearst), there are many dissimilarities also. He was born on April 29, 1863, in San Francisco, California, the only child of the multi-millionaire miner George Hearst and his wife, Phoebe Apperson Hearst. Mrs. Hearst was a former school-teacher with refined manners who was over 20 years her husband's junior. Phoebe spoiled William Randolph, who was raised with personal tutors and sent to the most elite prep schools back East. He attended Harvard College but was expelled in 1885. When he was 23 years old, William Randolph asked his father if he could take over the daily operation of the \"\"San Francisco Examiner,\"\" a newspaper that George had acquired as payment for a gambling debt. His father relented and William Randolph took over, styling himself as its \"\"Proprietor.\"\" The \"\"Examiner,\"\" which he grandly called \"\"The Monarch of the Dailies\"\" on its masthead, was the first of many newspapers that the young Hearst would come to run, and the first where he indulged his appetite for sensationalistic, attention-getting, circulation-boosting news stories. When his father George died, Phoebe Hearst liquidated the family mining assets to fund her son's acquisition of the ailing \"\"New York Morning Journal.\"\" ("
},
{
"docid": "D812458#0",
"title": "http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/418/Singin-In-The-Rain/articles.html\nSingin' in the Rain (1952)",
"text": "\"Articles TCM's The Essentials: Singin' in the Rain: Read a TCM article about why this film is an 'Essential'TCM's The Essentials - Pop Culture: Singin' in the Rain: Read a TCM article about the pop culture influence of this film TCM's The Essentials - Trivia: Singin' in the Rain: Read a TCM article covering trivia for this film SEE ALL ARTICLESSingin' in the Rain (1952)SYNOPSIS Don Lockwood is a famous silent screen star that stars in swashbuckling adventures. His latest venture is The Dueling Cavalier in which he stars opposite Lina Lamont, one of the most glamorous actresses in movies. For publicity purposes they pretend to be romantically involved in their personal lives but, in reality, Don has his eye on Kathy Selden, a chorus girl he met at a film premiere party. When Don's studio boss, R. F. Simpson, decides to turn The Dueling Cavalier into a talking picture, they experience some major problems, particularly with Ms. Lamont whose voice is laughable. Luckily, Don and his buddy, Cosmo Brown, come up with the perfect solution for their temperamental leading lady. They hire Kathy Selden to talk and sing for Ms. Lamont who only has to lip-synch to the words. It's a great plan but it doesn't proceed very smoothly due to Don and Kathy's budding romance which drives Lina to jealous extremes. Producer: Arthur Freed Director: Stanley Donen, Gene Kelly Screenplay: Betty Comden, Adolph Green Art Direction: Randall Duell, Cedric Gibbons Cinematography: Harold Rosson Costume Design: Walter Plunkett Editing: Adrienne Fazan Original Music: Nacio Herb Brown, Lennie Hayton Lyrics: Arthur Freed Choreography: Gene Kelly, Stanley Donen (uncredited) Cast: Gene Kelly (Don Lockwood), Donald O'Connor (Cosmo Brown), Debbie Reynolds (Kathy Selden), Jean Hagen (Lina Lamont), Millard Mitchell (R. F. Simpson), Cyd Charisse (Dancer), Douglas Fowley (Roscoe Dexter), Rita Moreno (Zelda Zanders). C-103m. Closed captioning."
},
{
"docid": "D3230474#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hood\nRed Hood",
"text": "\"Red Hood From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the DC Comics character. For the protagonist of the Brothers Grimm's fable, see Little Red Riding Hood. The Red Hood Jason Todd as Red Hood on the cover of Red Hood/Arsenal #10 (May 2016). Art by Dexter Soy. Publication information Publisher DC Comics First comic appearanceas Joker: Detective Comics #168 (February 1951)as Jason Todd: Batman #635 (February 2005)Created by Bill Finger In-story information Alter ego Jason Todd Joker Team affiliations The Red Hood Gang The Outlaws Abilities Jason Todd Skilled marksman Skilled martial artist and hand-to-hand combatant Utilizes high-tech equipment and weapons The Red Hood is an alias used by multiple fictional characters and a criminal organization appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Jason Todd is the most widely known version of the incarnation, and he assumes the Red Hood identity in the main DC Comics continuity. Contents1 Fictional character biography1.1 Joker1.2 Jason Todd1.3 Red Hood Gang2 Other versions2.1 Kingdom Come2.2 Red Hood and the Outlaws2.3 DCAU comics2.4 Justice League: Generation Lost2.5 Batman '663 In other media3.1 Television3.2 Film3.3 Video games3.4 Merchandise4 See also5 References Fictional character biography [ edit]Joker [ edit]Main article: Joker (character)The Red Hood first appeared in Detective Comics #168 (Feb. 1951), in the story \"\" The Man Behind The Red Hood! \"\". In the original continuity, the man later known as the Joker was a master criminal going by the Red Hood alias, claiming to be a lab worker intending to steal $1,000,000 and retire. His costume consisted of a tuxedo, a red cape, and a large domed red helmet with no eye holes or facial features. While attempting to rob a playing card company, he was cornered and dove into a catch basin full of chemicals and swam to freedom, surviving because of a special breathing apparatus built into the helmet."
},
{
"docid": "D225292#0",
"title": "http://www.themost10.com/famous-comic-book-superheroes/\n10 Most Famous Comic Book Superheroes",
"text": "10 Most Famous Comic Book Superheroes Erkan May 15, 2012 Uncategorized 51Comic book s aren’t as popular as they used to be nowadays but superhero creator companies can still use their fame and keep them alive. Although these comic book characters even doesn’t exist in real life, their fame is enough real to make real big money in various industries. You can easily see a superhero anywhere. In movie theaters, toy shops, clothing stores, home textile shops, gift shops,fast food restaurants and list continues. I’m not a fan of any superhero myself but i would love to be creator of one to make big bucks. Check out 10 Most Famous Comic Book Superheroes below. Feel free to comment and share your favourite superhero with us.10 – Spawn Spawn Created by Todd Mc Farlane , Spawn is one of the longest-running and most-respected independent comic book character of all time. Al Simmons, once the U. S. government’s greatest soldier and most effective assassin, was mercilessly executed by his own men. But he made a deal with a demon to return to Earth, reborn as a creature from the depths of Hell. A Hellspawn.09 – Captain America Captain America In World War II, patriotic solider Steve Rogers volunteered as a test subject for the “Super Soldier Serum” and became a living symbol of freedom."
},
{
"docid": "D545703#0",
"title": "http://www.psu.edu/dept/inart10_110/inart10/cmbk2fungold.html\n.",
"text": "\"Integrative Arts 10Part 1: Comic Strips Lead to a New Form The History of Superhero Comic Books By Jamie Coville B efore there were Superhero comic books there were Funny Books. People called them \"\"funny\"\" books because inside were reprints of comic strips from newspapers, much like the Garfield or Calvin and Hobbs strips you read today. One of the first American funny books came over 100 years ago! In 1896 a book called The Yellow Kid came out. It was the first time a comic strip was printed into a pulp magazine. This trend continued when Dell Publishing put out the first issue of The Funnies in 1910. This book was published on a monthly basis. It was a big tabloid-sized book that was distributed by the newsstands along with newspapers. In 1933, the first true \"\"comic\"\" book came out. It was called Funnies on Parade, and it appeared in the same 8\"\" x 11\"\" format that comic books are printed in today."
},
{
"docid": "D2785503#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cat%27s_Meow\nThe Cat's Meow",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other senses of this term, see Cat's meow (disambiguation)The Cat's Meow Theatrical release poster Directed by Peter Bogdanovich Produced by Julie Baines Kim Bieber Carol Lewis Dieter Meyer Screenplay by Steven Peros Based on The Cat's Meow by Steven Peros Starring Kirsten Dunst Edward Herrmann Eddie Izzard Cary Elwes Joanna Lumley Jennifer Tilly Music by Ian Whitcomb Cinematography Bruno Delbonnel Edited by Edward G. Norris Production company Dan Films CP Medien Distributed by Swipe Films (UK)Lionsgate Release date3 August 2001 ( LIFF)12 April 2002 (US)4 June 2004 (UK)Running time 112 minutes [1]Country United States Germany United Kingdom Language English Budget $7 million Box office $3,646,994 [2]The Cat's Meow is a 2001 period drama film directed by Peter Bogdanovich, and starring Kirsten Dunst, Eddie Izzard, Edward Herrmann, Cary Elwes, Joanna Lumley and Jennifer Tilly. The screenplay by Steven Peros is based on his play of the same title, which was inspired by the mysterious death of film mogul Thomas H. Ince. The film takes place aboard publisher William Randolph Hearst 's yacht on a weekend cruise celebrating Ince's 44th birthday on November 16, 1924. Among those in attendance are Hearst's longtime companion and film actress Marion Davies, fellow actor Charlie Chaplin, writer Elinor Glyn, columnist Louella Parsons, and actress Margaret Livingston. The celebration is cut short by an unusual death that would go on to become the subject of legendary Hollywood folklore. Contents [ hide ]1 Plot2 Cast3 Background4 Production5 Release6 Reception6.1 Awards7 Home media8 References9 External links Plot [ edit]November 15, 1924: Among those boarding the luxury yacht Oneida in San Pedro, California are its owner, publishing magnate William Randolph Hearst, and his mistress, silent film star Marion Davies; motion picture mogul Thomas H. Ince, whose birthday is the reason for the weekend cruise, and his mistress, starlet Margaret Livingston; international film star Charlie Chaplin; English writer Elinor Glyn; and Louella Parsons, a film critic for Hearst's New York American. Several of those participating in the weekend's festivities are at a crossroads in their lives and/or careers. Chaplin, still dealing with the critical and commercial failure of A Woman of Paris and rumors he has impregnated 16-year-old Lita Grey (who appeared in his film The Kid) is in the midst of preparing The Gold Rush. Davies longs to appear in a slapstick comedy rather than the somber costume dramas to which Hearst has kept her confined. Ince's eponymous film studio is in dire financial straits, so he hopes to convince Hearst to take him on as a partner in Cosmopolitan Pictures."
},
{
"docid": "D2208077#0",
"title": "http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0290747/reviews\nUser Reviews",
"text": "\"Man-Thing (2005)User Reviews Add a Review92 Reviews Ordered By: Helpfulness6 /10Based on the popular comic book of the same name from Marvel comics group.ma-cortes 13 November 2009An Oil Company whose owner is an ambitious villain (Jack Thompson)is polluting the Bywater lands and the villagers are up in arms and a swamp thing is committing horrible murders. A new sheriff named Kyle (Matthew Le Nevez) arrives the little town. He is sent to the Bayou to investigate , helped by a deputy (Alex O'Loughlin) . There finds a beast, a plant with an animal's aggression power for survival and fury. Meanwhile the sheriff falls in love with a gorgeous elementary school teacher named Teri ( Rachael Taylor). This exciting picture is packed by thrills, chills, gory killings and brief nudism in charge of Imogen Bailey. It's an unusual mix of monster movie and intrigue but definitely an enjoyable movie. From the producers- Avi Arad and Stan Lee- of Spiderman, Daredevil, X men, Blade and several others. Director Brett Leonard made this campy swamp romp adapted from the Marvel comic books of the same name. Director deliberately use comic-book style to keep us from taking anything too seriously."
},
{
"docid": "D716262#0",
"title": "http://www.ohbabynames.com/meaning/name/kane/1688\nKane",
"text": "\"Kane Rating : Excellent0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 4.5 / 531 Times rated Add to My Favorites Quick Facts on Kane Gender: Boy Origin: English, Gaelic, Irish Number of syllables: 1Ranking popularity: 541Pronunciation: KANESimple meaning: Little battler Characteristics of Kane Dependable Solid Practical Hard-working Industrious Studious Conservative Etymology & Historical Origin - Kane Kane is the transferred use of an English surname derived from an old Irish personal name Cathán from the Gaelic “cath” meaning “battle\"\" plus the diminutive suffix “-án” meaning “little battler”. The O’Catháins (O’Kanes) were a prominent Ulster sept in Ireland. There also existed a 6th century Irish Saint Cathán who proselytized Christianity to the Gaelic region of Dál Riata in western Scotland. We also know there was a 9th century Irish abbess named Cathán which seems to indicate the name was given to females as well. The anglicized form of Kane was popularized as a masculine given name starting in the 1960s, primarily in the United States and Australia. Popularity of the Name Kane The name Kane did not appear on the American male naming charts until 1986 and it took a few years for this one to stick. The name saw some of its biggest pops in usage in the early 1990s, perhaps influenced by rapper Big Daddy Kane who won a Grammy in 1991. Kane saw another jump in the charts between 2007 and 2008 which we think was owed to a popular wrestler named Kane. Today the name seems to be leveling off at lower than average positions on the charts. Kane is a simplistic, one-syllable masculine name."
},
{
"docid": "D1862859#0",
"title": "http://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/2016/05/01/is-citizen-kane-still-the-greatest-film-ever-made/\nIs Citizen Kane still the greatest film ever made?",
"text": "Is Citizen Kane still the greatest film ever made? Citizen Kane, released 75 years ago today Credit: Rex Features Matthew Sweet1 May 2016 • 9:33am C itizen Kane was first released on May 1, 1941. This article was first published in 2012 to coincide with the radio programme Challenging Kane. The B-movie is dead, the Strawberry Mivvi has gone to ice-cream Valhalla and you can’t light up in the five-and-nines. But one thing in cinema has remained constant for the past half-century – Citizen Kane is still regarded as the greatest motion picture ever made. Orson Welles’s 1941 feature tracks the rise and fall of an American media mogul from the Colorado backwoods to a lonely death in his fairy-tale palace. Every 10 years Sight and Sound magazine has canvassed a caucus of critics for their top 10 films. Every time since 1962, Kane has taken the top spot. This week I finished making a radio documentary about the 50-year reign of Welles’s masterpiece – and heard how it might all soon be over, thanks to a change in constituency boundaries. The last time the survey was conducted, 145 mainly anglophone critics were polled."
},
{
"docid": "D1842290#0",
"title": "http://entertainment.time.com/2012/11/25/was-hitchcock-psycho/\nWas Hitchcock Psycho?",
"text": "Review Was Hitchcock Psycho? Alfred Hitchcock: genius or monster, or both? By Richard Corliss Nov. 25, 2012Read Later Suzanne Tenner/Fox Searchlight Anthony Hopkins as Alfred Hitchcock Email Print Share Follow @TIMECulture Rehearsing Janet Leigh for the shower scene in Psycho, Alfred Hitchcock comes at the nude actress, Mrs. Bates’s knife in his hand, displaying murderous intent as he slashes and stabs, leaving Leigh shaken. For a sequence in The Birds in which gulls attack Tippi Hedren in an attic, he replaces the promised prop creatures with live gulls that peck away until Hedren is bleeding and traumatized. The scene takes a week to shoot, not the single day Hedren expected. By the end Hitchcock, furious at Tippi for rejecting his clumsy displays of passion, realizes that he has staged an assault for his pleasure, his crew’s horror and her shame. Did these little on-the-set atrocities actually occur? Maybe; a director will try anything to get a suitable reaction from his performers — shock therapy included. Does it matter? As Hitchcock said to his frequent leading lady Ingrid Bergman, “It’s only a movie.”"
},
{
"docid": "D1631537#0",
"title": "http://www.culturewars.com/2012/Batman.htm\n.",
"text": "Wall Street Risesby E. Michael Jones As some indication of the intellectual bankruptcy of what passes for conservative commentary these days, Rush Limbaugh accused Dark Knight Rises director Christopher Nolan of turning the third and final installment of his Batman trilogy into a covert attack on Republican Presidential Candidate Mitt Romney by naming the film’s villain “Bane.” 1 Limbaugh claims that Bane the Villain will remind moviegoers that Romney once worked for Bain Capital; these same mindless zombies will then go to the polls in November and re-elect Obama for a second term. Quod Erat Demonstratum, as we used to say in sophomore geometry class. If Limbaugh had dialed down his ingestion of Oxycontin a bit before heading off to the mulitplex, he might have noticed something fairly obvious. Bane is the leader of the Occupy Wall Street revolutionaries in the film. Bane is also the leader of the group which shot up the New York stock exchange and took a bunch of yuppies wearing suspenders off on a mad motorcycle chase before they bounced down the highway. Nolan’s film, in other words, says the exact opposite of what Rush Limbaugh claims. Not to be outdone by Rush Limbaugh, director Christopher Nolan made even more preposterous statements in his interview with Brian Hiatt in Rolling Stone, when he denied that his film was “intended to convey an anti-Occupy Wall Street message” and went on to insist “that none of his Batman films are intended to be political.” 2 Then as if to insure us that he hadn’t lapsed into a drug-induced psychosis similar to the one Rush Limbaugh exhibited during his foray into film reviewing, Nolan continued by stating unequivocally: “If you’re saying, ‘Have you made a film that’s supposed to be criticizing the Occupy Wall Street movement?’ – well, obviously, that’s not true.”"
},
{
"docid": "D877873#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/Is-Rosebud-in-Citizen-Kane-considered-a-MacGuffin\nIs Rosebud in Citizen Kane considered a MacGuffin?",
"text": "\"Ted Haigh, In the Hollywood movie biz for thirty years. Answered Nov 20, 2017 · Author has 1.9k answers and 2m answer views This is a fun question, and I smile at all the answers because it is a fun question. No. In my view “Rosebud” is not a Mc Guffin in Citizen Kane. It is an epiphany. The difference is, a Mc Guffin is a hidden device whereby in retrospect, one could trace the entire narrative, backward or forward, and see its workings. That Bruce Willis was dead in the Sixth Sense was a Mc Guffin. O’Henry “twist” endings were, more often than not, epiphanies. Nor, by the way, are Mc Guffins the same as “red herrings. ”It was not the sled that informed Charles Foster Kane’s life, it was, as Ali Ilyas astutely puts it, Kane’s lost innocence, carefree childhood, et."
}
] |
619978
|
what did the dawes act do
|
[
{
"docid": "D290474#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawes_Act\nDawes Act",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Not to be confused with Dawes Plan. This article has been nominated to be checked for its neutrality. Discussion of this nomination can be found on the talk page. ( October 2014) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Dawes Act Other short titles Dawes Severalty Act of 1887Long title An Act to provide for the allotment of lands in severalty to Indians on the various reservations, and to extend the protection of the laws of the United States and the Territories over the Indians, and for other purposes. Nicknames General Allotment Act of 1887Enacted by the 49th United States Congress Effective February 8, 1887Citations Public law 49-119Statutes at Large 24 Stat. 388Codification Titles amended 25 U. S. C.: Indians U. S. C. sections created 25 U. S. C. ch. 9 § 331 et seq. Legislative history Introduced in the Senate by Henry L. Dawes ( R – MA)Signed into law by President Grover Cleveland on February 8, 1887Poster The Dawes Act of 1887 (also known as the General Allotment Act or the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 ), [1] [2] adopted by Congress in 1887, authorized the President of the United States to survey American Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians. Those who accepted allotments and lived separately from the tribe would be granted United States citizenship. The Dawes Act was amended in 1891, in 1898 by the Curtis Act, and again in 1906 by the Burke Act."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1486067#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081210092748AAMnXBt\nWhat is Dawes Act? why it is significant to the U.S History?",
"text": "\"Arts & Humanities History What is Dawes Act? why it is significant to the U. S History? Follow 4 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: THIS IS ALL YOU NEED : Dawes Act Columbia Encyclopedia or General Allotment Act, 1887, passed by the U. S. Congress to provide for the granting of landholdings (allotments, usually 160 acres/65 hectares) to individual Native Americans, replacing communal tribal holdings. Sponsored by U. S. Senator H. L. Dawes, the aim of the act was to absorb tribe members into the larger national society. Allotments could be sold after a statutory period (25 years), and “surplus” land not allotted was opened to settlers. Within decades following the passage of the act the vast majority of what had been tribal land in the West was in white hands. The act also established a trust fund to collect and distribute proceeds from oil, mineral, timber, and grazing leases on Native American lands. The failure of the Bureau of Indian Affairs to manage this trust fund properly led to legislation and lawsuits in the 1990s and early 2000s to force the government to properly account for the revenues collected. The Dawes General Allotment (Severalty) Act, February 8, 1887, converted all Indian tribal lands to individual ownership in an attempt to facilitate the assimilation of Indians into the white culture. Pressure for a reform in Indian policy was triggered by Helen Hunt Jackson's book, A Century of Dishonor (1881), which chronicled the unjust treatment American Indians had received at the hands of the federal government."
},
{
"docid": "D484737#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/13846213/history-test-chapter-5-flash-cards/\nHistory Test Chapter 5",
"text": "\"42 terms sydfor13History Test Chapter 5Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sortwhat powers did colonial governments have in the 18th century? the colonial governments had power to pass laws and create taxes. they also decided how the colony's tax money should be spent. they also elected their own assemblies. Which event of the French and indian war do you think was the most significant? why? 1) in 1755 the british sent 1400 british soldiers to virginia and the march there was a disaster. 2/3 of the soldiers were killed."
},
{
"docid": "D2054874#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/government-politics/dawes-act-designed-benefit-c0957c538bae2715\nWho Was the Dawes Act Designed to Benefit?",
"text": "\"Government & Politics Law Q: Who Was the Dawes Act Designed to Benefit? A: Quick Answer The Dawes Act was designed as an attempt to assimilate American Indians into the culture at large. At the same time it gave the government power over Indian tribal lands, dividing them individually and giving white settlers the right to claim lands that were previously Indian territory. Continue Reading Keep Learning What Was the Purpose of the Dawes Act? Why Did the Dawes Act Fail? What Is a Civil Case? Full Answer The Dawes Act was signed by President Grover Cleveland into law in 1887. Ultimately it would strip the American Indians of 86 million acres of land. The law stipulated that tribal lands would be redistributed according to the individual. Each male with a family would receive 160 acres of land, single adult men were given 80 acres and boys were allotted 40 acres."
},
{
"docid": "D4135#0",
"title": "http://www.citypages.com/music/dawes-minneapolis-is-our-number-one-city-6639347\nDawes: Minneapolis is our number one city",
"text": "\"Taylor Goldsmith's life revolves entirely around music. His band, Dawes, has been on a small tour of independent record stores around the country, playing in-stores as part of a promotion for their highly anticipated third album, Stories Don't End. On Friday, they step things up as the supporting act for Bob Dylan's spring tour, and then, this summer, they begin their official national tour for Stories. They stop at First Avenue July 9-10. ( Perhaps it's more accurate to say that Goldsmith's life -- and that of his bandmates -- revolves around the road.) Stories Don't End, available for streaming here, is unlike its predecessors. No one will be able to call it a \"\"Laurel Canyon sound\"\" album, though it still can fit Dawes, somewhat roughly, in their tried-and-true Americana category. Stories draws heavily on storyline lyricism, the thing that Dawes has always done well and something that now, with tunes like \"\"From A Window Seat,\"\" they are getting even better at. The 12-track album lives and breathes in sprawling guitars and easy melodies, with songs made for singing along to. See Also: Dawes to bless us with third album, Stories Don't End, in April Dawes at First Avenue, 11/4/11Dawes finds serious fan base in Minnesota [jump]Dawes - Stories Don't End - In The Studio (Just My Luck and From The Right Angle)Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available."
},
{
"docid": "D484734#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/7097337/us-history-chapter-5-flash-cards/\nU.S history chapter 5",
"text": "\"43 terms sun16shine U. S history chapter 5Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Why was the name \"\"The Boston Massacre\"\" given to the events of March 5, 1770, What was the intent of calling it that? It was to fire up the colonist and create a hate for the British. What was the effect of the Townshend Acts? Boycott of British goods Before 1760, what was the general feeling in the colonies? Happiness, respect for England What did the colonial assemblies do during this time? Passed laws What were the lands that were gained as a result of the French and Indian War? Who Gained them? Canada and Ohio River Valley, Great Britain What group of people benefited from the Proclamation of 1763?"
},
{
"docid": "D2701184#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20101118110139AAbuQPA\nWhat is a short summary of the dawes act?",
"text": "\"Arts & Humanities History What is a short summary of the dawes act?thanks Follow 7 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: The Dawes General Allotment Act was enacted by the U. S. Congress regarding the distribution of land to Native Americans in Oklahoma. It was signed into law February 8, 1887. Named after its sponsor, U. S. Senator Henry L. Dawes of Massachusetts, the act was amended in 1891 and again in 1906 by the Burke Act. The act remained in effect until 1934. The act provided for the division of tribally held lands into individually-owned parcels and opening \"\"surplus\"\" lands to settlement by non-Indians and development by railroads. [ 1] The Dawes Act, with its emphasis on individual land ownership, also had a negative impact on the unity, self-government, and culture of Native American tribes. [ 2] By dividing reservation lands into privately owned parcels, legislators hoped to complete the assimilation process by forcing the deterioration of the communal life-style of the Native societies and imposing Western-oriented values of strengthening the nuclear family and values of economic dependency strictly within this small household unit. [ 3] The land granted to most allottees was not sufficient for economic viability, and division of land between heirs upon the allottees' deaths resulted in land fractionalization. Most allotment land, which could be sold after a statutory period of 25 years, was eventually sold to non-Native buyers at bargain prices. Additionally, land deemed to be \"\"surplus\"\" beyond what was needed for allotment was opened to white settlers, though the profits from the sales of these lands were often invested in programs meant to aid the American Indians."
},
{
"docid": "D1024323#0",
"title": "http://batman.wikia.com/wiki/Two-Face_(Aaron_Eckhart)\nTwo-Face (Nolanverse)",
"text": "\"in: The Dark Knight Characters, The Dark Knight Villains, Dark Knight Trilogy novelization characters, and 2 more Two-Face (Nolanverse)View source Share Two-Face General Information Real name: Harvey Dent Aliases: White Knight Two-Face Alignment: Bad (formerly good)Affiliation: Harry Dent (Father) Lucy Dent (Mother) Rachel Dawes (Fiancée) Jim Gordon Batman Characteristics: Gender - Male Hair - Blonde (right side)/None (left side) Eyes - Blue Portrayed by: Aaron Eckhart Appearances: The Dark Knight The Dark Knight Rises (archive footage and picture only)\"\" The world is cruel. And the only morality in a cruel world is chance. Unbiased. Unprejudiced. Fair. \"\" ―Two-Face [src]Harvey Dent was the newly elected district attorney of Gotham City. He was supported by his girlfriend, Rachel Dawes, and was responsible for locking up many of the city's corrupt officials and mobsters. However, both he and Rachel were captured and put in warehouses full of oil drums, and though Dent was rescued by Batman, half of his face was disfigured in the explosion. Driven insane by a desire for revenge for Rachel's death, Dent pursued those he felt responsible, ultimately holding Commissioner Gordon 's family at gunpoint. During his confrontation with Batman, Batman rescued Gordon's child while Dent was pushed and fell to his death."
},
{
"docid": "D1486068#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_effect_did_the_Dawes_Act_have_on_the_Indians\nWhat effect did the Dawes Act have on the Indians?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Native American History What effect did the Dawes Act have on the Indians? Flag What effect did the Dawes Act have on the Indians? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. They were forced to leave their native land for desert-like reservations. They had to give up their standard of living and learn a new one. also the white settlers deceived them by giving them blankets infected with smallpox and other diseases. and so much more!3 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No What modern effects does the Dawes Act have on Indians? The Dawes Act was enacted on February 8, 1887 regarding the distribution of land to Native Americans in Oklahoma . Named after its sponsor, U. S. Senator Henry L. Dawes …Tangozee 8 Contributions Was the Dawes Act a well intentioned act or a disasterous act for Native Indians?"
},
{
"docid": "D639686#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_sovereignty\nTribal sovereignty in the United States",
"text": "\"Tribal sovereignty in the United States From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Indian sovereignty)navigation search Map of the contiguous United States with reservation lands excluded Tribal sovereignty in the United States is the concept of the inherent authority of indigenous tribes to govern themselves within the borders of the United States. The U. S. federal government recognizes tribal nations as \"\"domestic dependent nations\"\" and has established a number of laws attempting to clarify the relationship between the federal, state and tribal governments. Contents [ hide ]1 Native American sovereignty and the Constitution2 Early history2.1 The Marshall Trilogy, 1823–18322.2 Indian Appropriations Act of 18712.3 United States v. Kagama (1886)2.4 Empowerment of tribal courts, 18832.5 The General Allotment Act (Dawes Act), 18873 Twentieth-century developments3.1 Revenue and Indian Citizenship acts, 19243.2 Indian Reorganization Act, 19343.3 Public Law 280, 19534 Tribal governments today4.1 Tribal courts4.2 Nation to nation: tribes and the federal government4.3 Tribal state relations: sovereign within a sovereign5 List of cases6 See also7 Notes8 References9 External links Native American sovereignty and the Constitution [ edit]The United States Constitution mentions Native American tribes three times: Article I, Section 2, Clause 3 states that \"\"Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States ... excluding Indians not taxed.\"\" [ 1] According to Story's Commentaries on the U. S. Constitution, \"\"There were Indians, also, in several, and probably in most, of the states at that period, who were not treated as citizens, and yet, who did not form a part of independent communities or tribes, exercising general sovereignty and powers of government within the boundaries of the states. \"\" Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution states that \"\"Congress shall have the power to regulate Commerce with foreign nations and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes\"\", [2] determining that Indian tribes were separate from the federal government, the states, and foreign nations; [3] and The Fourteenth Amendment, Section 2 amends the apportionment of representatives in Article I, Section 2 above. [ 4]These basic provisions have been changed or clarified by various federal laws over the history of the United States. Regulate historically meant facilitate, rather than control or direct in the more modern sense. Therefore, the Congress of these United States was to be the facilitator of commerce between the states and the tribes. [ 5]These Constitutional provisions, and subsequent interpretations by the Supreme Court (see below), are today often summarized in three principles of U. S. Indian law: [6] [7] [8]Territorial sovereignty: Tribal authority on Indian land is organic and is not granted by the states in which Indian lands are located. Plenary power doctrine: Congress, and not the Executive Branch, has ultimate authority with regard to matters affecting the Indian tribes."
},
{
"docid": "D709550#0",
"title": "http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/gettysburg/articles/6thwisconsin.aspx\n.",
"text": "\"The Gettysburg Adventure 2001 The 6th Wisconsin at Gettysburg by Joel Busenitz (aka Gen. Longstreet) Chief Historian, Gettysburg Adventure Committee Copyright 2001 by Joel Busenitz6th Wisconsin at Gettysburg The 6th Wisconsin mustered into the United States Army in the early months of 1861. Most companies were gathered in sometime between April and June. These men came from all parts of southern Wisconsin. Some companies were from Fon du Lac area, Captain Rufus Dawes’ (commander of the 6th at Gettysburg) company arrived from Mauston, with two companies comprised of Italians and Germans from Milwaukee. After mustering, they were shipped off to Washington D. C. and drilled day after day for about a year. Their first action came two days before the Second Battle of Bull Run in August of 1862 in the Brawner farm fields near Gainsville, Virginia. Here they ran into portions of Stonewall Jackson's corps. Despite being greatly outnumbered, they were able to hold off Stonewall and his men for a few hours until darkness ended the contest. This is where the Iron Brigade first began to earn its reputation. Captured Confederates would refer to them as the “Black Hat Devils of the Army of the Potomac.”"
},
{
"docid": "D3047516#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_effective_was_the_Dawes_Act_in_promoting_assimilation_of_Native_americans_into_white_cultures\nHow effective was the Dawes Act in promoting assimilation of Native Americans into white cultures?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Native American History How effective was the Dawes Act in promoting assimilation of Native Americans into white cultures? Flag How effective was the Dawes Act in promoting assimilation of Native Americans into white cultures? Edit Answer by Blackwolfspirit Confidence votes 3.7KNot effective at all. There were many problems with the Dawes Act (1887). Land that was given to individuals tended to be inhospitable and not conducive to farming. ( remember it was reservation land -- land the whites didn't want). Farming was such a foreign way of life to some tribes that they would not do it. Others who wanted to farm could not afford the seeds or equipment to make a go of it. Furthermore, there were issues with how the land would be passed on to decendants. Children inherited the lands who had already been sent off to boarding schools."
},
{
"docid": "D2372303#0",
"title": "http://www.startribune.com/dawes-this-year-s-little-band-that-could/106700593/\nDawes: This year's little band that could",
"text": "\"Music 106700593Dawes: This year's little band that could In town for its fourth local show of the year, the L. A. quintet is feeling the love. By Chris Riemenschneider Star Tribune November 4, 2010 — 6:55pm Leslie Plesser, Star Tribune Taylor Goldsmith of Dawes perform at First Avenue in June 2010. Text sizeemail Printmore Of all the things that Taylor Goldsmith learned from spending the year on the road, the most surprising lesson might be how the music business really hasn't changed as dramatically as people think. At least for some bands. \"\" Considering all the talk of the Internet and being in the information age, it's been kind of eye-opening the way our audiences still vary from city to city,\"\" said Goldsmith, frontman for Los Angeles' sweetest little buzz band, Dawes. \"\" You would think the Internet would do more for a band than word-of-mouth or radio, but it really doesn't. Those things still matter the most. \"\" Case in point: The Twin Cities, which Goldsmith said is \"\"easily our best market. \"\" An old-fashioned band in more ways than one -- its folky harmonies and soulful Southern-flavored rock are oft-compared to CSN&Y and the Band -- Dawes built its devoted Minnesota following in a purely traditional fashion. Since an opening slot at the Triple Rock in February, the Los Angeles quintet has played to an ever-expanding audience that goes away with ever-broader smiles each time the band leaves the stage."
},
{
"docid": "D2255010#0",
"title": "http://www.paul-revere-heritage.com/frequently-asked-questions.html\nFrequently Asked Questions about Paul Revere",
"text": "\"Frequently Asked Questions about Paul Revere On what night of the week did Paul Revere make his ride? Paul Revere’s started his historic midnight ride to Lexington at 10pm on Tuesday, April 18, 1775 and arrived to Lexington shortly after midnight on Wednesday, April 19, 1775. It is important to note that Revere also made a trip to Concord just two days before on April 16 to warn residents that British troops are preparing to seize the patriots’ munitions. The ride occurred 23 years after New England colonies switched to the New Style (Gregorian) calendar and there is no ambiguity about the exact date of the ride. The day of the week can be easily confirmed using an online calendar or converter. The battle of Lexington and Concord that symbolized the start of the American Revolution started on April 19, 1775. When was Paul Revere born? The exact date when Revere was born remains a small historical mystery because there is no document or credible account to confirm the specific date. After having done some research on this subject we believe that Paul revere was probably born on December 21, 1734 (Old Style) / January 1, 1735 (New Style). Additionally the date of Revere’s baptism was December 22, 1734 (O. S.) / January 2, 1735 (N. S.) as documented in the Church records."
},
{
"docid": "D2381621#0",
"title": "http://www.american-historama.org/1881-1913-maturation-era/dawes-severalty-act.htm\nDawes Act",
"text": "\"Definition and Summary of the Dawes Act Summary and Definition: The Dawes Act, also referred to as the General Allotment Act or the 1887 Dawes Severalty Act of 1887, was a federal law that was approved on February, 8, 1887. The Dawes Severalty Act was passed to protect the property rights of Native American Indians but the provisions of the law was organized in such a way that tribe members would be assimilated and integrated into American society and culture. Dawes Act for kids Grover Cleveland was the 22nd and 24th American President who served in office from March 4, 1885 to March 4, 1889 and from March 4, 1893 - March 4,1897. One of the important events during his presidency was the passing of the Dawes Act.1881-1913: Maturation Era US American History Indian Territory Map1887 Dawes Act The 1887 Dawes Act was entitled an \"\"Act to Provide for the Allotment of Lands in Severalty to Indians on the Various Reservations\"\".1887 Dawes Act: Severalty The word \"\"severalty\"\" meant that the ownership of land in reservations would no longer be tribal or common, but would belong to an individual.1887 Dawes Act Purpose The purpose of the Dawes Act was ostensibly enacted to protect Native American property rights and welfare during the land rush that was anticipated when lands in Indian Territory were opened for white settlement (1889 Oklahoma Land Rush). However, the purpose of the Dawes Severalty Act was also an attempt to integrate Native American Indians into white society by changing their nomadic lifestyle to the static, settled western lifestyle of farmers and settlers.1887 Dawes Act for kids: Background History The Indian Policy of the United States government centered on the policy of allotment by which communally held Native Indian tribal lands were divided into individually owned private property. Native Indian lands were seized for settlement by non-Indians and for development by railroads. The 1830 Indian Removal Act had given the federal government the power to force the relocation of Native Indians, living in the east of the country, to territory that was west of the Mississippi River, referred to as Indian Territory, which had resulted in the horrific re-location of the Five Civilized tribes along the infamous Trail of Tears. Congress had created a massive Indian Territory, from Texas to the middle of the Missouri River as can be seen on the above Indian Territory map and about 90,000 Native American Indians had been forcibly relocated and obliged to merge with other tribes. Purpose of the Dawes Act for kids: Henry L. Dawes The Dawes Act was sponsored by lawyer and U. S. Senator Henry L. Dawes of Massachusetts and was passed on February 8, 1887. Henry Dawes also believed that the ownership of land played an important part in persuading people to accept the laws of the federal government."
},
{
"docid": "D1909364#0",
"title": "http://literatureworms.blogspot.com/2012/07/sons-and-lovers-by-d-h-lawrence.html\nSons and Lovers by D. H. Lawrence",
"text": "Sons and Lovers by D. H. Lawrence Sons and Lovers by D. H. Lawrence Table of Contents 1. Sons and Lovers: Introduction 2. Sons and Lovers: D. H. Lawrence Biography 3. Sons and Lovers: Summary 4. Sons and Lovers: Characters 5. Sons and Lovers: Themes 6. Sons and Lovers: Style 7. Sons and Lovers: Historical Context 8. Sons and Lovers: Critical Overview Sons and Lovers: Essays and Criticism ¨ Lawrence's novel as a Bildungsroman ¨ What Makes Sons and Lovers a Successful Novel ¨ The Literary Aspects of Sons and Lovers 9. 10."
},
{
"docid": "D2573535#0",
"title": "http://www.softschools.com/facts/us_history/dawes_act_facts/780/\nDawes Act Facts",
"text": "\"Home > Facts > History Facts > Dawes Act Facts Dawes Act Facts Dawes Act Facts The Dawes Act was named after its creator Senator Henry Dawes, from Massachusetts. The act was adopted by Congress in 1887 and is also known as the General Allotment Act and the Dawes Severalty Act. The Dawes Act was meant to allow the government to divide Indian tribal land into lots for Indians. Meant to incorporate Native Americans into mainstream society, U. S. citizenship was to be granted to any Native American who chose to live separately from their tribe. Land remaining after the land was granted to Native Americans was to be sold on the open market. The Indian reservation system was nearly destroyed by the Dawes Act. Interesting Dawes Act Facts: Each Native American family head was given 320 acres of grazing land or 160 acres of farmland. If they were single or an orphan older than 18 then they were given 80 acres. Singles under 18 were given 40 acres of land. Prior to the Dawes Act, 150 million acres belonged to Native Americans."
},
{
"docid": "D403955#0",
"title": "http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/cleveland-signs-devastating-dawes-act-into-law\nCleveland signs devastating Dawes Act into law",
"text": "Presidential1887Cleveland signs devastating Dawes Act into law Share this:facebook twitter google+Print Cite On this day in 1887, President Grover Cleveland signs the Dawes Severalty Act into law. The act split up reservations held communally by Native American tribes into smaller units and distributed these units to individuals within the tribe. Also called the General Allotment Act, the law changed the legal status of Native Americans from tribal members to individuals subject to federal laws and dissolved many tribal affiliations The Dawes Severalty/General Allotment Act constituted a huge blow to tribal sovereignty. Cleveland’s goal was to encourage Native Americans to integrate into American agrarian culture. Cleveland, who once said though the people support the government; the government should not support the people, led a socially reformist yet financially conservative government that did not believe in welfare handouts. He signed the act in a sincere but misguided attempt to improve the Native Americans’ lives by incorporating them into white culture, rejecting earlier policies toward Native Americans that forced them to live on desolate reservations where it was difficult to make a living. However, his support of the Dawes Severalty Act actually did more damage than good. Under the Dawes Act, the head of each Native American family received 160 acres in an effort to encourage Native Americans to take up farming, live in smaller family units that were considered more American and renounce tribal loyalties. The government held such lands in trust for 25 years, until the recipients could prove themselves self-sufficient farmers. Before the family could sell their allotment, they were required to get a certificate of competency."
},
{
"docid": "D2734974#0",
"title": "https://prezi.com/zohmkrgqwuub/the-dawes-act-of-1887/\nThe Dawes Act of 1887",
"text": "\"Public & reusable Create your own Make a copy Share Embed Like The Dawes Act of 1887No descriptionby Aswini Mon 12 September 20141 Tweet Comments ( 0)Please log in to add your comment. Report abuse Transcript of The Dawes Act of 1887The Dawes Act of 1887 Who Created the Act? The Dawes Act of 1887 was created by President Grover Cleveland on February 8, 1887. The Act was named after the Republican Senator Henry Dawes, who was the Act's chief sponsor. The Act was passed by Congress and enforced by the entire U. S government. What Did the Act Claim to Do? The Dawes Act separated the Indians' lands and made them all live on their own instead of together as tribes. Families received 160-acre plots of land while single adults received 80-acre plots of land. The Dawes Act also promised American citizenship to every single Indian living on the reservations. The Native Americans were given very little land."
},
{
"docid": "D1431435#0",
"title": "http://www.ushistory.org/us/40d.asp\n40d. Life on the Reservations",
"text": "\"40d. Life on the Reservations National Archives Geronimo (on the right) and his son waiting for a train that transported them and other Apache prisoners to Florida, in 1886. After being forced off their native lands, many American Indians found life to be most difficult. Beginning in the first half of the 19th century, federal policy dictated that certain tribes be confined to fixed land plots to continue their traditional ways of life. The problems with this approach were manifold. Besides the moral issue of depriving a people of life on their historic land, many economic issues plagued the reservation. Nomadic tribes lost their entire means of subsistence by being constricted to a defined area. Farmers found themselves with land unsuitable for agriculture. Many lacked the know-how to implement complex irrigation systems. Hostile tribes were often forced into the same proximity."
},
{
"docid": "D2019107#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100223193348AAUlz7c\nWhat was the Dawes PLAN?",
"text": "\"Arts & Humanities History What was the Dawes PLAN?what exactly the dawes plan? i know it has to do with WWI reparation and german but what is the exact defenition?1 following Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: The Dawes Plan (as proposed by the Dawes Committee, chaired by Charles G. Dawes) was an attempt following World War I for the Triple Entente to collect war reparations debt from Germany. When after five years the plan proved to be unsuccessful, the Young Plan was adopted in 1929 to replace it. In an agreement of August 1924, the main points of The Dawes Plan were: 1. The Ruhr area was to be evacuated by Allied occupation troops. 2. Reparation payments would begin at “one billion marks the first year, increasing to two and a half billion marks annually after five years\"\" (Merrill 93) 3. The Reichsbank would be reorganized under Allied supervision. 4. The sources for the reparation money would include transportation, excise, and custom taxes."
}
] |
619980
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what did the decided to do with the continent of africa in the berlin conference
|
[
{
"docid": "D2309549#0",
"title": "http://africafederation.net/Berlin_1885.htm\n.",
"text": "\"African Nations and Territory Identity The dismantlement of African Land and Nations and the artificial construction of the 1872 Colonial Africa c. -1960 c. Henri Brunschwig analysed the decisions of the Conference of Berlin, and points out not to have had in Berlin the effective allotment of that as much is said, the truth is that the European national and intercontinental ideologies had finished to instrument the relation between borders of European dominance at the Conference of Berlin. This operation represents a particular character in has much not to have had in Berlin the presence of any African individual or state. The Conference of Berlin was a test of the European will of hegemony, the Conference contributed, exactly if indirectly, for the setting of these borders, that the deceased OUA (Organization of African Unity) became unquestionable and destined to the perpetual duration!The colonial conquest, generally studied in its practical military, who strengthen the domination of the men, forgets the crucial element the construction of the colonial building: the metamorphosis of the \"\"land\"\" - and the territories - African, substituted for the colonial territory, managed for the colonial administration and the colonists. Or either, it looks for to changed itself African land (that it integrates, does not forget it, the religious or sacred space), in simple European territory, what it banishes the African religious forces, indispensable operation to the laicism of the land and that it precedes and authorizes its commercialisation. It can say that we find here the support basic that separates the Africans of the Europeans: for the Africans the land has no value of exchange, therefore it does not belong to the group if not thanks to the mediation of the spirits; for the Europeans the land alone acquires its true sensible advertising from the moment where it can be appropriate for a person whom, for this it saw, can consider it in the market. The value of social and symbolic use opposes in this case in violent way to the value of exchange. The colonial effort goes in the direction to make to coincide territory and maps, in way it to be able to impose tasks, between which they count to the expulsion or the displacement of the native populations. That becomes obvious that we cannot leave of in interrogating them regarding the conditions of cohabitation, forcibly conflict, between the African and the European systems in Africa in the first phase of the French, Portuguese and Belgium colonial domination, where the colonized necessarily intends to construct its territory - i.e. : Congo Brazzaville, Congo Kinshasa, Angola - and to create a new identity (integrator of the colonist) that they allow the concretion it of its colonial projects. Military campaigns Wars of pacification, operations of effective occupation constitute certainly a formula panoply that reflected flowing important of the colonial politics in the ends of XIX century and in the first quarter of XX century, but if to widen our reflection we give ourselves count that the dismantlement of the African Nations and Traditional territorial structures, its symbolic markers and its social uses, is the structure element of the colonial strategies destined to create the colonial territory in Africa. African Spirituality The creation myths repeat times without account the intervention of one thaumaturgue in charge \"\"creating the land\"\"; the founding hero of the nation requests to the deities - to the spirits - local authorization to install its group and to organize its territory there."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1103756#0",
"title": "http://cdaworldhistory.wikidot.com/imperialism-case-study:nigeria\nA British colony in Nigeria",
"text": "\"A New Period of Imperialism The imperialism of the 18th and 19th centuries was conducted differently from the explorations of the 15th and 16th centuries. In the earlier period, imperial powers often did not penetrate far into the conquered areas in Asia and Africa. Nor did they always have a substantial influence on the lives of the people. Each European nation had certain policies and goals for establishing colonies. To establish control of an area, Europeans used different techniques. European rulers also developed methods of day-to-day management of a colony. Two basic methods emerged. Britain and other nations preferred indirect control. -Kenny R. Gomez A British colony in Nigeria Britain’s rule in Nigeria shows the ways European Imperialist used to gain control over an area and it also shows the ways they used to manage and continue to control economic and political life in that area. The British got control over Nigeria in both the hard way and the good way."
},
{
"docid": "D3131961#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decolonization_of_Africa\nDecolonisation of Africa",
"text": "\"Decolonisation of Africa From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Decolonization of Africa)navigation search Dates of independence of African countries The decolonisation of Africa followed World War II, when colonised people agitated for independence and colonial powers withdrew their administrators from Africa. [ 1]Contents [ hide ]1 Background2 Causes2.1 External causes2.2 Internal causes3 Economic legacy3.1 Effects of debt4 Social legacy4.1 Language4.2 Land5 Difficulties in transition6 Timeline7 See also8 Notes9 References10 External links Background [ edit]Areas of Africa controlled by European colonial powers in 1913, shown along with current national boundaries Belgian Italian British Portuguese French Spanish German Independent The \"\" Scramble for Africa \"\" between 1870 and 1900 ended with almost all of Africa being controlled by European states. Racing to secure as much land as possible, but wanting to avoid conflict amongst themselves, without regard to local differences leaders divided up the continent, formalising it in the Berlin Agreement in 1885. [ 2] [3] By 1905, control of almost all African soil was claimed by Western European governments, with the only exceptions being Liberia (which had been settled by African-American former slaves) and Ethiopia (which had successfully resisted colonisation by Italy). [ 4] Britain and France had the largest holdings, but Germany, Spain, Italy, Belgium, and Portugal also had colonies. As a result of colonialism and imperialism, a majority of Africa lost sovereignty and control of natural resources such as gold and rubber. The introduction of imperial policies surfacing around local economies led to the failing of local economies due to an exploitation of resources and cheap labor. [ 5] Progress towards independence was slow up until the mid-20th century. By 1977, 54 African countries had seceded from European colonial rulers. [ 6]Causes [ edit]External causes [ edit]During WWI and WWII, African soldiers were conscripted into imperial militaries. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1710450#0",
"title": "https://njisworld.wordpress.com/mr-duells-articles/the-dark-continent-european-colonization-in-africa/\nNJIS and the World",
"text": "The Dark Continent: European Colonization in Africa The Dark Continent: European Colonization in Africa Africa was deemed “The Dark Continent” (most likely used in print for the first time by US journalist and explorer Henry Stanley – of “Dr. Livingstone I presume?” fame – in his Africa account “Through the Dark Continent”) due to the fact that it remained a mystery to Europeans for so long. While most of the world had been under European control for quite some time Africa held out until the final decades of the 19th century, when it was carved up and parceled out to the main European powers in the Berlin Conference. But even after Africa had been divvied up, in reality the majority of the continent remained largely unexplored. It was not exploited until later when various factors collided enabling Europeans to begin a systematic exploitation of Africa’s vast resources. The fact that Africa was last to be colonized also meant that it was the last to gain independence as European imperialists wanted to hang on to their African colonies long enough to get a return on the investments they had put into their various economic ventures. Most of the countries in Africa have undergone decolonization in the latter half of the 20th century. This explains in part why there are so many conflicts going on in Africa today. It is not an easy task to form an independent nation. Every country has a difficult time in its formative years."
},
{
"docid": "D471302#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081018174624AAwqZ2D\nWho was Alfred Wegener and what was his theory?",
"text": "\"Science & Mathematics Earth Sciences & Geology Who was Alfred Wegener and what was his theory?can someone give me a link to find things all about pangaea and alfred wegener?? Update: also i was wondering what kind of information did he use to support this,what is the main mineral the continental and oceanic plates are made of and what causes the plates to move?1 following 10 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Alfred Lothar Wegener (November 1, 1880 – November 2 or 3, 1930) was a German scientist, geologist and meteorologist. He was born in Berlin. He is most notable for his theory of continental drift (Kontinentalverschiebung), proposed in 1915, which hypothesized that the continents were slowly drifting around the Earth. However, at the time he was unable to demonstrate a mechanism for this movement; this combined with a lack of solid evidence meant that his hypothesis was not accepted until the 1950s, when numerous discoveries provided evidence of continental drift. Browsing the library at the University of Marburg, where he was teaching in 1911, Wegener was struck by the occurrence of identical fossils in geological strata that are now separated by oceans. The accepted explanations or theories at the time posited land bridges to explain the fossil anomalies; animals and plants could have migrated between fixed separate continents by crossing the land bridges. But Wegener was increasingly convinced that the continents themselves had shifted away from a primal single massive supercontinent, which drifted apart about 180 million years ago, to judge from the fossil evidence. [ 2] Wegener used land features, fossils, and climate as evidence to support his hypothesis of continental drift. Examples of land features such as mountain ranges in Africa and South America lined up; also coal fields on Europe matched up with coal fields in North America."
},
{
"docid": "D3012926#0",
"title": "http://courses.wcupa.edu/jones/his312/lectures/ber-cong.htm\nThe Congress of Berlin (1884-1885)",
"text": "\"The Congress of Berlin (1884-1885)by Jim Jones (Copyright 2015, All Rights Reserved)Go to the syllabus or the reading on Europe & Africa in the 19th Century Contents Introduction The Congo Dispute Bismarck's Role Results Read the complete text of the General Act of the 1885 Congress of Berlin ]INTRODUCTIONThe Congress of Berlin was not the start of the \"\"Scramble for Africa,\"\" but it laid down the rules that governed the European conquest of Africa for the next fifteen years. It was unusual because international conferences were usually held to sort out the aftermath of a war, but almost never to settle problems before they led to war. But all of the major powers had reasons to attend, especially France, Britain and the new powerhouse, Germany. Although there were many issues at stake, the most important one was the future of the Congo River basin. THE CONGO DISPUTEThe main dispute among Europeans was over navigation and commercial rights in the Congo River basin. The first Europeans to claim the area were the Portuguese who explored the mouth of the river in the 15th century. Although ocean-going ships could sail inland for about 120 miles along the Lower Congo River, a series of gorges and waterfalls blocked the way to the Upper Congo River, which was navigable for hundreds of miles. The Portuguese claims went unchallenged for several centuries until French naval officer Pierre-Paul-François de Brazza-Savorgnan (known simply as Savorgnan de Brazza) began to explore the area. From 1875-1878, he followed the Ogoué River (located north of the Congo) upstream in search of an alternate route to the Upper Congo River that avoided Portuguese territory. Although he failed on his first attempts, he tried again in 1879-1882 and succeeded in reaching the Congo River by following the Ogoué River and proceeding overland to the Lefini River, a tributary of the Congo."
},
{
"docid": "D1801726#0",
"title": "http://www.studymode.com/subjects/what-was-the-driving-force-behind-europe-imperialism-in-africa-page1.html\n\"\"\"What Was The Driving Force Behind Europe Imperialism In Africa\"\" Essays and Research Papers\"",
"text": "\"What Was The Driving Force Behind Europe Imperialism In Africa Explain what is meant by the term imperialism . Discuss the causes of imperialism in the 1800s. Kamar Findlay ID# 092165839 Mico University College Imperialism in Africa Mrs. Pitter October 29, 2011 Imperialism is \"\"the creation and or maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural, and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination\"\" (Johnston, 2000.p.375). In its simplest form Farah and Karls (2001) describes imperialism... Africa, British Empire, Colonialism 2170 Words | 6 Pages Open Document Imperialism in Africa Imperialism in Africa Imperialism is defined as one country's domination of the political, economic, and social life of another country. In Africa in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, imperialism was present and growing. The main countries involved in the imperialism in Africa were the French, German, and Great Britain. The French's empire was mainly in North and West Africa while Britain's colonies were scattered throughout the continent. Germany ruled over such countries as Tanganyika, Togoland... Africa, African people, Atlantic slave trade 969 Words | 3 Pages Open Documentimperialism What is imperialism? Why was its history so diverse? Explain by comparing different colonial settings."
},
{
"docid": "D332545#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/10038112/africa-flash-cards/\nAfrica",
"text": "\"49 terms sesas345Africa Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sortstudy map of africa with prime meridian equator etc ...how many hemispheres is africa in? 4what fraction of the earth's land surface is africa? 1/5what is the distance of africa north to south? 5000 mileswhat is the distance of africa east to west 4,600 miles What fraction of the worlds population does africa comprise and why? 1/10; sahara desert- difficult to live in, size of u.s., dry; lots of africa is close to the equator in the tropics which is hard to live in because of storms and diseaseswhat are the two major regions of africa? north africa (saharan africa) and sub saharan africanile river longest river in the world but not the largest river in the world; in egypt; 90% of egyptians live within sight of it; flows north; fed by white and blue nile rivers; empties into the medditeranean; very vital part of life and land: used for agriculture (sustained large pop), worshiped nile in ancient times, depended on cycle of flooding to bring silt which was very fertile soil that brought food, social events revolve around the nile to this day, the first hieroglyphics were created just to keep track of the nilelake victoria the world's second largest freshwater lakewhat are the six ways that the physical geography is unique? no major mountain ranges; rift valley; elongated lakes; erratic river courses; plateau; major desertsno major mountain ranges africa has no major mountain ranges, only minor mountain ranges; mt kilaminjaro is the tallest mountain in africa at 19340 feet but it is actually a volcanoe Great Rift Valley a result of East Africa breaking away from the rest of africa; rift valleys are deep, steep sided valleys created by divergent plates; landform created by continental plates being pulled apart over millions of years and then sinking into long, thin valleys Elongated Lakes how africa's lakes are unique; very skinny long shape naturally; due to water filling rift valleyserratic river courses africas rivers change direction a lot because of Africa's relatively flat surface and Africa's lack of mountain rangesplateau Africa is known as the plateau continent because Africa has lots of plateaus and africa itself was formed by a plateau (raised flat land)with only the coasts not being like this, the coast lines are mostly escarpments."
},
{
"docid": "D648681#0",
"title": "https://www.scribd.com/doc/16574808/Causes-of-Conflicts-in-21st-Century-Africa\nTable of Content",
"text": "Table of Content1. INRODUCTION: .................................................................................................................. ................2 2. LIST OF AFRICAN COUNTRIES.................................................................................... ..................2 3. AFRICA AND CONFLICTS............................................................................................... ..................3 3.1 BACKGROUND STATISTICS:..................................................................................................................3 4. DISPUTE VS CONFLICT............................................................................................................. 5 ........ 5. WHAT IS CONFLICT?.................................................................................................... ..................... 5 6. TYPES OF CONFLICTS............................................................................................................... 6 ........ 6.1 DYSFUNCTIONAL CONFLICT:................................................................................................................6 6.2 FUNCTIONAL/CREATIVE CONFLICT:......................................................................................................7 6.3 ARMED CONFLICT:.............................................................................................................................7 7. ALTERNATIVES TO CONFLICTS........................................................................................ ............7 8. CAUSES OF CONFLICTS IN AFRICA................................................................................ .............7 8.1 POVERTY:.........................................................................................................................................8 8.2 THE LEGACY OF COLONIALISM:...........................................................................................................8 8.3 FORMALISATION OF EXPANSIONISM:.....................................................................................................9 8.4 RESOURCE CONTROL AND COMPETITION: ...........................................................................................10 8.5 ETHNICITY:.....................................................................................................................................10 8.6 EXTERNAL MILITARY AID:................................................................................................................10 8.7 BASE OF THE WAR:.........................................................................................................................10 8.8 ECONOMIC REFORM PROGRAMS:........................................................................................................11 8.9 DYSFUNCTIONAL STATE:...................................................................................................................11 8.10 COMPETITION FOR THE STATE POWER:................................................................................................11 8.11 DEVELOPMENT:.............................................................................................................................12 8.12 PROBLEM OF POLITICAL LIBERALISATION:.........................................................................................12 8.13 MILITARISATION:...........................................................................................................................12 9."
},
{
"docid": "D1907127#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/40832477/the-age-of-imperialism-flash-cards/\nThe Age of Imperialism",
"text": "\"20 terms Latinmandarin603The Age of Imperialism Global Perspectives Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Define the term Scramble for Africa The \"\"Carving Up\"\" of Africa by Europeans in preparation for colonialism Why was Great Britain considered to be the most powerful nation in the world during the mid-1800s? The Industrial Revolution brought rapid advances in transportation and communications. Britain built a network of roads, bridges, and canals to connect all parts of the world. By the mid-1800s, steam-powered railroads and ships were providing improved, faster transportation around the world. At the same time, inventions such as the telegraph revolutionized communications. What factors prevented sub-Saharan Africa from being colonized prior to the 19th century? Europeans had contact with sub-Saharan peoples, but large African armies kept Europeans out of Africa for 400 years. In addition, European travel was hindered by difficult rivers and African diseases like malaria."
},
{
"docid": "D2119129#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/history/did-europe-colonize-africa-140fb13ad136377f\nWhy Did Europe Colonize Africa?",
"text": "\"History Modern History Modern Europe Q: Why Did Europe Colonize Africa? A: Quick Answer The primary reason for European colonization of Africa was capitalism. European nations saw opportunity for new trade routes and potential wealth in some of Africa's natural resources. The geographical limitations of Europe were also a factor. Continue Reading Keep Learning What Were the Outcomes of the Berlin Conference in 1884 and 1885? How Did European Colonialism Affect Africa's Culture? What Did King Leopold II Do During the Colonization of Africa? Full Answer By the latter half of the 19th century, all of Europe was occupied. There was no room left for European nations to expand. Around the same time, an interest in the exploration of Africa began to take root among wealthy British men."
},
{
"docid": "D2021089#0",
"title": "https://www.grin.com/document/307404\nThe Partition of Africa and its Effects on the Continent",
"text": "Homepage > Catalog > History > Africa Read the ebook The Partition of Africa and its Effects on the Continent Essay, 2015 5 Pages History - Africa PDF version for only US$ 0.99Download immediately. Incl. VATFormat: PDF – for PC, Kindle, tablet, mobile Add to cart Add comment Free online reading INTRODUCTIONAfrica has long since been encountered by the presence of Europeans and their activities on the continent. Before the nineteenth century, European activities in Africa were restricted along the coast. Trade in slaves and other commodities with the interior states of Africa was conducted through local middlemen. Upon the abolition of the slave trade, legitimate trade was seen as the perfect substitute and the Europeans there scrambled and partitioned Africa for political, social and economic reasons. This also had economic, political and social consequences on the continent. This essay is a re-contextualization of the essence of the partition of Africa and it’s ramification on the continent. It will first deal with the factors that motivated the scramble for territories in Africa by the Europeans and later look at the effects on the continent. The scramble for territories in Africa and the partition of the continent among the various European powers of late nineteenth century was triggered off mainly by the activities of one individual: King Leopold II of Belgium in the Congo Basin."
},
{
"docid": "D3487203#0",
"title": "http://mrcripesclassroom.weebly.com/ap-human-geography-blog/frq-boundaries\n.",
"text": "FRQ: Boundaries5/11/201271 Comments FRQ 2 Boundaries have evolved over time in numerous ways around the world. A) Define and give an example for the following types of boundaries: subsequent, antecedent, and relict. B) Using one specific example for both Africa and Southwest Asia (total of two), describe in detail how superimposed boundaries have contributed to political unrest and confrontation. FRQ 2 Scoring guideline/rubric - 16 points. A) 6 points - 1 point for a correct definition, 1 point for a correct example71 Comments Troy 5/11/2012 12:03:08 pm A. A Subsequent boundary is one that has been put in place after a border had already been established. A grand example of such a boundary would be post-WWII era Berlin, which had a wall placed between West and South Berlin. An Antecedent boundary, on the other hand, is a boundary set up before there ever was a boundary in place. When looking at the United States, we could say that the states are antecedent boundaries, if we were to neglect the prior inheritance of the Native Americans. A Relict boundary is one such boundary that is no longer in use today. The first example that ever comes to mind, would be the Great Wall of China."
},
{
"docid": "D667589#0",
"title": "http://www.experience-africa.de/index.php?en_the-african-diaspora\nThe ICD âExperience Africaâ Program",
"text": "\"The ICD “Experience Africa” Program The African Diaspora Introduction to the African Diaspora across the World Introduction“When once were dispersions, there now is Diaspora” [i]. As illustrated by this quote, the notion of Diaspora underlines the specificity of some migration phenomenon, thereby contributing to make sense out of certain transnational movements. Etymologically, the word diaspora, meaning dispersal, stems from the Greek sporo (seed), and speira (to spree). Originally, it was used in the Antique tradition to refer to the “dispersion of Hellenic establishments around the Mediterranean Sea” [ii]. Later on, in the biblical tradition, it was used to discuss the dispersal of the Jewish People. Since the 1980s-90s, Diasporas have become the focus of numerous academic research and publications in the field of social sciences, gradually referring to more and more different communities around the world. Today, Diasporas can be defined as “national migrant communities living in interaction among themselves and with their country of origin” [iii]. The notion of diaspora must be distinguished with other phenomenon of migration, as the importance of the ties between members of the Diasporas and their country of origin is prevalent. The nature of these ties is diverse: they can be political, economic, cultural as well as social and academic. Often, Diasporas are also linked to a “founding myth” related to their place of origin and to the conditions under which they were forced or urged to leave their motherland. As a matter of fact, according to Dominique Schnapper [iv], many Diasporas are built on a major event, often dramatic, which ties a community together, despite its geographical dispersion. This is, for example, the case for the Jewish Diaspora, which appeared after the destruction of the Temple and the annexation of Judea by Romans. As of today, the African Diaspora is one of the most important in the world in terms of numbers."
},
{
"docid": "D3314103#0",
"title": "https://www.jiskha.com/search/index.cgi?query=What+role+does+water+play+in+erosion%2C+weathering+or+deposition%3F&page=2\nWhat role does water play in erosion, weathering or deposition?",
"text": "\"What role does water play in erosion, weathering or deposition?32,939 results, page 2MATH110 MEMBER OF CLUB PLAY 1 GAME FO BA AND VO 20 PLAY FO AND BA 15 PLAY FO AND VO 26 PLAY BA AND VO x PLAY ALL 2x PLAY EACscience What role do condensation nuclei play in condensation? ( cloud flormation) I did some research and found that the condensation nuclei attract water and produce condensation so would that mean my answer would be something like 'that the condensation nuclei help to form the ...science Florida was once part of Gondwana, which was a supercontinent that later divided into Africa and South America. Which statement best describes this process? Africa and South America go through cycles of dividing and colliding. The continents have been moving throughout Earth's... Geography In what ways are water and wind erosion different?science The processes of weathering that occurs when rocks and minerals react chemically with water and atomspheric gases is_______. Ms. Sue August or Anonymous All 3 of you I see usually answer a lot of questions. Can you help me with some of these? 1. Erosion is a slow process that causes change to Earth's surface. All of the following are sources of erosion except A.wind B.earthquakes C.glaciers D.ocean waves In which of these ways...science Which one of the following is a source of chemical weathering? A. The abrasion of running water B. Water freezing in the cracks of exposed rocks C. The effects of acid from decaying animals D. The growth of mosses in the cracks of rocks i think its b or c i am not sure Sciencewhich term best describes the role carbon plays in the structure of compounds present in living things?"
},
{
"docid": "D2520403#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/39676156/chapter-24-notes-flash-cards/\nChapter 24 Notes",
"text": "\"60 terms divya_moudgil Chapter 24 Notes Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort1. Which phrase best describes the term sphere of influence? an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges EXPLANATION: A sphere of influence is an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges. It was a form of Western imperial control. How did humanitarianism play a part in the building of overseas empires? Westerners argued that European races were superior to others and imperial domination was nature's way of improving the species. EXPLANATION: Social Darwinism gave many a reason to believe in racial superiority, and imperialists applied Darwin's ideas about natural selection and survival of the fittest to human societies and the practice of colonizing other nations. How was Social Darwinism used as a reason for imperialist expansion? Westerners argued that European races were superior to others and imperial domination was nature's way of improving the species. EXPLANATION: Social Darwinism gave many a reason to believe in racial superiority, and imperialists applied Darwin's ideas about natural selection and survival of the fittest to human societies and the practice of colonizing other nations."
},
{
"docid": "D2528723#0",
"title": "http://www.moreorless.net.au/killers/leopold.html\nKing Léopold II",
"text": "\"King Léopold IIBackground The Portuguese navigator Diogo Cao reaches the Congo River in 1483. Commerce between the coastal Kongo Kingdom and Portugal quickly develops, with the trade in slaves soon coming to dominate all other exchanges. The Dutch begin to arrive in the 17th Century, to be followed by the French and British. As the influence of the Europeans steadily moves inland, the Congo River basin is raised in the imagination of the West, with the exploits of 19th Century explorers such as David Livingstone receiving wide publicity. More background. Mini biography Born on 9 April 1835 in Brussels, the capital of Belgium. He is the eldest son of Léopold I, first king of the Belgians. His full name is Léopold Louis Philippe Marie Victor. In line with royal tradition, he enters the Belgian Army at an early age, serving in the grenadiers, where he is appointed as a second lieutenant. Léopold also becomes a member of the Belgian Senate.1846 - He is given the title the Duke of the Brabant.1853 - Léopold marries Marie Henrietta, daughter of Archduke Joseph of Austria on 22 August."
},
{
"docid": "D2694842#0",
"title": "http://cdaworldhistory.wikidot.com/the-scramble-for-africa\nCDA's World History Wiki",
"text": "The Scramble for Africa In the early 1800s, European nations had just little land in Africa, holding only areas along the coast. In the mid-1800s, though, Europeans had renewed its interest in Africa. This rose, in part, from a desire to create overseas empires, a movement called imperialism. European nations wanted to control lands that had raw materials they needed for their industrial economies. They also wanted to open up markets for the goods they made. Nationalism fed the drive for empires as well. A nation often felt that gaining colonies was a measure of its greatness. Racism was another reason. Europeans thought that they were better than Africans. Finally, Christian missionaries supported imperialism."
},
{
"docid": "D509848#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/Why-did-Eritrea-split-from-Ethiopia\nWhy did Eritrea split from Ethiopia?",
"text": "\"Mike Bravo, Lived there for 15 years Updated May 30, 2016Originally Answered: Why did Eritreans want to secede from Ethiopia during the Cold War? Just a sample that can perhaps give a context to the prevailing geo political maneuvers in that time……. John Foster Dulles, said, \"\"From the point of view of justice, the opinions of the Eritrean people must receive consideration. Nevertheless the strategic interest of the United States in the Red Sea basin and the considerations of security and world peace make it necessary that the country has to be linked with our ally Ethiopia. ”A very frank admission by then secretary of State of the US. This quote is widely recited in lessons on Eritrean history. It is just another example of people not getting what they wish and if you have no diplomatic/military power then is difficult to get what you want. At the height of the cold war, the superpowers tried to use anything to gain advantage. Unfortunately,Eritrea is situated at a strategic location that the superpowers desperately wanted to gain a hold. The Red Sea coast located South of the Suez Canal and the notion that Israel needs alternative routes to fly around, and another not widely discussed but a huge factor in deciding its fate all conspired against the wishes of its people."
},
{
"docid": "D1029842#0",
"title": "http://www2.needham.k12.ma.us/nhs/cur/Baker_00/2002-p3/baker_p3_12-01_sn/index.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Scott N. The Conferences at Yalta and Potsdam Yalta Potsdam Bibliography Yalta The conferences at Yalta and Potsdam were the two most important peace conferences of World War II. The major powers at the conferences were the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union. The conference at Yalta took place from February 4-11, 1945. Yalta is located on the southern coast of Ukraine. The \"\"Big Three\"\" at Yalta were US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin, and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill. Coming into the conference the Soviet Union held the strongest military position in Europe. They controlled Rumania, Bulgaria, and most of Poland and Hungary, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia, and had moved within 100 miles of Berlin. The Big Three This picture shows (left to right) Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, and Joseph Stalin at Yalta before the end of war. This was the last time the Big Three would meet together because Roosevelt died in April, and Churchill was voted out as Prime Minister during the Potsdam Conference. Groliers Multimedia Encyclopedia, 1994It was determined that it was necessary to develop a new world peace keeping organization, the United Nations."
},
{
"docid": "D3245681#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/218775/africa-2-flash-cards/\nAfrica 2",
"text": "112 terms aussiecocobean3Africa 2Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sortsecond Africa is the _______ largest continent in the world Plateau Africa's main landform Horn of Africa What is the eastern peninsula on which Somalia is located commonly referred to? Cape of Good Hope What is the southern tip of the continent called? Strait of Gibraltar Where do Europe and Africa almost touch? Suez Canal What man-made body of water separates Africa and Asia Mt. Kilimanjaro What is the highest mountain in Africa? Tanzania Within which country is the highest mountain in Africa located? Mt. Kenya What is the second highest mountain in Africa? Atlas Mountains What is the longest mountain range in Africa Algeria and Morocco What countries does the largest mountain range pass through? Ngorogoro What is Africa's largest crater?"
}
] |
619981
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what did the declaration of independence
|
[
{
"docid": "D743300#0",
"title": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence\nUnited States Declaration of Independence",
"text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search United States Declaration of Independence1823 facsimile of the engrossed copy Created June–July 1776Ratified July 4, 1776Location Engrossed copy: National Archives Rough draft: Library of Congress Author (s) Thomas Jefferson et al. ( Engrosser: Possibly Timothy Matlack)Signatories 56 delegates to the Continental Congress Purpose To announce and explain separation from Great Britain [1]United States Declaration of Independence is an important document in the history of the United States of America. It was ratified on July 4,1776. It says that the Americans were no longer under British rule. Instead, the thirteen British colonies came together to become a new country. Contents1 Before the Declaration1.1 Effects1.2 Taking action2 The Declaration of Independence2.1 What it says2.2 Agreeing on the Declaration3 Effects of the Declaration3.1 Effects on Great Britain3.2 Effects on America4 Text4.1 Starting text4.2 The Preamble4.2.1 Simple English translation5 Present day6 Related pages7 References8 Other websites8.1 Maps, photos, and other media8.2 Signers Before the Declaration [ change | change source]Before 1776, the United States of America was not a country. The individual states were colonies of the British Empire. They were called British Colonies. This means that the King and Parliament of Great Britain ruled the Colonies. Effects [ change | change source]During this time, many American people were angry at Great Britain."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1585074#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_date_did_the_second_continental_congress_aprove_the_declaration_of_independence\nWhat date did the second continental congress aprove the Declaration of Independence?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Declaration of Independence What date did the second continental congress aprove the Declaration of Independence? Flag What date did the second continental congress aprove the Declaration of Independence? Edit Answer by Roibeaird WA Confidence votes 13.4KOn July 4, 1776, by voice vote, the Declaration of Independence was approved; however, only John Hancock and Charles Thomson signed the written document that was approved that day. A more formal version was created and signed on August 2, 1776 by the persons whose names are on the document.2 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Zing Dawtlen 3 Contributions Who read the Declaration of Independence to the Second Continental Congress?who wrote a summary view of the rights of British America Edit Why did the Second Continental Congress declare independence from England? Answer Septimber 17, 1787Edit Roibeaird WAWhen did the people in the second continental congress sign the declaration of independence? John Hancock signed it on July 4th 1776. However, Second Continental Congress did not sign it until August 2nd 1776. . Not all of the delegates to the Second Continental Co …Cutie Pie Gurl 17 Contributions What did the Continental Congress do for the Declaration of Independence? They worked to find money and the help of the French to support the army of George Washington and other Generals fighting against the British Rules."
},
{
"docid": "D1983183#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_did_the_American_colonies_declare_independence_from_Great_Britain\nWhy did the American colonies declare independence from Great Britain?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History American Revolution Why did the American colonies declare independence from Great Britain? Flag Why did the American colonies declare independence from Great Britain? Answer by Meagan Chrysanthemum Confidence votes 6.9KThe American Revolution began as a fight for the colonists' rights as Englishmen. They only declared independence when they did to be eligible for foreign aid. The colonists requested/declared their independence from Britain due to the extreme taxes that were being imposed upon them. They were being charged extreme amounts of money because they were an ocean away and did not have anyone representing them in Parlaiment. Being under British rule those in power felt that they could charge as they chose no matter how far away or unfair it was. Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Why did the American colonies write the Declaration of Independence to Great Britain? The colnoists wrote the Declaration of Independence to tell England that they had suffered long enough, and were breaking away from the increasingly repressive British rule."
},
{
"docid": "D2220703#0",
"title": "http://www.chacha.com/question/where-did-the-declaration-of-independence-take-place\nWhere did the declaration of Independence take place?",
"text": "\"Anonymous Where did the declaration of Independence take place? Topics: Culture › History › Declaration of Independence, United States History, Politics Answer Ivory Browning The Declaration of Independence was signed in Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.0 5 years ago Do you know the answer? Login or Sign Up to answer this question.data-config-site-section=\"\"chacha\"\">Related Declaration of Independence Questions When Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence who where they declaring independence from? They were declaring independence from Great Britain. The Declaration of... What is the first sentence from the Declaration of Independence? More.how did Lincoln use the Declaration of Independence? The Declaration of Independence was written nearly 35 years before President... What does populism have to do with the Declaration of Independence? Generally, a common theme of populism compares \"\"the people\"\" against \"\"the elite\"\",... What was first the Declaration Of Independence or the Us Constitution? The Declaration Of Independence came first, on July 4, 1776. The Constitution was... See All Questions ▶Last Week's Popular Questions for Declaration of Independence What are the two right colonies were deprived of according to the declaration of independence How did the Declaration of Independence move the revolution forward?the Declaration lifted moral, or at least the incentive to overthrow British... What are three references to god found in the Declaration of Independence?"
},
{
"docid": "D2086148#0",
"title": "http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/active_learning/explorations/revolution/revolution_declaringindependence.cfm\n.",
"text": "\"Declaring Independence More than a year past between the outbreak of fighting at the battles of Lexington and Concord and the decision to issue the Declaration of Independence. The major reason for the delay was the high value that the colonists attached to unanimity. While New England, Virginia, and South Carolina were ready to declare independence in 1775, other colonies still hoped that British merchants or the parliamentary opposition would respond to American grievance. Many feared that a full-scale war for independence might give France and Spain the opportunity to expand their New World empires. After the outbreak of violence, pressure began to build for a formal declaration of independence. During the Spring of 1776, colonies, localities, and groups of ordinary Americans--including New York mechanics, Pennsylvania militiamen, and South Carolina grand juries--adopted resolutions endorsing independence. On June 7, 1776, a Virginia delegate forced the delegates to take a stand. Richard Henry Lee offered a resolution calling for an immediate declaration of independence. His resolution read: That these United Colonies are, and of right out to be, free and independent States, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connection between them and the state of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved. That it is expedient forthwith to take the most effectual measures for forming foreign alliances."
},
{
"docid": "D1747043#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_did_the_US_grant_the_Philippines_its_independence\nWhen did the US grant the Philippines its independence?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of Asia History of the Philippines When did the US grant the Philippines its independence? Flag When did the US grant the Philippines its independence? Edit Answer by Orchkris Confidence votes 207The U. S. granted independence to the Philippines on July 4, 1946. Woodrow Wilson entered the presidency with his foreign affairs approach of Moral Diplomacy. He opposed imperialism, the \"\"big-stick\"\" policy of T Roosevelt, and the Dollar Diplomacy of Taft. Part of this meant righting past wrongs. In 1916, the US passed the Jones Act, which set the Philippines up for independence. Later in 1934, the US finally passed the Tydings-Mc Duffie Act which said that (1) on 1946, they would have their independence and (2) the US would gradually remove their military from the islands. Even though the US was still nominally in control of the territory, it elected a president under a new constitution in 1935. The date they received independence from the U. S. is July 4, 1946.2 people found this useful Was this answer useful?"
},
{
"docid": "D2052295#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_did_Texas_declare_independence_form_Mexico\nWhen did Texas declare independence from Mexico?",
"text": "Mediatech 14,908 Contributions When did Texas declare independence from Mexico? The Texas Declaration of Independence was signed on March 3, 1836. Edit Where did Texas declared independence from Mexico? The Alamo in San Antonio Edit Why did Texas declare its independence from Mexico? Texas declare independence from Mexico because they need to speak a different language, prohibited slavey, and practice a different religion Edit Juarritos51 35 Contributions Why did Texas declare their independence from Mexico? They declared their independence because they were no longer satisfied with the original settlement agreement they had made with the Government of Mexico and they expected sup …What Year Did Texas Declare Independent From Mexico?\\n1836Edit When did Texas declare its independence from Mexico?1821Edit Who helped Texas win independence form Mexico?u.s Edit Jeremiah101 936 Contributions Texas declared its independence from Mexico at? Washington-on-the-Brazos Edit Tay.muck 189 Contributions Why did Texas declare independence from Mexico? Texas was previously under the power of Mexico's dictator, Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. the Texonians already wanted to be free from Mexico, but what sealed the deal was the s …What reasons were given in the Texas Declaration of Independence for separating from Mexico?oh Edit Haunted4always 37 Contributions When was Texas independence from Mexico declared?1836Edit Everac99 75,363 Contributions When did Texas wins its independence form Mexico? April 21, 1836Edit"
},
{
"docid": "D2371420#0",
"title": "http://candst.tripod.com/doipurp.htm\nDeclaration of Independence: Its Purpose",
"text": "\"The Constitutional Principle: Separation of Church and State Welcome Contents What's New Search this site View Our Stats Visitors since 7/15/1998Links Guest Book Contact Us This site is eye friendly: Use your browser's view options to increase or decrease font size Declaration of Independence: Its Purpose It wasn't a Declaration of Independence as such. It was a explanation of the resolution that Congress had passed on July 2, 1776 that was the actual Act/Declaration of Independence Research and writing by Jim Allison After its adoption, and throughout the last quarter of the eighteenth century, the Declaration of Independence was viewed primarily as a pronouncement of separation from Great Britain and not as the sacred political document it is today. ( 70)FOOTNOTE (70) Philip F. Detweiler, \"\"The Changing Reputation of the Declaration of Independence,\"\" 564. John Bidwell, \"\"American History in Image and Text,\"\" 265. Carl L. Becker, The Declaration of Independence: A Study in the History of Political Ideas (New York: Vintage Books, 1922), 226. Source: An excerpt from Cultural Impact: Nineteenth Century Evolution of the Founding Documents as Symbols The instructions to delegates in Philadelphia make it clear that foreign aid was the aim of the declaration. North Carolina put the two acts in a co-ordinate single aim: 'declaring independency and forming foreign alliances.' ( Force, _Archives_, ser. iv, 5:860)Source : Inventing America, Jefferson's Declaration of Independence, Garry Wills Vintage Books, (1979)pp. 326-27In the midst of a war, while forming constitutions in their own provinces, men obviously felt that the treaty and the articles were more difficult projects of practical politics, and set more useful or dangerous legal precedents, than the Declaration itself."
},
{
"docid": "D2136633#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/California_declared_its_independence_from_Mexico_in_1846\nCalifornia declared its independence from Mexico in 1846?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Declaration of Independence California declared its independence from Mexico in 1846? Flag California declared its independence from Mexico in 1846? Edit Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time.im sorry about this but Wiki Answers does not like you please find another website to cheat and find answers cause wiki answers doesnt like you im sorry Unicorn1 person found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Mediatech 14,908 Contributions When did Texas declare independence from Mexico? The Texas Declaration of Independence was signed on March 3, 1836. Edit Why did Texas declare its independence from Mexico? Texas declare independence from Mexico because they need to speak a different language, prohibited slavey, and practice a different religion Edit Juarritos51 35 Contributions Why did Texas declare their independence from Mexico? They declared their independence because they were no longer satisfied with the original settlement agreement they had made with the Government of Mexico and they expected sup …Jponbac Gunna 300,100 Contributions Retired teacher with an advocation in history who loves to travel. Who Declared California independent in 1846? Polk was the president, but the man who took the Mexican governor to Sutter's Fort and hoisted the Bear flag was John C. Fremont."
},
{
"docid": "D2553781#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_are_the_causes_of_the_Declaration_of_Independence\nWhat is are the causes of the Declaration of Independence?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Declaration of Independence What is are the causes of the Declaration of Independence? Flag What is are the causes of the Declaration of Independence? Answer by Anya Massoud Confidence votes 49The cause of declaration of independece were that the colonist were fed up of being taxed and of the british not leting them move into their new land from their vitoiry of the french and indian war . so all the coloionies agreed to sign the declaration.5 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No What were the causes and consequences of the American declaration of independence in 1776? The cause of the Declaration of Independence was the laws and taxesthat Britain forced on the colonies. The declaration listed thecomplaints of the colonists, and declared ind …What were the causes of the Declaration of Independence? The causes of the declaration of independence was the increase in british troops in the thirteen colonies in America and a war, the American Revolution, that lasted about 5 ye …A major cause for the colonies declaring their independence from England was the issue of?religious prosecution Rocksnot 1 Contribution What was the cause for issuing the Declaration of Independence?the war What was the cause of the Declaration of Independence?the english were oppressing the american colonists with taxes and harsh laws so were like, \"\"F YOU\"\" and we declared independence What were the causes and effects of the declaration of independence? Boston Tea Party, The Second Continental Congress What is one cause and effect of the Declaration of Independence?a cause of the declaration of independence was slavery and its effect is the NBADylan Fehr 3 Contributions Cause and effect of writing the Declaration of Independence? What were the causes of the writing of the Declaration of Independence?"
},
{
"docid": "D1735418#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_is_credited_with_writing_the_declaration_of_independence\nWhat did they use to write the declaration of independence?",
"text": "Mtnbibliophile 898 Contributions What did they use to write the declaration of independence? Physically, they used a quill pen. If you mean what was theirinspiration, then it was philosophers John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Montesquieu. Why did the Founders write the Declaration of Independence? The Founders wrote the declaration of independence to officially break free from the british and to ensure freedom for all!Lynzi Wilson 14 Contributions Why did Thomas write the Declaration of Independence?the 13 american colonies were ruled by england, but they wanted their independence, so they elected thomas jefferson to write the declaration of independance. Who got credit for the Declaration of Independence? Thomas Jefferson Who was chosen to write the Declaration of Independence? Five people made The Declaration Of Independence, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Robert R. Livingston, and Roger Sherman. John Adams wrote the first draft bu …Whose writings are credited with influencing the writer of the Declaration of Independence? There are a number of writings that are credited with influencingthe creators of the Declaration of Independence."
},
{
"docid": "D804750#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_did_Ben_Franklin_sign_the_Declaration_of_Independence\nWhy did Ben Franklin sign the Declaration of Independence?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society Society and Civilization Famous People Scientists Benjamin Franklin Why did Ben Franklin sign the Declaration of Independence? Flag Why did Ben Franklin sign the Declaration of Independence? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. Because he believed what it said and thought America should be independent. Michael Montagne Benjamin Franklin signed the Declaration of Independence because he belived what it said and thought America should be independent. Benjamin wanted the best for our country!42 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Did Ben Franklin sign The Declaration of Independence? Yes, Benjamin Franklin did sign the Declaration Of Independence. In fact, he even helped write the declaration. Stupid Eyes 1 Contribution Did Benjamin Franklin sign the Declaration of Independence?"
},
{
"docid": "D117320#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_did_the_Declaration_of_Independence_affect_the_colonialists\nHow did the Declaration of Independence affect the colonialists?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Founding Fathers How did the Declaration of Independence affect the colonialists? Flag How did the Declaration of Independence affect the colonialists? Answer by Dancer594 Confidence votes 16The Declaration of Independence gave the colonists a patriotic approach towards the Revolutionary War. It was a symbol for their nationalism. It gave them the strength towards fighting for a cause that they truly believed in.12 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No How does the declaration of independence affect us today?bgyigcosmic ray65 14 Contributions How did the Declaration of Independence affect American history? In 1877 the Declaration of Independence had a major effect on the U. S because it declared the United States free from britain ruleand it united the North and the South at the t …How did the Declaration of Independence affect the thirteen colonies? Answer . It gave them freedom and independence from Britain. USCitizen 477,196 Contributions How did the Declaration of Independence affect the American Revolution?"
},
{
"docid": "D2292032#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/history/did-united-states-become-country-3cae76551f62e216\nWhen Did the United States Become a Country?",
"text": "History Modern History US History Q: When Did the United States Become a Country? A: Quick Answer The United States became a country on July 4, 1776, when the Continental Congress formally endorsed the Declaration of Independence. However, the first time a foreign country officially recognized the United States as independent was in 1777, when Morocco recognized the independence of the United States. Continue Reading Keep Learning When Was the United States Founded? What Are Some Facts About the Declaration of Independence? What Is the Significance of Independence Day? Full Answer In 1778, France recognized the United States as a sovereign nation when representatives from both countries signed the Treaty of Amity and Commerce and the Treaty of Alliance. The next major power to recognize the United States as a nation was Denmark in 1781. Great Britain, although surrendering in 1781 to the United States, did not formally recognize the United States as sovereign until the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783. Learn more about US History Sources: faculty.washington.edu forbes.com loc.gov Related Questions Q: Who Was the First to Sign the Declaration of Independence?"
},
{
"docid": "D3525996#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_rights_does_the_Declaration_of_Independence_express\nEnglish philosopher who influenced the authors of the Declaration of Independence who expressed their unalienable rights?",
"text": "\"English philosopher who influenced the authors of the Declaration of Independence who expressed their unalienable rights? John Locke What does the Declaration of Independence express?that we are free and have the right to be free as american citezens Pr77x 10,462 Contributions What is two rights in the Declaration of Independence? As the Declaration of Independence states: \"\"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain …What rights were outlined in the declaration of independence?1. The power to levy wars. 2. To conclude peace. 3. To contract alliances. 4. To establish commerce."
},
{
"docid": "D2746207#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_second_continental_congress_call_the_declaration_of_independence\nWhat did the second continental congress call the declaration of independence?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History American Revolution What did the second continental congress call the declaration of independence? Flag What did the second continental congress call the declaration of independence? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. The Unanimous Declaration of The Thirteen United States of America3 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Zing Dawtlen 3 Contributions Who read the Declaration of Independence to the Second Continental Congress?who wrote a summary view of the rights of British America Why did the Second Continental Congress declare independence from England? Answer . Septimber 17, 1787Roibeaird WA 32,635 Contributions When did the people in the second continental congress sign the declaration of independence? John Hancock signed it on July 4th 1776. However, Second Continental Congress did not sign it until August 2nd 1776. . Not all of the delegates to the Second Continental Co …Why did the Second Continental Congress issue the Declaration of Independence?"
},
{
"docid": "D3516279#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_were_the_reasons_the_colonists_gave_for_not_wanting_to_declare_their_independence\nWhat were the reasons the colonists gave for not wanting to declare their independence?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Declaration of Independence What were the reasons the colonists gave for not wanting to declare their independence? Flag What were the reasons the colonists gave for not wanting to declare their independence? Answer by Mh01 Confidence votes 214Well there is a lot of revolutions that colonists took part in. I can answer anything about the American Revolution. The reasons were 1. They were loyal to King George. 2. Economic reasons 3. They did not truly believe in the government that the was formed by the Americans was either legitimate, and would work/last in the long run. 4."
},
{
"docid": "D2645384#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_did_Thomas_Paine's_arguments_favor_independence\nHow did Thomas Paine's arguments favor independence?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Declaration of Independence How did Thomas Paine's arguments favor independence? Flag How did Thomas Paine's arguments favor independence? Answer by Edwardloverr Confidence votes 17Thomas Paine wrote a pamphlet in 1776, Common Sense you might have heard of it from our history books. It was a pro-independence monograph pamphlet Paine published anonymously and within three months sold 100,000 copies throughout the American British colonies. It caused quite the controversy all over and attracted many with its simplicity of its style. The controversy was caused with the shock of the readers when they read Paine's undisguised hostility towards the British monarchy. Paine even went far as to label king George the III as \"\"the Royal Brute of Great Britain\"\". Common sense was very popular, the number of people converted to independence because of the pamphlet is unknown. Paine's arguments were barley used in public calls for Independence which suggests that Common Sense may have had a more limited impact on the fight for independence then sometimes believed. Personally i think Paine had a lot of guts publishing Common sense, even though he published it anonymously."
},
{
"docid": "D1363529#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/What-did-the-Declaration-of-Independence-declare\nWhat did the Declaration of Independence declare?",
"text": "\"Declaration of Independence of the United States Independence History of the United States of America History What did the Declaration of Independence declare?2 Answers Avraham Z. Isseroff, Have taught Civil War history for several year. Created a presidential game. Answered Jul 9, 2016 · Author has 300 answers and 316.7k answer views This is a terrific question. It encompasses within it a chunk of relevant American history for every generation. Prior to Lincoln's Gettysburg Address what was declared in the Declaration was found at its end: \"\"We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved\"\". In his debates with Stephen Douglas and finally proclaimed in his Gettysburg Address was that the declaration was at the beginning. \"\" We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,\"\"By this Lincoln meant all (Men)\\U0001f614. Douglas denied that it included Blacks. \"\" Lincoln maintains there that the ← Declaration → of Independence asserts that the negro is equal to the white man, and that under Divine law, and if he believes so it was rational for him to advocate negro citizenship, which, when allowed, puts the negro on an equality under the law. ( No negro equality for us; down with Lincoln.)"
},
{
"docid": "D269535#0",
"title": "http://www.surfnetkids.com/independenceday/230/the-significance-of-the-declaration-of-independence/\nThe Significance of the Declaration of Independence",
"text": "\"The Significance of the Declaration of Independence Share 111 Tweet Pin Share +1 5116From an early age many of us are aware of the importance of the Fourth of July. How could we miss how important it is with all the fireworks and barbecues and elaborate decorations? But when we are young we don’t fully grasp the concept of Independence Day. When we start school we are taught about the Declaration of Independence and the important role that it plays for our country. By the time we finish elementary school we can tell you who wrote the Declaration of Independence and what it actually stood for, but what we don’t know is why the Declaration of Independence is so significant to everybody. One thing that many kids don’t realize is that the Declaration of Independence was important to other countries besides the United States. By our founding fathers bravery we became a role model for other countries who were experiencing things similar to what the colonists were suffering from with England and King George III. In fact shortly after we gained our independence France revolted against King Louis XVI to gain their independence in a sense. The Declaration of Independence has great significance to the American people because it is what led to our independence from King George III. The Declaration of Independence justified our right to revolt against a government that no longer guaranteed us our natural rights."
},
{
"docid": "D467317#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Was_the_Declaration_of_Independence_signed_after_the_US_Constitution_was_written\nWas the Declaration of Independence signed after the US Constitution was written?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Declaration of Independence Was the Declaration of Independence signed after the US Constitution was written? Flag Was the Declaration of Independence signed after the US Constitution was written? Edit Answer by Roibeaird WA Confidence votes 13.2KNo, the Declaration was done in 1776. The Constitution was put in written form in 1787.4 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Emileeeyo 10 Contributions How did the Declaration of Independence influence the way the US Constitution was written?it stated that \"\"all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happin …Weir HM 3 Contributions Who signed both the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution? There are few men who signed both documents: George Read, Roger Sherman, Benjamin Franklin, Robert Morris, George Clymer, and James Wilson. This is the list of signers of The …Which two delegates signed the Declaration of Independence but not the US Constitution? 56 56Edit, Linc Mad 332,237 Contributions Who signed both the Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution? Roger Sherman from Connecticut; George Clymer, Ben Franklin, Robert Morris and James Wilson from Pennsylvania; and George Read from Delaware. Edit Don Dfoofnik 4,371,199 Contributions There are three kinds of answers: ones that are mostly right, ones that are mostly wrong, and those that once were right but now are wrong."
}
] |
619982
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what did the declaration of independence do?
|
[
{
"docid": "D50187#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence\nUnited States Declaration of Independence",
"text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence1823 facsimile of the engrossed copy Created June–July 1776Ratified July 4, 1776Location Engrossed copy: National Archives Rough draft: Library of Congress Author (s) Thomas Jefferson et al. ( engrosser: probably Timothy Matlack)Signatories 56 delegates to the Continental Congress Purpose To announce and explain separation from Great Britain [1]The United States Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House (now known as Independence Hall) in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776. The Declaration announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain would regard themselves as thirteen independent sovereign states no longer under British rule. With the Declaration, these new states took a collective first step toward forming the United States of America. The declaration was signed by representatives from New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. The Declaration was passed on July 2 with no opposing votes. A committee of five had drafted it to be ready when Congress voted on independence. John Adams, a leader in pushing for independence, had persuaded the committee to select Thomas Jefferson to compose the original draft of the document, [2] which Congress edited to produce the final version. The Declaration was a formal explanation of why Congress had voted on July 2 to declare independence from Great Britain, more than a year after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. Adams wrote to his wife Abigail, \"\"The Second Day of July 1776, will be the most memorable Epocha, in the History of America\"\"— [3] although Independence Day is actually celebrated on July 4, the date that the wording of the Declaration of Independence was approved."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D2971418#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_did_Madison_sign_the_declaration_of_independence\nWhen did Madison sign the Declaration of Independence?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Declaration of Independence When did Madison sign the Declaration of Independence? Flag When did Madison sign the Declaration of Independence? Answer by Delta40 Confidence votes 15Virtually every delegate signed on August 2, 1776. Only John Hancock signed it on July 4, 1776. James Madison did NOT sign the Declaration of Independence, however he was a signer of the Constitution.5 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Dzhang19981019 44 Contributions Did James Madison sign the Declaration of Independence? James Madison was our President and did sign the Constitution, but did not sighn the Declaration of Independence, nor attend. that helped alot. : -)Who didn't sign the Declaration of Independence? George Washington Stevekim012 16,501 Contributions What day was the declaration of independence signed?"
},
{
"docid": "D2006861#0",
"title": "http://www.snopes.com/history/american/hancock.asp\nJohn Hancock Signs the Declaration of Independence",
"text": "\"John Hancock Signs the Declaration of Independence What did John Hancock say when he signed the Declaration of Independence?2Claim: When John Hancock affixed his famously large signature to the Declaration of Independence, he proclaimed, “There, I guess King George will be able to read that !” FALSEExample: [Collected via the Internet, June 2013]On signing the Declaration of Independence John Hancock commented, “There, I guess King George will be able to read that!” I always loved that story. I can picture John in his defiance, filled with indignation for King George making that statement. Today we would say, “Take that you big bully!”Actually after he signed the Declaration he exclaimed, “There! John Bull can read my name without spectacles and may now double his reward of £500 for my head. That is my defiance.” I can picture him saying that in great indignation. Today we might say, “Take that, Johnny Boy. Put that in your pipe and smoke it!”What he really said was, “The British ministry can read that name without spectacles; let them double their reward."
},
{
"docid": "D2957814#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_Declaration_of_Independence_say\nWhat does the Declaration of Independence say about god?",
"text": "\"Mark Steven Brown 2 Contributions What does the Declaration of Independence say about god? It refers to the \"\"Creator\"\", \"\"Nature's God\"\", the \"\"Supreme Judge of the world\"\", refers to us as \"\"created\"\" and notes our \"\"reliance on the protection of Divine Providence\"\". The declaration of independence says? Answer . When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume amon …What did the declaration of independence say about king george III?they were basically pissed off about king george taxing them to death and blocking off trade with other countries. King George ruling them and abusing his power. Samjz99 369 Contributions What dose the Declaration of Independence say? The Declaration of Independence formally notified King George IV (the 3rd) of the Patriot's intentions. It had 3 main ideas: 1.) Jefferson wrote that all men possess unalien …What does the Preamble to the Declaration of Independence say?"
},
{
"docid": "D1910656#0",
"title": "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/william-b-bradshaw/trivia-seven-declaration-of-independence_b_5580161.html\nTrivia: Seven Questions and Answers about the Declaration of Independence",
"text": "THE BLOG 07/12/2014 08:17 am ET Updated Sep 11, 2014Trivia: Seven Questions and Answers about the Declaration of Independence By William B. Bradshaw Here are some trivia questions relating to the Declaration of Independence. The answers are below. See how you do with them. Questions 1. What is the date of the signing of the Declaration of Independence? 2. Who was the first person to sign the Declaration of Independence? 3. Why wasn’t George Washington the first person to sign the Declaration of Independence? 4."
},
{
"docid": "D3104926#0",
"title": "http://www.adherents.com/people/pa/John_Adams.html\nThe Religious Affiliation of Second U.S. PresidentJohn Adams",
"text": "\"< Return to Religious Affiliation of U. S. Presidents< Return to Famous Congregationalists< Return to Famous Unitarians The Religious Affiliation of Second U. S. President John Adams John Adams is regarded as one of the most important Founding Fathers of the United States of America. Before becoming the second President of the United States, John Adams served as the Vice-President under President George Washington. Prior to that, John Adams was a signer of the Declaration of Independence as a delegate from Massachusetts. President John Adams was a devout Unitarian, which was a non-trinitarian Protestant Christian denomination during the Colonial era. He was identified as a Congregationalist by The Congregationalist Library. 1995 Information Please Almanac was cited as the source stating he was a later a Unitarian. ( Source: Ian Dorion, \"\"Table of the Religious Affiliations of American Founders\"\", 1997). From: Peter Roberts, \"\"John Adams\"\" page in \"\"God and Country\"\" section of \"\"Science Resources on the Net\"\" website (http://www.geocities.com/peterroberts.geo/Relig-Politics/John Adams.html; viewed 23 November 2005): Religious Affiliation: Unitarian Summary of Religious Views: Adams was raised a Congregationalist, but ultimately rejected many fundamental doctrines of conventional Christianity, such as the Trinity and the divinity of Jesus, becoming a Unitarian. In his youth, Adams' father urged him to become a minister, but Adams refused, considering the practice of law to be a more noble calling. Although he once referred to himself as a \"\"church going animal,\"\" Adams' view of religion overall was rather ambivalent: He recognized the abuses, large and small, that religious belief lends itself to, but he also believed that religion could be a force for good in individual lives and in society at large."
},
{
"docid": "D2273210#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_writing_by_Thomas_Paine_convinced_thousands_of_American_colonist_to_separate_from_Britain\nWhat writing by Thomas Paine convinced thousands of American colonist to separate from Britain?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History American Revolution Thomas Paine What writing by Thomas Paine convinced thousands of American colonist to separate from Britain? Flag What writing by Thomas Paine convinced thousands of American colonist to separate from Britain? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. Common Sense was the writing where Thomas Paine convinced thousands of American colonists to separate from Britain.2 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Sheepgrape 1,482 Contributions Why did Thomas Paine write The American Crisis? Answer To argue that Americans had a duty to revolt against Britain. How did Thomas Paine capture the attention of thousands of Americans in 1776? In January 1776, Thomas Paine published a pamplet called Common Sense ! ! What did Thomas Paine write to encourage the colonists to declare independence? He had said that citizens, not kings and queens, should make laws."
},
{
"docid": "D1982082#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/99556546/government-unit-1-flash-cards/\nGovernment Unit 1",
"text": "\"118 terms Grace Wiens Government Unit 1Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sortlaw enforcement The government provides a number of public safety services, includingfederal State governments must follow which type of laws Government creates laws and provides leadership Which best describes the two main functions of US governmentto represent their interests in government Which best describes why voters choose political candidatesguarantee rights for citizens A purpose of government in the United States is tomonarchy Which form of government serves the interests of royal family members In some countries, citizens do not have the right to vote Which best states a difference between voting in the US and in other countriescommunist A country governed by a central party is best characterized aspolice officers A public safety service the US government provides isseparation of powers The division of the US government into three branches is calledbuilding bridges and roads One responsibility of the government is to provide public works, which includesthe economy What does the US government help regulatejudicial branch The part of the US government that interprets laws is thepublic education The government provides a number of public welfare services, includingtheocracy and communism What are two types of oligarchies A communist government is led by one political party Which statement best defines a communist governmenthe holds all of the power In an autocracy, what kind of power does the leader holdfrom the time of taking the throne to their death How long is an individual monarch's term of rulefederal system Central and state governments influence each other inlarge groups of voters would be difficult to manage The best reason why direct democracy would not work well in the United States is thatdirect and representative The two forms of democracy are Athens had a small population Why did direct democracy work for the ancient Greek city of Athens The leader maintains power through force Which statement best characterizes a dictatorshipis the leader of the party that won the most seats In a parliamentary system of representative democracy, the prime ministerall citizens In a direct democracy, who votes on government policycitizens In the United States, who elects the legislature Citizens elect leaders who vote on the issues in a representative democracy, and citizens vote on the issues in a direct democracy What is the main way a representative democracy differs from a direct democracya government ruled by a small, elite group An oligarchy is best defined asseparates powers, keeping one body from gaining too much power A benefit of a bicameral legislature is that itthree How many of the Ten Commandments can be found in the laws of the United Statesgeneral assembly All citizens in ancient Athens took part in government by voting in thecitizens to participate in government The most important way in which the Greeks influenced American democracy was by allowing Women can vote and serve in government What would most surprise an ancient Athenian about government in the United States todaytreated all its people fairly regardless of class Pericles claimed that the Athenian government, unlike other Greek city-statesvote on important decisions A direct democracy is one in which all citizens The legislative branch in Athens had two main bodies In what way did ancient Athens influence the framers of the United States Constitution Greek-city states Where did democracy beginequality of all citizens You shall not render an unjust judgment; you shall not be partial to the poor or defer to the great: with justice you shall judge your neighbor. Which principle of American government is reflected in this passageliving and worshiping The Ten Commandments are a list of rules for Christians and Jews Judeo-Christian principles refer to the religious beliefs and values held in common byrome In addition to Judeo-Christian principles, American government was influenced by principles first used in ancient Greece and intwo A bicameral legislature is made up of how many bodiesallow for a diversity of opinions state which becomes progressively more and more a unity will cease to be a state at all. Plurality of numbers is natural in a state; and the further it moves away from plurality towards unity, the less of a state it becomes. Aristotle believed that the citizens of a successful state must Commentaries on the Laws of England The English document that laid the groundwork for judges in the US to rule based on precedent is known as thegave more power to the people and protected their rights An important effect of the Magna Carta on English government was that itcommon laws became more accessible What was an important effect of Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of Englandspeak freely The English Bill of Rights declared that each member of Parliament had the right toparliament According to the English Bill of Rights, who makes laws regarding taxationlegislative branch The Magna Carta led to the creation of Parliament, England'swere tired of his tyrannical rule The Magna Carta was presented to King John in 1215 because peoplethe monarchy The English Bill of Rights put limits on the power ofcommon law Which of these best completes the empty box to the right with limited government and rights for citizenscreated a record of common law William Blackstone was important because heking The Magna Carta placed clear limits on the power of thedue process No freeman is to be taken or imprisoned or disseised of his free tenement or of his liberties or free customs. . . . To no-one will we sell or deny of delay right or justice. This part of the document granted people the right toprotection against unusual punishment and the right to trial by jury Key privileges included in both the English Bill of Rights and the US Bill of Rights includeright to trial by jury, bear arms, and protection from cruel and unusual punishment. Which rights for citizens appear in the English Bill of Rights? Check all that applycommunicate opinions and ideas That the freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in Parliament ought not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of Parliament."
},
{
"docid": "D2909406#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_passage_was_taken_away_from_the_Declaration_of_Independence\nWhat passage was taken away from the Declaration of Independence?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Founding Fathers What passage was taken away from the Declaration of Independence? Flag What passage was taken away from the Declaration of Independence? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. \"\" He has waged cruel war against human nature itself, violating it's most sacred rights of life and liberty in the persons of a distant people who never offended him, captivating and carrying them into slavery in another hemisphere, or to incur miserable death in their transportation thither. This piratical warfare, the opprobrium of infidels powers, is the warfare of the Christian king of Great Britain. He has prostituted his negative for suppressing every legislative attempt to prohibit or to restrain this execrable commerce determining to keep open a market where MEN should be bought and sold: and that this assemblage of horrors might want no fact of distinguished die, he is now exciting those very people to rise in arms among us, and to purchase that liberty of which he has deprived them, by murdering the people upon whom he also obtruded them: thus paying off former crimes committed against the liberties of one people, with crimes which he urges them to commit against the lives of another. \"\" 2 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Why was Jefferson's passage regarding slavery taken out of the declaration by congress? When Thomas Jefferson included a passage attacking slavery in his draft of the Declaration of Independence it initiated the most intense debate among the delegates gathered at …Sarah Audrey Delima 4 Contributions What three rights does the Declaration of Independence say cannot be taken away? The three unalienable rights are: If you ."
},
{
"docid": "D3448412#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/21306651/us-citizenship-questions-flash-cards/\nUS Citizenship Questions",
"text": "100 terms melinda_berg US Citizenship Questions NOTE: Check the answers for your STATE-SPECIFIC questions. Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort What is the supreme law of the land? The Constitution What does the Constitution do? Sets up the government; defines the government; protects basic rights of Americans What are the first three words of the Constitution? We the people What is an amendment? A change to the Constitution; An addition to the Constitution What do we call the first 10 amendments to the Constitution? The Bill of Rights What is one right or freedom from the First Amendment? Speech; Religion; Assembly; Press How many amendments does the Constitution have?"
},
{
"docid": "D2556028#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Did_Thomas_Jefferson_and_John_Adams_die_on_the_same_day\nDid Thomas Jefferson and John Adams die on the same day?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States US Presidents John Adams Did Thomas Jefferson and John Adams die on the same day? Flag Did Thomas Jefferson and John Adams die on the same day? Answer by Blacklex Confidence votes 52Yes they did Both ex-Presidents died on July 4,1826, exactly 50 years after The Declaration of Independence was signed. Another ex-President, James Monroe, died on July 4, 1831. Born on the Fourth of July was......the 30th President of the United States,Calvin Coolidge, in 1872. John Adams played a leading roll in the adoption of the Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson did too. The shall be remembered.38 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Yamilex MT 11 Contributions Why did Thomas Jefferson and John Adams die on the same day? Answer Coincidence."
},
{
"docid": "D25066#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/FAQ/8985\nMayflower Compact",
"text": "\"Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Colonial America Mayflower Compact Unanswered | Answered Mayflower Compact Parent Category: Colonial America The first governing document of Plymouth County, the Mayflower Compact was written by the colonists (also known as the pilgrims) who came to America on the Mayflower seeking religious freedom.1 2 3 >Did the Mayflower have cannons?yes What was the historical signifance of the Mayflower Compact? The Mayflower Compact was drafted and signed aboard the Mayflower on November 21, 1620. The \"\"plantation covenant\"\" modeled after a Separatist church covenant, was a document that established a \"\"Civil Body Politic\"\" (a temporary government) until one could be more permanently established (ibid.). The... The Mayflower Compact is considered an important step in the development of democracy in America because it?provided a basis for self-government in the Plymouth Colony When did the Mayflower Compact start? The 'Pilgrim Fathers' subscribed to a covenant for self-government - the Mayflower Compact - on their voyage to America in 1620 (on the board of the Mayflower - the ship). Which document do express a desire for independence the Mayflower Compact the Declaration of Independence or the letter by Columbus? Declaration of Independence, INDEPENDANCEWhy was the Mayflower Compact significant?the mayflower compact was significant because this was the first governing document of plymouth colony. This signified not a constitution; but an agreement to form a crude government, and to submit the will of the majority under the regulations agreed upon. e.m.m. The Mayflower Compact is an example of what fundamental political principle?"
},
{
"docid": "D210022#0",
"title": "http://americainclass.org/sources/makingrevolution/constitution/text5/text5.htm\nCONSTITUTION: 1787-1791",
"text": "\"The Bill of Rights, 25 September 1789 (detail) « Previous 2/5 Next »CONSTITUTION: 1787-17915. Adding a Bill of Rights On adding a bill of rights to the Constitution: commentary from letters, addresses, and newspapers, 1787-1789 PDFThe Bill of Rights, 1789 National Archives – print version Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (France), 1789 Avalon Project PDFAmericans entered the Revolutionary crisis confident that they knew what their rights were; after independence, they modified these ideas only modestly. What did evolve, far more dramatically and creatively, were their ideas of where the dangers to rights lay and of how rights were to be protected. Jack Rakove, Original Meanings: Politics and Ideas in the Making of the Constitution, 1996 1For many Americans after the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the decision to support or oppose the new plan of government came down to one issue—whether their liberties were jeopardized by its lack of a bill of rights. After all, they had rebelled against Britain because it had in their view ceased to respect their age-old liberties as Englishmen—liberties enshrined in the 1215 Magna Carta and the 1689 English Declaration of Rights. Having fought a long war to protect these rights, were they then to sacrifice them to their own government? Others countered that a bill of rights actually endangered their liberties—that listing the rights a government could not violate implied that unlisted rights could be restricted or abolished. And just what posed the gravest threat to individual liberties—the federal government or, paradoxically, the people themselves? A lot to consider in the intense debate over ratifying the proposed Constitution. On adding a bill of rights to the Constitution: commentary from letters, addresses, and newspapers, 1787-1789."
},
{
"docid": "D804750#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_did_Ben_Franklin_sign_the_Declaration_of_Independence\nWhy did Ben Franklin sign the Declaration of Independence?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society Society and Civilization Famous People Scientists Benjamin Franklin Why did Ben Franklin sign the Declaration of Independence? Flag Why did Ben Franklin sign the Declaration of Independence? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. Because he believed what it said and thought America should be independent. Michael Montagne Benjamin Franklin signed the Declaration of Independence because he belived what it said and thought America should be independent. Benjamin wanted the best for our country!42 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Did Ben Franklin sign The Declaration of Independence? Yes, Benjamin Franklin did sign the Declaration Of Independence. In fact, he even helped write the declaration. Stupid Eyes 1 Contribution Did Benjamin Franklin sign the Declaration of Independence?"
},
{
"docid": "D1363529#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/What-did-the-Declaration-of-Independence-declare\nWhat did the Declaration of Independence declare?",
"text": "\"Declaration of Independence of the United States Independence History of the United States of America History What did the Declaration of Independence declare?2 Answers Avraham Z. Isseroff, Have taught Civil War history for several year. Created a presidential game. Answered Jul 9, 2016 · Author has 300 answers and 316.7k answer views This is a terrific question. It encompasses within it a chunk of relevant American history for every generation. Prior to Lincoln's Gettysburg Address what was declared in the Declaration was found at its end: \"\"We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved\"\". In his debates with Stephen Douglas and finally proclaimed in his Gettysburg Address was that the declaration was at the beginning. \"\" We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,\"\"By this Lincoln meant all (Men)\\U0001f614. Douglas denied that it included Blacks. \"\" Lincoln maintains there that the ← Declaration → of Independence asserts that the negro is equal to the white man, and that under Divine law, and if he believes so it was rational for him to advocate negro citizenship, which, when allowed, puts the negro on an equality under the law. ( No negro equality for us; down with Lincoln.)"
},
{
"docid": "D2452900#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_did_John_Hancock_sign_the_Declaration_of_Independence\nWhy did John Hancock sign the Declaration of Independence so big?",
"text": "Why did John Hancock sign the Declaration of Independence so big? John Hancock signed the Declaration of Independence so big to make sure the King of England would see it and notice it for sure. Edit Why did John Hancock sign the declaration of independence first?to show that he was not a loyalist and was in fact an anti Loyalist or Rebel that's why he signed it so large, to show King George he was against him. Edit What else did John Hancock do before he signed the Declaration of Independence? A LOT! here ya go John Hancock's pivotal signature on the Declaration of Independence represented both his personal feelings of rebellion against the British as wel …Rob Graves 72,083 Contributions When did John Hancock sign the Declaration of Independence? John Hancock signed both versions of the Declaration of Independence. He signed the first one on July 4, 1776. That was the version that no other delegates signed. Then he sig …Greg S 18,409 Contributions Why did john Hancock sign the declaration of independence in large letters?"
},
{
"docid": "D3065079#0",
"title": "https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/hist-1301-study-guide-2011-12-mccoy/deck/9727394\nHist 1301 Study Guide (2011-12 Mccoy)",
"text": "\"Battle of Saratoga Turning point, brought France into the war Battle of Saratogaa battle during the American Revolution (1777); the British under Burgoyne were defeated Battle of Saratoga October 17, 1777 at Saratoga, New York Major defeat of British general John Burgoyne Over 5,000 troops defeated Battle of Saratoga? American Victorythis was the turning point of the war, where all american allies decided to joinarticles of conferderation were made Battle of Saratoga Sept 19- Oct 1777 battle during the American Revolution (1777); the British under Burgoyne were defeated Battle of Saratogaplay out the 3-prong attack only Burgoyn sticks to plan, too many patriots to fight Battle at Saratoga Battle of Yorktown Battle of Yorktown Battle of Yorktown Battle of Yorktown Battle at Yorktown Stamp Act Stamp Act The Stamp Act What was the Stamp Act? What did the Stamp Act do? Stamp Actstamp act American Revenue Act (Suger Act)Boston Massacre The Boston Massacre Boston Massacre Boston Massacre Boston Tea Party The Boston Tea Party What was the Boston Tea Party? Boston Tea Party Boston Tea Party“shot heard round the world”The Shot Heard Around The World Seven Years’ War Lexington and Concord Lexington and Concord Lexington and Concord? Lexington and Concord Loyalists Loyalists Loyalist Declaration of Independence Declaration Of Independence The Declaration of Independence What was the Declaration of Independence? Declaration of Independence Declaration of Independence Declaration of Independence Marquis de Lafayette Marquis de Lafayette Marquis de Lafayette Constitution of the United Statesthe Navigation Acts 1650-1775Mercantilism Mercantilism is... Mercantilism Treaty of Paris 1783 (Five...)Treaty of Paris (1783)Treaty of Paris of 1783Treaty of Paris 1783Dominion of New England 1686Writs of Assistance Writs of Assistance Committee of Correspondence James Otis James Otis Patrick Henry Patrick Henrypatrick henry Patrick Henry Friedrich Wilhelm Von Steubenthe Olive Branch Petition 1775Paul Revere Paul Revere Paul Revere Paul Revere Paul Revere Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking up Arms 1775The _________ __________ was fought between Great Britain (England) and the thirteen colonies. The first colonist were under ________ rule. The colonist needed Englands _____ and ______. As the colonies grew, however, they wanted the freedom to make their own ________."
},
{
"docid": "D1923183#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/46836817/government-ch2-flash-cards/\nGovernment Ch.2",
"text": "\"55 terms bitbitnicole Government Ch.2Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort What delayed the inauguration of the new government under the Constitution? Congress lacked a quorum, so it could not finish counting the votes for President. The Virginia and New Jersey plans disagreed about State representation in Congress Where did George Washington take the oath of office as the first President of the United States? New York City Once the weaknesses of the Articles became clear, which group led the call for a stronger, more effective national government? merchants, traders, property owners The delegates to the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 originally met to Revise the Articles of Confederation Which was a compromise between the northern and southern states at the Constitutional Convention? To tax imports not exports In which state did ratification win only by a small margin after a long struggle? Virginia What event marked the official inauguration of the new government under the Constitution? George Washington becoming president Which leader is known as \"\"The Father of the Constitution\"\"?"
},
{
"docid": "D1580604#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_did_texas_declare_independence_from_mexico\nWhy did Texas declare independence from Mexico?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Travel & Places Countries, States, and Cities United States of America Texas Why did Texas declare independence from Mexico? Flag Why did Texas declare independence from Mexico? Answer by Tay.muck Confidence votes 314Texas was previously under the power of Mexico's dictator, Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. the Texonians already wanted to be free from Mexico, but what sealed the deal was the settlers in America wanting to expand their land, leaving Texas with the hope of being accepted by America as one of their states. even though Andrew Jackson (Americas president at the time) didn't want to annex Texas because of the chances of firing up any more conflicts between Mexico and America, the people of the US urged Texas to become independent so that it COULD be annexed to the united states.4 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Mediatech 14,908 Contributions When did Texas declare independence from Mexico? The Texas Declaration of Independence was signed on March 3, 1836. Where did Texas declared independence from Mexico?\\n The Alamo in San Antonio Why did Texas declare its independence from Mexico? Texas declare independence from Mexico because they need to speak a different language, prohibited slavey, and practice a different religion Juarritos51 35 Contributions Why did Texas declare their independence from Mexico? They declared their independence because they were no longer satisfied with the original settlement agreement they had made with the Government of Mexico and they expected sup …What Year Did Texas Declare Independent From Mexico?\\n1836When did Texas declare its independence from Mexico?1821Jeremiah101 936 Contributions Texas declared its independence from Mexico at?"
},
{
"docid": "D913711#0",
"title": "http://nations.wikia.com/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence\nUnited States Declaration of Independence",
"text": "\"United States Declaration of Independence1823 facsimile of the engrossed copy Created June–July 1776Ratified July 4, 1776Location Engrossed copy: National Archives Rough draft: Library of Congress Authors Thomas Jefferson et al. Signers 56 delegates to the Continental Congress Purpose To announce and explain separation from Great Britain [1]The United States Declaration of Independence is a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britain were now independent states, and thus no longer a part of the British Empire. Written primarily by Thomas Jefferson, the Declaration is a formal explanation of why Congress had voted on July 2 to declare independence from Great Britain, more than a year after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. The birthday of the United States of America — Independence Day —is celebrated on July 4, the day the wording of the Declaration was approved by Congress. After finalizing the text on July 4, Congress issued the Declaration of Independence in several forms. It was initially published as a printed broadside that was widely distributed and read to the public. The most famous version of the Declaration, a signed copy that is usually regarded as the Declaration of Independence, is on display at the National Archives in Washington, D. C. Although the wording of the Declaration was approved on July 4, the date of its actual signing is disputed by historians, most accepting a theory that it was signed nearly a month after its adoption, on August 2, 1776, and not on July 4 as is commonly believed. The sources and interpretation of the Declaration have been the subject of much scholarly inquiry. The Declaration justified the independence of the United States by listing colonial grievances against King George III, and by asserting certain natural rights, including a right of revolution. Having served its original purpose in announcing independence, the text of the Declaration was initially ignored after the American Revolution."
},
{
"docid": "D1611510#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/1964998/texas-history-chapter-11-flash-cards/\nTexas History Chapter 11",
"text": "\"114 terms Vic Mc KTexas History Chapter 11Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Who was the President of Mexico? Santa Anna Why did the Texas Settlers dislike Pres. Santa Anna? He refused to follow the Constitution of 1824What did the flag say on the cannon at Gonzales? COME AND TAKE ITWhen did the Texas settler's attack the Mexican army? October 2, 1835Who died at the Battle of Gonzales? one Mexican soldier Why is the Battle of Gonzales important? It is the start of the war between Mexico and Texas settlers Where did the Mexican army retreat after the Battle of Gonzales? San Antonio Who ordered more troops to Texas to stop the rebellion or fighting? General Cos, Martin Perfecto de Cos Who commanded the TX settlers when the captured the fort (garrison) at Goliad?"
}
] |
619985
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what did the declaration of rights of man and citizen do
|
[
{
"docid": "D637013#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080114143348AA37bpo\nWhy did France need the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?",
"text": "\"Arts & Humanities History Why did France need the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen? I need to know y France needed the Declaration of the Right of Man and Citizen... I already looked in my textbook for something about it but it didn't say anything. Could you help me? Thanx to anyone who tried/helped!Follow 2 answers Answers Best Answer: it was part of the events that led up to the French Revolution. Ultimately, the French Revolution had changed France from a monarchy to a republic. Because of the act, it eventually led to other surrounding countries to become a republic too. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen was for the \"\"natural and imprescriptible rights of man\"\" to \"\"liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression.\"\" meaning: it went to \"\"proclaim freedom and equal rights for all men, access to public office based on talent, and an end to exemptions from taxation. All citizens were to have the right to take part in the making of laws. Freedom of speech and the press were also affirmed. \"\""
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D2030338#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/18771330/french-revolution-and-napoleon-flash-cards/\nFrench Revolution and Napoleon",
"text": "\"97 terms chewbakka646French Revolution and Napoleon Prentice Hall WORLD HISTORY: Connections to Today (Chapter 6)Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Louis XVI King of France from 1774 to 1792. He was weak and indecisive. His failure to grant reforms led to the outbreak of the French Revolution and ultimately his demise when he was beheaded after being put on trial for treason. Jacques Necker Financial expert of Louis XVI, he advised Louis to reduce court spending, reform his government, abolish tariffs on internal trade, but the First and Second Estates got him fired when he suggested they pay taxes. Bourgeoisie Educated, middle class of France; provided force behind the Revolution. Cahiers List of grievances drawn up by delegates going to the meeting of the estates general National Assembly Delegates of the Third Estate at the Estates General who bonded together to draw up a constitution for France. Storming of the Bastille The BEGINNING of the French Revolution. People saw it as a blow to tyranny, a step towards freedom. July 14, 1789 Bastille Day (French Independence Day)ancien regime The old, unfair social structure in France First Estate Made up of the clergy, constituted for less than 1% of the French population, but owned over 10% of land in the country. Not required to pay any taxes."
},
{
"docid": "D3255260#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/29136756/social-studies-lesson-38-the-roman-republic-flash-cards/\nSocial Studies Lesson 38 The Roman Republic",
"text": "32 terms hannahkunstman Social Studies Lesson 38 The Roman Republic Social Studies Lesson 38 The Roman Republic Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sortdictator In ancient Rome, a person who ruled with complete power temporarily during emergencies. * During the days of the ancient Roman Republic, a dictator was an actual title of a magistrate appointed by the Senate.praetor A title granted by the government of Ancient Rome to men acting in one of two official capacities: the commander of an army or an elected magistrate. * The exact duties of the Praetor changes as the Roman Republic evolved.veto The rejection of a bill. * The reason why Rome's government elected two consuls every year was so that one could have the right to veto, or reject, a bill.consul One of the two top government officials in Ancient Rome. * During the Roman Republic, a consul was the highest elected political office in which a person served as a civil or military magistrate.plebeian A member of the common people in ancient Rome. * Around the time of the foundation of the Roman Republic, the plebeians were excluded from religious colleges and magistracies.patrician A wealthy land owner and member of the ruling class in ancient Rome. * During the height of the Roman empire patrician referred to the elite or upper class but the term became a specific title given to the high court officials during the time of the late Roman Empire. The Roman Republic Objectives •Explain why Rome's republic was shaped by a struggle between wealthy landowners and regular citizens as it gradually expanded the right to vote •Describe how Rome slowly destroyed the Carthaginian Empire and took control of the entire Mediterranean region Rome's Government •Early Romans divided into two classes -patricians *the rich class -plebeians *all of the others and they made the most of it **They were all citizens: -vote, pay taxes, serve in the army..... but they were not equal -couldn't marry out of their class Rome's Government •How did Rome's government work?"
},
{
"docid": "D1013475#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/101666246/government-accelerated-inst-flash-cards/\nGovernment Accelerated Inst.",
"text": "\"167 terms airbear1998Government Accelerated Inst. Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Writing a state constitution is an example of an implied power. a reserved power. a concurrent power. an expressed power. a reserved power. According to Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution, each state representative must have been living in the United States for one's entire life. citizenship in one of the fifty American states. reached a minimum age of twenty-five years old. at least a four-year degree from an accredited university reached a minimum age of twenty-five years old."
},
{
"docid": "D2957814#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_Declaration_of_Independence_say\nWhat does the Declaration of Independence say about god?",
"text": "\"Mark Steven Brown 2 Contributions What does the Declaration of Independence say about god? It refers to the \"\"Creator\"\", \"\"Nature's God\"\", the \"\"Supreme Judge of the world\"\", refers to us as \"\"created\"\" and notes our \"\"reliance on the protection of Divine Providence\"\". The declaration of independence says? Answer . When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume amon …What did the declaration of independence say about king george III?they were basically pissed off about king george taxing them to death and blocking off trade with other countries. King George ruling them and abusing his power. Samjz99 369 Contributions What dose the Declaration of Independence say? The Declaration of Independence formally notified King George IV (the 3rd) of the Patriot's intentions. It had 3 main ideas: 1.) Jefferson wrote that all men possess unalien …What does the Preamble to the Declaration of Independence say?"
},
{
"docid": "D302925#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rights\nRights",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Right\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Right (disambiguation). Rights Theoretical distinctions Claim rights and liberty rights Individual and group rights Natural and legal rights Negative and positive rights Human rights Civil and political Economic, social and cultural Three generations Rights by beneficiary Animals Authors Children Consumers Creditors Elders Fathers Fetuses Gun owners Humans Natives Intersex Kings LGBT Men Minorities Mothers Patients Plants Prisoners Students Victims Women Workers Youth Disabled persons Other groups of rights Civil liberties Digital Linguistic Property Reproductive Self-determination of people Water and sanitationv t e Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people, according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory. [ 1] Rights are of essential importance in such disciplines as law and ethics, especially theories of justice and deontology. Rights are often considered fundamental to civilization, for they are regarded as established pillars of society and culture, [2] and the history of social conflicts can be found in the history of each right and its development. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, \"\"rights structure the form of governments, the content of laws, and the shape of morality as it is currently perceived\"\". [ 1]Contents [ hide ]1 Definitional issues1.1 Natural versus legal1.2 Claim versus liberty1.3 Positive versus negative1.4 Individual versus group1.5 Other senses2 Politics3 Philosophy3.1 Criticism4 Etymology5 History6 See also7 References8 External links Definitional issues [ edit]Rights are widely regarded as the basis of law, but what if laws are bad? Some theorists suggest civil disobedience is, itself, a right, and it was advocated by thinkers such as Henry David Thoreau, Martin Luther King Jr., and Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. There is considerable disagreement about what is meant precisely by the term rights. It has been used by different groups and thinkers for different purposes, with different and sometimes opposing definitions, and the precise definition of this principle, beyond having something to do with normative rules of some sort or another, is controversial."
},
{
"docid": "D1481793#0",
"title": "http://www.drbronsontours.com/PGslaveryfederallawsregardingslavery.html\n.",
"text": "\"There are two paths for Federal laws regarding slavery: 1. fugitive slaves 2. free African Americans. These issues intertwine themselves in the early years of the Republic. Slavery is viewed as a local (state) issue so that the U. S. Constitution only mentions slavery indirectly. The Constitution had no power to regulate or control slavery as a state institution. The Declaration of Independence\"\"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. \"\" Articles of the Confederation The Articles of the Confederation were adopted in 1781. The document said nothing about slavery. The power to regulate slavery was with the new states."
},
{
"docid": "D3323419#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_property\nRight to property",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search The right to property or right to own property (cf. ownership) is often classified as a human right for natural persons regarding their possessions. A general recognition of a right to private property is found more rarely and is typically heavily constrained insofar as property is owned by legal persons (i.e. corporations) and where it is used for production rather than consumption. [ 1]A right to property is recognised in Article 17 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, but it is not recognised in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights or the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. [ 2] The European Convention on Human Rights, in Protocol 1, article 1 acknowledges a right for natural and legal persons to \"\"peaceful enjoyment of his possessions\"\", subject to the \"\"general interest or to secure the payment of taxes\"\". Contents [ hide ]1 Definition1.1 Africa1.2 Americas1.3 Europe1.4 International conventions2 Relationship to other rights3 History3.1 English Civil War3.2 John Locke and the American and French Revolutions4 See also5 Notes6 References7 External links Definition [ edit]The right to property is one of the most controversial human rights, both in terms of its existence and interpretation. The controversy about the definition of the right meant that it was not included in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights or the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. [ 3] Controversy centres upon who is deemed to have property rights protected (e.g. human beings or also corporations), the type of property which is protected (property used for the purpose of consumption or production) and the reasons for which property can be restricted (for instance, for regulations, taxation or nationalisation in the public interest). In all human rights instruments, either implicit or express restrictions exist on the extent to which property is protected. Article 17 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) enshrines the right to property as follows:“ (1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others. ("
},
{
"docid": "D4449#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_human_rights\nPhilosophy of human rights",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search The philosophy of human rights attempts to examine the underlying basis of the concept of human rights and critically looks at its content and justification. Several theoretical approaches have been advanced to explain how and why the concept of human rights developed. One of the oldest Western philosophies on human rights is that they are a product of a natural law, stemming from different philosophical or religious grounds. Other theories hold that human rights codify moral behavior which is a human social product developed by a process of biological and social evolution (associated with Hume ). Human rights are also described as a sociological pattern of rule setting (as in the sociological theory of law and the work of Weber ). These approaches include the notion that individuals in a society accept rules from legitimate authority in exchange for security and economic advantage (as in Rawls) – a social contract. The two theories that dominate contemporary human rights discussion are the interest theory and the will theory. Interest theory argues that the principal function of human rights is to protect and promote certain essential human interests, while will theory attempts to establish the validity of human rights based on the unique human capacity for freedom. [ 1]Contents [ hide ]1 Natural rights2 Social contract3 Reciprocity4 Soviet concept of human rights5 Other theories of human rights6 Critiques of human rights6.1 Edmund Burke on natural rights6.2 Jeremy Bentham on natural rights6.3 Marxist Critique of human rights6.4 Alasdair Mac Intyre on human rights7 Theory of value and property8 References Natural rights [ edit]Main articles: Natural law and Natural right Natural law theories base human rights on a \"\"natural\"\" moral, religious or even biological order that is independent of transitory human laws or traditions. Socrates and his philosophic heirs, Plato and Aristotle, posited the existence of natural justice or natural right (δίκαιον φυσικόν dikaion physikon; Latin ius naturale )."
},
{
"docid": "D1959948#0",
"title": "http://www.cmhpf.org/educationcivilrights.htm\n.",
"text": "\"The Civil Rights Revolution In Mecklenburg County Dr. Dan L. Morrill An African American stands in front of the monument commemorating the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence. Jim Crow and the declaration's promise were irreconcilable. The significance of the creation of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte , the concurrent rise of female influence on local elected governmental bodies, and the enactment of district representation notwithstanding, it was the persistent struggle of African Americans to gain the full rights of citizenship that occupied center stage in Charlotte-Mecklenburg during the years of social transformation that followed World War Two. The black veterans who returned to Charlotte in 1945 found the rules of racial segregation demeaning and repugnant. \"\" It was very upsetting to realize you have given precious time of your life for supposed freedom in a country that was still segregated,\"\" said Charlottean Gerson Stroud . Raymond Rorie , a school principal, agreed. \"\" This was one of the problems we black soldiers faced,\"\" he declared. \"\" We were protecting our country when we didn't have freedom ourselves.\"\" Jim Crow was about to enter its last days in Charlotte-Mecklenburg. There were three main players in this compelling drama -- two blacks and one white."
},
{
"docid": "D1869749#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/84400369/us-history-semester-1-flash-cards/\nUS History- semester 1",
"text": "\"208 terms camilanicole US History- semester 1Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Who did Lord Baltimore want Maryland to be a refuge for? Catholics What finally made Jamestown a successful colony? the cultivation of tobacco In what year was the Jamestown colony founded? 1607What was one of the reasons the Jamestown colonists did so poorly at first? instead of putting their energy into farming, they wasted time looking for gold What was the House of Burgesses? Virginia's legislative assembly of elected representatives What was a direct democracy? all of the people make the laws rather than elected representatives What was a royal colony? a colony under the direct control of the English monarchs Which colony started out as a commercial venture in 1607 but became a royal colony in 1624?"
},
{
"docid": "D2127140#0",
"title": "http://www.bartleby.com/251/1001.html\n.",
"text": "[The following speech was delivered at Springfield, Ill., at the close of the Republican State Convention held at that time and place, and by which Convention Mr. L INCOLN had been named as their candidate for United States Senator. Mr. D OUGLAS was not present.] 1M R. P RESIDENT AND G ENTLEMEN OF THE C ONVENTION: If we could first know where we are, and whither we are tending, we could better judge what to do, and how to do it. We are now far into the fifth year since a policy was initiated with the avowed object and confident promise of putting an end to slavery agitation. Under the operation of that policy, that agitation has not only not ceased, but has constantly augmented. In my opinion, it will not cease until a crisis shall have been reached and passed. “ A house divided against itself cannot stand.” I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved; I do not expect the house to fall; but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other."
},
{
"docid": "D1812282#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Woman_and_the_Female_Citizen\nDeclaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen)navigation search First page of Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen (French: Déclaration des droits de la femme et de la citoyenne ), also known as the Declaration of the Rights of Woman, was written on 5 September in 1791 by French activist, feminist, and playwright Olympe de Gouges in response to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. By publishing this document, de Gouges hoped to expose the failures of the French Revolution in the recognition of sexual equality, but failed to create any lasting impact on the direction of the Revolution. As a result of her writings (including The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen ), de Gouges was accused, tried and convicted of treason, resulting in her immediate execution, along with the Girondists in the Reign of Terror (one of only three women beheaded during the Reign of Terror - and the only executed for her political writings). While The Declaration of the Rights of Woman should not, by any means, be considered a manifesto of the women's movement of the late eighteenth century, it is significant because it brought attention to a set of feminist concerns that collectively reflected and influenced the aims of many French Revolution activists. Contents [ hide ]1 Historical context1.1 Previous Attempts at Equality1.2 The politics of Gouges2 The Declaration2.1 Call to Action2.2 Preamble to the Declaration2.3 Articles of the Declaration2.3.1 Article I2.3.2 Article II and Article III2.3.3 Article IV2.3.4 Article V2.3.5 Article VI2.3.6 Article V through Article IX2.3.7 Article X2.3.8 Article XI2.3.9 Article XII2.3.10 Article XIII through Article XVI2.3.11 Article XVII2.4 Postscript to the Declaration3 Reactions to the Declaration3.1 Reactions in Other Countries3.1.1 United Kingdom3.1.2 United States of America4 Analysis5 See also6 References7 External links Historical context [ edit]Previous Attempts at Equality [ edit]The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was adopted in 1789 by the National Constituent Assembly ( Assemblée nationale constituante ), during the height of the French Revolution. Prepared and proposed by the marquis de Lafayette, the declaration asserted that all men \"\"are born and remain free and equal in rights\"\" and that these rights were universal. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen became a key human rights document and a classic formulation of the rights of individuals vis-a-vis the state. [ 1] The Declaration exposed inconsistencies of laws that treated citizens differently on the basis of sex, race, class, or religion. [ 2] In 1791, new articles were added to the French constitution which extended civil and political rights to Protestants and Jews, who had previously been persecuted in France. [ 1]In 1790, Nicolas de Condorcet and Etta Palm d'Aelders unsuccessfully called on the National Assembly to extend civil and political rights to women. ["
},
{
"docid": "D3326447#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/4345495/french-revolution-flash-cards/\nFrench Revolution",
"text": "\"57 terms kasher French Revolution Review events from the Estate General to the beginning of the French Republic Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort First Estate The first class of French society made up of the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church., made up of clergy less than 1 % of France's population, 2 percent income to government owned 10 percent of land scorned enlightenment ideas Second Estate 2% of population, rich nobles, owned 20-25% of land, no taxes-hated enlightenment Third Estate 97% of the population (the rest of France) They consisted of the bourgeoisie, the san-culottes and the peasants; they paid high taxes and had no special privileges Bourgeoisie The middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional peoplesan-culottes Working class men and women who pushed the revolution into more radical action. They wore long trousers instead of fancy knee breeches that upper class men wore. Ancien Régime the term used to refer to France and its government before the Revolution; also \"\"the Old Regime\"\"Louis XVI King of France (1774-1792). In 1789 he summoned the Estates-General, but he did not grant the reforms that were demanded and revolution followed. He and his queen, Marie Antoinette, were executed in 1793. Estate General The French parliment/ composed of the representatives from the three estates of french society/ troubled with voting--1st and 2nd estates could outvote 3rd May 5, 1789 First meeting of the estates general since 1654June 17, 1789 Third estate declares itself the National Assembly. Tennis Court Oath Declaration mainly by members of the Third Estate not to disband until they had drafted a constitution for France (June 20, 1789)."
},
{
"docid": "D1059652#0",
"title": "http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/speech-on-the-repeal-of-the-missouri-compromise/\nSpeech on the Repeal of the Missouri Compromise",
"text": "Full Document Summary Related Documents Peoria, Illinois The repeal of the Missouri Compromise, and the propriety of its restoration, constitute the subject of what I am about to say. As I desire to present my own connected view of this subject, my remarks will not be, specifically, an answer to Judge Douglas; yet, as I proceed, the main points he has presented will arise, and will receive such respectful attention as I may be able to give them. I wish further to say, that I do not propose to question the patriotism, or to assail the motives of any man, or class of men; but rather to strictly confine myself to the naked merits of the question. I also wish to be no less than National in all the positions I may take; and whenever I take ground which others have thought, or may think, narrow, sectional, and dangerous to the Union, I hope to give a reason, which will appear sufficient, at least to some, why I think differently. And, as this subject is no other, than part and parcel of the larger general question of domestic-slavery, I wish to MAKE and to KEEP the distinction between the EXISTING institution, and the EXTENSION of it, so broad, and so clear, that no honest man can misunderstand me, and no dishonest one, successfully misrepresent me. In order to [get?] a clear understanding of what the Missouri Compromise is, a short history of the preceding kindred subjects will perhaps be proper. When we established our independence, we did not own, or claim, the country to which this compromise applies. Indeed, strictly speaking, the confederacy then owned no country at all; the States respectively owned the country within their limits; and some of them owned territory beyond their strict State limits. Virginia thus owned the North-Western territory — the country out of which the principal part of Ohio, all Indiana, all Illinois, all Michigan and all Wisconsin, have since been formed."
},
{
"docid": "D2407806#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_did_The_Declaration_of_Independence_influence_the_Bill_of_Rights\nHow did The Declaration of Independence influence the Bill of Rights?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Literature & Language Languages and Cultures English Language Definitions Comparisons Similarities Between How did The Declaration of Independence influence the Bill of Rights? Flag How did The Declaration of Independence influence the Bill of Rights? Answer by Mark Swarthout Confidence votes 119KContract attorney. When not working I teach karate, collect stamps, write books, and play the ukulele. The Declaration of Independence stated that \"\"all men are by nature equally free and independent, and have certain inherent rights . . . namely, the enjoyment of life and liberty, with the means of acquiring and possessing property, and pursuing and obtaining happiness and safety.\"\" The Bill of Rights was an attempt to name and quantify those important rights, making it more clear and giving the citizens a better understanding of what that meant. Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Jade Is Not Edible 1,266 Contributions Is the bill of rights part of the Declaration of Independence? No, it is part of the US Constitution."
},
{
"docid": "D1363529#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/What-did-the-Declaration-of-Independence-declare\nWhat did the Declaration of Independence declare?",
"text": "\"Declaration of Independence of the United States Independence History of the United States of America History What did the Declaration of Independence declare?2 Answers Avraham Z. Isseroff, Have taught Civil War history for several year. Created a presidential game. Answered Jul 9, 2016 · Author has 300 answers and 316.7k answer views This is a terrific question. It encompasses within it a chunk of relevant American history for every generation. Prior to Lincoln's Gettysburg Address what was declared in the Declaration was found at its end: \"\"We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved\"\". In his debates with Stephen Douglas and finally proclaimed in his Gettysburg Address was that the declaration was at the beginning. \"\" We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,\"\"By this Lincoln meant all (Men)\\U0001f614. Douglas denied that it included Blacks. \"\" Lincoln maintains there that the ← Declaration → of Independence asserts that the negro is equal to the white man, and that under Divine law, and if he believes so it was rational for him to advocate negro citizenship, which, when allowed, puts the negro on an equality under the law. ( No negro equality for us; down with Lincoln.)"
},
{
"docid": "D1144296#0",
"title": "http://www.finegamedesign.com/politics/minorityrights_unedited.htm\nThe Bill of Minority Rights",
"text": "\"The Bill of Minority Rights The Top Ten New Amendments to the US Constitution to Advance Democracy David Ethan Kennerly. 21 May 2004. When is it moral for a group to do what is immoral for any member to do? ( Robert Heinlein paraphrase, The Moon is a Harsh Mistress)Democracy is not just an abstract concept. Democracy affects the quality of life for hundreds of millions of Americans. The US Constitution has been the founding document to protect US citizens from the US government. Its first ten amendments directly stated that purpose. Yet two hundred years later, many question to what extent the US is a democracy. If the first ten amendments asserted individual rights in the face of a majority, let us consider ten new amendments, ranked order of their advancement of democracy:10. Right to Redress.9."
},
{
"docid": "D2102461#0",
"title": "http://www.lehrmaninstitute.org/history/BillofRights.html\n.",
"text": "\"Bill of Rights Table of Contents The Background The Opposition Rallies James Madison’s Change of Heart Introduction to Congress Madison's Speech Enactment and Ratification Aftermath The Background On June 28, 1787, during the debate at the Constitution at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, Connecticut delegate Roger Sherman asserted: “The question is not what rights naturally belong to men; but how they may be most equally & effectually guarded in Society. And if some give up more than others in order to attain this end, there can be no room for complaint. To do otherwise, to require an equal concession from all, if it would create danger to the rights of some, would be sacrificing the end to the means. The rich man who enters into Society along with the poor man, gives up more than the poor man, yet with an equal vote he is equally safe.” Although c Sherman was a firm proponent of national rights, he did not believe it was necessary to include a bill of rights in the Constitution – even if the American Revolution had been fought because of a long train of abuses of human rights by the British government. Although the delegates to the Constitutional Convention were concerned about rights, they were not the primary focus of their work. They did not consider it necessary to include a list of protected rights in the document they were writing. The Founders were children of the doctrine of natural rights. Robert Allen Rutland wrote: “Bill of rights were the ‘higher law’ of the eighteenth century, and they were created to be an instrument of service for every citizen. Christopher Gadsden reflected a common opinion when he wrote on the subject: ‘For it is essential to a Republic to have its Laws plain and simple, as far as possible, and known to every member of the least attention.’”"
},
{
"docid": "D3466713#0",
"title": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen\nDeclaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen",
"text": "\"Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. It uses the style of the Ten Commandments. Wikisource has original writing related to this article: Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen ( French: La Déclaration des droits de l'Homme et du citoyen) is one of the most important papers of the French Revolution. This paper explains a list of rights, such as freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly and separation of powers. All men have these rights. It also talks about some rights many people have together. This paper was written using some of the ideas of natural rights, these rights are for all men: they are supposed to be valid in all times and places. They are said to be rights of human nature. The last idea of the Declaration was accepted on 26 August 1789, [1] by the National Constituent Assembly ( Assemblée nationale constituante ).. It was a very important first thing to do before the people could write a constitution. The paper explained these basic rights, not only for French people but for all men without exception, it did not say anything about the rights or role of women."
},
{
"docid": "D461989#0",
"title": "http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/163/537.html\nPLESSY v. FERGUSON",
"text": "Find Law Caselaw United States US Supreme Court PLESSY v. FERGUSONPLESSY v. FERGUSONReset AAFont size: Print United States Supreme Court PLESSY v. FERGUSON, (1896)No. 210Argued: Decided: May 18, 1896That petitioner was a citizen of the United States and a resident of the state of Louisiana, of mixed descent, in the proportion of seven-e ghths Caucasian and one-eighth African blood; that the mixture of colored blood was not discernible in him, and that he was entitled to every recognition, right, privilege, and immunity secured to the citizens of the United States of the white race by its constitution and laws; that on June 7, 1892, he engaged and paid for a first-class passage on the East Louisiana Railway, from New Orleans to Covington, in the same state, and thereupon entered a passenger train, and took possession of a vacant seat in a coach where passengers of the white race were accommodated; that such railroad company was incorporated by the laws of Louisiana as a common carrier, and was not authorized to distinguish between citizens according to their race, but, notwithstanding this, petitioner was required by the conductor, under penalty of ejection from said train and imprisonment, to vacate said coach, and occupy another seat, in a coach assigned by said company for persons not of the white race, and for no other reason than that petitioner was of the colored race; that, upon petitioner's refusal to comply with such order, he was, with the aid of a police officer, forcibly ejected from said coach, and hurried off to, and imprisoned in, the parish jail of [163 U. S. 537, 539] New Orleans, and there held to answer a charge made by such officer to the effect that he was guilty of having criminally violated an act of the general assembly of the state, approved July 10, 1890, in such case made and provided. The petitioner was subsequently brought before the recorder of the city for preliminary examination, and committed for trial to the criminal district court for the parish of Orleans, where an information was filed against him in the matter above set forth, for a violation of the above act, which act the petitioner affirmed to be null and void, because in conflict with the constitution of the United States; that petitioner interposed a plea to such information, based upon the unconstitutionality of the act of the general assembly, to which the district attorney, on behalf of the state, filed a demurrer; that, upon issue being joined upon such demurrer and plea, the court sustained the demurrer, overruled the plea, and ordered petitioner to plead over to the facts set forth in the information, and that, unless the judge of the said court be enjoined by a writ of prohibition from further proceeding in such case, the court will proceed to fine and sentence petitioner to imprisonment, and thus deprive him of his constitutional rights set forth in his said plea, notwithstanding the unconstitutionality of the act under which he was being prosecuted; that no appeal lay from such sentence, and petitioner was without relief or remedy except by writs of prohibition and certiorari. Copies of the information and other proceedings in the criminal district court were annexed to the petition as an exhibit. Upon the filing of this petition, an order was issued upon the respondent to show cause why a writ of prohibition should not issue, and be made perpetual, and a further order that the record of the proceedings had in the criminal cause be certified and transmitted to the supreme court. To this order the respondent made answer, transmitting a certified copy of the proceedings, asserting the constitutionality of the law, and averring that, instead of pleading or admitting that he belonged to the colored race, the said Plessy declined and refused, either by pleading or otherwise, to ad- [163 U. S. 537, 540] mit that he was in any sense or in any proportion a colored man. The case coming on for hearing before the supreme court, that court was of opinion that the law under which the prosecution was had was constitutional and denied the relief prayed for by the petitioner (Ex parte Plessy, 45 La. Ann. 80, 11 South. 948); whereupon petitioner prayed for a writ of error from this court, which was allowed by the chief justice of the supreme court of Louisiana. Mr. Justice Harlan dissenting."
}
] |
619996
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what did the doolittle raid on tokyo accomplish
|
[
{
"docid": "D21537#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doolittle_Raid\nDoolittle Raid",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Doolittle Raid Part of the Pacific War of World War IIA B-25 taking off from USS Hornet (CV-8) for the raid Date Saturday, April 18, 1942Location Greater Tokyo Area, Japan Result US propaganda victory; US and allies morale improved Minor physical damages, significant psychological effects Belligerents United States China [1] [2]Japan Commanders and leaders James H. Doolittle Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni Strength16 B-25 Mitchell medium bombers80 airmen (52 officers, 28 enlisted)2 aircraft carriers 4 cruisers8 destroyers Unknown number of Kawasaki Ki-61 Hien fighters and anti-aircraft artillery [3]Casualties and losses3 dead 8 POWs (4 lived to be rescued and 4 died in captivity: 3 executed, 1 by disease) 15 B-25s 1 interned in the Soviet Union About 50 dead, 400 injured (including civilians)5 sailors captured5 patrol boats sunk At least 3 aircraft shot down One nearly converted aircraft carrier damagedv t e Pacific War Central Pacific Hawaii Marshalls-Gilberts raids Doolittle Raid Coral Sea Midway RY Solomons Gilberts & Marshalls Marianas & Palau Volcano & Ryukyu Truk Southeast Asia Indochina (1940) Indian Ocean (1940–45)Philippines 1941–42 Franco-Thai War Thailand Dutch East Indies Malaya Hong Kong Singapore Indochina (1945) Malacca Strait Jurist Tiderace Zipper Strategic bombing (1944–45)Burma Burma (1941–42) Burma (1942–43) Burma (1944)Burma (1944–45)Southwest Pacific Dutch East Indies 1941–42 Portuguese Timor Australia New Guinea Philippines 1944–45Borneo 1945North America Attack on Pearl Harbor Ellwood K Aleutian Islands Estevan Point Lighthouse Fort Stevens Lookout Air Raids Fire balloon Project Hula PXJapan Air raids Mariana Islands Volcano & Ryukyu Is Tokyo Starvation Naval bombardments Yokosuka Sagami Bay Kure Downfall Hiroshima & Nagasaki Kurils Karafuto Japanese surrender Manchuria Kantokuen Manchuria (1945) Mutanchiang Sakhalin Island Kuril Islands Shumshu Second Sino-Japanese War Crew No. 1 in front of B-25#40-2344 on the deck of Hornet, 18 April 1942. From left to right: (front row) Lt. Col. Doolittle, pilot; Lt. Richard E. Cole, copilot; (back row) Lt. Henry A. Potter, navigator; SSgt. Fred A. Braemer, bombardier; SSgt. Paul J. Leonard, flight engineer/gunner. ( U. S. Air Force photo)The Doolittle Raid, also known as the Tokyo Raid, on Saturday, April 18, 1942, was an air raid by the United States on the Japanese capital Tokyo and other places on the island of Honshu during World War II, the first air operation to strike the Japanese Home Islands."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D2265507#0",
"title": "https://www.thoughtco.com/uss-enterprise-cv-6-2361543\nWorld War II: USS Enterprise (Cv-6) and Its Role in Pearl Harbor",
"text": "\"Humanities ›History & Culture World War II: USS Enterprise (Cv-6) and Its Role in Pearl Harbor This American aircraft carrier earned 20 battle stars Share Flipboard Email Print USS Enterprise (CV-6) during World War II. Photograph Courtesy of the US Naval History & Heritage Commandby Kennedy Hickman Updated February 21, 2018The USS Enterprise (CV-6) was an American aircraft carrier during World War II that earned 20 battle stars and the Presidential Unit Citation. Construction In the period after World War I, the US Navy began experimenting with different designs for aircraft carriers. A new class of warship, its first aircraft carrier, USS Langley (CV-1), was built from a converted collier and utilized a flush deck design (no island). This initial vessel was followed by USS Lexington (CV-2) and USS Saratoga (CV-3) which were constructed using large hulls that had been intended for battlecruisers. Sizable carriers, these vessels had air groups numbering around 80 aircraft and large islands. Late in the 1920s, design work moved forward on the US Navy's first purpose-built carrier, USS Ranger (CV-4). Though less than half the displacement of Lexington and Saratoga, Ranger 's more efficient use of space allowed it to carry a similar number of aircraft. As these early carriers commenced service, the US Navy and the Naval War College conducted several tests and war games through which they hoped to determine the ideal carrier design. These studies concluded that speed and torpedo protection were of significant importance and that a large air group was necessary as it provided greater operational flexibility."
},
{
"docid": "D2376654#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_Tokyo\nBombing of Tokyo",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Bombing of Tokyo Part of the Pacific War Tokyo burns under B-29 firebomb assault, 26 May 1945Date 1942, 1944–1945Location Tokyo, Japan Result 75,000–200,000 civilian deaths; roughly 1,000,000 displaced Belligerents United States Japan [ show]v t e Japan campaign The Bombing of Tokyo ( 東京大空襲 Tōkyōdaikūshū) often refers to a series of firebombing air raids by the United States Army Air Forces during the Pacific campaigns of World War II. On the night of 9–10 March 1945, Operation Meetinghouse was conducted and is regarded as the single most destructive bombing raid in human history. [ 1] 16 square miles (41 km 2) of central Tokyo were annihilated, over 1 million were made homeless with an estimated 100,000 civilian deaths. The US first mounted a seaborne, small-scale air raid on Tokyo in April 1942. Strategic bombing and urban area bombing began in 1944 after the long-range B-29 Superfortress bomber entered service, first deployed from China and thereafter the Mariana Islands. B-29 raids from those islands began on 17 November 1944, and lasted until 15 August 1945, the day of Japanese surrender. [ 2]Contents [ hide ]1 Doolittle Raid2 B-29 raids2.1 Operation Meetinghouse2.2 Results2.3 Casualty estimates3 Postwar recovery4 Memorials5 Postwar Japanese politics6 Partial list of aerial missions against Tokyo6.1 Partial list of B-29 missions against Tokyo6.2 Partial list of other aerial missions against Tokyo7 References8 Further reading9 External links Doolittle Raid [ edit]Charred remains of Japanese civilians after the firebombing of Tokyo on the night of 9–10 March 1945. Main article: Doolittle Raid The first raid on Tokyo was the Doolittle Raid of 18 April 1942, when sixteen B-25 Mitchells were launched from USS Hornet to attack targets including Yokohama and Tokyo and then fly on to airfields in China. The raid was retaliation against the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The raid did little damage to Japan's war capability but was a significant propaganda victory for the United States. ["
},
{
"docid": "D783739#0",
"title": "http://www.weegy.com/?ConversationId=B44761DC\n.",
"text": "Question and answer Q: What did Doolittle's raid on Tokyo accomplish? 1. It wiped out key industrial factories and sites. 2. Nothing; it was a total and complete failure. 3. It provided a psychological boost for the U. S. 4. It destroyed Japan's political infrastructure. A: 3. It provided a psychological boost for the U. S. Get an answer Search for an answer or ask Weegy (Free)What did Doolittle's raid on Tokyo accomplish?"
},
{
"docid": "D488592#0",
"title": "http://www.warhistoryonline.com/instant-articles/newsreel-doolittle-raid-tokyo.html\nNewsreel Footage â The Famous Doolittle Raid over Tokyo â Revenge for Pearl Harbor",
"text": "\"Newsreel Footage – The Famous Doolittle Raid over Tokyo – Revenge for Pearl Harbor INSTANT ARTICLES WORLD WAR IIFeb 13, 2017 Jinny Mc Cormick The restored World War II B-25 \"\"Heavenly Body\"\" takes off from the deck of Ranger SHARE: Facebook Twitter On April 18, 1942, the U. S. flew an air raid over the island of Honshu. Its nickname comes from the leadership and planning of then US Army Air Corps Lieutenant Colonel Jimmy Doolittle. Often, war is no different than your average street fight regardless of how crude that might seem. When a man is punched in the nose, it is often entirely worth it to the fighting spirit of that man to punch the other back at all costs. Such was the case for the famed Doolittle raid over Japan in the aftermath of Pearl Harbor. Doolittle and his men were not supporting a ground assault and nor were they taking out strategic Japanese industry. And yet, with but a small margin to survive they risked all to remind the enemy that they had, in fact, picked a fight the Americans were more than happy to oblige. The physical damage they inflicted on the Doolittle Raid was not significant by World War II standards, but the mental effect it had on the Japanese people and high command would be unprecedented. No longer was Japan immune from the fight they had waged across the Pacific for years. No longer could the Japanese mainland be left remarkably undefended and when American bombers would return in full force some two years later they would finish the work started by Jimmy Doolittle and his famed Raiders."
},
{
"docid": "D783742#0",
"title": "http://www.2worldwar2.com/doolittle-raid.htm\nThe Doolittle Raid",
"text": "\"The Doolittle Raid One of the most daring and long-ranged attacks ever, that struck Tokyo in total surprise Doolittle's B-25 takes off to Tokyo In the first months after the Japanese attack of Pearl Harbor, the US watched Japan taking over South East Asia and could not do anything about it. The US began to build an unstoppable military force, but until it became operational, something was desperately needed to boost morale, to demonstrate to enemies and allies alike that the US is striking back. The way to do it was by air. Several proposals to attack Japan itself by air were rejected. The US lost its air bases in the Philippines, and sending the few remaining aircraft carriers to within strike range from Japan was much too risky. However, a young Navy officer suggested to attack Japan with medium bombers which would take-off from an aircraft carrier. It was a daring idea, perhaps impossible, so Admiral King asked his air operations advisor to study the possibilities. After five days of careful calculations, the Admiral received a 30-page report, hand-written for secrecy. After considering all the technical aspects of range, winds, weight, armament, fuel, and route, the conclusion was that the mission is doable, but the bombers will not be able to return to the aircraft carrier. Instead they will have to land somewhere in Asia."
},
{
"docid": "D1791384#0",
"title": "https://www.navalhistory.org/2013/04/18/70th-anniversary-of-the-doolittle-raid\nNaval History Blog",
"text": "April 18th, 1942Launching of the Doolittle Raid Seventy one years ago, the first American air raid on Japan was made, a little more than four months following the bombing of Pearl Harbor. The raid, for which Lieutenant Colonel Doolittle earned the Medal of Honor, was instrumental in lifting American morale at the beginning of the United States’ involvement in World War II. In acknowledgement of the 65th anniversary of the Doolittle Raid, the April 2007 issue of Proceedings included an article by Barrett Tillman, which documented the origins of the raid and its influence on American performance in the war. As Tillman emphasized in his article, the Doolittle Raid was not simply valuable for increasing American morale, but for uniting the various service branches in joint efforts to make the best possible use of limited resources in a large-scale war. According to Tillman’s article, the Doolittle Raid was the first of many successful joint efforts, and began a tradition of interservice alliances which continues today. Officially it was the First Special Aviation Project, a bold concept devised by a naval officer—a submariner, no less—and executed by Sailors and Airmen. The timing could not have been better, as it occurred only four-and-a-half months after the debacle at Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. Only two weeks later, President Franklin D. Roosevelt ordered a study to find means of retaliating against Japan, presumably by air. Since no land-based aircraft were capable of reaching the Home Islands from American bases, the focus quickly narrowed to a naval option. ( Planning had already addressed an Army Air Forces operation in China, but logistics and mission radius posed huge problems. )"
},
{
"docid": "D488593#0",
"title": "https://www.forbes.com/sites/maryclairekendall/2012/11/11/doolittles-raiders-and-the-miracle-that-saved-them/\nDoolittle's Raiders And The Miracle That Saved Them",
"text": "\"Mary Claire Kendall Contributor I write about Hollywood legends and real life. Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. Opinion 11/11/2012 @ 10:49AM 13,679 views Doolittle's Raiders And The Miracle That Saved Them The USS Hornet with 16 Army Air Forces B-25s on deck, ready for the Tokyo raid (U. S. Air Force photo)My thoughts go to the Doolittle’s Raiders this Veterans Day, four of whom I recently spoke with during the 15 th Annual American Veterans Center conference. April 18 th of this year marked the 70 th anniversary of the “Doolittle Raid” on military targets on the Japanese home island of Honshu—a pivotal, morale-boosting retaliatory strike, just 131 days after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, demonstrating Japan was vulnerable to U. S. attack. Tom Casey, Raiders manager, set the scene at the AVC forum featuring them:… It was a Saturday morning, the Empire of Japan. The City of Tokyo was very busy at midday, when suddenly the citizens of Tokyo heard the sound of aircraft engines flying very low overhead and they looked up and they saw the underbody of a twin engine bomber. They were expecting to see the big red ball insignia of the Japanese Air Force under its wings. They didn’t see a big red ball; they saw a very little red ball inserted in a bright white star in a blue circle. What they were looking at was the insignia of the United States Army Air Force. The aircraft was a North American B25 model B. And, at its controls was one of America’s top aviators, Lt."
},
{
"docid": "D2909407#0",
"title": "http://brightempire.com/Truth.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Truth, Justice and the American Way By Brantley Thompson Elkins There was an unfortunate dust-up about a month ago at the Aurora Universe Readers Group, occasioned by word that DC Comics was dropping Superman’s commitment to the “American Way,” if not to truth and justice. It does seem silly, in this day and age, to expect a “ strange visitor from another planet, with powers and abilities far beyond those of mortal men” to adopt or be adopted by one country. But the dustup wasn’t really about that; it was about American Exceptionalism, the idea that the United States is singularly blessed in liberty and civic virtue and even has a manifest destiny to lead the world. American Exceptionalism has taken a beating in recent decades from revisionist historians, especially since the Vietnam War and the current war on terror. Cultural critics have embraced an obnoxious sort of reverse exceptionalism – America not only isn’t the best country in the world, but it’s the worst: a bastion of racism at home and imperialism abroad, the country solely responsible for global warming, poverty in the Africa and every evil on the face of the Earth. It doesn’t help that some of our nation’s would-be defenders betray their ignorance of American history. The latest was Republican presidential contender Michelle Bachmann, who claimed that the founding fathers “ worked tirelessly until slavery was no more in the United States,\"\" and that one of these was John Quincy Adams – just about to turn nine years old when the country declared its independence and all of 20 during the Constitutional Convention. It was at the convention that Gouverneur Morris, who had served in the Continental Congress from New York, ranted against the Southern states’ demand that their slaves be counted in the census to determine representation in the House of Representatives: Upon what principle is it that the slaves shall be computed in the representation? Are they men? Then make them citizens and let them vote."
},
{
"docid": "D1675352#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/41042150/jp-chapter-14-american-history-flash-cards/\njp Chapter 14 American History",
"text": "\"36 terms clubregatas10jp Chapter 14 American History Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort How and why did the Allies fight the Battle of the Atlantic? WHY - - Allies needed to fight the Battle of the Atlantic in order to control the seas. The sea was the only way to deliver soldiers and supplies to Hitler's opponents. HOW - - US began to build new ships at an amazing rate in order to form larger and better-equipped convoys (the many ships that would \"\"escort\"\" the merchant ship, the ship carrying the \"\"goods\"\", across the Atlantic). Larger and better convoys reduced the effectiveness of the German U-boat attacks (submarine boats that stayed under water and would attack Allied ships carrying supplies). - US used aircraft to protect the convoys from the air. - Both aircraft and convoy ships used radar and other technologies to find and destroy U-boats. - The Allies broke the Germans' code system, Enigma in 1941."
},
{
"docid": "D21535#0",
"title": "https://www.warhistoryonline.com/war-articles/_112120.html\nThe Doolittle raid remembered",
"text": "The Doolittle raid remembered FEATURED NEWSMar 23, 2016 George Winston A B-25 takes off from Hornet in the famous Doolittle raid. SHARE: Facebook Twitter Just before eight o’clock on the morning of December 7th, 1941, Japanese carrier based aircraft launched an unprovoked attacked on the US naval base at Pearl Harbor on the island of Oahu / Hawaii in the Pacific. Two hours later many US aircraft, ships had been sunk and over two thousand Americans were killed. Another thousand were wounded. The following day, President Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan. The attack on Pearl Harbor shocked and outraged the American nation, and President Roosevelt asked senior military advisers to suggest an immediate response. B-25Bs on the USS Hornet en route to Japan It was not an easy task; there were no US air bases near enough to the Japanese mainland to enable a bomber strike to be made. The Navy did not have aircraft with the necessary range to make a carrier-borne assault safely – the risk to the few carriers in the Pacific Ocean would have been unacceptable. After thorough discussions between army and navy experts a proposed solution emerged. In essence, the plan was to launch sixteen twin-engine B-25 aircraft from the aircraft carrier USS Hornet, which would be positioned 500 miles off the Japanese coast."
},
{
"docid": "D1977906#0",
"title": "http://www.doolittleraider.com/gold_medal.htm\n.",
"text": "\"The Congressional Gold Medal for the Doolittle Tokyo Raiders The Doolittle Tokyo Raiders was a group eighty men from all walks of life who flew into history on April 18, 1942. They were all volunteers and this was a very dangerous mission. Sixteen B-25 bombers took off from the deck of the USS Hornet, led by (then Col.) Jimmy Doolittle. They were to fly over Japan, drop their bombs and fly on to land in a part of China that was still free. Of course, things do not always go as planned. The months following the attack on Pearl Harbor were the darkest of the war, as Imperial Japanese forces rapidly extended their reach across the Pacific. Our military was caught off guard, forced to retreat, and losing many men in the fall of the Philippines, leading to the infamous Bataan Death March. By spring, 1942, America needed a severe morale boost. The raid on Tokyo on April 18, 1942, certainly provided that – cheering the American military and public."
},
{
"docid": "D488594#0",
"title": "http://garfieldsteamhouse.org/History/WWII/DoolittleRaidFinalToast.php\n.",
"text": "\"The final toast of the Doolitle Raid It's the cup of brandy no one wants to drink. On Tuesday 14 May 2013, in Fort Walton Beach, Florida, the surviving Doolittle Raiders gathered publicly for the last time. They once were among the most universally admired and revered men in the United States. There were 80 of the Raiders in April 1942, when they carried out one of the most courageous and heart-stirring military operations in this nation's history. The mere mention of their unit's name, in those years, would bring tears to the eyes of grateful Americans. Now only four survive. After Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, with the United States reeling and wounded, something dramatic was needed to turn the war effort around. Even though there were no friendly airfields close enough to Japan for the United States to launch a retaliation, a daring plan was devised. Sixteen B-25s were modified so that they could take off from the deck of an aircraft carrier. This had never been tried before -- sending big, heavy bombers from a carrier."
},
{
"docid": "D654188#0",
"title": "http://www.donhollway.com/yamamoto/\n70 years ago, American aviators did the impossible âand set a precedentâby deliberately targeting the enemyâs most notorious leaderDEATH BYP- 3 8byDon Hollwayappearing in the May 2013 issue of AVIATION HISTORYmagazine.Buy your copy here",
"text": "\"Postwar propaganda film. Mission was top-secret throughout the war. Gun-camera film is spliced in for effect; the Lightnings did not carry gun cameras at the time. That Saturday afternoon the “Opium Den”—the smoky, sweltering, ramshackle command bunker at Henderson Field, on Guadalcanal—was packed with Navy and Marine brass hats. Lowly flyboys Captain Thomas Lanphier Jr. and Major John W. Mitchell, commanding officer of the U. S. Army Air Forces’ 339th Fighter Squadron, arrived last, but were treated like guests of honor. Mitchell was handed a teletyped radio message marked “Top Secret”: a flight schedule for an inspection tour by Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto. Mitchell asked, “Who’s Yamamoto?”Lanphier just said, “Pearl Harbor. ”Admiral Yamamoto, commander of the Imperial Japanese Navy's Combined Fleet, was the Harvard-educated, poker-playing mastermind of the December 7, 1941, attack. Navy code-breakers had intercepted Japanese radio traffic indicating that the admiral, known for his fanatical punctuality, would fly over Bougainville Island early the next morning, April 18, 1943—coincidentally the first anniversary of the Doolittle Raid. The newly appointed air commander in the Solomons, Rear Adm. Marc A. Mitscher, who had captained the carrier Hornet on the Doolittle mission, now saw the chance for another long-range surprise attack, this time with the 339th's Lockheed P-38G Lightning fighters."
},
{
"docid": "D2227128#0",
"title": "http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/chat/3042098/posts\n.",
"text": "\"Free Republic Browse · Search General/Chat Topics · Post Article Skip to comments. The US Navy's Five Aircraft Carrier Museum Ships JEFFHEAD. COM ^ | July 12, 2013 | Jeff Head Posted on July 12, 2013 7:42:25 AM PDT by Jeff Head US NAVY AIRCRAFT CARRIER MUSEUMS (Click map for a high resolution image)Currently (July 2013) there are five US Navy Aircraft Carrier museums. Four are of Essex class carriers commissioned during World War II which underwent the SBC-125 refit in the 1950s to modernize them. All were commissioned in 1943 & served into modern times. The last, the USS Lexington, was decommissioned in 1991 after 48 years service. The other is the USS Midway, namesake of a larger class carrier built at the end of the war. She underwent two major refits, in the 1950s & in 1970 greatly enlarging her flight deck for modern aircraft. She was commissioned in 1945 & decommissioned in 1992 after 47 years service. USS YORKTOWN, CV-10, MUSEUM, CHARLESTON, SCName: USS Yorktown Designation: CV-10 Class: Essex Displacement: 41,200 tons (after modernization) Commissoned: 1943 Decommissioned: 1970 Mueum Web Site: http://www.patriotspoint.org/Location: Charleston, SC (Click HERE for a map)USS INTREPID, CV-11, MUSEUM, NEW YORK, NYName: USS Intrepid Designation: CV-11 Class: Essex Displacement: 41,200 tons (after modernization) Commissoned: 1943 Decommissioned: 1974 Mueum Web Site: http://www.intrepidmuseum.org/Location: New York, NY (Click HERE for a map)USS HORNET, CV-12, MUSEUM, ALAMEDA, CAName: USS Hornet Designation: CV-12 Class: Essex Displacement: 41,200 tons (after modernization) Commissoned: 1943 Decommissioned: 1970 Mueum Web Site: http://www.uss-hornet.org/Location: Alameda, CA (Click HERE for a map)USS LEXINGTON, CV-16, MUSEUM, CORPUS CHRISTI, TXName: USS Lexington Designation: CV-16 Class: Essex Displacement: 48,300 tons (after modernization) Commissoned: 1943 Decommissioned: 1991 Mueum Web Site: http://usslexington.com/Location: Corpus Christi, TX (Click HERE for a map)USS MIDWAY, CV-43, MUSEUM, SAN DIEGO, CAName: USS Midway Designation: CV-41 Class: Midway Displacement: 74,000 tons (after modernization) Commissoned: 1945 Decommissioned: 1992 Mueum Web Site: http://www.midway.org/Location: San Diego, CA (Click HERE for a map)PROPOSED AIRCRAFT CARRIER MUSEUMCurrently, none of the more modern \"\"super carriers,\"\" meaning none of the Forrestal Class, Kitty Hawk Class, or later aircraft carriers, have been saved and set aside as museums."
},
{
"docid": "D2218047#0",
"title": "http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/doolittle.htm\n.",
"text": "\"The Doolittle Raid, 1942America Strikes Back Printer Friendly Version >>>O nce the shock of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor subsided, the focus of American military planners turned to retaliation - even if it was only symbolic. A few weeks after the attack, Lt. Colonel James H. Doolittle presented his superiors with a daring and unorthodox plan. B-25 bombers, normally land-based, would be transported by an aircraft carrier to within striking-distance of the Japanese mainland and launched to attack a number of cities. The 2nd plane in the attack force leaves the carrier deck A top-secret training program began immediately. The major problem was to learn how to force the bomber, which normally required a minimum of 1200 feet of runway for takeoff, to get airborne using the 450 feet of a carrier deck. After weeks of training, the volunteer crews flew to San Francisco where they boarded the USS Hornet and joined a small flotilla of ships headed for Japan. The attack was launched on the morning of April 18, 1942, 150 miles further from Japan than planned out of fear that the task force had been spotted by the Japanese. Doolittle gunned the lead plane and lumbered successfully off the carrier's flight deck. Fifteen planes followed, each one skimming just above the waves and carrying a payload of four bombs."
},
{
"docid": "D240643#0",
"title": "https://www.awm.gov.au/articles/encyclopedia/coral_sea/doc\nBattle of the Coral Sea, 4-8 May 1942",
"text": "\"Battle of the Coral Sea, 4-8 May 1942Japanese intentions By April 1942 the Japanese had formed a defensive perimeter which stretched from the Kuriles southward through the Marshall Islands to New Britain, then westwards to Java, Sumatra, the Andaman Islands and Burma. Within that perimeter Japanese authority was, or soon would be, unchallenged and every strategic position occupied. In the South-West Pacific Area outposts were held at Lae and Salamaua in northern New Guinea. Yet the Japanese were not quite satisfied with their conquests. Impressed by the ease with which they had achieved their strategic goals, a number of Japanese leaders began to consider extending the perimeter to gain an extra measure of security. The Commander-in-Chief of the Imperial Japanese Navy, Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, was concerned that despite the crushing blow dealt at Pearl Harbor to the US battle fleet, the strike force had missed the aircraft carriers. These ships were beginning to make their presence felt with a number of raids on Japanese bases in the central and south Pacific. These considerations were given further impetus by the Doolittle raid on Tokyo using medium bombers launched from the aircraft carrier USS Hornet from a position well within the defensive perimeter. Yamamoto wished to fight the decisive battle which would complete the destruction of the US Pacific Fleet before it was able to rebuild its strength. By doing so he hoped to gain the time needed to consolidate the Empire's defences."
},
{
"docid": "D515013#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_after_the_bombing_of_pearl_harbor_did_US_drop_atomic_bomb_on_japan\nDid they use an atomic bomb on pearl harbor?",
"text": "\"Did they use an atomic bomb on pearl harbor? Answer . No, they used atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. What did the US do after japan bombed pearl harbor? The day after Japan's sneak attack on Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt went to Congress to get a declaration of war against Japan. Approval was nearly unanimous, with all the S …Trucker11 1,486 Contributions Did America use the atomic bomb to get back at japan for bombing pearl harbor? No, there was only one reason that America used the atomic bomb. To cause Japan to surrender. The only other way to get Japan to surrender was to invade the country with infan …Was the atomic bomb dropped before the bombing of Pearl Harbor? Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941) STARTED WWII for the United States, making it a \"\"Global War.\"\"."
},
{
"docid": "D1913535#0",
"title": "http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/burma42/burma42.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Introduction World War II was the largest and most violent armed conflict in the history of mankind. However, the half century that now separates us from that conflict has exacted its toll on our collective knowledge. While World War II continues to absorb the interest of military scholars and historians, as well as its veterans, a generation of Americans has grown to maturity largely unaware of the political, social, and military implications of a war that, more than any other, united us as a people with a common purpose. Highly relevant today, World War II has much to teach us, not only about the profession of arms, but also about military preparedness, global strategy, and combined operations in the coalition war against fascism. During the next several years, the U. S. Army will participate in the nation's 50th anniversary commemoration of World War II. The commemoration will include the publication of various materials to help educate Americans about that war. The works produced will provide great opportunities to learn about and renew pride in an Army that fought so magnificently in what has been called \"\"the mighty endeavor. \"\" World War II was waged on land, on sea, and in the air over several diverse theaters of operation for approximately six years. The following essay is one of a series of campaign studies highlighting those struggles that, with their accompanying suggestions for further reading, are designed to introduce you to one of the Army's significant military feats from that war. This brochure was prepared in the U. S. Army Center of Military History by Clayton R. Newell."
},
{
"docid": "D592293#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_Berlin_in_World_War_II\nBombing of Berlin in World War II",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Bombing of Berlin in World War IIPart of Strategic bombing in World War IIThe ruins of the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church in Berlin, heavily damaged in an Allied bombing and preserved as a monument Date 25 August 1940 - 21 April 1945Location Berlin, Nazi Germany Belligerents United Kingdom Royal Air Force United States US Army Air Force Soviet Union Soviet Air Force France French Air Force Germany Luftwaffe Part of a series on the History of Berlin Margraviate of Brandenburg (1157–1806)Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1918)German Empire (1871–1918)Weimar Republic (1919–1933)1920s Berlin Greater Berlin Act Nazi Germany (1933–1945)Welthauptstadt Germania Bombing of Berlin in World War IIBattle of Berlin West Germany and East Germany (1945–1990)West Berlin and East Berlin Berlin Wall Berlin Blockade (1948–1949)Berlin Crisis of 1961\"\" Ich bin ein Berliner \"\" (1963)\"\" Tear Down This Wall \"\" (1987)Federal Republic of Germany (1990–present)History of Germany and History of Europe See also Timeline of Berlinv t e Berlin, the capital of Nazi Germany, was subject to 363 air raids during the Second World War. [ 1] It was bombed by the RAF Bomber Command between 1940 and 1945, by the USAAF Eighth Air Force between 1943 and 1945, and the French Air Force between 1944 and 1945 as part of the Allied campaign of strategic bombing of Germany. It was also attacked by aircraft of the Red Air Force, especially in 1945 as Soviet forces closed on the city. British bombers dropped 45,517 tons of bombs; [2] the Americans dropped 23,000 tons. As the bombings continued more and more people moved out. By May 1945, 1.7 million people (40% of the population) had fled. [ 3]Contents [ hide ]1 Prelude2 1940 to 19433 The Battle of Berlin4 March 1944 to April 19454.1 The largest American raid on Berlin5 Berlin's defences6 Timeline7 Notes8 References Prelude [ edit]When the Second World War began in 1939, the President of the United States (then a neutral power), Franklin D. Roosevelt, issued a request to the major belligerents to confine their air raids to military targets. [ 4] The French and the British agreed to abide by the request, with the provision that this was \"\"upon the understanding that these same rules of warfare will be scrupulously observed by all of their opponents\"\". [ 5]The United Kingdom had a policy of using aerial bombing only against military targets and against infrastructure such as ports and railways of direct military importance. While it was acknowledged that the aerial bombing of Germany would cause civilian casualties, the British government renounced the deliberate bombing of civilian property, outside combat zones, as a military tactic. ["
},
{
"docid": "D488591#0",
"title": "http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/surviving-members-wwii-doolittle-raid-meet-time-article-1.1511754\nFinal surviving members of daring WWII Doolittle Raid to gather for one last toast to honor late airmen",
"text": "\"Final surviving members of daring WWII Doolittle Raid to gather for one last toast to honor late airmen THE ASSOCIATED PRESSUpdated: Saturday, November 9, 2013, 2:14 PMfacebook Tweet email In these April 18, 2012 file photos, surviving Doolittle Raiders Richard Cole, left, David Thatcher, center, and Edward Saylor take part in a commemoration for the 70th anniversary of the raid on Tokyo at the Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio. ( Mark Duncan/AP)DAYTON, Ohio -- Thousands of visitors streamed to the national Air Force museum on Saturday to pay a Veterans Day weekend tribute to the few surviving members of the Doolittle Raiders, airmen whose daring raid on Japan helped boost American morale during World War II, as they planned to make their ceremonial final toast together. Officials at the museum near Dayton said parking lots filled up within about an hour after opening Saturday morning, and later vehicles were sent to overflow areas. After a memorial service and B-25 bomber flyover, the Raiders planned to make a last toast to comrades who died in or since their mission. The toast grew from reunions led by Lt. Col. James \"\"Jimmy\"\" Doolittle, who commanded the daring mission credited with stunning the Japanese after a string of military successes. \"\" It's a piece of history, it's the last time,\"\" said Bruce Sink, 62, of Kettering, Ohio, who was browsing books about the Raiders at the museum gift shop. \"\" These were pretty brave guys. \"\" Twelve-year-old Joseph John Castellano's grandparents brought him from their Dayton home."
}
] |
619999
|
what did the duck say to the bartender
|
[
{
"docid": "D1130551#0",
"title": "http://www.aetv.com/shows/duck-dynasty/exclusives/duck-jokes\nDuck Jokes",
"text": "\"Why was the duck put into the basketball game? To make a fowl shot. What time does a duck wake up? At the quack of dawn. What do you call a crate full of ducks? A box of quackers. What do you call a clever duck? A wise quacker!What did the duck say to the banker? My bill is bigger than yours. Why did the duck fly south for the winter?"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D2381943#0",
"title": "https://www.weddingwire.com/reviews/kirkbrae-country-club-lincoln/00f4a195de6f30e5.html\n260 Reviews for Kirkbrae Country Club",
"text": "\"Kirkbrae Country Club Reviews See Photos, Pricing and Details260 Reviews for Kirkbrae Country Club Write a Review×Trustworthy reviews are our priority. Businesses can't pay to change or remove reviews.243 Wedding Reviews 17 Event Reviews5.0out of 5.0Quality of Service 5.0Responsiveness 5.0Professionalism 5.0Value 5.0Flexibility 4.9User Photos+17Photos Filter reviews by services used: All Reviews Bridal Suite (21) Clean Up (21) Event Planning (20) Set Up (20)Dance Floor (20) Tables (20) Flatware (19) Glassware (19) Hors d'Oeuvres (18)Server (s) (18) Bartender (s) (18) Parking (18) Cocktail Reception (17)Champagne Toast (17) Chairs (17) Barware (17) China (16) Linens (15)Event Rentals (14) Plated (14) Drapery (14) Furniture (14) Dessert (13)Tastings (13) Indoor (12) Cash Bar (12) Wheelchair Access (10) Covered Outdoor (9)Open Bar (9) Decor (9) Outside Cake (8) Signature Drink (8) Aisle Runners (8)In-House Bar (7) In-House Catering (7) Lighting (7) Valet (7) Stations (6)House Beer (6) Premium Liquor (6) Chair Covers (6) Liability Insurance (5)House Wine (5) Liquor License (5) House Liquor (5) Lighting/Sound (4)Specialty Beer (4) Scenic Views (3) Uncovered Outdoor (2) All Inclusive Packages (2)+ 4 additional filters243 Kirkbrae Country Club Reviews Sort by: Rating: Highest FEATURED5.0Such a beautiful venue, can't wait to get married there in Summer 2019!! ! Eileen, 7/14/18, 1 Review Category: Ceremony & Reception Venue Services Used: Parking, Aisle Runners, Chairs, Dance Floor, Drapery, Tables, Barware, China, Flatware, Glassware, Linens,All Inclusive Packages, Bartender (s), Cash Bar, Champagne Toast, Buffet, Dessert, Hors d'Oeuvres, Tastings, Covered Outdoor5.0Best experience of our lives times a million! Kirkbrae, Tiffany, and staff went above and beyond in every way possible! I could go on and on about the level of excellence, this is THE place to get married, party, and enjoy the best day of your life! Don’t hesitate call right now!Mia, 12/9/17, 1 Review Category: Ceremony & Reception Venue, Rehearsal Dinner Location Services Used: Aisle Runners, Chair Covers, Chairs, Dance Floor, Decor, Drapery, Furniture, Lighting, Tables, Bridal Suite,Clean Up, Event Planning, In-House Bar, In-House Catering, Lighting/Sound, Set Up, Wireless Internet, Cocktail Reception,Dessert, Hors d'Oeuvres, Outside Cake, Plated, Server (s), Tastings, Parking, Indoor, Bartender (s), Cash Bar, Champagne Toast, House Beer, House Liquor, House Wine, Liquor License, Open Bar, Premium Liquor, Signature Drink, Specialty Beer,Specialty Wine, Barware, China, Flatware, Glassware, Linens5.0Truly cannot say enough about Tiffany and the staff at Kirkbrae. Everyone went above and beyond to give us the wedding reception of our dreams. The food and service was impeccable, and the value you receive at this venue cannot be matched. Thank you!Meghan, 12/8/17, 1 Review Category: Ceremony & Reception Venue5.0Oh my goodness, I cannot say enough good things about Tiffany and Kirkbrae Country Club! She was super helpful in almost all aspects of planning my wedding, from having a handy list of vendors to choose from, to walking us through the whole planning process to directing our \"\"herd of cats\"\" and making sure our wedding went off without a hitch!"
},
{
"docid": "D501435#0",
"title": "http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-funny-puns-and-punny-funs.html\nExamples of Funny Puns (and Punny Funs)",
"text": "\"7th grade 8th grade 9th grade Middle School High School College On a good day, if you have the right friends and coworkers, you can expect to hear or read some great examples of funny puns. Whether intentional or accidental, a pun is the use of a word or words that either have multiple meanings or sound like other words, the result of which is humorous. There are several different ways to make a pun. Playing with Sound and Spelling There aren’t really any stand-alone, one-word puns as they all need some kind of context to create the word play. However, in many cases, the pun is formed within the context by one simple word that sounds like a different word or has another meaning. These are called homophonic or homographic puns. Homophonic Puns Homophonic puns are created by substituting one word for a similar-sounding word. A good pun is its own reword. I bet the butcher the other day that he couldn’t reach the meat that was on the top shelf. He refused to take the bet, saying that the steaks were too high."
},
{
"docid": "D2982224#0",
"title": "http://www.theselfsufficienthomeacre.com/2013/10/how-to-use-duck-eggs.html\nHow to Use Duck Eggs",
"text": "\"How to Use Duck Eggs Lisa Lynn October 14, 2013 Eggs Duck Eggs vs Chicken Eggs If you’ve never had access to duck eggs, you might be wondering how different they can be from chicken eggs. Some differences will depend on the breed of duck that laid the egg. An egg from a Muscovy will be somewhat different from a Pekin egg, for example. My ducks are Pekins and, at maturity, they lay an egg bigger than the largest of my chicken eggs. The off-white shells are harder to crack and the yolks are a deeper shade of gold than the chicken eggs. ( I have since had Rouens and Black Cayuga… both laid fewer eggs than the Pekins, and their eggs were closer in size to a large chicken egg. ) This post contains affiliate links for products you may find useful. I make a referral fee or a small commission if you purchase products through these links. Please see disclosure below. Duck egg (left) vs large chicken egg Nutritional Differences There are also some differences in the nutritional composition of a duck egg compared to a chicken egg."
},
{
"docid": "D350392#0",
"title": "http://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/bartender\nWhat is a Bartender?",
"text": "\"What is a Bartender? Bartenders don't just follow a recipe; they understand how the bases, bitters, liqueurs and syrups mingle and can create their own cocktails. Julie Reiner, beverage director and co-owner of the Clover Club in Brooklyn, New York, and founder of the consulting firm Mixtress Consulting, remembers a time when being a bartender was considered a stepping-stone career. \"\" I was behind the bar, and people would ask me, 'So what do you want to do eventually?'\"\" she says. \"\" Now, we've come to a place where bartending is respected and a chosen profession.\"\" In recent years, quality bars and learned bartenders have been swept into the cachet of our foodie culture, and those in the know think about more than just liquor when selecting a new – or frequenting a favorite – dive bar, cocktail lounge, wine bar or beer pub. Just like the best dining hot spots are known for the chefs in the kitchen, the best bars earn their street cred by the barkeeps pouring the spirits. \"\" It's certainly a very fun job and a social job, which is why I ended up in it,\"\" Reiner says. \"\" I was cocktail waitressing when I was 18 years old, and I was always intrigued by what was happening behind the bar."
},
{
"docid": "D1659717#0",
"title": "http://timesleader.com/sports/525680/talking-hunting-with-donald-trump-jr\n.",
"text": "The presidential campaign has thrust Donald Trump Jr. into the spotlight as his father vies for the Republican nomination. Trump has used the opportunity to promote hunting and the outdoors, something he has been passionate about since his youth. But how does the son of a billionaire who lives in New York City become so involved in hunting? Trump recently spoke to the Times Leader to explain how his love for the sport began, his roots in Pennsylvania’s outdoors, discusses his plans to aid and protect hunting and the importance of hunting issues and outdoors to his entire family, the elder Trump included. Being from New York City people may not associate you with hunting and the outdoors, but you’ve made it a point to bring up the topics while on the campaign. How did you grow to love the outdoors and hunting? “ I got into the outdoors from my grandfather, who was a blue collar electrician from then-communist Czechoslovakia. He understood the good fortune we had with my family in New York, but between him and my father they said ‘OK it’s great, but there are also downfalls to that.’ My grandfather would take me to Czechoslovakia every summer. He would say ‘There’s the woods, go play.’"
},
{
"docid": "D2509308#0",
"title": "http://disney.wikia.com/wiki/Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit\nWho Framed Roger Rabbit",
"text": "\"in: Films, Disney Theatrical Films, Touchstone Pictures films, and 9 more Who Framed Roger Rabbit English Edit Comments (65) Share Who Framed Roger Rabbit Directed by Robert Zemeckis Richard Williams Produced by Frank Marshall Robert Watts Steven Spielberg (executive producer) Kathleen Kennedy (executive producer) Don Hahn (associate producer) Steve Starkey (associate producer)Written by Gary K. Wolf (novel Who Censored Roger Rabbit?) Jeffery Price (screenplay) Peter S. Seaman (screenplay)Starring Bob Hoskins Christopher Lloyd Charles Fleischer Stubby Kaye Joanna Cassidy Music by Alan Silvestri Cinematography by Dean Cundey Studio (s)Touchstone Pictures Amblin Entertainment Distributor Buena Vista Pictures Distribution, Inc. Released June 22, 1988Running time104 minutes Language English Budget$70 million (estimated)Gross revenue$329.8 million External links IMDb page Source“ It's the story of a man, a woman, and a rabbit in a triangle of trouble. ” ―Film tagline Who Framed Roger Rabbit is a 1988 fantasy-comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis, produced by Steven Spielberg and based on Gary K. Wolf 's novel Who Censored Roger Rabbit? It combines the use of traditional animation and live action, with elements of film noir, and stars Bob Hoskins, Charles Fleischer, Christopher Lloyd, Kathleen Turner, and Joanna Cassidy . The film is set in 1947 Hollywood, where Toons commonly interact with the studio system of Classical Hollywood cinema. It tells the story of private investigator Eddie Valiant caught in a mystery that involves Roger Rabbit, an A-list Toon who is framed for murder. Walt Disney Pictures purchased the film rights to Who Censored Roger Rabbit? in 1981. Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman wrote two drafts of the script before Disney brought Spielberg and Amblin Entertainment to help finance the film. Zemeckis was hired to direct the live action scenes with Richard Williams overseeing the animation sequences."
},
{
"docid": "D490195#0",
"title": "https://www.thrillist.com/these-are-the-33-best-dive-bars-in-america\nThese are the 33 best dive bars in America",
"text": "\"33 Best These are the 33 best dive bars in America By Andy Kryza Published On 11/23/2013@apkryza Craft cocktails and moustachioed bartenders are nice and all, but sometimes you just want a super-still whiskey/Coke served up by a lifelong bartendress with nicotine-stained fingers who calls you \"\"hon\"\". Or just hates you outright. Sometimes you want to sit in the dark, watching people playing video poker. Or see a fight. With that in mind, we've assembled this list of the country's greatest dives, places where the drinks are as strong as the parking-lot brawlers, the prices are as cheap as the chick you made out with in the bathroom, and everything that is good in this world thrives. Recommended Video Bottoms Up Make This Apple Brandy Elderflower Sparkler for Your Next Fancy Party Watch More Jeff Waraniak2 Way Inn (Detroit, MI) The oldest standing bar in Detroit -- it survived riots and the collapse of Mo Town, plus an endless stream of bar fights -- the 2 Way has also doubled as a store, a jail, a brothel, and a dance hall. Now, it stands as the Motor City's ultimate dive, with a bar as old as the building -- and it's owned by a dude who'll often fire up the grill after a few cocktails strong enough to level a building on Devil's Night. The patrons range from hipsters to old-timers, the bartenders are surly, and the interior is like a time portal into Detroit's heyday… right down to the dude at the bar who probably never left after his last shift at the plant. Yelp/Nicole GDan's Cafe (Washington, DC) The guy sitting next to you might be a senator's aid. Or a college kid."
},
{
"docid": "D476276#0",
"title": "http://www.bartendingschools.biz/faq.htm\n.",
"text": "Bartending School Frequently Asked Questions Q1. How long does the bartending course take? Q2. Do you use real liquor? Q3. How much do bartenders earn? Q4. What happens if I can't be in class because of a scheduling conflict? Q5. What happens if I can't learn it all in 1 or 2 weeks?"
},
{
"docid": "D2925213#0",
"title": "https://www.yahoo.com/tv/bp/-the-carbonaro-effect---michael-carbonaro-on-going-from-jay-leno-s-magic-clerk-to-hosting-his-own-magic-show-003837914.html\n'The Carbonaro Effect': Michael Carbonaro on Going From Jay Leno's Magic Clerk to Hosting His Own Magic Show",
"text": "\"'The Carbonaro Effect': Michael Carbonaro on Going From Jay Leno's Magic Clerk to Hosting His Own Magic Show Robert Chan Writer Yahoo TV • May 9, 2014Michael Carbonaro just wants to make your life a little more magical. In his new show, \"\"The Carbonaro Effect,\"\" the magician crafts elegant stunts so that people don't even realize magic is happening. Imagine if David Copperfield were your grocery clerk. Heck, why imagine it? The show is a modern, smarter take on \"\"Candid Camera.\"\" We talked with the actor/comedian/magician, who spent a season on \"\"The Tonight Show With Jay Leno\"\" before spinning off his Magic Clerk segment into this new show (in which he also plays bartenders, waiters, and office co-workers), about his influences, how to convince people a duck is not a duck, and why it's so important for him to take the ego out of magic. What is your show? \"\" The Carbonaro Effect.\"\" It is a magic show where people don't realize there's any magic. It's like \"\"Candid Camera\"\" meets David Blaine."
},
{
"docid": "D2839675#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/FAQ/18431\nAnheuser Busch",
"text": "\"Wiki Answers ® Categories Business & Finance Business and Industry Industries and Professions Companies Anheuser Busch Unanswered | Answered Anheuser Busch Parent Category: Companies Although founded in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, Anheuser–Busch is now a Belgian brewing company. They produce over 200 brands, and bring in over one billion dollars per year. Subcategories Budweiser Budweiser1 2 3 >What does the letters Budweiser stand for? Budweis or Böhmisch Budweis, is a statutory city in the Czech Republic. It is the largest city in the South Bohemian Region . Thebeer is alleged to have been first brewed there Value of case 2006 world series Budweiser champions aluminum bottles?50-100Was Budweiser ever a good beer? Ah! The original Budweiser is brewed in Czechoslovakia. The name derives from the Bohemian city Budweis where there is a long tradition of brewing beer since 1265. In 1876 a Czech emigrant started to brew a plagiarism of the original Budweiser Beer in the USA."
},
{
"docid": "D2582389#0",
"title": "http://walkingdead.wikia.com/wiki/400_Days\n400 Days",
"text": "\"400 Days Season 1, Episode DLCRelease Date July 2, 2013PS3 (North America)July 3, 2013PC / Mac (Worldwide)July 5, 2013X360 (Worldwide)July 10, 2013PS3 (Europe)July 11, 2013i OS (Worldwide)August 20, 2013PSVita (Worldwide)December 19, 2013Fire HDX (Worldwide)April 8, 2014Android (Worldwide)October 14, 2014PS4 (North America)XONE (North America)October 31, 2014PS4 (Europe)XONE (Europe)Written By Sean Ainsworth Nick Breckon Mark Darin Sean Vanaman Gary Whitta Directed By Sean Ainsworth Episode Guide← previous next →\"\" No Time Left \"\" or Issue 66 (Chronologically)\"\" All That Remains \"\" or Issue 67 (Chronologically)Cast Guide Starring Anthony Lam as Vince Jace Smykel as Wyatt Vegas J. Jenkins as Russell Erin Yvette as Bonnie Cissy Jones as Shel Brett Pels as Becca Rashida Clendening as Tavia Erik Braa as Danny Trevor Hoffmann as Justin Brandon Bales as Eddie Jefferson Arca as Nate Adam Harrington as Leland Cissy Jones as Dee Andrew Chaikin as Roman Dana Bauer as Stephanie Also Starring Donovan Corneetz as Clive Mark Barbolak as Boyd Amy Ingersoll as Joyce Sean Ainsworth as Macon Resident Will Beckman as Bennett J. S. Gilbert as Clyde Adam Harrington as Jerry Benjie Ross as Marcus Crabtree Mark Barbolak as Walt Rhoda Gravador as Jean Jason Pimentel as Roberto Julian Kwasneski as Radio Survivor Gavin Hammon as Kenny ** *** Max Kaufman as Kenny Jr. ** *** Nicole Vigil as Carley * ** **** Sam Joan as Doug * ** **** *determinant **not credited ***no lines ****corpse Picture Gallery\"\"400 Days\"\", retitled \"\" The Walking Dead: 400 Days\"\", is a DLC and special episode for Telltale Games ' The Walking Dead: Season One . It focuses on five different protagonists: Vince, Wyatt, Russell, Bonnie, and Shel, each in their own short personal stories in a tight geographic area. There is an epilogue which brings the 5 stories together. \"\" 400 Days\"\" bridges the gap between your choices with Lee Everett in Season 1 and the events of Season 2 . This DLC is not included in the Season Pass for Season 1, but it requires at least the first episode to be installed on a user's game system in order to play. Contents [ show]Synopsis With most of it based on a truck stop called Gil's Pitstop on a Georgia highway, \"\"400 Days\"\" tells five linked stories; each taking place at different points in time and from the point of view of a different survivor, from one day before the undead apocalypse to day 400. The five stories can be played in any order and will change based on the choices that you make. Echoes of the choices you made in Season 1 will carry over into \"\"400 Days\"\" and the choices you make in \"\"400 Days\"\" will resonate into Season 2. At the end of \"\"400 Days\"\", the stories are wrapped up, and leaves a few hints towards what we can anticipate to see from Season 2. Plot/Stories Each story takes place at different points in time and from the point of view of a different survivor near Gil's Pitstop."
},
{
"docid": "D1110160#0",
"title": "https://forums.theknot.com/discussion/28507/average-catering-cost\nAverage Catering Cost?",
"text": "\"Texas-Dallas and Ft. Worth New Discussion Average Catering Cost? Janell1991April 2012So about what is the average cost spent on catering? We are planning a wedding for 130-150 guests and I have gotten a few catering quotes and the services charges (attendants, cooks, bartenders) seems like a lot to me! A quote I have been given which includes service charges, all rentals (linens, dinnerware) $12pp buffet, is around $5,500 total. Is this reasonable/average? Report Reply to Post Re: Average Catering Cost?fallbride1109member April 201212pp is the lowest I have ever heard of on this board. I would say \"\"average\"\" is probably 30. I spent more like 80 with alcohol. Planning the Meal With All the Trimmings Report Reply Janell1991April 2012Yes 12pp is great!"
},
{
"docid": "D3137915#0",
"title": "http://www.misscharming.com/bartender/tipshintsecrets.htm\n.",
"text": "Recently, for some weird reason, people have been led to believe that if you aren’t hand-making classic or modern creations, muddling, flipping bottles, or have extensive knowledge on wine then you’re not a real bartender. Excuse me? This is incorrect. When people ask me what to write for their objective on their resumes, I always tell them to say, To provide an excellent experience for guests at your establishment. And how does a bartender provide an excellent experience? It depends. If you’re working in a dive on the waterfront selling mostly beer and whiskey shots to oil riggers and you greet them with a smile, remember their names (or at least what they drink), make their drinks fast, and they leave feeling good--then you have provided an excellent experience for those guests. Every bar is different and you’ll have to act a different way in each bar. What you do at a Honky Tonk will totally be different from a hotel bar down the street. In some bars, you’ll have many different types of guests and through their personality and body language you will learn how they want to be treated."
},
{
"docid": "D784208#0",
"title": "http://disney.wikia.com/wiki/King_Louie\nKing Louie",
"text": "\"King Louie Background information Feature films The Jungle Book The Jungle Book 2 (silhouette cameo) Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book Mickey's Magical Christmas: Snowed in at the House of Mouse The Jungle Book (2016)Television programs The Mouse Factory Tale Spin Aladdin (cameo) Jungle Cubs House of Mouse Mickey Mouse (cameo)Video games Tale Spin The Jungle Book The Jungle Book Groove Party Disney Universe Disney INFINITY series (townsperson) Disney Crossy Road Disney Emoji Blitz Disney Magic Kingdoms Park attractions Mickey's Magical TV World Mickey Mouse Revue Fantasmic!Flights of Fantasy Parade Mickey's Soundsational Parade Celebrate a Dreams Come True Parade Mickey's Jammin' Jungle Parade Mickey's Jingle Jungle Parade Disney Dreams Mickey and the Magical Map Parade of the Stars World of Color: Celebrate!Mickey and the Wondrous Book La Forêt de l'Enchantement: Une aventure musicale Disney Portrayed by Lowell (in the 1994 live-action movie)Animators Frank Thomas Milt Kahl John Lounsbery Voice Louis Prima ( original film) Scatman Crothers ( Disney on Parade) Jim Cummings (1990-present) Jason Marsden ( Jungle Cubs; Season 1) Cree Summer ( Jungle Cubs; Season 2) Christopher Walken (2016 film)Designer Ken Anderson Milt Kahl Inspiration Louis Prima Louis Armstrong Character information Full name Louis Lamount (in Tale Spin)Other names King of the Swingers Jungle V. I. P. Cousin Louie (referred to by Mowgli, Benny and Clyde) Louie Lou Personality Rowdy, raucous, strident, zany, aggressive, cool, boastful, greedy, not-too-bright, fun-loving, helpful, caring, friendly, energetic, cheerful, playful, confident Appearance Obese orange orangutan Occupation King of the Apes Alignment Neutral Goal To become a man Home Ancient Ruins Relatives King Larry (twin brother) Benny and Clyde (younger cousins)Allies His monkeys, Flunkey, Baloo, Mowgli, Bagheera, Colonel Hathi, Shere Khan (formerly), Kaa Minions His monkeys Enemies Shere Khan, Mahra, Ned, Jed & Fred, Red Dogs Likes Bananas, parties, dancing, scatting, jazz, humans Dislikes Being an ape, Flunkey's antics, being tickled, his kingdom collapsing, being tricked Powers and abilities Control over all monkeys Physical strength Flexibility Fate Due to Baloo and the monkeys, Louie's ruins are destroyed and Mowgli escapes, leaving Louie behind in his fallen kingdom Quote\"\"So, you're the Man-cub ... crazzzy. \"\" Source“ I wanna be a man, Man-Cub! And stroll right into town. And be just like the other men; I'm tired of monkeying around! ” ―King Louie to Mowgli in \"\" I Wanna Be Like You \"\"King Louie is a supporting character from the 1967 Disney animated feature film, The Jungle Book. He is the obstreperous ruler of the Ancient Ruins with an affinity for swing music. Having grown tired of his simian lifestyle, Louie hopes to learn the secret of man's \"\"red flower\"\" to fulfill his dream of becoming a man. Contents [ show]Background Development King Louie is a rowdy orangutan who was crowned King of the Apes. Unlike most characters in the film, Louie was created solely by the Walt Disney Company, and there was no ape king in the original novel by Rudyard Kipling, on which the film was based. The original story for Louie started out quite differently, but he was eventually given the voice and personality of the late and famed jazz trumpeter and vocalist Louis Prima."
},
{
"docid": "D1626799#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=1006050109786\nHo much does an average bartender make? per shift? per week?",
"text": "Dining Out United States Dallas Ho much does an average bartender make? per shift? per week? I am considering becoming a bartender (I need a second job), but wanted to get a feel for how much I might make. I know that it varies from place to place and person to person, but an average would be great. If you have ever actually worked as a bartender or employ them I would especially appreciate an answer from... show more Follow 7 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Depends, where you work (at a live bar or a dead bar) and who your customers are! Well bartending shift should be 6-8 hours anf a pay of between $5-$8 per hour, ( I get $7.15 per hour) and I work between 6-8 hours, my mananger lets me off if he see;s i did enough for the day and then closes the bar on the beach and leaves the one inside open (where my co-worker is) On the beach bartending is fun, a good tip is be friendly with the persons your serving, and now and then slip them a free drink! ( if there a good customer) This brings in TIPS~ My day tips add up to about $30-$80 I work Mon- Fri and Make a total of $1072 per month plus tips! So id say I make about 1300-1700 eaach month.. THen i pay off my loans at the bank HEHESource (s): I tend the bar, Cus I'm a bartender~ Fav, drink Sex on the beach, and Hulk (hypnotiq and cognac)ohyeahilovegirlz22 · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment This Site Might Help You. RE: Ho much does an average bartender make?"
},
{
"docid": "D3230906#0",
"title": "http://www.drinksmixer.com/drink7707.html\nFlaming Bob Marley recipe",
"text": "Flaming Bob Marley reciperating 9.563 votes Tweet Scan me to take me with youserve inalcohol33%options A known drink on the menu at Veronica's Piano Bar, Hedonism 11, Negril, Jamaica. Scale ingredients to servings1/3 oz grenadine syrup1/3 oz creme de menthe1/3 oz 151 proof rum Divide a tall shot glass into thirds, fill the lowest third with grenadine syrup, the middle third with creme de menthe, and float the 151 in the top third. Wet a thin straw, light the 151 by passing a lighter over it, plunge the straw to the bottom of the glass into the grenadine syrup and suck. If done rapidly and correctly the straw will not melt, and you can observe flames travelling up the inside of it. Stop sucking when the flame is inside the straw. More comments Sweet shotposted by Dan @ 05:27PM, 11/05/06I first tried this shot at a bar in Jamaica with my cousin. The flame rising up through the straw was an unnerving thought, but I went through with it prowdly. I did recall the colors being stacked differently, with the inclusion of bannana liqueur being the middle color, creme de menthe at the bottom, and grenadine at the top with the rum. When I do this shot, I don't use a spoon. I just tilt the shooter, and pour it like beer."
},
{
"docid": "D1550808#0",
"title": "https://www.weddingwire.com/wedding-forums/hiring-bartender/dc245889b0290da3.html\nHiring a Bartender",
"text": "\"VIPNovember 2014Hiring a Bartender Private User , on Jul 31, 2012 at 12:27 PM Posted in Etiquette and Advice17 Reply Flag At our wedding, we are supplying the alcohol but need a bartender to serve. I met a young girl last night who bartends. We loved her! She was so nice, personable, funny... She told us to come up with a price and shoot it to her. She would work with us. Problem is, I have no idea what the average bartender charges for weddings. She said as long as she is making $13 an hour, but at 5 hours, that seems so little!Anyone have an idea what bartenders typically charge on average? Thanks!---------------------**ADDED BY WW**Are you looking for a local bartending service to hire for your wedding? Use the WW vendor search to find local pros and read reviews from past clients!Search for Local Wedding Vendors Flag Share:17 Comments VIPMay 2013Heather · on Jul 31, 2012 at 12:30 PMFlag I used to bartend, I worked for catering and different restaurants. I did a couple private parties and they usually gave me a set fee."
},
{
"docid": "D1385763#0",
"title": "https://robschwab.com/is-aflac-health-insurance/\nIs Aflac Health Insurance?",
"text": "\"Is Aflac Health Insurance? April 15, 2016 By Rob Schwab Leave a Comment Picture this: you’re sitting in your front room watching the game and, you guessed it, another commercial came on. Only this commercial is different; it stars a duck that often finds itself stuck in peculiar situations and keeps screaming “Aflac”. Did that strike a few cords? I’m guessing it did: let’s be honest, we all know the Aflac duck!The Aflac duck is arguably more recognizable than most Hollywood celebrities, but have you ever taken the time to understand what Aflac really is? Most people wonder if Aflac is health insurance. Well let’s clear the air for you. Aflac is NOT health insurance, rather Aflac offers supplemental insurance. Supplemental Insurance So what is supplemental insurance? In short, supplemental insurance is insurance that helps you pay your medical bills in the case of a covered injury or illness; it’s insurance that is paid directly to the policyholder (yourself) rather than to healthcare providers."
},
{
"docid": "D820243#0",
"title": "http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2964215/How-waiters-earn-tips-New-report-shows-estimated-11-billion-annual-unreported-income.html\nBartenders in San Francisco earn most in tips and Sous Chefs have highest salaries: Study sheds light on estimated $11bn of annual unreported income of servers",
"text": "\"Bartenders in San Francisco earn most in tips and Sous Chefs have highest salaries: Study sheds light on estimated $11bn of annual unreported income of servers Staff in restaurants depend on 25 per cent of tips to make their total income, Pay Scale study showed On average, workers receive a median salary of $13.30 an hour Top median earners of study were bartenders in San Francisco who earn total of $26.50 an hour Sous Chefs and Head Chefs earn highest salaries, with men in these roles more than women By Myriah Towner For Dailymail.com Published: 16:03 EDT, 22 February 2015 | Updated: 04:55 EDT, 23 February 201552shares24View comments As a country known for its lavish tipping practices, there has always been a debate in America over how much to leave at the end of a meal. For customers who have ever wondered how much staff at restaurants actually earn, new data has revealed on average, they receive a median salary of $13.30 an hour. That includes a base salary of $9.90 an hour and earning $3.40 an hour in tips. Surprisingly, the IRS estimates that up to 40 per cent of tips go unreported, meaning there is an estimated $11billion in unrecorded income, according to the Atlantic.+3The IRS estimates that up to 40 per cent of tips go unreported, meaning there is an estimated $11billion in unrecorded income, according to the Atlantic (above file photo)+3For customers who have ever wondered how much staff at restaurants actually earn, new data has revealed on average, they receive a median salary of $13.30 an hour (above a chart representing the average income for restaurant workers)Staff who work at restaurants depend on 25 per cent of tips to make their total income, findings from a study by online salary-information company, Pay Scale, has revealed. From the 15,000 restaurant workers surveyed in roles including barista, dishwasher, host and pizza chef, bartenders earn the highest tips. Bartenders in general out-earn Bar Managers after counting tips - which makes up 59 per cent of their total income. RELATED ARTICLESPrevious 1 Next Where do America's biggest (and smallest) tippers live? An end to America's tipping culture? New trend in US... Share this article The top median earners of the study were bartenders in San Francisco, apparently the land of gracious diners. Workers reported earning $15.50 in hourly tips along with a base salary of $11 an hour, a total of $26.50 hourly (above a graphic representing income trends for waiters and waitresses across the country)The top median earners of the study were bartenders hailing from San Francisco, apparently the land of gracious diners."
},
{
"docid": "D1665664#0",
"title": "https://www.reddit.com/r/fakeid/comments/2dl9wo/bar_tips_for_fake_id_users/\n.",
"text": "\"So you've got your Fake ID... here's some tips from me, for using it. I emphasize from me because we live in a crazy world where shit goes awry all the time. This is just my perspective on the situation, it is not the scientific way to never get caught with a fake ID ever. A little about me: I am from another state in the US and quickly figured out after moving to NYC that I wasn't going to meet many people without having access to the bar scene. To me, my fake ID's purpose is not for drinking, but a tool for socializing. That being said, drinking itself was never the top goal -- getting into the bar was. This approach to using a fake ID has allowed me to figure out some pretty cool psychological and sociological shit that'll help you out with your time at the bar. This guide is for bars only, and from my experience in NYC. General tips may be universal, while some may not be as relevant to your location. Some of these tips might seem trivial to the braveheart types who are completely comfortable with their ID."
}
] |
620003
|
what did the eastern front do in ww1
|
[
{
"docid": "D1276944#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_was_the_eastern_front_during_World_War_1\nWho was fighting on the Western and Eastern fronts in World War 1?",
"text": "\"Who was fighting on the Western and Eastern fronts in World War 1? WWI . On the western front you had the Germans (of course) fighting against the British, the French, and later in the war, the Americans. The eastern front was the Germans …What were the conditions on the Western Front compared to the Eastern Front during World War 2? Western-Eastern Fronts in WW2 . A framework for this answer should focus on the following factors: - Length of time. Western front was not continuous in time. With the fall …In world war 1 where was the eastern front located? Answer . Central-Eastern Europe What were the effects on the home front during world war 1?1) women work (factory workers clerks) 2) economic problems 3) social unrest 4)the draft - conscription Where was the eastern front in world war 1?"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1640216#0",
"title": "http://www.soviet-empire.com/ussr/viewtopic.php?t=34374\nWhy Hitler launched operation Barbarossa?",
"text": "\"Why Hitler launched operation Barbarossa? Versus [ + ]Soviet cogitations: 15 Defected to the U. S. S. R.: Tue 05 Apr 2005, 11:39 New Comrade (Say hi & be nice to me! ) Mon 11 Apr 2005, 09:56One of the factors leading to the German defeat during the WW1 was the Eastern front. This second front demanded troops and resources that could have eventualy win the war on the Western front. Hilter knew that fact, every schoolboy in Germany knew it. German tank, artilery, aircaft etc. technologies and building capacities were way over below the Russian ones in 1941. There are no more than 4 months in the year when effective offensive actions could be lead in soviet territory. Germany did not have stretegic aviation, nor heavy tanks, nor efficient allys (please dont bother yourselfs with Fins, Hungarians, Slovakians, Romanians and Italians). Germany was loosing the air and the navy battle against UK during that period."
},
{
"docid": "D3349506#0",
"title": "http://www.greatwar.co.uk/medals/british-ww1-medal-records.htm\nBritish WW1 Medal Records 1914-1920",
"text": "British WW1 Medal Records 1914-1920it is believed that the records of medals issued for service during 1914-1920 form the only more or less complete list of people who, by the fact that they were eligible to receive a WW1 medal, can be considered to have “participated” in the First World War. It should, therefore, be possible to trace and confirm that an individual served in the First World War from the medal records. The records of the issue of medals and awards were not damaged by enemy bombing in the Second World War, as was the case for the Service Records. Medal Rolls 1914-1920Medal Index Cards (or Medal Rolls Index) 1914-1920The London Gazette: Awards and Citations Where to View Medal Records Replacing WW1 Campaign Medals Medal Rolls 1914-1920Reverse of the 1914-15 Star showing service number 05178, rank of Private, name of Private F Hodson and military unit of A. O. C. (Army Ordnance Corps). The information recording every individual and their eligibility for a campaign medal and gallantry award are contained in the Medal Rolls. Medals and awards included in the Medal Rolls The 1914 Star The 1914-15 Star British War Medal Allied Victory Medal Territorial Force War Medal Allied Subjects Medal Victoria Cross (V. C.)Distinguished Conduct Medal (D. C. M.)Distinguished Service Order (D. S. O. )Military Cross (M. C.)Military Medal (M. M.)Silver War Badge (S. W. B. )Women's service awards Mentioned in Despatches (M. I. D.)The Medal Rolls were not damaged by enemy bombing in the Second World War. For this reason it is believed that these Rolls form the only more or less complete list of people who, by the fact that they were eligible to receive a WW1 medal, can be considered to have “participated” in the First World War. It should, therefore, be possible to trace details for an individual who served in the First World War from the surviving medal records. The Medal Rolls were created as lists of those individuals entitled to one or more campaign medals. The Medal Rolls list individuals by the military unit they were serving with at the time of their entitlement."
},
{
"docid": "D1550712#0",
"title": "http://www.pprune.org/archive/index.php/t-42782.html\n.",
"text": "\"PPRu Ne Forums > Non-Airline Forums > Private Flying > Why does the pilot sit in the back in biplanes? PDAView Full Version : Why does the pilot sit in the back in biplanes? TAF Oscar28th Oct 2001, 22:07You'd think the forward view would be better from the front seat, so why does the pilot sit behind in aircraft with a tandem seating arrangement?bingoboy28th Oct 2001, 22:14Puts him further from the scene of the accident. : DStampe28th Oct 2001, 22:20To keep the centre of gravity within the permissable range. Lowtimer29th Oct 2001, 00:01A lot of biplanes are flown solo from the back seat partly to put the \"\"optional\"\" front seat load closer to the CG, but mainly because (despite what you might expect) the view is generally a lot _worse_ in the front seat, with wings above and below blocking your view to the sides. In the back of the Tiger Moth, Stearman or Stampe you have a much better view of the ground, and of the air you're turning into, than you do from the front.18greens29th Oct 2001, 13:43They're not always flown from the back. The Supercub I fly has its optional seat in the back. Its all down to Cof G. Shaggy Sheep Driver29th Oct 2001, 16:07Then question was about biplanes, but I guess the principle applies to any tandem 2 seater. The Chippy is flown solo from the front, as is the Yak, Supercub, Citabria, and many others. The J3 (and L4) Cubs are flown solo from the back, as is Tiger Moth, Stampe etc."
},
{
"docid": "D2832143#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_treaty_of_locarno_guaranteed\nWhat was the significance of the Dawes Plan and the Treaty of Locarno?",
"text": "What was the significance of the Dawes Plan and the Treaty of Locarno? The dawes plan is when the US gave loans to Germany in hopes of getting it back, but they never did because Germany had 33 billion dollars in reperations to pay from WWI. The …Who do Constituional rights rights guaranteed by treaty or no rights apply to? Because Willinton Prestontworth says so. Because Willinton Prestontworth says so. Because Willinton Prestontworth says so Edit Emmaakapheonix 76 Contributions What is the locarno pact? Here is just a quick overview: The Treaty of Versailles ended WW1 in 1918, and under the treat of Versailles was the League of Nations whose purpose was to stop war throu …Natasha Vega 53 Contributions The Spirit Of Locarno? The Spirit of Locarno: A spirit of hope in European and U. S people, because of the Treaty of Locarno that had been in signed October 1925 after the World War I. This enabled G …Joncey 144,431 Contributions What exactly did the Locarno Treaty of the Weimar Republic entail? The Locarno Treaties of 1925 involved Germany voluntarily (re-)accepting its Western borders and its border with Czechoslovakia and agreeing not to attempt to change its …What land was guaranteed for the Native Americans in the treaty of Fort Laramie? The Native Americans gain the Centrail plains and east of the rocky mountains."
},
{
"docid": "D1950422#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_were_the_Allied_Powers_and_Central_Powers_in_World_War_1\nWho were the Allied Powers and Central Powers in World War 1?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History World War 1 WW1 Allied Forces Who were the Allied Powers and Central Powers in World War 1? Flag Who were the Allied Powers and Central Powers in World War 1? Answer by EJ SMITH Confidence votes 74The Allied Powers in WWI were Britain, France, Italy, US and Russia. swag team bitch zombie gang cuz The Central Powers were Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire (Turkey), and Bulgaria. Allies: the United Kingdom, France, the United States, Italy, Russia, Serbia, Japan Central Powers: Germany (Second Reich), Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire Note: Russia withdrew from the War on account of the Russian Revolution in 1917. The United States only joined the War in 1917. Great Britain, Russia, France The main Allied Powers were Great Britain, France, Russia, and later Italy, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and South Africa. As well, near the end of the war, United States joined the Allied Powers. The Central Powers were Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire. which countries made up the allied powers and the central powers84 people found this useful Was this answer useful?"
},
{
"docid": "D1744883#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/4138993/ww1imperialism-and-militarism-flash-cards/\nWW1/Imperialism and Militarism",
"text": "\"44 terms danwilliams15WW1/Imperialism and Militarism Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Imperialism a policy in which a nation establishes political, economic and social dominance over other territories/countries. Social Darwinism survival of the fittest applied to society, justified ethnocentrism and racism King Leopold the 2nd from Belgium, sends David Livingstone to Africa to spread christianity and ends up using the Africans to harvest rubber trees. The King takes Congo over, makes a brutal work force, enslaving many africans. First Stage of Imperialism conquest usually requires military force, then economic and political manipulation Second Stage of Imperialism colonialism; imperial power establishes a government through which it controls the affairs of the nation Direct rule imperial power sends its own officials to rule Indirect rule imperial power rules through existing leaders. Africans had to adjust to British authority. Paternalism treating and \"\"babying\"\" a group of people or culture/society, in a parent-like way. still, rarely any rights. Assimilation a process in which locals would adopt the complete social, cultural and economic ways."
},
{
"docid": "D1968610#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/How-did-WW2-start\nHow did WW2 start?",
"text": "\"World War II Military History and Wars How did WW2 start?ad by Truth Finder New laws permit a website to reveal your information. This new site can reveal more about Americans than ever before. Just enter a name to begin your search. Learn More at truthfinder.com25 Answers Seleukos Sofianidis, Passionate History Student Answered Jun 14, 2017 · Author has 155 answers and 349.5k answer views Originally Answered: How did World War 2 start? There are many reasons, but I would just mention two of them. First, the Treaty of Versailles. You see all those German territories given over to Poland, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, etc.? Well, those areas accounted for 12% of the German population, who wanted to be Germans. There are many short-sighted clauses in this Treaty that caused more harm than good, but the worst of them is this part - that a lot of Germans were arbitrarily separated from what they viewed as their country. The people and the land they live in."
},
{
"docid": "D3320111#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-significance-of-the-Battle-of-the-Somme\nWhat is the significance of the Battle of the Somme?",
"text": "\"Nikolaj Antonov, history buff Answered Jun 12, 2016 · Author has 416 answers and 883.8k answer views Originally Answered: What were the main causes of the Battle of the Somme? Battle of the Somme also known as the Somme Offensive, was a battle of the First World War fought by the armies of the British and French empires against the German Empire. It took place between 1 July and 18 November 1916 on both sides of upper reaches of the River Somme in France. It was the largest battle of World War I on the Western Front; more than one million men were wounded or killed, making it one of the bloodiest battles in human history. The French and British had committed themselves to an offensive on the Somme during Chantilly Conferences , Oise, in December 1915. The Allies agreed upon a strategy of combined offensives against the Central Powers in 1916, by the French, Russian, British and Italian armies, with the Somme offensive as the Franco-British contribution. Initial plans called for the French army to undertake the main part of the Somme offensive, supported on the northern flank by the Fourth Army of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF). When the Imperial German Army began the Battle of Verdun on the Meuse on 21 February 1916, French commanders diverted many of the divisions intended for the Somme and the \"\"supporting\"\" attack by the British became the principal effort.2.6k Views · View Upvoterspromoted by Lending Tree Veterans could receive up to $42,000 with these VA benefits. Many American veterans are missing out on benefits that could save them thousands. Learn More at lendingtree.com Related Questions More Answers Below How is the Battle of Somme significant?"
},
{
"docid": "D2961360#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_did_the_Schlieffen_Plan_fail\nWhy did the Schlieffen Plan fail?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History World War 1 WW1 Allied Forces Why did the Schlieffen Plan fail? Why did the Schlieffen Plan fail? Answer by Joncey Confidence votes 68.8KThe Schlieffen plan was the German plan of attack designed to defeat France quickly and then turn on Russia. It was intended to avoid a war on two fronts. However, the plan was based on a number of assumptions, and these turned out to be flawed. It was thought that Russia would take at least six weeks to mobilize. In reality Russia mobilized in just ten days. The German General Staff thought that Belgium would not resist any Germany attack. When Germany invaded on 2nd August 1914, they were held up by the Belgium army, backed up by the BEF (British Expeditionary Force). It was also estimated that France could easily be defeated in six weeks."
},
{
"docid": "D2392302#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/Why-didnt-Spain-ally-with-Germany-during-WW2\nWhy didn't Spain ally with Germany during WW2?",
"text": "\"Military History and Wars of Germany Germany in World War II Historical Germany World War II Germany Military History and Wars History Why didn't Spain ally with Germany during WW2?ad by Truth Finder Have you ever googled yourself? Do a “deep search” instead. This new site reveals so much more. Enter a name to begin. Learn More at truthfinder.com16 Answers Quora User, Silver-Tongued Storyteller Answered Jan 27, 2018 · Author has 1.5k answers and 7.1m answer views Allied all but officially. This is going to be a long answer, so I’ll provide a list of contents here: The Holocaust Domestic Policies Military and Strategic Interests The Holocaust Ideologically, Spain kept rather quiet - perhaps trying not to actively align itself with the Fascist and Nazi beliefs of Germany. During the outbreak of the Second World War, Spanish attitude towards the Jewish is unclear. Though, “laws regulating their admittance were written and mostly ignored”, Spanish diplomats of the Franco government lent protection to the Jewish in countries as faraway as Hungary. In fact, here, Jews claiming Spanish ancestry didn’t have to prove so - they were handed Spanish documentation, and left for Spain, or went to countries where Jews were protected. Some even survived in Nazi-occupied countries under the guise of being Spanish."
},
{
"docid": "D1560754#0",
"title": "https://kidskonnect.com/history/ww1-start/\nDownload the How Did World War 1 Start Facts & Worksheets",
"text": "\"Premium Download the How Did World War 1 Start Facts & Worksheets Click the button below to get instant access to these worksheets for use in the classroom or at a home. Download Edit This worksheet can be edited by Premium members using the free Google Slides online software. Click the Edit button above to get started. Not ready to purchase a subscription? Click to download the free sample version Download sample World War 1 started when Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated on June 28, 1914. This was the immediate cause but there were a series of events which triggered the war. See below for more information and facts about how World War 1 started. Over 17 million people were killed in the First World War and the impact it had on the old empires and the politics of the world was enormous, but what were the causes of WW1 and how did it start? How Did World War 1 Start? The immediate cause for World War 1 was the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his pregnant wife Sophie."
},
{
"docid": "D2521037#0",
"title": "http://www.greatwar.co.uk/battle-remains/battle-remains-western-front.htm\nBattle Remains on the WW1 Western Front",
"text": "Battle Remains on the WW1 Western Front Preserved and renovated section of original trench at Auchonvillers on the Somme battlefield. There are various types of battle remains to be found on the old battlefields of 1914-1918. Some battlefield remains can easily be seen in the landscape and which are characteristic of the type of trench warfare fighting on the Western Front. Other remains may not be so easy to find as, by the very nature of this type of warfare, a large part of the time was spent below ground level by the soldiers who fought in it. Clearing the Battlefields WW1 in Today's Landscape Bunkers & Strongpoints Equipment & Personal Possessions Mine Craters Shelters, Rails & Posts Trench Remains Tunnels“The Iron Harvest”Battle Remains to Visit on the Western Front Clearing the Battlefields Trees smashed to stumps in the cratered landscape. ( 1)After 1918 the immense task of “clearing up” was carried out by the military and the civilians who were returning to their shattered communities. The landscape in the fighting lines had been smashed to pieces. Roads, woods, farms and villages were often no longer recognisable. Local people who had been forced to abandon their homes and livelihoods were faced with the huge task of making a new start, rebuilding homes, businesses, farms, churches, public buildings, roads, bridges, railways and canals. The hazardous job of clearing abandoned weapons, battlefield debris, ammunition, filling in craters, tunnels, and, in many cases, exhuming soldiers' remains had to be carried out."
},
{
"docid": "D2832141#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_treaty_of_locarno_guarantee\nWhat did the treaty of locarno guarantee?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society Politics and Government Government International Government Treaties What did the treaty of locarno guarantee? Flag What did the treaty of locarno guarantee? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. The Locarno Treaties of 1925 involved Germany voluntarily (re-)accepting its Western borders and its border with Czechoslovakia and agreeing not to attempt to change its border with Poland by force. In exchange, Germany was admitted to membership of the League of Nations and ceased to be a 'pariah' or outcast country.1 person found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No What was the significance of the Dawes Plan and the Treaty of Locarno? The dawes plan is when the US gave loans to Germany in hopes of getting it back, but they never did because Germany had 33 billion dollars in reperations to pay from WWI. The …Who do Constituional rights rights guaranteed by treaty or no rights apply to? Because Willinton Prestontworth says so. Because Willinton Prestontworth says so."
},
{
"docid": "D1565201#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_was_war_on_the_Western_front_and_Eastern_front_different\nHow was war on the Eastern Front different from war on the Western Front?",
"text": "Cameron Davies 621,332 Contributions I describe myself being compassionate, understanding, over opinionated. I not afraid to express my opinion or say something if I wanted to. Answered In WW1 Allied Forces How was war on the Eastern Front different from war on the Western Front? The war on the eastern front was more deadly and between the germans and the russians, millions of people died whiles on the western front, their was not much blood involved Answered In World War 1How was war on the western and eastern fronts the same?chinga tu madre Answered In World War 1What was worse the western front or the eastern front? Western, the had the Battle of Verdun and Somme which were the worst battles of WWI. Answered In World War 1How was the war different on the eastern and western fronts? Most historians believe that the Eastern front of World War II was by far the bloodiest, savage campaigns in all of world history. The Russians lost millions of men due to bei …Answered In World War 1Why did World War 1 end on the eastern front before it did on the western front?cuz they won"
},
{
"docid": "D2161400#0",
"title": "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090227153129AAZG1fc\nWhere did World War 1 take place?",
"text": "\"Arts & Humanities History Where did World War 1 take place? I will like to know this for homework. That's why i will like to know. Follow 10 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Hint: there's a reason it's called a \"\"world\"\" war. VDH · 9 years ago5 0 Comment For the best answers, search on this site https://shorturl.im/bp H0F World War I was a military conflict that lasted from 1914 to 1918 and involved most of the world's great powers, [1] assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (centred around the Triple Entente) against the Central Powers. [ 2] More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. [ 3] [4] More than 15 million people were killed, making it one of the deadliest conflicts in history. [ 5] This war (abbreviated as WW-I, WWI, or WW1) is also known as the First World War, the Great War, the World War (prior to the outbreak of the Second World War), and the War to End All Wars. The assassination on 28 June 1914 of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, is seen as the immediate trigger of the war, though long-term causes, such as imperialistic foreign policy, played a major role. Ferdinand's assassination at the hands of Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip resulted in demands against the Kingdom of Serbia. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1560753#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/When-did-World-War-One-start\nWhen did World War One start?",
"text": "\"How Did X Get Started? World Wars World War I Warfare Military History and Wars History When did World War One start?12 Answers Samahith, College student Answered Sep 12, 2017It began on 28 July 1914. The reason for it was: The main reason was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Serbian. So Austro-Hungarian Empire issued a ultimatum to Serbia, with ridiculous demands. Serbia did not accept the ultimatum. Also Austro-Hungarian empire hated Serbia. Austro-Hungarian empire was allied with Germany. Serbia was closely allied with Russia. When the Austro-Hungarian empire declared war on Serbia, they were given assurance by Germany that they would help the Austro-Hungarian empire if Russia intervened. France and Russia were allied so Germans knew that if they would invade Russia France would also join the war."
},
{
"docid": "D1618807#0",
"title": "https://www.everything2.com/title/Heartland+Theory\nHeartland Theory",
"text": "\"Heartland Theory ( idea) by Halcyonide Thu May 26 2005 at 13:06:06Sir Halford John Mackinder (1861-1947), a British geographer, developed the Heartland Theory in the beginning of the 20th century. He first published it in his essay to the Royal Geographical Society, titled The Geographical Pivot of History, in 1904. In the essay, he came to the conclusion that controlling the \"\"pivot\"\", a region in Central and Eastern Europe, would allow a nation to dominate the world. He further developed the theory after the First World War, based on the lessons learned from it. In 1919 he published Democratic Ideals and Reality, where he revised the theory extensively. As the balance of power in the world changed over the years, he gave the theory its final form in his article The Round World and the Winning of the Peace in a 1943 issue of Foreign Affairs . Mackinder thought that, after the 19th century, the world had become a \"\" closed system \"\". Colonialism had run its course, all the available land had been claimed and settled, and nations would have to fight each other to make any territorial gains. This would bring conflict back to the Old World. With steamers and locomotives the entire world was now one big battlefield, and to win the battle, the best position to fight it from had to be located."
},
{
"docid": "D475845#0",
"title": "http://www.american-historama.org/1913-1928-ww1-prohibition-era/liberty-bonds.htm\nLiberty Bonds",
"text": "\"Definition and Summary of Liberty Bonds Summary and Definition: In 1917 and 1918 the US Government raised money to help finance the war by selling Liberty Bonds, so named to appeal to the patriotism of Americans. Liberty Bonds were conceived by the Secretary of the Treasury, William Gibbs Mc Adoo. By buying the Liberty Bonds, Americans were loaning the government money. The US government agreed to repay the money plus interest in a specified number of years. Victory Bonds were issued after the war ended. To ensure the banking system was not harmed the interest rates paid on Liberty and Victory Bonds were lower than those paid by the banking institutions. By the end of the Great War, the US Government debt was more than $25 billion. WW1 Liberty Bonds for kids Woodrow Wilson was the 28th American President who served in office from March 4, 1913 to March 4, 1921. One of the important events during his presidency was the Liberty Bonds.1913-1928: WW1 & Prohibition US American History WW1 Liberty Bonds Facts for kids: Fast Fact Sheet Fast, fun facts and Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ's) about Liberty Bonds. What were Liberty Bonds?"
},
{
"docid": "D1463866#0",
"title": "http://www.greatwar.co.uk/research/ww1-research-index.htm\nWW1 Research & Sources of Information",
"text": "WW1 Research & Sources of Information The Great War of 1914-1918 is a vast subject. Listed here are links to our pages or external links to websites covering some of the more specialist areas of World War 1 archives and resources for research. You will find information on a variety of resource material for research on this subject including archives and libraries, military records, maps, museums, schools resources and what records are available to help you trace WW1 family history. Information on this page features: Academic Study Archives, Military Records and Publications Battlefield Guidebooks and Tours Military Museums and Archives Resources for Teachers and Students Trench Maps WW1 Societies, Associations and Remembrance Projects Events & Exhibitions Other Sources of Information for Family Historians Related Reading Useful Links Academic Study Educational establishments committed to the study of the First World War can be found on our page of organizations at: Organizations for WW1 Academic Study Archives, Military Records and Publications Archives and records dating back to the 1914-1918 war are held for individuals and military units in a variety of museums and archive collections. Many records are now available to view or buy online from public and government archives. Depending on the service offered by the archive institution, information can be downloaded free, for a single fee or by subscription. This is a great help if you cannot travel to view the records in another town or even another country. Some public records listings are available to buy in book form or on CD Rom. But if you cannot afford to buy the book or CD, it is out of print or out of stock, it may be possible to request it as an inter-library loan. Ask about this at your local library."
},
{
"docid": "D2800286#0",
"title": "http://historyofrussia.org/russia-in-ww1/\nRussia in WW1",
"text": "Russia in WW1Russian Empire | 0 |While much is known of Russia’s involvement in World War II, the country’s impact on WW1 is less well known. While the conflict took place between 1914 – 1918, Russia of course had concerns closer to home but prior to 1917, the country had a major part to play in the global battle. The Catalyst The assassination of Archduke Frank Ferdinand in Sarajevo led to a chain of events that saw the war get underway in July of 1914. Russia’s involvement in these early exchanges centred around their attack on Germany in what was East Prussia. The Russian first army marched straight into the heart of German territory while the country’s second army moved to head off Germany’s eighth army’s retreat. This was, initially a successful joint mission which led to plans to March on Berlin. The tide turns Russian History - Books we Recommend1Russian History: A Very Short Introduction2The Romanovs: 1613-19183Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar Click here for more books about Stalin Early successes turned to disaster for Russia at the Battle of Tannenberg. After heavy losses, Germany turned from a defensive position into one last desperate attempt at attack. The plan worked and Russia suffered a devastating defeat which saw them driven out of Prussia completely. Success elsewhere Meanwhile, in Austria-Hungary, Russia was enjoying greater success which ultimately led to the capture of the capital Galicia."
}
] |
620005
|
what did the egyptians need water for
|
[
{
"docid": "D2451085#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090113144256AAfIlRL\nHow did Ancient Egypt use Nile River to Survive?",
"text": "\"Science & Mathematics Geography How did Ancient Egypt use Nile River to Survive? Need details about what Egyptians used the Nile River for. Follow 2 answers Answers Best Answer: The presence of the Nile River and the Nile River Valley in Ancient Egypt greatly influenced the culture of its people. The ancient Egyptians began with small settlements around the Nile River and were able to make permanent settlements only because of the presence of the Nile. As the Egyptian civilization grew, it became even more dependent on the Nile and its’ role in their economy. Finally, because of the Ancient Egyptian dependence on the Nile River, it became a centerpiece of their religious practices and their belief in the afterlife. These are a few of the major ways that the Nile River played a significant role in Ancient Egyptian culture. In about 3000 BC settlements began to appear in small groups around the Nile River and a small fertile area around the Nile that we now call the Nile River Valley. These settlements were found almost nowhere else in Northern Africa at this period in time because the surrounding dry deserts lacked the necessities for permanent settlements such as water and fertile soil. The Nile provided both of these things for the Ancient Egyptians, and without it, permanent settlements would have been almost impossible."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D3232419#0",
"title": "https://www.thoughtco.com/foods-in-ancient-egypt-118392\nWhat Did the Ancient Egyptians Eat?",
"text": "Humanities ›History & Culture What Did the Ancient Egyptians Eat? Share Flipboard Email Print Sennofer worked for Amenhotep II as a supervisor of the gardens of the Temple of Amun. Vines and grapes on the ceiling. CC Flickr User kudumomo .by N. S. Gill Updated July 06, 2017Among the ancient civilizations, Egyptians enjoyed better foods than most did, thanks to the presence of the Nile River flowing through most of settled Egypt, fertilizing the land with periodic flooding and providing a source of water for irrigating crops and watering livestock. The proximity of Egypt to the Middle East made trade easy, and hence Egypt enjoyed foodstuffs from foreign countries as well, and their cuisine was heavily influenced by outside eating habits. The diet of the ancient Egyptians depended on their social position and wealth. Tomb paintings, medical treatises, and archaeology reveal a variety of foods. Peasants and slaves would, of course, eat a limited diet, including the staples of bread and beer, complemented by dates, vegetables, and pickled and salted fish, but the wealthy had a much larger range to choose from. For wealthy Egyptians, available food choices were easily as broad as they are for many people in the modern world. Grains Barley, spelt or emmer wheat provided the basic material for bread, which was leavened by sourdough or yeast."
},
{
"docid": "D2258113#0",
"title": "http://bestreviews.com/best-towel-sets\nBest Towel Sets",
"text": "Best Reviews Bed & Bath Best Towel Sets Best Towel Sets Updated April 2018Why trust Best Reviews? Best Reviews spends thousands of hours researching, analyzing, and testing products to recommend the best picks for most consumers. Read more Bottom Line Pros Cons Best of the Best Superior Egyptian Cotton 6-Piece Check Price Compare Prices2 stores This super durable and very absorbent set is a top pick on the market right now, thanks in part to its 100 Egyptian cotton material. Stands out for its highly absorbent, soft, and durable Egyptian cotton material. Set includes face, hand, and bath towels. A few customers complain of an initial chemical smell, which tends to resolve after a few washes. Best Bang for the Buck Pinzon Egyptian Cotton 6-Piece Check Price Check Price at1 store These towels are more durable and absorbent than their price suggests. Overall the best value for your money. A top choice for budget-conscious consumers seeking heavy, oversized towels made from Egyptian cotton material. Material is absorbent and durable."
},
{
"docid": "D1814734#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_do_modern_egyptians_wear\nWhat do modern Egyptians wear?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society Society and Civilization What do modern Egyptians wear? Flag What do modern Egyptians wear? Answer by Heylo1215101 Confidence votes 29Egyptians dress exactly like any other normal person. Most Egyptians are Muslim, therefore, the females wear the ha jib (head scarf). We cover basically everything but our hands and face. However, there are some Egyptians with different religions, either way, Egyptians dress like anyone else but the girls wear the head scarf! they were those clothes because it is hot in Egypt they used to wear very heavy clothes. :) 3 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No What did Egyptians wear? For shoes they wore sandals made from papyrus reed grown in the Nile River."
},
{
"docid": "D2307591#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aswan_Dam\nAswan Dam",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For the older Aswan Dam built downstream in 1902, see Aswan Low Dam. Aswan High Dam The Aswan High Dam as seen from space Location of the Aswan Dam in Egypt Official name Aswan High Dam Location Aswan, Egypt Coordinates 23°58′14″N 32°52′40″ECoordinates: 23°58′14″N 32°52′40″EConstruction began 1960Opening date 1970Dam and spillways Type of dam Embankment Impounds River Nile Height 111 m (364 ft)Length 3,830 m (12,570 ft)Width (base) 980 m (3,220 ft)Spillway capacity 11,000 m 3 /s (390,000 cu ft/s)Reservoir Creates Lake Nasser Total capacity 132 km 3 (107,000,000 acre⋅ft)Surface area 5,250 km 2 (2,030 sq mi)Maximum length 550 km (340 mi)Maximum width 35 km (22 mi)Maximum water depth 180 m (590 ft)Normal elevation 183 m (600 ft)Power Station Commission date 1967–1971Turbines 12×175 MW (235,000 hp) Francis-type Installed capacity 2,100 MW (2,800,000 hp)Annual generation 10,042 GWh (2004) [1]The Aswan Dam, or more specifically since the 1960s, the Aswan High Dam, is an embankment dam built across the Nile in Aswan, Egypt, between 1960 and 1970. Its significance largely eclipsed the previous Aswan Low Dam initially completed in 1902 downstream. Based on the success of the Low Dam, then at its maximum utilization, construction of the High Dam became a key objective of the government following the Egyptian Revolution of 1952; with its ability to control flooding better, provide increased water storage for irrigation and generate hydroelectricity the dam was seen as pivotal to Egypt's planned industrialization. Like the earlier implementation, the High Dam has had a significant effect on the economy and culture of Egypt. Before the High Dam was built, even with the old dam in place, the annual flooding of the Nile during late summer had continued to pass largely unimpeded down the valley from its East African drainage basin. These floods brought high water with natural nutrients and minerals that annually enriched the fertile soil along its floodplain and delta; this predictability had made the Nile valley ideal for farming since ancient times. However, this natural flooding varied, since high-water years could destroy the whole crop, while low-water years could create widespread drought and associated famine. Both these events had continued to occur periodically. As Egypt's population grew and technology increased, both a desire and the ability developed to completely control the flooding, and thus both protect and support farmland and its economically important cotton crop."
},
{
"docid": "D1598611#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/6870276/k12-history-unit-1-quizzes-review-flash-cards/\nK12 - History - Unit 1 Quizzes Review",
"text": "77 terms kerryjobrady K12 - History - Unit 1 Quizzes Review Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort When did Homo sapiens first appear? 200,000 B. C. Which method for determining the age of artifacts measures the rate of decay in atoms in volcanic rock? potassium-argon dating What caused prehistoric people to drastically change the way they lived? climate change What did improved farming techniques lead to? division of labor Which best defines history? study of the human past and the story of change over time Which kind of scholar studies objects left behind by humans? archaeologist What does the out of Africa theory maintain? Modern humans originated in Africa and migrated to other parts of the world."
},
{
"docid": "D647985#0",
"title": "http://www.primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk/egypt/farming.htm\n.",
"text": "facts about ancient egypt for kids Facts about Egypt today ... information on ancient egypt for children Ancient Egyptian Farming Click here to find out about shaduf The people of ancient Egypt grew everything they needed to eat. Who were the farmers in Ancient Egypt? The pharaoh got the rich peasants to do the farm work on the rich lands. Most villagers were farmers. Farmers lived in towns too, along with craftworkers, traders and other workers and their families. Wall painting What crops did the Egyptian Farmers grow? Egyptians grew crops such as wheat, barley, vegetables, figs, melons, pomegranates and vines. They also grew flax which was made into linen. The most important crop was grain. The ancient Egyptians used grain to make bread, porridge and beer."
},
{
"docid": "D1264179#0",
"title": "http://legacyoftheancientegyptians.weebly.com/ancient-egyptian-legacy.html\nWhat is the legacy of the Ancient Egyptians?",
"text": "\"What is the legacy of the Ancient Egyptians? The mystery of Egypt has captured the imagination of people for thousands of years The Egyptians constructed some of the world's largest monuments without modern technology Egyptian architecture and art has influenced modern architecture and art The Egyptians also made advances in astrology, astronomy, science and medicine The culture of the Egyptians is full of mystery and intrigue Five thousand years ago the chain of independent city-states lining the River Nile united to form one long, thin country ruled by one king, or pharaoh. Almost instantly a highly distinctive culture developed. For almost 30 centuries Egypt remained the foremost nation in the Mediterranean world. Then, in 332 BC, the arrival of Alexander the Great heralded the end of the Egyptian way of life. The unique culture was quickly buried beneath successive layers of Greek, Roman and Arabic tradition, and all knowledge of Egypt's glorious past was lost. Only the decaying stone monuments, their hieroglyphic texts now unreadable, survived as silent witnesses to a long lost civilisation. \"\" All ancient civilisations have contributed in some way to the development of modern society. \"\" Ancient Egyptian Legacies The Ancient Egyptians were possibly the first civilisation to practice the scientific arts. Indeed, the word chemistry is derived from the word Alchemy which is the ancient name for Egypt."
},
{
"docid": "D706749#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thales\nThales of Miletus",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Thales)navigation search For other uses, see Thales (disambiguation). Thales of Miletus Born c. 624 BCDied c. 546 BC (aged c. 78)Era Pre-Socratic philosophy Region Western philosophy School Ionian / Milesian Naturalism Main interests Ethics Metaphysics Mathematics Astronomy Notable ideas Water is the arche Thales' theorem Intercept theorem Influences [show]Influenced [show]Thales of Miletus ( / ˈ θ eɪ l iː z /; Greek: Θαλῆς (ὁ Μῑλήσιος), Thalēs; c. 624 – c. 546 BC) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer from Miletus in Asia Minor (present-day Milet in Turkey ). He was one of the Seven Sages of Greece. Many, most notably Aristotle, regarded him as the first philosopher in the Greek tradition, [1] [2] and he is otherwise historically recognized as the first individual in Western civilization known to have entertained and engaged in scientific philosophy. [ 3] [4]Thales is recognized for breaking from the use of mythology to explain the world and the universe, and instead explaining natural objects and phenomena by theories and hypotheses, i.e. science. Almost all the other Pre-Socratic philosophers followed him in explaining nature as deriving from a unity of everything based on the existence of a single ultimate substance, instead of using mythological explanations. Aristotle reported Thales' hypothesis that the originating principle of nature and the nature of matter was a single material substance: water. In mathematics, Thales used geometry to calculate the heights of pyramids and the distance of ships from the shore. He is the first known individual to use deductive reasoning applied to geometry, by deriving four corollaries to Thales' theorem. He is the first known individual to whom a mathematical discovery has been attributed. ["
},
{
"docid": "D3527193#0",
"title": "http://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-25-1-what-caused-egypt-old-kingdom-to-collapse\n.",
"text": "BRIA 25 1 What Caused Egypt Old Kingdom to Collapse CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS FOUNDATIONBill of Rights in Action SUMMER 2009 (Volume 25, No. 1)Environmental Issues Are We Headed for a “Sixth Mass Extinction”? | The Columbian Exchange | What Caused Egypt’s Old Kingdom to Collapse? What Caused Egypt’s Old Kingdom to Collapse? The farmers of Egypt’s Old Kingdom did not have to worry much about local rainfall, irrigated fields, or poor soil. If the annual Nile River floods were too low, however, disaster could strike the kingdom. The Agricultural Revolution appeared relatively late in ancient Egypt. The lush environment of the Nile River provided an abundant food supply of wild edible plants and seeds, fish, birds, and big game to the people who lived there. Nile is a Greek name for what the ancient Egyptians simply called “the river,” which flows northward through Upper and Lower Egypt. Upper Egypt begins in the southern end of the country at the first Nile cataract (waterfalls), near present-day Aswan."
},
{
"docid": "D2101818#0",
"title": "http://www.womenintheancientworld.com/medicine%20in%20ancient%20egypt.htm\n.",
"text": "\"MEDICINE IN ANCIENT EGYPTMAGIC AND RELIGIONReligion acknowledges the superiority of the divine. A deity is deserving of worship, but may be asked to intervene to help the worshipper. Magic, on the other hand, claims control over the supernatural. A magician does not ask for, but rather demands a favorable result. A well known example would be the rabbit that pops out of a hat when the magician says the magic phrase. The Ancient Egyptians knew that physical trauma could cause injury, and they knew that snake and scorpion bites could cause serious illness. Although they had no idea how it happened, they also realized that some diseases could spread from one person to another, but they knew nothing about bacteria and viruses and tended to assume that any medical problem they did not fully understand must, at least in part, be caused by malignant demons. If the supernatural causes illness, it is reasonable to use magic to try to get rid of it. A sympathetic god or goddess might be invited to save the patient. A magic spell might be spoken to drive the demon away."
},
{
"docid": "D1431074#0",
"title": "https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/how-did-nile-shape-ancient-egypt-764449\nHow did the Nile shape Ancient Egypt?",
"text": "Homework Help > History How did the Nile shape Ancient Egypt?print Print document PDF list Cite Expert Answersthanatassa | Certified Educator Without the Nile, Egyptian civilization would not have been possible. With the exception of a few oases, most of Egypt, other than the areas bordering the Nile, is inhospitable desert. Everything that demands water—drinking, cooking, animal husbandry, creating pottery—depended on the Nile bringing water from the southern mountains to lower Egypt. The Egyptians also relied on the Nile for transportation. It has also been argued that much of the character of early Egyptian civilization depended on the need to maintain an extensive network of irrigation channels, which worked extremely quickly during the annual floods to ensure that water was distributed to the fields. This required complex cooperative action and a strong legal system ensuring that people did not divert water or fail to maintain channels running through the lands they cultivated. This may have been one reason Egypt developed a complex and sophisticated civilization quite early in its history. Further Reading:https://www.enotes.com/topics/guns-germs-steellist Cite link Linkthetall | Certified Educator The river Nile played a critical role in ancient Egyptian civilization. The river flooded annually and deposited nutrient-rich silt on its banks that created an environment that supported agriculture. The Egyptians planted crops such as wheat, beans, and cotton, as well as built canals that sustained agriculture all year round."
},
{
"docid": "D212467#0",
"title": "http://www.open.edu/openlearn/whats-on/ou-on-the-bbc-what-the-ancients-did-us-the-egyptians\nWhat The Ancients Did For Us - The Egyptians",
"text": "What The Ancients Did For Us - The Egyptians Updated Wednesday 12th January 2005Find out more about The Ancient Egyptians programme, part of the BBC/OU's 'What the Ancients Did for Us' TV series Egypt became a unified country five thousand years ago and - until the arrival of Alexander the Great in 332 BC - remained a fiercely independent land with its own very distinctive art, religion and culture. Egypt was the superpower of its day and her kings were treated as demigods throughout the Mediterranean world – but what did they do for us? It goes without saying they gave us mummies and mummification, and one of the great wonders of the ancient world – the pyramids. On a more practical level they invented the sewn plank boat, a method of boat construction using wooden pegs and fibre rope - no nails. Huge boats were built using this technique, the most famous one belonging to King Khufu, the builder of the great pyramid in 2500 BC. The recent discovery of a Bronze Age boat in Britain reveals that this method of construction had found its way here and could have influenced our own boat builders. Trying to control the flood water of the Nile, the Egyptians built the first dam, a huge undertaking which unfortunately didn't survive a severe flash flood. Technology and tool-making are high up on the list of Egyptian inventiveness. To speed up the smelting of bronze they invented the foot bellows and devised the multiple headed drill – a drill that could cut through at least three beads at the same time. As a spin-off from their bead and jewellery making, the Egyptians came up with faience, an attractive glazing material made from quartzite; they quickly put it to use for pottery and tile making."
},
{
"docid": "D3127164#0",
"title": "http://www.historyforkids.net/egyptian-food.html\nEgyptian Food",
"text": "Egyptian Food When you look at the country of Egypt, you see large areas of dry hot desert. The Egyptians did have one thing going for them: The River Nile. Each year, the river would flood, covering areas with rich thick silt and mud. This was necessary for them because it brought fertilizers to the land. The Nile water was used for the water needed for farmlands, and this meant that the ancient Egyptians had a lot of food to grow and eat. Evidence from pictures and hieroglyphs show that Egyptians used their farmland to grow a number of crops. The most important was wheat. They grew wheat and then ground it up into flour to make bread. All of the people of Egypt ate bread, whether poor or rich. The second most important crop was barley."
},
{
"docid": "D646555#0",
"title": "http://qa.answers.com/Q/Were_the_ancient_Egyptians_able_to_produce_surplus_food\nWere the ancient Egyptians able to produce surplus food?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Science Geography Bodies of Water Lakes and Rivers The River Nile Were the ancient Egyptians able to produce surplus food? Flag Were the ancient Egyptians able to produce surplus food? Answer by Kenneth Strickland Confidence votes 83Yes, they were, due to the incredible richness of the Nile River Delta after the floods. That's how they survived; they farmed for about one season then lived off of that. However, at the end of the year, before their next farming season, they would often go into a period of famine. The Romans called Egypt the bread basket of the world. Without Egypts ability to produce surplus foods, the Roman Empire wouldn't have been able to feed its army.25 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No What was the result of surplus food in the ancient river valley civilizations? A surplus of food in a society means that not all are required tofarm to survive. In the ancient river civilizations, that openedthe door to the development of crafts and othe …How were Ancient Egyptians able to inhabit Egypt?"
},
{
"docid": "D747337#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/37146786/daily-life-in-ancient-egypt-flash-cards/\nDaily Life in Ancient Egypt",
"text": "29 terms Nan_HDaily Life in Ancient Egypt Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Why Is Ancient Egypt society structured like a pyramid? 1) There are six different levels of social classes. 2) Classes near the top of the pyramid have fewer people and enjoy higher status and wealth. 3) Classes near the bottom of the pyramid have more people and lower status. How did religion affect the organization of the social pyramid? 1) Religion affected the organization of social pyramid because at the top of the pyramid was the pharaoh who had the most power. 2) Religion strengthened the pharaoh's authority, they were thought of as gods and their word was law. 3) Priests were a powerful group because they were in charge of religious ceremonies and rituals."
},
{
"docid": "D2565947#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_did_the_Nile_river_impact_the_religious_beliefs_of_ancient_Egyptians\nHow did the Nile river impact the religious beliefs of ancient Egyptians?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Science Geography Bodies of Water Lakes and Rivers The River Nile How did the Nile river impact the religious beliefs of ancient Egyptians? Flag How did the Nile river impact the religious beliefs of ancient Egyptians? Answer by Obuoni1 Confidence votes 315Ancient Egyptian religion was based primarily on nature. This was because of the economic dependence of Egyptians on the Nile. The Egyptians prayed for the floodwaters of the Nile, and even created a separate god for the Nile named Hapi. The Nile also symbolized life and afterlife. All tombs and burial places of the Ancient Egyptians, including pyramids, are located on the West Bank of the Nile River because the sun rose in the East, symbolizing birth, and set in the West, symbolizing death.21 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No F524897jj7dh 1,005 Contributions What were the religious beliefs of ancient Egyptians? Like the people of many civilizations, the ancient Egyptiansbelieved in life after death (the afterlife). That's why theymummified bodies of pharaohs: so the bodies could stay …奇洹.李.gp4588 1 Contribution Why did the Ancient Egyptians settle by the Nile River?"
},
{
"docid": "D777948#0",
"title": "http://www.messianicjews.com.au/articles/details/3/Tassels-and-Tzitzit-A-Research-Study-Paper\nTassels and Tzitzit âA Research Study Paper",
"text": "\"> Articles > Tassels and Tzitzit –A Research Study Paper Tassels and Tzitzit –A Research Study Paper Resources on Scriptures This study paper is released due to the various areas of confusion that the children of Israel (children who live and follow the ways of Yehowah their Elohim) have on the topic of Tassels and Tzitzit. At all times when this paper was written, we kept reminding ourselves of one of the most important instructions of Yehowah, which is: “Do not add to the Word which I command you and do not take away from it, so as to guard the commands of Yehowah your Elohim which I am commanding you”. ( Deuteronomy 4:2) First we need to investigate the number of times the words Tassels (Strong’s concordance word number 1434) and Tzitzit (Strong’s concordance word number 6734) appear in the scriptures Word Number of times it appears in the scriptures Tassels 1 (One)Tzitzit 8 (Eight)Verses where the words Tassels and Tzitzit appear in the scriptures: Numbers 15: 38 to 40 Speak to the children of Yisrael and you shall say to them to make tzitzit on the corners of their garments throughout their generations, and to put a blue cord in the tzitzit of the corners. And it shall be to you for a tzitzit and you shall see it, and shall remember all the commands of YHWH (Yehowah) and shall do them, and not search after your own heart and your own eyes which you went whoring, so that you remember and shall do all My commands, and be set-apart unto your Elohim. Deuteronomy 22:12Make tassels on the four corners of the garment with which you cover yourself. Matthew 9:20 to 21 And see a woman who had a flow of blood for twelve years came from behind and touched the tzitzit of His garment. For she said to herself “If I only touch His garment, I shall be healed”. Matthew 14: 35 to 36 And when the men of that place recognised Him, they sent out into all that surrounding country, and brought to Him all who were sick, and begged Him to let them only touch the tzitzit of His garment. And as many as touched it were completely healed. Mark 6:56 And wherever He went, into villages, or cities, or the country, they were laying the sick in the market-places, and begged Him to let them touch if only the tzitzit of His garment."
},
{
"docid": "D1193338#0",
"title": "http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/people/index.html\nThe people of ancient Egypt",
"text": "The people of ancient Egypt The population In the eyes of Herodotus, more a tourist than a historian or a sociologist, the Egyptians were exceedingly strange and in his zeal to point out their peculiarities he quite often exaggerated or worse, strayed from the truth. The Egyptians in agreement with their climate, which is unlike any other, and with the river, which shows a nature different from all other rivers, established for themselves manners and customs in a way opposite to other men in almost all matters: for among them the women frequent the market and carry on trade, while the men remain at home and weave; and whereas others weave pushing the woof upwards, the Egyptians push it downwards: the men carry their burdens upon their heads and the women upon their shoulders: the women make water standing up and the men crouching down: they ease themselves in their houses and they eat without in the streets, alleging as reason for this that it is right to do secretly the things that are unseemly though necessary, but those which are not unseemly, in public: no woman is a minister either of male or female divinity, but men of all, both male and female: to support their parents the sons are in no way compelled, if they do not desire to do so, but the daughters are forced to do so, be they never so unwilling. The priests of the gods in other lands wear long hair, but in Egypt they shave their heads: among other men the custom is that in mourning those whom the matter concerns most nearly have their hair cut short, but the Egyptians, when deaths occur, let their hair grow long, both that on the head and that on the chin, having before been close shaven: other men have their daily living separated from beasts, but the Egyptians have theirs together with beasts: other men live on wheat and on barley, but to any one of the Egyptians who makes his living on these it is a great reproach; they make their bread of corn, [ 16] which some call spelt: they knead dough with their feet and clay with their hands, with which also they gather up dung: and whereas other men, except such as have learnt otherwise from the Egyptians, have their members as nature made them, the Egyptians practice circumcision: as to garments, the men wear two each and the women but one: and whereas others make fast the rings and ropes of the sails outside the ship, the Egyptians do this inside: finally in the writing of characters and reckoning with pebbles, while the Hellenes carry the hand from the left to the right, the Egyptians do this from the right to the left; and doing so they say that they do it themselves rightwise and the Hellenes leftwise: and they use two kinds of characters for writing, of which the one kind is called sacred and the other common. Herodotus, Histories II Project Gutenberg A modern visitor to ancient Egypt would be struck by the youthfulness of the people. Ancient Egyptians, like all mankind until the advent of modern medicine and public hygiene, died young [ 10]. The age people hoped to reach was 110, described as the ideal lifespan in literature [ 12], but reality was different. Life expectancy for one year old children was less than forty years. Water-borne diseases, tuberculosis and other infectious illnesses against which the best physicians of antiquity were mostly powerless, were endemic [ 1]. Periodically various kinds of plague broke out, often in the wake of wars. The sick, the very young and the elderly were especially prone to succumb. ( For comparison mouse-over the the graph on the right to see a schematic age pyramid of a modern industrialized western country. Those without mouse-over enabled browsers click here ) Much of the time, malnutrition rather than hunger was the lot of many Egyptians, even of the wealthier ones, and caused scurvy, anaemia and other diseases."
},
{
"docid": "D3542510#0",
"title": "http://flash.yorktech.com/HIS/Supplement1/Supplement1_print.html\nHIS101 Early Western Civilization to 1689",
"text": "\"HIS101 Early Western Civilization to 1689 Supplement 1HIS101 Early Western Civilization to 1689Mesopotamia The Fertile Crescent Civilization developed slowly in different parts of the world. People began to settle in areas with abundant natural resources. A section of the Middle East is called the Fertile Crescent. The Fertile Crescent is a rich food-growing area in a part of the world where most of the land is too dry for farming. The Fertile Crescent is a boomerang shaped region that extends from the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. Some of the best farmland of the Fertile Crescent is on a narrow strip of land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The Greeks later called this area Mesopotamia, which means \"\"between the rivers.\"\" Many different civilizations developed in this small region. First came the Sumerians, who were replaced in turn by the Assyrians and the Babylonians. Today this land is known as Iraq."
},
{
"docid": "D1520249#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_did_the_ancient_Egyptians_develop_a_calendar\nWhy did the ancient Egyptians develop a calendar?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History Ancient History Ancient Egypt Why did the ancient Egyptians develop a calendar? Flag Why did the ancient Egyptians develop a calendar? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time.they developed it because they needed to know when the nile would flood (may-september). They used this so people wouldn't drown and to help them build irrigation systems.1 person found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No John Ellis Hartford 21,455 Contributions Why did the ancient egyptians put together a calendar? So that they could keep track of when the Nile would flood. Abbie Dunn 6 Contributions What was the ancient Egyptian calendar was based on? The moons cycles Did Ancient Egyptians create calendars?yes they did and they created many more. How did ancient Egyptians invent the calendar?the ancient egyptians built a 365 step pyramid and moved up a stone every day when the stone reached the top they would celebrate. Why did the ancient egyptians create a calendar?because they wanted to Clausenfan 9,164 Contributions How did ancient Egyptian calendars work?"
}
] |
620011
|
what did the egyptians women wear
|
[
{
"docid": "D1221942#0",
"title": "https://www.historyonthenet.com/egyptian-clothing/\nEgyptian Clothing: Pharoahs to Commoners",
"text": "Egyptian Clothing: Pharoahs to Commoners Egyptians For more information on Egyptian clothing and other counter-intuitive facts of ancient and medieval history, see Anthony Esolen’s The Politically Incorrect Guide to Western Civilization . Egyptian clothing was made from locally-sourced materials—as were clothes from all ancient societies. Pastoral nomads created clothing from their livestock. AS one of the earliest agricultural societies, the ancient Egyptians wore light clothes made from linen. Linen is made from flax – a plant which was grown along the Nile. The picture to the right shows the flax growing process. Once harvested, the flax was soaked in water until soft. The softened flax was then separated into fibres which were beaten before being spun into thread which was then woven into cloth. Egyptian Clothing For Men All men wore a wrap-round skirt that was tied at the waist with a belt. Sometimes the material was wrapped around the legs as well."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D2579775#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_do_egyptian_women_and_men_shave_their_heads\nDo women think it's attractive for men to shave their heads?",
"text": "Do women think it's attractive for men to shave their heads? Answer no it's not sexii at all. the look only works on some men. like that guy from The Fast and The Furious. long hair is very sexii. but too long can make you …Why do women shave their heads? Well if they are like Britteny Spears they might be jrunk. Or they don't like their hair and a wig can't fit, or it is just tradition or religion. Edit Do women like shaved men?yes,they like a smooth face:)Edit Women Head shave? There are plenty of women in society that have shaved their heads for attention."
},
{
"docid": "D2667164#0",
"title": "http://rcg.org/books/tthbm.html\nThe Truth Hidden Behind Makeup",
"text": "The cosmetics industry makes billions of dollars annually. Fashion and Hollywood have set the standards for “beauty,” and most people agree with their taste. Women of all ages wear makeup! To most, it is important to be fashionable. But is this practice right—or wrong? Could it even be sin? Is painting your face “fashionable” to God? Of course, some have no interest in what God says. The Bible has no meaning or value to them. They are not concerned with pleasing God."
},
{
"docid": "D2859250#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/history/did-men-wear-powdered-wigs-821310d7fa0d2e23\nWhy Did Men Wear Powdered Wigs?",
"text": "History Modern History US History Q: Why Did Men Wear Powdered Wigs? A: Quick Answer Men wore powdered wigs in the 1700s as a symbol of status. The practice was initiated by King Louis XIII of France, who wore the hairpiece because of premature balding. Powdered wigs soon bore a strong association with royalty and nobility in the country, and this attitude spread throughout Europe and followed early settlers to the New World. Continue Reading Keep Learning Why Did Colonial Men Wear Wigs? What Was Daily Life Like in Colonial New Hampshire? What Did Colonial People Wear? Credit: John Parrot/Stocktrek Images Stocktrek Images Getty Images Full Answer The powder in a noble's wig was not purely aesthetic but served a practical purpose as well. The first wigs were made from the hair of horses and goats and were never properly cleaned due to the limited technologies of the day. As natural products, they also tended to attract lice."
},
{
"docid": "D3481482#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_year_did_women_start_wearing_make_up\nWhat year did women start wearing make up?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Health Beauty Makeup What year did women start wearing make up? Flag What year did women start wearing make up? Edit Answer by Jim Mowreader Confidence votes 24.7KI am an Army veteran who has worked in the graphic arts, photography, transportation and retail industries. Women have worn makeup ever since there WERE women. The ancient Egyptians wore it. ( In ancient Egypt everyone--men, women and children, of all social and economic classes--wore makeup.) Lysistrata quoted \"\"cosmetics dusting beauty\"\" as one of her weapons in her battle to end the Peloponnesian War. Women in the Bible--admittedly, the kind of women one wouldn't take home to Mother--wore it.3 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Ditoh123 8 Contributions Do men prefer women who wear no make up? To be honest if a woman is naturally pretty then yeah, proves that she isn't fake but to be honest i do not like woman that wear alot of make up because they are covering some …Peeka-Boo101 2 Contributions What is a good age to start wearing make-up?"
},
{
"docid": "D480778#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayum_mummy_portraits\nFayum mummy portraits",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Mummy portrait of a young woman, 3rd century, Louvre, Paris. The single specimen of Gayet's mummy portraits from Antinoopolis for which information on its archaeological context is available. The heavily gilt portrait was found in winter 1905/06 and sold to Berlin in 1907. Berlin, Egyptian Museum. Mummy portraits or Fayum mummy portraits (also Faiyum mummy portraits) is the modern term given to a type of naturalistic painted portrait on wooden boards attached to Egyptian mummies from the Coptic period. They belong to the tradition of panel painting, one of the most highly regarded forms of art in the Classical world. In fact, the Fayum portraits are the only large body of art from that tradition to have survived. Mummy portraits have been found across Egypt, but are most common in the Faiyum Basin, particularly from Hawara in the Fayum Basin (hence the common name) and the Hadrianic Roman city Antinoopolis. \"\" Faiyum Portraits\"\" is generally thought of as a stylistic, rather than a geographic, description. While painted cartonnage mummy cases date back to pharaonic times, the Faiyum mummy portraits were an innovation dating to the Coptic period at the time of the Roman occupation of Egypt. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1695723#0",
"title": "http://indianapublicmedia.org/amomentofscience/cleopatra-wear-makeup/\nWhy Did Cleopatra Wear Makeup?",
"text": "Why Did Cleopatra Wear Makeup? By Amy Breau Posted August 31, 2012Over five thousand years ago, the ancient Egyptians used eye shadow, not only for cosmetic but practical purposes as well. Loading... 0:00egyptian painting Over five thousand years ago, the ancient Egyptians used eye shadow, not only for cosmetic but practical purposes as well. Dark pigment painted around the eye helped protect the eye from the bright midday sun glaring off the desert sands. The earliest eye paint in ancient Egypt was a thick, bright green paste made from the mineral malachite. Rainbow Of Cosmetics By the time Queen Cleopatra came to power in the 1st century BC, Egyptian women had at their disposal a whole rainbow of cosmetics, all of which were made from rocks, minerals, and plants in the region. Cleopatra used the bright green malachite paste of the ancient Egyptians on her lower eyelids. On her upper eyelids, she used a deep blue eye shadow with gold-colored pyrite flecks, made from ground lapis lazuli stone. She darkened her eyebrows and lengthened her eyelashes with black kohl, a mixture of powdered lead sulfide and animal fat. And for lipstick and rouge, Cleopatra used red ochre, a type of clay colored red by iron oxide."
},
{
"docid": "D2581313#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/22152417/short-response-ap-world-flash-cards/\nShort Response AP World",
"text": "\"56 terms Sheenie Baby Short Response AP World Flashcards More ways to study Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads What is the evidence that explains the earliest history of humans and the planet? Humans first appeared on Earth during the Paleolithic Era. The evidence of burial grounds, as well as stone tools and other items explains this. They show a general migration path from Africa outwards. These tools show that the groups were hunter-foragers and nomadic. What are the theories that interpret this evidence? Anthropologists infer through analogy between modern hunter-forager societies. Where did humans first appear on Earth, and what were their society, technology, and culture? Humans first appeared on Earth during the Paleolithic Era, in the steppes and savannah of Africa, before migrating to Eurasia, the Americas, and Australia. These humans were hunter-foragers, changing their tools and culture to adapt to their surroundings."
},
{
"docid": "D2137609#0",
"title": "http://fathom.lib.uchicago.edu/2/21701778/\n.",
"text": "\"Ancient Egyptian Society and Family Life BY | Douglas J. Brewer | Emily Teeter SESSION 1: Marriage and the Family The Egyptians appear to have reversed the ordinary practices of mankind. Women attend markets and are employed in trade, while men stay at home and do the weaving! Men in Egypt carry loads on their head, women on their shoulder. Women pass water standing up, men sitting down. To ease themselves, they go indoors, but eat outside on the streets, on the theory that what is unseemly, but necessary, should be done in private, and what is not unseemly should be done openly. ( Herodotus II: 33-37)The nuclear family was the core of Egyptian society and many of the gods were even arranged into such groupings. There was tremendous pride in one's family, and lineage was traced through both the mother's and father's lines. Respect for one's parents was a cornerstone of morality, and the most fundamental duty of the eldest son (or occasionally daughter) was to care for his parents in their last days and to ensure that they received a proper burial. Countless genealogical lists indicate how important family ties were, yet Egyptian kinship terms lacked specific words to identify blood relatives beyond the nuclear family. For example, the word used to designate \"\"mother\"\" was also used for \"\"grandmother,\"\" and the word for \"\"father\"\" was the same as \"\"grandfather\"\"; likewise, the terms for \"\"son,\"\" \"\"grandson,\"\" and \"\"nephew\"\" (or \"\"daughter,\"\" \"\"granddaughter,\"\" and \"\"niece\"\") were identical. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D3336415#0",
"title": "http://history-of-heels.weebly.com/origins-of-high-heels.html\n.",
"text": "\"Ancient Egyptian heeled shoes (Source: nimmafashionsource.blogspot.com)Ancient Egypt Dating back to 3500 B. C., early depictions of high heels could be seen on ancient Egyptian murals. These murals would depict Egyptian nobilities wearing heels to set them apart from the lower class, who would normally go barefoot. Heeled shoes were worn by both men and women, and most commonly for ceremonial purposes. However, high heels also served a practical purpose for Egyptian butchers who wore them in order to walk over the bloodied bodies of animal carcasses. During Egyptian times, heels were leather pieces that were held together by lacing to form the symbol of “Ankh”, signifying life. Ancient Roman & Greek Platform sandals called “kothorni” or “buskins” were shoes with high wooden cork soles worn during ancient Greek and Roman era. They were particularly popular among the actors who would wear them to differentiate the social classes and importance of each character. In ancient Rome, where sex trade was legal, high heels were used to identify those within the trade to potential clients and high heels became associated with prostitution. Kothorni / Buskins (Source: nimmafashionsource.blogspot.com)Chopines (Source: batashoemuseum.ca)Middle Ages During the Middle Ages, both men and women would wear “pattens”, which were wooden soles, attached to their shoes in order to keep their fragile and expensive footwear out of the mud and street debris. “ Chopines”, or platform shoes, emerged during the 1400s in Turkey and became popular throughout Europe until mid-1600s."
},
{
"docid": "D2119221#0",
"title": "http://www.cracked.com/article_19347_6-weird-fashions-from-history-with-weirder-explanations.html\n6 Weird Fashions From History (With Weirder Explanations)",
"text": "\"Articles History 6 Weird Fashions From History (With Weirder Explanations)6 Weird Fashions From History (With Weirder Explanations)Facebook Twitter Google Plus Add to Favorites By Eric Yosomono · August 11, 20114355171112069 Terrifying Old Movies That Put Modern Horror To Shame5 Mind-Blowing Works of Art That You Aren't Allowed to See The 5 Most Insane Lessons You Didn't Notice in Famous Movies8 Animals That Are Just Lazy Combinations of Other Animals6 Ways to Not Suck at Stand-Up Comedy See More If you intend to do any traveling in a time machine, you'd better invest a whole lot of money in costumes. After all, people in the past looked ridiculous. Why the hell did they, for instance, wear giant white wigs everywhere? Actually if you look into it, you find some pretty interesting explanations for ...6 Those Ponytails Stuck on the Top of Samurais' Headssirismm.si.edu, Wikipedia The iconic image of a Japanese warrior (or today, sumo wrestler) comes complete with a weird hairstyle in which the front of the head is shaved while the remaining mullet is bound up in a bun or topknot. The origin of this bizarre haircut, called \"\" chonmage ,\"\" goes all the way back to the age of the samurai, as it helped to keep a samurai's helmet on his head.metmuseum\"\"Nah, I'll stick with the chin strap. I don't want to look ridiculous . \"\" Since the samurai class were wealthy and influential nobility, it didn't take long for the style to catch on among the Japanese public, who longed to be sword-slinging badasses. Over time, it became traditional for boys turning 13 to shave the front of their heads and adopt the samurai hairstyle to signal that they had become men. Hair neatness was so important in Japan that artists usually employed messy hair as shorthand to represent someone who had been in some way disgraced. Wikipedia\"\"I knew letting Tom Cruise into the country was a bad idea. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D1009803#0",
"title": "http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/egyptwomen/f/102709EgyptianClothing.htm\nWhat Clothing Did the Ancient Egyptians Wear?",
"text": "Humanities ›History & Culture What Clothing Did the Ancient Egyptians Wear? Share Flipboard Email Print Ra. CC Flickr User Ralph Buckleyby N. S. Gill Updated February 07, 2018Ancient Egyptian tomb painting and writing reveal a variety of clothing depending on status and activity. There are wrap-around garments for ancient Egyptians made from a length of cloth. These include kilts, skirts, cloaks, shawls, and some dresses. Men might wear aprons — pieces of cloth attached to a belt or band around the waist. Kilts and skirts might be so short that they covered just the hips, or long enough to run from chest to ankles. There are also cut garments, including loin cloths (linen worn by men and women; leather, by men), bag-tunics (worn by men and women), and dresses. They do not seem to be tailored to fit or darted for shaping, although they are sewn together with cords. Meskell suggests that the clingy clothing depicted in tomb painting is more wishful than based on sewing skills."
},
{
"docid": "D3210775#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_role_of_men_and_women_in_ancient_egypt\nWhat was the role of men and women in ancient Buddhism?",
"text": "\"Linda Blanchard 298 Contributionsauthor of \"\"Dependent Arising In Context\"\"What was the role of men and women in ancient Buddhism? The first nuns had relatively comparable status to the monks in early Buddhism, that is they were allowed to travel, live alone in the forests, beg for alms in the cities; the …What role did women play in Ancient Egypt? Farto What was the role for men and women in ancient Hawaii? What I have been taught by my grandparents was that that each family had their own profession in old Hawai'i. It was the responsibility of the father to care for the physical …Xer1cx07 1 Contribution What was the role of women and men in ancient China? In ancient China, men ruled the household and had complete control over his wife. The only role of the wife was to be a servant to their husbands and to produce sons for them …What is the role of men in ancient Egypt? The men's role was to have a job and the womens role was to stay home and be a housewife do chores take care of her kids make dinner and to go shopping for needed items. What were the roles of women and men in ancient china?women would stay home to look after the household, look after the kids.women and girls nerver went to school and men would be farmers and rule the household. What are the responsibilities of men and women in ancient Egypt?men teach their young boys how to trade and business and to responbile for well being of the family."
},
{
"docid": "D1313700#0",
"title": "http://world4.eu/ancient-egyptian-costumes/\nAncient Egyptian costume history. Decoration and coloring",
"text": "Ancient Egyptian costume history. Decoration and coloring Contents [ hide]Content GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF ANCIENT EGYPTIAN COSTUMESDECORATION AND COLORINGMATERIALDATESEGYPTIAN MEN AND WOMEN: THE DIFFERENCE IN THEIR DRESSEGYPT COSTUME PLATESPlate II. Egyptian Queen Plate III. Egyptian dress decoration Plate IV. The God Osiris Plate V. Ani, A Scribe Plate VI. Thuthu, Wife of Ani Plate VII. EGYPTIAN DECORATIONPlate VIII. Ancient Egyptian Queen Plate IX. Egyptian Decoration Plate X. Ancient Egyptian Priestess Draping of a Cloak THE KALASIRISDress of Egypt Pharao The sash. Dresses of women."
},
{
"docid": "D491084#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohl_%28cosmetics%29\nKohl (cosmetics)",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Sirma\"\" redirects here. For the village in Leova district, Moldova, see Sîrma. \"\" Kohal\"\" redirects here. For the village in Iran, see Kohal, Kurdistan. \"\" Kajal\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Kajal (disambiguation). A 4th-century AD double cosmetic tube for kohl from the Louvre Museum in Paris. Kohl ( Arabic: كُحْل ) is an ancient eye cosmetic, traditionally made by grinding stibnite (Sb 2 S 3) for similar purposes to charcoal used in mascara. It is widely used in the Middle East, North Africa, the Mediterranean, Eastern Europe, Latin America, South Asia, Southeast Asia, the Horn of Africa, and parts of West Africa as eyeliner [1] to contour and/or darken the eyelids and as mascara for the eyelashes. It is worn mostly by women, but also by some men and children."
},
{
"docid": "D777948#0",
"title": "http://www.messianicjews.com.au/articles/details/3/Tassels-and-Tzitzit-A-Research-Study-Paper\nTassels and Tzitzit âA Research Study Paper",
"text": "\"> Articles > Tassels and Tzitzit –A Research Study Paper Tassels and Tzitzit –A Research Study Paper Resources on Scriptures This study paper is released due to the various areas of confusion that the children of Israel (children who live and follow the ways of Yehowah their Elohim) have on the topic of Tassels and Tzitzit. At all times when this paper was written, we kept reminding ourselves of one of the most important instructions of Yehowah, which is: “Do not add to the Word which I command you and do not take away from it, so as to guard the commands of Yehowah your Elohim which I am commanding you”. ( Deuteronomy 4:2) First we need to investigate the number of times the words Tassels (Strong’s concordance word number 1434) and Tzitzit (Strong’s concordance word number 6734) appear in the scriptures Word Number of times it appears in the scriptures Tassels 1 (One)Tzitzit 8 (Eight)Verses where the words Tassels and Tzitzit appear in the scriptures: Numbers 15: 38 to 40 Speak to the children of Yisrael and you shall say to them to make tzitzit on the corners of their garments throughout their generations, and to put a blue cord in the tzitzit of the corners. And it shall be to you for a tzitzit and you shall see it, and shall remember all the commands of YHWH (Yehowah) and shall do them, and not search after your own heart and your own eyes which you went whoring, so that you remember and shall do all My commands, and be set-apart unto your Elohim. Deuteronomy 22:12Make tassels on the four corners of the garment with which you cover yourself. Matthew 9:20 to 21 And see a woman who had a flow of blood for twelve years came from behind and touched the tzitzit of His garment. For she said to herself “If I only touch His garment, I shall be healed”. Matthew 14: 35 to 36 And when the men of that place recognised Him, they sent out into all that surrounding country, and brought to Him all who were sick, and begged Him to let them only touch the tzitzit of His garment. And as many as touched it were completely healed. Mark 6:56 And wherever He went, into villages, or cities, or the country, they were laying the sick in the market-places, and begged Him to let them touch if only the tzitzit of His garment."
},
{
"docid": "D3312663#0",
"title": "http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/people/\nThe people of ancient Egypt",
"text": "The people of ancient Egypt The population In the eyes of Herodotus, more a tourist than a historian or a sociologist, the Egyptians were exceedingly strange and in his zeal to point out their peculiarities he quite often exaggerated or worse, strayed from the truth. The Egyptians in agreement with their climate, which is unlike any other, and with the river, which shows a nature different from all other rivers, established for themselves manners and customs in a way opposite to other men in almost all matters: for among them the women frequent the market and carry on trade, while the men remain at home and weave; and whereas others weave pushing the woof upwards, the Egyptians push it downwards: the men carry their burdens upon their heads and the women upon their shoulders: the women make water standing up and the men crouching down: they ease themselves in their houses and they eat without in the streets, alleging as reason for this that it is right to do secretly the things that are unseemly though necessary, but those which are not unseemly, in public: no woman is a minister either of male or female divinity, but men of all, both male and female: to support their parents the sons are in no way compelled, if they do not desire to do so, but the daughters are forced to do so, be they never so unwilling. The priests of the gods in other lands wear long hair, but in Egypt they shave their heads: among other men the custom is that in mourning those whom the matter concerns most nearly have their hair cut short, but the Egyptians, when deaths occur, let their hair grow long, both that on the head and that on the chin, having before been close shaven: other men have their daily living separated from beasts, but the Egyptians have theirs together with beasts: other men live on wheat and on barley, but to any one of the Egyptians who makes his living on these it is a great reproach; they make their bread of corn, [ 16] which some call spelt: they knead dough with their feet and clay with their hands, with which also they gather up dung: and whereas other men, except such as have learnt otherwise from the Egyptians, have their members as nature made them, the Egyptians practice circumcision: as to garments, the men wear two each and the women but one: and whereas others make fast the rings and ropes of the sails outside the ship, the Egyptians do this inside: finally in the writing of characters and reckoning with pebbles, while the Hellenes carry the hand from the left to the right, the Egyptians do this from the right to the left; and doing so they say that they do it themselves rightwise and the Hellenes leftwise: and they use two kinds of characters for writing, of which the one kind is called sacred and the other common. Herodotus, Histories II Project Gutenberg A modern visitor to ancient Egypt would be struck by the youthfulness of the people. Ancient Egyptians, like all mankind until the advent of modern medicine and public hygiene, died young [ 10]. The age people hoped to reach was 110, described as the ideal lifespan in literature [ 12], but reality was different. Life expectancy for one year old children was less than forty years. Water-borne diseases, tuberculosis and other infectious illnesses against which the best physicians of antiquity were mostly powerless, were endemic [ 1]. Periodically various kinds of plague broke out, often in the wake of wars. The sick, the very young and the elderly were especially prone to succumb. ( For comparison mouse-over the the graph on the right to see a schematic age pyramid of a modern industrialized western country. Those without mouse-over enabled browsers click here ) Much of the time, malnutrition rather than hunger was the lot of many Egyptians, even of the wealthier ones, and caused scurvy, anaemia and other diseases."
},
{
"docid": "D3266514#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/beauty-fashion/clothes-did-poor-women-wear-elizabethan-era-c1332c516f3289f1\nWhat Clothes Did Poor Women Wear in the Elizabethan Era?",
"text": "\"Beauty & Fashion Clothing Historical Dress Q: What Clothes Did Poor Women Wear in the Elizabethan Era? A: Quick Answer Lower-class women in the Elizabethan era were forced by law to wear clothing made of cheap material in dull or pale colors. Poor men and women would layer their clothes made of sheepskin, linen or wool and would sometimes decorate their outfits with slashes or velvet trim. Continue Reading Keep Learning What Clothes Did the Poor Wear in Elizabethan Times? What Clothes Did the Pueblo Indians Wear? What Clothes Did Victorian Children Wear? Full Answer During the Elizabethan era, fashion was literally dictated by the Sumptuary Laws, or \"\"Statutes of Apparel,\"\" enforced by Queen Elizabeth I in June 1574. Bright colors, rich fabrics and certain expensive materials were considered signs of luxury and rank and were reserved for those with the highest social rank. Only the Queen, her mother, sisters and daughters were allowed to wear purple silk under the law. Even certain animal furs could only be worn by a woman of a specific rank."
},
{
"docid": "D2276215#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_egyptian_slaves_wear\nWhat did Egyptian slaves wear?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History Ancient History Ancient Egypt What did Egyptian slaves wear? Flag What did Egyptian slaves wear? Answer by Basstrom18 Confidence votes 9.2KMost male slaves wore a short linen kilt whilst their female counterparts a skirt extending from their shoulder to their knees or ankles. Musicians, dancers and acrobats wore very little If you were an important slave you wore the same as your master. How well dressed you were showed how wealthy your master or mistress was. slaves who worked building the temples and monuments, in the quarries or mines went naked4 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Basstrom18What did ancient Egyptian slaves wear? Their most basic garments were made of undyed flax cloth. Some may have had linen. Most male slaves wore a short linen kilt whilst their female counterparts a skirt extendin …Basstrom18What do Egyptian slaves do?"
},
{
"docid": "D1221940#0",
"title": "http://www.neatorama.com/2014/05/22/Why-Did-Women-Start-Wearing-Makeup/\nWhy Did Women Start Wearing Makeup?",
"text": "\"Why Did Women Start Wearing Makeup? Miss Cellania • Thursday, May 22, 2014 at 5:00 AM • 16Neatorama presents a guest post from actor, comedian, and voiceover artist Eddie Deezen. Visit Eddie at his website or at Facebook. Today, a great percentage of women (and a small percentage of men) apply makeup daily. There is a simple reason for this: they want to look good. The subtle (and sometimes not so subtle) touches of pigment and shade can make a huge difference. They can hide flaws in the skin and enhance the natural appearance of certain facial features. In spite of a small microcosm of angry feminists, the \"\"beauty industry\"\" is a billion-dollar (trillion, maybe?) industry in America and around the world. Call it vanity, if you must, but spending quality time in front of a mirror is a daily ritual millions of women can't do without, whether they're preparing for an average day at work, a big event, or a date with that special someone."
},
{
"docid": "D424821#0",
"title": "http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/crownsofegypt.htm\nCrowns of Ancient Egypt, An Introduction",
"text": "\"Crowns of Ancient Egypt, An Introductionby Jimmy Dunn Many people think in terms of a having a single crown that was worn as a symbol of his office. However, in ancient Egypt, there were a number of different types of crowns, mostly worn by gods, kings and queens and sometimes their children. Sometimes, as in the case of the Red and White crowns, they could also be combined to form a special symbolism, such as in this case, the unity of Upper and Lower Egypt under one ruler. They played a dominant role in the composition of the royal and the divine image. Gods and kings were never represented without one, because they indicated important aspects of both royalty, divinity, and of Egypt itself. According to the ancient Egyptians, and specifically the Book of the Dead, the original wearer of the crowns of Egypt was Osiris:\"\"Glory be to thee, O Osiris Un-Nefer, thou great god in Abtu (Abydos), King of Eternity, Lord of Everlastingness, God whose existence is millions of years, eldest son of Nut, begotten by Geb, the Ancestor-Chief, Lord of the Crowns of the South and the North, Lord of the High White Crown \"\"For kings, the number and variation of crowns grew over time. However, various gods were frequently associated with a single crown, such as Selket. The basic headdress of her crown did sometimes change, but almost certainly it was surmounted by a scorpion. At the same time though, because the identities of various gods were sometimes merged with others, a certain crown primarily worn by one god might also be depicted crowning another. Specifically, whether king or god, the crowns worn by them always impart upon the wearer aspects symbolized by the nature of the crown."
}
] |
620012
|
what did the eighteenth amendment to the constitution accomplish?
|
[
{
"docid": "D2596841#0",
"title": "https://brainly.com/question/1264628\nWhat did the Eighteenth Amendment to the US Constitution accomplish?",
"text": "\"High School History 5 points What did the Eighteenth Amendment to the US Constitution accomplish? Ask for details Follow Reportby Dvo Anna6A9libe 04/29/2016Verified answer What is a Verified Answer? Log in to view the full answer. Unlock Verified Answers and get help from subject experts. Unlock verified answer Answers W0lf93 Ambitious What the Eighteenth Amendment to the US Constitution accomplished was that it banned the production, sale, and transportation of alcohol in the US. Prior to the writing of this amendment, there were several \"\"temperance\"\" groups consisting mostly of women who wanted to ban alcohol within America because of all the negative side-effects it has. In time, this movement led to the actual amendment being written and adopted, although it was repealed in 1933. Comments Report5.0 2 votes Thanks 3The Brain Helper Not sure about the answer? See next answers Learn more with Brainly!Having trouble with your homework? Get free help!80% of questions are answered in under 10 minutes Answers come with explanations, so that you can learn Answer quality is ensured by our experts I want a free account! \""
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1250117#0",
"title": "https://www.constitutionfacts.com/us-constitution-amendments/amendments-to-the-constitution/\nU.S. Amendments",
"text": "\"U. S. Constitution & Amendments Overview Dates to Remember Fascinating Facts Read the Constitution Constitutional Convention Father of the Constitution About the Signers Those Who Didn't Sign Women Behind the Signers In Other Languages Bill of Rights Amendments to the constitution The Amendments in History Proposed Amendments Letter of Transmittal CONSTITUTION SURVEYConstitution Day 2018CONSTITUTION I. Q. QUIZPocket Constitution Books Famous Quotes Crossword Puzzles Test Your Knowledge Constitution I. Q. Quiz\"\"Real Or Fake\"\" Quiz Which Founding Father Are You? Which Founding Father Would You Vote For? Treasure Hunts Word Finds Dates To Remember Glossary of Terms U. S. Amendments United States Amendments: XI-XII • XIII-XIV • XV-XVIII • XIX-XX • XXI-XXIII • XXIV-XXV • XXVI-XXVIIOn September 25, 1789, Congress transmitted to the state legislatures twelve proposed United States amendments of which the first two dealt with Congressional representation and Congressional pay. Numbers three through twelve were adopted by the states to become the Bill of Rights in 1791. So, in effect U. S. amendment number three of the proposed twelve is our First Amendment. There is normally a seven year time limit (with the possibility of an extension) for an amendment to be approved by three-fourths of the state legislatures (38 states) and to become a part of the Constitution. However, there were no time limitations set for the first twelve proposed amendments. Michigan became the thirty-eighth state to ratify the second proposed amendment that dealt with Congressional raises on May 7, 1992. Thus, two hundred and three years after it was introduced, the proposal placing restrictions on congressional pay raises became our twenty-seventh United States amendment and most immediate change to the Constitution. United States (U. S.) Bill of Rights, Amendments I-X (1-10)The first 10 United States Amendments are called the Bill of Rights."
},
{
"docid": "D413616#0",
"title": "http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Temperance_Movement?rec=560\nTemperance Movement",
"text": "\"A large group of women and some men gathered outside of Family Groceries in Waynesville, Ohio during the Women's Temperance Crusade of 1873-1874. The women were protesting the sale of alcoholic beverages. The Temperance Movement was an organized effort during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to limit or outlaw the consumption and production of alcoholic beverages in the United States. During the early nineteenth century, many citizens of the United States became convinced that many Americans were living in an immoral manner. These people feared that God would no longer bless the United States and that these ungodly and unscrupulous people posed a threat to America's political system. To survive, the American republic, these people believed, needed virtuous citizens. Because of these concerns, many people became involved in reform movements during the early 1800s. One of the more prominent was the temperance movement. Temperance advocates encouraged their fellow Americans to reduce the amount of alcohol that they consumed. Ideally, Americans would forsake alcohol entirely, but most temperance advocates remained willing to settle for reduced consumption."
},
{
"docid": "D2642749#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_only_amendment_to_be_ratified_and_repealed\nWhat is the only amendment to be repealed?",
"text": "Roibeaird WA 32,635 Contributions What is the only amendment to be repealed? Answer . The only amendment ever repealed is the 18th Amendment, Prohibition of alcoholic beverages. Isadora Duncan 220,164 Contributions What is the only amendment that has been repealed? The only constitutional amendment that has been repealed is the18th amendment. The 18th amendment was ratified on January 16, 1919and established the prohibition of alcohol, m …Nil Desperandum 3,837 Contributions What is the only amendment to the US Constitution that was repealed? Answer . I think it was the prohibition of alcohol Gatorrificperson 259 Contributions What was the subject of the only Contsitutional amendment to be repealed?prohibition What is the only amendment to be repealed and which amendment repealed it? The 18th Amendment is the only amendment to be repealed, and it wasrepealed with the ratification of the 21st Amendment. The 18th Amendment banned alcoholic beverages."
},
{
"docid": "D2114855#0",
"title": "http://civilliberty.about.com/od/guncontrol/i/2ndamendment.htm\nDoes the Second Amendment Protect the Right to Bear Arms?",
"text": "Humanities ›Issues Does the Second Amendment Protect the Right to Bear Arms? Share Flipboard Email Print Justin Sullivan/Getty Images News/Getty Imagesby Tom Head Updated March 17, 2017The Second Amendment reads as follows: A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. Now that the United States is protected by a trained, volunteer military force rather than a civilian militia, is the Second Amendment still valid? Does the Second Amendment exclusively provide for arms to supply a civilian militia, or does it guarantee a separate universal right to bear arms? Current Status Until DC v. Heller (2008), the U. S. Supreme Court had never struck down a gun control law on Second Amendment grounds. The two cases generally cited as most relevant to the Second Amendment are: U. S. v. Cruikshank (1875), in which the U. S. Supreme Court struck down an 1870 federal law punishing individuals for violating the civil rights of others, using the Fourteenth Amendment to justify federal intervention in law enforcement (which was generally left to the states). The test case was the 1873 Colfax Massacre, in which over 100 African Americans were murdered by the White League, a militant white supremacist organization that was extremely active in Louisiana in the decades following the American Civil War. Chief Justice Morrison Waite delivered a ruling stating that the law was unconstitutional. While the case had no direct relevance to the Second Amendment, Waite did briefly list an individual right to bear arms among those rights that would have been protected by the federal law. U. S. v. Miller (1939), in which two bank robbers transported a sawed-off shotgun across state lines in violation of the National Firearms Act of 1934."
},
{
"docid": "D575625#0",
"title": "http://constitution.laws.com/american-history/constitution/constitutional-amendments/18th-amendment\nUnderstanding the 18th Amendment",
"text": "Understanding the 18th Amendment Understanding the 18th Amendment Share The Eighteenth Amendment is the only Amendment to ever have been repealed from the United States Constitution–via the inclusion of the Twenty-First Amendment. The 18th Amendment called for the banning of the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcoholic beverages. Known as national Prohibition, the Eighteenth Amendment banned “intoxicating liquors” with the exception of those used for religious rites. It is also the first Amendment to impose a date by which it was to be ratified. If the deadline was not met, the Amendment would be discarded. The ratification of the 18th Amendment was completed on January 16th, 1919 and would take effect on January 17th, 1920. It is important to note that the 18th Amendment did not prohibit the consumption of alcohol, but rather simply the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcoholic beverages. A result of the Temperance Movement, the concept of Prohibition had already been implemented by many states prior to the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment. Therefore, the 18th Amendment was quickly ratified into law. The Temperance Movement would prove to become a powerful collection of individuals and factions that would garner a certain political power, which many politicians were afraid to confront."
},
{
"docid": "D2257710#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_did_congress_pass_the_volstead_act_after_states_ratified_the_eighteenth_amendment\nWhy did Congress pass the Volstead Act after states ratified the Eighteenth Amendment-?",
"text": "\"Aidan Collins 10 Contributions Answered In Politics and Government Why did Congress pass the Volstead Act after states ratified the Eighteenth Amendment-? The Volstead Act provided enforcement. Answered In US Congress How May years passed between when the 27 amendment was proposed by congress and when if was ratified by the states?100Answered In US Congress How many years passed between when the 27 amendment was proposed by congress and when it was ratified by the states?203 years Nathan Scheer 14 Contributions Answered In Politics and Government Why did congress pass the Volstead act after the states ratified the eighteenth amendment? The Eighteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was very vague,prohibiting the \"\"manufacture, sale, or transportation ofintoxicating liquors.\"\" The Volstead Act specified what t …Answered In US Constitution How long did it take for the Thirteenth Amendment to be ratified by state legislatures after it was passed by Congress?over 2 years \""
},
{
"docid": "D2488200#0",
"title": "http://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendments/amendment-vii\nAmendment VIIJury Trial in Civil Lawsuits",
"text": "Common Interpretation The Seventh Amendment The Seventh Amendment By Renée Lettow Lerner and Suja A. Thomas To many Americans, jury trials seem to be the normal way of deciding civil cases. Television programs and movies show exciting scenes of juries deciding important non-criminal disputes involving individuals, government officials, and companies. The reality is different. Juries decide less than one percent of the civil cases that are filed in court. This lack of jury trials may seem strange, as the Seventh Amendment guarantees the right to jury trial in certain civil cases. There are two main types of court systems in the United States: federal and state. The Seventh Amendment requires civil jury trials only in federal courts. This Amendment is unusual. The U. S. Supreme Court has required states to protect almost every other right in the Bill of Rights, such as the right to criminal jury trial, but the Court has not required states to hold civil jury trials. Minneapolis & St. Louis Railroad Co. v. Bombolis (1916)."
},
{
"docid": "D1795383#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_amendment_to_the_US_Constitution_which_made_it_illegal_to_charge_a_poll_tax\nHow are amendments made to the US Constitution?",
"text": "Mark Swarthout 794,175 Contributions Contract attorney. When not working I teach karate, collect stamps, write books, and play the ukulele. How are amendments made to the US Constitution? Answer . The simplest answer is to quote the process from the US Constitution itself:. ARTICLE 5. The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, …Taytmw17 111 Contributions What amendment abolished poll taxes? The 24th amendment. The 24th Amendment, ratified in 1964, reflecting a politicalcompromise, abolished the use Suttles, and extended the prohibitionof poll taxes to state elect …Sltwitness 1 Contribution What amendment Repealed the poll tax?24th Amendment . Section 1."
},
{
"docid": "D2822511#0",
"title": "http://constitution.laws.com/amendments/constitutional-amendments\nWhat Are The Constitutional Amendments",
"text": "What Are The Constitutional Amendments What Are The Constitutional Amendments Share President of the Senate The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States. ”Thirteenth Amendment Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. The Thirteenth Amendment has proven to be one of the most important pieces of legislation to be included in the United States Constitution. As the need to abolish slavery in the United States became imminent, President Abraham Lincoln issued the the Emancipation Proclamation, which allowed for the freedom of slaves throughout the Union."
},
{
"docid": "D3305383#0",
"title": "http://scratchinpost.net/barefootsworld/constit1.html\n.",
"text": "\"This HTML Edition of The Constitution for the United States of America is taken with changes from: \"\"The Constitution of the United States, Its Sources and Its Application\"\" by Thomas James Norton, published by the Committee for Constitutional Government, First printed circa 1922, last known publishing date circa 1969 HTML Edition Copyright 1996 -- Barefoot Bob Mirroring is not Netiquette without the Express Permission of Barefoot Bob Published before the beginning of the \"\"Socializing of America\"\" in 1933, it is the best and most edifying rendition of our Foundation Document that I have found to clarify the intent of the Founders and the understanding of \"\"We the People\"\", the Sovereign Citizens of the United States of America. In this HTML Edition the Text of the Constitution is presented one phrase at a time, immediately followed by the history and reasons for the inclusion of that particular phrase in the Constitution, with reference links to other pertinent data contained elsewhere in the text. Presented to the Sovereign Citizens of the United States of America and the Sovereign Citizens of the WEB as a Work of Love My Appreciation to RHC and to RLG, Patriots and Sovereign Citizens, for their encouragement and assistance and to \"\"Pop\"\", Dean Lewis Hardison, who taught me the importance of our Constitution. Preface We the People of the United States,menaced for the past 100 years by collectivist trends, must seek Revival of Our Strength by re-Educating Ourselves in the Spiritual Foundations, Principles and Ideals which are the bedrock of our Republic, the Principle and Conviction of the Sacredness of every Human Life, and in the understanding of Our Responsibilities in the care and maintenance of those Foundations. To that end is this HTML Edition presented. \"\" Government is not reason, it is not eloquence, it is force; like fire, a troublesome servant and a fearful master. Never for a moment should it be left to irresponsible action.\"\" ----George Washington, speech of January 7, 1790 in the Boston Independent Chronicle, January 14, 1790\"\"The establishment of our institutions,\"\" wrote President Monroe, \"\"forms the most important epoch that history hath recorded. They extend unexampled felicity to the whole body of our fellow-citizens, and are the admiration of other nations. To preserve and hand them down in their utmost purity to the remotest ages will require the existence and practice of virtues and talents equal to those which were displayed in acquiring them."
},
{
"docid": "D1920463#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_is_being_able_to_amend_the_constitution_important\nWhy is being able to amend the constitution important?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Why is being able to amend the constitution important? Flag Why is being able to amend the constitution important? Answer by Evenstarnova Confidence votes 205I think it is important because that way if a law or rule does not work out the way it should have, or problems come up, you can change it to better fit the needs of the people. For example: Eleventh Amendment (1798): Declares that U. S. federal courts cannot try any case brought against a state by a citizen of another state or country. They made this amendment because a problem came up with that specific part of the constitution and it was causing trouble for people of the US.7 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Brian Young 2,894 Contributions Why are the amendments to the US Constitution important? The amendments to the U. S. Consitution are important because it explain our rights and duties as citizens. They are also important because you can defend using the first 10 am …Why was the Seventh Amendment important to the framers of the Constitution? Answer . The 7th amendment was put in to guarantee the right to trial by jury in civil cases."
},
{
"docid": "D2371420#0",
"title": "http://candst.tripod.com/doipurp.htm\nDeclaration of Independence: Its Purpose",
"text": "\"The Constitutional Principle: Separation of Church and State Welcome Contents What's New Search this site View Our Stats Visitors since 7/15/1998Links Guest Book Contact Us This site is eye friendly: Use your browser's view options to increase or decrease font size Declaration of Independence: Its Purpose It wasn't a Declaration of Independence as such. It was a explanation of the resolution that Congress had passed on July 2, 1776 that was the actual Act/Declaration of Independence Research and writing by Jim Allison After its adoption, and throughout the last quarter of the eighteenth century, the Declaration of Independence was viewed primarily as a pronouncement of separation from Great Britain and not as the sacred political document it is today. ( 70)FOOTNOTE (70) Philip F. Detweiler, \"\"The Changing Reputation of the Declaration of Independence,\"\" 564. John Bidwell, \"\"American History in Image and Text,\"\" 265. Carl L. Becker, The Declaration of Independence: A Study in the History of Political Ideas (New York: Vintage Books, 1922), 226. Source: An excerpt from Cultural Impact: Nineteenth Century Evolution of the Founding Documents as Symbols The instructions to delegates in Philadelphia make it clear that foreign aid was the aim of the declaration. North Carolina put the two acts in a co-ordinate single aim: 'declaring independency and forming foreign alliances.' ( Force, _Archives_, ser. iv, 5:860)Source : Inventing America, Jefferson's Declaration of Independence, Garry Wills Vintage Books, (1979)pp. 326-27In the midst of a war, while forming constitutions in their own provinces, men obviously felt that the treaty and the articles were more difficult projects of practical politics, and set more useful or dangerous legal precedents, than the Declaration itself."
},
{
"docid": "D290012#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States\nProhibition in the United States",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Not to be confused with Abolitionism in the United States. Detroit police inspecting equipment found in a clandestine brewery during the Prohibition era Every Day Will Be Sunday When the Town Goes Dry (1918–1919)Prohibition in the United States was a nationwide constitutional ban on the production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages from 1920 to 1933. During the 19th century, alcoholism, family violence, and saloon-based political corruption prompted activists, led by pietistic Protestants, to end the alcoholic beverage trade to cure the ill society and weaken the political opposition. One result was that many communities in the late 19th and early 20th centuries introduced alcohol prohibition, with the subsequent enforcement in law becoming a hotly debated issue. Prohibition supporters, called \"\"drys\"\", presented it as a victory for public morals and health. Promoted by the \"\"dry\"\" crusaders, the movement was led by pietistic Protestants and social Progressives in the Prohibition, Democratic, and Republican parties. It gained a national grass roots base through the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. After 1900 it was coordinated by the Anti-Saloon League. Opposition from the beer industry mobilized \"\"wet\"\" supporters from the Catholic and German Lutheran communities. They had funding to fight back but by 1917–18 the German community had been marginalized by the nation's war against Germany, and the brewing industry was shut down in state after state by the legislatures and finally nationwide under the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1920."
},
{
"docid": "D3495074#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_only_amendment_to_be_repealed\nWhat is the only amendment that has been repealed?",
"text": "Isadora Duncan 220,164 Contributions What is the only amendment that has been repealed? The only constitutional amendment that has been repealed is the18th amendment. The 18th amendment was ratified on January 16, 1919and established the prohibition of alcohol, m …Jkm Young 1,217,119 Contributions Name the only amendment that has been repealed?no Nil Desperandum 3,837 Contributions What is the only amendment to the US Constitution that was repealed? Answer . I think it was the prohibition of alcohol Gatorrificperson 259 Contributions What was the subject of the only Contsitutional amendment to be repealed?prohibition What is the only amendment to be repealed and which amendment repealed it? The 18th Amendment is the only amendment to be repealed, and it wasrepealed with the ratification of the 21st Amendment. The 18th Amendment banned alcoholic beverages. Only amendment that repeals another? The 21st amendment repeals the 18th amendment (prohibition). Thus, the 18th amendment banned alcohol, but the 21st made it legal again."
},
{
"docid": "D589126#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_Clause\nTreaty Clause",
"text": "\"Treaty Clause From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is part of a series on the Constitution of the United States of America Preamble and Articles of the Constitution Preamble I II III IV V VI VIIAmendments to the Constitution Bill of Rights I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX XXI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX XXXXI XXII XXIII XXIV XXV XXVI XXVIIUnratified Amendments Congressional Apportionment Titles of Nobility Corwin Child Labor Equal Rights D. C. Voting Rights History Drafting and ratification timeline Convention Signing Federalism Republicanism Full text of the Constitution and Amendments Preamble and Articles I–VII Amendments I–XAmendments XI–XXVIIUnratified Amendments United States portal U. S. Government portal Law portal Wikipedia bookv t e The Treaty Clause is part of Article II, Section 2, Clause 2, of the United States Constitution, that empowers the President of the United States to propose and chiefly negotiate agreements between the United States and other countries, which, upon receiving the advice and consent of a two-thirds supermajority vote of the United States Senate, become treaties under international law. Contents [ hide ]1 Text2 One of three types of international accord3 Repeal4 Scope of presidential powers5 See also6 Further reading7 References8 External links Text [ edit] [The President] shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur... One of three types of international accord [ edit]The body of law governing U. S. foreign policy recognizes three mechanisms by which the United States enters into binding international obligations. The term \"\"treaty\"\" is used in a more restricted legal sense than in international law. U. S. law distinguishes what it calls treaties from congressional-executive agreements and executive agreements. [ 1] All three classes are considered treaties under international law; they are distinct only from the perspective of internal United States law. Distinctions among the three concern their method of ratification: by two-thirds of the Senate, by normal legislative process, or by the President alone, respectively. The Treaty Clause empowers the President to make or enter into treaties with the \"\"advice and consent\"\" of two-thirds of the Senate. In contrast, normal legislation becomes law after approval by simple majorities in both the Senate and the House of Representatives and the signature of the President. Throughout American history, presidents have also made international agreements through congressional-executive agreements, that are ratified with only a majority from both houses of Congress, or executive agreements, made by the President—in the exercise of his Constitutional executive powers —alone. [ 1] Though the Constitution does not expressly provide for any alternative to the Article II treaty procedure, Article I, Section 10 of the Constitution does distinguish between treaties (which states are forbidden to make) and agreements (which states may make with the consent of Congress). ["
},
{
"docid": "D1625360#0",
"title": "http://www.1215.org/lawnotes/lawnotes/irshist.htm\nWho and What is the IRS?",
"text": "\"Who and What is the IRS? by Dan Meador B. A. T. F. / IRS CRIMINAL FRAUD, by William Cooper Who and What is the IRS? Historical Note History & New Evidence that it is a foreign agency. By Dan Meador April 1, 2000 [email protected]\"\"Evan\"\" (Internet name) forwarded the following article by Bill Cooper , published in the September 1995 issue of Veritas Magazine. As I understand it, Wayne Bentson of Arizona was largely responsible for research referenced in the article. Since I'm suffering the fatigue of not getting home from Tulsa until the wee hours of the morning, and can't seem to get kick-started to do what I should be doing, I'm going to take the opportunity to provide context for the lengthy Cooper article, and add information gleaned from research since. For those who haven't seen it, the Cooper article should be enlightening. Additionally, evidence revealed in my portion of this compiled article is going to floor many readers. However, before disclosing new evidence, I'm going to present something of a history. Gail and I had just finished what we called the \"\"monster\"\" tax index when someone sent the Cooper article via FAX shortly after it was published in September 1995."
},
{
"docid": "D575624#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeal_of_Prohibition_in_the_United_States\nRepeal of Prohibition in the United States",
"text": "\"Repeal of Prohibition in the United States From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search The repeal of Prohibition in the United States was accomplished with the passage of the Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution on December 5, 1933. Contents [ hide ]1 Background2 Impact of prohibition3 Organized opposition3.1 Organizations supporting repeal3.2 Organization leaders4 Repeal as a political party issue5 Repeal5.1 Dry counties6 Notes7 Sources8 External links Background [ edit]Main article: Prohibition in the United States In 1919, the requisite number of state legislatures ratified the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, enabling national prohibition one year later. Many women, notably members of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union, were pivotal in bringing about national Prohibition in the United States, believing it would protect families, women, and children from the effects of alcohol abuse. [ 1]Impact of prohibition [ edit]Scholarly literature regarding the effect of prohibition has held that popular claim that prohibition was a failure is false. [ 2] [3] The proponents of National Prohibition believed that banning alcoholic beverages would reduce or even eliminate many social problems, particularly drunkenness, crime, mental illness, and poverty. A temperance fountain erected by the Woman's Christian Temperance Union during the Prohibition era in Rehoboth Beach, Delaware Mark H. Moore, a professor at Harvard University Kennedy School of Government, stated, with respect to the effects of prohibition: Alcohol consumption declined dramatically during Prohibition. Cirrhosis death rates for men were 29.5 per 100,000 in 1911 and 10.7 in 1929. Admissions to state mental hospitals for alcoholic psychosis declined from 10.1 per 100,000 in 1919 to 4.7 in 1928. Arrests for public drunkenness and disorderly conduct declined 50 percent between 1916 and 1922. For the population as a whole, the best estimates are that consumption of alcohol declined by 30 percent to 50 percent. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2187409#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_15th_amendment_accomplish\nWhat did the 15th amendment accomplish?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society Politics and Government US Constitution What did the 15th amendment accomplish? Flag What did the 15th amendment accomplish? Answer by Arthur Finkle Confidence votes 111Designated as an Advanced Practitioner by the Association for Conflict Resolution, Educator, Author. Phi Beta Kappa. The Wharton Grad. Sch. The 15th Amendment: Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation."
},
{
"docid": "D2021018#0",
"title": "http://www.gutenberg.org/files/17417/17417-h/17417-h.htm\nThe Project Gutenberg eBook, What Prohibition Has Done to America, by Fabian Franklin",
"text": "\"The Project Gutenberg e Book, What Prohibition Has Done to America, by Fabian Franklin This e Book is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this e Book or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: What Prohibition Has Done to America Author: Fabian Franklin Posting Date: November 19, 2010 [e Book #17417]Release Date: December 30, 2005Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WHAT PROHIBITION HAS DONE TO AMERICA***This e Book was produced by J. Henry Phillips. What Prohibition Has Done to Americaby Fabian Franklin Copyright 1922, Harcourt, Brace & Co., New York. Table of Contents Chapter I - Perverting the Constitution Chapter II - Creating a Nation of Lawbreakers Chapter III - Destroying Our Federal System Chapter IV - How the Amendment Was Put Through Chapter V - The Law Makers and the Law Chapter VI - The Law Enforcers and the Law Chapter VII - Nature of the Prohibitionist Tyranny Chapter VIII - One-Half of One Percent Chapter IX - Prohibition and Liberty Chapter X - Prohibition and Socialism Chapter XI - Is There Any Way Out? CHAPTER IPERVERTING THE CONSTITUTIONTHE object of a Constitution like that of the United States is to establish certain fundamentals of government in such a way that they cannot be altered or destroyed by the mere will of a majority of the people, or by the ordinary processes of legislation. The framers of the Constitution saw the necessity of making a distinction between these fundamentals and the ordinary subjects of law-making, and accordingly they, and the people who gave their approval to the Constitution, deliberately arrogated to themselves the power to shackle future majorities in regard to the essentials of the system of government which they brought into being. They did this with a clear consciousness of the object which they had in view--the stability of the new government and the protection of certain fundamental rights and liberties. But they did not for a moment entertain the idea of imposing upon future generations, through the extraordinary sanctions of the Constitution, their views upon any special subject of ordinary legislation. Such a proceeding would have seemed to them far more monstrous, and far less excusable, than that tyranny of George III and his Parliament which had given rise to the American Revolution. Until the adoption of the Eighteenth Amendment, the Constitution of the United States retained the character which properly belongs to the organic law of a great Federal Republic."
},
{
"docid": "D1323306#0",
"title": "https://www.cato-unbound.org/2012/02/10/ryan-williams/substantive-due-process-historical-context\nSubstantive Due Process in Historical Context",
"text": "Timothy Sandefur argues that substantive due process makes sense. On this point, I fully agree. He further contends that “due process of law” in both its procedural and substantive dimensions can be explained by reference to the simple principle that government may not act “arbitrarily.” On this point, I am less convinced. One considerable difficulty with Mr. Sandefur’s argument is that he views “due process of law” as a unitary concept without giving sufficient attention to the fact that the Constitution contains two separate Due Process Clauses—the Fifth Amendment Due Process Clause, adopted in 1791, and the Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Clause, adopted in 1868. As I have previously argued, the generations that framed and ratified these two Due Process Clauses almost certainly did not share a common understanding of what “due process of law” required. In order to understand the constitutional guarantee of “due process of law,” it is therefore important to view both provisions in their full historical context, with particular focus on the public understandings of each provision at the time of its respective enactment. The English Origins of “Due Process of Law” “Due process” originated in 1215 with the English Magna Carta, an important provision of which was that no freeman would be deprived of certain rights except “by the judgment of his peers and by the law of the land.” This guarantee was later codified by Parliament in a series of statutes, one of which replaced “law of the land” with “due process of law.” Sir Edward Coke and other influential writers on English law declared the two phrases synonymous and this view was widely accepted by American courts and commentators during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries."
}
] |
620021
|
what did the emancipation proclamation do for slavery?
|
[
{
"docid": "D240014#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation\nEmancipation Proclamation",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about American history. For emancipation proclamations in other countries, see Abolition of slavery timeline. Emancipation Proclamation Henry Lewis Stephens, untitled watercolor ( c. 1863) of a black man reading a newspaper with headline \"\"Presidential Proclamation/Slavery\"\". The five page original document, held in the National Archives Building. Until 1936 it had been bound with other proclamations in a large volume held by the Department of State. [ 1]Type Presidential proclamation Signed by Abraham Lincoln on 22 September 1862Summary During the American Civil War, enslaved people in the designated areas of the South declared \"\"free\"\"The Emancipation Proclamation, or Proclamation 95, was a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by U. S. President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863. It changed the federal legal status of more than 3 million enslaved people in the designated areas of the South from slave to free. As soon as a slave escaped the control of the Confederate government, by running away or through advances of federal troops, the slave became legally free. Ultimately, the rebel surrender liberated and resulted in the proclamation's application to all of the designated slaves. It did not cover slaves in Union areas that were freed by state action (or 3 years later by the 13th amendment in December 1865)."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D2556526#0",
"title": "http://www.brighthubeducation.com/history-homework-help/110497-the-purpose-of-the-emancipation-proclamation/\nUnderstanding the Emancipation Proclamation",
"text": "\"Understanding the Emancipation Proclamationwritten by: Trent Lorcher • edited by: Noreen Gunnell • updated: 2/17/2012The purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation goes far beyond the human rights issue of ending slavery. Lincoln felt it was necessary to win the Civil War. Many point to the Emancipation Proclamation as the document that ended slavery in the United States. This is not true, although it served as a precursor for the 13th amendment to the United States Constitution, which abolished slavery; the 14th amendment, which granted citizenship to former slaves; and the 15th amendment, which prohibited states from denying citizenship to former slaves. What is the Emancipation Proclamation? The purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation was to encourage rebellious states to rejoin the Union. On September 22, 1862, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. It stated that on January 1, 1863 \"\"all persons held as slaves within any States, or designated part of the State, the people whereof shall be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.\"\" That is, if you are part of the Confederacy, you have until January 1, 1863 to rejoin the Union or your slaves will be set free. No states accepted the offer and on January 1, 1863, all slaves held in the Confederacy were declared free."
},
{
"docid": "D270529#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_Emancipation_Proclamation_do\nWhat did the Emancipation Proclamation do?",
"text": "\"Answer by Forrestfire1999 Confidence votes 176FREED SOUTHERN SLAVES Abraham Lincoln issued the proclamation (first announcing it on Sept. 22, 1862, and putting it into effect on January 1, 1863), declaring slaves free in all areas then in rebellion against the Union. It authorized the Union armed forces to carry this into effect as they took control of areas of the Confederacy. When they received fleeing slaves, they were no longer to return them to their masters. The proclamation freed 3.1 million of the 4 million slaves in the USA. The Proclamation also authorized the Union armies to recruit these freed slaves to fight. A large number joined the Union Army and made a major contribution to the war effort during the final two years of the war. A claim that it \"\"freed no one\"\" (see below) is inaccurate. Yes, it only did so as the Union Army was able to move forward. But that is the same for any law or proclamation --it is a 'dead letter' until backed up by power (sometimes armed force). And this proclamation specifically provided for its own enforcement."
},
{
"docid": "D1837750#0",
"title": "http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h119.html\nEmancipation Proclamation",
"text": "Emancipation Proclamation Early in the war President Lincoln was careful to stress he was fighting to preserve the Union, not for the abolition of slavery. On two occasions he overruled military commanders who had abolished slavery in areas they controlled. He treaded with great care on the matter because of the importance of preserving the loyalty of the slave-owning Border States. In early 1862, Lincoln worked on the idea of emancipation secretly before broaching the subject with his cabinet. He was cautioned by Secretary of State William H. Seward to delay any announcement until the Union’s military fortunes improved, fearing that proclaiming freedom for the slaves might appear to be a move of desperation. In September 1862, shortly after the Battle of Antietam, Lincoln issued a preliminary emancipation proclamation. As of January 1, 1863, all slaves were to be freed in those areas still in rebellion against the federal government. He repeated his oft-stated positions that he was dedicated to restoring the Union and not ending slavery entirely, and that he supported the concept of compensated emancipation. Criticized by some for not abolishing slavery everywhere, Lincoln argued that he did not have the power to do so; only Congress and the Border States had that authority. Reaction in the South was predictable."
},
{
"docid": "D463464#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_and_slavery\nAbraham Lincoln and slavery",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Abraham Lincoln16th President of the United States Abraham Lincoln ' s position on slavery is one of the most discussed issues in American history. Lincoln often expressed moral opposition to slavery in public and private. [ 1] Initially, he expected to bring about the eventual extinction of slavery by stopping its further expansion into any U. S. territory, and by proposing compensated emancipation (an offer Congress applied to Washington, D. C.) in his early presidency. Lincoln stood by the Republican Party 's platform of 1860, which stated that slavery should not be allowed to expand into any more U. S. territories. He believed that the extension of slavery in new western lands would block \"\"free labor on free soil\"\", and he also wanted a peaceful, enduring end to slavery. As early as the 1850s, Lincoln had been politically attacked as an abolitionist, but he did not consider himself one. Howard Jones says that \"\"in the prewar period, as well as into the first months of the American Civil War itself.... Lincoln believed it prudent to administer a slow death to slavery through gradual emancipation and voluntary colonization rather than to follow the abolitionist and demanding an immediate end to slavery without compensation to owners.\"\" [ 2] In 1863, Lincoln ordered the freedom of all slaves in the areas \"\"in rebellion\"\" (the Confederacy) and insisted on enforcement freeing millions of slaves, but he did not call for the immediate end of slavery everywhere in the U. S. until the proposed 13th Amendment became part of his party platform for the 1864 election. [ 3]In 1842, Abraham Lincoln had married Mary Todd, who was a daughter of a slave-owning family from Kentucky. [ 4] Lincoln returned to the political stage as a result of the 1854 Kansas–Nebraska Act and soon became a leading opponent of the \"\" Slaveocracy \"\"—the political power of the Southern slave owners."
},
{
"docid": "D1347058#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_did_Abraham_Lincoln_end_slavery\nHow did Abraham Lincoln end slavery?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States US Presidents Abraham Lincoln How did Abraham Lincoln end slavery? Flag How did Abraham Lincoln end slavery? Answer by LIL LEGEND Confidence votes 1.9KIn September of 1862, Lincoln declared that unless the Confederate States returned to the Union and stopped the war, he would free all slaves held within Southern states. None of the Confederates took the offer, so on January 1st Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. This states that \"\" all persons held as slaves within any states...shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free\"\"10 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Mark Baria 19 Contributions Why did Abraham Lincoln work to end slavery? Abraham Lincoln did not end slavery. Congress did with the 13th Amendment. Lincoln only created the Emancipation Proclamation to \"\"free\"\" the slaves in the ten states (and only …What did Abraham Lincoln do to end slavery? Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclimation which freed slaves indefinelty but also led to the end of the civil war."
},
{
"docid": "D1585713#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_did_the_emancipation_proclamation_change_the_way_people_felt_about_the_civil_war\nHow did the emancipation proclamation change the way people felt about the civil war?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History US Civil War Emancipation Proclamation How did the emancipation proclamation change the way people felt about the civil war? Flag How did the emancipation proclamation change the way people felt about the civil war? Answer by Brooke Ramey Confidence votes 10The Emancipation Proclamation has faced criticism as a document of little actual impact, because it offered freedom only to slaves \"\"within any state or designated part of a state … in rebellion against the United States\"\"-not to slaves in areas that the Union actually controlled. ( The March 1862 Confiscation Act had freed slaves in rebellious states, though it only described such slaves as \"\"captives of war\"\" who would not be returned to \"\"claimants.\"\") Some have therefore challenged the Proclamation's importance in ending slavery. But in formally tying the Union's war aims to a policy of abolishing slavery, Lincoln dramatically expanded the scope of the conflict. From black soldiers to European statesmen, from Lincoln's political enemies in the North to outraged rebels in the South, observers understood that the war, and the future course of the nation, had undergone a fundamental change. Whether they approved or not, after January 1, 1863, Americans no longer could deny that freedom for African Americans was now a central part of the Union war effort. As issued in September 1862,4 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Liya Chumov 1 Contribution What effect did the Emancipation Proclamation have on the Civil War?"
},
{
"docid": "D1990594#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_emancipation_proclamation_accomplish\nWhat did the emancipation proclamation accomplish?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History US Civil War Emancipation Proclamation What did the emancipation proclamation accomplish? Flag What did the emancipation proclamation accomplish? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. It freed slaves in states outside of the Union. It freed the slaves in the Confederacy. It freed slaves in the rebelling states. It frees slaves. It was issued by American President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, during the American Civil War, using war time powers to free the slaves of the ten states in rebellion against the United States government. The Proclamation immediately freed 50,000 slaves.4 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Emancipation of Proclamation?"
},
{
"docid": "D1290984#0",
"title": "http://articles.latimes.com/2013/jan/02/opinion/la-oe-wiener-emancipation-proclamation-20130102\nLincoln's slavery tactic",
"text": "\"Op-Ed Lincoln's slavery tactic Emancipation Proclamation did not literally free all slaves. But it made the end of slavery in the U. S. only a matter of time — and military victory. January 02, 2013 | By Jon Wiener Visitors are seen looking at a display of President Abraham Lincoln's… (Jacquelyn Martin / Associated…)The Emancipation Proclamation, issued by President Abraham Lincoln 150 years ago this week, has often been criticized by blacks, by radicals and also by mainstream historians who doubt its significance as a turning point in the Civil War and in American history. The skeptics range from conservatives in Lincoln's time, to Howard Zinn and Gore Vidal more recently, and include Richard Hofstadter, who wrote in his classic 1948 book \"\"The American Political Tradition\"\" that the Emancipation Proclamation \"\"had all the moral grandeur of a bill of lading.\"\" The critics argue that the Emancipation Proclamation didn't actually free any slaves. Lincoln \"\"freed\"\" the slaves, the argument goes, only where he had no power — inside the Confederacy. As the proclamation put it, \"\"slaves are, and henceforward shall be free,\"\" but only \"\"in the States and parts of States wherein the people … are this day in rebellion against the United States.\"\" In the slave states where he did have power — the border states that remained in the Union — Lincoln's Proclamation left slavery intact. The skeptics have a point, but they miss the larger context and historical significance of Lincoln's actions. It's true that the proclamation applied only to the Confederacy, where of course slavery remained protected by the Confederate government and army."
},
{
"docid": "D1405737#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/How-did-the-Emancipation-Proclamation-change-the-nature-of-the-war\nHow did the Emancipation Proclamation change the nature of the war?",
"text": "Emancipation Proclamation Emancipation U. S. Civil War History of the United States of America How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the nature of the war?2 Answers Kai Jaeger, Born and raised in the US of AAnswered Dec 12, 2016 · Author has 1k answers and 631.9k answer views Before the Emancipation Proclamation, the war was about “states’ rights.” We really know what the right was, but the war was technically about states’ rights. That actually put the war in the Confederate favor, because guess what? Britain and France want the cotton that the CSA provided them. However, due to the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln made the war about slavery. First of all, it excited abolitionists, it riled up slaves, and it removed Europeans from the equation. It excited abolitionists: This is pretty simple; the abolitionists were anti-slavery and Lincoln freeing all the CSA slaves was exciting for them. Keep in mind he did not free slaves in the Northern states because he wanted to keep them in the Union. It riled up slaves: The slaves got excited, because even though Lincoln didn’t have the authority to free them, they took it upon themselves to get freed by using their feet. They ran to the nearest safe space they could, Union camps."
},
{
"docid": "D2849216#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_13th_amendment\nWhat is the 13th amendment?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States What is the 13th amendment? Flag What is the 13th amendment? Answer by Wiki Writer Confidence votes 16.2KThe Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery, plus (with limited exceptions, such as those convicted of a crime) prohibits involuntary servitude. Prior to its ratification, slavery remained legal only in Delaware and Kentucky; everywhere else in the USA slaves had been freed by state action and the federal government's Emancipation Proclamation. Abraham Lincoln (who had issued the Emancipation Proclamation) and others were concerned that the Emancipation Proclamation would be seen as a temporary war measure, and so, besides freeing slaves in those two states where slavery was still legal, they supported the Amendment as a means to guarantee the permanent abolition of slavery. The amendment was originally co-authored and sponsored by Congressmen James Mitchell Ashley (Republican, Ohio) and James Falconer Wilson (Republican, Iowa) and Senator John B. Henderson (Democrat, Missouri). It was followed by the other Reconstruction Amendments, the Fourteenth (intended to protect the civil rights of former slaves) and Fifteenth (which banned racial restrictions on voting). The Thirteenth Amendment makes slavery unconstitutional and thus illegal and gives Congress the power to enforce this mandate. It reads in part,\"\"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. \"\" 9 people found this useful Was this answer useful?"
},
{
"docid": "D2507955#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_year_were_slaves_freed_officiallly\nWhat year were slaves freed officiallly?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States US Presidents Abraham Lincoln What year were slaves freed officiallly? Flag What year were slaves freed officiallly? Answer by Acermann1961 Confidence votes 198the 13th amendment was ratifed in December of 1865 freeing all slaves in the united states and its' territories Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863 was a powerful move that promised freedom for slaves in the Confederacy as soon as the Union armies reached them, and authorized the enlistment of African Americans in the Union Army. The Emancipation Proclamation did not free slaves in the Union-allied slave-holding states that bordered the Confederacy. Since the Confederate States did not recognize the authority of President Lincoln, and the proclamation did not apply in the border states, at first the proclamation freed only slaves who had escaped behind Union lines. Still, the proclamation made the abolition of slavery an official war goal that was implemented as the Union took territory from the Confederacy. According to the Census of 1860, this policy would free nearly four million slaves, or over 12% of the total population of the United States. There still were over 250,000 slaves in Texas. Word did not reach Texas about the collapse of the Confederacy until June 19, 1865. African Americans and others celebrate that day as Juneteenth, the day of freedom, in Texas, Oklahoma and some other states."
},
{
"docid": "D2350228#0",
"title": "http://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/african-americans-and-emancipation/resources/emancipation-proclamation-through-differ\nThe Emancipation Proclamation through Different Eyes",
"text": "\"The Emancipation Proclamation through Different Eyesby Gregory Segovia Background The Emancipation Proclamation is the document that Lincoln felt would cement his name in history. It stated that all enslaved people within the states in rebellion were free. Although the document was not accepted in the Confederacy and therefore did not immediately free any slaves, it is considered one of the most important in American history. The proclamation, controversial in its own time, laid down a pathway for the future and provided a commitment to ending slavery. The document promoted the mission of reestablishing a unified nation—a goal that was seen as an important part of creating a fairer and better America. In order to keep the border states in the Union, Lincoln’s proclamation did not apply to them. President Lincoln issued the document as a wartime measure justified by \"\"the power vested in me as Commander in Chief\"\" by the Constitution. As word of the proclamation spread, enslaved people made their way from plantation fields to union lines in battle zones. Issued after the Battle of Antietam, a bloody battle in which Union forces claimed victory, the document raised the stakes for both the Confederacy and the Union. European nations, which had abolished slavery, were now less likely to recognize the rebellious Southern government."
},
{
"docid": "D1585714#0",
"title": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation\nEmancipation Proclamation",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search The English used in this article or section may not be easy for everybody to understand. You can help Wikipedia by reading Wikipedia: How to write Simple English pages, then simplifying the article. ( April 2012)Hostile cartoon about Lincoln writing the Proclamation The Emancipation Proclamation was an order by U. S. President Abraham Lincoln to free slaves in 10 states. It applied to slaves in the states still in rebellion in 1863 during the American Civil War. It did not actually immediately free all slaves in those states, because those areas were still controlled by the Confederacy. It did, however, free at least 20,000 slaves immediately, and nearly all 4 million slaves (according to the 1860 United States census) as the Union army advanced into Confederate states. Until the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1865, only the states had power to end slavery within their own borders. Thus, Lincoln issued the Proclamation as a war measure in his role as commander-in-chief. The Proclamation made emancipation a goal of the Civil War. It also weakened efforts within England and France to officially recognize the Confederacy."
},
{
"docid": "D2355290#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emancipation_proclomation\nEmancipation Proclamation",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Emancipation proclomation)navigation search This article is about American history. For emancipation proclamations in other countries, see Abolition of slavery timeline. Emancipation Proclamation Henry Lewis Stephens, untitled watercolor ( c. 1863) of a black man reading a newspaper with headline \"\"Presidential Proclamation/Slavery\"\". The five page original document, held in the National Archives Building. Until 1936 it had been bound with other proclamations in a large volume held by the Department of State. [ 1]Type Presidential proclamation Signed by Abraham Lincoln on 22 September 1862Summary During the American Civil War, enslaved people in the designated areas of the South declared \"\"free\"\"The Emancipation Proclamation, or Proclamation 95, was a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by U. S. President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863. It changed the federal legal status of more than 3 million enslaved people in the designated areas of the South from slave to free. As soon as a slave escaped the control of the Confederate government, by running away or through advances of federal troops, the slave became legally free. Ultimately, the rebel surrender liberated and resulted in the proclamation's application to all of the designated slaves. It did not cover slaves in Union areas that were freed by state action (or 3 years later by the 13th amendment in December 1865)."
},
{
"docid": "D3323501#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080912095034AAaxr3k\nWhat Year Did Lincoln Free The Slaves?",
"text": "\"Arts & Humanities History What Year Did Lincoln Free The Slaves? What year did lincoln save the slaves??? ? 1 following 11 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Sept 22 1862. Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation declared that all the slaves in the rebel states were free. Many see this as a political ploy or phony since it did not free any slaves in Union states, but it was a real limitation on Lincoln's power as President. The constitution and supreme court decisions protected slavery in the United States. The President, even in war time, can not so blatantly violate the constitution. However, states in rebellion have theoretically given up their constitutional protection. As commander-in-chief, the President has the authority to do what he wants with enemy property. So, he can free their slaves."
},
{
"docid": "D2350227#0",
"title": "http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/lincoln/exhibition/emancipation/index.html\nEmancipation",
"text": "Emancipation By the summer of 1862, Lincoln had come to the conclusion that he would have to free the slaves in the Southern states in order to win the war. Lincoln read the first draft of the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation to his cabinet in July of 1862, but calculated he would need a military victory to provide justification and credibility for its execution. The Union victory at the Battle of Antietam (September 17, 1862) gave Lincoln his victory. On September 22, Lincoln published his Preliminary Proclamation as a warning to states still at war with the Union. If they did not cease their fire, their slaves would become forever free on January 1, 1863. What was Lincoln’s principal motive behind the Emancipation Proclamation? Did he really care about abolishing slavery, or did he just want to win the war? Most historians agree that Lincoln wanted to accomplish both, but that his primary goal at the time was to preserve the Union. In a letter explaining his position to New York Tribune editor Horace Greeley, Lincoln wrote:“If there would be those who would not save the Union, unless they could at the same time save slavery, I do not agree with them. If there be those who would not save the Union unless they could at the same time destroy slavery, I do not agree with them."
},
{
"docid": "D1089563#0",
"title": "http://www.abrahamlincolnsclassroom.org/abraham-lincoln-in-depth/abraham-lincoln-and-slavery/\nAbraham Lincoln and Slavery",
"text": "Abraham Lincoln and Slavery Featured Book Michael Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life (Johns Hopkins Press, 2008) The Morality and Legality of Slavery Opposing the Extension of Slavery Slavery’s Influence The Dred Scott Case1858 Senate Campaign & Debates Pressure for Emancipation The Border States and Frémont Emancipation Contrabands and Emancipation in the District of Columbia Draft Emancipation Proclamation Final Emancipation Proclamation Impact of Emancipation Colonization Building the Case for Abolishing Slavery Slave Trading The Thirteenth Amendment Lincoln’s Legacy“In politics Mr Lincoln told the truth when he said he had ‘always hated slavery as much as any Abolitionist’ but I do not know that he deserved a great deal of credit for that for his hatred of oppression & wrong in all its forms was constitutional – he could not help it,” wrote Attorney Samuel C. Parks, a longtime friend of Abraham Lincoln. 1 Contemporary Robert H. Browne recalled Abraham Lincoln telling him in 1854: “The slavery question often bothered me as far back as 1836-40. I was troubled and grieved over it; but the after the annexation of Texas I gave it up, believing as I now do, that God will settle it, and settle it right, and that he will, in some inscrutable way, restrict the spread of so great an evil; but for the present it is our duty to wait.” 2Browne came to know Mr. Lincoln as a teenage assistant in the Bloomington law office of David Davis and Asahel Gridley. “ One evening as I sat and talked with him in the office, in order to answer his question as to what was the groundwork on my belief on slavery, I told him what I knew and has seen of it in the mild slaveholding city of St. Louis, and what my father knew about it for several years.” Browne recalled that he “talked an hour, with frequent questions interspersed by Mr. Lincoln, who was deeply interested in every fact and feature of this slavery business in the city of St. Louis, as we saw and understood it for so many years. When I had finished, he was in deep and profound study, and I thought perhaps he had fallen asleep. I said, in the usual way, not louder than ordinary conversation, ‘Mr. Lincoln, do you wonder that my father and myself were Abolitionists, or do you doubt our sincerity?’ This disclosed that he had not been asleep, but in deep thought. He sat firm, with not so much as a muscle of his face relaxed, as he had done through much of my recital."
},
{
"docid": "D2064763#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080310151821AAQZGPZ\nHow did the Emancipation Proclamation affect the civil war?",
"text": "\"Arts & Humanities History How did the Emancipation Proclamation affect the civil war? Follow 6 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: It depends on your perspective. It freed no slaves. However, it did place the slavery issue to the fore in the eyes of Great Britain. At that time in the war it was quite possible that Great Britain was considering entering the war by officially supporting the Confederacy. This would have placed British ships of war in Confederate waters and began supplying the Confederacy with arms and other supplies. With this proclamation slavery became (for the first time) a major issue and it became politically unfeasible for Great Britain to support a slavery promoter such as the Confederacy. In addition this proclamation became a public relations project in that it drew new volunteers into the Union Army. Randy · 1 decade ago1 1 Comment Everyone above does not know the real reason Lincoln issued the document it was a political reason the Emancipation proclamation freed all the slave in the South. But it did not free the slaves in the north like Missouri The reason Linclon issued it was to say that the south was for slavery and not letting everyone free."
},
{
"docid": "D302493#0",
"title": "https://study.com/academy/lesson/emancipation-of-slavery-definition-law-proclamation-summary.html\nEmancipation of Slaves: Definition, Law & Proclamation Summary",
"text": "Instructor: Lucia Reyes The Emancipation Proclamation set the path toward the eradication of slavery in the United States. Complete this lesson to learn more about this monumental decision and its impact on history. What Is Emancipation? Emancipation is defined by Webster's dictionary as 'the act of being freed from restraint, control, or the power of another; especially: to free from bondage.' In the context of the history of the United States, emancipation refers to the abolishment of slavery. Emancipating slaves wasn't an easy process, however. The monumental decisions that ended slavery were made during the most tumultuous and violent period in the history of the United States—the American Civil War. Background Information The American Civil War is often referred to as 'the bloodiest war in American history', with the loss of lives totaling over 600,000. Although slavery was not the sole cause of the Civil War, it did play a major factor. The economic dependency on the plantation system in the South made this region distinctly different from the industrial-based North."
},
{
"docid": "D1560841#0",
"title": "http://www.ushistory.org/us/34a.asp\n34a. The Emancipation Proclamation",
"text": "\"34a. The Emancipation Proclamation U. S. Senate First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation by President Lincoln, painted by Francis Carpenter in 1864Americans tend to think of the Civil War as being fought to end slavery. Even one full year into the Civil War, the elimination of slavery was not a key objective of the North. Despite a vocal Abolitionist movement in the North, many people and many soldiers, in particular, opposed slavery, but did not favor emancipation. They expected slavery to die on its own over time. In the border states — Union states that still permitted slavery — the situation was full of problems. When a Union officer in Kentucky freed local slaves after a major victory, Union soldiers threw down their arms and disbanded. Lincoln intervened and \"\"unfreed\"\" those slaves. He did this to prevent a military backlash. The Emancipation Proclamation By the President of the United States of America: A Proclamation."
}
] |
620037
|
what did the european settlers do in australia
|
[
{
"docid": "D320697#0",
"title": "http://www.janesoceania.com/australia_aboriginal_whitesettlers/index1.htm\n.",
"text": "\"AUSTRALIAAborigines And White Settlers The Breaking Down of Aboriginal Society When the first European settlers arrived in 1788 the Aborigines were the sole occupants of Australia. A hundred years later Aborigines no longer held much of the continent, and many Aboriginal groups were struggling for survival. Almost everywhere white settlement had proved overpowering. There had been no peaceful adjustment between whites and Aborigines, and the frontier between them had many times been marked in blood. Even where white settlement was sparse, traditional Aboriginal society was often strongly influenced by the presence of the new arrivals. Budget DVD Sale White people, claiming they had greater natural abilities and a higher standard of civilisation, soon justified what was happening. When they later looked backwards on their short time in Australia, they began to revere the achievements of pioneering whites. The achievements of the Aboriginal people, and the story of what had happened between whites and Aborigines, were ignored or quickly passed over. The European Explorers Before 1788 the Macassan seamen were not the only visitors to Australia's shores. European explorers, especially the Dutch, began to make contact with Australia's coasts in the seventeen the century."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1877142#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/663985/world-history-chapter-25-flash-cards/\nWorld History Chapter 25",
"text": "21 terms Poly Papi World History Chapter 25Traditions & Encounters: World History AP Chapter 25 New Worlds: The Americas and Oceania Mc Graw-Hill.com) Quiz Set Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort What was Doña Marina's role in the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs? She could speak several native languages and served as an interpreter. Tainos The first indigenous people that the Spanish empire dispossessed of their lands and forced into labor. Encomienda system The labor system that compelled Indians to work in Spanish mines and fields in exchange for protection and Christian conversion. The following WERE significant factors in Cortés's defeat of the Aztec empire? A devastating SMALLPOX epidemic. SUPERIOR Spanish technology. RESENTMENT of many indigenous peoples to Aztec rule. Audiencias In colonial governments, the power of the Spanish viceroy was kept in check by this authority. How did Portugal gain an empire in Brazil?"
},
{
"docid": "D74939#0",
"title": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Australia\nHistory of Australia",
"text": "\"People have lived in Australia for about 65,000 years [1] [2]. The first people who arrived in what is now Australia were the Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islanders. [ 3] The aboriginal people came by boat from the islands of Indonesia. They lived in all parts of Australia. Their lives were simple, they had very few needs. They lived by hunting, fishing and gathering. Aborigines invented tools like the boomerang and spear, but did not farm (to be confirmed). Tradition was very important in their lives. Their religion is called the Dreaming, which has lots of stories about the creation of the world by spirits. Aboriginal art started at least 30,000 years ago and there are lots of Dreaming stories painted on walls and cut in rocks all around Australia. Aboriginal music has songs about the Dreamtime, sometimes with special instruments like the didgeridoo."
},
{
"docid": "D2273431#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Perth,_Western_Australia\nHistory of Perth, Western Australia",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search See also: History of Western Australia Part of a series on the History of Australia Chronological Prehistory Exploration by sea Land exploration1788–1850 1851–19001901–1945 1945– present Timeline By topic Constitution Diplomacy Economy Federation Immigration Indigenous people Military Monarchy Rail transport By region State/Territory Capital ACT Canberra New South Wales Sydney Northern Territory Darwin Queensland Brisbane South Australia Adelaide Tasmania Hobart Victoria Melbourne Western Australia Perth Australia portalv t e This article details the history of Perth, Western Australia from the first human activity in the region to the present time. The article covers aspects of all of the Perth metropolitan area, including the modern CBD. The city of Perth in Western Australia was named by Captain James Stirling in 1829 after Perth, Scotland, in honour of the birthplace and parliamentary seat in the British House of Commons of Sir George Murray, Secretary of State for War and the Colonies. Contents [ hide ]1 Aboriginal history2 Early European exploration3 Founding of the Swan River Colony4 Layout of the principal towns5 Early years (1830 - 1850)6 Convict era (1850 - 1868)7 Later 19th century8 Gold boom (1885 - 1901)9 Early 20th century10 Post war period (1946 - 1970s)11 Later 20th century12 21st century13 See also14 Further reading15 References Aboriginal history [ edit]Main article: Aboriginal history of Western Australia Before the founding of the Swan River Colony, the indigenous Noongar people were well established in the southwest corner of Western Australia, hunting and gathering. [ 1] They called the area on which Perth now stands Boorloo. Boorloo formed part of Mooro, the tribal lands of Yellagonga, whose group was one of several based around the Swan River, known collectively as the Whadjug. Like elsewhere in Australia, Aboriginal occupation of the coastal plain was unwittingly preparing the ground for European settlement. The ground they cultivated, the tracks they passed along, the native plants they cropped and the bush they cleared by fire all foreshadowed the siting and establishment of European settlements and homesteads. [ 2]The lakes on the coastal plain were particularly important to the Aboriginal people, providing them with both spiritual and physical sustenance. The swamps to the north of the river provided food, meeting places, shelter, and familiar hunting grounds."
},
{
"docid": "D2137065#0",
"title": "http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-56_u-426_t-1075_c-4150/WA/10/Impact-of-European-settlement-on-flora-and-fauna/Mass-migration/Becoming-Australian/SOSE-History\nImpact of European settlement on flora and fauna",
"text": "Impact of European settlement on flora and fauna Unit Home Topic Home 7 Pictures 0 Animations 0 Videos Chapter Summary 0 Activities 0 Exams Introduction European settlement has had a vast impact on the flora and fauna of Australia. Early settlers throughout the 18th and 19th centuries believed that introduced species would 'improve' the 'barren' Australian landscape. The detrimental, and often extreme, effects that these species have had on native plants and animal species, however, are still being managed today. Australian flora and fauna: the beginning Australia is renowned for its unique collection of native flora and fauna. The isolation of Australia has played a large role in the development of many plant and animal species which cannot be found anywhere else in the world. Since native Australian animals, especially marsupials (including the kangaroo, koala, wombat and glider possum) and monotremes (including the echidna and platypus), were initially without many natural predators or competitors, they were able to enjoy a better chance of survival. Having adapted to the Australian climate, native plants were also left to thrive without any threat from other species. See image 1Prior to European settlement, the only inhabitants of the continent were the Indigenous people of Australia. While they solely relied on native plants and animals to provide them with their daily needs, the Aboriginal people did not damage or deprive the land in any way. Despite hunting native animals, including kangaroos, the Aboriginal people only ever took what they needed and varied their diet to ensure that no single food source was completely depleted."
},
{
"docid": "D742123#0",
"title": "http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/colonialism/\nColonialism",
"text": "Colonialism First published Tue May 9, 2006; substantive revision Tue Aug 29, 2017Colonialism is a practice of domination, which involves the subjugation of one people to another. One of the difficulties in defining colonialism is that it is hard to distinguish it from imperialism. Frequently the two concepts are treated as synonyms. Like colonialism, imperialism also involves political and economic control over a dependent territory. The etymology of the two terms, however, provides some clues about how they differ. The term colony comes from the Latin word colonus, meaning farmer. This root reminds us that the practice of colonialism usually involved the transfer of population to a new territory, where the arrivals lived as permanent settlers while maintaining political allegiance to their country of origin. Imperialism, on the other hand, comes from the Latin term imperium, meaning to command. Thus, the term imperialism draws attention to the way that one country exercises power over another, whether through settlement, sovereignty, or indirect mechanisms of control. The legitimacy of colonialism has been a longstanding concern for political and moral philosophers in the Western tradition."
},
{
"docid": "D2090490#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/FAQ/3156\nContinents and Regions",
"text": "\"Wiki Answers ® Categories Travel & Places Continents and Regions Unanswered | Answered Continents and Regions Parent Category: Travel & Places Questions regarding the seven continents and major regions of the earth. Subcategories Arctic Central America Continents Eurasia Mesopotamia Middle East Oceania Southeast Asia West Indies Arctic Central America Continents Eurasia Mesopotamia Middle East Oceania Southeast Asia West Indies1 2 3 >The three largest countries in population size in the North Africa/Southwest Asia realm are? Egypt, Iran, and Turkey How many land regions does Nebraska have? Nebraska has two major land regions: the Dissected Till Plains and the Great Plains . Do Spotted hyenas live in the Sahara? No, their range is all of sub-Saharan Africa except for the Congo Basin. What animals and plants are unique in belize's barrier reef? Reidi Seahorses, Coral beauty angelfish, Fire Coral and many more types of coral, algea and more Is there a money maker for arctic antics?there could be,i`m not sure Are there 42 countries in Europe? No, there are about 51 countries in Europe. What two planets did Mesopotamians know about?"
},
{
"docid": "D2653558#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windradyne\nWindradyne",
"text": "\"Windradyne From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Windradyne A Wiradjuri warrior, thought to be Windradyne Born c. 1800 Northern Wiradjuri nation (central-western NSW)Died 21 March 1829 (aged 29) Bathurst, New South Wales Cause of death Battle injuries Resting place Brucedale Station, Peel, NSW 33°19′38″S 149°36′36″ENationality Wiradjuri, Australia Other names Saturday, Windrodine, Windradene Occupation Warrior Years active 1822–1829Known for Fighting British colonials Windradyne ( c. 1800 – 21 March 1829) was an Aboriginal warrior and resistance leader of the Wiradjuri nation, in what is now central-western New South Wales, Australia; he was also known to the British settlers as Saturday. [ 1] Windradyne led his people in the Bathurst War, a frontier war between his clan and British settlers. [ 1] [2]Contents [ hide ]1 Description2 British settlement2.1 First contact3 Bathurst War3.1 Hostilities3.2 Peace4 Death5 Commemoration6 See also7 Notes8 References Description [ edit]Although only limited information about Windradyne is available, mainly from the contemporary British accounts, it is possible to put together an approximate description of the man. Windradyne's date of birth is unknown, but on his death in 1829 his obituary in The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser —thought to be by his settler friend George Suttor from 'Brucedale Station' north of Bathurst —stated \"\"His age did not, I think, exceed 30 years\"\", [3] thus putting his year of birth at approximately 1800. Coe's biography of Windradyne from 1989 states that he was handsome and well built, with broad shoulders and muscular limbs. He had dark brown skin, thick black curly hair, and a long beard. He typically wore a headband, and had his beard plaited into three sections. [ 4] However, Coe's description does not fully correlate with a drawing of a Wiradjuri warrior that is thought to depict Windradyne. When Windradyne visited Parramatta to meet with Governor Thomas Brisbane in December 1824, the Sydney Gazette (using the British appellation for him of Saturday) wrote that:“ He is one of the finest looking natives we have seen in this part of the country. He is not particularly tall, but is much stouter and more proportionably [sic] limbed than the majority of his countrymen; which, combined with a noble looking countenance, and piercing eye, are calculated to impress the beholder with other than disagreeable feelings towards a character who has been so much dreaded by the Bathurst settler."
},
{
"docid": "D1281604#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_type_of_food_do_people_in_Australia_eat\nWhat type of food do people in Australia eat?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Travel & Places Continents and Regions Continents Australia What type of food do people in Australia eat? Flag What type of food do people in Australia eat? Answer by On the Wallaby Confidence votes 292KPassionate about all things Australian Australians eat more or less the same types of food commonly found throughout the western world. They are particularly fond of dishes such as roast lamb, and meat pies. Australia also has a unique dessert called the pavlova, a dish made mainly of meringue, fresh fruit and cream, but this is not usually an everyday food.8 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Firescream66 19 Contributions What foods do people in Australia eat? It would be very difficult to put your finger on what foods Australians typically eat. Australia has a very cosmopolitan taste in foods as there are people from all over the w …Rudy 25 1 Contribution What type of food do the people of New Zealand and Australia eat? Bread, beer, butter, margarine, muesli, milk, bacon, egg, steak, pork, lamb, chicken, fish, Mc Donalds, KFC, Hungry Jacks, Wendy's, Subway, Pizza Hut, Dominos, Krispy Kreme, so …What type of food do people eat in Columbia? Colombian food is characterized by its blending of European cuisine with aspects of indigenous cuisine.. Even though there is no consensus as to which one dish can be conside …What food do people eat in Australia?"
},
{
"docid": "D1815186#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Indigenous_Australians\nHistory of Indigenous Australians",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the history of Aboriginal Australians. For the academic journal, see Aboriginal History. [ hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages)This article may be in need of reorganization to comply with Wikipedia's layout guidelines. ( January 2015)The neutrality of this article is disputed. ( January 2015)This article possibly contains original research. ( January 2015)This article is written like a personal reflection or opinion essay that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings about a topic. ( January 2015)This article is missing information about the theories surrounding aboriginal farming, permanent settlement, and architecture. ( January 2015)A 19th-century engraving showing natives of the Gweagal tribe opposing the arrival of Captain James Cook in 1770."
},
{
"docid": "D2503116#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_Australia\nImmigration to Australia",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search People born overseas as a percentage of the population in Australia divided geographically by statistical local area, as of the 2011 census It has been suggested that this article be merged with Immigration history of Australia. ( Discuss) Proposed since January 2017. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( January 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Monthly arrivals of permanent settlers since 1976Immigration to Australia began when the ancestors of Australian Aborigines arrived on the continent via the islands of Maritime Southeast Asia and New Guinea. [ 1]Permanent European settlement began in 1788 with the establishment of a British penal colony in New South Wales. From early federation in 1901, Australia maintained the White Australia policy, which was abolished after World War II. Since 1945, more than 7 million people have settled in Australia. From the late 1970s, there was a significant increase in immigration from Asian and other non-European countries, making Australia a multicultural country."
},
{
"docid": "D1482629#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/19084063/chapter-25-practice-quiz-flash-cards/\nChapter 25 Practice Quiz",
"text": "32 terms Jesusfreak1118Chapter 25 Practice Quiz Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort D. She could speak several native languages and served as an interpreter. What was Dona Marina's role in the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs? A. She unwittingly infected many of her people with smallpox. B. She betrayed the secret entrance to Tenochtitlan. C. She bore Cortés a child, who would bring unity between both peoples. D. She could speak several native languages and served as an interpreter. E. She was the 1st Catholic convert. E. Tainos."
},
{
"docid": "D2541938#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swan_River_Colony\nSwan River Colony",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. ( April 2011) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)This article is part of the series History of Australia Capital cities Adelaide Brisbane Canberra Darwin Hobart Melbourne Perth Sydney The Swan River Colony was a British colony established in 1829 on the Swan River, in Western Australia. The name was a pars pro toto for Western Australia. In 1832 the colony was renamed the Colony of Western Australia, when the colony's founding Lieutenant-Governor, Captain James Stirling, belatedly received his commission. However, the name \"\"Swan River Colony\"\" remained in informal use for many years afterwards. Contents [ hide ]1 European exploration2 Background to the settlement3 Events of the settlement4 See also5 Notes6 References European exploration [ edit]Willem de Vlamingh's ships, with black swans, at the entrance to the Swan River, Western Australia, coloured engraving (1796), derived from an earlier drawing (now lost) from the de Vlamingh expeditions of 1696–97. The first recorded Europeans to sight land where the city of Perth is now located were Dutch sailors. Most likely the first visitor to the Swan River area was Frederick de Houtman on 19 July 1619, travelling on the ships Dordrecht and Amsterdam. His records indicate he first reached the Western Australian coast at latitude 32°20' which would equate to Rottnest or just south of there."
},
{
"docid": "D1730983#0",
"title": "http://www.alrc.gov.au/publications/3.%20Aboriginal%20Societies%3A%20The%20Experience%20of%20Contact/changing-policies-towards-aboriginal\n3. Aboriginal Societies: The Experience of Contact",
"text": "3. Aboriginal Societies: The Experience of Contact Changing Policies Towards Aboriginal People22. The Initial Impact. Aboriginal people have occupied’ Australia for at least 40 000 years. [ 2] However, very little is known about the history of human occupation during this enormous length of time, even in outline, and practically nothing of the social, political and cultural changes that must have occurred. [ 3] Recorded Aboriginal history is a history of contact, with Macassan or Indonesian traders or fishermen, [4] with European, especially British, navigators and with British colonists and settlers. At the time of the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788, there was, of course, no single Aboriginal nation. Australia (including Tasmania) contained a large number of groups occupying more or less discrete areas and with considerable diversity in terms of language and culture. [ 5] Conflicts between settlers and Aborigines, and the devastation caused by introduced diseases and alcohol, reduced the Aboriginal population during the first hundred years of settlement from an estimated 300 000 to 60 000. [ 6] Most of those who survived had their traditional ways of life destroyed or at least suppressed."
},
{
"docid": "D903235#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australians\nAustralians",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Australian\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Australian (disambiguation). Australians Total populationc. 25 million Regions with significant populations Australia 24,000,000Thailand 300,000United States 94,000–200,000 [1] [2]United Kingdom 113,000 [3]Hong Kong 90,000 [4] [5]New Zealand 70,000 [6]Canada 62,910 [7]Indonesia 55,000 [8]Greece 50,000Italy 30,000 [8] [9]Lebanon 20,000–25,000 [8] [10]Singapore 20,000 (2011) [11]France 3,000 (2011) [12]Brazil 1,000 [13]Languages Australian English · Australian Spanish ·Australian Chinese · Other minority languages [14]Religion Christianity ( Anglican, Protestantism, Roman Catholicism) Other minority religions [15]Related ethnic groups British Irish European countries New Zealanders Canadians South Africans Americans British diaspora in Africa White Zimbabweans Melanesians Polynesians Commonwealth Citizens Australians ( / ə ˈ s t r eɪ l i ə n / ), colloquially known as Aussies ( / ˈ ɒ z i / ), are people associated with Australia, sharing a common history, culture, and language ( Australian English ). Present-day Australians are citizens of the Commonwealth of Australia, governed by its nationality law. The majority of Australians descend from the peoples of the British Isles. The Colony of New South Wales was established by the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1788, with the arrival of the First Fleet, and five other colonies were established in the early 19th century, now forming the six present-day Australian states. Many early settlements were penal colonies, and transported convicts (and, later, ex-convicts) made up a significant proportion of the population in most colonies. Large-scale immigration did not occur until the 1850s, following a series of gold rushes. Further waves of immigration occurred after the First and Second World Wars, with many post-World War II migrants coming from Europe, the Middle East, Asia, Pacific Islands, Africa, and Latin America."
},
{
"docid": "D1466700#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealanders\nNew Zealanders",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search New Zealanders Meeting of European and Māori New Zealanders, 1863Total populationc. 5.5 million Regions with significant populations New Zealand c. 4,790,000Australia 640,770 [1]United Kingdom 58,286 [2]United States 22,872 [2]Canada 9,475 [2]Netherlands 4,260 [2]United Arab Emirates 4,000 [3]Japan 3,146 [2]Hong Kong 3,000 [4]Germany 2,631 [5] [6]Ireland 2,195 [2]France 890 [2]Languages English · Other minority languages Religion Christianity ( Anglican, Protestantism, Roman Catholicism) Other minority religions [7]New Zealanders, colloquially known as Kiwis, [8] [9] are people associated with New Zealand, sharing a common history, culture, and language ( New Zealand English ). People of various ethnicities and national origins are citizens of New Zealand, governed by its nationality law. Originally composed solely of the indigenous Māori, the ethnic makeup of the population has been dominated since the 19th century by New Zealanders of European descent, mainly of Scottish, English, Welsh and Irish ancestry, with smaller percentages of other European ancestries such as German, Dutch, Scandinavian and South Slavic. Today, the ethnic makeup of the New Zealand population is undergoing a process of change, with new waves of immigration, higher birth rates and increasing interracial marriage resulting in the New Zealand population of Māori, Asian, Pacific Islander and multiracial descent growing at a higher rate than those of solely European descent, with such groups projected to make up a larger proportion of the population in the future. [ 10] New Zealand has an estimated resident population of around 4,793,700 (as of June 2017). [ 11] Over one million New Zealanders recorded in the 2013 New Zealand census were born overseas. [ 12]While most New Zealanders are resident in New Zealand, there is also a significant diaspora, estimated at around 750,000. Of these, around 640,800 lived in Australia (a June 2013 estimate ), [1] which was equivalent to 14% of the domestic population of New Zealand. Other communities of New Zealanders abroad are predominantly concentrated in other English-speaking countries, specifically the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada, with smaller numbers located elsewhere. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1730980#0",
"title": "http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-14_u-179_t-525_c-1963/managing-the-missions-and-segregation/nsw/history/aboriginal-colonisation-and-contact/settlement-1788-18\nManaging the missions and segregation",
"text": "Managing the missions and segregation Unit Home Topic Home Chapter Home 3 Pictures 1 Animations 1 Videos Chapter Summary 0 Activities 1 Exams Introduction The first missionaries arrived in the British colony of New South Wales in 1789, but it was not until about 1820 that they started arriving in numbers to protect the Indigenous peoples and convert them to Christianity. Many missionaries were shocked by the bloodshed and the racial violence that was occurring. They wrote about the devastation, robberies, cruelties and murder that was being seen in many parts of Australia and worked towards protecting the Aboriginal people and educating them to become Christians. Missionaries A missionary is a person who works to spread their religious beliefs. In Australia, the missionaries were looking to convert the Indigenous peoples to Christianity. There were Catholic, Anglican and Lutheran missionaries, but all worked to convince the Indigenous peoples to give up their traditional beliefs and start to believe in Jesus and the traditional Christian view of creation. The missionaries fought for the protection of Aboriginal peoples from racial violence, particularly on the frontier. As the 19th century advanced, the missionaries were generally unpopular and were viewed as troublemakers by the rest of the British population. Many settlers believed that missionary activity was useless and a waste of colonial money. Despite this view, missionaries continued to protest against the treatment of the Indigenous peoples by the settlers, and worked to protect them by setting up missions."
},
{
"docid": "D253238#0",
"title": "http://www.treatyofwaitangi.net.nz/WhyaTreaty.html\n.",
"text": "\"WHY A TREATY...recounted by Ross Baker, Historian. Many books written as to why New Zealand needed a treaty are so complicated and in many cases biased that few take the time to read all these and extract the facts. If we are to understand the Treaty, then first we must understand why it was instigated and by whom. For ten years prior to the Treaty, the Missionaries had tried to encourage the Maoris to form their own independent government and state, but the chiefs, as always, could not agree between themselves and in the end it became evident that New Zealand must become a British Colony under British Sovereignty if the Maoris were to survive. ( From 1814, Samuel Marsden, one of the first missionaries in New Zealand, gave the Maoris an introduction to the British Government by inviting them to Australia. Some even remained to obtain an education. The Maoris knew of the British Government in these early times. Some worked on British and foreign ships as crew. Ngapuhi chief Hongi made a trip to England in 1820 to meet the King. On his return to New Zealand he stopped off in Australia and traded all the gifts the King had given him on 300 muskets and then initiated a ten year period of warfare and cannibalism on his fellow countrymen, slaughtering thousands for no apparent reason)."
},
{
"docid": "D1730138#0",
"title": "http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-07-07/stephens-reconciliation-means-recognising-the-frontier-wars/5577436\nReconciliation means recognising the Frontier Wars",
"text": "\"Print Email Facebook Twitter More Comments (301)Opinion Reconciliation means recognising the Frontier Wars The Drum By Alan Stephens Updated 6 Jul 2014, 10:25pm Sun 6 Jul 2014, 10:25pm Photo: A Frontier Wars wing at the Australian War Memorial would change the relationship between black and white Australians, for the better. ( ABC News: Greg Nelson)The Australian War Memorial's refusal to acknowledge the Frontier Wars between Indigenous Australians and white settlers is historically dishonest and is holding back reconciliation, writes Alan Stephens. The Australian War Memorial is one of Australia's most visited and influential national institutions. Seven hours a day, 364 days a year, it is filled with children and adults from all parts of the country. For many, the AWM provides their main exposure to the story of war - indeed, to Australian history. According to the Memorial's website, its mission is \"\"to commemorate the sacrifice of those Australians who have died in war\"\". In order to fulfil that mission, the AWM should both honour and educate. That is, it should illustrate and acknowledge the experiences of the men and women who have served; and it should tell us clearly and honestly why we have gone to war, and what that has meant for our nation. It is within that context that the refusal of the people who control the AWM - politicians, the governing council, and retired generals - to recognise the most important conflict ever fought by Australians is nothing less than a national scandal. That conflict was of course the Frontier Wars, fought from 1788 to the 1920s between Indigenous Australians and an invading coalition of white settlers, militia, police, and colonial soldiers."
},
{
"docid": "D3324395#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Settler_colonialism\nSettler colonialism",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search [ show] This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in German. ( June 2011) Click [show] for important translation instructions. This article may lend undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies. Please help to create a more neutral presentation, with details put in their proper context. Discuss and resolve this issue before removing this message. ( March 2014)Settler colonialism is a form of colonialism which seeks to replace the original population of the colonized territory with a new society of settlers. As with all forms of colonialism, it is based on exogenous domination, typically organized or supported by an imperial authority. [ 1] Settler colonialism is enacted by a variety of means ranging from violent depopulation of the previous inhabitants, to more subtle, legal means such as assimilation or recognition of indigenous identity within a colonial framework. [ 2] [ need quotation to verify] Unlike other forms of colonialism, the imperial power does not always represent the same nationality as the settlers. However, the colonizing authority generally views the settlers as racially superior to the previous inhabitants, which may give settlers' social movements and political demands greater legitimacy than those of colonized peoples in the eyes of the home government."
},
{
"docid": "D1657394#0",
"title": "http://www.tas-aboriginal-elders.org.au/history\nHistory",
"text": "History Cape Barren Island is the second largest Island of the Furneaux group, situated off the North East coast of Tasmania in the Bass Strait. With a total distance of 5 miles wide by 30 miles long, Cape Barren Island has a history of Aboriginal settlement dating back to the mid 1800's. The Tasmanian Aboriginal people of Cape Barren Island and the North East of Tasmania have struggled for over 200 years for survival as their lifestyle was over-taken and dramatically disrupted by the Europeans. Their story begins some 40,000 years ago during the last ice age, when humans first moved down into the wild cool temperate Southern Peninsula of Australia. Humans had arrived in Australia at least 60,000 years ago, but it was only now that people took up occupation on this South-Eastern Peninsula. These people were hunters and gatherers who employed their seasonal patterns of food collecting around the coastline and hinterlands. Clans of people shifted around the peninsula and settled territories, establishing clear borders of clan worlds, which became well recognized by their neighbours. Clan worlds were negotiated and mutual concessions agreed to - such as rights of passage through neighboring lands, or access to seasonal food sources. Inter-clan marriages helped secure these agreements and provide incentives for good will between neighbors. This was the age of stone and bone, long before metals were made or settled farming existed anywhere in the world."
}
] |
620042
|
what did the events of 1968
|
[
{
"docid": "D2915832#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_1968_in_France\nMay 1968 events in France",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from May 1968 in France)navigation search May 1968 events in France Part of Protests of 1968Barricades in Bordeaux in May 1968. Date 2 May–23 June 1968Location France Methods Occupations, wildcat strikes, general strikes Resulted in Snap legislative election Parties to the civil conflict Students Union Nationale des Étudiants de France Unions CGTFOAnarchists French Communist Party Situationist International Federation of the Democratic and Socialist Left Government of France Ministry of the Interior Police nationale Compagnies Républicaines de SécuritéFrench Armed Forces Gaullist Party Lead figures Non-centralized leadership François Mitterrand Pierre Mendès France Charles de Gaulle ( President of France)Georges Pompidou ( Prime Minister of France)The volatile period of civil unrest in France during May 1968 was punctuated by demonstrations and massive general strikes as well as the occupation of universities and factories across France. At the height of its fervor, it brought the entire economy of France to a virtual halt. [ 1] The protests reached such a point that political leaders feared civil war or revolution; the national government itself momentarily ceased to function after President Charles de Gaulle secretly fled France for a few hours. The protests spurred an artistic movement, with songs, imaginative graffiti, posters, and slogans. [ 2] [3]“May 68” had an impact on French society that resounded for decades afterward. It is considered to this day as a cultural, social and moral turning point in the history of the country. As Alain Geismar—one of the leaders of the time—later pointed out, the movement succeeded “as a social revolution, not as a political one”. [ 4]The unrest began with a series of student occupation protests against capitalism, consumerism, American imperialism and traditional institutions, values and order. It then spread to factories with strikes involving 11 million workers, more than 22% of the total population of France at the time, for two continuous weeks. ["
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D2416449#0",
"title": "http://fortune.com/2015/08/14/donald-trump-wharton/\nNo one knows what Donald Trump did at Wharton",
"text": "Trump seems to bring up his time at Wharton at every other press event. But what did he actually accomplish in his two years at the school? Last month, comedy website Funny or Die released a viral video, called “Donald Trump: POW.” The “W” in this case stood for Wharton — the prestigious business school at the University of Pennsylvania. The video mockingly applauds Trump’s ability to remain under the radar during his time in Philadelphia: “Trump was careful not to capture any unwanted attention at school, he evaded the Dean’s List and any kind of honors and any kind of recognition of service,” the video quips. It seems like Trump managed to not only stay unnoticed by the administration but by his classmates as well. The Daily News reports that none of the students that attended Wharton between 1966 and 1968 have any recollection of Trump; he was only a student there for two years, after transferring from Fordham University in New York City. “He was not first in the class. He was not known on campus for any reason at all,” his Wharton classmate Nancy Hano told Daily News. Another classmate, Stanton Koppel, told the publication, “I have no memory of him whatsoever."
},
{
"docid": "D1610267#0",
"title": "http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2679055-will-tiger-woods-ever-win-another-tournament\nWill Tiger Woods Ever Win Another Tournament?",
"text": "\"Christian Petersen/Getty Images The wait is finally over. It has been 15 months and two back surgeries since Tiger Woods ’ last competitive round. But on Thursday afternoon, the 40-year-old 14-time major champion will attempt to reclaim at least some semblance of his former glory at the Hero World Challenge. Woods is scheduled to tee off at noon ET and will be paired with Ryder Cup hero Patrick Reed for comeback number…well, who’s really counting anymore? Most have already come to the realization that Woods’ game will never again reach a level even remotely close to the dominant form he displayed from 1999–2008. In the interim we have also concluded that it is unlikely we will ever again see a player dominate the game the way Woods did for much of his career. And while the thought that Woods may never win another event or may be teetering on the brink of retirement is still fairly speculative, it is certainly a scenario to be considered based on the state of Woods’ game and his injury history over the past couple years. The endless comparisons between Woods and players such as Jack Nicklaus through the years were always quite trivial as we were attempting to compare a work in progress to fully completed bodies of work for players from previous generations. There is little doubt that Woods will make every effort to continue rehabilitating both his body and golf game in the coming weeks, months and possibly even years. But what if that is not enough?"
},
{
"docid": "D2396254#0",
"title": "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8so-xyKyJ-A\nWhat A Wonderful World - Louis Armstrong (1968)",
"text": "\"What A Wonderful World - Louis Armstrong (1968)djbuddylovecooljazz Subscribe 27KAdd to Share More96,297 views48411Published on Mar 22, 2011\"\"What A Wonderful World\"\" was a song written by Bob Thiele (as George Douglas) and George David Weiss. It was first recorded by Louis Armstrong and released as a single on January 1, 1968. Armstrong's recording was inducted in the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1999. Intended as an antidote for the increasingly racially and politically charged climate of everyday life in the United States at the time, the song also has a hopeful, optimistic tone with regard to the future, with reference to babies being born into the world and having much to look forward to. The song was initially offered to Tony Bennett, who turned the song down, after which it was offered to Louis Armstrong. The song was not initially a hit in the United States, where it sold fewer than 1,000 copies because the head of ABC Records did not like the song and so did not promote it, but was a major success in the United Kingdom, reaching number one on the U. K. Singles Chart. It was also the biggest-selling single of 1968 in the U. K. where it was among the last singles issued by HMV Records before becoming an exclusive classical music label. The song made Louis Armstrong the oldest male to top the U. K. charts, at sixty-six years and ten months old. The song gradually became something of a standard and reached a new level of popularity. In 1988, Louis Armstrong's 1968 recording was featured in the film \"\"Good Morning, Vietnam\"\" and was re-released as a single, hitting #32 on the U. S. Billboard chart in February 1988."
},
{
"docid": "D575530#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Lai_Massacre\nMy Lai Massacre",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"My Lai\"\" redirects here. For the hamlet, see Sơn Mỹ. For the documentary, see My Lai (film). It has been suggested that Son My be merged into this article. ( Discuss) Proposed since February 2018. Mỹ Lai Massacre Thảm sát Mỹ Lai Photo taken by United States Army photographer Ronald L. Haeberle on 16 March 1968 in the aftermath of the Mỹ Lai massacre showing mostly women and children dead on a road. My Lai Massacre (Vietnam)Location Sơn Mỹ (village), Sơn Tịnh District, South Vietnam Coordinates 15°10′42″N 108°52′10″ECoordinates: 15°10′42″N 108°52′10″EDate 16 March 1968Target My Lai 4 and My Khe 4 hamlets Attack type Massacre Deaths 347 according to the United States Army (not including My Khe killings), others estimate more than 400 killed and injuries are unknown, Vietnamese government lists 504 killed in total from both My Lai and My Khe Perpetrators Charlie Company, 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry Regiment of the 11th Infantry Brigade in the Americal Division. [ hide]v t e Massacres of the Vietnam War Huế Châu Đốc Binh Tai Bình Hòa Phong Nhị and Phong Nhất Hà My Đắk Sơn My Lai Thanh Phong Cai Lậy Tiger Force Operation Speedy Express Winter Soldier Investigation Vietnam War Crimes Working Group The Mỹ Lai Massacre ( / ˌ m iː ˈ l aɪ /; Vietnamese: Thảm sát Mỹ Lai, [tʰâːm ʂǎːt mǐˀ lāːj] ( listen)) was the Vietnam War mass murder of unarmed Vietnamese civilians by U. S. troops in South Vietnam on 16 March 1968. Between 347 and 504 unarmed people were massacred by the U. S. Army soldiers from Company C, 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry Regiment, 11th Brigade, 23rd (Americal) Infantry Division. Victims included men, women, children, and infants."
},
{
"docid": "D1458768#0",
"title": "https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/01/opinion/vietnam-war-tet-offensive-start.html\nThe Tet Offensive Was Just the Beginning",
"text": "Opinion The Tet Offensive Was Just the Beginning Edwin Moise VIETNAM '67 FEB. 1, 2018Wounded Marines riding on a converted tank used as make-shift ambulance during the battle to recapture Hue during the Tet Offensive in early 1968. John Olson/The LIFE Images Collection, via Getty The Tet offensive, a wave of Communist attacks throughout South Vietnam, began on Jan. 30 and 31, 1968. It achieved partial surprise. American commanders had known something was coming, but they had not expected such a widespread pattern of attacks. Partly this was because they had been underestimating both the size of the Communist forces and their ability to sustain heavy combat. On Feb. 1, Gen. William Westmoreland said that the enemy forces were “about to run out of steam.” He later claimed they had indeed quickly run out of steam, saying that “almost everywhere except on the outskirts of Saigon and in Hue the fighting was over in two or three days. ”Many have accepted this view of events — that Tet was an intense but relatively brief campaign. But it did not match the experience of the troops Westmoreland was commanding."
},
{
"docid": "D1308348#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention\n1968 Democratic National Convention",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search1968 Democratic National Convention1968 presidential election Nominees Humphrey and Muskie Convention Date (s) August 26–29, 1968City Chicago, Illinois Venue International Amphitheatre Candidates Presidential nominee Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota Vice Presidential nominee Edmund Muskie of Maine Other candidates Eugene Mc Carthy George Mc Govern Pigasus‹ 1964 · 1972 ›The 1968 National Convention of the U. S. Democratic Party was held August 26–29 at the International Amphitheatre in Chicago, Illinois. As President Lyndon B. Johnson had announced he would not seek reelection, the purpose of the convention was to select a new presidential nominee to run as the Democratic Party's candidate for the office. [ 1] The keynote speaker was Senator Daniel Inouye (D-Hawaii). [ 2]Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey and Senator Edmund S. Muskie of Maine were nominated for President and Vice President, respectively. The convention was held during a year of violence, political turbulence, and civil unrest, particularly riots in more than 100 cities [3] following the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. on April 4. [ 4] The convention also followed the assassination of Democratic presidential hopeful Senator Robert F. Kennedy of New York, on June 5. [ 5] Both Kennedy and Senator Eugene Mc Carthy of Minnesota had been running for the Democratic Nomination at the time. Contents [ hide ]1 Before the convention2 Convention2.1 Nomination2.2 Final ballot2.3 Dan Rather incident3 Richard J. Daley and the convention4 Protests and police response4.1 The Chicago Police riot4.2 The Chicago Seven5 The Mc Govern–Fraser Commission6 See also7 References8 Further reading9 External links Before the convention [ edit]Film of the convention shot inside the convention center by the United States Information Agency In 1968, despite the control of the House of Representatives, the Senate, and the White House, the Democratic Party was divided. Senator Eugene Mc Carthy entered the campaign in November 1967, challenging incumbent President Johnson for the Democratic nomination. Robert F. Kennedy entered the race in March 1968."
},
{
"docid": "D69615#0",
"title": "http://olympics.wikia.com/wiki/Mark_Spitz\nMark Spitz",
"text": "\"Mark Spitz Country [ [ United States ]]Sport [ [ Swimming ]]Olympics attended1968, 1972Olympic medals won Gold Silver Bronze9 1 1Personal information Full name Mark Spitz Nickname Mark the Shark Date of birth10 February 1950Birthplace Modesto, California, USAHeight6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) cm Mark Andrew Spitz (born February 10, 1950) is a retired American swimmer. He won seven gold medals at the 1972 Summer Olympics, an achievement only surpassed by Michael Phelps who won eight golds at the 2008 Olympics. Spitz set new world records in all seven events in which he competed, a record that still stands. Since the year 1900, no other swimmer ever won such a high fraction of all Olympic events at a single Games. Between 1968 and 1972, Spitz won nine Olympic golds plus a silver and a bronze, five Pan American golds, 31 US Amateur Athletic Union titles, and eight US National Collegiate Athletic Association titles. During those years, he set 35 world records, but 2 were in trials and unofficial. [ 1] [2] He was the most successful athlete at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was named World Swimmer of the Year in 1969, 1971, and 1972 by Swimming World magazine. He was the third athlete to win nine Olympic gold medals. Contents [ show]Early life Edit Spitz was born in Modesto, California, the first of three children [3] of Arnold and Lenore (Smith) Spitz."
},
{
"docid": "D153987#0",
"title": "http://biography.yourdictionary.com/articles/martin-luther-king-progress-civil-rights-movement.html\nWhat Did Martin Luther King Do to Progress the Civil Rights Movement?",
"text": "\"Home Biographies What Did Martin Luther King Do to Progress the Civil Rights Movement? What Did Martin Luther King Do to Progress the Civil Rights Movement? Martin Luther King, Jr. did many things to bring greater equality to America and to ensure civil rights for all people regardless of race. The major things that Martin Luther King did were to: Bring publicity to major civil rights activities and efforts Emphasize and encourage the importance of non-violent protest and resistance. Provide leadership to the African-American civil rights movement These two things came to shape the civil rights movement, in large part because of King's contributions and achievements. King's Contributions and Accomplishments Martin Luther King, Jr. was a well-known civil rights leader and activist who had a great deal of influence on American society in the 1950s and 1960s. His strong belief in non-violent protest helped set the tone of the movement. Boycotts, protests, and marches were eventually effective, and much legislation was passed against racial discrimination. Assassinated in 1968, King’s brief life was filled with many great accomplishments, in which he worked to promote the equal treatment of all races; his non-violent approach to protesting, his legions of followers, and his true belief in the ability of mankind to live in peace went a long way toward advancement of civil rights during that tumultuous time in history. King’s accomplishments are numerous."
},
{
"docid": "D2850076#0",
"title": "http://www.isreview.org/issues/57/feat-TET.shtml\n.",
"text": "Back to home page ISR Issue 57, January–February 20081968: The year that shook the world THIS IS the first in a series of articles about the remarkable year 1968, a year of conflict, class struggle, and revolutionary upheaval around the world. It was a year marked by the massive escalation of the student Vietnam antiwar movement around the world, the rebirth of mass working-class struggle, as well as of a new revolutionary Left. It was the year of the Tet Offensive in Vietnam; the May 1968 general strike in France; the famous Black power salute at the 1968 Olympics; the student struggle in Mexico City and the terrible massacre in Tlatelolco Plaza; the Prague Spring and the Russian invasion of Czechoslovakia; the police riot at the 1968 Democratic Party convention; the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. and the ghetto rebellions; the birth of the Dodge Revolutionary Union Movement in Detroit; and many other key historical events. Tet: Turning point in the Vietnam War By JOE ALLENIN THE early morning hours of January 30, 1968, the first day of Tet, the Vietnamese celebration of the lunar New Year, soldiers of the South Vietnamese National Liberation Front (NLF) breached the wall surrounding the American embassy in Saigon. They then raced across the compound where they tried but failed to enter the main building. The NLF soldiers (derisively known as the “Viet Cong” to the Americans and their Saigon allies) sprayed the embassy with rockets and fought a six-hour battle with American military police. All nineteen NLF soldiers were killed or badly wounded along with five Americans and one South Vietnamese employee of the embassy. One reporter at the scene of the battle described it as “a butcher shop in Eden.” This attack on the very citadel of American power in South Vietnam was brazen in and of itself, but it soon became clear that this was the opening battle of a nationwide military offensive by the NLF and the North Vietnamese that shook the foundations of the American military and political establishment. The supporters of the American war in Vietnam never recovered from the humiliation from what has gone down in the history books as the Tet Offensive."
},
{
"docid": "D1556255#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_tennis\nHistory of tennis",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Players on a roofless centre court in 2007The game that most people call 'tennis' is the direct descendant of what is now known as real tennis or royal tennis (which continues to be played today as a separate sport with more complex rules). Most rules of the game commonly known as tennis derive from it. It is reasonable to see both sports as variations of the same game. The idea that tennis originated in the monastic cloisters in northern France in the 12th century has been largely discredited, but it is correct that in the first few centuries in which it was played, the ball was then struck with the palm of the hand; hence, the name jeu de paume (\"\"game of the palm\"\"). [ 1] It was not until the 16th century that rackets came into use, and the game began to be called \"\"tennis.\"\" It was popular in England and France, and Henry VIII of England was a big fan of the game, now referred to as real tennis. [ 2]Many original tennis courts remain, including courts at Oxford, Cambridge, Falkland Palace in Fife where Mary Queen of Scots regularly played, and Hampton Court Palace. Many of the French courts were decommissioned with the terror that accompanied the French Revolution. The Tennis Court Oath (Serment du Jeu de Paume) was a pivotal event during the first days of the French Revolution. The Oath was a pledge signed by 576 of the 577 members from the Third Estate who were locked out of a meeting of the Estates-General on 20 June 1789."
},
{
"docid": "D3553806#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_Democratic_Convention\n1968 Democratic National Convention",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from 1968 Democratic Convention)navigation search1968 Democratic National Convention1968 presidential election Nominees Humphrey and Muskie Convention Date (s) August 26–29, 1968City Chicago, Illinois Venue International Amphitheatre Candidates Presidential nominee Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota Vice Presidential nominee Edmund Muskie of Maine Other candidates Eugene Mc Carthy George Mc Govern Pigasus‹ 1964 · 1972 ›The 1968 National Convention of the U. S. Democratic Party was held August 26–29 at the International Amphitheatre in Chicago, Illinois. As President Lyndon B. Johnson had announced he would not seek reelection, the purpose of the convention was to select a new presidential nominee to run as the Democratic Party's candidate for the office. [ 1] The keynote speaker was Senator Daniel Inouye (D-Hawaii). [ 2]Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey and Senator Edmund S. Muskie of Maine were nominated for President and Vice President, respectively. The convention was held during a year of violence, political turbulence, and civil unrest, particularly riots in more than 100 cities [3] following the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. on April 4. [ 4] The convention also followed the assassination of Democratic presidential hopeful Senator Robert F. Kennedy of New York, on June 5. [ 5] Both Kennedy and Senator Eugene Mc Carthy of Minnesota had been running for the Democratic Nomination at the time. Contents [ hide ]1 Before the convention2 Convention2.1 Nomination2.2 Final ballot2.3 Dan Rather incident3 Richard J. Daley and the convention4 Protests and police response4.1 The Chicago Police riot4.2 The Chicago Seven5 The Mc Govern–Fraser Commission6 See also7 References8 Further reading9 External links Before the convention [ edit]Film of the convention shot inside the convention center by the United States Information Agency In 1968, despite the control of the House of Representatives, the Senate, and the White House, the Democratic Party was divided. Senator Eugene Mc Carthy entered the campaign in November 1967, challenging incumbent President Johnson for the Democratic nomination. Robert F. Kennedy entered the race in March 1968."
},
{
"docid": "D2677698#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_Olympics\nGreat Britain at the Olympics",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Great Britain at the Olympics Flag of the United Kingdom IOC code GBRNOC British Olympic Association Medals Gold Silver Bronze Total274 299 307 880Summer appearances1896 1900 1904 1908 1912 1920 1924 19281932 1936 1948 1952 1956 1960 19641968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 19962000 2004 2008 2012 2016Winter appearances1924 1928 1932 1936 1948 1952 1956 19601964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 19881992 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018Other related appearances1906 Intercalated Games Ireland (1924–present)Great Britain or Team GB is the team that sends athletes from the United Kingdom (UK), all but three of its overseas territories, and the three Crown dependencies, to the Olympic Games. It has sent athletes to every Games since the start of the Olympics' modern era in 1896, including the 1980 Summer Olympics and 1984 Summer Olympics, which were boycotted by a number of other nations on each occasion. From 1896 to 2016 inclusive, Great Britain has won 847 medals at the Summer Olympic Games, and another 26 at the Winter Olympic Games. It is the only national team to have won at least one Gold Medal at every Summer Games, and lies third globally in the winning of both Gold Medals and total medals, surpassed only by the United States and the former Soviet Union. It is organised by the British Olympic Association (BOA) as the National Olympic Committee for the UK. While the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and BOA both refer to the team as 'Great Britain' and the team uses the brand name Team GB, the BOA explains that it is a contraction of the full title, the Great Britain and Northern Ireland Olympic Team. [ 1] Great Britain was one of 14 teams to compete in the first Games, the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens, and is one of only three nations ( France and Switzerland being the others) to have competed at every Summer and Winter Olympic Games. The most successful British Olympians by gold medals won are Sir Chris Hoy and Jason Kenny, who have won six gold (and one silver) medals each in track cycling; two British Olympians come next with five gold medals – fellow cyclist Sir Bradley Wiggins, and Sir Steve Redgrave, who won five gold medals in five consecutive Games in rowing, a record for an endurance event. Sailor Sir Ben Ainslie jointly holds the Great Britain record for most individual Olympic gold medals with Chris Hoy and Sir Mo Farah with four, and the most gold medals in a single event with three gold medals (in the Men's Finn class sailing event 2004–2012) - again shared with Jason Kenny (men's team sprint 2008–2016) and Steve Redgrave (men's coxless pair 1988– 1996). Sir Chris Hoy holds the record for gold medals in different events, having reached the top step in four different disciplines – men's kilo, men's team sprint, men's match sprint and men's kierin."
},
{
"docid": "D49099#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movements_for_civil_rights\nCivil rights movements",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Movements for civil rights)navigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( June 2010) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Martin Luther King and other Civil Rights Movement leaders in front of the statue of Abraham Lincoln during the March on Washington, August 28, 1963Civil rights movements are a worldwide series of political movements for equality before the law, that peaked in the 1960s. [ citation needed] In many situations they have been characterized by nonviolent protests, or have taken the form of campaigns of civil resistance aimed at achieving change through nonviolent forms of resistance. In some situations, they have been accompanied, or followed, by civil unrest and armed rebellion. The process has been long and tenuous in many countries, and many of these movements did not, or have yet to, fully achieve their goals, although the efforts of these movements have led to improvements in the legal rights of some previously oppressed groups of people, in some places. The main aim of the successful civil rights movement and other social movements for civil rights included ensuring that the rights of all people were and are equally protected by the law. These include but are not limited to the rights of minorities, women's rights, and LGBT rights. Contents [ hide ]1 Movement for civil rights in Northern Ireland2 Canada's Quiet Revolution3 Movements for civil rights in the United States3.1 Ethnicity equity issues3.1.1 Integrationism3.1.2 Black Power movement3.1.3 Chicano Movement3.1.4 American Indian Movement3.2 Gender equity issues4 LGBT rights and gay liberation5 Soviet Union6 Prague Spring7 1967 Australian referendum8 See also9 Notes10 Further reading11 External links Movement for civil rights in Northern Ireland See also: Northern Ireland civil rights movement Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom which has witnessed violence over many decades, known as the Troubles, arising from tensions between the British ( Unionist, Protestant) majority and the Irish ( Nationalist, Catholic) minority following the Partition of Ireland in 1920."
},
{
"docid": "D2529650#0",
"title": "http://www.apfn.org/apfn/abbie.htm\n.",
"text": "\"The Story of Abbie Hoffman: \"\"Steal This Movie!\"\" Robert Greenwald 1 hr 47 min 45 sec - Aug 10, 2006Then: Steal This Movie! \"\" Hell No We Won't Go!\"\" Abbie Hoffman AUDIO:http://www.apfn.net/pogo/L001I060627-abbie-hoffman. MP3Now:7/8/06 - Anti-War Group.... A discussion Viet Vetrans Against the War... AUDIO: http://www.apfn.net/pogo/A001I060708CC. MP37/8/06 - \"\"Living Out Loud\"\" Host: Annie Lord 1480 AM Phx. It's One thing to Die for your country, but it's another thing to Kill for your country!Todays Abbi Hoffman.... (The Story) (While worth your time)INTERVIEW: Col. Ann Wright (Ret.) on hunger strike in Wash. D. C.\"\"Why are we in Iraq\"\" ?? Here's Col."
},
{
"docid": "D1160286#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr.\nAssassination of Martin Luther King Jr.",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. King in 1964Location Lorraine Motel Memphis, Tennessee Coordinates 35°08′04″N 90°03′27″WCoordinates: 35°08′04″N 90°03′27″WDate April 4, 1968; 50 years ago 6:01 p.m. ( CST ( UTC–6 ))Target Martin Luther King Jr. Attack type Sniper assassination Weapons Remington 760 Gamemaster.30-06Victim Martin Luther King Jr. Perpetrator James Earl Ray This article is part of a series about Martin Luther King Jr. Biography Sermons and speeches Campaigns Montgomery bus boycott Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom Youth March for Integrated Schools Albany Movement Birmingham campaign Walk to Freedom March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom St. Augustine movement Selma to Montgomery marches Chicago Open Housing Movement March Against Fear Memphis sanitation strike Poor People's Campaign Death and memorial Assassination American federal holiday National memorial National Historical Parkv t e Martin Luther King Jr., an American clergyman and civil rights leader, was shot at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968. He was rushed to St. Joseph's Hospital, and was pronounced dead at 7:05 p.m. CST. He was a prominent leader of the Civil Rights Movement and a Nobel Peace Prize laureate who was known for his use of nonviolence and civil disobedience. James Earl Ray, a fugitive from the Missouri State Penitentiary, was arrested on June 8, 1968, in London at Heathrow Airport, extradited to the United States, and charged with the crime. On March 10, 1969, he pleaded guilty and was sentenced to 99 years in the Tennessee State Penitentiary. [ 1] He later made many attempts to withdraw his guilty plea and be tried by a jury, but was unsuccessful; he died in prison on April 23, 1998, at the age of 70. [ 2]Contents1 Background1.1 King on death1.2 Memphis2 Assassination3 Responses3.1 Coretta Scott King3.2 Within the movement3.3 Robert F. Kennedy speech3.4 President Lyndon B. Johnson3.5 Riots3.6 Reactions4 FBI investigation5 Funeral6 Perpetrator6.1 Capture and guilty plea6.2 Escape6.3 Death7 Conspiracy theories7.1 Loyd Jowers7.1.1 Coretta Scott King v. Loyd Jowers7.1.2 Counter evidence7.2 Other theories8 See also9 References9.1 Notes9.2 Citations9.3 Sources10 External links Background [ edit]King on death [ edit]King received frequent death threats due to his prominence in the Civil Rights Movement. He had confronted the risk of death and made that recognition part of his philosophy. He taught murder could not stop the struggle for equal rights. After the assassination of President Kennedy in 1963, King told his wife Coretta, \"\"This is what is going to happen to me also."
},
{
"docid": "D2482079#0",
"title": "http://vietnamwar.wikia.com/wiki/My_Lai_Massacre\nMy Lai Massacre",
"text": "\"This Script error is about the massacre. For the hamlet, see My Lai, Vietnam. Coordinates: 15°10′42″N 108°52′10″E / 15.17833°N 108.86944°EMỹ Lai Massacre Location Sơn Mỹ village, Sơn Tịnh district of South Vietnam Date March 16, 1968Target Mỹ Lai 4 and Mỹ Khe 4 hamlets Attack type Massacre Deaths 347 according to the U. S Army (not including Mỹ Khe killings), others estimate more than 400 killed and injuries are unknown, Vietnamese government lists 504 killed in total from both Mỹ Lai and Mỹ Khe Perpetrators Task force from the United States Army Americal Division 2LT. William Calley (convicted and then released by President Nixon to serve house arrest for three years)Script error The My Lai Massacre was the Vietnam War mass murder of between 347 and 504 unarmed civilians in South Vietnam on March 16, 1968, by United States Army soldiers of \"\"Charlie\"\" Company of 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry Regiment, 11th Brigade of the Americal Division. Most of the victims were women, children, infants, and elderly people. Some of the bodies were later found to be mutilated [1] and many women allegedly raped prior to the killings. [ 2] While 26 US soldiers were initially charged with criminal offenses for their actions at Mỹ Lai, only Second Lieutenant William Calley, a platoon leader in Charlie Company, was convicted. Found guilty of killing 22 villagers, he was originally given a life sentence, but only served three and a half years under house arrest. The massacre took place in the hamlets of Mỹ Lai and My Khe of Sơn Mỹ village. [ 3] [4] The event is also known as the Sơn Mỹ Massacre ( Vietnamese: thảm sát Sơn Mỹ Script error) or sometimes as the Song Mỹ Massacre. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1972617#0",
"title": "https://www.ticketcity.com/tennis/us-open-tennis-tickets/us-open-tennis-history.html\nUS Open Tennis History",
"text": "\"Tickets 2018 Schedule History Record Holders US Open Champions Rain-Out Protection The US Open began tournament play in 1881, making it one of the oldest championship tennis tournaments in the world. The first tournament – a men's only tournament – was held at the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island in August of 1881. The championship event was known as U. S. National Singles Championship for men, and was attended solely by clubs that were members of the United States National Lawn Tennis Association, making the event a high society occasion. The first U. S. Women's National Singles Championships were held six years after the men's tournament at the Philadelphia Cricket Club. The first mixed doubles championship tournament was held in concordance with the first women's singles and doubles tournament. The first U. S. National Men's Doubles Championship was held a year later, in 1900. In 1968, the US Open tennis tournament we currently recognize was formed from the consolidation of all five predecessor tournaments. However, the 1968 tournament was open to professionals to compete, unlike the predecessor tournaments that did not allow professional tennis players to compete. The new US Open tennis tournament was held at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills, Queens, and was played on a grass court. In 1970, the US Open was the first Grand Slam tennis tournament to implement the tie-break at the end of the match."
},
{
"docid": "D1108944#0",
"title": "http://sportsworld.nbcsports.com/the-top-100-olympic-athletes/\nThe Top 100 Olympic Athletes",
"text": "By Joe Posnanski The Top 100 Olympic Athletes Can you definitively rank over a century's worth of Olympians from a wide array of sports and disciplines? No, but let's try, anyway. Getty Images Let’s say up front: This list is ridiculous. It is utterly absurd to compare Olympic athletes, different sports, different eras, and try to put them in a tidy list numbered from 1-100. We are comparing Fanny Blankers-Koen, a Dutch track athlete known as “The Flying Housewife” because she dared compete after her children were born, to Naim Suleymanoglu, a powerful Turkish weightlifter to Misty May-Treanor, an American beach volleyball star, to Sir Steve Redgrave, a knighted rower who won five gold medals at five Olympics. A list of the 100 greatest Olympians in order? Pointless. Of course. So let’s get started. * * * 100."
},
{
"docid": "D1703960#0",
"title": "http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/m/marwick-sixties.html\n.",
"text": "CHAPTER ONEThe Sixties Cultural Revolution in Britain, France, Italy, and the United States, c.1958-c.1974By ARTHUR MARWICKOxford University Press Read the Review Was There a Cultural Revolution c.1958-c.1974? Nostalgia, Prejudice, and Debate Mention of `the sixties' rouses strong emotions even in those who were already old when the sixties began and those who were not even born when the sixties ended. For some it is a golden age, for others a time when the old secure framework of morality, authority, and discipline disintegrated. In the eyes of the far left, it is the era when revolution was at hand, only to be betrayed by the feebleness of the faithful and the trickery of the enemy; to the radical right, an era of subversion and moral turpitude. What happened between the late fifties and the early seventies has been subject to political polemic, nostalgic mythologizing, and downright misrepresentations. If asked to explain the fuss, both survivors of the decade and observers of the repeated attempts subsequently to conjure it up again could probably manage to put together a list of its most striking features, which might look something like this: black civil rights; youth culture and trend-setting by young people; idealism, protest, and rebellion; the triumph of popular music based on Afro-American models and the emergence of this music as a universal language, with the Beatles as the heroes of the age; the search for inspiration in the religions of the Orient; massive changes in personal relationships and sexual behaviour; a general audacity and frankness in books and in the media, and in ordinary behaviour; relaxation in censorship; the new feminism; gay liberation; the emergence of `the underground' and `the counter-culture'; optimism and genuine faith in the dawning of a better world. They might, in addition, be able to contrast this with a list of key features of the fifties, including: rigid social hierarchy; subordination of women to men and children to parents; repressed attitudes to sex; racism; unquestioning respect for authority in the family, education, government, the law, and religion, and for the nation-state, the national flag, the national anthem; Cold War hysteria; a strict formalism in language, etiquette, and dress codes; a dull and cliche-ridden popular culture, most obviously in popular music, with its boring big bands and banal ballads. A conservative, of course, would see the fifties as a last age of morality, patriotism, law and order, respect for the family, tuneful music, and a popular culture which was pleasing, not shocking. A conservative would point out that the gross abuse of drugs began in the sixties (fashions in hard drugs have changed, but it was in the sixties that society's defences were decisively breached), aided by self-serving claptrap about the mind-expanding and enlightening qualities of psychedelic experiences; that hippie communes were often as notable for violent squabbles and lamentable hygiene as for peace and spirituality, reminding us also that after the long student occupation of the Sorbonne, that august centre of learning was found to be in a disgusting condition; that dubious theories about language and knowledge as instruments of bourgeois and patriarchal oppression were propagated, leading to the paralysing miasma of political correctness which has affected the academic world ever since. Conservatives would also argue that because of the propagation of `progressive' ideas, crime statistics swung upwards while educational standards dived downwards."
},
{
"docid": "D2459157#0",
"title": "https://www.beatlesbible.com/songs/dont-pass-me-by/\nDonât Pass Me By",
"text": "\"Home The Beatles’ songs Don’t Pass Me By Don’t Pass Me By Written by: Starkey Recorded: 5, 6 June, 12, 22 July 1968 Producer: George Martin Engineers: Geoff Emerick, Ken Scott Released: 22 November 1968 (UK), 25 November 1968 (US)Ringo Starr: vocals, drums, piano, sleigh bell Paul Mc Cartney: piano, bass Jack Fallon: violin Available on: The Beatles (White Album)Anthology 3Ringo Starr's first recorded composition was written several years before its 1968 release on the White Album. Don't Pass Me By was mentioned by the group on 14 July 1964, during an introduction to And I Love Her for the first edition of the BBC radio music series Top Gear. Starr was asked if he had plans to write songs, and replied that he had written one. Mc Cartney then interjected by singing \"\"Don't pass me by, don't make me cry, don't make me blue\"\". In June 1964, during a radio interview in New Zealand, Starr playfully urged the rest of the group to \"\"sing the song I've written, just for a plug\"\". Other press reports from as early as 1963 mention the song. I wrote Don't Pass Me By when I was sitting round at home. I only play three chords on the guitar and three on the piano. I was fiddling with the piano - I just bang away - and then if a melody comes and some words, I just have to keep going. That's how it happened: I was just sitting at home alone and Don't Pass Me By arrived."
}
] |
620050
|
what did the federal highway act do
|
[
{
"docid": "D146352#0",
"title": "http://www.history.com/topics/interstate-highway-system\nâThe Last Call of the Wildâ",
"text": "“The Last Call of the Wild”Today, there are more than 250 million cars and trucks in the United States, or almost one per person. At the end of the 19th century, by contrast, there was just one motorized vehicle on the road for every 18,000 Americans. At the same time, most of those roads were made not of asphalt or concrete but of packed dirt (on good days) or mud. Under these circumstances, driving a motorcar was not simply a way to get from one place to another: It was an adventure. Outside cities and towns, there were almost no gas stations or even street signs, and rest stops were unheard-of. “ Automobiling,” said the Brooklyn Eagle newspaper in 1910, was “the last call of the wild. ”Did You Know? At 3,020 miles, I-90 is the longest interstate highway. It connects Seattle, Washington, with Boston, Massachusetts. A Nation of Drivers This was about to change."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1993481#0",
"title": "http://www.youthrights.org/research/library/legislative-analysis-of-the-national-minimum-drinking-age-act/\nThe National Minimum Drinking Age Act and MADD",
"text": "President Ronald Reagan signs the National Minimum Drinking Age Act into law. While the 21-year-old drinking age seems embedded in American society, it is a relatively recent innovation. Since it was signed into law on July 17, 1984, the National Minimum Drinking Age Act has significantly impacted the day-to-day lives of America’s youth. Most people do not know that the drinking age was only made a national law in 1984, and only after a determined battle by special interest groups. The Drinking Age Before 1984The history of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act started before Prohibition. The temperance movement used selective prohibition (drinking ages) as a stepping stone approach to their goal of outlawing all alcohol. Finally, they did achieve the goal of total Prohibition of alcohol, and in 1919 the 18th Amendment to the constitution was ratified. Although due to the seeming ineffectiveness of Prohibition and the change in public opinion, the 18th Amendment was repealed in 1933 by the 21st Amendment. What followed was a compromise with the lingering temperance movement and the modern drinking age. “ The political failure of general Prohibition meant that American adults would increasingly focus justifications for alcohol policy less on the perils of drunkenness and more on the tenuous concept that adults can drink properly but youths cannot or should not.”"
},
{
"docid": "D270558#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorway\nControlled-access highway",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Motorway)navigation search\"\"Motorway\"\" redirects here. For the 2012 Chinese film, see Motorway (film). \"\" Freeway\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Freeway (disambiguation). The interchange between US-131, M-6 and 68th Street in Wyoming, Michigan, shows many of the features of controlled-access highways—opposing traffic on separate carriageways, no at-grade intersections and no direct access to properties. A controlled-access highway is a type of highway which has been designed for high-speed vehicular traffic, with all traffic flow and ingress/egress regulated. Common English terms are freeway (in Australia, South Africa and parts of the United States and Canada), motorway (in the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand and parts of Australia), expressway (in some parts of Canada, parts of the United States, and many Asian countries), and autoroute (in Québec, Canada). Other similar terms include Interstate and parkway. Some of these may be limited-access highways, although this term can also refer to a class of highway with somewhat less isolation from other traffic. In countries following the Vienna convention, the motorway qualification implies they are forbidden for walking or parking, and reserved for the use of motorised vehicles only."
},
{
"docid": "D250518#0",
"title": "http://www.americanautomove.com/the-us-interstate-highway-system-and-president-dwight-eisenhower/\nThe US Interstate Highway System and President Dwight Eisenhower",
"text": "The US Interstate Highway System and President Dwight Eisenhower Tweet The US Interstate Highway System and President Dwight Eisenhower President Dwight Eisenhower was the thirty-fourth President of the United States. On October 14, 1890, Eisenhower was born in Denison, Texas as the third son of David Jacob Eisenhower and Ida Elizabeth Eisenhower. He grew up in Abilene, Kansas where he attended Abilene High School. Although he graduated from high school in 1909 he did not receive an appointment to West Point Academy until 1911, which he graduated from in 1915. Following his graduation he met and married Mamie Geneva Doud while stationed in Texas. Despite not being sent overseas during World War I, Eisenhower continued to rise in rank, and was promoted to Major in 1920. He attended graduate school at the Command and General Staff School at Ft. Leavenworth, graduating in 1926. He served under General Douglas Mac Arthur from 1935 to 1939. During World War II, he was promoted to commander-in-chief of the Allied Forces, and headed the invasion of North Africa known as Operation Torch in 1942."
},
{
"docid": "D1856585#0",
"title": "http://inthesetimes.com/article/15433/decades_of_discrimination_and_corporate_chaos\nA Half Century After Detroit Uprising, City Still Stranded by Capitalism and Federal Government",
"text": "\"Detroit's downtown is shown on July 19, 2013, just one day after the city's emergency manager Kevin Orr filed for the largest municipal bankruptcy in U. S. history. ( Bill Pugliano / Getty Images)Web Only / Features » August 8, 2013A Half Century After Detroit Uprising, City Still Stranded by Capitalism and Federal Government How federal policy and Big Auto drove black blight and white flight. BY Marilyn Katz Share Tweet Reddit Stumble Upon Email Print Detroit's first black mayor, Coleman Young, and those that followed may not have known it, but Detroit was already on life support and they were the hospice team. It has been half a century since 1967, a year alternately termed 'the summer of love' and 'the summer of rage,' depending on which part of the country you looked at. While thousands of white youth flocked to hear music and smoke dope in San Francisco, thousands more young African-Americans and Latinos flocked to the streets during uprisings in Detroit, Newark and 157 more cities. Much will be written about how these “riots” caused the decline of urban America, but that would be both a rewriting of history and a mistake. The reality is more complex and instructive. Detroit, perhaps more than any other city, tells the largely unexamined story of how corporate greed, enabled by and combined with federal government road and housing policies, created the template for the weakening of unions, emergence of oligarchy and development of gross inequality. It would be comforting to the rest of us if, as oft reported, Detroit’s current woes were due to simple causes—incompetent mayors, corrupt politicians or even unruly residents (like those who rioted in 1967). We’d think, “We’re not like them so it can’t happen to us."
},
{
"docid": "D723931#0",
"title": "http://dnr.alaska.gov/mlw/nav/nav_policy.htm\nState Policy on Navigability",
"text": "\"Table of Contents: I. Identifying and Protecting State Title to the Beds of Navigability Riparian Rights and Statute of Limitations Navigability Criteria Navigability Criteria Disputes Identification of Navigable Waters Navigable Waters within Pre-Statehood Federal Withdrawals Navigable Waters within ANILCA Conservation System Units II. Legal and Policy Guidelines Governing Management of Submerged Lands and Public Waters Public Trust Doctrine Public Waters Boundaries of Navigable Waters Conclusion Policies and Procedures on Ownership and Management of Navigable and Public Waters June 18,1996 State ownership of the beds of navigable waters is an inherent attribute of state sovereignty protected by the United States Constitution. Utah v. United States, 482 U. S. 193 (1987). Under the doctrine, all states enter the Union on an equal footing with respect to sovereign rights and powers, title to the beds of navigable waters in Alaska vested in the newly formed State of Alaska in 1959. In addition, under the Alaska Constitution and the public trust doctrine, all waters in the state are held and managed by the state in trust for the use of the people, regardless of navigability and The purpose of this paper is to describe the State of Alaska's policies and procedures for identifying and protecting the state's title to the beds of navigable waters. In addition, this paper outlines the legal and policy considerations which guide the ownership and management of submerged lands and public waters. I. IDENTIFYING AND PROTECTING STATE TITLE TO THE BEDS OF NAVIGABLE WATERSIdentification and management of the beds of navigable waters is an important policy of the State of Alaska. In 1980, the state established a comprehensive navigability program to respond to federal land conveyances and land management activities under the Alaska Statehood act, the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA), and the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA). Pursuant to the provisions of those acts, the federal government has issued navigability determinations for thousands of lakes, rivers, and streams throughout the state in an effort to determine whether the state or federal government owns the submerged lands. Navigability determinations are also made prior to many state land disposals to insure that The basic purpose of the state's program is to protect the public rights associated with navigable waters, including, in particular, the state's title to the submerged lands."
},
{
"docid": "D1210848#0",
"title": "https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/interstate/faq.cfm\nInterstate Frequently Asked Questions",
"text": "\"Interstate Frequently Asked Questions Who created the Interstate System? Why is President Dwight D. Eisenhower called the \"\"Father of the Interstate System\"\"? How long is the Interstate System? Who built the Interstate System? Who owns it? What did it cost? Why did the Federal Government pay 90 percent of the cost? Did construction of the Interstate System contribute to the national debt? Why did it cost so much more than expected? What was the first Interstate?"
},
{
"docid": "D3216934#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/16700084/con-law-cases-ch-4-6-flash-cards/\nCon Law cases Ch 4-6",
"text": "\"51 terms akennerjr Con Law cases Ch 4-6Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Mc Culloch vs Maryland Supreme Court ruling: states had no right to interfere with federal institutions within their borders; 1819. Established the principles that the Constitution grants Congress implied powers for implementing the Constitution's expressed powers, and that state action may not impede valid constitutional exercises of power by the federal government. Established the \"\"necessary-and-proper clause\"\". Powell vs Mc Cormack house chooses it own speakers and officers, but cant deny anyone if they meet the qualifications and are lawfully elected U. S. Term Limits, Inc. vs Thornton States lack the power to add to the exclusive qualifications of age, citizenship, and residency found in the Constitution. Due to the fact the this power is not within the original powers of the states and even if it was the Qualification Clause makes it so that other requirements cannot be added. Cook v. Gralike Court held that on election ballots states may not identify congressional candidates who do not support term limits. Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority The court held that the federal minimum wage and overtime provisions of the fair labor standards act applies to employees of state or municipality owned mass transit system and is a valid exercise of the federal commerce power that does not violate the 10th Amendment. Note: Garcia overruled National League of Cities v. Usery that said the FLSA does not apply to state owned businesses. Gibbons v. Odgen (1824) The issue in this case was whether or not the state of New York could grant a monopoly to Robert Fulton's steamboat company to operate an exclusive service between New York and New Jersey. Aaron Odgen had secured his license from Fulton's company, while Thomas Gibbons had secured a competing license from the U. S. government."
},
{
"docid": "D2133877#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholame_Lateral\nCalifornia State Route 46",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Cholame Lateral)navigation search\"\"CA 46\"\" redirects here. For the congressional district, see California's 46th congressional district. State Route 46SR 46 highlighted in red Route information Defined by Streets and Highways Code § 346Maintained by Caltrans Length 110.696 mi [1] (178.148 km) SR 46 is broken into pieces, and the length does not reflect the US 101 overlap that would be required to make the route continuous. History State highway in 1916; numbered in 1964Major junctions West end SR 1 near Cambria US 101 in Paso Robles I-5 in Lost Hills SR 43 in Wasco East end SR 99 at Famoso Location Counties San Luis Obispo, Kern Highway system State highways in California Interstate U. S. State Pre-1964History Unconstructed Deleted Freeway Scenic← SR 45 SR 47 →State Route 46 ( SR 46) is an east–west state highway in the U. S. state of California. It is a major crossing of the Coast Ranges, connecting SR 1 on the Central Coast near Cambria and US 101 in Paso Robles with SR 99 at Famoso in the San Joaquin Valley. The road that is now SR 46 was built and improved during the 1920s and was fully paved by 1930. The majority of SR 46 was originally designated as U. S. Route 466; however, after the latter was entirely removed from the U. S. Highway system, the eastern portion of the route became SR 46. Contents [ hide ]1 Route description2 History3 Major intersections4 See also5 References6 External links Route description [ edit]State Route 46 begins at SR 1 southeast of Cambria, about one mile (1.6 km) from the Pacific Ocean. It heads east as the Eric Seastrand Highway across the Santa Lucia Range on a relatively straight roadway built in the 1970s, bypassing the steep, curvy Santa Rosa Creek Road. After passing near several wineries, this first segment ends at US 101 north of Templeton, where SR 46 turns north, overlapping the US 101 freeway through the valley formed by the Salinas River to central Paso Robles."
},
{
"docid": "D2145541#0",
"title": "https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/test-1/deck/6933647\nPopular Study Materials from Government 2301",
"text": "\"MC: National government assumed the greatest power during...the Great Depression MC: The general term paid by one level of government to another is....grant-in-aid MC: According to John Marshall's decision, in Mc Culloch v Maryland, the elastic clause might be interpreted to mean that Congress can take a particular action NOT specified in Constitution if that action is...plainly adapted to achieving a legitimate, Constitutional end MC: What is the major principle decided by Mc Culloch v Maryland?elastic clause (necessary and proper clause)MC: Framers of the Constitution avoided making a specific list of all powers and limitations of state and national governments, because...they believed they could NOT specify every power needed to run the government MC: Construction of the massive interstate highway system...gave national government leverage to regulate behaviors indirectly related to highway travel MC: National government controls its grants to states through detailed rules, regulations, and restrictions, because... MC: In 2010, budget reflects the fact that grants to state and local governments for ________ policy programs continue to be dominant. MC: Money awarded for broad, general purposes is called a _______ grant. MC: What kind of grant-in-aid allows the recipient of the grant the least discretion in how to spend the money? MC: What type of grant would be best if the applicant was attempting to secure funding for highway funds to widen a particular roadway? MC: What type of grant would be best if the applicant was conducting medical research with an unknown outcome? MC: The principle that states retain certain attributes sovereignty (including immunity from law suits) was declared.... MC: The Printz decision, in which the Supreme Court concluded that Congress could NOT require local officials to implement regulation imposed by national government, reinforced the operation of what kind of federalism? MC: The US Supreme Court interpretation of the Commerce clause has historically... MC: If the US Supreme Court had reached the opposite result in Printz v US, the federal government could have lawfully ordered local officials to conduct... MC: The general conclusion of the Supreme Court to US v Lopez was... MC: Without the decision Gibbons v Ogden, the Supreme Court could have... MC: The effect of national emergencies and judicial interpretations on federalism has been to... MC: The legal basis for national government action to regulate state voting laws resides in... MC: President W issues an order to mobilize state national guard units to action in Iraq. This power was NOT written down specifically in the Constitution's language detailing the Commander in Chief's responsibilities. What type of power is he exercising? MC: In the American political context, the structure of cooperative federalism seems most conducive to the policies advocated by... MC: The 10th Amendment gives what levels of government additional and written powers?"
},
{
"docid": "D2955834#0",
"title": "https://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/sites/rita.dot.gov.bts/files/publications/the_changing_face_of_transportation/html/chapter_02.html\nChapter 2: Growth, Deregulation, and Intermodalism",
"text": "\"\"\"Looking into the future, we have to change our attitudes about transportation. This is the biggest challenge of transportation. \"\" Congressman James Oberstar 2025 Visioning Session, San Jose, CA, June 24, 2000\"\"The transportation enterprise must get smarter, marrying new technologies with new innovative financing techniques. \"\" Professor Joseph Giglio, Northeastern University 2025 Visioning Session, New York, May 18, 2000\"\"In the next 25 years, the challenge we will face is inertia or the unwillingness to try to do new things. \"\" Roy Kienitz Executive Director, Surface Transportation Policy Project 2025 Visioning Session, Saint Louis, Missouri, June 13, 2000Over the past quarter century, the American transportation system changed dramatically in size and form as it carried ever-increasing numbers of passengers and volumes of freight, both domestically and internationally. A steady increase in population ( figure 2-1) coupled with strong economic growth ( figure 2-2) is largely responsible for tremendous demand for transportation services today. Other forces also have had a significant impact on the way our transportation system has grown and the shape it has taken. Deregulation of the transportation industry is one such force. Deregulation of the aviation, rail, motor carrier, and maritime shipping industries over the past 25 years opened the door to thousands of new competitors, creating an environment that spawned innovative, efficient, and affordable transportation services, which supported a rapidly globalizing economy. Subsequently, globalization enabled growth of a transportation system that, today, spans every corner of the world."
},
{
"docid": "D1266187#0",
"title": "http://www.modot.org/interstate/MissourisInterstateHistory.htm\n.",
"text": "Missouri's Interstate System: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Missouri Roads Before the Interstate System When the Missouri State Highway Department was created in 1921, the state’s roads were in poor condition. Each county built and maintained its own road system, leading to a jumbled, uncoordinated tangle of highways that made it extremely difficult to drive across the state. The highway department immediately set out to improve this situation by paving as many roads as possible and by constructing highways to link all of Missouri’s county seats. Some of these early roads became part of America’s first cross-country highway system. In 1926, the federal government laid out a grid of highways that ran between the individual states. These roads were designated as United States highways, but no federal funding was included for their construction or improvement. In Missouri, several routes were given new names as part of this program. For example, Missouri State Highway Number 2 was renamed U. S. Route 40, and Missouri State Highway Number 14 became U. S. Route 66. These roads allowed drivers to travel beyond the state’s borders, but they were not modern superhighways. Instead, these early “interstate” roads were usually 18-feet wide with minimal shoulders."
},
{
"docid": "D250519#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System\nInterstate Highway System",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Interstate\"\" redirects here. For the type of highway, see Controlled-access highway. For other uses, see Interstate (disambiguation). Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways Highway shields for Interstate 80, Business Loop Interstate 80, and the Eisenhower Interstate System Interstate Highways in the 48 contiguous states. Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico also have Interstate Highways. ( See version with numbers. ) System information Length 47,856 mi [a] (77,017 km)Formed June 29, 1956 [1]Highway names Interstates Interstate X (I-X)System links Interstate Highway System Main Auxiliary Suffixed Business Future This article is part of a series about Dwight D. Eisenhower Early Life Military Career World War IISupreme Allied Commander in Europe D-Day Operation Overlord Surrender of Germany VE-Day Crusade in Europe President of the United States Presidency First Term Draft movement1952 Campaign Election1st Inauguration Korean War Atoms for Peace Cold War New Look Domino theory Interstate Highway System Second Term1956 campaign Election2nd Inauguration Eisenhower Doctrine Sputnik crisis Missile gap NDEA NASA DARPACivil Rights Act of 1957 Little Rock Nine U-2 incident Farewell Address Post-Presidency Legacy Presidential library and museum Tributes and memorialsv t e The Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly known as the Interstate Highway System, is a network of controlled-access highways that forms part of the National Highway System in the United States. The system is named for President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who championed its formation. Construction was authorized by the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956, and the original portion was completed 35 years later, although some urban routes were cancelled and never built. The network has since been extended and, as of 2013, it had a total length of 47,856 miles (77,017 km). ["
},
{
"docid": "D2819108#0",
"title": "http://revenue.louisiana.gov/FAQ/QuestionsAndAnswers/3\nFrequently Asked Questions",
"text": "\"Frequently Asked Questions Motor Fuel Taxes How can I get a copy of my tax return? Taxpayers may request copies of any tax return or other previously filed document by completing a Tax Information Disclosure Authorization, Form R-7004. Instructions for the form can be found here. As of July 17, 2015, the research fee for copies of tax returns authorized by R. S. 47:1507 are as follows:$15.00 for a copy of any tax return or other document for each year or tax period requested, regardless of whether the requested return or document is located.$25.00 for each certified copy of any return or other document for each year or tax period requested, regardless of whether the requested return or document is located. All research fees for copies must be paid when you submit the Tax Information Disclosure Authorization, Form R-7004. Payments can be by check or money order made payable to the Louisiana Department of Revenue. Cash cannot be accepted. Credit card payments can be submitted in Louisiana File Online. Who is required to be licensed? A supplier who may also act as a terminal operator, permissive supplier, distributor, importer, exporter, blender, motor fuel transporter, or aviation fuel dealer without securing a separate license but who is subject to all other conditions, requirements, and liabilities imposed on those license holders."
},
{
"docid": "D562610#0",
"title": "https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freewaymgmt/faq.htm\nFrequently Asked HOV Questions",
"text": "\"Freeway Management Program > Managed Lanes and HOV Facilities > HOV Facilities Frequently Asked HOV Questions We get many questions regarding HOV systems. Answers to these frequently asked questions (FAQs) are provided below. Click on a question to go directly to the answer. As concerns and interests evolve, these questions may be changed and updated. What is an HOV lane? How do they work? I drive alone to work. Why should I support HOV lanes when I can't use them? Where would I find out about ridesharing opportunities in my area? Are there other types of HOV facilities, besides carpool lanes?"
},
{
"docid": "D1727838#0",
"title": "http://www.historynet.com/dwight-d-eisenhower\nDwight D. Eisenhower",
"text": "Dwight D. Eisenhower Facts, information and articles about Dwight D. Eisenhower, WWII General and 34th U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower Facts Born10/14/1890Died3/28/1969Spouse Mamie Geneva Doud Years Of Military Service1915-1953 1961-1969Rank General of the Army Wars World War IIAccomplishments Army Distinguished Service Medal (5), navy Distinguished Service Medal, Legion of Merit, Order of the Southern Cross, Order of the Bath, Order of Merit, Legion of Honor. Dwight D. Eisenhower Articles Explore articles from the History Net archives about Dwight D. Eisenhower» See all Dwight D. Eisenhower Articles Dwight D. Eisenhower, official photo portrait, May 29, 1959Dwight D. Eisenhower summary: He was a Texan by birth but Abilene, Kansas became his home. Born on October 14, 1890 in Denison Texas, Eisenhower’s ancestry was of German extraction. His interest in war games was triggered as he read his mother’s book collection about history. This was ironic because his mother did not approve of war. Eisenhower’s education did not come easy to him. Without the necessary financial support to go to college, he decided to write to his senator, Joseph Bristow, to be considered for the Naval Academy or for West Point. Too old for the Naval Academy, West Point accepted him and he entered that school in 1911. He was an average student but excelled in English. July 1, 1916 he married Mamie Geneva Doud of Iowa."
},
{
"docid": "D3319318#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/38149384/ap-gov-ch3-flash-cards/\nAP Gov ch3",
"text": "\"112 terms elaynaharris1AP Gov ch3Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort In the eyes of most Americans today, the power of the federalgovernment, compared with that of state governments, seems vastly powerful Federalism involves two levels of government, both of which are sovereign. The concept of separate, sovereign national and state governments is known as federalism. Which of the following countries does not have a federal system of government? Great Britain Which of the following countries has a federal system of government? India Under a unitary system, the natl government would have the right to alter/eliminate the judiciary Which of the following allows national governments the right to alteror even abolish local government a unitary system Which of the following countries does not have a unitary system of gov? India Ukraine, formerly one of the Soviet republics, had its own local unit of government, yet the Soviet Union was not considered a federal system. This is because, in the former Soviet Union, local governments were not independent of the central local governments One of the things that has kept our local governments independent of the national government is the commitment of Americans to the ideal of local government At a time when other Western nations were debating whether government ought to provide pensions or regulate business, the question in the United States was whether the national government had the right to do these things. In the United States, programs such as the interstate highway system and services to the unemployed are most accurately considered state functions, although the federal government seeks to regulate them. Which of the following systems of government would be most likely to appeal to those in the United States who wish to implement liberal policies in the nation but who encounter resistance from conservative state legislatures? unitary An interest group with a stron following in only 1 region of the country would have the best chance to achieve its goals under what type of system Federal A unitary form of government is most likely to appear preferable in the view of liberal US senators facing conservative state legislatures A fed system of gov would probably appeal most to an interest group w most of its support concentrated in one region Under a unitary system of gov, which of the following political outcomes would be highly unlikely?"
},
{
"docid": "D3146698#0",
"title": "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Interstate+commerce+clause\nCommerce Clause",
"text": "\"Correct all you're your grammar errors instantly. Try it now. Commerce Clause (redirected from Interstate commerce clause)Commerce Clause The provision of the U. S. Constitution that gives Congress exclusive power over trade activitiesamong the states and with foreign countries and Indian tribes. Article 1, Section 8, Clause 3, of the Constitution empowers Congress \"\"to regulate Commerce withforeign Nations, and among several States, and with the Indian Tribes.\"\" The term commerce as used in the Constitution means business or commercial exchanges in any and all of its formsbetween citizens of different states, including purely social communications between citizens of different states by telegraph, telephone, or radio, and the mere passage of persons from one state to another for either business or pleasure. Intrastate, or domestic, commerce is trade that occurs solely within the geographic borders of onestate. As it does not move across state lines, intrastate commerce is subject to the exclusivecontrol of the state. Interstate commerce, or commerce among the several states, is the free exchange of commoditiesbetween citizens of different states across state lines. Commerce with foreign nations occursbetween citizens of the United States and citizens or subjects of foreign governments and, eitherimmediately or at some stage of its progress, is extraterritorial. Commerce with Indian tribes refers to traffic or commercial exchanges involving both the United States and American Indians."
},
{
"docid": "D269007#0",
"title": "https://www.aclu.org/report/driving-while-black-racial-profiling-our-nations-highways\nDriving While Black: Racial Profiling On Our Nation's Highways",
"text": "\"Driving While Black: Racial Profiling On Our Nation's Highways Facebook Twitter Reddit Email Print By David A. Harris, University of Toledo College of Law An American Civil Liberties Union Special Report June 1999INTRODUCTIONOn a hot summer afternoon in August 1998, 37-year-old U. S. Army Sergeant First Class Rossano V. Gerald and his young son Gregory drove across the Oklahoma border into a nightmare. A career soldier and a highly decorated veteran of Desert Storm and Operation United Shield in Somalia, SFC Gerald, a black man of Panamanian descent, found that he could not travel more than 30 minutes through the state without being stopped twice: first by the Roland City Police Department, and then by the Oklahoma Highway Patrol. During the second stop, which lasted two-and-half hours, the troopers terrorized SFC Gerald's 12-year-old son with a police dog, placed both father and son in a closed car with the air conditioning off and fans blowing hot air, and warned that the dog would attack if they attempted to escape. Halfway through the episode – perhaps realizing the extent of their lawlessness – the troopers shut off the patrol car's video evidence camera. Perhaps, too, the officers understood the power of an image to stir people to action. SFC Gerald was only an infant in 1963 when a stunned nation watched on television as Birmingham Police Commissioner \"\"Bull\"\" Connor used powerful fire hoses and vicious police attack dogs against nonviolent black civil rights protesters. That incident, and Martin Luther King, Jr.'s stirring I Have a Dream speech at the historic march on Washington in August of that year, were the low and high points, respectively, of the great era of civil rights legislation: the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act. How did it come to be, then, that 35 years later SFC Gerald found himself standing on the side of a dusty road next to a barking police dog, listening to his son weep while officers rummaged through his belongings simply because he was black? I feel like I'm a guy who's pretty much walked the straight line and that's respecting people and everything. We just constantly get harassed."
},
{
"docid": "D1197495#0",
"title": "http://www.phillymag.com/news/2012/03/15/need-vehicle-inspections-pennsylvania/\nItâs Time to End Vehicle Inspections in Pennsylvania",
"text": "It’s Time to End Vehicle Inspections in Pennsylvania The feds force emissions tests, but Harrisburg has the power to get rid of the annual car checkup. By Christopher Moraff · 3/15/2012, 7:30 a.m. On Wednesday morning, Pennsylvania’s Senate Transportation Committee voted unanimously to advance a resolution calling on the federal government to study the continued efficacy of mandatory vehicle emissions tests with the end goal of hopefully doing away with them altogether. The proposal was introduced earlier this year by the committee’s chairman, Sen. John Wozniak—a Democrat representing parts of Centre County—who says emissions tests are “ineffective and costly” and that modern technology has made them all but obsolete. A similar bill is pending in the state House. When the federal government began requiring emissions tests in high-population areas in 1984, only Philadelphia and Pittsburgh were impacted; today drivers in 25 counties are required to bring their cars to a certified facility every year and shell out as much as $50 to have them hooked up to a computerized emissions gauge that checks the levels of particulates in the exhaust. Since the requirements are based on where you live and not what you drive, enforcement of the tests is notoriously arbitrary: For instance, a Prius owner in York is required to have an annual emissions test, while the owner of a 1979 pick-up truck across the Adams County line in Abbottstown is exempt. At Wednesday’s hearing, Wozniak called the tests a “burden” on consumers and cited research that shows modern cars are already 98 percent compliant with federal standards. But even if Wozniak’s resolution passes (and surely there are thousands of Pennsylvania drivers who hope that it does) there is no guarantee the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency will entertain the state’s request; earlier this year the EPA did authorize the city of Anchorage to end mandatory testing—saying cleaner cars have contributed to a drop in the city’s carbon dioxide levels—but Pennsylvania is not Alaska, and other states have had their highway funds threatened for attempting to alter adherence to the guidelines. My recommendation for Sen. Wozniak would be to use the time while he waits for an answer from the EPA to follow the national trend and do away with Pennsylvania’s own ineffective and costly vehicle inspections—something he and his fellow lawmakers can do without federal permission. In the name of safety, Pennsylvania’s mechanics run nearly 11 million vehicles a year through a gantlet of tests—such as checking the speedometer, suspension, chassis and glass—most of which have no measurable impact whatsoever on the number of highway fatalities but end up costing consumers millions of dollars in labor costs and unnecessary repairs."
},
{
"docid": "D1350302#0",
"title": "https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/515/200/case.html\nAdarand Constructors, Inc. v. Peña, 515 U.S. 200 (1995)",
"text": "\"Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Peña, 515 U. S. 200 (1995)Annotate this Case Opinion PDF Annotation Syllabus | Case OCTOBER TERM, 1994Syllabus ADARAND CONSTRUCTORS, INC. v. PENA, SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION, ET AL. CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE TENTH CIRCUITNo.93-1841. Argued January 17, 1995-Decided June 12, 1995Most federal agency contracts must contain a subcontractor compensation clause, which gives a prime contractor a financial incentive to hire subcontractors certified as small businesses controlled by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals, and requires the contractor to presume that such individuals include minorities or any other individuals found to be disadvantaged by the Small Business Administration (SBA). The prime contractor under a federal highway construction contract containing such a clause awarded a subcontract to a company that was certified as a small disadvantaged business. The record does not reveal how the company obtained its certification, but it could have been by anyone of three routes: under one of two SBA programs-known as the 8 (a) and 8 (d) programs-or by a state agency under relevant Department of Transportation regulations. Petitioner Adarand Constructors, Inc., which submitted the low bid on the subcontract but was not a certified business, filed suit against respondent federal officials, claiming that the race-based presumptions used in subcontractor compensation clauses violate the equal protection component of the Fifth Amendment's Due Process Clause. The District Court granted respondents summary judgment. In affirming, the Court of Appeals assessed the constitutionality of the federal race-based action under a lenient standard, resembling intermediate scrutiny, which it determined was required by Fullilove v. Klutznick, 448 U. S. 448, and Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. FCC, 497 U. S. 547. Held: The judgment is vacated, and the case is remanded."
}
] |
620053
|
what did the federal trade commission have the power to investigate
|
[
{
"docid": "D666374#0",
"title": "https://brainly.com/question/786290\nThe federal trade commission had the power to investigate companies engaging in what actions that unfairly limited competition",
"text": "\"High School History 5 points The federal trade commission had the power to investigate companies engaging in what actions that unfairly limited competition Ask for details Follow Reportby Theresa3 11/19/2015Verified answer What is a Verified Answer? Log in to view the full answer. Unlock Verified Answers and get help from subject experts. Unlock verified answer Answers History Guy Ambitious The federal trade commission had the power to investigate companies engaging in \"\"collusion\"\", which unfairly limited competition, since consumer choice was greatly limited as well. Comments Report3.8 4 votes Thanks 7 \""
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D469516#0",
"title": "http://www.allgov.com/departments/independent-agencies/federal-trade-commission-ftc?agencyid=7429\n.",
"text": "\"Overview: The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is responsible for policing business practices across the nation and making sure competition remains fair. When the FTC was created in 1914, its purpose was to prevent unfair methods of competition in commerce as part of early government efforts to break up large trusts and prevent them from dominating industries. Over the years, Congress has passed additional laws giving the FTC greater authority to police anticompetitive practices. Today, the commission administers a wide variety of other consumer protection laws. Some of the recent issues the FTC has dealt with include truthful advertising practices and price fixing. The commission also provides workshops, hearings, and conferences and creates educational programs for both consumers and businesses. Recent controversies involving the high-tech, drug, insurance, telecommunications, and social networking sectors have kept the agency busier than ever.more History: The FTC was created in 1914 to help prevent unfair competitive advantages in the marketplace. This came as a result of lawmakers, as well as President Woodrow Wilson, attempting to “bust the trusts,” or break apart monopolies that discouraged competition from smaller and less powerful businesses. The original legislation creating the agency was called the Federal Trade Commission Act . The Clayton Act, another key legislation from this period (it was signed on October 15, 1914), provided a framework for the new commission."
},
{
"docid": "D2700198#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/40935593/econ-2010-mcgraw-hill-chapter-18-flash-cards/\nEcon 2010 McGraw Hill Chapter 18",
"text": "\"81 terms Press10Econ 2010 Mc Graw Hill Chapter 18Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort The Clayton Act of 1914: outlawed price discrimination, tying contracts, intercorporate stockholding, and interlocking directorates that lessen competition. Which one of the following is not prohibited by the original Clayton Act? the purchase of the assets of rival firms that lessens competition Which of the following amended the Clayton Act's prohibition against mergers that substantially lessen competition? Celler-Kefauver Act of 1950The antitrust laws are based on the: idea that competition leads to greater economic efficiency than does monopoly. The antitrust laws are enforced by the: Federal Justice Department and the Federal Trade Commission. Interlocking directorates are: illegal under provisions of the Clayton Act of 1914. The government was successful in gaining an antitrust conviction in the: Alcoa case. In which of the following cases did the final court decision result in a breakup of the firm into competing businesses?"
},
{
"docid": "D2847462#0",
"title": "https://eh.net/encyclopedia/nelson-adbans/\nAdvertising Bans in the United States",
"text": "Advertising Bans in the United States Jon P. Nelson, Pennsylvania State University Freedom of expression has always ranked high on the American scale of values and fundamental rights. This essay addresses regulation of “commercial speech,” which is defined as speech or messages that propose a commercial transaction. Regulation of commercial advertising occurs in several forms, but it is often controversial. In 1938, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) was given the authority to regulate “unfair or deceptive” advertising. Congressional hearings were first held in 1939 on proposals to ban radio advertising of alcohol beverages (Russell 1940; U. S. Congress 1939, 1952). Actions by the FTC during 1964-69 led to the 1971 ban of radio and television advertising of cigarettes. In 1997, the distilled spirits industry reversed a six decade-old policy and began using cable television advertising. Numerous groups immediately called for removal of the ads, and Rep. Joseph Kennedy II (D, MA) introduced a “Just Say No” bill that would have banned all alcohol advertisements from the airways. In 1998, the Master Settlement Agreement between that state attorneys general and the tobacco industry put an end to billboard advertising of cigarettes. Do these regulations make any difference for the demand for alcohol or cigarettes?"
},
{
"docid": "D1972170#0",
"title": "http://www.traderstatus.com/faq.htm\n.",
"text": "\"1.1) What is the purpose of this FAQ? This FAQ is *not* intended as a comprehensive guide to trader status taxation. That is covered in the Traders Tax Plan ™ This FAQ is a fast and easy way to get answers to general questions, many of which are so often misrepresented over the internet1.2) What is Versus Purchase or VSP? A method of identifying specific shares of securities to be sold for tax purposes--also called \"\"vs. purchase.\"\" If versus purchase is not specifically stated at the time of sale, the IRS deems the securities sold are made on a first-in first-out (FIFO) basis. Typically, you can have your broker add a memo line to your confirmation statement, per your instructions. For example, if you're selling the 100 shares you bought on March 31, 2008, ask your broker to write on your confirmation that the transaction is a sale \"\"vs. purchase 3/31/08.\"\" For online trades, you should immediately follow up with a phone call to specify your instructions."
},
{
"docid": "D927530#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_Public_Service\nArizona Public Service",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Arizona Public Service Type Public Industry Electricity generation & distribution Founded 1885Headquarters Phoenix, Arizona, United States Products Electricity Parent Pinnacle West Capital Corporation (formerly named AZP Group)Website www.aps.com Arizona Public Service Company is the largest electric utility in Arizona, United States and the principal subsidiary of publicly traded S&P 500 member Pinnacle West Capital Corporation ( NYSE : PNW ), which in turn had been formerly named AZP Group, when Arizona Public Service reorganized as that holding company in 1985. With 4,000 MW of generating capacity, APS serves more than one million customers in 11 counties throughout most of the state, but mainly concentrated in northern and central Arizona. [ 1] APS is one of the two major suppliers of electricity to the Phoenix metropolitan area (the other being Salt River Project ). [ 2]APS is regulated by the Arizona Corporation Commission (ACC), the state agency that, by mandate of Article 15, Section 2 of the state's constitution, regulates energy utilities in Arizona, with the notable exception of SRP, the rural electrical districts, and the City of Mesa electric utility serving Downtown Mesa and the immediate vicinity (with the rest of the city being served by SRP). The holding company, Pinnacle West Capital, through its APS utility sells wholesale and retail power to the wider western United States and also provides energy-related services. Through another major subsidiary, Pinnacle West also developed and managed real estate in Arizona. [ 1] Pinnacle West left the real estate business in 2010. [ 3]The utility company also operates three nuclear reactors. Its Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station in Arizona, the largest nuclear plant in the U. S., came under scrutiny by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in 2005 when operational problems began to cause prolonged outages. [ 1]Contents [ hide ]1 History1.1 Pinnacle West Capital2 Service territory3 Major power outage3.1 Blackout settlement4 Solar Generation5 See also6 References7 External links History [ edit]In 1884, the Phoenix Light and Fuel Company was formed to provide electricity and heat to the people of the three-year-old town of Phoenix."
},
{
"docid": "D2394746#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodity_Futures_Trading_Commission\nCommodity Futures Trading Commission",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search U. S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission Official seal Agency overview Formed April 15, 1975Preceding agency Commodity Exchange Authority Jurisdiction Federal government of the United States Headquarters 1155 21st Street, NW, Washington, D. C. Employees 435 (2006)Agency executive J. Christopher Giancarlo, Chairman Website www .cftc .gov Footnotes [1] [2]The U. S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission ( CFTC) is an independent agency of the US government created in 1974, that regulates futures and option markets. The Commodities Exchange Act (\"\"CEA\"\"), 7 U. S. C. § 1 et seq., prohibits fraudulent conduct in the trading of futures contracts. The stated mission of the CFTC is to foster open, transparent, competitive, and financially sound markets, to avoid systemic risk, and to protect the market users and their funds, consumers, and the public from fraud, manipulation, and abusive practices related to derivatives and other products that are subject to the Commodity Exchange Act. [ 3] After the Financial crisis of 2007–08 and since 2010 with the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, CFTC has been transitioning to bring more transparency and stricter regulation to the multitrillion dollar swaps market. [ 4]Contents [ hide ]1 History2 Responsibilities2.1 Over-the-counter derivatives2.2 Crude oil derivatives and futures: speculation or fundamentals2.3 Foreign Exchange rates2.4 Regulating digital currencies3 Organization3.1 The Commission3.2 Current members of the Commission3.2.1 Chairman's staff3.3 Major operating units3.3.1 Division of Swap Dealer and Intermediary Oversight3.3.2 Division of Clearing and Risk3.3.3 Division of Market Oversight3.3.4 Division of Enforcement3.3.5 Office of Chief Economist3.3.6 Office of the General Counsel3.3.7 Office of the Executive Director3.3.8 Office of the Whistleblower3.4 List of Past Commissioners4 Funding/budget5 Primary exchanges monitored6 See also7 Notes8 References9 Further reading10 External links History [ edit]Futures contracts for agricultural commodities have been traded in the U. S. for more than 150 years and have been under Federal regulation since the 1920s. [ 5] The Grain Futures Act of 1922 set the basic authority and was changed by the Commodity Exchange Act of 1936 (7 U. S. C. 1 et seq.). [ 6] [7]Since the 1970s, [8] trading in futures contracts has expanded rapidly beyond traditional physical and agricultural commodities into a vast array of financial instruments, including foreign currencies, U. S. and foreign government securities, and U. S. and foreign stock indices. Congress created the CFTC in 1974 as an independent agency with the mandate to regulate. The Commodity Futures Trading Commission Act of 1974 (P. L. 93-463) created the CFTC to replace the U. S. Department of Agriculture 's Commodity Exchange Authority as the independent federal agency responsible for regulating commodity futures and option markets in the United States."
},
{
"docid": "D182440#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.P._Morgan_Asset_Management\nJPMorgan Chase",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from J. P. Morgan Asset Management)navigation search This article is about JPMorgan Chase & Co. For main subsidiaries, see Chase Bank and J. P. Morgan & Co. JPMorgan Chase & Co. The JPMorgan Chase & Co. headquarters at 270 Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan Type Public Traded as NYSE : JPMDJIA Component S&P 100 Component S&P 500 Component ISIN US46625H1005Industry Banking, financial services Predecessor Bank of the Manhattan Company founded September 1, 1799; 218 years ago Founded December 1, 2000; 17 years ago Headquarters 270 Park Avenue, New York City, New York, United States Area served Worldwide Key people Jamie Dimon (Chairman and CEO) Daniel E. Pinto (Co-President & Co-COO) Gordon A. Smith (Co-President & Co-COO)Products Asset allocation, asset management, bank underwriting, bond trading, brokerage services, capital market services, commercial banking, commodity trading, conglomeration services, consumer banking, consumer finance, corporate banking, credit cards, credit default swap, credit derivative trading, custody services, debt resolution, equities trading, financial analysis, finance and insurance, financial market utilities, foreign currency exchange, foreign exchange trading, futures and options trading, global banking, global wealth management, hedge fund management, home finance, intermediation and advisory services, investment banking, investment capital, investment management, investment portfolios, money market trading, mortgages, mortgage loans, mortgage–backed securities, mortgage underwriting, prime brokerage, private banking, private equity, remittance, retail banking, retail brokerage, risk management, stock portfolios, securities underwriting, stock trading, subprime mortgages, treasury and security services, underwriting, venture capital, wealth management, wire transfers Revenue US$ 99.624 billion (2017) [1]Operating income US$ 35.900 billion (2017) [1]Net income US$ 24.441 billion (2017) [1]AUM US$ 2.789 trillion (2017) [1]Total assets US$ 2.534 trillion (2017) [1]Total equity US$ 255.69 billion (2017) [1]Number of employees 252,539 (2017) [1]Divisions J. P. Morgan Asset Management Subsidiaries Chase Bank, J. P. Morgan & Co., J. P. Morgan Cazenove, One Equity Partners Capital ratio 15.2% (2016) [1]Website www .jpmorganchase .com JPMorgan Chase & Co. is an American multinational investment bank and financial services holding company headquartered in New York City. In addition to being the largest bank in the United States, JPMorgan is the world's second most valuable bank by market capitalization. [ 2] [3]As a \"\" Bulge Bracket \"\" bank, it is a major provider of various investment banking and financial services. It is one of America's Big Four banks, along with Bank of America, Wells Fargo, and Citigroup. [ 4] JPMorgan is considered to be a universal bank and a custodian bank. The J. P. Morgan brand, historically known as Morgan, is used by the investment banking, asset management, private banking, private wealth management, and treasury & securities services divisions. Fiduciary activity within private banking and private wealth management is done under the aegis of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N. A.—the actual trustee. The Chase brand is used for credit card services in the United States and Canada, the bank's retail banking activities in the United States, and commercial banking. Both the retail and commercial bank and the bank's corporate headquarters are located at 270 Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. [ 5] The company was formed in 2000, when Chase Manhattan Corporation merged with J. P. Morgan & Co. [5]As of 2017-18, the bank is one of the largest asset management companies in the world with US$2.789 trillion in assets under management. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1042117#0",
"title": "https://www.heritage.org/political-process/report/administrative-state-constitutional-government\nFrom Administrative State to Constitutional Government",
"text": "Report Political Process From Administrative State to Constitutional Government December 14, 2012 Over an hour read Download Report Joseph Postell2017-18 Visiting Fellow in American Political Thought Copied Select a Section 1 /0Introduction Part 1: What Is the Administrative State? Part 2: The Problem of the Administrative State Part 3: The Alternative—Constitutional Government Part 4: What Can Be Done? Conclusion Abstract: The administrative state is an assault on constitutional principles—government by consent, the separation of powers, and the rights of individuals—that liberals and conservatives hold dear. The key to reform is that it be grounded in a proper understanding of these principles, not in the hope of immediate short-term gain or narrow self-interest. If we begin from constitutional principles and can communicate those principles and their relevance to the public in a clear manner, the reforms envisioned in this report are not too far from our grasp. It is high time that Americans work together to forge an alternative to the administrative state so that we preserve our constitutional principles for future generations. Over the past 100 years, our government has been transformed from a limited, constitutional, federal republic to a centralized administrative state that for the most part exists outside the structure of the Constitution and wields nearly unlimited power. This administrative state has been constructed as a result of a massive expansion of the national government’s power. When the Founders created our Constitution, they entrusted only limited powers to the national government and specifically enumerated those powers in the Constitution itself. A government that only had to carry out a limited number of functions could do so through the institutions and procedures established by the Constitution."
},
{
"docid": "D2642839#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/40435830/chapter-7-antitrust-law-flash-cards/\nChapter 7 - Antitrust Law",
"text": "\"75 terms abrespinoza Chapter 7 - Antitrust Law Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Competition is the lifeblood of capitalism Values of Capitalism efficiency opportunity individual liberty Promoting competition delivers the best set of rules and outcomes for society as a whole Wide range of choice competition allows for a wide range of choice to allow consumers 1) to reward firms that closely matches their individual tastes 2) the individual choice then channel resources to the most efficient and responsive firm 3) creates a dynamic reward system promoting entreprenuership, efficiency, and risk taking 4) created wealth Individual firms competition in the best option because can reduce profits, force costly change, and want to reduce competition. This are rise to monopolies where only one seller dominates. Adam Smith Smithian Model economist who opposed competition wanted little government intervention and business to rely on self-interest and profits. Anticompetitive practices deliberate action by firms to harm their competitors rather than improving their own products and services. Antitrust Law designed to prevent and punish anti-competitive practices John D. Rockefeller creation of the standard oil trust -took over competitors -large this got, the easier to force competition out of the market ---stock transfers (absorbed companies transferred their stock to standard oil trustee. ---used new monopoly ---made a lot of enemies in the process Ohio Supreme court dissolved oil trust in 1892, broken into various geographically based companies -standard oil of new jersey \"\" Exxon-mobil\"\" -standard oil in California \"\"Chevron\"\"Railroads dominated trusts, used market power ton increase price. The public reaction was negative, so Congress passed the Interstate Commerce Act -purpose to regulate railroads -first step to protecting consumers and small businesses Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 \"\"Trust buster Act\"\" -outlaws trust Inadequacies 1) did not protect consumers from anti-competitive practices 2) ineffective at dismantling well establish trust due to supreme court interpretation of Sherman primarily directed at trust, specifically standard oil trust there are no defenses 21 years late, Johnny lost due to this act under rule of reason and per se. - Was exclusively DOJClayton Antitrust Act of 1914 directly outlawed anti-competitive practices that led monopolization addresses activities that lead to trust and monopolies prevents them."
},
{
"docid": "D1598964#0",
"title": "https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/legal-aspects-of-property-estate-planning-and-insurance/s08-01-administrative-agencies-their-.html\n5.1 Administrative Agencies: Their Structure and Powers",
"text": "\"5.1 Administrative Agencies: Their Structure and Powers Learning Objectives Explain the reasons why we have federal administrative agencies. Explain the difference between executive branch agencies and independent agencies. Describe the constitutional issue that questions whether administrative agencies could have authority to make enforceable rules that affect business. Why Have Administrative Agencies? The US Constitution mentions only three branches of government: legislative, executive, and judicial (Articles I, II, and III). There is no mention of agencies in the Constitution, even though federal agencies are sometimes referred to as “the fourth branch of government.” The Supreme Court has recognized the legitimacy of federal administrative agencies to make rules that have the same binding effect as statutes by Congress. Most commentators note that having agencies with rule-making power is a practical necessity: (1) Congress does not have the expertise or continuity to develop specialized knowledge in various areas (e.g., communications, the environment, aviation). ( 2) Because of this, it makes sense for Congress to set forth broad statutory guidance to an agency and delegate authority to the agency to propose rules that further the statutory purposes. ( 3) As long as Congress makes this delegating guidance sufficiently clear, it is not delegating improperly."
},
{
"docid": "D666376#0",
"title": "http://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-23-1-c-the-development-of-antitrust-enforcement.html\n.",
"text": "\"BRIA 23 1 c The Development of Antitrust Enforcement CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS FOUNDATION Bill of Rights in Action Spring 2007 (Volume 23, No. 1)Free Markets and Antitrust Law Adam Smith and The Wealth of Nations | Progressives and the Era of Trustbusting | The Development of Antitrust Enforcement | Media Mergers and the Public Interest The Development of Antitrust Enforcement Since 1914, the Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) have shared enforcement of the antitrust laws. In 1906, the U. S. Justice Department had filed an antitrust lawsuit against John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Trust. This trust controlled about 90 percent of U. S. oil refining. The lawsuit and appeals took years. In 1911, the Supreme Court decided the case and ordered the trust broken up. In its decision, however, the court ruled that the Sherman Antitrust Act did not outlaw every restraint on trade. It banned only \"\"unreasonable\"\" restraints on trade, which left open the question of which business practices are illegal. After Woodrow Wilson won the presidential election of 1912, he faced a dilemma about how to handle monopolies. He at first favored a new law that would define specific anti-competitive acts and declare them illegal."
},
{
"docid": "D2493248#0",
"title": "http://www.newsweek.com/2014/07/04/nonsensical-sentences-white-collar-criminals-256104.html\nNonsensical Sentences for White Collar Criminals",
"text": "\"In the Magazine Business Nonsensical Sentences for White Collar Criminals By Leah Mc Grath Goodman On 6/26/14 at 3:18 PMSAC CApital's Mathew Martoma was found guilty of insider trading, setting him up for a lengthy prison term. REUTERS/Eduardo Munoz Share Business Insider Trading It was supposed to be another victory lap for Manhattan U. S. Attorney Preet Bharara, whose insider-trading winning streak hit 79 after a jury found hedge fund trader Mathew Martoma of SAC Capital Advisors LP guilty of insider trading, setting him up for a lengthy prison term. But as the government’s probation department recommends a sentence that would be the longest ever for insider trading—anywhere from 15 to 20 years—U. S. judges, federal public defenders, the U. S. Sentencing Commission, the U. S. Department of Justice and the American Bar Association are increasingly calling into question thenation’s sentencing guidelines, which, in the words of one federal judge, “are just too goddamn severe. ”While Jed S. Rakoff, a federal senior judge for the Southern District of New York, where many of Wall Street’s highest-profile cases are heard, has beenextremely vocal about the lack of high-level executives going to prison in the wake of the financial crisis, he also believes that federal sentencing guidelines are too simplistic, too harsh and often fail to offer punishments nuanced enough to fit the crime. “Insider trading is a serious offense, and it is very important there is prison time to send a strong message,” he tells Newsweek. “ But the arithmetic behind the sentencing calculations is all hocus-pocus—it’s nonsensical, and I mean that sincerely. It gives the illusion of something meaningful with no real value underneath. ”Recommended Slideshows51In Pictures: The 50 Most Powerful Military Forces in the World44In Pictures: Every U. S. President Ranked From Best to Worst51In Pictures: Top 50 U. S. Cities Ranked by Quality of Life And Average Salary The biggest quibble judges have with white-collar sentencing guidelines is the fact that prison terms are heavily weighted toward how much money is made or lost on a financial crime, regardless of the circumstances of the offense, whether it is insider trading, embezzlement, a Ponzi scheme or some other type of financial fraud, which, according to the U. S. Sentencing Commission, all of which make up about 11 percent of the annual federal caseload. “The way it’s set up now, you may be the lead offender in a crime or the low man on the totem pole and still get the same sentence,” Rakoff says. See all of the best photos of the week in these slideshows Most Read Rakoff sent former Goldman Sachs director Rajat Gupta to prison for two years in 2012 after Gupta passed along inside information about the bank at the height of the financial crisis to the former head of hedge fund Galleon Group, Raj Rajaratnam, who’s now serving an 11-year prison sentence—one of the longest ever for insider trading in U. S. history."
},
{
"docid": "D568808#0",
"title": "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Federal+Trade+Commission\nFederal Trade Commission",
"text": "\"Correct all you're your grammar errors instantly. Try it now. Federal Trade Commission Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Financial, Acronyms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia. Related to Federal Trade Commission: Better Business Bureau, Federal Trade Commission Act Federal Trade Commission The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is an independent federal regulatory agency charged with theresponsibility of promoting fair competition among rivals in the marketplace by preventing unfair anddeceptive trade practices and restraining the growth of monopolies that tend to lessen free trade. The Federal Trade Commission was established on September 26, 1914, by the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U. S. C. 41 et seq). Created by Congress at the urging of President woodrowwilson, the FTC was designed to regulate trusts and prevent Unfair Competition in interstatecommerce. The FTC succeeded the Bureau of Corporations as the federal agency in charge of regulating unfair and non-competitive trade practices. The FTC's creation was supported both by anti-monopolists seeking to halt \"\"unfair competition\"\" thatresulted from the trust building actions of larger corporations and by businessmen seeking\"\"fairness\"\" as a basis for greater order and stability in the marketplace. The FTC is composed of five commissioners appointed by the President of the United States, withthe advice and consent of the Senate, for a term of seven years. Not more than three of thecommissioners may be members of the same political party."
},
{
"docid": "D642092#0",
"title": "https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-ushistory/chapter/from-roosevelt-to-wilson/\nFrom Roosevelt to Wilson",
"text": "From Roosevelt to Taft In 1908, Theodore Roosevelt persuaded the Republican Party to nominate William Howard Taft to run against Democratic candidate William Jennings Bryan. Learning Objectives Summarize the 1908 presidential election Key Takeaways Key Points The Democrats nominated William Jennings Bryan, who remained popular among liberals and populists. Taft took support from his Democratic opponent William Jennings Bryan by endorsing some of his policies, which combined with Roosevelt’s Progressive record, blurred the distinction between the two parties, leading to Taft’s victory. Despite running a vigorous campaign against the nation’s business elite, Bryan suffered the worst loss of his three presidential campaigns. Republicans used the slogan, “Vote for Taft now, you can vote for Bryan anytime,” a sarcastic reference to Bryan’s two failed previous presidential campaigns. Key Terms William Howard Taft: The 27th president of the United States who was defeated for reelection by Woodrow Wilson in 1912 after Roosevelt split the Republican vote by running as a third-party candidate. William Jennings Bryan: A leading American politician who was a dominant force in the liberal wing of the Democratic Party, and served as Wilson’s secretary of state until his resignation in frustration over Wilson’s war efforts. He lost to William Taft in the election of 1908. Theodore Roosevelt: The 26th president of the United States of America (1901–1909), noted for his exuberant personality and leadership of the Progressive movement. As president, his priorities included the Progressive aims of combating governmental corruption, limiting the power of large corporations, and establishing a colonial empire."
},
{
"docid": "D2080596#0",
"title": "http://eh.net/encyclopedia/nelson-adbans/\nAdvertising Bans in the United States",
"text": "Advertising Bans in the United States Jon P. Nelson, Pennsylvania State University Freedom of expression has always ranked high on the American scale of values and fundamental rights. This essay addresses regulation of “commercial speech,” which is defined as speech or messages that propose a commercial transaction. Regulation of commercial advertising occurs in several forms, but it is often controversial. In 1938, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) was given the authority to regulate “unfair or deceptive” advertising. Congressional hearings were first held in 1939 on proposals to ban radio advertising of alcohol beverages (Russell 1940; U. S. Congress 1939, 1952). Actions by the FTC during 1964-69 led to the 1971 ban of radio and television advertising of cigarettes. In 1997, the distilled spirits industry reversed a six decade-old policy and began using cable television advertising. Numerous groups immediately called for removal of the ads, and Rep. Joseph Kennedy II (D, MA) introduced a “Just Say No” bill that would have banned all alcohol advertisements from the airways. In 1998, the Master Settlement Agreement between that state attorneys general and the tobacco industry put an end to billboard advertising of cigarettes. Do these regulations make any difference for the demand for alcohol or cigarettes?"
},
{
"docid": "D1661047#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/28066622/us-history-chs-5-and-6-flash-cards/\nU.S. History Chs. 5 and 6",
"text": "\"82 terms eliseandjenny U. S. History Chs. 5 and 6Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sortimperialism the actions used by one nation to excersise political or economic control over a smaller or weaker nationprotectorate a country that is technically independent but is actually under the control of another country Pan-Americanism the idea that the U. S. and Latin American nationsnations should work togetheryellow journalism type of sensational, biased, or often false reporting for the sake of attracted readersautonomy the quality of or state of being self-governingjingoism extreme nationalism marked by agressive foreign policysphere of influence section of a country where a foreign nation enjoys special rights and powers Open Door policy a policy that allowed each foreign nation in China to trade freely in the other nation's spheres of influencedollar diplomacy a policy of joining the business interests of a country with its diplomatic interests abroadguerrillas armed fighters who carry out surprise attacksmuckraker a journalist who uncovers abuses and corruption in a societydirect primary a vote held by all members of a political party to decide their candidate for public officeinitiative the right of citizens to place a measure or issue before the voters or the legislature for approvallegislation a proposed law to be voted on by a governing bodyreferendum the practice of letter voters accept or reject measures proposed by the legislaturerecall the right that enables voters to remove unsatisfactory elected officials from officesuffrage the right to voteprohibition laws banning the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beveragesarbitration settling a dispute by agreeing to accept the decision of an impartial outsiderinsubordination disobedience to authorityincome tax a tax based upon the net income of a person or businessunfair trade practices trading practices that derive a gain at the expense of competition Europe's New Imperialism Europe started expanding its nation overseas to import raw materials for manufacturing; high tariffs in industrialized nations--intended to protect industries--reduced trade, forcing companies to look for new markets overseas; investment opportunities had also slowed in western europe, so europeans began looking overseas for places to invest their capital. To protect their overseas investments, euopean nations began exerting control over their territories, making some into colonies and others into protectorates, in which the imperial power (europe) protected local rulers against rebellion and invasion. the local rulers in return had to accept europeans' advice on how to govern their countries. America's New Imperialism As the U. S. industrialized, many began to notice Europe's expading power overseas and took an interest in this new imperialism. many concluded that the nation needed new overseas markets to keep its economy strong. historian John Fiske argued that English-speaking nations had superior character, ideas, and systems of government. His ideas were known as Anglo-Saxonism, and many Americans linked this with the idea of Manifest Destiny. These Americans believed the U. S. was destined to expand overseas and spread its civilization to others. As ideas for American imperialism gained support, the U. S. became more assertive in foreign affairs."
},
{
"docid": "D1633890#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Longshoremen%27s_Association\nInternational Longshoremen's Association",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( January 2009) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)ILAFull name International Longshoremen's Association Founded 1892Members 65,000 (2010)Affiliation AFL-CIO, CLC, ITFKey people Harold J. Daggett., President Office location North Bergen, New Jersey [1]Country United States, Canada Website www.ilaunion.org The International Longshoremen's Association ( ILA) is a labor union representing longshore workers along the East Coast of the United States and Canada, the Gulf Coast, the Great Lakes, Puerto Rico, and inland waterways. The ILA has approximately 200 local affiliates in port cities in these areas. Contents [ hide ]1 Origins2 Secession of the West Coast locals3 Allegations of organized crime4 Rivalry with the IBL5 Containerization6 Governmental oversight7 Political activities8 See also9 References10 External links10.1 Archives11 Further reading Origins [ edit]ILA banner c. 1901The roots of the International Longshoremen's Association date to colonial America when the arrival of ships bearing goods from Europe was greeted with cries for \"\"Men ‘long shore!\"\" At first, the \"\"longshoremen\"\" who came to the ships were normally engaged in any number of full-time occupations, but left their work freely to unload the anxiously awaited and sometimes desperately needed supplies without compensation. As America began to develop a fledgling economy, and the ships increased, longshore work became a full-time occupation. As the nation matured, many new immigrants congregated in the cities, hoping to find work, especially along the coast, where the bulk of business was still being done."
},
{
"docid": "D816464#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase\nJPMorgan Chase",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about JPMorgan Chase & Co. For main subsidiaries, see Chase Bank and J. P. Morgan & Co. JPMorgan Chase & Co. The JPMorgan Chase & Co. headquarters at 270 Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan Type Public Traded as NYSE : JPMDJIA Component S&P 100 Component S&P 500 Component ISIN US46625H1005Industry Banking, financial services Predecessor Bank of the Manhattan Company founded September 1, 1799; 218 years ago Founded December 1, 2000; 17 years ago Headquarters 270 Park Avenue, New York City, New York, United States Area served Worldwide Key people Jamie Dimon (Chairman and CEO) Daniel E. Pinto (Co-President & Co-COO) Gordon A. Smith (Co-President & Co-COO)Products Asset allocation, asset management, bank underwriting, bond trading, brokerage services, capital market services, commercial banking, commodity trading, conglomeration services, consumer banking, consumer finance, corporate banking, credit cards, credit default swap, credit derivative trading, custody services, debt resolution, equities trading, financial analysis, finance and insurance, financial market utilities, foreign currency exchange, foreign exchange trading, futures and options trading, global banking, global wealth management, hedge fund management, home finance, intermediation and advisory services, investment banking, investment capital, investment management, investment portfolios, money market trading, mortgages, mortgage loans, mortgage–backed securities, mortgage underwriting, prime brokerage, private banking, private equity, remittance, retail banking, retail brokerage, risk management, stock portfolios, securities underwriting, stock trading, subprime mortgages, treasury and security services, underwriting, venture capital, wealth management, wire transfers Revenue US$ 99.624 billion (2017) [1]Operating income US$ 35.900 billion (2017) [1]Net income US$ 24.441 billion (2017) [1]AUM US$ 2.789 trillion (2017) [1]Total assets US$ 2.534 trillion (2017) [1]Total equity US$ 255.69 billion (2017) [1]Number of employees 252,539 (2017) [1]Divisions J. P. Morgan Asset Management Subsidiaries Chase Bank, J. P. Morgan & Co., J. P. Morgan Cazenove, One Equity Partners Capital ratio 15.2% (2016) [1]Website www .jpmorganchase .com JPMorgan Chase & Co. is an American multinational investment bank and financial services holding company headquartered in New York City. In addition to being the largest bank in the United States, JPMorgan is the world's second most valuable bank by market capitalization. [ 2] [3]As a \"\" Bulge Bracket \"\" bank, it is a major provider of various investment banking and financial services. It is one of America's Big Four banks, along with Bank of America, Wells Fargo, and Citigroup. [ 4] JPMorgan is considered to be a universal bank and a custodian bank. The J. P. Morgan brand, historically known as Morgan, is used by the investment banking, asset management, private banking, private wealth management, and treasury & securities services divisions. Fiduciary activity within private banking and private wealth management is done under the aegis of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N. A.—the actual trustee. The Chase brand is used for credit card services in the United States and Canada, the bank's retail banking activities in the United States, and commercial banking. Both the retail and commercial bank and the bank's corporate headquarters are located at 270 Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. [ 5] The company was formed in 2000, when Chase Manhattan Corporation merged with J. P. Morgan & Co. [5]As of 2017-18, the bank is one of the largest asset management companies in the world with US$2.789 trillion in assets under management. ["
},
{
"docid": "D469515#0",
"title": "https://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/federal-trade-commission-ftc.html\nFederal Trade Commission (FTC)",
"text": "\"The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) was established as an independent administrative agency pursuant to the Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914. The purpose of the FTC is to enforce the provisions of the Federal Trade Commission Act, which prohibits \"\"unfair or deceptive acts or practices in commerce.\"\" The Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) also granted the FTC the authority to act against specific and unfair monopolistic practices. The FTC is considered to be a law enforcement agency, and like other such agencies it lacks punitive authority. Although the FTC cannot punish violators—that is the responsibility of the judicial system—it can issue cease and desist orders and argue cases in federal and administrative courts. Today, the Federal Trade Commission serves an important function as a protector of both consumer and business rights. While the restrictions that it imposes on business practices often receive the most attention, other laws enforced by the FTC—such as the 1979 Franchise Rule, which directed franchisors to provide full disclosure of franchise information to prospective franchisees—have been of great benefit to entrepreneurs and small business owners. Basically, all business owners should educate themselves about the guidelines set forth by the FTC on various business practices. Some of its rules can be helpful to small businesses and entrepreneurs. Conversely, businesses that flout or remain ignorant of the FTC's operating guidelines are apt to regret it."
},
{
"docid": "D300913#0",
"title": "http://reclaimdemocracy.org/mayer_personalizing/\nPersonalizing the Impersonal: Corporations and the Bill of Rights",
"text": "Personalizing the Impersonal: Corporations and the Bill of Rights By Carl J. Mayer As Published by Hastings Law Journal, Hastings College of Law at University of California, March, 1990; Volume 41, No. 3Editor’s note: This lengthy law review article offers the most thorough legal analysis to date of the process by which corporations have seized specific constitutional rights and makes clear our problems go back much further than Citizens United v FEC. For anyone relatively new to exploring corporate personhood, we suggest starting with a look at this comprehensive web page. Between 1989 and 1992 Americans will celebrate the bicentennial of the ratification of the Bill of Rights. Even more than average citizens, however, corporations and their managers are marking this anniversary with approval*1 because they successfully have used the Bill of Rights as a shield against government regulation. Businesses now wield the Bill of Rights in much the same way that the fourteenth amendment was used during the Progressive era when corporations impeded state governmental regulation with constitutional roadblocks. In this sense, the supposedly defunct doctrine of substantive due process*2 — under which the [*578] Court imposes its own economic views to strike down regulation — retains surprising vitality. Indeed, the current era can be characterized as one of corporate due process. Consider, for example, the following recent Supreme Court decisions: a textile corporation successfully invoked the fifth amendment double jeopardy clause to avoid retrial in a criminal antitrust action;*3 a consortium of major corporations, including the First National Bank of Boston, joined in a first amendment lawsuit that overturned state restrictions on corporate spending for political referendums;*4 an electrical and plumbing concern invoked the fourth amendment to thwart federal inspections conducted under the Occupational Safety and Health Act;*5 and, a California public utility relied on the first amendment to overturn state regulations designed to lower utility rates. * 6Twenty years ago, the corporation had not deployed any of these Bill of Rights provisions successfully."
}
] |
620056
|
what did the first continental congress do in response to the intolerable acts?
|
[
{
"docid": "D16050#0",
"title": "https://history.state.gov/milestones/1776-1783/continental-congress\nContinental Congress, 1774â1781",
"text": "Home Milestones 1776-1783 Continental Congress, 1774–1781Milestones: 1776–1783NOTE TO READERS “Milestones in the History of U. S. Foreign Relations” has been retired and is no longer maintained. For more information, please see the full notice. Continental Congress, 1774–1781The Continental Congress was the governing body by which the American colonial governments coordinated their resistance to British rule during the first two years of the American Revolution. The Congress balanced the interests of the different colonies and also established itself as the official colonial liaison to Great Britain. As the war progressed, the Congress became the effective national government of the country, and, as such, conducted diplomacy on behalf of the new United States. The Continental Congress In 1774, the British Parliament passed a series of laws collectively known as the Intolerable Acts, with the intent to suppress unrest in colonial Boston by closing the port and placing it under martial law. In response, colonial protestors led by a group called the Sons of Liberty issued a call for a boycott. Merchant communities were reluctant to participate in such a boycott unless there were mutually agreed upon terms and a means to enforce the boycott’s provisions. Spurred by local pressure groups, colonial legislatures empowered delegates to attend a Continental Congress which would set terms for a boycott. The colony of Connecticut was the first to respond."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D2604367#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/18582678/history-flash-cards/\nhistory",
"text": "\"50 terms bshunneyhistorychp 4 test Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sortplace where washington's army spent winter of 1777-78 Valley Forgeplaced a tax on colonial newspapers and other printed materials Stamp act Thomas Paine wrote this to urge colonists to break from Britain Common Sensethis explained why the colonies should cut their ties to Britain Declaration of Independencefought on Christmas night in 1776 Battle of Trentonhighest official in a parliamentary government prime ministergroup of armed citizens who serve as soldiers militiato surround an enemy in order to force its surrender siegerefusal to buy certain goods as an act of protest boycottincident in which five colonists were shot by Brit soldiers in 1770 Boston Masacresecond meeting of representatives from the colonies second continental congressdocument asking king George III for a peaceful settlement to the conflict between the colonists and Britain Olive Branch Petitioneighteenth-century movement that emphasized science and reason as the way to improving society Enlightenmentrights that all people are born with natural rightspeople who remained loyal to Great Britain loyalistsbattle in which Washington surprised and captured the Hessian force Battle of Trentonseries of battles in which the Americans attacked Burgoyne's forces and defeated them Battle of Saratogaagreement that formally ended the American Revolution Treaty of Parisselling scarce items at unreasonably high prices inflationfighting that ended when Cornwallis surrendered to Washington Battle of Yorktown What was one result of the Battle of Saratoga? France decided to join the Americans against the British What are the Sugar and Stamp Acts examples of? How the British tried to raise money in the colonies What was a direct result of the Intolerable Acts? calling together of the First Continental Congress What did the Revolutionary War begin with? Battles of Lexington and Concord What is the idea of natural rights? rights belonging to all people because they are humanmost Naive Americans before the war: Distrusted Americans Why did the Americans win the Revolutionary War? they had the determination to outlast the British What were the British-American relations like before the War? The colonists began to question British authoritywhy did many colonists protest the Stamp Act?"
},
{
"docid": "D2906983#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_primary_purpose_of_the_first_continental_congress\nWhat was the primary purpose of the first continental congress?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Founding Fathers What was the primary purpose of the first continental congress? Flag What was the primary purpose of the first continental congress? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. The main purpose of the First Continental Congress was to petition England to give them the rights they expected. The congress was held in response to the Coercive Acts.1 person found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No What was the purpose of the Continental Congress? Answer . It's purpose was to make preparation for war call for peace and declare independence.. Noah Muniz 11 Contributions What was the purpose of the first continental congress? The purpose of the First Continental Congress was to repeal Britain's taxes and overturn any other harsh measures. to make a list of the colonists' rights as englishmen NOVANE …Brian Demper 1 Contribution What was the purpose of the Second Continental Congress?"
},
{
"docid": "D2350901#0",
"title": "http://www.historycentral.com/Revolt/Cont.html\nFirst Continental Congress Meets 1774",
"text": "\"Tweet First Continental Congress Meets 1774\"\"Common Sense,\"\" published in January, argued that the time had come to sever colonial ties with England; and that it was in the American interest to do so. This pamphlet sold 120,000 copies in the first three months and was instrumental in convincing many colonists that the time had come for Independence.. A cry went on among the colonies after the implementation of the intolerable Acts by the British, in response to the Boston Tea Party. Once again colonists called to organize a meeting or Congress of all the colonies, modeled on the Stamp Act Congress. Leaders of the various colonies all agreed that such a meeting was welcome and necessary to coordinate their response to the British actions. The various colonies selected their delegations. The representatives all set out for Philadelphia, the agreed location. Nowhere was the Congress more welcome than in Massachusetts. On May 25th, 1774, the Massachusetts General Court elected members to the Governor's Council. Governor Hutchison vetoed 12 of the members, including John Adams. The governor then left to England for consultations."
},
{
"docid": "D1960165#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/history/did-colonists-want-independent-b569f87bdd6280d6\nWhy Did the Colonists Want to Be Independent?",
"text": "\"History Modern History US History Q: Why Did the Colonists Want to Be Independent? A: Quick Answer The colonists wanted to be independent because they were tired of the British authorities raising taxes on the colonies while not allowing the colonists to have an equal representation in Parliament or allowing colonists to have the same rights as British subjects. Despite the colonists' talks with Britain, nothing changed, and the people of the colonies moved towards independence. Continue Reading Keep Learning What Did the Passage of the Townshend Acts Cause the Colonists to Do? What Were the Suffolk Resolves? What Is a Summary of the Currency Act? Full Answer After the British government raised taxes once again with, the Stamp Act of 1765, the Townshend Tariffs of 1767 and the Tea Act of 1773, the colonists asked for additional representation and equal rights, but were denied. Immediately, the colonial resistance started following the Boston Massacre in 1770 and the Boston Tea Act in 1773. The First Continental Congress was created in September of 1774 with George Washington, Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry and John Jay present. The group met in Philadelphia, and while they did not demand independence, they did demand representation if there was to be taxation and additional rights that they did not have."
},
{
"docid": "D315035#0",
"title": "http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/wwww/us/continentalcongressdef.htm\n.",
"text": "Social Studies for Kids Home • Fun Facts • Glossaries • Newsletter • FAQWho/What/Where/When The Continental Congress Related Terms• John Adams• Patrick Henry• George Washington• Samuel Adams• Benjamin Franklin• Revolutionary War• Declaration of Independence• Articles of Confederation• Intolerable Acts• Marines Definition: Two groups of people from all over the 13 Colonies who came together to discuss liberty. The First Continental Congress was a group of 56 delegates from 12 colonies (all except Georgia) who met in Philadelphia in September of 1774. They came together to act together in response to the Intolerable Acts. They met in secret because they didn't want Great Britain to know that they were united. The Second Continental Congress met in 1775, when the Revolutionary war had started. Things were going badly, and the armed forces were disorganized. The Continental Congress created the Continental Army and named George Washington as commander-in-chief. The Congress continued through the summer. Out of the discussions came the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Marines Corps. Related Resources: Colonial America The backdrop to the story."
},
{
"docid": "D528490#0",
"title": "http://www.ducksters.com/history/continental_congress.php\nAmerican Revolution",
"text": "\"Advertisement American Revolution The Continental Congress History >> American Revolution The Continental Congress was a meeting of delegates from each of the thirteen American colonies. These delegates served as the government during the Revolutionary War. Congress Voting Independence by Robert Edge Pine and Edward Savage The First Continental Congress The First Continental Congress took place from September 5 through October 26, 1774. Delegates from each colony, except Georgia, met at Carpenter's Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They discussed the current situation with Britain including the Intolerable Acts, which the British Parliament had imposed on Boston as punishment for the Boston Tea Party . The delegates took two major actions: 1. They sent a letter to King George III explaining the issues the colonies had with the way they were being treated. They demanded that the King stop the Intolerable Acts or they would boycott English goods. However, the King chose to ignore them and the Americans began the boycott. 2."
},
{
"docid": "D1097346#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/1136635/apush-ch-34-flash-cards/\nAPUSH ch 3/4",
"text": "\"54 terms swimmerhoney16APUSH ch 3/4Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort British Colonial System the colonies held the initiative in local affairs, while the Crown reserved the right to veto actions it deemed to be against national interest. Each colony had a Crown/proprietor-appointed governor and a legislature made up of two houses (one elected and one appointed)proprietary colonies colonies owned by and under the authority of persons who had been given a royal charter to own the land Royal colonies colonies that were owned and governed by the Kingmercantilism an economic system to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interestsfavorable balance of trade an economic situation in which a country sells more goods abroad than it buys from abroad. Colonists supplied raw materials to England and bought large amts of England's manufactured goods in an effort to balance trade Navigation Acts (1660) Laws that governed colonial trade. They controlled exportation of some goods, only to England, and the importation of some goods, only from England. In an effort to create a favorable balance of tradeenumerated articles Under the English Navigation Acts, those commodities that could be shipped only to England or other English colonies; originally included sugar, tobacco, cotton, and indigo Wool, Hat and Iron Acts (1699, 1732, 1750) English laws designed to restrict colonial manufacturing, in an effort to create a balance of trade Molasses Act of 1733 British legislation which had taxed all molasses, rum, and sugar which the colonies imported from countries other than Britain and her colonies. The British had difficulty enforcing the tax; most colonial merchants did not pay it. \"\" Salutary neglect\"\" England's policy of looking the other way when Americans violated the Navigation Acts; resulted from complacency and bowing to the inevitable George Whitefield Preacher who traveled throughout the colonies during the Great Awakening-set off a surge of religious enthusiasm. His different preaching style garnered an emotional response Jonathon Edwards powerful preacher during Great Awakening, his message was of hell and an angry God. '"
},
{
"docid": "D279464#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080917174539AAgcZlS\nWhat was the purpose of the first continental congress?",
"text": "\"Education & Reference Homework Help What was the purpose of the first continental congress?3 following 1 answer Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: The First Continental Congress brought together representatives from each of the colonies, except Georgia, to discuss their response to the British \"\"Intolerable Acts.\"\" In 1774, the colonies held the First Continental Congress. Representatives from each colony, except Georgia, met in Philadelphia. The royal governor in Georgia succeeded in blocking delegates from being sent to the congress. The representatives gathered to discuss their response to the British \"\"Intolerable Acts.\"\" They met to discuss their relationship with Britain, and how to assert their rights with the British government. They wanted to appear as united colonies in their reply to Britain. The purpose of the First Continental Congress was not to seek independence from Britain. First Continental Congress Theme of the First Continental Congress (Source: Library of Congress) The congress had three objectives: to compose a statement of colonial rights, to identify British parliaments violation of those rights, and to provide a plan that would convince Britain to restore those rights. The members agreed to boycott British goods and passed resolutions asserting colonial rights."
},
{
"docid": "D1595073#0",
"title": "http://www.course-notes.org/US_History/Unit_Notes/Unit_Two_1763_1783/New_British_Policy_and_Colonial_Resistance\nNew British Policy and Colonial Resistance",
"text": "\"Home » AP US History » Unit Notes » Unit 02 - 1763-1783New British Policy and Colonial Resistance Printer Friendly New British Policy and Colonial Resistance In order to tighten control over the colonies, Great Britain instated many acts and taxes which enraged colonists who argued that it was unfair to tax them when they had no direct representation in Parliament. This resistance was the beginning of America’s revolt against its mother country.writs of assistance: The royal governor of Massachusetts allowed British revenue officers to use this in 1760 in order to capture goods imported illegally in: It was a search warrant allowing officials to enter buildings in which smuggled goods may be. It required no cause for suspicion and homes were often ransacked. It also contributed to the Revolution. James Otis: He was a colonial leader who was also advocate general of the Boston Vice Admiralty Court in 1756. His opposition to the writs of assistance and Townshend Acts led him to declare that Parliament did not have the right to violate natural rights of colonists. He thus published The Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and Proven. Pontiac’s Rebellion: Ottawa chief Pontiac attacked and besieged ten British forts in May, 1763, in order to keep British out of the Appalachians. An uneasy truce was negotiated by 1764, and as a result, the Proclamation of 1763 was put forth in order for Britain to maintain 10,000 soldiers in the U. S. to occupy French ceded territories. Paxton Boys: This group of Rangers from Pennsylvania Paxton in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, killed some Sasquehannock Indians in 1764."
},
{
"docid": "D3191303#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_Coercive_Acts_do\nWhat did the Coercive Acts do?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History American Revolution The Intolerable Acts What did the Coercive Acts do? Flag What did the Coercive Acts do? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time.you may be wondering what the Coercive Acts did and the answer is it made colonist give shelter,clothing, and beds and other needs to solders and of course they were british.3 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No What were the Coercive Acts? The Coercive Acts closed the ports of Boston until the Leaders paid for the tea that was dumped into the harbor by the Sons of Liberty in 1773. The coervice Act was passed by …What is the coercive acts?loook it up , you cant just rely on other people for answers . What was the coercive act? The coercive actwere a series of four acts established by the Britishgovernment.. What are the Coercive Acts? The Coercive (or Intolerable) Act were a series of four actsenacted by the British Parliament in 1744 to punish the colonistsof early America for the Boston Tea Party. The act …Fwmh 132,612 Contributions What are Coercive Acts?"
},
{
"docid": "D2422511#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/7549921/us-history-test-2-flash-cards/\nUS History Test 2",
"text": "\"301 terms sbiser3US History Test 2From the Revolutionary Period to the Age of Jackson. Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Treaty of Paris, 1763 End of the French and Indian War; Encouraged nationalism - brought Americans closer together and farther away from England. Took a lot of land from France. Proclamation Line Created a boundary line (often called the proclamation line) between the British colonies on the Atlantic coast and American Indian lands (called the Indian Reserve) west of the Appalachian Mountains. Pissed off the settlers. Virtual Representation British governmental theory that Parliament spoke for all British subjects, including Americans, even if they did not vote for its members Sugar Act Law passed in 1764 that modified the 1733 Molasses Act thus reducing the amount of taxes collected on molasses and sugar, but increasing the measures to enforce the Act. Revenue Act 1935 - Increased income taxes on higher incomes and also increased inheritance, large gft, and capital gains taxes. Currency Act an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain (citation 4 Geo."
},
{
"docid": "D528492#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_happened_after_the_first_continental_congress\nWhat happened after the first continental congress?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History American Revolution What happened after the first continental congress? Flag What happened after the first continental congress? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. After the First Continental Congress sent its delegates home in October of 1774, English Parliament discussed the American grievances and general situation, while life continued as normal in the colonies, with patriots continuing to agitate, loyalists continuing to support British rule, British troops continuing to occupy Boston, and most everyone likely wondering what the future might bring. In April of 1775, formal hostilities erupted between the colonies and the home-country, with the Second Continental Congress reconvening the next month -- May of 1775.4 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Mary Rollins 5,621 Contributions What happened at the first Continental Congress in Philadelphia? Answer The congress issued a declaration of rights and organized an economic boycott of England. It also issued the Olive Branch Petition asking the king to redress the col …What happened at the first continental congress? Delegates voted to bon ALL trade with England until the Intolerable Acts were repealed. They also called for all of the colonies to begin training troops for colonial milias."
},
{
"docid": "D3452954#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/FAQ/9462\nThe Intolerable Acts",
"text": "\"Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History American Revolution The Intolerable Acts Unanswered | Answered The Intolerable Acts Parent Category: American Revolution The Intolerable Acts, also known as the Coercive Acts, were a series of laws passed by the British to punish colonies that were openly rebelling. They were triggered by the Boston Tea Party of 1773. Instead of regaining control, the laws only caused more revolt. The situation escalated into the Revolutionary War. Subcategories The Stamp Act of 1765The Stamp Act of 17651 2 3 >What was the relationship between the Boston Tea Party and The Intolerable Acts? If it wasn't for the Boston tea party the toleration act would have never been passed. British general that controlled Boston under The Intolerable Acts?mr.sabo Why did Britain pass new laws that the colonists refurred to as The Intolerable Acts? Britian passed the new law reffured to as the Intolerable Acts because they needed to pay the militia money. In order to do that they had to tax the colonists. What month did The Intolerable Acts begin?febuary The Stamp Act of 1765 affected who?"
},
{
"docid": "D1493308#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/11977058/apush-1774-pre-washington-first-continental-congress-washington-flash-cards/\nAPUSH 1774-pre washington first continental congress--washington",
"text": "\"28 terms 4adancer APUSH 1774-pre washington first continental congress--washington Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort First Continental Congress 1774--Philadelphia Met to discuss their concerns over Parliament's dissoltions of the New York (for refusing to pay to quarter troops), Massachusetts (for the Boston Tea Party), and Virginia Assemblies. It rejected the plan for a unified colonial government, stated grievances against the crown called the Declaration of Rights, resolved to prepare militias, and created the Continental Association to enforce a new non-importation agreement through Committees of Vigilence. In response, in February, 1775, Parliament declared the colonies to be in rebellion Battles of Lexington and Concord Start of the Revolutionary War General Gage, stationed in Boston, was ordered by King George III to arrest Samuel Adams and John Hancock. The British marched here, where they believed the colonials had a cache of weapons. The colonial militias, warned beforehand by Paul Revere and William Dawes, attempeted to block the progress of the troops and were fired on by the British here. The British continued to this other place, where they believed Adams and Hancock were hiding, and they were again attacked by the colonial militia. As the British retreated to Boston, the colonials continued to shoot at them from behind cover on the sides of the road. Second Continental Congress 1776 drafted and signed the Declaration of Independence, which justified the Revolutionary War and declared that the colonies should be independent of Britain."
},
{
"docid": "D1605542#0",
"title": "http://www.definitions.net/definition/first%20continental%20congress\nTranslations for first continental congress",
"text": "\"Freebase (1.00 / 1 vote)Rate this definition: First Continental Congress The First Continental Congress was a meeting of delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies that met on September 5 to October 26, 1774 at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, early in the American Revolution. It was called in response to \"\"The passage of the Coercive Acts\"\" by the British Parliament. The Intolerable Acts had punished Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party. The Congress was attended by 56 delegates appointed by the legislatures of twelve of the thirteen colonies. Georgia declined to send delegates because they were hoping for British assistance with Native American problems on its frontier and did not want to upset the British. The Congress met briefly to consider options, including an economic boycott of British trade; rights and grievances; and petitioned King George III for redress of those grievances. The Congress also called for another Continental Congress in the event that their petition was unsuccessful in halting enforcement of the Intolerable Acts. Numerology Chaldean Numerology The numerical value of first continental congress in Chaldean Numerology is: 2Pythagorean Numerology The numerical value of first continental congress in Pythagorean Numerology is: 2Images & Illustrations of first continental congress Translations for first continental congress From our Multilingual Translation Dictionarypremier congrès continental French Get even more translations for first continental congress »Translation Find a translation for the first continental congress definition in other languages: Select another language: Discuss these first continental congress definitions with the community: Word of the Day Would you like us to send you a FREE new word definition delivered to your inbox daily? Please enter your email address: Subscribe Citation Use the citation below to add this definition to your bibliography: Style: MLA Chicago APA\"\"first continental congress.\"\" Definitions.net."
},
{
"docid": "D1600270#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/10188862/revolutionary-war-flash-cards/\nRevolutionary War",
"text": "\"80 terms dominicbrown1996Revolutionary War Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort The Colonies Organize Resistance to Britain Citizens began to form secret revolutionary organizations to oppose British rule Daughters of the Revolution and the Sons of Liberty The Stamp Act is Repealed August, 1765, Boston - men and women burned the records of the admiralty court and invaded the house of the stamp distributor - they called for either his resignation or his head (mob action)The Stamp Act is Repealed By November 1, every stamp collector had either resigned or promised not to issue any stamps Hundreds of merchants in the three major northern port cities New York, Philadelphia, and Boston signed agreements not to buy British goods until the Stamp Act was repealednonimportation Boycott of British goods The Stamp Act is Repealed Parliament repealed the Stamp Act in March 1766 - and declared the Declaratory Act - parliament's full right to make laws \"\"to bind the colonies and people of America...in all cases whatsoever.\"\" - and Parliament renewed the Quartering Act Charles Townshend new British colonial minister appointed Board of Customs Commissioners Charles Townshend created a Board of Customs Commissioners, reside in Boston - they would be paid by the fines imposed by the admiralty courts - the more they fined, the more they made The Townshend Acts Townshend Act also aimed at New York's failure to comply with the Quartering Act of 1766 - the New York assembly had been providing only part of the money needed to house British troops - the Townshend Act shut down the assembly until the full amount was appropriated American response to Townshend Acts the new taxes did not effect general people in the same way that the stamp tax had - the tax burden fell mostly on merchantsso..the revived the boycott of British imports Samuel Adams member of the Sons of Liberty - Bostonian Politician Tension Grows in Massachusetts in Mass., the customs commissioners were very strict and were opposed by the people, they sent for more troops from Britain The Boston \"\"Massacre\"\" March 5, 1770 competition for jobs between local laborers and poorly paid British soldiers during off duty times - fistfight - Crispus Attucks - one of the five men killed in the massacre Lord North Calms Things Down • Townshend died and was replaced by Lord Frederick North • British merchants were complaining about the colonial boycott of their goods - North convinced Parliament to repeal the taxes on everything but tea. • the boycott (nonimportation) movement failed and business was booming again. The Gaspee and Committees of Correspondence 1770-1773 relative quiet • British customs schooner The Gaspee • The colonists of Massachusetts and Virginia set up Committees of Correspondence to communicate to other colonies about threats to colonists liberties - by 1774 most colonies had also set up these committees The Boston Tea Party early 1773 - the East India Company, which governed the British colonies in India, North pushed an act through Parliament which would give the company a monopoly on the sale of tea in the colonies - leaving merchants out of the tea profit - the tea ships were turned back and the tea ships were unloaded -in Boston, Governor Hutchinson refused to let the tea ships leave without discharging their cargoes - December 16, 1773 a group of colonists threw 15,000 pounds of tea into the Boston Harbor The Intolerable Acts • 1774 Parliament passed a series of acts • Boston was under martial law - General Thomas Gage was appointed Royal Governor of Mass The First Continental Congress George III and Lord North wanted to isolate Mass, but instead they drove the colonies closer together - they sent supplies and information to Mass. The First Continental Congress all of the colonies except Georgia named delegates to a meeting called the First Continental Congress, Philadelphia, 1774The First Continental Congress` Congress was to decide what steps could be taken to defend the colonies against the increasing tyranny -The First Continental Congress • they denounced the Intolerable Acts • they agreed to boycott British imports as well as exports to Britain • they urged the colonies to form militias Thminutemen the colonists were preparing minutemen - (militia men), they were stockpiling guns and firearms Lexington and Concord • April 14, 1775, General Gage got a letter to fight the militia gathering arms at Concord - on April 18, 700 British soldiers set out for Concord, the colonists were warned, the reached Lexington (5 miles short of Concord) in the morning, and they were met with about 70 militia men - someone fired the first shot - they killed 8 minutemen and went on to Concord, took the fort and began to march back to Boston • 3-4 thousand minutemen assembled and fired on the British soldiers - they suffered three times as many consequences as the minutemen Why does America Revolt 1. liberty - political 2. simply transfer of power from far away British elites to American power class that wanted to consolidate its hold over wealth of continent - economic 3. the Enlightenment - philosophy 4. British bungling : Paying off War Deb Sugar Act of 1764 A. tariffs on sugar, coffee, wines & other imports to America B. specifically designed to generate revenue for British Gov't C. King George III & PM George Grenville D. post war depression E. Currency Act - forbade colonies to issue paper money F. James Otis, \"\"free from all taxes but what he consents to in person or by his representative\"\" G. eyes on larger prize: American Freedom H. no real resistance to tax materialized Stamp Act of 1765 A. stiff tariffs on virtually all printed materials - NP, legal docs, cards B. established Vice-Admiralty Courts to try violators C. \"\"Sons of Liberty\"\" - colonists adopt moniker D. virtual representation is English response E. a direct tax F. protests grew loud & violent - riots & mobs a. VA - Patrick Henry drafted VA Stamp Act Resolves b. Boston - Gov. T. Hutchinson's home destroyed Declaratory Act British Gov't right to tax and legislate in all cases anywhere in the colonies Townshend Acts of 1767 Charles Townshend becomes PM & drafts Acts B. Taxed goods imported directly from Britain for the first time mercantilism approved duties on other Euro Nations, not England C. Some tax collected was set aside for payment of tax collectors, meaning colonial assemblies could no longer withhold gov't officials wages to get their way D. Created more Vice-Admiralty Courts & new gov't offices E. Suspended NY Legislature - it refused to comply with law requiring colonists to supply British troops F. Provoked strongest colonial reaction yet Boston Massacre a. British stationed 4,000 troops in Boston (pop. 16,000) b. Soldiers competed with colonists for jobs c. Confrontations resulted d. March 5, 1770 1. mob pelts soldiers with rock filled snowballs 2."
},
{
"docid": "D2503838#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/49252624/american-history-flash-cards/\nAmerican History",
"text": "\"106 terms chollinger1American History Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort John Adams A Massachusetts attorney and politician who was a strong believer in colonial independence. He argued against the Stamp Act and was involved in various patriot groups. As a delegate from Massachusetts, he urged the Second Continental Congress to declare independence. He helped draft and pass the Declaration of Independence. Adams later served as the second President of the United States. Lexington and Concord April 8, 1775: Gage leads 700 soldiers to confiscate colonial weapons and arrest Adam, and Hancock; April 19, 1775: 70 armed militia face British at Lexington (shot heard around the world); British retreat to Boston, suffer nearly 300 casualties along the way (concord)Common Sense a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that criticized monarchies and convinced many American colonists of the need to break away from Britain Regulators These were vigilante groups active in the 1760s and 1770s in the western parts of North and South Carolina. They violently protested high taxes and insufficient representation in the colonial legislature.natural \"\"unalienable\"\" rights the idea that all people have the same rights from birth. Life, Liberty and Property-from John Locke in social contract originally and adapted by Thomas Jefferson in the Declaration and changed to Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happinessconsent of the governed the idea that government derives its authority by the sanction of the people Declaration of Independence the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain Treaty of Paris 1783 The British recognized the independence of the United States. It granted boundaries, which stretched from the Mississippi on the west, to the Great Lakes on the north, and to Spanish Florida on the south. The Yankees retained a share of Newfoundland."
},
{
"docid": "D1821614#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/7573565/apush-chapter-7-flash-cards/\nAPUSH Chapter 7",
"text": "25 terms blevint APUSH Chapter 7Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sortpatronage a system in which benefits, including jobs, money, or protection are granted in exchange for political support. ( not a good system of government- this was something that was fought by the English Whigs)mercantilism the economic theory that all parts of a nation's or empire's economy should be coordinated for the good of the whole state/empire; hence, that colonial economic welfare should be subordinated to that of the imperial power. ( This system was embraced by the British and opposed by many colonists who believed they were being used for the mother country's sole benefit). Remember: there were advantages for the colonists as well Note: British mercantilism promoted any form of free market in the colonies, including preventing them from printing their own paper money. One of the ways in which mercantilism harmed the colonial economy was by inhibiting the development of banking and paper currency in the colonies. British mercantilism enforced restrictions on colonial manufacturing, trade, and paper currency.depreciate to decrease in value; from an economic standpoint, this is the decrease in the buying power of money, which followsd inflation (the increase in the cost of living)veto the constitutional right of a ruler or executive to block any legislation passed by another unit of the governmentmonopoly the complete control of a product or sphere of economic activity by a single producer or business reference examples: Virginia and tobacco, British East India Company and teaadmiralty courts special administrative courts mandated by British rule that were presided over by British judges and had no jury. These were opposed fiercely by the colonists, who saw it as a restriction of their liberties and an imposition on their way of life.virtual representation Grenville's claim that the colonists had virtual representation in British Parliament because MPs represented all British citizens.nonimportation agreement pledges by colonists to boycott any imported British goods- this greatly damaged the British economy, which eventually led to some concessions on the part of the government (temporary) The mobilization of nonimportation policies against the Stamp Act was politically important because it aroused revolutionary fervor among many ordinary American men and women.mulatto a person of mixed African and European ancestryduty (duties) a customs tax on the export or import of goodspropaganda (propagandist) systematic program or particular materials designed to promote certain ideas; sometimes but not always the term is used negatively, implying the use of manipulative or deceptive means Samuel Adams was a colonial propagandist who led protests of British policy in Boston.boycott an organized refusal to deal with some person, organization, or product.inflation an increase in the supply of currency relative to the goods available, leading to a decline in the purchasing power of money (depreciation of currency)desert to leave official government or military service without permission Stamp Act a law requiring certain goods that were being traded in an out of the colonies to hold a stamp that certified tax on these had been paid; this was first imposed by Grenville and violently opposed, so much so that it was repealed forcefully due to colonist protests and enforcing nonimportation agreements against British goods. Townshend Acts proposed to Parliament by Charles Townshend, these were direct taxes on imports on certain goods (including paper, tea, etc. )"
},
{
"docid": "D598774#0",
"title": "http://www.ducksters.com/history/american_revolution/causes_revolutionary_war.php\nAmerican Revolution",
"text": "\"Advertisement American Revolution Causes History >> American Revolution The road leading up to the American Revolution didn't happen overnight. It took several years and many events to push the colonists to a point where they wanted to fight for their independence. Below are some of the key causes of the American Revolution in the order they occurred. The Founding of the Colonies One thing to keep in mind is that many of the American colonies were first founded by people trying to escape religious persecution in England. As the British government became more involved in the affairs of colonies, people began to worry that they would once again lose their freedoms. French and Indian War The French and Indian War took place between the American colonies and New France. Both sides allied with various Native American tribes. This war lasted from 1754 to 1763. British troops not only helped the colonists to fight the war, but were stationed in the colonies for protection after the war. These troops weren't free and Britain needed money to pay for the troops."
},
{
"docid": "D460150#0",
"title": "https://www.bostonteapartyship.com/continental-congress\n",
"text": "The First Continental Congress: The Patriots React To The Intolerable Acts September to October 1774 As the name suggests, the Intolerable Acts were not received well amongst the colonies. Before the shots were fired at Lexington and Concord, the colonies made an attempt to settle the concerns and frustrations raised with the Intolerable Acts through debate and discussion. Thus, the First Continental Congress was called to order on September 5th, 1774. 55 colonial representatives, including famous Patriots like John Adams, Samuel Adams, George Washington, and Patrick Henry, from twelve colonies met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to formulate a plan of action. Georgia was the only colony that did not send representatives. Virginia’s representative, Peyton Randolph, was elected president of the First Continental Congress. It was decided that each colony would be allotted one secret ballot. “That they are entitled to life, liberty and property: And they have never ceded to any foreign power whatever, a right to dispose of either without their consent” ~ Excerpt from the Declaration of Rights Negotiations did not necessarily come easily. While many of the delegates were known for their debate and leadership skills, each colony was accustomed to debating in independent environments at home in their individual colonies. Therefore, some degree of distrust and discomfort was present."
}
] |
620077
|
what did the gag rule prevented
|
[
{
"docid": "D489608#0",
"title": "http://lifeofthecivilwar.blogspot.com/2010/01/gag-rule.html\nThe Gag Rule",
"text": "The Gag Rule House Rule 21, also known as the Gag Rule, prohibited abolition petitions from being read on the floor of the House, passed on January 28th 1840. The House of Representatives adopted a series of rules between 1836 and 1844 banning petitions for the abolition of slavery. Known as the gag rules, they prevented antislavery petitions from having to be read according to usual House procedures. House rules had been that during the first thirty days of each session of Congress was for reading of petitions from the people. Each petition would be read aloud, printed and assigned to committee. Slave owning southern Representatives had no attentions of abolishing slavery and were incensed by the antislavery petitions. The House of Representatives passed the 21st Rule; January 27th 1840, it banned even the acceptance of antislavery petitions. The Rule passed by the slim vote of 114 to 108, being opposed by Northern Democrats and Whigs. The Rule would stand until December 3rd 1844 when all the Northern Whigs, along with three quarters of the Northern Democrats and four Southern Whigs voted to repeal the Gag Rule. Posted by Living In Vermont at 5:46 AM Email This Blog This!"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D2434724#0",
"title": "http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Creator/TomSka\nCreator / TomSka",
"text": "\"Watch Edit Page Related Discussion History More Share Creator / Tom Ska Awesome Creator Funny Heartwarming Trivia YMMVCreate New Tom Ska (real name: Thomas Ridgewell, born June 27, 1990) is a UK-based web filmmaker, producer, vlogger and actor known for his live-action and animated productions, particularly asdfmovies. He also voices his Author Avatar, Tom in Eddsworld and, after Edd Gould's passing, is the main producer and scriptwriter. He has also served as one of the executive producers on Don't Hug Me I'm Scared from episode three onwards. His main You Tube channel is here, his second channel, containing mostly vlogs and behind-the-scenes material is here. He also has a Twitter and Tumblr account. He also made a game called Katata K ( deriving from Cat Attack) that can be purchased for i OS and Android devices. His short film Hit It has its own page. Tropes present in his works or otherwise related to him: Action Bomb: Tom himself is revealed to be one at the end of \"\"HOLY SHIT CATS\"\". Adult Fear: The end of \"\"What Happened?\"\" The basis of the video is that a suicide has taken place."
},
{
"docid": "D1249197#0",
"title": "http://www.dentalfearcentral.org/faq/rubber-dam/\nWhat is a rubber dam and why would your dentist want to use one?",
"text": "What is a rubber dam and why would your dentist want to use one? What is a rubber dam? A rubber dam or dental dam is a rectangular sheet of latex used by dentists, especially for root canal treatment, but also for things like tooth-coloured fillings. If you are allergic to latex, there are non-latex versions available. In dentist-speak, the rubber dam is also referred to as “a special raincoat for teeth”. This is what it looks like (the bit on the right is just packaging to make it look like you get loads): Dental dams come in lots of different colours (green and blue are very popular options). Your dentist uses a hole puncher (similar to the one you use for paper) to make a hole in the sheet for the tooth to be treated. Most commonly, the rubber dam is used for root canal treatment, and only one hole is punched. The sheet may be marked with dots (with each dot representing a tooth) which make it easier to punch the hole in the right place. Your dentist then puts the sheet onto a metal frame to make it easier to place it."
},
{
"docid": "D2698220#0",
"title": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2015/09/ftc-sues-marketers-who-used-gag-clauses-monetary-threats-lawsuits\nFTC Sues Marketers Who Used âGag Clauses,â Monetary Threats, and Lawsuits to Stop Negative Consumer Reviews for Unproven Weight-Loss Products",
"text": "Share This Page Facebook Twitter Linked-In For Release September 28, 2015Tags: Bureau of Consumer Protection Consumer Protection Advertising and Marketing Endorsements Health The Federal Trade Commission is taking action against the Florida-based marketers of a line of weight-loss supplements who allegedly made baseless claims for their products, and then threatened to enforce “gag clause” provisions against consumers to stop them from posting negative reviews and testimonials online. In a complaint filed in federal court, the FTC alleges that Roca Labs, Inc.; Roca Labs Nutraceutical USA, Inc.; and their principals have sued and threatened to sue consumers who shared their negative experiences online or complained to the Better Business Bureau, stating that the consumers violated the non-disparagement provisions of the “Terms and Conditions” they supposedly agreed to when they bought the products. The FTC alleges that these gag clause provisions, and the defendants’ related warnings, threats, and lawsuits, harm consumers by unfairly barring purchasers from sharing truthful, negative comments about the defendants and their products. “Roca Labs had an adversarial relationship with the truth,” said Jessica Rich, Director of the FTC’s Bureau of Consumer Protection. “ Not only did they make false or unsubstantiated weight-loss claims, they also attempted to intimidate their own customers from sharing truthful – and truly negative – reviews of their products. ”According to the FTC’s complaint, the defendants advertised their weight-loss products, Roca Labs “Formula” and “Anti-Cravings” powder, via the Internet and through online search and social media advertising such as Google, Bing, Yahoo, and Facebook. The defendants represented their products as safe and effective alternatives to gastric bypass surgery. They also claimed that users could lose as much as 21 pounds in one month, and that users have a 90 percent success rate in achieving substantial weight loss. In addition, the defendants used testimonials and supposed “third-party” reviews to illustrate the weight-loss success consumers achieved with their products. They solicited “Success Videos” from purchasers by offering to pay 50 percent of the products’ price for providing positive reviews."
},
{
"docid": "D1847142#0",
"title": "http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Series/Pointless\nSeries / Pointless",
"text": "\"Watch Edit Page Add Review Related Discussion History More Share Series / Pointless Awesome Funny Heartwarming Series Trivia YMMVCreate New A game show shown on BBC One (with reruns on Challenge TV), hosted by Alexander Armstrong (of The Armstrong and Miller Show ), with Richard Osman as assistant. It has been broadcast since 24 August 2009. The object of the game is to score as few points as possible by giving correct but obscure answers to survey questions that were asked of the public. The most desirable answers are the \"\"pointless\"\" ones - correct, but not given by any of the survey participants. It works like a reverse version of Family Fortunes note right down to asking the questions to 100 people: \"\"We gave 100 people 100 seconds to name...\"\" Each pointless answer given during the main game adds to a cash jackpot, and the last team standing has a chance to win it by giving at least one pointless answer in the final round. Game Show Tropes in use: All or Nothing: This is softened by the fact that, unusually, all teams have two opportunities to reach the final. Played dead straight if they make the final round first time however. Bonus Round:3 (later 5) categories, pick one, come up with three answers to the question in a minute. Any of them are Pointless, win the jackpot. A new format was added in June 2013."
},
{
"docid": "D2289149#0",
"title": "http://www.snopes.com/media/goofs/heywood.asp\nHooray for Heywood",
"text": "\"Hooray for Heywood Newspaper reporters continue to fall for old funny name gags.27CLAIMNewspaper reporters fall for old funny name gags. RATINGTrue ORIGINThere are certain gags you expect to be old hat to everyone past puberty, such as the standard suite of “ knock knock ” jokes, time-worn setups for prank calls, and funny book title/author combinations. A familiar amalgam of the latter two japes is the giving out of names that appear innocuous in written form or sound plausible when pronounced slowly but produce racy or embarrassing combinations when uttered out loud at a normal speaking pace (e.g., Hugh Jass, Anita Bath, Mike Rotch), a joke usually enjoyed by duping a switchboard operator into paging someone using one of those names. ( This is a running gag that Bart Simpson repeatedly pulls on Moe the bartender in the animated TV series The Simpsons . ) As I said, I’d expect everyone past junior high school to recognize these old routines from miles away, but I’ve been proved wrong before — a few years we found ourselves at a downtown Las Vegas casino on Christmas Eve, and we distinctly heard the switchboard operator issue several pages over the casino’s P. A. system for a “Mike Hunt.” And now we have more apparent confirmation that these gags haven’t quite been killed by familiarity, this one courtesy of a 20 April 2016 Baltimore Sun article that quoted the ubiquitous Jack Mehoff in an article about attendees at a Donald Trump campaign appearance: Supporters of Donald Trump came to Stephen Decatur High School excited, they said, at the opportunity to hear the Republican presidential front-runner without the filter of the news media. They described the real estate developer and reality show star as a candidate who could unite the country. Jack Mehoff, 19, praised Trump as a “hardworking, smart individual that wants the best for all people in this country that are allowed to be here.” ( The article was eventually amended to quote Jack Morris rather than Jack Mehoff. ) Back on 13 April 2003, in an article about a controversial demonstration led by Martha Burk during the Masters golf tournament at the Augusta National Golf Club to protest the club’s exclusion of women from membership, the Charleston Post and Courier reported that one of the protesters taken into police custody had a rather unusual name: Some of that local frustration was evident during the hour-long protest, when people in passing cars shouted derogatory comments like “Burk go home” and honked their car horns in support of Johnson and Augusta National’s refusal to change its policy."
},
{
"docid": "D2789376#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080225123827AAdiiNF\nMy dog keeps gagging but nothing comes out?",
"text": "\"Pets Dogs My dog keeps gagging but nothing comes out?she is a 3 year old black lab and for the past 2 days she keeps gagging like she gonna throw up but nothing ever comes out. im starting to get worried. if i ask my parents to take her to the vet most likely they will say no. what could be the problem? she hasnt had any bones or any toys for a few days so it couldnt... show more14 following 25 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Another way to check for kennel cough is to gently rub on her throat...sort of in the area of the voice box (or bark box) and if that stimulates the gagging or coughing, then that is generally a very good indicator that your pup does indeed have kennel cough. Antibiotics are needed to help treat it and make it go away. If that does not cause her to gag/cough, I would be concerned about heart issues. Some dogs that have fluid around the heart (congestive hear failure) or even heartworms will have this type of symptom, especially upon exertion. An x-ray can generally show heart abnormalities although an ultrasound is better, and a simple blood test can show if your dog is positive for heartworm disease. Either of these are very serious conditions if they are to this point already."
},
{
"docid": "D243362#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/78166671/civil-liberties-rights-ap-gov-flash-cards/\nCivil Liberties & Rights AP Gov",
"text": "\"83 terms anderson_Quzlet Civil Liberties & Rights AP Gov Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort What is difference between Substantive due process and Procedural due process? Substantive involves determining whether a law is fair. Procedural is the method of government action on how the law is carried out. What are rules regarding religious clubs that meet in public schools? They are allowed to meet after Class Hours. Excluding them would be unconstitutional content-based discrimination. \"\" Good News Club v. Milford Central School 2001\"\"What was Chief Justice Warren's reasoning in Brown v. Board of Education? Warren found that \"\"in the field of public education the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place\"\" because \"\"'separate but equal' facilities are inherently unequal.\"\""
},
{
"docid": "D1682833#0",
"title": "http://www.seniortailwaggers.com/older-dog-coughing.html\nOlder Dog Coughing - An Owner's Guide",
"text": "Older Dog Coughing - An Owner's Guide Is your older dog is coughing? Is it the sort of cough that lingers or is chronic? If so, it could be a sign that there's something serious going on 'behind-the-scenes'. Of course there are all sorts of reasons why a dog might cough, many of them pretty simple. But in older dogs it can be more serious, and the cause can often be narrowed down to one of three options. What Causes Coughing In Older Dogs? Of of the three health conditions that are most likely to be at the root of your old dog's coughing, heart problems are at the top of the list. Heart Disease Dogs don't have heart attacks the way we humans do, and the signs of canine heart problems are quite varied, and sometimes very subtle. A persistent cough is just one of them, but it's a good indicator that something isn't right with your dog's heart. Coughing, especially after exercise, when lying down, or on waking up, is a common symptoms of Congestive Heart Failure in dogs."
},
{
"docid": "D1526463#0",
"title": "http://www.contrast.org/hillsborough/trial.shtm\nThe Trial of Duckenfield and Murray 2000",
"text": "\"history who we are campaigns Liverpool FC helpthe disaster homewho we areprofilescontact usaims and objectiveshow to helpour shop in Anfieldmerchandiseour supportersannihilator - bandjustice linksarticlespoemswhat's new?leaflets & stickersminutes silencethe boycottsolicitor negligenceresist Bettison Eileen Mc Bridethe trial Stanley Park rallylibrary documentseuro petition HJC Cup competitions Bowling For Columbine Maxim and FHMSun Boycott Anfield Liverpool FChonours listthe team of 89fanzines Liverpool FC linkshow to helphow we can helpsurvivors supportwitness appealeducation helponline auctions Campaigns - boycott to minute's silence Since forming, as a proactive collection of Hillsborough families, survivors and supporters in Feb 1998, the Campaign has struggled to bring Hillsborough and the continued lack of justice back into the public domain on many occassions. Many people are aware that all clubs now observe a minutes silence on 15th April following the group's letter campaign. In this section you can read on this and other successes the group has acheived, as well as ongoing activites. Click here to find out the latest news. Quick Find - Contact Us The Hillsborough Justice Campaign PO Box 1089 178 Walton Breck Road Liverpool L69 4WR Tel / fax : 0151 2605262 email: [email protected] The Trial of Duckenfield and Murray 2000background | the counts | prejudged | trial | verdict | statement Background to the trial In June 2000 in Leeds Crown Court a Private Prosecution began against David Duckenfield, chief superintendent in charge of policing at Hillsborough on April 15th 1989, and his deputy superintendent Bernard Murray who was in control of the control room at the ground. It is safe to say that the prosecution would not have come about if not for the formation of the Hillsborough Justice Campaign. The HJC was formed by families, survivors and supporters in February 1998. In response to this the Hillsborough Family Support Group set up an associate membership (previously only families were able to join) for survivors though they could not attend meetings and were granted no voting rights. The HFSG had to do something as the grass roots mood in Liverpool was for something to happen as the 10th anniversary of the disaster approached. Particularly after the money raised by the Manic Street Preachers Justice concert - £1M said the newspapers, £400,000 after everyone took their cut said the HFSG."
},
{
"docid": "D1497692#0",
"title": "http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/Ben_Skywalker\nBen Skywalker",
"text": "\"from Star Wars Explained Content approaching. Fate of the Jedi: Ascension, Fate of the Jedi: Apocalypse, Crucible –class. Parts of this article have been identified as no longer being up to date. Please update the article to reflect recent events, and remove this template when finished. Ben Skywalker Biographical information Homeworld Coruscant [1]Born26.5 ABY ( 61:9 ), Errant Venture [2]Physical description Species Human [2]Gender Male [2]Height Below average [3]Hair color Flame-red [4]Eye color Sky blue [5]Skin color Fair; freckled [6]Chronological and political information Era (s)New Jedi Order era [2]Legacy era [1]Affiliation (s)New Jedi Order [1]Galactic Federation of Free Alliances [1]Galactic Alliance Guard [7]The Colony [5]Jedi Coalition [8]Masters Jacen Solo (informal Jedi Master) [1]Luke Skywalker (Jedi Master) [9] [Source]\"\" I'm sure he'll grow up into a fine Jedi Knight… years and years from now. \"\" ―Cha Niathal [src]Ben Skywalker was a Human male Jedi Knight from Coruscant, active mostly during the Second Galactic Civil War and the period afterward. He was the son of former Emperor's Hand and Jedi Master Mara Jade Skywalker and legendary Rebel hero and Jedi Grand Master Luke Skywalker, the grandson of the Chosen One, Anakin Skywalker, and Padmé Amidala, the cousin of Jacen, Jaina and Anakin Solo, and the ancestor of Cade, Kol and Nat Skywalker. Ben was born amidst the turmoil of the devastating Yuuzhan Vong War, where an extra-galactic species known as the Yuuzhan Vong invaded the galaxy, laying waste to dozens of worlds. As both of his parents were Jedi, they were unable to spend time with him as they fought in the war, so Skywalker was taken care of by his aunt and uncle, former Rebel heroes Han and Leia Solo. He was subsequently moved to the Shelter in the Maw, where many other young Jedi apprentices stayed."
},
{
"docid": "D3234614#0",
"title": "http://rcfp.org/digital-journalists-legal-guide/government-censorship-prior-restraints\nGovernment Censorship (Prior restraints)",
"text": "\"Government Censorship (Prior restraints)Has a court ordered you not to print information that you lawfully obtained, or not to report what you heard in open court? From the First Amendment Handbook A prior restraint is an official government restriction of speech prior to publication. Prior restraints are viewed by the U. S. Supreme Court as “the most serious and the least tolerable infringement on First Amendment rights.” The Court repeatedly has found that such attempts to censor the media are presumed unconstitutional. Prior restraints often arise when a judge is concerned about the effect of publicity on a defendant's fair trial rights. In such contexts, judges must apply the “clear and present danger” test, examining whether “the gravity of the ‘evil,’ discounted by its improbability, justifies such invasion of free speech.” The court must look at whether other less restrictive measures would have alleviated the effects of pretrial publicity, and whether a restraining order would be effective in preventing the threatened danger. The \"\"clear and present danger\"\" test also applies in the national security and law enforcement areas. Courts have been reluctant to issue restraints over privacy concerns, and won't do so when information is in the public sphere. Restraints over corporate information are also rare."
},
{
"docid": "D196418#0",
"title": "http://www.livescience.com/34110-gag-reflex.html\nWhat is the Gag Reflex?",
"text": "\"Live Science Health What is the Gag Reflex? By Live Science Staff | August 1, 2012 06:54pm ETMOREThe gag reflex, also known as the pharyngeal reflex or laryngeal spasm, is a contraction of the back of the throat triggered by an object touching the roof of your mouth, the back of your tongue, the area around your tonsils, or the back of your throat. The reflex helps prevent choking, as well as helping to moderate the transition from liquid to solid foods during infancy. By thrusting objects in the throat toward the opening of the mouth, the gag reflex expels substances that the brain has deemed harmful. In the first few months of a baby's life, this reflex is triggered by any food that a region of the brain stem called the \"\"nucleus tractus solitaries\"\" (which is wired to nerve endings in the mouth) judges to be too chunky for a baby's stomach to digest. Starting around the 6- or 7-month mark in babies, the gag reflex diminishes, allowing a baby to swallow chunky or solid foods. In children and adults, the reflex is usually only triggered by the presence of an unusually large object in the back of the throat. However, 10-15 percent of people have a hypersensitive gag reflex (HGR), which continues to get activated by substances in the mouth. Most often, sufferers of HGR gag while eating sticky foods that tend to get stuck in the mouth, such as bananas and mashed potatoes; in extreme cases, oversensitive gagging can cause picky eating or even malnourishment. The reasons why some adults gag while eating are not yet fully understood, but research shows that HGR usually happens in people who did not have solid foods introduced into their diets until after the age of 7 months."
},
{
"docid": "D1080154#0",
"title": "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/muzzle\nmuzzle",
"text": "\"muzzle Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Acronyms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia .muz·zle (mŭz′əl)n.1. The forward, projecting part of the head of certain animals, such as dogs, including themouth, nose, and jaws; the snout.2. A device that is fitted over an animal's snout, often used to prevent biting or eating.3. The forward, discharging end of the barrel of a firearm.4. A restraint on free movement or expression: had a muzzle put on their high spirits.tr.v. muz·zled, muz·zling, muz·zles1. To put a muzzle on (an animal).2. To restrain from expression: tried to muzzle the opposition. [ Middle English mosel, from Old French musel, from Medieval Latin mūsellum, diminutive of mūsus, snout, from Latin mūsum . ] muz′zler n. American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition."
},
{
"docid": "D562192#0",
"title": "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/e/electrical_burns/intro.htm\nElectrical burns",
"text": "Electrical burns Intro Symptoms Causes Treatment Prevention Misdiagnosis Videos Doctors Must Reads in Health Protecting Your Skin During Winter Watch: My Personal Psoriasis Journey Are You Getting The Best Cancer Care? Keeping An Active Lifestyle With COPDLiver Disease? Find a Doc Who Treats PBCAre You Allergic To Your Clothes? Why Psoriasis Treatments Can Fail Electrical burns: Electrical burns: Introduction Symptoms Causes Treatments Alternative Treatments Misdiagnosis Complications Videos Research Latest Treatments Stories from Users Full Contents list Electrical burns: Introduction Burns resulting from an electrical injury. When electricity passes from any source and into the body it can result in burns ranging from minor to extremely severe. The damage may be minor skin damage or may cause damage to internal organs. ... more »Symptoms of Electrical burns Click to Check Tenderness Blistering Redness Erythema Skin burnsmore symptoms...»See full list of 17 symptoms of Electrical burns Treatments for Electrical burns Emergency treatment - call 911 (USA) or other emergency numbers for any electrical accident Do not self-treat electrical burns - always consult your doctor; burns require treatment, and there may be internal injuries. See also treatment of burnsmore treatments...»Read more about treatments for Electrical burns Wrongly Diagnosed with Electrical burns? Misdiagnosis of Electrical burns Failure to diagnose Electrical burns Undiagnosed: Electrical burns Electrical burns: Related Patient Storiesburning in the urethra and tip.. PLEASE HELP!A constant burning in my penial area...chronic cough, gagging, choking, burning, hypersensitivity HELP! Chronic cough, gagging, choking, burning, hypersensitivity Burning in Mississippslight discharge/ burnburns when i ejaculate Burning after surgeryslight burning/morning dischargeso many tests, no diagnosis... electricity seems to affect my vision?burn to blisters Burning from waist down It burns Electrical Tinglingburns when i ejaculatedizziness, vomiting and burningburning after surgerychronic cough, gagging, choking, burning, hypersensitivity I smell burning wires Burning Guten Alternative Treatments for Electrical burns Alternative treatments or home remedies that have been listed in various sources as possibly beneficial for Electrical burns may include: Cold water rinse Comfrey root, calendula and plantain cream Massage therapy Acupressure Aromatherapymore treatments »Electrical burns: Complications Review possible medical complications related to Electrical burns: Unconsciousness Coma Amnesia Tranverse myelitis - if spinal cord is involved Heart attack Permanent nerve damage ( see Nerve symptoms )Rhabdomyolysismore complications...»Causes of Electrical burns Read more about causes of Electrical burns."
},
{
"docid": "D540282#0",
"title": "https://epic.org/privacy/ecpa/\nElectronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA)",
"text": "\"Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA)Background | Fourth Amendment | Reform Proposals | Additional Resources |Top News In Supreme Court Brief, EPIC Backs International Privacy Standards: EPIC has filed an amicus brief in United States v. Microsoft, a case before the US Supreme Court concerning law enforcement access to personal data stored in Ireland. EPIC urged the Supreme Court to respect international privacy standards and not to extend U. S. domestic law to foreign jurisdictions. EPIC wrote, the \"\"Supreme Court should not authorize searches in foreign jurisdictions that violate international human rights norms.\"\" EPIC cited important cases from the European Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Justice. EPIC has long supported international standards for privacy protection, and EPIC has urged U. S. ratification of the Council of Europe Privacy Convention. EPIC routinely participates as amicus curiae in privacy cases before the Supreme Court, most recently in Carpenter v. United States (privacy of cellphone data), Byrd v. United States (searches of rental cars), and Dahda v. United States (wiretapping). ( Jan. 18, 2018)EU Parliament Releases Draft Report on e Privacy Directive: The European Parliament's Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice, and Home Affairs has released a draft report on regulations for privacy and electronic communications. The draft contains several proposals to strengthen online privacy, including end-to-end encryption in all electronic communications and a ban on encryption backdoors. Protecting the privacy of communications is \"\"an essential condition for the respect of other related fundamental rights and freedoms,\"\" according to the report. EPIC has urged the FCC to follow developments with the e Privacy Directive and has recommended the use of end-to-end encryption in applications including commercial e-mail and connected cars. ("
},
{
"docid": "D489609#0",
"title": "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Gag+Rule\ngag rule",
"text": "\"Correct all you're your grammar errors instantly. Try it now.gag rule Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Wikipedia. Related to gag rule: Global gag rule Gag Rule A rule, regulation, or law that prohibits debate or discussion of a particular issue. Between 1836 and 1844, the U. S. House of Representatives adopted a series of resolutions andrules that banned petitions calling for the Abolition of Slavery. Known as gag rules, thesemeasures effectively tabled antislavery petitions without submitting them to usual Houseprocedures. Public outcry over the gag rules ultimately aided the antislavery cause, and the fierce House debate concerning their future anticipated later conflicts over slavery. The submission of petitions to Congress has been a feature of the U. S. political system ever sinceits inception. The First Amendment to the U. S. Constitution guarantees \"\"the right of the people … to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.\"\" First used in England, petitions have beenconsidered an important means for the people to communicate grievances to their representatives or other public officials. When the first gag rule was instituted in 1836, House protocol required that the first thirty days of each session of Congress be devoted to the reading of petitions from constituents."
},
{
"docid": "D2463104#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Patriot_Act\nPatriot Act",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from The Patriot Act)navigation search Patriot Act Other short titles Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001Long title An Act to deter and punish terrorist acts in the United States and around the world, to enhance law enforcement investigatory tools, and for other purposes. Acronyms (colloquial)USA PATRIOT Act Nicknames Patriot Act Enacted by the 107th United States Congress Effective October 26, 2001Citations Public law 107-56Statutes at Large 115 Stat. 272 (2001)Codification Acts amended Electronic Communications Privacy Act Computer Fraud and Abuse Act Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act Money Laundering Control Act Bank Secrecy Act Right to Financial Privacy Act Fair Credit Reporting Act Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952Victims of Crime Act of 1984Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Abuse Prevention Act Titles amended 8, 12, 15, 18, 20, 31, 42, 47, 49, 50U. S. C. sections created 18 USC § 2712, 31 USC § 5318A, 15 USC § 1681v, 8 USC § 1226A, 18 USC § 1993, 18 USC § 2339, 18 USC § 175b, 50 USC § 403-5b, 51 USC § 5103a U. S. C. sections amended 8 USC § 1105, 8 USC § 1182g, 8 USC § 1189, 8 USC § 1202, 12 USC 12 USC § 1828, 12 USC § 3414, 15 USC § 1681a, 15 USC § 6102, 15 USC § 6106, 18 USC § 7, 18 USC § 81, 18 USC § 175, 18 USC § 470, 18 USC § 471, 18 USC § 472, 18 USC § 473, 18 USC § 474, 18 USC § 476, 18 USC § 477, 18 USC § 478, 18 USC § 479, 18 USC § 480, 18 USC § 481, 18 USC § 484, 18 USC § 493, 18 USC § 917, 18 USC § 930, 18 USC § 981, 18 USC § 1029, 18 USC § 1030, 18 USC § 1362, 18 USC § 1363, 18 USC § 1366, 18 USC § 1956, 18 USC § 1960, 18 USC § 1961, 18 USC § 1992, 18 USC § 2155, 18 USC § 2325, 18 USC § 2331, 18 USC § 2332e, 18 USC § 2339A, 18 USC § 2339B, 18 USC § 2340A, 18 USC § 2510, 18 USC § 2511, 18 USC § 2516, 18 USC § 2517, 18 USC § 2520, 18 USC § 2702, 18 USC § 2703, 18 USC § 2707, 18 USC § 2709, 18 USC § 2711, 18 USC § 3056, 18 USC § 3077, 18 USC § 3103, 18 USC § 3121, 18 USC § 3123, 18 USC § 3124, 18 USC § 3127, 18 USC § 3286, 18 USC § 3583, 20 USC § 1232g, 20 USC § 9007, 31 USC § 310 (redesignated), 31 USC § 5311, 31 USC § 5312, 31 USC § 5317, 31 USC § 5318, 31 USC § 5319, 31 USC § 5321, 31 USC § 5322, 31 USC § 5324, 31 USC § 5330, 31 USC § 5331, 31 USC § 5332, 31 USC § 5341, 42 USC § 2284, 42 USC § 2284, 42 USC § 3796, 42 USC § 3796h, 42 USC § 10601, 42 USC § 10602, 42 USC § 10603, 42 USC § 10603b, 42 USC § 14601, 42 USC § 14135A, 47 USC § 551, 49 USC § 31305, 49 USC § 46504, 49 USC § 46505, 49 USC § 60123, 50 USC § 403-3c, 50 USC § 401a, 50 USC § 1702, 50 USC § 1801, 50 USC § 1803, 50 USC § 1804, 50 USC § 1805, 50 USC § 1806, 50 USC § 1823, 50 USC § 1824, 50 USC § 1842, 50 USC § 1861, 50 USC § 1862, 50 USC § 1863Legislative history Introduced in the House of Representatives as H. R. 3162 by Frank J. Sensenbrenner, Jr. ( R – WI) on October 23, 2001Committee consideration by United States House Committee on the Judiciary; Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence; Committee on Financial Services; Committee on International Relations; Committee on Energy and Commerce (Subcommittee on Telecommunications and the Internet); Committee on Education and the Workforce; Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure; Committee on Armed Services Passed the House on October 24, 2001 ( Yeas: 357; Nays: 66)Passed the Senate on October 25, 2001 ( Yeas: 98; Nays: 1)Signed into law by President George W. Bush on October 26, 2001 [1]Major amendments USA Freedom Act The USA PATRIOT Act is an Act of Congress that was signed into law by President George W. Bush on October 26, 2001. [ 1] With its ten-letter abbreviation (USA PATRIOT) expanded, the full title is “ U niting and S trengthening A merica by P roviding A ppropriate T ools R equired to I ntercept and O bstruct T errorism Act of 2001”. [ 2] The abbreviation, as well as the full title, have been attributed to Chris Cylke, a former staffer on the House Judiciary Committee. [ 3] [4]From broad concern felt among Americans from both the September 11 attacks and the 2001 anthrax attacks, Congress rushed to pass legislation to strengthen security controls. On October 23, 2001, Republican Rep. Jim Sensenbrenner introduced H. R. 3162 incorporating provisions from a previously sponsored House bill and a Senate bill also introduced earlier in the month. [ 5] The next day, the Act passed the House 357 to 66, [6] with Democrats comprising the overwhelming portion of dissent. The three Republicans voting 'no' were Robert Ney of Ohio, Butch Otter of Idaho and Ron Paul of Texas. On October 25, the Act passed the Senate by 98 to 1, the only dissident being Russ Feingold of Wisconsin. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1173466#0",
"title": "http://www.diyhomeremedies.org/how-to-make-yourself-throw-up/\nHow To Make Yourself Throw Up Easily",
"text": "Advertisement121How To Make Yourself Throw Up Easily Looking for easy ways to make yourself throw up? Inducing vomiting is an easy process; if you are already feeling nauseating and try to induce vomiting then it become really quick. Advertisement There are many instances when we strongly feel the need to throw up our stomach content. For example, when we eat something that we can’t digest easily, excessive drinking of alcohol, food products that cause sour stomach etc…But whatever reason it can be, the first thing you should do is to contact nearest poison control center. They will guide you on whether it is good for you to induce vomit or not. Because there are many situations where inducing vomiting is not a viable option & in such cases, it is better not to vomit. If you could not able to contact nearest poison control center then you should possibly check the reason for feeling seek. Is it overeating, excessive alcohol consumption? or the seafood that you eat few minutes before? Is there any other symptom that accompanies nausea? ("
},
{
"docid": "D3234612#0",
"title": "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Prior+Restraint\nPrior Restraint",
"text": "\"Prior Restraint Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Wikipedia . Prior Restraint Government prohibition of speech in advance of publication. One of the fundamental rights guaranteed by the First Amendment to the U. S. Constitution is thefreedom from prior restraint. Derived from English Common Law, the rule against prior restraintprohibits government from banning expression of ideas prior to their publication. The rule againstprior restraint is based on the principle that Freedom of the Press is essential to a free society. Attempts by government to obtain a prior restraint have largely been unsuccessful. The rule against prior restraint was undisputed for much of U. S. history. The landmark case of near v. minnesota, 283 U. S. 697, 51 S. Ct. 625, 75 L. Ed. 1357 (1931), finally settled the issue, with the U. S. Supreme Court finding that the First Amendment imposed a heavy presumption against thevalidity of a prior restraint."
},
{
"docid": "D3243989#0",
"title": "http://www.dogaware.com/articles/wdjheartwormtreatment.html\nHeartworm Treatment in Dogs",
"text": "\"Home > Articles > Heartworm Treatment Heartworm Treatment in Dogs Get the worms out: Treatment for heartworm infection is critical, though risky. Article by Mary Straus, published in the Whole Dog Journal, April 2006Contents Introduction Staging the Infection Heartworm Treatments Immiticide (Fast Kill)Advantage Multi and Heartgard (Slow Kill)Other Heartworm Treatments Additional Information The Damage Done Sidebars Update: Wolbachia Stories from the Front: Treating Rescue Dogs for Heartworm Resources Also see these related articles: Heartworm Prevention in Dogs Shortage of Immiticide for Heartworm Treatment (WDJ April 2010 and October 2011)Update on Doxycycline and Heartworm Disease (WDJ August 2009)See also: Heartworm Disease in Dogs: Prevention and Treatment Introduction Whether or not you choose to use conventional heartworm preventatives, there is always the possibility that you may one day find yourself with a heartworm-positive dog, and be faced with the decision of how to treat it. Unfortunately, there is no one right answer when it comes to heartworm treatment. Decisions must be tailored to the individual dog, taking into account both the extent of the heartworm infestation, and the dog’s overall age, activity level and health. There are a number of reasons why someone may have a dog that is heartworm-positive. One of the most common is adopting a dog with an unknown history. Especially in the South where heartworm is ubiquitous, most dogs that are not given heartworm preventative regularly will be test positive for heartworm. There is also a small chance that your dog could become infected with heartworms if you choose to extend the time between doses of the heartworm preventative you give your dog beyond what is recommended on the label, if you give less than the recommended dose, or if your dog should vomit up the pill without your knowledge. Your dog has a much higher risk of becoming infected with heartworms if you choose not to use preventatives or if you use alternative methods that have not been shown to be effective. It is important to understand that heartworm infections are not detectable until about six months after a dog has been bitten by a heartworm-infected mosquito. ("
}
] |
620089
|
what did the great leap accomplish
|
[
{
"docid": "D997880#0",
"title": "http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/960314/china.shtml\nChina's Great Leap Forward",
"text": "\"China's Great Leap Forward As a child growing up in rural China, Dali Yang, Assistant Professor in Political Science, heard the stories of his parents and others about the horrors of the Great Leap Forward, a time of suffering for China that came soon after the Communist revolution in 1949. \"\" My parents were peasants who worked in the field. We grew wheat in the area where I lived, and they were part of a production team,\"\" said Yang, who was born in 1964, three years after the Great Leap Forward had ended. \"\" They would often bring up the topic of the Great Leap famine and tell how bad things were during that time. \"\" Yang's curiosity about the period led him to write the book Calamity and Reform in China: State, Rural Society and Institutional Change Since the Great Leap Famine, to be published this spring by Stanford University Press. The book, one of the first major works to analyze the period, relates how the Great Leap Forward and the subsequent famine still influence China today. Unlike the later Cultural Revolution, which is well known in the West, the Great Leap Forward has been less of a focus for research by Western scholars -- yet, according to Yang, it was one of the most influential periods of Chinese history. It was the pivotal event that led China to adopt reforms in rural areas after Mao's death in 1976, resulting in the dismantlement of the people's communes that the Chinese government had fervently advocated during the Great Leap Forward. Communist dream leads to mass death The Great Leap Forward was begun in 1957 by Chairman Mao Zedong to bring the nation quickly into the forefront of economic development. Mao wanted China to become a leading industrial power, and to accomplish his goals he and his colleagues pushed for the construction of steel plants across the country."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D997882#0",
"title": "http://monthlyreview.org/commentary/did-mao-really-kill-millions-in-the-great-leap-forward/\nDid Mao Really Kill Millions in the Great Leap Forward?",
"text": "Did Mao Really Kill Millions in the Great Leap Forward?by Joseph Ball (Sep 21, 2006)Joseph Ball lives in England and has been involved in political activism and trade union activism for twenty years. His main interests lie in research into the organization of socialist economies. Over the last 25 years the reputation of Mao Zedong has been seriously undermined by ever more extreme estimates of the numbers of deaths he was supposedly responsible for. In his lifetime, Mao Zedong was hugely respected for the way that his socialist policies improved the welfare of the Chinese people, slashing the level of poverty and hunger in China and providing free health care and education. Mao’s theories also gave great inspiration to those fighting imperialism around the world. It is probably this factor that explains a great deal of the hostility towards him from the Right. This is a tendency that is likely to grow more acute with the apparent growth in strength of Maoist movements in India and Nepal in recent years, as well as the continuing influence of Maoist movements in other parts of the world. Most of the attempts to undermine Mao’s reputation centre around the Great Leap Forward that began in 1958. It is this period that this article is primarily concerned with. The peasants had already started farming the land co-operatively in the 1950s."
},
{
"docid": "D2989551#0",
"title": "http://dorothyrawlinson.com/how-to-explain-being-self-employed-on-your-resume/\nHow To Explain Being Self Employed On Your Resume",
"text": "How To Explain Being Self Employed On Your Resume Writing these posts is a lot of fun for me and I wanted to thank you for all the great and positive feedback that I have received. I’m really glad that this website makes some people laugh (and hopefully never cry) but mainly helps people demystify the interview process and makes writing a resume and cover letter a little easier. Ask Dorothy!I would like to take this time and remind you that you can ask me anything……well, ask me anything about the recruitment process, how to write a fantastic resume, how to create a jaw dropingly great cover letter, where to find the love of your life etc. I’m serious (not serious about finding the love of your life cause I can’t do everything people!) just contact me and ask away, don’t be shy just Ask Dorothy. Here’s a great question from an avid and long time reader who has recently subscribed to my newsletter, which means he’s smart too Question: What is the best way to convey strong experience through self employment on your resume? I thought this was a great question and a great post idea as I’m sure many people are wondering the same thing. This is how I would deal with this challenge and keep in mind I’m currently self employed and listen to my own advice. I Don’t Play well with Others Unfortunately being self employed has a negative connotation because it looks like working for someone else was something that you did not enjoy or prefer. So your job is to make that decision and that time in your life a very positive one."
},
{
"docid": "D807022#0",
"title": "http://www.tabernacleofmoses.org/chapter4.html\nSPIRITUAL EYES",
"text": "\"SPIRITUAL EYES (Chapter 4)\"\"Now the Egyptians are men, and not God; and their horses flesh, and not spirit.\"\" ( Isa 31:3a)IN THE BEGINNINGIn the Garden of Eden before the fall, Adam and the woman communed with God. They did not speak with vocal words, they \"\"understood,\"\" they were in total harmony with God. They had spiritual eyes. That is a fact! How do we know that? Well, let us look at Genesis 3 before the fall:*And the serpent said unto the woman, Ye shall not surely die: For God doth know that in the day ye eat thereof, THEN YOUR EYES SHALL BE OPENED, and ye shall be as gods, knowing good and evil. And when the woman SAW that the tree was good for food, and that it was pleasant to the EYES, and a tree to be desired to make one wise, she took of the fruit thereof, and did eat, and gave also unto her husband with her; and he did eat. ( Gen 3:4-6)We note that the serpent said to the woman \"\"then your eyes shall be opened.\"\" Do we conclude then that she was presently blind?"
},
{
"docid": "D3519266#0",
"title": "https://www.si.com/nba/point-forward/2013/02/13/nba-slam-dunk-contest-michael-jordan-vince-carter-dwight-howard\nThe 10 greatest Slam Dunk Contests",
"text": "\"The dunk contest has benefited from the presence of (from left) Spud Webb, Dominique Wilkins, Michael Jordan, Vince Carter and Dwight Howard. ( Andrew D. Bernstein/NBAE via Getty Images [2]; John Swart/AP; Jed Jacobsohn/Getty Images; Nathaniel S. Butler/NBAE/Getty Images)By Ben Golliver At its best, the NBA Slam Dunk Contest is a spectacle that makes you jump out of your seat, shove the person sitting next to you like you're in a rave and scream random noises like Kenny Smith does. At its worst, the dunk contest can be a train wreck, a bore or a total conundrum. The NBA has held 27 dunk contests since 1984, skipping the event in 1998 and losing All-Star Weekend to a lockout in 1999. The Point Forward already counted down the five worst dunk contests. Now it's time to rank the 10 best. Each contest was rated out of 50 possible points. The following five criteria were used, based on a 1-to-10 scale.1. Star presence: Did big names participate? Did they do well?2. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D1806830#0",
"title": "http://phlebotomistcareertraining.com/what-kind-of-degree-does-a-phlebotomist-need/\nWhat Kind Of Degree Does A Phlebotomist Need",
"text": "\"What Kind Of Degree Does A Phlebotomist Need Contrary to other lab professionals, the job of a phlebotomist is centered on is working face to face with. It goes without saying that, gathering a blood draw from difficult patients can be quite demanding. Therefore, having to soothe tearful patients and at the same time collect blood required for screenings and tests is a challenge that all phlebotomists have to prepare for and acknowledge. The main reasons why patients are worried about visiting a phlebotomist’s laboratory. Possibly because they have never been through a venipuncture, or if they have, the previous visit was not pleasant at all. Patients who have never had a blood draw are the likely ones to arrive at the office with misgivings about the process, usually from family who have prior bad experiences, or others who might be dressing up or telling bare faced untruths about the agony from the experience. The role therefore of the phlebotomist have their work pre-determined specifically when their patient is terrified of needles. Below, we take a look at several valuable suggestions on how to control a patient’s fear when collecting a blood sample. The provider does not necessarily have to be someone who has observed you with You will need to submit official transcripts to CASPA for all EMT, phlebotomist, pharmacy technician, etc. While this is not a requirement to obtain direct patient contact,Matching School Ads Colorado Technical University Online CTU can help you connect to what matters most: a powerful professional network, faculty who are real-world professionals and innovative technology."
},
{
"docid": "D1945214#0",
"title": "http://www.codingdojo.com/blog/microsoft-leap/\nSix Coding Dojo Alumni Enter the Microsoft LEAP Program",
"text": "Six Coding Dojo Alumni Enter the Microsoft LEAP Program June 30, 2016Close to 30 hopefuls across the country competed for a coveted spot in Microsoft’s LEAP (Engineering Acceleration Program) software engineering apprenticeship program. Luckily, six talented Coding Dojo alumni made the cut (featured above: Ben Mier, Kabir Kahn, Anya Clawson, Porsha Robinson, Mark Donahue and Lucas Hudson). This week kicked off the 16 week program where LEAP participants will be contributing to product teams across Microsoft, including Xbox and Microsoft CRM. One Coding Dojo alum, Ben Mier, shares more on the LEAP program and how Coding Dojo helped pave the pathway to his dream company!Q&A with Benjamin Mier, LEAP Software Engineering Apprentice at Microsoft and Coding Dojo Alum What were you up to before attending Coding Dojo? Before attending the bootcamp I had a B. S in Applied Physics and M. S. in Electrical Engineering, with a few college programming courses in various languages. I had worked as a telecom engineer for a small company and an electrical design & analysis engineer for Boeing. Could you share what the other Coding Dojo alumni, and now apprentices, were doing before they decided to pursue a career in programming? They each come from very different walks of life! Anya is a Russian translator with a Ph D in linguistics; Kabir is a recent high school grad; Lucas is a recent college grad from North Carolina who studied economics and philosophy; Porsha has has a degree in computer networking and information systems security, and worked in IT for 10 years before reinventing her career after contributing to an open source web project called She’s Coding; and Mark is a University of Washington history grad and was a German translator and content manager in Germany. Why did you decide to attend a coding bootcamp?"
},
{
"docid": "D3431615#0",
"title": "http://www.lifehack.org/316319/16-reasons-why-infjs-are-very-likely-highly-successful\n16 Reasons Why INFJs Are Very Likely To Be Highly Successful",
"text": "Success16 Reasons Why INFJs Are Very Likely To Be Highly Successful Niklas Goeke Niklas is a writer. Full Bio Learning I was an INFJ (the personality type—introverted intuitive feeling judging) was one of the biggest lessons I learned about myself last year. As the Greek saying goes: Know thyself. I found being aware of my personality type (and the specific traits that come with it) made a huge difference in terms of how I approached life, work, and relationships. Did you recently find out you’re an INFJ, too? Or have you known all along? Either way, chances are that your very rare and special personality type will get you far in life. Here are 16 reasons why INFJs are very likely to go on to be highly successful people.1. They are great thinkers I’m pretty sure most of the ancient Greek philosophers, like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, were INFJs. They are great at contemplating and really think through everything from start to finish, considering every possible angle."
},
{
"docid": "D3064398#0",
"title": "https://www.earnthenecklace.com/did-donald-trump-win-the-election-what-states-has-donald-trump-won-victory-speech/\nDid Donald Trump Win The Election? What States Has Donald Trump Won in?",
"text": "Did Donald Trump Win The Election? What States Has Donald Trump Won in? By : Caroline John - November 9, 2016Facebook Twitter Google+ Share Photo: Win Mc Namee / Staff /Getty Images Advertisement Advertisement Donald Trump is surprising everyone by leaping ahead in this election. He has won the electorate votes of four states, clearing his path to the White House. Republican candidate Donald Trump has leaped ahead in the election. Trump has won four states that were hotly contested battlegrounds. His rapid progression has stunned pollsters who didn’t think he’d get this many votes. The New York businessman has greatly hurt Hillary Clinton’s chances to reach the White House. What states has Donald Trump won? Will Donald Trump win the election to become the 45th President of the United States?"
},
{
"docid": "D1169906#0",
"title": "http://www.directionjournal.org/39/1/great-emergence-how-christianity-is.html\nThe Great Emergence: How Christianity is Changing and Why",
"text": "Previous | Next Spring 2010 · Vol. 39 No. 1 · pp. 113–115Book Review The Great Emergence: How Christianity is Changing and Why Phyllis Tickle. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 2008. 172 pages. Reviewed by Vic Froese Phyllis Tickle takes on the ambitious task of constructing a narrative that brings the historical/cultural significance of the Emergent/Emerging conversation into fuller relief. Her book is an historical and sociological exploration of the movement’s relation to what she calls “The Great Emergence,” a massive cultural upheaval of a type that occurs only once every five hundred years and which is upon us now. Specifically, Tickle aims to answer three questions: What is “The Great Emergence”? How did it come to be?"
},
{
"docid": "D3101882#0",
"title": "http://theeverygirl.com/feature/jill-dailey-of-the-dailey-method/\nJill Dailey of The Dailey Method",
"text": "Jill Dailey of The Dailey Method Career & Finance April 25, 2013Jill Dailey Mc Intosh has always been fascinated with movement. With a degree in Kinesiology and comprehensive and extensive movement-based experience, she transformed her love of fitness and movement into a workout which has changed the lives of dedicated fans worldwide. Jill is the founder, lead teacher, and devotee of The Dailey Method—a unique barre based class featuring strong elements of Pilates, ballet, and yoga. Just five minutes into the hour-long class and we guarantee you will already feel your muscles shake and burn. Instructors focus on small, repetitive movements and proper alignment (frequently adjusting clients during class) to work the lowest level of the muscle to sculpt in the most efficient and effective way possible. This full body workout, accompanied by energizing music, personal alignment instruction, and stretching, has devotees working tirelessly to see their own bodies transform into the long, lean dancer’s bodies of their dreams. After first being introduced to the Lotte Berk Method in New York over 10 years ago, Jill immediately fell in love with the method and began incorporating these moves into her personal training. After noticing improvements in both her clients’ bodies and her own, she decided to introduce the barre-based workout to California. Drawing on her past movement-based specialties, Jill created The Dailey Method, combining the barre-method with her kinesiology education and professional training experience while adding her own West Coast flair. Since opening her first studio 13 years ago in San Francisco, The Dailey Method has grown beyond the Bay Area and has expanded into almost 50 studios in eight different states across the country and four international locations."
},
{
"docid": "D228415#0",
"title": "https://espn.go.com/sportscentury/features/00016079.html\n.",
"text": "\"King Carl had long, golden reign By Larry Schwartz Special to ESPN.com Carl Lewis has always amazed us. By distinguishing himself in two seemingly simple actions -- jumping and running -- for the longest time, he became unlike any competitor. With his unsurpassed talent in the long jump and his speed in the sprints, he has gone places where no other track and field athlete has ever visited. Carl Lewis capped his remarkable Olympics career by winning gold in the long jump at Atlanta in 1996. He didn't lose in the long jump for a decade, winning 65 consecutive competitions. He won four gold medals at the 1984 Olympics, equaling the 1936 accomplishment of his hero, Jesse Owens. He sped to a world record in the 100 meters. And then, when it appeared to be time for him to leave the jumping to younger athletes, he fooled us. \"\" You try to give a man a gold watch, and he steals your gold medal instead. You ask him to pass the torch, and he sets your Olympics on fire,\"\" Sports Illustrated's Rick Reilly wrote about Lewis, at the age of 35, winning his fourth consecutive Olympic long jump in 1996."
},
{
"docid": "D2066274#0",
"title": "http://streetswing.com/histmain/z3cosck1.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Cossack, Russian & Slavic dances Kazaks ( Russian) or Kazoks ( Ukrainian) are better known throughout the United States as Cossacks ( Turkic word meaning Outlaw, Adventurer or freebooter /freeman). These Cossacks developed from Southern Russia and the Ukraine from the 15th to early 20th Centuries. The ordinary dance of Russians is mainly of very ancient Slavonian ( Croatia) origin, mixed with some Tatar ( Mongoliantribe) elements. It has nothing in common with the existing country dances of Europe. It has no whirling or leaping, but is marked by the gentle, one might say tender, walk of the woman and by much bowing on the part of the man, who sometimes bends his knee and rises again suddenly. Whoever has seen Chinese, Mongols, and other Tartars dance, recognized in the Russian art many of the steps. Russian Dance Kalinka Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video. Originally, these Russian dances had less correspondence with the manners of neighboring people, in spite of their climate, with its extremes of heat and cold, in spite of the northern element of their character, the Russian had no very energetic dance. His conditions of life had been too oppressed. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D1563993#0",
"title": "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/irene-s-levine/katie-lee-groundswell_b_898106.html\nTalking to Author Katie Lee About Love, Friendship, and Betrayal",
"text": "Katie Lee Photo credit: Patrick Cline Groundswell is Katie Lee’s first novel. This romantic story is about a struggling young screenwriter, Emma Guthrie, who is suddenly thrust into a world of wealth and celebrity when she falls in love with a dashing actor. Emma marries and seems to be living a fairy tale life until she accidentally learns her husband, Garrett Walker, has been sleeping with her friend. The couple’s bitter divorce plays out very publicly in the media as Emma’s self-esteem and trust are sapped by this unthinkable betrayal — by both her husband and friend (somewhat reminiscent of the true story of Shania Twain). Emma retreats to a small town in Mexico to heal, and unexpectedly discovers an inner strength that allows her to rebuild her life and find a deeper type of love. While the story is fictional, it offers an interesting glimpse into the lifestyles of the rich and famous. At the same time, the book also grapples with the real issues women face — famous or not — as they search for lovers, friends, and their sense of selves. I found the book hard to put down once I started it. It’s a great book to get lost in at the beach or in your backyard this summer. A little bit about the author: Katie Lee is an accomplished cookbook author and food critic."
},
{
"docid": "D420952#0",
"title": "http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap2000000325547/article/at-nfl-scouting-combine-speed-is-king-for-cornerbacks\nAt NFL Scouting Combine, speed is king for cornerbacks",
"text": "As much as the NFL Scouting Combine is about numbers -- a player's time in the 40, his vertical leap, his bench-press reps -- it's really an event that comes down to history. More than anything, what teams are trying to figure out is how prospects measure up in specific workouts that, based on history, have been important indicators for success or failure in the NFL. NFL Scouting Combine» Participants | Top performers | Results tracker Combine coverage: » Winners and losers: Day 1 | Day 2 | Day 3 | Day 4 » Mayock takeaways: Day 1 | Day 2 | Day 3 | Day 4 » What we learned: Day 1 | Day 2 | Day 3 | Day 4 » Brandt: Nine standouts from the combine » 25 things we learned from the combine » Schein: Truths and myths from 2014 combine Photos: » NFL Scouting Combine | Portrait session | Top 10 » Combine: Mind-blowing stats | Through the years » Combine's best: The 40 | Bench press | Broad jump Video: » Mayock explains importance of combine workouts » Standout performances: Offense | Defense Here's an example to illustrate this point. Let's say there's a good quarterback prospect out there, and he's got small hands that measure under nine inches. History tells us that we've had only one quarterback since 1983 whose hands measured under nine inches who started in the NFL. That's one quarterback in more than 30 years -- would you want to buck those odds? There's a reason behind every drill that's performed at the combine, and every position (there's 13 of them) has its own specific set of drills that are important. But the main goal behind these drills is the same -- you're trying to find a way to separate large groups of players who look alike on the surface, and you accomplish this by comparing them in drills that, for years, have been good measuring sticks for the NFL. Let's focus on cornerbacks. People have begun to emphasize the size of cornerbacks recently, especially because of the success of the Seahawks ' big corners."
},
{
"docid": "D2600774#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_were_some_of_Neil_Armstrong's_accomplishments\nWhat were some of Neil Armstrong's accomplishments?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Technology Space Travel and Exploration Astronauts Neil Armstrong What were some of Neil Armstrong's accomplishments? Flag What were some of Neil Armstrong's accomplishments? Answer by Grevillea Confidence votes 49.8KOne of Neil Armstrong's accomplishments is being the first man to walk on the moon on the Apollo 11 mission, of which he was Commander. His famous words were: \"\"One small step for [a] man One giant leap for mankind.\"\" He became a pilot at the age of 16 and studied aeronautical engineering at Perdue. He made the Eagle rank in Boy Scouts. He flew 78 missions in the Korean War.6 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Hihihihi54 5 Contributions What are Neil Armstrong's accomplishments? One of Neil Armstrong's accomplishments is that he proved to NASA and to science that it is possible for people to walk on the moon and the Gemini 8 misson. Mathman 45 Contributions What were some of Neil Armstrong's Jobs?"
},
{
"docid": "D886420#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leap_of_faith\nLeap of faith",
"text": "\"Leap of faith From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other uses, see Leap of faith (disambiguation). A leap of faith, in its most commonly used meaning, is the act of believing in or accepting something outside the boundaries of reason. [ 1] In the case of religious belief, it is to believe in a subjective truth about the meaning of life, [2] to believe in something that cannot be objectively confirmed in this world. Many religions consider faith to be an essential element of piety. Contents [ hide ]1 Overview2 The leap into sin and into faith3 The appropriation of faith4 Kierkegaard, Goethe, Marx, and Tolstoy5 You are the one6 Notes7 References8 Bibliography9 External links Overview [ edit]See also: Jumping to conclusions The phrase is commonly attributed to Søren Kierkegaard; however, he never used the term, as he referred to a qualitative leap. A leap of faith according to Kierkegaard involves circularity insofar as the leap is made by faith. [ 3] In his book Concluding Unscientific Postscript, he describes the core part of the leap of faith: the leap. “ Thinking can turn toward itself in order to think about itself and skepticism can emerge. But this thinking about itself never accomplishes anything.” Kierkegaard says thinking should serve by thinking something."
},
{
"docid": "D1699567#0",
"title": "https://www.muscleprodigy.com/top-25-most-athletic-freaks-of-all-time/\nTop 25 Most Athletic Freaks of All Time",
"text": "Top 25 Most Athletic Freaks of All Time Muscle Prodigy | March 5, 2015 | Top 10 Lists We went through all the sports and examined those athletes who demonstrate the most freakish, athletic ability. Think of it like this…if you ran a sports team and you needed a pure athlete, these are the guys you would want on your team from a pure athletic standpoint. This is not a greatest athletes list, but simply looking at it from a genetic standpoint. Most of these guys worked hard to get to where they were, but a maximal genetic envelope often plays the biggest role in this list. We narrowed the list down to the top 25 biggest athletic freaks in history (in order). The term “athletic freak” can be defined as their raw talent in terms of physical giftedness and athletic ability in terms of strength, size, raw power, agility, and durability. The biggest surprise you will notice is that Michael Jordan is not on this list. Jordan became the world’s greatest athlete but he possessed a combination of imperfections. He was not necessarily a true athletic freak who was genetically blessed with innate abilities like raw speed or the quickest cutting ability. Jordan worked and worked to get to where he was, which helped make him the greatest of all time."
},
{
"docid": "D1884820#0",
"title": "http://www.heritage-history.com/?c=read&author=ober&book=magellan&story=death\nDeath of Magellan",
"text": "\"Ferdinand Magellan - Frederick Ober◄ Previous Chapter Next Chapter ►Death of Magellan1521The Queen of Cebu was young and beautiful, one who saw her states, though her lips and teeth were stained deep red from the chewing of betel-nut. Unlike her royal consort, the fat and jovial king, she wore clothing sufficient to drape her figure decently, though her maids of honor \"\"were all naked and barefoot, except for a girdle of palm-leaves, and all with hair flowing free.\"\" These maidens accompanied the queen in order to carry her triple crowns made of palm-straw, like a tiara, of which she displayed several, besides the one she wore on her head. Following the example of the king, she abandoned her idols entirely, but begged Magellan to give her a carved wooden image of Jesus, which he did gladly, telling her to keep it in their place. He then sprayed her with perfumes, and also her women, at which they were exceedingly delighted. That the queen treasured her little wooden image, and after her those who inherited her possessions, may be inferred from the fact that it was found in Cebu more than forty years afterwards, greatly reverenced by the natives, who ascribed many miracles to its presence. Thus the place in which it was found received the name of the \"\"City of Jesus,\"\" and a monastery was founded there, in which the image was preserved. Magellan did not confine himself to the imparting of religious instruction only, but sent a large stock of goods ashore and opened a shop, or market, for barter. Trade was good from the first, and the people were ready to fight for such articles as they were in need of, giving gold for bronze and iron, almost weight for weight. For the less valuable things they gave in barter goats and kids, pigs, fowl, and rice, so that the ships of the fleet once more abounded in plenty."
},
{
"docid": "D3310029#0",
"title": "http://london.sonoma.edu/Writings/WhiteFang/4chapter4.html\nChapter 4 THE CLINGING DEATH",
"text": "\"WHITE FANGPart IV: The Superior Gods Chapter 4 THE CLINGING DEATHBeauty Smith slipped the chain from his neck and stepped back. For once Fang did not make an immediate attack. He stood still, ears pricked forward, alert and curious, surveying the strange animal that faced him. He had never seen such a dog before. Tim Keenan shoved the bulldog forward with a muttered \"\"Go to it.\"\" The animal waddled toward the centre of the circle, short and squat and ungainly. He came to a stop and blinked across at White Fang. There were cries from the crowd of \"\"Go to him, Cherokee!\"\" \"\" Sick 'm, Cherokee!\"\" \"\" Eat 'm up! \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D1858662#0",
"title": "http://www.cawthonscott.com/\nScott Cawthon",
"text": "Scott Cawthon I am Contact Me Actor Musician Artist Engineer An Actor Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Quisque rhoncus arcu in est laoreet, eu consectetur justo auctor. Aenean non velit leo. Aliquam mattis diam eget faucibus luctus. Aenean auctor cursus neque eu fringilla. Sed accumsan venenatis velit sit amet sagittis. Fusce a pharetra ligula, ac commodo massa. Experience Tiffany Talent: 8 week Acting / Audition / Improv AMTC Direct Seattle Workshops AMTC Instructors: Chey Sanders, Jo Ann Smolen, Kim Turner SHINE 2014 Seminars: The Three P’s of Acting Auditions for Older Teen and Adult Actors (David Vando)My Place in the Industry (Jaco Booyens)The Seven Secrets of the Working Actor (Anthony Reimer)TV Commercial Acting: Must Know Advice (Barry Shapiro)The Casting Process: Commercials/TV/Musical Theater (Rob Gorrie)The Best Way to Get Work as an Actor and Commercial Model (Aaronarcus)Landing the Role (Anthony Reimer)Hollywood 101: The Business of Entertainment (Abbie Cobb)Casting Commercials: Secrets of How a Commercial is Cast (Barry Shapiro)Film Acting and Understanding the Business of Show Business (Christian Kaplan)The Wow Factor (Joy Pervis)Interview Day: A VIP’s Advice for All Actors (David Elliott)What You Need to Know about Interview Day (Carey Lewis Arban)Playing Characters with Dark Struggles (Jenn Gotzon)Marketing for the Entertainer (Creating Your Brand) ( Abbie Cobb)Photo Gallery Acting Reel2014 AMTC SHINE Showcases Photography Slate A Musician I hoped to be a full time professional bagpiper and I had the opportunity to do it. My brothers and I attended summer Great Highland Bagpipe camps to get instruction from the world’s leading pipers. Instruction was also available for dances, drummers, and drum majors."
}
] |
620090
|
what did the great white fleet accomplish
|
[
{
"docid": "D386729#0",
"title": "http://military.wikia.com/wiki/Great_White_Fleet\nGreat White Fleet",
"text": "\"Map of the Great White Fleet's voyage (modern political boundaries shown)The Great White Fleet was the popular nickname for the United States Navy battle fleet that completed a circumnavigation of the globe from 16 December 1907 to 22 February 1909 by order of U. S. President Theodore Roosevelt. [ 1] [2]It consisted of 16 battleships divided into two squadrons, along with various escorts. [ 1] [2] Roosevelt sought to demonstrate growing American military power and blue-water navy capability. Hoping to enforce treaties and protect overseas holdings, the U. S. Congress appropriated funds to build American sea power. Beginning with just 90 small ships, over one-third of them wooden, the navy quickly grew to include new modern steel fighting vessels. The hulls of these ships were painted a stark white, giving the armada the nickname \"\"Great White Fleet\"\". [ 3]Contents [ show]Background and purpose Edit Flagship Connecticut: one of a set of commemorative postcards of the ships of the Great White Fleet In the twilight of United States President Theodore Roosevelt's administration, Roosevelt dispatched sixteen U. S. Navy battleships of the Atlantic Fleet on a worldwide voyage of circumnavigation from 16 December 1907 to 22 February 1909. [ 1] [2] The hulls were painted white, the Navy's peacetime color scheme, decorated with gilded scrollwork with a red, white, and blue banner on their bows. These ships would later come to be known as the Great White Fleet. The purpose of the fleet deployment was multifaceted."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D2253845#0",
"title": "http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/WRHARTICLES/pearl.php\n.",
"text": "\"Translate this page Microsoft ® Translator ANNOUNCEMENT!Click This Link During The Radio Show To See The You Tube Live Stream THOUGHT FOR THE DAY! \"\" Oh what a tangled web we weave, when first we practice to deceive!\"\" -- Sir Walter Scott YOUR RANDOM DHS MONITORED PHRASE OF THE DAYBasque Separatists Paid advertising at What Really Happened may not represent the views and opinions of this website and its contributors. No endorsement of products and services advertised is either expressed or implied. While we try to avoid advertisers of fraudulent products, What Really Happened assumes no liability for such fraud. Caveat emptor. PEARL HARBOR - MOTHER OF ALL CONSPIRACIESPEARL HARBORMOTHER OF ALL CONSPIRACIESThe Honolulu Advertiser dated November 30th 1941, one week before the attack on Pearl Harbor. The Hilo Tribune Herald dated November 30th 1941, one week before the attack on Pearl Harbor. BBC Documentary: Sacrifice at Pearl Harbor BBC: Sacrifice at Pearl Harbor - Best Definition - Full Length Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 1:09:29Download Real Video File (42MB)\"\"...everything that the Japanese were planning to do was known to the United States...\"\" ARMY BOARD, 1944President Roosevelt (FDR) provoked the attack, knew about it in advance and covered up his failure to warn the Hawaiian commanders."
},
{
"docid": "D514882#0",
"title": "http://www.sonofthesouth.net/union-generals/sherman/memoirs/general-sherman-march-sea.htm\nMEMOIRS OF GENERAL W. T. SHERMAN",
"text": "\"Quotes of General Sherman | General Sherman in the Civil War | Pictures of General William T. Sherman |General Sherman's Memoirs MEMOIRS OF GENERAL W. T. SHERMANBy William T. Sherman THE MARCH TO THE SEA--FROM ATLANTA TO SAVANNAH--NOVEMBER AND DECEMBER, 1864CONTENTSVolume IIATLANTA CAMPAIGN-NASHVILLE AND CHATTANOOGA TO KENESAW—MARCH, APRIL, AND MAY, 1864ATLANTA CAMPAIGN—BATTLES ABOUT KENESAW MOUNTAIN—JUNE, 1864ATLANTA CAMPAIGN—BATTLES ABOUT ATLANTA—JULY, 1864CAPTURE OF ATLANTA—AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, 1864ATLANTA AND AFTER—PURSUIT OF HOOD—SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER, 1864THE MARCH TO THE SEA--FROM ATLANTA TO SAVANNAH--NOVEMBER AND DECEMBER, 1864SAVANNAH AND POCOTALIGO--DECEMBER, 1864, AND JANUARY, 1865CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS--FEBRUARY AND MARCH, 1865END OF THE WAR--FROM GOLDSBORO' TO RALEIGH AND WASHINGTON--APRIL AND MAY, 1865CONCLUSION--MILITARY LESSONS OF THE WARAFTER THE WARCHAPTER XXI. THE MARCH TO THE SEA FROM ATLANTA TO SAVANNAH. NOVEMBER AND DECEMBER, 1864. On the 12th of November the railroad and telegraph communications with the rear were broken, and the army stood detached from all friends, dependent on its own resources and supplies. No time was to be lost; all the detachments were ordered to march rapidly for Atlanta, breaking up the railroad en route, and generally to so damage the country as to make it untenable to the enemy. By the 14th all the troops had arrived at or near Atlanta, and were, according to orders, grouped into two wings, the right and left, commanded respectively by Major-Generals O. O. Howard and H. W. Slocum, both comparatively young men, but educated and experienced officers, fully competent to their command. The right wing was composed of the Fifteenth Corps, Major-General P. J. Osterhaus commanding, and the Seventeenth Corps, Major-General Frank P. Blair commanding. The left wing was composed of the Fourteenth Corps, Major-General Jefferson C. Davis commanding, and the Twentieth Corps, Brigadier-General A. S. Williams commanding. The Fifteenth Corps had four divisions, commanded by Brigadier-Generals Charles R. Woods, W. B. Hazen, John E. Smith, and John M. Gorse. The Seventeenth Corps had three divisions, commanded by Major-General J. A. Mower, and Brigadier-Generals M. D. Leggett ad Giles A. Smith."
},
{
"docid": "D1703096#0",
"title": "http://www.navyhistory.org/marine-amphibious-landing-in-korea-1871/\nCould not deserialize loaded JSON: SyntaxError: JSON Parse error: Unrecognized token '?' (undefined)",
"text": "A Naval Historical Foundation Publication, 1 January 1966Could not deserialize loaded JSON: Syntax Error: JSON Parse error: Unrecognized token '?' ( undefined)Error ID: 6ugtnbeh0ebrhelp.issuu.com ORIGINAL TEXT OF PAMPHLETMarine Amphibious Landing in Korea, 1871Compiled By Miss Carolyn A. Tyson Historical branch, G-3 Division Headquarters, U. S. Marine Corps. This is the fifth in a series or pamphlets covering events of historical interest which the Foundation has published and issued to its members. The previous issues have dealt with subjects related to Naval ships and personnel. This issue covers an event of significance in the history of the Marine Corps. For its content, the Foundation is indebted to the Corps, and particularly to Miss Carolyn A. Tyson, an Historian in that Division. It seems appropriate for the Naval Historical Foundation to print this publication as an early example of the proficiency of the Marine Corps in Amphibious operations, and the close cooperation that has always prevailed in such operations. The letters from Captain Tilton which appear in this pamphlet have been reproduced to be as near their original content as possible. For this reason, the spelling and punctuation have been unchanged. General Wallace M. Greene, Jr., USMCForeword The assault of Marines and sailors on Kangwha Island in 1871 successfully preceded by some 79 years the landing of the 1st Marine Division on Inchon, Korea, just 12 miles to the north."
},
{
"docid": "D237409#0",
"title": "http://www.ludingtonmichigan.net/\nWelcome to Mason County Michigan History!",
"text": "\"Welcome to Mason County Michigan History!The Seal of the City of Ludington that you see here is from of a door from a safe rumoured to be from the old Ludington City Hall. Purchased at a local auction for $5.00 this steel door nearly became scrap and the painting lost to time. There are windows to our past everywhere, in the photographs in local antique shops, boxes in a thrift shop,in a shoebox in the closet too often our history is thrown away with little regard to it's significance. Many of the photos and items you will see on these pages are from my personal collection and the collections of others that have graciously allowed me to copy and share their albums. I hope that you enjoy them, come back often to see what's new, and that you also invest a few minutes,to save and preserve our history for those to come after us. I am always looking for photos and other items to copy or purhcase for inclusion in the site. These web pages are designed to act as a clearinghouse for genealogical and historical information related to Mason County. This Independent Affiliate site will be linked to worthy organizations which promote free online genealogy. If you would like to contribute information to these pages, volunteer to transcribe, have a home page or genealogy online that we can link with or know of other appropriate links,please contact Dave Petersen, county coordinator. Mason County was formed in 1840 from Ottawa and Oceana Counties."
},
{
"docid": "D3502248#0",
"title": "http://warhammer40k.wikia.com/wiki/Imperial_Navy\nImperial Navy",
"text": "\"\"\" If the Adeptus Astartes are the Emperor's wrath, and the Imperial Guard His hammer, then His Holy Navy is His mighty shield. \"\"— Cardinal Kregory Hestor Imperial Navy Race Mankind Headquarters Mars ( Segmentum Solar) Hydraphur ( Segmentum Pacificus) Cypra Mundi ( Segmentum Obscurus) Bakka ( Segmentum Tempestus) Kar Duniash ( Segmentum Ultima)Government Imperium of Man Leader Lord High Admiral of the Imperial Navy Military Forces Imperial naval forces Establishment Imperial Reformation (31st Millennium)The Imperial Navy is one of the armed forces of the Imperium of Man. While the Astra Militarum ( Imperial Guard) represents the Imperium's ground forces, the Imperial Navy is responsible for the fleets of starships that maintain order between the stars and planets in the Imperium, for all space and air support provided to the infantry of the Astra Militarum, and for transporting those Guardsmen across the galaxy to the Imperium's myriad warzones. The battlefleets of the Imperial Navy are constantly engaging threats both inside and outside the Imperium's borders. Contents [ show]History Imperial Navy vessels during the Great Crusade Early icon of the Imperial Navy Variant Icon of the Imperial Navy During the Great Crusade to reunite all the scattered colony worlds of Mankind beneath the rule of the Imperium of Man, both the Imperial Guard and Imperial Navy were originally a single service: the Imperialis Auxilia ( Imperial Army ). Collectively, these massive war fleets would come to be referred to as the Armada Imperialis. Under this form of organisation, each Imperial Cruiser would have a single Imperial Army regiment assigned to it. Imperial Army regimental commanding officers held command over both their regiment and the warship assigned to them, making a single warship a tactically flexible combined arms unit and minimizing the damage to the Imperium in the event of the loss of a starship, its crew and its assigned troops in the Warp. During the Horus Heresy, however, it appeared that some Traitor Army regiments used the power of the starships at their disposal in order to forge interstellar empires for themselves in the fires of anarchy that swept the galaxy during the seven bloody standard years of the Heresy. This tendency to make use of the power of an Imperial starship combined with that of an Imperial Army regiment to establish tyrannies on many worlds led to the eventual split of the Imperial Army into the Imperial Guard and the Imperial Navy to deliberately foster a bureaucratic and inter-service rivalry between the two."
},
{
"docid": "D3383239#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/Who-was-the-best-military-commander-in-US-history\nWho was the best military commander in US history?",
"text": "\"Military History of the United States of America United States Armed Forces History of the United States of America Military Military History and Wars History Who was the best military commander in US history?22 Answers Erik Carlstrom, Data Analyst (2016-present)Answered Jan 8, 2016 · Author has 88 answers and 41.9k answer views There are some great ones listed. Nimitz, Scott, Grant, Washington, Pershing, etc. All were incredible military leaders. Each had their strengths and weaknesses. Nearly all great leaders have had a bad battler or two. If we ignore the political strengths (Eisenhower, Pershing, etc are all incredible examples of great military leaders who had to lead politically as well in their roles as military leaders) then in my mind this points really to one man, Lewis B \"\"Chesty\"\" Puller. Chesty Puller is a legend in the Marine Corps. With 5 Navy Crosses he is the most decorated Marine ever. Where is strength lay in his ability to command, improvise, and innovate. Time and time again he would take his Marines into combat and win."
},
{
"docid": "D512078#0",
"title": "http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/manama.htm\nMilitary",
"text": "\"Manama [Juffair], Bahrain [Al Manamah] 26°14'10\"\"N 50°34'59\"\"EIt was fortunate for the Navy that the Bahrainis recognized years ago that Juffair would make a good place for future development. The capital, Manama, lies on a small peninsula at the northeast corner of Bahrain's principal island, and the downtown hub hugs the shoreline. The port and Navy base are southeast of downtown, distant from the rest of the island. The U. S. Navy base at Juffair, about 5 miles southeast of Manama, provides onshore offices for the Navy's 5th Fleet, which has aircraft carriers, destroyers and other ships stationed in the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea. The United States has increased its access and its forward presence since the Gulf War, while trying to keep its footprint to a minimum. Bahrain and the United States signed an agreement in October 1991 granting US forces access to Bahraini facilities and ensuring the right to pre-position material for future crises. US forces include a naval component, organized as the Fifth Fleet under a Naval Forces Command headquartered in Bahrain, which regularly includes a battle carrier group and other naval assets. Maritime intercept operation enforce the UN sanctions regime on Iraq, and a Marine Expeditionary Force has pre-positioned equipment in the Gulf. The Air Force has an air wing conducting Operation Southern Watch in southern Iraq, and the United States has forward-deployed Patriot batteries and special operations teams. USAF Prepositioned War Reserve Materiel (WRM) provides support to bare base systems, medical, munitions, fuels mobility support equipment, vehicles, rations, aerospace ground equipment, air base operability equipment, and associated spares and other consumables at designated locations."
},
{
"docid": "D1178775#0",
"title": "http://covenantdatabase.wikia.com/wiki/Sangheili\nSangheili",
"text": "\"On the blood of our fathers, on the blood of our sons... we swore to uphold the Covenant! \"\"— Rtas 'Vadumee before the Battle of the Gas Mine . The Sangheili [4] (Latin Macto cognatus [1], meaning \"\"I glorify my kin\"\") are a saurian [5] species of fierce, proud, strong, agile and intelligent warriors and skilled combat tacticians. Sangheili are named after their home planet, Sanghelios. Known to Humans as Elites [6], due to their adeptness and skill in combat, the Sangheili formed the military backbone of the Covenant for almost the entirety of its existence. They had a very strong rivalry with the Brutes, which finally became open hatred during the Great Schism, and the conclusion of the Human-Covenant War. Originally a founding member of the unified conglomerate of races known as the Covenant, they later led the Covenant breakaway faction known as the Covenant Separatists, who sided with the humans against their former allies, due to the fact that the Prophet of Truth and the Prophet of Mercy had ordered the genocide of the entire Sangheili race. This was established after the assassination of the Prophet of Regret at the hands of the \"\"Demon\"\". It was the Sangheili who were ultimately held responsible for the Prophet of Regret's death, and were seen as \"\"unfit\"\" to continue to guard the Prophets. The Prophets sought to achieve this through the use of the other Covenant races, primarily the Brutes."
},
{
"docid": "D1399251#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/technology/ship/History-of-ships\nHistory of ships",
"text": "History of ships Surviving clay tablets and containers record the use of waterborne vessels as early as 4000 bce. Boats are still vital aids to movement, even those little changed in form during that 6,000-year history. The very fact that boats may be quite easily identified in illustrations of great antiquity shows how slow and continuous had been this evolution until just 150 years ago. And though that was the time when steam propulsion became predominant, it never was anywhere universal in local transport. Because some solutions to the problem of providing water transport were eminently successful and efficient several millennia ago, there are a number of boats still in use whose origins are lost in prehistory. Oarsand sails Early rowed vessels The earliest historical evidence of boats is found in Egypt during the 4th millennium bce. A culture nearly completely riparian, Egypt was narrowly aligned along the Nile, totally supported by it, and served by transport on its uninterruptedly navigable surface below the First Cataract (at modern-day Aswān). There are representations of Egyptian boats used to carry obelisks on the Nile from Upper Egypt that were as long as 300 feet (100 metres), longer than any warship constructed in the era of wooden ships. Egyptian jar Jar with boat designs, painted pottery from Egypt, c. 3450–3350 bce; in the Brooklyn Museum, New York. 17.6 x 20.9 cm."
},
{
"docid": "D3323724#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/32931230/world-history-chapter-7-flash-cards/\nWorld History Chapter 7",
"text": "29 terms jessicakaley World History Chapter 7Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort What were the goals of the revolution? Liberty, equality, brotherhood Why did Napoleon attack Portugal? Enforce terms of continental system Who was most influential leader at Congress of Vienna? Klemons Von Metternichplebiscite vote of the people What were some traits Napoleon possessed? Courage, brilliant military mind, able to inspire others What percent of France belonged to the first and second estates? 2%What percent of France belonged to the third estate? 98%Why did the National Assembly lose the support of many of the peasants? They took away the church's land and independence Which group forced Robespierre from power?"
},
{
"docid": "D3294776#0",
"title": "https://history.stackexchange.com/questions/33613/why-didn-t-japan-attack-the-west-coast-of-the-united-states-during-world-war-ii\nWhy didnât Japan attack the West Coast of the United States during World War II?",
"text": "\"_History Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for historians and history buffs. Join them; it only takes a minute: Sign up Here's how it works: Anybody can ask a question Anybody can answer The best answers are voted up and rise to the top Why didn’t Japan attack the West Coast of the United States during World War II?up vote57down votefavorite14In the early months of World War II, the United Stated spent several millions of dollars to fortify the West Coast against possible Japanese attack, going as far as to stretch a gigantic submarine net across the Juan de Fuca Strait and to cover the entire Boeing plant in Seattle with camouflaging wire net to make it look like a residential suburb. Yet all these numerous fears of Japanese attack never materialized. Aside from sending a couple thousand bomb-filled balloons across the Pacific (all of which fell on sparsely inhabited areas), Japan never even touched the West Coast of America. Why didn’t the Japanese attempt even a single attack on the mainland? What deterred them from striking such a direct blow on America? A submarine attack would have been easy for them, but they never sent a known submarine beyond the territorial waters of Hawaii. So what’s the story here? Or were there attacks I simply didn’t come across in all my sources about World War II?united-states world-war-two contemporary-history north-america washington-stateshare improve this questionedited Jan 6 '17 at 16:29T. E. D. ♦61.6k 8 128 256asked Oct 31 '16 at 13:28George A. Solodun4,652 6 32 7619What would be the strategic objective of such an attack? – Mark C. Wallace ♦ Oct 31 '16 at 14:425\"\"a couple thousand bomb-filled balloons across the Pacific (all of which fell on sparsely inhabited areas)\"\" They didn't all fall on sparsely inhabited areas."
},
{
"docid": "D3016377#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/29031974/bpmb-flash-cards/\nBPMB",
"text": "\"440 terms zhouwei0821BPMBThe American Navy had two beginnings: During the Revolutionary War After the implementation of the Constitution During the American Revolution, a naval force was needed for national missions. To meet this need, the Continental Congress created the Continental Navy, a small force that: Displayed the flag on the high seas and foreign ports Showed the United States was a sovereign power After the war, the Continental Navy was dissolved. When the U. S. Constitution was implemented, the United States Navy and the Department of the Navy were formed to: Show foreign powers the new nation was not defenseless Protect American merchant ships on the high seas The U. S. Navy was involved in four conflicts between 1798 and 1815: Quasi-War with France War with Tripoli War of 1812 War with Algiers A heritage developed in those conflicts is embodied in today's Navy core values: Honor Courage Commitment Wars and Operations - The War for Independence (1775-1783) From 1775 to 1783, America attacked British commerce by going after its merchant ships, forcing the enemy to divert naval forces from blockading the American coast U. S. Revolution seaborne forces consisted of armed ships from: The Continental Army State navies Privateers The Continental Navy The Navy's vessels: Seized enemy supplies Carried correspondence and diplomats to Europe Provoked diplomatic crises that helped bring France into the war Brought the war to British home waters and ports American sea power alone did not secure independence. France, Spain, and the Netherlands assisted with their navies. A superior French fleet, led by the Count de Grasse, arrived off the Virginia Capes and held off a British squadron, thus sealing the fate of the British Army at Yorktown. Lord Cornwallis, realizing he could not retreat by sea, surrendered to General Washington's forces. George Washington observed, \"\"Sea power proved the pivot on which everything turned. \"\" Attacks on American overseas trade brought about brought about the second birth of the U. S. Navy. The Barbary Powers of Africa's Mediterranean coast, which had long extorted tribute from European powers, made its first American vessel seizures in 1785. The U. S. Constitution gave Congress the the power to \"\"provide and maintain a Navy\"\", but it took until 1794 to create a naval force of six frigates."
},
{
"docid": "D2559218#0",
"title": "http://www.toptenz.net/top-10-most-famous-women-in-history.php\nTop 10 Most Famous Women in History",
"text": "Top 10 Most Famous Women in History53By Jeff Danelek on November 18, 2010 History, People While most famous historical figures have traditionally been men, there are a few women who managed to reach the rarified air of either notoriety or power usually reserved for their testosterone-prone contemporaries; which, considering the patriarchal nature of society for the last ten thousand years, is no small feat. It was difficult to determine who qualified as most famous from the candidates available. I looked for women who were genuinely famous (most people have heard of them). They also either obtained a high degree of political power or wielded considerable influence on their society- influential to such a degree that they were able to change perceptions and, in some cases, even shape policy. While I recognize that there are many worthy women who didn’t make my list, here is my best attempt to ascertain the top 10 most famous women throughout history.10. Harriet Tubman Few people could imagine that a poor black woman born into slavery could go on to become one of the best known figures of the nineteenth century, but that’s exactly what Harriet Tubman became. Born in Maryland around 1821, Tubman’s life was one of hardship and deprivation from childhood that even marriage to a free black man named John Tubman could not erase. Finally having enough of being bought and sold as property, she finally escaped her master in 1849 and fled northward with the help of the Underground Railroad, which Thomas Garrett and other white abolitionists had established. Reaching safety in Philadelphia, she went on to help other slaves—by some accounts as many as 300, including members of her own family—find sanctuary in northern states over the next eleven years. Her efforts made her a hunted woman in the south, resulting in as much as a $40,000 price being put on her head at one point."
},
{
"docid": "D1173428#0",
"title": "http://www.taphilo.com/history/WWII/German-War-declaration.shtml\nWhy did Herr Adolf Hitler Declare War on the United States of America?",
"text": "\"Why did Herr Adolf Hitler Declare War on the United States of America? Some possible reasons why Hitler had Germany declare war against the United States of America Lack of Documentation Leads to Speculation Adolf Hitler shown in Landsberg Prison after being convicted as a result of the Munich Putsch. I am not sure if this photo, like many other many NAZI pre-war and wartime era photos, patents, inventions and other similar items, are void as a results of being considered \"\"war booty\"\" and are no longer protected for patent or copyright purposes. One of the problems in researching NAZI WWII politics and the resulting policies that occurred in Germany during the 1930s thru to the end of the 2nd World War is that many of reasons behind the decisions were never documented. Some high ranking people in the Third Reich kept diaries, Joseph Goebbels for example, but the writers often recorded what happened, the decisions that were made, but seldom the reasons behind the decisions that were made. The style that Hitler used to govern the National Socialist Germans Workers Party (NSDAP, aka NAZI; the D stands for Deutschland), and thus Germany, was one of vaguely stating what he wanted done to various people or departments then those people would implement the policies and enforce it. He also often set up duplicate sets of government groups to carry out the same policies, building programs, enforcement, and had them competing against one another. This kept people fractured and thus he was kept him informed since most everything had to go through him to be approved. It also meant he often heard both sides of a position since two different groups were often given the same task. The charisma of that leader and their access to the Chancellor's office would dictate the power that the group had."
},
{
"docid": "D100104#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ferdinand-Magellan\nFerdinand Magellan",
"text": "Ferdinand Magellan, Portuguese Fernão de Magalhães, Spanish Fernando, or Hernando, de Magallanes, (born 1480, Sabrosa or Porto?, Portugal—died April 27, 1521, Mactan, Philippines), Portuguese navigator and explorer who sailed under the flags of both Portugal (1505–13) and Spain (1519–21). From Spain he sailed around South America, discovering the Strait of Magellan, and across the Pacific. Though he was killed in the Philippines, one of his ships continued westward to Spain, accomplishing the first circumnavigation of Earth. The voyage was successfully terminated by the Basque navigator Juan Sebastián del Cano. Magellan, Strait of Overview of the Strait of Magellan. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises Gmb H, Mainz Early life Magellan was the son of Rui de Magalhães and Alda de Mesquita, members of the Portuguese nobility. At an early age he became a page to Queen Leonor, wife of John II (reigned 1481–95) and sister of Manuel I (reigned 1495–1521), in Lisbon. In early 1505 he enlisted in the fleet of Francisco de Almeida, first viceroy of Portuguese India, whose expedition King Manuel sent to check Muslim sea power along the African and Indian coasts and to establish a strong Portuguese presence in the Indian Ocean. During a naval engagement at Cannanore (now Kannur) on the Malabar Coast of India, Magellan is said by the chronicler Gaspar Correia (also spelled Corrêa) to have been wounded."
},
{
"docid": "D2226442#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/60585263/ap-us-history-ch17-flash-cards/\nAP US History Ch.17",
"text": "\"44 terms aksharp1907AP US History Ch.17Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Age of the Great Deflation Late nineteenth century. An Era when worldwide prices fell steadily. Industrial expansion during this time in the United States went high gear. Incomes for Americans dramatically increased. What was central to the capital goods sector? A technological revolution in steel making. Henry Bessemer British inventor. In 1856 he designed a furnace - the Bessemer converter - that refined raw pig iron into steel, a metal more durable than wrought iron and cheaper to produce."
},
{
"docid": "D1172241#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navy_Core_Values\nHistory of the United States Navy",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Navy Core Values)navigation search The history of the United States Navy divides into two major periods: the \"\"Old Navy\"\", a small but respected force of sailing ships that was also notable for innovation in the use of ironclads during the American Civil War, and the \"\"New Navy\"\", the result of a modernisation effort that began in the 1880s and made it the largest in the world by the 1920s. The United States Navy claims 13 October 1775 as the date of its official establishment, when the Second Continental Congress passed a resolution creating the Continental Navy. With the end of the American Revolutionary War, the Continental Navy was disbanded. Under first President George Washington threats to American merchant shipping by Barbary pirates from four North African Muslim States, in the Mediterranean, led to the Naval Act of 1794, which created a permanent standing U. S. Navy. The original six frigates were authorized as part of the Act. Over the next 20 years, the Navy fought the French Republic Navy in the Quasi-War (1798–99), Barbary states in the First and Second Barbary Wars, and the British in the War of 1812. After the War of 1812, the U. S. Navy was at peace until the Mexican–American War in 1846, and served to combat piracy in the Mediterranean and Caribbean seas, as well fighting the slave trade off the coast of West Africa. In 1845, the Naval Academy was founded at old Fort Severn at Annapolis, Maryland by the Chesapeake Bay. In 1861, the American Civil War began and the U. S. Navy fought the small Confederate States Navy with both sailing ships and new revolutionary ironclad ships while forming a blockade that shut down the Confederacy's civilian coastal shipping. After the Civil War, most of its ships were laid up in reserve, and by 1878, the Navy was just 6,000 men."
},
{
"docid": "D2966974#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_did_the_white_settlers_arrive_in_Australia_and_in_Western_Australia_in_particular\nWhen did the white settlers arrive in Australia and in Western Australia in particular?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Travel & Places Continents and Regions Continents Australia When did the white settlers arrive in Australia and in Western Australia in particular? Flag When did the white settlers arrive in Australia and in Western Australia in particular? Answer by On the Wallaby Confidence votes 292KPassionate about all things Australian The First Fleet arrived in Australia on 26 January 1788. In 1829, Captain Charles Fremantle was sent to take formal possession of the remainder of New Holland which had not already been claimed for Britain under the territory of New South Wales. In May of that year, Captain Fremantle raised the Union Jack on the south head of the Swan River, thus claiming the territory for Britain. The colony of Western Australia was proclaimed on 8 June 1829, and two months later, Perth was also founded.39 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No On the Wallaby Passionate about all things Australian When did the earliest settlers arrive in Australia? Australia's first European settlers arrived in Australia on 26 January 1788. These early seetlers were primarily convicts from England, together with the officers and marines …On the Wallaby Passionate about all things Australian When did the first European settlers arrive in Australia? The first known European settlers in Australia were the member ofthe First Fleet, comprising convicts from England, together withofficers and marines."
},
{
"docid": "D2626582#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/colonialism\nColonialism, Western",
"text": "Alternative Title: colonization Colonialism, Western, a political-economic phenomenon whereby various European nations explored, conquered, settled, and exploited large areas of the world. The age of modern colonialism began about 1500, following the European discoveries of a sea route around Africa’s southern coast (1488) and of America (1492). With these events sea power shifted from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic and to the emerging nation-states of Portugal, Spain, the Dutch Republic, France, and England. By discovery, conquest, and settlement, these nations expanded and colonized throughout the world, spreading European institutions and culture. European expansion before 1763Antecedents of European expansion Medieval Europe was largely self-contained until the First Crusade (1096–99), which opened new political and commercial communications with the Muslim Near East. Although Christian crusading states founded in Palestine and Syria proved ephemeral, commercial relations continued, and the European end of this trade fell largely into the hands of Italian cities. Early European trade with Asia The Oriental land and sea routes terminated at ports in the Crimea, until 1461 at Trebizond (now Trabzon, Turkey), Constantinople (now Istanbul), Asiatic Tripoli (in modern Lebanon), Antioch (in modern Turkey), Beirut (in modern Lebanon), and Alexandria (Egypt), where Italian galleys exchanged European for Eastern products. Competition between Mediterranean nations for control of Asiatic commerce gradually narrowed to a contest between Venice and Genoa, with the former winning when it severely defeated its rival city in 1380; thereafter, in partnership with Egypt, Venice principally dominated the Oriental trade coming via the Indian Ocean and Red Sea to Alexandria. Overland routes were not wholly closed, but the conquests of the central Asian warrior Timur (Tamerlane)—whose empire broke into warring fragments after his death in 1405—and the advantages of a nearly continuous sea voyage from the Middle and Far East to the Mediterranean gave Venice a virtual monopoly of some Oriental products, principally spices. The word spices then had a loose application and extended to many Oriental luxuries, but the most valuable European imports were pepper, nutmeg, cloves, and cinnamon."
},
{
"docid": "D226137#0",
"title": "http://www.vox.com/a/world-war-i-maps\n40 maps that explain World War I",
"text": "\"Background European alliances in 1914West Point Immediately prior to the war's outbreak in 1914, Central Europe was dominated by two powerful states: Germany to the north and its weaker cousin, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, to the South. The two countries formed the core of the Central Powers, also known as the Quadruple Alliance because they were joined after war began by Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire (modern Turkey). The other major pre-war alliance was the Triple Entente, a pact between Russia, Great Britain, and France (called the Allied Powers during the war). These alliances set the stage for a massive war: any dispute between two members of these blocs could pull in all of the others, as the treaties committed these states to defending their allies. And that's exactly what happened. The unification of the German Empire Wiggy The Franco-Prussian War, 40 years before World War I, birthed the unified German state. Prussia baited the French into launching a war, and then aligned with several small German states to decisively defeat France and seize the economically valuable Alsace-Lorraine province. The unified Germany that emerged from the war instantly became one of the most powerful states in Europe, overturning the continental balance of power. Germany's rising power alarmed Britain and Russia, drawing both countries into closer alignment with their long-time rival, France. Two wars in the Balkans fail to settle regional rivalries The Story of the Great War The Balkans, the area around the Aegean Sea in the Southeast of Europe, was one of the continent's most volatile regions in 1914."
}
] |
620097
|
what did the gulf of tonkin resolution allow president johnson to do?
|
[
{
"docid": "D3191897#0",
"title": "https://prezi.com/72hmb_4injqo/the-gulf-of-tonkin-incident-how-it-was-unconstitutional/\nThe Gulf of Tonkin Incident & How It Was Unconstitutional",
"text": "\"Public & reusable Create your own Make a copy Share Embed Like The Gulf of Tonkin Incident & How It Was Unconstitutional Civics Projectby Jordan Smithon 18 October 2012Tweet Comments ( 0)Please log in to add your comment. Report abuse Transcript of The Gulf of Tonkin Incident & How It Was Unconstitutional The Gulf of Tonkin Incident & How It Was Unconstitutional Jordan Smith Mr. Dyment Civics Period A 18 October 2012 The Incident Controversy Questions! What did the Resolution actually allow Johnson to do? What did the Thirteen House of Representatives members argue in court? What actually happened on August 4th and how long did it take for this to be revealed to the general public? 42 Years Later... The National Security Agency declassified the intelligence reports of August 4th in their entirety, revealing no actual attack on the Turner Joy. This was due to an error in the radar reading and President Johnson was not informed by the Defense Secretary of this flaw before the resolution was passed. This should probably be fixed... In 1973, Congress passed the War Powers Resolution, which requires the President to consult with Congress in regards to U. S. force deployment. Let's go to Court! 13 members of the HOR argued in court that the President did not have an explicit declaration of war, and he was in violation of Article 8 Section I Clause 11 of the Constitution."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D467961#0",
"title": "https://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plan/gulf-tonkin-resolution-and-escalation-vietnam-war\nThe Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and Escalation of the Vietnam War",
"text": "\"Introduction Photograph taken from USS Maddox (DD-731) during her engagement with three North Vietnamese motor torpedo boats in the Gulf of Tonkin, 2 August 1964. The view shows one of the boats racing by, with what appears to be smoke from Maddox' shells in its wake. Credit: Courtesy of the U. S. Naval Historical Center\"\"On the first attack, the evidence would be pretty good. On the second one the amount of evidence we have today is less than we had yesterday. This resulted primarily from correlating bits and pieces of information eliminating double counting and mistaken signals. This much seemed certain: There was an attack. How many PT boats were involved, how many torpedoes were fired, etc. - all this was still somewhat uncertain. This matter may be of some importance since Hanoi has denied making the second attack.\"\" – National Security Advisor Mc George Bundy, at the White House staff meeting at 8 a.m. on August 5, 1964, discussing the Gulf of Tonkin incident. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D2162444#0",
"title": "http://millercenter.org/president/biography/lbjohnson-foreign-affairs\nLyndon B. Johnson: Foreign Affairs",
"text": "\"U. S. Presidents Lyndon B. Johnson Lyndon B. Johnson: Foreign Affairs By Kent Germany The major initiative in the Lyndon Johnson presidency was the Vietnam War. By 1968, the United States had 548,000 troops in Vietnam and had already lost 30,000 Americans there. Johnson's approval ratings had dropped from 70 percent in mid-1965 to below 40 percent by 1967, and with it, his mastery of Congress. \"\" I can't get out, I can't finish it with what I have got. So what the hell do I do?\"\" he lamented to Lady Bird. Johnson never did figure out the answer to that question. The Vietnam War The Vietnam War was a conflict between North and South Vietnam, but it had global ramifications. The North was led by a Communist and nationalist regime that had fought against the Japanese in World War II and against French colonial rule in the late 1940s. In 1954, it won control of North Vietnam when the French agreed to a partition in the Geneva Accords."
},
{
"docid": "D2013105#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_was_the_North_Vietnamese_attack_on_the_USS_Maddox_in_August_1964_a_significant_event\nWhy was the North Vietnamese attack on the USS Maddox in August 1964 a significant event?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History Vietnam War Why was the North Vietnamese attack on the USS Maddox in August 1964 a significant event? Flag Why was the North Vietnamese attack on the USS Maddox in August 1964 a significant event? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. It prompted Congress to pass the Tonkin Gulf resolution, which authorized U. S. military operations in the Vietnam War.1 person found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Significant events in Vietnamese war? Operation Rolling Thunder, (air strikes against North Vietnam), Operation Linebacker (heavier air strikes against North Vietnam), Operation Linebacker II (the heaviest air str …How many miles did the north vietnamese attacks stretch?big sd thr country so its country wide What did congress do after the north vietnamese attack in the gulf of tonkin? Allowed LBJ to directly attack North Vietnam by passing the Tonkin Gulf Resolution. What is the Uss maddox? The Maddox (DD731) was an Allen Sumner class WWII USN destroyer that engaged North Vietnamese Navy torpedo boats in the Tonkin Gulf on 02 August 1964. A two part \"\"Tonkin Gulf …F0reveradancer 16 Contributions Why did the North Vietnamese attack the Marine base at Khe Sanh?"
},
{
"docid": "D3147759#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/FAQ/1821\nVietnam War",
"text": "\"Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History Vietnam War Unanswered | Answered Vietnam War Parent Category: War and Military History The Vietnam War was a Cold War military conflict that occurred in Southeast Asia Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia that began in 1959 and ended in April 1975. The war was between communist North Vietnam, supported by communist allies, and South Vietnam, bolstered by the US.1 2 3 >Are any presidents Vietnam vets? Just some Senators/Congressmen; Kerry, Mc Cain, as some examples. How was Reagan Revolution a response to political crises? Reagan was a no-nonsense man. He chose the right men to do the job, if they couldn't or wouldn't do the job, he replaced them. When he had a problem, he spoke with the men he hired. He expected to speak with only one man. And not waste his time or words with others, unless needed. If that ONE man... Why did Vietnam war took place?"
},
{
"docid": "D2013106#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin_incident\nGulf of Tonkin incident",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Gulf of Tonkin incident Part of the Vietnam War Photo taken from USS Maddox during the incident, showing three North Vietnamese motor torpedo boats Date August 2, 1964Location Gulf of Tonkin19°42′N 106°46′ECoordinates: 19°42′N 106°46′EResult Gulf of Tonkin Resolution; escalation of the War in Vietnam Belligerents United States North Vietnam Commanders and leaders George S. Morrison John J. Herrick Le Duy Khoai [1]Strength Sea: 1 aircraft carrier, 1 destroyer Air: 4 aircraft [2]3 torpedo boats Casualties and losses1 destroyer slightly damaged, 1 aircraft slightly damaged [3]1 torpedo boat severely damaged, 2 torpedo boats moderately damaged, 4 killed, 6 wounded [4]v t e Military engagements of the Vietnam War USS Maddox The Gulf of Tonkin incident ( Vietnamese: Sự kiện Vịnh Bắc Bộ ), also known as the USS Maddox incident, was an international confrontation that led to the United States engaging more directly in the Vietnam War. It involved either one or two separate confrontations involving North Vietnam and the United States in the waters of the Gulf of Tonkin. The original American report blamed North Vietnam for both incidents, but eventually became very controversial with widespread claims that either one or both incidents were false, and possibly deliberately so. On August 2, 1964, the destroyer USS Maddox, while performing a signals intelligence patrol as part of DESOTO operations, was pursued by three North Vietnamese Navy torpedo boats of the 135th Torpedo Squadron. [ 1] [5] Maddox fired three warning shots and the North Vietnamese boats then attacked with torpedoes and machine gun fire. [ 5]Maddox expended over 280 3-inch (75 mm) and 5-inch (130 mm) shells in a sea battle. One U. S. aircraft was damaged, three North Vietnamese torpedo boats were damaged, and four North Vietnamese sailors were killed, with six more wounded. There were no U. S. casualties. [ 6] Maddox \"\"was unscathed except for a single bullet hole from a Vietnamese machine gun round.\"\" [ 5]It was originally claimed by the National Security Agency that a Second Gulf of Tonkin incident occurred on August 4, 1964, as another sea battle, but instead evidence was found of \"\"Tonkin ghosts\"\" [7] (false radar images) and not actual North Vietnamese torpedo boats."
},
{
"docid": "D1168119#0",
"title": "http://www.americanforeignrelations.com/O-W/The-Vietnam-War-and-Its-Impact.html\nThe Vietnam War and Its Impact",
"text": "\"On 2 September 1945 at Hanoi's Ba Dinh Square, Ho Chi Minh issued the historic Vietnamese proclamation of independence with words borrowed from the American Declaration of Independence: \"\"We hold the truth that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.\"\" Ho Chi Minh—who four years earlier had founded the League for Revolution and Independence, or Vietminh—had been preparing his entire life for the opportunity to rid Vietnam of colonial rule, both Japanese and French. Crowds marched from one end of Saigon to the other chanting, \"\"Do Dao de quoc, Do Dao thuc dan phap.\"\" ( Down with the Imperialists, Down with the French Colonialists.) Throughout Vietnam banners proclaimed \"\"Vietnam for the Vietnamese. \"\" Ho Chi Minh requested support for his cause from nations that recognized the principles of self-determination and equality of nations. President Franklin D. Roosevelt seemed to favor an international trusteeship for Vietnam to be followed by independence, but new pressures would soon change the situation for Ho and the Vietnamese. As the Cold War developed, Washington became more sensitive to the colonial interests of its allies than to the decolonization of Indochina. Ho was defined as being pro-Moscow. U. S. Cold War policy was guided by the containment of a perceived Soviet aggression."
},
{
"docid": "D3529058#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/1019734/us-history-31-flash-cards/\nUS History 31",
"text": "43 terms Raspado82US History 31Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort President Kennedy's policy in Vietnam was to Increase the number of American militant advisors Escalation of the war in Vietnam began with the Passage of the GUlf of Tonkin Resolution American soldiers fighting in Vietnam had to cope with Tropical infections and booby traps Civilians in both North and SOuth Vietnam had to suffer the effects of American efforts to destroy roads and bridges through Guerrill warfare In the US television was instrumental in Bringing the brutality of the war into people's living rooms Some Americans questioned the fairness of the draft because College students could easily avoid the draft People who opposed fighting the war on moral or religious grounds were known as Conscientious objectors The Vietnam war finally ended in 1975 when Nixon signed a peace treaty with North Vietnam What did the US fear would happen if it did not get involved in Vietnam Communists would take over What congressional action gave Pres. Johnson the authority to escalate the VIetnam war The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Which of the following conditions did Americans fighting in Vietnam experience Sniper fire and land mines Television coverage of the Vietnam War Brought the brutality of the war into American homes What was the primary focus of the protest movement of the 1960's to demand U. S. withdrawal from Vietnam Tensions between students who oppsoed the was and National Guardsmen resulted in four deaths at Kent State In 1970, President Nixon announced that American forces would invade which country Cambodia How did the Vietnam War finally end in 1975 with North Vietnam gaining control of all of Vietnam Who was the nationalist leader who led Vietnam against the French Ho Chi Minh Why did President Kennedy support the government of Ngo Dinh Diem Kennedy feared that Communists would take over South Vietnam Why did South Vietnames military leaders overthrhow Diem He had lost American Support What was President Johnson's objective in Vietnam to prevent a Communist takeover What did Congress do after the North Vietnamese attack in the Gulf of Tonkin gave Johnson control over American actions in Vietnam What principle, described by President Eisenhower, became associated with American involvement in Southeast Asia to domino theory American soldiers were confused to discover that many South Vietnamese people did not appreciate their efforts Fighting conditions for American soldiers included the constant hazard of booby traps One advantage the Viet Cong guerrillas had was their elaborate tunnel systems In fighting the Norht Vietnamese, United States forces used guerrilla tactics Herbicides such as Agent Orange were used mainly to expose Viet Cong hiding places The officer in charge of the My Lai massacre was William Calley The death toll at My Lai might have been even greater but for the heroics of an American helicopter crew Many young people in the 1960's had freedom and opportunities unknown to previous generations, thanks to postwar prosperity The student protest movement of the 1960's emerged from the civil rights movement The Port Huron Statement by the SDS called for power to be rooted in love, reflectiveness, reason and creativity Most people who refused to be drafted in the early 1960's were conscientious objectors Many young men resisted the military draft by going to Canada During the election of 1968, the issues, the issues dividing the country also caused a split in the Democratic Party The winner of the 1968 election was Republican Richard Nixon What was the status of the Vietnam War by the end of the Johnson's presidency There was a stalemate, with no resolution in sight What did Nixon do as he withdrew American troops from Vietnam resumed bombing raids Which of the following reignited student protests in 1970 Nixon's invasion of Cambodia Which of the following was not part of the peace treaty signed in 1973 Election to unify the country would be held withing 60 days What did North Vietnam do after the last Americans fled Saigon completed its conquest of South Vietnamwhat was the one legacy of the Vietnam War Communist rule of Southeast Asis What was one reason for the creation of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial to healp heal the wounds created by the war"
},
{
"docid": "D1828604#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/In_what_resolution_of_1964_did_Congress_give_president_Johnson_a_blank_check_for_the_war_in_Vietnam\nIn what resolution of 1964 did Congress give president Johnson a blank check for the war in Vietnam?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History Vietnam War In what resolution of 1964 did Congress give president Johnson a blank check for the war in Vietnam? Flag In what resolution of 1964 did Congress give president Johnson a blank check for the war in Vietnam? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. Gulf of Tonkin1 person found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No What incident did President Johnson react to in 1964 that escalated the Vietnam War? The Tonkin Gulf Incident. Answers Publisher 49,340 Contributions What does it mean that congress have Johnson a blank check? Literally, it means that a blank check has been given that contains a signature of one party. When a check like this is given to the other party, it states that any amount …Kidrauhlsgirl 120 Contributions What did the Tonkin Gulf Resolution of 1964 which was passed by Congress authorized President LB Johnson to do?to take all necessary action measures in Vietnam. What was the 1964 congressional action that became a blank check for the Vietnam war?"
},
{
"docid": "D3080813#0",
"title": "http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB132/tapes.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Photograph taken from USS Maddox (DD-731) during her engagement with three North Vietnamese motor torpedo boats in the Gulf of Tonkin, 2 August 1964. Oil on canvas by Commander E. J. Fitzgerald, January 1965. It depicts the engagement between USS Maddox (DD-731) and three North Vietnamese motor torpedo boats on 2 August 1964. LBJ Tapes on the Gulf of Tonkin Incident Source: John Prados, The White House Tapes (New York: The New Press, 2003)Note: These clips are in Windows Media Audio format (.wma)Order this book from: - The New Press - Amazon.com Contents Main Page Essay: 40th Anniversary of the Gulf of Tonkin Incident Gulf of Tonkin Signals Intercepts LBJ Tapes on Gulf of Tonkin CIA Special National Intelligence Estimate on possible North Vietnamese responses to U. S. actions, May 1964State Department - Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS): \"\"U. S. Reaction To Events in the Gulf of Tonkin, August 1-10\"\"Related Links National Public Radio - Cronkite: Gulf of Tonkin's Phantom Attack U. S. Naval Historical Center Image Library - USS Maddox: Actions in the Gulf of Tonkin, August 1964AUGUST 3, 1964: PRESIDENT JOHNSON DISCUSSES AN INCIDENT IN THE GULF OF TONKIN WITH DEFENSE SECRETARY ROBERT S. Mc NAMARA (IN TWO CONVERSATIONS)On August 2, 1964, the American destroyer Maddox, on patrol off the coast of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, was attacked by several North Vietnamese torpedo boats. The attack happened hours after South Vietnamese raiders struck at two targets on the North Vietnamese coast as part of a U. S. program of graduated covert pressure against the North that was known as Operations Plan (OPLAN)-34A. This marked the beginning of a series of events that has come to be called the Tonkin Gulf incident. The Maddox was actually on an intelligence mission off the northern coast, carrying with a van of extra communications and electronics gear along with a complement of specialists from the Naval Security Group, a naval complement to the National Security Agency. Their task was to intercept North Vietnamese communications. The ship was in international waters when attacked, but had been inside territorial waters claimed by North Vietnam when Hanoi's torpedo boats were sent to sea. Vietnamese authorities have disclosed that the response was ordered by local commanders without reference to Hanoi. The Maddox did not expect any attack-the mission commander had been briefed in Taiwan previously that there would be none - but she was also completely unaware of the provocation to North Vietnam that had occurred simultaneously in the form of the OPLAN-34A strikes."
},
{
"docid": "D878781#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/5950724/vietnam-war-flash-cards/\nVietnam War",
"text": "\"252 terms Alpha Park Vietnam War Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Domino Theory the fear if one country fall to communism, they will all fall Ho Chi Minh Communist leader of north vietnam Ngo Dinh Diem South Vietnam non-Communist leader Vietcong Communist guerilla forces Tet Offensive 1968 attack by Viet Cong and North Vietnamese forces throughout South Vietnam Ho Chi Minh Trail Network Of Jungle Paths From North Vietnam Through Laos And Cambodia And Into South Vietnam; Served As The Major Supply Route For The Vietcong Lyndon B. Johnson President after JFK, got the US involved in Vietnam Operation Rolling Thunder A series of bombing attacks to destroy war industries in vietnam Gulf Of Tonkin Resolution Gave the US President permission to take necassary measures to stop and push back any attack on the USSearch And Destroy Missions US patrols searched for hidden emeny camps the destryed them with massive fire power and air raids Agent Orange Chemical used to protect vegetation from being destroyed by aircraft Napalm Bomb chemicals that caught fire when bombs were dropped Bouncing Betty Mine that \"\"bounced\"\" up, slicing who ever stepped on it and exploding in the air My Lai Massacre US troops massacred North Viatnamese villagersfor hiding the Vietcong Tet Offensive Attack lead by the North Vietnamese and the Vietcong leader against South Vietnam Draft Dogers People who moved to Canada or out of the country to avoid the war Hippies People who protested the war, believed in \"\"peace and love\"\"Doves Americans who opposed the Vietnam War, called for US removal from Vietnam Hawks Those who supported the Vietnam War Democratic Convention Of 1968 Poeple who protested the war outside the Democratic Convention Kent State Protests Nixon's secret bombing of Cambodia started riots at Kent State. The students attacked a military building. The government sent in the National Gaurd and 4 were killed and 14 wounded by tear gas. Paris Peace Accord Of 1973 Called for removal of all US troops and American POWs to be returned. Peace between North and South Vietnam. Fall Of Saigon North Vietnamese and the Vietcong surrounded South Vietnamese in their capital, Saigon, and took it over.vietcong the guerrilla soldiers of the Communist faction in Vietnam, also known as the National Liberation Frontcoup a sudden overthrow of a government by a small groupsearch-and-destroy mission a strategy used in Vietnam in which American forces sought Vietcong and North Vietnamese units to destroy themcounterculture a social movement whose values go against those of established societydeferment an excuse, issued by the draft board, that lets a person be excused from military service for various reasonscredibility gap lack of belief; term used to describe the lack of trust in the Johnson administration's statements about the Vietnam Warsilent majority the phrase used by Nixon to describe the majority of Americans, those who did not protest or demonstrate Vietnamization Nixon's policy that called for South Vietnam to take a more active role in fighting the war and for Americans to become less involvedmartial law the law applied by military forces in occupied territory or in an emergency Hanoi capital of North Vietnam Saigon capital of South Vietnam Ho Chi Minh Communist leader of North Vietnam Ngo Dinh Diem Western-educated leader of South Vietnam National Liberation Front the guerrilla soldiers of the Communist faction in Vietnam, also known as the Vietcong Lyndon Johnson president of the US during the major escalation of US involvement in Vietnam Gulf of Tonkin Incident Alleged North Vietnamese attack on American destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin, led to the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, an alleged attack by N. Vietnamese Navy on US destroyers which led Pres. Johnson to order a direct bombing attack on North Vietnam (most historians now believe there was no attack)Gulf of Tonkin Resolution gave Johnson congressional approval to \"\"take all necessary measures to repel an armed attack against...the US. \"\" Ho Chi Minh Trail supply route that ran from North Vietnam through Laos and Cambodia to South Vietnam Operation Rolling Thunder massive bombing campaign unleashed on North Vietnamconscientious objectors opponents of the war who objected based on moral or religious beliefs Tet offensive North Vietnamese attack on several South Vietnamese cities and military bases during the Tet Holiday Robert F. Kennedy JFK's younger brother who was assassinated while campaigning for president in 1968George Wallace Former Alabama governor and third party candidate for president in 1968, he was a \"\"law and order\"\" candidate Richard Nixon Republican candidate who won the election of 1968."
},
{
"docid": "D1141034#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_tonkin_resolution\nGulf of Tonkin Resolution",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Gulf of tonkin resolution)navigation search Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Long title A joint resolution \"\"To promote the maintenance of international peace and security in southeast Asia. \"\" Nicknames Southeast Asia Resolution Enacted by the 88th United States Congress Effective August 10, 1964Citations Public law 88-408Statutes at Large 78 Stat. 384Legislative history Introduced in the House as H. J. Res. 1145Passed the House on August 7, 1964 ( 416-0)Passed the Senate on August 7, 1964 ( 88-2)Signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on August 10, 1964The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution or the Southeast Asia Resolution, Pub. L. 88–408, 78 Stat. 384, enacted August 10, 1964, was a joint resolution that the United States Congress passed on August 7, 1964, in response to the Gulf of Tonkin incident. It is of historical significance because it gave U. S. President Lyndon B. Johnson authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of conventional military force in Southeast Asia. Specifically, the resolution authorized the President to do whatever necessary in order to assist \"\"any member or protocol state of the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty \"\". This included involving armed forces. It was opposed in the Senate only by Senators Wayne Morse (D-OR) and Ernest Gruening (D-AK)."
},
{
"docid": "D2539237#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/FAQ/7374\nLyndon B. Johnson",
"text": "\"Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States US Presidents Lyndon B. Johnson Unanswered | Answered Lyndon B. Johnson Parent Category: US Presidents Lyndon Baines Johnson, sometimes referred to as LBJ, was the 36th President of the United States. He was the first President to be from Texas.1 2 3 >Who is lyndon jhonso? Lyndon B. Johnson served as the 36th President of the United States. Johnson was a member of the Democratic Party, and was inoffice from 1963 to 1969. President Lyndon B. Johnson declared an unconditional war on what? Poverty Was Lyndon Johnsons war on poverty a good or bad idea? As with today, many the younger generation that it was a good idea, the old guard (the older generation) thought it was a bad idea. What was Lyndon B Johnsons mothers maiden name? His mother's maiden name is Bucchanan. What were the war policies of President Johnson during Vietnam?"
},
{
"docid": "D2396516#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_did_the_U.S._Congress_declare_war_on_Vietnam\nWhen did the U.S. Congress declare war on Vietnam?",
"text": "\"Answer by Ma9989009 Confidence votes 64.8KAlthough we refer to the military action in Vietnam as a war, it is technically classified only as a \"\"military engagement,\"\" which is considered one step short of war. Congress passed a joint resolution to take military action against the National Liberation Front (aka Viet Cong) on August 7, 1964, by a nearly unanimous vote of 88-2 in the Senate and 416-0 in the House. Only Senators Wayne Morse (D-OR) and Ernest Gruening (D-AK) dissented, stating that the U. S. had no business sending American troops into combat in another nation's civil war, and expressed dismay at how rapidly the hostilities between the U. S. and North Vietnam were escalating. The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (officially, the Southeast Asia Resolution, Public Law 88-408), was enacted in response to a relatively minor naval skirmish between the U. S. destroyers and North Vietnamese torpedo boats in the Gulf of Tonkin, off the coast of North Vietnam. President Johnson retaliated immediately by ordering air strikes on North Vietnamese naval bases. The resolution occurred during the final months of the 1964 Presidential campaign in which Johnson was standing for reelection, after completing the late President Kennedy's term of office. He made some use of fear-mongering tactics to garner public support. In a special message to the U. S. Congress on August 5, 1964, Johnson wrote, in part: \"\" The events of this week would in any event have made the passage of a Congressional Resolution essential. But there is an additional reason for doing so at a time when we are entering on three months of political campaigning. Hostile nations must understand that in such a period the United States will continue to protect its national interests, and that in these matters there is no division among us.\"\" ("
},
{
"docid": "D467956#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/history/gulf-tonkin-resolution-175ccd1322d7dabf\nWhat Was the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?",
"text": "History Modern History Vietnam War Q: What Was the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution? A: Quick Answer The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was a plan proposed by President Lyndon Johnson and ratified overwhelmingly by both houses of Congress that gave the president, as commander in chief, authorization to take any necessary measures to repel attacks and prevent aggression against United States forces in Vietnam. President Johnson used it as license to greatly expand American involvement in the Vietnam War without having to formally declare war. Continue Reading Keep Learning Why Did Congress Pass the War Powers Act? Why Did Vietnamization Fail? What Are Examples of a Chief Legislator? Full Answer By August 1964, the United States was actively involved in helping the South Vietnamese government oppose and contain communist forces in North Vietnam. On Aug. 2, while conducting electronic surveillance for espionage purposes in the Gulf of Tonkin, the destroyer USS Mattox was approached by North Vietnamese torpedo boats. After the Mattox fired some warning shots, the torpedo boats fired upon the Mattox. The destroyer received no damage, but retaliatory air strikes badly damaged the Vietnamese boats."
},
{
"docid": "D467959#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070120165129AAQwXCX\nWhy, during lyndon johnson's presidentcy, did congress pass the gulf of tonkin resolution.?",
"text": "Arts & Humanities History Why, during lyndon johnson's presidentcy, did congress pass the gulf of tonkin resolution.? Follow 5 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Following the Gulf of Tonkin Incident, Lyndon Johnson, who was up for re-election that year, launched retaliatory strikes and went on national television on August 4, 1964. Although the USS Maddox (DD-731) had been involved in providing intelligence support for South Vietnamese attacks at Hon Me and Hon Ngu, Johnson's Secretary of Defense, Robert Mc Namara, went before Congress and denied that the United States Navy was supporting South Vietnamese military operations. He thus characterized the attack as “unprovoked.” He also claimed before Congress that there was “unequivocal proof” of an “unprovoked” second attack against the Maddox. Mainly as a result of Mc Namara's testimony, on August 7, U. S. Congress passed a joint resolution (Wikisource: H. J. RES 1145) that facilitated increased U. S. military activity in Vietnam. The floor vote in the House was 416-0 although Representative Eugene Siler of Kentucky paired against the Resolution. The Senate approved it 88-2, with Senators Wayne Morse of Oregon and Ernest Gruening of Alaska casting the only nay votes. It is of historical significance because it gave U. S. President Lyndon B. Johnson approval, without a formal declaration of war, “To take all necessary steps, including the use of armed force, to assist any member or protocol state of the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty requesting assistance in defense of its freedom.” [ 1] Both Johnson and President Richard Nixon used the Resolution as a justification for escalated involvement in Indochina."
},
{
"docid": "D1488414#0",
"title": "http://spartacus-educational.com/VietnamWar.htm\nThe Vietnam War",
"text": "\"The Vietnam War Sections Ho Chi Minh Democratic Republic of Vietnam Dien Bien Phu Ngo Dinh Diem Eisenhower & Vietnam War Vietcong Kennedy & Vietnam War Buddhist Protests Johnson & Vietnam War Gulf of Tonkin Operation Rolling Thunder U. S. Marines in South Vietnam Search & Destroy Ho Chi Minh Trail Chemical Weapons U. S. Solders in Vietnam The Tet Offensive Anti-Vietnam Protest Movement Nixon & Vietnam War Primary Sources Vietnam is a small country to the south of China ('Vietnamese' means \"\"non-Chinese people of the south\"\"). In 111 BC, Vietnam became part of the Chinese Empire. For the next thousand years Vietnam struggled to gain its independence from its much larger neighbour. This was achieved in 938 AD. The long period of Chinese rule had left its mark on Vietnam. The language, religion, architecture, system of government and most other aspects of Vietnamese life, reflected the influence of the Chinese. In the 17th Century, French missionaries arrived in Vietnam. The Catholic priests received a friendly welcome from the Vietnamese people and they were allowed to live and work in the country. However, the Vietnamese authorities became concerned when the missionaries began to recruit the local people to Roman Catholicism. The converted Catholics were told to abandon their religious customs including that of taking several wives."
},
{
"docid": "D2518275#0",
"title": "http://fair.org/media-beat-column/30-year-anniversary-tonkin-gulf-lie-launched-vietnam-war/\n30-Year Anniversary: Tonkin Gulf Lie Launched Vietnam War",
"text": "July 27, 199430-Year Anniversary: Tonkin Gulf Lie Launched Vietnam War Jeff Cohen and Norman Solomon The New York Times (8/8/64) reporting the Gulf of Tonkin resolution. Thirty years ago, it all seemed very clear. “American Planes Hit North Vietnam After Second Attack on Our Destroyers; Move Taken to Halt New Aggression”, announced a Washington Post headline on August 5, 1964. That same day, the front page of the New York Times reported: “President Johnson has ordered retaliatory action against gunboats and ‘certain supporting facilities in North Vietnam’ after renewed attacks against American destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin. ”But there was no “second attack” by North Vietnam — no “renewed attacks against American destroyers.” By reporting official claims as absolute truths, American journalism opened the floodgates for the bloody Vietnam War. A pattern took hold: continuous government lies passed on by pliant mass media…leading to over 50,000 American deaths and millions of Vietnamese casualties. The official story was that North Vietnamese torpedo boats launched an “unprovoked attack” against a U. S. destroyer on “routine patrol” in the Tonkin Gulf on Aug. 2 — and that North Vietnamese PT boats followed up with a “deliberate attack” on a pair of U. S. ships two days later. The truth was very different. Rather than being on a routine patrol Aug. 2, the U. S. destroyer Maddox was actually engaged in aggressive intelligence-gathering maneuvers — in sync with coordinated attacks on North Vietnam by the South Vietnamese navy and the Laotian air force."
},
{
"docid": "D3194678#0",
"title": "https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-war-powers-act-of-1973-definition-summary.html\nThe War Powers Act of 1973: Definition & Summary",
"text": "Instructor: Mark Pearcy Who makes decisions about going to war - Congress, the President or both? The War Powers Resolution of 1973 was an attempt to clear up the question, but it only succeeded in making a gray area even more ambiguous. Learn about this chapter in history and the events that led up to it. What Is the War Powers Act? The War Powers Act, also known as the War Powers Resolution of 1973, requires the following: the President, upon sending troops into military action, must notify Congress within 48 hours that he has done so. The Resolution also forbids military personnel from remaining in a state of conflict for more than 60 days (including an additional 30 days for withdrawal). After that, the President must seek an additional authorization from Congress or a formal declaration of war. So, you may ask, how was war declared prior to 1973? For an answer to that question, we'll have to look back at some prior conflicts and at the U. S. Constitution. Background The last time the United States declared war against another nation was on June 4, 1942, against Romania."
},
{
"docid": "D2518274#0",
"title": "http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/congress-passes-gulf-of-tonkin-resolution\nCongress passes Gulf of Tonkin Resolution",
"text": "Cold War1964Congress passes Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Share this:facebook twitter google+Print Cite The United States Congress overwhelming approves the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, giving President Lyndon B. Johnson nearly unlimited powers to oppose “communist aggression” in Southeast Asia. The resolution marked the beginning of an expanded military role for the United States in the Cold War battlefields of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. By 1964, America’s ally, South Vietnam, was in serious danger of falling to a communist insurgency. The insurgents, aided by communist North Vietnam, controlled large areas of South Vietnam, and no amount of U. S. military aid and training seemed able to save the southern regime. During the presidencies of Dwight D. Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy, hundreds-and then thousands-of U. S. military advisers had been sent to South Vietnam to train that nation’s military forces. In addition, hundreds of millions of dollars in military and economic assistance had been given to South Vietnam. The administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson made the decision that only direct U. S. military intervention in the conflict could turn the tide. However, Johnson was campaigning in the presidential election of 1964 as the “responsible” candidate who would not send American troops to fight and die in Asia. In early August, a series of events occurred that allowed Johnson to appear statesmanlike while simultaneously expanding the U. S. role in Vietnam. On August 2, North Vietnamese torpedo boats attacked an American destroyer in the Gulf of Tonkin."
},
{
"docid": "D1828602#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/2582147/vietnam-war-flash-cards/\nVietnam War",
"text": "\"51 terms krmartin95Vietnam War Vietnam War was a Cold War military conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from November 1, , to April 30, 1975 when Saigon fell. This war followed the First Indochina War and was fought between North Vietnam, supported by its communist allies, and the government of South Vietnam, supported by the United States and other capitalist nations (Wikipedia). Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Bao Dai Ruler who was unable to exercise any of his powers without the support of French regime. Became premier of independent vietnam: ngo din diem outmaneuvered bao dai Viet Minh Communist-dominated Nationalist Movement. Ruled Vietnam when Japanese rule ended. Leader was Ho Chi Minh. Geneva Conference French wanted out of Vietnam , the agreement signed by Ho Chi Minh France divided Vietnam on the 17th parallel, confining Minh's government to the North. In the South, an independent government was headed by Diem."
}
] |
620098
|
what did the gun control act of 1968 do
|
[
{
"docid": "D822650#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_Control_Act_of_1968\nGun Control Act of 1968",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Gun Control Act of 1968Other short titles State Firearms Control Assistance Act Long title An Act to amend title 18, United States Code, to provide for better control of the interstate traffic in firearms. Acronyms (colloquial)GCA, GCA68Enacted by the 90th United States Congress Effective October 22, 1968Citations Public law 90-618Statutes at Large 82 Stat. 1213-2Codification Titles amended 18 U. S. C.: Crimes and Criminal Procedure U. S. C. sections amended 18 U. S. C. ch. 44 § 921Legislative history Introduced in the House as H. R. 17735Passed the House on July 24, 1968 ( 305-118)Passed the Senate on September 18, 1968 ( 70-17, in lieu of S. 3633)Reported by the joint conference committee on October 10, 1968; agreed to by the House on October 10, 1968 ( 161-129) and by the Senate on Signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on October 22, 1968Major amendments Firearm Owners Protection Act Firearm legal topics of the United States of America Amendment IIAssault weapon Assault weapons legislation Bump stocks Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF)Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act Campus carry in the U. S. Concealed carry in the U. S. Connecticut Children's Safety Act Constitutional carry Domestic Violence Offender Gun Ban Federal Assault Weapons Ban Federal Firearms Act of 1938Federal Firearms License Firearm case law Firearm Owners Protection Act Gun Control Act of 1968Gun-Free School Zones Act (GFSZA)Gun law in the U. S. Gun laws in the U. S. by state Gun politics in the U. S. High-capacity magazine ban International treaties for arms control National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS)National Firearms Act (NFA)NY SAFE Act Open carry in the U. S. Right to keep and bear arms in the U. S. Sullivan Act (New York)Suppressor Tiahrt Amendment Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act United States portalv t e The Gun Control Act of 1968 ( GCA or GCA68) is a U. S. federal law that regulates the firearms industry and firearms owners. It primarily focuses on regulating interstate commerce in firearms by generally prohibiting interstate firearms transfers except among licensed manufacturers, dealers and importers. The GCA was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on October 22, 1968, and is Title I of the U. S. federal firearms laws. The National Firearms Act of 1934 (NFA) is Title II. Both GCA and NFA are enforced by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). Contents [ hide ]1 History2 Prohibited persons3 Federal Firearms License (FFL) system3.1 Gunsmith and Factory Repair Exception4 Import restrictions5 Marking requirements6 Commentary7 See also8 References9 Further reading10 External links History [ edit]Passage of the Gun Control Act was initially prompted by the assassination of U. S. President John F. Kennedy in 1963. [ 1] The President was shot and killed with a rifle purchased by mail-order from an ad in the magazine American Rifleman. ["
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D2707550#0",
"title": "http://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/sociology-and-social-reform/sociology-general-terms-and-concepts/great\nGreat Society, The",
"text": "Great Society, The LEGISLATIVE ACTIONSFUNDING PROBLEMSTHE GREAT SOCIETY REVISITEDBIBLIOGRAPHYThe term Great Society, which refers to the set of domestic programs initiated by Lyndon B. Johnson, who became the U. S. president after the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 1963, was coined by Johnson ’ s speechwriter Richard N. Goodwin early in 1964. In an address during commencement exercises at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor on May 22, Johnson used the term publicly for the first time. The new chief executive, eager to map out his own legislative agenda, challenged the American people to build a society “ where progress is the servant of our needs, ” a society “ where old values and new visions are buried under unbridled growth, ” a society that “ rests on abundance and liberty for all, ” a society that “ demands an end to poverty and racial injustice. ” Johnson identified the three places to begin the building of the Great Society — in the cities, in the countryside, and in the classrooms. He catalogued the social ills that needed to be corrected — urban decay, inadequate housing, poor transportation, environmental pollution, overburdened seashores, disappearing green fields, a poorly educated adult population, overcrowded classrooms, outdated curricula, unqualified teachers, and inadequate college funding. The far-thinking president envisioned a society where people are more concerned with the “ quality of their goals ” than the “ quantity of their goods, ” a glorious America where the meaning of people ’ s lives matches the marvelous products of their labor ( Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, pp. 704 – 707). Johnson, who came to Washington during the 1930s, modeled his domestic initiatives on Franklin D. Roosevelt ’ s New Deal, the policies implemented to combat the effects of the Great Depression. At the same time, the concept of the Great Society was meant to continue the legislative program begun by President Kennedy, called the New Frontier, and its implementation followed the same path. The 1960s legislation, in contrast to the New Deal of the 1930s, was begun in a period of economic prosperity."
},
{
"docid": "D3064684#0",
"title": "https://www.bloomberg.com/quicktake/lone-wolf-terrorism\nLone-Wolf Terrorism",
"text": "Photographer: Matthew Lloyd/Bloomberg Lone-Wolf Terrorism By Chris Strohm Updated on December 11, 2017 11:06:19 AM PSTFrom In the Sept. 11 attacks, al-Qaeda showed just how much destruction a well-organized terrorist network could wreak through coordinated strikes. Fifteen years later, a terrorist used a rented truck to kill 86 people on a seafront promenade in Nice, France, illustrating a different kind of threat that the West is increasingly facing: individuals inspired by the goals of militant Islamic groups but acting with little or no physical connection to them. These so-called lone-wolf terrorists are especially difficult to detect in advance, and thus to stop. Their violence is fueling debates in the U. S. and Europe over issues including gun control, online privacy and immigration from Muslim countries. The Situation An attempt to set off a bomb in New York’s Times Square subway station Dec. 11 appeared to be an act of lone wolf. Such terrorists are generally defined as acting alone or with one or two others, without specific instructions, with a political motivation but no formal ties to an organization. Attacks by lone wolves, at least until recently, were relatively rare, accounting for 1.8 percent of terrorist attacks in the U. S. and 14 other industrialized countries between 1968 and 2010. Yet officials in the U. S. and many countries within the European Union say the risk of attacks by independent jihadists is rising, especially with the 2017 collapse of the proto-state established by militants of the group Islamic State in Iraq and Syria. Sociologists and criminologists say lone wolves tend to harbor both personal and political grievances. More often than not, they display signs of mental instability, which may help explain their attraction to extreme causes and their inability to function within a larger group."
},
{
"docid": "D1356319#0",
"title": "http://www.lbjlibrary.org/lyndon-baines-johnson/perspectives-and-essays/seeing-is-believing-the-enduring-legacy-of-lyndon-johnson\nSeeing Is Believing - The Enduring Legacy of Lyndon Johnson",
"text": "Joe Califano in the Cabinet Room [LBJ Library photo by Yoichi Okamoto #A6834-11]Seeing Is Believing - The Enduring Legacy of Lyndon Johnson The Keynote Address by Joseph A. Califano, Jr. at the Centennial Celebration for President Lyndon Baines Johnson Kaiser Family Foundation Washington, D. C. May 19, 2008For many in this room, Lyndon Johnson’s Centennial is a time for personal memories. We remember how LBJ drove himself—and many of us—to use every second of his Presidency. We remember his five a.m. wake-up calls asking about a front page story in the New York Times—the edition that had not yet been delivered to our home; his insatiable appetite for a program to cure every ill he saw; his insistence that every call from a member of Congress be returned on the day it was received—even if it meant running the member down in a barroom, bathroom or bedroom; his insistence that hearings begin one day after we sent a bill to Congress; his pressure to get more seniors enrolled in Medicare, more blacks registered to vote, more schools desegregated, more kids signed up for Head Start, more Mexican-Americans taking college scholarships or loans, more billboards torn down faster—for the country, and for Lady Bird. And we remember his signature admonition: “Do it now. Not next week. Not tomorrow. Not later today. Now. ”We who served him saw that Lyndon Johnson could be brave and brutal, compassionate and cruel, incredibly intelligent and infuriatingly stubborn. We came to know his shrewd and uncanny instinct for the jugular of both allies and adversaries."
},
{
"docid": "D822653#0",
"title": "http://keepandbeararms.com/laws/gca68.htm\n.",
"text": "\"An Act to amend title 18, United States Code, to provide for better control of the interstate traffic in firearms. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, that this Act may be cited as the \"\"Gun Control Act of 1968\"\". Title I -- State Firearms Control Assistance Purpose Sec. 101. The Congress hereby declares that the purpose of this title is to provide support to Federal, State, and local law enforcement officials in their fight against crime and violence, and it is not the purpose of this title to place any undue or unnecessary Federal restrictions or burdens on law-abiding citizens with respect to the acquisition, possession, or use of firearms appropriate to the purpose of hunting, trapshooting, target shooting, personal protection, or any other lawful activity, and that this title is not intended to discourage or eliminate the private ownership or use of firearms by law-abiding citizens for lawful purposes, or provide for the imposition by Federal regulations of any procedures or requirements other than those reasonably necessary to implement and effectuate the provisions of this title. * * * * Chapter 44 Firearms Sec.921. Definitions.922. Unlawful acts.923. Licensing.924. Penalties.925."
},
{
"docid": "D2343553#0",
"title": "http://www.xdtalk.com/threads/xdm-in-380.174203/\nXDm in .380?",
"text": "\"XDm in .380? Discussion in ' XD-M Discussion Room - XD (M) ' started by Tall_Monty_MI, Apr 23, 2011 . Page 1 of 41 2 3 4 Next >Apr 23, 2011 #1Tall_Monty_MIXDTalk Newbie Joined: Apr 20, 2011Messages: 17Likes Received: 0Trophy Points: 0Location: W. Michigan Ratings: +0 / 0So I was going through some of the other threads and began to wonder, \"\"What if Springfield made a pocket gun/mouse gun XDm in .380?\"\" So I'll ask you guys: How many of you would consider buying one (assume that it has the same quality & reliability as current XD's/XDm's)? Would you prefer it to look like the other .380's on the market (e.g. S&W Bodyguard 380, Ruger LCP, Kel-Tec P3AT, etc. ), or more like a scaled down version of an XDm? If you would buy one, how would you use it... would it be strictly a backup gun, or an occasional primary CC gun, or what? What features would you like to see (e.g. integrated laser, backstraps, DAO or DA/SA, etc.)? How many rounds should the magazine hold, and should they be single stack or double? Do you think the current .380 pocket gun/mouse gun craze is going to continue for the foreseeable future or is it a passing \"\"fad?\"\""
},
{
"docid": "D177327#0",
"title": "http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-9th-circuit/1133239.html\nUNITED STATES v. CARTER",
"text": "Find Law Caselaw United States US 9th Cir. UNITED STATES v. CARTERUNITED STATES v. CARTERReset AAFont size: Print United States Court of Appeals,Ninth Circuit. UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Kennard CARTER, Defendant-Appellant. No. 03-10377. Decided: August 25, 2005Before HALL, BRUNETTI, and GRABER, Circuit Judges. David W. Fermino, Assistant Federal Public Defender, San Francisco, CA, for the appellant. Philip J. Kearney, Assistant United States Attorney, San Francisco, CA, for the appellee. Kennard Carter appeals the imposition of a sentence enhancement pursuant to United States Sentencing Guideline § 2K2.1 (b) (4), which mandates a two-point offense-level enhancement for certain firearms offenses when any firearm involved has an altered or obliterated serial number. This case requires us, as a matter of first impression, to construe the meaning of the phrase “altered or obliterated” as used in Guideline § 2K2.1 (b) (4)."
},
{
"docid": "D692765#0",
"title": "http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000060/bio\nBiography",
"text": "\"Edit Gregory Peck Biography Showing all 203 items Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (2) | Trade Mark (5) | Trivia (147) |Personal Quotes (38) | Salary (5)Overview (5)Born April 5, 1916 in La Jolla [now in San Diego], California, USADied June 12, 2003 in Los Angeles, California, USA (cardiorespiratory arrest and bronchial pneumonia)Birth Name Eldred Gregory Peck Nicknames Father Peck Greg Height 6' 2½\"\" (1.89 m)Mini Bio (1)Eldred Gregory Peck was born on April 5, 1916 in La Jolla, California, to Bernice Mary (Ayres) and Gregory Pearl Peck, a chemist and druggist in San Diego. He had Irish (from his paternal grandmother), English, and some German, ancestry. His parents divorced when he was five years old. An only child, he was sent to live with his grandmother. He never felt he had a stable childhood. His fondest memories are of his grandmother taking him to the movies every week and of his dog, which followed him everywhere. He studied pre-med at UC-Berkeley and, while there, got bitten by the acting bug and decided to change the focus of his studies. He enrolled in the Neighborhood Playhouse in New York and debuted on Broadway after graduation. His debut was in Emlyn Williams ' play \"\"The Morning Star\"\" (1942). By 1943, he was in Hollywood, where he debuted in the RKO film Days of Glory (1944)."
},
{
"docid": "D798989#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Instant_Criminal_Background_Check_System\nNational Instant Criminal Background Check System",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Emblem of the NICSThe National Instant Criminal Background Check System ( NICS) is a United States system for determining if prospective firearms or explosives buyers' name and birth year match those of a person who is not eligible to buy. It was mandated by the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act (Brady Law) of 1993 and launched by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in 1998. After a prospective buyer completes the appropriate form, the holder of a Federal Firearms License (FFL) initiates the background check by phone or computer. Most checks are determined within minutes. If a determination is not obtained within three business days then the transfer may legally be completed. Background checks are not required under federal law for intrastate firearm transfers between private parties. Some states require background checks for firearm transfers. These states either require gun sales to be processed through an FFL holder, or they require that the buyer obtain a license or permit from the state. Contents [ hide ]1 Background2 Functionality3 Notable claims of failures4 Firearm denial appeals5 Prohibited persons6 See also7 References8 Further reading9 External links Background [ edit]Running background checks was discussed as early as the 1930s. [ 1] The Gun Control Act of 1968 (GCA) mandated that individual and corporate firearms dealers have a Federal Firearms License (FFL)."
},
{
"docid": "D2071021#0",
"title": "http://www.snopes.com/politics/clintons/felon.asp\nBill Clinton, Felonious Draft Dodger?",
"text": "\"Bill Clinton, Felonious Draft Dodger? Was Bill Clinton the 'first pardoned federal felon ever to serve as President of the U. S.'?808Claim: Bill Clinton was the “first pardoned federal felon ever to serve as President of the U. S.”FALSEExample: [Collected via e-mail, 2002]First Pardoned Federal Felon ever to serve as President of the U. S. Bill Clinton’s Draft Records from the Freedom of Information Act files show he was a Pardoned Federal Felon* Bill Clinton registers for the draft on September 08, 1964, accepting all contractual conditions of registering for the draft. Given Selective Service Number 3 26 46 228. * Bill Clinton classified 2-S on November 17, 1964. * Bill Clinton reclassified 1-A on March 20, 1968. * Bill Clinton ordered to report for induction on July 28, 1969. * Bill Clinton dishonors order to report and is not inducted into the military. * Bill Clinton reclassified 1-D after enlisting in the United States Army Reserves on August 07, 1969 under authority of Col. E. Holmes. Clinton signs enlistment papers and takes oath of enlistment. *"
},
{
"docid": "D1230441#0",
"title": "https://www.unconvicted.com/can-i-own-a-gun-after-my-expungement/\nCan I Own a Gun After My Expungement?",
"text": "\"Can I Own a Gun After My Expungement? May 9, 2016 By Brad Clark 20 Comments Many of the people seeking to clear their records have asked me the same thing–“So if I get this done, can I get a gun? Can I get a carry concealed permit?” And the answer to that question is the one that lawyers always give: maybe. So, I’m putting this post up to talk a little bit about the intersection of the Second Amendment, the Federal Domestic Violence Offender Gun Ban, KRS 436.076, 436.078, and the new House Bill 40. If you or a loved one has had any of their rights restricted as a result of a criminal proceeding in Kentucky, visit Unconvicted and get a free evaluation to see if you can have those rights restored. So what are some ways I can lose my Second Amendment right to possess a firearm? There are three common ways Kentuckians can lose their right to posses a gun:any conviction for a felony after 1994;a conviction for a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence; orbeing subject to certain types of restraining orders. Most people are aware of the first type of firearm restriction. The law is a bit more nuanced though."
},
{
"docid": "D1200369#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_law_in_the_United_States\nGun law in the United States",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about federal gun laws. For state and local gun laws, see Gun laws in the United States by state. Firearm legal topics of the United States of America Amendment IIAssault weapon Assault weapons legislation Bump stocks Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF)Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act Campus carry in the U. S. Concealed carry in the U. S. Connecticut Children's Safety Act Constitutional carry Domestic Violence Offender Gun Ban Federal Assault Weapons Ban Federal Firearms Act of 1938Federal Firearms License Firearm case law Firearm Owners Protection Act Gun Control Act of 1968Gun-Free School Zones Act (GFSZA)Gun law in the U. S. Gun laws in the U. S. by state Gun politics in the U. S. High-capacity magazine ban International treaties for arms control National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS)National Firearms Act (NFA)NY SAFE Act Open carry in the U. S. Right to keep and bear arms in the U. S. Sullivan Act (New York)Suppressor Tiahrt Amendment Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act United States portalv t e Gun laws by country Overview Australia Brazil Canada China Czech Republic European Union Finland France Germany Honduras Italy Ireland Jamaica Kuwait Mexico New Zealand Norway Pakistan Philippines South Africa Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom United States USSRv t e Gun laws of the United States are found in a number of federal statutes. These laws regulate the manufacture, trade, possession, transfer, record keeping, transport, and destruction of firearms, ammunition, and firearms accessories. They are enforced by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). In addition to federal gun laws, all of the individual U. S. states, as well as some local governments, have their own laws that regulate firearms. The right to keep and bear arms is protected by the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution. Contents [ hide ]1 Major federal gun laws1.1 Overview of current regulations2 Second Amendment3 Eligible persons4 Manufacturers5 See also6 References7 External links Major federal gun laws [ edit]Most federal gun laws are found in the following acts: [1] [2]National Firearms Act (\"\"NFA\"\") (1934): Taxes the manufacture and transfer of, and mandates the registration of Title II weapons such as machine guns, short-barreled rifles and shotguns, heavy weapons, explosive ordnance, silencers, and disguised or improvised firearms. Federal Firearms Act of 1938 (\"\"FFA\"\"): Requires that gun manufacturers, importers, and persons in the business of selling firearms have a Federal Firearms License (FFL). Prohibits the transfer of firearms to certain classes of persons, such as convicted felons."
},
{
"docid": "D2437758#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_year_did_serial_numbers_start_being_required_on_22_rifles\nWhat year did serial numbers start being required on weapons?",
"text": "Dbrisker What year did serial numbers start being required on weapons? Answer . \\n As far as I can find 1968 was when the rule became federal law All Hat No Horse What is the year of a 22 rifle with the serial number B1568122? Answer . Need more information. Start with the manufacturer or trade name marked on the rifle. I can find 50 or more models that COULD have a 7-digit serial number with a …Ndbbm 90,311 Contributions What year was the Winchester mod 06 22 rifle serial number 740000 made? Proofhouse.com has Winchester sn tables. Roy Forssberg 371,424 Contributions What year was Winchester rifle 22 cal serial number 812787 made? We need a model number to give you an answer."
},
{
"docid": "D1849210#0",
"title": "http://www.davekopel.org/2A/LawRev/american-revolution-against-british-gun-control.html\nThe American Revolution against British Gun Control",
"text": "\"The American Revolution against British Gun Control By David B. Kopel *Administrative and Regulatory Law News (American Bar Association). Vol. 37, no. 4, Summer 2012. More by Kopel on the right to arms in the Founding Era. This Article reviews the British gun control program that precipitated the American Revolution: the 1774 import ban on firearms and gunpowder; the 1774-75 confiscations of firearms and gunpowder; and the use of violence to effectuate the confiscations. It was these events that changed a situation of political tension into a shooting war. Each of these British abuses provides insights into the scope of the modern Second Amendment. Furious at the December 1773 Boston Tea Party, Parliament in 1774 passed the Coercive Acts. The particular provisions of the Coercive Acts were offensive to Americans, but it was the possibility that the British might deploy the army to enforce them that primed many colonists for armed resistance."
},
{
"docid": "D1591722#0",
"title": "http://www.guncite.com/journals/lundpol.html\nThe Second Amendment, Political Liberty, and the Right to Self-Preservation",
"text": "\" [ Back | Home ] [Copyright © 1987 Alabama Law Review. Originally published as 39 Ala. L. Rev. 103-130 (1987). Permission for WWW use at this site generously granted by the University of Alabama, Alabama Law Review ( http://boots.law.ua.edu/lawreview/) and the author. For educational use only. The printed edition remains canonical. For citational use please obtain a back issue from William S. Hein & Co., 1285 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14209; 716-882-2600 or 800-828-7571. ] The Second Amendment, Political Liberty, and the Right to Self-Preservation Nelson Lund [*]A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.--The Second Amendment I. Introduction The Second Amendment to the United States Constitution has become the most embarrassing provision of the Bill of Rights. Although crime, violence, and gun control have been among the hottest topics of political controversy over the past two decades, civil libertarians have generally shown much less enthusiasm about the Second Amendment than about other provisions of the Bill of Rights. The federal courts have also been manifestly uncomfortable with the Second Amendment and, in recent times, have declined every opportunity to give it the same thorough consideration that is automatically given to by the other specific guarantees of the first eight amendments. The lower courts generally have either adopted an interpretation that is implausible on its face, inconsistent with Supreme Court precedent, and unsupported by historical evidence about the intention of the Framers, or adhered to ancient precedents that treated the Bill of Rights as being inapplicable to the states."
},
{
"docid": "D3163022#0",
"title": "http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/using-gun-trust-pass-firearms.html\nUsing a Gun Trust to Pass on Firearms",
"text": "Many gun owners have been hearing a lot about the benefits of “gun trusts,” which are specifically designed to hold ownership of firearms. Usually, these trusts are used for firearms that are subject to strict federal and state regulations, but they may include other kinds of weapons as well. Gun trusts can make it easier to handle firearms after the owner’s death—and may prevent surviving family members from inadvertently violating the law. Related Products MOREEvery Californian's Guide to Estate Planning Make Your Own Living Trust The Executor's Guide Online Will Related Ads Types of Weapons Held in Trust Commonly, gun trusts are used for weapons that are regulated by two federal laws: the National Firearms Act of 1934 (NFA) and a revision of that law, Title II of the Gun Control Act of 1968. These weapons are often called NFA or Title II firearms. NFA weapons include machine guns, silencers, short-barreled rifles, and short-barreled shotguns (including sawed-off shotguns), grenades, and others. NFA weapons must have a serial number and be registered with the federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, commonly called the ATF or BATF. ( If such a weapon isn’t already registered, you cannot register it; it is illegal to own.) They can be possessed and used only by the registered owner. To transfer a registered firearm, the owner must get ATF approval and pay a $200 tax ($5 for some items)."
},
{
"docid": "D2312774#0",
"title": "http://thefederalist.com/2016/06/13/the-assault-weapons-ban-is-a-stupid-idea-pushed-by-stupid-people/\nThe Assault Weapons Ban Is A Stupid Idea Pushed By Stupid People",
"text": "\"Guns The Assault Weapons Ban Is A Stupid Idea Pushed By Stupid People According to FBI statistics, you are far more likely to be beaten to death by someone's fists than you are to be killed with a rifle. By Sean Davis June 13, 2016It happens like clock work: as soon as there’s a mere whisper of a terrorist attack or a mass shooting, the usual suspects kick in to high gear. Their destination is always the same: a faraway land where a so-called assault weapons ban magically eliminates not only guns but also prevents guns from walking of their own volition, without need of human agency, into crowded places and killing people. The reaction after the terrorist attack in Orlando, in which a radical Islamist who pledged allegiance to ISIS murdered at least 49 people in a packed night club, was as predictable as it was pathetic. These shootings are a regular occurrence. You don't get to be \"\"shocked\"\" anymore unless you take action to stop them. Ban automatic weapons. Seth Mac Farlane (@Seth Mac Farlane) June 12, 2016Prayers are not enough. Time for a ban on automatic weapons. There is only one reason they exist and that is to kill our fellow man."
},
{
"docid": "D261170#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robbery\nRobbery",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other uses, see Robbery (disambiguation). \"\" Robber\"\", \"\"Holdup\"\", and \"\"Stick up\"\" redirect here. For other uses, see Robber (disambiguation), Holdup (disambiguation), and Stick up (disambiguation). A masked robber threatens a person with a gun in Germany, December 1931. Criminal law Elements Actus reus Mens rea Causation Concurrence Scope of criminal liability Complicity Corporate Vicarious Severity of offense Felony Infraction (also called violation)Misdemeanor Inchoate offenses Attempt Conspiracy Incitement Solicitation Offence against the person Assassination Assault Battery Bigamy Criminal negligence False imprisonment Home invasion Homicide Kidnapping Manslaughter ( corporate) Mayhem Murdercorporate Negligent homicide Public indecency Rape Robbery Sexual assault Crimes against property Arson Blackmail Bribery Burglary Embezzlement Extortion False pretenses Fraud Larceny Payola Pickpocketing Possessing stolen property Robbery Smuggling Tax evasion Theft Crimes against justice Compounding Malfeasance in office Miscarriage of justice Misprision Obstruction Perjury Perverting the course of justice Victimless crimes Adultery Apostasy Buggery Providing contraception information ( Comstock law)Dueling Fornication Gambling Incest Lewd and lascivious behavior Exhibitionism Creation of obscenity Prostitution Recreational drug use (including alcohol, when prohibited) Sodomy Suicide Crimes against animals Cruelty to animals Wildlife smuggling Bestiality Defences to liability Automatism Consent Defence of property Diminished responsibility Duress Entrapment Ignorantia juris non excusat Infancy Insanity Justification Mistake ( of law) Necessity Provocation Self-defence Other common-law areas Contracts Evidence Property Torts Wills, trusts and estates Portals Criminal justice Lawv t e Robbery is the crime of taking or attempting to take anything of value by force, threat of force, or by putting the victim in fear. According to common law, robbery is defined as taking the property of another, with the intent to permanently deprive the person of that property, by means of force or fear; that is, it is a larceny or theft accomplished by an assault. [ 1] Precise definitions of the offence may vary between jurisdictions. Robbery is differentiated from other forms of theft (such as burglary, shoplifting, or car theft) by its inherently violent nature (a violent crime ); whereas many lesser forms of theft are punished as misdemeanors, robbery is always a felony in jurisdictions that distinguish between the two. Under English law, most forms of theft are triable either way, whereas robbery is triable only on indictment. The word \"\"rob\"\" came via French from Late Latin words (e.g., deraubare) of Germanic origin, from Common Germanic raub -- \"\"theft\"\"."
},
{
"docid": "D2336651#0",
"title": "http://www.75thrra.com/history/k75_hx.html\nTHE HISTORICAL ORIGINS AND ACTIVITIES OF K COMPANY (RANGER), 75TH INFANTRY (AIRBORNE), 4TH INFANTRY DIVISION, REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM",
"text": "\"THE HISTORICAL ORIGINS AND ACTIVITIES OF K COMPANY (RANGER), 75TH INFANTRY (AIRBORNE), 4TH INFANTRY DIVISION, REPUBLIC OF VIET NAMDuring the Vietnam War K Company (RANGER), 75TH Infantry (Airborne) was on the active roles of the United States Army from 1 February 1969 to 10 December1970. The Ranger Companies of the Viet Nam War were in continuous combat longer than organized companies of Rangers in any other war, then or since. With them, a proud and unique military heritage was resurrected from the pages of American history and a new chapter was added. Ranger units had been raised and deployed in an ad hoc fashion in every one of our nation's wars, but they were quickly disbanded after each war. Not so after Vietnam, where they proved themselves henceforth indispensable. The nature of warfare had changed. These Rangers helped write the new rules. The guns, the uniform, and the method of travel had evolved, but the Ranger mission in Viet Nam was essentially the same as it had been since the 1600's, when American colonists \"\"ranged\"\" far and wide to defend the frontiers: Small groups of highly skilled and courageous men armed and equipped with the latest weapons and technology, went out to confront an enemy and defeat him against all odds. The units of the 75th Infantry (Airborne) Regiment of Rangers were so successful in their operations that they were singled out for special recognition by the Secretary of the Army. They were awarded the Presidential Unit Citation, the Valorous Unit Award, the Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm, and the Vietnam Civil Action Honor Medal."
},
{
"docid": "D1413302#0",
"title": "http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sociopolitica/esp_sociopol_un10a.htm\n.",
"text": "\"FIRST PART AND WAR PREPARATIONSIN AMERICAAMERICA IN PERILBlack helicopters and foreign troops have been reported in various parts of United States by Patriots, large daily papers and even television. Who are they? Where are they from? Why are they here? Who give them permission to train on American and Canadian soil. ' Some rumors highlight the scary nightmare of a \"\"Coup d'Etat\"\" is believed to be underway to overthrow democracy in order to give full powers to the United Nations' One World Order. It is also believed that those troops are mixing up with other Agencies and organizations such FINCEN, FEMA, M. J. T. F. and B. A. T. F., Police Forces, Rex-84 and Operation DRAGNET, etc... For months and months since 1993, our Press Agency: The International Free Press Agency and Network, in Canada, is in close contact with somebody in Michigan who is himself a personal friend of Mark, a fanner U. S. Army Intelligence and Counter-intelligence Analyst. In a two hours video we received along with others documents, Mark delivers a frightening message concerning the tools the United Nations Military and Police Forces will be u-sing to put an end to the Age of Democracy in United States and Canada before mid-summer of 1999. The transcription of the video-tape called AMERICA IN PERIL has been reproduced in CONTACT Newspaper Vol.4, No.2 (Jan.4, 1994), and in Vol.4, No.3 (Jan.ll, 1994), and also in \"\" THE NEW WORLD ORDER IN NORTH AMERICA \"\", a 1993 book wrote by Dr. Robert O'Driscoll, who also owns the copyright for this material. Dr. O'Driscoll can be reached at St. Michael's College, University of Toronto, 81 St. Mary Street, Toronto, Canada M5S 1J4; phone (1-519-848-2478), or Fax no. ("
},
{
"docid": "D45643#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Richard_Nixon\nPresidency of Richard Nixon",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For a chronological guide to this subject, see Timeline of the presidency of Richard Nixon. This article is part of a series about Richard Nixon Birthplace 1946 U. S. House election1950 U. S. Senate election\"\" Checkers speech \"\"Vice President of the United States Motorcade attack Kitchen Debate Operation 40 1960 presidential election Post-vice presidency1962 gubernatorial bid\"\"Last press conference\"\"President of the United States Presidency First term1968 presidential electioncampaign1st Inauguration Nixon Doctrine War policy Visit to China Nixonomics Nixon shock EPA Environmental policy Clean Water NOAA War on Cancer War on Drugs Second term1972 presidential election Convention2nd Inauguration Détente Paris Peace Accords Endangered Species Act Watergate scandal Timeline Tapes United States v. Nixon Watergate Committee Impeachment process Speech Post-presidency Pardon The Nixon Interviews Nixon v. General Services Administration State funeral Electoral history Presidential Library and Museum Foundation Center for the National Interest Six Crises Bibliographyv t e The presidency of Richard Nixon began at noon EST on January 20, 1969, when Richard Nixon was inaugurated as 37th President of the United States, and ended on August 9, 1974, when he resigned in the face of almost certain impeachment and removal from office, the first U. S. president ever to do so. He was succeeded by Vice President Gerald Ford, who had become vice president nine months earlier, following Spiro Agnew 's resignation from office. A Republican, Nixon took office after the 1968 presidential election, in which he defeated Hubert Humphrey, the then– incumbent Vice President. Four years later, in 1972, he won reelection in a landslide victory over George Mc Govern. Nixon, the 37th United States president, succeeded Lyndon B. Johnson, who had launched the Great Society, a set of domestic programs financed and run by the federal government. In contrast, Nixon advocated a \"\" New Federalism \"\" domestic program model, one in which certain powers would devolve back to the states. The creation of the EPA, passage of the Endangered Species Act, and the integration of Southern public schools happened during his presidency, as did the end of military draft and the Apollo program, which successfully landed Americans on the Moon. Nixon's primary focus while in office was on foreign affairs. His foreign policy agenda, known as the Nixon Doctrine, called for indirect assistance to American allies in the Cold War, with the \"\" Vietnamization \"\" of the Vietnam War being the most notable example of his doctrine."
}
] |
620104
|
what did the hearth symbolize in ancient rome
|
[
{
"docid": "D1105615#0",
"title": "https://www.ancient.eu/Vesta/\nDefinition",
"text": "\"Definitionby Joshua J. Mark published on 02 September 2009Vesta was the goddess of the hearth, the home, and domestic life in the Roman religion (idenitified with the Greek goddess Hestia). She was the first-born of the titans Kronos and Rhea and, like the others, was swallowed by her father. When her brother Jupiter (the Greek Zeus ), who managed to escape their father's appetite, freed his siblings, Vesta was the last to be released (because she was the first swallowed) and so is regarded as both the oldest and the youngest of the gods. She was very beautiful and attracted the attention of both Apollo and Neptune who fought for her hand. Vesta rejected them both, however, and begged Jupiter to allow her to remain forever a virgin. When he consented to this, Vesta was pleased and took care of his home and hearth; thus identifying her with domestic life but, more importantly, with domestic tranquility. The hearth fire in the home of the ancient Romans was not only essential for cooking food and heating water, but also served as the gathering place for the family and, in time, became associated with the spirit of that particular family gathered around that particular hearth. The Latin word for `hearth' is focus which, of course, is used in English to designate a center or activity of interest. The hearth in Rome was most certainly such a center of activity and the fire which burned there was most important. Sacrifices to the gods of the home were made by the fire and thrown into the flames."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1865074#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_animal_symbol_of_ancient_Rome\nWhat animals were hunted in Ancient Rome?",
"text": "\"Kats 7124 2,223 Contributions What animals were hunted in Ancient Rome? Boar, deer and traps could be set for birds. What were the crops and animals in ancient Rome? Icecream & cherry pie! Twilightsp 56 Contributions What animals did they have in ancient rome? They had lots of cows. They also used cats to throw at people during the war. They used Pigs for soccer. In the myth of Lupa, Rommulus, and Remus it mentions Lupa being a she …What were the importance of animals in Ancient Rome? The animals in ancient Rome were used for fights with men."
},
{
"docid": "D472725#0",
"title": "https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/roman/beginners-guide-rome/a/forum-romanum-the-roman-forum\nForum Romanum (The Roman Forum)",
"text": "\"View of the Forum from the slope of the Capitoline to the Palatine Hill In his play Curculio, the Latin playwright Plautus offers perhaps one of the most comprehensive and insightful descriptions of the Forum Romanum ever written (ll. 466-482 ). In his summary, Plautus gives the reader the sense that one could find just about every sort of person in the forum—from criminals and hustlers to politicians and prostitutes. His summary reminds us that in the city of Rome the Forum Romanum was the key political, ritual, and civic center. Located in a valley separating the Capitoline and Palatine Hills, the Forum developed from the earliest times and remained in use after the city’s eventual decline; during that span of time the forum witnessed the growth and eventual contraction of the city and her empire. The archaeological remains of the Forum Romanum itself continue to provide important insights into the phases and processes associated with urbanism and monumentality in ancient Rome. Earliest history: from necropolis to civic space Seven Hills of Rome (CC BY-SA 3.0) Situated astride the Tiber river, the site of Rome is noted for its low hills that are separated by deeply cut valleys. The hilltops became the focus of settlement beginning in the Early Iron Age; the development of the settlement continued during the first millennium B. C. E., with the traditional Roman account holding that the city herself was founded in 753 B. C. E. (Livy 1.6)The traditional foundation narrative holds that one of the first acts of Romulus, the city’s eponymous founder, was to establish a fortification wall around the Palatine Hill, the site of his new settlement. The Capitoline Hill, opposite the Palatine, emerged as the city’s citadel ( arx) and site of the poliadic cult of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, among others (poliadic: the chief civic cult of an ancient city, derived from the Greek word \"\"polis\"\"). Iron Age populations had used the marshy valley separating the Palatine and Capitoline hills as a necropolis (a large ancient cemetery), but the burgeoning settlement of archaic Rome had need of communal space and the valley was repurposed from a necropolis to a usable space."
},
{
"docid": "D1865077#0",
"title": "http://www.bible-history.com/archaeology/rome/2-roman-eagle-bb.html\n.",
"text": "\"Bible History Online Ancient Documents Ancient Egypt Ancient Greece Ancient Israel Ancient Near East Ancient Other Ancient Rome Archaeology Bible History Biblical Archaeology Childrens Resources Illustrated History Images & Art Jesus |Maps & Geography Messianic Prophecies Mythology & Beliefs People in History Study Tools Timelines & Charts Ancient Roman Eagle Did Eagles Carry Emperors Into Heaven? This painting represents a Roman Eagle also called the 'Aquila\"\". The eagle (aquila) was the bird of Jupiter. In ancient times the eagle was a symbol of strength and courage, and immortality. The eagle was believed to be the king of the birds that could ascend above the storm, and become the messenger of the gods. According to ancient mythology the eagle would carry the soul into the presence of the gods, Zeus to the Greeks, Jupiter to the Roman, and Odin to the tribes of Germania. The silver eagle was the ensign of the Roman Legion and the symbol of its power. The legatus was the officer in charge, and he would assign an aquilifer who was the soldier that would carry the aquila (eagle) into battle. If the eagle was captured the legion would disband. It is interesting that Julius Caesar personally sanctified the eagle when the legion was brought forth."
},
{
"docid": "D2061363#0",
"title": "http://walkingthehedge.net/hedge/list-of-some-hearth-household-deities/\nList of Some Hearth & Household Deities",
"text": "Book of Shadows, Hearth & Home List of Some Hearth & Household Deities September 3, 2010 admin 1 Comment Below is a list of some household and hearth deities along with a brief description of each: Brigid: Celtic goddess of the hearth, midwifery, healing, smithcraft, poetry and holy wells. She was originally celebrated on February 1st in the festival of Imbolg, which coincided with the beginning of lactation in ewes and the first signs of spring. During this festival is was common to put out the household hearth and clean it, then re-light it from a common source, generally a blessed sacred bonfire. Nike Air Max 2017 Heren blauw She represents the goddess of the land, fertility, and creative inspiration. She has also been worshipped as a warrior and protector, a healer, a guardian of children, a sovereign, and a goddess of fire and the sun. Devon Kennard Still other sources say she was the goddess of agriculture, animal husbandry, medicine, crafting and music. Tawaret: The hippo-headed Tawaret was a popular element of ancient Egyptian mythology; she was considered to be the protector of women during pregnancy and childbirth. Air Jordan 7 Retro Births usually took place inside the home, so Taweret was considered a household deity. Bes: A popular Egyptian household god, whose duties included killing snakes, protecting children, encouraging fertility, and assisting Tawaret in childbirth. Vesta: The Roman virgin goddess of the hearth, home, and family; Vesta’s presence was symbolized by the sacred fire that burned at her hearth and temples."
},
{
"docid": "D1315836#0",
"title": "http://www.talesbeyondbelief.com/roman-gods/vesta.htm\nVesta",
"text": "Who was Vesta? Vesta was the Roman goddess of fire, the hearth, the home and the Roman state. When her brother Jupiter defeated the Titans, and ascended the throne of the gods on Mount Olympus, he offered to her grant whatever she asked. The only desire of Vesta was the preservation of her virginity. When she was introduced to Mount Olympus the gods Apollo and Neptune asked for her hand in marriage. She refused their offers and Jupiter allowed her to remain an eternal virgin. Vesta and the Vestal Virgins The circular Temple of Vesta was situated in the Forum Romanum and served by the priestesses called the Vestal Virgins. The Vestal Virgins (sacerdos Vestalis) were the only female priestesses of Ancient Rome. The duty of the Vestal Virgins was to keep the sacred fire that burned on the altar of the goddess Vesta from being extinguished and to preserve a sacred pledge on which the safety and the very existence of Rome was supposed to depend. The Romans looked upon Vesta as one of the protective deities of their empire and that the safety and fate of Rome depended upon the preservation of the sacred fire in the temple of Vesta."
},
{
"docid": "D2583835#0",
"title": "http://rcg.org/books/ttooe.html\nThe True Origin of Easter",
"text": "Most people follow along as they have been taught, assuming that what they believe and do is right. They take their beliefs for granted. Most do not take time to prove why they do the things that they do. Why do you believe what you believe? Where did you get your beliefs? Is the source of your religious beliefs the Bible—or some other authority? If you say the Bible, are you sure? What about Easter? Since hundreds of millions keep it, supposedly in honor of Jesus Christ’s Resurrection, then certainly the Bible must have much to say about it. Surely there are numerous verses mentioning rabbits, eggs and egg hunts, baskets of candy, hot cross buns, Lent, Good Friday and sunrise services—not to mention Easter itself."
},
{
"docid": "D2797076#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/architecture\nArchitecture",
"text": "Architecture, the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. The practice of architecture is employed to fulfill both practical and expressive requirements, and thus it serves both utilitarian and aesthetic ends. Although these two ends may be distinguished, they cannot be separated, and the relative weight given to each can vary widely. Because every society—whether highly developed or less so, settled or nomadic—has a spatial relationship to the natural world and to other societies, the structures they produce reveal much about their environment (including climate and weather ), history, ceremonies, and artistic sensibility, as well as many aspects of daily life. The characteristics that distinguish a work of architecture from other built structures are (1) the suitability of the work to use by human beings in general and the adaptability of it to particular human activities, (2) the stability and permanence of the work’s construction, and (3) the communication of experience and ideas through its form. All these conditions must be met in architecture. The second is a constant, while the first and third vary in relative importance according to the social function of buildings. If the function is chiefly utilitarian, as in a factory, communication is of less importance. If the function is chiefly expressive, as in a monumental tomb, utility is a minor concern. In some buildings, such as churches and city halls, utility and communication may be of equal importance."
},
{
"docid": "D3495782#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_cult_(Rome)\nImperial cult of ancient Rome",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Imperial cult (Rome))navigation search Religion in ancient Rome Marcus Aurelius ( head covered) sacrificing at the Temple of Jupiter Practices and beliefslibation sacrifice votum temples festivalsludi funerals Imperial cultmystery religions Priesthoods Pontifices Augures Vestales Flamines Fetiales Epulones Fratres Arvales Deities List of Roman deities Twelve major gods Capitoline Triad Aventine Triadunderworld gods indigitamenta Deified emperors Divus Julius Divus Augustus Related topics Glossary of ancient Roman religion Roman mythology Ancient Greek religion Etruscan religion Gallo-Roman religion Interpretatio graeca Decline of Greco-Roman polytheismv t e The Imperial cult of ancient Rome identified emperors and some members of their families with the divinely sanctioned authority ( auctoritas) of the Roman State. Its framework was formulated during the early Principate of Augustus, and was rapidly established throughout the Empire and its provinces, with marked local variations in its reception and expression. The Maison Carrée in Nîmes, one of the best-preserved Roman temples. It is a mid-sized Augustan provincial temple of the Imperial cult. Augustus's reforms transformed Rome's Republican system of government to a de facto monarchy, couched in traditional Roman practices and Republican values. The princeps (later known as Emperor) was expected to balance the interests of the Roman military, Senate and people, and to maintain peace, security and prosperity throughout an ethnically diverse empire. The official offer of cultus to a living emperor acknowledged his office and rule as divinely approved and constitutional: his Principate should therefore demonstrate pious respect for traditional Republican deities and mores. A deceased emperor held worthy of the honor could be voted a state divinity ( divus, plural divi) by the Senate and elevated as such in an act of apotheosis. The granting of apotheosis served religious, political and moral judgment on Imperial rulers and allowed living Emperors to associate themselves with a well-regarded lineage of Imperial divi from which unpopular or unworthy predecessors were excluded. This proved a useful instrument to Vespasian in his establishment of the Flavian Imperial Dynasty following the death of Nero and civil war, and to Septimius in his consolidation of the Severan dynasty after the assassination of Commodus."
},
{
"docid": "D1105616#0",
"title": "http://www.thaliatook.com/AMGG/vesta.php\n.",
"text": "\"I am first and last. Vesta is the Roman Goddess of fire and the hearth, Whose circular temple in Rome was considered the central hearth of the City. \"\" Vesta\"\" means simply \"\"hearth,\"\" and comes from the same root meaning \"\"to shine\"\" as the Greek \"\"Hestia,\"\" with Whom She was identified. Vesta is one of the most ancient Roman Goddesses, Whose worship remained of an ancient character. In the earliest times of Her worship, She was considered a Goddess of the earth as well as fire, perhaps in the recognition that the deep heart of the Earth is fiery. Later She became the Goddess of ceremonial or central fire, and was worshipped by the state, where She presided over the central altar, as well as in the home, where offerings were made to Her at every meal. Her national cult was tended by the famous Vestal Virgins, who took vows of chastity and tended Her fire, never allowing it to go out. The Vestals were given great honor and considered highly sacred persons. Vesta represents the sacred heart or hearth of the home, the central fire which supplies heat and on which food is cooked. Nourishment and warmth, home and the center are Hers."
},
{
"docid": "D1440487#0",
"title": "http://www.theoi.com/Ouranios/Hestia.html\nHESTIA",
"text": "\"Greek Mythology >> Greek Gods >> Olympian Gods >> Hestia HESTIAGreek NameἙστιαTransliteration Hestia Roman Name Vesta Translation Hearth ( hestia)Hestia, Athenian red-figure kylix C5th B. C., National Archaeological Museum of Tarquinia HESTIA was the virgin goddess of the hearth (both private and municipal) and the home. As the goddess of the family hearth she also presided over the cooking of bread and the preparation of the family meal. Hestia was also the goddess of the sacrificial flame and received a share of every sacrifice to the gods. The cooking of the communal feast of sacrificial meat was naturally a part of her domain. In myth Hestia was the first born child of Kronos (Cronus) and Rhea who was swallowed by her father at birth. Zeus later forced the old Titan to disgorge Hestia and her siblings. As the first to be swallowed she was also the last to be disgorged, and so was named as both the eldest and youngest of the six Kronides. When the gods Apollon and Poseidon sought for her hand in marriage, Hestia refused and asked Zeus to let her remain an eternal virgin. He agreed and she took her place at his royal hearth. Hestia was depicted in Athenian vase painting as a modestly veiled woman sometimes holding a flowered branch (perhaps a chaste-tree)."
},
{
"docid": "D2003723#0",
"title": "http://www.123helpme.com/search.asp?text=nero\n.",
"text": "\"Title Length Color Rating The Life of Emperor Nero - Emperor Nero, infamously known as one of the most malevolent, oppressive, and tyrannical leader throughout history, was the last ruler of the Julio-Claudian Dynasty. He was born outside Rome in Antium and his mother married his great uncle, Emperor Claudius, in order for her son to be the next Emperor of Rome. It wasn’t apparent that her son was to become one of the most feared and cruel leaders in Roman history from 54 CE to 68 CE. By examining his achievements and failures as an emperor, his influences and changes over the entire economic, political and social spectrum are revealed.... [tags: Ancient Rome]:: 4 Works Cited1750 words (5 pages) Powerful Essays [preview]Nero as the Antichrist - Nero as the Antichrist Nero was a mixture of megalomania, evil, and cruelty according to Roman historians as well as Jews and Christians. His sin of matricide and his claims of deity were major elements in his infamous reputation. Though modern Historians have tried to whitewash Nero and say that certain groups in Rome and other parts of the empire supported him, his name has become a synonym for tyrant and, for many, Antichrist. Nero was born in AD 37 on December 15 to Agrippina and Gnaeus. Nero's father was said to have run his chariot over a boy deliberately and to have killed one of his freedman for drinking less than he was ordered.... [tags: Papers]1025 words (2.9 pages) Strong Essays [preview]The Life and Times of Nero - The Life and Times of Nero Carlo Maria Franzero was born December 21, 1892 in Turin, Italy. He was educated at the University of Turin. Upon the commencement of the Second World War, Franzero fled Fascist ruled Italy for England."
},
{
"docid": "D2909302#0",
"title": "http://rome.mrdonn.org/money.html\nRoman Money",
"text": "\"Rome Kids Rome Games Rome Myths Teachers Home Roman Money Ancient Greece: 2,500 years ago, each Greek city-state had developed its own coinage. Each Greek city-state had banks where visiting traders could exchange their coins for Greek coins, coins they would then use to buy and sell in the great Greek marketplaces. The Greeks designed their coins with pictures of their gods and goddesses. But the Greeks were the first civilization to use pictures of real people on their coins. The first was Alexander the Great, back around 325 BCE. As time went on, the Greeks created bigger coins, each designed to commemorate a special event. Ancient Rome: The ancient Romans thought the use of coins was really clever. They did what they always did when they found something clever - they copied it. At first, the Romans put pictures of gods and goddesses on their coins, an idea they borrowed from the ancient Greeks. Pretty soon, they began to put pictures of buildings on their coins."
},
{
"docid": "D1009487#0",
"title": "http://riordan.wikia.com/wiki/Symbols_of_Power\nSymbols of Power",
"text": "Symbols of Power were weapons, animals and other items that each god of ancient Greece, and later, Rome, were represented by. Whether major or minor, the gods were identified and represented by these symbols. However, the gods had established rules about each symbol, much like each god's domain. A god is not allowed to steal another god's symbol of power, however demigods are not affected by this rule (which allowed Luke to steal the Master Bolt and the Helm of Darkness ). Also Hades, Zeus, and Poseidon cannot create another Symbol of Power without the other gods agreeing to it beforehand, as a new symbol could upset the balance of power. Below is a list of the gods and some of their attributes: Olympians Greek Roman Symbols Aphrodite Venus Dove, Myrtle & Myrrh, Rose, Scallop, Girdle, Swan, Mirror, Goose, Fish, Apple, Sparrow, Cockle, Hare, Swine, Pomegranate, Lettuce, Anemone, Pearl Apollo Apollo Lyre, Laurel, Python, Wolf, Tripod, Swan, Dolphin, Bow and Arrows, Sun, Sun Chariot Ares Mars Boar, Spear, Vulture, Dog, Armor, Spartoi, Eagle-Owl & Barn Owl, Snake, Woodpecker, Torch Artemis Diana Bow and Arrows, Stag, Hunting dogs, Crescent Moon, Hunting Spear, Lyre, Torch, Kerynitian Hind, Bear, Boar, Fish, Buzzard Hawk, Guinea Fowl & Partridge, Amaranth, Asphodel, Cypress, Palm Athena Minerva Owl, Olive tree, Snake, Aegis, Spear Demeter Ceres Torch, Cornucopia, Sheaves of Wheat, Lion, Drakones, Swords or Sickle, Serpent, Gecko, Swine, Turtle-Dove, Red Mullet, Barley, Mint, Poppies Dionysus Bacchus Thyrsus, Grapevine, Leopard, Panther, Tiger, Wine Cup Hades Pluto Helm of Darkness, Keys of Hades, Sword of Hades, Hades' Staff, Screech Owl, black cows of Hades, White Poplar Tree, Pomegranate Hephaestus Vulcan Anvil, Flaming Hammer, Quail, Donkey, Crane, Guard-Dog Hera Juno Cow, Peacock, Lion, Diadem, Goatskin Cloak (Juno)Hermes Mercury Winged Shoes, Caduceus, Cap of Aidoneus, Herald's Rod, Blade, Shepard's Pipes, Cattle, Hare, Hawk, Tortoise, Crocus, Strawberry Tree Hestia Vesta Fire, Hearth, Donkey, Altar Poseidon Neptune Horse, Trident, Bull, Seafoam, Dolphin Zeus Jupiter Eagle, Aegis, Thunderbolt, Oak tree, Stormclouds Minor Gods Greek Roman Symbol Harmonia Concordia Patera, Cornucopia, Caduceus Eris Discordia Golden Apple of Discord Tyche Fortuna Four-Leaf Clover, Mural Crown, Wheel Of Fortune, Cornucopia, Ship's Rudder Hecate Trivia Torches, Key, Dagger, Dark Moon, Crossroad, Dog Hypnos Somnus Poppy, poplar branch dipped in River Lethe Iris Arcus Rainbow, Fleur-de-lis None Janus Door, Key Morpheus Somnia Closed Eye, Dark Crown Nemesis Nemesis Balancing Scales, Wheel Of Fortune, Broken Wheel Pan Faunus Syrinx, Reed Pipes Persephone Proserpina Grain, Pomegranate None Pomona Apple, Platter of Fruit, Cornucopia Thanatos Letus Theta, Sword, Inverted Torch, Poppies Enyo None Crossed Sword and torch, Swan None Bellona Crossed Sword and torch Eros Cupid Bow and Arrows, heart, wings Nyx Nox Black star and Crescent Nike Victoria Large wings, wreath of laurel leaves, palm-branch, a large shield on which she inscribed the names of victors in battle Hebe Juventas Wine cup, Ivy, Fountain of Youth and wings Aegis, Shield of Athena Caduceus, Hermes ' and Harmonia's symbol of power Trident, Poseidon 's symbol of power Hades holding his staff Bacchus with his Thyrsus Items Personal Weapons: Riptide | Annabeth's Knife | Backbiter | Frank's Spear | Hazel's Spatha | Katoptris | Nico's Sword | Thalia's Spear | Aegis | Maimer | Kronos' Scythe | Ivlivs | Master Bolt | Poseidon's Trident | Sword of Hades | Reyna's Spear | Hades' Staff | Juno's Gladius | Annabeth's Sword | Sumarbrander | Gungnir | Gjallar | Mjølnir | Thor's Staff | Khopesh | Mallory's Serrated Knife | Meg's Twin Imperial Gold siccae blades | Caduceus | Apollo's Golden Bow | Artemis' Knives | Ares' Sword | Ares' Shield | Thyrsus | Hecate's Torches | Minotaur's Axe | Leroy's Sword | Tyson's Javelin Magical Items: Annabeth's Yankees Cap | Helm of Darkness | Keys of Hades | Flying Chariot | Golden Apple | Apples of Immortality | Greek Fire | Hermes' Multivitamins | Leo's Magical Toolbelt | Nectar and Ambrosia | Pandora's Pithos | Winged Shoes | The Golden Fleece | Stygian Ice Whistle | Arrow of Dodona | Serapis' Staff | Magic 8 Ball | Arrow of Dodona | Pig Bomb | Mechanical Spider | Angel Statues | Athena Parthenos | Chiron's Wheelchair | Diocletian's Scepter | Flaming Dodgeball | Gleipnir | Poseidon's Pearls | Queen Hippolyta's Belt Spoils of War: The Minotaur's Horn | Medusa's Head | Kampê's Scimitars | Nemean Lion's Pelt | Gorgon Blood | Cornucopia | Lydian Drakon Hide | Phineas' Robe and Slippers Items: Camp Necklace | Chameleon Armor | Daedalus' Laptop | Golden drachma | Denarius | Red Gold | Mark of Athena | The Pax | Video Shield | Wristwatch Shield | Golden Mango | Sibylline Books | Pillow Pet Blessed Metals: Celestial Bronze | Imperial Gold | Stygian Iron | Bone Steel Categories: Articles needing improvement Personal Weapons Items Magic (CHB) Magic items (CHB)"
},
{
"docid": "D2164495#0",
"title": "http://www.infoukes.com/history/inventions/\nAncient Inventions of Ukraine",
"text": "\"Ancient Inventions of Ukraineby Andrew Gregorovich The oldest house in the world is this 15,000 year old one made of mammoth bones found at Mezhirich near Kiev in Ukraine. It was probably covered with mammoth hides. It is planned to include this house in the Treasures of Ukraine Exhibit scheduled for the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto in 1996. The Ancient World created many of the inventions which have contributed to the progress of civilization. Among these are a number which originated in Ukraine. Some of these are noted in a new book Ancient Inventions, by Peter James and Nick Thorpe (New York: Ballantine Books, 1994). In this book review we would like to focus on these inventions which originated in Ukraine according to James and Torpe and include some additional items they missed. The first horseman rode a horse in Ukraine about 6,000 years ago. James and Thorpe explain it this way: \"\"...the earliest hard evidence for the domestication of the horse dates back only to 4000 B. C. -- teeth of horses from the Copper age site of Dereivka, in southern Ukraine, examined under the microscope show traces of wear caused by having bits in their mouths. These were probably made of rope, as the earliest known metal horse bits date from about 1500 B. C.\"\" (p.51)."
},
{
"docid": "D399317#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lares\nLares",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other uses, see Lares (disambiguation). Lar holding a cornucopia from Axatiana (now Lora del Rio) in Roman Spain, early 1st century AD ( National Archaeological Museum of Spain ). Lares ( / ˈ l ɛər iː z, ˈ l eɪ r iː z /; [1] Latin: Larēs [ˈɫa.reːs], archaic Lases, singular Lar ), were guardian deities in ancient Roman religion. Their origin is uncertain; they may have been hero-ancestors, guardians of the hearth, fields, boundaries, or fruitfulness, or an amalgamation of these. Lares were believed to observe, protect and influence all that happened within the boundaries of their location or function. The statues of domestic Lares were placed at the table during family meals; their presence, cult and blessing seem to have been required at all important family events. Roman writers sometimes identify or conflate them with ancestor-deities, domestic Penates and the hearth. Because of these associations, Lares are sometimes categorised as household gods but some had much broader domains. Roadways, seaways, agriculture, livestock, towns, cities, the state and its military were all under the protection of their particular Lar or Lares. Those who protected local neighbourhoods ( vici) were housed in the crossroad shrines ( Compitales) which served as a focus for the religious, social and political life of their local, overwhelmingly plebeian communities."
},
{
"docid": "D3225761#0",
"title": "http://phoenicia.org/crete.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Phoenicians in Southern Crete JOSEPH W. SHAWAbstract During the 1979 excavation season at Kommos, a curious structure with three tapering stone pillars was discovered on the floor of a Geometric/Archaic temple, above which lay a fourth-century B. C. Greek temple. The tripillar structure appears to have been a center of worship particularly in the late ninth and eighth centuries B. C. Its appearance and certain historical and ar-chaeological indications suggest that it may have been inspired by Phoenician shrines, if not set up by Phoenician seafarers visiting Kommos. During the second millennium B. C. Kommos, for which the ancient name remains unknown, was a Minoan seaside settlement with large ashlar buildings built near the shore (figs. 1 and 2, where the lighter and most of the shaded walls are Minoan; the solid walls are Greek). 1 In the next millennium, following the Minoan period, the use of the area changed, from a residential and civic center to a religious one represented by a small rural sanctuary built upon a Minoan ashlar structure. Of its three major temple phases, the first began (ca. 925-800 B. C.) with the es-tablishment of a small rectangular temple (A), open to the east, possibly with benches on the interior. Temple A was succeeded (ca. 800-600 B. C.) on the same site by Temple B (fig. 3), which, after a hiatus of some 200 years, was itself covered over by Temple C (fig."
},
{
"docid": "D531322#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_do_cats_symbolize\nWhat do cats symbolize?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Animal Life Mammals Land Mammals Cats (Felines) What do cats symbolize? Flag What do cats symbolize? Answer by Madibuns Confidence votes 70Well it depends some people think diffrent things. A lot of people think cats bring bad luck black paticulary. I think cats symbolize love. They show love when you pet them. They are cuddly. I have 12 so i think they symbolize love. Some people think they simbolize strength they have the power to kill and eat it fast! They are fast runners and are also defensive."
},
{
"docid": "D3326590#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/history/long-did-build-coliseum-371daf4293978a85\nHow Long Did It Take to Build the Coliseum?",
"text": "History Ancient History Ancient Rome Q: How Long Did It Take to Build the Coliseum? A: Quick Answer The Colosseum was built in six to eight years. As part of the Roman Emperor Vespasian's vision for the glorification of Rome, the Colosseum's construction began between 70 and 72 AD and was completed in 80 AD. Continue Reading Keep Learning What Materials Were Used to Build the Colosseum? Why Did the Romans Build the Colosseum? When Was the Colosseum Built in Rome? Credit: Martin Child Getty Images Full Answer The hard work and manual labor needed for the Colosseum's construction was done by slaves. Quarry work and back-breaking lifting jobs were assigned to Vespasian's captive army of workers. The engineering tasks, skilled labor and artistic work was handled by professional Roman artisans. With its elaborate details and grand scale, the Colosseum came to symbolize the power and advanced culture of the Roman Empire."
},
{
"docid": "D2093927#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympians\nTwelve Olympians",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Fragment of a Hellenistic relief (1st century BC–1st century AD) depicting the twelve Olympians carrying their attributes in procession; from left to right, Hestia (scepter), Hermes (winged cap and staff), Aphrodite (veiled), Ares (helmet and spear), Demeter (scepter and wheat sheaf), Hephaestus (staff), Hera (scepter), Poseidon (trident), Athena (owl and helmet), Zeus (thunderbolt and staff), Artemis (bow and quiver), Apollo (lyre), from the Walters Art Museum. [ 1]In ancient Greek religion and mythology, the twelve Olympians are the major deities of the Greekpantheon, commonly considered to be Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Demeter, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Ares, Aphrodite, Hephaestus, Hermes, and either Hestia or Dionysus. [ 2] They were called 'Olympians' because they were considered to reside on Mount Olympus. Although Hades was a major ancient Greek god, and was the brother of the first generation of Olympians (Zeus, Poseidon, Hera, Demeter, and Hestia), he resided in the underworld, far from Olympus, and thus was not usually considered to be one of the Olympians. Besides the twelve Olympians, there were many other cultic groupings of twelve gods. Contents [ hide ]1 Olympians2 Twelve gods3 List4 Genealogy5 See also6 Notes7 References Olympians [ edit]The Olympians were the principal deities of the Greek pantheon, so named because of their residency atop Mount Olympus. They gained their supremacy in a ten-year-long war of gods, in which Zeus led his siblings to victory over the previous generation of ruling gods, the Titans. They were a family of gods, the most important consisting of the first generation of Olympians, offspring of the Titans Cronus and Rhea: Zeus, Poseidon, Hera, Demeter and Hestia, along with the principal offspring of Zeus: Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Ares, Aphrodite, [3] Hephaestus, Hermes, and Dionysus. Although Hades was a major deity in the Greek pantheon, and was the brother of Zeus and the other first generation of Olympians, his realm was far away from Olympus in the underworld, and thus he was not usually considered to be one of the Olympians. [ 4]The canonical number of Olympian gods was twelve, but besides the (thirteen) principal Olympians listed above, there were many other residents of Olympus, who thus might be called Olympians. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1645557#0",
"title": "http://www.allabouthistory.org/roman-gods.htm\nRoman Gods",
"text": "\"Home >> Roman Gods Roman Gods Roman Gods - Early Pantheism Roman gods originated in the ancient \"\"village\"\" of Rome as the faceless and formless deities that supported farmers in their efforts with the land. The large number of Roman gods can most likely be explained by the pantheistic belief of \"\"numen,\"\" which holds that gods and spirits inhabit places, objects and living things. The early Romans believed that everything in nature was inhabited by numina. Even though the early Romans placed little importance on the personalities of their gods, they did care about their functions. The early Romans integrated their worship of gods into all aspects of their personal and public lives. Nothing better exhibits the extent of this worship in every day life as in the household cult of the Dii Familiaris. In this system, every family had a guardian spirit known as the Lar Familiaris. This spirit was honored at all family functions, including sacrifices at funerals. The creative force that engenders an individual and allows him or her to grow, learn and act morally was known as the Genius for men and the Luna for women. This spirit stayed with an individual until death."
}
] |
620110
|
what did the hopi live in
|
[
{
"docid": "D159072#0",
"title": "http://www.pkwy.k12.mo.us/west/teachers/boles/student_work/west_webfall09/kelsey/KelseyB.htm\n.",
"text": "Hopi Indians By: Kelsey BAmerican West Home Works Cited The Hopi Indians came to the west in about 500 A. D. Many historians say they were the first Native Americans to make the United States their home. They are descendents of the Pueblo Indians and make their home in Northeastern Arizona. They live on top of mesas where pueblos made of stone are built. When the family grows they add on to the pueblo. The Hopis believe in the Hopi Way; which means that they perform certain rituals and follow religious rules in order to keep the world in balance. The Hopis really take the Hopi Way seriously. They are always using it in their lives. For example they believe that everything in life should be managed in art. Many of the jobs people have are to make pottery or baskets. The Hopis are an Indian tribe that does not rely on the outside world."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D2373485#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_did_the_Hopi_Indians_travel\nWhat year did the Hopis Indians lived in?",
"text": "\"Cori Flores-Bingham 16 Contributions Answered In Hopi Indians What year did the Hopis Indians lived in? They live today right now in arizona Jaketh12345 6 Contributions Answered In Hopi Indians Did the hopi Indians trade food?they transferred food by barefoot and had to travel Answered In India What did hopi Indians do?they hunted grew corn squash corn and beans lived in A ROCK THAT THEY BUILT AND build more layers to the rock every day Answered In Hopi Indians How and why did the hopi Indians travel? To stay alive and to travel by horse, foot, donkey, and canoe. Answered In Health Why are the Hopi Indians called Hopi Indians?the name Hopi means \"\"peaceful, good or wise people'' throughouthistory the hopi have chosen rather to tend crops then to make warso that's why they're named the Hopi \""
},
{
"docid": "D1702345#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi_language\nHopi language",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Hopi Hopilàvayi Native to United States Region Northeastern Arizona Ethnicity 7,350 Hopis (Golla 2007) [1]Native speakers 6780 (2010 census) [1] 40 monolinguals (1990) [2]Language family Uto-Aztecan Northern Hopi Language codes ISO 639-3 hop Glottolog hopi1249 [3]This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help: IPA. Hopi (Hopi: Hopílavayi) is a Uto-Aztecan language spoken by the Hopi people (a Pueblo group) of northeastern Arizona, United States, but some Hopi are now monolingual English -speakers. The use of Hopi has gradually declined over the course of the 20th century. In 1990, it was estimated that more than 5,000 people could speak Hopi as a native language (approximately 75% of the population), but only 40 of them were monolingual in Hopi. The 1998 language survey of 200 Hopi people showed that 100% of Hopi elders (60 years or older) were fluent, but fluency in adults (40-59) was only 84%, 50% in young adults (20-39), and 5% in children (2-19). [ 4]Despite the apparent decline, Hopi and Navajo both are supported by bilingual education programs in Arizona, and children acquire the Native American languages as their first language. [ 5]Contents [ hide ]1 Teaching and language revitalization efforts2 Language variation3 Language contact4 Phonology4.1 Vowels4.2 Consonants4.3 Syllable structure4.4 Stress4.5 Tone5 Morphology5.1 Suffixes5.2 Morphological processes6 Syntax6.1 Word order6.2 Case6.3 Number7 Orthography8 Metalinguistics9 See also10 References11 Sources12 External links Teaching and language revitalization efforts [ edit]Many Hopi children are being raised in the language. A comprehensive Hopi-English dictionary edited by Emory Sekaquaptewa and others has been published, and a group, the Hopi Literacy Project, has focused its attention on promoting the language."
},
{
"docid": "D2321851#0",
"title": "http://www.crystalinks.com/anasazi.html\n.",
"text": "\"Anasazi Puebloans Legends of the Anasazi - Ancient Aliens The Ancestral Puebloans were an ancient Native American culture that spanned the present-day Four Corners region of the United States, comprising southeastern Utah, northeastern Arizona, northwestern New Mexico, and southwestern Colorado. The Ancestral Puebloans are believed to have developed, at least in part, from the Oshara Tradition, who developed from the Picosa culture. They lived in a range of structures that included small family pit houses, larger structures to house clans, grand pueblos, and cliff-sited dwellings for defense. The Ancestral Puebloans possessed a complex network that stretched across the Colorado Plateau linking hundreds of communities and population centers. They held a distinct knowledge of celestial sciences that found form in their architecture. The kiva, a congregational space that was used chiefly for ceremonial purposes, was an integral part of this ancient people's community structure. In contemporary times, the people and their archaeological culture were referred to as Anasazi for historical purposes. The Navajo, who were not their descendants, called them by this term. Reflecting historic traditions, the term was used to mean \"\"ancient enemies\"\". Contemporary Puebloans do not want this term to be used."
},
{
"docid": "D845742#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_did_Hopi_Indians_live\nWhere did the Hopi Indians live?",
"text": "Where did the Hopi Indians live? Arizona, New Mexico Lukebagzamoney 14 Contributions Who did the Hopi Indians live with?i think that they lived with just their family and they lived in flat roofed houses. at least to my knowledge...... Im wrong completely they lived in clans Where do the Hopi Indians live?they live in in black mesa on the northeast part of Arizona Where do Hopi Indians live today? Mesa, AZ01curly 39 Contributions Where do Hopi Indians live?the Hopi Indians lived in New Mexico and Arizona your welcome :)What do hopi indians live in?they lived in big seals houes houes What region did the hopi Indians live in?southwest Arizona Garid35 9 Contributions Where did the Hopi Indian tribe live? They live in mesas, or dwellings. And you can still find many from their tribe still in the world today, :) -Erin R. In southwest Arizona Did the hopi indians live in the desert? Yes, they did. They lived in what is now Arizona. When did the Hopi Indians live?they lived long ago fare away Where Did Hopi Indians Live Live?pueblos kivas Why did the hopi Indians live in Arizona? The Hopi Tribe has lived in Arizona for hundreds of years."
},
{
"docid": "D845745#0",
"title": "http://study.com/academy/lesson/hopi-indian-tribe-facts-history-culture.html\nHopi Indian Tribe: Facts, History & Culture",
"text": "\" {\"\"error\"\":true,\"\"iframe\"\":true}Your next lesson will play in 10 seconds Add to Timeline Autoplay 58K views Create an account to start this course today Try it free for 5 days!Create An Account Recommended Lessons and Courses for You Related Lessons Related Courses Pawnee Tribe: Facts & History Cheyenne Tribe: Facts, History & Religion Chinook: Facts, History & Religion The Algonquian: Tribes & Facts Lesson Transcript Instructor: Crystal Daining Crystal has a master's degree in history and loves teaching anyone ages 5-99. The Hopi tribe is comprised of agricultural people who live in the Southwest United States. Learn about their society, politics, and religion, as well as how they have dealt with contact with Europeans throughout time. Hopi Indian Society The Hopi tribe is comprised of agricultural people who have lived in the Southwest United States, mainly in Arizona, since approximately 500-700 CE. They are considered one of the oldest living cultures in the world, since their history stretches back for thousands of years, and they have lived continuously on the same land for that time. They are deeply religious, with ritual ceremonies guiding most aspects of their lives. After contact with Europeans began in the 1500s, the Hopis have worked hard to keep their cultural traditions alive while still allowing some connections to the whites. Since the beginning of their long history, the Hopis have focused on agriculture, leading many scholars to call them the world's greatest dry farmers. Dry-farming tactics include farming in sheltered valleys as well as gardening on irrigated terraces along the mesa walls below each village. Dry farming also depends solely on natural precipitation (snow and rain), which is remarkable since the climate sees very little moisture in any form."
},
{
"docid": "D2110126#0",
"title": "http://arizonahandbook.com/hopi.htm\nHOPI COUNTRY",
"text": "\"Home Page Home Page Home Page Discover Arizona Discover Arizona Discover Arizona Photo Gallery Photo Gallery Photo Gallery Favorite Websites Favorite Websites Favorite Websites Navigating Thru WWIINavigating Thru WWIINavigating Thru WWIIBill's Exotic Travels Bill's Exotic Travels Bill's Exotic Travels Arizona Booklist Arizona Booklist Arizona Booklist Arizona 9th Updates Arizona 9th Updates Arizona 9th Updates Site Map Site Map Site Map About the Author About the Author About the Author Help Support this Site Help Support this Site Help Support this Site HOPI COUNTRYFor centuries the Hopi people have made their homes in villages atop three narrow mesas, fingerlike extensions running south from Black Mesa. Early European visitors dubbed these extensions—from east to west—First Mesa, Second Mesa, and Third Mesa. Arizona 264 skirts First Mesa and crosses over Second and Third Mesas on the way to Tuba City from Window Rock. The mesas have provided the Hopi with water from reliable springs and protection from enemies, as the 600-foot cliffs discouraged assailants. Hardworking farmers, the Hopi are usually peaceable and independent. They keep in close touch with nature and have developed a rich ceremonial life, seeking to maintain balance and harmony with their surroundings and one another. Villages remain largely autonomous even today. The Hopi Tribal Council serves mainly as a liaison between villages and agencies of the federal and state governments. Visiting Hopi Villages The Hopi tend to be very private people, though they do welcome visitors to their lands. Policies may vary from village to village and are often posted."
},
{
"docid": "D269650#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080819155949AAx75zx\n\"Honestly, what does \"\"Kaya\"\" mean?\"",
"text": "\"Pregnancy & Parenting Baby Names Honestly, what does \"\"Kaya\"\" mean? I gonna name my little girl that when I have her and when I look it up on yahoo to see what it means its totally different then what my friends tell me. everyone says it means weed (marijuana,bud) hahahahha so i just want to know if THATS what it means. i dont care i just want to know :)2 following 19 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Uhm, why are you asking, if you already looked it up? We could only do the same you already did to answer your question. My name books say it means \"\"wise child\"\" in Hopi and \"\"resting place\"\" in Japanese. Dahlia · 10 years ago2 5 1 comment Kaya Name Meaning Source (s):https://shrinks.im/a8fbthinokawa · 1 year ago0 0 Comment Kaya Meaning Source (s):https://shorte.im/bblr2lawver · 1 year ago0 0 Comment The name Kaya has several different origins and meanings. 1. In Japanese this name comes from an expression meaning 'home, yew tree, rock'. It can also mean 'forgiveness'."
},
{
"docid": "D681837#0",
"title": "http://www.2012-spiritual-growth-prophecies.com/serpent.html\nThe Serpent is a Powerful Spiritual Symbol or Metaphor",
"text": "\"The Serpent is a Powerful Spiritual Symbol or Metaphor By Sandra Weaver The serpent or snake is revered worldwide. It's shown over and over again as a potent deity. The snake is associated with both negative and positive, or duality, even in Christianity. This is shown in the Bible in the story of Adam and Eve. Another motif is rebirth or renewal. This creature has the ability to shed its old skin when it grows it. The casting off of this skin metaphorically, represents the release of old ways of thinking that don't work in our lives. The fresh new skin found underneath is rebirth and new beginnings...purification. To many cultures the power of the serpent is in its representation of vital energy. This energy remains coiled within at the base of our spine in the sacrum, a triangular bone."
},
{
"docid": "D1718043#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi_Indians\nHopi",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Hopi Indians)navigation search For other uses, see Hopi (disambiguation). Hopi Tribe Flag of the Hopi Tribe Total population18,327 (2010) [1]Languages Hopi, English Related ethnic groups Pueblo peoples, Uto-Aztecan peoples The Hopi are a Native American tribe, who primarily live on the Hopi Reservation in northeastern Arizona. According to the 2010 census, there were 19,327 Hopi in the United States. [ 1] The Hopi language is one of 30 in the Uto-Aztecan language family. The majority of Hopi people are enrolled in the Hopi Tribe of Arizona but some are enrolled in the Colorado River Indian Tribes. The Hopi Reservation covers a land area of 2,531.773 sq mi (6,557.26 km 2 ). When first encountered by the Spanish in the 16th century, the Hopi and the surrounding cultures were referred to as Pueblo people, because they lived in villages ( pueblos in the Spanish language). The Hopi are descended from the Ancient Pueblo Peoples ( Hopi: Hisatsinom or Navajo: anaasází) who constructed large apartment-house complexes, and had an ancient Native American culture that spanned the present-day Four Corners region of the United States, comprising southeastern Utah, northeastern Arizona, northwestern New Mexico, and southwestern Colorado. [ 2] They lived along the Mogollon Rim, especially from the 12th–14th century, when they abandoned their large villages. The name Hopi is a shortened form of their autonym, Hopituh Shi-nu-mu (\"\"The Peaceful People\"\" or \"\"Peaceful Little Ones\"\"). ["
},
{
"docid": "D1569594#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_reservation\nIndian reservation",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about Native American reservations in the United States. For a similar concept in Canada, see Indian reserve. For other uses, see Indian reservation (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Reservation in India. Indian reservations Also known as: Domestic Dependent Nation Category Autonomous administrative divisions Location United States of America Created 1658 ( Powhatan Tribes)Number 326 [1] (map includes the 310 as of May 1996)Populations 123 (several) - 173,667 ( Navajo Nation) [2]Areas ranging from the 1.32-acre (0.534 hectares) Pit River Tribe 's cemetery in California to the 16 million-acre (64 750 square kilometers) Navajo Nation Reservation located in Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah [1]Administrative divisions of the United States First level State ( Commonwealth)Federal district Territory ( Commonwealth)Indian reservation ( list) / Hawaiian home land / Alaska Native tribal entity / Pueblo / Off-reservation trust land Second level County / Parish / Borough Unorganized Borough / Census area / Villages / District (USVI) / District (AS)Consolidated city-county Independent city Municipality Unorganized atoll State-recognized tribes Third level Township Cities, towns, and villages Coterminous municipality Barrio Chapter Fourth level Ward Other areas Protected areas ( Conservation district, National Monument, National Park)Congressional district Homeowner association Associated state Military base Federal enclave Unincorporated area Ghost townv t e An Indian reservation is a legal designation for an area of land managed by a federally recognized Native American tribe under the U. S. Bureau of Indian Affairs rather than the state governments of the United States in which they are physically located. Each of the 326 [1] Indian reservations in the United States is associated with a particular Native American nation. Not all of the country's 567 [3] [4]recognized tribes have a reservation—some tribes have more than one reservation, while some share reservations. In addition, because of past land allotments, leading to some sales to non-Native Americans, some reservations are severely fragmented, with each piece of tribal, individual, and privately held land being a separate enclave. This jumble of private and public real estate creates significant administrative, political, and legal difficulties. [ 5]The collective geographical area of all reservations is 56,200,000 acres (22,700,000 ha; 87,800 sq mi; 227,000 km 2 ), [1] approximately the size of Idaho."
},
{
"docid": "D1685781#0",
"title": "http://www.shira.net/about/wishtory.htm\n\"\"\"The Oldest Dance\"\"? Really???\"",
"text": "\"\"\"The Oldest Dance\"\"? Really?? ? by Shira Table of Contents Introduction How Can We Know That? Why Is \"\"Wishtory\"\" Bad? About Sources How to Tell Which \"\"History\"\" Is Well Researched Recommended Sources Introduction The Internet is full of web sites boldly claiming that Oriental dance (belly dance) is \"\"the oldest dance\"\", \"\"an ancient birth ritual\"\", \"\"a goddess dance\"\", and \"\"thousands of years old\"\". There have also been a number of books published and videos released over the years that make similar claims. I refer to these claims as WISHful his TORY, or \"\"wishtory\"\". It's easy to understand why this belief in \"\"the oldest dance\"\" is so popular. From a feminist point of view, it's very appealing to imagine a time when the things women did were honored and respected by men, rather than being trivialized as they often are today. It's appealing to daydream of a time shrouded in the mists of history where women dance with hip drops and undulations all day, every day."
},
{
"docid": "D1883838#0",
"title": "http://itcaonline.com/?page_id=1162\nHopi Tribe",
"text": "Hopi Tribe Introductory Information The Hopi people trace their history in Arizona to more than 2,000 years, but their history as a people goes back many more thousands of years. According to their legends, the Hopi migrated north to Arizona from the south, up from what is now South America, Central America and Mexico. The tribe’s teachings relate stories of a great flood and other events dating to ancient times, marking the Hopi as one of the oldest living cultures in documented history. A deeply religious people, they live by the ethic of peace and goodwill. The Hopi Reservation, in northeastern Arizona, occupies part of Navajo and Coconino counties and encompasses approximately 1,542,306 acres. Having inhabited this high and dry area since the 12th century, the Hopi have developed a unique agriculture practice, “dry farming.” Instead of plowing their fields, Hopi traditional farmers place “wind breakers” in the fields at selected intervals to retain soil, snow and moisture. They also have perfected special techniques to plant seeds in arid fields. As a result, they succeed in raising corn, beans, squash, melons and other crops in a landscape that appears inhospitable to farming. Throughout the Hopi reservation, every village is an autonomous government."
},
{
"docid": "D2463459#0",
"title": "http://hollywoodlife.com/2015/11/04/joey-feek-cancer-update-dying-rory-feek-goodbye-daughters/\nRory Feekâs New Update On Joeyâs Terminal Cancer: Sheâs Said Goodbye To Our Daughters",
"text": "News Celebrity Babies112 Comments November 4, 2015 9:50AM EDTRory Feek’s New Update On Joey’s Terminal Cancer: She’s Said Goodbye To Our Daughters Joey & Rory & Indiana Feek (Courtesy of Instagram)Courtesy of Instagram View Gallery22 Photos. Alyssa Norwin Writer/Reporter This is so heartbreaking. Rory Feek gave an update on his wife, Joey’s, terminal cancer, and revealed how she spent one of her final days with their daughters, Heidi, Hopie and Indiana. Read the emotional blog post here. Joey Feek is spending the time she has left with her husband, Rory Feek, and their family. The country singer, who bravely decided to stop her cancer treatment last month, will leave behind a young daughter, Indiana, and two teenage stepdaughters, Heidi and Hopie, when she succumbs to her illness, and she made sure to let them know how much she loves them before saying goodbye. [ hl_amazon_ns]The country music couple welcomed their daughter, Indiana, in Feb. 2014, but Rory also has two daughters from a previous relationship. In his newest blog post, he outlines how close Heidi and Hopie are to his wife, and reminisced about a recent day the girls spent together, during which Joey sadly began saying her goodbyes. “The girls drove up here from Nashville yesterday to see Joey and spend time with her, and to spend time with their baby sister Indiana,” he writes. “ Joey is still sleeping a lot and she hasn’t been outside the house in over a week."
},
{
"docid": "D2744008#0",
"title": "http://www.abrock.com/InterimReports/Kivas/Kivas.html\nAnasazi Kivas",
"text": "\"Anasazi Kivas\"\"Small,\"\" \"\"Regular,\"\" or \"\"Normal\"\" Kivas Let's begin with pit houses, a centuries-old architectural feature of the American southwest. Pit houses were peoples' houses, where they cooked and ate, slept, made clothing and weapons, and, in fact, did everything necessary for family and communal life—including spiritual activity. The pit house was home (Lekson 1994:17) The excavated pit house pictured below, located on the canyon rim at Mesa Verde in Colorado, is tree ring dated to 674. Charred wood gives evidence that the original structure was destroyed by fire, a very common event. Imagine the house: Poles to support the thatch and mud roof are fitted into four holes near the pit wall. In the center is the fire pit immediately below an opening in the roof that is both the smoke hole and the sole entrance. Nearby is a sipapu, a small hole in the floor that symbolizes the opening in the ceiling of the Third World through which the people emerged into the present Fourth World, according to Hopi legend. There is a ventilation shaft at one side, separated from the fire by a stone fire screen, but it is almost unbearably smoky inside—a very good reason to spend as much time as possible outside. Soot has accumulated on the walls and ceiling, heat has dried the sticks and thatch....and then a spark flies up from the central fire. Some family members escape, some do not."
},
{
"docid": "D1259223#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi\nHopi",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other uses, see Hopi (disambiguation). Hopi Tribe Flag of the Hopi Tribe Total population18,327 (2010) [1]Languages Hopi, English Related ethnic groups Pueblo peoples, Uto-Aztecan peoples The Hopi are a Native American tribe, who primarily live on the Hopi Reservation in northeastern Arizona. According to the 2010 census, there were 19,327 Hopi in the United States. [ 1] The Hopi language is one of 30 in the Uto-Aztecan language family. The majority of Hopi people are enrolled in the Hopi Tribe of Arizona but some are enrolled in the Colorado River Indian Tribes. The Hopi Reservation covers a land area of 2,531.773 sq mi (6,557.26 km 2 ). When first encountered by the Spanish in the 16th century, the Hopi and the surrounding cultures were referred to as Pueblo people, because they lived in villages ( pueblos in the Spanish language). The Hopi are descended from the Ancient Pueblo Peoples ( Hopi: Hisatsinom or Navajo: anaasází) who constructed large apartment-house complexes, and had an ancient Native American culture that spanned the present-day Four Corners region of the United States, comprising southeastern Utah, northeastern Arizona, northwestern New Mexico, and southwestern Colorado. [ 2] They lived along the Mogollon Rim, especially from the 12th–14th century, when they abandoned their large villages. The name Hopi is a shortened form of their autonym, Hopituh Shi-nu-mu (\"\"The Peaceful People\"\" or \"\"Peaceful Little Ones\"\"). ["
},
{
"docid": "D99770#0",
"title": "http://www.sillybeliefs.com/magnets.html\n.",
"text": "\"Introduction Magnets and their Use in Medicine Conventional and alternative medicine. Permanent magnets and electromagnets. What's the difference? What if ... What if magnetic therapy really did work the way magnetic therapy proponents say it does? How would our bodies really react? What if ... Magnets attract the iron in our blood? What if ... Magnets increase blood flow? What if ... Magnets affect the ions in our bodies? What if ... Magnets kill cancer due to the 'Universal Spiral Theory'? Magnetised Water Why magnetised water is, like homeopathic solutions, just plain water."
},
{
"docid": "D1653542#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/world-view/kind-transportation-did-pomo-indians-af17f46ac015b300\nWhat Kind of Transportation Did the Pomo Indians Have?",
"text": "World View Social Sciences Cultures & Traditions Q: What Kind of Transportation Did the Pomo Indians Have? A: Quick Answer The Pomo people of Northern California travelled on land by foot and used handmade woven rafts or boats to travel on calm waters. The use of rafts or boats varied by location throughout this region of California, from Cleone to Duncan's Point and inland to Clear Lake. Continue Reading Keep Learning Where Did the Pomo Indians Live? Which Tribes Are Considered Plains Indians? What Kind of Shelter Did the Natchez Indians Build? Full Answer Coastal Pomo people would make rafts by weaving driftwood together and binding the pieces with plant fibers. These were used for offshore hunting of seals, sea lions and mussels just off the Northern California coast. The Clear Lake Pomo people wove boats from bundles of tulle reeds and bound them together with the vines from split grape plants. These boats were used to travel to islands in the lake where other Pomo people also lived."
},
{
"docid": "D1608164#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/history/mexican-cession-acquired-5390195cf1ede2a0\nHow Was the Mexican Cession Acquired?",
"text": "History Modern History US History Q: How Was the Mexican Cession Acquired? A: Quick Answer As a result of the Mexican-American War, the United States acquired land in the Southwest known as the Mexican Cession. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed on Feb. 2, 1848, ended the conflict and resulted in Mexico ceding over 500,000 square miles of territory. Continue Reading Keep Learning What Was the Mexican Cession? What Was the Wilmot Proviso? When Was the Spanish Cession Acquired? Full Answer Like the United States, Mexico was a relatively young country, having only established independence from Spain in 1821. The two nations were at war from 1846 to 1848 over terrain in the present-day southwestern United States of America. Texas and California were especially desired by the United States; Texas for its agricultural possibilities and California because it represented the possibility of a coast-to-coast nation. The United States defeated Mexico in 1848."
},
{
"docid": "D916303#0",
"title": "http://www.sunsigns.org/hopi-symbols/\nHopi Symbols",
"text": "Hopi Symbols Leah M Bostwick Leave a comment Facebook Twitter Google + Pinterest Introduction To Hopi Symbols The Hopi, meaning “peaceful people”, is a desert tribe from the lands forming the central point of Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado. As a people, the Hopi are strongly intertwined with nature, as it was that connection that enabled them to live a productive and abundant lifestyle. This connection was (and continues to be) superior to all of the surrounding tribes and is frequently demonstrated in their symbols. They are experts in craftsmanship and possess exceptional agricultural skills, which has led to the development of many agriculturally-themed symbols and values, especially with corn. These Hopi symbols of values are often depicted through Hopi artistry, which is a very sacred aspect of their culture for them. Hopi express their history, beliefs, dreams and visions through their works of art, baskets, weavings, and pottery. Kachina Doll Symbolism One of the most popular and iconic Hopi symbols of this culture is the Kachina doll and its appropriate costumes. Kachina was said to be the spirit of the sun, governing life and growth while providing abundance to the people. Also called Tawa Kachina, this powerful spirit was one of the most important, and thus highly revered, gods in Hopi tradition. It is depicted using a face with rays projecting from its outer rims in groups of three."
},
{
"docid": "D268356#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-main-criticisms-of-Whorfs-theory-of-linguistic-determinism-and-relativity\nWhat are the main criticisms of Whorf's theory of linguistic determinism and relativity?",
"text": "\"Brian Collins, BA Linguistics & Slavic Languages, University of Washington (2014)Answered Mar 7, 2016 · Author has 7.2k answers and 14.8m answer views Well if you take Linguistic Relativity to be a theory, then it logically makes predictions. A single one of those predictions would be that languages typologically pattern in a way related to their culture and especially how they problem solve. There has not really been a single agreed-upon instance of this happening. I provided one obvious counterexample in my answer to Is the weak Sapir-Whorf hypothesis largely agreed-upon? that even goes against the weak hypothesis. On a larger level, it would predict types of languages that occur in different types of cultures; e.g., an industrial typology, a nomadic typology, etc. These also do not exist. Another problem is the original data used to formulate Linguistic Relativity. Sapir-Whorf originally focused on Hopi, some say arguing that Hopi was a \"\"timeless\"\" language. This debate evolved into the Hopi time controversy."
}
] |
620111
|
what did the hopi people live in
|
[
{
"docid": "D845745#0",
"title": "http://study.com/academy/lesson/hopi-indian-tribe-facts-history-culture.html\nHopi Indian Tribe: Facts, History & Culture",
"text": "\" {\"\"error\"\":true,\"\"iframe\"\":true}Your next lesson will play in 10 seconds Add to Timeline Autoplay 58K views Create an account to start this course today Try it free for 5 days!Create An Account Recommended Lessons and Courses for You Related Lessons Related Courses Pawnee Tribe: Facts & History Cheyenne Tribe: Facts, History & Religion Chinook: Facts, History & Religion The Algonquian: Tribes & Facts Lesson Transcript Instructor: Crystal Daining Crystal has a master's degree in history and loves teaching anyone ages 5-99. The Hopi tribe is comprised of agricultural people who live in the Southwest United States. Learn about their society, politics, and religion, as well as how they have dealt with contact with Europeans throughout time. Hopi Indian Society The Hopi tribe is comprised of agricultural people who have lived in the Southwest United States, mainly in Arizona, since approximately 500-700 CE. They are considered one of the oldest living cultures in the world, since their history stretches back for thousands of years, and they have lived continuously on the same land for that time. They are deeply religious, with ritual ceremonies guiding most aspects of their lives. After contact with Europeans began in the 1500s, the Hopis have worked hard to keep their cultural traditions alive while still allowing some connections to the whites. Since the beginning of their long history, the Hopis have focused on agriculture, leading many scholars to call them the world's greatest dry farmers. Dry-farming tactics include farming in sheltered valleys as well as gardening on irrigated terraces along the mesa walls below each village. Dry farming also depends solely on natural precipitation (snow and rain), which is remarkable since the climate sees very little moisture in any form."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D2374595#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_Family\nRainbow Family",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Not to be confused with Rainbow Nation or Rainbow Tribe (disambiguation). This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages)This article needs additional citations for verification. ( July 2010)This article contains content that is written like an advertisement. ( March 2014)A 2007 Rainbow Gathering in Bosnia The Rainbow Family of Living Light (commonly shortened to the Rainbow Family) is a counter-culture, hippie group, in existence since approximately 1970. It is a loose affiliation of smaller groups and individuals, some nomadic, generally asserting that it has no leader. They put on yearly, primitive camping events on public land known as Rainbow Gatherings. [ citation needed]Contents1 Origins and practices2 Goals3 The Gatherings4 Controversy5 Misrepresentation of Hopi legend6 See also7 References8 External links Origins and practices [ edit]The Rainbow Family was created out of the Vortex I gathering at Milo Mc Iver State Park in Estacada, Oregon (30 miles south of Portland, Oregon ), from August 28 to September 3, 1970. [ 1] Inspired in large part by the first Woodstock Festival, two attendees at Vortex, Barry \"\"Plunker\"\" Adams and Garrick Beck, are both considered among the founders of the Rainbow Family. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2510298#0",
"title": "http://www.linguisticsociety.org/content/does-language-i-speak-influence-way-i-think\nDoes the Language I Speak Influence the Way I Think?",
"text": "\"Is it true that the language I speak shapes my thoughts? People have been asking this question for hundreds of years. Linguists have been paying special attention to it since the 1940's, when a linguist named Benjamin Lee Whorf studied Hopi, a Native American language spoken in northeastern Arizona. Based on his studies, Whorf claimed that speakers of Hopi and speakers of English see the world differently because of differences in their language. What we have learned is that the answer to this question is complicated. To some extent, it's a chicken-and-egg question: Are you unable to think about things you don't have words for, or do you lack words for them because you don't think about them? Part of the problem is that there is more involved than just language and thought; there is also culture. Your culture—the traditions, lifestyle, habits, and so on that you pick up from the people you live and interact with—shapes the way you think, and also shapes the way you talk. There's a language called Guugu Yimithirr (spoken in North Queensland, Australia) that doesn't have words like left and right or front and back. Its speakers always describe locations and directions using the Guugu Yimithirr words for north, south, east, and west."
},
{
"docid": "D1685781#0",
"title": "http://www.shira.net/about/wishtory.htm\n\"\"\"The Oldest Dance\"\"? Really???\"",
"text": "\"\"\"The Oldest Dance\"\"? Really?? ? by Shira Table of Contents Introduction How Can We Know That? Why Is \"\"Wishtory\"\" Bad? About Sources How to Tell Which \"\"History\"\" Is Well Researched Recommended Sources Introduction The Internet is full of web sites boldly claiming that Oriental dance (belly dance) is \"\"the oldest dance\"\", \"\"an ancient birth ritual\"\", \"\"a goddess dance\"\", and \"\"thousands of years old\"\". There have also been a number of books published and videos released over the years that make similar claims. I refer to these claims as WISHful his TORY, or \"\"wishtory\"\". It's easy to understand why this belief in \"\"the oldest dance\"\" is so popular. From a feminist point of view, it's very appealing to imagine a time when the things women did were honored and respected by men, rather than being trivialized as they often are today. It's appealing to daydream of a time shrouded in the mists of history where women dance with hip drops and undulations all day, every day."
},
{
"docid": "D845740#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi_people\nHopi",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Hopi people)navigation search For other uses, see Hopi (disambiguation). Hopi Tribe Flag of the Hopi Tribe Total population18,327 (2010) [1]Languages Hopi, English Related ethnic groups Pueblo peoples, Uto-Aztecan peoples The Hopi are a Native American tribe, who primarily live on the Hopi Reservation in northeastern Arizona. According to the 2010 census, there were 19,327 Hopi in the United States. [ 1] The Hopi language is one of 30 in the Uto-Aztecan language family. The majority of Hopi people are enrolled in the Hopi Tribe of Arizona but some are enrolled in the Colorado River Indian Tribes. The Hopi Reservation covers a land area of 2,531.773 sq mi (6,557.26 km 2 ). When first encountered by the Spanish in the 16th century, the Hopi and the surrounding cultures were referred to as Pueblo people, because they lived in villages ( pueblos in the Spanish language). The Hopi are descended from the Ancient Pueblo Peoples ( Hopi: Hisatsinom or Navajo: anaasází) who constructed large apartment-house complexes, and had an ancient Native American culture that spanned the present-day Four Corners region of the United States, comprising southeastern Utah, northeastern Arizona, northwestern New Mexico, and southwestern Colorado. [ 2] They lived along the Mogollon Rim, especially from the 12th–14th century, when they abandoned their large villages. The name Hopi is a shortened form of their autonym, Hopituh Shi-nu-mu (\"\"The Peaceful People\"\" or \"\"Peaceful Little Ones\"\"). ["
},
{
"docid": "D1198318#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pueblo-Indians\nPueblo Indians",
"text": "Pueblo Indians, North American Indian peoples known for living in compact permanent settlements known as pueblos. Representative of the Southwest Indian culture area, most live in northeastern Arizona and northwestern New Mexico. Early 21st-century population estimates indicated approximately 75,000 individuals of Pueblo descent. Acoma Pueblo Acoma Pueblo, New Mexico, U. S.© ivanastar/i Stock.com Read More on This Topic Southwest Indian: The Pueblos Traditional social and religious practices are fairly well understood for the western Pueblo peoples because distance and the rugged landscape of the Colorado Plateau afforded them some protection from the depredations of Spanish, and later American, colonizers. Less is known of the pre-conquest…READ MOREPueblo peoples are thought to be the descendants of the prehistoric Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi) culture. Just as there was considerable regional diversity among the Ancestral Puebloans, there is similar diversity, both cultural and linguistic, among the contemporary Pueblo peoples. Contemporary Puebloans are customarily described as belonging to either the eastern or the western division. The eastern Pueblo villages are in New Mexico along the Rio Grande and comprise groups who speak Tanoan and Keresan languages. Tanoan languages such as Tewa are distantly related to Uto-Aztecan, but Keresan has no known affinities. The western Pueblo villages include the Hopi villages of northern Arizona and the Zuni, Acoma, and Laguna villages, all in western New Mexico."
},
{
"docid": "D1718043#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi_Indians\nHopi",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Hopi Indians)navigation search For other uses, see Hopi (disambiguation). Hopi Tribe Flag of the Hopi Tribe Total population18,327 (2010) [1]Languages Hopi, English Related ethnic groups Pueblo peoples, Uto-Aztecan peoples The Hopi are a Native American tribe, who primarily live on the Hopi Reservation in northeastern Arizona. According to the 2010 census, there were 19,327 Hopi in the United States. [ 1] The Hopi language is one of 30 in the Uto-Aztecan language family. The majority of Hopi people are enrolled in the Hopi Tribe of Arizona but some are enrolled in the Colorado River Indian Tribes. The Hopi Reservation covers a land area of 2,531.773 sq mi (6,557.26 km 2 ). When first encountered by the Spanish in the 16th century, the Hopi and the surrounding cultures were referred to as Pueblo people, because they lived in villages ( pueblos in the Spanish language). The Hopi are descended from the Ancient Pueblo Peoples ( Hopi: Hisatsinom or Navajo: anaasází) who constructed large apartment-house complexes, and had an ancient Native American culture that spanned the present-day Four Corners region of the United States, comprising southeastern Utah, northeastern Arizona, northwestern New Mexico, and southwestern Colorado. [ 2] They lived along the Mogollon Rim, especially from the 12th–14th century, when they abandoned their large villages. The name Hopi is a shortened form of their autonym, Hopituh Shi-nu-mu (\"\"The Peaceful People\"\" or \"\"Peaceful Little Ones\"\"). ["
},
{
"docid": "D3490174#0",
"title": "https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/historical-overview-navajo-relocation\nAn Historical Overview of the Navajo Relocation",
"text": "\"In 1863 Kit Carson launched a brutal and relentless search-and-destroy campaign against the Navajo people. Under his command, the US Cavalry swept across the Navajo countryside chopping down fruit trees, destroying crops and butchering sheep. Thousands of Navajos were killed, and approximately 8,500 Navajo men, women and children were captured and forced to walk more than 400 miles in the dead of winter to Fort Summer, a barren, 40-square-mile reservation in eastern New Mexico. This became known in Native American history as \"\"The Long Walk. \"\" More than 100 years later, Navajo people, or Dineh as they call themselves, once again are being removed from their ancestral homelands; their livestock are being seized, they are being harassed by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) and denied the right to repair their dwellings or build new homes. Why another forced relocation? The Navajo are once again in the way of westward expansion, this time in the form of energy resources development. The Search for Minerals In 1909 members of the US Geological Survey conducted an investigation of the northern Arizona plateau, believing that 8 billion tons of recoverable coal lay beneath the land's surface. In the early 1920s, the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power began to study the feasibility of developing southwestern coal resources in order to provide enough electricity for the explosion of development that was beginning to engulf Southern California. In order to protect the air quality of the plants were placed in the Four Corners area, where Arizona, Colorado, Utah and New Mexico meet."
},
{
"docid": "D2134554#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/history/did-plains-indians-live-tepees-13007640b2f32b63\nWhy Did the Plains Indians Live in Tepees?",
"text": "History Modern History US History Q: Why Did the Plains Indians Live in Tepees? A: Quick Answer Plains Indians lived in tepees -- also known as teepees, tepes and tipis -- because these dwellings were easy to move as the Native Americans followed herds of migrating buffalo, or bison. Because they depended upon the animals for food and goods, the Plains Indians led nomadic lives in order to maintain a constant supply of bison. Tepees were relatively simple to transport and set up. Continue Reading Keep Learning What Kind of Homes Did the Plains Indians Have? Where Did the Chippewa Indians Live? What Kinds of Animals Once Lived on the Prairies? Credit: Marilyn Angel Wynn Nativestock Getty Images Full Answer The Plains Indians ate fresh bison meat and made dried jerky. They also used many parts of the buffalo to produce items necessary for daily life, such as clothing, weapons, buckets, glue, ropes and even tepees. The frame of a tepee was made from many long poles tied together near the top."
},
{
"docid": "D1284930#0",
"title": "https://www.brownielocks.com/nativeamerican.html\n.",
"text": "\"The Web Only This Site Home Features Calendar Holidays Cartoons Shop Contact Brownielocks and The 3 Bears present We've organized all our Native American monthly rituals or observances now as a listing on one page for those that don't want to go from month to month to find them. They are presented by the month, rather than alphabetically, with a brief description of what they are about. Some of our features have teddy bear cartoons. Click the observance for more information. The History of The Hopi (Bean Sprout) Powamu Festival The Powamu Festival is the mid-winter ceremony and also called the Bean Planting Festival. It is observed in late January or early February. ( We are placing it in our January observances. ) The History of The Iroquois Midwinter Ceremony The Iroquois Midwinter Ceremony is held in either January or February. When the dipper constellation (not our teddy bear one in the cartoon!) appears in the sky directly overhead, you then wait for the new moon to be seen."
},
{
"docid": "D99770#0",
"title": "http://www.sillybeliefs.com/magnets.html\n.",
"text": "\"Introduction Magnets and their Use in Medicine Conventional and alternative medicine. Permanent magnets and electromagnets. What's the difference? What if ... What if magnetic therapy really did work the way magnetic therapy proponents say it does? How would our bodies really react? What if ... Magnets attract the iron in our blood? What if ... Magnets increase blood flow? What if ... Magnets affect the ions in our bodies? What if ... Magnets kill cancer due to the 'Universal Spiral Theory'? Magnetised Water Why magnetised water is, like homeopathic solutions, just plain water."
},
{
"docid": "D1259223#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi\nHopi",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other uses, see Hopi (disambiguation). Hopi Tribe Flag of the Hopi Tribe Total population18,327 (2010) [1]Languages Hopi, English Related ethnic groups Pueblo peoples, Uto-Aztecan peoples The Hopi are a Native American tribe, who primarily live on the Hopi Reservation in northeastern Arizona. According to the 2010 census, there were 19,327 Hopi in the United States. [ 1] The Hopi language is one of 30 in the Uto-Aztecan language family. The majority of Hopi people are enrolled in the Hopi Tribe of Arizona but some are enrolled in the Colorado River Indian Tribes. The Hopi Reservation covers a land area of 2,531.773 sq mi (6,557.26 km 2 ). When first encountered by the Spanish in the 16th century, the Hopi and the surrounding cultures were referred to as Pueblo people, because they lived in villages ( pueblos in the Spanish language). The Hopi are descended from the Ancient Pueblo Peoples ( Hopi: Hisatsinom or Navajo: anaasází) who constructed large apartment-house complexes, and had an ancient Native American culture that spanned the present-day Four Corners region of the United States, comprising southeastern Utah, northeastern Arizona, northwestern New Mexico, and southwestern Colorado. [ 2] They lived along the Mogollon Rim, especially from the 12th–14th century, when they abandoned their large villages. The name Hopi is a shortened form of their autonym, Hopituh Shi-nu-mu (\"\"The Peaceful People\"\" or \"\"Peaceful Little Ones\"\"). ["
},
{
"docid": "D474515#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puebloan_peoples\nPuebloans",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Puebloan peoples)navigation search For the minor league baseball team, see Pueblo Indians (baseball). The Puebloans or Pueblo peoples are Native Americans in the Southwestern United States who share common agricultural, material and religious practices. When Spaniards entered the area beginning in the 16th century, they came across complex, multi-story villages built of adobe, stone and other local materials, which they called pueblos, or towns, a term that later came to refer also to the peoples who live in these villages. There are currently 21 Pueblos that are still inhabited, among which Taos, San Ildefonso, Acoma, Zuni, and Hopi are the best-known. Pueblo communities are located in the present-day states of New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas, mostly along the Rio Grande and Colorado rivers and their tributaries. Pueblo peoples speak languages from four different language families, and each Pueblo is further divided culturally by kinship systems and agricultural practices, although all cultivate varieties of maize. Despite increasing pressure from Spanish and later Anglo-American forces, Pueblo nations have maintained much of their traditional cultures while developing a syncretic approach to Catholicism. [ 1] In the 21st century, some 35,000 Pueblo Indians live in New Mexico and Arizona. Contents [ hide ]1 Subdivisions1.1 Divisions based on linguistic affiliation1.2 Divisions based on cultural practices1.2.1 Farming techniques1.2.2 Kinship systems and Religion2 History2.1 The Rise of Pueblo Architecture2.2 European Contact2.2.1 Pueblo Revolt2.2.1.1 Legacy and honors3 Culture3.1 Material culture3.1.1 Clothing3.1.2 Agriculture3.2 Religion4 List of Pueblos4.1 New Mexico4.2 Arizona4.3 Texas4.4 Endonyms and Exonyms5 Feast days6 Pottery7 See also8 References9 References10 External links Subdivisions [ edit]Despite being a cultural and religious unit, scholars have proposed divisions of contemporary Pueblos into smaller groups. Pueblos in New Mexico Divisions based on linguistic affiliation [ edit]Pueblo peoples speak languages from four different language families: Keresan: family to which Western and Eastern Keres belong, considered by some a language isolate consisting of a dialect continuum spoken at the pueblos of Acoma, Laguna, Santa Ana, Zia, Cochiti, Kewa, and San Felipe."
},
{
"docid": "D3490169#0",
"title": "http://nativeamericannetroots.net/diary/1202\nThe Hopi Reservation",
"text": "The Hopi Reservation Posted on December 25, 2011 by Ojibwa The Hopi had lived in their mesa-top villages in what is now northern Arizona for many centuries before the United States acquired the right to govern the area. They did not, however, sign a treaty with the United States and therefore did not reserve a portion of their homelands for themselves. The designation “Hopi” is a contraction of Hopi-tuh which means “peaceful ones.” While the United States has insisted on dealing with the Hopi as if they were a single tribe they are actually about a dozen independent pueblos. The Hopi village of Walpi is shown above. The Hopi reservation in Arizona was created in 1882 by executive order of President Chester A. Arthur. The Executive Order which created the reservation allowed the Hopi only the use of the lands and did not recognize their ownership of the lands. The reservation was totally surrounded by the Navajo reservation and excluded the major Hopi village of Moenkopi. The Hopi were not consulted in the creation of their reservation and its boundaries ignored a larger area that was settled and claimed by the Hopi. The rather arbitrary boundary lines created by the American government did not please the Hopi."
},
{
"docid": "D2744008#0",
"title": "http://www.abrock.com/InterimReports/Kivas/Kivas.html\nAnasazi Kivas",
"text": "\"Anasazi Kivas\"\"Small,\"\" \"\"Regular,\"\" or \"\"Normal\"\" Kivas Let's begin with pit houses, a centuries-old architectural feature of the American southwest. Pit houses were peoples' houses, where they cooked and ate, slept, made clothing and weapons, and, in fact, did everything necessary for family and communal life—including spiritual activity. The pit house was home (Lekson 1994:17) The excavated pit house pictured below, located on the canyon rim at Mesa Verde in Colorado, is tree ring dated to 674. Charred wood gives evidence that the original structure was destroyed by fire, a very common event. Imagine the house: Poles to support the thatch and mud roof are fitted into four holes near the pit wall. In the center is the fire pit immediately below an opening in the roof that is both the smoke hole and the sole entrance. Nearby is a sipapu, a small hole in the floor that symbolizes the opening in the ceiling of the Third World through which the people emerged into the present Fourth World, according to Hopi legend. There is a ventilation shaft at one side, separated from the fire by a stone fire screen, but it is almost unbearably smoky inside—a very good reason to spend as much time as possible outside. Soot has accumulated on the walls and ceiling, heat has dried the sticks and thatch....and then a spark flies up from the central fire. Some family members escape, some do not."
},
{
"docid": "D2865899#0",
"title": "http://www.earwaxclinic.co.uk/treatments/do-ear-candles-work/\nHopi Ear Candles",
"text": "\"Hopi Ear Candles Can They Really Clean Ears? Also known as an ear cone, an ear candle is a thin, hollow tube of linen or muslin cloth, soaked in paraffin or beeswax and tapered at one end. Some are scented with herbs, honey, or aromatherapy oils. Where do Ear Candles Originate From? They are often known as Hopi Candles, which refers to the Hopi tribe of North America but the Hopi people are actually quite upset that their name is being used for marketing purposes, mostly because it's a lie. They deny any association with ear candling. There are various other claims such as the ancient Egyptians and South Americans used them but there is no real evidence for this either. What do Ear Candles Claim to do? The basic claim is that the heat from the flame melts and loosens the ear wax and creates negative pressure that 'sucks' the wax into the candle. This is referred to as the 'chimney effect'."
},
{
"docid": "D2323171#0",
"title": "http://news.softpedia.com/news/12-Things-You-Did-Not-Know-About-Rattlesnakes-77557.shtml\n12 Things You Did Not Know About Rattlesnakes",
"text": "\"12 Things You Did Not Know About Rattlesnakes GOSnakes that were gods Jan 30, 2008 19:06 GMT · By Stefan Anitei · Share:1. Some Indian tribes avoid killing it while others adore it as a divinity. In the Precolumbian America, victims, especially children, were sacrificed to the Snake God. Hopi Indians from Arizona, during the Snakes' Dance, dance holding in their hands rattlesnakes, controlled using their mouths. The dance is the peak of a 9 days rite, whose aim is to get rich crops and plenty of rain. For 4 days, the Hopi Indians capture all the rattlesnakes in the area. Meanwhile, they make ritual sticks, choose richly adorned costumes and ignite fires for gaining the good will of the gods. During the Snakes' Dance, the dancers imitate the snake's movements and pass the reptiles from one to another. At the end of the dance, each one runs away with his snake, which will be released somewhere far away from the village, in one of the directions of the cardinal points. In this moment, the snakes are considered to be turned into messengers to the Storm God for the wishes of the people."
},
{
"docid": "D1988233#0",
"title": "http://traditionscustoms.com/death-rites/native-american-death-rites\nNative American death rites",
"text": "Native American death rites There are many native American nations. Each of them has numerous traditions concerning death, funerals and mourning. Here are only few of them. The Dakota or Sioux native American people live in North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Montana and Nebraska. In Canada the Dakota communities exist in Manitoba, Alberta and Saskatchewan. The Dakota painted the face the deceased with red colour. They believed that red was the “colour of life”. The Ojibwa (Ojibway, Ojibwe) or Chippewa (Chippeway) people also live in both the USA and Canada. In the USA bigger Ojibwa communities exist in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Montana and North Dakota. Most of the Ojibwa in Canada live in Ontario and Saskatchewan."
},
{
"docid": "D1520424#0",
"title": "https://www.nhonews.com/news/2017/jun/06/how-one-small-tribe-beat-coal-and-built-solar-plan/\nNavajo-Hopi Observer",
"text": "How one small tribe beat coal and built a solar plant Southeastern Nevada tribe protects tribal land from coal generating station The Culture Walk on Earth Day April 22, 2012, where the Moapa Band of Paiutes and its allies walked 50 miles from the coal power plant to the federal building in downton Las Vegas. By Yessenia Funes, Colorlines Originally Published: June 6, 2017 10:11 a.m. Share Tweet MOAPA, NV — Tucked between scattered red desert rocks, the Moapa Band of Paiutes dwells on a little over 70,000 acres in southeastern Nevada. It’s a small tribe with a population of no more than 311, but those numbers haven’t stopped its members from shutting down a giant coal generating station to protect their health and land. Photo courtesy of the Sierra Club The Moapa River Indian Reservation with the Reid Gardner Generating Station in the background. While President Donald Trump is attempting to revive the coal industry, the Moapa Band has proven how dangerous that industry can be to health. Tribal members suffer from high rates of asthma and heart disease, though the tribe›s small size makes it difficult to accurately quantify. The coal-fired Reid Gardner Generating Station sits outside the Moapa River Indian Reservation, just beyond a fence for some tribal members who have had to deal with the repercussions of its air pollution and toxic coal ash waste for 52 years. “The whole tribe was suffering from it,” says Vernon Lee, a tribal member and former council member who worked at the plant 15 years ago. “ It’s just bad stuff. We all knew that."
},
{
"docid": "D594696#0",
"title": "http://canyonart.com/index.php/pueblo-pottery/hopi\nHopi",
"text": "\"Hopi The Hopi Nation is located in Northeastern Arizona, approximately in the center of the Navajo Nation. The people live on the tips of three high fingers that jut south from the main land-form, Black Mesa, and in the valleys adjacent to these \"\"fingers.\"\" The Hopi villages atop these three fingers are conveniently called First Mesa, Second Mesa, and Third Mesa. The center for Hopi pottery artists is in Hano, one of three villages atop First Mesa, the eastern most mesa, and especially in the village below it, Polacca. Hopi pottery is made from local clays that typically fire to a color ranging from a light cream to medium buff. Before firing, the potters polish the clay and then apply vegetal and mineral paints for the designs. Families using this technique are among the Nampeyo Family and the Chapella Family. There is one group, the Navasie Family, who apply a slip to the Hopi clay, producing a polished white surface, with vegetal paint designs. Many of the Hopi pottery designs have been adapted from shards of pottery made in the 15th and 16th centuries, a classic period of Hopi pottery. Click for more family information."
},
{
"docid": "D1912384#0",
"title": "http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h949.html\nThe Southwest Culture",
"text": "\"The Southwest Culture Some scholars date the origin of native cultures in the southwestern United States to immigrants who crossed the Bering land bridge from Siberia to Alaska, approximately 10,000 B. C. Others maintain that native cultures came to the Americas as early as 25,000 B. C. These immigrants settled in what is present-day southern Utah and Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico and northern Mexico. This culture area is contiguous with the Far West Culture, the Plains Culture (to the northeast) and the southern part of the Eastern Woodland Culture. The Southwest's climate is generally hot and arid. Much of the land is desert dotted with cacti and other water-miser plants. Some areas are characterized by plateaus, spectacular rock formations and mineral wealth. There are forests at higher elevations. The land is graced by a few green river valleys; summer rains in some areas allowed farming by peoples of remote times. Three significant cultures emerged in the region around 300 B. C. All three were based on a farming society augmented by hunting and gathering. They included the Anasazi, who erected cliff houses in northern Arizona and New Mexico, Utah and Colorado; the Hohokam, who dug complex irrigation systems in central Arizona; and the Mogollon, who hunted and farmed along the rivers of western New Mexico and eastern Arizona. Water was a precious natural resource in Southwestern societies, which kept strict rules about its use down to the youngest child."
}
] |
620115
|
what did the hubble telescope discovered
|
[
{
"docid": "D1149275#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_telescope\nHubble Space Telescope",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Hubble telescope)navigation search\"\"Hubble\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Hubble (disambiguation). Hubble Space Telescope The Hubble Space Telescope as seen from the departing Space Shuttle Atlantis, flying Servicing Mission 4 ( STS-125 ), the fifth and final Hubble mission Mission type Astronomy Operator NASA · ESA · STSc ICOSPAR ID 1990-037BSATCAT no. 20580Website nasa.gov/hubblehubblesite.orgspacetelescope.org Mission duration Elapsed: 27 years, 11 months, 15 days Spacecraft properties Manufacturer Lockheed (spacecraft) Perkin-Elmer (optics)Launch mass 11,110 kg (24,490 lb) [1]Dimensions 13.2 m × 4.2 m (43.3 ft × 13.8 ft) [1]Power 2,800 watts Start of mission Launch date April 24, 1990, 12:33:51 UTC [2]Rocket Space Shuttle Discovery ( STS-31)Launch site Kennedy LC-39BDeployment date April 25, 1990 [1]Entered service May 20, 1990 [1]End of mission Decay date estimated 2030–2040 [3]Orbital parameters Reference system Geocentric Regime Low Earth Semi-major axis 6,917.5 km (4,298.3 mi)Eccentricity 0.000287Perigee 537.4 km (333.9 mi)Apogee 541.4 km (336.4 mi)Inclination 28.47°Period 95.47 minutes 1.35.25.83RAAN 176.23°Argument of perigee 82.61°Mean anomaly 319.41°Mean motion 15.09 rev/day Velocity 7.59 km/s (4.72 mi/s)Epoch December 26, 2017, 13:18:33 UTC [4]Revolution no. 31,936Main telescope Type Ritchey–Chrétien reflector Diameter 2.4 m (7.9 ft)Focal length 57.6 m (189 ft)Focal ratio f /24Collecting area 4.5 m 2 (48 sq ft) [5]Wavelengths Near-infrared, visible light, ultraviolet [ show]Instruments The Hubble Space Telescope ( HST) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation. Although not the first space telescope, Hubble is one of the largest and most versatile, and is well known as both a vital research tool and a public relations boon for astronomy. The HST is named after the astronomer Edwin Hubble, and is one of NASA's Great Observatories, along with the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, the Chandra X-ray Observatory, and the Spitzer Space Telescope. [ 6]With a 2.4-meter (7.9 ft) mirror, Hubble's four main instruments observe in the near ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared spectra. Hubble's orbit outside the distortion of Earth's atmosphere allows it to take extremely high-resolution images, with substantially lower background light than ground-based telescopes. Hubble has recorded some of the most detailed visible light images ever, allowing a deep view into space and time."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D2558884#0",
"title": "http://famousastronomers.org/edwin-hubble/\nEdwin Hubble",
"text": "Edwin Hubble Born: Nov 20, 1889 in Marshfield, Missouri, U. S. Died: Sep 28, 1953 (at age 63) in San Marino, California Nationality: American Famous For: Hubble sequence Awards: Legion of Merit 1946, Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society 1940, Franklin Medal 1939, Bruce Medal 1938Edwin Hubble was an American astronomer who played a vital role in the establishment of extragalactic astronomy. He is regarded as one of the valuable observational cosmologists of the 20th century. He is specifically known for illustrating that recessional velocity in a galaxy increases with the distance from the earth, which implies that the universe is constantly expanding. Edwin Hubble’s Early Life Edwin Hubble was born in 1889. During his early years, he was noted more for his prowess in athletics than in his intellectual capabilities. He was a gifted athlete who played football, basketball, baseball and track. In fact, he ran track in both college and high school. He went to school at the University of Chicago and concentrated mainly on math, philosophy, and astronomy. These earned him a bachelor’s degree in science in 1910. He was married to one wife, Grace Hubble."
},
{
"docid": "D2261841#0",
"title": "http://www.space.com/21950-who-invented-the-telescope.html\nWho Invented the Telescope?",
"text": "\"Space.com Science & Astronomy Reference: Who Invented the Telescope? By Lauren Cox, SPACE.com Contributor | December 20, 2017 10:30pm ETMOREOne of Galileo's first telescopes. He did not invent the telescope, but he did make several improvements and was the first to aim one at the stars. Credit: NASAThe telescope is one of humankind's most important inventions. The simple device that made far away things look near gave observers a new perspective. When curious men pointed the spyglass toward the sky, our view of Earth and our place in the universe changed forever. But who invented the telescope? The answer remains a mystery today. It was probably inevitable that as glassmaking and lens-grinding techniques improved in the late 1500s, someone would hold up two lenses and discovered what they could do. Hans Lippershey, credited with invention of the telescope."
},
{
"docid": "D3381709#0",
"title": "http://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/archive/hubble/overview/hubble_bio.html\nNational Aeronautics and Space Administration",
"text": "Edwin Powell Hubble (1889-1953)Edwin Hubble, for whom the Hubble Space Telescope is named, was one of the leading astronomers of the twentieth century. His discovery in the 1920s that countless galaxies exist beyond our own Milky Way galaxy revolutionized our understanding of the universe and our place within it. Hubble, a tall and athletic man who excelled at sports and even coached high school basketball for a short while, started his professional science career during one of the most exciting eras of astronomy. It was 1919, just a few years after Albert Einstein published his theory of general relativity, and bold, new ideas about the universe were fermenting. Hubble was offered a staff position at the Mount Wilson Observatory, which housed the newly commissioned 100-inch Hooker telescope, then the largest telescope in the world. Hubble, it seemed, had the universe placed in his lap. Most astronomers of Hubble's day thought that all of the universe — the planets, the stars seen with the naked eye and with powerful telescopes, and fuzzy objects called nebulae — was contained within the Milky Way galaxy. Our galaxy, it was thought, was synonymous with the universe. In 1923 Hubble trained the Hooker telescope on a hazy patch of sky called the Andromeda Nebula. He found that it contained stars just like the ones in our galaxy, only dimmer."
},
{
"docid": "D2564485#0",
"title": "http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/121214-hubble-oldest-galaxy-discovered-space-science/\nHubble Discovers Oldest Known Galaxy",
"text": "\"Hubble Discovers Oldest Known Galaxy Formed 380 million years after the Big Bang, primitive galaxy’s light just now reaching Earth. Image from the Hubble space telescope shows some of the oldest galaxies known. Image courtesy R. Ellis, Caltech/ESA/NASAPUBLISHED December 13, 2012The Hubble space telescope has discovered seven primitive galaxies formed in the earliest days of the cosmos, including one believed to be the oldest ever detected. Related Content This Galaxy Has Almost No Dark Matter—And Scientists Are Baffled The Giant Squid Nebula and More Animals of the Cosmos10 Weird Things You (Probably) Didn't Know About the Milky Way The discovery, announced Wednesday, is part of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field campaign to determine how and when galaxies first assembled following the Big Bang. \"\" This 'cosmic dawn' was not a single, dramatic event,\"\" said astrophysicist Richard Ellis with the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. Rather, galaxies appear to have been formed over hundreds of millions of years. Ellis led a team that used Hubble to look at one small section of the sky for a hundred hours. The grainy images of faint galaxies include one researchers determined to be from a period 380 million years after the onset of the universe—the closest in time to the Big Bang ever observed. The cosmos is about 13.7 billion years old, so the newly discovered galaxy was present when the universe was 4 percent of its current age. The other six galaxies were sending out light from between 380 million and 600 million years after the Big Bang. ("
},
{
"docid": "D3342249#0",
"title": "https://www.famousscientists.org/edwin-hubble/\nEdwin Hubble",
"text": "\"Edwin Hubble Lived 1889 – 1953. Edwin Hubble’s work produced a dramatic change in people’s beliefs about the universe, proving it is home to galaxies besides the Milky Way. Hubble showed we live in a universe of many galaxies separated by immense distances, each an isolated ‘island universe.’ Just as Copernicus caused an epochal change when he removed Earth from the center of the solar system, Hubble did so too when he removed our galaxy from the center of the universe. Hubble’s Law signals that the farther away another galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from us. Most scientists believe this means we live in an expanding universe, although Hubble was reluctant to accept this interpretation without further experimental proof. Advertisements Beginnings Edwin Powell Hubble was born on November 20, 1889 in the township of Marshfield, Missouri, USA. His mother was Virginia Lee James. His father was John Powell Hubble, who had a law degree and was an insurance salesman. Edwin was the third of eight children, not all of whom survived childhood."
},
{
"docid": "D1286520#0",
"title": "http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/18/tech/asteroid-near-pass/index.html\nBig asteroid buzzes past Earth and will again in 19 years",
"text": "\"Big asteroid buzzes past Earth and will again in 19 years By Ben Brumfield, CNNUpdated 4:42 PM ET, Fri October 18, 2013JUST WATCHEDSee how close asteroid came to Earth Replay MUST WATCHSee how close asteroid came to Earth 03:37Story highlights In September, a large asteroid passed close by our planet The asteroid, 2013 TV135, was discovered this month NASA says there is very little chance of it posing a threat to Earth Someday a massive asteroid will wreak havoc on Earth, but that is likely millions of years away One of the most dangerous asteroids on record zipped close by Earth last month. It made headlines on Thursday, when reports said that there's a chance it could strike our planet in less than 20 years. Such a collision could unleash a force as powerful as a couple of thousand atomic bombs. But NASA was quick to calm nerves and point out some very good news. The most dangerous known asteroids don't really pose much of a threat. And there are very few of them. Also, the chances that this one, which the Ukrainian astronomers who discovered it named 2013 TV135, will collide with Earth are extremely slim, NASA said in a statement it called \"\"a reality check. \"\" The space agency is 99.998% certain that when it whooshes back around the planet in 2032, it will simply sail past us again. The probability of it striking Earth currently stands at 1:63,000, and even those odds are fading fast, as scientists find out more about the asteroid. Photos: All about asteroids Photos: All about asteroids If you really want to know about asteroids, you need to see one up close."
},
{
"docid": "D2558883#0",
"title": "http://www.spacetelescope.org/about/history/the_man_behind_the_name/\nEdwin Powell Hubble - The man who discovered the cosmos",
"text": "\"Edwin Powell Hubble - The man who discovered the cosmos Edwin Powell Hubble\"\"I knew that even if I were second or third rate, it was astronomy that mattered. \"\" This sentence, written by Edwin Hubble recalling his youth, tells us a lot about the man. A man who eventually broke the promise made to his father and followed the path dictated by his passion. As a result of Hubble's work, our perception of mankind's place in the Universe has changed forever: humans have once again been set aside from the centre of the Universe. When scientists decided to name the Space Telescope after the founder of modern cosmology the choice could not have been more appropriate. A promising student Edwin Hubble was born in Missouri in 1889, the son of an insurance executive, and moved to Chicago nine years later. At his high school graduation in 1906, the principal said: \"\"Edwin Hubble, I have watched you for four years and I have never seen you study for ten minutes.\"\" He paused, leaving young Edwin on tenterhooks a moment longer, before continuing: \"\"Here is a scholarship for the University of Chicago. \"\" This high school scholarship was also awarded to another student by mistake, so the money had to be halved and Edwin had to supply the rest. He paid his expenses by tutoring, working in the summer and, in his junior year, by obtaining a scholarship in physics and working as a laboratory assistant."
},
{
"docid": "D3323178#0",
"title": "https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/neptune-circuit.html\nHubble Space Telescope",
"text": "\"Hubble's Neptune Anniversary Pictures 07.12.11 Today, Neptune has arrived at the same location in space where it was discovered nearly 165 years ago. To commemorate the event, NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has taken these \"\"anniversary pictures\"\" of the blue-green giant planet. Neptune is the most distant major planet in our solar system. German astronomer Johann Galle discovered the planet on September 23, 1846. At the time, the discovery doubled the size of the known solar system. The planet is 2.8 billion miles (4.5 billion kilometers) from the Sun, 30 times farther than Earth. Under the Sun's weak pull at that distance, Neptune plods along in its huge orbit, slowly completing one revolution approximately every 165 years. Credit: NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team (STSc I/AURA) › View larger image in gallery These four Hubble images of Neptune were taken with the Wide Field Camera 3 on June 25-26, during the planet's 16-hour rotation. The snapshots were taken at roughly four-hour intervals, offering a full view of the planet. The images reveal high-altitude clouds in the northern and southern hemispheres."
},
{
"docid": "D2307865#0",
"title": "http://earthsky.org/space/scientists-measure-most-distant-galaxy-yet\nScientists measure most distant galaxy yet",
"text": "\"Scientists measure most distant galaxy yet By Earth Sky in Science Wire | Space | May 5, 2015Galaxy EGS-zs8-1 sets a new distance record. It’s so far away the light we receive left the galaxy over 13 billion years ago, and it is just arriving now. The farthest confirmed galaxy observed to date. It was identified in this Hubble image of a field of galaxies in the CANDELS survey (Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey). This is the most distant confirmed galaxy known, and it appears to also be one of the most massive sources at that time. The inset image of the galaxy is blue, suggesting very young stars. Image credit: NASA, ESA, P. Oesch and I. Momcheva (Yale University), and the 3D-HST and HUDF09/XDF teams An international team of astronomers, led by Yale University and the University of California scientists, pushed back the cosmic frontier of galaxy exploration to a time when the universe was only five percent of its present age of 13.8 billion years. The team discovered an exceptionally luminous galaxy – called EGS-zs8-1 – more than 13 billion years in the past and determined its exact distance from Earth using the combined data from NASA’s Hubble and Spitzer space telescopes, and the Keck I 10-meter telescope at the W. M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii. These observations confirmed it to be the most distant galaxy currently measured, setting a new record. The galaxy existed so long ago, it appears to be only about 100 million years old."
},
{
"docid": "D2914055#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080121092930AA1n4ih\nWho is the Hubble telescope named after?",
"text": "\"Science & Mathematics Astronomy & Space Who is the Hubble telescope named after? Who is the Hubble telescope named after and what does he do in a Living?1 following 7 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Edwin Hubble... He is/was an astronomertmac022480 · 1 decade ago1 0 Comment Asker's rating It is named after Edwin Hubble. Interestingly, when it was first discovered that the telescope has an optical problem, people thought it would an insult to Hubble and proposed to rename the telescope after some less famous astronomer. After the installation of COSTAR, the problem was corrected and the Hubble Space Telescope has lived up to its name Orion A · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment Edwin Powell Hubble (November 20, 1889 – September 28, 1953) was an American astronomer. Hubble was generally incorrectly credited with discovering the redshift of galaxies. These measurements and their significance were understood before 1918. He was a colaborator with other astronomers in establishing a relationship between the redshift and recession speed of distant galaxies. He died of a cerebral thrombosis on September 28, 1953, in San Marino, California.autoglide · 1 decade ago1 0 Comment Edwin was an astronomer born in 1889, died in 1953. He was born in Missouri and raised in Illinois. I am a cousin from the Michigan Hubble's on my Grandmas side."
},
{
"docid": "D1293554#0",
"title": "http://www.astro.caltech.edu/palomar/about/history.html\nA History of Palomar Observatory",
"text": "\"A History of Palomar Observatory Palomar Observatory is among the most iconic scientific facilities in the world, and a crown jewel in the research traditions of Caltech. Conceived of nearly 100 years ago, the observatory has been in continuous scientific operation since the mid-30s, and remains productive and relevant today. Palomar is most directly the vision of George Ellery Hale (1868–1938). In a tour-de-force effort framed by the challenges of the Great Depression and the Second World War, Hale and a dedicated group of astronomers, engineers, technicians, and builders secured funding, designed the telescopes and site, and created the Observatory in much the same state as it exists today. George Ellery Hale was the person most responsible for the building of Palomar Observatory. A graduate of MIT and a founder of Caltech, in 1928 he secured a grant of $6 million from the Rockefeller Foundation for the fabrication of a 200-inch reflecting telescope. [ 1] During the 1930s, he assembled a remarkable team of engineers and designers from academia and industry. Under his direction, these people set to work on the mirror, on the mounting, and on the dome and its support facilities on Palomar Mountain. A triumph of innovation, insight, persistence, and precision the telescope was dedicated in June 1948 ten years after Hale's death. [ 2] This is the Hale Telescope at Palomar Observatory, an instrument that after many decades of service continues to play a leading role in the advancement of astronomy and astrophysics."
},
{
"docid": "D1523124#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_did_edwin_hubble_go_to_college\nWhere did Edwin hubble go to college?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Science Astronomy Where did Edwin hubble go to college? Flag Where did Edwin hubble go to college? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. Edwin Powell Hubble was born in Marshfield, Missouri. He attended high school in Chicago, Illinois, and received his bachelor's degree in mathematics and astronomy in 1910. He was awarded a Rhodes Scholarship to study at the University of Oxford in England, where he earned a law degree in 1912. He returned to the United States in 1913 and settled in Kentucky, where his family had moved. From 1913 to 1914 Hubble practiced law and taught high school in Kentucky and Indiana. In 1914 he moved to Wisconsin to take a research post at the University of Chicago's Yerkes Observatory. In 1917 Hubble earned his Ph."
},
{
"docid": "D462275#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080128145112AAmALNt\nEdwin Hubble's contribution?",
"text": "\"Education & Reference Homework Help Edwin Hubble's contribution?i have some homework that says \"\"What was Edwin Hubble's contribution to astonomy\"\" i ahve forgoten my science book and am not a good guesser pls give me some ledible Update: dont read ledible^-^3 following 3 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Discoveries The universe goes beyond the Milky Way galaxy Hubble's arrival at Mount Wilson in 1919 coincided roughly with the completion of the 100-inch Hooker Telescope, then the world's largest telescope. At that time, the prevailing view of the cosmos was that the universe consists entirely of the Milky Way galaxy. Using the Hooker Telescope, Hubble identified Cepheid variables (a kind of star; see also standard candle) in several objects, including the Andromeda Galaxy, which at that time were known as \"\"nebulae\"\" and had been assumed to lie within the Milky Way. His observations in 1922–1923 conclusively proved that these objects were much more distant than previously thought and were hence galaxies themselves, rather than constituents of the Milky Way. Announced on January 1, 1925, this discovery fundamentally changed the view of the universe. Hubble also devised the most commonly used system for classifying galaxies, grouping them according to their appearance in photographic images. He arranged the different groups of galaxies in what became known as the Hubble sequence. Hubble was generally incorrectly credited with discovering [3] the redshift of galaxies. These measurements and their significance were understood before 1918 by James Edward Keeler (Lick & Allegheny), Vesto Melvin Slipher (Lowell), and Professor William Wallace Campbell (Lick) at other observatories. Combining his own measurements of galaxy distances with Vesto Slipher's measurements of the redshifts associated with the galaxies, Hubble and Milton L. Humason discovered a rough proportionality of the objects' distances with their redshifts."
},
{
"docid": "D2512792#0",
"title": "http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2015/04/24/when-hubble-stared-at-nothing-for-100-hours/\nWhen Hubble Stared at Nothing for 100 Hours",
"text": "No Place Like Home A Blog by Nadia Drake When Hubble Stared at Nothing for 100 Hours Posted Fri, 04/24/2015In 1995, astronomer Bob Williams wanted to point the Hubble Space Telescope at a patch of sky filled with absolutely nothing remarkable. For 100 hours. It was a terrible idea, his colleagues told him, and a waste of valuable telescope time. People would kill for that amount of time with the sharpest tool in the shed, they said, and besides — no way would the distant galaxies Williams hoped to see be bright enough for Hubble to detect. Plus, another Hubble failure would be a public relations nightmare. Perceptions of the project, which had already cost multiple billions of dollars, were pretty dismal. Not much earlier, astronauts had dragged Hubble into the cargo bay of the space shuttle Endeavour and corrected a disastrous flaw in the prized telescope’s vision. After the fix, the previously blind eye in the sky could finally see stars as more than blurred points of light. And now, finally, it was time to start erasing the frustrations of Hubble’s early years. Except that staring at nothing and coming up empty didn’t seem like the best way to do that."
},
{
"docid": "D2789560#0",
"title": "https://www.space.com/16042-cosmology.html\nWhat Is Cosmology? Definition & History",
"text": "\"Space.com Science & Astronomy Reference: What Is Cosmology? Definition & History By Nola Taylor Redd, Space.com Contributor | September 25, 2017 09:50pm ETMORESnapshot from a computer simulation of the formation of large-scale structures in the universe, showing a patch of 100 million light-years and the resulting coherent motions of galaxies flowing toward the highest mass concentration in the center. Credit: ESOCosmology is a branch of astronomy that involves the origin and evolution of the universe, from the Big Bang to today and on into the future. According to NASA, the definition of cosmology is \"\"the scientific study of the large scale properties of the universe as a whole. \"\" Cosmologists puzzle over exotic concepts like string theory, dark matter and dark energy and whether there is one universe or many (sometimes called the multiverse ). While other aspects astronomy deal with individual objects and phenomena or collections of objects, cosmology spans the entire universe from birth to death, with a wealth of mysteries at every stage. History of cosmology & astronomy Humanity's understanding of the universe has evolved significantly over time. In the early history of astronomy, Earth was regarded as the center of all things, with planets and stars orbiting it. In the 16th century, Polish scientist Nicolaus Copernicus suggested that Earth and the other planets in the solar system in fact orbited the sun, creating a profound shift in the understanding of the cosmos. In the late 17th century, Isaac Newton calculated how the forces between planets — specifically the gravitational forces — interacted."
},
{
"docid": "D2026343#0",
"title": "https://www.coursehero.com/flashcards/646862/Astronomy-Final/\nAstronomy Final Flashcards",
"text": "\"Terms Definitions Which of the following statements about how halo stars compare to our Sun is NOT true? Most stars in the halo are in a more advanced stage of life than the Sun, such as in red giant stage. How would you expect a star that formed recently in the disk of the galaxy to differ from one that formed early in the history of the disk? It should have a higher fraction of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium. Most nearby stars move relative to the Sun at speeds below about 30 km/s. Suppose you observe a nearby star that is moving much faster than this (say, 300 km/s). Which of the following is a likely explanation for its high speed? It is probably a halo star that is currently passing through the disk. If we could see our own galaxy from 2 million light-years away, it would appear ______.to be a flattened disk with a central bulge and spiral arms. All the following types of objects are found almost exclusively in the disk (rather than halo) of the Milky Way EXCEPT ______.globular clusters By observing the 300 stars nearest Earth, we know that no star clusters have formed recently in our neighborhood because ______.there are no nearby stars of spectral type O or B. Applying the orbital velocity law to the a star orbiting 40,000 light-years from the center of the Milky Way galaxy allows us to determine ______.the mass of the Milky Way Galaxy that lies within 40,000 light-years of the galactic center."
},
{
"docid": "D1398504#0",
"title": "http://www.space.com/15892-hubble-space-telescope.html\nHubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History",
"text": "\"Space.com Science & Astronomy Reference: Hubble Space Telescope: Pictures, Facts & History By Nola Taylor Redd, Space.com Contributor | December 14, 2017 10:40pm ETMORESince its launch in 1990, the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) has provided a dazzling array of images that have awed and inspired the public. More than just pretty pictures, the dozens of terabytes of data collected has provided insight into the universe, from objects as close as the moon to the most remote galaxies, with incredible photos of supernovas and nebulas in between. Below we explore the history of the telescope and its discoveries, plus Hubble facts and links to some of the orbiting observatory's best pictures. First, we take a look at an iconic photo. This Hubble picture is widely recognized; it is the view of the so-called Pillars of Creation within the Eagle Nebula. [ See a gallery of recent Hubble pictures . ] This 1995 Hubble Space Telescope image of the 'Pillars of Creation' is probably the most famous astronomical image of the 20th Century. Taken in visible light using a combination of SII/H-alpha and OIII filters, it shows a part of the Eagle Nebula where new stars are forming. The tallest pillar is around 4 light-years high. Credit: NASA/ESA/STSc I, Hester & Scowen (Arizona State University)The telescope initially launched with a flaw in its mirror that hampered its ability to do observations."
},
{
"docid": "D84080#0",
"title": "https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/High_School_Earth_Science/Telescopes\nHigh School Earth Science/Telescopes",
"text": "\"High School Earth Science/Telescopes< High School Earth Science This is the latest reviewed version, checked on 8 December 2015. Quality: minimalnavigation search Contents1 Lesson Objectives2 Electromagnetic Radiation2.1 The Speed of Light2.2 Light-Years2.3 Looking Back in Time2.4 Electromagnetic Waves2.5 The Electromagnetic Spectrum3 Types of Telescopes3.1 Optical Telescopes3.2 Radio Telescopes3.3 Space Telescopes4 Observations with Telescopes4.1 Ancient Astronomers4.2 Galileo's Observations4.3 Observations with Modern Telescopes5 Lesson Summary6 Review Questions7 Vocabulary8 Points to Consider Many scientists can interact directly with what they are studying. Biologists can collect cells, seeds, or sea urchins and put them in a controlled laboratory environment. Physicists can subject metals to stress or smash atoms into each other. Geologists can chip away at rocks to see what is inside. But astronomers, scientists who study the universe beyond Earth, rarely have a chance for direct contact with their subject. Instead, astronomers have to observe their subjects at a distance, usually a very large distance!Lesson Objectives [ edit]Explain how astronomers use the whole electromagnetic spectrum to study the universe beyond Earth. Identify different types of telescopes. Describe historical and modern observations made with telescopes. Electromagnetic Radiation [ edit]Earth is separated from the rest of the universe by very large expanses of space."
},
{
"docid": "D3356332#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_did_it_take_to_build_the_Hubble_Telescope\nHow long did it take to build the Hubble Telescope?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Technology Space Travel and Exploration Artificial Satellites Hubble Space Telescope How long did it take to build the Hubble Telescope? Flag How long did it take to build the Hubble Telescope? Answer by Csanders0 Confidence votes 16.0KIt took 20 years to build and launch the hubble telescope, a total of seven years after the proposed launched date in 1983, and even then it was not operational as one of it's main mirrors had been fitted incorectly, and it took another three years for a servicing mission made it fully operational. I have no idea4 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No How long does it take for the hubble space telescope to orbit the earth? It takes 97 minutes for hubble to fully orbit around Earth. It travels at 5 miles per second. Rory Hem 7,836 Contributions How long did the hubble telescope take to build? Construction began in 1977 and it was ready for launch in 1985, around eight years later. It was not launched until April 24, 1990 though, due to delays from the Challenger di …How long did it take to build the Hubble Space Telescope?16 years Daniel Patel 1 Contribution How much did the Hubble telescope cost to build?"
},
{
"docid": "D1575879#0",
"title": "http://www.findingdulcinea.com/features/science/space/hubble-space-telescope.html\nThe Hubble Telescope: From First Launch to Last Repair Mission",
"text": "A View Above the Clouds: How the Hubble Telescope Came to Be Before orbiting observatories such as the Copernicus satellite and the Orbiting Astronomical Observatory, astronomers were limited in their view of space. The Earth’s atmosphere distorts the view of the stars and limits the entrance of radiation waves to the Earth’s surface; this prevents some ultraviolet and x-rays from passing through the atmosphere, which is good for people, but bad for astronomy. Orbiting satellites, as they are beyond the Earth’s atmosphere, can clearly observe all wave emissions from space, though the early satellites did not have very advanced data collection tools and couldn't be easily repaired. Both NASA and the European Space Agency wanted a more sophisticated satellite that could be repaired and used for years. In 1975, they began working on developing the Hubble Space Telescope. The name Hubble comes from the famous astronomer Edwin Hubble. Born on Nov. 29, 1889, Hubble was first a well-known boxer and then a lawyer before he returned to science and worked at the Mount Wilson Observatory in California. In his studies as an astronomer, he proved that there were galaxies outside the Milky Way. He also proved what is known as “Hubble’s constant,” which says that the farther apart galaxies are from each other, the faster they move. Originally set to launch in October 1986, the launch of the Hubble telescope was delayed for two years because of the explosion of the space shuttle Challenger."
}
] |
620119
|
what did the idea of the manifest destiny lead the american people to do
|
[
{
"docid": "D1067828#0",
"title": "http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h337.html\nManifest Destiny",
"text": "\"Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny was a phrase which invoked the idea of divine sanction for the territorial expansion of the United States. It first appeared in print in 1845, in the July-August issue of the United States Magazine and Democratic Review. The anonymous author, thought to be its editor John L. O'Sullivan, proclaimed \"\"our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our multiplying millions. \"\" The specific context of the article was the annexation of Texas, which had taken place not long before. Other applications of the notion of manifest destiny were soon found. It was used to promote the annexations of Mexican territory acquired in the Mexican-American War, of territory in Oregon gained through negotiations with the British, and the seizure (not carried out) of Cuba from the Spanish during the 1850's. Various arguments against western expansion were put forward, particularly by those on the Eastern seaboard who feared a dilution of their influence on national affairs. It was suggested that a democratic government should not try to extend itself over such a vast territory. James K. Polk responded to this in his inaugural address in 1844: In the earlier stages of our national existence the opinion prevailed with some that our system of confederated States could not operate successfully over an extended territory, and serious objections have at different times been made to the enlargement of our boundaries. These objections were earnestly urged when we acquired Louisiana."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D99601#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/history/were-effects-manifest-destiny-d34cfed1cee748cc\nWhat Were the Effects of Manifest Destiny?",
"text": "\"History Modern History US History Q: What Were the Effects of Manifest Destiny? A: Quick Answer The primary effect of manifest destiny is that the United States is a bi-coastal nation stretching more than 3,000 miles from Maine to California. Manifest destiny also displaced a lot of non-native people and created an expanse of roads and railroads that aided in the development of industry. Continue Reading Keep Learning What Is the Significance of Manifest Destiny? How Did \"\"Manifest Destiny\"\" Affect Native Americans? What Are Positive Effects of Manifest Destiny? Full Answer Scholars also argue that manifest destiny ultimately resulted in the American Civil War. Southern plantations owners were among the earliest proponents of manifest destiny and saw it not only as a way of finding more land to cultivate but a method of expanding slavery. The argument over which new states would be slave states and which would not was ultimately one of the primary causes of the southern secession. The battle of the North and South over control of the expanding railroad system, which aided in the rapid growth of industry in the United States, also ultimately contributed to the Civil War."
},
{
"docid": "D3078352#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/9128882/modern-us-history-flash-cards/\nModern US History",
"text": "\"87 terms Mrs Green OHVAModern US History Semester 1 Exam Review Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Why were the founders of the Plymouth Colony called pilgrims? The Plymouth colonists believed they were making a religious journey What religious group founded Pennsylvania? Quakers Why did the American colonists object to paying taxes to the British government? The colonists were not allowed to vote for members of Parliament Why did the American colonists think that taxation by the British was unfair? The colonists had no elected representation in the English Parliament. Which colony was founded by Catholics on land given by King Charles I? Maryland Which American leader's discoveries and inventions characterized the Enlightenment? Benjamin Franklin What was a key theme of the period known as the Great Awakening? Salvation does not depend on membership in a single church What was George Washington's role during the American Revolution? commander in chief of the Continental Army What document promotes the idea that all people are created equal and are entitled to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness?"
},
{
"docid": "D633409#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/63741634/history-chapter-9-and-10-flash-cards/\nHistory chapter 9 and 10",
"text": "\"42 terms porter_miles123History chapter 9 and 10Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort3 points of the 14 points -make no secret diplomatic agreements -allow freedom of the seas in peace and war -restore and protect Belgiums sovereignty How did nationalism and militarism both work to push Europe toward war Militarism led to new weapons and technology and led to an arms race. Nationalism led to heightening of tensions among ethnic groups and heightened territorial disputes Why did president Wilson fear that the war would set Americans against one another Wilson feared that if the us entered war Americans of different national backgrounds would be angry or might turn against one another. Wilson advised Americans to not form opinions about the tensions What German actions led the United States to enter world war 1 Germany twice violate its promise not to sink unarmed passenger ships and sent the Zimmerman note to Mexico How did the us ready it's military, economy, and people for war Us government instituted draft to build military, dictated a change in industry and agriculture to meet the needs of wartime, and also began the committee on public information to convince Americans that the war effort was worthwhile How did American involvement help the allies win world war 1 Us troops helped reverse the German advance and boosted allied morale. Us ships assisted in protected convoys Why did Wilson believe that a \"\"peace without victory\"\" would help avoid future wars He believed that if the terms of the treaty weren't punitive, but encouraged self determination, future wars might be avoided. He believed that if victors punished losers, there would be resentment in Europe and future wars could result. He considered his proposal a way to achieve peace without victory. How did the decisions at the Paris peace conference violate the fourteen points The decisions ignored the principle of self determination harshly punished the former central powers, and failed to include other ideas from the fourteen points such as freedom of the seas, free trade, the liberation of colonial empires and disarmament What reservations did Henry Cabot lodge and his followers have about the peace treaty Many people thought that the treaty could lead the us into a war without the consent of congress, which was unconstitutional. They wanted the treaty revise to ensure that it would not contradict the power of congress to declare war How did the economic situation after the war lead to labor unrest After the war the economy slowed and inflation rose."
},
{
"docid": "D1320995#0",
"title": "http://www.inquisitr.com/1207105/native-american-and-european-american-worldviews-collide/\nNative American And European American Worldviews Collide",
"text": "April 10, 2014Native American And European American Worldviews Collide Opinion William Brisby The Native American worldview was drastically different from the European American worldview when the two cultures first met. In 1492 Columbus landed in North America and created the first contact between Native Americans and Europeans. Thus began diplomatic negotiations over territory which will become the United States of America. From the very beginning of these negotiations both sides were confused about each other. Columbus mistakenly called these people Indians. Columbus either knew did not know how far from India he really was or he didn’t want to admit it. Some Native Americans believed fair skinned Europeans to be some kind of demon. Each of these misconceptions about the other is directly caused by each of the two group’s worldviews. As we see in the course of US history the misconceptions keep rolling in from 1492 to present shaped by conflicting worldviews. The European-American worldview will have a dramatic impact on the fate of many Native Americans while providing the rationalization for Indian removal by the US government."
},
{
"docid": "D2558058#0",
"title": "http://www.historynet.com/manifest-destiny\nManifest Destiny",
"text": "Manifest Destiny Facts, information and articles about Manifest Destiny, an event of Westward Expansion from the Wild West Manifest Destiny summary: In the 19th century US, Manifest Destiny was a belief that was widely held that the destiny of American settlers was to expand and move across the continent to spread their traditions and their institutions, while at the same time enlightening more primitive nations. And the American settlers of the time considered Indians and Hispanics to be inferior and therefore deserving of cultivation. The settlers considered the United States to be the best possible way to organize a country so they felt the need to remake the world in the image of their own country. Many Americans believed that God blessed the growth of American nation and even demanded of them to actively work on it. Since they were sure of their cultural and racial superiority, they felt that their destiny was to spread their rule around and enlighten the nations that were not so lucky. The settlers firmly believed in the virtue of American people and the mission to impose their virtuous – mainly Puritan – way of life on everybody else. This rhetorical background served to explain the acquisition of territories or reasons to go to war, such as the war with Mexico in 1840s. Manifest Destiny Goes Global Outside the United States, the effects of manifest destiny were being seen in U. S. intervention in the Spanish-American war when Spain ceded the Philippine Islands, Puerto Rico and Guam to the U. S. This was an expansion of U. S. territory as colonies rather than states and was another demonstration of growing U. S. imperialism. The term of ‘Manifest Destiny’ first appeared in a newspaper article on the annexation of Texas in edition from July/August of the United States Magazine and Democratic Review in 1845. The author, John L. O’Sullivan used it to describe what majority of Americans at the time believed was their mission from God: to expand to west and bring the United States government to unenlightened people."
},
{
"docid": "D99603#0",
"title": "https://prezi.com/bnoqjk9dycd2/manifest-destiny-impacts-on-economics-and-politics/\nManifest Destiny: Impacts on Economics and Politics",
"text": "\"Public & reusable Create your own Make a copy Share Embed Like Manifest Destiny: Impacts on Economics and Politics No descriptionby Nesikah Wraggon 14 May 2015Tweet Comments ( 0)Please log in to add your comment. Report abuse Transcript of Manifest Destiny: Impacts on Economics and Politics Americans traded and Exchanged goods with the Natives Many consequences of westward expansion on Native Americans; disease, desire for land Many Native Americans began to adapt to American culture Whig Party, abolitionists, poor, merchants, and Northeast politicians had different perspectives on westward expansion Manifest Destiny: Mrs. Wragg 8th Grade Unit 3Impacts on Economics and Politics Influences on the North Influence on the South Influence on the West Influence on Native American Influence on Mexicans Industrialization New market out West Immigration Political conflict in the North Loss of land gold rush generals in command effects of war Trading New Land Acquisition Division of the North and South More Powerful Economy What is Manifest Destiny? Immigrants New territory attracted millions of immigrants. Irish German Belief that Americans had the divine right to expand their territory. Cotton Gin Industrialization New transportation and communication connected people and markets. Railroad System Steam Boats Telegraph Made cotton the leading crop of the South Slavery's demand went up The South was now tied to cotton and slavery Manifest Destiny and profits fueled westward expansion Perspective on Manifest Destiny New Market Farming and Agriculture Population Growth Large families were considered an asset for farmers As a result, the US experienced an increased birth rate The population also grew as a result of immigration New territories were needed to accommodate the rapid growth Commerce The US started building ports and increasing trade with countries in the Pacific Farmers also began selling to far-away markets Relied upon cash and credit They also began to deal with regional merchants Gold Rush Westward Settlement Farmers began to move west and expand their farms into even larger fields, producing more crops Crop specialization started to take place As a result of Manifest Destiny, land in the west was being sold for low cost. The government passed the Homestead Act (160 acres of land, work for 5 years before ownership) In some cases land was free The gold rushes brought many more people to the west They were hoping to get rich by panning for gold They also brought many immigrants to the west in search of profit from gold Industrialization Intro Texas Mexico allowed Americans to settle in Texas if they followed its rules and traditions The American settlers wanted to follow their own ideals instead Tensions and American's belief in Manifest Destiny led to the Mexican-American War Americans took Texas and also fueled westward expansion In the nineteenth century, many workers migrated to California after James Marshall struck gold at Sutter's Mill in Coloma. The miners panned through rivers in search of gold Gold Rush Gold was discovered in California in 1848 Many Americans left their jobs to try to strike rich Businesses prospered off new settlers out west Encouraged settlers to continue expanding Led to the rapid growth of California Native Americans Native Americans occupied the land wanted by the South The South's solution was the Indian Removal Act of 1830 Led to more land and more money Negative Impacts Exchanging goods such as fur, leathers and tobacco Wilmot's Proviso The South wanted to spread slave-based labor to new land The North was against the spreading of slavery Wilmot's Proviso was introduced to Congress. Passed the House but not the Senate. Increased the awareness of the slavery issue within the territories Would have affected the South's economy and politics Slavery in the United States."
},
{
"docid": "D509474#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_helped_to_spread_the_belief_in_Manifest_Destiny\nHow did the railroad help the manifest destiny?",
"text": "How did the railroad help the manifest destiny? It made transportation faster, making traveling easier. Since traveling by wagon is a hard thing to do, railroads and trains are much easier. And because it's easy, people ar …Luke OG 1 Contribution Manifest Destiny is the belief that Americans should? Move westward at any cost. The citizens of the United States had a God-given right to conquer the land to the Pacific Ocean. Zonka 8,220 Contributions Manifest Destiny advanced the belief that? The USA should extend from ocean to ocean. What was the American belief in Manifest Destiny?they believed that Indians could really kill them animals Who did manifest destiny help? It helped Americans Nikki Hawkins 1 Contribution What was the belief behind manifest destiny?"
},
{
"docid": "D2464276#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_is_the_manifest_destiny_a_bad_idea\nWhy is the manifest destiny a bad idea?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Manifest Destiny and Western Expansion Why is the manifest destiny a bad idea? Flag Why is the manifest destiny a bad idea? Answer by Kipling Chase Confidence votes 264Manifest Destiny was a bad idea, in hindsight, for several reasons. One: it essentially gave white Americans the incentive and cleared them of any guilt for stealing lands that had been previously promised to Native American tribes by the U. S. government. Two: the massive exodus from people from the eastern states into the center created an agricultural society that the land couldn't actually support. This later would result in the Dust Bowl during the early 20th century that expanded across the middle of the country, bankrupting hundreds and causing massive dust storms that blew as far as New York City. Three: westward expansion caused the depletion of the wild buffalo that roamed the plains in millions, now the numbers have dwindled. Regardless of it's downfalls, it's important to remember that Manifest Destiny has benefited us in more ways that it has been deficient. For example, it created a pressure valve to relieve the overpopulated cities of the East and it later attracted immigrants from other countries. Moreover it spurred the need for a transcontintal railroad, which provided jobs and helped establish different time zones in the United States.16 people found this useful Was this answer useful?"
},
{
"docid": "D1959786#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_big_idea_behind_the_manifest_destiny\nWhat was the big idea behind the manifest destiny?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Manifest Destiny and Western Expansion What was the big idea behind the manifest destiny? Flag What was the big idea behind the manifest destiny? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. The people thought that it was gods decition and their destiny to conquer the west and they used this excuse through their innapropriate quest for land in the wast1 person found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Jgoncorona 55 Contributions What was the idea of manifest destiny? The United States should extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. Bunnyluver2433 21 Contributions What is the idea of manifest destiny? Manifest Destiny was the idea that the US would stretch from sea to sea, covering everything that it now covers. Manifest means \"\"Obvious\"\" and destiny usually refers to God's …Bow Wow Helper 35 Contributions What is meant by the idea of Manifest Destiny? Americans called their expansion west Manifest Destiny because they belived America was destined to be a country from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean."
},
{
"docid": "D686746#0",
"title": "http://study.com/academy/lesson/manifest-destinys-texas-annexation-problem.html\nManifest Destiny's Texas Annexation Problem",
"text": "\" {\"\"error\"\":true,\"\"iframe\"\":true}Your next lesson will play in 10 seconds Add to Timeline Autoplay 30K views Create an account to start this course today Try it free for 5 days!Create An Account Recommended Lessons and Courses for You Related Lessons Related Courses The Mexican-American War, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo & the Wilmot Proviso President Fillmore and the Compromise of 1850 The Oregon Trail: Westward Migration to the Pacific Ocean James Monroe's Presidency: The Monroe Doctrine Lesson Transcript Instructor: Alexandra Lutz Alexandra has taught students at every age level from pre-school through adult. She has a BSEd in English Education. Find out why it took five presidents (Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison, Tyler and Polk) to get Texas annexed into the U. S. and added as a state during the era of Manifest Destiny. The Republic of Texas The annexation of Oregon was supported almost unquestionably both in the government and popular opinion. But it took nearly a decade, and as many as five presidents, for Texas to be approved. Why did it take so long? To find the answer, we need to go back a quarter of a century. Mexico encouraged Americans to settle in the area now known as Texas In 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain. Almost immediately the new nation was embroiled in civil war, and Native American tribes fought for control of the less-populated Northeastern region. Obviously, Mexico had difficulty attracting settlers into the Northeast."
},
{
"docid": "D2969828#0",
"title": "http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/articles/ushistory/manifestdestiny.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Social Studies for Kids Home • Fun Facts • Glossaries • Newsletter • FAQManifest Destiny Manifest Destiny was the idea that the Americans who colonized the Eastern Seaboard, won the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812, and took advantage of the Louisiana Purchase were following a preordained path when they expanded further westward, all the way to the West Coast of North America. The term itself was first used in print by New York editor John L. O'Sullivan, in an article urging support for the annexation of Texas. The article, titled \"\"Annexation,\"\" appeared in the July-August 1845 edition of the United States Magazine and Democratic Review. In particular, O'Sullivan wrote, that it was America's \"\"manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions. \"\" The United States annexed Texas and won the consequent Mexican-American War. As a result, in the particulars of the Mexican Cession, the U. S. gained a wide swath of new territory, further fueling the fevor of expansion. It wasn't until the border dispute with Great Britain, however, over the Oregon Territory that the term Manifest Destiny appeared again. This was in December of 1845, and the U. S. and Britain were squabbling over the boundaries of the Oregon Territory. Despite looming war with Mexico, many Americans wanted to go to war over Oregon as well. The northern border of the Oregon Territory was at the 54th parallel and 40."
},
{
"docid": "D1800257#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_did_the_Manifest_Destiny_begin\nWhen did the Manifest Destiny begin?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History American Revolution When did the Manifest Destiny begin? Flag When did the Manifest Destiny begin? Answer by Aaron Butler Confidence votes 71The 1840s. The term \"\"Manifest Destiny\"\" was coined by John L. O'Sullivan in a newspaper editorial in 1845, but America's expansion to the west was sparked by the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. After the War of 18123 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Gillybee191 160 Contributions What was the Manifest Destiny? The Manifest Destiny was an idea made popular in the 1800's by John Louis O'Sullivan that the United States must expand its boundaries to the Pacific Ocean.. Answer: The idea …Ohmyitscarol03 26 Contributions What was the Manifest Destiny about? Manifest Destiny was used by American settlers in the 1840's to justify their invasion of Indian land--it was their \"\"God-given right. \"\" Nikofeelan 425 Contributions Manifest Destiny was? The Belief that America must spread Democracy across North America."
},
{
"docid": "D580538#0",
"title": "http://users.humboldt.edu/ogayle/hist110/geography.html\n.",
"text": "\"As of December 31, 2014, I retired from full-time teaching in Humboldt State University's Department of History. While this website will remain online, it is no longer maintained. History 110 - Dr. Gayle Olson-Raymer The Geographical Consequences of Manifest Destiny Today we begin our third unit of study - Movement Westward and Manifest Destiny. This newest chapter in our storybegins at the turn of the 19th Century as Americans began to cut a small pathway into the American west,continues as Americans begin their persistent trek westward throughout the North American continent, andends in 1890 when the federal government declared that a \"\"frontier of settlement\"\" no longer existed; the North American continent had been settled and was officially civilized. We have come to call this period of U. S. history the era of Manifest Destiny. To get a better understanding of this era, we will begin with this famous painting - American Progress - painted by John Gast in 1872. What examples of progress do you see in the painting? Why is this painting also an example of one of our course themes - Progress is not always progressive? And just what is Manifest Destiny? Manifest Destiny - The belief that Americans had the God-given right to expand westward, to spread democracy, and to conquer anything and anyone as they marched across the North American continent."
},
{
"docid": "D2366956#0",
"title": "http://songmeanings.com/songs/view/4800/\nEagles â The Last Resort",
"text": "\"Eagles – The Last Resort63 Comments 0 Tags\"\"The Last Resort\"\" as written by and T. Graham Brown Bruce C Bouton.... Read More... Edit Wiki She came from Providence, the one in Rhode Island Where the old world shadows hang heavy in the air She packed her hopes and dreams like a refugee Just as her father came across the sea She heard about a place people were smilin' They spoke about the red man's way, how they loved the land And they came from everywhere to the Great Divide Seeking a place to stand or a place to hide Down in the crowded bars out for a good time, Can't wait to tell you all what it's like up there And they called it paradise, I don't know why Somebody laid the mountains low while the town got high Then the chilly winds blew down across the desert Through the canyons of the coast to the Malibu Where the pretty people play hungry for power To light their neon way and give them things to do Some rich man came and raped the land, nobody caught 'em Put up a bunch of ugly boxes and, Jesus, people bought 'em And they called it paradise, the place to be, They watched the hazy sun sinking in the sea You can leave it all behind and sail to Lahaina Just like the missionaries did so many years ago They even brought a neon sign 'Jesus is Coming' Brought the white man's burden down, brought the white man's reign Who will provide the grand design, what is yours and what is mine? 'Cause there is no more new frontier, we have got to make it here We satisfy our endless needs and justify our bloody deeds In the name of destiny and in the name of God And you can see them there on Sunday morning Stand up and sing about what it's like up there They called it paradise, I don't know why You call some place paradise, kiss it goodbye Edit Lyrics Edit Wiki Add Video Lyrics submitted by Demau Senae\"\"The Last Resort\"\" as written by Don Henley Glenn Frey Lyrics © Cass County Music / Wisteria Music / Privet Music, Warner/Chappell Music, Inc., Red Cloud Music Lyrics powered by Lyric Find Add your thoughts63 Comments View by: Highest Rated Most Recent Oldest First+6 General Comment To me, this song is about development. Development of land for financial gain, evangelization of people, and the ignorance we show towards both. \"\" Down in the crowded bars, out for a good time, Can't wait to tell you all, what it's like up there And they called it paradise I don't know why Somebody laid the mountains low while the town got high\"\" To me, this is about the desecration of the environment, and how we humans choose to ignore it. The \"\"laying low\"\" of the mountains is probably about mining or logging, and how the people in the towns just drink to celebrate the end of the weeks work. They drown their sorrows in drink and drugs, and ignore the damage they are doing. \"\" Some rich men came and raped the land, Nobody caught 'em Put up a bunch of ugly boxes, and Jesus, people bought 'em And they called it paradise The place to be They watched the hazy sun, sinking in the sea\"\" Is pretty self-explanatory. Development, the destroying of the land and the building of homes, offices and shops. Calling it paradise, because it's a nice home, ad watching the hazy sun, possibly hazy because of pollution. This seems to be a very sarcastic lyric. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D2660431#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/8651372/apush-43-flash-cards/\nAPUSH 4.3",
"text": "\"17 terms melstefanik APUSH 4.3Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, Hartford Convention, and Nashville Convention The Kentucky and Virginia resolutions were written by 2 notable Democratic republicans in response to the Alien and sedition Acts. Outraged Madison and Jefferson claimed that they had not given up the right to judge the constitutionally of the Federal government and that the states had the right to nullify Federal law if it is unconstitutional. This showed great stress on the colonies and threatened disunion in the 1790's. Unlike the Kentucky and Virginia resolutions the Hartford Convention was a Federalist meeting outraged by the huge populations of Democratic Republicans in office (instead of the other way around). They were angry because they, like the Democratic republicans were being unconstitutional in the Louisiana Purchase, reducing New England's economic strength, adding and embargo act and that the government had brought 'Mr. Madison's war' with a British blockade to New England. The Nashville Convention was held in 1850 by delegates from nine slave holding states to consider a possible course of action if Congress decided to ban slavery in the new territories being added to the country as a result of Manifest Destiny. The compromise worked out in Nashville paved the way for the Compromise of 1850. Henry Clay proposed; the admission of California as a free state, the division of the remainder of the Mexican cession into New Mexico and Utah, the settlement of the Texas-New Mexico boundary dispute on terms favorable to New Mexico, an agreement that the federal government would assume the debt of Texas, the continuance of slavery in the District of Columbia but the abolition of slave trade, and a more effective fugitive slave law."
},
{
"docid": "D593589#0",
"title": "http://teachinghistory.org/history-content/ask-a-historian/25502\nManifest Destiny: Creating an American Identity",
"text": "\"Home » History Content » Ask a Historian Manifest Destiny: Creating an American Identity Question What was \"\"Manifest Destiny\"\"? Answer The term \"\"manifest destiny\"\" was first used by journalist John O'Sullivan in the New York Democratic Review in 1845. O'Sullivan wrote in favor of the U. S. annexing Texas, a region that the U. S. recognized as independent of any other nation. ( Mexico maintained that the region was Mexican territory.) For more than 20 years, Anglo-Americans had migrated into the region, bringing ever-increasing numbers of enslaved men and women with them, tying the region to the economics and politics of the U. S. Sentiment for and against annexation reached fever pitch in 1845 and became a major feature of the presidential election campaigns of Henry Clay and James Polk. It was in this climate that O'Sullivan wrote his column for the July-August edition of the Review. Opponents to annexation, he argued, were trying to stop \"\"the fulfillment of our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions\"\" ( 1 ). In simple terms, Manifest Destiny was the idea that Americans were destined, by God, to govern the North American continent. In simple terms, Manifest Destiny was the idea that Americans were destined, by God, to govern the North American continent. This idea, with all the accompanying transformations of landscape, culture, and religious belief it implied, had deep roots in American culture."
},
{
"docid": "D2504453#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Was_manifest_destiny_successful\nWas manifest destiny successful?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Manifest Destiny and Western Expansion Was manifest destiny successful? Flag Was manifest destiny successful? Answer by Peter Zavon Confidence votes 64.4KManifest Destiny was not something that could succeed or fail, it was a philosophy or view of history. Manifest Destiny was the view that it was the obvious destiny of the United States to span the American continent, from Atlantic to Pacific. ( The word \"\"manifest\"\" in this context means \"\"clear\"\" or \"\"obvious.\"\") Some of the more radical proponents of the view also thought the incorporation of Canada and at least parts of Mexico (Yucatan was a target at one time) as well as some of the Caribbean Islands, were included in that destiny. As it turned out, the US did come to span the continent, and nearly came to include Cuba. In the process we took a good deal of northern Mexico, and nearly went to war with England for a third time. The concept of there being a Manifest Destiny of the US undoubtedly contributed to the force and rapidity of that expansion.2 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Gillybee191 160 Contributions What was the Manifest Destiny?"
},
{
"docid": "D99605#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifest_Destiny\nManifest destiny",
"text": "\"This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( December 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)For other uses, see Manifest Destiny (disambiguation). American Progress, (1872) by John Gast, is an allegorical representation of the modernization of the new west. Columbia, a personification of the United States, is shown leading civilization westward with the American settlers. She is shown bringing light from the East into the West, stringing telegraph wire, holding a school textbook that will instill knowledge, [1] and highlights different stages of economic activity and evolving forms of transportation. [ 2]History of U. S. expansion and influence Foreign policy Military history Timeline of military operations List of wars United States military deployments List of bases Manifest destiny Non-interventionism Foreign interventions Pax Americana America's Backyard Territorial acquisitions United States involvement in regime changev t e In the 19th century, manifest destiny was a widely held belief in the United States that its settlers were destined to expand across North America. There are three basic themes to manifest destiny: The special virtues of the American people and their institutions The mission of the United States to redeem and remake the west in the image of agrarian America An irresistible destiny to accomplish this essential duty [3]Historian Frederick Merk says this concept was born out of \"\"a sense of mission to redeem the Old World by high example ... generated by the potentialities of a new earth for building a new heaven\"\". [ 4]Historians have emphasized that \"\"manifest destiny\"\" was a contested concept— pre-civil war Democrats endorsed the idea but many prominent Americans (such as Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and most Whigs) rejected it."
},
{
"docid": "D144182#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_does_the_term_manifest_destiny_mean\nWhat does the term manifest destiny mean?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Manifest Destiny and Western Expansion What does the term manifest destiny mean? Flag What does the term manifest destiny mean? Answer by Kristenhidalgo Confidence votes 101Manifest Destiny The term manifest destiny means the belief or doctrine, held chiefly in the middle and latter part of the 19th century, that it was the destiny of the U. S. to expand its territory over the whole of North America and to extend and enhance its political, social, and economic influences. In short, it means the ideal that America would be the most powerful country in the world. It also means \"\"God given right.\"\" This was believed by many people, and the idea behind it was the right to expand the US nation and take land.33 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Define the term Manifest destiny? The term manifest destiny has been various moments throughout thehistory of nations. Manifest Destiny portraits the divine plan of acountries, nations, or even individual's pr …What did Manifest Destiny mean? It was the belief most Americans had at the time that they wanted to expand the country from the east coast to the west coast Dallas LM 297 Contributions What does the Manifest Destiny mean?it means i want it now."
},
{
"docid": "D495932#0",
"title": "http://www.dictionary.com/browse/manifest-destiny\nManifest Destiny",
"text": "\"Manifest Destiny Examples Word Origin See more synonyms on Thesaurus.comnoun1. the belief or doctrine, held chiefly in the middle and latter part of the 19th century, that it was the destiny of the U. S. to expand its territory over the whole of North America and to extend and enhance its political, social, and economic influences. Origin of Manifest Destiny Expand1835-1845First recorded in 1835-45Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2018. Cite This Source Examples from the Web for Manifest Destiny Expand Contemporary Examples Exploration used to be such a big part of American life: Manifest Destiny, landing on the moon. James Cameron Dives into the Ocean's Abyss Andrew Romano July 21, 2014As Eyman puts it, generations of Americans saw Wayne as the embodiment of “a sort of race memory of Manifest Destiny .”A New Biography Shows That ‘John Wayne’ Was His Own Best Creation Christopher Bray April 6, 2014At what point is Manifest Destiny fulfilled—and what are we supposed to do with ourselves then? American Dreams: ‘The Mosquito Coast’ by Paul Theroux Nathaniel Rich September 20, 2012Historical Examples The Western man believed in the Manifest Destiny of his country. The Frontier in American History Frederick Jackson Turner It at once became apparent to me as a piece of Manifest Destiny that I must do it. Memoirs Charles Godfrey Leland Manifest Destiny points the way in gestures that cannot be mistaken. The American Empire Scott Nearing\"\"I suppose it's the Manifest Destiny of a woman,\"\" replied her sister, quietly. A Black Adonis Linn Boyd Porter Manifest Destiny was misread by even the wisest of our grandfathers."
}
] |
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what did the inca build a system of
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[
{
"docid": "D243916#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca_road_system\nInca road system",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For the Frank Zappa song, see Inca Roads (song). Inca road system Extension of the Inca road system Route information Length 40,000 km (20,000 mi)Time period Pre-Columbian South America‹ The template Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site is being considered for merging . ›UNESCO World Heritage Site Official name Qhapaq Ñan, Andean Road System Criteria Cultural: ii, iii, iv, vi Reference 1459Inscription 2014 (38th Session)Area 11,406.95 ha Buffer zone 663,069.68 ha Inca Empire Inca society Education · Religion · Mythology Architecture · Engineering · Roads Army · Agriculture · Cuisine Inca history Kingdom of Cusco · Inca Empire ( Civil War · Spanish conquest)Neo-Inca Statev t e The Inca road system was the most extensive and advanced transportation system in pre-Columbian South America. It was about 39,900 kilometres (24,800 mi) long. [ 1]: 242 The construction of the roads required a large expenditure of time and effort. [ 2]: 634 The network was based on two north-south roads with numerous branches. [ 3] The best known portion of the road system is the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu. Part of the road network was built by cultures that precede the Inca Empire, notably the Wari culture. During the Spanish colonial era, parts of the road system were given the status of Camino Real. In 2014 the road system became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. ["
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1381722#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/77627372/maya-aztec-and-inca-flash-cards/\nMaya, Aztec, and Inca",
"text": "\"46 terms Kylee_Link Maya, Aztec, and Inca Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort When was the Maya Classic Age? 250-900 A. DWhat type of crops did the Maya grow? Corn, beans, and squash What caused the Maya population to grow? Trade with other city-states What year did the Maya begin to construct large cities? 200 A. DWhat is the Classic Age? The height of the Maya civilization Why were the Maya never considered an empire? They were unified by a single ruler What is the name of the famous Maya city? Palenque Who was the Maya king?"
},
{
"docid": "D3030614#0",
"title": "http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Machu_Picchu\nMachu Picchu",
"text": "\"Previous (Machine gun) Next (Mackerel)View of Machu Picchu Machu Picchu (Quechua language: Old Mountain; sometimes called the \"\"Lost City of the Incas\"\") is one of the most well known sites of the Inca Empire. The ruin, located high in the Andes Mountains, forgotten for centuries by the outside world, was brought to international attention by Yale University archaeologist Hiram Bingham, who rediscovered it in 1911. It is one of the most important archaeological centers in South America, and as a consequence, the most visited tourist attraction in Peru. Since 1983, the site has been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Contents [ hide ]1 The Rediscovery2 History3 Location4 Site Layout4.1 The Hanan Sector4.2 The Urin Sector/The Main Plaza5 Architecture and Engineering6 Tourism in Machu Picchu7 Notes8 References9 External links10 Credits Theories of its use vary. Bingham initially claimed it was a sanctuary for Sun Virgins; the famous Intihuatana (\"\"hitching post of the sun\"\") and elevated location led to ideas of astrological and spiritual purposes; others regard its natural beauty as suggesting it was used as a country retreat for Inca nobility. It was abandoned at the time of the Spanish invasion of Peru, although whether the Spaniards discovered it at that time is debatable. Regardless of its actual purpose, Machu Picchu remains an incredible combination of natural beauty and human creativity. The Rediscovery On July 24, 1911, Hiram Bingham III, an American archaeologist from Yale University, was searching for Vilcabamba, the last stronghold of the Inca during the Spanish conquest of Peru. While exploring the area around Cuzco, the ancient capital of the Inca, he came across some local farmers and was led to the ruins by their ten-year-old son."
},
{
"docid": "D1966627#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_argentine_nationality\nHistory of Argentine nationality",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from History of argentine nationality)navigation search Part of a series on the History of Argentina Pre-Columbian [show]Colonial Argentina [show]Independence [show]Civil Wars [show]Rise of Argentine Republic [show]Peronism [show]Post-WW II (1955 to 1976) [show]National Reorganization Process [show]Return to democracy [show]Argentina portalv t e Ideas and practices of nationality and citizenship in the Republic of Argentina (and before that, in the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata and the Inca Empire) have changed with distinct periods of its history, including but not limited to periods of indigenous, colonial, republican, and military rule. These periods, in which political rights were often denied to both citizens and non-citizens, encouraged the development of resistance movements. This history of resistance and fighting for political rights is deeply imbedded in the modern Argentine notion of citizenship. Contents [ hide ]1 Inca nationality1.1 Mita1.2 Other expressions of Inca presence2 Colonisation and the Viceroyalty2.1 Vecindad2.2 Naturaleza2.3 Casta system2.4 Immigration and the foreigner2.5 Early Buenos Aires2.6 The Indians2.7 Criollo versus Peninsular3 Independence and the new Republic3.1 Generation of 18303.2 Exclusion in the “New Country”3.3 Constitution of 18534 Immigration in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries4.1 Populating the Interior4.2 Immigration Law5 Perón and a new collective identity5.1 Enfranchisement and political participation5.2 Building the collective identity6 Guerra Sucia and Military Rule6.1 Social movements7 Present day7.1 Relevant sections of the Constitution7.2 Citizenship7.3 Documento Nacional de Identidad7.4 Elections8 See also9 Notes Inca nationality [ edit]The Inca Empire was a conglomeration of conquered ethnic groups - etnías - ruled by ethnic Inca from the Cuzco-Lake Titicaca Basin in what is now central Peru. They called their empire Tiwantinsuyu, meaning \"\"four corners.\"\" Modern northern and western Argentina was a part of Kollasuyu. [ 1] The Inca elite imposed their own institutions on conquered territories, while at the same time incorporating local customs on a case-by-case basis. Because the Argentine portion of Kollasuyu was on the edge of the empire the communities there had even more local autonomy than elsewhere in the empire, but were still subject to Inca protection and duties through the mita system of reciprocity. At the same time, Inca statebuilding was based on the threat of violence. [ 2] This interplay of threat and promise, combined with the ethnic diversity of the conquered groups, created an Inca citizenship that was not ethnic but territorial and administrative, and based on a reciprocal relationship of rights and duties."
},
{
"docid": "D2221711#0",
"title": "https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/102999/how-can-an-absolute-ruler-in-a-large-country-keep-their-regional-governors-polit\nHow can an absolute ruler in a large country keep their regional governors/politicians in check?",
"text": "\"_Worldbuilding Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for writers/artists using science, geography and culture to construct imaginary worlds and settings. Join them; it only takes a minute: Sign up Here's how it works: Anybody can ask a question Anybody can answer The best answers are voted up and rise to the top How can an absolute ruler in a large country keep their regional governors/politicians in check?up vote18down votefavorite6I have an alternative-history setting (technology comparable to ~1900), where the country is comparable to modern day Turkey in size (i.e. large), geography (i.e. fertile coastlands, arid heartland), number of inhabitants and city locations. The country is ruled by an emperor with absolute power who resides in the capital in the country's inland (compare to Ankara), but as it is really large it is divided into provinces with local administration. Governors are appointed by the emperor, but on a local structure, some democratic elements exist, such as councils elected by rich/influential citizens. Challenge for the emperor: Cities/provinces at the coast are by far more wealthy and generally better off economically than the capital and the rural provinces, as they have access to the sea, ports... How could the absolute ruler prevent the local governors/province rulers from becoming too powerful and challenge the emperor's power or deciding they'd be better off independently? In this setting, the dimensions of the country would also make it difficult to move troops quickly or to have them spread out to many places at once.economy politics governmentshare improve this questionedited Jan 24 at 22:20Gryphon2,013 14 40asked Jan 23 at 18:49lu_siyah135 1 83Reminder to close-voters: The problem cannot fixed if the OP is not made aware of it. – Frostfyre Jan 23 at 21:599With great difficulty. See: Roman Empire. – Mark Jan 23 at 22:33Read about Stalin. Death on a whim for no reason and a powerful ruthless secret police to do so widely."
},
{
"docid": "D1691786#0",
"title": "http://www.mythicjourneys.org/bigmyth/myths/english/eng_inca_culture.htm\n.",
"text": "\"The Inca empire developed between 1400 and 1500 AD in an area which is now Peru. Before the 15th century the Andean region was populated by many different tribes of people. Under the military leadership of Pachacuti and his son Topa Inca, who were Incaemperors between 1438 and 1493, the Inca state expanded into a great empire. From a geographic point of view, the Inca empire was not a very attractive place to live. The north-western border is the coastal region of the Pacific Ocean, which is the driest desert on earth. Not a drop of rain has fallen there in over 500 years. The towering Andes Mountains begin east of the desert, with steep slopes that make agriculture a serious challenge. The Inca solved that problem by creating terraces and filling them with fertile earth brought up from the mountain valleys. To the east of the Andes, lay the vast and humid jungle of the Amazon River Basin, inhabited by fierce tribes whom the Inca never managed to conquer. HISTORY The Inca empire and culture was largely destroyed by the Spanish in the most brutal conquest seen on the American continent."
},
{
"docid": "D461720#0",
"title": "http://www.localhistories.org/inca.html\nThe Inca Empire",
"text": "The Inca Empire The Incas ruled a great empire in South America - but only for a short time. At its peak the Incas Empire lasted less than a century before it was destroyed by the Spaniards. In about 1300 the Incas founded their capital city of Cuzco. They were only a small tribe but they came to rule a vast empire including most of Peru and parts of Chile, Ecuador, Bolivia and northwest Argentina. The expansion began in 1438 under their ruler Pachakuti and continued under his successors. Inca Life Inca Society At the top of Inca society was the emperor, the Sapa Inca. ( His title means unique Inca). The Incas believed their ruler was descended from the sun god and he was treated with great respect. Visitors had to remove their footwear if they approached the Sapa Inca and they had to carry a burden on their back to show their respect for him. When he traveled the Sapa Inca was carried in a litter."
},
{
"docid": "D2845235#0",
"title": "http://www.timetoast.com/timelines/history-of-the-incas--2\nHistory of the Incas",
"text": "History of the Incas Timeline created by charlbomb In History400Inca Tribe First Mention Via Myths and Legends in Peru The Inca emperors are broken up into two groups - the Lords of Cuzco and the Emperors of the Four Quarters. Because the Incas never developed a system of writing, there is no written proof that any of the Lords of Cuzco ever existed, although some may have. The second group, the emperors of the Four Quarters, did exist. May 28, 1200Manco Capac Begins Inca Empire Four brothers, Manco Capac, Ayar Anca, Ayar Cachi, and Ayar Uchu, and their four sisters, Mama Ocllo, Mama Huaco, Mama Cura (or Ipacura), and Mama Raua, lived at Paccari-Tampu [tavern of the dawn], several miles distant from Cuzco. They gathered together the tribes of their locality, marched on the Cuzco Valley, and conquered the tribes living there. Manco Capac had by his sister-wife, Mama Ocllo, a son called Sinchi Roca (or Cinchi Roca). Thus the foundation for an empire was laid. Aug 7, 1226City of Cusco is Formed Manco Capac is the first ruler. The capital city of Cusco was the heart of the empire. It was situated about 11,000 feet above sea level high in the Andes Mountains."
},
{
"docid": "D1381726#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca_civilization\nHistory of the Incas",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Inca civilization)navigation search This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( December 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Inca Empire Inca society Education · Religion · Mythology Architecture · Engineering · Roads Army · Agriculture · Cuisine Inca history Kingdom of Cusco · Inca Empire ( Civil War · Spanish conquest)Neo-Inca Statev t e. The Inca state was known as the Kingdom of Cusco before 1438. Over the course of the Inca Empire, the Inca used conquest and peaceful assimilation to incorporate in their empire a large portion of western , centred on the Andean mountain ranges. However, shortly after the Inca Civil War, the last Sapa Inca (emperor) of the Inca Empire was captured and killed on the orders of the conquistador Francisco Pizarro, marking the beginning of Spanish rule. The remnants of the empire retreated to the remote jungles of Vilcabamba and were not established the small Neon-Inca State, which was conquered by the Spanish in 1572. The Quechua name was Tawantin Suyu which can be translated The Four Regions or The Four United Regions. Before the Quechua spelling reform it was written in Spanish as Tahuantinsuyo. Tawantin is a group of four things ( tawa \"\"four\"\" with the suffix -ntin which names a group); suyu means \"\"region\"\" or \"\"province\"\"."
},
{
"docid": "D1833499#0",
"title": "http://www.rediscovermachupicchu.com/mp-construction.htm\nThe Construction of Machu Picchu",
"text": "\"The Construction of Machu Picchu Location: Rediscover Machu Picchu > Machu Picchu > The Construction of Machu Picchu-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------How Did the Incas Build Machu Picchu? Machu Picchu: niches in the walls were used during religious rituals There are more questions than responses to how the spectacular Inca city was constructed. In this article we are taking a look at the possible problems that the Incas had to overcome, the construction skills that they had... and we are also going to look at some theories... The Strategic Location and the Purpose of Construction The city is situated 2.450 m (8.038 ft) above sea level in the Peruvian Andes. In an area known as the Vilcabamba, once densely covered in forests and full of poisonous snakes. The Inca Ruler Pachacuti was the one behind the construction of Machu Picchu. In the mid 1400s the city must have been standing already on the mountain called today \"\"Old Peak\"\" - literally translated from the original Quechuan name of Machu Picchu. Yes, it is the peak's name, not the city's. The Incas could observe what is going on below in the Urubamba Valley below where the river with the same name runs around the mountain. The strategic location adds to the protection of the city: the Incas could observe potential enemy forces moving below in the valley, but those below could not see that there is a city on top!The city of Machu Picchu is most often referred to as \"\"citadel\"\"... this makes us think of a fortress, which Machu Picchu is not. It wasn't built for military scopes, but it does have a very well defendable location."
},
{
"docid": "D1467224#0",
"title": "http://knowledgenuts.com/2013/10/22/the-difference-between-the-aztec-maya-inca-and-olmec/\nThe Difference Between The Aztec, Maya, Inca, And Olmec",
"text": "\"The Difference Between The Aztec, Maya, Inca, And Olmecby M. Admin | Oct 22, 2013Share +1 Tweet Stumble Pin Share3K“It will happen — a seeing [. . .] It is the display of B’olon-Yokte’ in a great investiture.” — Mayan prophetic inscription, Monument 6In A Nutshell The Olmec, Mayan, Incan, and Aztec civilizations are some of the greatest ancient civilizations in history, and yet we know very little about them compared to other parts of the world. The Olmecs are frequently forgotten entirely, and the rest are often lumped together or confused, but they were all completely distinct. In short, the Maya came first, and settled in modern-day Mexico. Next came the Olmecs, who also settled Mexico. They didn’t build any major cities, but they were widespread and prosperous. They were followed by the Inca in modern-day Peru, and finally the Aztecs, also in modern-day Mexico. The Whole Bushel The Maya were the first Mesoamerican civilization, starting around 2600 B. C. They lasted the longest of all and are often viewed as the greatest Mesoamerican civilization. They built most of their great cities between A. D. 250 and A. D. 900."
},
{
"docid": "D1242569#0",
"title": "http://www.realhistoryww.com/world_history/ancient/Misc/Americas/Aztec_history.htm\nThe Aztec",
"text": "\"This is a specific subject page, dealing exclusively with, or primarily with, the subject in the title. Because of need, there are many such pages at RHWW: usually, but not always, linked to primary pages. For those in a hurry, they enable a quick summary of many important subjects. The menu for these pages is here: Click>>>The Aztec The Aztec Physical Appearance Here is a sixteenth-century Spanish description: The people of this land are well made, rather tall than short. They are swarthy as leopards (see below), of good manners and gestures, for the greater part very skillful, robust, and tireless, and at the same time the most moderate men known. They are very warlike and face death with the greatest resolution. Both leopards and jaguars are not usually dark (swarthy), the writer must therefore be referring to those that are melanistic (completely black or very dark), they are known as black panthers. Aztec Character Alonso de Zorita wrote of the Mexicans: these people are by nature very long-suffering, and nothing will excite or anger them. They are very obedient and teachable. The more noble they are, the more humility they display."
},
{
"docid": "D1932740#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_were_the_inca_known_for\nWhat were the Inca known for?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of South America Incas What were the Inca known for? Flag What were the Inca known for? Answer by Silviaserrano Confidence votes 186The Incas were known for building impressive roads.3 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Lindalee Stuckey 293,624 Contributions Weeds are the bane of my existence! I have a Star Trek garden with 21 Star Trek named daylilies and many plants to attract butterflies. Why is so little known about the early history of the Incas? Since the Incas never developed a system of writing, we must relyon the writing of their Spanish conquerors. What is Incas? A people that lived in South America from 200 before Christ to 1500 after Christ. Emily Elston 1 Contribution Where were the Incas from?they live some where in south america."
},
{
"docid": "D1904899#0",
"title": "http://testprepreview.com/modules/readingmainidea.htm\nReading Main Idea Practice Questions",
"text": "\"Reading Main Idea Practice Questions Read the passage below and answer question 1. Americans have always been interested in their Presidents' wives. Many First Ladies have been remembered because of the ways they have influenced their husbands. Other First Ladies have made the history books on their own. At least two First Ladies, Bess Truman and Lady Bird Johnson, made it their business to send signals during their husbands' speeches. When Lady Bird Johnson thought her husband was talking too long, she wrote a note and sent it up to the platform. It read, \"\"It's time to stop!\"\" And he did. Once Bess Truman didn't like what her husband was saying on television, so she phoned him and said, \"\"If you can't talk more politely than that in public, you come right home. \"\" Abigail Fillmore and Eliza Johnson actually taught their husbands, Millard Fillmore and Andrew Johnson, the thirteenth and seventeenth Presidents."
},
{
"docid": "D3129491#0",
"title": "http://www.discover-peru.org/achievements-of-the-incas/\nAchievements of the Incas",
"text": "Home » Inca Civilization Achievements of the Incas Submitted by Staff writer |. System of roads and bridges Inca zig zag road The Incas were magnificent engineers. They built a system of roads and bridges across the roughest terrains of the Andes. Through their system of collective labor and the most advanced centralized economy, the Incas were able to secure unlimited manual labor. They built more than 14,000 miles of paved road that connected Cusco, the capital, to all corners of the empire. Bridges were built everywhere in the empire. Their suspension bridges were built using natural fibers. Indigenous people still use the same technique in remote areas in the Andes. Communication was very important to maintain Inca policy. Considering that the Incas did not know the use of the wheel and that their only transportation was llamas or alpacas, it is astonishing that they were able to control such large territory and maintain peace until they were invaded by the Spanish conquistadors. Read more =>Centralized Economy The Ayllu was the center of economic activity."
},
{
"docid": "D3365805#0",
"title": "http://mrgrayhistory.wikispaces.com/UNIT+9+-+AZTECS+%26+INCAS\nUNIT 9 - AZTECS & INCAS",
"text": "UNIT 9 - AZTECS & INCASEdit 0 9 …0 Tags No tags Notify RSSBacklinks Source Print Export (PDF)For more information go to mrgrayhistory.com UNIT 9 - THE AZTEC & INCA EMPIRES01 - ORIGINS OF THE AZTEC EMPIRE02 - TENOCHTITLAN03 - CONQUEST OF THE AZTEC EMPIRE04 - AZTEC SOCIETY05 - AZTEC RELIGION06 - AZTEC CULTURE07 - ORIGINS OF THE INCA EMPIRE08 - INCA GOVERNMENT09 - INCA ECONOMY10 - CONQUEST OF THE INCA EMPIRE11 - INCA SOCIETY12 - INCA RELIGION13 - INCA CULTURE14 - AUDIO RESOURCES15 - FULL YOUTUBE VIDEOS01 - ORIGINS OF THE AZTEC EMPIREThe first Aztecs were farmers from northern Mexico. Around the 1100s they migrated south. When they arrived in central Mexico, they found that other tribes had taken all the good farmland. All that was left for the Aztecs was a swampy island in the middle of Lake Texcoco (tays-KOH-koh). To survive, the Aztecs hired themselves out as skilled fighters. The Aztecs also controlled a huge trade network. Most towns in the empire had a market where local farmers and artisans brought their goods to trade. One enormous market near the capital drew buyers and sellers from all over the Aztec Empire. Merchants carried luxury goods such as gems and rare foods to sell there. Because these merchants dealt with people in many parts of the empire, the emperors used them as spies."
},
{
"docid": "D1403475#0",
"title": "https://www.thoughtco.com/cuzco-peru-heart-of-inca-empire-170552\nCuzco, Peru: The Religious and Political Heart of the Inca Empire",
"text": "\"Science, Tech, Math ›Social Sciences Cuzco, Peru: The Religious and Political Heart of the Inca Empire What Was Cuzco's Role in the Ancient Inca Empire of South America? Share Flipboard Email Print Qoricancha Temple and the Church of Santa Domingo in Cusco Peru. Ed Nellisby K. Kris Hirst Updated March 08, 2017Cuzco, Peru (and alternatively spelled Cozco, Cusco, Qusqu or Qosqo) was the political and religious capital of the vast empire of the Incas of South America. \"\" Cuzco\"\" is the most common spelling, and it is the Spanish transliteration of what the natives called their city: at the time of the conquest in the 16th century, the Inca had no written language as we'd recognize it today. But! read about the Inca's string language Quipu Cuzco is located at the northern end of a large and agriculturally rich valley, high in the Andes Mountains of Peru at an elevation of 3,395 meters (11,100 feet) above sea level. It was the center of the Inca Empire and the dynastic seat of all 13 of the Incan rulers. The marvelous stonework still visible in the modern city today was primarily built when the 9th Inca, Pachacuti [ruled AD 1438-1471, gained the throne. Pachucuti ordered that the entire city be rebuilt: his stonemasons and their successors are credited with inventing the \"\" Inca style of masonry \"\", for which Cuzco is justly famous. Cuzco's Role in the Empire Cuzco represented the geographical and spiritual center of the Inca empire."
},
{
"docid": "D388176#0",
"title": "http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/26/travel/in-peru-machu-picchu-and-its-sibling-incan-ruins-along-the-way.html\nThe Hidden Route to Machu Picchu",
"text": "Travel The Hidden Route to Machu Picchu By MARK ADAMS JUNE 24, 2011Machu Picchu was first seen by an American 100 years ago. Close to a million visitors are expected to visit this year. Piotr Redlinski for The New York Times AS we neared the end of a very long climb up a very steep ridge, my guide, John Leivers, shouted at me over his shoulder. “ It’s said that the Spaniards never found Machu Picchu, but I disagree,” he said. I caught up to him — for what seemed like the 20th time that day — and he pointed his bamboo trekking pole at the strangely familiar-looking set of ruins ahead. “ It’s this place they never found. ”He was pointing to Choquequirao, an Incan citadel high in the Peruvian Andes that so closely resembles Machu Picchu that it’s often touted as the sister site of South America’s most famous ruins. Both are believed to have been built in the 15th century and consist of imposing stone buildings arranged around a central plaza, situated among steep mountain ridges that overlook twisting whitewater rivers, with views of skyscraping peaks — known as apus, or mountain deities, to both the Incas and their Quechua-speaking Andean descendants — in several directions. Both are almost indescribably beautiful. But there’s no question about which sibling is more popular."
},
{
"docid": "D2543365#0",
"title": "http://what-when-how.com/western-colonialism/peru-under-spanish-rule-western-colonialism/\nPERU UNDER SPANISH RULE (Western Colonialism)",
"text": "PERU UNDER SPANISH RULE (Western Colonialism)Spanish rule in Peru was consolidated in 1533 with the execution of Atahualpa, the reigning Inca monarch, and the conquistadors’ military occupation of the Inca capital of Cuzco. And in that same year Spanish rule was solidified by the installation of Manco Inca Capac, a nephew of Atahualpa, as a puppet king in alliance with the Spaniards. The leader of the conquistadors, Francisco Pizarro (ca. 1475-1541), established a Spanish municipal government in Cuzco in 1534 that was modeled on Spanish cities. But in order to further establish Spanish hegemony, Pizarro moved the capital in 1535 to the newly established Spanish city of Lima on the Pacific coast, where there had been no prior Inca city. Other Spaniards established municipalities at key points throughout the interior in order to facilitate trade and communication with other Spanish territories. These towns and cities became the building blocks of colonization in Peru, from which the Spanish implemented a policy of ”pacification and colonization” (pacificacion y poblacion) that enabled Spanish military rule in the Andean regions, underpinned by a steady influx of Spaniards in search of land, wealth, and new opportunities. The new city of Lima would become the capital of the viceroyalty of Peru and, when the discovery of Peruvian silver stimulated the development of a rich commerce with Europe, the largest and most important trading center in South America. Internal rivalries amongst Pizarro and his associates, however, would lead to civil wars among the Spaniards—and finally to the assassination of Pizarro in 1541. Hence, the rapid collapse of the Inca kingdom did not ensure the immediate stability of Spanish rule in Peru."
},
{
"docid": "D420290#0",
"title": "http://www.livescience.com/41346-the-incas-history-of-andean-empire.html\nThe Incas: History of Andean Empire",
"text": "Live Science History Reference: The Incas: History of Andean Empire By Owen Jarus, Live Science Contributor | November 19, 2013 05:47pm ETMOREVillagers in Cuzco, Peru, dressed in colorful shawls, or chompas, mingle with city-folk and tourists during a festival.. Credit: Jesse Lewis The Inca Empire was a vast empire that flourished in the Andean region of South America from the early 15th century A. D. up until its conquest by the Spanish in the 1530s. Even after the conquest, Inca leaders continued to resist the Spaniards up until 1572 when its last city, Vilcabamba, was captured. The Incas built their empire without the wheel, powerful draft animals, iron working, currency or even what we would consider to be a writing system. One of the Inca civilization's most famous surviving archaeological sites is Machu Picchu, which was built as a retreat for an Incan emperor. The Incas called their empire Tawantinsuyu, the “Land of the Four Corners,” and its official language was Quechua. The empire was divided up into four “suyu,” which intersected at the capital, Cuzco. These suyu in turn were divided into provinces. By the time of the Spanish conquest, much of the Inca Empire was made up of numerous non-Inca groups. The empire reached its peak after the conquests of Emperor Huayna Capac, who reigned from 1493 until around 1527, when he apparently died of smallpox. At its peak, the empire extended from “the border of Ecuador and Colombia down to about 50 miles [80 kilometers] south of modern Santiago, Chile,” said Terence D'Altroy of Columbia University, in a 2007 PBS Nova interview. “"
},
{
"docid": "D1852117#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca_society\nInca society",
"text": "\" [ hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages)This article needs additional citations for verification. ( April 2008)This article contains weasel words: vague phrasing that often accompanies biased or unverifiable information. ( February 2010)Inca Empire Inca society Education · Religion · Mythology Architecture · Engineering · Roads Army · Agriculture · Cuisine Inca history Kingdom of Cusco · Inca Empire ( Civil War · Spanish conquest)Neo-Inca Statev t e The Inca society was the society of the Inca civilization in South America. The Inca Empire, which was centred in what is now called Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador and southern Colombia and lasted from 1438 to 1533 AD, represented the height of this civilization. The Inca state was known as the Kingdom of Cusco before 1438. Over the course of the Inca Empire, the rulers used conquest and peaceful assimilation to incorporate in their empire a large portion of western South America, centred on the Andean mountain ranges. The empire proved relatively short-lived however: by 1533, Atahualpa, the last Sapa Inca (emperor) of the Inca Empire, was killed on the orders of the conquistador Francisco Pizarro, marking the beginning of Spanish rule. The last Inca stronghold, the Neo-Inca State in Vilcabamba was conquered by the Spanish in 1572."
}
] |
620123
|
what did the incorporation of standard oil do
|
[
{
"docid": "D539470#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Oil\nStandard Oil",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about an oil company that was dissolved in 1911. For successor companies with similar names, see Standard Oil (disambiguation). Standard Oil Co. Inc. Former type Cleveland, Ohio Corporation (1870; Name still active as a trademark of BP)Business trust (1882–1892)New Jersey Holding Company (1899–1911) [1]Industry Oil and gas Successor 34 successor entities Founded 1870Defunct The original Standard Oil Company corporate entity continues in existence and was the operating entity for Sohio; the Standard Oil Company was transformed into entities such as ESSO (phonetic spelling of SO), now Exxon; and SOcal, now Chevron [2]Headquarters Cleveland, Ohio (1870–1885)New York City, New York (1885–1911) [3]Key people John D. Rockefeller, Founder & Chairman Stephen V. Harkness, initial investor Henry M. Flagler, Senior Executive John H. Swearingen, President John D. Archbold, Vice President William Rockefeller, Senior Executive & New York Representative Samuel Andrews, Chemist & First Chief of Refining Operations Charles Pratt, Senior Executive Henry H. Rogers, Senior Executive Oliver H. Payne, Senior Executive Daniel O'Day, Senior Executive Jabez A. Bostwick, Senior Executive & First Treasurer William G. Warden, [4] Senior Executive Jacob Vandergrift, [5] Senior Executive Products Fuel, lubricant, petrochemicals Number of employees 60,000 (1909) [6]Standard Oil Co. Inc. was an American oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing company. Established in 1870 by John D. Rockefeller and Henry Flagler as a corporation in Ohio, it was the largest oil refinery in the world of its time. [ 7] Its controversial history as one of the world's first and largest multinational corporations ended in 1911, when the United States Supreme Court ruled that Standard Oil was an illegal monopoly. Standard Oil dominated the oil products market initially through horizontal integration in the refining sector, then, in later years vertical integration; the company was an innovator in the development of the business trust. The Standard Oil trust streamlined production and logistics, lowered costs, and undercut competitors. \"\" Trust-busting \"\" critics accused Standard Oil of using aggressive pricing to destroy competitors and form a monopoly that threatened other businesses. John D. Rockefeller was a founder, chairman and a major shareholder. With the dissolution of the Standard Oil trust into 34 smaller companies, Rockefeller became the richest man in the world, as the initial income of these individual enterprises proved to be much bigger than that of a single larger company."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1930411#0",
"title": "http://www.snopes.com/medical/toxins/canola.asp\nOil of Olé",
"text": "\"Oil of Olé Is ordinary use of Canola oil dangerous to consumers?302Claim: Ordinary use of Canola oil is dangerous to consumers. FALSEExample: [Collected via e-mail, 2001]Before you buy your next bottle of cooking oil . . . I think it’s important that as many people as possible KNOW about the origins of this product. Then, if you choose to buy it, at least you’re doing so with your eyes open. RAPE IN A DIFFERENT GUISEDear Editors Recently I bought a cooking oil that’s new to our supermarkets, Canola Oil. I tried it because the label assured me it was lowest in “bad” fats. However, when I had used half the bottle, I concluded that the label told me surprisingly little else and I started to wonder: where does canola oil come from? Olive oil comes from olives, peanut oil from peanuts, sunflower oil from sunflowers; but what is a canola? There was nothing on the label to enlighten me, which I thought odd. So, I did some investigating on the Internet."
},
{
"docid": "D800956#0",
"title": "http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=132\nWhat's New and Beneficial about Extra Virgin Olive Oil",
"text": "\"What's New and Beneficial about Extra Virgin Olive Oil Lowering your risk of cardiovascular problems is an area upon which several recent studies on extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) have focused. Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for many types of cardiovascular disease, and EVOO has well-documented anti-inflammatory properties. These properties of EVOO are closely linked to its phenols and polyphenols—especially tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, and oleuropein. Cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory benefits have been demonstrated in some studies with EVOO consumption as low as one tablespoon per day. However, as the number of tablespoons increases between one and four tablespoons, the anti-inflammatory benefits have also been found to increase in several studies. Our World's Healthiest Foods Meal Plan includes a variety of delicious and easy-to-follow recipes that incorporate health-supportive amounts of EVOO. In fact, you will find our World's Healthiest Foods Meal Plan providing you with an average intake of more than 2 tablespoons per day - all within the structure of a balanced meal plan and less than 1900 calories per day. We might not ordinarily think about a plant oil like EVOO as helping to improve problems with insulin secretion and blood sugar levels. But a recent study suggests that EVOO may be able to provide exactly that kind of help. Participants in the study had all been previously diagnosed with a condition called impaired fasting glucose (IFG)."
},
{
"docid": "D181104#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/How-often-do-you-really-need-to-change-the-oil-in-your-car\nHow often do you really need to change the oil in your car?",
"text": "\"Auto Repair Car Maintenance Cars and Automobiles How often do you really need to change the oil in your car?25 Answers Mark Rogowsky, Forbes technology, raconteur, @maxrogo Answered May 2, 2014 · Upvoted by Kai Herrmann, Professional ex auto mechanic · Author has 835 answers and 3.1m answer views Originally Answered: How often should you change the oil in a new camry? Rarely. Every 5,000-10,000 miles, barring extreme use scenarios. Modern cars are really good about keeping oil clean and even Jiffy Lube has stopped with nonsensical recommendations to change your oil every 3,000 miles, which is an eco-disaster that serves no purpose. Most current vehicles will actually tell you it's time to get an oil change via an oil-life indicator or maintenance light. This works by measuring average speed, engine revs, etc. and determines the oil's \"\"age\"\" on an adjusted basis this way. Typically, if you have such an indicator, your car will run somewhere around 7,500 miles between oil changes. Short commutes, lots of traffic, etc. will typically make more frequent changes necessary."
},
{
"docid": "D1362060#0",
"title": "http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/Y2809E/y2809e0f.htm\nChapter 9. Vitamin E",
"text": "Chapter 9. Vitamin ESummary of the role of vitamin E in human metabolic processes Defining populations at risk of vitamin E deficiency Delineation of dietary sources and possible limitations to its availability worldwide Summary of evidence for determining recommended nutrient intakes Future research References Summary of the role of vitamin E in human metabolic processes A large body of scientific evidence indicates that reactive free radicals are involved in many diseases, including heart disease and cancers ( 1 ). Cells contain many potentially oxidizable substrates such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), proteins, and DNA. Therefore, a complex antioxidant defence system normally protects cells from the injurious effects of endogenously produced free radicals as well as from species of exogenous origin such as cigarette smoke and pollutants. Should our exposure to free radicals exceed the protective capacity of the antioxidant defence system, a phenomenon often referred to as oxidative stress ( 2 ), then damage to biologic molecules may occur. There is considerable evidence that disease causes an increase in oxidative stress; therefore, consumption of foods rich in antioxidants, which are potentially able to quench or neutralise excess radicals, may play an important role in modifying the development of such diseases. Vitamin E is the major lipid-soluble antioxidant in the cell antioxidant defence system and is exclusively obtained from the diet. The term “vitamin E” refers to a family of eight naturally occurring homologues that are synthesised by plants from homogentisic acid. All are derivatives of 6-chromanol and differ in the number and position of methyl groups on the ring structure. The four tocopherol homologues ( d- a-, d- b-, d- g-, and d- d-) have a saturated 16-carbon phytyl side chain, whereas the tocotrienols homologues ( d- a-, d- b-, d- g-, and d- d-) have three double bonds on the side chain."
},
{
"docid": "D1663476#0",
"title": "http://datasheets.globalspec.com/ds/3456/HallStar\nHallStar Datasheets for Chemical Additives and Agents",
"text": "\"Hall Star Datasheets for Chemical Additives and Agents Chemical additives and agents include a wide range of materials added to polymer resins, paints and coatings, or adhesives to modify specific processing or end-use properties. Chemical Additives and Agents: Learn more Product Name Notes CALCIUM HYDROXIDE -- CALCIUM HYDROXIDE HP-XL CALCIUM HYDROXIDE HP-XL is alkali that is used in many industrial applications. In rubber compounds, CALCIUM HYDROXIDE HP-XL serves as an accelerator because of its high calcium hydroxide content and... PROCESS AID, DRY -- D-148® DRYD-148 DRY is the same internal lubricant, pigment dispersant, processing aid as D-148 WET, just in a different form. D-148 Dry and D-148 Wet act as an internal lubricant in... PROCESS AID WET -- D-148® WETD-148 WET is a different form of the same internal lubricant, pigment dispersant, processing aid as D-148 DRY. D-148 Dry and D-148 Wet act as an internal lubricant in extrusion... DIALLYL PHTHALATE, DRY -- SUPRMIX® DAP Diallyl Phthalte can be described as polymerizable plasticizer in that it functions as a typical phthalate plasticizer in the uncured states of the compound (such as during mixing and extruding). HOSE,MANDRELL,MOLD OR PREFORM ANTI-TACK -- GLYSO-LUBE® GLYSO-LUBE is a fatty acid soap solution. It is designed to provide a transparent anti-stick coating to a wide range of elastomers. GLYSO-LUBE is used to coat pre-forms, as a... ACID ACCEPTOR -- HALLCO® CAOP Hallco® CAOP is based on high purity calcium hydroxide and 20% Plasthall® DOP. Wetting out the powdery, fluffy calcium hydroxide with dioctyl phthalate does several functions. First, housekeeping problems associated... POLYESTER POLYOL -- HALLCO-PLEX® 601-230 HALLCO-PLEX 601-230 is a 230 hydroxyl value all aliphatic polyester coatings resin specifically designed for two component curing systems."
},
{
"docid": "D3325095#0",
"title": "http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sociopolitica/sociopol_rockefeller03.htm\n.",
"text": "\"by Alex Christopher1993extracted from 'Pandora's Box The Ultimate \"\"Unseen Hand\"\" Behind the New World Order'Everyone has for many years been lead to believe that the Rockefellers were the people that owned and founded the Standard Oil Company and that the Rockefellers were the owners of banks and vast fortunes even from the mid-eighteen hundreds. The Rockefellers really were part of an elite group of men that became the front men for one family that really owned the wealth of this country. Because of the vastness of this empire the family had to have key people to head up the large corporation. They were put in controlling position of these companies and were made to look like they were the owners when in reality they were only the ‘TRUSTEES’, of these companies. John D. Rockefeller, a Trustee for what is now known as Exxon Corporation (formerly Standard Oil of New Jersey), first became interested in oil in 1863 when he was sent to Pennsylvania by a group of Cleveland. Ohio businessmen to investigate oil operations. At that time he was not impressed with, the producing end of the business, but he did see a future for the refining and marketing side. And on this premise he and his associates developed their holdings until Standard Oil Company was incorporated in 1877. These people were convinced that small local firms could be bought out because then they could not survive in the highly competitive oil business. Small businesses were bought out and they all became part of the huge Standard Oil Trust in 1882."
},
{
"docid": "D530759#0",
"title": "http://www.allworkoutroutines.com/shakeology-review-ingredients-and-recipes\nShakeology Review, Ingredients and Recipes",
"text": "Shakeology Review, Ingredients and Recipes Table of Contents [ show]With the health industry continuing to boom and increase in popularity, it is safe to say that there are an abundance of choices when it comes to diet programs and products available. The difficulty comes in choosing the one that best suits your specific needs. One of the more popular options is a meal replacement shake. A meal replacement shake makes it easy to incorporate a healthy meal into your day, regardless of your lifestyle and activity level. Meal replacement shakes can be made in the morning and taken with you wherever the day may take you. You can take a meal replacement to work, pack it in your lunch for a day at the beach or take pre-made shakes on vacation to have healthy options on hand. Once again, though, the difficulty lies in which replacement shake to choose from. There are countless ones being touted as the number one choice to help you reach your nutrition or weight loss goals. One of the most popular ones and the one that will be reviewed in depth below is the Beachbody Shakeology meal replacement shake program. What is Shakeology?"
},
{
"docid": "D470371#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_East_Coast\nFlorida East Coast Railway",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Florida East Coast)navigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( July 2010) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Florida East Coast Railway FEC route map Reporting mark FECLocale Florida Dates of operation 1885–present Track gauge 4 ft 8 1⁄ 2in ( 1,435 mm) standard gauge Headquarters Jacksonville, Florida Website www .fecrwy .com The Florida East Coast Railway ( reporting mark FEC) is a Class II railroad operating in the U. S. state of Florida. The FEC was historically a Class I railroad owned by Florida East Coast Industries (FECI) from 2000-2006, FOXX Holdings from 1983-2000, and the St. Joseph Paper Company prior to 1983. Built primarily in the last quarter of the 19th century and the first decade of the 20th century, the FEC was a project of Standard Oil principal Henry Morrison Flagler. Flagler originally visited Florida to aid with the health issues faced by his first wife, Mary. A key strategist who worked closely with John D. Rockefeller building the Standard Oil Trust, Henry Flagler noted both a lack of services and great potential during his stay at St. Augustine. He subsequently began what amounted to his second career developing resorts, industries, and communities all along Florida's shores abutting the Atlantic Ocean. The FEC is possibly best known for building the railroad to Key West, completed in 1912."
},
{
"docid": "D1358440#0",
"title": "http://dieselnet.com/tech/diesel_fi_pro.php\nElectronic Fuel Injection Systems for Heavy-Duty Engines",
"text": "\"Diesel Net Technology Guide Diesel Net.com. Copyright © Ecopoint Inc. Revision 2010.01c Electronic Fuel Injection Systems for Heavy-Duty Engines Hannu Jääskeläinen, Magdi K. Khair Abstract: A number of heavy-duty diesel engine manufacturers have developed their own electronic fuel injection systems. Examples include the Hydraulic Electronic Unit Injector (HEUI) and the Mechanically actuated Electronically Controlled (MEUI) systems by Caterpillar, and a number of systems by Cummins such as the Accumulator Pump System (CAPS), Quantum CELECT, HPI, and XPI injection systems. Introduction Cummins Injection Systems Overview Cummins PT Injection System Bendix/Cummins CELECT Unit Injector System Cummins Accumulator Pump System Cummins HPI Fuel Injection System Cummins/Scania XPI Fuel Injection System Caterpillar Injection Systems Overview Caterpillar HEUI-A Injection System Caterpillar HEUI-B Injection System Navistar/Sturman/Siemens G2Caterpillar MEUI-A Injection System Caterpillar MEUI-B/MEUI-C Injection Systems Introduction With increased demand to lower emissions from diesel engines, the flexibility and improved performance offered by electronic control was an important driver for many engine manufacturers to introduce electronically controlled fuel injection systems in the late 1980s and early 1990s. An important tool for lowering emissions from diesel engines produced during this period was fuel injection timing that could be varied over the speed and load range of the engine. While injection timing could be varied with a purely mechanical approach, electronic control offered a much more flexible and a potentially simpler way to achieve this while also providing the option of introducing a number of other desirable features. Some of the first electronically controlled fuel injection systems in heavy-duty engines appeared in the Detroit Diesel Series 92 in 1985 and the Series 60 in 1987 [2151]. Caterpillar applied it to the 3176 in 1988 [2043]. The unit injectors used in these engines lent themselves well to early adoption of solenoid actuated electronic fuel injectors. Solenoid actuator designs of that period were still relatively large and bulky and a unit injector for a heavy-duty engine provided ample room for it. It took several years for manufacturers to refine the actuator design to make it compact enough to use in common rail systems for light-duty applications [2187] and to produce a heavy-duty unit injector, Delphi’s E1 in 2000, which replaced the bulky side mounted actuator with a more compact design that could be integrated into the injector body. Manufacturer’s quickly learned that electronic control offered not only the ability to control injection timing according to speed and load but also according to the type of driving the vehicle was experiencing."
},
{
"docid": "D494442#0",
"title": "http://www.google.com/patents/WO2013189709A1?cl=en\n.",
"text": "\"Description (OCR text may contain errors)EDTA-FREE MAYONNAISE AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOFTECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention relates to a method of preparing an EDTA-free mayonnaise, said method comprising incorporating into the mayonnaise a combination of reduced grape juice, a source of acetic acid and protein. The invention also relates to the use of reduced grape juice as an EDTA-replacer inmayonnaise and to a process of preparing an improved EDTA replacer from reduced grape juice. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONOil oxidation is a undesired process that commonly occurs in oil containing food products. If allowed to progress freely, oil oxidation causes these food products to develop an undesirable, rancid flavour. Unsaturated and especially polyunsaturated fatty acid residues that abundantly present in vegetable oils are the prime source of rancid smelling oxidation products. Oil oxidations are strongly catalyzed by free metal ions, such as iron and copper ions. Traditionally, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) has been used in food products to prevent oil oxidation and spoilage due to its capacity to chelate metals. EDTA, however, is a synthetic or artificial ingredient. Within the food industry an increasing effort is made to remove artificial ingredients from food products and to replace them with natural alternatives. Owing to its effectiveness, reasonable cost, and lack of viable alternatives, however, EDTA has so far been one of the more difficult artificial ingredients to replace."
},
{
"docid": "D2195447#0",
"title": "http://www.globalspec.com/learnmore/motion_controls/engines_components/industrial_engines\nCombustion Engines Information",
"text": "\"Combustion Engines Information Show all Combustion Engines Manufacturers Combustion engines are machines that use the heat and pressure from a combustion reaction to generate mechanical energy. Most combustion engines operate by inducing a controlled burn of fuel and air in a combustion chamber. The burn generates heat and pressure which directly or indirectly drives a shaft which does work. The mechanical energy produced by a combustion engine may be rotational, vibrational, or another form based on the design of the components. Combustion engines are incorporated in countless types of products, from automobiles to large industrial machines. Types of Combustion Engines Combustion engines are classified initially based on how they combust fuel (either internally or externally). Within each category, there are a number of different types of designs. Internal Combustion Engines Internal combustion engines are combustion engines which burn their fuel internally in a combustion chamber. Two Stroke Engines Two stroke engines complete the power cycle with two strokes of the piston within the cylinder, or one turn of the crankshaft. In these engines, the flow of the intake and the exhaust happen simultaneously."
},
{
"docid": "D2793908#0",
"title": "http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0708.html\nFinancier's Fortune in Oil Amassed in Industrial Era of 'Rugged Individualism'",
"text": "\"May 24, 1937OBITUARYFinancier's Fortune in Oil Amassed in Industrial Era of 'Rugged Individualism'By THE NEW YORK TIMESJohn Davison Rockefeller was the richest man in the world at the height of his active career. Starting his business life as a poor boy in an office, with little formal education and no capital except what he saved by strict economy out of meager earnings, he became the pioneer of efficient business organization and of the modern corporation, the most powerful capitalist of his age, and the greatest philanthropist and patron of higher education, scientific research and public health in the history of the world. It was estimated after Mr. Rockefeller retired from business that he had accumulated close to $1,500,000,000 out of the earnings of the Standard Oil trust and out of his other investments. This was probably the greatest amount of wealth that any private citizen had ever been able to accumulate by his own efforts. The foregoing estimate was made on the basis of 1918 income tax returns, which indicated that Mr. Rockefeller's taxable income was then $33,000,000 and that his total fortune was probably more than $800,000,000. At that time he had distributed about $500,000,000 in public benefactions. Mr. Rockefeller's taxable income in 1921 had decreased to between $1,000,000 and $1,500,000, and he no longer headed the list of the Internal Revenue Bureau, as there was a taxpayer with a net income of more than $5,000,000. John D. Rockefeller Jr. made a public statement in the same year that his father's wealth had never reached $1,000,000,000, although the elder Rockefeller had often been referred to as \"\"the world's only billionaire.\"\" John D. Rockefeller Jr. also said that his father's property had been \"\"materially reduced by the large gifts from principal which he had made during recent years. \"\" In 1923, during the Senate oil investigation, it was learned from testimony at Washington that the elder Rockefeller was no longer a stockholder in the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey and that he did not hold 1 per cent of stock in any of the Standard Oil companies."
},
{
"docid": "D1845914#0",
"title": "http://stylecaster.com/beauty/8-asian-beauty-secrets-to-incorporate-into-your-routine/\n8 Asian Beauty Secrets To Incorporate Into Your Routine",
"text": "8 Asian Beauty Secrets To Incorporate Into Your Routine Facebook Pinterest Twitter Tumblr1by Megan Segura 208 Shares 5 years ago Some of the biggest beauty trends in recent memory (BB creams, anyone?) have originated in Asia, which is way ahead of the West in the skincare game. “ Korean women, on average, use 26-27 steps in their beauty regimen, versus American women who only use six to seven,” says Global Aesthetician and Skincare and Beauty Expert for Korean skincare brand Amorepacific , Dana Nicolette. What is it that these women know about beauty that I’m missing? I went in search for some of the best Asian beauty secrets to learn how to incorporate them into my current routine.1. Brush your skin. While Francine Gingras, VP Global PR for Elizabeth Arden, lived in Japan as a teen (she grew up in Canada), she learned the importance of brushing her face every day with a soft-bristled brush. Gingras, who continues the ritual even today, says it is responsible for keeping her skin toned all these years. It’s also said to help prepare your skin, so the serums and creams you put on actually sink in. It seems Americans have caught onto this trend; now almost every beauty buff owns a Clarisonicor a similar face-cleansing device.2."
},
{
"docid": "D2080985#0",
"title": "https://www.forbes.com/sites/venkateshrao/2011/12/14/the-amazon-playbook/\nWhy Amazon Is The Best Strategic Player In Tech",
"text": "Venkatesh Rao Contributor I cover marketing, technology strategy and organizational problems Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. Tech 12/14/2011 @ 4:50PM 265,955 views Why Amazon Is The Best Strategic Player In Tech Image by AFP/Getty Images via @daylife By this time next month, there will have been the usual sudden year-end jump in ownership of Kindles, thanks to the season of gifts. If book industry analyst Mike Shatzkin is to be believed (and I believe him) the sales at retail bookstores will have fallen by about 10% by this time next year. Physical retail book stores have been seeing an annual doubling in revenue reduction percentages ever since the Kindle was introduced. Shatzkin writes: One bookstore owner I know has been doing a great job; the store held its own despite the overall slide in print. The bookseller told me that this year, through October, sales at the store were down 5%. Not bad. They were down 2% year-on-year last year. They were down 1% year-on-year in 2009. And they had a record year for sales in 2008."
},
{
"docid": "D1140593#0",
"title": "https://hempmedspx.com/what-is-cbd-isolate/\n09 Mar What is CBD Isolate?",
"text": "09 Mar What is CBD Isolate? Posted at 11:39h in Health by Hemp Meds CBD ISOLATE: PURITY ONLY RIVALED BY ITS VERSATILITY. As a daily nutritional supplement, CBD Hemp Oil is enormously popular and is gaining thousands of users daily. Those who incorporate CBD oil usage into their daily health and wellness programs are extremely satisfied with the results and benefits. A variety of products and more detailed info on CBD Hemp Oil can be found here. If you’ve already been won over by the effects of CBD Hemp oil, imagine this: creating your own Cannabidiol-infused foods, supplements, edibles, liquids, tinctures, and recipes. What if you could roll up your sleeves, tie on an apron and get in the kitchen/laboratory and create your own Cannabidiol mixtures and concoctions, in a Bill Nye meets Martha Stewart sort of way? It’s easy with CBD isolate recipes that you make or modify to help you create CBD isolate edibles. The convenience and versatility of CBD isolate hemp oil lets you do that and more!WHAT IS CBD ISOLATE? Simply put, hemp CBD isolate is cannabidiol in its purest form possible."
},
{
"docid": "D1466383#0",
"title": "http://asq.org/pub/sixsigma/past/vol2_issue4/folaron.html\nThe Evolution of Six Sigma",
"text": "Contents Download the Article (PDF, 95 KB)Jim Folaron, J. P. Morgan Chase & Co. A look at the innovations that contributed to the methology we call Six Sigma and a glimpse into its future. The Six Sigma methodology is not a revolutionary way of thinking, and it does not provide a radically new set of quality tools. It is more of an evolutionary development in the science of continuous improvement that combines the best elements from many earlier quality initiatives. Although some of the tools used in Six Sigma, such as quality function deployment (QFD), are relatively new, most, such as the fishbone diagram, date back 50 years or more. The philosophies related to Six Sigma have existed in one form or another even longer than that (see Figure 1 ). Customer focus, data driven decision making, business results focus and process understanding are not new approaches to business success. What is new, and what makes Six Sigma so powerful, is the combination of these elements with a rigorous, disciplined approach and well-publicized, proven business successes. General George Patton was a great student of history. He believed those who did not learn from past mistakes were doomed to repeat them. This is true in the field of quality and continuous improvement, as well."
},
{
"docid": "D695688#0",
"title": "https://www.consumeraffairs.com/automotive/toyota_scion.html\n94 Toyota Scion Consumer Reviews and Complaints",
"text": "\"Last updated: March 14, 201894 Toyota Scion Consumer Reviews and Complaints Sort: Recent Filter by: Any Pamm of Olathe, KS Verified Reviewer Original review: March 14, 2018Had my 2006 Scion TC for four years and has over 200,000 miles on it and I've had no major problems at all. I think I replace the alternator at one point. Tires because I drive a lot open that not a single problem. Helpful Be the first one to find this review helpful Melissa of Baltimore, MD Verified Reviewer Original review: Dec. 22, 20179 years ago today I bought my 2007 Scion t C within 2 years I had to replace my engine. There was no low oil warning indicators and the check engine light never came on. I’ve gone through numerous sets of tires… Not cheap either… The handle to my trunk broke off and had to be Gorilla glued back on. My sunroof refuses to close at times. And today I was left on the side of road yet again with a blown engine. I have two small kids and this car has been nothing but unreliable the whole time I’ve had it. Helpful 7 people found this review helpful Get expert advice delivered right to your inbox We try to avoid the fluff and deliver tips and guides that really matter Email Send me advice Unsubscribe easily whenever you want K of St Petersburg, FL Verified Reviewer Original review: Sept. 18, 2017I bought a brand new Scion x D in 2008."
},
{
"docid": "D712705#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/Standard-Oil-Company-and-Trust\nStandard Oil Company and Trust",
"text": "Standard Oil Company and Trust, American company and corporate trust that from 1870 to 1911 was the industrial empire of John D. Rockefeller and associates, controlling almost all oil production, processing, marketing, and transportation in the United States. Standard Oil Building The former Standard Oil Building, lower Manhattan, New York City, constructed in 1921–28 atop an original building of 1884–85; designed by Thomas Hastings. It was the headquarters of the Standard Oil Trust and successor companies until 1956. Library of Congress, Washington, D. C. The company’s origins date to 1863, when Rockefeller joined Maurice B. Clark and Samuel Andrews in a Cleveland, Ohio, oil-refining business; in 1865 Rockefeller bought out Clark, and two years later he invited Henry M. Flagler to join as a partner in the venture. By 1870 the firm of Rockefeller, Andrews, and Flagler was operating the largest refineries in Cleveland, and these and related facilities became the property of the new Standard Oil Company, incorporated in Ohio in 1870. By 1880, through elimination of competitors, mergers with other firms, and use of favourable railroad rebates, it controlled the refining of 90 to 95 percent of all oil produced in the United States.first oil pipeline Overview of the first oil pipeline (1879), which attempted to compete with Standard Oil Company and Trust. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises Gmb H, Mainz In 1882 the Standard Oil Company and affiliated companies that were engaged in producing, refining, and marketing oil were combined in the Standard Oil Trust, created by the Standard Oil Trust Agreement signed by nine trustees, including Rockefeller. By the agreement, companies could be purchased, created, dissolved, merged, or divided; eventually, the trustees governed some 40 corporations, of which 14 were wholly owned. Founded in 1882, Standard Oil of New Jersey was one component of the trust; by design the Standard Oil Trust embraced a maze of legal structures, which made its workings virtually impervious to public investigation and understanding. As Ida Tarbell wrote in her History of the Standard Oil Company (1904), “You could argue its existence from its effects, but you could not prove it.”"
},
{
"docid": "D1550364#0",
"title": "http://www.ford-granadaguild.org.uk/gu4_granhist.php\n.",
"text": "Additional reading :- Ford Motor Company history, also the Consul and Granada histories. Also read about Ford down under . But how many Granadas are there left now ? Click here to find out Consul & Mk1 Granada (Visit our Galleries)Ford in Germany were responsible for the rakish 2 door Granada Ghia Coupe shown above right, introduced in July 1974. It did not sell in great numbers, and has since become a highly desirable collectors car. The Consul / Granada range was announced to the public in April 1972 and was well received by the motoring press and public alike. Saloons and estate cars offered initially a choice of 2.5 & 3.0 litre V6 Dagenham built engines. The 2.5 litre engine was confined to the Consul model from September 1972. From April 1973 all models in the Consul / Granada range were fitted with power steering as standard. Top speed ranged from 92mph (150kmh) to 113mph (180kmh) with the 3.0 litre models capable of 0-60 mph in 9 seconds."
},
{
"docid": "D2471718#0",
"title": "http://www.yeastinfection.org/is-coconut-oil-good-for-treating-candida-infection/\nIs Coconut Oil Good for Treating Candida Infection?",
"text": "Is Coconut Oil Good for Treating Candida Infection? July 25, 2015 by Yeast Expert 9 Comments The answer is – Yes, it is excellent for treating candida and affords many other benefits to our body. While you must have heard of the benefits of coconut oil against candida, you may have also found conflicting information regarding its use. Of course you would not want to take something that is, for example, said to be good for treating candida but bad for your heart. Considering the controversy that has surrounded coconut oil, it is important to weigh the available scientific evidence in order to make an informed decision about it. Cononut Special Anti Candida Food # 4Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 4:42The saturated fat controversy and coconut oil A study in 1970 concluded that there was a correlation between coronary heart disease and total cholesterol concentration. The cholesterol concentrations correlated with energy provided by saturated fat. After this study saturated fat was demonized as oil that if taken internally, would cause cardiac and other health issues due to its high saturated fat content. However, as many researchers have pointed out, “ correlation is not necessarily causation ” and as it was found later, there were many other un-accounted for factors that were the culprit."
}
] |
620124
|
what did the indian act do
|
[
{
"docid": "D2822362#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_Indian_act_do\nWhat did the Indian act do?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Animal Life What did the Indian act do? Flag What did the Indian act do? Answer by Rockaware Confidence votes 361The Indian act is a Canadian statute that concernsregistered Indians (that is, First Nations peoples of Canada), their bands, and the system of Indian reserves. The Indian Act was enacted in 1876 by the Parliament of Canada under the provisions of Section 91 (24) of the Constitution Act, 1867, which provides Canada's federal government exclusive authority to legislate in relation to \"\"Indians and Lands Reserved for Indians\"\". The Indian Act is administered by the Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development. The act defines who is an \"\"Indian\"\" and contains certain legal rights and legal disabilities for registered Indians. The rights exclusive to Indians in the Indian Act are beyond legal challenge under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Section Twenty-five of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, in particular, provides that the charter shall not be interpreted as negating specific aboriginal treaties and their corresponding rights and freedoms. [ 1] Section Thirty-five of the Constitution Act, 1982 also recognizes and affirms the legal validity of aboriginal treaties. Was this answer useful?"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D564866#0",
"title": "http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/455/130.html\nMERRION v. JICARILLA APACHE TRIBE",
"text": "\"Find Law Caselaw United States US Supreme Court MERRION v. JICARILLA APACHE TRIBEMERRION v. JICARILLA APACHE TRIBEReset AAFont size: Print United States Supreme Court MERRION v. JICARILLA APACHE TRIBE, (1982)No. 80-11Argued: March 30, 1981 Decided: January 25, 1982Respondent Indian Tribe, pursuant to its Revised Constitution (which had been approved by the Secretary of the Interior (Secretary) as required by the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934), enacted an ordinance (also approved by the Secretary) imposing a severance tax on oil and gas production on the tribal reservation land. Oil and gas received by the Tribe as in-kind royalty payments from lessees of mineral leases on the reservation are exempted from the tax. Petitioners, lessees under Secretary-approved long-term leases with the Tribe to extract oil and natural gas deposits on reservation land, brought separate actions in Federal District Court to enjoin enforcement of the tax. The District Court, consolidating the actions, entered a permanent injunction, ruling that the Tribe had no authority to impose the tax, that only state and local authorities had the power to tax oil and gas production on Indian reservations, and that the tax violated the Commerce Clause. The Court of Appeals reversed, holding that the taxing power is an inherent attribute of tribal sovereignty that has not been divested by any treaty or Act of Congress, and that there was no Commerce Clause violation. Held:1. The Tribe has the inherent power to impose the severance tax on petitioners' mining activities as part of its power to govern and to pay for the costs of self-government. Pp. 136-152. ("
},
{
"docid": "D2426247#0",
"title": "http://net.lib.byu.edu/estu/wwi/comment/cmrts/cmrt8.html\n.",
"text": "\"The American Indian in the Great War: Real and Imagined By Diane Camurat WWI and its Consequences CHAPTER FOUR: CONSEQUENCES OF THE WAR;Introduction The consequences of the participation of Native Americans in the Great War can be seen from two angles. First, from the outside, the point of view of Indian policy makers. Did the integration of American Indian soldiers in the Army during the Great War play a role in their further integration into Army? Did it have any impact on the Indian reformers' cherished dream of assimilating the Indian to society in general? Was the participation of American Indian soldiers in the Great War decisive in their being granted citizenship in 1924? The other point of view is from the inside, the perspective of American Indians themselves. What was the experience of American Indian veterans coming back home? Did it bring any change in traditional and ceremonial life? Finally, did the war in general bring any change on the reservations? I will try to address these questions in the coming chapter, although I often have been short of information."
},
{
"docid": "D3219494#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_Dawes_Act_do\nWhat did the Dawes Act do?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Native American History What did the Dawes Act do? Flag What did the Dawes Act do? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. The Dawes Act was passed in 1887 and it tried to dissolve Indian tribes by redistributing the land. It was designed to forestall growing Indian poverty, but it resulted in many Indians losing their land to speculators.14 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Natsi101 85 Contributions What was the Dawes Act? The American government tried to Americanize the Native Americanpopulation by offering land and citizenship to those who would giveup their tribal traditions and culture. The …Monroegurl15 4 Contributions What is the dawes act? The Dawes Act was put in act on February 8, 1887 regarding the distribution of land to Native Americans in Oklahoma. Named after its sponsor, U. S. Senator Henry L. Dawes of …What was the topic of the Dawes Act?to get the Indian land and to use it for settlements Bobby Byrd 2 Contributions What was the goal of the Dawes Act of 1887?"
},
{
"docid": "D812150#0",
"title": "http://rebelcherokee.labdiva.com/indher.html\n.",
"text": "\"CHEROKEEAni-yunwiya In most textbooks, it is said that the Indians are not Native to this continent, but are from somewhere else, just like the Europeans that came here. This idea gives justification to the idea that America does not belong to the Indians anymore. Myths, perpetuated by historians, about the Native Americans have left more questions than answers. What were the origins of these People? Where did they come from? How and when did they get to the New World? What was their life - their culture - really like? Early explorers, missionaries and settlers all have diverse ideas of this. Some thought they were descended from the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel, or descended from the lost continent of Atlantis. One writer suggested they had reached North America in another Noah's Ark. Many more believe that life on this continent came over an ice bridge into Alaska then spread South."
},
{
"docid": "D1486071#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_was_a_result_of_the_Dawes_Act\nWhat was the Dawes Act?",
"text": "Natsi101 85 Contributions What was the Dawes Act? The American government tried to Americanize the Native Americanpopulation by offering land and citizenship to those who would giveup their tribal traditions and culture. The …Monroegurl15 4 Contributions What is the dawes act? The Dawes Act was put in act on February 8, 1887 regarding the distribution of land to Native Americans in Oklahoma. Named after its sponsor, U. S. Senator Henry L. Dawes of …What did the Dawes Act do? The Dawes Act was passed in 1887 and it tried to dissolve Indian tribes by redistributing the land. It was designed to forestall growing Indian poverty, but it resulted in man …What was the topic of the Dawes Act?to get the Indian land and to use it for settlements Bobby Byrd 2 Contributions What was the goal of the Dawes Act of 1887? The stated purpose was to integrate Native Americans into societyand reduce poverty, but it was a thinly disguised robbery of Nativelands, opening them up to settlers. It serv …Duende Brooks 6 Contributions What was the Daws Act? The Dawes Act was an act passed in 1887 that granted citizenship to Native Americans if they agreed to live on the land allotted tothem."
},
{
"docid": "D2207001#0",
"title": "http://jmoonhsu.weebly.com/chapter-23-26-study-guides.html\n.",
"text": "\"Chapter #23 Identifications Thomas Nast A U. S. illustrator and newspaper cartoonist in the \"\"Gilded Age\"\" who produced satirical cartoons, he invented \"\"Uncle Sam\"\" and came up with the elephant and the donkey for the political parties. He nearly brought down Boss Tweed. Horace Greely American newspaper editor, a founder of the Liberal Republican Party, a reformer, and a politician. His New York Tribune was America's most influential newspaper from the 1840s to the 1870s and \"\"established his reputation as the greatest editor of his day. Roscoe Conkling A politician from New York who served both as a member of the United States House of Representatives and the U. S. Senate. He was the leader of the Stalwart faction of the Republican Party and the last person to refuse a U. S. Supreme Court appointment after he had already been confirmed by the U. S. Senate. James G. Blaine A U. S. Representative, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, U. S. Senator from Maine, two-time Secretary of State. Was nominated for president in 1884, but lost a closely to Democrat Grover Cleveland. Samuel Tilden Democratic nominee for president in 1876 who loses narrowly Charles J. Guiteau An American lawyer who assassinated U. S. President Garfield on July 2, 1881. He was executed by hanging."
},
{
"docid": "D2416446#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_is_the_sugar_act_important\nWhy is the sugar act important?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Colonial America Why is the sugar act important? Flag Why is the sugar act important? Answer by Lemsgarden Confidence votes 3.4Kbecause it's what basically changed America. The sugar act is what caused the colonists to want to revolt even more! Since the colonists were protesting and all that it changed America. What if the colonists hadn't protested the sugar act? How do you think life would be today?9 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Lemsgarden What was the Sugar Act? The Sugar Act is an act passed by the British Parliament in 1764. It placed a tax of three cents on sugar that was bought by the American colonists."
},
{
"docid": "D188589#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribal_sovereignty_in_the_United_States\nTribal sovereignty in the United States",
"text": "\"Tribal sovereignty in the United States From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Map of the contiguous United States with reservation lands excluded Tribal sovereignty in the United States is the concept of the inherent authority of indigenous tribes to govern themselves within the borders of the United States. The U. S. federal government recognizes tribal nations as \"\"domestic dependent nations\"\" and has established a number of laws attempting to clarify the relationship between the federal, state and tribal governments. Contents [ hide ]1 Native American sovereignty and the Constitution2 Early history2.1 The Marshall Trilogy, 1823–18322.2 Indian Appropriations Act of 18712.3 United States v. Kagama (1886)2.4 Empowerment of tribal courts, 18832.5 The General Allotment Act (Dawes Act), 18873 Twentieth-century developments3.1 Revenue and Indian Citizenship acts, 19243.2 Indian Reorganization Act, 19343.3 Public Law 280, 19534 Tribal governments today4.1 Tribal courts4.2 Nation to nation: tribes and the federal government4.3 Tribal state relations: sovereign within a sovereign5 List of cases6 See also7 Notes8 References9 External links Native American sovereignty and the Constitution [ edit]The United States Constitution mentions Native American tribes three times: Article I, Section 2, Clause 3 states that \"\"Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States ... excluding Indians not taxed.\"\" [ 1] According to Story's Commentaries on the U. S. Constitution, \"\"There were Indians, also, in several, and probably in most, of the states at that period, who were not treated as citizens, and yet, who did not form a part of independent communities or tribes, exercising general sovereignty and powers of government within the boundaries of the states. \"\" Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution states that \"\"Congress shall have the power to regulate Commerce with foreign nations and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes\"\", [2] determining that Indian tribes were separate from the federal government, the states, and foreign nations; [3] and The Fourteenth Amendment, Section 2 amends the apportionment of representatives in Article I, Section 2 above. [ 4]These basic provisions have been changed or clarified by various federal laws over the history of the United States. Regulate historically meant facilitate, rather than control or direct in the more modern sense. Therefore, the Congress of these United States was to be the facilitator of commerce between the states and the tribes. [ 5]These Constitutional provisions, and subsequent interpretations by the Supreme Court (see below), are today often summarized in three principles of U. S. Indian law: [6] [7] [8]Territorial sovereignty: Tribal authority on Indian land is organic and is not granted by the states in which Indian lands are located. Plenary power doctrine: Congress, and not the Executive Branch, has ultimate authority with regard to matters affecting the Indian tribes."
},
{
"docid": "D1217422#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/Did-the-British-Empire-have-a-net-positive-or-a-net-negative-effect-on-India\nDid the British Empire have a net positive or a net negative effect on India?",
"text": "\"Impact of British Colonial Rule Legacy of the British Rule Impact of Colonial Rule on India British Empire Crown Rule in India (1858-1947) Colonialism Historical India Did the British Empire have a net positive or a net negative effect on India?31 Answers Tushar Khairnar, Curious about eveything in this world Answered May 18, 2012I think more than wealth and political power etc India ( and indian subcontinent) lost its culture and values in great way. British systematically imbibed western education in Indian people. By doing they killed thousand year old traditions. I dont remember exactly but some high ranking british officer had writtern something like this - \"\"India is so rich not a single begger you can find here ..... its true power is its tradition .. to break we need break their traditions their interdependence their complex form on life their value system\"\". British were astute rulers and I think India has lot hundred times more than gained anything. All rail related work, western education and knowledge and english language etc. all would have traveled in Time to India. British only added these things for their convenience. I was reading book on history of india by John Keay , he noted one thing that Indian historically never studied \"\"History\"\" as subject or field. There lies India's greatest weakness."
},
{
"docid": "D2032905#0",
"title": "http://www.kinounchepirini.com/history\nKinounchipirini Algonquin First Nation",
"text": "\"History Of The Ottawa Valleyhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5NANa KYxf ZY Mishomis William Commanda Cry Of THE EARTH ALGONQUIN DELEGATIONhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DIR1rg Ym HPw Mishomis william Commanda 1913-2011 River Documentaryhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u88mf QIh Tig Story of Turtle Island by Jacob Wawatie AMIKWA NATION REPORT1 October 20151. I, Sidney L. Harring have been a Professor of Law at the City University of New York, since 1990, retiring and taking emeritus status in 2011. Prior to that I was an Associate Professor of Law at the same institution since 1983. I have taught law and sociology since 1972. I have done research on aboriginal rights issues since 1969 and have taught aboriginal law since 1985. My address is 210 Warner Hill Road, Mayfield, New York, 12117. 2. I have taught aboriginal law and indigenous rights at six law schools, including serving twice as Law Foundation Chair in Law and Public Policy at the College of Law of the University of Saskatchewan. I have written two books on aboriginal law and policy: White Man’s Law:: Native People in Nineteenth-Century Canadian Jurisprudence, published by the Osgoode Society and the University of Toronto Press in 1998 and Crow Dog’s Case: American India Sovereignty, Tribal Law, and United States Law in the Nineteenth Century, published by Cambridge University Press in 1994. Both of these books were written supported by research fellowships from the National Endowment of the Humanities and other sources, including a Canadian Studies Research Grant."
},
{
"docid": "D2407910#0",
"title": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/31/515\nWorcester v. Georgia",
"text": "\"Supreme Courtabout search liibulletin subscribe previews Worcester v. Georgia Decision Cites31 U. S. 515Worcester v. Georgia ()Argued: Decided:___Syllabus Opinion, Marshall Concurrence, Mclean Syllabus A writ of error was issued to \"\"The Judges of the Superior Court for the County of Gwinett in the State of Georgia\"\" commanding them to send to the Supreme Court of the United States the record and proceedings in the said Superior Court of the County of Gwinett, between the State of Georgia, plaintiff, and Samuel A. Worcester, defendant, on an indictment in that Court. The record of the Court of Gwinnett was returned, certified by the clerk of the Court, and was also authenticated by the seal of the Court. It was returned with, and annexed to, a writ of error issued in regular form, the citation being signed by one of the Associate Justices of the Supreme Court and served on the Governor and Attorney General of the State more than thirty days before the commencement of the term to which the writ of error was returnable. By the Court: The Judicial Act, so far as it prescribes the mode of proceeding, appears to have been literally pursued. In February, 1979, a rule was made on this subject in the following words: It is ordered by the Court that the clerk of the Court to which any writ of error shall be directed may make return of the same by transmitting a true copy of the record, and of all proceedings in the same, under his hand and the seal of the Court. This has been done. But the signature of the judge has not been added to that of the clerk. The law does not require it. The rule does not require it. The plaintiff in error was indicted in the Supreme Court for the County of Gwinnett in the State of Georgia,For residing, on the 15th July, 1831, in that part of the Cherokee Nation attached by the laws of the State of Georgia to that County, without a license or permit from the Governor of the State, or from anyone authorized to grant it, and without having taken the oath to support and defend the Constitution and laws of the State of Georgia, and uprightly to demean himself as a citizen thereof, contrary to the laws of the said State."
},
{
"docid": "D2440913#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_did_the_cherokee_indians_live\nWhere did the Cherokee Indians live?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Native American History Cherokee Indians Where did the Cherokee Indians live? Flag Where did the Cherokee Indians live? Answer by Kaitlynmolloy Confidence votes 18The Cherokees originally lived in the American southeast region, particularly Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee. Most Cherokee were forced to move to Oklahoma in the 1800's along the Trail of Tears. Descendants of those Cherokee still live in Oklahoma. The descendants of others who escaped the Trail of Tears still live in the original Cherokee homelands.3 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Katy Knechtel 16 Contributions What climate did the Cherokee Indians live in? It was warm in the summer and mild in the winter. When did the Cherokee Indians live? They origanally lived in Georgia, North and South Carolina, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, West Virginia, Alabama, and Arkenses ."
},
{
"docid": "D1499123#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_was_the_indian_removal_act_of_1830_created\nWhy was the indian removal act of 1830 created?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Native American History Cherokee Indians Why was the indian removal act of 1830 created? Flag Why was the indian removal act of 1830 created? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. Sought by by President Andrew Jackson (D) in 1830 and passed by a Democrat led congress, it was meant to encourage/assist/force member of the \"\"five civilized tribes\"\" from eastern states, particularly Georgia, to move west into the \"\"Indian Territory\"\", now Oklahoma. This act led to the \"\"Trail of Tears\"\" and more atrocities and is considered by many historians as America's only act of racial genocide. Gave the president power to negotiate with Indian tribes Authorized treaties with eastern Indian tribes Allowed Jackson to negotiate treaties to get Indian tribes to move west4 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No What was the Indian Removal Act of 1830?to implement removal of the native Americans with the passage of the Indian removal act of 1830How did the Cherokee people fight the Indian removal act of 1830?they fought it by staying back at their homeland and fighing battles. What was the purpose of the Indian removal act in 1830?to provide for an exchange of lands with the Indians residing in any of the states or territories, and for their removal west of the river Mississippi Jadesworld24 1,408 Contributions What did the Indian removal act of 1830 do? Gave the president power to negotiate with Indian tribes. Authorized treaties with eastern Indian tribes."
},
{
"docid": "D2550925#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_president_signed_both_the_homestead_act_and_the_pacific_railroad_act\nWhat did the Homestead Act do?",
"text": "Vda3 183 Contributions What did the Homestead Act do? Encouraged small farms in the Great Plains Provided incentives for settlers to farm in the West increase farming in the west it gave farmers 160 acres of land Edit Shabooboo 266 Contributions How did the Homestead and Pacific Railroad Acts affect Natives Americans living on the Great Plains?\\n The Homestead Act gave a white intrusion of into the previously reserved Indian territory of Oklahoma. Also during The Homestead Act, Indian attacks were rare. Many new se …J. P. Helm Retired professor of math and computer science having taught for 36 years at a state supported university in Virginia Who was the president when the Homestead Act passed? The Homestead act was signed in 1862 by Abraham Lincoln. Edit What people were involved in the Pacific Railroad Act? The people involved in the Pacific Railroad Act was President Abraham Lincoln, Congress, the Union Pacific Railroad, and the Central Pacific Railroad. The Act granted the …What was the homestead act about? The Homestead Act allowed people procure free land that was owned by the federal government. It began in 1862 and extended almost 100 years."
},
{
"docid": "D2635015#0",
"title": "http://faithandheritage.com/2011/01/who-does-america-belong-to/\nWho Does America Belong To?",
"text": "\"With the recent midterm elections, many within the mainstream conservative movement, especially represented by the Tea Parties, have asserted that we Americans need to “take our country back” from the politicians in Washington. This of course prompts the question of who “we” are and what it would mean to take “our” country back. Inevitably, those within the mainstream right simply advocate voting for the Republican party or for candidates who promise to rein in spending, stop amnesty for illegal immigrants, and cut taxes. Even when Republicans are elected, there is the invariable disappointment that comes shortly after victory when entitlement programs are not rolled back. It is far too easy for leftists to brand Tea Partiers or other mainstream conservatives as racist because of the perceived over-representation of white people at rallies or other engagements. So the Tea Party and Republican party make it their top priority to appeal to minorities, rather than continuing to advocate for limited government and fiscal responsibility. By taking this approach, folks within the Tea Party or other movement conservative organizations actually legitimize the criticisms of the left who argue that minority participation and involvement is a prerequisite for political legitimacy. In the process, movement conservatives have lost sight of their original stated goals and platforms. By capitulating to politically correct standards, movement conservatives are willing to sacrifice their own interests in favor of the interests of others. Movement conservatism will continue to fail, and several election cycles have been wasted on trying to make a multi-racial nation (an oxymoron) work."
},
{
"docid": "D2931544#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_colonists_do_about_the_intolerable_acts\nWhat did the colonists do about the intolerable acts?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History American Revolution The Intolerable Acts What did the colonists do about the intolerable acts? Flag What did the colonists do about the intolerable acts? Answer by Donna Halper Confidence votes 56.3KMedia historian, educator and author. Expertise in the history of broadcasting, American popular culture, women's history, black history. After the Boston Tea Party, the British clamped down on the Massachusetts colony, and passed what came to be known as the Intolerable Acts. Most colonists were outraged by them; they seemed far too harsh and unjust: colonists felt that the acts strangled commerce and trade, and treated the people of Massachusetts like convicted criminals. Some of the colonists mounted protests, and many refused to comply with these new laws. A few of the more influential colonists, including John Hancock, even wrote to the royal authorities to demand that these acts be repealed immediately. But when nothing seemed to work, the Intolerable Acts led the colonists to decide a revolution was necessary.4 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Anastasia Bulahova 1 Contribution After the intolerable acts were issued what did the colonists do?"
},
{
"docid": "D1436495#0",
"title": "http://www.aforcemorepowerful.org/films/afmp/stories/india.php\nINDIA - DEFYING THE CROWN",
"text": "\"India Overview India Timeline India People Gandhi and Satyagraha India Analysis India Resources INDIA - DEFYING THE CROWNBy March 1930 the people of India are growing more restless under the yoke of British rule. Indian nationalists turn to Gandhi to lead a campaign for full independence. Having successfully employed nonviolent sanctions while fighting for suppressed Indians in South Africa, and then again in India in the 1920s, Gandhi moves to confront the colonial rulers in ways that average Indians can understand and be part of. His first target is the British monopoly on the manufacture and sale of salt, and he leads a 250-mile march to the sea, where he and thousands of protestors violate the law by making their own salt. The British crack down, and many, including Gandhi, go to jail. But civil disobedience spreads, and the campaign encompasses a boycott of British cloth and the resignations of local Indian officials who work for the British. All this puts great pressure on the government, and the British viceroy opens talks with Gandhi, who opts for compromise. Although the campaign does not dislodge the British from India, it shatters the legitimacy of British control and rallies the Indian people to the cause of independence, which eventually comes in 1947. India Overview With a campaign to win rights for Indians in South Africa behind him, Mohandas Gandhi returns to his native India in 1915 to find a country growing increasingly restless under the century-long colonial British rule called the \"\"raj.\"\" While the British do not resort to the brutality used by most occupying forces, they limit basic liberties wherever the power of the raj is threatened."
},
{
"docid": "D2081363#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_did_Indian_act_affected_Canada's_first_nation\nHow did Indian act affected Canada's first nation?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Travel & Places Countries, States, and Cities Canada How did Indian act affected Canada's first nation? Flag How did Indian act affected Canada's first nation? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. The Indian Act said that First Nations people could not practice their culture, nor could they speak their language. Also it said that the First Nations did not have right to the land they lived on because they did not have it written down that it was theirs. They did not have the same rights as other Canadians, ex. they could not vote. They were not allowed to drink on the reserves, a Native women had to marry a Native man, but a Native man could marry a non-Native women. The famous Potlach was banned from being performed by all Natives. As a result most First Nations people (mostly children) lost all or most of their native culture during the time of the Indian Act.9 people found this useful Was this answer useful?"
},
{
"docid": "D3219493#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120120012733AAgwxrc\nWhat did the dawes act do? How did it affect the indians?",
"text": "Arts & Humanities History What did the dawes act do? How did it affect the indians? Pleeaase help! its 3am and i'm still doing homework due today!Follow 4 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: The Dawes Act of 1887 authorized the President of the United States to survey Indian tribal land and divide the arable area into allotments for the individual Indian. The law was suppose to turn native Americans into farmers and civilize them so they could better assimilate into the white man's world. Source (s):http://www.answers.com/topic/dawes-act-o...staisil · 6 years ago0 1 Comment In those days, alot of the protection stress stress have been only volunteers. aka, adult adult males who have been under the effect of alcohol and raped at will. like the adult adult males in charge for Sand Creek; have been volunteers. So the army wasn't sturdy in those days. BIA?"
},
{
"docid": "D1599091#0",
"title": "http://history.stackexchange.com/questions/480/why-did-canada-not-join-the-american-revolution\nWhy did Canada not join the American Revolution?",
"text": "\"_History Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for historians and history buffs. Join them; it only takes a minute: Sign up Here's how it works: Anybody can ask a question Anybody can answer The best answers are voted up and rise to the top Why did Canada not join the American Revolution?up vote70down votefavorite12America declared independence from Britain and fought a war of independence. Several states joined the fight, however, Canada remained British. Why did the American rebellion and war of independence not spread to Canada?british-empire 18th-century american-revolution canadashare improve this questionedited May 8 '12 at 16:24ihtkwot6,787 4 45 83asked Oct 22 '11 at 12:20Rincewind423,607 1 18 27These colonies were younger and hadn't had a history of self-rule. – Lev Oct 22 '11 at 19:361A complex issue, for sure. Good question; I hope someone can address it fully. – Noldorin Oct 22 '11 at 22:175possible duplicate of What were the reasons that the British colonies in North America rebelled but not others? – Wladimir Palant Oct 23 '11 at 12:57See also: mcgill.ca/maritimelaw/history/canada – Dale Apr 15 '12 at 18:201The presence of a significant army garrison and the lack of a populated hinterland away from troops was a significant factor too. – Oldcat Jun 26 '15 at 20:48add a comment3 Answers active oldest votesup vote83down voteaccepted Short Answer: The Canadiens were tired of war and content with British rule. Long Answer: Twenty-some years before the American Revolution (1754), which was just before the Seven Years War, this is what the map of British Colonies looked like: Only a few areas of modern-day Canada were British then: Nova-Scotia, Labrador-Newfoundland, and around James' Bay & Hudson's Bay."
}
] |
620132
|
what did the industrial revolution do for society
|
[
{
"docid": "D571323#0",
"title": "http://webs.bcp.org/sites/vcleary/ModernWorldHistoryTextbook/IndustrialRevolution/IREffects.html\nEffects of the Industrial Revolution",
"text": "\"Effects of the Industrial Revolution Working Conditions Living Conditions Urbanization Public Health and Life Expectancy Child Labor Working Class Families and the Role of Women The Emerging Middle Class Wealth and Income Now that we have looked at how and why the Industrial Revolution occurred, it’s time to consider its effects on people. We learned that industrial production increased tremendously, bringing wealth and power to Great Britain throughout the 19th century. But we have yet to explore the effects of industrialization on society, on the daily living and the working conditions of common people. What was life like for the average industrial worker? Was living in a new industrial city and working in a factory an improvement over life in the countryside? Did the new factory life change for the better the roles of family members, including women and children? Were people healthier? In general, did the Industrial Revolution improve life for most people? To answer these questions, we’ll look at various primary source accounts to gather evidence from the people that actually lived through this time period. Since the Industrial Revolution was so new at the end of the 18th century, there were initially no laws to regulate new industries."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D698394#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_did_the_Industrial_Revolution_affect_the_standard_of_living\nHow do historians differ in their interpretation of the effects of the Industrial Revolution on the standard of living?",
"text": "Joncey 144,431 Contributions How do historians differ in their interpretation of the effects of the Industrial Revolution on the standard of living? There is widespread agreement (among modern historians) that industrialization produced a huge increase in GDP. The main disgreeements are about how the increase was distribut …Boocupcake 6 Contributions How did the Industrial Revolution affect peoples' lives?i dunno becuz i said so . It made items easier to purchase because there were more manufactured products due to the fact that there was a progression in work because of the …How did the Industrial Revolution affect the french revolution? IR= industrial revolution FR= french revolution the IR affected the FR as the FR had short term effect while the IR had long term when they set a goal they made sure they …How did the scientific revolution affect the Industrial Revolution?hala madrid How did the industrial revolution affect the lives of men women and children? Men, women, and children suffered in harsh conditions. There were long working hours in factories that had machines that were unsafe. Sometimes a worker could lose their arm i …L. M. 301 Contributions What industries were affected by the Industrial Revolution? The Industrial Revolution began in Europe in mid 18th century. There were many elements affected after the Industrial Revolutiom,including medicine,textile industry,communicati …Alfonzo Anzar 2 Contributions How did the Agricultural Revolution affect the Industrial Revolution?"
},
{
"docid": "D1726718#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_did_the_Industrial_Revolution_begin_in_England\nWhy did the Industrial Revolution begin in England?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of Europe History of England Industrial Revolution Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England? Flag Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England? Answer by Emopanda32412 Confidence votes 1011. England had experienced all of the forerunners of industrialization in the previous century: an agricultural revolution, cottage industry, and an expanded commercial revolution. These developments had built surplus capital and an infrastructure (shipping, banking, insurance, joint stock companies).2. England already had a handcraft textile industry using wool, but with the availability of cotton from overseas markets as an alternative raw material.3. The scientific revolution in England prepared the way for new inventions to be applied to industry.4. A spreading shortage of wood (used for energy, for shipbuilding andconstruction) stimulated a search for alternatives.5. England was rich in supplies of coal for energy and iron for construction.6. England had a long, irregular coastline with many rivers and naturalharbors which provided easy transportation by water to many areas.7."
},
{
"docid": "D1997727#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_did_the_transportation_improvements_change_life_in_the_1800s_name_at_least_3_ways._in_the_Industrial_Revolution\nHow did the transportation improvements change life in the 1800s name at least 3 ways. in the Industrial Revolution?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of Europe History of England Industrial Revolution How did the transportation improvements change life in the 1800s name at least 3 ways. in the Industrial Revolution? Flag How did the transportation improvements change life in the 1800s name at least 3 ways. in the Industrial Revolution? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. First, it allowed for increased production due to the ability to have longer work days. Second, it increased the rate of disease from pollutants. Third, it allowed for new businesses that transport items that would have normally perished to survive (i.e. imported fruits and meats).2 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Three ways industrial revolution changed life? Three ways industrial revolution change d life How did transport change in the Industrial Revolution?in them days they were going steam During the industrial revolution life changed in what basic way?people migrate from dual areas to cities."
},
{
"docid": "D1926608#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_in_Great_Britain_during_the_Industrial_Revolution\nLife in Great Britain during the Industrial Revolution",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Industrial Revolution was the period encompassing the vast social and economic changes that resulted from the development of steam-powered machinery and mass-production methods. It began in about 1760 in Great Britain and extending through some of the first half of the nineteenth century. The lives of large sections of the population of Great Britain underwent massive changes during the industrial revolution. Work became more regimented and disciplined and began to take place outside the home. A movement of the population to the cities from the countryside produced dramatic changes in lifestyle. The Industrial belt of Britain stretched from the Scottish lowlands to the valleys of southern Wales. The establishment of major factory centers helped develop networks of canals, roads, and railroads. Some of these major factory centers are Derby shire, Lancashire, Cheshire, Stafford shire, Nottingham shire, and Yorkshire. This is where the proletariat class was born. The Industrial Revolution helped create opportunities for employment for all members of the family."
},
{
"docid": "D1409038#0",
"title": "http://www.123helpme.com/search.asp?text=scientific+revolution\n.",
"text": "\"Title Length Color Rating The Scientific Revolution - In the centuries preceding the Scientific Revolution people attempted to understand natural phenomena through the lenses of doctrine and philosophical speculation. Scientists were content with to rely on a synthesis of Aristotelian framework and dogma in attempt to describe the world. During the Scientific Revolution scientists began to embrace empiricism as a way to better understand the intricacies of nature. Unlike today scientists during the Scientific Revolution didn’t see a dichotomy between science and religion.... [tags: Scientific Research ]:: 4 Works Cited1334 words (3.8 pages) Strong Essays [preview]The Scientific Revolution - There were three major revolutions at work during the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries, the scientific revolution, the enlightenment revolution and the political revolution. All of these revolutions have shaped western thought and ideals to this day and continue even in this age to shape western thoughts and ideals. What brought us to our thinking of today. Which, if any of the three, were the most important in shaping our thoughts on science, politics, and our social structures. Or were each an independent revolution without consequences on the others.... [tags: Enlightenment, Political Revolution]:: 1 Works Cited1084 words (3.1 pages) Strong Essays [preview]The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment - ... (7) It was believed that God had created the universe for man, and that he had given the central position in his creation to man, giving people a profound sense of security however Copernicus theory took away man’s central position in the universe. ( 7) The new scientific discoveries were detrimental to authority as they fostered doubt uncertainty, anxiety and threated belief in the faith (*), however the full implications of these discoveries were not fully understood by people during the scientific revolution.... [tags: authority, darwinism, scientific ideas]1694 words (4.8 pages) Powerful Essays [preview]Breakthroughs in The Scientific Revolution - The Scientific Revolution was one of the most influential movements in history. It paved the way for modern scientific thought and a whole new way of thinking when it came to the state of nature and human nature itself."
},
{
"docid": "D3100413#0",
"title": "https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/08/how-technology-will-change-the-way-we-work/\nHow technology will change the way we work",
"text": "Since the dawn of time, humans have developed tools and technology to assist in the pursuit of our goals. Large shifts in technology have resulted in large shifts in social structures, and how individuals both contribute to society and make a living. The Industrial Revolution, for example, brought large-scale changes to our socio-economic structures and the kinds of work people did. Today, technological advances are rapidly making it possible to automate much of the work currently carried out by humans. This applies to both blue-collar jobs, through robotics and the Internet of Things, and white-collar work, through artificial intelligence. The wide applicability of these technologies has led to broad concern about the destruction of jobs. Indeed, according to a 2014 Oxford study, 47% of jobs in the US could be replaced by automated processes in the next two decades. Of course, as many have noted, while technology has always removed the need for some types of jobs, it also creates new ones. Technology is a set of tools that we use in different ways to increase efficiency. The Industrial Revolution destroyed some jobs but created many more."
},
{
"docid": "D1420356#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_effects_did_the_transportation_Revolution_have_on_the_US_economy\nWhat effects did the transportation Revolution have on the US economy?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of Europe History of England Industrial Revolution What effects did the transportation Revolution have on the US economy? Flag What effects did the transportation Revolution have on the US economy? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. Rapid growth in the speed of traveling. A boom in business across the country2 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No How does music effect the US economy? Music is the most important thing in the world in my opinion and I know plenty of others like myself. With all the people who are interested in music these days, alot of the U …Luvthetheatre268 10 Contributions What effect did the second Industrial Revolution have on transportation? Personal transport became affordable Actually not that the above is totally wrong but the more specific reason would be that it made the need to invest in new road systems …How did the Industrial Revolution affect the US economy? The industrial revolution transformed economies from beingprimarily agricultural to being industrial and higher tech."
},
{
"docid": "D2158127#0",
"title": "http://freesociologybooks.com/Introduction_To_Sociology/01_History_and_Introduction.php\nThis New Science of Societies: Sociology",
"text": "\"This New Science of Societies: Sociology Sociology is a relatively new discipline in comparison to chemistry, math, biology, philosophy and other disciplines that trace back thousands of years. Sociology began as an intellectual/philosophical effort by a French man named Auguste Comte (born 1798 and died 1857). He is considered the founder of sociology and coined \"\"Sociology.\"\" Comte's Definition of Sociology is the science of society. In his observation Comte believed that society's knowledge passed through 3 stages which he observed in France. His life came in what he called the positivism stage (science-based). Positivism is the objective and value-free observation, comparison, and experimentation applied to scientific inquiry. Positivism was Comte's way of describing the science needed for sociology to takes its place among the other scientific disciplines. His core work, \"\"The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte\"\" was translated by a British-born philosopher named Harriet Martineau (1802-1876). She literally clarified Comte's original writing as she condensed it into a concise English language version."
},
{
"docid": "D452733#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution/history\nIndustrial Revolution",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Industrial Revolution/history)navigation search A Roberts loom in a weaving shed in 1835. Textiles were the leading industry of the Industrial Revolution and mechanized factories, powered by a central water wheel or steam engine, were the new workplace. The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, the increasing use of steam power, the development of machine tools and the rise of the factory system. Textiles were the dominant industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, value of output and capital invested. The textile industry was also the first to use modern production methods. [ 1]: 40The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, and many of the technological innovations were of British origin. [ 2] By the mid-18th century Britain was the world's leading commercial nation [3], controlling a global trading empire with colonies in North America and Africa, and with some political influence on the Indian subcontinent, through the activities of the East India Company. [ 4] The development of trade and the rise of business were major causes of the Industrial Revolution. [ 1]: 15The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in history; almost every aspect of daily life was influenced in some way."
},
{
"docid": "D653502#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_industry_did_the_spinning_jenny_and_the_flying_shuttle_help\nWhat impact did the spinning jenny have on the Industrial Revolution?",
"text": "\"What impact did the spinning jenny have on the Industrial Revolution? A positive impact is that the spinning jenny could make clothes faster and easier, by making multiple spools of yarn at a time. A negative impact is that spinning wheel makers …What impact did the flying shuttle have on the Industrial Revolution? It changed the manual labor based weaving industry into a mechanized industry, with many weavers becoming unemployed and John Kay getting death threat. Edit How did the spinning jenny help society?it helped people to spin several threads at a time. and it even lowered the cost of fabric Edit How did the spinning jenny help people?help people weave faster Edit Dustinlewis101 90 Contributions The flying shuttle and the spinning jenny are two inventions that improved which industry? Cloth making. Edit Who did the spinning jenny help?it help people by weaving faster so it can make people in the old days have an easier life Edit In which industry are the flying shuttle and spinning jenny?nasa\"\"s space program Edit How did the flying shuttle improve the textile industry? It speeded up making Cotten but splitting three threads into one Edit How did the spinning jenny change industry?they hmped Edit What can you do with Spinning Jenny? With the spinning jenny you could make clothes faster and easier, the inventor, James Hargreaves, created this invention in 1764."
},
{
"docid": "D3414806#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_did_the_cotton_gin_change_the_texile_industry\nHow did the cotton gin change the texile industry?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Business & Finance Business and Industry Industries and Professions Manufacturing How did the cotton gin change the texile industry? Flag How did the cotton gin change the texile industry? Answer by Sowhatofit Confidence votes 180Nova Net Review Test Answer: The process of separating seeds from cotton was made easier.2 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No How did the cotton gin change the South? The cotton gin changed the south because slaves did not have to doas much work. The cotton gin allowed the southerners to producemore cotton. It also increased the slave trade …Answers Publisher 49,340 Contributions How did the cotton gin change the textile industry? The cotton gin change the textile industry by making it possible for cotton to be processed at a faster rate. This helped to make clothing and other items made using cotton mo …What changes have been made to the cotton gin?the changes of the cotton gins are that they are now computer monitated and bigger to handle bigger jobs . What industry did the cotton gin improve?"
},
{
"docid": "D968959#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_did_the_Industrial_Revolution_change_society\nHow did the Industrial Revolution change society?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of Europe History of England Industrial Revolution How did the Industrial Revolution change society? Flag How did the Industrial Revolution change society? Answer by Madi Golden Confidence votes 115Before the Industrial Revolution, all work was done by hand, and now it is mainly done by machines. Also, when the Industrial Revolution came, the style of living for everyone changed creating other classes, other than \"\"Rich\"\" and \"\"Poor\"\"; it helped create the \"\"Middle Class.\"\" The industrial revolution changed the way many people lived and worked due to rural to urban migration, stable wages, and mass production which led to cheaper products.26 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No How did the Industrial Revolution change the way in which society functions? It changed in a way that many peopple had jobs and factories were coming in especially in Great Britian.. ^^^ is simplified. ACTUALLY the way it changed lifestyles is kind of …How did the Industrial Revolution affect American society?well the industrial revolution changed how we live today and also how we get around and all of our new inventions we use today was used back then and made back then so we can …How did the onset of the industrial revolution change American society in the north?nothing changed at all!How did the Industrial Revolution hurt society? The Industrial Revolution created a large amount of pollution thatwas harmful to the environment. Workers also spent less time withfamilies and more time in factories that wer …Tokijitza 42 Contributions What were the consequences of the Industrial Revolution for western society?"
},
{
"docid": "D2164370#0",
"title": "https://webs.bcp.org/sites/vcleary/modernworldhistorytextbook/industrialrevolution/Introduction.html\nIntroduction to the Industrial Revolution",
"text": "Introduction to the Industrial Revolution Why Study the Industrial Revolution? The Industrial Revolution resulted in the most profound, far-reaching changes in the history of humanity. And its influence continues to sweep through our lives today. The last 250 years of industrialization have altered our lives more than any event or development in the past 12,000 years: in where we live, how we work, what we wear, what we eat, what we do for fun, how we are educated, how long we live and how many children we have. The Industrial Revolution provided the countries that first adopted it with the technological and economic advantages necessary to eventually rule most of the world. In short, the Industrial Revolution is the “game changer” of modern world history. More than anything else, it’s what makes the modern world, well, “modern. ”Consider a few global consequences of industrialization. When the Industrial Revolution started in the 18th century, the great majority of people lived in the countryside. But, the growth of cities coincided with the growth of industry, and rapid urbanization continues to increase in contemporary times."
},
{
"docid": "D2405269#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_impact_of_industrialization_on_society\nWhat is the impact of industrialization on society?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of Europe History of England Industrial Revolution What is the impact of industrialization on society? Flag What is the impact of industrialization on society? Answer by Roger maris Confidence votes 42Industrialization brought us many technological advancements. A few of those were being able to utilize a faster, safer, and easier way of transportation. Many of the factory workers, used to making everything by hand, were able to work at ease with the help of machines during the industrial revolution.15 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Mellith 61 Contributions What are the impact of industrialization on the society? Obviously, there were new technologies such as the steam engine by James Watt. This allowed for the expansion of the railroad. One of the major impacts of the railroad was acc …Jsa9311 2 Contributions What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution on society? It gave people many jobs in the industries, it made goods faster and cheaper, and it made transportation quicker and more efficient than before due to the improvements of the …How did the Industrial Revolution impact society?"
},
{
"docid": "D1636543#0",
"title": "https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/European_History/Age_Of_Revolutions\nEuropean History/Age Of Revolutions",
"text": "\"The early nineteenth century was dominated by the aftermath of the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars. Although Napoleon was defeated in 1815 and the Bourbon monarchy restored to France, many European states were transformed by the 25 years of conflict. States such as Prussia, Austria and the Netherlands found themselves expanded by the peace settlement of 1815. Conversely, other countries, most notably Poland, were dissolved in this process of state consolidation. These national upheavals were accompanied by a heightened sense of nationalism amongst the population of many states, which had been encouraged by Enlightenment ideas, spread throughout Europe by the Napoleonic conquests. In the decades following the peace of 1815 many European countries were beset by social conflicts as the populations sought to assert their rights against the often autocratic rulers of their states. This was to produce what the historian Eric Hobsbawn has dubbed the Age of Revolutions, as the tensions within states were to frequently erupt into large-scale political upheavals, such as the French revolutions of 1830 and 1848. Contents [ hide ]1 Europe in the Age of Revolutions1.1 Belgium1.2 France1.2.1 The 1848 Revolution and Louis Napoleon1.3 Great Britain1.3.1 British Corn Laws1.4 Spain1.5 1848 Revolutions in the Rest of Europe1.6 The Era of Realpolitik2 Industrial Revolution2.1 The Prefiguration of Industry2.2 Beginnings of Industry2.3 Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution2.3.1 Thomas Malthus (1766–1834)2.3.2 David Ricardo (1772-1823)2.4 British Working Class Responses to Industrialisation2.4.1 Luddism2.4.2 Trade Unionism2.4.3 Chartism3 Society and Culture3.1 Capitalism3.2 Republicanism3.3 Liberalism3.4 Conservatism3.5 Socialism3.5.1 Henri de Saint-Simon3.5.2 Charles Fourier3.5.3 Robert Owen3.5.4 Karl Marx (1818-1883)3.6 Utilitarianism3.7 Nationalism3.8 Romantic Art3.8.1 Francisco Goya (1746-1828)3.8.2 Delacroix Europe in the Age of Revolutions [ edit]Europe was a turbulent continent in the period after the Napoleonic Wars. Although the Treaty of Vienna had tried to restore many European states to their pre-war states, the influence of the war years was significant, particularly the Enlightenment ideas that were spread throughout Europe by Napoleon's armies. The result was an age of revolutions."
},
{
"docid": "D663889#0",
"title": "https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/how-did-industrial-revolution-affect-people-how-136521\nHow did the Industrial Revolution affect people in how they worked and how they conducted business? A detailed answer.",
"text": "\"Expert Answerstimbrady | Certified Educator In addition to what has been said, I would add that the workers and their work became more \"\"alienated.\"\" Workers used to create a product from start to finish and then market/trade their product, often with someone who also created something from \"\"scratch.\"\" As the means of production came to controlled by fewer and fewer people (capitalists), many workers never saw what they produced; they contribued some small part to manufacturing (think of the workers on the auto assembly line), but never \"\"created\"\" something. They were often exploited (after all, the work they did was so \"\"mechanical\"\" that they could be easily replaced), and their \"\"interchangeability\"\" made them fear for their jobs. Perhaps as bad, workers came to see their co-workers not as partners in production, but as threats to their job/advancement. In addition, the repetitive nature of the work was deadly to the spirit of the worker (it's interesting that Ford modeled his moving \"\"belt\"\" on when he saw the workers at a meat packing plant in Chicago, where the meat \"\"came\"\" to the works ... sort of a \"\"disassembly\"\" line). He actually had an expert \"\"time\"\" each movements that workers made and set up performance standards for them that were much more interesting in profit than the workers. ( I have a source for the timing function, but it's in a book at school. I'll try to add it tomorrow. ) If this all sounds like Marx, it is ... check out the link below for more information."
},
{
"docid": "D2496534#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/1034904/chap-9-flash-cards/\nChap. 9",
"text": "38 terms mariasus Chap. 9Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort An increase in machine-made goods beginning in England during the 1700s. What was the Industrial Revolution? Small farmers became tenant farmers or moved to the cities, enclosures became landmarks of wealthy landowners, and landowners experimented with new agricultural methods. What was a result of the agricultural revolution?land, labor, capital What were the three factors of production required for industrialization?industrialization What was the main cause of the process of urbanization that occurred in 19th century Britain and elsewhere in western Europe?looked down upon How did landowners and aristocrats view wealthy members of the middle class?forbade engineers, mechanics, and toolmakers from leaving the country What did Britain do to keep industrial secrets from the United States?not personally responsible for its debts What was the benefit of being a stockholder in a corporation? A policy that let the owners of industry set working conditions without govt. interference. What is the laissez-faire policy?unions What is the name for the voluntary associations of workers seeking labor reforms?abolition of slavery, women's rights, and public education List examplels of reform movements."
},
{
"docid": "D2649663#0",
"title": "http://www.marxist.com/chinese-revolution-1949-two.htm\nThe Chinese Revolution of 1949 â Part Two",
"text": "The Chinese Revolution of 1949 – Part Two Print Alan Woods 07 October 2009Chiang Kai-shek in 1940Share Tweet+1In 1949 the People’s Liberation Army, in spite of huge military aid supplied to Chiang Kai-shek’s nationalist forces, took power and within a short span of time proceeded to snuff out capitalism and landlordism. The Marxists wholeheartedly supported the revolution, but they also warned that because the working class did not play the leading role, what would emerge would be a bureaucratically deformed workers’ state. The fall of Beiping By late 1948 the tide had turned. The PLA captured the northern cities of Shenyang and Changchun and seized control of the Northeast after a hard campaign. After a brutal six-month siege of Changchun that resulted in more than 300,000 civilian deaths from starvation, they forced the best-trained KMT troops to surrender. Chiang’s plans for a counter-offensive were now in ruins. The PLA not only recovered most of the territories lost in northeastern China but also extended the battle front into the Kuomintang areas north of the Yangtze and Weishui Rivers. They captured Shihchiachuang, Yuncheng, Szepingkai, Loyang, Yichuan, Paoki, Weihsien, Linfen and Kaifeng. In 1949 the Chinese People's Liberation Army advanced south of the Yangtze River and the end of the war was already in sight. Some so-called Trotskyists persisted in denying what was obvious."
},
{
"docid": "D10707#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution\nIndustrial Revolution",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search A Roberts loom in a weaving shed in 1835. Textiles were the leading industry of the Industrial Revolution and mechanized factories, powered by a central water wheel or steam engine, were the new workplace. The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, the increasing use of steam power, the development of machine tools and the rise of the factory system. Textiles were the dominant industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, value of output and capital invested. The textile industry was also the first to use modern production methods. [ 1]: 40The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, and many of the technological innovations were of British origin. [ 2] By the mid-18th century Britain was the world's leading commercial nation [3], controlling a global trading empire with colonies in North America and Africa, and with some political influence on the Indian subcontinent, through the activities of the East India Company. [ 4] The development of trade and the rise of business were major causes of the Industrial Revolution. [ 1]: 15The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in history; almost every aspect of daily life was influenced in some way."
},
{
"docid": "D1978524#0",
"title": "http://www.swsd.k12.pa.us/staff/neil_ecker/AP_World_History_syllabus.html\n.",
"text": "ADVANCED PLACEMENT WORLD HISTORY AUDITThe Purpose of the Course: Students will acquire and master factual knowledge as well as analytical, writing, test-taking and organizational skills. The course highlights the nature of change in an international context and the causes and consequences of change. Comparison of major civilizations over time is central to the presentation of the history. The periods or major units of the course concentrate on world historical events: World Migration and Neolithic Period to 600BCE, 600 BCE to 600 CE, 600-1450, 1450-1750, 1750-1900 and 1900 to the present. Course Description: For each time period, knowledge of major developments that illustrate or link the five thematic areas and of major civilizations in Africa, the Americas, Asia and Europe is expected. Knowledge of year-to-year political events is not required:· developments and interactions between humans and the environment (demography, disease, migration, settlement);· the impact of interaction among major societies (trade, systems of international exchange, war and diplomacy);· the development of cultures across the world history periods covered in this course (religion, ideologies, technology);· changes in functions and structures of states and in attitudes toward states and political identities, including the emergence of the nation-state (politics, empire, revolution).· the systems of social structure (comparing major features within and among societies and assessing change – gender, race, ethnicity, social class);In addition, the AP World History course addresses skills or habits of mind:· Constructing and evaluating arguments: using evidence to make plausible arguments.· Developing the ability to construct thesis statements and support it through evidence and argument· Using documents and other primary data: developing the skills necessary to analyze point of view, context, and bias, and to understand and interpret information.· Developing the ability to assess issues of change and continuity over time.· Enhancing the capacity to handle diversity of interpretations through analysis of context, bias, and frame of reference.·"
}
] |
620134
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what did the intolerable act do
|
[
{
"docid": "D3153439#0",
"title": "http://www.cr-cath.pvt.k12.ia.us/lasalle/Resources/8th%20Rev%20War%20Websites/Jack%20Nolan%20Skeeter%20rev%20war/rev%20war%20nolan%20arp/intolerable_acts.html\n.",
"text": "\"Who: The Intolerable Acts were imposed by British Parliament when King George III said, \"\"We must master them or totally leave them alone.\"\" ( Appleby 129) They were supported by Lord North. These Acts were laws that the people of the American Colonies had to follow. What: Act 1- Boston Port Act: Shut down the Boston Port. The Port would be opened when the colonists respected the British authority and paid for the tea that they threw into the the Boston Harbor. Act 2- Massachusetts Government Act: The charter of Massachusetts was changed by this act. Britain took away all town meetings excluding those to appoint officers. Act 3- Administration of Justice Act: Officers and soldiers of the British government's trials for murder could be held in England. Act 4- Quartering Act: Massachusetts authorities had to house British troops. Shortly after the Intolerable Acts, British Parliament passed the Quebec Act."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D707998#0",
"title": "http://www.naturalendocrinesolutions.com/articles/histamine-thyroid-health/\nHistamine and Thyroid Health",
"text": "Histamine and Thyroid Health Published November 3 2014Histamine is a chemical which plays a role in the inflammatory process, and also acts as a neurotransmitter. It is produced by certain white blood cells, specifically basophils and mast cells, although a few other cells can produce it as well, such as platelets and microglial cells. Some people have an intolerance to histamine, and as a result can experience symptoms such as itching, redness of the skin, hives, congestion or a runny nose, swelling, low blood pressure, arrhythmia, diarrhea, and other symptoms. In addition to talking about histamine intolerance in this article, I’ll also discuss how thyroid conditions can affect the production of histamine, and I’ll also talk about the relationship between histamine and autoimmunity. I’d first like to talk briefly about histamine metabolism. Histamine is synthesized from the amino acid histidine. It is dependent on vitamin B6, and so a deficiency in this vitamin can in turn affect the production of histamine. Histamine exerts its effects by binding to its four receptors (1), which include histamine 1 receptor (H1R), H2R, H3R, and H4R. Histamine causes smooth muscle cell contraction, vasodilatation, increased vascular permeability and mucus secretion, tachycardia, alterations of blood pressure, it stimulates gastric acid secretion and nociceptive nerve fibers, and it has been known to play various roles in neurotransmission, immunomodulation, hematopoiesis, wound healing, and day-night rhythm (1). What Is Histamine Intolerance? Histamine intolerance is due to an imbalance between levels of released histamine and the ability of the body to metabolize it (2) ."
},
{
"docid": "D2322071#0",
"title": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/toleration/\nToleration",
"text": "Toleration First published Fri Feb 23, 2007; substantive revision Wed Jul 12, 2017The term “toleration”—from the Latin tolerare: to put up with, countenance or suffer—generally refers to the conditional acceptance of or non-interference with beliefs, actions or practices that one considers to be wrong but still “tolerable,” such that they should not be prohibited or constrained. There are many contexts in which we speak of a person or an institution as being tolerant: parents tolerate certain behavior of their children, a friend tolerates the weaknesses of another, a monarch tolerates dissent, a church tolerates homosexuality, a state tolerates a minority religion, a society tolerates deviant behavior. Thus for any analysis of the motives and reasons for toleration, the relevant contexts need to be taken into account.1. The Concept of Toleration and its Paradoxes2. Four Conceptions of Toleration3. The History of Toleration4. Justifying Toleration5. The Politics of Toleration Bibliography Academic Tools Other Internet Resources Related Entries1. The Concept of Toleration and its Paradoxes It is necessary to differentiate between a general concept and more specific conceptions of toleration (see also Forst 2013). The former is marked by the following characteristics."
},
{
"docid": "D279462#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_purpose_of_the_Continental_Association\nWhat was the purpose of the Continental Association?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History American Revolution What was the purpose of the Continental Association? Flag What was the purpose of the Continental Association? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. The Continental Association was created by the First Continental Congress in response to the passage of the Coercive (or Intolerable) Acts by the British government over the American colonies. In essence, the Association was a group of representatives which came together in Philadelphia with the intent on deciding which of the Coercive Acts they wanted to repeal. In the end they adopted three actions which went against the Acts. The first action called for the non-importation of British goods after December 1st, 1774. The second was for the non-consumption of British products after March 1st, 1775. And the third called for the non-exportation of American goods to Britain and the British West Indies after September 10th, 1775. Despite the challenges these adaptations posed for the Colonists, they were carefully designed to appeal to different groups and regions across the American colonies.45 people found this useful Was this answer useful?"
},
{
"docid": "D598774#0",
"title": "http://www.ducksters.com/history/american_revolution/causes_revolutionary_war.php\nAmerican Revolution",
"text": "\"Advertisement American Revolution Causes History >> American Revolution The road leading up to the American Revolution didn't happen overnight. It took several years and many events to push the colonists to a point where they wanted to fight for their independence. Below are some of the key causes of the American Revolution in the order they occurred. The Founding of the Colonies One thing to keep in mind is that many of the American colonies were first founded by people trying to escape religious persecution in England. As the British government became more involved in the affairs of colonies, people began to worry that they would once again lose their freedoms. French and Indian War The French and Indian War took place between the American colonies and New France. Both sides allied with various Native American tribes. This war lasted from 1754 to 1763. British troops not only helped the colonists to fight the war, but were stationed in the colonies for protection after the war. These troops weren't free and Britain needed money to pay for the troops."
},
{
"docid": "D511229#0",
"title": "http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/worldwar1/p/jutland.htm\nAmerican Revolution: The Intolerable Acts",
"text": "\"Humanities ›History & Culture American Revolution: The Intolerable Acts Share Flipboard Email Print Boston Tea Party. Public Domainby Kennedy Hickman Updated July 10, 2017The Intolerable Acts were passed in spring 1774, and helped cause the American Revolution (1775-1783). Background In the years after the French and Indian War, Parliament attempted to levy taxes, such as the Stamp Act and Townshend Acts, on the colonies to aid in covering the cost of maintaining the empire. On May 10, 1773, Parliament passed the Tea Act with the goal of aiding the struggling British East India Company. Prior to the passage of the law, the company had been required to sell its tea through London where it was taxed and duties assessed. Under the new legislation, the company would be permitted to sell tea directly to the colonies without the additional cost. As a result, tea prices in America would be reduced, with only the Townshend tea duty assessed. During this period, the colonies, angered by the taxes levied by the Townshend Acts, had been systematically boycotting British goods and claiming taxation without representation. Aware that the Tea Act was an attempt by Parliament to break the boycott, groups such as the Sons of Liberty, spoke out against it. Across the colonies, British tea was boycotted and attempts were made to produce tea locally."
},
{
"docid": "D3171475#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_Toleration_Act_of_1649\nWhat was the Toleration Act of 1649?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Colonial America What was the Toleration Act of 1649? Flag What was the Toleration Act of 1649? Answer by CB31999 Confidence votes 8.6Ka Maryland law that made restricting the religious rights of christians a crime; the first law guaranteeing reliqious freedom to be passed in America IMPROVED ANSWER: Lord Baltimore was a Roman Catholic, but he had to support the Church of England. However, he wanted freedom for those of his faith, and he also wanted persons of other faiths to settle in Maryland. He believed that religious restrictions would interfere with the colony's growth and development. In 1649, the colonial assembly approved Lord Baltimore's draft of a religious tolerance law, granting religious freedom to all Christians. After the law was passed, a band of Puritans fled from Virgina and came into Maryland. Maryland became famous for its religious freedom.6 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Calvin.nichols 51 Contributions What did the toleration act of 1649 do? It guaranteed toleration to all christians."
},
{
"docid": "D1257164#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/24331706/coercive-intolerable-acts-flash-cards/\nCoercive (Intolerable) Acts",
"text": "9 terms lasykes Coercive (Intolerable) Acts ID- midterm Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Coercive (Intolerable) Acts The inotelarble acts were passed in 1770's in response to the Boston Tea Party, where the colonists dumped $10,000 of tea in the harbor. The acts were passed against the colony of Massachusetts until Boston could repay the money. The acts passed by british parliament closed the port of boston, banned all town meetings, and put General Thomas Gage as the new governor of the colony. The significance of the acts was that they unified the colonies together against England.when were the acts passed 1770swhat were the acts a repsonse to the Boston tea partywhat happened during the boston tea party the colonists dumped 10,000 british pounds of tea in the harborthe acts were passed against the colony of massachusetts until what until Boston could repay the moneythe acts passed by british parliament did what three things closed the port of boston, banned all town meetings, and put General Thomas Gage as the new governor of the colonywho was put as the new governor of the colony general thomas gagewhat did the acts close and ban closed the port of boston, banned all town meetingswhat was the significance of the acts they unified all the colonies together against england"
},
{
"docid": "D651719#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_quartering_act_require_colonists_to_do\nWhy did the colonists dislike the quartering act?",
"text": "Joeonesick 24 Contributions Why did the colonists dislike the quartering act? British Officers would knock upon the door of a home and then instruct the residents that they were to house and feed soldiers. The Quartering-Act was part of the intolerable …Peter Cranny 821,924 Contributions The quartering act forced colonists?to take in a soldier and house and feed them, also they made them pay for there own defence Lorinyoung 3 Contributions Why did the colonists not like the quartering act?because the colonists had to house and feed troops and they thought it was unfair because they didn't vote on the quartering act. How did the Quartering Act affect the colonists?the colonists had to pay less taxes . What was the colonist response to the quartering act? They were very unhappy with the ruling but accepted the stubborness of the British troops being housed in their own dwellings. How did colonist react to the Quartering act? The colonist were furious that King George III was making the colonist house the British Soldiers ( Redcoats). They thought it was unfair. Why did the colonist oppose the Quartering Act?"
},
{
"docid": "D3468983#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/9699972/government-chapter-2-flash-cards/\nGovernment - Chapter 2",
"text": "78 terms dailyp Government - Chapter 2Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort A regulated government ordered Government Signed by King John Magna Carta Allowed the Parlament to approve all taxes English Bill of Rightsa written agreement charter Government designed to preserve basic rights limited government Many years ago ancient Fought at Lexington and Concord minutemen A formal meeting called for a special purpose convention Complaints against British rule grievances Formed to solve the problem of trade Albany Plan of Union British laws that punished the colonists Intolerable Acts Protested the Intolerable Acts First Continental Congress An agreement between countries treaty Fair treatment under the law justicea person who speaks for others delegate Uprising in Massachusetts Shays' Rebellion Allowed the states to be mostly self-governing Article of Confederation Meeting to revise the Articles of Confederation Constitutional Convention Called for teh Unicameral Legislature in which east State would be equally represented New Jersey Planthe delegates who drafted the US Constitution Framers An agreement about how to count slaves when determining the populaton of a state Three-Fifths Compromise An agreement that Congress should be composed of a Senate with States equally represented and a House with representation based on a State's population Connecticut Compromise Called for a bicameral legislature with representation based on population or financial support Virginia Plan Prevented Congress from restricting the slave trade for 20 years Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise To change or modify for the better amend Those who opposed the ratification of the Constitutuion Federalists Having the approval or consent of all unanimousa ceremonial induction into office inaugurationthose supporting the ratification of the Constitution Federalistsa majority quorum What was the importance of the Magna Carta? It limited the power of the English king. How did English documents such as the English Bill of Rights influence American settlers? The government they set up in the US included the same rights as the English documents. In which type of colony did strict governors anger the colonists? the royal colonies What is true about the First Continental Congress? It sent a Declaration of Rights to King George. Most state constitutions gave power to which branch of goverment? legislative Why did Congress need money after the Revolutionary War? to pay its war debts Delegates met in Philadephia in 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation."
},
{
"docid": "D511226#0",
"title": "http://www.revolutionary-war.net/intolerable-acts.html\nThe Intolerable Acts",
"text": "\"The Intolerable Actsby Janelle Pavao The Intolerable Acts were a series of laws issued by King George III in response to the colonies' Boston Tea Party. The king began taxing products from the colonies, and they were not happy about this. They began to rebel in various ways, the most notable of which was the Boston Tea Party. Finally, the King became fed up with their behavior and issued the four \"\"Coercive Acts. \"\" An additional act, passed at the same time, called the Quebec Act, was included by the Americans among the \"\"Intolerable Acts. \"\" Even some British sympathized with the American cause. Here, a British cartoonist pictures America as an Indian woman having the Intolerable Acts forced down her throat. The caption reads, \"\"The able Doctor, or, America swallowing the Bitter Draught. \"\" The Coercive Acts The four Coercive Acts, meant to bring about the submission of the colonists—especially those in Massachusetts—were the Quartering Act, the Massachusetts Government Act, the Boston Port Act, and the Administration of Justice Act or the \"\"Murder Act. \"\" The Quartering Act The king forced the people of the colonies to take the British troops into their homes."
},
{
"docid": "D1600270#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/10188862/revolutionary-war-flash-cards/\nRevolutionary War",
"text": "\"80 terms dominicbrown1996Revolutionary War Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort The Colonies Organize Resistance to Britain Citizens began to form secret revolutionary organizations to oppose British rule Daughters of the Revolution and the Sons of Liberty The Stamp Act is Repealed August, 1765, Boston - men and women burned the records of the admiralty court and invaded the house of the stamp distributor - they called for either his resignation or his head (mob action)The Stamp Act is Repealed By November 1, every stamp collector had either resigned or promised not to issue any stamps Hundreds of merchants in the three major northern port cities New York, Philadelphia, and Boston signed agreements not to buy British goods until the Stamp Act was repealednonimportation Boycott of British goods The Stamp Act is Repealed Parliament repealed the Stamp Act in March 1766 - and declared the Declaratory Act - parliament's full right to make laws \"\"to bind the colonies and people of America...in all cases whatsoever.\"\" - and Parliament renewed the Quartering Act Charles Townshend new British colonial minister appointed Board of Customs Commissioners Charles Townshend created a Board of Customs Commissioners, reside in Boston - they would be paid by the fines imposed by the admiralty courts - the more they fined, the more they made The Townshend Acts Townshend Act also aimed at New York's failure to comply with the Quartering Act of 1766 - the New York assembly had been providing only part of the money needed to house British troops - the Townshend Act shut down the assembly until the full amount was appropriated American response to Townshend Acts the new taxes did not effect general people in the same way that the stamp tax had - the tax burden fell mostly on merchantsso..the revived the boycott of British imports Samuel Adams member of the Sons of Liberty - Bostonian Politician Tension Grows in Massachusetts in Mass., the customs commissioners were very strict and were opposed by the people, they sent for more troops from Britain The Boston \"\"Massacre\"\" March 5, 1770 competition for jobs between local laborers and poorly paid British soldiers during off duty times - fistfight - Crispus Attucks - one of the five men killed in the massacre Lord North Calms Things Down • Townshend died and was replaced by Lord Frederick North • British merchants were complaining about the colonial boycott of their goods - North convinced Parliament to repeal the taxes on everything but tea. • the boycott (nonimportation) movement failed and business was booming again. The Gaspee and Committees of Correspondence 1770-1773 relative quiet • British customs schooner The Gaspee • The colonists of Massachusetts and Virginia set up Committees of Correspondence to communicate to other colonies about threats to colonists liberties - by 1774 most colonies had also set up these committees The Boston Tea Party early 1773 - the East India Company, which governed the British colonies in India, North pushed an act through Parliament which would give the company a monopoly on the sale of tea in the colonies - leaving merchants out of the tea profit - the tea ships were turned back and the tea ships were unloaded -in Boston, Governor Hutchinson refused to let the tea ships leave without discharging their cargoes - December 16, 1773 a group of colonists threw 15,000 pounds of tea into the Boston Harbor The Intolerable Acts • 1774 Parliament passed a series of acts • Boston was under martial law - General Thomas Gage was appointed Royal Governor of Mass The First Continental Congress George III and Lord North wanted to isolate Mass, but instead they drove the colonies closer together - they sent supplies and information to Mass. The First Continental Congress all of the colonies except Georgia named delegates to a meeting called the First Continental Congress, Philadelphia, 1774The First Continental Congress` Congress was to decide what steps could be taken to defend the colonies against the increasing tyranny -The First Continental Congress • they denounced the Intolerable Acts • they agreed to boycott British imports as well as exports to Britain • they urged the colonies to form militias Thminutemen the colonists were preparing minutemen - (militia men), they were stockpiling guns and firearms Lexington and Concord • April 14, 1775, General Gage got a letter to fight the militia gathering arms at Concord - on April 18, 700 British soldiers set out for Concord, the colonists were warned, the reached Lexington (5 miles short of Concord) in the morning, and they were met with about 70 militia men - someone fired the first shot - they killed 8 minutemen and went on to Concord, took the fort and began to march back to Boston • 3-4 thousand minutemen assembled and fired on the British soldiers - they suffered three times as many consequences as the minutemen Why does America Revolt 1. liberty - political 2. simply transfer of power from far away British elites to American power class that wanted to consolidate its hold over wealth of continent - economic 3. the Enlightenment - philosophy 4. British bungling : Paying off War Deb Sugar Act of 1764 A. tariffs on sugar, coffee, wines & other imports to America B. specifically designed to generate revenue for British Gov't C. King George III & PM George Grenville D. post war depression E. Currency Act - forbade colonies to issue paper money F. James Otis, \"\"free from all taxes but what he consents to in person or by his representative\"\" G. eyes on larger prize: American Freedom H. no real resistance to tax materialized Stamp Act of 1765 A. stiff tariffs on virtually all printed materials - NP, legal docs, cards B. established Vice-Admiralty Courts to try violators C. \"\"Sons of Liberty\"\" - colonists adopt moniker D. virtual representation is English response E. a direct tax F. protests grew loud & violent - riots & mobs a. VA - Patrick Henry drafted VA Stamp Act Resolves b. Boston - Gov. T. Hutchinson's home destroyed Declaratory Act British Gov't right to tax and legislate in all cases anywhere in the colonies Townshend Acts of 1767 Charles Townshend becomes PM & drafts Acts B. Taxed goods imported directly from Britain for the first time mercantilism approved duties on other Euro Nations, not England C. Some tax collected was set aside for payment of tax collectors, meaning colonial assemblies could no longer withhold gov't officials wages to get their way D. Created more Vice-Admiralty Courts & new gov't offices E. Suspended NY Legislature - it refused to comply with law requiring colonists to supply British troops F. Provoked strongest colonial reaction yet Boston Massacre a. British stationed 4,000 troops in Boston (pop. 16,000) b. Soldiers competed with colonists for jobs c. Confrontations resulted d. March 5, 1770 1. mob pelts soldiers with rock filled snowballs 2."
},
{
"docid": "D1192114#0",
"title": "http://www.healthboards.com/boards/irritable-bowel-syndrome-ibs/887715-does-anyone-know-why-butter-would-cause-problems-ibs.html\nDoes anyone know why butter would cause problems with IBS?",
"text": "\"01-30-2012, 09:15 PM # 1Alex6657Senior Veteran (female)Join Date: Oct 2004Location: Canada Posts: 632Does anyone know why butter would cause problems with IBS? When I say \"\"butter\"\" I mean real butter, not margarine. I've never had a problem with eating butter before, but lately I get bad cramping and diarrhea from it. I'm normally only bothered by tomatoes. Does anyone else have trouble with butter? And does anyone know why butter might cause upset? Sponsors01-30-2012, 10:11 PM # 2flipfleury Senior Veteran (female)Join Date: Mar 2011Location: Westfield, Ma. USAPosts: 718Re: Does anyone know why butter would cause problems with IBS? Quote: Originally Posted by Imagine Lennon When I say \"\"butter\"\" I mean real butter, not margarine. I've never had a problem with eating butter before, but lately I get bad cramping and diarrhea from it."
},
{
"docid": "D1560843#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/13882047/world-history-chapter-6-flash-cards/\nWorld History Chapter 6",
"text": "\"74 terms brittanyyhopee World History Chapter 6Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort What is the Scientific Revolution? The Scientific Revolution was a time where people really started thinking about what went on in the world instead of basing everything out off religion. Why might people have difficulty accepting new ideas or ways of thinking? They are highly wrapped up in religion and were too afraid because of the consequences many people got for speaking up What are the risks of embracing a different idea? Persecution, ostracized from society, excommunication, put on trial, or jailed for life What are some risks of always refusing to embrace new ideas? No progress: Society would stay the same What changes led to the dawn of modern science? The changes that led to the modern science were the way of thinking was changed based on observation and willingness to question acceptable beliefs. Scholars used observation, experimentation and scientific reasoning to draw conclusions about the physical world What discoveries occurred in astronomy? Astronomy: Jansen invented the microscope, Copernicus developed the heliocentric theory, Kepler published the first tow laws of planetary motion. How did Copernicus and Brahe differ in their views of the universe?"
},
{
"docid": "D224579#0",
"title": "http://www.tea.co.uk/the-boston-tea-party\nThe Boston Tea Party",
"text": "\"The Boston Tea Party This section about the history of tea focuses on the Boston Tea Party and how it led to the American War of Independence. Jump to: Tea - the drink that changed America forever Surplus stock, taxation and the 1773 Tea Act American tea substitutes Four ships set sail for Boston... Tea overboard The spark of unrest against the Intolerable Acts Tea - the drink that changed America forever Nowadays tea is thoroughly associated with the British, and taking time for a cup of tea is considered by millions to be a moment of calm and enjoyment in our hectic lives. It seems a little incongruous to remember that a little over 250 years ago, tea was such a hot political issue in America that it led to event that changed history forever. This was the infamous Boston Tea Party, a protest against tea duties in December 1773 that sparked off the American War of Independence and so eventually led to the United States of America becoming an independent nation instead of a group of British colonies. Surplus stock, taxation and the 1773 Tea Act During the eighteenth century, tea drinking was as popular in Britain’s American colonies as it was in Britain itself. Legally, all tea imported into America had to be shipped from Britain, and all tea imported into Britain had to be shipped in by the East India Company . However, for most of the eighteenth century, the East India Company was not allowed to export directly to America. But during the 1770s the East India Company ran into financial problems: illegal tea smuggling into Britain was vastly reducing the amount of tea being bought from the Company. This led to a downturn in its profits, as well as an increase in its stockpile of unsold tea. In an attempt to revive its flagging fortunes and avoid bankruptcy, the Company asked the British government for permission to export tea direct to America, a move that would enable it to get rid of its surplus stock of tea."
},
{
"docid": "D1186778#0",
"title": "http://americanrevolution-crusaders.blogspot.com/2009/10/american-revolution-revolution-or.html\n.",
"text": "\"10/19/2009American Revolution \"\"Revolution or Evolution? \"\" Was the American Revolutionary War revolutionary or evolutionary in design? You should discuss whether the Revolutionary War was a revolution or evolution. You should define either revolution or evolution in your answer. Be sure to identify reasons and events we have studied in class. You have to post an original paragraph argument and respond to three other classmates. Posted by Crusaders at 10/19/2009 08:49:00 PMReactions: funny ( 0) interesting ( 0) cool ( 0)183 comments: Colleen October 25, 2009 at 9:37 PMI believe that the American Revolution was revolutionary, hence the name, however, evolution, caused the revolution. The American Revolution was an evolutionary, the colonists’ attitudes gradually changing toward England. At the first stage, the colonists were on decent terms with their mother country. The role of the colonies was to basically supply England with raw materials such as lumber and iron, to England's factories."
},
{
"docid": "D2560305#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_were_the_Sons_of_Liberty\nWho were the Sons of Liberty?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History American Revolution Boston Tea Party Who were the Sons of Liberty? Flag Who were the Sons of Liberty? Answer by Lindalee Stuckey Confidence votes 8.1KWeeds are the bane of my existence! I have a Star Trek garden with 21 Star Trek named daylilies and many plants to attract butterflies. The Sons of Liberty was an underground resistance organization, that was made up of men and women (known as the Daughters of Liberty) from the New England colonies that protested the intolerable acts that the British government put on them. Paul Revere and Samuel Adams were two of the leaders. Most of the members came from middle to upper class families, so they had money. They relied on public demonstrations to get support on their positions against the British government. Most of the time they used non violent acts, such as boycotts on taxed goods. However they were not above using violence."
},
{
"docid": "D1284440#0",
"title": "http://www.stamp-act-history.com/category/timeline/\nArticles in the Timeline of British Acts on America Category",
"text": "Home » Archive Articles in the Timeline of British Acts on America Category Declaratory Act, Timeline of British Acts on America »The Declaratory Act What was the Declaratory Act? The Declaratory Act was a measure issued by British Parliament asserting its authority to make laws binding the colonists “in all cases whatsoever” including the right to tax. The Declaratory Act was a reaction of British Parliament to the failure of the as they did not want to give up on the principle of imperial taxation asserting its legal right to tax colonies. When Parliament it concurrently approved the Declaratory Act to justify its repeal. It also declared all resolution issued by the null and void. This …Currency Act, Timeline of British Acts on America »Currency Act of 1764Definition of the 1764 Currency Act The 1764 Currency Act was a law passed by British Parliament to regulate the issue and legal tender status of paper money in the colonial economy. This act was an extension of the that applied to New England colonies, the 1764 Currency Act applied the same principles to all British colonies in America. Why was the 1764 Currency Act passed? British law banned the minting of coins and the issue of official government money in America. To avoid this restriction colonial governments issued “bills of public credit”, …Currency Act, Timeline of British Acts on America »Currency Act of 1751What was the Currency Act of 1751?"
},
{
"docid": "D1097345#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_was_the_Tea_Act_important\nWhy was the Tea Act important?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History American Revolution Why was the Tea Act important? Flag Why was the Tea Act important? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time.1773 Act that gave a monopoly on tea sales to the East India Company. In other words, American colonists could buy no tea unless it came from that company. Why? Well, the East Indian Company wasn't doing so well, and the British wanted to give it some more business. The Tea Act lowered the price on this East India tea so much that it was way below tea from other suppliers. But the American colonists saw this law as yet another means of \"\"taxation without representation\"\" because it meant that they couldn't buy tea from anyone else (including other colonial merchants) without spending a lot more money. Their response was to refuse to unload the tea from the ships. This was the situation in Boston that led to the Boston Tea Party.3 people found this useful Was this answer useful?"
},
{
"docid": "D1504978#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/54933592/chapter-5-test-study-guide-flash-cards/\nChapter 5 Test Study Guide",
"text": "\"40 terms philliphkm Chapter 5 Test Study Guide Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Who fought in and who won the French and Indian War? England and Indians vs. French and Indians, England won the war What was the major cause of the French and Indian War? Dispute between England and France over the Ohio Country Why did some Native Americans side with the French? Because the French were not taking N. A. lands (French were not here to settle permanently), the French had a good trade relationship with the Native's and got along better with them than the English. English colonists were constantly taking over Native American land because they are in North America to establish permanent settlements. What was the Albany Congress? A meeting in Albany New York to unify the colonies against France and to try to persuade the Iroquois Indians to join the British against the French. Benjamin Franklin draws his famous \"\"Join or Die\"\" political cartoon."
},
{
"docid": "D2300364#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_first_continental_congress_accomplish\nWhat did the First Continental Congress accomplish?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society Politics and Government Political Office Holders US Congress What did the First Continental Congress accomplish? Flag What did the First Continental Congress accomplish? Answer by Datkidd09 Confidence votes 186The congress created the Articles of Association on October 20, 1774, which was a formed a formal and united boycott of British goods. The congress also demanded that the Intolerable Acts should be repealed and if they were not then the Colonies would no longer export their goods to the British.23 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Trcdnceccmec 15 Contributions What was accomplished at the second continental congress? The members of the Second Continental Congress were a less cautious bunch than the delegates to the First CC. Militants had taken many of the conservative places. Fighting had …What did the continental congress accomplish?they accomplished alot of things倩雪 金 6 Contributions What did the Second Continental Congress accomplish? To name George Washington commander-in-cheif. What were the accomplishments of the Second Continental Congress?the major acompishemnt was the decloration of independance What did the first continental congress of 1774 accomplish?"
}
] |
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what did the intolerable acts lead the colonists to do
|
[
{
"docid": "D483041#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intolerable_Acts\nIntolerable Acts",
"text": "\"This article is part of a series about the American Revolution1765–1783Origins Revolutionary War Declaration of Independence United States Constitution A New Republic Legacyv t e The Intolerable Acts was the term used by American Patriots for a series of punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 after the Boston Tea Party. The laws were meant to punish the Massachusetts colonists for their defiance in the Boston Tea Party protest in reaction to changes in taxation by the British to the detriment of Colonial goods. In Great Britain, these laws were referred to as the Coercive Acts. The acts took away self-governance and historic rights of Massachusetts, triggering outrage and resistance in the Thirteen Colonies. They were key developments in the outbreak of the American Revolution in 1775. Four of the acts were issued in direct response to the Boston Tea Party of December 16, 1773. The British Parliament hoped these punitive measures would, by making an example of Massachusetts, reverse the trend of colonial resistance to parliamentary authority that had begun with the 1764 Sugar Act. A fifth act, the Quebec Act, enlarged the boundaries of what was then the Province of Quebec and instituted reforms generally favorable to the French Catholic inhabitants of the region; although unrelated to the other four Acts, it was passed in the same legislative session and seen by the colonists as one of the Intolerable Acts. The Patriots viewed the acts as an arbitrary violation of the rights of Massachusetts, and in September 1774 they organized the First Continental Congress to coordinate a protest. As tensions escalated, the American Revolutionary War broke out in April 1775, leading in July 1776 to the declaration of an independent United States of America."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1583028#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_did_the_Crown_pass_the_so-called_Intolerable_Acts\nWhy were the intolerable acts passed?",
"text": "Anique10 3 Contributions Why were the intolerable acts passed? The Intolerable Acts were passed by the British Parliament, because they were deeply in debt , and thought the American colonies should pay part of the expense. ( The Intolerab …Anique10 3 Contributions When were the intolerable acts passed? In 1774 the Intolerable Acts were passed, by the British Parliament. Termitemc 1 Contribution When was the Intolerable Acts passed? The Intolerable Acts started in March of 1774. =). it started in march Why did England pass the Intolerable Acts?they were punishing the colonists for the Boston Tea Party The Intolerable Acts were passed to?punish Boston Why was the intolerable act passed?to help pay for the French and Indian war. Who Passed the Intolerable Acts?the man that loved it all Ally-O 3 Contributions Why did the Britain pass the intolerable acts? They passed them because the colonists rejected and forced Britainto repeal the Stamp and Tea Acts."
},
{
"docid": "D2621909#0",
"title": "https://www.apstudynotes.org/us-history/topics/declaration-of-independence/\nDeclaration of Independence",
"text": "\"Declaration of Independence Share Tweet Post Next Outline The Continental Congress In response to the Patriot’s defiant outburst and the destruction of British goods during the Boston Tea Party, Parliament enacted several laws to tighten its control over the colonies. The Coercive Acts, called the Intolerable Acts by Americans, punished primarily Bostonians but affected people in all thirteen colonies. The legislation increased Americans’ resentment toward Britain and galvanized the Patriot resistance. In September 1774, delegates from twelve colonies—the governor of Georgia refused to send a representative—met at Carpenter’s Hall in Philadelphia to fashion a common response to the Intolerable Acts. John Adams, George Washington, Samuel Adams, and Patrick Henry were among the fifty-five members of the First Continental Congress who discussed various ideas and drafted resolutions to address colonial grievances. One proposal, the Plan of Union, presented by Pennsylvanian Joseph Galloway, called for an American government consisting of a president appointed by the king and a council selected by the colonies. The American officials would regulate internal colonial affairs and possess the power to veto parliamentary acts affecting the colonies, but remain subordinate to Parliament and the Crown. Galloway’s moderate proposal was defeated by a vote of six colonies to five. Paul Revere then submitted the Suffolk County Resolves that rejected the Intolerable Acts and called upon Americans to prepare for a British attack. After endorsing the resolutions, the Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Rights and Resolves, drafted by John Adams."
},
{
"docid": "D2604367#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/18582678/history-flash-cards/\nhistory",
"text": "\"50 terms bshunneyhistorychp 4 test Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sortplace where washington's army spent winter of 1777-78 Valley Forgeplaced a tax on colonial newspapers and other printed materials Stamp act Thomas Paine wrote this to urge colonists to break from Britain Common Sensethis explained why the colonies should cut their ties to Britain Declaration of Independencefought on Christmas night in 1776 Battle of Trentonhighest official in a parliamentary government prime ministergroup of armed citizens who serve as soldiers militiato surround an enemy in order to force its surrender siegerefusal to buy certain goods as an act of protest boycottincident in which five colonists were shot by Brit soldiers in 1770 Boston Masacresecond meeting of representatives from the colonies second continental congressdocument asking king George III for a peaceful settlement to the conflict between the colonists and Britain Olive Branch Petitioneighteenth-century movement that emphasized science and reason as the way to improving society Enlightenmentrights that all people are born with natural rightspeople who remained loyal to Great Britain loyalistsbattle in which Washington surprised and captured the Hessian force Battle of Trentonseries of battles in which the Americans attacked Burgoyne's forces and defeated them Battle of Saratogaagreement that formally ended the American Revolution Treaty of Parisselling scarce items at unreasonably high prices inflationfighting that ended when Cornwallis surrendered to Washington Battle of Yorktown What was one result of the Battle of Saratoga? France decided to join the Americans against the British What are the Sugar and Stamp Acts examples of? How the British tried to raise money in the colonies What was a direct result of the Intolerable Acts? calling together of the First Continental Congress What did the Revolutionary War begin with? Battles of Lexington and Concord What is the idea of natural rights? rights belonging to all people because they are humanmost Naive Americans before the war: Distrusted Americans Why did the Americans win the Revolutionary War? they had the determination to outlast the British What were the British-American relations like before the War? The colonists began to question British authoritywhy did many colonists protest the Stamp Act?"
},
{
"docid": "D1311072#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_punishment_for_the_Boston_Tea_Party\nWhat was the punishment for the Boston Tea Party?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History American Revolution Boston Tea Party What was the punishment for the Boston Tea Party? Flag What was the punishment for the Boston Tea Party? Answer by Siri Warbreaker Confidence votes 633\"\"Sometimes, when you stepped in something foul, the only thing to do was stop walking and make the effort to clean it off.\"\" -B. Sanderson The Boston Tea Party was the beginning of The Intolerable Acts. It started with The Boston Port Act, which effectively closed Boston to trade. It was written that the port would remain closed until the tea was paid for. It was a blanket punishment, meaning it was directed at the entire city instead of just those that did the \"\"crime.\"\" It was an attempt to make an example out of Boston. Instead, it just created further feelings of resentment. The Boston Port Act was followed by The Massachusetts Government Act, The Administration of Justice Act, and The Quartering Act."
},
{
"docid": "D483044#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_did_the_Boston_Tea_Party_help_cause_the_revolutionary_war\nHow did the Boston Tea Party help cause the revolutionary war?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History American Revolution Boston Tea Party How did the Boston Tea Party help cause the revolutionary war? Flag How did the Boston Tea Party help cause the revolutionary war? Answer by Desto2345 Confidence votes 285The Boston Tea Party was the cause of the Revoultionary War, because it sparked rebellion in the colonists and was one of the main reasons for the Continental Congress to gather, which started the Revolutionary War by writing the Declaration of Independence. The Boston Tea Party was the reaction to one of the Intolerable Acts made by the British. The Boston Tea Party was the effect of the Tea Act, in which all tea incoming to America was severly taxed. The events of the Boston Tea Party sparked rebellion in the People, and was one of several acts that convinced the founding fathers to create the Continental Congress wich started the war.4 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Bhychiu89 2 Contributions What was the cause of the Boston Tea Party? The cause was because King George taxed all the tea. Why was the Boston Tea Party important to the Revolutionary War? Because they were trying to get their independence. ."
},
{
"docid": "D1482439#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/8564502/history-chapter-four-flash-cards/\nhistory chapter four",
"text": "\"42 terms ace-confettihistory chapter four Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Sugar Act (1764) Reduced tax on foreign sugar & called for STRICT enforcement of the taxes Colonial Response to Sugar Act Colonists continued to smuggle foreign sugar The Quartering Act (1765) Allowed British troops to use colonists' homes and possessions and eat colonists' food whenever they wanted. This Act was another type of tax that the colonies were forced to pay—colonists had to take British soldiers into their homes and provide provisions (food, laundry service, etc.) for them. Stamp Act (1765) • Placed a tax on many kinds of printed matter in the colonies • EX...deeds, wills, playing cards Colonial Response to Stamp Act • Protests • Sons of Liberty began to take action • Boycott of all British goods • Stamp Act Congress Why did the colonists Boycott all British goods in response to the Stamp Act? They knew this would hurt the British economy—mercantilism depended on colonists buying the manufactured goods Why did most colonists feel that the British tax laws were unfair? Taxation without representation\"\"--They wanted to be represented and to have a voice in the laws that affected them Sons of Liberty • Samuel Adams (from Boston--a leader of the Sons of Liberty—led the rebellion against the British) • Led colonial protests • Tarred & feathered, Intimidated tax collectors Stamp Act Congress • Representatives from the colonies met • Agreed to boycott British Goods • Declaration of Rights and Grievances Stamp Act Repealed (1766) Pressure from British merchants suffering due to the boycott led to the repeal of the Stamp Act Declaratory Act (1766) Stated that Parliament had the right to legislate for the colonies \"\"in every matter whatsoever.\"\" ( ex... Parliament had the right to tax colonists in the future)Townshend Acts (1767) Tax on tea, lead, paint, paper, glass Colonial Response to Townshend Acts • Boycott of British goods • Riots, colonial mobs What did the British do in response to the colonial reaction to the Townshend Acts? British troops were sent to occupy Boston (1768)Boston Massacre (1770) British troops acting in self defense killed 5 Boston protestors (John Adams defended the 5 British soldiers in court & they were acquitted)Colonial response to the Boston Massacre Propaganda was spread throughout the colonies Repeal of Townshend duties All except the tax on tea Gaspee Incident A British customs ship that got stuck aground -- Colonists burned the ship Royal decree Royal Governors and judges would be paid directly by the King Committees of Correspondence • Organized by Sam Adams • Created a network for communication throughout the colonies Tea Act (1773) • Created by Parliament to help the financially troubled British East India Company. • The Act granted tax-exempt status to the British East India Company Colonial Response to the Tea Act The Boston Tea Party The Boston Tea Party • Colonists worried that the British East India Company would become a monopoly • The Sons of Liberty dumped a ship's cargo (tea) into the harbor to protest the Tea Act What did Parliament do in response to the Boston Tea Party? Passed the Intolerable Acts Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts) 1774 • Closed Boston Harbor • Martial Law in Boston • Made General Gage royal Governor Colonial response to the Intolerable Acts • Embargo with Britain = NO TRADE • Formation of First Continental Congress First Continental Congress, 1774 Met in Philadelphia Lexington and Concord, April 1775 • The orders for General Gage's troops = to arrest Patriot leaders and take colonial weapons/ammunition. • \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D1603242#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_Tea_Act\nWhat was the Tea Act?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of Europe History of England What was the Tea Act? Flag What was the Tea Act? Answer by N.irons Confidence votes 82The Tea act was passed by the British Parliament in 1773 to reduce the tax on tea shipped to the colonies. The Tea Act of 1773 was one of many measures imposed on the American colonists by the indebted British government. The main purpose of the Tea Act was to help out the faltering East India Company, a key factor in the British economy. The British government granted the company sole control (monopoly) on tea being imported and sold in the colonies. The colonists had never accepted the fact that there was a high tax on tea and the Tea Act reignited their disagreement with it. Their resistance ended in the Boston Tea Party on December 16, 1773, where colonists boarded East India Company ships and dumped their tea overboard. Parliament was very angry and set up a series of harsh measures meant to stop Colonial resistance to British rule; two years later the American Revolutionary War began. On April 27, 1773, the British Parliament passed the Tea Act."
},
{
"docid": "D2432757#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/251651/chapter-7-flash-cards/\nChapter 7",
"text": "\"33 terms americanhistory Chapter 7Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort John Hancock Nicknamed \"\"King of the Smugglers\"\" ; He was a wealthy Massachusetts merchant in 1776 who was important in persuading the American colonies to declare their independence from England. He was the ring leader in the ploto store gunpowder which resulted in the battles in Lexington and Concord. These battles began the American Revolution. Lord North 1770's-1782 King George III's stout prime minister (governor during Boston Tea Party) in the 1770's. Lord North's rule fell in March of 1782, which therefore ended the rule of George III for a short while. George Grenville the British Prime Minister from 1763-1765. To obtain funds for Britain after the costly 7-Years War, in 1763 he ordered the Navy to enforce the unpopular Navigation Laws, and in 1764 he got Parliament to pass the Sugar Act, which increased duties on sugar imported from the West Indies. He also, in 1765, brought about the Quartering Act, which forced colonists to provide food and shelter to British soldiers, who many colonists believed were only present to keep the colonists in line."
},
{
"docid": "D1700945#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_colonist_call_the_Coercive_Acts\nWhat did the colonists call the Coercive Acts?",
"text": "What did the colonists call the Coercive Acts? The Intolerable Acts What was the colonists name for the coercive acts?intolerable acts were the name. Erika Felix 4 Contributions What was the colonists name for the Coercive Act? The Intolerable Acts Colonists called the Quebec Act and the Coercive Acts collectively the?penis act of congress What were the colonists reaction to the coercive act? They were not very happy! I found this while doing research on google! . What effects did the Coercive Acts have on the colonists?no Babycakes101192 48 Contributions Why were the coercive acts called the intolerable acts by the colonists? Because they thought the laws violated their rights as Englishmen Why did colonist call the coercive act the Intolerable Acts?it was another tax it was a slap in the face the colonists were angry What did colonists do in response to the Coercive Acts? They halted trade with Britain. Novalea Patton 1 Contribution Why did the colonists call the Coercive Acts The Intolerable Acts?"
},
{
"docid": "D3332413#0",
"title": "http://www.encyclopedia.com/law/legal-and-political-magazines/third-amendment\nThird Amendment",
"text": "Third Amendment No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. Quartering (or billeting) is the practice of housing soldiers in homes or buildings intended for other purposes (such as town halls or courthouses). The Third Amendment prohibits the government from forcing anyone to quarter soldiers in any house during times of peace, although building owners may agree to quarter troops just as they might rent to any person. The Third Amendment also bans forced quartering during times of war, unless a law specifically allowing wartime quartering is passed. By requiring a law to allow quartering, the amendment guarantees that only Congress, the legislative (law-making) body of the United States government, can pave the way for the quartering of troops, and then only during a war. Since its adoption the Third Amendment has not been the subject of much controversy. Unlike the First and Second Amendments, for example, the Third Amendment has rarely been the subject of court cases, protests, or political debates. Despite its quiet role in the history of the independent United States, the quartering of soldiers was one of the key issues leading to the American Revolutionary War (1775—83), in which the American colonies fought for independence from Great Britain. Ratification Facts Proposed: Submitted by Congress to the states on September 25, 1789, along with the other nine amendments that comprise the Bill of Rights. Ratification: The amendment was ratified on December 15, 1791, when Virginia became the eleventh of the fourteen states in existence to ratify."
},
{
"docid": "D2422511#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/7549921/us-history-test-2-flash-cards/\nUS History Test 2",
"text": "\"301 terms sbiser3US History Test 2From the Revolutionary Period to the Age of Jackson. Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Treaty of Paris, 1763 End of the French and Indian War; Encouraged nationalism - brought Americans closer together and farther away from England. Took a lot of land from France. Proclamation Line Created a boundary line (often called the proclamation line) between the British colonies on the Atlantic coast and American Indian lands (called the Indian Reserve) west of the Appalachian Mountains. Pissed off the settlers. Virtual Representation British governmental theory that Parliament spoke for all British subjects, including Americans, even if they did not vote for its members Sugar Act Law passed in 1764 that modified the 1733 Molasses Act thus reducing the amount of taxes collected on molasses and sugar, but increasing the measures to enforce the Act. Revenue Act 1935 - Increased income taxes on higher incomes and also increased inheritance, large gft, and capital gains taxes. Currency Act an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain (citation 4 Geo."
},
{
"docid": "D2419967#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/15231863/all-about-the-british-acts-flash-cards/\nAll About the British Acts",
"text": "\"16 terms Listening Daisy PLUSAll About the British Acts Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort What was the Sugar Act (Revenue Act)? 1765, a law that placed a tax on sugar, molasses and other such goods imported to the colonies. What was the Stamp Act? A direct tax, think of it as a tax on all paper (wills, newspapers, deeds, everything). It annoyed the people because it directly affected them, they had to pay for all these things. It was very hard to fake a stamp since they were very in What is the Proclamation of 1763? the thing that prevented the colonists from settling beyond the Appalachians. This law angered them because they wanted to go speculate the western lands?"
},
{
"docid": "D651719#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_quartering_act_require_colonists_to_do\nWhy did the colonists dislike the quartering act?",
"text": "Joeonesick 24 Contributions Why did the colonists dislike the quartering act? British Officers would knock upon the door of a home and then instruct the residents that they were to house and feed soldiers. The Quartering-Act was part of the intolerable …Peter Cranny 821,924 Contributions The quartering act forced colonists?to take in a soldier and house and feed them, also they made them pay for there own defence Lorinyoung 3 Contributions Why did the colonists not like the quartering act?because the colonists had to house and feed troops and they thought it was unfair because they didn't vote on the quartering act. How did the Quartering Act affect the colonists?the colonists had to pay less taxes . What was the colonist response to the quartering act? They were very unhappy with the ruling but accepted the stubborness of the British troops being housed in their own dwellings. How did colonist react to the Quartering act? The colonist were furious that King George III was making the colonist house the British Soldiers ( Redcoats). They thought it was unfair. Why did the colonist oppose the Quartering Act?"
},
{
"docid": "D598774#0",
"title": "http://www.ducksters.com/history/american_revolution/causes_revolutionary_war.php\nAmerican Revolution",
"text": "\"Advertisement American Revolution Causes History >> American Revolution The road leading up to the American Revolution didn't happen overnight. It took several years and many events to push the colonists to a point where they wanted to fight for their independence. Below are some of the key causes of the American Revolution in the order they occurred. The Founding of the Colonies One thing to keep in mind is that many of the American colonies were first founded by people trying to escape religious persecution in England. As the British government became more involved in the affairs of colonies, people began to worry that they would once again lose their freedoms. French and Indian War The French and Indian War took place between the American colonies and New France. Both sides allied with various Native American tribes. This war lasted from 1754 to 1763. British troops not only helped the colonists to fight the war, but were stationed in the colonies for protection after the war. These troops weren't free and Britain needed money to pay for the troops."
},
{
"docid": "D1131973#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/71858582/chapter-3-review-flash-cards/\nChapter 3: Review",
"text": "\"23 terms Jose-Daniel_Rosado Chapter 3: Review Hist. 1301 Chapter 3: Review The American Nation Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Navigation Acts Were a series of laws that restricted the use of foreign ships for trade between Britain and its colonies. Mercantilism A loose system of economic organization designed, through a favorable balance of trade, to guarantee the prosperity of the British empire. Mercantilism advocated possession of colonies as places where the mother country could acquire raw materials not available at home. The Enlightenment An intellectual movement of the eighteenth century that celebrated human reason and scientific advances and expressed doubts about the truth claims of sacred texts. Stamp Act Was passed by the British Parliament on March 22, 1765. The new tax was imposed on all American colonists and required them to pay a tax on every piece of printed paper they used. Ship's papers, legal documents, licenses, newspapers, other publications, and even playing cards were taxed."
},
{
"docid": "D1229350#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_and_Resolves_of_the_First_Continental_Congress\nDeclaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search The Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress (also known as the Declaration of Colonial Rights, or the Declaration of Rights ), was a statement adopted by the First Continental Congress on October 14, 1774, in response to the Intolerable Acts passed by the British Parliament. The Declaration outlined colonial objections to the Intolerable Acts, listed a colonial bill of rights, and provided a detailed list of grievances. It was similar to the Declaration of Rights and Grievances, passed by the Stamp Act Congress a decade earlier. The Declaration concluded with an outline of Congress's plans: to enter into a boycott of British trade (the Continental Association) until their grievances were redressed, to publish addresses to the people of Great Britain and British America, and to send a petition to the King. Contents [ hide ]1 Background and text2 Annotations of Resolves3 Reactions to the Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress4 References5 External links Background and text [ edit]In the wake of the Boston Tea Party, the British government instated the Coercive Acts, called the Intolerable Acts in the colonies. [ 1] There were five Acts within the Intolerable Acts; the Boston Port Act, the Massachusetts Government Act, the Administration of Justice Act, the Quartering Act, and the Quebec Act. [ 1] These acts placed harsher legislation on the colonies, especially in Massachusetts, changed the justice system in the colonies, made colonists provide for the quartering of permanent British troops, and expanded the borders of Quebec. [ 1] The colonies became enraged at the implementation of these laws as they felt it limited their rights and freedoms. Outraged delegates from the colonies united to share their grievances in the First Continental Congress in Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia on September 5, 1774 to determine if the colonies should, or were interested in taking action against the British. [ 1] [2] All the colonies except Georgia sent delegates to this conference. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2503838#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/49252624/american-history-flash-cards/\nAmerican History",
"text": "\"106 terms chollinger1American History Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort John Adams A Massachusetts attorney and politician who was a strong believer in colonial independence. He argued against the Stamp Act and was involved in various patriot groups. As a delegate from Massachusetts, he urged the Second Continental Congress to declare independence. He helped draft and pass the Declaration of Independence. Adams later served as the second President of the United States. Lexington and Concord April 8, 1775: Gage leads 700 soldiers to confiscate colonial weapons and arrest Adam, and Hancock; April 19, 1775: 70 armed militia face British at Lexington (shot heard around the world); British retreat to Boston, suffer nearly 300 casualties along the way (concord)Common Sense a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that criticized monarchies and convinced many American colonists of the need to break away from Britain Regulators These were vigilante groups active in the 1760s and 1770s in the western parts of North and South Carolina. They violently protested high taxes and insufficient representation in the colonial legislature.natural \"\"unalienable\"\" rights the idea that all people have the same rights from birth. Life, Liberty and Property-from John Locke in social contract originally and adapted by Thomas Jefferson in the Declaration and changed to Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happinessconsent of the governed the idea that government derives its authority by the sanction of the people Declaration of Independence the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain Treaty of Paris 1783 The British recognized the independence of the United States. It granted boundaries, which stretched from the Mississippi on the west, to the Great Lakes on the north, and to Spanish Florida on the south. The Yankees retained a share of Newfoundland."
},
{
"docid": "D1061344#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/4541983/chapter-6-the-british-empire-and-the-colonial-crisis-flash-cards/\nChapter 6 The British Empire and the Colonial Crisis",
"text": "25 terms johnperez22Chapter 6 The British Empire and the Colonial Crisis Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Thomas Hutchinson Massachusetts governor. his house was burned down in 1765 by stamp act protesters. he thought tea tax was wrong, but even more determinedly he believed that america had no right to flout the law. ordered boston tea ships not to leave until they unloaded their taxed cargo. William Pitt English statesman who brought the Seven Years' War to an end (1708-1778), The Prime Minister of England during the French and Indian War. He increased the British troops and military supplies in the colonies, and this is why England won the war. George lll I was the king of England during the time of the American War for Independence. Pontiac famous chief of the Ottawa who led an unsuccessful rebellion against the British, he led post war flare-up in the Ohio River Valley and Great Lakes Region in 1763; his actions led to the Proclamation of 1763; the Proclamation angered the colonists."
},
{
"docid": "D889319#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090924125115AA7LzSw\nWhat factors led the colonists to declare their independence from Great Britain?",
"text": "Arts & Humanities History What factors led the colonists to declare their independence from Great Britain? What factors led the colonists to declare their independence from Great Britain?. . . Follow 2 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Here is a quick History lesson. I am going to leave out some minor details but this is the big idea. After the French and Indian War, Great Britain gained lots of territories but lost lots of money. Great Britain did not want to quickly occupy this territory so they decided to Make the Quartering acts. The first quartering acts basically said that British Soldiers can board free at inns and stay at abandon houses. In order to make up for the lost of money. Great Britain put lots of taxes on imports and exports as well as other laws that limited Port Cities like Boston from making money off their ports. This led to the creation of the sons of liberty."
},
{
"docid": "D484737#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/13846213/history-test-chapter-5-flash-cards/\nHistory Test Chapter 5",
"text": "\"42 terms sydfor13History Test Chapter 5Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sortwhat powers did colonial governments have in the 18th century? the colonial governments had power to pass laws and create taxes. they also decided how the colony's tax money should be spent. they also elected their own assemblies. Which event of the French and indian war do you think was the most significant? why? 1) in 1755 the british sent 1400 british soldiers to virginia and the march there was a disaster. 2/3 of the soldiers were killed."
}
] |
620141
|
what did the invention motion picture camera do
|
[
{
"docid": "D1125460#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_camera\nMovie camera",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Director Zoey Tur with an Alexa-Plus digital movie camera on the set of SIS. The movie camera, film camera or cine-camera is a type of photographic camera which takes a rapid sequence of photographs on an image sensor or on a film. In contrast to a still camera, which captures a single snapshot at a time, the movie camera takes a series of images; each image constitutes a \"\"frame\"\". This is accomplished through an intermittent mechanism. The frames are later played back in a movie projector at a specific speed, called the frame rate (number of frames per second). While viewing at a particular frame rate, a person's eyes and brain merge the separate pictures together to create the illusion of motion. [ 1]Since the 2010s, film-based movie cameras have been largely replaced by digital movie cameras. Contents [ hide ]1 History1.1 Mass-market1.2 Digital movie cameras2 Technical details2.1 Multiple cameras2.2 Sound synchronization3 Home movie cameras4 See also5 External links6 References History [ edit]An interesting forerunner to the movie camera was the machine invented by Francis Ronalds at the Kew Observatory in 1845. A photosensitive surface was drawn slowly past the aperture diaphragm of the camera by a clockwork mechanism to enable continuous recording over a 12- or 24-hour period. Ronalds applied his cameras to trace the ongoing variations of scientific instruments and they were used in observatories around the world for over a century. ["
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D343953#0",
"title": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040162502004109\nOn the persistence of lackluster demandâthe history of the video telephone â",
"text": "Technological Forecasting and Social Change Volume 71, Issue 3, March 2004, Pages 197-216On the persistence of lackluster demand—the history of the video telephone ☆Steve Schnaars 1 Cliff Wymbs Show morehttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1625 (02)00410-9 Get rights and content Abstract Some radically new, technological products soar smoothly from introduction to stunning market growth, just as textbooks say they should. However, that is not always the case, nor is it even the most likely outcome. The case of the videophone is an extreme one to be sure but it offers six important lessons that apply to many other radically new technological products: (1) not every new technology leads to stunning market success; (2) just because the press says it will, does not mean it will; (3) growth often takes longer than expected; (4) growth often reaches lower levels than expected; (5) technological convergence is not a certainty; and (6) innovations involving complex systems face more hurdles to market acceptance than “stand-alone” innovations. Previous article Next article Keywords Videophone New technological product Innovations1. Introduction Some radically new, technological products soar smoothly from introduction to stunning market growth, just as textbooks say they should. However, that is not always the case, nor is it even the most likely outcome. Literature suggests a variety of innovation impediments, e.g., firm-related ones, including lack of innovation experience, market and consumer knowledge, distribution channels, etc. ; product-related problems related to the lack of technical skills, development costs, development time, etc. [ 1]; and process problems related to product development cycles [2,3]. Bottom line, many technological products disappoint in terms of both speed and extent of market acceptance. Some take longer than expected to attract large numbers of paying customers."
},
{
"docid": "D3436784#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/art/history-of-the-motion-picture/The-pre-World-War-II-sound-era\nThe pre-World War II sound era",
"text": "The pre-World War II sound era Introduction of sound The idea of combining motion pictures and sound had been around since the invention of the cinema itself: Thomas Edison had commissioned the Kinetograph to provide visual images for his phonograph, and William Dickson had actually synchronized the two machines in a device briefly marketed in the 1890s as the Kinetophone. Léon Gaumont’s Chronophone in France and Cecil Hepworth’s Vivaphone system in England employed a similar technology, and each was used to produce hundreds of synchronized shorts between 1902 and 1912. In Germany producer-director Oskar Messter began to release all of his films with recorded musical scores as early as 1908. By the time the feature had become the dominant film form in the West, producers regularly commissioned orchestral scores to accompany prestigious productions, and virtually all films were accompanied by cue sheets suggesting appropriate musical selections for performance during exhibition. Actual recorded sound required amplification for sustained periods of use, however, which became possible only after Lee De Forest ’s perfection in 1907 of the Audion tube, a three-element, or triode, vacuum tube that magnified sound and drove it through speakers so that it could be heard by a large audience. In 1919 De Forest developed an optical sound-on-film process patented as Phonofilm, and between 1923 and 1927 he made more than 1,000 synchronized sound shorts for release to specially wired theatres. The public was widely interested in these films, but the major Hollywood producers, to whom De Forest vainly tried to sell his system, were not: they viewed “talking pictures” as an expensive novelty with little potential return. By that time, Western Electric, the manufacturing subsidiary of American Telephone & Telegraph Company, had perfected a sophisticated sound-on-disc system called Vitaphone, which their representatives attempted to market to Hollywood in 1925. Like De Forest, they were rebuffed by the major studios, but Warner Brothers, then a minor studio in the midst of aggressive expansion, bought both the system and the right to sublease it to other producers. Warner Brothers had no more faith in talking pictures than did the major studios but thought that the novelty could be exploited for short-term profits."
},
{
"docid": "D1811196#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_film\nHistory of film",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the history of film as an artistic medium. For the history of motion-picture technology, see History of film technology. Part of a series on Filmmaking Development [show]Pre-production [show]Production [show]Post-production [show]Distribution [show]Related topics [show]Glossary [show]See also [show]Film portalv t e Cinématographe Lumière at the Institut Lumière in Lyon, France Years in film1870s1880s [hide]1880 1881 1882 1883 18841885 1886 1887 1888 18891890s [hide]1890 1891 1892 1893 18941895 1896 1897 1898 18991900s [hide]1900 1901 1902 1903 19041905 1906 1907 1908 19091910s [hide]1910 1911 1912 1913 19141915 1916 1917 1918 19191920s [hide]1920 1921 1922 1923 19241925 1926 1927 1928 19291930s [hide]1930 1931 1932 1933 19341935 1936 1937 1938 19391940s [hide]1940 1941 1942 1943 19441945 1946 1947 1948 19491950s [hide]1950 1951 1952 1953 19541955 1956 1957 1958 19591960s [hide]1960 1961 1962 1963 19641965 1966 1967 1968 19691970s [hide]1970 1971 1972 1973 19741975 1976 1977 1978 19791980s [hide]1980 1981 1982 1983 19841985 1986 1987 1988 19891990s [hide]1990 1991 1992 1993 19941995 1996 1997 1998 19992000s [hide]2000 2001 2002 2003 20042005 2006 2007 2008 20092010s [hide]2010 2011 2012 2013 20142015 2016 2017 2018 20192020s [hide]2020 2021 2022 2023 20242025 2026 2027 2028 2029v t e Although the start of the history of film is not clearly defined, the commercial, public screening of ten of Lumière brothers ' short films in Paris on 28 December 1895 can be regarded as the breakthrough of projected cinematographic motion pictures. There had been earlier cinematographic results and screenings but these lacked either the quality or the momentum that propelled the cinématographe Lumière into a worldwide success. Soon film production companies were established all over the world. The first decade of motion picture saw film moving from a novelty to an established mass entertainment industry. The earliest films were in black and white, under a minute long and without recorded sound. During the 1890s films became several minutes long and started to consist of several shots. The first film studios were built in 1897. The first rotating camera for taking panning shots was built in 1898."
},
{
"docid": "D3145076#0",
"title": "http://www.biography.com/people/thomas-edison-9284349#!\nThomas Edison Biography.com",
"text": "\"Quick Facts Name Thomas Edison Occupation Inventor Birth Date February 11, 1847Death Date October 18, 1931Did You Know? Thomas Edison was considered too difficult as a child so his mother homeschooled him. Did You Know? Edison became the first to project a motion picture in 1896, at Koster & Bial's Music Hall in New York City. Did You Know? Edison had a bitter rivalry with Nikola Tesla. Did You Know? During his lifetime, Edison received 1,093 U. S. patents. Education The Cooper Union Place of Birth Milan, Ohio Place of Death West Orange, New Jersey Cite This Page IN THESE GROUPSCaptains of Industry Famous Inventors Famous People Who Made Scientific Discoveries Famous People Named Thomas Show All Groupsquotes“Opportunity is missed by most people because it is dressed in overalls and looks like work. ”—Thomas Edison Thomas Edison Biography.com Inventor (1847–1931)2.4KSHARESInventor Thomas Edison created such great innovations as the practical incandescent electric light bulb and the phonograph."
},
{
"docid": "D547582#0",
"title": "http://www.filmsite.org/pre20sintro.html\n.",
"text": "\"The History of Film The Pre-1920s Early Cinematic Origins and the Infancy of Film Part 1Film History of the Pre-1920s Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4, Part 5 Film History by Decade Index | Pre-1920s | 1920s | 1930s | 1940s | 1950s | 1960s1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s Innovations Necessary for the Advent of Cinema: Optical toys, shadow shows, 'magic lanterns,' and visual tricks have existed for thousands of years. Many inventors, scientists, and manufacturers have observed the visual phenomenon that a series of individual still pictures set into motion created the illusion of movement - a concept termed persistence of vision . This illusion of motion was first described by British physician Peter Mark Roget in 1824, and was a first step in the development of the cinema. A number of technologies, simple optical toys and mechanical inventions related to motion and vision were developed in the early to late 19th century that were precursors to the birth of the motion picture industry: [A very early version of a \"\"magic lantern\"\" was suggested in the mid-17th century by German Jesuit priest Athanasius Kircher in Rome. However, the official inventor of a usable device was prominent Dutch astronomer/scientist Christiaan Huygens in the 1650s. Like a modern slide projector (which has since gone out of date! ), its main feature was a lens that projected images from transparencies onto a screen, with a simple light source (such as a candle). ] 1824 - the invention of the Thaumatrope (the earliest version of an optical illusion toy that exploited the concept of \"\" persistence of vision \"\" first presented by Peter Mark Roget in a scholarly article) by an English doctor named Dr. John Ayrton Parisca. 1826 or 1827 - the oldest recorded (and surviving) permanent photograph made in a camera was taken by French inventor Joseph Nicéphore Niépce. He used a camera obscura device which captured and projected a scene illuminated by sunlight."
},
{
"docid": "D2330305#0",
"title": "http://inventors.about.com/od/weirdmuseums/ig/Edison---Photos-and-Drawings/Young-Thomas-Edison.htm\nThe Life of Thomas Edison",
"text": "\"Humanities ›History & Culture The Life of Thomas Edison Thomas Edison - Family Background, Early Years, First Jobs Share Flipboard Email Print Thomas Edison at the lightbulb's golden jubilee anniversary banquet in his honor, Orange, New Jersey, October 16, 1929. ( Underwood Archives / Getty Images)by Mary Bellis Updated April 20, 2017Thomas Edison's forebears lived in New Jersey until their loyalty to the British crown during the American Revolution drove them to Nova Scotia, Canada. From there, later generations relocated to Ontario and fought the Americans in the War of 1812. Edison's mother, Nancy Elliott, was originally from New York until her family moved to Vienna, Canada, where she met Sam Edison, Jr., whom she later married. When Sam became involved in an unsuccessful insurrection in Ontario in the 1830s, he was forced to flee to the United States and in 1839 they made their home in Milan, Ohio. Birth of Thomas Alva Edison Thomas Alva Edison was born to Sam and Nancy on February 11, 1847, in Milan, Ohio. Known as \"\"Al\"\" in his youth, Edison was the youngest of seven children, four of whom survived to adulthood. Edison tended to be in poor health when young. To seek a better fortune, Sam Edison moved the family to Port Huron, Michigan, in 1854, where he worked in the lumber business. Addled Brain?"
},
{
"docid": "D2126175#0",
"title": "http://www.cybercollege.com/frtv/frtv001.htm\nFilm:",
"text": "\"A n explanation of the new features in this course, including Answer Tips™, can be found here . Film: How it All Started T he motion picture today is the greatest medium of expression the world has ever known. [ It is] capable of giving life and form to all ideas, practical and emotional ... Its only limitation [is] human ingenuity. John Seitz, ASC, 1930I t started with a $25,000 bet. In 1877, that was a lot of money. Edward Muybridge, an Englishman tuned American, needed to settle a bet. Some people argued that a galloping horse had all four feet off of the ground at the same time at some point; others said this would be impossible. No feet touching the ground; how could that be!? The problem was that galloping hooves move too fast for the eye to see. Or, maybe, depending on your belief, just fast enough that you could see what you wanted to. ("
},
{
"docid": "D562559#0",
"title": "http://www.edisonmuckers.org/thomas-edison-biography/\nA Brief Biography of Thomas Alva Edison",
"text": "written by John D. Venable GODFATHER OF INDUSTRY“But the man whose clothes were always wrinkled, whose hair was always tousled and who frequently lacked a shave probably did more than any other one man to influence the industrial civilization in which we live. To him we owe the phonograph and motion picture which spice hours of leisure; the universal electric motor and the nickel-iron-alkaline storage battery with their numberless commercial uses; the magnetic ore separator, the fluorescent lamp, the basic principles of modern electronics. Medicine thanks him for the fluoroscope, which he left to the public domain without patent. Chemical research follows the field he opened in his work on coal-tar derivatives, synthetic carbolic acid, and a source of natural rubber that can be grown in the United States. His greatest contribution, perhaps, was the incandescent lamp – the germ from which sprouted the great power utility systems of our day…Although his formal education stopped at the age of 12, his whole life was consumed by a passion for self-education, and he was a moving force behind the establishment of a great scientific journal. The number of patents – 1100 – far exceeds that of any other inventor. And the 2500 notebooks in which he recorded the progress of thousands of experiments are still being gleaned of unused material. Once, asked in what his interests lay, Edison smilingly responded, ‘Everything.’ If we ask ourselves where the fruits of his life are seen, we might well answer, ‘Everywhere. ’”THOMAS ALVA EDISONThe Story of A Great American Journeying from Holland, the Edison family originally landed in Elizabethport, New Jersey, about 1730."
},
{
"docid": "D3176611#0",
"title": "http://www.toptenz.net/top-10-greatest-inventors-in-history.php\nTop 10 Greatest Inventors in History",
"text": "\"Top 10 Greatest Inventors in History76By Jeff Danelek on January 24, 2011 Engineering, History, People, Science How to determine who the greatest inventors in history were is often a passionate and, at times, even a heated debate. Many men can lay claim to having invented or, at very least, perfecting someone else’s obscure invention, making such a listing problematic at best. Fortunately, I don’t maintain any personal favorites, which will hopefully give me the ability to remain a little more objective than some people. I know that some readers whose favorites failed to make the list will consider their oversight a great travesty, but I really do try to do my best. To pick the top names, I’ve tended towards those who have the greatest number of inventions to their credit—assuming fecundity to be a better gauge of genius—rather than selecting only those inventors who came up with the most significant devices (although there is a degree of overlap between them). That being said, there are a few inventors not on my list who hold over a thousand patents each; they fail to make the cut, however, because almost all of their patents relate to minor variations on a single device (such as a computer processor, for example) or are concentrated in one specific industry rather than over a range of disciplines. Additionally, I do factor in the major impact some inventions had on society but gauge them based upon the degree of technical challenges they represented and the level of technology available to the inventor at the time. And so, without further ado, here are my nominations for the ten greatest inventors of all time.10. Leonardo Da Vinci Many will doubtlessly be surprised that one of the greatest minds of the Renaissance has fallen all the way to number ten, but that’s not an indictment of him, but of the times he lived in. The problem was that his ideas were so far ahead of the technology of his age that almost none of his ideas could be realized; as such, technically he didn’t really “invent” anything at all."
},
{
"docid": "D495574#0",
"title": "https://www.zmescience.com/other/science-abc/thomas-edison-changed-world/\nThomas Edisonâs legacy: inventions and discoveries",
"text": "Share Tweet Image: Value Walk If I find 10,000 ways something won’t work, I haven’t failed. I am not discouraged, because every wrong attempt discarded is another step forward. – Thomas Edison Edison is a very controversial character. Although during his life he patented over 1,000 inventions, he often receives credit for inventions he didn’t necessarily create from scratch but rather took the steps to mass produce. The reason why his genius is often disputed is that some of the inventions for which he takes credit didn’t actually belong to him, but were actually a modern, more functional version of other pioneer inventions. For instance, most people know Edison as the inventor of the light bulb, but he actually just modernized the initial design. His other major contribution was to the American spirit of entrepreneurship. Few people know that he was one of the founders General Electric — still one of the largest companies today. Some of his most important inventions are the light bulb as we know it, the telephone, the movie camera, the microphone and alkaline batteries.. Contents [ hide]1 The Stock Ticker2 The tinfoil phonograph3 The Electric Lamp and the Light Bulb4 The Kinetographic Camera5 Alkaline Batteries6 Cement7 General Electric The Stock Ticker While it wasn’t his invention per se, Edison did improve the telegraphy technology in order to make a universal stock printer. The gadget (at the time) was better than anything of its sort and it was purchased by the Gold and Stock Telegraph Company for $40,000 – a huge sum back then."
},
{
"docid": "D3227954#0",
"title": "http://www.precinemahistory.net/1870.htm\n.",
"text": "\"1870 ÉTIENNE-JULES MAREY - (1830 - 1904)Marey begins his initial studies into the possibility of analyzing the motion of birds in flight. His work was advanced by the photographic world’s ongoing efforts to increase photoplate (surfaces) sensibility. In contrast to the work of Muybridge who will photograph successive views of animals and humans that pass before a stationary camera, Marey will take his series of exposures on one plate, with one lens. E. J. Marey1870 HENRY RENNO HEYL ( - )Heyl gives us the Phasmatrope, which combines persistence of vision and posed photographs to produce an illusion of motion. It was styled from a magic lantern in terms of projection mimickery. An entirely synthetic illusion was the result of the Phasmatrope. Some have given Heyl the rights to claim the first to project photographic motion pictures, as an early promotional poster [ written from a letter by Heyl himself ] claims of the Heyl Phasmatrope. Published in the Popular Science Monthly of July 1898 by Appleton;“Among the earliest public exhibitions of photographs taken from living subjects in motion projected by the lantern upon a screen was that given at an entertainment held in the Academy of Music in Philadelphia, on the evening of February 5, 1870, and a repetition of the exhibition was made before the Franklin Institute at its next following monthly meeting, on March 16th, by the writer [Heyl]. The printed programme of this event contains the following allusion to this feature of the entertainment:\"\"This is a recent invention, designed to give various objects and figures upon the screen the most graceful and lifelike movements. The effects are similar to those produced in the familiar toy called the Zoetrope, where men are seen walking, running, and performing various feats in most perfect imitation of real life. This instrument is destined to become a most valuable auxiliary to the appliances for illustration, and we have the pleasure of having the first opportunity of presenting its merits to an audience."
},
{
"docid": "D2316458#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080316122958AAcuaDm\nWhen and by who was the Camera invented?",
"text": "\"Consumer Electronics Cameras When and by who was the Camera invented? All answers are welcome, if you know please be willing to give your answers.2 following 3 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Perhaps this may answer your question: The camera came in increments ... light (lens): 4th - 5th Centuries B. C. Chinese and Greek philosphers describe the basic principles of optics and the camera. 1664 - 1666 Isaac Newton discovered that white light is composed of different colors. 1727 - Johann Heinrich Schulze discovered that silver nitrate darkened upon exposure to light. 1794 - First Panorama opens, the forerunner of the movie house invented by Robert Barker. 1814 - Joseph Nicephore Niepce achieves first photographic image with camera obscura. However, the image required 8 hours of light exposure and later faded. 1837 - Daguerr'es first dauerroetype, the first image that was fixed and did not fade and needed under 30 minutes of light exposure. 1840 - First American patent issued in photography to Alexander Wolcott for his camera. 1841 - William Henry Talbot patents the Calotype process - the first negative-positive process making possible the first multiple copies."
},
{
"docid": "D1630089#0",
"title": "http://www.precinemahistory.net/1895.htm\n.",
"text": "\"1895 AUGUSTE (1862 - 1954) LOUIS (1864 - 1948) LUMIEREBefore their public presentation in December this year to paying customers, the Lumière's filmed a comedic scenario called 'L’Arroseur arrosé' (The Waterer Watered). In it was the Lumière gardener François Clerc, along with a boy apprentice working in the Lumière labs, Benoît Duval. The story was of course simple and along the more modern lines of 'Denise the Menace'. An image from the film was used in the background of a poster promoting Lumière films and their Cinématographe. The poster (right) depicts gardener Clerc and apprentice Duval on the screen in the background. Cinématographe Lumière Poster from 1895 (above)For a large, high-resolution image of this poster, click Here. Also promoted as 'The Sprinkler Sprinkled', 'Le Jardinier', 'Le Jardinier et le petit espiègle', and 'The Tables Turned on the Gardener' in English, this short film (under one minute) has been called the first true \"\"scenario\"\" designed to portray comedy on film however this claim is difficult to make. Eleven seconds of footage from 'L’Arroseur arrosé' (above)The frame from which the artist used to create the poster (above)The film runs a little under 49 seconds and whether the first of it's kind or not, it is a step beyond that of the Lumière's Actualités which were still being made by the Lumière's and their associates. The artist (Marcellin Auzolle) took one frame to use in his rendering for the movie screen the patrons are watching in laughter - that of Duval taking his foot off the hose and the water spraying up into Clerc's face. The poster is the first known to promote an individual film because of its use of the background screen image, however the image we have today of this poster (above right) is cropped and likely not the full original poster created."
},
{
"docid": "D987412#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_photography\nColor photography",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Color film\"\" redirects here. For the motion picture equivalent, see Color motion picture film. See also: List of color film systems A circa 1850 \"\"Hillotype\"\" photograph of a colored engraving. Long believed to be a complete fraud, recent testing found that Levi Hill 's process did reproduce some color photographically, but also that many specimens had been \"\"sweetened\"\" by the addition of hand-applied colors. The first color photograph made by the three-color method suggested by James Clerk Maxwell in 1855, taken in 1861 by Thomas Sutton. The subject is a colored ribbon, usually described as a tartan ribbon. An 1877 color photographic print on paper by Louis Ducos du Hauron, the foremost early French pioneer of color photography. The overlapping yellow, cyan and red subtractive color elements are apparent. A 1903 Sanger Shepherd process [1] photograph of Col. Willoughby Verner by Sarah Angelina Acland, an English early pioneer color photographer. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1662879#0",
"title": "http://www.ducksters.com/biography/thomas_edison.php\nBiography",
"text": "\"Advertisement Biography Thomas Edison Thomas Edison by Louis Bachrach Biographies >> Inventors and Scientists Occupation: Businessman and Inventor Born: February 11, 1847 in Milan, Ohio Died: October 18, 1931 in West Orange, New Jersey Best known for: Inventing many useful items including the phonograph and a practical light bulb Biography: Thomas Edison may be the greatest inventor in history. He has over 1000 patents in his name. Many of his inventions still have a major affect on our lives today. He was also a business entrepreneur. Many of his inventions were group efforts in his large invention laboratory where he had many people working for him to help develop, build, and test his inventions. He also started many companies including General Electric, which is one of the biggest corporations in the world today. Where did Edison grow up? Thomas Edison was born in Milan, Ohio on February 11, 1847. His family soon moved to Port Huron, Michigan where he spent most of his childhood. Surprisingly, he did not do well in school and ended up being home schooled by his mother."
},
{
"docid": "D867938#0",
"title": "http://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/famous-inventors/what-did-thomas-edison-invent.htm\nWhat did Thomas Edison invent?",
"text": "\"NEXTEdison's phonograph machine on display. Tricia Shay Photography/Workbook Stock/ Getty Images Today, young kids dream of becoming rock stars and movie celebrities. But before Thomas Alva Edison, people had no way of recording sound, much less capturing moving pictures. With 1,093 patents for inventions that range from light bulbs to cement, Edison was one of the world's most prolific tinkerers. Let's take a look at some of Edison's inventions that still inspire dreamers today: The Phonograph (1877) -- Edison earned his nickname \"\"The Wizard of Menlo Park\"\" in November 1877 when he invented the world's first method of recording and playing back sound. The Carbon Microphone (1877-78) -- Alexander Graham Bell may have invented the telephone, but it was Edison who invented a microphone that turned the telephone from a promising gadget into an indispensible machine with real, practical applications. The Incandescent Light Bulb (1879) -- Without a doubt, the light bulb is Edison's most famous invention. Scientists and inventors had been racing against each other for years trying to invent artificial light. Edison cinched the win by creating an incandescent bulb with a carbon filament that could be practically reproduced. The Brockton Breakthrough (1883) -- Once the world had light, it needed a way to power that light."
},
{
"docid": "D935086#0",
"title": "http://mindtrace.net/steve-exposure.html\nUnderstanding Exposure (Shutter speed, Aperture, etc)",
"text": "\"Understanding Exposure (Shutter speed, Aperture, etc)You can easily find a great deal of reading material on this subject, but here is my own little tutorial. It is gearing towards those with a SLR (Single-Lens-Reflex) camera because compact \"\"point and shoot\"\" cameras often don't provide full control of the camera and also aperture adjustments don't have the same effect on these camears due to their very small sensors. First I will talk about making exposures with a generic SLR camera (film or digital) and then discuss a slightly modified technique that people often use on a digital SLR to make the most of the digital format (commonly called \"\"Exposing to the Right\"\"). A camera controls the amount of light captured in 3 ways: 1) Shutter speed, 2) Aperture, and 3) Film Speed (ISO). On a digital camera the term \"\"film speed\"\" is not quite appropriate but still the concept is the same and people will still often say \"\"film speed\"\". You are most likely to want to adjust the Shutter speed and Aperture often, while generally you just want to keep the film speed low, so we will save the discussion of film speed for the end of this tutorial. ( For now, keep your film speed at the default setting and forget this setting exists. ) To force yourself to think about Shutter speed and Aperture, always take pictures using one of these modes: All SLR cameras will have icons on the \"\"model dial\"\" for Shutter priority, Aperture priority, and full Manual. ( Check your camera manual for the icons - note that Canon uses \"\"Tv\"\" to mean Shutter priority.) Your camera may have many other modes such as Program (fully automatic), Landscape, Sports, Portrait, and so on, but using these modes will prevent you from having to think about what your camera is actually doing."
},
{
"docid": "D3496313#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_invented_the_electric_lamp\nWho invented the electric lamp?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Entertainment & Arts Music Musical Instruments String Instruments Violin Who invented the electric lamp? Flag Who invented the electric lamp? Answer by Martinel Confidence votes 17.4KThe 1st electric lamp was built by Humphry Davy (an Englishman) in 1809. Thomas Alva Edison improved the invention and based his improvements on a patent he purchased from inventors Henry Woodward & Matthew Evans who patented their electric lamp bulb in 1875. Sir Joseph Wilson Swan produced an early electric lamp (1860), and in 1880, independently of Thomas Alva Edison, he produced a carbon-filament incandescent electric lamp. Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 - October 18, 1931) was an American inventor, scientist and businessman who developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric lamp.13 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Xboxbasher 4 Contributions Who invented the standard electric lamp?thomas Edison invented the electric lamp !!! no it was invented by a british scientist humphrey davies, Edison merely improved on his work, stupid American. Who invented the toilet system for railroad cars and electric lamp? Lewis Howard Latimer When was the Electric lamp invented?1879Robbb 62,719 Contributions When were electric lamps invented?"
},
{
"docid": "D1238333#0",
"title": "https://www.thoughtco.com/thomas-edisons-inventions-4057898\nThomas Edison's Greatest Inventions",
"text": "\"Humanities ›History & Culture Thomas Edison's Greatest Inventions How the iconic inventor's ideas shaped America Share Flipboard Email Print FPG/Archive Photos/Getty Imagesby Mary Bellis Updated January 20, 2018The legendary inventor Thomas Edison was the father of landmark inventions, including the phonograph, the modern light bulb, the electrical grid, and motion pictures. Here's a look at a few of his greatest hits. The Phonograph Thomas Edison’s first great invention was the tin foil phonograph. While working to improve the efficiency of a telegraph transmitter, he noticed that the tape of the machine gave off a noise that resembled spoken words when played at a high speed. This led him to wonder if he could record a telephone message. He began experimenting with the diaphragm of a telephone receiver by attaching a needle to it based on the reasoning that the needle could prick paper tape to record a message. His experiments led him to try a stylus on a tinfoil cylinder, which, to his great surprise, played back the short message he recorded, \"\"Mary had a little lamb. \"\" The word phonograph was the trade name for Edison's device, which played cylinders rather than discs. The machine had two needles: one for recording and one for playback. When you spoke into the mouthpiece, the sound vibrations of your voice would be indented onto the cylinder by the recording needle."
},
{
"docid": "D1853326#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Matrix\nThe Matrix",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the 1999 film. For the franchise it initiated, see The Matrix (franchise). For other uses, see Matrix (disambiguation). The Matrix Theatrical release poster Directed by The Wachowski Brothers Produced by Joel Silver Written by The Wachowski Brothers Starring Keanu Reeves Laurence Fishburne Carrie-Anne Moss Hugo Weaving Joe Pantoliano Music by Don Davis Cinematography Bill Pope Edited by Zach Staenberg Production companies Village Roadshow Pictures Groucho II Film Partnership Silver Pictures Distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures (United States)Roadshow Entertainment (Australia)Release date March 31, 1999 (United States)April 8, 1999 (Australia)Running time 136 minutes [1]Country United States [2]Australia [2]Language English Budget US$ 63 million [3]Box office US$463.5 million [3]The Matrix is a 1999 science fiction action film written and directed by The Wachowskis (credited as The Wachowski Brothers) and starring Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne, Carrie-Anne Moss, Hugo Weaving, and Joe Pantoliano. It depicts a dystopian future in which reality as perceived by most humans is actually a simulated reality called \"\"the Matrix\"\", created by sentient machines to subdue the human population, while their bodies' heat and electrical activity are used as an energy source. Computer programmer Neo learns this truth and is drawn into a rebellion against the machines, which involves other people who have been freed from the \"\"dream world. \"\" The Matrix is known for popularizing a visual effect known as \"\" bullet time \"\", in which the heightened perception of certain characters is represented by allowing the action within a shot to progress in slow-motion while the camera's viewpoint appears to move through the scene at normal speed. The film is an example of the cyberpunk subgenre. [ 4] It contains numerous references to philosophical and religious ideas, and prominently pays homage to works such as Plato 's Allegory of the Cave, [5] Jean Baudrillard 's Simulacra and Simulation [6] and Lewis Carroll 's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. [ 7] The Wachowskis' approach to action scenes drew upon their admiration for Japanese animation [8] and martial arts films, and the film's use of fight choreographers and wire fu techniques from Hong Kong action cinema influenced subsequent Hollywood action film productions."
}
] |
620144
|
what did the iron curtain divide
|
[
{
"docid": "D755532#0",
"title": "http://southwickresearch.com/Berlin/IronCurtain.htm\n.",
"text": "\"The Iron Curtain Divided Europe and Berlin During the time I was in Germany, Europe was divided by the \"\"Iron Curtain.\"\" Intense Communism controlled the lives of people in the countries to the east of the iron curtain, contrasted with freedom in countries to the west. The above map shows a proposed tourist trail along where the Iron Curtain once stood. Germany was split by the \"\"Iron Curtain,\"\" with Communist East Germany (Deutsche Demokratische Republik) [in orange color] on one side and free West Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland) [in purple color] on the other side. Berlin was stuck in the middle of Communist East Germany. It was an island of freedom in a sea of communism, but the city of Berlin itself was also split in half. At the end of World War II, Berlin (Germany's capital city) was divided into four zones. West Berlin consisted of the American, British, and French zones. East Berlin was the Soviet Union's zone. West Berlin became a popular way for people behind the iron curtain to escape communism."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1575053#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=1006053025788\n\"What did the \"\"iron - curtain\"\" symbolize?\"",
"text": "\"Politics & Government Military What did the \"\"iron - curtain\"\" symbolize?iron curtain quote from winston churchill. Follow 7 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: KEWL!Araya Starshine · 1 decade ago1 3 Comment Asker's rating The iron curtain was the divide between the Soviet Union and the free world. The term was coined by Winston Churchill. Rambo Smurf · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment The Iron curtain, symbolized communism..read about it here> http://www.victimsofcommunism.org/dixierock · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment Capitalism vs communismjs · 1 decade ago0 0 Commentcapitalism/communism in Russia Titus · 1 decade ago0 0 Commenthe United States stands at this time at the pinnacle of world power. It is a solemn moment for the American democracy. For with this primacy in power is also joined an awe-inspiring accountability to the future. As you look around you, you must feel not only the sense of duty done, but also you must feel anxiety lest you fall below the level of achievement. Opportunity is here now, clear and shining, for both our countries. To reject it or ignore it or fritter it away will bring upon us all the long reproaches of the aftertime. It is necessary that constancy of mind, persistency of purpose, and the grand simplicity of decision shall rule and guide the conduct of the English-speaking peoples in peace as they did in war."
},
{
"docid": "D804631#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_effect_did_the_Berlin_wall_have_on_Germany\nWhat effect did the Berlin wall have on Germany?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History Cold War Berlin Wall What effect did the Berlin wall have on Germany? Flag What effect did the Berlin wall have on Germany? Answer by Picobrandon Confidence votes 2.4KThe Berlin Wall divided East Berlin from West Berlin, walling in the Germans on the Eastern side so that they could not flee to the West and escape communism. The enabled the Soviet-controlled East German government to be even more oppressive. The conditions in the East continued to deteriorate while conditions in the West continued to improve. Much more could be said, but that's a quick answer. Perhaps someone else can add more. Actually, the above isn't strictly true. After the Berlin wall was built, Eastern Germany began to prosper because all of the skilled labour force had to remain on the Eastern side. Wester Germany did not benefit because of the above too."
},
{
"docid": "D1825234#0",
"title": "http://www.studymode.com/subjects/berlin-conference-1884-africa-page1.html\n\"\"\"Berlin Conference 1884 Africa\"\" Essays and Research Papers\"",
"text": "\"\"\"Berlin Conference 1884 Africa\"\" Essays and Research Papers Berlin Conference 1884 Africa Joey Evans History of Africa Essay #2 Significance of the Berlin Conference November 15, 1884 Portugal called for a conference. Organized by Otto von Bismarck, the chancellor of Germany and minister of Prussia, the Berlin Conference was created. 14 countries attended, including Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden-Norway, Turkey, and the United States of America. The main countries involved were France, Germany... Africa, Atlantic slave trade, Berlin Conference 783 Words | 3 Pages Open Document The Misrepresentation of Africa in Treaty of Versailles The Misrepresentation of Africa The 19th century was one of the most important time periods that helped shape the world into what it is today. Western European powers, such as Great Britain, Germany, and France, strongly believed in the notion that in order to gain more dominant global power, they would have to conquer new lands across the globe and exploit the territories’ resources. Throughout the early and mid 1800s, the nations of Western Europe upheld imperialism, conquering and exploiting... Africa, Atlantic slave trade, Belgium 893 Words | 3 Pages Open Document3 European Powers vs Africapowers regarding Africa between 1871 and 1914. ( 1997 #3) Introduction: Between 16th and 18th centuries European powers did not usually acquire territory in Africa and Asia but rather built a series of trading stations. European migration was growing and the population was gradually decreasing in Europe and rising in places that were being conquered. The rise of new imperialism (the control of one people by another can be political, economic or cultural-) began in 1800s in Africa but even earlier... Africa, British Empire, Colonialism 1791 Words | 6 Pages Open Document Berlin Conference Berlin Conference The Berlin Conference is a conference that was held in Berlin in an effort to reach and agreement among European nations regarding the distribution of goods and free trade in Central African Territories. The Berlin Conference had the greatest political imperial impact during the 19th centuries because the conference was where all of the European countries decide which pieces of Africa each European nation would get and this resulted in many new changes for Africa both positive... Africa, African slave trade, Arab slave trade 639 Words | 3 Pages Open Document Scramble For Africa Wilton Hayward Professor Brian Parlopiano History 101 April 29, 2014 The Scramble for Africa During the 1800s colonization reached one of its peaks, almost every European country was scrambling for any un-colonized lands."
},
{
"docid": "D1951037#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_did_the_Berlin_Wall_fall\nWhen did the Berlin Wall fall?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History Cold War Berlin Wall When did the Berlin Wall fall? When did the Berlin Wall fall? Answer by On the Wallaby Confidence votes 291KPassionate about all things Australian The Berlin Wall is considered to have \"\"fallen\"\" in 1989. Border crossing points all along the wall were opened to anyone who wanted to cross on 9 November 1989, following the conclusion of an international press conference in East Berlin, when greater freedom of travel was announced for people of the German Democratic Republic (prior to this date, East Germans were only allowed to enter the West under strict conditions). Earlier that evening, the East German government spokesman, Günther Schabowski, had announced on TV that East Germans would be allowed to travel abroad freely but didn't announce the date when this would come into effect. A huge crowd gathered in Unter den Linden in East Berlin and simply demanded the right to cross into West Berlin. The guards at the Brandenburg Gate were at a loss as to what to do. In the end they decided to let people cross over and merely put a rubber stamp in their passports. Then the number reached the point where even that was no longer possible. The official demolition of the Berlin wall began on 13 June 1990, and was undertaken by former East German border guards under a democratically elected government. ("
},
{
"docid": "D464299#0",
"title": "http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/2/america-in-the-post-war-period\nAmerica in the Post War Period",
"text": "\"The end of World War II was not just the end of a war, but also the beginning of a tense and dynamic period that affected society on all levels. This “postwar” period, as it became known, shaped the world as we know it today; likewise, the period was shaped itself both by the war that had preceded it, and the powerful forces that surrounded it. As the energy of fundamentally different ideologies—Communism and Democracy—collided with advances in science such as the nuclear bomb, a dangerous environment ensued that created an atmosphere of paranoia throughout the world and especially, within America. This atmosphere is known broadly as the “ Cold War .” While the Cold War played out step-by-step between the United States and the Soviet Union, it was simultaneously playing out in the everyday lives of the masses within their borders. Paranoia, nevertheless, was not an effect that followed immediately after the close of the War. In fact, the United States had enjoyed an extended period of economic expansion during the war, and following the war the U. S. economy continued with great strength for more than a decade. 1 Life in America, consequently, was arguably better than it had ever been. The middle class had swelled, unemployment rates were some of the lowest in history, and the “American Dream” was for many families a reality. In addition to the positive economic situation, the United States had become the most powerful country in the world; more importantly, America was the first and only country with the atomic bomb."
},
{
"docid": "D667985#0",
"title": "http://madincrafts.com/make-a-grommet-topped-shower-curtain/\nMAKE A GROMMET-TOPPED SHOWER CURTAIN",
"text": "MAKE A GROMMET-TOPPED SHOWER CURTAINSeptember 24, 2014 by madincrafts 13 Comments Please share!This is a sponsored post. I was given free material from Online Fabric Store in exchange for my work, but the opinions are 100% my own. I did quite a bit of in-store and online shopping for a new shower curtain for our bathroom, and I ran into the same problem I do with most shopping. The curtains that I liked were way too expensive, and the curtains I could afford were kind of ugly. I was a little scared to try making my own shower curtain, but in the end my cheap nature conquered my fears. At the end of June, I asked my facebook fans which of these fabrics they thought would look the best in our upstairs bathroom . The colors in the center square represent the paint color on our new bathroom wall cabinet and the wall paint itself. All of the patterns were slightly out of my comfort zone, which was exactly what I wanted. I wanted the bathroom makeover to have a little bit of punch! While I got a wide range of responses, more people mentioned liking the bottom right pattern the best."
},
{
"docid": "D2502796#0",
"title": "http://eastcoastcreativeblog.com/2012/05/curtain-solution-diy-painted-curtains.html\nThe Curtain Solution {DIY Painted Curtains}",
"text": "The Curtain Solution {DIY Painted Curtains}This Post Is By Monica 24 Comments May 10, 2012This curtain situation in my kitchen stumped me for the last month or so. I showed you the brownish-gray drapes I bought from Ikea first: And after living with them a day or two, (and asking for your advice. Thanks, BTW!) I decided to take them back because they made the room look dark. Then I bought navy drapes, also from Ikea, that made the room look even darker, so back they went. And so, it’s like I always say, when all else fails, go for the DIY! Well, maybe I never said that, but I’m going to start. Here’s what I ended up with: I loooooooove them. Color-blocked drapes for only 25 bucks! DIYing it lets you do your own thing and create something totally custom."
},
{
"docid": "D1618807#0",
"title": "https://www.everything2.com/title/Heartland+Theory\nHeartland Theory",
"text": "\"Heartland Theory ( idea) by Halcyonide Thu May 26 2005 at 13:06:06Sir Halford John Mackinder (1861-1947), a British geographer, developed the Heartland Theory in the beginning of the 20th century. He first published it in his essay to the Royal Geographical Society, titled The Geographical Pivot of History, in 1904. In the essay, he came to the conclusion that controlling the \"\"pivot\"\", a region in Central and Eastern Europe, would allow a nation to dominate the world. He further developed the theory after the First World War, based on the lessons learned from it. In 1919 he published Democratic Ideals and Reality, where he revised the theory extensively. As the balance of power in the world changed over the years, he gave the theory its final form in his article The Round World and the Winning of the Peace in a 1943 issue of Foreign Affairs . Mackinder thought that, after the 19th century, the world had become a \"\" closed system \"\". Colonialism had run its course, all the available land had been claimed and settled, and nations would have to fight each other to make any territorial gains. This would bring conflict back to the Old World. With steamers and locomotives the entire world was now one big battlefield, and to win the battle, the best position to fight it from had to be located."
},
{
"docid": "D1390048#0",
"title": "https://www.blindsgalore.com/blog/index.php/for-your-inspiration/the-ultimateguidetowindowtreatments/\nThe Ultimate Guide To Window Treatment Ideas",
"text": "The Ultimate Guide To Window Treatment Ideas May 6, 2013 by Katie23101090The Ultimate Guide to Window Treatments Whatever style of home you have, windows are one of the first things you notice and the way you treat your windows creates an ambience which enhances your particular style. Like all aspects of good design, I want to give you the best advice, ideas and photos to inspire you to make the best choice for your windows. Since I love windows, I have created an easy way to think about windows to encourage you to discover a new view. Remember that window treatments are simply swaths of material, arranged or draped or pleated over an opening to the outside, a space waiting for you to unwrap!CHAPTER 1: THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF WINDOW TREATMENTSLet’s get the basics out of the way. For starters, most window treatments can be classified as either blinds or shades. Blinds are technically hard window treatments composed of movable slats that can be tilted opened or closed when the blind is lowered. Shades are raised or lowered by a cording system or a spring component. Most of the time, I use blinds and shades interchangeably for ease as these two terms compose the largest category of window coverings. Blinds and shades are fully customizable, offer complete light and privacy control and have an endless variety of design choices and options. So many choices, so little time!Wood Blinds I initially think of wood blinds in a den or library, but really, they’re at home in most rooms."
},
{
"docid": "D1510787#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/17895875/chapter-2526-flash-cards/\nChapter 25/26",
"text": "\"34 terms slasay Chapter 25/26Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads1. What were the two countries at odds during the Cold War? Explain the economic and political differences between these two countries. From 1945 to 1991 the Cold War was a conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union2. Identify the causes of the Cold War. The Cold War was caused by the different political beliefs held by the U. S. and the S. U., the S. U. was upset that the U. S. did not open up fighting on a second front in Europe during WWII and that the S. U. refused to allow free elections to occur in Poland and other eastern European nations after WWII3. Identify the purpose of the Iron Curtain Speech given by Winston Churchill. 3. The Iron Curtain Speech given by Winston Churchill in Fulton, Missouri described communism as it spread from the Soviet Union to other eastern European nations after WWII. This speech only upset Stalin and increased tension between the Soviet Union and United States4."
},
{
"docid": "D2267478#0",
"title": "http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1965.html\nThe Domino Theory",
"text": "\"The Domino Theory Introduction The Cold War “containment\"\" notion was born of the Domino Theory, which held that if one country fell under communist influence or control, its neighboring countries would soon follow. Containment was the cornerstone of the Truman Doctrine as defined by a Truman speech on March 12, 1947. The Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, NATO and the United Nations then became the foundation of American foreign policy through the Reagan administration and beyond, for about 50 years. Background Potsdam. The Potsdam Conference, a meeting of the victorious Allied leaders in post- World War II Europe, confronted the delicate balance of power of two opposing ideologies: democracy and communism. The conference was held near Berlin in July 1945 and reunited Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, British prime ministers Winston Churchill and Clement Attlee, and American President Harry S. Truman. Potsdam also confirmed British and American suspicians about Stalin's intentions. The Soviet Union had been an expedient ally in the war to stop Nazi Germany, but there was little time to bask in victory. Stalin had already reneged on his promise, given at the February 1945 Yalta Conference, to allow free democratic elections in Poland, Romania, and Bulgaria. More importantly, the British and Americans feared that the massive Red Army, which occupied all of Eastern Europe, was poised to extend its influence over Western Europe."
},
{
"docid": "D2941579#0",
"title": "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080429054526AA7WCis\nWhy did they build the berlin wall?",
"text": "\"Arts & Humanities History Why did they build the berlin wall? Follow 21 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: The Berlin Wall (German: Berliner Mauer) was a barrier separating West Berlin from East Berlin and the rest of East Germany. The longer 'inner German border' demarked the remainder of the East-West German border between the two states. Both borders were part of the Iron Curtain. Until 1961 East German citizen were allowed to travel to West Berlin. Travelling to West Germany became difficult after closing the border between East and West Germany in 1952. The Wall was erected in 1961 because more than 2.6 million East Germans escaped to West Berlin or West Germany from 1949 to 1961 (total population of East Germany was about 17 million!). The life in the West was much better than in the East after 1948. West Germany including West Berlin had got financial help through the Marshallplan from the USA. In East Germany a communist system was established and many people had to suffer under repressions of the Communist party."
},
{
"docid": "D1355905#0",
"title": "http://www.weegy.com/?ConversationId=NNSHJIRR\n.",
"text": "\"Question and answer Q: What did the pogroms that occurred at the end of 19th-century Russia do? A. violently persecuted Jews B. killed all the kulaks C. enlisted theaid of foreigners D. established a Communist council A: What did the pogroms that occured in the late 19th-century Russia do Violently persecute Jews. Get an answer Search for an answer or ask Weegy (Free)What did the pogroms that occurred at the end of 19th-century Russia do? A. violently persecuted Jews B. killed all the kulaks C. enlisted the aid of foreigners D. established a Communist council Original conversation User: What did the pogroms that occurred at the end of 19th-century Russia do? A. violently persecuted Jews B. killed all the kulaks C. enlisted the aid of foreigners D. established a Communist council Weegy: What did the pogroms that occured in the late 19th-century Russia do Violently persecute Jews. Expert answered| yeswey |Points 3459|User: What effect did World War I have on the literature of the 1920s? A. Writers expressed disillusionment about reason and progress. B. Writers began to warn people about flaws in the Treaty of Versailles C. Literature declined because many writers died in the war. D. War stories became very popular. Weegy: What effect did World War I have on the literature of the 1920s?"
},
{
"docid": "D308692#0",
"title": "http://www.ushistory.org/us/52a.asp\n52a. The Cold War Erupts",
"text": "\"52a. The Cold War Erupts Prime Minister Churchill, President Roosevelt, and Premier Stalin meet at Yalta to discuss post-war Europe. It was at both the Yalta and Dumbarton Oaks conferences that the framework for the United Nations was devised. In 1945, one major war ended and another began. The Cold War lasted about 45 years. There were no direct military campaigns between the two main antagonists, the United States and the Soviet Union. Yet billions of dollars and millions of lives were lost in the fight. The United States became the leader of the free-market capitalist world. America and its allies struggled to keep the communist, totalitarian Soviet Union from expanding into Europe, Asia, and Africa. Theaters as remote as Korea and Vietnam, Cuba and Grenada, Afghanistan and Angola, became battlegrounds between the two ideologies."
},
{
"docid": "D27711#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/5167031/cold-war-and-nationalism-flash-cards/\nCold War and Nationalism",
"text": "\"84 terms 11rtravis Cold War and Nationalism Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Tehran Conference First major meeting between the Big Three (United States, Britain, Russia) at which they planned the 1944 assault on France and agreed to divide Germany into zones of occupation after the war Yalta Conference FDR, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta. Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War Potsdam Conference The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held at Potsdamn, outside Berlin, in July, 1945. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin discussed the future of Europe but their failure to reach meaningful agreements soon led to the onset of the Cold War. Iron Curtain speech March 1946 Winston Churchill at Fulton College Missouri; said an \"\"iron curtain\"\" had fallen across the Continent. West Germany British, American and French zone of Germany and was democratic. East Germany country that built the berlin wall to prevent the outward flow of refugees. Truman Doctrine President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideologycontainment a policy of creating strategic alliances in order to check the expansion of a hostile power or ideology or to force it to negotiate pecefully Marshall Plan a United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952)Berlin Airlift airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin NATO an international organization created in 1949 by the North Atlantic Treaty for purposes of collective security Warsaw Pact treaty signed in 1945 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain; USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romaniahydrogen bomb a nuclear weapon that releases atomic energy by union of light (hydrogen) nuclei at high temperatures to form heliummassive retaliation The \"\"new look\"\" defense policy of the Eisenhower administration of the 1950's was to threaten \"\"massive retaliation\"\" with nuclear weapons in response to any act of aggression by a potential enemy. Eastern Bloc Nations favorable to the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe during the cold war-particularly Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Rumania, Hungary, and East Germany Joseph Stalin Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)gulags harsh Soviet labor camps often located in Siberia Josip Broz Tito the Communist leader of Yugoslavia from 1953 to 1980Nikita Khrushchev ruled the USSR from 1958-1964; lessened government control of soviet citizens; seeked peaceful coexistence with the West instead of confrontation De-Stalinization social process of neutralizing the influence of Joseph Stalin by revising his policies and removing monuments dedicated to him and renaming places named in his honor20th party congress speech Speech given by Kruschev to the members of the 20th party congress were he denounced and proclaimed his anti salin views. Gosplan The State Planning Commission which oversaw Stalin's series of five year plans Boris Pasternak Russian writer whose best known novel was banned by Soviet authorities but translated and published abroad (1890-1960)Aleksandr Solzenitsyn One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1962) o Portrays in grim detail life in a Stalinist gulag (where he had been a prisoner)Hungarian Uprising Nagy declared hungary's independence on November 1, 1956. The red army came in and made Kadar leaderpeaceful coexistence Term used by Khrushchev in 1963 to describe a situation in which the United States and Soviet Union would continue to compete economically and politically without launching a thermonuclear war.austrian independence USSR agreed in 1955 to real independence for a neutral Austria after 10 years of Allied occupationgeneva conference A conference between many countries that agreed to end hostilities and restore peace in French Indochina and Vietnam.sputnik a Russian artificial satellitespace race a competition of space exploration between the United States and Soviet Unionu-2 incident The incident when an American U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union."
},
{
"docid": "D2294509#0",
"title": "http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2011/11/09/why-did-berlin-wall-fall-22-years-ago.html\nWhy Did the Berlin Wall Fall 22 Years Ago?",
"text": "\"Opinion Why Did the Berlin Wall Fall 22 Years Ago? By Jane Hampton Cook Published November 09, 2011 Fox News Facebook Twitter livefyre Email Fifty years ago in 1961 a tyrannical regime built the Berlin Wall. Twenty-two years ago this week the sledge hammer of freedom broke through and the concrete Berlin Wall crumbled into the rubble of history. ADVERTISEMENTOn Nov. 9, 1989, thousands of East Germans flooded the gates of the Berlin Wall to the surprise of many guards, who had not yet heard the news that their government had lifted its ban and was now allowing East Germans to freely pass into West Berlin. No visas required. Once the truth was clear, euphoria erupted. Germans from both sides danced on the wall. Families were reunited. German flags unfurled. Berlin was no longer a divided city."
},
{
"docid": "D1030928#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/2238448/the-cold-war-flash-cards/\nThe Cold War",
"text": "\"89 terms Sarah Reynolds The Cold War Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort What was the purpose of the United Nations? Protect the members against aggression. Which countries made up the original mambers of the Security Council? Britain, China, France, the U. S., and the Soviet Union What factors help to explain why the U. S. and the Soviet Union became rivals instead of allies? Because of the difference in the way they were affected after the war and political and economic differences, their postwar goals were very different. What were \"\"satellite\"\" nations? Communist nations in Eastern Europe on friendly terms with the USSR and thought of as under the USSR's control. Why might Berlin be a likely spot for trouble to develop during the Cold War? The Soviets wanted to keep Germany weak. How did the U. S. respond to the Soviet's success with launching Sputnik?"
},
{
"docid": "D3516750#0",
"title": "https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/The_Cold_War/A_Divided_Europe\nThe Cold War/A Divided Europe",
"text": "\"After six long years of bloodshed, World War 2 had finally come to an end. Europe was a junkyard - dead bodies littered the streets, buildings were destroyed, and rubble was everywhere. However, the nation that was affected most by this destruction was the Soviet Union. Over 20 million Soviet citizens died in the conflict and hundreds of thousands of buildings lay in ruins. Stalin, the Soviet leader at that time, was furious. Now confronted with the new threat of western democracy, he didn't want his country to be invaded ever again by the West, as it had been by Nazi Germany. He decided that he would make Eastern Europe a \"\"buffer zone\"\", protecting the USSR from any future military threat from the West, by putting communist governments there that would be subject to Moscow. The response and the \"\"Iron Curtain\"\" Speech [ edit]The Americans and British were angered at these actions. They had been fighting for a free, democratic Europe that would be liberated from the evil and murderous ideology of Nazism. But when they found out that the USSR was forcing the countries in Eastern Europe to accept communism, by manipulating the voting system, they felt that they their efforts, which had cost millions of lives, had been wasted."
},
{
"docid": "D3040718#0",
"title": "http://europeanhistory.about.com/od/coldwar/p/prcoldwar101.htm\nThe Cold War in Europe",
"text": "\"Humanities ›History & Culture The Cold War in Europe The Definitive Struggle Between Capitalism and Communism Share Flipboard Email Print A man attacks the Berlin Wall with a pickaxe on the night of November 9th, 1989. Corbis via Getty Images/Getty Imagesby Robert Wilde Updated March 12, 2018The Cold War was a twentieth-century conflict between the United States of America (U. S.), the Soviet Union (USSR), and their respective allies over political, economic, and military issues, often described as a struggle between capitalism and communism—but the issues were actually far grayer than that. In Europe, this meant the US-led West and NATO on one side and Soviet-led East and the Warsaw Pact on the other. The Cold War lasted from 1945 to the collapse of the USSR in 1991. Why 'Cold' War? The war was \"\"cold\"\" because there was never a direct military engagement between the two leaders, the U. S. and the USSR, although shots were exchanged in the air during the Korean War. There were plenty of proxy wars around the world as states supported by either side fought, but in terms of the two leaders, and in terms of Europe, the two never fought a regular war. Origins of the Cold War in Europe The aftermath of World War II left the United States and Russia as the dominant military powers in the world, but they had very different forms of government and economy—the former a capitalist democracy, the latter a communist dictatorship. The two nations were rivals that feared each other, each ideologically opposed. The war also left Russia in control of large areas of Eastern Europe, and the US-led Allies in control of the West."
},
{
"docid": "D2462525#0",
"title": "http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Eastern_Europe\nEastern Europe",
"text": "\"Previous (Eastern Christianity) Next (Ebbinghaus illusion)Pre-1989 division between the \"\"West\"\" (grey) and \"\"Eastern Bloc\"\" (orange) superimposed on current national boundaries: Russia (dark orange), other countries of the former USSR (medium orange), members of the Warsaw Pact (light orange), and other former communist regimes not aligned with Moscow (lightest orange)Eastern Europe, as defined by the United Nations Statistics Division, includes the countries of Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, and Slovakia, as well as the republics of Belarus, Moldova, and Ukraine. In some sources, Eastern Europe is defined as the nations bordered by the Baltic and Barents seas on the north; the Adriatic, Black, and Caspian seas and the Caucasus Mountains on the south; and the Ural Mountains. Using this definition, the nations of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro (formerly Yugoslavia ), which the UNSD categorizes as Southern Europe, would be included. This definition also includes the Baltic republics of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, considered by the UN as Northern Europe. The Transcaucasian countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia are included in this definition, though they are defined by the UN as western Asia. The term \"\"Eastern Europe\"\" is often used to refer to all European countries that were previously ruled by communist regimes (the Eastern Bloc), due to the concept of the “Iron Curtain” separating Western Europe and Soviet-controlled Eastern Europe throughout the period of the Cold War. Prior to German reunification, East Germany was often described as an Eastern European country. Contents [ hide ]1 Terminology and usage1.1 Historical distinctions2 Countries and territories2.1 United Nations Statistics Division2.2 Former Eastern Bloc2.3 Southeastern Europe and the Balkan Peninsula2.4 Central Europe2.5 Baltic States2.6 Eurasia3 Geography3.1 Concerns4 Economy5 Politics6 Notes7 References8 Credits The boundaries of Eastern Europe, therefore, are subject to considerable overlap and fluctuation depending on the context in which they are used, which makes differentiation difficult. Global regions are often of social constructs defined by abstract, neutral criteria and not necessarily strict physical features. Terminology and usage One of the definitions of Eastern Europe Eastern Europe is a grouping of countries on the European continent which has varying definitions, sometimes geographical in nature and sometimes more political."
}
] |
620152
|
what did the judiciary act establish
|
[
{
"docid": "D1206147#0",
"title": "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Judiciary+Act+of+1789\nJudiciary Act of 1789",
"text": "\"Judiciary Act of 1789Also found in: Wikipedia . Judiciary Act of 1789The Judiciary Act of 1789 established the lower federal courts. Under Article III, Section 1, of the U. S. Constitution, \"\"The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.\"\" In the Judiciary Act,the first Congress created federal trial courts and federal appeals courts to comply with this provision. The first Congress engaged in considerable debate over the Judiciary Act. This was not surprising: the Constitutional Convention, which had ended a year and a half earlier, had revealed a deep divisionbetween Federalists and Anti-Federalists. Federalists promoted federal powers to protect against localbias and ensure federal supremacy. Anti-Federalists opposed a strong federal government andpreferred to leave as much power as possible to the states. Although the debate over the Judiciary Actwas not conducted entirely by Federalists and Anti-Federalists, these groups represented the opposingviewpoints. Many concessions were made to Anti-Federalists in the Constitution."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D35238#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judicial_review_in_the_United_States\nJudicial review in the United States",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search U. S. Supreme Court building. In the United States, judicial review is the ability of a court to examine and decide if a statute, treaty or administrative regulation contradicts or violates the provisions of existing law, a State Constitution, or ultimately the United States Constitution. While the U. S. Constitution does not explicitly define a power of judicial review, the authority for judicial review in the United States has been inferred from the structure, provisions, and history of the Constitution. [ 1]Two landmark decisions by the U. S. Supreme Court served to confirm the inferred constitutional authority for judicial review in the United States: In 1796, Hylton v. United States was the first case decided by the Supreme Court involving a direct challenge to the constitutionality of an act of Congress, the Carriage Act of 1794 which imposed a \"\"carriage tax\"\". [ 2] The Court engaged in the process of judicial review by examining the plaintiff's claim that the carriage tax was unconstitutional. After review, the Supreme Court decided the Carriage Act was constitutional. In 1803, Marbury v. Madison [3] was the first Supreme Court case where the Court asserted its authority for judicial review to strike down a law as unconstitutional. At the end of his opinion in this decision, [4] Chief Justice John Marshall maintained that the Supreme Court's responsibility to overturn unconstitutional legislation was a necessary consequence of their sworn oath of office to uphold the Constitution as instructed in Article Six of the Constitution. As of 2014, the United States Supreme Court has held 176 Acts of the U. S. Congress unconstitutional. [ 5]Contents [ hide ]1 Judicial review before the Constitution2 The provisions of the Constitution3 Statements by the framers of the Constitution regarding judicial review3.1 The Constitutional Convention3.2 The state ratification debates3.3 The Federalist Papers4 Judicial review between the adoption of the Constitution and Marbury4.1 The Judiciary Act of 17894.2 Court decisions from 1788 to 18034.3 Responses to the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions5 Marbury v. Madison6 Judicial review after Marbury7 Criticism of judicial review8 Standard of review9 Laws limiting judicial review10 Administrative review11 Notes12 Further reading Judicial review before the Constitution [ edit]\"\"But it is not with a view to infractions of the Constitution only, that the independence of the judges may be an essential safeguard against the effects of occasional ill humors in the society."
},
{
"docid": "D296056#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_federal_judicial_circuits\nUnited States courts of appeals",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from United States federal judicial circuits)navigation search This article is about the current system. For the pre-1912 system, see United States circuit court. Map of the geographic boundaries of the various United States Courts of Appeals and United States District Courts This article is part of a series on the Politics of the United States of America Federal Government [show]Legislature [show]Executive [show]Judiciary [show]Elections [show]Political parties [show]Federalism [show]Other countries Atlasv t e The United States courts of appeals or circuit courts are the intermediate appellate courts of the United States federal court system. [ 1] A court of appeals decides appeals from the district courts within its federal judicial circuit, and in some instances from other designated federal courts and administrative agencies. The United States courts of appeals are considered among the most powerful and influential courts in the United States. Because of their ability to set legal precedent in regions that cover millions of Americans, the United States courts of appeals have strong policy influence on U. S. law. Moreover, because the U. S. Supreme Court chooses to review fewer than 2% of the more than 7,000 to 8,000 cases filed with it annually, [2] the U. S. courts of appeals serve as the final arbiter on most federal cases. The Ninth Circuit in particular is very influential, covering 20% of the American population. There are currently 179 judgeships on the U. S. courts of appeals authorized by Congress in 28 U. S. C. § 43 pursuant to Article III of the U. S. Constitution. These judges are nominated by the President of the United States and confirmed by the United States Senate."
},
{
"docid": "D297674#0",
"title": "http://www.uscourts.gov/about-federal-courts/educational-resources/about-educational-outreach/activity-resources/about\nSupreme Court Background",
"text": "\"Supreme Court Background Article III of the Constitution establishes the federal judiciary. Article III, Section I states that \"\"The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.\"\" Although the Constitution establishes the Supreme Court, it permits Congress to decide how to organize it. Congress first exercised this power in the Judiciary Act of 1789. This Act created a Supreme Court with six justices. It also established the lower federal court system. The Justices Over the years, various Acts of Congress have altered the number of seats on the Supreme Court, from a low of five to a high of 10. Shortly after the Civil War, the number of seats on the Court was fixed at nine. Today, there is one Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices of the United States Supreme Court. Like all federal judges, justices are appointed by the President and are confirmed by the Senate."
},
{
"docid": "D83537#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_powers\nSeparation of powers",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Balance of powers\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Balance of power. For other uses, see Separation of powers (disambiguation). Part of a series on Politics Primary topics [show]Political systems [show]Academic disciplines [show]Public administration [show]Policy [show]Organs of government [show]Related topics [show]Subseries [show]v t e The separation of powers, often imprecisely and metonymically used interchangeably with the trias politica principle, is a model for the governance of a state. Under this model, a state's government is divided into branches, each with separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility so that the powers of one branch are not in conflict with the powers associated with the other branches. The typical division is into three branches: a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary, which is the trias politica model. It can be contrasted with the fusion of powers in some parliamentary systems where the executive and legislature are unified. Separation of powers, therefore, refers to the division of responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another. The intent of separation of powers is to prevent the concentration of unchecked power and to provide for checks and balances to avoid autocracy or inefficiencies. Contents [ hide ]1 History1.1 Antiquity1.2 Early modern biparty systems1.3 Montesquieu's separation of powers system1.4 Checks and balances2 Comparison between tripartite and bipartite national systems2.1 Typical branches2.1.1 Additional branches2.2 Three branches2.2.1 Australia2.2.2 Austria2.2.3 Czech Republic2.2.4 Denmark2.2.5 France2.2.6 Hong Kong2.2.7 India2.2.8 Iran2.2.9 Italy2.2.10 Malaysia2.2.11 Nepal2.2.12 Norway2.2.13 Pakistan2.2.14 United Kingdom2.2.15 United States2.3 Other systems2.3.1 Republic of China2.3.2 Belgium2.3.3 Costa Rica2.3.4 European Union2.3.5 Germany2.3.6 Hungary3 See also4 References5 Further reading6 External links History [ edit]Part of the Politics series on Republicanism Central concepts [show]Schools [show]Important thinkers [show]History [show]By country [show]Related topics [show]Politics portalv t e Antiquity [ edit]Aristotle first mentioned the idea of a \"\"mixed government\"\" or hybrid government in his work Politics where he drew upon many of the constitutional forms in the city-states of Ancient Greece."
},
{
"docid": "D2267663#0",
"title": "http://juris.nationalparalegal.edu/(X(1)S(wwbvsi5iswopllt1bfpzfkjd))/ChecksAndBalances.aspx\n.",
"text": "\"Checks and Balances and the Three Branches of Governmentby Susan Israel After the United States achieved its independence from Great Britain, the country was governed by the Continental Congress, which had been formed in1774, even before independence was declared. In 1781, the Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation, which was the first constitution of the United States and lasted until 1787. The Articles of Confederation provided for a government consisting of a collection of independent and sovereign states loosely connected to a weak national government. The states were divided by regional, parochial and local interests, but they did not want to cede their powers to a strong national government, fearing the tyranny they experienced under Great Britain’s rule. For example, each state was free to control taxation over imports and exports, undermining the national government’s power to make foreign treaties. The national government could not levy taxes and relied on the states to raise revenues, but the states did not always pay up. The national government had the power to declare war, but not to raise an army, while several of the states had their own navies. The result was that the states were too powerful and independent, while the national government was too weak and dependent, and by 1786, the new nation was in danger of financial and political collapse. In an effort to avoid the utter failure of the fledgling nation, the states agreed to meet again to revise the Articles of Confederation. Each of the states (except Rhode Island) sent delegates to Philadelphia, where the Second Continental Congress was convened in 1787."
},
{
"docid": "D1219964#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Conyers\nJohn Conyers",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the American politician. For other uses, see John Conyers (disambiguation). John Conyers44th Dean of the United States House of Representatives In office January 3, 2015 – December 5, 2017Preceded by John Dingell Succeeded by Don Young Chair of the House Judiciary Committee In office January 3, 2007 – January 3, 2011Preceded by Jim Sensenbrenner Succeeded by Lamar Smith Chair of the House Oversight Committee In office January 3, 1989 – January 3, 1995Preceded by Jack Brooks Succeeded by William F. Clinger Jr. Member of the U. S. House of Representatives from Michigan In office January 3, 1965 – December 5, 2017Preceded by Constituency established Succeeded by Vacant Constituency 1st district (1965–1993) 14th district (1993–2013) 13th district (2013–2017)Personal details Born John James Conyers Jr. May 16, 1929 (age 88)Highland Park, Michigan, U. S. Political party Democratic Spouse (s) Monica Esters ( m. 1990)Children 2Education Wayne State University ( BA, LLB)Signature Military service Allegiance United States Service/branch United States Army Years of service 1948–1950 1950–1957Unit Army National Guard Battles/wars Korean War John James Conyers Jr. (born May 16, 1929) is a retired American politician of the Democratic Party who served as a U. S. Representative for Michigan from 1965 to 2017. The districts he represented always included part of western Detroit, and during his final three terms included many of Detroit's western suburbs, as well as a large portion of the Downriver area. Conyers served more than 50 years in Congress, becoming the sixth-longest serving member of Congress in U. S. history; he is also longest serving African American member of Congress ever. [ 1] Conyers was also the Dean of the House of Representatives, and by the end of his term was the last remaining member of Congress who had served since the presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson. After serving in the Korean War, Conyers became active in the civil rights movement. He also served as an aide to Congressman John Dingell before winning election to the House in 1964. He co-founded the Congressional Black Caucus in 1969 and established a reputation as one of the most liberal members of Congress. Conyers joined the liberal Congressional Progressive Caucus after it was founded in 1991."
},
{
"docid": "D2607055#0",
"title": "https://prezi.com/mh5svw1lt0ye/marbury-v-madison/\nMarbury v Madison",
"text": "\"Public & reusable Create your own Make a copy Share Embed Like Marbury v Madison No descriptionby on 19 January 2015Tweet Comments ( 0)Please log in to add your comment. Report abuse Transcript of Marbury v Madison Judicial Review court ruled Madison victory (Thomas Jefferson's side) declared part of Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional case established judicial review enables courts to decide whether laws passed by Congress are constitutional allows federal courts to review state laws and state court decisions to determine if they are in keeping with the Constitution OPVL Midnight Judges John Adams appointed judges right before the end of his presidency appointed group of Federalist judges for life did so to leave power behind when he was gone Marbury was a midnight judge caused the Marbury v Madison case Marbury v Madison Judiciary Acts -Congress filled in the missing details of the judicial branch that was not fully explained in the Constitution Judiciary Act of 1789 created national court system 3 circuit courts (do not hold trials, only hear cases passed by lower courts) 13 district courts (general trials) headed by the Supreme Court (settled differences between state and federal laws) Judiciary Act of 1801 decreased number of Supreme Court justices increased number of federal judges Marbury V Madison Origin: This document is a transcript of the speech given by John Marshall to the court in 1803, ultimately deciding the case of Marbury vs. Madison. John Marshall is an important person in this case because he is the Chief Justice, which gives him a powerful influence on the decision of the case. Purpose: The purpose of this document is to give justification to the final decision made by the supreme court. Its intended audience was the people present at the time of the hearing, but can be of interest to any citizen or government official. Value: The value of this document is that it serves as a precedent for the exercise of judicial review by the Supreme Court. Judicial review is the power given to the Supreme Court in which it can determine the constitutionality of laws passed by the executive and legislative branches. In the document, John Marshall's stance on the issue was that it was unconstitutional for him to force congress to appoint Marbury to \"\"Justice of the Peace\"\". Therefore, Marbury did not have to be appointed to his deserved position. The decision made by the Supreme Court expresses how our country was still in a constructive state, and that the branches of government were still figuring out their powers in relation to each other."
},
{
"docid": "D3129819#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_did_Marbury_v._Madison_establish_the_precedent_of_judicial_review\nHow did Marbury v. Madison establish the precedent of judicial review?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society Politics and Government Government US Government How did Marbury v. Madison establish the precedent of judicial review? How did Marbury v. Madison establish the precedent of judicial review? Answer by Roibeaird WA Confidence votes 13.4KMarbury v. Madison is the Supreme Court case that confirmed that the federal courts have the authority to declare laws unconstitutional. It did not necessarily create or establish the power as much as it confirmed that it is inherent in the power of the judicial branch even though it is not specifically stated in the Constitution. This was devised by Chief Justice John Marshall (former secretary of state to John Adams) when he declared parts of the Judiciary act of 1789 unconstitutional. William Marbury had been elected as a judge by Adams in the Judiciary act of 1801, but he was not commissioned by Marshall in time. When Jefferson became president (March, 4, 1801), his secretary of state, James Madison, did not deliver the commission under the new Democratic-Republican party. This pushed Marbury to turn to the Supreme court where he petitioned for a writ of mandamus (an order to force Madison to deliver his commission). Marshall's opinion was that Marbury deserved his commission, but knew Jefferson would not serve him even if it was mandated. Marshall did not want the Supreme Court to be weakened, and instead gave it strength by declaring parts of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional - the part where the Supreme Court could issue a writ of mandamus."
},
{
"docid": "D526457#0",
"title": "https://www.thoughtco.com/how-many-supreme-court-justices-are-there-104778\nHow Many Supreme Court Justices Are There?",
"text": "\"Humanities ›Issues How Many Supreme Court Justices Are There? Share Flipboard Email Print Grant Faint / Getty Imagesby Martin Kelly Updated January 26, 2018There are nine members of the Supreme Court, and that number has been unchanged since 1869. The number and length of appointment are set by statute, and the U. S. Congress has the ability to change that number. In the past, changing that number was one of the tools that Congress used to rein in a president they didn't like. Essentially, in the absence of legislated changes to the size and structure of the Supreme Court, appointments are made by the President as justices resign, retire, or pass away. Some presidents have nominated several justices: the first president George Washington nominated 11, Franklin D. Roosevelt nominated 9 over his four terms in office, and William Howard Taft nominated 6. Each of those was able to name a Chief Justice. Some presidents (William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, Andrew Johnson, and Jimmy Carter), did not get an opportunity to make a single nomination. Establishing the Supreme Court The first judiciary act was passed in 1789 when the Supreme Court itself was set up, and it established six as the number of members. In the earliest court structure, the number of justices corresponded to the number of judicial circuits."
},
{
"docid": "D1780817#0",
"title": "http://www.csmonitor.com/1987/0211/zcon4.html\nThe power of judicial review",
"text": "The power of judicial review By Charlotte Saikowski, Staff writer of The Christian Science Monitor February 11, 1987Washington — The first thing an Englishman would notice about the United States Supreme Court is that the justices don't wear wigs. When the first session of the court met in New York in 1790 under Chief Justice John Jay, one justice did in fact arrive wearing a white wig. But it seems that small boys pursued him down the streets, hooting and hollering, and all the justices decided it would be prudent to follow Thomas Jefferson's admonition: ``For heaven's sake, discard the monstrous wig which makes the English judges look like rats peeping through bunches of oakum. '' But the truly distinguishing feature of the American high court is that it is the world's most powerful judicial body. In fact, so powerful is it in making domestic policy - on racial desegregation, criminal justice, abortion, school prayer - that a few concerned constitutional scholars and national lawmakers think the federal system is unbalanced. The ``Supreme Legislature,'' some wryly call the court. Some conservatives would like to curb its authority - just as liberals did in decades gone by. Recommended: Could you pass a US citizenship test? Nonetheless, in 1987 the American judiciary, comprising the Supreme Court and the lower federal courts, is the most widely respected branch of the US government. The American people, recognizing the Supreme Court's role as the final arbiter of the government's exercise of power, consistently rate the judiciary higher than Congress or the presidency."
},
{
"docid": "D314070#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution\nSeparation of powers under the United States Constitution",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the separation of powers specifically in the United States. For the theory of separation of powers, see separation of powers. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( February 2015) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)The United States Capitol dome as seen from the Supreme Court Building U. S. Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee about separation of powers and checks and balances of the U. S. Government Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws, in which he argued for a constitutional government with three separate branches, each of which would have defined abilities to check the powers of the others. This philosophy heavily influenced the writing of the United States Constitution, according to which the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches of the United States government are kept distinct in order to prevent abuse of power. This United States form of separation of powers is associated with a system of checks and balances. During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as Montesquieu advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it. Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary."
},
{
"docid": "D2973825#0",
"title": "http://study.com/academy/lesson/judiciary-act-of-1789-definition-summary.html\nJudiciary Act of 1789: Definition & Summary",
"text": "Your next lesson will play in 10 seconds Add to Timeline Autoplay 21K views Create an account to start this course today Try it free for 5 days!Create An Account Recommended Lessons and Courses for You Related Lessons Related Courses The French Revolution, Jay Treaty and Treaty of San Lorenzo Midnight Judges: Definition & Significance Rush-Bagot Treaty: History & Significance Judiciary Act of 1801: Definition & Summary Lesson Transcript Instructor: Mark Pearcy The Judiciary Act of 1789 was one of the first official acts of Congress and filled in details, laying the groundwork for the federal court system as it exists today. Learn about this landmark act and then test your knowledge with a quiz. What Does Article III Say? The problem with the Constitution, more often than not, is that it is maddeningly vague about concepts that seem to matter deeply. The First Amendment, for instance, guarantees freedom of speech--but what, exactly, is 'speech'? The Second Amendment protects the freedom to bear arms--but what does that mean, 'arms'? All kinds of weapons? None of them, except flintlock muskets? And what, while we're on the subject, what does 'freedom' even mean? This wasn't entirely unplanned, though."
},
{
"docid": "D1157518#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Did_president_George_Washington_sign_the_first_judiciary_act_of_1789\nDid president George Washington sign the first judiciary act of 1789?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States US Presidents George Washington Did president George Washington sign the first judiciary act of 1789? Flag Did president George Washington sign the first judiciary act of 1789? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time.yes1 person found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Aecoleman39 166 Contributions What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 provide for? It set up the Federal Court system. Divided the Country into Judicial Districts, provided for the number of judges and the internal procedures of how the courts were to operat …Ma9989009 464,381 Contributions What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 accomplish? The Judiciary Act of 1789, passed on September 24 of that year, established the Judicial Branch of government, with a Supreme Court and rudimentary federal court system . … USCitizen 477,196 Contributions George Washington was sworn in as the first president in 1789 in what city? New York City. Ma9989009 464,381 Contributions What was the Judiciary Act of 1789 and why was it important?"
},
{
"docid": "D343388#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/60486187/unit-test-review-flash-cards/\nUnit test review",
"text": "\"94 terms Diana_Garcia52Unit test review Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Read the excerpt from the preamble to the Constitution.. . . [ A]nd secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity. According to this excerpt of the preamble, who were freedoms and rights established for? federal and state elected officials executive and judicial officials leaders and past generations framers of the Constitution and future generations framers of the Constitution and future generations According to the Preamble, where does the power for government come from? the welfare the leaders the defence the people the people Why were the Articles of Confederation replaced with the Constitution? The Articles of Confederation did not give strong power to the federal government. The Articles of Confederation did not create a governmental structure for the states. The Articles of Confederation did not provide powers for strong individual state governments."
},
{
"docid": "D1847692#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20060918161323AARka3v\nWhat was the importance of Marbury v. Madison?",
"text": "\"Education & Reference Homework Help What was the importance of Marbury v. Madison? Follow 2 answers Answers Best Answer: The case Marbury versus Madison in 1803 is generally considered the single most important case in the history of the United States Supreme Court. The case was overseen by Chief Justice John Marshall. The decision set out the arguments on the basis of which the Court exercises its power of judicial review, which means that the Court can judge whether or not statutes passed by Congress or state legislatures meet the requirements set out by the U. S. Constitution. Marbury versus Madison grew out of the conflict between the Federalist presidency of John Adams and the Republican presidency of his successor, Thomas Jefferson. Just before Jefferson's inauguration in 1801, President Adams named a number of Federalist politicians to newly created positions. One of them, William Marbury, was appointed a justice of the peace for the District of Columbia. Marbury had not yet been delivered his formal papers of appointment, and President Jefferson instructed his secretary of state, James Madison, not to do so. Marbury sued for an order writ of mandamus forcing Madison to deliver the papers. Much political tension surrounded the case because the Federalist Marshall and the new president were political opponents."
},
{
"docid": "D405398#0",
"title": "https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/administrative-law/constitution-of-a-country-administrative-law-essay.php\nConstitution Of A Country",
"text": "Print Reference this This essay has been submitted by a law student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers. Constitution Of A Country The constitution of a country is a set of rules regulating the powers of its government and the rights and duties of its citizens. Many nations have been forced to draw up a written constitution in response to a revolution, war or as a step towards independence. In contrast, the United Kingdom which has had a relatively stable history has an unwritten constitution developed over many centuries with sources of varying importance which include statute and common law, conventions and traditions, written works of importance and international law. The UK constitution is often described as 'partly written and wholly uncodified'. A codified constitution is one in which key provisions are collected together in a single legal document. Whether written or unwritten, a constitution must have one supreme power over and above all other power in the state. Under a written constitution, the highest source of power is the supreme Constitution as interpreted by the Supreme Court. As the UK has no single written document as supreme authority, in theory, the highest source of authority in the UK is the Parliament, and the Acts of Parliament are the highest form of law."
},
{
"docid": "D152456#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalist_Era\nFederalist Era",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Periods in United States history [hide]Colonial era 1607–1775American Revolution 1765–1783Confederation Period 1783–1788Federalist Era 1788–1801Jeffersonian Era 1801–1817Era of Good Feelings 1817–1825Jacksonian Era 1825–1849Civil War Era 1849–1865Reconstruction Era 1865–1877Gilded Age 1877–1897Progressive Era 1897–1920Roaring Twenties 1920–1929Great Depression 1929–1939World War II 1941–1945Postwar Era 1945–1981Reagan Era 1981–2009Timelinev t e The Federalist Era in American history ran from roughly 1788-1800, a time when the Federalist Party and its predecessors were dominant in American politics. During this period, Federalists generally controlled Congress and enjoyed the support of President George Washington and President John Adams. The era saw the creation of a new, stronger federal government under the United States Constitution. The era began with the ratification of the United States Constitution and ended with the Democratic-Republican Party 's victory in the 1800 elections. During the 1780s, an era sometimes known as the \"\" Confederation Period \"\" of United States history, the United States had functioned under the Articles of Confederation, which provided for a loose confederation of states. At the 1787 Philadelphia Convention, delegates from most of the states wrote a new constitution that created a more powerful federal government. After the convention, this constitution was submitted to the states for ratification. Those who advocated ratification became known as Federalists, while those opposed to ratification became known as anti-Federalists. After the Federalists won the ratification debate in all but two states, the new constitution took effect and new elections were held for Congress and the presidency. The first elections returned large Federalist majorities in both houses and elected George Washington, who had taken part in the Philadelphia Convention, as president."
},
{
"docid": "D1767574#0",
"title": "http://www.socialstudieshelp.com/USRA_Judiciary.htm\n.",
"text": "\"The Judicial Branch and Marbury v Madison JUDICIAL BRANCH1. Article Three of the Constitution sets up the Judicial Branch. It is the shortest part of the Constitution. Our founding fathers did not expect the judiciary to play a large role.2. The structure of the Judiciary was largely left up to Congress. Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1789 and the Judiciary Act of 1803 to set up the branch as we know it today. They created a three level (tiered) system and laid down certain rules concerning operation of the courts.3. The Supreme Court was given certain powers in the Constitution to rule on cases directly. This is called original jurisdiction. They have original jurisdiction on cases involving the President and other issues outlined in article three of the Constitution."
},
{
"docid": "D35332#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/event/Marbury-v-Madison\nMarbury v. Madison",
"text": "Marbury v. Madison, legal case in which, on February 24, 1803, the U. S. Supreme Court first declared an act of Congress unconstitutional, thus establishing the doctrine of judicial review. The court’s opinion, written by Chief Justice John Marshall, is considered one of the foundations of U. S. constitutional law. Background In the weeks before Thomas Jefferson ’s inauguration as president in March 1801, the lame-duck Federalist Congress created 16 new circuit judgeships (in the Judiciary Act of 1801) and an unspecified number of new judgeships (in the Organic Act), which Adams proceeded to fill with Federalists in an effort to preserve his party’s control of the judiciary and to frustrate the legislative agenda of Jefferson and his Republican ( Democratic-Republican) Party. Because he was among the last of those appointments (the so-called “midnight appointments”), William Marbury, a Federalist Party leader from Maryland, did not receive his commission before Jefferson became president. Once in office, Jefferson directed his secretary of state, James Madison, to withhold the commission, and Marbury petitioned the Supreme Court to issue a writ of mandamus to compel Madison to act. Marbury and his lawyer, former attorney general Charles Lee, argued that signing and sealing the commission completed the transaction and that delivery, in any event, constituted a mere formality. But formality or not, without the actual piece of parchment, Marbury could not enter into the duties of office. Despite Jefferson’s hostility, the court agreed to hear the case, Marbury v. Madison, in its February 1803 term. Some scholars have questioned whether Marshall should have removed himself from the case because of his prior service as Adams’s secretary of state (1800–01). Certainly, later judicial standards would have called for recusal, but at the time only financial connections to a case led judges to step aside, as Marshall did in suits regarding Virginia lands in which he had an interest."
},
{
"docid": "D2282420#0",
"title": "https://usconstitution.net/plan_nj.html\nThe New Jersey Plan",
"text": "Quick Links: FAQ Topics Forums Documents Timeline Kids Vermont Constitution Map Citation The New Jersey Plan Advertisement The Constitutional Convention was tasked with proposing amendments to the Articles of Confederation which would make it a more workable plan for national government. The Convention began with the text of the Virginia Plan and Charles Pinckney's notes before them, and for three weeks, the provisions were debated. The smaller states in the union were afraid of what they were hearing. A legislative body with delegates assigned to each state by proportion of either land size or population would put them at a disadvantage. Someone had to speak out for the smaller states. During a break in the Convention, the delegates from the smaller states met and hammered out their own plan. Notably, the plan retained the equal representation of the states in Congress. William Peterson of New Jersey presented the plan to the Convention on June 15, 1787. The plan became known as the New Jersey Plan. Though it included provisions that the larger states would never agree to, it reasserted the smaller states' position."
}
] |
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what did the kansas act lead to
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[
{
"docid": "D2048452#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_did_the_kansas-nebraska_act_lead_to_bleeding_kansas\nHow did the Kansas-Nebraska act lead to bleeding Kansas?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History US Civil War How did the Kansas-Nebraska act lead to bleeding Kansas? Flag How did the Kansas-Nebraska act lead to bleeding Kansas? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. The Kansas-Nebraska Act also led to \"\"Bleeding Kansas,\"\" a mini civil war that erupted in Kansas in 1856. Northerners and Southerners flooded Kansas in 1854 and 1855, determined to convert the future state to their view on slavery.3 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Jonathan Begg 33,449 Contributions How did the kansas-nebraska act lead to the civil war?\\n. \\n. It allowed the citizens of each new state to vote whether it should be slave or free. \\n. \\n."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1453563#0",
"title": "http://www.in.gov/history/3995.htm\nThe Politics of Slavery",
"text": "\"IHB About Indiana - History and Trivia Anniversaries Civil War, 150th Hoosier Voices NOW The Politics of Slavery The Politics of Slavery Richard Nation Eastern Michigan University Contents Introduction ⇓Hoosiers and Slavery before 1850Indiana’s 1851 Constitution Indiana and National Politics, 1830s to 1848Indiana and National Politics, 1848 to 1854Indiana and National Politics, 1854 to 1857Indiana and National Politics, 1857 through the Election of 1860Hoosiers and Secession Bibliography Introduction As the issue of slavery arose in the 1840s and 1850s to become the chief political issue in the nation, Indiana politicians had to respond to an electorate who generally believed slavery was wrong. At the same time, to maintain the viability of both major political parties to achieve victory in national elections, Indiana politicians had to accede to at least some of the demands of their slaveholding Southern brethren. Fortunately for Hoosier politicians, much of their electorate appreciated the need to compromise. Most Hoosiers’ antislavery beliefs did not outweigh their devotion to the Union, in part because their concerns about slavery were limited by their racist beliefs. Some even condemned Northern abolitionists for promoting a politics that threatened the Union. Over the late 1840s and through the 1850s, though, many Hoosiers of both parties, like many other Northerners, came to believe that efforts at compromise with the South were doomed to failure. These Hoosiers saw that every compromise with the South begat a new Southern demand for additional concessions, leading them to believe that Southerners placed the institution of slavery above the Union. When the Southern states began to secede after the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860, Hoosiers of many political stripes came together to condemn the South for attempting to destroy the Union. Hoosiers and Slavery before 1850The 1816 Indiana Constitution forbade slavery in Article 8, sec. 1 and Article 11, sec."
},
{
"docid": "D2855261#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/4860686/chapter-14-a-divided-nation-1848-1860-flash-cards/\nChapter 14: A Divided Nation (1848-1860)",
"text": "\"47 terms Ms Cavanagh TEACHERChapter 14: A Divided Nation (1848-1860)Ms. Cavanagh Muirlands Middle School 8th grade History Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Wilmot Proviso a bill, sponsored by David Wilmot, that would have banned slavery in the remaining territories of the Mexican Cession; it led to the introduction of the idea of popular sovereignty, as a kind of compromise between those who fully supported this bill, and those who opposed itsectionalism devotion to the interests of one region instead of to the country as a wholepopular sovereignty principle that would allow voters in a particular territory to decide whether they wanted to ban or permit slavery Free-Soil Party a small political party, active in the U. S. in the 1848 and 1852 presidential elections; the party was formed by antislavery northerners who supported the Wilmot Proviso Henry Clay a politician from Kentucky who was responsible for the Missouri Compromise (1820) and the Compromise of 1850; he has been called the \"\"Great Compromiser\"\"Fugitive Slave Act a law put into practice in September of 1850, that made it a crime to help runaway slaves and allowed officials to arrest slaves in free states as well as slave states; slaves captured under the law were not allowed to testify for themselves and were not allowed to have a trial with a jury Uncle Tom's Cabin a powerful antislavery novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe Harriet Beecher Stowe person who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin; Abraham Lincoln once said to her, \"\"So, you're the little lady who made this big war\"\"Republican Party formed in 1854 by former Whigs, Free-Soilers, and some Democrats who were united against the spread of slavery in the West and against the Kansas-Nebraska Act;Whig Party An American political party formed in the 1830s to oppose President Andrew Jackson and the Democrats, stood for protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for internal improvements; fell apart after Bleeding Kansas The Seventh of March Speech a speech given by Senator Daniel Webster on the floor of the Senate, in favor of the Compromise of 1850; in the speech, Webster expressed concern that if the southern states seceded, violence would arise Compromise of 1850 a plan, developed by Senator Henry Clay, that was meant to help the U. S. maintain peace, while allowing California to be admitted as a free state; the terms of the plan were: 1. Remaining land from war with Mexico divided into Utah and New Mexico popular sovereignty territories 2. California is admitted as Free State 3. No slave trade in Washington DC (slavery still legal) 4. Stricter Fugitive Slave Act 5. Texas agrees to give up some lands to New Mexico in exchange for federal aid David Wilmot a senator from Pennsylvania who sponsored the Wilmot Provisooppose (verb) to disapprove of and attempt to stop John C. Calhoun a senator from South Carolina who was Vice President of the U. S. under John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson; when debating the Compromise of 1850, he believed that letting California enter as a free state would destroy the nation's balance and lead to warban (verb) to officially or legally forbidpermit (verb) to allow or give permission for (something)resort (verb) to turn to a strategy in order to resolve a difficult situationcommissioner (noun) a person chosen by an authority figure or group to perform a specific task; with the new Fugitive Slave Act in 1850, commissioners were hired to decide the whether or not captured African Americans were free people or runaway slaves Frederick Douglass a former slave who was an abolitionist, a brilliant public speaker, and a self-educated man (and a well-educated one, for that matter). He helped convince many people that slavery; he also wrote and published \"\"Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass;\"\" which depicted slavery as being cruel."
},
{
"docid": "D2097592#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_removals_in_Indiana\nIndian removals in Indiana",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Land that was transferred under the various treaties. Indian removals in Indiana followed a series of the land cession treaties made between 1785 and 1846 that led to the removal of most of the native tribes from Indiana. Some of the removals occurred prior to 1830, but most took place between 1830 and 1846. The Lenape (Delaware), Piankashaw, Kickapoo, Wea, and Shawnee were removed in the 1820s and 1830s, but the Potawatomi and Miami removals in the 1830s and 1840s were more gradual and incomplete, and not all of Indiana’s Native Americans voluntarily left the state. The most well-known resistance effort in Indiana was the forced removal of Chief Menominee and his Yellow River band of Potawatomi in what became known as the Potawatomi Trail of Death in 1838, in which 859 Potawatomi removed to Kansas and at least forty died on the journey west. The Miami were the last to remove from Indiana, but tribal leaders delayed the process until 1846. Many of the Miami were permitted to remain on land allotments guaranteed to them under the Treaty of St. Mary's (1818) and subsequent treaties. Under the terms of the Treaty of Greenville (1795), the Shawnee agreed to remove east to Ohio. Between 1803 and 1809 William Henry Harrison negotiated more than a dozen treaties on behalf of the federal government that purchased nearly all the Indian land in most of present-day Illinois and the southern third of Indiana from various tribes. Most of the Wea and the Kickapoo removed west to Illinois and Missouri after 1813."
},
{
"docid": "D3498762#0",
"title": "http://www.bridgeguys.com/BGlossary/bennett_murder.html\n.",
"text": "\"The location was Kansas City, Missouri. The players in the scene are Mr. John Bennett and his wife Mrs. Myrtle Bennett, maiden name of Myrtle Adkins. We are dealing with a rather successful business man who had over the years become prosperous selling perfumes. Mr. and Mrs. John and Myrtle Bennett had met Mr. and Mrs. Charles and Myrna Hoffman, who lived in the same building. All four persons shared a common interest. They all played bridge. It was to become a fateful evening. However, during the court trial, which ensued, it became apparent that John Bennett had at several times abused his wife physically during heated arguments. These arguments had also occurred during the times they played bridge together. Knowing this fact in advance gives the reader a better understanding of the character of John Bennett."
},
{
"docid": "D2916741#0",
"title": "http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.pg.001\nPOLITICS AND GOVERNMENT",
"text": "\"Encyclopedia of the Great Plains David J. Wishart, Editor Home Introduction Contents Contributors About POLITICS AND GOVERNMENTThe history of politics in the Great Plains has to do with the formal structures of governmental authority and the process of political decision making, as well as the policies of external political agencies that have affected the region. Before the arrival of Europeans, political authority tended to be local in nature, relating to the authority of Native American leaders over bands or tribes. Since the nineteenth century, however, politics has had not only local but state or provincial and federal dimensions. The most distinctive aspects of Plains politics appeared between 1890 and World War II; since 1945, Plains politics has moved closer to national patterns. Political Authority before the Arrival of Europeans Before the arrival of the Europeans and the horse, most of the Indigenous people of the Great Plains lived in permanent villages along streams and rivers. Some–the Blackfoot, for example–lived as nomadic hunters. The basic political unit of the sedentary societies was the village, each with its own structure of authority. The Pawnees, for example, were divided into four bands; the largest of them, the Skiris, had an internal organization based on thirteen villages, a political structure that persisted even after the number of actual villages significantly declined. The chiefs of each village typically joined together as a tribal council that met periodically throughout the year. The Skiris also collaborated with the other three Pawnee bands on significant issues, making this a confederation of independent but mutually supported units."
},
{
"docid": "D2453120#0",
"title": "https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/23-events-leading-to-conflict-between-north-and-south-1850-1860\n23. Events leading to conflict between North and South, 1850-1860",
"text": "\"23. Events leading to conflict between North and South, 1850-1860Timeline created by giulia.diguglielmo In History Jan 29, 1850The Compromise of 1850This plan was offered by Senator Henry Clay to solve the issue of sectional balance in Congress. California wanted to apply for statehood as a free state, but by doing so, it would create an imbalance of power in Congress. The plan called for California to enter as a free state, the territories Utah and New Mexico to enter and be governed by popular sovereignty, slave trade to be abolished in Washington DC, and and a law would be made to help slaveowners regain their runaway slaves. Sep 18, 1850The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850Passed to adere to the Compromise of 1850, under the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, special federal comissioners were allowed to determine the fate of alleged fugitives without the benefit of a jury trial or even testimony by the accused person. The law also prohibited local authorities from interfering with the capture of slaves and forced citizens to assist with captures when called upon by federal agents. Stiff fines and jail sentences were to be given to people who refused to follow the law. Mar 20, 1852Publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin Uncle Tom's Cabin is an anti-slavery novel telling the stories about the horrifying real lives and struggles of slaves on a plantation. It was written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852, and helped lay groundwork for already growing tension between the North and the South. The best-selling novel of the nineteenth century, Uncle Tom's Cabin is credited with helping fuel the cause of abolitionists in the 1850's."
},
{
"docid": "D2056307#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090511134107AA42jP5\nWhy did the South Secede?",
"text": "\"Arts & Humanities History Why did the South Secede? During the Civil War the south wanted to secede from the Union. Why was this the case besides slavery?3 following 4 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: 1. Economic and social differences between the North and the South. With Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin in 1793, cotton became very profitable. This machine was able to reduce the time it took to separate seeds from the cotton. However, at the same time the increase in the number of plantations willing to move from other crops to cotton meant the greater need for a large amount of cheap labor, i.e. slaves. Thus, the southern economy became a one crop economy, depending on cotton and therefore on slavery. On the other hand, the northern economy was based more on industry than agriculture. In fact, the northern industries were purchasing the raw cotton and turning it into finished goods."
},
{
"docid": "D2453122#0",
"title": "https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/event-1950s-escalated-tensions-north-south-western-746616\nWhat was one key event from the 1850s that escalated tensions between the North and South? How did the push for western expansion impact this event?",
"text": "Homework Help > History What was one key event from the 1850s that escalated tensions between the North and South? How did the push for western expansion impact this event?print Print document PDF list Cite Expert Answerspohnpei397 | Certified Educator One event from the 1850s that heightened tensions between the North and the South was the raid by the abolitionist John Brown on the federal armory at Harpers Ferry, which was then in the state of Virginia. This raid helped increase tensions because the North and South reacted to it in different ways. In this raid, Brown and his followers took control of the federal armory. Their plan, such was it was, was to give out weapons to the slaves who, they were sure, would flock to them. These slaves would then carry out an armed rebellion. Brown and his people were defeated and Brown was later executed. The “argument” on the part of the North (or at least on the part of many Northerners) was that John Brown was a hero. Northerners saw Brown as a martyr for his cause. They felt that he was a courageous man who had stood up for what he believed in."
},
{
"docid": "D652427#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/24350399/ch-20-flash-cards/\nCh 20",
"text": "\"37 terms bzarazua Ch 20Test #2Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort What activities defined popular politics of the era? Torchlight parade through the streets of Fort Wayne, thronging and enthusiastic crowds, lengthy and bombastic speeches Why did women not have the right to vote? Men believed that weakness and sentimentality disqualified them How did parties mobilize voters? Kept detailed records of voters, transported them to the polls, saw that they were registered where necessary, and sometimes even paid their poll taxes or naturalization fees to make them eligible. Why did Garfield win the presidency? Bc of the carefully organized, tightly balance parties mobilizing their supporters Where was each party strongest? Republicans: North and Midwest Democrats: South (and urban northeast)What themes did each party identify with? Republicans: nationalism and national unity Democrats: limited government and \"\"personal liberties\"\"What were political machines?"
},
{
"docid": "D1564150#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_did_Northerners_go_to_Kansas_after_the_Kansas-Nebraska_Act_passed\nWho passed the Kansas Nebraska act?",
"text": "Jonathan Begg Who passed the Kansas Nebraska act? Congress. It was introduced by Stephen Douglas. Mil Spec 2,522 Contributions Where was the kansas-nebraska act passed? It was passed in the U. S. Congress in 1854. President Franklin Pierce signed the bill into law on May 30, 1854. Chuck Siata 86,080 Contributions Avid political scientist with a strong focus on US History, including the political & military aspects of the US Civil War. Why did John Brown go to Kansas after the Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854 was passed? John Brown was a radical abolitionist. He and his sons traveled to Kansas to take part in the armed conflict there between pro andanti-slavery settlers."
},
{
"docid": "D906311#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/33026437/civil-war-flash-cards/\nCivil War",
"text": "\"108 terms Haier1331Civil War Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort New South The term \"\"New South\"\" is used in contrast to the Old South and the slavery-based plantation system of the antebellum period. Forty-Eighters The Forty-Eighters were Europeans who participated in or supported the revolutions of 1848 that swept Europe. In Germany, the Forty-Eighters favored unification of the German people, a more democratic government, and guarantees of human rights. Many emigrated to the United States, England, and Australia after the revolutions failed. They included Germans, Czechs, Hungarians, and others. Many were respected, wealthy, and well-educated; as such, they were not typical migrants. A large number went on to be very successful in their new countries. Solid South The term Solid South describes the electoral support of the Southern United States for Democratic Party candidates from 1877 (the end of Reconstruction) to 1964 (the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)."
},
{
"docid": "D1241508#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/16954056/apush-pageant-ch-18-flash-cards/\nAPUSH Pageant Ch. 18",
"text": "\"65 terms fisho_fishah APUSH Pageant Ch. 18Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sortmexican cession historical name for the region of the present day southwestern United States that was ceded to the U. S. by Mexico in 1848 under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo following the Mexican-American War. this massive land grab was significant because the question of extending slavery into newly acquired territories had become the leading national political issue.fire eaters refers to a group of extremist pro-slavery politicians from the South who urged the separation of southern states into a new nation, which became known as the Confederate States of America.election of 1848 Candidates: 1. Zachary Taylor-winner, honest, ignorant (whig) 2. Martin Van Buren (Free Soil Party- made slavery an issue) 3. Lewis Cass-father of popular sovereignty (Democrat). Zachary Taylor became president, died in office, making his vice president Millard Fillmore presidentlewis cass 1848 Democratic candidate known as the Father of Popular Sovereigntypopular sovereignty The concept that political power rests with the people who can create, alter, and abolish government. People express themselves through voting and free participation in governmentzachary taylor Whig Southern slave holder and war hero (Mexican-American War). Won the 1848 election. Did not address the issue of slavery at all in his platform."
},
{
"docid": "D3200062#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/59490582/slavery-flash-cards/\nSlavery",
"text": "\"70 terms sophia_antony Slavery Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Republicans In 1854 when the northern wigs broke up what party did they join? Stop the spread of slavery into western territories What was the republicans main goal He was a slave owner by a US army doctor Who was dread Scott Illinois state legislature, lawyer , and congress (as a Whig) Abraham Lincoln served as what Kansas-Nebraska Act What act did senator Stephen Douglas write Republicans chose Lincoln to run against Douglas. They both gave speeches about slavery. What was the senate race of 1858? States should have the right to own slaves Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina would have agreed that Northerners wanted the slave trade abolished in Washington DC What issue caused disagreement between the north and south in 1850? Never became law but alarmed people in the south The Wilmot Proviso, a proposal that slavery be banned in all territory gained from Mexico Free-Soil party Keeping slavery out if the western territories was the main goal of the Popular sovereignty The process of allowing people of each state or territory to decide for themselves whether to allow slavery was called? Voters in the territories should decided the issue The proposal by Stephan Douglas on the issue of slavery in the kansas and Nebraska Territories was that The fugitive salve act needed to be resisted What statement would John Brown probably agree with? Persuaded many people that slavery was wrong Uncle Tom's Cabin was an important book because it Proslavery and antislavery forces fought violently over whether Kansas would be a free state or a slaveholding state What earned the territory of Kansas the name \"\"bleeding Kansas\"\"He had denounced the ideas of his attacker's uncle an elderly senator What was Senator Charles Sumner badly beaten with a cane on the Senate floor In 1855Northern Whigs felt their party was not doing enough to stop the spread of slavery The Republican Party was formed because One hundred and five Republican Party candidates were elected to the House of Representatives What was the result of the election of 1854 showed the importance of the antislavery issue to northern voters Roger Taney Who wrote the Dread Scott decision?"
},
{
"docid": "D1787471#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/110289618/apush-2-flash-cards/\nAPUSH 2",
"text": "\"33 terms alli8APUSH 2Manifest Destiny & Sectionalism Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later18. The most important reason the North & South were cohesive in the 1840s despite the growing friction over slavery and western expansion was due to the existence of: Existence of two strong political parties (Whigs & Democrats)19. In the 1840s and 1850s, the friction between the North and South intensified due to this growing trend in U. S. history: Western expansion OR the spread of slavery into western territories20. What did the unsuccessful Wilmot Proviso propose? A ban on all slaves and free blacks in the Mexican Cession21. From 1848 to 1860, American politics experienced a number of third parties during presidential or Congressional elections. Name 2 third parties from 1848 to 1860 and explain what each stood for. Liberty Party (1840) wanted to abolish slavery; Free Soil Party (1848) wanted to keep slavery from expanding into Western territories; American Party (Know-Nothings in 1854 & 1856) wanted to reduce immigration (nativism); Constitutional Union Party (1860) wanted a compromise between the North & South22."
},
{
"docid": "D3159363#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/23659320/us-history-h-ch-14-flash-cards/\nUS HISTORY H CH. 14",
"text": "\"17 terms sportscrazy33US HISTORY H CH. 14Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Why did Northerners support the Wilmot Proviso? What was the source of its appeal? would have banned slavery in the conquered territories, and increased tensions. Resolved by the Compromise of 1850. North wanted to preserve West for free labor (so whites were able to expand and to get land); It was called Wilmot Proviso BECAUSE of David Wilmot (Democrat) PA \"\"Hose of Reps (passed).\"\" 1846-48 = Mexican-American War (unusual- proposed only about 2 months into the Mexican-American war) Lincoln objects to the expansion to the West. What happened in the presidential election of 1848?"
},
{
"docid": "D2122483#0",
"title": "http://journals.chapman.edu/ojs/index.php/VocesNovae/article/view/328/704\n",
"text": "\"The Reaction to the Dred Scott Decision Alix Oswald On March 6, 1857, Dred Scott's eleven-year struggle for freedom had finally come to an end. The Supreme Court of the United States rendered its decision, ruling that Dred Scott was still a slave. Even more controversially, the Court ruled that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional; that all blacks, free or enslaved, could never be United States citizens, and that Congress did not have the right to decide the slavery question in the territories. This loaded decision, which was supposed to solve the slavery question once and for all and more importantly mitigate the nation's growing sectional crisis, ended up creating more tension in the country between the North and South. The reaction to the decision varied by region and political party, with it being criticized by northerners and Republicans, and praised by southerners and Democrats. The nation's intense reaction to the Dred Scott decision not only had an effect on politics in the late 1850s, but would also serve as one of several precipitates for the ultimate breakdown in American politics, the southern secession and Civil War. Background on the Case In order to better understand the aftermath of the Supreme Court decision in the case of Scott v. Sandford, it is important to first detail the life Dred Scott and his family led under his masters, as well as the beginnings of the case. Born a slave in Virginia, Dred Scott's year of birth is estimated to have been around 1800. [ 1] His first known master was Peter Blow, a Virginia landowner and farmer. In 1818, the Blow family moved to Alabama, bringing with them their slave Dred, who at that time was named Sam. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1844111#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/133790789/history-chapter-16-questions-flash-cards/\nHistory Chapter 16 Questions",
"text": "\"38 terms ryan1030History Chapter 16 Questions Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort The Missouri Compromise There were 11 free states and 11 slave states in 1819. That year, Congress considered Missouri's application to join the Union as a slave state. Immediately, a crisis erupted. Conflict in Missouri Compromise Missouri's admission would give the South a majority in the Senate. Determined not to lose power, northerners opposed letting Missouri enter as a slave state. The argument lasted many months. Finally, Senator Henry Clay made a proposal. During the long debate, Maine had also applied for statehood."
},
{
"docid": "D1929192#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_(band)\nKansas (band)",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Kansas Kansas in 2016Background information Origin Topeka, Kansas, U. S. Genres Progressive rock [1] art rock [2]hard rock Years active1973–1984 1985–present Labels Kirshner MCA Magna Carta Inside Out Associated acts Proto-Kaw Streets AD Seventh Key Native Window Dixie Dregs Deep Purple Shooting Star Website kansasband .com Members Phil Ehart Rich Williams Billy Greer David Ragsdale David Manion Ronnie Platt Zak Rizvi Past members Kerry Livgren Dave Hope Robby Steinhardt Steve Walsh John Elefante Steve Morse Greg Robert Kansas is an American rock band that became popular in the 1970s initially on album-oriented rock charts and later with hit singles such as \"\" Carry On Wayward Son \"\" and \"\" Dust in the Wind \"\". [ 3] The band has produced nine gold albums, three multi-platinum albums ( Leftoverture 6x, Point of Know Return 4x, The Best of Kansas 4x), one other platinum studio album ( Monolith ), one platinum live double album ( Two for the Show ), and a million-selling single, \"\" Dust in the Wind \"\". Kansas appeared on the Billboard charts for over 200 weeks throughout the 1970s and 1980s and played to sold-out arenas and stadiums throughout North America, Europe and Japan. \"\" Carry On Wayward Son\"\" was the second-most-played track on US classic rock radio in 1995 and No. 1 in 1997. [ 4]Contents [ hide ]1 History1.1 1970–1973: Early years1.2 1974–1979: Rise to national prominence1.3 1980–1984: Creative tensions1.4 1985–1990: Reformation1.5 1991–1997: Addition of David Ragsdale1.6 1997–2006: Return of Robby Steinhardt1.7 2006–2014: Continued touring and regained popularity1.8 2014–present: Retirement of Steve Walsh, The Prelude Implicit2 Influences3 Appearances in other media4 Band members5 Discography6 Tours7 References8 External links History [ edit]1970–1973: Early years [ edit]In 1969 Lynn Meredith, Don Montre, Dan Wright and Kerry Livgren (guitars, keyboards, synthesizers) were performing in a band called The Reasons Why in their hometown of Topeka, Kansas. After changing the band's name to Saratoga, they started playing Livgren's original material with Scott Kessler playing bass and Zeke Lowe on drums. In 1970 they changed the band's name to Kansas and merged with members of rival Topeka progressive rock group White Clover. White Clover members Dave Hope (bass) and Phil Ehart (drums, percussion) joined with Livgren, vocalists Meredith and Greg Allen, keyboardists Montre and Wright and saxophonist Larry Baker. [ 3] This early Kansas group, which lasted until early 1971 when Ehart, Hope and some of the others left to re-form White Clover, is sometimes referred to as Kansas I. Ehart was replaced by Zeke Lowe and later Brad Schulz, Hope was replaced by Rod Mikinski on bass, and Baker was replaced by John Bolton on saxophone and flute. ("
},
{
"docid": "D1787474#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/18437603/matt-us-history-chapter-10-flash-cards/\nMatt - US History Chapter 10",
"text": "\"25 terms VHarman Matt - US History Chapter 10Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Dred Scott - Dred Scott was slave that argued that living in the free states made him a free man - Dred Scott vs Sandford was a 1857 Supreme Court case - Decision was that slaves were not citizens; that living in a free state or territory, even for many years, did not free slaves - Declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional..... - Ruling was 7-2 - Court also ruled that slaves were considered property according to the Constitution and therefore states could not exclude slavery - Southern states thought this was a victory and would allow slave expansion into their western territory/states - Chief Justice on case was Robert Taney Kansas-Nebraska Act - Law that split Nebraska into the territories/states of Nebraska and Kansas - Gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty. - It initiated as a bill proposed by Stephen Douglas, became a law in 1854 - This bill sparked bitter debates in Congress Fugitive Slave Act - Law that provided harsh punishment for escaped slaves and those that helped them - made it a crime to help runaway slaves; - allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal - required their return to slaveholders - Made North angry, Led to passing of Personal Liberty Laws Uncle Tom's Cabin - Anti-slavery novel promoting abolition of slavery - Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1853 - Highly influenced England's view on the American Deep South and slavery. - Intensified sectional conflict. Harper's Ferry - John Brown's scheme to invade the South and start a slave rebellion - He attacked a federal arsenal in Harper's Ferry, VA with northern abolitionists hoping to steal guns and arm slaves - Brown and others were caught by Robert E. Lee and federal soliders - Brown was hanged - Northerners praised Brown Southerners attacked his actions and began calling for secession Bleeding Kansas - A sequence of violent events involving anti-slavery abolitionists and pro-slavery activists that took place in Kansas. - John Brown, anti-slavery abolitionist killed 5 pro-slavery people - Dozens of violent actions were triggered across Kansas-Nebraska Territory - Over 200 were killed Because of violence, territory was named Bleeding Kansas. . Underground Railroad - System of secret routes used by escaping slaves to reach freedom in the North or in Canada - Created by freed slaves and white abolitionists in the North Abraham Lincoln - President of the United States during Civil War - Ran against Stephen Douglas - Won Presidential Election of 1860, received no electoral votes in the South - Had a series of debates about slavery in the territories - Opposed the spread of slavery - \"\"vast moral evil\"\" - Issued the Emancipation Proclamation - Also did not support popular sovereignty - Determined to preserve the Union, by force if necessary John Brown abolitionist who was hanged after leading an unsuccessful raid at Harper's Ferry, Virginia (1800-1858)Harriet Beecher Stowe - Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin - A book about a slave who is treated badly, in 1852. - The book persuaded more people, particularly Northerners, to become anti-slavery. Jefferson Davis - President of the Confederate States of America - He was an American statesman and politician - He served as for its entire history from 1861 to 1865Harriet Tubman - United States abolitionist - Born a slave on a plantation in Maryland - Became a famous conductor on the Underground Railroad leading other slaves to freedom in the North (1820-1913)Roger Taney - Chief Justice in the Dred Scott Case - Wrote that being a free state did not made a slave free and that slaves were considered property Nativism - The favoring of native-born people over immigrants - The new American Party came out of the split of the Whig Party - They were concerned about the growing number of immigrants in the US - Nativists were primarily middle-class Protestants, also concerned about growing number of Catholics - Felt that Catholic immigrants could form a conspiracy to overthrow democracy. John C. Freemont - First republican presidential candidate in 1856 election - He lost to Democratic James Buchanon but still won half the popular vote The Know Nothing Party - Political party to stop the influence of immigrants formed by the Nativisits - Members wanted to extend the time needed before immigrants could become citizens - Party initially did well but would split and disappear over the issue of slavery Personal Liberty Laws - Used in the North to forbidden improsionment of esaped slaves - guaranteed escaped slaves jury trials - Led to Underground Railroad being formed by freed slaves and white abolitionists Horace Greely - Newspaper editor that strongly supported the Republican party - He was frustrated by the split in the Whig Party - He and the Republican Party wanted to keep slavery out of the territories, like the Free Soil Party Popular Sovereignty rule by people through voting Franklin Pierce - Democratic candidate in election of 1852 - Won election - became 14th President of USFree-Soil Party - Another new party that arose in mid-1800s - Against extending slavery in western territories - Chose Democrat Martin Van Buren as Presidential candidate, but he didn't get any electoral votes - Many Northern were Free-Soilers but not slavery abolitionists and did not have positive feelings towards African Ams. - They often prohibited them from settling in their communities and did not want them to vote."
},
{
"docid": "D2618872#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/8750631/mexican-american-warcivil-war-flash-cards/\nMexican-American War/Civil War",
"text": "\"153 terms lary123Mexican-American War/Civil War AP U. S. History Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Frederick Douglas Ex-slave. Abolitionist Nat Turner Self-taught preacher slave. Led a rebellion in Virginia where they killed and dismembered 60 white people. William Lloyd Garrison Massachusetts abolitionist. Published the anti-slavery journal Liberator. He alienated some abolitionists because he was also pro-women's rights and kind of an anarchist. He thought government was bad because it relied on force. But all in all a very influential abolitionist. Founded American Anti-Slavery Society with Weld. Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin American Anti-slavery Society Started by William Lloyd Garrison and Theodore Weld."
}
] |
620157
|
what did the kennedy administration do following the flexible response policy
|
[
{
"docid": "D928071#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_administration\nForeign policy of the John F. Kennedy administration",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is part of a series about John F. Kennedy Service in WWII Electoral history Why England Slept Profiles in Courage A Nation of Immigrants Family President of the United States Presidency Timeline1960 Campaign Election Inauguration New Frontier Foreign Policy Doctrine\"\"A Strategy of Peace\"\" Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis Civil Rights Address Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Clean Air Peace Corps\"\"We choose to go to the Moon\"\"Space programs Mercury Gemini Apollo Appointments Cabinet Judges Assassination and legacy November 22, 1963 State Funeral Eternal Flame Memorials Library Legacy Cultural depictionsv t e The foreign policy of the John F. Kennedy administration in 1961–1963 saw diplomatic and military initiatives in Europe, Southeast Asia, Latin America and other regions amid considerable Cold War tensions. Kennedy deployed a new generation of foreign policy experts, dubbed \"\"the best and the brightest\"\". [ 1] Several of them were from the foreign policy think tanks. [ 1] In his inaugural address Kennedy encapsulated his Cold War stance as following: \"\"Let us never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear to negotiate\"\". [ 2]Kennedy's strategy of flexible response, managed by Robert Mc Namara, was aimed to reduce the possibility of war by miscalculation. Kennedy's administration contributed to the peaceful resolution of the Cuban Missile Crisis and refrained from further escalation of the 1961 Berlin Crisis. In 1961 Kennedy initiated the creation of Peace Corps, Arms Control and Disarmament Agency and Alliance for Progress. On October 7, 1963 he signed the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, which was accepted by the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom. Kennedy was praised for having a less rigid view of the world than his predecessor Dwight Eisenhower and for accepting the world's diversity, as well as for improving United States' standing in the Third World. ["
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D64541#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson\nLyndon B. Johnson",
"text": "\"Lyndon B. Johnson From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"LBJ\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see LBJ (disambiguation). Lyndon B. Johnson Lyndon B. Johnson in March 196436th President of the United States In office November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1969Vice President None (1963–1965) Hubert Humphrey (1965–1969)Preceded by John F. Kennedy Succeeded by Richard Nixon37th Vice President of the United States In office January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963President John F. Kennedy Preceded by Richard Nixon Succeeded by Hubert Humphrey United States Senator from Texas In office January 3, 1949 – January 3, 1961Preceded by W. Lee O'Daniel Succeeded by William A. Blakley Senate Majority Leader In office January 3, 1955 – January 3, 1961Deputy Earle C. Clements Mike Mansfield Preceded by William F. Knowland Succeeded by Mike Mansfield Senate Minority Leader In office January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1955Deputy Earle C. Clements Preceded by Styles Bridges Succeeded by William F. Knowland Senate Majority Whip In office January 3, 1951 – January 3, 1953Leader Ernest Mc Farland Preceded by Francis J. Myers Succeeded by Leverett Saltonstall Member of the U. S. House of Representatives from Texas 's 10th district In office April 10, 1937 – January 3, 1949Preceded by James P. Buchanan Succeeded by Homer Thornberry Personal details Born Lyndon Baines Johnson August 27, 1908 Stonewall, Texas, U. S. Died January 22, 1973 (aged 64) Stonewall, Texas, U. S. Resting place Johnson Family Cemetery Political party Democratic Spouse (s) Lady Bird Taylor ( m. 1934)Children Lynda and Luci Parents Samuel Ealy Johnson Jr. and Rebekah Baines Education Texas State University ( BA) Georgetown University Civilian awards Presidential Medal of Freedom (Posthumous; 1980)Signature Military service Allegiance United States Service/branch United States Navy Years of service 1940–1941 (Inactive) 1941–1942 (Active) 1942–1964 (Reserve)Rank Commander Unit U. S. Naval Reserve Battles/wars World War II • Salamaua-Lae campaign Military awards Silver Star Lyndon Baines Johnson ( / ˈ l ɪ n d ə n ˈ b eɪ n z /; August 27, 1908 – January 22, 1973), often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969, assuming the office after having served as the 37th Vice President of the United States from 1961 to 1963. A Democrat from Texas, he also served as a United States Representative and as the Majority Leader in the United States Senate. Johnson is one of only four people who have served in all four federal elected positions. [ a]Born in a farmhouse in Stonewall, Texas, Johnson was a high school teacher and worked as a Congressional aide before winning election to the House of Representatives in 1937. He won election to the Senate in 1948, and was appointed the position of Senate Majority Whip in 1951. He became the Senate Minority Leader in 1953 and the Senate Majority Leader in 1955. As a leader in the Senate, Johnson became known for his domineering personality and the \"\"Johnson treatment\"\", his aggressive coercion of powerful politicians to advance legislation. Johnson ran for the Democratic nomination in the 1960 presidential election."
},
{
"docid": "D3012599#0",
"title": "http://mason.gmu.edu/~pubp502/pfiffner-readings-legitimacy.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Published in James P. Pfiffner and Douglas A. Brook, eds. The Future of Merit: Twenty Years after the Civil Service Reform Act (Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000). Government Legitimacy and the Role of the Civil Service James P. Pfiffner George Mason University As the scope and roles of the U. S. government changed in the 20 th century, so did the role and legitimacy of the public service. This essay examines the changing relationship between government and the public service from the Progressive Era to the end of the century with an emphasis on the decline of the legitimacy of the state in recent decades. It then looks at the effects of that change in legitimacy on the role of the public service, specifically contracting out, privitization, and the fragmenting of the civil service. Finally, it takes up the implications of the disintegration of the national civil service system for the future of merit, the public service ethic, and accountability in the opening years of the 21 st century. I. Governmental Legitimacy and the Role of the Civil Service The civil service has always been caught between U. S. citizens’ skeptical attitudes toward government and the role of the national government. In the early 20 th century, the civil service was just emerging from the era of the spoils system. From the presidency of Andrew Jackson until the Pendleton Act of 1883 the staffing of the federal government was largely conducted by presidential administrations on the basis of political loyalty. Based on the premises that government work was basically simple, the political parties needed government jobs as incentives for their membership, and that politically loyal implementors were needed for faithful execution of the laws; the spoils system flourished."
},
{
"docid": "D654151#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/35496007/part-2-amer-history-unit-2-flash-cards/\nPart 2 Amer. History Unit 2",
"text": "\"99 terms nosscan97Part 2 Amer. History Unit 2Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort What did Truman ask Congress for regarding civil rights? A. A ban on the poll tax B. A permanent civil rights commission C. A federal anti-lynching law D. All of the above D. All of the above. Which were the issue (s) voters had on their minds in the 1946 congressional elections? A. Rising inflation B. Labor strikes C. Shortages of goods D. All of the above D. All of the above. In response to labor strikes that threatened to cripple the nation, Harry S. Truman threatened to draft business owners into the military. A. True B. False B. False What is the marketing strategy in which manufacturers purposely design products to wear out or become outdated in a short period of time? A. Consumer mandate B. Franchise opportunity C. Planned obsolescence D. None of the above C. Planned obsolescence Which man developed a vaccine against polio? A. Dr. Benjamin Spock B. Dr. Jonas Salk C. Dr. William Sears D. Dr. Albert Sabin B. Dr. Jonas Salk Consumerism is the preoccupation with buying material goods. A. True B. False A. True Which was not characteristic of films in the 1950s?"
},
{
"docid": "D2183475#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Frontier\nNew Frontier",
"text": "\"For other uses, see New Frontier (disambiguation). Part of a series on Progressivism History [show]Ideas [show]People [show]By region [show]Philosophy portal Politics portalv t e The term New Frontier was used by liberal Democratic [1] presidential candidate John F. Kennedy in his acceptance speech in the 1960 United States presidential election to the Democratic National Convention at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum as the Democratic slogan to inspire America to support him. The phrase developed into a label for his administration's domestic and foreign programs. We stand today on the edge of a New Frontier — the frontier of the 1960s, the frontier of unknown opportunities and perils, the frontier of unfilled hopes and unfilled threats. ... Beyond that frontier are uncharted areas of science and space, unsolved problems of peace and war, unconquered problems of ignorance and prejudice, unanswered questions of poverty and surplus. [ 2]In the words of Robert D. Marcus: \"\"Kennedy entered office with ambitions to eradicate poverty and to raise America’s eyes to the stars through the space program.\"\" [ 3]Amongst the legislation passed by Congress during the Kennedy Administration, unemployment benefits were expanded, aid was provided to cities to improve housing and transportation, funds were allocated to continue the construction of a national highway system started under Eisenhower, a water pollution control act was passed to protect the country’s rivers and streams, and an agricultural act to raise farmers’ incomes was made law. [ 4] A significant amount of anti-poverty legislation was passed by Congress, including increases in social security benefits and in the minimum wage, several housing bills, and aid to economically distressed areas. A few antirecession public works packages, [3] together with a number of measures designed to assist farmers, [5] were introduced. Major expansions and improvements were made in Social Security (including retirement at 62 for men), hospital construction, library services, family farm assistance and reclamation. ["
},
{
"docid": "D19819#0",
"title": "http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/HooversEconomicPolicies.html\n.",
"text": "When it was all over, I once made a list of New Deal ventures begun during Hoover’s years as Secretary of Commerce and then as president. . . . The New Deal owed much to what he had begun. 1 —FDR advisor Rexford G. Tugwell Many historians, most of the general public, and even many economists think of Herbert Hoover, the president who preceded Franklin D. Roosevelt, as a defender of laissez-faire economic policy. According to this view, Hoover’s dogmatic commitment to small government led him to stand by and do nothing while the economy collapsed in the wake of the 1929 stock market crash. The reality is quite different. Far from being a bystander, Hoover actively intervened in the economy, advocating and implementing polices that were quite similar to those that Franklin Roosevelt later implemented. Moreover, many of Hoover's interventions, like those of his successor, caused the Great Depression to be “great”—that is, to last a long time. Hoover’s early career Hoover, a very successful mining engineer, thought that the engineer’s focus on efficiency could enable government to play a larger and more constructive role in the economy. In 1917, he became head of the wartime Food Administration, working to reduce American food consumption. Many Democrats, including FDR, saw him as a potential presidential candidate for their party in the 1920s."
},
{
"docid": "D928069#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexible_response\nFlexible response",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. ( March 2012) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Flexible response represented a capability to fight across all spectrums of warfare, not just with nuclear arms such as this Titan II missile. Flexible response was a defense strategy implemented by John F. Kennedy in 1961 to address the Kennedy administration's skepticism of Dwight Eisenhower 's New Look and its policy of massive retaliation. Flexible response calls for mutual deterrence at strategic, tactical, and conventional levels, giving the United States the capability to respond to aggression across the spectrum of war, not limited only to nuclear arms. Contents [ hide ]1 History2 Stages3 Development of the strategic triad4 Two-and-a-half war doctrine5 Assured destruction5.1 No-cities doctrine6 Further reading7 External links History [ edit]The New Look policy, though initially useful, quickly became obsolete with the introduction of inter-continental delivery systems that undermined the credibility of a deterrence threat. The cornerstone of U. S. and European defense strategy was then threatened as the U. S. could no longer rely on nuclear threats to provide security for it and its allies. John F. Kennedy won the presidency by claiming that the Republican Party had allowed the U. S. to fall behind the Soviets into a missile gap. Upon entering office Kennedy cited General Maxwell Taylor's book The Uncertain Trumpet to Congress for its conclusion that massive retaliation left the U. S. with only two choices: defeat on the ground or the resort to the use of nuclear weapons. Technology had improved since massive retaliation was adopted."
},
{
"docid": "D770958#0",
"title": "https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/history-2-final/deck/9034352\n.",
"text": "Which of the following industries led the economic boom of the postwar era?cars The 1944 GI Bill of rights gave... Veterans subsides for education or opening a small business The ________ Act of 1947 authorized the president to seek court injunctions to prevent strikes that endangered the national interest.taft hartley The diplomat whose article “The Sources of Soviet Conduct” shaped America’s containment policy was D) George F. Kennan. * Containment policy was based on the assumption that...the soviet union would constantly seek to expand In 1946, Bernard Baruch offered an American plan to the United Nations for eventually B) outlawing atomic weapons. The Truman Doctrine was created to What 1947 U. S. policy is described in the following statement? “ It must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. ”The Marshall Plan provided After the United States proposed the Marshall Plan, Stalin In June 1948, the Soviet Union challenged the policies of the Allies in Western Europe by closing In 1946, President Truman alienated southern conservatives by The winner of the 1948 presidential contest, in one of the most stunning upsets in modern politics, was Harry Truman called his national policies and programs the The original purpose of NATO was to create a The American ally and leader of the Chinese Nationalists after World War II was After Mao Zedong’s 1949 victory in China, Truman was After World War II, Korea was taken from Japan and Officially, the Korean War was a struggle between North Korea and the During the Korean War, Truman removed General ________ from his command for insubordination. Speaking of a potential conflict with ___________, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Omar N. Bradley, said in 1951 that it “would involve us in the wrong war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time and with the wrong enemy. ”The president of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and former State Department official accused of being a communist was In the 1950s, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were convicted and executed for The Wisconsin senator identified with wild charges about communists in government was“The reason we find ourselves in a position of impotency is not because our only powerful potential enemy has sent men to invade our shores, but rather because of the traitorous actions of those who have been treated so well by this nation.” This statement was from a speech given in 1950 by whom? In 1952, Dwight D. Eisenhower and the Republican Party effectively used the issue of the ________ to defeat the Democrats. President Eisenhower’s program included The politician who called his program of being flexible without compromising his basic values “dynamic conservatism” or “progressive moderation” was Eisenhower’s secretary of state who advocated emphasizing massive retaliation with nuclear weapons rather than containment with conventional forces was Eisenhower and Dulles concluded that their “new look” policy of massive retaliation worked when their willingness to use tactical nuclear weapons and their vague warnings seemed to force the In its Middle Eastern policy, the Truman administration consistently supported The 1957 Eisenhower Doctrine declared that the United States’ policy in the Middle East was to What did Nasser do in response to Eisenhower’s refusal to finance the Aswan Dam?"
},
{
"docid": "D636688#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_Ronald_Reagan_administration\nDomestic policy of the Ronald Reagan administration",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search President Ronald Reagan This article is part of a series about Ronald Reagan Electoral history Political positions Early life Career Films Public image Governor of California Governorship 1976 General election Primaries Convention40th President of the United States Presidency Timeline Policies Domestic Reaganomics Foreign Reagan Doctrine International trips Appointments Cabinet Judicial appointments First Term Campaign for the Presidency1980 general election Primaries Convention1st inauguration Assassination attempt Invasion of Grenada Cold War Second Term Re-election campaign1984 general election Primaries Convention2nd inauguration Cold War Libya bombing Challenger disaster Iran–Contra affair\"\"Tear down this wall!\"\" INF Treaty Post-Presidency Presidential Library Medal of Freedom Bibliography An American Life The Reagan Diaries Alzheimer's diagnosis State funeral Legacy Speeches and debates\"\"A Time for Choosing\"\"Reagan Era Reagan Awardv t e This article discusses the domestic policy of the Ronald Reagan administration from 1981 to 1989. Reagan's policies stressed conservative economic values, starting with his implementation of supply-side economic policies, dubbed as \"\" Reaganomics \"\" by both supporters and detractors. His policies also included the largest tax cut in American history as well as increased defense spending as part of his Soviet strategy. However, he significantly raised taxes four times due to economic conditions and reforms, but the tax reforms instituted during presidency brought top marginal rates to their lowest levels since 1931, such that by 1988, the top US marginal tax rate was 28%. [ 1] [2]Notable events included his firing of nearly 12,000 striking air traffic control workers and appointing the first woman to the Supreme Court bench, Sandra Day O'Connor. He believed in federalism, free markets and passed policies to encourage development of private business, routinely criticizing and defunding the public sector. Despite his support for limited government, he greatly accelerated the nation's War on Drugs. [ 3]Contents [ hide ]1 \"\"Reaganomics\"\" and the economy1.1 Policies1.2 Economic record1.3 Oil policy1.4 Legacy2 Environment3 Unions and corporations3.1 Air traffic controllers' strike4 Military4.1 Strategic Defense Initiative5 The arts6 Education7 War on Drugs8 The Judiciary9 Response to AIDS10 Gay rights11 Civil rights12 References13 Further sources14 External links\"\"Reaganomics\"\" and the economy [ edit]Main article: Reaganomics Policies [ edit]Reagan gives a televised address from the Oval Office, outlining his plan for Tax Reduction Legislation in July 1981. Based on supply-side economics, Reagan implemented his economic policies in 1981."
},
{
"docid": "D1678051#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Kissinger\nHenry A. Kissinger",
"text": "Henry A. Kissinger, in full Henry Alfred Kissinger, (born May 27, 1923, Fürth, Germany), American political scientist, who, as adviser for national security affairs and secretary of state, was a major influence in the shaping of U. S. foreign policy from 1969 to 1976 under Presidents Richard M. Nixon and Gerald R. Ford. In 1973 he was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace with Le Duc Tho of North Vietnam for their efforts to negotiate a peaceful settlement of the Vietnam War. Kissinger’s family immigrated to the United States in 1938 to escape the Nazi persecution of Jews. He became a naturalized citizen in 1943. He served in the U. S. Army during World War II and in the postwar U. S. military government of Germany. After leaving the service, he entered Harvard University, where he received a B. A. (1950) and a Ph. D. (1954). In 1954 he joined the faculty as an instructor, becoming professor of government in 1962 and director of the Defense Studies Program from 1959 to 1969. He also served as a consultant on security matters to various U. S. agencies from 1955 to 1968, spanning the administrations of Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, and Lyndon B. Johnson. Kissinger’s Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy (1957) established him as an authority on U. S. strategic policy."
},
{
"docid": "D1751884#0",
"title": "http://www.historynet.com/lyndon-b-johnson\nLyndon B. Johnson",
"text": "\"Lyndon B. Johnson Facts, information and articles about Lyndon B. Johnson, the 36th U. S. President Lyndon B. Johnson Facts Born8/27/1908Died1/22/1973Spouse Claudia Alta \"\"Lady Bird\"\" Taylor Years Of Military Service1941-1942Rank Lieutenant Commander Accomplishments Silver Star Presidential Medal of Freedom 36th President of the United States Lyndon B. Johnson Articles Explore articles from the History Net archives about Lyndon B. Johnson» See all Lyndon B. Johnson Articles Lyndon Baines Johnson, 36th President of the United States Lyndon B. Johnson summary: Lyndon Johnson, also often referred to as LBJ, was the 36th president of the United States of America. He was born in Texas in 1908. After attending what is now Texas State University, Johnson taught school for a short period of time. He was more interested in politics than teaching, and in 1931, he became a legislative secretary under a Texas congressman. He was elected by a special election into Congress in 1937, and then he served several terms through 1948. He was elected into the senate in 1948 and became minority leader in 1953—the youngest in the history of the US Senate. The following year, when the Democrats took control of the senate, he became the majority leader. In 1960, he was chosen by John F. Kennedy to be Kennedy’s vice-president on the Democratic ticket. Kennedy defeated Richard Nixon, who was vice-president under Republican incumbent Dwight Eisenhower, by a small margin. In 1963, Kennedy was assassinated, and Johnson became the 36th U. S. president."
},
{
"docid": "D2163166#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/42225394/chapter-30-flash-cards/\nChapter 30",
"text": "\"32 terms tinydeers Chapter 30Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Critical to John F Kennedy's victory in the election of 1960 was his success in televised debates against Nixon In contrast to Eisenhower, Kennedy's staff was heavily populated with academics and intellectuals John F. Kennedy played down civil rights legislation because he feared the possibility of alienating Southern Democrats The most far reaching decision of the Warren Court involved Legislative reapportionment In the election of 1964, President Lyndon Johnson easily defeated Barry Goldwater The ___ establisehed the Fiar Employment practices committee to lessen discrminiation in employment civil Rights Act of 1964John F Kennedy's plan to balance out nuclear capability with conventional military strength was known as Flexible response Kennedy's foreign policy appraoch to Latin America was known as the Alliance for Progress One result of the Cuban Missile Crisis was the hot line Which of the following regions was NOT a foreign policy crisis for John F. Kennedy Mexico The man selected to serve as secretary of defense by John F kennedy was Robert Mc Namara The building of the Berlin Wall in 1961 Was meant to keep East Germans from migrating to the West The foreign policy of Lyndon Johnson ... Lyndon Johnson's political downfall resulted primarily from his obsession with the Vietnam war Under John F Kennedy, the US government ... As a solution to the increasingly hopeless situation in South Vietnam in 1965, Johnson's key advisers urged a massive invasion of North Vietnam American bombing of North Vietnam ... The main premise of General Westmoreland's stragety in Vietnam was to wage a war of attrition against the Communist In Vietnam, AMerican military strategists counted heavily on the benefits of massive American firepower For the US, the turning point of the Vietnam war was the Tet Offensive In general, American tactics in the Vietnam War were ill suited for the type of war being fought The Soivet leader wtih whom both Eisenhower and Kennedy had to deal was Nikita Khrushchev The 1962 Supreme Court decision banning school prayer was Engle v Vitale The _____ was Kennedy's most obvious foreign policy disaster Bay of Pigs invasion The nickname for John Kennedy's presidential administration is the age of camelot The ____ gave President Johnson authority to \"\"take all neccessary measures to repeal any armed attack against the forces of the US in Southeast Asia Gulf of Tonkin Resolution The foregin policy problem that eventually forced Johnson out of politics was Vietnam In his program of health care, Johnson secured Establishment of the Medicare program for the elderly President kennedy became extremely frustrated when leaders of the __ industry decided to raise prices steel industry Which one of the following sponored the Freedom Riders Congress of Racial Equitity The Civil Rights Act of 1964 All of the above (outlawed racial segregation in public facilities, outlawed racial discrimination in employment, protected the voting rights of African Americans, included gender as an unacceptable basis for discrimination)Why did Kennedy support the Bay of Pigs invasion he believed it would thwart the aims of the Soviet Union Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Features Quizlet Live Quizlet Learn Diagrams Flashcards Mobile Help Sign up Help Center Honor Code Community Guidelines Students Teachers About Company Press Jobs Privacy Terms Follow us Language© 2018 Quizlet Inc. \""
},
{
"docid": "D2938173#0",
"title": "http://military.wikia.com/wiki/Brinkmanship_(Cold_War)\nBrinkmanship (Cold War)",
"text": "\"Contents [ show]Theory Edit Origin Edit The term \"\"brinkmanship\"\" was originally coined by United States Secretary of State John Foster Dulles during the height of the Cold War. [ citation needed] The term came from the political Hungarian theory of pushing the military to the brink of war in order to convince another nation to follow your demands. In an article written in Life Magazine, Dulles defined his policy of brinkmanship as \"\"The ability to get to the verge without getting into the war is the necessary art.\"\" [ 1] During the Cold War, this was used as a policy by the United States to coerce the Soviet Union into backing down militarily. Conceptualization Edit In the spectrum of the Cold War, the concept of brinkmanship involved the West and the Soviet Union using fear tactics and intimidation as strategies to make the opposing faction back down. Each party pushed dangerous situations to the brink, with the intention of making the other back down in matters of international politics and foreign policy, to obtain concessions. Nevertheless, in the Cold War both parties were confronted with devastating consequences since the threats of nuclear war were unmanageable in any situation. By escalating threats of nuclear war and massive retaliation, both parties were forced to respond with more force. The principle of this tactic was that each party would prefer not to yield to the other, however one would simply have to yield since if neither of the parties yielded, the outcome would be the worst possible for both. The problem, however, was that yielding would result in being labelled as the weaker of the two and in the Cold War both the Soviet Union and the United States had a reputation to uphold to both their populations and their neighboring countries or allies, thus making brinkmanship utterly risky."
},
{
"docid": "D2839556#0",
"title": "http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/ess_nixongold.html\n.",
"text": "\"Essay [Following the Kennedy-Johnson administration in the United States, there was a massive effort to manage the marketplace, in part by controlling wages.] This initiative was not the handiwork of left-wing liberals but of the administration of Richard Nixon, a moderately conservative Republican who was a critic of government intervention in the economy. As a young man during World War II, prior to joining the navy, Nixon had worked as a junior attorney in the tire-rationing division of the Office of Price Administration, an experience that left him with a lasting distaste for price controls. What, then, were the forces that led Nixon to try to impose government management on the most basic elements of the market? Certainly, economic matters were hardly his passion. That was reserved for foreign policy. Even foreign economic policy did not much interest him. There was a memorable time during some moment of international monetary perturbation when he rudely suggested exactly what should be done with the lira. As for domestic economics, he liked to give his radio talks on economics at noon on Saturdays, because he was convinced that the only listeners would be farmers riding their tractors, and they were likely, in any event, to be his supporters. For one thing, whatever the effects of the Vietnam War on the national consensus in the 1960s, confidence had risen in the ability of government to manage the economy and to reach out to solve big social problems through such programs as the War on Poverty."
},
{
"docid": "D1599522#0",
"title": "https://www.ukessays.com/essays/history/the-history-of-the-monroe-doctrine-history-essay.php\nThe History Of The Monroe Doctrine History Essay",
"text": "\"The History Of The Monroe Doctrine History Essay Print Reference this Published: 23rd March, 2015Disclaimer: This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UK Essays. Each of the early Presidents of the United States had his own foreign policy. Some Presidents wanted to be isolated from European activities, while others were constantly trying to make alliances with Britain or France. Despite their differences, past Presidents have generally agreed that they had to protect the country. Monroe's foreign policy, centered on the pillars of nonintervention and noncolonization, greatly influenced the general policies of later Presidents. These Presidents did not completely obey the principles of the Monroe Doctrine, but they used it as a general outline for their own foreign policies. From its beginning, the United States had a history of being caught in European affairs. As colonies, America depended on the mother country for manufactured products and military defense."
},
{
"docid": "D529550#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/11220153/apush-cold-war-era-flash-cards/\nAPUSH-Cold War Era",
"text": "\"109 terms megjas2013APUSH-Cold War Era Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Harry S. Truman The 33rd U. S. president, who succeeded Franklin D. Roosevelt upon Roosevelt's death in April 1945. Truman, who led the country through the last few months of World War II, is best known for making the controversial decision to use two atomic bombs against Japan in August 1945. After the war, Truman was crucial in the implementation of the Marshall Plan, which greatly accelerated Western Europe's economic recovery. George F. Kennan an American advisor, diplomat, political scientist, and historian, best known as \"\"the father of containment\"\" and as a key figure in the emergence of the Cold War. He later wrote standard histories of the relations between Russia and the Western powers. Douglas Mac Arthur United States general who served as chief of staff and commanded Allied forces in the South Pacific during World War IIJulius and Ethel Rosenberg Arrested in the Summer of 1950 and executed in 1953, they were convicted of conspiring to commit espionage by passing plans for the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union. Joseph Mc Carthy United States politician who unscrupulously accused many citizens of being Communists (1908-1957)Dwight Eisenhower United States general who supervised the invasion of Normandy and the defeat of Nazi Germany Richard M. Nixon He was a committee member of the House of Representatives, Committee on Un-American Activities (to investigate \"\"subversion\"\"). He tried to catch Alger Hiss who was accused of being a communist agent in the 1930's."
},
{
"docid": "D453834#0",
"title": "http://www.iacaanet.org/history.php\nHistory of Community Action",
"text": "\"History of Community Action What is Community Action? In 1964, The Great Society, as envisioned by President Lyndon Johnson, was a sweeping plan to improve the lives of all Americans, regardless of their circumstances. Inspired by President Kennedy and his New Frontier, Johnson pledged to fulfill his promise of equal opportunity for all by enacting several comprehensive changes within the federal government. In August of that same year, the Economic Opportunity Act was signed into law by President Johnson creating the nationwide Community Action Network. The War on Poverty In 1963, shortly before he was assassinated, President Kennedy had asked his economic advisors to draw up some proposals to address the problem of American poverty. Johnson took up this charge after he succeeded Kennedy as President. In Johnson's first State of the Union address on June 8, 1964, he called for an unconditional war to defeat poverty. He expanded and revised the proposals given to Kennedy and developed the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964. The act included a variety of initiatives: Head Start Job Corps Work-Study program for university students VISTA (Volunteers in Service to America) - a domestic version of the Peace Corps Neighborhood Youth Corps Basic education and adult job training CAPS (Community Action Programs) - CAPS turned out to be the most controversial part of the package, as it proposed the \"\" maximum feasible participation \"\" by poor people themselves to determine what would help them the most. CAPS were a radical departure from how government had run most social reform programs in the past."
},
{
"docid": "D625756#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_Johnson\nLyndon B. Johnson",
"text": "\"Lyndon B. Johnson From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Lyndon Johnson)navigation search\"\"LBJ\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see LBJ (disambiguation). Lyndon B. Johnson Lyndon B. Johnson in March 196436th President of the United States In office November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1969Vice President None (1963–1965) Hubert Humphrey (1965–1969)Preceded by John F. Kennedy Succeeded by Richard Nixon37th Vice President of the United States In office January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963President John F. Kennedy Preceded by Richard Nixon Succeeded by Hubert Humphrey United States Senator from Texas In office January 3, 1949 – January 3, 1961Preceded by W. Lee O'Daniel Succeeded by William A. Blakley Senate Majority Leader In office January 3, 1955 – January 3, 1961Deputy Earle C. Clements Mike Mansfield Preceded by William F. Knowland Succeeded by Mike Mansfield Senate Minority Leader In office January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1955Deputy Earle C. Clements Preceded by Styles Bridges Succeeded by William F. Knowland Senate Majority Whip In office January 3, 1951 – January 3, 1953Leader Ernest Mc Farland Preceded by Francis J. Myers Succeeded by Leverett Saltonstall Member of the U. S. House of Representatives from Texas 's 10th district In office April 10, 1937 – January 3, 1949Preceded by James P. Buchanan Succeeded by Homer Thornberry Personal details Born Lyndon Baines Johnson August 27, 1908 Stonewall, Texas, U. S. Died January 22, 1973 (aged 64) Stonewall, Texas, U. S. Resting place Johnson Family Cemetery Political party Democratic Spouse (s) Lady Bird Taylor ( m. 1934)Children Lynda and Luci Parents Samuel Ealy Johnson Jr. and Rebekah Baines Education Texas State University ( BA) Georgetown University Civilian awards Presidential Medal of Freedom (Posthumous; 1980)Signature Military service Allegiance United States Service/branch United States Navy Years of service 1940–1941 (Inactive) 1941–1942 (Active) 1942–1964 (Reserve)Rank Commander Unit U. S. Naval Reserve Battles/wars World War II • Salamaua-Lae campaign Military awards Silver Star Lyndon Baines Johnson ( / ˈ l ɪ n d ə n ˈ b eɪ n z /; August 27, 1908 – January 22, 1973), often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969, assuming the office after having served as the 37th Vice President of the United States from 1961 to 1963. A Democrat from Texas, he also served as a United States Representative and as the Majority Leader in the United States Senate. Johnson is one of only four people who have served in all four federal elected positions. [ a]Born in a farmhouse in Stonewall, Texas, Johnson was a high school teacher and worked as a Congressional aide before winning election to the House of Representatives in 1937. He won election to the Senate in 1948, and was appointed the position of Senate Majority Whip in 1951. He became the Senate Minority Leader in 1953 and the Senate Majority Leader in 1955. As a leader in the Senate, Johnson became known for his domineering personality and the \"\"Johnson treatment\"\", his aggressive coercion of powerful politicians to advance legislation. Johnson ran for the Democratic nomination in the 1960 presidential election."
},
{
"docid": "D705592#0",
"title": "https://fas.org/irp/gao/ggd94055.htm\nAlternative Work Schedules: Many Agencies Do Not Allow Employees the Full Flexibility Permitted by Law",
"text": "\"FAS | Intelligence | GAO Reports |||| Index | Search | Join FASAlternative Work Schedules: Many Agencies Do Not Allow Employees the Full Flexibility Permitted by Law (Letter Report, 03/29/94, GAO/GGD-94-55)The law has authorized the use of alternative work schedules for federal workers for years, and large numbers of employees in many organizations use them to help balance their working lives with their personal needs and family situations. At the same time, many employees are not allowed to use alternative work schedules, and few organizations allow their employees to use the options offering the greatest flexibility, such as gliding schedules with credit hours. More supportive management would make alternative work schedules more widely available to workers. GAO believes that federal agencies would benefit by expanding the use of alternative work schedules. GAO believes that it would make sense for all federal agencies to capitalize on the alternative work schedule program and use it to their advantage to attract and retain quality employees. GAO's findings clearly support the National Performance Review's suggestion that the President, by executive order, require agencies to use alternative work schedules. --------------------------- Indexing Terms ----------------------------- REPORTNUM: GGD-94-55 TITLE: Alternative Work Schedules: Many Agencies Do Not Allow Employees the Full Flexibility Permitted by Law DATE: 03/29/94 SUBJECT: Personnel management Federal employees Flexible work schedules Labor-management relations Employee benefit plans Working conditions Occupational surveys Agency missions Productivity Fringe benefits IDENTIFIER: National Performance Review ************************************************************************** * This file contains an ASCII representation of the text of a GAO * * report. Delineations within the text indicating chapter titles, * * headings, and bullets are preserved. Major divisions and subdivisions * * of the text, such as Chapters, Sections, and Appendixes, are * * identified by double and single lines. The numbers on the right end * * of these lines indicate the position of each of the subsections in the * * document outline."
},
{
"docid": "D2885115#0",
"title": "http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/presidents/richard-milhous-nixon/vietnamization-speech-1969.php\nRichard Milhous Nixon",
"text": "\"Richard Milhous Nixon Vietnamization Speech, November 3, 1969Good evening, my fellow Americans: - Tonight I want to talk to you on a subject of deep concern to all Americans and to many people in all parts of the world - the war in Vietnam. I believe that one of the reasons for the deep division about Vietnam is that many Americans have lost confidence in what their Government has told them about our policy. The American people cannot and should not be asked to support a policy which involves the overriding issues of war and peace unless they know the truth about that policy. Tonight, therefore, I would like to answer some of the questions that I know are on the minds of many of you listening to me. How and why did America get involved in Vietnam in the first place? How has this administration changed the policy of the previous administration? What has really happened in the negotiations in Paris and on the battlefront in Vietnam? What choices do we have if we are to end the war? What are the prospects for peace? Now, let me begin by describing the situation I found when I was inaugurated on January 20."
},
{
"docid": "D928072#0",
"title": "http://www.history.army.mil/books/AMH/AMH-27.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Chapter 27GLOBAL PRESSURES AND THE FLEXIBLE RESPONSEBYWALTER G. HERMESExtract from AMERICAN MILITARY HISTORYARMY HISTORICAL SERIESOFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF MILITARY HISTORYUNITED STATES ARMY [591]CHAPTER 27Global Pressures and the Flexible Response When President John F. Kennedy assumed office in the opening days of 1961, the prospects for peace were not encouraging. Premier Khruschev had been cool since an American U2 plane gathering intelligence had been shot down over Russia in the spring of 1960. Although the possibility of a general nuclear war had receded, Soviet support of wars of national liberation had increased. Despite the unfavorable signs President Kennedy was quite willing to renew the quest for peace. As he pointed out in his budget message of March 1961, the United States would make \"\"efforts to explore all possibilities and to take every step to lessen tensions, to attain peaceful solutions, and to secure arms limitation.\"\" To Mr. Kennedy, diplomacy and defense were not distinct alternatives, but complemented each other. Yet the President, well aware that the search for peace might be long, determined to give the United States a more flexible defense posture that would enable the nation to back its diplomacy with appropriate military action. The country should be strong enough to survive and retaliate after an enemy attack, on the one hand, and be able to prevent the erosion of the free world through limited war, on the other, the President informed Congress. \"\" Any potential aggressor contemplating an attack on any part of the free world with any kind of weapons, conventional or nuclear, must know that our response will be suitable, selective, swift, and effective. \"\" The Changing Face of the Cold War As President Kennedy ushered in the era of flexible response, massive retaliation was officially de-emphasized."
}
] |
620160
|
what did the kkk do
|
[
{
"docid": "D3170096#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/FAQ/5664\nKu Klux Klan",
"text": "\"Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society Society and Civilization Organizations Ku Klux Klan Unanswered | Answered Ku Klux Klan Parent Category: Organizations Ku Klux Klan (KKK) or the \"\"the Klan\"\" is the extremist right wing secret society in the US that opposes black emancipation, asserts white supremacy, and democratic rule through terrorism and violence.1 2 3 >Who were the main victims of the KKK? The main direct victims were black Americans but everyone has been harmed to some degree by the KKK. Does the grand dragon of the Klu Klux Klan live in Indiana? The basic system for the Ku Klux Klan was for each state to have its own 'Grand Dragon' and there was no official National Leader for the KKK. But at one point the Grand Dragon of Indiana was also the Grand Dragon of 22 other northern US states. It was D. C. Stephenson who was this Multi-State Grand... When did the Klu Klux Klan begin? The Ku Klux Klan started in Pulaski, Tennessee, in May, 1866 after the Civil War with a group of white Southerners who were very angry when the war ended. They were angry because the Blacks had won their freedom from slavery and they had lost their slaves. Richard R. Reed suggested the word kuklos,... Is Ku Klux Klan an alliteration? Alliteration absolutely always advances an argument, affirmatively answering alphabetically."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D3339665#0",
"title": "https://www.scribd.com/doc/93185351/DBQ-Who-Killed-Reconstruction\nMadison Burns Thomas hr. 6 January 24, 2012 DBQ: Who is Responsible for the Failure of Reconstruction?",
"text": "Madison Burns Thomas hr. 6 January 24, 2012 DBQ: Who is Responsible for the Failure of Reconstruction? Reconstruction is the period of time after the civil war. During this time both the North and the South are trying to find ways that, would allow the sides to reconnect in a civilized way. The North is responsible for reconstruction’s downfall and essentially killing the reconstruction period. This was through lack of control, deep corruption in government, and an in-difference for the South. The Northern states during this time after the war really wanted to South to “reunite” with the North and all become one nation again. This became clear that the South had a majorly different plan. The North was not able to control the Southern states. Whether it was Carpetbaggers, The KKK, or just normal people causing the problems, the Northern states were not able to keep everyone out of trouble or controlled."
},
{
"docid": "D527052#0",
"title": "http://wolfenstein.wikia.com/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan\nKu Klux Klan",
"text": "\"The Ku Klux Klan or commonly known as the KKK, or simply Klan, is the white supremacist group in the US that advocate for harsh and violent policies towards non-whites, Jews, homosexuals, Catholics and leftists. After the Nazis occupied the US, the Nazis helped the KKK purge the African-American community, through brutality and oppression, and causing the rest to either flee, or become slaves. The Nazis then allowed the KKK to govern the southern states, due to them being seen as loyal enough, as well as not a threat. This has also caused their numbers to swell enormously. As a result, most black people joined the American Resistance, to fight both the Nazis and the KKK. However, in Roswell, it shows that the Klan still treads cautiously around Nazi Authorities. They are no exception to the strict German Learning policy enforced within the Nazi-Conquered United States. A pair of KKK members can be seen conversing with a Nazi soldier, who gives them advice about what the future beholds under German rule. The soldier then asks the two KKK members if they have been practicing their German. However, when asked to say \"\"Thank you (Danke schön),\"\" they stammer as they are unable due to their heavy southern accents, causing the soldier to warn them to practice harder, or they'll have forced education."
},
{
"docid": "D803381#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxing\nDoxing",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search It has been suggested that Human flesh search engine be merged into this article. ( Discuss) Proposed since March 2018. Doxing (from dox, abbreviation of documents [1]) or doxxing [2] [3] is the Internet -based practice of researching and broadcasting private or identifiable information (especially personally identifiable information) about an individual or organization. [ 3] [4] [5] [6] [7]The methods employed to acquire this information include searching publicly available databases and social media websites (like Facebook ), hacking, and social engineering. It is closely related to internet vigilantism and hacktivism. Doxing may be carried out for various reasons, including to aid law enforcement, business analysis, risk analytics, extortion, coercion, harassment, online shaming, and vigilante justice. [ 8] [9]Contents [ hide ]1 Etymology2 History3 Common techniques4 Notable examples4.1 Boston Marathon4.2 Hit lists of abortion providers4.3 Anonymous4.4 Human flesh search engine4.5 Journalists4.6 Curt Schilling4.7 Alondra Cano4.8 Lou Dobbs4.9 Erdogan emails4.10 Michael Hirsh4.11 U. S. Presidential Advisory Commission on Election Integrity5 See also6 References Etymology [ edit]Look up dox in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.\"\" Doxing \"\" is a neologism that has evolved over its brief history. It comes from a spelling alteration of the abbreviation \"\"docs\"\" (for \"\"documents\"\") and refers to \"\"compiling and releasing a dossier of personal information on someone.\"\" [ 10] Essentially, doxing is revealing and publicizing records of an individual, which were previously private or difficult to obtain."
},
{
"docid": "D909321#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_kkk_do_in_the_1920s\nHow many KKK members in 1920?",
"text": "Alcohol Researcher 6,371 Contributions How many KKK members in 1920? One estimate set the number at around 4 million in the kkk's peak in 1924. Alcohol Researcher 6,371 Contributions How many KKK memebers were there in 1920? The Klan claimed to have have millions of members in the 1920s. The claimed membership numbers are always suspect because the Klan tried to exaggerate its size and power as pa …Theanswers 401 Contributions In the 1920's did the KKK grow?\\n Yes, because of the massive immigration of Europeans and other immigrants to the USA. What was the appeal of the KKK in the 1920's? It was mainly because the focus of the KKK had shifted. It wasn't just targeting African American's anymore. This appealed to more people. Also, during the 1920's there was un …What was the strength of the KKK in 1920s - 1930s?it was really huge!"
},
{
"docid": "D1580733#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_was_the_KKK_established\nWho were the KKK?",
"text": "\"Blue 518,948 Contributions Who were the KKK? The KKK Ku Klux Klan (KKK) is the name of several past and presentsecret racist organizations in the United States. They are bestknown for advocating white supremacy and actin …Blue 518,948 Contributions What did the KKK do? Answer The Ku Klux Klan is an organization in the United States that is devoted to the belief of \"\"white superiority\"\" and that there are fundamentally inferior peoples beginn …Keshia Davis 376,872 Contributions An Answers contributor. Why did the KKK do what they did? The KKK allegedly engaged in acts of killing and violence in orderto intimidate African-Americans out of exercising the legal rightsgranted to them during Reconstruction. It d …Alcohol Researcher 6,371 Contributions What was the KKK about? A secret group in Tennessee just after the civil war. It was created for white supremacy and and used such means as terrorism. Tom Kuzma 5 Contributions Who is the leader of the KKK?"
},
{
"docid": "D1680623#0",
"title": "http://www.politicususa.com/2015/07/03/confederate-flag-designer-symbol-white-supremacy-southern-heritage.html\nConfederate Flag Designer Said It Is A Symbol Of White Supremacy â Not Southern Heritage",
"text": "Fri, Jul 3rd, 2015 by Rmuse Confederate Flag Designer Said It Is A Symbol Of White Supremacy – Not Southern Heritage98.5k SHARESFacebook Twitter Subscribe Google Pinterest Print Mail Flipboard Heritage is often defined as something inherited due to the place, time, or circumstances of someone’s birth. Heritage is not unlike culture which includes the behaviors and beliefs characteristic of a particular group transmitted from one generation to another. Both terms, heritage and culture, have been thrown around a lot recently by Americans living in the former Confederacy to defend their sick twisted clinging to a flag symbolizing white supremacy and treason against the United States of America. Southerners are quick to claim that the Confederate flag, no matter which version, has nothing whatsoever to do with either white supremacy (racism) or treason. In their estimation they know is a lie, the Confederate flag (s) are just a symbol of Southern heritage and culture. However, that was never what the flag symbolized and there is no better reference to what the flag stands for than the words of the treasonous racist who designed it. The white supremacist who designed the Confederacy’s flag (s), one William T. Thompson, gave the definitive reason why every Republican, KKK member, and so-called Southern heritage advocate still supports flying that symbol of treason and racism. Thompson was proud to admit that “ As a people we are fighting to maintain the heavenly ordained supremacy of the white man over the inferior or colored race; a white flag would thus be emblematical of our cause. Such a flag would be a suitable emblem of our young confederacy, and sustained by the brave hearts and strong arms of the south, it would soon take rank among the proudest ensigns of the nations, and be hailed by the civilized world as THE WHITE MAN’S FLAG .”Many Americans of all races today refer to any of the Confederacy’s flags as “ the white supremacist’s flag ” and they would not have been wrong during the Civil War and they are certainly not wrong in the 21st Century. When the racist flag’s defenders claim it is just an innocent symbol of their Southern heritage and culture, they are defending the white supremacy they know the flag symbolized during the Civil War continuing to the present."
},
{
"docid": "D2541235#0",
"title": "http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/klansville-faq/\nTop 5 Questions About the KKK",
"text": "\"Klansville U. S. A. | Article Top 5 Questions About the KKKAmerican Experience asked sociologist and Ku Klux Klan scholar David Cunningham to provide responses to the five questions he is most frequently asked about the Klan. The author of Klansville, U. S. A.: The Rise and Fall of the Civil Rights-Era KKK (Oxford University Press, 2013), Cunningham is Professor and Chair of Sociology at Brandeis University. David Cunningham. Credit: Rick Friedman Before discussing the most pressing questions people tend to have about the KKK, let me add some background for basic context. The Ku Klux Klan was first formed in 1866, through the efforts of a small band of Confederate veterans in Tennessee. Quickly expanding from a localized membership, the KKK has become perhaps the most resonant representation of white supremacy and racial terror in the U. S. Part of the KKK's enduring draw is that it refers not to a single organization, but rather to a collection of groups bound by use of now-iconic racist symbols -- white hoods, flowing sheets, fiery crosses -- and a predilection for vigilante violence. The Klan's following has tended to rise and fall in cycles often referred to as \"\"waves.\"\" The original KKK incarnation was largely halted following federal legislation targeting Klan-perpetrated violence in the early 1870s. The Klan's second -- and largest -- wave peaked in the 1920s, with KKK membership numbering in the millions. Following the second-wave Klan 's dissolution in the early 1940s, self-identified KKK groups also built sizable followings during the 1960s, in reaction to the rising Civil Rights Movement."
},
{
"docid": "D2437377#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_do_the_KKK_wear_and_why\nWhat do the KKK wear and why?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society Society and Civilization Organizations Ku Klux Klan What do the KKK wear and why? Flag What do the KKK wear and why? Edit Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. They wear a white robe with their symbol which is the white cross in a red circle with the \"\"blood drop in the center and a mask. They wear this outfit to hide their identity2 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No What did the leader of the KKK wear? White robes and a pointy hat like the rest the leader had a special badge on him arm that identified him. Edit Why did the kkk wear white? Because this symbolized their racial purity (clean). Edit Why did the KKK wear white sheets?to represent white people Edit Georgie143 2 Contributions What does the KKK wear?"
},
{
"docid": "D2659150#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_was_the_Ku_Klux_Klan_created\nWhen was the Ku Klux Klan created?",
"text": "\"When was the Ku Klux Klan created? The Ku Klux Klan has been in existence since 1865. However, therehave been three different Ku Klux Klan movements in the United States. The current movement has been in existen …Lime Aid 94,009 Contributions What was the Ku Klux Klan? Answer The Ku Klux Klan was a racist group against black people. Basicly, they are a group of people who, for some sick reason, believe that black skin is wrong. Answer …Lmh12345 13 Contributions Target of the Ku Klux Klan? The main targets of the KKK, or Ku Klux Klan, were people that did not believe what they beleived , which was white supremacy. For example, this didn't really happen, it is j …What did the Ku Klux Klan believe in? The KKK believed in white supremacy."
},
{
"docid": "D1808200#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_event_sparked_the_revival_of_the_Ku_Klux_Klan\nWhat event sparked the revival of the Ku Klux Klan?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society Society and Civilization Organizations Ku Klux Klan What event sparked the revival of the Ku Klux Klan? Flag What event sparked the revival of the Ku Klux Klan? Answer by Alcohol Researcher Confidence votes 18.6KThe KKK was revived (actually created anew) in 1915 near Atlanta, Georgia, largely, but not entirely, to promote and enforce state-wide alcohol prohibition that had been imposed a few years earlier but was under attack.7 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Lime Aid 94,009 Contributions What was the Ku Klux Klan? Answer The Ku Klux Klan was a racist group against black people. Basicly, they are a group of people who, for some sick reason, believe that black skin is wrong. Answer …Lmh12345 13 Contributions Target of the Ku Klux Klan? The main targets of the KKK, or Ku Klux Klan, were people that did not believe what they beleived , which was white supremacy. For example, this didn't really happen, it is j …What did the Ku Klux Klan believe in? The KKK believed in white supremacy."
},
{
"docid": "D3319471#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20140628234050AASWI86\nAftermath of the Civil War [SOUTH SIDE]?",
"text": "\"Arts & Humanities History Aftermath of the Civil War [SOUTH SIDE]? Two questions: How did they adjust to not having slaves? : What happened to the south after they lost the civil war? After all, their entire economic system was dependent on their cash crops, which was mostly run by slaves. How were they okay with being united with their enemy? They just fought against the... show more Follow 6 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest The Southern economy faced a major downturn after the war. Their infrastructure was demolished by the war. Many farms were ruined. Hundreds of thousands of people were dead. And the South had lost a lot of wealth."
},
{
"docid": "D1858008#0",
"title": "http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/2309727/posts\n.",
"text": "\"Free Republic Browse · Search News/Activism Topics · Post Article Skip to comments. History Of The Democrats And The KKK..... (Why the Democrats started the KKK)Live Leak ^Posted on August 6, 2009 9:59:36 AM PDT by Irish Mike The original targets of the Ku Klux Klan were Republicans, both black and white, according to a new television program and book, which describe how the Democrats started the KKK and for decades harassed the GOP with lynchings and threats. An estimated 3,446 blacks and 1,297 whites died at the end of KKK ropes from 1882 to 1964. The documentation has been assembled by David Barton of Wallbu More..ilders and published in his book \"\"Setting the Record Straight: American History in Black & White,\"\" which reveals that not only did the Democrats work hand-in-glove with the Ku Klux Klan for generations, they started the KKK and endorsed its mayhem. \"\" Of all forms of violent intimidation, lynchings were by far the most effective,\"\" Barton said in his book. \"\" Republicans often led the efforts to pass federal anti-lynching laws and their platforms consistently called for a ban on lynching. Democrats successfully blocked those bills and their platforms never did condemn lynchings. \"\" Further, the first grand wizard of the KKK was honored at the 1868 Democratic National Convention, no Democrats voted for the 14th Amendment to grant citizenship to former slaves and, to this day, the party website ignores those decades of racism, he said. \"\" Although it is relatively unreported today, historical documents are unequivocal that the Klan was established by Democrats and that the Klan played a prominent role in the Democratic Party,\"\" Barton writes in his book. \"\" In fact, a 13-volume set of congressional investigations from 1872 conclusively and irrefutably documents that fact. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D527053#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_Ku_Klux_Klan_known_for\nWhat Ku Klux Klan known for?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society Society and Civilization Organizations Ku Klux Klan What Ku Klux Klan known for? Flag What Ku Klux Klan known for? Answer by Natasha Gerrard Confidence votes 47The Ku Klux Klan are well known in America for the racist acts that white Americans did to the Black Americans, because they would track down these people and torture them then eventually kill them because the white Americans believed that they were more superior than the black Americans so they did this to try and prove this point. Additionally, they harassed what they called white sympathizers. On my own behalf its just a bunch of murderous idiots that didn't have anything better to do }= (127 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Paul Woe 3 Contributions How was the Ku Klux Klan started? The Ku Klux Klan was the name of a number of secret societies in the past and present. The original KKK was started in the aftermath of the Civil War, when the Southern ex-Con …Why was the Ku Klux Klan created?to restore democratic control of the south,keep former slaves powerless Jorge Quinones 41,789 Contributions There are things that interest me. History covers them all. Since the ancient history to the life of Scientist Nikola Tesla."
},
{
"docid": "D1858006#0",
"title": "https://faithandheritage.com/2014/07/refuting-a-republican-canard-the-kkk-is-democratic/\nRefuting a Republican Canard: âThe KKK Is Democraticâ",
"text": "The Troubles are upon us again. The forces of Beelzebub are mustering their infernal powers. Oh, how they loathe the existence of white Christian enclaves who are wise to their nefarious purposes. Their machinations are relentless. They begin by falsely promising the stalwart bowls of pottage in exchange for their souls. When these lies fail, they poison the mind of the populace at large with slanders and accusations against the just. They leave a trail of mutilated corpses on their way to victory, and upon attaining that victory they unleash the full force of their necromantic arts to spread chaos. Armageddon is the inevitable result. Or, to put it another way, another midterm election season is here. It’s always depressing to witness how pumped the ‘rite’ wing gets over an election."
},
{
"docid": "D1851918#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Was_the_Democratic_Party_associated_with_the_KKK\nWas the Democratic Party associated with the KKK?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society Society and Civilization Organizations Ku Klux Klan Was the Democratic Party associated with the KKK? Was the Democratic Party associated with the KKK? Answer by Keshia Davis Confidence votes 15.4KAn Answers contributor. Yes, the early Democratic party was associated with the KKK. However, the early Democratic party was also associated mostly with conservative causes. Many White and Black Republicans were lynched by the democrat party supporters because of their opposition to slavery. Republicans were the abolitionists from the start. They supported and promoted Civil Rights. This changed late in the 20th century when the Democrats began to espouse liberal values. That happened because the American Communist Party disbanded and transformed the Democratic Party."
},
{
"docid": "D704660#0",
"title": "https://www.snopes.com/clinton-byrd-photo-klan/\nBye Bye Byrdie",
"text": "\"Bye Bye Byrdie A photograph of Hillary Clinton being kissed by Senator Robert Byrd has been widely circulated as a political statement.1KCLAIMA photograph shows Hillary Clinton with former Ku Klux Klan member Robert Byrd. RATINGTrue ORIGINShortly after Donald Trump declined to condemn David Duke and the Ku Klux Klan during an interview on CNN’s “State Of The Union” on 28 February 2016 (the Republican presidential candidate would later blame it on a faulty earpiece) a photograph purportedly showing Hillary Clinton with former Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, a former Ku Klux Klan member, was widely circulated online: The photograph was posted by numerous web sites along with articles arguing that the news media were being hypocritical in their coverage of Trump’s purported connections to a white supremacist hate group, while making no mention of Hillary Clinton. The Daily Caller also published a video of Clinton praising Byrd’s service in Congress: Despite mounting criticism for Donald Trump’s failure to disavow former Ku Klux Klan grand wizard David Duke’s support, Democratic front-runner Hillary Clinton once heaped praise for late Klan leader Sen. Robert Byrd. In a video uploaded to the State Department’s official You Tube page on June 28, 2010, Clinton commemorated late Sen. Byrd by saying, “Today our country has lost a true American original, my friend and mentor Robert C. Byrd. This photograph and video are undeniably genuine: The photograph was taken in July 2004, and the video of Clinton was filmed on 28 June 2010, shortly after Byrd’s death. It’s also true that Robert Byrd was a member of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1940s and helped establish the hate group’s chapter in Sophia, West Virginia. However, in 1952 Byrd avowed that “After about a year, I became disinterested [in the KKK], quit paying my dues, and dropped my membership in the organization,” and throughout his long political career (he served for 57 years in the United States Congress) he repeatedly apologized for his involvement with the KKK:“I know now I was wrong. Intolerance had no place in America. I apologized a thousand times … and I don’t mind apologizing over and over again. I can’t erase what happened."
},
{
"docid": "D2956504#0",
"title": "http://www.neatorama.com/2008/01/17/10-smurfiest-facts-about-the-smurfs/\n10 Smurfiest Facts About The Smurfs",
"text": "\"10 Smurfiest Facts About The Smurfs Alex Santoso • Thursday, January 17, 2008 at 3:03 AM • 2The Smurfs celebrated their 50th birthday (or rather, \"\"smurfday\"\") a couple of days ago - and that inspired Neatorama to smurf up some fascinating facts about the little blue creatures. Here are ten of the smurfiest facts about The Smurfs: The Smurfs are Belgian, not American The Smurfs became a worldwide hit after Hanna-Barbera featured them in an animated series in the 1980s, so it is quite natural to assume that they're an American creation. They weren't. In 1947, Belgian cartoonist Pierre Culliford, better known as Peyo, created a comic called Johan et Pirlouit about a young boy and his faithful (if boastful and cheating) dwarf sidekick. In 1958, in the ninth issue of the comic, the duo met tiny, blue-skinned creatures called \"\"Les Schtroumpfs. \"\" First appearance of the Smurfs in the comic Johan et Pirlouit (Image via Lambiek.net)These creatures, which later became the Smurfs, were such a hit that they got their own comic series. How Many Smurfs are There? According to the original magazine that published The Smurfs comics, there are 105 Smurfs. The two most famous are Papa Smurf, the leader of the Smurfs who always wear red clothes and has a bushy white beard, and Smurfette. ( Nanny Smurf image: Blue Imps Smurf Collection)Note that Smurfette isn't the only female Smurf."
},
{
"docid": "D2123979#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_Ku_Klux_Klan_do\nWhat did the Ku Klux Klan do?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society Society and Civilization Organizations Ku Klux Klan What did the Ku Klux Klan do? Flag What did the Ku Klux Klan do? Answer by Angelp60 Confidence votes 456A group called the KKK had formed after the civil war. It was a group in the south and their main purpose was to show that whites were still superior to other races. This group had a passionate hatred towards the blacks. Klansmen killed over 150 African Americans in one Florida county. They wore white robes and masks over their faces to conceal their identity. They would shoot into peoples houses, burn their houses down and lynch families of blacks. basically they hated the blacks and a little while after they started to hate catholics and Jews too. Just to add on that the members in the Ku k Lux Klan thought that what they was doing was right, they thought that it was what god wanted."
},
{
"docid": "D2490696#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_did_marcus_garvey_movement_fall_apart\nWhat role did Marcus garvey play in the movement?",
"text": "Eire1981 38 Contributions What role did Marcus garvey play in the movement? He was a prominent and successful black man in the early 1900's. An early civil rights activist. His position was pro-freedom for all people. Therefore, he spoke out in favor …Xenea Francis 3 Contributions Who is Marcus Garvey? Marcus Mosiah Garvey was a publisher, journalist and Black Nationalist. He founded the Universal Negro Improvement Associationand African Comminities League (UNIA-ACL). Garvey …Marcus garvey led a movement to? Marcus Garvey, a foremost proponent of Pan-Africanism and Black Nationalism, wanted to transport the black diaspora back to Africa. He did not believe Blacks would ever be accep …Alicia."
},
{
"docid": "D1737162#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/28568824/rise-of-the-kkk-flash-cards/\nRise of the KKK",
"text": "\"46 terms hannwallach Rise of the KKKLearn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort When and where was the first KKK founded? 1865 in Pulaski, Tennessee Who founded the first KKK? What did it start out as? 6 Confederate Army veterans as a social fraternity for amusement The name for the KKK derives what word of what language meaning what? Greek kuklos = circle What did members do to add to the mystery of the KKK? disguised themselves with sheets, hats and masks New members of the KKK were called what? ghouls Who did the first KKK target? How did members intimidate these people without violence?"
}
] |
620173
|
what did the lend-lease policy in the u.s. do exactly?
|
[
{
"docid": "D157808#0",
"title": "http://www.encyclopedia.com/history/united-states-and-canada/us-history/lend-lease\nLend-Lease Act (1941)",
"text": "\"Lend-Lease Act (1941)Warren F. Kimball Excerpt from the Lend-Lease Act The President may ... , when he deems it in the interest of national defense, ... sell, transfer title to, exchange, lease, lend, or otherwise dispose of, to any such government [whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States] any defense article.... The terms and conditions ... shall be those which the President deems satisfactory. T he Lend-Lease Act of 1941 (55 Stat. 31) initiated a program of military aid by which the United States provided goods and services to its allies in the fight against Germany, Italy, and later Japan during World War II. Under the terms of \"\"lend-lease,\"\" these allies would repay the United States not in money but by returning the goods or using them in support of the cause, or by a similar transfer of goods. OPPOSITION TO FOREIGN AIDPresident Franklin Roosevelt wanted to aid the Western democracies in their fight against the Nazi and Fascist threat, but political and public opinion was opposed. For one thing, World War I had left a legacy of postwar debts. In addition, in the 1920s Americans were critical of the squabbling and colonial expansion of the European powers and were not inclined to aid even friendly nations. Then the Great Depression and the international economic collapse of the 1930s increased American uneasiness about doling out precious resources. In response to growing threats from Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy in the 1930s, Congress passed a series of legislative barriers, particularly the Neutrality Acts, designed to prevent the nation from being drawn into another European war by trade and investment ties with belligerent nations. Americans blamed such ties for U. S. involvement in World War I. When war broke out in September 1939, Congress modified the prohibitions on arms trading with nations at war."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D3385319#0",
"title": "http://www.americanbar.org/groups/real_property_trust_estate/resources/real_estate_index/real_estate_commercial_faqs.html\nCommercial Real Estate FAQs",
"text": "\"Common Issues With Commercial Real Estate Commercial Real Estate Financing1. What is commercial financing in general? Financing a property is the standard method by which individuals and businesses can purchase residential and commercial real estate without the need to pay the full price in cash up front from their own accounts at the time of the purchase. Financing for non-residential real estate is generally obtained from a bank, insurance company or other institutional lender to provide funds for the acquisition, development, and operation of a commercial real estate venture. Commercial financing loans are secured primarily by real estate and related assets owned by the debtor. Assets used to collateralize commercial finance loans, aside from the real estate, may include fixtures, equipment, bank and/or trade accounts, receivables, inventory, general intangibles, and supplies. Documents evidencing and securing the loan typically include: loan agreements, promissory notes, mortgages or deeds of trust, assignments of rents and leases, financing statements, environmental indemnity agreements, guaranties, subordination, non-disturbance and attornment agreements, estoppel certificates, and other ancillary documents.2. What types of notes are used in commercial financing? A cognovit note is a promissory note in which a debtor authorizes the creditor, in the event of a default or breach, to confess the debtor’s default in court and allows the court to immediately issue a judgment against the debtor. If the debtor defaults or breaches any of its loan obligations, the cognovit note also typically provides that the debtor agrees to jurisdiction in certain courts, waives any notice requirements, and authorizes the entry of an adverse judgment."
},
{
"docid": "D2556166#0",
"title": "http://bibletribes.org/joseph/introduction\nThe Lost Tribe of Joseph",
"text": "\"The Lost Tribe of Joseph The Lost Tribe of Joseph is 2 modern nations. Joseph's son Ephraim is the United Kingdom. Joseph's son Manasseh is the United States. Joseph is an interesting tribal name because alone Joseph was not a landed tribe of ancient Israel. This is because he was written out of the will by Jacob, and his 2 sons, Ephraim and Manasseh replaced him. The name Joseph shows up in the seal date system, though, and it identifies the March 1941 signing of the Lend Lease Treaty that established the basis for the United States to fund the United Kingdom in World War II. Manasseh already has a seal date, in 1776, and it identifies the tribe of Manasseh as the modern United States. By process of elimination, this leaves the tribe of Ephraim as the modern United Kingdom. Seal Date Identification Joseph was not a landed tribe. His two sons each held separate covenantal promises."
},
{
"docid": "D2459402#0",
"title": "https://brainly.com/question/1305379\nHow did Rooseveltâs Lend-Lease Act shift US foreign policy away from isolationism?",
"text": "High School History 5 points How did Roosevelt’s Lend-Lease Act shift US foreign policy away from isolationism? Ask for details Follow Reportby L3xxi 05/10/2016Verified answer What is a Verified Answer? Log in to view the full answer. Unlock Verified Answers and get help from subject experts. Unlock verified answer Answers The Brainliest Answer!Colin3po Beginner It showed an obvious bias by helping the allies of the US (France, Britain, Russia etc.) with trade like oil, food, and money. It derived Japan of so much oil that they launched the Pearl Harbor attacks which led to US involvement in WWII. Comments (3) Report4.4 19 votes Thanks 30A. It lent arms to Allied forces and allowed them to pay later. B. It allowed the US to sell arms to belligerent nations.. C. It put US bases on German territory. D. It put US bases on British territory."
},
{
"docid": "D2843532#0",
"title": "http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/BigL/BigL-2.html\nChapter 2: Acquisition in World War II",
"text": "\"Chapter 2: Acquisition in World War IIJohn E. Bokel and Rolf Clark. . . victory over all enemies will be achieved in the last analysis not only by the bravery, skill, and determination of our men, but by our overwhelming mastery in the munitions of war. We must not only provide munitions for our own fighting forces but vast quantities to be used against the enemy in every appropriate theater of war, wherever that may be. Franklin D. Roosevelt January, 3, 1942As the nation turned from World War I, many of those who were most engaged in both war fighting and war production, military and civilian leaders, reflected on the experience. One leader, who would in time have a special effect on a range of production issues, was Bernard M. Baruch, Chairman of the War Industries Board during World War I. He believed that there were real benefits to learning how and why things happened in mobilizing American Forces and other national resources in World War I. Baruch emphasized the mobilization, logistics, acquisition, and economic issues associated with war fighting. One of the most critical areas of mobilization was acquisition--research, development and procurement of materiel, equipment, and other supplies necessary for waging war (dominated of course by procurement during wars). Over time, the acquisition process has led to some recurring questions: Who will be in charge? What methods will best encourage competition? How can excessive profits be prevented and reasonable prices be ensured? How can accountability to the public--97--be attained?"
},
{
"docid": "D2397943#0",
"title": "http://www.smh.com.au/money/planning/lifestyles-hidden-costs-20110215-1auny.html\nLifestyle's hidden costs",
"text": "Money Planning & budgeting Lifestyle's hidden costs Retirement villages are a popular choice but can be a huge drain on finances, writes Lesley Parker.16 February 2011 — 3:00am Normal text size Larger text size Very large text size Changes to legislation covering retirement villages haven't stopped the flow of complaints from residents about contracts that often block their way to any return from what is likely to be their final property transaction. Australians are fond of bricks and mortar and they're used to making money from real estate but buyer's advocate Richard Andrews, who specialises in finding retirement units, says it's a ''good outcome and I think a fair one'' if he can get a client in and out of a village within 10 years with their original capital intact. Non-negotiable... John and Graham Ellis. Photo: Eddie Jim Many retirees get back less than they put in once a village operator has collected various fees and charges and perhaps a cut of the increased value of a unit - and that can be after years of capital gains in the surrounding suburb. What's left when they move out - on average, 10 years later - depends on the parameters of any departure fee charged, whether the operator receives a share of any capital gain and what the contract stipulates, among other things, about having to refurbish the unit before resale. The bottom line is you need to consider the overall cost of the lease or purchase when assessing a village. '' You certainly don't buy into a retirement village to make money,'' says Andrews, the chief executive of the Find My Retirement Home service. '' It's a lifestyle choice and retirees need to keep that in mind. '' TRANSPARENCY ISSUESResidents' advocates say villages can be great for downsizing, security and companionship and they welcome changes to state legislation covering villages in NSW and Victoria that have improved residents' rights. However, they remain concerned about ownership structures that are difficult to compare; the dominance of long-term lease agreements that they say favour for-profit operators; thick contracts that are hard to understand; and the transparency of ongoing fees."
},
{
"docid": "D2204207#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/Which-country-played-the-greatest-role-in-winning-WW2-Britain-USSR-or-USA\nWhich country played the greatest role in winning WW2, Britain, USSR or USA?",
"text": "\"U. S. in World War II History of Science Great Britain History of the United States of America World War II Science History The United States of America Which country played the greatest role in winning WW2, Britain, USSR or USA?ad by Wharton Executive Education Learn business analytics online with Wharton Executive Education. Enroll in this three-month Business Analytics program and turn data into a revenue-producing action. Apply Now at execed-emeritus.wharton.upenn23 Answers Quentin Hardy, Editorial, Google Cloud. Former NY Times, WSJ, UC Berkeley Answered May 10, 2013 · Author has 215 answers and 1.3m answer views Concerning the war in Europe (which seems to be the key element of this question, since Britain played a decidedly lesser role in the Pacific, and the USSR next to none) a few numbers are illustrative: Total War Dead in Europe: USSR 11,000,000 Germany 3,500,000 Romania 519,000 Yugoslavia 300,000 Italy 226,000 UK 144,000 USA 143,000 There is a single graveyard created after the battle of Stalingrad (973,000 deaths) that has more bodies than the US or UK lost in the war. The war in the Western Front, June 1944 to May 1945, occupied 16,500,000 man-months. The German-Soviet war of 1941-1945 occupied 406,000,000 man-months. That is about 25 times as much for the Soviets, versus the part of the war most Americans fixate on. The Battle of Kursk, which most Americans haven't studied, was perhaps the world's last great set battle, involving 6,000 tanks, 4,000 aircraft, and approximately 235,000 Soviet casualties. By comparison, the Normandy landings involved 5,000 ships, 13,000 aircraft, and about 9,000 allied casualties. The US supplied the USSR with 14,700 airplanes, 7,000 tanks, and 15.4 million pairs of boots."
},
{
"docid": "D1913535#0",
"title": "http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/burma42/burma42.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Introduction World War II was the largest and most violent armed conflict in the history of mankind. However, the half century that now separates us from that conflict has exacted its toll on our collective knowledge. While World War II continues to absorb the interest of military scholars and historians, as well as its veterans, a generation of Americans has grown to maturity largely unaware of the political, social, and military implications of a war that, more than any other, united us as a people with a common purpose. Highly relevant today, World War II has much to teach us, not only about the profession of arms, but also about military preparedness, global strategy, and combined operations in the coalition war against fascism. During the next several years, the U. S. Army will participate in the nation's 50th anniversary commemoration of World War II. The commemoration will include the publication of various materials to help educate Americans about that war. The works produced will provide great opportunities to learn about and renew pride in an Army that fought so magnificently in what has been called \"\"the mighty endeavor. \"\" World War II was waged on land, on sea, and in the air over several diverse theaters of operation for approximately six years. The following essay is one of a series of campaign studies highlighting those struggles that, with their accompanying suggestions for further reading, are designed to introduce you to one of the Army's significant military feats from that war. This brochure was prepared in the U. S. Army Center of Military History by Clayton R. Newell."
},
{
"docid": "D2745296#0",
"title": "http://www.carsdirect.com/auto-loans/how-to-estimate-car-lease-payments\nHow to Calculate Car Lease Payments",
"text": "\"Car Leasing »How to Calculate Car Lease Payments Get Car Financing Even with poor credit. Get started November 9, 2016Calculating car lease payments is a simple 5-step process. Learn how to calculate payments, how your credit score affects them, and how to reduce them. Comments Email When you consider the purchase of a car on a lease, knowing what your car lease payments are is important. Calculating your car lease payments is easy to do and can be accomplished using a calculator. See the latest car lease deals >>Step 1: Gather Lease Information You need to know the manufacturer suggested retail price (MSRP), negotiated price, residual value, term of the lease and interest rate/money factor in order to estimate your lease payment. This information can be obtained by going to the dealer's website or contacting a car finance company. Step 2: Calculate the Vehicle's Value Since a lease is for a period of up to 36 months, the full value of the car will not be used by the leaser. To determine what the car's value is, take the MSRP and the residual value to calculate the car value. For example, if the MSRP is $25,000, the residual value is around 50 percent (this number can be obtained from the car finance expert)."
},
{
"docid": "D2499233#0",
"title": "http://archive.vod.umd.edu/citizen/fdr1941int.htm\n.",
"text": "\"FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, 1941 STATE OF THE UNION ADDRESS (\"\"THE FOUR FREEDOMS\"\") (6 January 1941)James J. Kimble Seton Hall University The popular conception of World War II in U. S. collective memory is that it was a righteous and morally justified struggle against the forces of evil. We remember it as \"\"the good war,\"\" or as \"\"the best war ever,\"\" a conflict that was fought by \"\"the greatest generation\"\" in such memorable, swashbuckling scenes as Midway, D-Day, and Iwo Jima. [ 1] These battles were so compelling that they continue to be fought by dauntless American GIs and marines on the History Channel, on movie screens, and in best-selling novels--each re-telling serving, in part, to reinforce for later generations the moral righteousness of the war effort. Key to this conception of the war is that the nation's rugged heroism in the face of evil emerged rather unwillingly. After all, the United States had passed three neutrality acts since 1935, and before the war there were powerful voices arguing for an isolationist American stance. In retrospect, then, we like to think of the United States as a \"\"sleeping giant,\"\" or a \"\"reluctant belligerent.\"\" [ 2] The nation, we seem to recall, was slow to anger but fearsome when goaded into a fight. If not for the treacherous attack at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, this line of thinking concludes, America might have managed to stay out of the war altogether. Yet there are those who suggest that U. S. participation in the war was inevitable. Some historians, for example, argue that President Franklin D. Roosevelt was determined to enter the war, one way or another. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1652760#0",
"title": "https://eh.net/encyclopedia/the-economy-of-ancient-greece/\nThe Economy of Ancient Greece",
"text": "The Economy of Ancient Greece Darel Tai Engen, California State University – San Marcos Introduction 1The ancient Greek economy is somewhat of an enigma. Given the remoteness of ancient Greek civilization, the evidence is minimal and difficulties of interpretation abound. Ancient Greek civilization flourished from around 776 to 30 B. C. in what are called the Archaic (776-480), Classical (480-323), and Hellenistic (323-30) periods. 2 During this time, Greek civilization was very different from our own in a variety of ways. In the Archaic and Classical periods, Greece was not unified but was comprised of hundreds of small, independent poleis or “city-states.” During the Hellenistic period, Greek civilization spread into the Near East and large kingdoms became the norm. Throughout these periods of ancient Greek civilization, the level of technology was nothing like it is today and values developed that shaped the economy in unique ways. Thus, despite over a century of investigation, scholars are still debating the nature of the ancient Greek economy. Moreover, the evidence is insufficient to employ all but the most basic quantitative methods of modern economic analysis and has forced scholars to employ other more qualitative methods of investigation. This brief article, therefore, will not include any of the statistics, tables, charts, or graphs that normally accompany economic studies."
},
{
"docid": "D1904102#0",
"title": "http://boards.straightdope.com/sdmb/showthread.php?t=716085\n.",
"text": "\"# 1 02-18-2014, 09:38 AMCzarcasm Charter Member Charter Member Join Date: Apr 1999Location: Beervania Posts: 54,813Which Allied Country made the qreatest sacrifices during WWII? I have heard it said that Britain owes its freedom more to the sacrifices made by Russia than to the support given by the United States. Which Allied country made the greatest effort and/or suffered the most in the effort? Reply With Quote# 2 02-18-2014, 09:47 AMOdesio Guest Join Date: Apr 2000Posts: 11,386In terms of number of people killed it would have to be the Soviet Union, hands down. Reply With Quote# 3 02-18-2014, 09:58 AMCzarcasm Charter Member Charter Member Join Date: Apr 1999Location: Beervania Posts: 54,813Quote: Originally Posted by Odesio In terms of number of people killed it would have to be the Soviet Union, hands down. What about percentage-wise? What percent of their population was lost to the war as opposed to either England or the U. S.? Reply With Quote# 4 02-18-2014, 10:02 AMZPG Zealot Guest Join Date: Mar 2003Posts: 3,833Quote: Originally Posted by Czarcasm What about percentage-wise? What percent of their population was lost to the war as opposed to either England or the U. S.? I think the Soviet Union would still win percentage-age wise."
},
{
"docid": "D1652918#0",
"title": "https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/archives/sovi.html\nRevelations from the Russian Archives The Soviet Union and the United States",
"text": "\"Print Subscribe Share/Save Revelations from the Russian Archives The Soviet Union and the United States Home | Acknowledgments | Essay Sections: Internal Workings of the Soviet System | The Soviet Union and the United States Relations between the Soviet Union and the United States were driven by a complex interplay of ideological, political, and economic factors, which led to shifts between cautious cooperation and often bitter superpower rivalry over the years. The distinct differences in the political systems of the two countries often prevented them from reaching a mutual understanding on key policy issues and even, as in the case of the Cuban missile crisis, brought them to the brink of war. The United States government was initially hostile to the Soviet leaders for taking Russia out of World War I and was opposed to a state ideologically based on communism. Although the United States embarked on a famine relief program in the Soviet Union in the early 1920s and American businessmen established commercial ties there during the period of the New Economic Policy (1921–29), the two countries did not establish diplomatic relations until 1933. By that time, the totalitarian nature of Joseph Stalin's regime presented an insurmountable obstacle to friendly relations with the West. Although World War II brought the two countries into alliance, based on the common aim of defeating Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union's aggressive, antidemocratic policy toward Eastern Europe had created tensions even before the war ended. The Soviet Union and the United States stayed far apart during the next three decades of superpower conflict and the nuclear and missile arms race. Beginning in the early 1970s, the Soviet regime proclaimed a policy of détente and sought increased economic cooperation and disarmament negotiations with the West. However, the Soviet stance on human rights and its invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 created new tensions between the two countries. These tensions continued to exist until the dramatic democratic changes of 1989–91 led to the collapse during this past year of the Communist system and opened the way for an unprecedented new friendship between the United States and Russia, as well as the other new nations of the former Soviet Union."
},
{
"docid": "D2314623#0",
"title": "https://www.multihousingnews.com/post/mhn-interview-the-benefits-of-developing-and-financing-supportive-housing/\nThe Benefits of Developing and Financing Supportive Housing",
"text": "The Benefits of Developing and Financing Supportive Housing MHN talks to Maria Barry, community development banking executive at Bank of America Merrill Lynch, and Maria Joyce, a senior vice president in community development banking who has worked directly on the New Directions Sepulveda project, about their unique partnership.by Jessica Fiur | Oct 18, 2013National Affordable Finance & Investment More Subscribe to MHNLos Angeles—New Directions Sepulveda, a San Fernando Valley, Calif., supportive housing community for veterans, recently celebrated its grand opening. The community received $34 million in financing from Bank of America Merrill Lynch, and was developed by non-profits New Directions Inc. and A Community of Friends. MHN talks to Maria Barry, community development banking executive at Bank of America Merrill Lynch, and Maria Joyce, a senior vice president in community development banking who has worked directly on the New Directions Sepulveda project, about this unique partnership and how financing supportive housing could benefit companies. MHN: Describe the Community Development Bank and the types of products you have. Maria Barry Barry: At Bank of America, we’ve been in the community development banking business for over 30 years, so we have a really deep commitment to the business and a lot of experience in different types of financing. We’ve been one of the top three banks in Affordable Housing Financing ‘s ranking of top lenders every year for the last three years. The types of financing we do are construction financing as well as permanent financing, for both tax exempt and taxable developments. We also invest in equity. We also have a CDC, which is a community development group within the space that develops four to six developments a year where we partner with for-profit or not-for-profit developers to be part of the development progress. MHN: Is this unusual for a bank?"
},
{
"docid": "D1087780#0",
"title": "https://www.homeloanexperts.com.au/property-types/stratum-titles/\nWhat is a stratum title unit?",
"text": "What is a stratum title unit? Stratum title, also known as stratum estate, is similar to strata title in that it is normally used as a title for units or townhouses. However, stratum title properties are more complex to manage and are not as widely accepted by banks as security for a home loan. How much can you borrow? First home buyer: 95% of the property value. Investor: 95% of the property value. Guarantor loans: Borrow up to 100% with select lenders only. Low doc: 80% of the property value. Discounts: Competitive professional package and basic loan discounts are available. Stratum title has some restrictions, with many lenders refusing to accept these properties as security for a mortgage."
},
{
"docid": "D1281441#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/132571389/unit-8-wwii-flash-cards/\nUnit 8 WWII",
"text": "\"47 terms overturfsm Unit 8 WWIILearn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort The Kellogg-Briand Treaty (1928) was a failed attempt for nations of the world to? prevent war The Lend-Lease Act was an attempt by the United States to? le England borrow weapons in the early 1940's President Franklin Roosevelt said that December 7, 1941, would \"\"live in infamy\"\" because on that day? Japan bombed Pearl Harbor What did Germany, Italy, Japan, and the Soviet Union have in common during the World War II era? they were all totalitarian states The term used to describe the willingness of Britain and France to allow Hitler to repeatedly break provisions of the Treaty of Versailles is? appeasement Along with the American Neutrality Acts, the appeasement policies in the mid-to-late 1930's of Britain and France caused totalitarian nations to? believe they had nothing to fear from democracies Which event occurred FIRST in World War II? the invasion of Poland At the Munich Conference in 1938? European leaders tried to appease Hitler The United States entered WWII in December of 1941 because of attacks on which territory? Hawaii· dictatorship · militarism · cooperation between corporations and the government · glorification of violence and war to achieve national goals All of these have ben aspects of?"
},
{
"docid": "D1736959#0",
"title": "https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/housing/moving-and-improving-your-home/buying-a-home/\nBuying a home",
"text": "Buying a home This advice applies to England Print Mortgage calculator Use the mortgage tool to calculate how much your monthly mortgage payments could be now, and if interest rates rise. Use the mortgage calculator How much can you afford The first thing you need to do is decide how much you can afford. You will need to look at how much money you have available yourself and how much you can borrow. There are a number of different financial institutions which offer loans to people buying a property, for example, building societies and banks. You should find out if you are able to borrow money and if so, how much (for information on mortgages, see under heading Mortgages ). Some building societies now provide buyers with a certificate that states that a loan will be available provided the property is satisfactory. You may be able to get this certificate before you start looking for a property. Building societies state that this certificate may help you to have your offer accepted by the seller. Before finally deciding how much to spend on a property, you need to be sure you will have enough money to pay for all the additional costs. These include:-survey feesvaluation fees Stamp Duty Land Tax if you’re buying in England and Northern Ireland Land Transaction Tax if you’re buying in Walesland registry feelocal authority searchesfees, if any, charged by the mortgage lender or someone who arranges the mortgage, for example, a mortgage brokerthe buyer’s solicitor’s costs VATremoval expensesany final bills, for example, gas and electricity, from your present home which will have to be paid when you move."
},
{
"docid": "D1230617#0",
"title": "https://www.reddit.com/r/badhistory/comments/1mj9s2/today_i_learned_the_us_killed_100_million_native/\n.",
"text": "\" [–] smileyman You know who's buried in Grant's Tomb? Not the fraud Grant. 68 points 4 years ago This really isn't bad history. It's not great history, but it's not really wrong either. It's now estimated that between 80-100 million native people may have been killed as as result of the diseases which swept through North and South America. A Spanish priest by the name of Bartolomé de las Casas wrote in the mid 16th century that he estimated that his countrymen had killed 40 million natives. The worst part of this history is the certainty in which it treats the numbers. We can't know for sure, and the estimates of the numbers we have are pretty wide, but the 100 million number itself isn't really bad history. I highly recommend 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus by Charles Mann for more information. Edit: On second thought this might indeed be bad history if the original intent of this meme is to say that the US specifically killed 80-100 million natives."
},
{
"docid": "D332412#0",
"title": "http://money.stackexchange.com/questions/16275/can-a-friend-put-up-collateral-for-my-secured-loan\nCan a friend put up collateral for my secured loan?",
"text": "\"_Personal Finance & Money Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for people who want to be financially literate. Join them; it only takes a minute: Sign up Here's how it works: Anybody can ask a question Anybody can answer The best answers are voted up and rise to the top Can a friend put up collateral for my secured loan?up vote2down votefavorite I'm the friend. My mom needs a loan from me and figures involving a bank might avoid some headaches. She wants me to lend her 20K. Wire it to the bank. Then the bank will (presumably) lend her 20K. Do banks do this?loans personal-loan collateralshare improve this questionedited Feb 18 '16 at 8:40Dheer43.1k 7 50 131asked Jul 30 '12 at 18:49iago44 2 5I didn't understand the process, you give 20K to the bank as a collateral, and the bank lends this money to your mom? Why not just give the money to your mom directly? – littleadv Jul 30 '12 at 19:09I don't want to bother with micropayments, and harassing her for monthly payments. – iago Jul 30 '12 at 19:181This is actually rather common; the loan becomes \"\"secured\"\" by the up-front payment, and the bank will thus lend at a lower rate. Contrasting with a direct gift, the lending person avoids taxes (an informal loan of money is considered a \"\"gift\"\" for tax purposes), and the lendee can build credit history by repaying the bank who reports to the credit agencies. – Keith S Jul 30 '12 at 20:111Regardless of which option you chose just assume that the money is gone."
},
{
"docid": "D233867#0",
"title": "https://history.state.gov/milestones/1937-1945/us-soviet\nU.S.-Soviet Alliance, 1941â1945",
"text": "U. S.-Soviet Alliance, 1941–1945Although relations between the Soviet Union and the United States had been strained in the years before World War II, the U. S.-Soviet alliance of 1941–1945 was marked by a great degree of cooperation and was essential to securing the defeat of Nazi Germany. Without the remarkable efforts of the Soviet Union on the Eastern Front, the United States and Great Britain would have been hard pressed to score a decisive military victory over Nazi Germany. Department of Defense Pro-Soviet Poster As late as 1939, it seemed highly improbable that the United States and the Soviet Union would forge an alliance. U. S.-Soviet relations had soured significantly following Stalin’s decision to sign a non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany in August of 1939. The Soviet occupation of eastern Poland in September and the “Winter War” against Finland in December led President Franklin Roosevelt to condemn the Soviet Union publicly as a “dictatorship as absolute as any other dictatorship in the world,” and to impose a “moral embargo” on the export of certain products to the Soviets. Nevertheless, in spite of intense pressure to sever relations with the Soviet Union, Roosevelt never lost sight of the fact that Nazi Germany, not the Soviet Union, posed the greatest threat to world peace. In order to defeat that threat, Roosevelt confided that he “would hold hands with the devil” if necessary. Following the Nazi defeat of France in June of 1940, Roosevelt grew wary of the increasing aggression of the Germans and made some diplomatic moves to improve relations with the Soviets. Beginning in July of 1940, a series of negotiations took place in Washington between Under-Secretary of State Sumner Welles and Soviet Ambassador Constantine Oumansky. Welles refused to accede to Soviet demands that the United States recognize the changed borders of the Soviet Union after the Soviet seizure of territory in Finland, Poland, and Romania and the reincorporation of the Baltic Republics in August 1940, but the U. S. Government did lift the embargo in January 1941."
},
{
"docid": "D1142398#0",
"title": "http://www.weegy.com/?ConversationId=8D8F2C45\n.",
"text": "Question and answer Q: What did the Lend-Lease Act do? A. It permitted all warring nations to borrow military equipment from the United States as long as they promise to return it after the war. B. It permitted Great Britain to borrow military equipment from the United States as long as they promised to return it after the war. C. It permitted Great Britain and Germany to rent military equipment from the United States throughout World War II. D. It permitted Germany to rent military equipment from the United State at very reasonable rates. A: The Lend-Lease Act: A. It permitted all warring nations to borrow military equipment from the United States as long as they promise to return it after the war. Expert answered| debnjerry |Points 26546|Log in for more information. Question Asked 2/7/2012 7:12:33 AM0 Answers/Comments Get an answer Search for an answer or ask Weegy (Free)What did the Lend-Lease Act do? A. It permitted all warring nations to borrow military equipment from the United States as long as they promise to return it after the war. B. It permitted Great Britain to borrow military equipment from the United States as long as they promised to return it after the war."
}
] |
620174
|
what did the leopard evolve from
|
[
{
"docid": "D1378764#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leapard\nLeopard",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Leapard)navigation search For other uses, see Leopard (disambiguation), Leopards (disambiguation), and Leopardi (disambiguation). Leopard Temporal range: Late Pliocene or Early Pleistocene to recent African leopard ( Panthera pardus pardus)Conservation status Vulnerable ( IUCN 3.1) [2]Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Suborder: Feliformia Family: Felidae Genus: Panthera Species: P. pardus [1]Binomial name Panthera pardus [1] ( Linnaeus, 1758)Subspeciessee text Range of the leopard: former (red), uncertain (yellow), highly fragmented (light green), and present (dark green)Synonyms Felis pardus Linnaeus, 1758The leopard ( Panthera pardus) / ˈ l ɛ p ər d / is one of the five species in the genus Panthera, a member of the Felidae. [ 3] The leopard occurs in a wide range in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Asia and is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List because leopard populations are threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation, and are declining in large parts of the global range. In Hong Kong, Singapore, Kuwait, Syria, Libya, Tunisia and most likely in Morocco, leopard populations have already been extirpated. [ 2] Contemporary records suggest that the leopard occurs in only 25% of its historical global range. [ 4] [5] Leopards are hunted illegally, and their body parts are smuggled in the wildlife trade for medicinal practices and decoration. [ 6] [7]Compared to other wild cats, the leopard has relatively short legs and a long body with a large skull. It is similar in appearance to the jaguar, but generally has a smaller, lighter physique. Its fur is marked with rosettes similar to those of the jaguar, but the leopard's rosettes are smaller and more densely packed, and do not usually have central spots as the jaguar's do. Both leopards and jaguars that are melanistic are known as black panthers."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D3013228#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tank_classification\nTank classification",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. ( September 2009) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)The Challenger 2 is a main battle tank Tank classification is a taxonomy of identifying either the intended role or weight class of tanks. The classification by role was used primarily during the developmental stage of the national armoured forces, and referred to the doctrinal and force structure utility of the tanks based on design emphasis. The weight classification is used in the same way truck classification is used, and is intended to accommodate logistic requirements of the tanks. Many classification systems have been used over a hundred years of tank history. An early division in the definition of roles was between Infantry tanks intended to focus on supporting infantry in the assault, and cruiser tanks intended for classic cavalry missions of exploitation, screening and reconnaissance. As World War II progressed, the separation of \"\"infantry\"\" and \"\"cruiser\"\" roles generally disappeared and the \"\"universal tank\"\" started to take over. Classification has always been determined by the prevailing theories of armoured warfare, which have been altered in turn by rapid advances in technology."
},
{
"docid": "D3278448#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/technology/tank-military-vehicle\nTank",
"text": "Tank, any heavily armed and armoured combat vehicle that moves on two endless metal chains called tracks. Tanks are essentially weapon platforms that make the weapons mounted in them more effective by their cross-country mobility and by the protection they provide for their crews. Weapons mounted in tanks have ranged from single rifle-calibre machine guns to, in recent years, long-barreled guns of 120- or 125-mm (4.72- or 4.92-inch) calibre. M1A1 Abrams main battle tanks of the U. S. 1st Armored Division moving across the desert in northern Kuwait during the Persian Gulf War, February 1991. Ssgt. Robert Reeve/U. S. Department of Defense This article discusses the development of tanks from the beginning of the 20th century to the present. For articles on related military platforms, see amphibious assault vehicle and armoured vehicle. Earliest developments The use of vehicles for fighting dates to the 2nd millennium bce, when horse-drawn war chariots were used in the Middle East by the Egyptians, Hittites, and others as mobile platforms for combat with bows and arrows. The concept of protected vehicles can be traced back through the wheeled siege towers and battering rams of the Middle Ages to similar devices used by the Assyrians in the 9th century bce. The two ideas began to merge in the battle cars proposed in 1335 by Guido da Vigevano, in 1484 by Leonardo da Vinci, and by others, down to James Cowen, who took out a patent in England in 1855 for an armed, wheeled, armoured vehicle based on the steam tractor."
},
{
"docid": "D1517322#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/8774145/ap-bio-chpt-26-flash-cards/\nAP Bio Chpt. 26",
"text": "\"63 terms Ommunoz AP Bio Chpt. 26Phylogeny and Tree of Life Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Define phylogeny. The evolutionary history of a species or group of species. Provide an example of phylogeny. Ex. Phylogeny of snakes and lizards indicates both the scaly foot and snakes evolved from lizards with legs, but they evolved from different lineages of legged lizards. Thus, legless conditions evolved independently. Define systematics."
},
{
"docid": "D3472643#0",
"title": "http://theworldofanimals.proboards.com/thread/985/leopard-dire-wolf\n.",
"text": "\"Reply Leopard vs. Dire Wolf Actions« Prev 1 Next »Who wins? Panthera pardus 1st 3 vote s ( 75.00 %)Canis dirus 2nd 1 vote ( 25.00 %)50/50 3rd 0 vote s ( 0 %)There have been 4 votes by 4 voters. You may not vote in this poll. Ausar Profile maker Holy ancestor of posting surges. Posts: 2,173Feb 15, 2015 at 12:19pm Quote Feb 15, 2015 at 12:19pm Leopard- Panthera pardus The leopard /ˈlɛpərd/ (Panthera pardus) is one of the five \"\"big cats\"\" in the genus Panthera. It is a member of the Felidae family with a wide range in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa, West Asia, the Middle East, South and Southeast Asia to Siberia. Compared to other members of the Felidae, the leopard has relatively short legs and a long body with a large skull. It is similar in appearance to the jaguar, but is smaller and more slightly built. Its fur is marked with rosettes similar to those of the jaguar, but the leopard's rosettes are smaller and more densely packed, and do not usually have central spots as the jaguars do. Both leopards and jaguars that are melanistic are known as black panthers."
},
{
"docid": "D2319363#0",
"title": "http://facts.net/panther/\nPanther Facts # 1",
"text": "Panther Facts Panther Facts # 1Fast Facts Essential Facts Interesting Facts Class: Mammalia Family: Felidae Genus: Panthera Scientific Names: Panthera pardus, Panthera onca Common Names: Panther, Black panther, black leopard, black jaguar Habitat: Forests, swamplands, grasslands Location: Asia, America, Africa Behavior: Solitary, nocturnal Diet: Carnivorous. Prey includes deer, antelope, wild boar, rabbits Life Span: 12-15 years A Panther Is Actually a Jaguar or a Leopard Black Panther World Map It turns out many of us have even the most basic of panther facts wrong. We tend to assume that a panther is an entirely separate species of big cat. However, when we discuss panther facts, we usually actually mean either jaguar or leopard facts, depending on the geographic location. This is because a panther is defined as a melanistic color variant of other species in the Panthera genus, which includes tigers, lions, jaguars and leopards. This color variant usually means that the cat is black or dark brown, since melanism is the development of melanin, a dark-colored pigment in the skin. A panther is therefore usually either a black leopard in Asia and Africa, known as Panthera pardus, or a black jaguar in the Americas, known as Panthera onca. A Panther’s Black Skin Is Genetic Melanism can be a useful evolutionary process. Panther facts show that the darker individuals in a species are often better camouflaged, and therefore more likely to survive and reproduce. This is particularly true in certain natural conditions, for example in regions of dense forest with little light, where instances of melanism are more common."
},
{
"docid": "D1801302#0",
"title": "http://www.provet.co.uk/cats/evolution%20of%20the%20cat.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Back THE CAT THROUGH EVOLUTIONNote for Pet Owners: It should be noted that all cats - including domesticated species - are obligate carnivores and they cannot survive without ingesting nutrients derived from animals. CATS MUST NEVER BE FED AN EXCLUSIVELY VEGETARIAN RATION. Topics on this Page: Evolutionary evidence General characteristics of cats The archeological record Domestication Anatomical characteristics DNA sequencing Functional characteristics Pictorial artifacts and written records Evidence There are several ways in which the evolution of a species can be traced - but none of the existing records are complete - even for humans. As a result, we have to speculate about the missing \"\"links\"\" in the historical evidence. In zoological classification cats belong to the Class : Mammalia (mammals - hair covered animals that suckle their young with breast milk), the Order : Carnivora (they are carnivores - they eat meat) and the Family: Felidae. Within this family there are three further subdivisions called genera (Panthera (cats that roar), Acinonyx (the Cheetah) and Felis (all other \"\"small\"\" cats)), and each genus contains individual species. A species of cats is a group that normally breeds and produces fertile offspring (see section on DNA below)Wild cats inhabit all parts of the world except the extreme Arctic and Antarctic regions, Australia and the wastelands of the tundra where there is no tree cover for prey. General characteristics of cats Cats have evolved as predatory hunting animals with great agility and keen senses - particularly hearing, sight and smell. From only a few weeks of age the kittens of all species of cat (including our domesticated varieties) show instinctive behaviour typical of hunter-killers. They are extremely alert to sounds and movements, stalk, ambush, convert rigid stillness into rapid movements to pounce on their prey, and they demonstrate the typical biting and clawing actions needed to bring down and kill prey quickly."
},
{
"docid": "D3266057#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/Did-cats-evolve-from-bigger-felines-or-was-it-the-other-way-around\nDid cats evolve from bigger felines, or was it the other way around?",
"text": "Adriana Heguy, biologist, animal lover Answered Jun 7, 2016 · Upvoted by Madsen Zimbric, MSc in ecology and evolutionary biology, UMichigan '16 · Author has 2.1k answers and 30.1m answer views This is a good question. I don’t think it has a clear cut answer. A likely scenario is that domestic cats evolved from bigger cats (though not necessarily that much bigger), if we consider the closest branches, containing cougars, lynxes, ocelots [1]. Check out the phylogenetic tree below [2] . The extant members of the felidae family are split into two main branches, and one contains the Genus Panthera. This Genus includes the biggest cats, with the exception of the leopard or snow leopard who are much, much smaller than lions, tigers, or jaguars. Panthera is a genus within the Felidae family that was named and first described by the German naturalist Oken in 1816. Wikipedia Scientific name: Panthera Higher classification: Pantherinae Lifespan: Tiger: 20 – 26 years, Lion: 10 – 14 years, Leopard: 12 – 17 years, Jaguar: 12 – 15 years Gestation period: Tiger: 93 – 112 days, Lion: 110 days, Leopard: 90 – 105 days, Jaguar: 93 – 105 days, Snow leopard: 101 days Height: Tiger: 2.3 – 4 ft., Lion: 3.9 ft., Leopard: 18 – 31 in., Jaguar: 2.1 – 2.5 ft."
},
{
"docid": "D726378#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_did_snow_leopards_evolve\nWhat are snow leopards?",
"text": "\"Olivianne 15 Contributions What are snow leopards? The snow leopard , is a medium large cat native to the mountain ranges of Central Asia. Snow leopards live between 3,000 and 5,500 metres (9,800 and 18,000 ft) above sea level …Grace Mc Laughlin 363 Contributions Why are Snow leopards and leopards different? Leopards ( Panthera pardus ) were originally found from southeastern Russia, throughout eastern and southern Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, and throughout subsaharan Afr …Why are snow leopards called snow leopards?well,they are white like snow, live in snowy mountains, and they're leopards!Ruu Weist 47 Contributions What do snow leopards do? They exist. If you want a better answer, you need to be more specific in the question you ask. Tweetsy8bop 4 Contributions What does a snow leopard do?a snow leopard can really do anything you know what i mean What are snow leopard? The snow leopard ( Uncia uncia ) is a big cat from Asia. Snowleopardtrust 5 Contributions How do snow leopards survive in snow? Snow leopards took advantage of a niche in their environment and evolved to survive in high, rugged mountains of Central Asia."
},
{
"docid": "D2292677#0",
"title": "http://www.thebeardeddragon.org/leopard-gecko/leopard-gecko-habitat.php\nLeopard Gecko Habitat",
"text": "\"Leopard Gecko Habitat Even though leopard geckos are among the easiest reptiles to care for, they come from a unique environment that they have adapted to and need an identical habitat to stay healthy. Because of this, it is up to the owner to make sure their enclosure mimics their natural habitat. Table of Contents Tanks Tank Covers Tank Size Lighting Humidity Temperature Substrate Hides Accessories Leopard Gecko Tanks View More About This Tank Since leopard geckos are ground animals and rarely climb, the tank will need to be long and wide (not tall and narrow). You will need to make sure that your gecko cannot easily climb out of the tank, so a tank with glass sides would be a good choice since leopard geckos cannot climb glass. Most leopard gecko owners recommend rectangle glass fish tanks/aquariums since they are easy to get and meet all the requirements. Do not use wire or mesh cages for your leopard geckos. Wire cages will not hold heat very well, are easy to escape from, and you risk your leopard gecko getting his/her foot or toes stuck in the wire. Tank Covers and Lids More About This Lid You will need to cover your tank with a wire/mesh lid. This lid will help to keep unwanted insects, pets, or children from getting into the tank and it will also support the lights for your leopard gecko. Do not get a glass, plastic, or any other type of solid lid."
},
{
"docid": "D3254590#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/What-animals-like-to-eat-humans\nWhat animals like to eat humans?",
"text": "\"Animals vs. Humans Wildlife Animal Behavior Animals What animals like to eat humans?14 Answers Anne Austin Answered Dec 14, 2015 · Author has 85 answers and 127.8k answer views Back in prehistoric times being eaten alive by some sort of ravenous beast was an everyday risk. Thankfully, since then things have improved somewhat for most of us – getting hit by a bus is probably the modern equivalent of being torn apart by wolves. However, there are still far flung places and environments beyond the control of man, where even today, man-eating animals roam wild, stalking human prey as a between meal snack…Whilst rare, there have been a number of high profile man eaters, many occurring within the last 100 years. Here, I’m going to list out the deadliest of all these man eaters and look at some of the most disturbing habitual individual killers.10. Man eating river fish: Now we all know that piranhas can strip a man to the bone in 30 seconds. And that anyone falling into the Amazon River is as good as dead when these vicious fish are around. Well, it turns out that most of the stories about piranhas are a little exaggerated. But, as with many myths there is a grain of truth and much of the legendary reputation of the piranha can be traced back to a single incident. During a visit to Brazil, and the Amazon, by the American president Theodore Roosevelt local fishermen set up a spectacle involving piranhas. The men had blocked off part of the river and starved the piranha for several days."
},
{
"docid": "D3308502#0",
"title": "http://exquisiteafricanart.com/bronzes/benin-bronze-leopard-head/\nBenin Bronze Leopard Head",
"text": "Benin Bronze Leopard Head Stylized 20th Century Benin bronze leopard head. Tribe: Benin Origin: Nigeria Approx Age: Mid – Later 20th Century Materials: Bronze Dimensions cm: 26 long x 19 wide Ref. Number: 0294£375.00Description: This beautiful Benin bronze leopard head is an attractive piece of African craftmanship. It has a little deterioration on the back of the head but does not detract from the true beauty. Showing good markings and well cast, being cast using the process known as ‘ lost wax’. Additional images Request more information History Bronze leopard heads, a royal icon, were often worn as hip or waist ornaments by chiefs of all ranks, the king’s were of ivory. The art of Benin is the product of an urban royal court, and is meant to symbolize and to extol the power, mystique, grandeur, continuity, and endurance of the ruling dynasty. The Kingdom of Benin was ruled by the Oba, a divine leader at the head of the political system. As the office of the Oba became increasingly ceremonial, the art produced evolved into an instrument of the state. This charming bronze sculpture takes the form of a leopard’s head, replete with whiskers and pointed fangs."
},
{
"docid": "D3074505#0",
"title": "http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2013-08/how-argue-someone-who-smirkily-says-pandas-deserve-die\nHow To Argue With Someone Who Says 'Pandas Deserve To Die'",
"text": "\"Science How To Argue With Someone Who Says 'Pandas Deserve To Die'It's a contentious, edgy argument! But it's flawed in just about every way. Here's how to exploit those flaws. By Dan Nosowitz August 29, 2013Panda Eating Wikimedia Commons A baby panda was born last week at the National Zoo. The National Zoo, and many people not associated with the Zoo, celebrated, because the panda is a very endangered animal and has become an emblem of the conservation movement, and it is very difficult to get pandas to produce surviving offspring in captivity. But because it is 2013, and because it is easier and garners more pageviews to be boldly wrong than boringly right, many internet publications and people who like to argue began a well-trodden argument: the panda deserves to die. Breeding pandas is \"\"prolonging the existence of a hopeless and wasteful species the world should've given up on long ago,\"\" writes Timothy Lavin in Bloomberg. After the death of a panda named Hsing-Hsing, in 2009, David Plotz of Slate wrote: \"\"Pandas are not ill-natured. They are worse: They are no-natured. Drearier animals you cannot imagine."
},
{
"docid": "D2113953#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/pets-animals/monkeys-survive-91b5b6b23b32a8bd\nHow Do Monkeys Survive?",
"text": "Pets & Animals Mammals Monkeys Q: How Do Monkeys Survive? A: Quick Answer Monkeys are highly social animals that primarily survive in the wild by forming large, cooperative groups. Experienced adults in the group are able to pass on survival skills to their young. Continue Reading Keep Learning What Do Monkeys Do for Fun? How Do Monkeys Protect Themselves? Why Are Monkeys Endangered? Full Answer The socialization of monkeys is very important to their survival, as they do not possess keen inherent survival instincts. Aside from demonstrating skills to one another, living as a group allows monkeys to forage over a wide area for food and have a warning system for the approach of danger. Monkey diet varies by species, but they are primarily vegetarian, foraging for fruits, nuts, leaves, seeds and flowers. They may also eat small insects, lizards and the eggs of birds and other animals if they find them."
},
{
"docid": "D1763110#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osx\nmacOS",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Osx)navigation search This article is about the current Apple operating system for Mac computers. For pre-2001 versions, see Classic Mac OS. \"\" OSX\"\" and \"\"OS X\"\" redirect here. For other uses, see OSX (disambiguation).mac OSScreenshot of the mac OS High Sierra desktop Developer Apple, Inc. Written in C C++ Objective-C Swift [1]OS family Macintosh, Unix Working state Current Source model Closed source (with open source components)Initial release March 24, 2001; 17 years ago Latest release 10.13.4 [2] (17E199) [3] (March 29, 2018; 9 days ago) [±]Latest preview 10.13.5 beta 1 [4] (17F35e) [5] (April 3, 2018; 4 days ago) [±]Marketing target Personal computing Available in 34 languages [6] [ show] List of languages Update method Mac App Store ( 10.8 +)Software Update ( 10.0 – 10.7)Platformsx86-64 ( 10.4.7 -present)IA-32 ( 10.4.4 – 10.6.8; discontinued)Power PC ( 10.0 – 10.5.8; discontinued)Kernel type Hybrid ( XNU)Default user interface Graphical ( Aqua)License Commercial software, proprietary software Preceded by Classic Mac OSOfficial website www .apple .com /macos Support status Supportedmac OS ( / ˌ m æ k oʊ ˈ ɛ s /; [7] previously Mac OS X, then OS X) is a series of graphical operating systems developed and marketed by Apple Inc. since 2001. It is the primary operating system for Apple's Mac family of computers. Within the market of desktop, laptop and home computers, and by web usage, it is the second most widely used desktop OS, after Microsoft Windows. [ 8] [9]mac OS is the second major series of Macintosh operating systems. The first is colloquially called the \"\"classic\"\" Mac OS, which was introduced in 1984, and the final release of which was Mac OS 9 in 1999. The first desktop version, Mac OS X 10.0, was released in March 2001, with its first update, 10.1, arriving later that year. After this, Apple began naming its releases after big cats, which lasted until OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion."
},
{
"docid": "D726377#0",
"title": "http://www.livescience.com/39695-tiger-lion-leopard-genome-sequenced.html\nEvolution of a Predator: How Big Cats Became Carnivores",
"text": "\"Live Science Animals Evolution of a Predator: How Big Cats Became Carnivores By Tia Ghose, Staff Writer | September 17, 2013 11:00am ETMOREThe Siberian tiger, also known as Panthera tigris altaica Credit: Laura Bertola The biggest and perhaps most fearsome of the world's big cats, the tiger shares 95.6 percent of its DNA with humans' cute and furry companions, domestic cats. That's one of the findings from the newly sequenced genomes of tigers, snow leopards and lions. The new research showed that big cats have genetic mutations that enabled them to be carnivores. The team also identified mutations that allow snow leopards to thrive at high altitudes. [ Rare Photos: Snow Leopard Babies in Dens]The findings, detailed today (Sept. 17) in the journal Nature Communications, could help conservation efforts by preventing closely related captive animals from breeding, said Jong Bhak, a geneticist at the Personal Genomics Institute in South Korea. Lions and tigers Tigers are the biggest members of the cat family and are closely related to other big cats, such as snow leopards and lions. The predatory felines are critically endangered, and only 3,050 to 3,950 tigers are thought to remain in the wild. Without tiger conservation, most scientists believe the iconic orange cats will eventually go extinct. To aid those efforts, Bhak and his colleagues sequenced the genome of a 9-year-old Amur tiger living in the Everland Zoo in South Korea. The team also acquired DNA from around the world and compared the Amur tiger genome with that of the white Bengal tiger, the African lion, the white African lion and the snow leopard."
},
{
"docid": "D2989574#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-most-interesting-and-amazing-extinct-animals\nWhat are the most interesting and amazing extinct animals?",
"text": "Sharing a planet has turned out to be more difficult than we, as a species, could have anticipated. Sure, we don’t want to have any problems with our animal neighbors, but the changes humanity has made to the environment, deliberate or otherwise, have made it impossible for some animals to survive, leading to their extinction. I list below some of the animals that died in recent years : The Dodo -Probably the most famous of the lot I'm going to discuss. It's commonly believed that the dodo went extinct because Dutch sailors ate the beast to extinction after finding that the bird was incredibly easy to catch due to the fact it had no fear of humans, (why it didn't fear the creature many times its size is a mystery for another day). Extinction Year - 16622. The Baiji : The last of the Baiji lying dead in it's enclosure. The Baiji was a river dolphin found in China’s river systems, mainly that of the Yangtze River. It grew up to eight feet in length, and could weigh up to 510 pounds. It had better eyesight than many other species of freshwater dolphins. They tended to live in small groups that occasionally came together to make larger groups of up to sixteen dolphins."
},
{
"docid": "D3477845#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_do_snow_leopards_survive\nHow does the Snow Leopard survive on Mount Everest?",
"text": "Colin Wallace 6,195 Contributions How does the Snow Leopard survive on Mount Everest? The Snow Leopard does not live on Mount Everest, no big cat does. Edit Why can snow leopards survive the cold? Snow leopards survive in the cold because their thick fur keeps them warm and that their long furry tail wraps around them too. Edit What characteristics does a snow leopard have to survive? A snow leopards characteristics are it's fur is light gray with dark gray spots ringed with black and a white stomach, it has pale green or gray eyes, a big, thick long tail u …What do snow leopards need to survive? They need their abilities, their shelters, their habitats, and their food sources. Edit Jake Wayne 40,904 Contributions Does a snow leopard work with another animal for survival? No. They are lone hunters, and depend only on themselves."
},
{
"docid": "D1845476#0",
"title": "http://tailandfur.com/most-strongest-animal-bites-in-the-world-in-terms-of-psi/\n23 Most Strongest Animal Bites In The World In Terms Of PSI",
"text": "Home Wild 23 Most Strongest Animal Bites In The World In Terms Of PSI23 Most Strongest Animal Bites In The World In Terms Of PSIJanuary 9, 2018151 shares Facebook 58 Twitter 74 Pinterest 19 Stumble Upon 0Tumblr When an animal bites it is going to be scary as hell and very painful. But did you know that the pain you feel has a new measuring unit? It is called the PSI – the full form being Pound Per Square Inch. It is basically the pressure that will occur when a single force is put on one square inch of area. The other measure for this is the BFQ which is Bite Force Quotient. This way of measuring differs from the PSI as it also accounts for the size of the body of the animal that bites. Just for your reference, an average grownup male would have a PSI of 150. We all know that most animals have the ability or instinct to bite but all bites are not equal. That is why you have to read on to know about the Most strongest animal bites in the world. Most Strongest Animal Bites In The World Hippopotamus with a PSI of 1821 : These creatures have very strong jaw muscles along with huge tendons and this makes their bite stronger than many carnivores thought their teeth are not that sharp.comicvine.com This animal that lives in the water and was considered holy in ancient Egypt has huge chompers."
},
{
"docid": "D3097558#0",
"title": "http://carnivoraforum.com/topic/10261895/1/\n.",
"text": "\"Why do Jaguars not attack humans more? ; A discussion of the Jaguar's choice not to hunt humans Tweet Topic Started: Jan 27 2015, 11:10 AM (5,045 Views)Fire Eel Jan 27 2015, 11:10 AM Post #1Heterotrophic Organism Posts: 207Group: Members Member #14Joined: Jan 7, 2012The Jaguar is an enigma in this regard to me. I consider them more powerful than leopards, and it is seen by their readiness to fight dangerous reptiles such as anacondas that they are incredibly potent fighters. Yet they rarely ever attack humans. Why? It surely can't be because of our \"\"dangerousness\"\". A Jaguar would take on a caiman filled with sharp teeth, dangerous to itself, yet it would not stalk and kill unarmed villagers? Is the Jaguar clever enough to know that humans would eventually hunt it down if it turned to man-eating? Or is there some other strange reason? In this regard, they are similar to Orcas - Perfectly capable of hunting us, yet choosing not to."
},
{
"docid": "D1526610#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_is_the_amur_leopard_endangered\nWhy is the Amur leopard endangered?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Animal Life Mammals Land Mammals Cats (Felines) Wild Cats Leopards and Panthers Amur Leopards Why is the Amur leopard endangered? Flag Why is the Amur leopard endangered? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time.for mainly its spotted skin and to make fur coats with its skin and other garments and accesories e.t.c6 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Why are the Amur leopards endangered?a few reasons why the Amur leopard is endangered...... ~ Forest fires ~ poaching for their unusual spotted coats ~ illegal trade ~ prey is scarce Humans are the biggest preda …Are amur leopards endangered? Yes, there is only 40-50 left in the world they live in Russia The Amur leopard is critically endangered, only 40-50 remain in the wild. How did Amur leopards become endangered? They are endangered because of poachers Peaceplanet83 6 Contributions Why are the Amur Leopards becoming endangered?poachers and food running low How did the Amur leopard become endangered? The Amur Leopard became endangered because people have cut down their habitat and they are being hunted for their fur. Bree Denver 9 Contributions I specialize in mythology, fantasy, and animals. How do Amur leopards go to the bathroom?"
}
] |
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what did the louisiana purchase include?
|
[
{
"docid": "D691708#0",
"title": "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-was-the-louisiana-purchase.htm\nWhat Was the Louisiana Purchase?",
"text": "In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson signed a treaty with Napoleon Bonaparte that ceded a giant swath of land to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase. This doubled the size of America, giving the country access to the very important trade route of the Mississippi River and the port city of New Orleans. The land included in the deal would eventually become 13 new states of the Union for just pennies an acre. The land of the New World had been under dispute between America, France, Great Britain, and Spain for decades. At the start of the 19th century, France controlled New Orleans, but Spain had made a separate agreement to allow Americans to navigate the stretches of the Mississippi River. They claimed to control this passage to benefit both countries in trade. Napoleon's dream was to secure the entire area to use as a new economic center for France's conquest of Hispaniola (modern day Haiti) to trade in sugar, rum, and slaves. He was low on supplies, however, and concern about another war against Great Britain in Europe helped lead him to offer the land to Jefferson. On 30 April 1803, the two leaders signed a Treaty of Cession, as well as papers regarding payment, to legally transfer the land. The property contained within the Louisiana Purchase stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to the amorphous north border with Canada, and from the Mississippi River to somewhere near the Rocky Mountains."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D2340933#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denham_Springs,_Louisiana\nDenham Springs, Louisiana",
"text": "\"Denham Springs, Louisiana From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Denham Springs, Louisiana City Old Denham Springs City Hall Location of Denham Springs in Livingston Parish, Louisiana. Location of Louisiana in the United States Coordinates: 30°28′47″N 90°57′15″WCoordinates: 30°28′47″N 90°57′15″WCountry United States State Louisiana Parish Livingston Government• Mayor H. Gerard Landry (R)Area [1]• Total 7.35 sq mi (19.05 km 2)• Land 7.29 sq mi (18.89 km 2)• Water 0.06 sq mi (0.16 km 2)Elevation 43 ft (13 m)Population ( 2010)• Total 10,215• Estimate (2016) [2] 10,335• Density 1,417.11/sq mi (547.17/km 2)Time zone CST ( UTC-6)• Summer ( DST) CDT ( UTC-5)Zip Code 70726Area code (s) 225FIPS code 22-20435Website http://www.cityofdenhamsprings.com/Denham Springs is a city in Livingston Parish, Louisiana, United States. The 2010 census placed the population at 10,215, [3] up from 8,757 at the 2000 census. The city is the largest area of commercial and residential development in Livingston Parish. As of the 2010 census, Denham Springs and Walker are the only parish municipalities classified as cities. [ 4]Contents [ hide ]1 History1.1 19th century1.2 20th century1.3 Today2 Demographics3 Area events4 Education5 Notable person6 References7 External links History [ edit]19th century [ edit]The area has been known as Amite Springs, Hill's Springs, and Denham Springs. [ 5]The original land claims of John Noblet and Alexander Hogue form what is now the older section of Denham Springs, including the first residential and business districts. In 1828, William Denham, a Wilkinson County, Mississippi, native, married Mercy Hogue, the daughter of Alexander Hogue; and three months he later purchased the 640 acres (2.6 km 2) originally claimed by his father-in-law. [ 5] Denham purchased the land and a slave for $1,350. [ 4]A popular belief, supported by previously published histories, is that William Denham discovered the mineral springs on his property and that a health resort quickly grew up there."
},
{
"docid": "D691709#0",
"title": "http://www.librarypoint.org/louisiana_purchase\nThe Louisiana Purchase",
"text": "\"By: Virginia Johnson In 1800, the land held by the new United States was small compared to what was called Louisiana. Louisiana was named for King Louis XIV of France. It was part of a large claimed area in the New World called New France. It stretched from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico and from the Appalachian Mountains to the Rocky Mountains. France to America: Let's Make a Deal Napoleon Bonaparte, famous French political leader and general, needed money to finance his wars of conquest in Europe so he decided to sell the whole thing to the young United States. President Thomas Jefferson wasn’t sure the deal was something the Constitution allowed, but he felt that the port of New Orleans was so important that he did not want it to be controlled by France or by Spain, the other big colonial powers. Jefferson paid out $11,250,000 to Napoleon and also forgave France $3,750,000 in debt the country owed the United States. So, for $15 million the U. S. gained control of territory that doubled its size. From 1804 to 1806, Americans Meriwether Lewis and William Clark went on a mission of exploration at President Jefferson’s request. They were sent to discover what Thomas Jefferson had bought with $15 million of the young country’s money. *"
},
{
"docid": "D1894709#0",
"title": "http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/government/diplomatic/frenchforeign/c_frenchna3.html\nThe Influence of First Consul Bonaparteâs Supposed Plans for North America on the United Statesâ Foreign Policy, 1799-1804.",
"text": "\"The Influence of First Consul Bonaparte’s Supposed Plans for North America on the United States’ Foreign Policy, 1799-1804. Part III: Napoleon's Designs on North America By Matthew Zarzecny, FINSRecent articles, such as Thomas Fleming’s “Napoléon’s Invasion of North America: Aedes aegypti takes a holiday, 1802” in What If? 2: Eminent Historians Imagine What Might Have Been, remind historians of the rarely referenced, but nonetheless grandiose, designs the then First Consul of France had on North America. [ 17] Bonaparte’s extensive plans for North America went beyond anything the previous French regimes ever contemplated, aside from perhaps that of Louis XIV the Great, nearly a century earlier. [ 18] Inspired by Josephine Bonaparte, his Creole wife from Martinique, Bonaparte first hoped to create a Caribbean Empire and throughout his time as First Consul, Saint Domingue played a more important strategic role to Bonaparte than Louisiana. France already controlled various islands in the Caribbean, such as Guadeloupe, Martinique and St. Martin, but by 1801, Toussaint L’Ouverture (1743-1803) had cleared the island of Hispaniola of Europeans and had taken full control of a united Haiti. On December 11, 1801, Bonaparte sent an army of twenty thousand men sailing from Brest under his brother-in-law, General Leclerc, to suppress L’Ouverture’s slave revolt on Haiti. In February 1802, Leclerc’s forces arrived in Haiti and captured L’Ouverture. Diplomatic correspondences soon revealed to Jefferson that with France’s largest colony in the Caribbean secured, Bonaparte next hoped to create a new New France out of the large ex-French colony in the New World known as Louisiana, named for Louis XIV the Great. On October 7, 1800, Bonaparte had reacquired the Louisiana Territory and six ships-of-the-line from Spain by the secret Second Treaty of San Ildefonso, which in return permitted Spanish control of Tuscany."
},
{
"docid": "D2650144#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/event/Louisiana-Purchase\nLouisiana Purchase",
"text": "Louisiana Purchase, western half of the Mississippi River basin purchased in 1803 from France by the United States; at less than three cents per acre for 828,000 square miles (2,144,520 square km), it was the greatest land bargain in U. S. history. The purchase doubled the size of the United States, greatly strengthened the country materially and strategically, provided a powerful impetus to westward expansion, and confirmed the doctrine of implied powers of the federal Constitution. Louisiana Purchase Overview of the Louisiana Purchase. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. The Louisiana Territory under Spanish and French rule The Louisiana Territory had been the object of Old World interest for many years before 1803. Explorations and scattered settlements in the 17th and 18th centuries had given France control over the river and title to most of the Mississippi valley. The Louisiana area in the early 18th century, map by Nicolas de Fer, 1718. The Newberry Library The first serious disruption of French control over Louisiana came during the Seven Years’ War. In 1762 France ceded Louisiana west of the Mississippi River to Spain and in 1763 transferred virtually all of its remaining possessions in North America to Great Britain. This arrangement, however, proved temporary. French power rebounded under the subsequent military leadership of Napoleon Bonaparte, and on October 1, 1800, Napoleon induced a reluctant King Charles IV of Spain to agree, for a consideration, to cede Louisiana back to France."
},
{
"docid": "D2475565#0",
"title": "http://www.123helpme.com/search.asp?text=louisiana+purchase\n.",
"text": "\"Title Length Color Rating The Louisiana Purchase - The Louisiana Purchase was done in the year 1803. In this purchase the United States of America paid fifteen million dollars to get all the land west of the Mississippi River and east of the Rocky Mountains. This transaction was done between Thomas Jefferson and the great Napoleon. The benefits that the United States of America experienced from this purchase were numerous. For one, it gave the U. S. complete control of the Mississippi, which in tern helped many farmers with transporting goods.... [tags: Louisiana Purchase]955 words (2.7 pages) Better Essays [preview]The Indian Removal Act and Louisiana Purchase - The Indian Removal Act and the Louisiana Purchase was a very important time in the U. S. History and many years to come. In the late 1700s and early 1800s, two major events took place that were turning points for the U. S., The Louisiana Purchase and the Indian Removal Act, these events made an impact socially, economically, and politically. First of all, The United States was out in search for rich soil to plant many fields of cotton. During this search in 1785, they became upon Native Americans who occupied millions of untouched land.... [tags: native americans, louisina purchase]581 words (1.7 pages) Good Essays [preview]The Louisiana Purchase - Such were the words written by a newspaper contributor describing a monumental event that would impact the history of America forever: the Louisiana Purchase. The history of the Louisiana Territory was mostly that of ownership transfers between Spain and France. It was originally claimed by Spain during the exploration of the New World."
},
{
"docid": "D1770476#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_events_led_to_the_louisiana_purchase\nWhat events led to the purchase of the Louisiana territory?",
"text": "What events led to the purchase of the Louisiana territory? Spain had the Louisiana Territory under their control for about 40 years, until the French was power hungry and forced the Spaniards to give them back the territory. Napoleon, …What goal of President Jefferson led to the Louisiana Purchase?he wanted to get married What series of events led to The Louisiana Purchase? Spin claimed a vast area of land west of the Mississippi River known as Louisiana. They didn't let the pioners from the U. S trade outside of the port. This conserd the preside …Yong Choi 4 Contributions What led to the Louisiana Purchase? Among other more obvious things, Napoleon of France was looking for a way out. Rather than loosing it to Americans in a war, he chose to sell the land cheaply to Jefferson. ( Wr …Khenderson32 71 Contributions Which led to the Louisiana Purchase? The closing of the port of New Orleans Who led the exploration of the Louisiana purchase?"
},
{
"docid": "D3479169#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/15970782/chapter-10-1-10-2-study-guide-jeffersons-presidency-flash-cards/\nChapter 10-1 & 10-2 Study Guide: Jefferson's Presidency",
"text": "\"47 terms laserbeam99Chapter 10-1 & 10-2 Study Guide: Jefferson's Presidency Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort John Adams Federalist candidate for president in 1800 who thought he was saving the country from radicals. Thomas Jefferson Democratic-Republican candidate for president in 1800 who ran to save the country from monarchy and oppression. Aaron Burr Democratic-Republican vice-presidential candidate in 1800 who tried to steal the election from Thomas Jefferson. Alexander Hamilton Federalists leader who coerced his fellow Federalists to make Thomas Jefferson president over Aaron Burr. John Marshall Federalist Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Radicals People who take extreme political positions. Electoral College Presidential electing body. Renaissance Man A person with a wide-ranging intellect."
},
{
"docid": "D1052649#0",
"title": "http://revenue.louisiana.gov/FAQ/QuestionsAndAnswers/7\nFrequently Asked Questions",
"text": "\"Frequently Asked Questions Individual Income Tax What do I do if I’m locked out of the LA File Online application on the LDR website? To obtain assistance unlocking your LA File Online account call (855) 307-3893. I did not live in or receive income from Louisiana. Why did I receive an individual income tax bill? The bill is based on information received from the Internal Revenue Service because your federal return was filed with a Louisiana address. My husband (or wife) is deceased; the refund check has been issued in both names. How can I get the refund in my name only? Return the check with Form R-6642, statement of claimant to refund due on behalf of deceased taxpayer, and a copy of the death certificate. Form R-6642 can be found on our web site under Tax Forms in the Individual Income Tax general forms area. This form and the death certificate should be mailed to: Louisiana Department of Revenue Revenue Processing Center Post Office Box 4998 Baton Rouge, LA 70821 Fax: (225) 219-6220A new check will be issued in the surviving spouse's name."
},
{
"docid": "D1846454#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Louisiana\nLouisiana",
"text": "\"Louisiana From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Climate of Louisiana)navigation search This article is about the U. S. state of Louisiana. For other uses, see Louisiana (disambiguation). State of Louisiana État de Louisiane ( French)Flag Seal Nickname (s): Bayou State • Creole State • Pelican State (official) Sportsman's Paradise • The Boot Motto (s): Union, Justice, Confidence Official language No official language Spoken languages As of 2010 [1]English 91.26%French 3.45% (incl. Cajun and Creole)Spanish 3.30%Vietnamese 0.59%Demonym Louisianan or Louisianian Capital Baton Rouge Largest city New Orleans [2] [3] [4]Largest metro Greater New Orleans Area Ranked 31st• Total 52,378.13 sq mi (135,382 km 2)• Width 130 miles (210 km)• Length 379 miles (610 km)• % water 15• Latitude 28° 56′ N to 33° 01′ N• Longitude 88° 49′ W to 94° 03′ WPopulation Ranked 25th• Total 4,681,666 (2016 est.) [ 5]• Density 93.6/sq mi (34.6/km 2) Ranked 24th• Median household income $45,992 [6] (45th)Elevation• Highest point Driskill Mountain [7] [8] 535 ft (163 m)• Mean 100 ft (30 m)• Lowest point New Orleans [7] [8] −8 ft (−2.5 m)Before statehood Territory of Orleans Admission to Union April 30, 1812 (18th)Governor John Bel Edwards ( D)Lieutenant Governor Billy Nungesser ( R)Legislature State Legislature• Upper house State Senate• Lower house House of Representatives U. S. Senators Bill Cassidy (R) John Neely Kennedy (R)U. S. House delegation 5 Republicans, 1 Democrat ( list)Time zone Central: UTC −6 / −5ISO 3166 US-LAAbbreviations LA, La. Website louisiana .gov [ show]Louisiana state symbols Louisiana entrance sign off Interstate 20 in Madison Parish east of Tallulah Louisiana ( / l u ˌ iː z i ˈ æ n ə / ( listen), / ˌ l uː z i -/ ( listen)) [a] is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is the 31st in size and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States. Louisiana's capital is Baton Rouge and its largest city is New Orleans. It is the only state in the U. S. with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are the local government's equivalent to counties. The largest parish by population is East Baton Rouge Parish, and the largest by total area is Plaquemines. Louisiana is bordered by Arkansas to the north, Mississippi to the east, Texas to the west, and the Gulf of Mexico to the south."
},
{
"docid": "D670816#0",
"title": "http://revenue.louisiana.gov/FAQ/QuestionsAndAnswers/1\nFrequently Asked Questions",
"text": "Frequently Asked Questions Collections Can I request a Penalty Waiver On-Line? No, penalty waivers cannot be submitted electronically at this time. To request a penalty waiver, taxpayers may download Form R-20128, Request for Waiver of Penalty for Delinquency, from the LDR Website and follow the instructions on the form. Note, Louisiana Administrative Code 61: III.2101. B provides that before a request for waiver of penalties can be considered, the taxpayer must be current in filing all tax returns, and all taxes, penalties not being considered for waiver, fees and interest due for any taxes/fees administered by the Louisiana Department of Revenue must be paid. Why do I owe penalty and interest if I filed an extension? An extension only extends the time to file the return, not the time to pay the tax due. Why did you change my filing frequency? The filing frequency was changed based on the amount of tax you reported for the past year. Taxpayers are notified of this change by mail."
},
{
"docid": "D639759#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pelican_State\nLouisiana",
"text": "\"Louisiana From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from The Pelican State)navigation search This article is about the U. S. state of Louisiana. For other uses, see Louisiana (disambiguation). State of Louisiana État de Louisiane ( French)Flag Seal Nickname (s): Bayou State • Child of the Mississippi Creole State • Pelican State (official) Sportsman's Paradise • Sugar State • The Boot Motto (s): Union, Justice, Confidence Official language English, French Spoken languages As of 2010 [1]English 91.26%French 3.45% (incl. Cajun and Creole)Spanish 3.30%Vietnamese 0.59%Demonym Louisianan or Louisianian Capital Baton Rouge Largest city New Orleans [2] [3] [4]Largest metro Greater New Orleans Area Ranked 31st• Total 52,378.13 sq mi (135,382 km 2)• Width 130 miles (210 km)• Length 379 miles (610 km)• % water 15• Latitude 28° 56′ N to 33° 01′ N• Longitude 88° 49′ W to 94° 03′ WPopulation Ranked 25th• Total 4,681,666 (2016 est.) [ 5]• Density 93.6/sq mi (34.6/km 2) Ranked 24th• Median household income $45,992 [6] (45th)Elevation• Highest point Driskill Mountain [7] [8] 535 ft (163 m)• Mean 100 ft (30 m)• Lowest point New Orleans [7] [8] −8 ft (−2.5 m)Before statehood Territory of Orleans Admission to Union April 30, 1812 (18th)Governor John Bel Edwards ( D)Lieutenant Governor Billy Nungesser ( R)Legislature State Legislature• Upper house State Senate• Lower house House of Representatives U. S. Senators Bill Cassidy (R) John Neely Kennedy (R)U. S. House delegation 5 Republicans, 1 Democrat ( list)Time zone Central: UTC −6 / −5ISO 3166 US-LAAbbreviations LA, La. Website louisiana .gov [ show]Louisiana state symbols Louisiana entrance sign off Interstate 20 in Madison Parish east of Tallulah Louisiana ( / l u ˌ iː z i ˈ æ n ə / ( listen), / ˌ l uː z i -/ ( listen)) [a] is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It is the 31st in size and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States. Louisiana's capital is Baton Rouge and its largest city is New Orleans. It is the only state in the U. S. with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are the local government's equivalent to counties. The largest parish by population is East Baton Rouge Parish, and the largest by total area is Plaquemines. Louisiana is bordered by Arkansas to the north, Mississippi to the east, Texas to the west, and the Gulf of Mexico to the south."
},
{
"docid": "D2162189#0",
"title": "http://www.myneworleans.com/Louisiana-Life/March-April-2012/How-Louisiana-Became-A-State/\nHow Louisiana Became A State",
"text": "How Louisiana Became A State If You Think Politics is Rough Now... Ron Chapman Louisiana Parishes The process for transition from a territory to a state is carefully laid out in the Ordinance of 1787, which predates ratification of the United States Constitution. Accordingly, a territory must reach a population of 60,000, at which time one delegate for every 1,200 residents must meet in convention to decide if statehood is desired. If the decision is in the affirmative, these delegates draft a constitution, which must be in accord with the American Constitution. The delegates then present a petition to the United States Congress for admission, which, once passed by the House of Representatives, approved by the Senate and signed by the president, affirms admission to the Union. It seems simple enough, one would think. However, the situation with Louisiana’s petition generated much controversy among the states and within Congress. Some concerns were unique to Louisiana itself; others arose because statehood for Louisiana opened the door for a whole host of other potential national issues. In brief, opponents raised the following important issues: 1. Louisiana was the first state west of the Mississippi River and part of the Louisiana Purchase to seek statehood. It was also the first state to seek statehood from outside of the borders of the original national borders as established by the Treaty of Paris of 1783, which ended the American Revolution."
},
{
"docid": "D1303295#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_United_States_gain_from_the_Gadsden_purchase\nWhat did the United States gain from the Gadsden purchase?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Travel & Places Countries, States, and Cities United States of America New Mexico What did the United States gain from the Gadsden purchase? Flag What did the United States gain from the Gadsden purchase? Answer by Dave Carlson Confidence votes 29.3KCAREER PASSION: Find something you would be willing to do for free the rest of your life and figure out a way to make money doing it. The Gadsden Purchase was an 1854 treaty between the United States and Mexico. In exchange for $10 million the United States gained 29,640 square miles of land from Mexico. This land makes up a big chunk of southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico. In addition to the land, the United States resolved several territorial disputes between Mexico and issues related to a southern transcontinental railroad.2 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No What did the United States gain from the Louisiana Purchase? The United States purchased 529,920,000 acres of land from France. The land is located west of the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains."
},
{
"docid": "D1366660#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/How-did-the-Louisiana-Purchase-change-the-United-States\nHow did the Louisiana Purchase change the United States?",
"text": "Patricia Collins, 7th generation American who pays attention to U. S. governance & U. S. cultures Answered Mar 25, 2017 · Author has 1.3k answers and 1.6m answer views It’s interesting to think that $15M in 1803 is only $305M today, in terms of inflation. ( That’s because there were some very negative periods for the U. S. economy over many decades since that time.) $305M will buy you a hillside residence in Silicon Valley— maybe 2 acres of land. The Louisiana Purchase included 530M acres. While the U. S. did not become a recognized world power until WWII, the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and, in 1848, the acquisition of Western regions in the Treat y of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided unimagined exploitable natural resources and enabled the further near-annihilation of Native Americans. These two conditions are strongly interconnected, even today. As witnessed over the past year, the disregard for Native Americans and their ways of life is still widely accepted. In the 1800s, the Native American stewards of Turtle Island, in many cases, strongly resisted their own annihilation and the rape of the land that came with the exploitation of natural resources. I am not trying to paint an overly romantic picture of the wide variety of Native American nations and tribes, but their footprint on the land was minuscule compared with what occurred with the arrival of railroads, oil wells, farming homesteads, canals, and dams. The Louisiana Purchase made much of this possible."
},
{
"docid": "D634012#0",
"title": "http://nlp.cs.nyu.edu/meyers/controversial-wikipedia-corpus/english-html/main/main_0445.html\nLouisiana Purchase",
"text": "\"Your continued donations keep Wikipedia running!Louisiana Purchase From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For the musical, see Louisiana Purchase (musical). From Frank Bond, \"\"Louisiana\"\" and the Louisiana Purchase. Government Printing Office, 1912 Map No. 4. The Louisiana Purchase was the acquisition by the United States of more than 530,000,000 acres (828,000 mi² or 2,100,000 km²) of territory from France in 1803, at the cost of about 3 cents per acre (7¢ per hectare ); US$ 15 million or 80 million francs in total. Plus interest, America paid a total of $27,267,622 in exchange for the Louisiana territory. ( If adjusted for the relative share of GDP, this amount would equal approximately $707.6 million in 2005 [1], or about $1,800 per hectare. ) The lands purchased contained parts or all of present-day Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota west of the Mississippi River, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, New Mexico, northern Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, the portions of Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado east of the Rocky Mountains, the portions of southern Manitoba, southern Saskatchewan and southern Alberta that drain into the Missouri River, and Louisiana on both sides of the Mississippi River including the city of New Orleans. The land included in the purchase comprises 22.3% of the territory of the modern United States. The purchase was an important moment in the presidency of Thomas Jefferson."
},
{
"docid": "D2650145#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_did_the_US_pay_for_the_Louisiana_purchase\nHow much did the US pay for the Louisiana Territory?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States The Louisiana Purchase How much did the US pay for the Louisiana Territory? Flag How much did the US pay for the Louisiana Territory? Answer by Carin2oo6 Confidence votes 261$15 million or 3,750,00 francs was the price for the Louisiana Territory. The 1803 agreement was known as the Louisiana Purchase, whereby the French gave up their claims to the western Mississippi valley.17 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No How much did the US offer to buy all of the Louisiana Territory?15 Million US, 18 million franks Mark westcott 1 Contribution How much per acre did they pay for the Louisiana territory?all together they paid 15,000,000, but per acre it was estimated that they paid a little less than 3 cents per acre How much did Thomas Jefferson pay for the Louisiana territory? Thomas Jefferson paid fifteen million dollars to France (run by Napoleon Bonaparte at the time) for the Louisiana territory. Hedleygb 4,286 Contributions How much did the us pat France for the Louisiana territory?60 million francs ( $ 11,250,000) plus cancellation of debts worth 18 million francs ($3,750,000). Including interest, the U. S. finally paid $15,000,000 for the Louisiana te …Captain Vanderdecken 30 Contributions How much did the US buy the Louisiana territory for?\\n$15 million dollars (80 million French francs)How much did the US pay Napoleon for the Louisiana Territory in 1803?$15 million dollars J. P. Helm 124,843 Contributions Retired professor of math and computer science having taught for 36 years at a state supported university in Virginia How much did the United states pay for Louisiana territory?$15 million, ( about $219 million equivalent) today was the price. How much was paid for the Louisiana territory? For the land, $11,250,000."
},
{
"docid": "D1695149#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/9959718/ss-chapter-9-7th-grade-flash-cards/\nSS Chapter 9 7th grade",
"text": "\"68 terms Ford JJJSS Chapter 9 7th grade Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort How many troops were in the regular army at the start of the War of 1812? fewer than 7,000 troops What did Americans underestimate in their eagerness for war? the strength of the British and their Native American allies When did the War of 1812 start? July 1812Who led American naval forces to victory in the battle for Lake Erie? Commander Oliver Hazard Perry Where was Tecumseh killed? at the Battle of the Thames What American frigate destroyed the British warships the Guerriere and the Java? the Constituion Who led the bloody attack against the Creeks in March 1814? Andrew Jackson When did the British burn and destroy Washington, D. C.?"
},
{
"docid": "D246304#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/57810266/section-2-the-louisiana-purchase-assessment-flash-cards/\nSection 2: The Louisiana Purchase Assessment",
"text": "7 terms asiyahm Section 2: The Louisiana Purchase Assessment Chapter 7, Section 2: The Louisiana Purchase Assessment in 8th Grade U. S. History Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort What new states were added to the Union by the early 1800s? Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ohio. Why were New Orleans and the Mississippi River important to settlers in the West? The settlers depended on the port in New Orleans and the Mississippi River as a trading route to Europe. What two reasons did Napoleon have for selling Louisiana to the United States? He needed quick cash, and he didn't have the resources to maintain a huge possession that far away. Why was the Louisiana Purchase important to the United States? The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 was extremely important to the United States because it dramatically expanded the size of the country."
},
{
"docid": "D1626828#0",
"title": "http://thefamouspurchase.weebly.com/2-what-states-were-involved.html\n2-States Involved in the Louisiana Purchase",
"text": "\"2-States Involved in the Louisiana Purchase There were 11 states involved in the Louisiana Purchase. The states involved were Louisiana, Missouri, Arkansas, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, and Oklahoma. Louisiana was the 18th state to join the Union on April 30, 1812. In 1682, Robert Cavelier claimed this land for France. During this he also named this land Louisiana in honor of Louis XIV. In 1762 a secret treaty gave Spain the ability to have the Louisiana area. This state remained in control by Europe until 1803. Also in 1803, at the same time Louisiana was no longer in control, the U. S. bought the state as part of the Louisiana Purchase. Missouri had also been included in the purchase. Missouri became the 24th state of the U. S. on August 10, 1821."
},
{
"docid": "D246302#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_were_Meriwether_Lewis_and_William_Clark_chosen_to_lead_the_exploration_of_the_Louisiana_Purchase\nWhy were Meriwether Lewis and William Clark chosen to lead the exploration of the Louisiana Purchase?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States The Louisiana Purchase Why were Meriwether Lewis and William Clark chosen to lead the exploration of the Louisiana Purchase? Flag Why were Meriwether Lewis and William Clark chosen to lead the exploration of the Louisiana Purchase? Answer by N9f543o2jfgu Confidence votes 11.3KMeriwether Lewis was first chosen to go on the Louisiana Purchase because he was President Jefferson's aide and Jefferson knew he could rely on him. Lewis would be promoted to Captain after he agreed to join. To prepare for the expedition, Lewis was sent to Philadelphia for intense training by physician Benjamin Rush, astronomer-surveyor Andrew Ellicott, botanist Benjamin Barton, anatomist Casper Wister, and mathematician Robert Patterson. For three months he was tutored in the spring of 1803. The skills that Lewis learned would be passed on to Clark as they traveled. Prior to the expedition, Clark was in fact Lewis' superior officer and was very experienced in handling boats. Lewis would ask Clark to serve mainly as the expedition \"\"doctor\"\" and co-writer of the Journals.17 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Why was William clark chosen to explore the Louisiana purchase?"
}
] |
620188
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what did the magna carta eventually do
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[
{
"docid": "D279851#0",
"title": "http://www.history.com/topics/british-history/magna-carta\nMagna Carta",
"text": "\"Background and Context John (the youngest son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine) was not the first English king to grant concessions to his citizens in the form of a charter, though he was the first one to do so under threat of civil war. Upon taking the throne in 1100, Henry I had issued a Coronation Charter in which he promised to limit taxation and confiscation of church revenues, among other abuses of power. But he went on to ignore these precepts, and the barons lacked the power to enforce them. They later gained more leverage, however, as a result of the English crown’s need to fund the Crusades and pay a ransom for John’s brother and predecessor, Richard I (the Lionheart), who was taken prisoner by Emperor Henry VI of Germany during the Third Crusade. Did You Know? Today, memorials stand at Runnymede to commemorate the site's connection to freedom, justice and liberty. In addition to the John F. Kennedy Memorial, Britain's tribute to the 36th U. S. president, a rotunda built by the American Bar Association stands as \"\"a tribute to Magna Carta, symbol of freedom under law. \"\" In 1199, when Richard died without leaving an heir, John was forced to contend with a rival for succession in the form of his nephew Arthur (the young son of John’s deceased brother Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany). After a war with King Philip II of France, who supported Arthur, John was able to consolidate power. He immediately angered many former supporters with his cruel treatment of prisoners (including Arthur, who was probably murdered on John’s orders)."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D2580793#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_and_state_in_medieval_Europe\nChurch and state in medieval Europe",
"text": "\"This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( May 2011) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)The traditional social stratification of the Occident in the 15th century Church and state in medieval Europe includes the relationship between the Christian church and the various monarchies and other states in Europe, between the end of Roman authority in the West in the fifth century and the beginnings of the Reformation in the early sixteenth century. The relationship between the Church and the feudal states during the medieval period went through a number of developments. The struggles for power between kings and popes shaped the western world. Contents [ hide ]1 Origins2 Historical events2.1 Investiture controversy2.2 Magna Carta2.3 Philip the Fair2.4 Thomas Becket2.5 Guelphs and Ghibellines2.6 First Crusade3 See also4 References Origins [ edit]The Church gradually became a defining institution of the Roman Empire. [ 1] Emperor Constantine issued the Edict of Milan in 313 proclaiming toleration for the Christian religion, and convoked the First Council of Nicaea in 325 whose Nicene Creed included belief in \"\"one holy catholic and apostolic Church\"\". Emperor Theodosius I made Nicene Christianity the state church of the Roman Empire with the Edict of Thessalonica of 380. [ 2]After the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century, there emerged no single powerful secular government in the West."
},
{
"docid": "D1651056#0",
"title": "http://magnacarta800th.com/schools/downloads-and-resources/magna-carta-questions-and-answers/\nMagna Carta Questions and Answers",
"text": "Home » Schools » Downloads and Resources » Magna Carta Questions and Answers Welcome to a new section on our website where we aim to provide you with clear and concise answers to any questions you have about Magna Carta. In the run up to the 800th anniversary we’ll be posting your questions and our answers on this page. Our answers below have been provided by distinguished Medieval expert, Professor Nigel Saul of Royal Holloway, University of London. Prof. Nigel Saul is a distinguished academic & Medieval expert. Click here to download Magna Carta FAQ Answers . PDFQuestion 1: What has Magna Carta done for me? Quite simple – it’s because of Magna Carta that we live in a free country today. Magna Carta affirmed the vital principle of freedom under the law. Clause 39 of the Charter said: ‘no free man shall be imprisoned or deprived of his lands except by judgement of his peers or by the law of the land’."
},
{
"docid": "D3495710#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_did_the_Magna_Carta_help_unify_England_as_a_nation\nWhat were the effects of the Magna Carta in England?",
"text": "Joseph Osayi 94 Contributions What were the effects of the Magna Carta in England? The short term effects of Magna Carta in England were little more than a temporary ceasefire in the struggle between King John and the Barons. The main long-term effect, whic …97twilight 54 Contributions When did Magna Carta sign in England? The Magna Carta was signed in Runnymede, England on June 15 th 1215. Katrin101 1 Contribution Who did the Magna Carta help? The Magna Carta helped everyone but mainly the peasants to have equal rights and freedom from slavery. Roibeaird WA 32,635 Contributions Whom did Magna Carta help? Magna Carta helped the English nobility. It was an understanding between King John and the various English lords and nobles about what the King could and could not do without …Why did the magna carta help people? Because it stated that King John had to lower taxes, not sentence people without a full trial in court, and that is someone was not a slave they could travel freely across the …Amber Decker 203 Contributions When did magna carta signed England?1215What did the Magna Carta do to King's of England?"
},
{
"docid": "D1772925#0",
"title": "http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/magna-carta-sealed\nMagna Carta sealed",
"text": "Lead Story1215Magna Carta sealed Share this:facebook twitter google+Print Cite Following a revolt by the English nobility against his rule, King John puts his royal seal on the Magna Carta, or “Great Charter.” The document, essentially a peace treaty between John and his barons, guaranteed that the king would respect feudal rights and privileges, uphold the freedom of the church, and maintain the nation’s laws. Although more a reactionary than a progressive document in its day, the Magna Carta was seen as a cornerstone in the development of democratic England by later generations. John was enthroned as king of England following the death of his brother, King Richard the Lion-Hearted, in 1199. King John’s reign was characterized by failure. He lost the duchy of Normandy to the French king and taxed the English nobility heavily to pay for his foreign misadventures. He quarreled with Pope Innocent III and sold church offices to build up the depleted royal coffers. Following the defeat of a campaign to regain Normandy in 1214, Stephen Langton, the archbishop of Canterbury, called on the disgruntled barons to demand a charter of liberties from the king. In 1215, the barons rose up in rebellion against the king’s abuse of feudal law and custom. John, faced with a superior force, had no choice but to give in to their demands."
},
{
"docid": "D1348280#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/30240750/us-history-chapter-3-and-4-flash-cards/\nu.s history chapter 3 and 4",
"text": "\"101 terms Horsebackrider2015u.s history chapter 3 and 4Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Since the 1200s which of the following has been guaranteed by English law? The right to trial by jury What was England's first PERMANENT settlement in North America? Jamestown The winter following John Smith's departure from Jamestown is called the starving timein 1619 a Dutch ship arrived in Virginia carrying 20 enslaved Africans What does the holiday of Thasnksgiving commemorate? the pilgrims' 1621 celebration of their good fortune Which of the following best describes New Englands climate? short warm summers and long snowy winterswhy did the Puritans leave England? to escape persecution by the King The Puritans founded their colony to assure freedom of worship for themselveswhat did Anne Hutchinson and Thomas Hooker have in common? Both disagreed with Puritan leaders and left Massachusetts When Massachusetts tried to control New Hampshire.. the king eventually granted New Hampshire a separate charter Who was King Philip? Metacom, chief of the Wampanogmiddle colonies were which states?"
},
{
"docid": "D1671855#0",
"title": "http://www.crf-usa.org/foundations-of-our-constitution/magna-carta.html\nMeeting at Runnymede",
"text": "\"Magna Carta Meeting at Runnymede The Story of King John and Magna Carta Myth and history are intertwined in the England of 800 years ago. We all remember the outlaw, Robin Hood. From his hideout in Sherwood Forest, he and his band of Merry Men preyed on the rich and gave to the poor. Their archenemy was the Sheriff of Nottingham, who took his orders from the sinister Prince John. While Robin Hood never existed, John certainly did. He was the central character in a real life drama that led to a milestone in human liberty: Magna Carta . Prince John's older brother, Richard, became king of England when their father, Henry II, died in 1189. King Richard I (also called Richard the Lionhearted) spent almost the entire 10 years of his reign away from England. He fought in tournaments, led crusades and waged several wars on the continent of Europe. Since Richard needed revenue to pay for his adventures, he taxed his subjects heavily."
},
{
"docid": "D179092#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_rights_did_the_Magna_Carta_protect\nWhat rights did the Magna Carta protect?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of Europe History of England Magna Carta What rights did the Magna Carta protect? Flag What rights did the Magna Carta protect? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. The Magna Carta protected the rights of all free citizens to own and inherit property and protection from excessive taxes. It established the rights of widows who owned property the right not to remarry. It also protected the right of the church to be free from governmental interference3 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No The Bill of Rights and the magna carta? There are some big differences between the American Bill of Rightsand the Magna Carta. Specifically, the Magna Carta is much olderthan the Bill of Rights. Furthermore, the Bil …Pancakehero12345 3 Contributions What were the Magna Carta rights?"
},
{
"docid": "D1419800#0",
"title": "https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/magna-carta-muse-and-mentor/magna-carta-and-the-us-constitution.html\nMagna Carta: Muse and Mentor Magna Carta and the U.S. Constitution",
"text": "Print Subscribe Share/Save Magna Carta: Muse and Mentor Magna Carta and the U. S. Constitution Home | Exhibition Overview | Exhibition Items | Public Programs | Learn More | Multimedia | Acknowledgments Sections: Magna Carta Comes to America | King John in History and Memory | Rebellion and the Great Charter | Lincoln Magna Carta | Confirmations by Kings and Parliament | Interpreting the Rule of Law | Rights of Englishmen in British America | No Taxation Without Representation | Magna Carta and the U. S. Constitution | Due Process of Law | Trial by Jury | Writ of Habeas Corpus | Executive Power | Magna Carta in Culture Proposed Articles of Amendment to the Federal Constitution [Bill of Rights], September 14, 1789. [ James Madison’s personal copy of printed broadside]. New York: Thomas Greenleaf, 1789. Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (035)Magna Carta exercised a strong influence both on the United States Constitution and on the constitutions of the various states. However, its influence was shaped by what eighteenth-century Americans believed Magna Carta to signify. Magna Carta was widely held to be the people’s reassertion of rights against an oppressive ruler, a legacy that captured American distrust of concentrated political power. In part because of this tradition, most of the state constitutions included declarations of rights intended to guarantee individual citizens a list of protections and immunities from the state government. The United States also adopted the Bill of Rights, in part, due to this political conviction. Both the state declarations of rights and the United States Bill of Rights incorporated several guarantees that were understood at the time of their ratification to descend from rights protected by Magna Carta. Among these are freedom from unlawful searches and seizures, a right to a speedy trial, a right to a jury trial in both a criminal and a civil case, and protection from loss of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. Many broader American constitutional principles have their roots in an eighteenth-century understanding of Magna Carta, such as the theory of representative government, the idea of a supreme law, and judicial review."
},
{
"docid": "D2356885#0",
"title": "http://www.bl.uk/magna-carta/articles/magna-carta-people-and-society\nMagna Carta: people and society",
"text": "Published: 28 Jul 2014Who were the key personalities in the history of Magna Carta? Find out more about King John, the barons, Pope Innocent III, Archbishop Stephen Langton and the other individuals and groups who played important roles. The names of King John (r.1199-1216) and the barons are entwined with the story of Magna Carta, but many people were involved in the events leading up to it. Others had roles to play in its legacy, or were directly affected by it. The key personalities are King John, the barons, Pope Innocent III (1161-1216) and Archbishop Stephen Langton (1150-1228). This article also explores the other individuals and groups who played a part in the story of Magna Carta. King John John is best remembered for granting Magna Carta in June 1215, although he sought its annulment almost immediately. The youngest son of Henry II (r.1154-89), John succeeded his brother, Richard I (r.1189-99), as King of England in 1199. His reign was marked by a string of unsuccessful military campaigns, a prolonged struggle with the Church and the baronial rebellion which led to Magna Carta. John exploited his feudal rights to extort money from the barons: he set taxes at very high levels, he enforced arbitrary fines and he seized the barons’ estates."
},
{
"docid": "D53944#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Due_process\nDue process",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Due process is the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights that are owed to a person. Due process balances the power of law of the land and protects the individual person from it. When a government harms a person without following the exact course of the law, this constitutes a due process violation, which offends the rule of law. Due process has also been frequently interpreted as limiting laws and legal proceedings (see substantive due process) so that judges, instead of legislators, may define and guarantee fundamental fairness, justice, and liberty. That interpretation has proven controversial. Analogous to the concepts of natural justice, and procedural justice used in various other jurisdictions, the interpretation of due process is sometimes expressed as a command that the government must not be unfair to the people or abuse them physically. The term is not used in contemporary English law, but two similar concepts are natural justice, which generally applies only to decisions of administrative agencies and some types of private bodies like trade unions, and the British constitutional concept of the rule of law as articulated by A. V. Dicey and others. [ 1] However, neither concept lines up perfectly with the American theory of due process, which, as explained below, presently contains many implied rights not found in either ancient or modern concepts of due process in England. [ 2]Due process developed from clause 39 of Magna Carta in England. Reference to due process first appeared in a statutory rendition of clause 39 in 1354 thus: \"\"No man of what state or condition he be, shall be put out of his lands or tenements nor taken, nor disinherited, nor put to death, without he be brought to answer by due process of law.\"\" ["
},
{
"docid": "D858086#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090817181150AAR6nIs\nWhat are the 10 most important events in world history?",
"text": "\"Arts & Humanities History What are the 10 most important events in world history?this is a summer project for school. im going into 9th grade. i really want to get a good grade (A) on this assignment. the teachers will judge a lot about me from the quality of the summer assignments that i turn in Guidelines: none of these events should be US history because the US is very young as a... show more1 following 14 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: There are many very important events in world history, but these 10 are some of the more significant: 1) Birth of civilization in Sumer. Sumer was the first true civilization in world history. The cities of Sumer were the first to practice intensive, year-round agriculture. The organization in Sumer led to the necessity of record keeping and the subsequent development of writing. 2) Establishment of the first official series of laws by the Egyptians. 3) Invention of paper. The invention of paper made writing a lot easier, since paper is a lot more dependable than the other objects that can be used to write on."
},
{
"docid": "D776302#0",
"title": "https://www.facebook.com/VusiThembekwayoPage/\n.",
"text": "Home About Photos Videos Events Posts Notes Community See more of Vusi Thembekwayo on Facebook Log Inor Create New Account ABOUT VUSI THEMBEKWAYOOur Story At 25 he ran a R400mln division in a R17bn multi-national. Today - whilst based in London - he is one... See More Community See All186,658 people like this194,067 people follow this About See All70 Grayston Drive (10,154.25 mi) Sandton, Gauteng 2191Get Directions+27 11 312 7551www.vusithembekwayo.com Entrepreneur Suggest Edits People186,658 likes People Also Like Financial Literacy with Nicolette Mashile Public Figure SA Entrepreneurs and Investors Network Local Business Hugo Hamity Architects Architectural Designer Pages liked by this Page My Growth Fund English (US) · Español · Português (Brasil) ·Français (France) · Deutsch Privacy · Terms · Advertising · Ad Choices ·Cookies · More Facebook © 2018Photos See All Videos2.1K205I have battled with this for most of my adult life. # Choose Your Company #Let The Destroyers Go #Club Move On905113A message to the 4 000...900221See All Posts Vusi Thembekwayo January 24 at 7:11am ·The Magna Carta of Exponentiality Synopsis In The Magna Carta of Exponentiality, we look at teams, leaders and organisations that have managed to deliver phenomenal market-beating results in the face of extreme uncertainty, severe resource constraints and socio-political instability. We study the foresight of managers who turned entrepreneurs, who seized opportunities and built businesses to rival their old employers, seasoned man... See More Vusi Thembekwayo1 hr ·Dear Community users. Please note that l will not be attending the event organised by Daniel Dan Kenosi in Botswana. It is false advertising and he only reached out to our organisation today (29.01.2018) at 10:46 after seeing his falsely advertised post. I am neither affiliated nor do l endorse his malicious practices. In-case you not sure if l will be attending an event and you would like to verify. Please email [email protected] or call our offices on +27 11 089 6404. Vusi Thembekwayo Entrepreneur Send Message See All Notes See All The Magna Carta of Exponentiality January 24Synopsis In The Magna Carta of Exponentiality, we look at teams, leaders and organisations that have managed to deliver phenomena... Posts Vusi Thembekwayo shared Grace Unleashed Youth Ministry 's video."
},
{
"docid": "D1642482#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_was_the_magna_carta_written\nWhy was the Magna Carta written?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of Europe History of England Magna Carta Why was the Magna Carta written? Flag Why was the Magna Carta written? Edit Answer by On the Wallaby Confidence votes 291KPassionate about all things Australian The Magna Carta was written in order to set down certain basic rights for all people. Magna Carta is Latin for \"\"Great Charter\"\". The document outlined rights which became part of English law and which are now the foundation of the constitution of all countries which speak English. It did not grant any new rights, but it did protect existing rights in writing. These rights included the basic right of anyone convicted of a crime to a jury trial; protection of private property; reasonable limits on taxes and a degree of guaranteed religious freedom. The Magna Carta was a significant influence on the long historical process that has resulted in the rule of constitutional law today. The Magna Carta came about because King John (who only became king in 1199 when his brother King Richard I died) had a reputation for being tyrannical. His reign was marred by continuous war losses, beginning with the loss of Normandy to Philippe Auguste of France and ending with England torn by civil war."
},
{
"docid": "D3560275#0",
"title": "http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturenews/11383687/The-Magna-Carta-explained.html\nWhat is the Magna Carta and why there is a Google Doodle?",
"text": "\"What is the Magna Carta and why there is a Google Doodle? On the 800th anniversary of the Magna Carta we ask what actually is it, and what does it mean? The four original surviving copies of the Magna Carta are brought together for the first time, as they are prepared for display at the British Library in London, as part of its 800th anniversary Photo: PABy Dan Jones10:50AM BST 15 Jun 2015The Magna Carta was granted 800 years ago. A series of events are taking place on the anniversary to mark the occasion, including a flotilla of boats sailing down the Thames and a royal appearance in Runnymede, the site of the charter's sealing all those years ago. Google has marked the occasion with one of its trademark doodles. The animated doodle shows King John signing the Magna Carta, meaning ‘The Great Charter’ - which is one of the most famous documents in the world. Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video. So what is it, how did it come about, and what does it do today? What is Magna Carta?"
},
{
"docid": "D1772928#0",
"title": "http://magnacarta800th.com/tag/king-john/\n\"Tagged \"\"King John\"\"\"",
"text": "November 17, 2016Magna Carta’s American Adventure Click here to read the full article By Prof. A. E. Dick Howard. First appeared in North Carolina Law Review (Vol. 94, No. 5 June 2016)I spent a good part of the summer of 2015 in England, lecturing on aspects of Magna Carta. It seemed that every town, village, or crossroads with any connection to Magna Carta was celebrating the Charter’s eight hundredth anniversary. It’s not surprising to hear about celebrations in the country that gave birth to Magna Carta. But the question I want to put before you tonight is: why should Americans care? After all, Magna Carta’s origins were a long time ago, in a very distant place, born of a struggle between King John and the barons. Why would an American remember Magna Carta?"
},
{
"docid": "D2364247#0",
"title": "http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/magna-carta-muse-and-mentor/writ-of-habeas-corpus.html\nMagna Carta: Muse and Mentor Writ of Habeas Corpus",
"text": "Print Subscribe Share/Save Magna Carta: Muse and Mentor Writ of Habeas Corpus Home | Exhibition Overview | Exhibition Items | Public Programs | Learn More | Multimedia | Acknowledgments Sections: Magna Carta Comes to America | King John in History and Memory | Rebellion and the Great Charter | Lincoln Magna Carta | Confirmations by Kings and Parliament | Interpreting the Rule of Law | Rights of Englishmen in British America | No Taxation Without Representation | Magna Carta and the U. S. Constitution | Due Process of Law | Trial by Jury | Writ of Habeas Corpus | Executive Power | Magna Carta in Culture Habeas Corpus Act of 1679. London: John Bill, Henry Hills, and Thomas Newcomb, 1681. Law Library, Library of Congress (077)King John’s Magna Carta guaranteed to all free men immunity from illegal imprisonment, a guarantee that has traditionally been invoked by way of the writ of habeas corpus. Under the concept of habeas corpus in Anglo-American jurisprudence, persons who are deprived of their liberty have the right to challenge the legality of their arrest or detention through a judicial inquiry. Habeas corpus is a Latin phrase meaning “produce the body.” By means of the writ of habeas corpus a court may order the state to “produce the body,” or hand over a prisoner so that it might review the legality of the prisoner’s detention. Although King John’s Magna Carta did guarantee protection from unlawful imprisonment, it did not establish a process by which a person might sue for his freedom. The association between Magna Carta’s protection and the writ of habeas corpus only took root in the seventeenth century following the conflict between the House of Commons and King Charles I, after which the writ of habeas corpus became one of the most important privileges associated with English liberties. It was reaffirmed in the Habeas Corpus Acts of 1640 and 1679 and appears frequently in discussions of constitutional rights throughout the era leading to American independence. It is one of the fundamental liberties mentioned in the body of the United States Constitution."
},
{
"docid": "D179091#0",
"title": "http://magnacarta800th.com/tag/the-barons/\n\"Tagged \"\"The Barons\"\"\"",
"text": "October 12, 2011The Magna Carta: Ideas for All Seasons Rex no potest peccare (The King can do no wrong)How many of you have read Unbroken, the bestseller by Laura Hillenbrand about Olympic runner Louis Zamperini ‘s experiences in World War II? Perhaps you will remember the part when Louie and his friends are in a particularly brutal Japanese prisoner of war camp where the Geneva Conventions are ignored and the rule of law is only a memory. In effort to distract themselves from mind numbing cold and starvation, the prisoners take to discussing the Magna Carta and its effect on medieval history. How amazing that in the midst of such deprivation, men on the edge of death focused on the Magna Carta. What a poignant example of the power and durability of the ideas in the Magna Carta. Powerful ideas – those that resonate within the human spirit — endure despite the historical accidents of their creation. The origin of this magnificent heritage was not promising. On the one side was an incompetent reckless King and on the other, a small group of landed hereditary nobility who were tired of the King’s endless demands. We venerate the idea of the Magna Carta — that freedom is secured under the rule of law and that no person is above the law — even though the Magna Carta or The Great Charter as it later came to be called, was literally nullified within weeks of its sealing. The creation of the Magna Carta was a revolutionary response by a ruling class of barons who were not much different from the despotic monarch they despised."
},
{
"docid": "D279849#0",
"title": "http://www.magnacarta.com/content/history\nHistory",
"text": "History Magna Carta from 1215 onwards Magna Carta, also called Magna Carta Libertatum (Great Charter of Freedom), is an English legal charter, originally issued in the year 1215 and was written in Latin. Magna Carta required King John of England to proclaim certain rights (pertaining to nobles and barons), respect certain legal procedures, and accept that his will could be bound by the law. It explicitly protected certain rights of the King's subjects - whether free or fettered - most notably the writ of habeas corpus*), allowing appeal against unlawful imprisonment. *) The writ of ‘Habeas Corpus ad subjiciendum’ is a legal action through which a person can seek relief from the unlawful detention of him or herself, or of another person. Magna Carta has been the most significant early influence on the extensive historical process that led to the rule of constitutional law today in the English speaking world and France. Magna Carta influenced the development of the common law and many constitutional documents, including the United States Constitution. In the period from 1224 to 1618 many clauses were renewed throughout the Middle Ages and continued to be renewed as late as the 18th century. The aim of the Magna Carta Institute for Human Rights and Obligations is to constantly review and develop human behaviour. MCI believes that society can only develop as a whole by developing its individual members. When it comes to human rights and obligations it eventually boils down to the right and the obligation to develop oneself."
},
{
"docid": "D1642486#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061218054818AAg6mqq\nWhy was the Magna Carta written?",
"text": "\"Politics & Government Government Why was the Magna Carta written? Follow 2 answers Answers Best Answer: \"\"Magna Carta (Latin for \"\"Great Charter\"\", literally \"\"Great Paper\"\"), also called Magna Carta Libertatum (\"\"Great Charter of Freedoms\"\"), is an English charter originally issued in 1215. Magna Carta was the most significant early influence on the long historical process that led to the rule of constitutional law today. Magna Carta influenced many common law documents, such as the United States Constitution and Bill of Rights, and is considered one of the most important legal documents in the history of democracy. Magna Carta was originally created because of disagreements between Pope Innocent III, King John and his English barons about the rights of the King. Magna Carta required the king to renounce certain rights, respect certain legal procedures and accept that the will of the king could be bound by law. Many clauses were renewed throughout the Middle Ages, and further during the Tudor and Stuart periods, and the 17th and 18th centuries. By the early 19th century most clauses had been repealed from English law. There are a number of popular misconceptions about Magna Carta, such as that it was the first document to limit the power of an English king by law (it was not the first, and was partly based on the Charter of Liberties); that it in practice limited the power of the king (it mostly did not in the Middle Ages); and that it is a single static document (it is a variety of documents referred to under a common name). \"\" Source (s):http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta Hearts NMinds · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment The facts about Magna Carta?"
},
{
"docid": "D3560273#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100923195149AAJysFU\nWhat main principles did the Magna Carta established?",
"text": "\"Arts & Humanities History What main principles did the Magna Carta established? Follow Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: It 'established' nothing new at all, but was instead provided a summary and convenient name for the social and criminal legal developments of the previous century. The original document of 1215 had only one genuinely new principle: it allowed a council of 25 nobles, all of whom were appointed by the rebellious nobles who had defeated John in civil war, to seize his wealth, property and even person without any form of justification at any time they chose. Rather than limiting the power of the king, the clause effectively was designed to turn England into an oligarchy run by a select group of nobles. This charter was repealed almost immediately after being signed, and, needless to say, this 'new principle' was not included in the later versions that became part of English law.? · 8 years ago0 0 Comment Magna Carta is an English charter, originally issued in the year 1215, and reissued later in the 13th century in modified versions which omit certain temporary provisions, including the most direct challenges to the monarch's authority. The charter first passed into law in 1225. The 1297 version, with the long title (originally in Latin) The Great Charter of the Liberties of England, and of the Liberties of the Forest, still remains on the statute books of England and Wales. The 1215 Charter required King John of England to proclaim certain liberties, and accept that his will was not arbitrary, for example by explicitly accepting that no \"\"freeman\"\" (in the sense of non-serf) could be punished except through the law of the land, a right which is still in existence today. Magna Carta was the first document forced onto an English King by a group of his subjects (the barons) in an attempt to limit his powers by law and protect their privileges."
}
] |
620189
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what did the magna carta protect
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[
{
"docid": "D179092#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_rights_did_the_Magna_Carta_protect\nWhat rights did the Magna Carta protect?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of Europe History of England Magna Carta What rights did the Magna Carta protect? Flag What rights did the Magna Carta protect? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. The Magna Carta protected the rights of all free citizens to own and inherit property and protection from excessive taxes. It established the rights of widows who owned property the right not to remarry. It also protected the right of the church to be free from governmental interference3 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No The Bill of Rights and the magna carta? There are some big differences between the American Bill of Rightsand the Magna Carta. Specifically, the Magna Carta is much olderthan the Bill of Rights. Furthermore, the Bil …Pancakehero12345 3 Contributions What were the Magna Carta rights?"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D3269679#0",
"title": "https://www.livescience.com/2458-magna-carta-changed-world.html\nWhat is the Magna Carta?",
"text": "\"Live Science History Reference: What is the Magna Carta? By Heather Whipps | February 9, 2012 04:23pm ETMOREA copy of the Magna Carta. Credit: U. S. National Archives It is crumbling, water-stained and written in Medieval Latin, but the Magna Carta has managed to remain relevant to the cause of human rights even today, 800 years after it was scrawled on parchment and affirmed with the sticky wax seal of the English king. England's \"\"Great Charter\"\" of 1215 was the first document to challenge the authority of the king, subjecting him to the rule of the law and protecting his people from feudal abuse. Although most of the charter's ideas were revised or have since been repealed, the Magna Carta's fundamental tenets provided the outline for modern democracies. One of its clauses, still in the English law books, has been credited as the first definition of habeas corpus – the universal right to due process. Taking a cue from the document more than five centuries later, American revolutionaries incorporated many of the Magna Carta's basic ideas into another important piece of parchment – the U. S. Constitution. Robin Hood's King John reviled by all Feudalism was the framework by which all landowning was governed in England during medieval times. It essentially granted the king control of all the land in his kingdom, which was worked by peasants and overseen by feudal barons. Everyone in the hierarchy had financial and social responsibilities to the rank above them, including the barons, who reported directly to the king."
},
{
"docid": "D240402#0",
"title": "http://www.livescience.com/2458-magna-carta-changed-world.html\nWhat is the Magna Carta?",
"text": "\"Live Science History Reference: What is the Magna Carta? By Heather Whipps | February 9, 2012 04:23pm ETMOREA copy of the Magna Carta. Credit: U. S. National Archives It is crumbling, water-stained and written in Medieval Latin, but the Magna Carta has managed to remain relevant to the cause of human rights even today, 800 years after it was scrawled on parchment and affirmed with the sticky wax seal of the English king. England's \"\"Great Charter\"\" of 1215 was the first document to challenge the authority of the king, subjecting him to the rule of the law and protecting his people from feudal abuse. Although most of the charter's ideas were revised or have since been repealed, the Magna Carta's fundamental tenets provided the outline for modern democracies. One of its clauses, still in the English law books, has been credited as the first definition of habeas corpus – the universal right to due process. Taking a cue from the document more than five centuries later, American revolutionaries incorporated many of the Magna Carta's basic ideas into another important piece of parchment – the U. S. Constitution. Robin Hood's King John reviled by all Feudalism was the framework by which all landowning was governed in England during medieval times. It essentially granted the king control of all the land in his kingdom, which was worked by peasants and overseen by feudal barons. Everyone in the hierarchy had financial and social responsibilities to the rank above them, including the barons, who reported directly to the king."
},
{
"docid": "D3495710#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_did_the_Magna_Carta_help_unify_England_as_a_nation\nWhat were the effects of the Magna Carta in England?",
"text": "Joseph Osayi 94 Contributions What were the effects of the Magna Carta in England? The short term effects of Magna Carta in England were little more than a temporary ceasefire in the struggle between King John and the Barons. The main long-term effect, whic …97twilight 54 Contributions When did Magna Carta sign in England? The Magna Carta was signed in Runnymede, England on June 15 th 1215. Katrin101 1 Contribution Who did the Magna Carta help? The Magna Carta helped everyone but mainly the peasants to have equal rights and freedom from slavery. Roibeaird WA 32,635 Contributions Whom did Magna Carta help? Magna Carta helped the English nobility. It was an understanding between King John and the various English lords and nobles about what the King could and could not do without …Why did the magna carta help people? Because it stated that King John had to lower taxes, not sentence people without a full trial in court, and that is someone was not a slave they could travel freely across the …Amber Decker 203 Contributions When did magna carta signed England?1215What did the Magna Carta do to King's of England?"
},
{
"docid": "D2024829#0",
"title": "http://www.magnacharta.com/bomc/magna-charta-and-the-colonies-ii/\nMagna Carta and the Colonies",
"text": "Magna Carta and the Coloniesby G. Tully Vaughan, Marshall Baronial Order of Magna Charta Magna Carta gave to America and the rest of the world the concept of a written constitution representing freedom under the rule of law. Regarding American history, the influence of the Magna Carta lay not in the encounter of King John and the barons of the realm at Runnemede in 1215, but rather in Sir Edward Coke’s colorful version, however inaccurate, and highly palatable perception of the common law. In 1607, Coke was the Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in England, and it was he who drew up the Royal Charter granted by King James 1st for the Virginia Company of London, which established the colony in Jamestown, Virginia in that year. This charter declared that “The persons which shall dwell within the colonies shall have all the liberties as if they had been abiding and born within this our realm of England or any other of our dominions.” These “Liberties” appeared in one form or another in the founding charters of Massachusetts (1629), Maryland (1632), Maine (1639), Connecticut (1662), Rhode Island (1663), and Georgia (1732). William Penn published the Magna Carta in Philadelphia in 1687, only five years after that city was founded. The world’s only complete copy of his book now resides in Haverford, Pennsylvania. From the Virginia charter of 1606 to the Massachusetts Body of Liberties of 1641 to the Constitution, which William Penn wrote for the colony of West New Jersey, and his charters for his own settlement, immigrants were guaranteed that English law back to Magna Carta would follow them to the colonies. In 1747 the governor and assistants of the young commonwealth of Massachusetts ordered two copies of Sir Edward Coke on Magna Carta along with various other books on English law ‘to the end that we might have a better light for making and proceeding about laws”. By 1640 there were about 20,000 British immigrants had settled along the Eastern seaboard of America and their leaders were aware at the outset of the need to establish the rule of law on firm footing."
},
{
"docid": "D1963533#0",
"title": "http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-1_u-105_t-279_c-929/causes-and-effects-of-the-magna-carta/nsw/hsie/introduction-to-democracy/democratic-development\nCauses and effects of the Magna Carta",
"text": "Causes and effects of the Magna Carta Unit Home Topic Home Chapter Home 3 Pictures 2 Animations 0 Videos Chapter Summary 0 Activities 0 Exams What is the Magna Carta? The Magna Carta is a document that dates back to the year 1215. The name is Latin for 'Great Charter'. A charter is a written document that defines the rights of a group of people. In this case the document defined the rights of King John, who ruled England at the time, a group of wealthy men called barons and the Catholic Church in England. Throughout history the document's meaning has expanded to include other people as well. Why was it created? King John ruled at the beginning of the 13th century. He was an unpopular king for a number of reasons. One was that he was unsuccessful in some battles which made him look like a weak leader."
},
{
"docid": "D902964#0",
"title": "http://www.academia.edu/9507231/Absolute_Monarchy_Towards_Constitutional_Monarchy_In_Great_Britain_\nAbsolute Monarchy Towards Constitutional Monarchy (In Great Britain)",
"text": "\"docx Absolute Monarchy Towards Constitutional Monarchy (In Great Britain)11 Pages Absolute Monarchy Towards Constitutional Monarchy (In Great Britain)Uploaded by Irfan Ali Khuhroconnect to download Get docx Absolute Monarchy Towards Constitutional Monarchy (In Great Britain)Download Absolute Monarchy Towards Constitutional Monarchy (In Great Britain) Introduction It is still a controversial issue or topic of debate that who was the first King of Britain, but most historians starts with the Edward The Elder 899-924 as the first monarch of Britain. He established his monarchy with the conquest of the Danish in northern England. He and his successors were absolute monarchs till 1215. In 1215 Magna Carta was signed by King John which was the first written legal document of Britain that restricted the monarch powers. A stone was laid in 1215 which laid the development of constitutional monarchy in Britain. Then the major developments which limited the monarch’s powers and strengthen the constitutional monarchy were Petition of Rights 1628, Glorious revolution of 1688, Bill of Rights in 1689 and The Act of Settlement 1701. Gradually and slowly the Monarchs transferred their powers to the legislature. Till now Great Britain has been ruled by many monarchs including Absolute and constitutional monarchs. English absolute monarchs continued to rule Britain until 18th century, when the country became a constitutional monarchy and most national policies was decided by parliament. Monarchy Monarchy is a form of government in which the head of state is a monarch."
},
{
"docid": "D2260744#0",
"title": "https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured-documents/magna-carta\nThe Magna Carta",
"text": "\"The Magna Carta Enlarge Magna Carta, 1297: Widely viewed as one of the most important legal documents in the history of democracy. On display in the David M. Rubenstein Gallery. Presented courtesy of David M. Rubenstein. \"\" The democratic aspiration is no mere recent phase in human history . . . It was written in Magna Carta.\"\" --Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 1941 Inaugural address On June 15, 1215, in a field at Runnymede, King John affixed his seal to Magna Carta. Confronted by 40 rebellious barons, he consented to their demands in order to avert civil war. Just 10 weeks later, Pope Innocent III nullified the agreement, and England plunged into internal war. Although Magna Carta failed to resolve the conflict between King John and his barons, it was reissued several times after his death. On display at the National Archives, courtesy of David M. Rubenstein, is one of four surviving originals of the 1297 Magna Carta."
},
{
"docid": "D2524486#0",
"title": "http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/magna-carta-muse-and-mentor/magna-carta-and-the-us-constitution.html\nMagna Carta: Muse and Mentor Magna Carta and the U.S. Constitution",
"text": "Print Subscribe Share/Save Magna Carta: Muse and Mentor Magna Carta and the U. S. Constitution Home | Exhibition Overview | Exhibition Items | Public Programs | Learn More | Multimedia | Acknowledgments Sections: Magna Carta Comes to America | King John in History and Memory | Rebellion and the Great Charter | Lincoln Magna Carta | Confirmations by Kings and Parliament | Interpreting the Rule of Law | Rights of Englishmen in British America | No Taxation Without Representation | Magna Carta and the U. S. Constitution | Due Process of Law | Trial by Jury | Writ of Habeas Corpus | Executive Power | Magna Carta in Culture Proposed Articles of Amendment to the Federal Constitution [Bill of Rights], September 14, 1789. [ James Madison’s personal copy of printed broadside]. New York: Thomas Greenleaf, 1789. Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress (035)Magna Carta exercised a strong influence both on the United States Constitution and on the constitutions of the various states. However, its influence was shaped by what eighteenth-century Americans believed Magna Carta to signify. Magna Carta was widely held to be the people’s reassertion of rights against an oppressive ruler, a legacy that captured American distrust of concentrated political power. In part because of this tradition, most of the state constitutions included declarations of rights intended to guarantee individual citizens a list of protections and immunities from the state government. The United States also adopted the Bill of Rights, in part, due to this political conviction. Both the state declarations of rights and the United States Bill of Rights incorporated several guarantees that were understood at the time of their ratification to descend from rights protected by Magna Carta. Among these are freedom from unlawful searches and seizures, a right to a speedy trial, a right to a jury trial in both a criminal and a civil case, and protection from loss of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. Many broader American constitutional principles have their roots in an eighteenth-century understanding of Magna Carta, such as the theory of representative government, the idea of a supreme law, and judicial review."
},
{
"docid": "D3495712#0",
"title": "http://magnacarta800th.com/articles/magna-carta-and-the-pillars-of-democrac/\nArticles",
"text": "Home » Articles » Magna Carta And The Pillars Of Democracy In England October 6, 2011Magna Carta And The Pillars Of Democracy In England The Magna Carta was a document that marked one of the first instances of democratic change in England’s history. For most of history, the nation has existed under monarchical rule. Often foreign imaginings of England are incorporated with idealised images of quaint country settings, courtiers, dukes and kings. Whilst there is some gravity in these beliefs, it certainly serves to only represent a small vain of the country’s history. These notions lend themselves to the fantastical, and indeed, the majority of modern day conceptions of fantasy have their origins deeply rooted in English cultural tradition. It is furthered by the global appeal of Shakespeare, plays that depict the lives of kings and members of the aristocracy. Behind the scenes of all this bliss, however, remained the austere face of the country’s social and political condition. The feudal system saw England’s peasantry subjugated by the land-owners. They were not able to own land, but were able to make their living by working the land of another. This was not exclusive to England; similar hegemonic rule could be seen across the rest of the world."
},
{
"docid": "D2540191#0",
"title": "http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/11310696/Magna-Carta-an-idiots-guide-by-historian-Dan-Jones.html\nMagna Carta: the things you didn't know",
"text": "Magna Carta: the things you didn't know800 years ago, Magna Carta was granted and in 2015 the reunited copies are on display. Here's the story of the seminal document John sealing the Magna Carta by Frank Wood, 1925 Photo: www.bridgemanimages.com By Dan Jones9:03AM BST 09 Jun 2015This will be the year of Magna Carta. It is a year rich in historical anniversaries, including those of the battles of Agincourt (1415) and Waterloo (1815). But it is the commemoration of King John’s great concession at Runnymede on June 15 1215 that should dominate our thoughts, as we consider the profound influence that the Great Charter has had on eight centuries of history in England, Britain and the English-speaking world. The celebrations begin this year on February 3. For one day, the only four known copies of Magna Carta 1215 will be brought together for the first time, at the British Library, where they will be seen by the 1,215 people who have won their tickets in a public ballot. There will be plenty more Magna Carta pageantry during the rest of the year, including an exhibition, also at the British Library, a royal visit to Runnymede on the anniversary itself and many other smaller events in towns across the UK – Lincoln, Bury St Edmunds, Salisbury and more – who claim a historic connection with the Great Charter. But what exactly is Magna Carta? Why was it granted? Does it really speak to the principles of democracy, liberty and human rights with which it is so often associated?"
},
{
"docid": "D3106231#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/7128960/middle-ages-flash-cards/\nMiddle Ages",
"text": "\"39 terms byeung100Middle Ages Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort The fall of Rome What event marked the beginning of the Middle Ages? Europe was in chaos due to the loss of civilization and widespread warfare among the barbarian tribes Why are the early Middle Ages sometimes referred to as the \"\"Dark Ages? \"\" In the early Middle Ages, Europe was in chaos. But in the late Middle Ages the modern nations of France and England was born and Europe became the dominant region of the world. Civilization returned. How were the late Middle Ages different from the early Middle Ages? The eastern portion of the Roman Empire that survived for another thousand years What was the Byzantine Empire? Constantinople What was the capital of the Byzantine Empire?"
},
{
"docid": "D53943#0",
"title": "https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/magna-carta-muse-and-mentor/due-process-of-law.html\nMagna Carta: Muse and Mentor Due Process of Law",
"text": "\"Print Subscribe Share/Save Magna Carta: Muse and Mentor Due Process of Law Home | Exhibition Overview | Exhibition Items | Public Programs | Learn More | Multimedia | Acknowledgments Sections: Magna Carta Comes to America | King John in History and Memory | Rebellion and the Great Charter | Lincoln Magna Carta | Confirmations by Kings and Parliament | Interpreting the Rule of Law | Rights of Englishmen in British America | No Taxation Without Representation | Magna Carta and the U. S. Constitution | Due Process of Law | Trial by Jury | Writ of Habeas Corpus | Executive Power | Magna Carta in Culture International News Photos, Inc. Women textile workers being escorted by policemen following arrest for picketing the Jackson mill in Nashua, New Hampshire, September 7, 1934. New York World-Telegram and the Sun Newspaper Photograph Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress Due process of law is a constitutional guarantee that prevents governments from impacting citizens in an abusive way. In its modern form, due process includes both procedural standards that courts must uphold in order to protect peoples’ personal liberty and a range of liberty interests that statutes and regulations must not infringe. It traces its origins to Chapter 39 of King John’s Magna Carta, which provides that no freeman will be seized, dispossessed of his property, or harmed except “by the law of the land,” an expression that referred to customary practices of the court. The phrase “due process of law” first appeared as a substitute for Magna Carta’s “the law of the land” in a 1354 statute of King Edward III that restated Magna Carta’s guarantee of the liberty of the subject. The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution, which guarantee that no person shall “be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law,” incorporated the model of the rule of law that English and American lawyers associated most closely with Magna Carta for centuries. Under this model, strict adherence to regular procedure was the most important safeguard against tyranny. Over time, courts in the United States have ruled that due process also limits legislation and protects certain areas of individual liberty from regulation. Due Process of Law During the rule of King Edward III (reigned 1327–1377), Parliament enacted six statutes to clarify the meaning and scope of the liberties that Magna Carta guarantees. The statutes interpreted the expression “the law of the land,” which appears in Chapter 29, as the judicial procedures that protect a subject’s liberties."
},
{
"docid": "D1411371#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/Magna-Carta\nMagna Carta",
"text": "Magna Carta, English Great Charter, charter of English liberties granted by King John on June 15, 1215, under threat of civil war and reissued with alterations in 1216, 1217, and 1225. By declaring the sovereign to be subject to the rule of law and documenting the liberties held by “free men,” the Magna Carta would provide the foundation for individual rights in Anglo-American jurisprudence. Opening of the preamble to Magna Carta of 1215; in the British Library (Cotton MS Augustus II 106). Reproduced by permission of the British Library Board Read More on This Topic United Kingdom: Revolt of the barons and Magna Carta Ever since the loss of Normandy John had been building up a coalition of rulers in Germany and the Low Countries to assist him against the French king. His chief ally was Otto IV, king of Germany and Holy Roman emperor. Plans for…READ MOREOrigin of the Magna Carta With his conquest of England in 1066, William I secured for himself and his immediate successors a position of unprecedented power. He was able to dominate not only the country but also the barons who had helped him win it and the ecclesiastics who served the English church. He forced Pope Alexander II to be content with indirect control over the church in a land that the papacy hitherto had regarded as bound by the closest ties to Rome. William’s son Henry I —whose accession (1100) was challenged by his eldest brother, Robert, duke of Normandy —was compelled to make concessions to the nobles and clergy in the Charter of Liberties, a royal edict issued upon his coronation. His successor, Stephen (1135), whose hold on the throne was threatened by Henry I’s daughter Matilda, again issued a solemn charter (1136) with even more generous promises of good government in church and state."
},
{
"docid": "D375947#0",
"title": "http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/magna-carta-what-is-it-and-why-is-it-still-important-today-10017258.html\nMagna Carta: What is it â and why is it still important today?",
"text": "News UKMagna Carta: What is it – and why is it still important today? The four surviving copies of the 1215 Magna Carta Loulla-Mae Eleftheriou-Smith Monday 2 February 2015 09:00 GMT 1 comment Click to follow The Independent Online The four original surviving copies of the Magna Carta are brought together for the first time, as they are prepared for display at the British Library in central London, as part of its 800th anniversary PAThis year marks the 800th anniversary of the Magna Carta, and today the four surviving copies of the 1215 document have been brought together for the first time in London. What is it? Magna Carta, which means ‘The Great Charter’, is one of the most important documents in history as it established the principle that everyone is subject to the law, even the king, and guarantees the rights of individuals, the right to justice and the right to a fair trial. King John signing the Magna Carta When was it signed? The Magna Carta was first authorised in June 1215 at Runnymede, on the River Thames, near Windsor. Paintings depicting the signing of the document often show King John with a quill in his hand, thought he most likely authorised the document using the Great Seal rather than a signature. In fact, the Royal Mint has been criticised for the design on its commemorative 800th anniversary £2 coin, which shows King John brandishing the document and a quill. Why was it created? In 1215 King John agreed to the terms of the Magna Carta following the uprising of a group of rebel barons in England."
},
{
"docid": "D2587027#0",
"title": "http://medievaleurope.mrdonn.org/magnacarta.html\nMiddle Ages for Kids King John & the Magna Carta",
"text": "Kids Teachers Powerpoints Games Quiz Middle Ages for Kids King John & the Magna Carta England had many kings, some good, some not so good, and some really terrible. King John was a terrible king. There are stories about him saying things like he had put a peasant in prison so he could seize the man's horse and cart. King John was also a liar. He lied to get his own way. He was also very domineering. He expected to get everything that he wanted just because he was king. Promises meant nothing King John. He would promise anything if there was money in it for him, but as soon as he saw an advantage for himself, he broke his word. King John didn't even care for the church."
},
{
"docid": "D762114#0",
"title": "http://www.dictionary.com/browse/magna-carta\nMagna Carta",
"text": "\"Magna Cartaor Magna Charta [ mag -n uh kahr -t uh]Spell Syllables Examples Word Originnoun1. the “great charter” of English liberties, forced from King John by the English barons and sealed at Runnymede, June 15, 1215.2. any fundamental constitution or law guaranteeing rights and liberties. Origin of Magna Carta Expandlate Middle English Medieval Latin1425-14751425-75; late Middle English < Medieval Latin Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2018. Cite This Source Examples from the Web for Magna Carta Expand Contemporary Examples The Samsung-distributed Magna Carta Holy Grail vs. the corporate-bashing Yeezus. Jay Z and Kanye West Deliver the Mother of All Performances at SXSWMarlow Stern March 13, 2014Not in terms of units moved but humans moved has Yeezus blown ARTPOP and Magna Carta Holy Grail out of the water. From Lady Gaga To Jay-Z, “Serious” Art Is Ruining Pop Music James Poulos November 24, 2013In fact, the bulk of Magna Carta, which was mainly produced by Timbaland, feels overproduced. Jay-Z’s New Album, ‘Magna Carta Holy Grail,’ Is an Overhyped Mess Marlow Stern July 5, 2013If they do, then Magna Carta Holy Grail has already gone platinum, notching the most first week sales of 2013. Jay-Z Announces New Album ‘Magna Carta Holy Grail’ for July 4Marlow Stern June 17, 2013Historical Examples Magna Carta is careful of wine, beer, corn and cloth; not of land. Domesday Book and Beyond Frederic William Maitland Magna Carta can hardly be said to have introduced any new ideas."
},
{
"docid": "D2149393#0",
"title": "https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/magna-carta-muse-and-mentor/writ-of-habeas-corpus.html\nMagna Carta: Muse and Mentor Writ of Habeas Corpus",
"text": "Print Subscribe Share/Save Magna Carta: Muse and Mentor Writ of Habeas Corpus Home | Exhibition Overview | Exhibition Items | Public Programs | Learn More | Multimedia | Acknowledgments Sections: Magna Carta Comes to America | King John in History and Memory | Rebellion and the Great Charter | Lincoln Magna Carta | Confirmations by Kings and Parliament | Interpreting the Rule of Law | Rights of Englishmen in British America | No Taxation Without Representation | Magna Carta and the U. S. Constitution | Due Process of Law | Trial by Jury | Writ of Habeas Corpus | Executive Power | Magna Carta in Culture Habeas Corpus Act of 1679. London: John Bill, Henry Hills, and Thomas Newcomb, 1681. Law Library, Library of Congress (077)King John’s Magna Carta guaranteed to all free men immunity from illegal imprisonment, a guarantee that has traditionally been invoked by way of the writ of habeas corpus. Under the concept of habeas corpus in Anglo-American jurisprudence, persons who are deprived of their liberty have the right to challenge the legality of their arrest or detention through a judicial inquiry. Habeas corpus is a Latin phrase meaning “produce the body.” By means of the writ of habeas corpus a court may order the state to “produce the body,” or hand over a prisoner so that it might review the legality of the prisoner’s detention. Although King John’s Magna Carta did guarantee protection from unlawful imprisonment, it did not establish a process by which a person might sue for his freedom. The association between Magna Carta’s protection and the writ of habeas corpus only took root in the seventeenth century following the conflict between the House of Commons and King Charles I, after which the writ of habeas corpus became one of the most important privileges associated with English liberties. It was reaffirmed in the Habeas Corpus Acts of 1640 and 1679 and appears frequently in discussions of constitutional rights throughout the era leading to American independence. It is one of the fundamental liberties mentioned in the body of the United States Constitution."
},
{
"docid": "D240400#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_were_the_effects_of_the_Magna_Carta_in_England\nWhat were the effects of the Magna Carta in England?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of Europe History of England Magna Carta What were the effects of the Magna Carta in England? Flag What were the effects of the Magna Carta in England? Answer by Joseph Osayi Confidence votes 451The short term effects of Magna Carta in England were little more than a temporary ceasefire in the struggle between King John and the Barons. The main long-term effect, which was a real advance in English government, was a clear enunciation of the principle that even the King had to obey the law. in addition the monarchy was forced to respect the rights of the common man, they could not simply kill you by edict anymore. Even the King had to obey the law is something that seems to us a fuss about nothing, but it was a huge step forward. This, combined with agreements concerning the establishment of proper courts of law, later enabled King Henry II to set up a legal system now referred to as the Anglo-saxon legal system. You might perhaps never have heard of this system, but if you live in the UK, Ireland, Canada, the USA, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania, Gibraltar, Malta, Uganda, Zimbabwe,Sri Lanka or India then you live your life under it.5 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No97twilight 54 Contributions When did Magna Carta sign in England? The Magna Carta was signed in Runnymede, England on June 15th 1215."
},
{
"docid": "D179090#0",
"title": "http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/what-is-the-magna-carta\nWhat is the Magna Carta?",
"text": "History Stories What is the Magna Carta? History Stories What is the Magna Carta? By Mariel Synan// June 19, 2013Print Cite Hundreds of years before American colonists revolted against the crown, rebel nobles in England drafted the Magna Carta to curtail the power of their own tyrannical monarch–King John. While the Magna Carta, signed in 1215, primarily secured liberties for England’s elite classes, its language protecting due process and barring absolute monarchy has guided the fundamental principles of common law in constitutions around the world for the last 800 years. The Magna Carta brought an end to the absolute power of English sovereigns as they, too, were required to be held accountable by the law. King John had a tumultuous relationship with Pope Innocent III, a controversial figure in the early 13th century who claimed supreme authority over European sovereigns. After opposing Stephen Langton’s appointment as archbishop of Canterbury in 1207, King John became the first English monarch to be excommunicated, so he struck back by taxing the Church and seizing portions of its lands. He was even more unpopular among the English barons, whom he taxed heavily to pay for his military defeats. In 1214, King John launched an unsuccessful invasion of France and taxed the English nobility again to pay for his war, sparking a revolt of the barons in 1215. To resolve the civil unrest and end the king’s abuse of power, Langton and a group of rebel barons drafted the Articles of the Barons, which became the Magna Carta."
},
{
"docid": "D1031796#0",
"title": "http://www.livescience.com/20919-democracy.html\nWhat Is Democracy? Definition, Types & History",
"text": "\"Live Science Culture Reference: What Is Democracy? Definition, Types & History By Kim Ann Zimmermann, Live Science Contributor | June 12, 2012 09:17pm ETMORECompared to dictatorships, oligarchies, monarchies and aristocracies, in which the people have little or no say in who is elected and how the government is run, a democracy is often said to be the most challenging form of government, as input from those representing citizens determines the direction of the country. The basic definition of democracy in its purest form comes from the Greek language: The term means “rule by the people.” But democracy is defined in many ways — a fact that has caused much disagreement among those leading various democracies as to how best to run one. The Greeks and Romans established the precursors to today’s modern democracy. The three main branches of Athenian democracy were the Assembly of the Demos, the Council of 500 and the People’s Court. Assembly and the Council were responsible for legislation, along with ad hoc boards of “lawmakers. ”Democracy also has roots in the Magna Carta, England's \"\"Great Charter\"\" of 1215 that was the first document to challenge the authority of the king, subjecting him to the rule of the law and protecting his people from feudal abuse. Democracy as we know it today was not truly defined until the Age of Enlightenment in the 17th and 18th centuries, during which time the U. S. Declaration of Independence was penned, followed by the U. S. Constitution (which borrowed heavily from the Magna Carta). The term evolved to mean a government structured with a separation of powers, provided basic civil rights, religious freedom and separation of church and state."
}
] |
620198
|
what did the mayan speak
|
[
{
"docid": "D1345638#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_language_did_and_do_the_Mayans_speak\nWhat languages are spoken by the Mayans?",
"text": "Answer by Clausenfan Confidence votes 17.8KToday many different dialects of the Maya languages are spoken: Wastec, Chicomucultec, Yucatec, Lakantun, Itza', Mopan, Chontal, Ch'ol, Ch'orti', Ch'olti', Tzeltal, Tzotzil, Chuj, Tojolab'al, Q'anjob'al, Akatek, Jakaltek, Mocho', Mam, Tekiteko, Ixil, Awakatek, Uspantek, Kaqchikel, Tz'utujil, K'iche', Achi, Sakapultek, Sipakapense, Poqomchi, Poqomam and Q'eqchi'. These dialects have evolved gradually from Proto-Mayan; in the historic period of Classical Maya the languages were Huastec, Yucatec, Ch'olan, Q'anjob'al, Mamean, Quichean and Ixil. These are the languages used in Maya texts. There are more than 30 different Mayan lanaguages. Here is a partial list: Chontal Ch'ol Ch'orti'Ch'olti'Tzeltal Tzotzil Chicomuceltec Huastec Chuj Tojolab'al Jakaltek Q'anjob'al Akatek Mocho'Awakatek Ixil Mam Tektitek Q'eqchi Poqomam Poqomchi'Achi K'iche'Kaqchikel Tz'utujil Sakapultek Sipakapense Uspantek Itza'Mopan Lacandon Yucatec Maya Answer: Mayan Indians speak a form of the Mayan language. The Mayan language family has about 28 different dialects. Most Mayan Indians also speak some Spanish. A number also speak English. A large number have come to the United States as illegal immigrants. They periodically return to their homeland.17 people found this useful Was this answer useful?"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1571856#0",
"title": "http://www.ancientscripts.com/ws_origins.html\n.",
"text": "\"Mythological Origins Among many ancient societies, writing held a extremely special and important role. Often writing is so revered that myths and deities were drawn up to explain its divine origin. In ancient Egypt, for example, the invention of writing is attributed to the god Thoth ( Dhwty in Egyptian), who was not only the scribe and historian of the gods but also kept the calendar and invented art and science. In some Egyptian myths, Thoth is also portrayed as the creator of speech and possessing the power to transform speech into material objects. This ties in closely with the Egyptian belief that in order for a person to achieve immortality his or her name must be spoken or inscribed somewhere forever. In Mesopotamia, among the Sumerians the god Enlil was the creator of writing. Later during Assyrian, and Babylonian periods, the god Nabu was credited as the inventor of writing and scribe of the gods. And similar to Thoth, Mesopotamian scribal gods also exhibit the power of creation via divine speech. Among the Maya, the supreme deity Itzamna was a shaman and sorceror as well as the creator of the world. ( In fact, the root of his name, \"\"itz\"\", can be roughly translated as \"\"magical substance, usually secreted by some object, that sustains the gods\"\")."
},
{
"docid": "D2142524#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/history/did-mayans-invent-925fd71adefe5b31\nWhat Did the Mayans Invent?",
"text": "History Ancient History Q: What Did the Mayans Invent? A: Quick Answer The Mayan people invented complex and highly accurate calendars based off astronomical readings. They are also believed to have discovered the technique of vulcanization, a process that strengthens rubber by adding other materials. Continue Reading Keep Learning Did Mayans Really Think the World Would End in 2012? Who Were the Mayans? What Did the Mayans Eat? Credit: Astrophotography by Terry Hancock Used with permission Moment Getty Images Full Answer Through studying celestial bodies such as stars and planets, the Mayan people had the ability to predict solar eclipses and plan for proper harvesting and crop rotation techniques. They used a calendar that took two different cycles into account, involving a secular and sacred year. The sacred year was 260 days long, while the secular year was 365 days long. Days in the sacred calendar received a name and number, and days in the secular calendar received a number and month name."
},
{
"docid": "D1345635#0",
"title": "http://www.crystalinks.com/mayanlanguages.html\n.",
"text": "\"Mayan Languages Mayan language had many dialects - Qhuche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, and Mam - is still spoken by about 300,000 persons, of whom two-thirds are pure Maya, the remainder being whites and of mixed blood are still spoken today, although the majority of Indians also speak Spanish. The Mayan linguistic stock includes some twenty tribes, speaking closely related dialects, and (excepting the Huastec of northern Vera Cruz and south-east San Luis Potosi, Mexico) occupying contiguous territory in Tabasco, Chiapas, and the Yucatan peninsula, a large part of Guatemala, and smaller portion of Honduras and Salvador. The ancient builders of the ruined cities of Palenque and Copan were of the same stock. Mayan languages (alternatively: Maya languages) constitute a language family spoken in Mesoamerica from southeastern Mexico to northern Central America and as far south as Honduras. Their hypotheticized common ancestor, known as Proto-Mayan, existed at least 5000 years ago and has been partially reconstructed. Although Spanish is the official language across most present-day countries of the region, Mayan languages are still spoken as a primary or secondary language by more than 6 million indigenous Maya (over 4 million in Guatemala, approximately 2 million in Mexico, tens of thousands in Belize, and small numbers elsewhere). In 1996, Guatemala formally recognized twenty-one Mayan languages by name, and Mexico recognizes another eight not spoken in Guatemala. During the pre-Columbian era of Mesoamerican history, at least two regional variants of Mayan languages were reflected in the Maya hieroglyphic script. With inscriptions in the Maya script dating from the latter part of the 1st millennium BCE, this logosyllabic writing system remained in use as late as the 16th-century Spanish conquest. Its use was particularly widespread use in during the Classic period of Maya civilization (c. 250-900 CE)."
},
{
"docid": "D367013#0",
"title": "http://www.livescience.com/38647-mexican-culture.html\nMexican Culture: Customs & Traditions",
"text": "\"Live Science Culture Reference: Mexican Culture: Customs & Traditions By Kim Ann Zimmermann, Live Science Contributor | July 19, 2017 10:15pm ETMOREThe culture of Mexico has undergone a tremendous transformation over the past few decades and it varies widely throughout the country. The culture of Mexico has undergone a tremendous transformation over the past few decades and it varies widely throughout the country. Many Mexicans live in cities, but smaller rural communities still play a strong role in defining the country's collective vibrant community. Mexico is the 12th most populous country in the world, with over 123 million people in a July 2016 estimate, according to the Central Intelligence Agency's World Factbook. According to the CIA, Mexico consists of several ethnic groups. The mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) group accounts for 62 percent of the population. Amerindian people or predominantly Amerindian people account for 21 percent, while 10 percent of the population is white. These groups create a culture that is unique to Mexico. Here is a brief overview of Mexican culture. Languages of Mexico The overwhelming majority of Mexicans today speak Spanish."
},
{
"docid": "D1425430#0",
"title": "http://www.everythingcozumel.com/history/Yucatanname.pdf\nHow Yucatan got its Name",
"text": "11 Mar 2017How Yucatan got its Nameposted in: Mexican History, Miscellenea, Yucatan & Quintana Roo | 0There are several different stories about how Yucatan got its name and each one has its own share of websites and books claiming that it is the one, true version. Some are clearly apocryphal and are often repeated simply because they make a good story. Others have their credibility bolstered by the fact they were cited in the early historical accounts that were written shortly after the Spanish first came to Yucatan. A few have a ring of logic, but have no historical mention. Some are based on erroneous etymological origins, which sound good at first, but do not stand up to close scrutiny. One story of the origin of the name Yucatan is that the name is derived from the Nahuatl word “ Yokatlān ,” meaning “place of richness.” The two words are markedly similar, but since Nahuatl is an Aztec language and the first Spanish to land in Yucatan only encountered Maya, the chance the Maya used an Aztec term to describe their homeland is highly improbable. It would be like a Frenchman going into a Texan BBQ joint and asking a likely looking Texan (in French) “ what do you call this meat? ” and the Texan replying (in Japanese) “the best food there is. ” The real bullet that shoots this theory of Yokatlān = Yucatan is that there is no such word as Yokatlān in Nahuatl, according to the department of Nahua Language and Culture of the University of Zacatecas."
},
{
"docid": "D650590#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081119131916AAQJ5pJ\nDid the Aztecs and the Incas ever fight against each other? ?",
"text": "\"Social Science Anthropology Did the Aztecs and the Incas ever fight against each other? ? I know they were geographically separated by the Mayans. Did they fight the Mayans? Did the Mayans and the Incas fight? I'm really getting them all confused. Any help would be appreciated. My teacher wants answers, and I can't keep everything straight. UGH! Please help.2 following 7 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: The Aztecs and the preceding Toltec cultures may have fought with the later Mayan but the relationship was more one of trade and cultural interchange. They had no contact whatsoever with the Incas."
},
{
"docid": "D3007397#0",
"title": "http://www.sanpedroscoop.com/2012/01/why-you-should-visit-belize-in-january.html\nWhy YOU Should Visit Belize in January",
"text": "Why YOU Should Visit Belize in January Posted on January 15th, 2012 Category: When To Visit Tweet I haven’t done this update for December and January and well… it’s a bit late. But no time like the present, right? Let’s get started. Here is why visiting Belize in January is REALLY a good idea. THE WEATHER: The “rainy” season is coming to a quick end (and has been for a month or two) and it took most of its bugs with it. The weather is fantastic. Warm and sunny during the day, warm at night, you are going to be glad you visited in January. Can I guarantee that every day you visit is perfection? No. But odds are on my side, ALMOST every one of them will be. ("
},
{
"docid": "D2718416#0",
"title": "http://inneroptics.net/mayan_kingdom_book/decline/\n.",
"text": "Decline The causes for the Maya's decline are numerous, but one of the central causes is that the demands they placed upon their environment grew beyond the capacity of the land. At it's peak, there were about 15 million people occupying the Mayan world. Over-population of Mayan metropolises are suspected to have gone beyond levels that the Mayan political and social networks were able to support, resulting in social unrest and revolution. Frequent skirmishes by warring clans, such as the Toltec invasion of Chichen Itza, are suspected to have forced the Mayan populace to flee their cities. Recent studies have discovered evidence of severe droughts, deforestation, and a decline in large game animals that began around 800 A. D., coinciding with a sharp drop in new construction. Human bones found from this time show signs of severe malnutrition, which would have been a driving factor behind raids. While Maya civilization did go through a brief renaissance after this period, ongoing environmental constraints played a large role in their eventual decline. By the time the Spanish Conquistadors arrived, most of the large Mayan sites had been all but abandoned for hundreds of years. Most of their cities had fallen into ruin and were being overtaken by jungle. The Maya people had splintered into small villages and towns, losing the complex social strata and rituals that supported this great civilization at its apex."
},
{
"docid": "D1908857#0",
"title": "http://www.hope-of-israel.org/copan.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Hope of Israel Ministries (Ecclesia of YEHOVAH): From Canaan to Copan --The Incredible Origins of the Maya Indians!Modern scholars admit they have no satisfactory explanation for the origin of the Maya civilization. Faced with a complex socio-economic system that suddenly bloomed fully formed and fully functional, the experts begrudgingly say it is \"\"one of the most baffling archaeological mysteries ever uncovered\"\" and \"\"is still deeply shrouded in conjecture.\"\" Why should this be so? Why are modern ethnologists and archaeologists so confused? Because, in their hell-bent pursuit of the theory of evolution, they have discarded the wisdom of a people. They have discarded the traditions and legends that have been handed down over the centuries -- and thus loose the tools that would enable them to unravel the mystery of the Maya.by John D. Keyser Seen from the air, the tropical rain-forest of the Yucatan peninsula is like a brilliant green blanket stretching to the far horizon. The lush, ever-encroaching forest hides all traces of ancient Maya life -- except for an occasional artificial mountain or an abandoned pyramid that pokes through the tree tops. When early archaeologists slashed their way through the dense foliage to reach these almost forgotten reminders of a past civilization, they were met by silent figures that stared out from the walls of ancient cities. The languorous, humid air, the constant rainfall, the clinging vegetation and the exotic faces peering out at the explorers had a powerful -- almost hypnotic -- effect on even the most experienced archaeologist. John Lloyd Stephens, who had journeyed up the Nile, ventured to the rock-cut city of Petra and explored the Holy Land had never seen anything like this."
},
{
"docid": "D1997758#0",
"title": "http://www.alternativnahistorija.com/WM.htm\nMAYA",
"text": "The Magnificent Monte Alban Monte Alban, Oaxaca, Mexico The Puebla-Oaxaca highway, in a comfortable bus, four and a half hours’ journey. We are headed southeast toward the archeological jewels of Monte Alban and Mitla. How many different civilization have considered Mexico their homeland? and how many have disappeared forever leaving us without the chance of learning from their achievements and their failures? The route that we today are traveling was taken earlier by others. And not by just a single civilization. ******** From Oaxaca to Monte Alban is a mere eight miles. A local bus takes you there for $3. A tourist bus will charge you $30. I managed to find the local bus station to catch the bus (which didn’t look like much) and in half an hour we had climbed along the narrow winding road which led to an elevated flatland overlooking the valley."
},
{
"docid": "D2099969#0",
"title": "http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1992/tum-bio.html\nRigoberta Menchú Tum - Biographical",
"text": "\"The Nobel Peace Prize 1992 Rigoberta Menchú Tum Share this: Rigoberta Menchú Tum - Biographical Rigoberta Menchú was born on January 9, 1959 to a poor Indian peasant family and raised in the Quiche branch of the Mayan culture. In her early years she helped with the family farm work, either in the northern highlands where her family lived, or on the Pacific coast, where both adults and children went to pick coffee on the big plantations. Rigoberta Menchú soon became involved in social reform activities through the Catholic Church, and became prominent in the women's rights movement when still only a teenager. Such reform work aroused considerable opposition in influential circles, especially after a guerilla organization established itself in the area. The Menchú family was accused of taking part in guerrilla activities and Rigoberta's father, Vicente, was imprisoned and tortured for allegedly having participated in the execution of a local plantation owner. After his release, he joined the recently founded Committee of the Peasant Union (CUC). In 1979, Rigoberta, too, joined the CUC. That year her brother was arrested, tortured and killed by the army. The following year, her father was killed when security forces in the capital stormed the Spanish Embassy where he and some other peasants were staying. Shortly afterwards, her mother also died after having been arrested, tortured and raped."
},
{
"docid": "D1727415#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/history/were-mayan-tools-weapons-8ac4f68eded69776\nWhat Were Some Mayan Tools and Weapons?",
"text": "History Ancient History Ancient America Q: What Were Some Mayan Tools and Weapons? A: Quick Answer The Mayan people used weapons and tools made of sharpened stone and wood, such as farming equipment, hand chisels and bladed weapons. They did not typically use metal tools or weapons. Continue Reading Keep Learning What Types of Weapons Were Used in Mayan Warfare? What Are Some Interesting Facts About the Mayan Temples? What Was the Structure of the Mayan Government? Credit: DEA / G. DAGLI ORTI De Agostini Picture Library Getty Images Full Answer The Mayan people created tools that could be easily used by hand for a wide variety of tasks, such as stone cutting, woodworking, farming and sculpting. They were typically simple in design, with minimal decoration and curved blades fastened to wooden or bone handles. Farming tools were crafted to reduce any unnecessary amount of work and to improve crop quality through techniques such as slash-and-burn agriculture. The Mayans also dug ditches for irrigation with stone and wood tools."
},
{
"docid": "D2466154#0",
"title": "http://brittanys-group.tripod.com/guatemalas36yearcivilwarcauses/\n.",
"text": "\"The Guatemalan Civil War started in 1960 and left the Guatemalan people suffering more than 36 years from this tragic conflict. People had many different views as to why this war was going on, and who was at fault for starting it. Some people believe the Civil War was fought because of Eisenhower's cabinet, others believe it was the Mayan people, or could it have been the Ladino plantation owner, or maybe it was the United Fruit company. Although there are many different views of what caused it and how it came about each of these things played a part in the war. The War did not just come from one thing it started out with one of these which led anger to the next and so on until there was no turning back and the only way for things to be fixed was supposedly for the civil war to happen, even at the expense of the Guatemalan families. Working for the United Fruit Company had its good and bad for the Guatemalan people and basically caused civil war in Guatemala. As a Mayan race which dominated the land, they were not an educated race, but a simple race of Indians that just wanted to farm their land and live in peace. The Spanish wanted them to go their school and speak their language but the Mayans wanted no part. A US multinational company came and settled there became attached to land owners and basically took the land away from then Mayans and forced them into labor camps and unjust working conditions. As stated Not only did the company enjoy enormous privileges in that region, but also counted on authoritarian governments in dealing with labor unrest."
},
{
"docid": "D3560779#0",
"title": "https://churchofthecosmos.wordpress.com/2010/12/14/yuga/\nThe Four Yugas or Epochs: The Hindu Concept of 4 Yugas",
"text": "\"The Four Yugas or Epochs: The Hindu Concept of 4 Yugas14122010By Subhamoy Das According to Hindu scriptures, all mortal beings are destined to pass through four great epochs in every cycle of creation and destruction. This divine cycle turns full-circle at the end of what is known as kalpa. A kalpa is a yuga cycle, which is a period of 10,000 divine years, and is divided into four ages or yugas (Sanskrit yuga = age/epoch). According to one calculation, one yuga cycle is estimated to be 4,320,000 years, and one kalpa 4,320,000,000 years. About the 4 Yugas [4 Ages]The four great epochs in Hinduism are: Satya Yuga, Treta Yuga, Dwapar Yuga and Kali Yuga. Satya Yug or the Age of Truth is said to last for four thousand divine years, Treta Yuga for three thousand, Dwapara Yug for two thousand and Kali Yuga will last for one thousand divine Years that equals to 432,000 earthly years. It is also believed that three of these great ages have already passed away, and we are now living in the fourth one. What these ages exactly mean, and why this division, it’s hard to explain, because they appear too unrealistic to be true for the rational mind. The Hindu View of Time Most of us are accustomed to living life according to linear beliefs and patterns of existence. We believe everything has a beginning, middle and an end."
},
{
"docid": "D1613680#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_official_language_spoken_in_Jordan\nWhat languages are spoken in Jordan?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Literature & Language Languages and Cultures Arabic Language and Culture What languages are spoken in Jordan? Flag What languages are spoken in Jordan? Expert answer by Adam Reisman Confidence votes 37.2Klinguist and full-time dad The official language of Jordan is Modern Standard Arabic, but most people speak a Jordanian dialect of Arabic. Here is a list of the languages spoken in Jordan: Adyghe Arabic, Jordanian Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic, Najdi Arabic, Northwest Arabian Chechen Domari Levantine Arabic Sign Language English has no legal status, but is widely spoken throughout the country and is the de facto language of commerce and banking, as well as a co-official status in the education sector; almost all university-level classes are held in English and almost all public schools teach English along with Standard Arabic. French and German are popular foreign languages in Jordan. Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No What are spoken languages? Languages that are spoken Adam Reismanlinguist and full-time dad What is the least spoken language and what is the most spoken language? The language with the most native speakers is Mandarin. The language that is most widely spoken in the world is English."
},
{
"docid": "D1565340#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/world-view/language-did-mayans-speak-5e9a93284220f001\nWhat Language Did the Mayans Speak?",
"text": "World View Social Sciences Anthropology Q: What Language Did the Mayans Speak? A: Quick Answer The Mayan language family is composed of Mesoamerican Indian languages derived from the ancestral language Proto-Mayan, which was spoken thousands of years ago by inhabitants of the Mayan empire. The empire thrived for hundreds of years from 1,500 B. C., but it collapsed during the period from 800 to 900 A. D. Continue Reading Keep Learning What Is the Nephilim Giant Skeleton? What Are Some Examples of Cultural Barriers? What Are the Major Agents of Socialization? Credit: Steve Sutherland CC-BY 2.0Full Answer In 2014, the most important Eastern Maya languages are Quiché and Cakchiquel. The largest Western Maya language is Tzeltal, and it is spoken in Chiapas, Mexico. The Yucatec languages, Yucatec, Lacandón, Itzá and Mopán, are also classified as Western Maya languages, with Yucatec being the most important, spoken in Yucatán, Mexico, northern Guatemala and Belize. Learn more about Anthropology Sources: britannica.com aboutworldlanguages.com Related Questions Q: Why Do Some Men Stay Single? A: Despite the pressure that often comes from society and family members, some men make the conscious choice to stay single for various reasons."
},
{
"docid": "D1565339#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-status-of-the-Mayan-language-in-Mexico\nWhat is the status of the Mayan language in Mexico?",
"text": "Luis Fernando Mata Licón, Being Northern Mexican since I was born. Answered Oct 20, 2016 · Author has 347 answers and 1.1m answer views According to the INEGI (the Mexican institution in charge of social and geographical statistics), by 2015 they were 859,607 fluent Mayan speakers in Mexico making it the second most popular native language just after the Nahuatl (the Aztec language), but as any other language the Mayan has some dialects and the number increases to 2,190,608 of people who speak a language considered part of the Mayan family. But all this dialects and languages are not always 100% inteligible between them. The Mayan family languages are very popular in the Yucatan Peninsula and the border with Central America, mainly in the states of Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Campeche, Yucatan and Tabasco. For those who are not very aware of Mexican Geography, we’re speaking of the southernmost part of Mexico, right in the border between Guatemala and Mexico. In the Yucatan Peninsula has a very heavy influence, even the list of the 10 most common last names on those states have at least two in Mayan, something that you can’t see in any other state where the most common last names are in Spanish. The INALI (Mexican institute in charge of Native American languages) has a lot of programs to preserve the written and spoken Mayan Language, and just recently they started a program to make a standard Sign Mayan Language. Mayan is considered an official language in Mexico, together with other 67 Native Languages and Spanish. But 96% of the population speaks Spanish fluently so this is de facto language, and less than 8% can speak a Native American language. The language is just popular in rural areas."
},
{
"docid": "D2251416#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_were_the_mayans_around\nWhen were the Mayans around?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of Central America Mayans When were the Mayans around? Flag When were the Mayans around? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. There is proof found of when the Mayans were around, according to the evidence found the Mayans inhabited Mexico around 5000-1500 BC .6 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No When was the Mayan civilization around? The Mayan civilization was around from 1800 BC. to 1697 BC. Midnightsun497 4 Contributions Around what time did the Mayans disappear? ( latest answer) Ok, for all you idiots who don't know what you're talking about (aka Mira), the original Mayans DID disappear. There is much controversy as to why that is and …How did the mayans build their temple around a moat?"
},
{
"docid": "D2775648#0",
"title": "http://www.indians.org/articles/mayan-indians.html\nMayan Indians",
"text": "Mayan Indians Mayan Indians are the people that inhabit the regions of southern Mexico and northern Central America. Although many people think of the Mayans as an ancient civilization, there are currently about six million Mayan Indians still living in this area. Many live moderns lives, but some still lead a more distinctly Mayan lifestyle including speaking one of the Mayan languages as their primary language. The Mayan Indians are part of a well-known civilization that dates back to 1000 BC. Archaeologists believe it was during the mid-Preclassic period, around 600 BC, when some of the earliest known Maya complexes were constructed. The Mayans were also known for their writings and calendar. The Mayan calendar tracked phenomena like the solar year, the lunar year and the synodic period of Venus. Their calendar may have been a product of their religion as their rituals and ceremonies were both associate with celestial cycles. It was the shaman of the tribe that interpreted the cycles and sacrifices would be performed if he said bad times were coming. Between 200 and 900 AD, the Mayan Indians were making some of the most beautiful art in the world."
},
{
"docid": "D2142145#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_Mayans_hunt\nWhat were the Mayans issues on hunting?",
"text": "What were the Mayans issues on hunting?well your mama Did Mayans hunt animals? Yes, usually various animals. Did the mayans hunt animals? Yestheydid What did the Mayans hunt?the Mayan hunted monkeys and birds What animals did the Mayans hunt?they hunted deers rabbits monkeys and more Maya's hunted rabbits, birds, monkeys and deer. What did the Mayans hunt with? The Mayans hunted with shitguns and homemaid bazukas Ashleytacker 52 Contributions How did the Mayan hunt animals?with spears and sharp objects What animals did Mayans hunt? Mayan people hunt animals like the peccarie a pig-like animal they also hunted the jaguar and other various animals!Ella Ristvedt 14 Contributions Did the Mayans hunt?yes they did i fact they hunted deer, turkey,dog,wild pigs,and a rodent called agouti, and fished How did the Mayans hunt? The Mayans hunted by shooting the enemy with a bow or stabbing them with a spear Penelope37 335 Contributions Did the Mayans use the animals that they hunted for anything?yes ILove my dogg 4 Contributions What did the Mayan hunt for?what exactly do you mean? hunt for as in food, or it could mean i variety of things. i would be happy to answer though, if it were more specific"
}
] |
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what did the mayans make
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[
{
"docid": "D1377200#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/history/did-mayans-make-shelter-85d664eb4560e8ae\nHow Did the Mayans Make Their Shelter?",
"text": "History Ancient History Ancient America Q: How Did the Mayans Make Their Shelter? A: Quick Answer The Mayans made their shelter using stone or wood with thatched roofs with no windows or chimneys. The huts did not have wooden doors. Instead, they hung cloth screens on the doorways. Continue Reading Keep Learning What Were the Physical Features of the Mayans? What Did the Mayans Do for Entertainment? Where Did the Mayans Live? Credit: Glow Images Getty Images Full Answer Limestone was the most common stone used in building the huts and was plentiful in most of the Mayan settlements. They also used mortar during construction, and they made it by burning limestone. Their house had a rectangular roof and one door that faced east."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1910384#0",
"title": "http://architecture.about.com/od/theancientworld/tp/Mayan-Architecture.htm\nMayan Architecture",
"text": "\"Arts, Music, and Recreation ›Visual Arts Mayan Architecture Buildings by the Mexican Maya, Past and Present Share Flipboard Email Printby Jackie Craven Updated November 26, 2017Descendants of the Maya still live and work near where their ancestors built great cities on Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula. Working with earth, stone, and straw, early Mayan builders designed structures that shared striking similarities with architecture in Egypt, Africa, and Medieval Europe. Many of the same building traditions can be found in the simple, practical dwellings of modern-day Mayans. Let's look at some of the universal elements found in homes, monuments, and temples of the Mexican Maya, past and present. What type of houses do the Maya live in today? Mayan stone hut with thatched roof. Photo ©2009 Jackie Craven Some Maya live in houses today that were built from the same mud and limestone used by their ancestors. From roughly 500 BC to 1200 AD Mayan civilization flourished throughout Mexico and Central America. In the 1800s, explorers John Lloyd Stephens and Frederick Catherwood wrote about and illustrated the ancient Maya Architecture they saw. The great stone structures survived."
},
{
"docid": "D688494#0",
"title": "http://jacksbromeliads.com/mayancivilizationii.htm\nCollecting Bromeliads and Orchids in Florida",
"text": "\"Mayan Mythological Gods and the Mayan Calendar The Ancient Maya had a complex pantheon of deities whom they worshiped and offered human sacrifices. Rulers were believed to be descendants of the Mayan Gods and their blood was the ideal sacrifice, either through personal bloodletting, or the sacrifice of captives of Royal Blood. The Maya vision of the universe is divided into multiple levels, above and below the earth, positioned within the four directions of north, south, east and west. After death, the soul was believed to go to the underworld, Xibalba a place of fright where sinister gods tested and tricked their unfortunate visitors. As with all myths about Mayan Gods and the Goddess, Mayan myths discuss connections with being from other realms who came to Earth to seed the planet. Many people see the story of the Popol Vuh as the story of extraterrestrial Gods who came down and made man in his own image. When they first made man, he was so perfect, living as long as they did, he could see far and wide, clairvoyant and was as perceptive as they were. They realized that they had made a competor who was as wise as the Gods themselves, so they destroyed him and started over creating present day man. Modern man lives shorter lifetimes, is not as smart and is here to act as the servant race to the Gods. Within their culture they have legends of visiting gods from outter space."
},
{
"docid": "D1415894#0",
"title": "https://www.thoughtco.com/politics-of-the-ancient-maya-2136171\nPolitics of the Ancient Maya",
"text": "\"Humanities ›History & Culture Politics of the Ancient Maya Mayan City-State Structure and Kings Share Flipboard Email Print A Maya Warrior.by Christopher Minster Updated March 30, 2017The Mayan civilization flourished in the rainy forests of southern Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize, reaching their apex around 700-900 A. D. before falling into a swift and somewhat mysterious decline. The Maya were expert astronomers and traders: they were also literate with a complicated language and their own books. Like other civilizations, the Maya had rulers and a ruling class, and their political structure was complex. Their kings were powerful and claimed to be descended from the Gods and the planets. The Mayan City-States The Mayan civilization was large, powerful and culturally complex: it is often compared to the Incas of Peru and the Aztecs of Central Mexico. Unlike these other empires, however, the Maya never unified. Instead of a mighty empire ruled from one city by one set of rulers, the Maya instead had a series of city-states which only ruled the surrounding area, or some nearby vassal states if they were powerful enough. Tikal, one of the most powerful Mayan city-states, never ruled much farther than its immediate borders, although it did have vassal cities such as Dos Pilas and Copán. Each of these city-states had its own ruler. Development of Mayan Politics and Kingship The Mayan culture began around 1800 B. C. in the lowlands of the Yucatan and southern Mexico."
},
{
"docid": "D1305910#0",
"title": "http://pages.intnet.mu/cueboy/discovery/maya/mayadiscoveries.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Home Discovery Maya civilisation Latest discoveries Latest Mayan discoveries2008 Aug 22 2008 Feb 29 2008 Feb 26 2008 Feb 07 2007 Dec 04 2007 Dec 04 2007 Nov 15 2007 Mar 05 2006 May 04 2006 Jan 05 2005 Dec 15 2005 Dec 08 2005 Dec 06 2005 Nov 17 2004 May 05 2004 Apr 23 2003 May 19 2003 Mar 13 2002 Oct 10 2002 Sep 19 2002 May 22 2002 May 18 2002 Mar 22 2001 May 29 2001 May 26 2001 Jan 25 2000 Nov 13 2000 Sep 26 2000 Sep 09 1999 Jul 08 1999 Jan 07 1993 Apr 03 Portal to Maya underworld found in Mexico? Maya may have caused civilization-ending climate change Mysteries of \"\"Sacrificial\"\" Maya blue pigment solved? Ancient Maya used \"\"glitter\"\" paint to make temple gleam Ancient Maya marketplace found Rare Maya \"\"Death Vase\"\" discovered Maya rituals caused ancient decline in big game World's longest underground river discovered in Mexico, divers say Ancient Maya Royal tomb discovered in Guatemala Earliest Mayan writing found in pyramid Oldest Maya mural wows archaeologists The earliest known Maya stone carving bearing the portrait of a woman Early Mayan women were a powerful forc e Mass graves reveal massacre of Maya royalty Masks, other finds suggest early Maya flourished Archaeologists Uncover Maya \"\"Masterpiece\"\" in Guatemal a Ancient Nicaraguan society found Intense droughts blamed for Mayan collapse Stone tablet with hieroglyphs Mayan texts reveal superpower wars Jade 'mother lode' found in remote Guatemalan region Openings to the Underworld Oldest intact Maya mural found in Guatemala Remains of Mayan ruler discovered in Honduras Mayan city is older than believed Inside the city of the black tiger Mayan mansion Scientists 'find lost Mayan king'Lost Mayan palace found in Guatemala Hurricane work uncovers ancient site Scientists puzzle over ancient ruins in Miami Astronomical clues crack Mayan calendar's code Portal to Maya underworld found in Mexico? ( National Geographic News - August 22, 2008)A labyrinth filled with stone temples and pyramids in 14 caves�some underwater�have been uncovered on Mexico's Yucat�n Peninsula, archaeologists announced last week. The discovery has experts wondering whether Maya legend inspired the construction of the underground complex�or vice versa. According to Maya myth, the souls of the dead had to follow a dog with night vision on a horrific and watery path and endure myriad challenges before they could rest in the afterlife. In one of the recently found caves, researchers discovered a nearly 300-foot (90-meter) concrete road that ends at a column standing in front of a body of water. \"\" We have this pattern now of finding temples close to the water�or under the water, in this most recent case,\"\" said Guillermo de Anda, lead investigator at the research sites. \"\" These were probably made as part of a very elaborate ritual,\"\" de Anda said. \"\" Everything is related to death, life, and human sacrifice.\"\""
},
{
"docid": "D2255427#0",
"title": "http://classroom.synonym.com/chocolate-ancient-mayan-aztec-societies-6434.html\nChocolate in Ancient Mayan & Aztec Societies",
"text": "Home » Classroom Chocolate in Ancient Mayan & Aztec Societies By Kimberly Dyke According to tradition, the Aztec god of agriculture brought the cacao plant down from paradise. Europeans first discovered chocolate in 1519 when the explorer Cortes and his men drank “chocolatl” with the Aztec emperor, Moctezuma. The ancient Mayan and Aztec cultures, however, cultivated and traded cacao for many centuries before the Europeans even considered sailing away from their coastline. Though the Mayan culture was declining as the explorers reached the continent, history reveals that the cacao was an important part of their culture as much as the Aztec civilization that the Europeans experienced first-hand. Growing Cacao The lowland-dwelling Mayan Indians thrived during the years 200 BC to AD 1550, and cultivated cacao in private house gardens and large plantations from the Pacific coastline to the Gulf coast. Unlike the Mayans, the Aztecs lived in the highlands and had to reach out to the coastal areas to plant and grow cacao for its rulers and warriors. The plantations reached as far south as modern-day Honduras and El Salvador. The Mayan god, Ykchaua, served as the patron of cocoa merchants and the Aztec god of agriculture, Questzalcoatl, brought the cocoa tree to earth from paradise. Chocolate Currency The ancient Aztec and Maya cultures used cacao as currency. The plant’s seeds that grew so readily in the lowlands were extremely valuable in the drier climates."
},
{
"docid": "D2471562#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_was_the_Mayan_civilization_located\nWhere were the Mayan civilizations located?",
"text": "\"USCitizen 477,196 Contributions Where were the Mayan civilizations located? Answer . In Central South America. The Assistrat 5,669 Contributions Where in South America was the Mayan civilization located? It wasn't located in South America at all. The Maya culture was Mesoamerican (in Central America): from eastern and southern Mexico, through Guatemala, Belize and El Salvad …Everac99 75,402 Contributions What is the present country that was the location of Mayan civilization? Mexico, Belize, Guatemala and Honduras. What is the Mayans civilization? The Maya is a Mesoamerican civilization, noted for the only known fully developed written language of the pre-Columbian Americas, as well as for its art, architecture, and m …Present country that was location of Mayan civilization? Mexico What are the Mayan custom of the Mayan civilization?"
},
{
"docid": "D3130140#0",
"title": "https://explorable.com/mayan-astronomy\nAncient Mayan Astronomy",
"text": "\"Home > Foundations > History > Ancient Mayan Astronomy Martyn Shuttleworth 87.1K reads Very few ancient astronomers capture the imagination in quite the same way as the Mayans, perhaps because of the conspiracy theories surrounding the alleged end of the world in 2012, as predicted by their calendar. Their incredibly accurate astronomical calculations and sophisticated mathematics were steeped in religion and omens, their priests discerning the very will of the gods behind the occurrences of natural phenomena. Perhaps more than even the Egyptian or Indian astronomers, the observations of the Mayan priest-astronomers were wholly dedicated to astrology and this pervaded every single aspect of everyday life. This has created the New Age boom in Mayan books and paraphernalia, where their calendar and numerology is bolted on to Eastern philosophy and Greek wisdom. Map mof Mayan Empire (Creative Commons)Of course, we tend to look at all astrology as bunkum, designed to make people part with their hard-earned cash. However, to ancient peoples, it was an integral part of life, predicting the endless cycles of nature, life, death, and rebirth that were essential to agricultural and nomadic peoples. It is not surprising that the Mayans observed the stars to chart the seasons, in common with most of the world's great cultures, and they developed a calendar of their own, trying to generate ever more accurate measurements and times. Mayan astronomy was certainly steeped in esoterica and ceremony, but this cannot hide the high degree of accuracy of their observations and the mathematical sophistication needed to devise their complex system of calendars running concurrently. The Beginnings of the Mayan Civilization The Mayan civilization began at about 500 BCE, their civilization succeeding the Olmec Empire. Gradually, their influences spread to cover much of Central America, including what are now Mexico, Guatemala, Belize and Honduras."
},
{
"docid": "D2209361#0",
"title": "http://bafsudralam.blogspot.com/2009/01/olmec-did-not-speak-mixe-zoque.html\nThe Olmec did not speak Mixe-Zoque",
"text": "\"The Olmec did not speak Mixe-Zoque Some researchers assume that since Mixe-Zoquan is spoken in the Olmec heartland today, this language was spoken by the ancient inhabitants of Olman: the Olmecs, in ancient times. But the location of Mixe-Zoquan speakers in this region today does not mean it was spoken in the region in the past. Today it is spoken in the Tuxtla Mountains. The Otomanguean family include Zapotec, Mixtec and Otomi to name a few. The hypothesis that the Olmec spoke an Otomanguean language is not supported by the contemporary spatial distribution of the languages spoken in the Tabasco/Veracruz area. Thomas Lee in R. J. Sharer and D. C. Grove (Eds. ), Regional Perspectives on the Olmecs , New York: Cambridge University Press (1989, 223) noted that \"\"...closely Mixe, Zoque and Popoluca languages are spoken in numerous villages in a mixed manner having little or no apparent semblance of linguistic or spatial unity. The general assumption made by the few investigators who have considered the situation, is that the modern linguistic pattern is a result of the disruption of an Old homogeneous language group by more powerful neighbors or invaders....\"\" If this linguistic evidence is correct, many of the languages in the Otomanguean family are spoken by people who may have only recently settled in the Olmec heartland, and may not reflect the people that invented the culture we call Olmecs today. Moreover if the Olmec had spoken a Mixe-Zoquean language and gave the Maya writing they should have influenced the Mayan language. This is not the case."
},
{
"docid": "D2583766#0",
"title": "http://webecoist.momtastic.com/2012/12/21/10-fascinating-facts-about-ancient-mayan-civilization/\n10 Fascinating Facts About Ancient Mayan Civilization",
"text": "Surprise! The world didn’t end today just because the Mayan calendar ended. The Ancient Maya may be best-known in modern times for their supposed prediction of the apocalypse, but in fact, they were a surprisingly advanced culture of millions, inhabiting Middle America (the region between Mexico and South America) for thousands of years. Here are 10 fascinating facts about Mayan civilization. Invention of the Calendar/ (image vía: carlos van vegas)The Mayan calendar isn’t just noteworthy for its spurious connection to doomsday theories. It was the first known incidence of humans attempting to keep a historical record, and counts the days since a mythological starting point. Mayan calendars were carved into stone monuments, and covered periods ranging from 13 days to the ‘Long Count’ calendar that expired on December 21st, 2012. These complex calendars showed off the Mayan’s impressive grasp of mathematics and astronomy. Writing and Codexes (image via: wikimedia commons)The Mayans developed a complex script that has now been almost completely deciphered. Mayan writing consists of glyphs in both syllabic (writing things out phonetically) and logogram (full words) form."
},
{
"docid": "D2734897#0",
"title": "https://sites.google.com/a/blisankara.org/mayans-food/\nMayans food",
"text": "\"Mayans food Index Materials for cooking What do Mayans eat Differences between Incan and Mayan food Mayan farming Most popular food Introduction Mayans love food! Don’t ever think Mayans are skinny because they don’t eat. That’s wrong! They farm,they have millions of food to eat and they even cook with crazy stuff. You’ll learn mysterious foods of Mayans. Materials for cooking Think about what materials you use to cook with. Mayans used those to but they also used crazy stuff. Mayans used many materials for cooking. One of the materials they used was large clay balls. They also used numerous kinds of spices and good quality salt because they liked salted and spicy food."
},
{
"docid": "D1802618#0",
"title": "http://www.history.com/topics/mayan-scientific-achievements\nMayan Scientific Achievements",
"text": "The Ancient Maya Mayan civilization lasted for more than 2,000 years, but the period from about 300 A. D. to 900 A. D., known as the Classic Period, was its heyday. During that time, the Maya developed a complex understanding of astronomy. They also figured out how to grow corn, beans, squash and cassava in sometimes-inhospitable places; how to build elaborate cities without modern machinery; how to communicate with one another using one of the world’s first written languages; and how to measure time using not one but two complicated calendar systems. Did You Know? The written language of the Maya was made up of about 800 glyphs, or symbols. Each one represented a word or a syllable, and could be combined with the others in an almost infinite number of ways. As a result, there were three or four different ways to write almost every word in the Mayan language. Mayan Astronomy and Calendar-Making The Maya strongly believed in the influence of the cosmos on daily life. Consequently, Mayan knowledge and understanding of celestial bodies was advanced for their time: For example, they knew how to predict solar eclipses. They also used astrological cycles to aid in planting and harvesting and developed two calendars that are as precise as those we use today."
},
{
"docid": "D1468340#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay_Morrow\nClay Morrow",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Not to be confused with animator Clayton Morrow. Clay Morrow First appearance \"\" Pilot \"\" (episode 1.01)Last appearance \"\"Aon Rud Persanta\"\" (episode 6.11)Created by Kurt Sutter Portrayed by Ron Perlman Information Nickname (s) Clay Occupation outlaw motorcyclistgun runner co-owner of Teller-Morrow Automotive Repair (1972-2013)Title soldier (1967-1972) Vice President (1991-1993) President (1993-season 4)Spouse (s) Gemma Teller Morrow (1993- 2013, dissolved)Children Jax Teller (stepson, deceased)Relatives Tara Knowles (stepdaughter-in-law, deceased) Abel Teller (step-grandson) Thomas Teller (step-grandson)Clarence \"\"Clay\"\" Morrow was a fictional character in the FX television series Sons of Anarchy. He is played by Ron Perlman. He is the former International President of the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, but is also something of a vigilante as he does everything in his power to ensure that drug dealers and rapists stay out of his town. However, during the fourth season, Clay involves the club with a number of drug dealings with the cartel for his own protection and greed, wavering in his allegiance, and gradually reveals himself to be one of the story's antagonists. He is 6' 2\"\" and has a number of tattoos, most notably a Grim Reaper on his upper right arm and a Paratrooper tattoo on his upper left, along with the words \"\"Death From Above\"\" indicating that he served as a paratrooper in a military unit. He also wears a golden pin of the same symbol on his kutte. This symbol is often confused with the US Army Parachutist badge. The Paratrooper symbol that Clay wears is an unofficial symbol, and would serve to indicate service, particularly combat service, as a paratrooper, and consists of a skull, with wings coming from the bottom of the skull, and curving up to meet the top of the skull. Given that his and Gemma Teller's machinations are the driving source of conflict throughout the story, it can be argued that both he and Gemma are the series' main antagonists. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2256883#0",
"title": "https://www.universetoday.com/29083/constraining-the-orbits-of-planet-x-and-nemesis/\nConstraining the Orbits of Planet X and Nemesis",
"text": "Artists impression of the hypothetical star, Nemesis (Wikipedia)2012, Astronomy Constraining the Orbits of Planet X and Nemesis Article written: 15 Apr , 2009 Updated: 24 Dec , 2015 by Ian O'Neill [/caption]If Planet X was out there, where would it be? This question posed by an Italian researcher turns out to be a lot more involved than you’d think. As opposed to all the 2012 idiocy hype flying around on the internet, this research is actually based on a little thing called science. By analysing the orbital precession of all the inner-Solar System planets, the researcher has been able to constrain the minimum distance a hypothetical object, from the mass of Mars to the mass of the Sun, could be located in the Solar System. As most of the astronomical community already knows, the two purveyors of doom (Planet X and the Sun’s evil twin, Nemesis) exist only in the over-active imaginations of a few misinformed individuals, not in reality… Planet X and Nemesis are hypothetical objects with more grounding in ancient prophecy and doomsday theories based on pseudo-science. This might be the case, but Planet X came from far more rational beginnings. The name “Planet X” was actually coined by Percival Lowell at the start of the 20th century when he predicted there might be a massive planet beyond the orbit of Neptune. Then, in 1930, Clyde Tombaugh appeared to confirm Lowell’s theory; a planet had been discovered and it was promptly named Pluto. However, as time went on, it slowly became apparent that Pluto wasn’t massive enough to explain the original observations of the perturbations of Uranus’ orbit (the reason for Lowell’s Planet X prediction in the first place). By the 1970’s and 80’s modern observation techniques proved that the original perturbations in Uranus’ orbit were measurement error and not being caused by a massive planetary body."
},
{
"docid": "D2559694#0",
"title": "https://www.elephantjournal.com/2011/10/understanding-the-mayan-calendar/\nUnderstanding The Mayan Calendar",
"text": "\"Understanding The Mayan Calendar Via Yesica Pineda on October 14, 20110 Heart it!Do you love this article? Show the author your support by hearting.23.4kget elephant's newsletter The ancient Mayan Pyramid of Kukulkan at Chichén Itzá, Yucatan, Mexico constructed circa 1050 was built during the late Mayan period, The pyramid was used as a calendar: four stairways, each with 91 steps and a platform at the top, making a total of 365, equivalent to the number of days in a calendar year. The Maya calendar was adopted by the other Mesoamerican nations, such as the Aztecs and the Toltec, which adopted the mechanics of the calendar unaltered but changed the names of the days of the week and the months. The Maya calendar uses three different dating systems in parallel, the Long Count, the Tzolkin (divine calendar), and the Haab (civil calendar). Of these, only the Haab has a direct relationship to the length of the year. A typical Mayan date looks like this: 12.18.16.2.6, 3 Cimi 4 Zotz.12.18.16.2.6 is the Long Count date.3 Cimi is the Tzolkin date.4 Zotz is the Haab date. The tzolkin is a cycle of 260 days and the haab is a cycle of 365 days. The tzolkin cycle and the haab cycle were combined to produce a cycle of 18,980 days, known as the calendar round. 18,980 days is a little less than 52 solar years. The “Calendar Round” is like two gears that inter-mesh, one smaller than the other."
},
{
"docid": "D2308164#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_were_the_Maya_achievements\nWhat were the Maya achievements?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of Central America Mayans What were the Maya achievements? Flag What were the Maya achievements? Answer by Philopater Emad Confidence votes 277The Maya built a lot of pyramids and tall temples. They even knew how to make rubber in the 1500's! The Mayans were skilled road builders. They were able to create one of the most advanced road systems of their time. Mayans were also one of the first civilizations to develop a writing system called codex. They used their codex to record information in books made from the bark of fig trees. They developed a mathematical system based on the number 20. They were among the first people to use the number zero."
},
{
"docid": "D1467224#0",
"title": "http://knowledgenuts.com/2013/10/22/the-difference-between-the-aztec-maya-inca-and-olmec/\nThe Difference Between The Aztec, Maya, Inca, And Olmec",
"text": "\"The Difference Between The Aztec, Maya, Inca, And Olmecby M. Admin | Oct 22, 2013Share +1 Tweet Stumble Pin Share3K“It will happen — a seeing [. . .] It is the display of B’olon-Yokte’ in a great investiture.” — Mayan prophetic inscription, Monument 6In A Nutshell The Olmec, Mayan, Incan, and Aztec civilizations are some of the greatest ancient civilizations in history, and yet we know very little about them compared to other parts of the world. The Olmecs are frequently forgotten entirely, and the rest are often lumped together or confused, but they were all completely distinct. In short, the Maya came first, and settled in modern-day Mexico. Next came the Olmecs, who also settled Mexico. They didn’t build any major cities, but they were widespread and prosperous. They were followed by the Inca in modern-day Peru, and finally the Aztecs, also in modern-day Mexico. The Whole Bushel The Maya were the first Mesoamerican civilization, starting around 2600 B. C. They lasted the longest of all and are often viewed as the greatest Mesoamerican civilization. They built most of their great cities between A. D. 250 and A. D. 900."
},
{
"docid": "D1769732#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/history/did-mayans-live-f857c7bb26a7294c\nWhere Did the Mayans Live?",
"text": "History Ancient History Ancient America Q: Where Did the Mayans Live? A: Quick Answer The Mayans lived in the Yucatan, which is now Mexico. Evidence exists indicating that they also lived in Guatemala, El Salvador, western Honduras and Belize. Mayans existed between the years of 2600 B. C. and 1800 B. C. However, the Mayan empire was in full force between 250 A. D. and 900 A. D. Continue Reading Keep Learning Who Were the Mayans? What Were the Physical Features of the Mayans? What Were the Mayans Famous For? Credit: Dennis Jarvis CC-BY-SA 2.0Full Answer The Mayans based their civilization around the cities they called Tikal, Shunchucmil, Palenque, Bonampak and Copan. In time, the Mayans entered into trade with other countries as well as nearby cities. During the Mayan empire, construction of buildings took off. There are theories on what became of the Mayans, but no concrete facts exist to explain what brought about the demise of the culture."
},
{
"docid": "D650586#0",
"title": "http://san.beck.org/11-1-Mayans%2CAztecs%2CIncas.html\nMayans, Toltecs, Aztecs, and Incas",
"text": "\"BECK index Mayans, Toltecs, Aztecs, and Incasby Sanderson Beck Mayans Toltecs and Anasazi Aztecs to 1519Incas to 1532This chapter has been published in the book America to 1744. For ordering information please click here. Introduction Ethics Prehistoric Cultures Humans may have lived in the western hemisphere more than fifty thousand years ago as indicated by legends of ancient Lemuria or Mu and Atlantis. A land bridge from Asia to North America was apparently used by migrating hunters between 40,000 and 8,000 BC. The oldest physical evidence by radiocarbon dating is from southern Chile about 33,000 years ago, though some archaeologists dispute this is human evidence. Generally accepted radiocarbon dating goes back about 19,000 years. Paleo-Indian hunting peoples pursued large game between 30,000 and 8,000 BC. Stone artifacts have been found from about 15,000 years ago. Stone spear points indicate that the Clovis people in the New Mexico area were hunting mammoths about 11,000 BC. About 9,000 BC as the glaciers were melting, the climate became warmer and drier."
},
{
"docid": "D1962097#0",
"title": "https://au.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20121012073009AAABUPU\nMayans, Inca and Aztecs...?",
"text": "\"Society & Culture Other - Society & Culture Mayans, Inca and Aztecs...?1. Are these three different, unique civilizations? 2. If so, What time periods did these civilizations exist? 3. where they all located in central/south america? 4. what countries today were these civilizations living in? 5. which was the biggest?"
},
{
"docid": "D2142524#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/history/did-mayans-invent-925fd71adefe5b31\nWhat Did the Mayans Invent?",
"text": "History Ancient History Q: What Did the Mayans Invent? A: Quick Answer The Mayan people invented complex and highly accurate calendars based off astronomical readings. They are also believed to have discovered the technique of vulcanization, a process that strengthens rubber by adding other materials. Continue Reading Keep Learning Did Mayans Really Think the World Would End in 2012? Who Were the Mayans? What Did the Mayans Eat? Credit: Astrophotography by Terry Hancock Used with permission Moment Getty Images Full Answer Through studying celestial bodies such as stars and planets, the Mayan people had the ability to predict solar eclipses and plan for proper harvesting and crop rotation techniques. They used a calendar that took two different cycles into account, involving a secular and sacred year. The sacred year was 260 days long, while the secular year was 365 days long. Days in the sacred calendar received a name and number, and days in the secular calendar received a number and month name."
}
] |
620202
|
what did the mayflower compact establish
|
[
{
"docid": "D25060#0",
"title": "http://www.allabouthistory.org/mayflower-compact.htm\nMayflower Compact",
"text": "\"Home >> Mayflower Compact Mayflower Compact Mayflower Compact – What is it? The Mayflower Compact is a written agreement composed by a consensus of the new Settlers arriving at New Plymouth in November of 1620. They had traveled across the ocean on the ship Mayflower which was anchored in what is now Provincetown Harbor near Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The Mayflower Compact was drawn up with fair and equal laws, for the general good of the settlement and with the will of the majority. The Mayflower’s passengers knew that the New World’s earlier settlers failed due to a lack of government. They hashed out the content and eventually composed the Compact for the sake of their own survival. All 41 of the adult male members on the Mayflower signed the Compact. Being the first written laws for the new land, the Compact determined authority within the settlement and was the observed as such until 1691. This established that the colony (mostly persecuted Separatists), was to be free of English law. It was devised to set up a government from within themselves and was written by those to be governed."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D2361220#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myles_Standish\nMyles Standish",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For the astronomer, see E. Myles Standish. Myles Standish This portrait, first published in 1885, was alleged to be a 1625 likeness of Standish, although its authenticity has never been proven. [ 1]Born c. 1584 Probably Lancashire, England Died October 3, 1656 (aged 72) Duxbury, Massachusetts Allegiance England Plymouth Colony Rank Captain Commands held Plymouth Colony militia Battles/wars Eighty Years' War (Netherlands) Wessagusset Colony ( Plymouth Colony)Spouse (s) Rose Standish Barbara Standish Signature Myles Standish ( c. 1584 – October 3, 1656) was an English military officer hired by the Pilgrims as military adviser for Plymouth Colony. He accompanied them on the Mayflower journey and played a leading role in the administration and defense of Plymouth Colony from its inception. [ 2] On February 17, 1621, the Plymouth Colony militia elected him as its first commander and continued to re-elect him to that position for the remainder of his life. [ 3]Standish served as an agent of Plymouth Colony in England, as assistant governor, and as treasurer of the Colony. [ 4] He was also one of the first settlers and founders of the town of Duxbury, Massachusetts. [ 5]A defining characteristic of Standish's military leadership was his proclivity for preemptive action which resulted in at least two attacks (or small skirmishes) on different groups of Native Americans—the Nemasket raid and the conflict at Wessagusset Colony. During these actions, Standish exhibited considerable courage and skill as a soldier, but also demonstrated a brutality that angered Native Americans and disturbed more moderate members of the Colony. [ 6]One of Standish's last military actions on behalf of Plymouth Colony was the botched Penobscot expedition in 1635."
},
{
"docid": "D820415#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_Mayflower_Compact_establish\nWhat was the Mayflower Compact?",
"text": "Dancer4life335 4 Contributions What was the Mayflower Compact? The Mayflower Compact (1620) was the first case of colonial self-government in America. The Mayflower Compact was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was dra …Batman13 674 Contributions One reason that the Mayflower Compact was written was to establish? Answer . The settlers consented to follow the compacts rules and regulations for the sake of survival. The government that the compact formed, in return, would derive its p …What did the mayflower compact establish among the English colonies and ultimately for the usa?to ensure that only pilgrams governed. Gong.amanda 166 Contributions Did the Mayflower Compact require the pilgrims to establish a democratic government? I don't believe so. Why was the Mayflower compact?"
},
{
"docid": "D649552#0",
"title": "http://www.encyclopedia.com/history/united-states-and-canada/us-history/plymouth-colony\nPLYMOUTH COLONY",
"text": "\"PLYMOUTH COLONYPLYMOUTH COLONY (or Plantation), the second permanent English settlement in North America, was founded in 1620 by settlers including a group of religious dissenters commonly referred to as the Pilgrims. Though theologically very similar to the Puritans who later founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the Pilgrims believed that the Church of England could not be reformed. Rather than attempting to purify the church, the Pilgrims desired a total separation. Settlement, Founding, and Growth One hundred and twenty-five Pilgrims, some of whom founded Plymouth, first departed England in 1608. English authorities had forced the Pilgrims to halt Separatist worship at Scrooby Manor (their residence in Nottinghamshire, England). Thus, seeking freedom of worship, they left for Holland, first passing through Amsterdam and then settling in Leyden. The Pilgrims did indeed enjoy freedom of worship in Leyden but found Holland an imperfect refuge. Most being farmers, the Pilgrims had difficulty prospering in urban Holland. More importantly, the Pilgrims feared their children were growing up in a morally degenerate atmosphere and were adopting Dutch customs and language. Seeing little chance for establishing a separate, godly society in Holland, and fearing the country's conquest by Catholic Spain, which would surely bring the horrors of the Inquisition, the Pilgrims needed a place where they would be left to worship and live as they chose."
},
{
"docid": "D1799271#0",
"title": "https://www.ducksters.com/history/colonial_america/pilgrims_plymouth_colony.php\nColonial America",
"text": "\"Advertisement History >> Colonial America Colonial America The Pilgrims and Plymouth Colony The Pilgrims were a group of English settlers who left Europe in search of religious freedom in the Americas. They established the Plymouth Colony in 1620. Map of New Plymouth and Cape Cod Source: Wikimedia Commons Why did the Pilgrims travel to America? The Pilgrims traveled to America in search of a new way of life. Many of the Pilgrims were part of a religious group called Separatists. They were called this because they wanted to \"\"separate\"\" from the Church of England and worship God in their own way. They were not allowed to do this in England where they were persecuted and sometimes put in jail for their beliefs. Other Pilgrims were hoping to find adventure or a better life in the New World. Setting Sail The Pilgrims initially set sail aboard two ships; the Speedwell and the Mayflower. However, not long after leaving England, the Speedwell began to leak and the Pilgrims had to return to port."
},
{
"docid": "D2468629#0",
"title": "http://historyofmassachusetts.org/the-mayflower-compact/\nThe Mayflower Compact",
"text": "The Mayflower Compact Rebecca Beatrice Brooks August 21, 2011 6 Comments The Mayflower Compact was a social contract the pilgrims signed in November 1620 in order to establish law and order in the new colony. Why Was the Mayflower Compact Written? When the pilgrims left Plymouth, England in 1620 they had been granted permission from King Charles I to land in northern Virginia and build a colony. During the long 66 day journey on the Mayflower to the New World, the ship drifted off course and eventually landed in what would become modern day Cape Cod. “Signing the Mayflower Compact,” oil painting by Edward Percy Moran, circa 1900The pilgrims worried that they had no legal right to colonize the area because they did not have permission, known as a patent, from the king to do so. They were also well aware that previous colonies had failed due to a lack of social order. Some of the Mayflower passengers were not separatists and they questioned their authority, which caused concern among the group. The group decided to draw up a social contract that would establish a local government and oblige the pilgrims to abide by the law of this government until they could obtain a new patent from the king. What Did the Mayflower Compact Do? The purpose of the Mayflower Compact was to establish basic law and order in the colony."
},
{
"docid": "D596594#0",
"title": "http://www.studymode.com/essays/Plymouth-Colony-s-Mayflower-Compact-1336621.html\nPlymouth Colony's Mayflower Compact",
"text": "Plymouth Colony's Mayflower Compact Topics: Plymouth Colony, Plymouth, Massachusetts, Virginia Company Pages: 2 (400 words) Published: January 2, 2013Dissatisfied with the Church of England, the Pilgrims, a group of poor, largely uneducated English religious separatists, had already relocated to Amsterdam and Leiden in Holland before deciding in 1617 to emigrate to the New World. On 16 September 1620, having secured an essential patent from the London Company, 102 passengers began their historic sixty-five-day voyage aboard a single ship, the 180-ton Mayflower. They were headed for Virginia but got blown off course and instead decided to found their colony in Cape Cod in what would become the Massachusetts Bay Colony. They called the colony Plymouth after the harbor in England from which they departed for the New World. Since the new location for their colony was outside the areas claimed by the two chartered joint-stock companies, they considered themselves technically independent and created their own government under the Mayflower Compact. It was a legal instrument that bound the Pilgrims together when they arrived in New England. The core members of the Pilgrims' immigrant group were Separatists, members of a Puritan sect that had split from the Church of England, the only legal church in England at that time. Others in the group, however, had remained part of the Church of England, so not all of the Pilgrims shared the same religion. On November 11, 1620, needing to maintain order and establish a civil society while they waited for this new patent, the male passengers signed the Mayflower Compact, a church covenant modified for civic use, represents an early attempt to establish written laws in an American colony. The Mayflower Compact is in essence a social contract because of its principle that a government's authority derives from the consent of the governed."
},
{
"docid": "D1844000#0",
"title": "https://www.ukessays.com/essays/history/jamestown-massachusetts-bay-and-plymouth-history-essay.php\nJamestown, Massachusetts Bay And Plymouth | Colonies",
"text": "\"Jamestown, Massachusetts Bay And Plymouth | Colonies Print Reference this Published: 23rd March, 2015 Last Edited: 19th May, 2017Disclaimer: This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UK Essays. The colonies of Jamestown, Plymouth, and Massachusetts Bay each were different by nature, goals, successes, and failures. There were numerous similarities as well as differences. However, each colony was looking for something better that was missing in their main land. Members of each colony had a vision of what they expected the New World to look like. When they arrived, they were given a sense of reality. Each colony had challenges that it would have to overcome to thrive as a new establishment in the New World. The three colonies succeeded at different levels in the New World."
},
{
"docid": "D522934#0",
"title": "https://www.geni.com/people/William-Bradford-Governor-of-Plymouth-Colony/6000000001828782619\nWilliam Bradford, Governor of Plymouth Colony",
"text": "\"William Bradford, Governor of Plymouth Colony‹ Back to Bradford surname Is your surname Bradford? Research the Bradford family Start your family tree now William Bradford, Governor of Plymouth Colony's Geni Profile Contact profile manager View family tree11 Discussions Share your family tree and photos with the people you know and love Build your family tree online Share photos and videos Smart Matching™ technology Free!Get Started Share Tweet This Related Projects The First American Thanksgiving Great Migration: Passengers of the Mayflower, 1620English-language writers Authors of Great Literature Profiles of the Day William Bradford Also Known As: \"\"Gov. William Bradford of Plymouth Colony\"\", \"\"William Bradford lll\"\", \"\"William \"\"Mayflower\"\" Bradford\"\"Birthdate: before March 19, 1589Birthplace: Austerfield, Yorkshire, England Death: May 9, 1657 Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts Place of Burial: Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, United States Immediate Family: Son of William Bradford, II and Alice Briggs Husband of Alice (May) Bradford; Dorothy (May) Bradford, \"\"Mayflower Passenger\"\" and Alice Bradford Father of Lt. John Bradford; Maj. William Bradford, Jr., Dep. Gov. of Plymouth Colony; Mercy Vermayes and Joseph Bradford, of Plymouth Brother of Margaret Bradford; Agnes Briggs; Alice Bradford; Gov. William Bradford, III and Margaret Bradford Half brother of Robert Briggs, Jr. Occupation: A separatist who immigrated to Holland about 1610. He went back to England in 1620 and then sailed from Plymouth, England, with the Mayflower Pilgrims. ( 9-6-1620) 2nd Gov. of Plymouth Colony., Fustian Maker, Governor of Plymouth Colony, weaver, writer Managed by: Steve Last Updated: today View Complete Profile Matching family tree profiles for William Bradford, Governor of Plymouth Colony Gov William Bradford in Family Search Family Tree William Bradford in My Heritage family trees (Wood Web Site) William (3) Bradford (Governor) in My Heritage family trees (Partch Web Site)Governor William Bradford III in Family Search Family Tree William Bradford in Family Search Family Tree William Bradford in My Heritage family trees (Stockton Web Site)William Bradford in My Heritage family trees (Nancy Houston Web Site) Governor William Bradford, \"\"Mayflower\"\" Passenger in My Heritage family trees (Hiett, Web Site) William Bradford in My Heritage family trees (Amalfitano Web Site)William Bradford in My Heritage family trees (Ripleys Web Site)William Bradford in My Heritage family trees (Winters/Palmer Web Site) Gov. William Bradford in My Heritage family trees (Carlson Family Site (23and Me))view all 19Immediate Family Alice (May) Bradfordwife Dorothy (May) Bradford, \"\"Mayflow...wife Lt. John Bradfordson Alice Bradfordwife Maj."
},
{
"docid": "D2207718#0",
"title": "http://www.ducksters.com/history/colonial_america/pilgrims_plymouth_colony.php\nColonial America",
"text": "\"Advertisement History >> Colonial America Colonial America The Pilgrims and Plymouth Colony The Pilgrims were a group of English settlers who left Europe in search of religious freedom in the Americas. They established the Plymouth Colony in 1620. Map of New Plymouth and Cape Cod Source: Wikimedia Commons Why did the Pilgrims travel to America? The Pilgrims traveled to America in search of a new way of life. Many of the Pilgrims were part of a religious group called Separatists. They were called this because they wanted to \"\"separate\"\" from the Church of England and worship God in their own way. They were not allowed to do this in England where they were persecuted and sometimes put in jail for their beliefs. Other Pilgrims were hoping to find adventure or a better life in the New World. Setting Sail The Pilgrims initially set sail aboard two ships; the Speedwell and the Mayflower. However, not long after leaving England, the Speedwell began to leak and the Pilgrims had to return to port."
},
{
"docid": "D1696839#0",
"title": "http://juniata.adamscentral.k12.ne.us/travel.html\n.",
"text": "\"How did the Pilgrims travel to America? The Mayflower II resembles the Mayflower IThe English ship the Mayflower carried the Separatist Puritans, later known as Pilgrims, to Plymouth, Massachusetts, in 1620. The 180-ton vessel was about 12 years old and had been in the wine trade. It was chartered by John Carver, a leader of the Separatist congregation at Leiden, Holland. The ship was made ready at Southampton with a passenger list that included English Separatists and other crew. These crew members were to be taken along to make money for the London businessmen, who were giving money for the expedition. In the meantime, the Leiden Separatists, who had started the venture, sailed for Southampton on July 22, 1620, with 35 members of the congregation and their leaders, William Bradford and William Brewster, aboard the 60-ton Speedwell. To start on the trip to America,both the Speedwell and the Mayflower, carrying a total of about 120 passengers, sailed from Southampton on August 15,. But they were twice forced back by dangerous leaks on the Speedwell. So it was decided, at the English port of Plymouth, some of the Speedwell's passengers would regroup on the Mayflower, leaving some things behind because there was no room enough for everything."
},
{
"docid": "D647352#0",
"title": "http://www.crf-usa.org/foundations-of-our-constitution/mayflower-compact.html\nThe Mayflower Compact",
"text": "\"The Mayflower Compact If they looked behind them, there was the mighty ocean which they had passed…to separate them from all the civil parts of the world.-- William Bradford Signing the Mayflower Compact 1620, a painting by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris 1899 (Wikimedia Commons)The 102 passengers on the Mayflower were divided into two groups. Only 41 of them were Pilgrims--religious dissenters called Separatists, who had fled England for Holland. Now they sought a new life in America where they could practice their religion in the manner they chose. The rest of the passengers, called \"\"strangers\"\" by the Pilgrims, included merchants, craftsmen, skilled workers and indentured servants, and several young orphans. All were common people. About one-third of them were children. The Pilgrims had organized the voyage. William Brewster and the other Pilgrim leaders had secured the right to settle on land claimed by the Virginia Company near the mouth of the Hudson River. To raise money for the voyage the Pilgrims signed a contract with a group of London stockholders. In return the stockholders would share in the profits of the planned colony."
},
{
"docid": "D590932#0",
"title": "http://teachingushistory.org/lessons/col_his_bg_notes.html\nBackground Notes: Colonial America Historical",
"text": "Background Notes: Colonial America Historical Colonization in the New World Colonists settled British North America for different reasons. Some came for profits; others came for religious freedom. For those colonies established for profit, the British Crown granted charters to venturing proprietors or joint-stock companies. Yet, whatever the reason for coming, whatever the type of colony, when English settlers arrived they encountered native populations and Spanish and French settlements. Significantly, African slavery altered the New World's demographic profile in the early 1600s. Interacting cultures within distinct geographic settings and economic circumstances resulted in unique histories for early colonies such as Roanoke, Jamestown, Plymouth and South Carolina. South Carolina, for instance, capitalized on lowcountry rice cultivation through the labor of enslaved Africans. Further, South Carolina withstood threats from the Spanish in St. Augustine and from warring natives such as the Westo, Yamasee, and Cherokee. The histories of Roanoke, Jamestown, Plymouth, and South Carolina reveal four very different examples of British colonization in the New World. 1Roanoke England's first attempt at American colonization took place at Roanoke."
},
{
"docid": "D2475000#0",
"title": "http://www.studymode.com/subjects/william-bradford-of-plymouth-plantation-page1.html\n\"\"\"William Bradford Of Plymouth Plantation\"\" Essays and Research Papers\"",
"text": "\"William Bradford Of Plymouth Plantation October, 2014 \"\"OF PLYMOUTH PLANTATION :\"\" CHAPTERS 9 & 10 \"\"Of Plymouth Plantation \"\" is a manuscript of Bradford's history starting in 1620. The first book was copied into the church records and preserved, but unfortunately the second part was presumably lost. The manuscripts were found in the residence of the Bishop of London and were published together for the first time in 1856. There seems to be immeasurable history in these books. William Bradford, the author of \"\"Of Plymouth Plantation \"\" gives a narrative... Burial Hill, Cape Cod, John Howland 923 Words | 4 Pages Open Document Plymouth Plantation\"\"My Current Knowledge\"\" During my brief research on the passage, Of Plymouth Plantation, I've come to the understanding that it was written by the leader of Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts, William Bradford. Bradford slowly wrote the passage in question over a twenty-one year time span allowing him to tell vivid stories of the life of Puritans and their Mayflower voyage, making them highly favored [which critics supports by referring to them as, \"\"Spiritual ancestors of all Americans\"\" (Samuel Eliot... History of Massachusetts, Mayflower, Mayflower Compact 699 Words | 3 Pages Open Document Of Plymouth Plantation Of Plymouth Plantation William Bradford The book that I chose to write about is Of Plymouth Plantation by William Bradford. I chose to write about this book because I believe that what William Bradford did for the Pilgrims was very remarkable. Bradford was the governor of Plymouth for over thirty years after the previous governor, John Carver, had died. He was a very powerful leader in the Plymouth Plantation and all the Pilgrims looked at him not only as a leader, but also as a part of their... First-person narrative, John Carver, Mayflower 1714 Words | 5 Pages Open Document Of Plymouth Plantationsue to His Majesty that he would be pleased to grant them freedom of religion. ( Bradford pg 30.)"
},
{
"docid": "D94714#0",
"title": "http://www.manythings.org/voa/history/3.html\nA Difficult Life for English Settlers",
"text": "www.manythings.org/voa/history<= Back [ Program 3 ] Next =>A Difficult Life for English Settlers Your browser does not support HTML5 audio. Speed:75%100%125%150%175%200%Download MP3 (Right-click or option-click the link. ) This is Rich Kleinfeldt. And this is Sarah Long with THE MAKING OF A NATION, a VOA Special English program about the history of the United States. Today, we tell about the first permanent English settlements in North America. England was the first country to compete with Spain for claims in the New World, although it was too weak to do this openly at first. But Queen Elizabeth of England supported such explorations as early as the 1570s. Sir Humphrey Gilbert led the first English settlement efforts. He did not establish any lasting settlement. He died as he was returning to England."
},
{
"docid": "D2031037#0",
"title": "http://americanhistory.about.com/od/colonialamerica/a/may_compact.htm\nThe Mayflower Compact of 1620",
"text": "\"Humanities ›History & Culture The Mayflower Compact of 1620Foundation of the Constitution Share Flipboard Email Print Embarkation of the Pilgrims from the Mayflower by Robert Walter Weir. Public Domain / Brooklyn Museumby Martin Kelly Updated February 05, 2018The Mayflower Compact is often cited as one of the foundations of the U. S. Constitution. This document was the initial governing document for the Plymouth Colony. It was signed on November 11, 1620, while the settlers were still aboard the Mayflower before they disembarked at Provincetown Harbor. However, the story of the creation of the Mayflower Compact begins with the Pilgrims in England. Who Were the Pilgrims? Pilgrims were separatists from the Anglican Church in England. They were Protestants who did not recognize the authority of the Anglican Church and formed their own Puritan church. To escape persecution and potential imprisonment, they fled England for Holland in 1607 and settled in the town of Leiden. Here they lived for 11 or 12 years before deciding to create their own colony in the New World."
},
{
"docid": "D2037422#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_did_English_settlers_retain_the_rights_of_englishmen\nWhy did English settlers retain the rights of englishmen?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History History of the United States Founding Fathers Why did English settlers retain the rights of englishmen? Flag Why did English settlers retain the rights of englishmen? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time.they were formerly under the rule of the british monarchy and had enjoyed and understood the rights they had such as the right to trial by jury, sucurity from unlawful entry into one's home, and the right to not being taxed without consent. They brought these ideas with them to their colonies.11 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Dr.geniusdude 203 Contributions Why did American colonists have the rights of Englishmen? The American colonists were entitled to the rights of englishmen because they were an English colony. The abridgment of those rights was the cause of the revolutionary war. JPaganel 5,933 Contributions Do Englishmen have the right to carry guns? They do not. Carrying of firearms is a privilege in UK, not a right."
},
{
"docid": "D998619#0",
"title": "http://www.history.com/topics/mayflower\nPilgrims Before the Mayflower",
"text": "Pilgrims Before the Mayflower In 1608, a congregation of disgruntled English Protestants from the village of Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, left England and moved to Leyden, a town in Holland. These “Separatists” did not want to pledge allegiance to the Church of England, which they believed was nearly as corrupt and idolatrous as the Catholic Church it had replaced, any longer. ( They were not the same as the Puritans, who had many of the same objections to the English church but wanted to reform it from within.) The Separatists hoped that in Holland, they would be free to worship as they liked Did You Know? The Separatists who founded the Plymouth Colony referred to themselves as “Saints,” not “Pilgrims.” The use of the word “Pilgrim” to describe this group did not become common until the colony’s bicentennial. In fact, the Separatists (they called themselves “Saints”) did find religious freedom in Holland, but they also found a secular life that was more difficult to navigate than they’d anticipated. For one thing, Dutch craft guilds excluded the migrants, so they were relegated to menial, low-paying jobs. Even worse was Holland’s easygoing, cosmopolitan atmosphere, which proved alarmingly seductive to some of the Saints’ children. ( These young people were “drawn away,” Separatist leader William Bradford wrote, “by evill [sic] example into extravagance and dangerous courses.”)"
},
{
"docid": "D1617935#0",
"title": "http://www.teachingushistory.org/lessons/col_his_bg_notes.html\nBackground Notes: Colonial America Historical",
"text": "Background Notes: Colonial America Historical Colonization in the New World Colonists settled British North America for different reasons. Some came for profits; others came for religious freedom. For those colonies established for profit, the British Crown granted charters to venturing proprietors or joint-stock companies. Yet, whatever the reason for coming, whatever the type of colony, when English settlers arrived they encountered native populations and Spanish and French settlements. Significantly, African slavery altered the New World's demographic profile in the early 1600s. Interacting cultures within distinct geographic settings and economic circumstances resulted in unique histories for early colonies such as Roanoke, Jamestown, Plymouth and South Carolina. South Carolina, for instance, capitalized on lowcountry rice cultivation through the labor of enslaved Africans. Further, South Carolina withstood threats from the Spanish in St. Augustine and from warring natives such as the Westo, Yamasee, and Cherokee. The histories of Roanoke, Jamestown, Plymouth, and South Carolina reveal four very different examples of British colonization in the New World. 1Roanoke England's first attempt at American colonization took place at Roanoke."
},
{
"docid": "D1135791#0",
"title": "https://www.coursehero.com/flashcards/439786/APUSH-Terms-Unit1/\nAPUSH Terms Unit1 Flashcards",
"text": "\"Enclosure Movement=Landowners convert their farms to pastures for sheep because there was growth in the wool trade. Significance= Government tried to put the poor to work, this led to dislocation of farmers and restriction of food, which led to the nation's serious problem of surplus population (starving). Government wants to get the serfs out of the country. No land, no job, and hungry are reasons to want to go to the new world. Mercantilism Nation as a whole, not the individuals within it, was a principal actor in the economy. The goal is to increase total wealth. Colonies are a part of the country. Significance= Enhance the new merchant position whose ventures overseas would benefit nation and get government assistance. And competition among nations. This will be a major cause of the American Revolution."
},
{
"docid": "D358809#0",
"title": "https://www.plimoth.org/learn/just-kids/homework-help/mayflower-and-mayflower-compact\nMayflower and Mayflower Compact",
"text": "The Journey | The People | The Ship | The Mayflower Compact | Mayflower Compact in William Bradford's Hand The Journey Would you have liked to travel on a small ship with more than 100 other people, all of their belongings, and possibly some farm animals – for 66 days? That’s what the Pilgrims did in the year 1620, on a ship called Mayflower. Mayflower set sail from England in July 1620, but it had to turn back twice because Speedwell, the ship it was traveling with, leaked. After deciding to leave the leaky Speedwell behind, Mayflower finally got underway on September 6, 1620. In the 1600s, the ocean was full of dangers. Ships could be attacked and taken over by pirates. Many ships in the 1600s were damaged or shipwrecked by storms. Passengers sometimes fell overboard and drowned or got sick and died. Although Mayflower did not sink, a few of these things actually did happen! Mayflower wasn't taken over by pirates -- the ship sailed on a northern path across the Atlantic to avoid them -- but she was damaged by a bad storm halfway to America."
}
] |
620207
|
what did the members of the congress of racial equality believed
|
[
{
"docid": "D1247211#0",
"title": "http://www.weegy.com/?ConversationId=4057D31B\n.",
"text": "Question and answer Q: 4. The members of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) believed (1 point) separation of the races was essential to equality. violence was necessary to achieve racial goals. direct, nonviolentmethods could gain civil rights for African Americans. they should disband and join the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. A: The members of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) believed direct, nonviolent methods could gain civil rights for African Americans. Expert answered| jeifunk |Points 8764|Log in for more information. Question Asked 2/18/2013 10:29:25 AM0 Answers/Comments Get an answer Search for an answer or ask Weegy (Free)4. The members of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) believed (1 point) separation of the races was essential to equality. violence was necessary to achieve racial goals."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1198594#0",
"title": "http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/reconstruction/activism/sf_rights.html\n.",
"text": "\"Q&A: Civil Rights During Reconstruction Historians describe the debate over extending civil rights to former slaves that divided the country after the Civil War. The same issues would re-emerge decades later, in the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s. How did nineteenth-century Americans view racial equality? What did Northerners think about black civil rights during Reconstruction? What were the two major political parties' positions on black civil rights at the time? What did the nineteenth-century civil rights legislation try to accomplish? How does the Reconstruction-era civil rights debate connect to the 20th century civil rights movement? Did nineteenth-century civil rights legislation affect 1960s legislation? How did nineteenth-century Americans view racial equality? Eric Foner: In the language of the nineteenth century, there are various degrees of equality."
},
{
"docid": "D3506484#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_equality\nRacial equality",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search [ hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages)This article needs additional citations for verification. ( August 2014)The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. ( November 2016)Racial equality occurs when institutions give equal opportunity to people of all races. In other words, institutions ignore persons' racial physical traits or skin color, and give everyone legally, morally, and politically equal opportunity. [ 1] In Western society today, there is more diversity and more integration among races. Initially, attaining equality has been difficult for African, Asian, and Latino people, especially in schools. [ 2] However, in the United States, racial equality, has become a law that regardless of what race an individual is, they will receive equal treatment, opportunity, education, employment, and politics. [ 1]Contents [ hide ]1 Background1.1 Civil War2 Struggle of African American society2.1 Post War equality2.2 Health3 Martin Luther King Jr.4 Rosa Parks5 Groups and organizations5.1 Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)5.2 National Association of the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)5.3 Congress of Racial Equality5.4 Accomplishments of CORE and NAACP5.4.1 Technique5.4.2 Expansion5.4.3 Main goals6 Protests6.1 Sit-ins6.2 Standing in line7 In the twenty-first century7.1 Attitudes8 Laws8.1 Thirteenth Amendment8.2 Fourteenth Amendment8.3 Fifteenth Amendment8.4 Civil Rights Act 18668.5 Jim Crow laws9 See also10 References Background [ edit]Civil War [ edit]Slavery was the key to the start of the bloodiest and most traumatic war in America's history."
},
{
"docid": "D1980455#0",
"title": "http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/brown/brown-brown.html\nBrown v. Board at Fifty: âWith an Even Handâ Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas",
"text": "Print Subscribe Share/Save Brown v. Board at Fifty: “With an Even Hand” Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas Home | Overview | Exhibition Items | Learn More | Public Programs | Acknowledgments Sections: A Century of Racial Segregation | Brown v. Board of Education | The Aftermath Three lawyers confer at the Supreme Court, 1953. Gelatin silver print. New York World-Telegram & Sun Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (98)The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and its legal offspring, the Legal Defense and Educational Fund, developed a systematic attack against the doctrine of “separate but equal.” The campaign started at the graduate and professional educational levels. The attack culminated in five separate cases gathered together under the name of one of them— Oliver Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. Aware of the gravity of the issue and concerned with the possible political and social repercussions, the U. S. Supreme Court heard the case argued on three separate occasions in as many years. The Court weighed carefully considerations involving adherence to legal precedent, social-science findings on the negative effects of segregation, and the marked inferiority of the schools that African Americans were forced to attend. The Supreme Court announced its unanimous decision on May 17, 1954. It held that school segregation violated the Equal Protection and Due Process clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment. The following year the Court ordered desegregation “with all deliberate speed."
},
{
"docid": "D252003#0",
"title": "http://www.historynet.com/african-americans-in-the-civil-war\nAfrican Americans In The Civil War",
"text": "\"African Americans In The Civil War Facts, information and articles about African Americans In The Civil War, from Black History African Americans In The Civil War summary: African-Americans served in the in the Civil War on both the Union and Confederate side. In the Union army, over 179,000 African American men served in over 160 units, as well as more serving in the Navy and in support positions. This number comprised of both northern free African Americans and runaway slaves from the South who enlisted to fight. In the Confederacy, African-Americans were still slaves and they served mostly in labor positions. By 1865, the South allowed slaves to enlist but very few actually did. African-Americans In the Union Army At the onset of the Civil War, free black men rushed to volunteer for service with the Union forces. Although African Americans had served in the army and navy during the American Revolution and in the War of 1812 (few, if any served in the Mexican War), they were not permitted to enlist because of a 1792 law that barred them from bearing arms in the U. S. Army. President Abraham Lincoln also feared that accepting black men into the military would cause border states like Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri to secede. Free black men were finally permitted to enlist late in 1862, following the passage of the Second Confiscation and Militia Act, which freed slaves who had masters in the Confederate Army, and Lincoln’s signing of the Emancipation Proclamation. By May 1863, the Bureau of Colored Troops was established to manage black enlistees."
},
{
"docid": "D3381369#0",
"title": "http://www.goldparty.org/poliprogressive.html\n.",
"text": "\"What does the DFL (Democratic-Farmer-Labor) party stand for? “ Progressive values” would be a standard answer. When Mike Erlandson announced his candidacy for Congress in the Fifth District, he said: “To win for ‘progressive values’, you have to know what you’re doing.” Formerly the party’s state chair, he had been outgoing Congressman Martin Sabo’s top aide for many years. Erlandson lost the party's nomination to Keith Ellison who went on to win the election. The word “progressive” works like a charm in circles of the Democratic party. But does it have practical content? In today’s context, it may be that “progressive” means, as Paul Wellstone said, being part of “the Democratic wing of the Democratic party”. In other words, these are not “new Democrats” or people who compromise with the Republicans. They are true blue Democrats who are idealists."
},
{
"docid": "D2497533#0",
"title": "http://biography.yourdictionary.com/biography/facts-about-martin-luther-king-jr.html\nFacts About Martin Luther King Jr.",
"text": "\"Home Biographies Facts About Martin Luther King Jr. Facts About Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. (January 15, 1929 - April 4, 1968) was a Baptist minister who became a civil rights leader and speaker, promoting nonviolent activities to achieve equal rights for African-Americans. His vision and legacy was his ability to motivate local and federal government lawmakers to end racial discrimination and to create economic justice for poor Americans in all aspects of their lives including housing, employment and education. Martin Luther King's Early Years King was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia, to Michael Luther King, Sr. and Alberta King. Martin’s given name, at birth, was Michael, like his father’s, but his father changed both of their given names to Martin after a visit to Germany in honor of the Protestant leader, Martin Luther. King’s father and grandfather were ministers, both pastoring the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta. Young Martin followed in his family’s footsteps and chose the ministry as his vocation. Education, Jobs and Positions Martin Luther King, Jr. held many jobs and positions throughout his lifetime that led him to be the leader he was to the African-American community: Student Ordained Baptist Reverend President of the Montgomery Improvement Association Co-founder and leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference Civil rights activist Author Education and Ministry The first position Martin Luther King, Jr. held was that of a student. He attended public schools in Atlanta and was given advanced placement to Morehouse College when he was only 15. His father and grandfather had also attended Morehouse College."
},
{
"docid": "D1605180#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/3697193/ap-gov-test-flash-cards/\nAP Gov Test",
"text": "\"103 terms erutz AP Gov Test Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Black Codes Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves Thirteenth Amendment one of the three Civil War amendments; specifically bans slavery in the United States Fourteenth Amendment one of three Civil War amendments; guaranteed equal protection and due process Fifteenth Amendment one of three Civil War amendments; guaranteed voting rights for African American men Jim Crow Laws Limited rights of blacks. Literacy tests, grandfather clauses and poll taxes limited black voting rights Grandfather Clause Said that a citizen could vote only if his grandfather had been able to vote. At the time, the grandfathers of black men in the South had been slaves with no right to vote. Another method for disenfranchising blacks. Poll Taxes Small taxes levied on the right to vote that often fell due at a time of year when poor African-American sharecroppers had the least cash on hand. This method was used by most Southern states to exclude African Americans from voting. Poll taxes were declared void by the Twenty-fourth Amendment in 1964. Literacy tests Method used to deny African-Americans the vote in the South that tested a person's ability to read and write - they were done very unfairly so even though most African-Americans could read and write by the 1950's they still failed."
},
{
"docid": "D1898859#0",
"title": "http://www.123helpme.com/search.asp?text=civil+rights+act\n.",
"text": "\"Title Length Color Rating The Civil Rights Act Of 1964 - I was not born until after Martin Luther King had died. Born in 1968, I didn't know African Americans were treated as second class citizens. The Civil Rights Movement was ongoing and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was being enforced. Unlike my parents, aunts and grandparents, when I got older I only heard of the Civil Rights Movement and Act of 1964 in school, and did not know that I was reaping the benefits from it until I was old enough to understand. Unlike the generation before me, I didn't have to deal with laws that did not protect their individual's rights, resulting in them being discriminated against continuously, such as going to segregated schools and having segregated public... [tags: Black Civil Rights Movement]1770 words (5.1 pages) Strong Essays [preview]The Civil Rights Act of 1964 - Before the Civil Rights Act of 1964, segregation in the United States was commonly practiced in many of the Southern and Border States. This segregation while supposed to be separate but equal, was hardly that. Blacks in the South were discriminated against repeatedly while laws did nothing to protect their individual rights. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 ridded the nation of this legal segregation and cleared a path towards equality and integration. The passage of this Act, while forever altering the relationship between blacks and whites, remains as one of history’s greatest political battles.... [tags: Civil Rights, Segregation, Equality Essays]:: 4 Works Cited1836 words (5.2 pages) Term Papers [preview]The 1957 Civil Rights Act - For 75 years following reconstruction the United States made little advancement towards racial equality. Many parts of the nation enacted Jim Crowe laws making separation of the races not just a matter of practice but a matter of law."
},
{
"docid": "D2130098#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/23433188/us-political-and-social-history-flash-cards\nUs Political and Social History",
"text": "\"72 terms Tyler Young Wu Us Political and Social History Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Hiroshima and Nagasaki Atomic bomb dropped decision by Harry Truman to end the war quick Red Scare As the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States intensified in the late 1940s and early 1950s, hysteria over the perceived threat posed by Communists in the U. S. became known as the Red Scare. ( Communists were often referred to as \"\"Reds\"\" for their allegiance to the red Soviet flag.) The Red Scare led to a range of actions that had a profound and enduring effect on U. S. government and society. Federal employees were analyzed to determine whether they were sufficiently loyal to the government, and the House Un-American Activities Committee, as well as U. S. Senator Joseph R. Mc Carthy, investigated allegations of subversive elements in the government and the Hollywood film industry. The climate of fear and repression linked to the Red Scare finally began to ease by the late 1950s. Divison of Berlin Berlin Wall, 1961-89, a barrier first erected in Aug., 1961, by the East German government along the border between East and West Berlin, and later along the entire border between East Germany and West Germany. At first constructed of barbed wire, the wall was built to halt large numbers of defections and to prevent East Berliners from commuting to the West. Erected at a time of growing tension between East and West, the barrier was eventually replaced by a concrete structure topped with wire and studded with watchtowers manned by East German soldiers. In 1989, after hundreds of thousands of East Germans had fled westward via Hungary and Czechoslovakia, the beleaguered East German regime lifted travel restrictions on Nov. 9, and days later the dismantling of the wall began. Built to keep people in, the wall was dismantled in a failed gamble by the Communists to keep power."
},
{
"docid": "D21564#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act\nVoting Rights Act of 1965",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Voting Rights Act)navigation search Voting Rights Act of 1965Long title An act to enforce the fifteenth amendment of the Constitution of the United States, and for other purposes. Acronyms (colloquial)VRANicknames Voting Rights Act Enacted by the 89th United States Congress Effective August 6, 1965Citations Public law 89-110Statutes at Large 79 Stat. 437Codification Titles amended 52—Voting and Elections U. S. C. sections created52 U. S. C. § 1010152 U. S. C. §§ 10301 – 1031452 U. S. C. §§ 10501 – 1050852 U. S. C. §§ 10701 – 10702Legislative history Introduced in the Senate as S. 1564 by Mike Mansfield ( D – MT) and Everett Dirksen ( R – IL) on March 17, 1965Committee consideration by Judiciary Passed the Senate on May 26, 1965 (77-19)Passed the House with amendment on July 9, 1965 (333–85)Reported by the joint conference committee on July 29, 1965; agreed to by the House on August 3, 1965 (328–74) and by the Senate on August 4, 1965 (79–18)Signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on August 6, 1965Major amendments Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1970 [1]Voting Rights Act of 1965, Amendments of 1975 [2]Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1982 [3]Voting Rights Language Assistance Act of 1992 [4]Fannie Lou Hamer, Rosa Parks, Coretta Scott King, César E. Chávez, Barbara C. Jordan, William C. Velásquez, and Dr. Hector P. Garcia Voting Rights Act Reauthorization and Amendments Act of 2006 [5] [6]United States Supreme Court cases South Carolina v. Katzenbach (1966) Katzenbach v. Morgan (1966) Allen v. State Board of Elections (1969) Oregon v. Mitchell (1970) Beer v. United States (1976) City of Rome v. United States (1980) City of Mobile v. Bolden (1980) Thornburg v. Gingles (1986) Growe v. Emison (1993) Voinovich v. Quilter (1993) Shaw v. Reno (1993) Holder v. Hall (1994) Johnson v. De Grandy (1994) Miller v. Johnson (1995) Bush v. Vera (1996) Lopez v. Monterey County (1999) Reno v. Bossier Parish School Board (2000) Georgia v. Ashcroft (2003) League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry (2006) Bartlett v. Strickland (2009) Northwest Austin Municipal Utility District No. 1 v. Holder (2009) Shelby County v. Holder (2013)The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of federallegislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting. [ 7] [8] It was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson during the height of the Civil Rights Movement on August 6, 1965, and Congress later amended the Act five times to expand its protections. [ 7] Designed to enforce the voting rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, the Act secured voting rights for racial minorities throughout the country, especially in the South. According to the U. S. Department of Justice, the Act is considered to be the most effective piece of federal civil rights legislation ever enacted in the country. [ 9]The Act contains numerous provisions that regulate election administration. The Act's \"\"general provisions\"\" provide nationwide protections for voting rights. Section 2 is a general provision that prohibits every state and local government from imposing any voting law that results in discrimination against racial or language minorities."
},
{
"docid": "D2564652#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/4271779/civil-rights-flash-cards/\nCivil Rights",
"text": "\"71 terms egitkin12Civil Rights Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort MOSE WRIGHT Sharecropper in Money, Mississippi and uncle to Emmett Till. Wright reported Till's abduction to the police and testified at the trial despite threats against his life. EMMETT TILL 14 year old African-American whose death started the Civil Rights Movement. Spent the summer in Money, Mississippi with his uncle, Mose Wright. At a store, Till flirted with a white woman, and her relatives forced Till out of his uncle's house and murdered him. His badly disfigured body was given an open casket funeral and was the staring point for the Civil Rights Movement. E. D. NIXON African-American Union and Civil Rights leader who organized the Montgomery Bus Boycott in response to Rosa Parks' demonstration. Nixon also headed the local chapter of the NAACP, the Montgomery Welfare League and the Montgomery Voter's League."
},
{
"docid": "D2553838#0",
"title": "http://academic.udayton.edu/race/03justice/justice10.htm\nThis site is no longer being maintained at this location.",
"text": "\"John L. Newby Excerpted from: John L. Newby, The Fight For The Right To Fight And The Forgotten Negro Protest Movement: The History Of Executive Order 9981 And Its Effect Upon Brown V. Board Of Education And Beyond, 10 Texas Journal on Civil Liberties & Civil Rights 83-110 (Winter, 2004) (171 Footnotes Omitted)I. Introduction II. The Post-World War I World A. The Plight of the African-American Soldier B. United States ex rel. Lynn v. Downer III. Committee Against Jim Crow in Military Service and Training A. Attempts at Appeasement B. Randolph Forced Into Action IV. The Right to Fight: Executive Order 9981 V. Epilogue: Brown and Beyond VI. Conclusion I. Introduction\"\"The colored man in uniform is expected by the War Department to develop a high morale in a community that offers him nothing but humiliation and mistreatment. . . . The War Department has failed to secure to the colored soldier protection against violence on the part of civilian police and to secure justice in the courts in communities near-by to Southern stations. . . . On the training fields the development of morale does not take into consideration Jim-Crow laws and customs. The \"\"Four Freedoms\"\" cannot be enjoyed under Jim-Crow influences. \"\" -Brigadier General Benjamin O. Davis, Sr."
},
{
"docid": "D3319434#0",
"title": "https://www.shmoop.com/causes-of-civil-war/politics.html\nPolitics in Causes of the Civil War",
"text": "\"Politics in Causes of the Civil War BACK NEXTA Log Cabin Whig Abraham Lincoln, the exalted Republican who led the war effort to preserve the American union, spent much of his political life as a member of another political party: the Whigs. As a young statesman, Lincoln closely followed his party's line. He believed that federal aid for industry, protective tariffs, and a national bank benefited western expansion and stimulated a modernizing society. His party, however, was sharply divided over the issue of slavery and its spread. Seems to be the theme of post-war America. Whigs, some of them wealthy Southern planters, others Northern merchants and industrialists, agreed only that \"\"liberty\"\" came from the economic opportunities that a prosperous nation offered to average (white) citizens, not from the abolition or limitation of bondage. Lincoln's party, however, never developed a clear response to the political crises that grew as a result of western expansion, abolitionist agitation, and the threat of slave insurrection. Lincoln himself displayed seemingly inconsistent views on these increasingly controversial topics. He refused to sympathize with defenders of slavery, convinced that the existence of the institution jeopardized freedom and justice for all Americans. But he also condemned those who broke the law in support of abolition, since he felt that this also compromised the principles of the republic."
},
{
"docid": "D1673746#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/7544910/us-government-mid-term-flash-cards/\nUS Government Mid-Term",
"text": "\"135 terms jedwards10US Government Mid-Term Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort In the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) the U. S. Supreme court held that a. ethnic minorities have no rights to equal treatment by the government b. public school segregation of races violates the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment c. the national government does not have the power to force any type of actipn on local school boards d. separation of races for a reason such as education is not a violation of the Constitution BDe facto segregation means a. segregation because of previous conditions, not deliberate government intention b. segregation based on different native languages c. racial segregation based on law d. segregation of southern European immigrants AThe civil rights movement led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., was based on the philosophy of a. nonviolent civil disobedience b. divide and conquer c. \"\"equality of all, through strong force when necessary.\"\" d. equality of practice that did not have to exclude racial segregation AThe Civil Rights Act of 1964 a. was relatively symbolic b. established a Civil Rights Division within the Justice Department c. forbade discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, gender, and national origin d. did not deal with the issue of equality of opportunity in employment CThe Equal Pay Act of 1964 a. requires equal pay for equal work b. does not address the tendency of men and women to hold different types of jobs c. requires quotas proportionate to the population in all new private sector hires d. a and b DAffirmative action a. requires numerical quotas by gender and race in jobs with a \"\"history of discrimination.\"\" b. gives special consideration to traditionally disadvantaged groups in an effort to overcome past discrimination c. applies to African Americans, but no Hispanics or women. d. has been found to be unconstitutional by the Supreme Court BThe Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 prohibits a. companies from paying retired persons a wage that is equal to or greater than the minimum wage. b. age discrimination against people without a valid occupational reason. c. state government from hiring individuals who have not yet reached their 21st birthday. d. Social Security recipients from working at any job. BThe American with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 a. explicitly does not cover alcoholism b. does not require wheel-chair accessible restrooms c. does not require the employment of unqualified job applicants d. explicitly does not cover mental impairment CLaws regulating conduct between private parties in matters like contracts, business, and domestic relations are called a. jurisprudence b. the common law c. civil law d. criminal law CJudge-made law developed over many years its called a. the Medicare prescription drugs benefit b. the common law c. civil law d. criminal law BExamples of the generational effect are a. the Medicare prescription drugs benefit b. support for the Republican Party resulting from the Watergate scandal c. the impact of the Great Depression on voting behavior d. the tendency of African Americans to favor the Republican Party CThe poor tend to be a. economically and socially conservative b. economically and socially liberal c. economically liberal and socially conservative d. economically conservative and socially liberal CTraditionally, Protestant families tended to be a. Republicans b. concentrated in the northern states c. apolitical d. Democrats AThe first election that indicated the presence of a gender gap was a. won by Richard Nixon (1968) b. won by Jimmy Carter (1976) c. won by Ronald Reagan (1980) d. won by Bill Clinton (1992) CA random sample means that a. every person in the target population has an equal chance of being selected b. there is no pre-planning in the selection process c. every person in the target population who is encountered is selected d. researchers decide how many persons of certain types they need in the survey APossible problems with polling include a. failing to capture late-breaking voter decisions b. poorly designed questions that tip respondents in a particular direction c. a yes/no format that restricts the respondents' choices d. all of the above DInternet polling a. often takes the form of popular, unscientific \"\"nonpolls.\"\""
},
{
"docid": "D2790396#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Protection\nEqual Protection Clause",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Equal Protection)navigation search This article is part of a series on the Constitution of the United States of America Preamble and Articles of the Constitution Preamble I II III IV V VI VIIAmendments to the Constitution Bill of Rights I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX XXI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX XXXXI XXII XXIII XXIV XXV XXVI XXVIIUnratified Amendments Congressional Apportionment Titles of Nobility Corwin Child Labor Equal Rights D. C. Voting Rights History Drafting and ratification timeline Convention Signing Federalism Republicanism Full text of the Constitution and Amendments Preamble and Articles I–VII Amendments I–XAmendments XI–XXVIIUnratified Amendments United States portal U. S. Government portal Law portal Wikipedia bookv t e The Equal Protection Clause is part of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The clause, which took effect in 1868, provides that no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction \"\"the equal protection of the laws\"\". A primary motivation for this clause was to validate the equality provisions contained in the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which guaranteed that all people would have rights equal to those of all citizens. As a whole, the Fourteenth Amendment marked a large shift in American constitutionalism, by applying substantially more constitutional restrictions against the states than had applied before the Civil War. The meaning of the Equal Protection Clause has been the subject of much debate, and inspired the well-known phrase \"\" Equal Justice Under Law \"\". This clause was the basis for Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the Supreme Court decision that helped to dismantle racial segregation, and also the basis for many other decisions rejecting discrimination against people belonging to various groups. While the Equal Protection Clause itself only applies to state and local governments, the Supreme Court held in Bolling v. Sharpe (1954) that the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment nonetheless imposes various equal protection requirements on the federal government. Contents [ hide ]1 Text2 Background3 Early history following ratification4 Gilded Age interpretation and the Plessy decision5 Between Plessy and Brown6 Brown and its consequences7 Application to federal government8 Tiered scrutiny9 Discriminatory intent and disparate impact10 Voting rights11 Sex, disability, and sexual orientation12 Affirmative action13 See also14 References15 External links Text [ edit]The Equal Protection Clause is located at the end of Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment: All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. [ emphasis added]Background [ edit]Congressman John Bingham of Ohio was the principal framer of the Equal Protection Clause."
},
{
"docid": "D1198595#0",
"title": "http://users.humboldt.edu/ogayle/hist111/civilrights.html\n.",
"text": "\"Discussion Guides for The War Within and the Struggle for Civil Rights Discussion Goals1. To examine the origins of the Civil Rights Movement. 2. To study the evolution of the Civil Rights Movement through several loosely-defined phases of struggle. 3. To understand the origins and growth of the Black Power movement. 4. To think about the role of racism in contemporary American society. 5. To examine current avenues in the fight for civil rights."
},
{
"docid": "D2125426#0",
"title": "https://www.scribd.com/doc/115904382/poop-stick\nInstructorâs Manual/Test Bank",
"text": "\"Instructor’s Manual/Test Bankto accompany Wasserman’s The Basics of American Politics Eleventh Edition Larry Elowitz Georgia College and State University New York Boston San Francisco London Toronto Sydney Tokyo Singapore Madrid Mexico City Munich Paris Cape Town Hong Kong Montreal Instructor’s Manual/Test Bank to accompany Wasserman, Basics of American Politics, Eleventh Edition Copyright ©2004 Pearson Education All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Instructors may reproduce portions of this book for classroom use only. All other reproductions are strictly prohibited without prior permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. ISBN: 0-321-18837-3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10-DPC –06 05 04 03 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 What is Politics? The Constitution: Rules of the Game The Executive Branch: The President and Bureaucracy The Legislative Branch: Congress The Judicial Branch: The Supreme Court and the Federal Court System Civil Rights and Liberties: Protecting the Players Voters and Political Parties Interest Groups and the Media Who Wins, Who Loses: Pluralism Versus Elitism 1 16 36 58 82 101 123 145 166 CHAPTER ONE What is Politics? CHAPTER OVERVIEW This initial chapter introduces and defines politics and applies it to America's government. In Lasswell's famous definition, politics is \"\"the process of who gets what, when, and how.\"\" In other words, the text's definition of politics \"\"centers on actions among a number of people involving influence” (note the opening example of the student-professor classroom interaction). The concepts of power (the ability to influence another's behavior), elites (those who get more than others of the values society has available), legitimacy (the acceptance of something as right), and authority (a legitimate, efficient form of power) are discussed."
},
{
"docid": "D2781008#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/5785185/civil-rights-terms-flash-cards/\nCivil Rights Terms",
"text": "\"40 terms magicman AGCivil Rights Terms Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Declaration of Independence Document signed July 4, 1776 declaring that the early 13 colonies of the US are free and independent from the UK. This document declares the United States as a nation that that is able to provide the rights that they choose, including the rights of African Americans. Dred Scot v Sandford A court case between Sandford and Dred. Where Dred Scot, a black slave, wanted to be freed because his owner had died. However, after going to the supreme court, the order was in favor of Sandford. This is the first time America sends voice that slavery is allowed and black are considered as slaves even if its owner died. The 13th Amendment Ended slavery and foreboded it in the future. The 14th Amendment Declared that former slaves were citizens and required that states provide everyone equal protection under the law."
},
{
"docid": "D2309440#0",
"title": "http://loc.gov/exhibits/civil-rights-act/segregation-era.html\nThe Civil Rights Act of 1964: A Long Struggle for Freedom The Segregation Era (1900â1939)",
"text": "\"Print Subscribe Share/Save The Civil Rights Act of 1964: A Long Struggle for Freedom The Segregation Era (1900–1939)Home | Exhibition Overview | Exhibition Items | Timelines | Multimedia | Public Programs | Learn More | Acknowledgments Sections: Prologue | The Segregation Era (1900–1939) | World War II and Post War (1940–1949) | Civil Rights Era (1950–1963) | The Civil Rights Act of 1964 | Immediate Impact of the Civil Rights Act | Epilogue Flag flown at NAACP headquarters, ca. 1920. NAACP Records, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (030.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACPAs segregation tightened and racial oppression escalated across the United States, some leaders of the African American community, often called the talented tenth, began to reject Booker T. Washington’s conciliatory approach. W. E. B. Du Bois and other black leaders channeled their activism by founding the Niagara Movement in 1905. Later, they joined white reformers in 1909 to form the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Early in its fight for equality, the NAACP used the federal courts to challenge disenfranchisement and residential segregation. Job opportunities were the primary focus of the National Urban League, which was established in 1910. During the Great Migration (1910–1920), African Americans by the thousands poured into industrial cities to find work and later to fill labor shortages created by World War I. Though they continued to face exclusion and discrimination in employment, as well as some segregation in schools and public accommodations, Northern black men faced fewer barriers to voting. As their numbers increased, their vote emerged as a crucial factor in elections. The war and migration bolstered a heightened self-confidence in African Americans that manifested in the New Negro Movement of the 1920s."
},
{
"docid": "D617668#0",
"title": "https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Equal+Protection+Clause\nequal protection",
"text": "\"equal protection (redirected from Equal Protection Clause) Also found in: Dictionary, Medical, Acronyms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia. Related to Equal Protection Clause: 14th Amendment Equal Protection The constitutional guarantee that no person or class of persons shall be denied the same protection of the laws that is enjoyed by other persons or other classes in like circumstances in their lives,liberty, property, and pursuit of happiness. The Declaration of Independence states: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they areendowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights, that among these are Life,Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. The concept of equal protection and equality in the United States is as old as the country itself. In 1776, Thomas Jefferson and the American colonists boldly announced the \"\"self-evident\"\" truth of human equality. Yet the meaning of equality was neither obvious nor clearly defined. The \"\"peculiarinstitution\"\" of Slavery was intricately woven into U. S. economic, social, and political fabric. Many Americans owned slaves, and most, including Jefferson himself, believed in the inferiority of theblack race. James Madison and the other Founding Fathers drafted a national constitution thatprotected the slave trade and recognized the rights of slave owners. Article I, Section 2, of the Constitution counted a slave as only three-fifths of a person for the purposes of representation in Congress."
}
] |
620236
|
what did the nez perce tribe live in
|
[
{
"docid": "D1919983#0",
"title": "http://www.indians.org/articles/nez-perce-indians.html\nNez Perce Indians",
"text": "Nez Perce Indians The Nez Perce Indians are a tribe that lived in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The Nez Perce Indians are a tribe that lived in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. At the time of the Lewis and Clark expedition, the Nez Perce territory covered about 17 million acres, covering parts of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. Although the Nez Perce Indians were known as warriors and were strategic in battle, the Lewis and Clark expedition recorded them as a helpful tribe that was very peaceful. The Nez Perce Indians gathered many roots for winter such as the camas bulb, bitterroot, khouse, and wild carrot and potato. They also collected gooseberries, blackberries, elderberries, and wild strawberries as well as pine nuts and sunflower seeds. They were hunters, often-hunting elk, moose, bear, mountain sheep, and goats. The Nez Perce Indian men wore fringed buckskin shirts with leggings, and moccasins. They occasionally wore gloves and a feathered bonnet. Women wore long dresses made of buckskin, cornhusk hats, and moccasins."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1249017#0",
"title": "http://www.legendsofamerica.com/na-legends.html\nNative American Mythology & Legends",
"text": "Native American Mythology & Legends Totem carving in Alaska Various Tribes Legends and Myths: The Ark On Superstition Mountains The Division of Two Tribes The Hidden City of Death Valley Legend Of Crazy Woman’s Fork Legends of Indian Territory Little People of Wyoming & the Pedro Mountain Mummy The Lost Trail Native American Legends of Arizona Pale Faced Lightning The Queen Of Death Valley Riders of the Desert Sacrifice of the Toltec Blackfoot Legend of the Peacepipe The Salt Witch of the Nebraska Plains Storied Waters of Oregon Ta-Vwots Conquers the Sun Tamanous Of Tacoma The Voyager Of Whulge The Yellowstone Tragedy Ta-Vwots Conquers the Sun Wendigo – Flesheater of the Forests By Tribe: Apache Myths & Legends Blackfoot Myths & Legends Cherokee Myths & Legends Sioux Myths & Legends Zuni Myths & Legends Mythology & Sacred Concepts: Native American Legends While a Great Spirit constitutes the basis of Indian theory, the tribes believe in multiple deities, which are surrounded by mythology. In accordance with their views of nature and spirit, they constantly appeal to these powers, at every step of their lives. They hear the great Spirit in every wind; see him in every cloud; fear him in sounds, and adore him in every place that inspires awe. While cultures and customs varied among the tribes, they all believed that the universe was bound together by spirits of natural life, including animals, water, plants, the sky, and the Earth itself. Native American culture struggled to survive after the white man invaded their lives. Living through forced moves, war, starvation, diseases, and assimilation, these strong and spiritual people managed to keep their many legends and stories alive. Passed down through the generations, these many tales speak of timeless messages of peace, life, death, and harmony with nature. The sacred beliefs of many tribes are largely formulated and expressed in sayings and narratives having some resemblance to the legends of European peoples. There are available large collections of these tales and myths from the Blackfoot, Crow, Nez Perce, Assiniboine, Gros Ventre, Arapaho, Arikara, Pawnee, Omaha, Northern Shoshone, and others. In these, much interesting information can be found."
},
{
"docid": "D3559511#0",
"title": "http://biblescripture.net/Indians.html\nTHE NATIVE AMERICAN INDIANS",
"text": "\"THE NATIVE AMERICAN INDIANSTHE NATIVE AMERICAN INDIANSThe Native Americans are the first inhabitants of the Americas. They view nature as Mother Earth. To them the spirit world is embodied in every part of the natural world, whether animal, vegetable, or mineral. They became our first environmentalists and horticulturists. Native Americans first survived as big-game hunters and as fishermen. The Indians were excellent fishermen and invented the birch-bark canoe. It was not long before they became agricultural, adapting to climate changes and the discovery of the plant maize (corn). First harvesting wild plants with edible seeds, they gradually developed hybrids to increase productivity. Soon, maize, squash, and beans became major agricultural products. The history of the Native Americans is a fascinating subject."
},
{
"docid": "D1110112#0",
"title": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Idaho\nList of counties in Idaho",
"text": "\"List of counties in Idaho From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search There are 44 counties in the U. S. state of Idaho. Alphabetical list [ change | change source]County FIPS code [1]County seat [2]Established [2] Origin [3] Meaning of name [4]Population [2] [5] Area [2] [5] Map Ada County 001 Boise1864 Boise County Ada Riggs, daughter of H. C. Riggs, a member of the Idaho Territorial Legislature. 300,904 1,055 sq mi ( 2,732 km 2)Adams County003 Council1911 Washington County John Adams (1735-1826), second President of the United States (1797-1801). 3,476 1,365 sq mi ( 3,535 km 2)Bannock County005 Pocatello1893 Bingham County Bannock Native American tribe. 75,565 1,113 sq mi ( 2,883 km 2)Bear Lake County007 Paris1893 Oneida County Bear Lake on the Utah/Idaho border. 6,411 971 sq mi ( 2,515 km 2)Benewah County009 St. Maries1915 Kootenai County Benewah, chief of the Coeur d'Alene Tribe9,171 776 sq mi ( 2,010 km 2)Bingham County011 Blackfoot1885 Oneida County Henry H. Bingham (1841-1912), a general in the American Civil War and a U. S. Congressman from Pennsylvania. 41,735 2,095 sq mi ( 5,426 km 2)Blaine County013 Hailey1895Alturas County James G. Blaine (1830-1893), United States Secretary of State (1881, 1889-1892). 18,991 2,645 sq mi ( 6,851 km 2)Boise County015 Idaho City1864 Original county Boise River6,670 1,902 sq mi ( 4,926 km 2)Bonner County017 Sandpoint1907 Kootenai County Edwin L. Bonner, originator of 1864 ferry service on the Kootenai River. 36,835 1,738 sq mi ( 4,501 km 2)Bonneville County019 Idaho Falls1911 Bingham County Benjamin Bonneville (1796-1878), a French -born explorer of the western United States. 82,522 1,869 sq mi ( 4,841 km 2)Boundary County021Bonners Ferry1915 Bonner Borders Canada on the north."
},
{
"docid": "D3218022#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cow_Island,_Missouri_Breaks,_Eastern_Montana\nCow Island, Montana",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Cow Island, Missouri Breaks, Eastern Montana)navigation search For other places with the same name, see Cow Island. Coordinates: 47°46′20″N 108°56′52″WCow Island lies in a left turning bend of the Missouri River, in the area known as the Missouri River Breaks. The island is formed by sediments that are seasonally washed out from the mouths of Cow Creek and Bull Creek, which enter the Missouri River just upstream from Cow Island. The island is about 1.2 miles long and averages about 150 yards in width. It is located in extreme northern Fergus County, but lies across the river from extreme southern Blaine County, to its east. Cow Island was significant in Montana's pre- and early history period as a Missouri River ford, and during the segment of Montana territorial history from about the mid-1860s to the mid-1880s, when it was used as a trans-shipment point for freight going upstream by steamboat to Fort Benton Montana. Cow Island's historic significance is related to its geographic location. Access to the Missouri River was difficult along a 200-mile stretch of river, because the Missouri breaks form a barrier to travel on each side of the river. However, a travel route known as the Cow Island Trail went north from Cow Island up Cow Creek, by-passing the breaks and emerging onto the Montana plains. This outlet through the Missouri Breaks caused Cow Island to be utilized as a historic Missouri River ford in the Missouri Breaks area."
},
{
"docid": "D2322560#0",
"title": "http://www.ducksters.com/geography/us_states/idaho_history.php\nIdaho",
"text": "Advertisement History >> US Geography >> US State History Idaho State History Native Americans People have lived in the land of Idaho for thousands of years. When the Europeans arrived there were two major Native American tribes in the region: the Nez Perce in the north and the Shoshone to the south. Both tribes lived similar lifestyles. For food they hunted animals such as deer and buffalo, fished the rivers, and planted corn and beans. They lived in tepees, which were easy to transport when they were following buffalo herds. Owyhee Mountains, Idaho from the USDAEuropeans Arrive Because of its remote location, Idaho was one of the last of the lower 48 U. S. states to be visited by Europeans. In 1805, explorers Lewis and Clark entered Idaho on their way to the Pacific Ocean. They met with both the Shoshone and the Nez Perce peoples. Their guide was Sacagawea, a Shoshone Indian they had met in North Dakota. Soon after, fur traders moved into the area including Andrew Henry who built Fort Henry in 1810."
},
{
"docid": "D736810#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nez_Perce_language\nNez Perce language",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. ( May 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Nez Perce Niimiipuutímt Native to United States Region Idaho Ethnicity 610 Nez Perce people (2000 census) [1]Native speakers a handful of elders on Nez Perce and Colville Reservations (2007) [1]Language family Plateau Penutian Sahaptian Nez Perce Language codes ISO 639-3 nez Glottolog nezp1238 [2]Nez Perce, also spelled Nez Percé or called Niimi'ipuutímt, is a Sahaptian language related to the several dialects of Sahaptin (note the spellings -ian vs. -in ). Nez Perce comes from the French word, \"\"pierced nose,\"\" but Nez Perce, who call themeselves Nimipu, meaning \"\"the people,\"\" did not pierce their nose. [ 3] That may have occurred as a result of confusion on behalf of the French, as it was surrounding tribes who did so. [ 3]The Sahaptian sub-family is one of the branches of the Plateau Penutian family (which, in turn, may be related to a larger Penutian grouping). It is spoken by the Nez Perce people of the Northwestern United States. Nez Perce is a highly- endangered language. While sources differ on the exact number of fluent speakers, it is almost definitely under 100. The Nez Perce tribe is endeavoring to reintroduce the language into native usage through a language revitalization program, but (as of 2015) the future of the Nez Perce language is far from assured. ["
},
{
"docid": "D416536#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/1864390/apush-chapter-26-flash-cards/\nAPUSH Chapter 26",
"text": "\"100 terms ssaraj543APUSH Chapter 26Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sortbonanza farms large farms that came to dominate agricultural life in much of the West in the late 1800s; instead of plots farmed by yeoman farmers, large amounts of machinery were used, and workers were hired laborers, often performing only specific tasks (similar to work in a factory). Coxey's Army Supporters of Ohio populist Jacob Coxey who in 1894 marched on Washington, demanded that the government create jobs for the unemployed; although this group had no effect whatsoever on policy, it did demonstrate the social and economic impact of the Panic of 1893. Populist party formed in 1892 by members of the Farmer's Alliance, this party was designed to appeal to workers in all parts of the country. Populists favored a larger role of government in American Society, a progressive income tax, and more direct methods of democracy. Farmer's Alliance organization that united farmers at the statewide and regional level; policy goals of this organization included more readily available farm credits and federal regulation of the railroads.tight money policy that took paper money used during the Civil War out of circulation. Sitting Bull One of the leaders of the Sioux tribe. He was a medicine man \"\" as wily as he was influential.\"\" He became a prominent Indian leader during the Sioux Was from 1876-1877. ( The war was touched off when a group of miners rushed into the Black Hills of South Dakota in 1875.) The well-armed warriors at first proved to be a superior force."
},
{
"docid": "D1752724#0",
"title": "http://content.lib.washington.edu/aipnw/buerge2.html\nChief Seattle and Chief Joseph: From Indians to Icons",
"text": "\"Home » American Indians of the Pacific Northwest Collection » Essays » Chief Seattle and Chief Joseph: From Indians to Icons Chief Seattle and Chief Joseph: From Indians to Icons Browse Images Browse Documents Topical Essays Maps Sample Searches Arts Dwellings Education Potlatches Transportation Treaties Work Project Information Acknowledgements How to Order Copyrights Contacts Project Overview Final Project Report Site Technology1998 LC/Ameritech Grant Proposal Essay by David M. Buerge TOPICS: Introduction Chief Seattle Chief Joseph Legacy SPEECHES: Early Reminiscences My First Reception in Seattle The Surrender of Joseph Bibliography Study Questions About the Author Introduction Of all the Native Americans who lived or are living in the Pacific Northwest, two who enjoy the most recognition are Chief Seattle and Chief Joseph. Seattle was the Lushootseed leader after whom the city of Seattle was named, the largest city to be so honored. Joseph was chief of the Wallowa band of the Nez Perce and a leader of the Nez Perce during their desperate, daring 1877 war with the United States. Both were noted orators. The Pacific Northwest remains remote from the rest of the country, but here, as elsewhere, Native Americans figure prominently in its unfolding history. Coyote of Columbia River mythology still animates our folklore. The Spokane prophet Circling Raven announced the imminent arrival of a new people and leaders like the Nuu-chah-nulth headman Maquinna and one-eyed Concomly of the Chinooks impressed fur traders enough to earn prominence in early narrative histories of the region. In 1831, the Nez Perce were among the group making the portentious trip to St. Louis seeking information about the white man's religion. When trade and missionary work turned to conquest, the bravery and sagacity of Kamiakin of the Yakama, Moses of the Middle Columbia Salish, and Leschi of the Nisquallies commanded respect from friend and foe alike. The Wanapam prophet Smohalla kept religious traditions alive east of the Cascades while John and Mary Slocum inspired a religious fervor on upper Puget Sound that developed into the Indian Shaker Church."
},
{
"docid": "D637651#0",
"title": "https://www.facebook.com/NezPerceCountyHistoricalSocietyIncMuseum\n.",
"text": "\"Home About Photos Reviews Events Posts Community See more of Nez Perce County Historical Society on Facebook Log Inor Create New Account See more of Nez Perce County Historical Society on Facebook Log In Forgot account?or Create New Account Not Now Community See All1,272 people like this1,271 people follow this About See All0306 3rd St (117.40 mi) Lewiston, Idaho 83501Get Directions (208) 743-2535www.nezpercecountymuseum.org History Museum · Nonprofit Organization · Educational Research Center Price Range $Opens tomorrow Closed Now People1,272 likes52 visits People Also Like Visit Lewis Clark Valley Tourist Information Center Historic Lewiston, Idaho Book Series Beautiful Downtown Lewiston Community Organization History Museums in Lewiston, Idaho Pages liked by this Page Pepsi-Cola Bottling Building in the Past Masters Body Works, Inc - Lewiston, IDPlaces Lewiston, Idaho Educational Research Center Nez Perce County Historical Society English (US) · Español · Português (Brasil) · Français (France) · Deutsch Privacy · Terms · Advertising · Ad Choices · Cookies ·More Facebook © 2018Photos See All Reviews4.98 Reviews Tell people what you think Ginny Lee Howard· August 13, 2016Thankful for the hard work and many hours spent in the efforts retaining history. See All Posts Nez Perce County Historical Society shared Steven Branting 's post. Yesterday at 1:15pm ·Great article in the Nostalgia Magazine by Steve Branting, Lewiston Historian. Steven Branting shared Garrin Hertel 's post to the group: You're Probably from Lewiston and Clarkston if... Open Edition. April 9 at 7:42pm ·Garrin Hertel shared a link to the group: North Idaho History. April 9 at 6:54pm ·Now available online: Steven Branting 's newest article in Nostalgia Magazine. \"\" Leo Tolstoy began his novel Anna Karenina by saying: 'Happy families are all alik ... e; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.' Gussie’s family was a frequent dumpster fire.\"\" Read on for a remarkable tale of a hot mess from Lewiston, Idaho around the turn of the twentieth century. See More A Taste For Playing With Fire: Gussie Bollinger Loved Not Wisely, But Too Well – Nostalgia Magazine A Taste For Playing With Fire: Gussie Bollinger Loved Not Wisely, But Too Well Category Crime and Mayhem Posted on April 9, 2018Author Steven Branting Leave a comment By Steven Branting Since 2000, many of this country’s leading history, geography and preservation organizations — including the Americ...nostalgiamagazine.net Nez Perce County Historical Society added 14 new photos."
},
{
"docid": "D479892#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appaloosa\nAppaloosa",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other uses, see Appaloosa (disambiguation). Appaloosa Appaloosa horse Country of origin United States Traits Distinguishing features Most representatives have colorful spotted coat patterns, striped hooves, mottled skin and white sclera visible around the iris when the eye is in a normal position. Breed standards Appaloosa Horse Club Equus ferus caballus The Appaloosa is an American horse breed best known for its colorful spotted coat pattern. There is a wide range of body types within the breed, stemming from the influence of multiple breeds of horses throughout its history. Each horse's color pattern is genetically the result of various spotting patterns overlaid on top of one of several recognized base coat colors. The color pattern of the Appaloosa is of interest to those who study equine coat color genetics, as it and several other physical characteristics are linked to the leopard complex mutation (LP). Appaloosas are prone to develop equine recurrent uveitis and congenital stationary night blindness; the latter has been linked to the leopard complex. Artwork depicting prehistoric horses with leopard spotting exists in prehistoric cave paintings in Europe. Images of domesticated horses with leopard spotting patterns appeared in artwork from Ancient Greece and Han dynasty China through the early modern period; the Nez Perce people of what today is the United States Pacific Northwest developed the original American breed. Appaloosas were once referred to by settlers as the \"\"Palouse horse\"\", possibly after the Palouse River, which ran through the heart of Nez Perce country."
},
{
"docid": "D1408215#0",
"title": "https://www.monticello.org/site/families-and-teachers/thomas-jefferson-and-lewis-and-clark-expedition\nThomas Jefferson and the Lewis and Clark Expedition",
"text": "\"Thomas Jefferson and the Lewis and Clark Expedition Long before he became the third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson had dreamed of sending explorers across North America. When Jefferson took office in 1801, most of the United States population lived within 50 miles of the Atlantic Ocean. Knowledge of the western part of the continent was limited to what had been learned from French traders and fur trappers and Spanish and British explorers. On January 18, 1803, President Jefferson sent a secret letter to Congress asking for $2,500 to fund an expedition to the Pacific Ocean. He hoped to establish trade with the Native American people of the West and find a water route to the Pacific. Jefferson also was fascinated by the prospect of what could be learned about the geography of the West, the lives and languages of the Native Americans, the plants and animals, the soil, the rocks, the weather, and how they differed from those in the East. President Jefferson's choice to lead an expedition was Meriwether Lewis, his former secretary and a fellow native of Albemarle County, Virginia. Having reached the rank of captain in the U. S. Army, Lewis possessed military discipline and experience that would prove invaluable. While in the Army, Lewis had served in a rifle company commanded by William Clark. It was Clark whom Lewis chose to assist him in leading this U. S. Army expedition, commonly known today as the \"\"Corps of Discovery.\"\""
},
{
"docid": "D472293#0",
"title": "https://lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/item/lc.sup.ronda.01.07\nLewis & Clark among the Indians 7. Down the Columbia",
"text": "\"\"\"Our Situation well calculated to defend our selves from any designs of the natives, Should they be enclined to attack us. \"\"— William Clark, 1805When Lewis and Clark pulled out of the Nez Perce Clearwater villages in boats in early October, they were moving toward worlds wholly unlike any they had yet experienced. In the next two months the expedition left the mountains and ponderosa pines of the plateau and sailed through the awesome and seemingly desolate Columbia Plain. Navigating hazardous rivers, the Corps of Discovery paddled the Clearwater to the Snake and on at last to the Columbia. Driven to reach the western sea before winter and challenged by treacherous white water, Lewis and Clark had little time to describe the dark-walled canyons and treeless plains around them. But in one memorable passage, Clark tried to capture something of the strange landscape. \"\" The face of the Countrey on both Side of the river above and about the falls,\"\" wrote the captain, \"\"is Steep ruged and rockey open and contain but a Small preportion of herbage, no timber a fiew bushes excepted.\"\" [ 1] But below the Cascades of the Columbia the terrain and climate once again changed dramatically. Rain, fog, and dense ground cover all signaled that Lewis and Clark had at last reached a marine environment. They were in territory that received more than sixty inches of rain annually, more than six times the amount that fell on the land they had seen around The Dalles."
},
{
"docid": "D2310095#0",
"title": "http://www.nezperce.org/History/FrequentlyAskedQ.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Table of Contents What did the Nez Perce people eat before contact with white men? Where did the Nez Perce live before contact with white men and where do they live now? How was the Nez Perce Tribe organized and governed? What did the Nez Perce people wear? What kind of shelter did the Nez Perce people have? Give some examples of the kinds of tools the Nez Perce people used? What is the population of the Nez Perce Tribe? And what was it at the time the white man first encountered the Nez Perce? Were the Nez Perce people nomadic? In early history were the Nez Perce people peaceful or warlike?"
},
{
"docid": "D1615033#0",
"title": "http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/h46-am3.htm\nAmerican Indians and Western Expansion, 1850-81",
"text": "\"home | 18-19th centuries index The UNITED STATES, 1865-1900 (3 of 3)previous | next American Indians and Western Expansion, 1850-81The plains Indians had been hunters, and hunting societies had been sparsely populated, occupying the large amount of land needed to sustain them. By the mid-1800s the Indians were hopelessly outnumbered by the whites. Farming societies were much more densely populated than hunting societies, and the US had modern farming techniques and manufacturing. Moreover, it had a political unity that the Indians lacked. In short, it had more power than the Indians. The question was how it would use that power vis-à-vis the Indians. Across history, those who were expanding had a poor record regarding respect for the less powerful – the Japanese against the Ainu, for example, or the Spanish against the Indians of Mexico, or the colonists along the Atlantic coast of North America in the 1600s. The US had laws on how citizens were supposed to treat each other, and they established treaties with the Indians, but what they lacked in general, in the 1800s, was enough respect for the Indians to enforce those treaties with the same vigor that they enforced laws within the United States, in other words to leave the Indians as they were and with their right to their own territory. In California in 1850, it is said, the Indian population was around 100,000 – the kind of estimate that is always questionable. By 1850 the Gold Rush had been underway for a year."
},
{
"docid": "D2396257#0",
"title": "http://www.inthebeginning.com/articles/joseph.htm\nChief Joseph",
"text": "\"The Nez Perce tribe of Indians, like other tribes too large to be united under one chief, was composed of several bands, each distinct in sovereignty. It was a loose confederacy. Joseph and his people occupied the Imnaha or Grande Ronde valley in Oregon, which was considered perhaps the finest land in that part of the country. When the last treaty was entered into by some of the bands of the Nez Perce, Joseph's band was at Lapwai, Idaho, and had nothing to do with the agreement. The elder chief in dying had counseled his son, then not more than twenty-two or twenty-three years of age, never to part with their home, assuring him that he had signed no papers. These peaceful non-treaty Indians did not even know what land had been ceded until the agent read them the government order to leave. Of course they refused. You and I would have done the same. When the agent failed to move them, he and the would-be settlers called upon the army to force them to be good, namely, without a murmur to leave their pleasant inheritance in the hands of a crowd of greedy grafters. General O. O. Howard, the Christian soldier, was sent to do the work."
},
{
"docid": "D448342#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Idaho\nList of counties in Idaho",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search See also: List of United States counties and county-equivalents Counties of Idaho Ada Adams Ban- nock Bear Lake Bene- wah Bingham Blaine Boise Bonner Bonneville Boundary Butte Camas Can- yon Caribou Cassia Clark Clearwater Custer Elmore Frank- lin Fremont Gem Good- ing Idaho Jeffer- son Jerome Koote- nai Latah Lemhi Lewis Lincoln Madi- son Mini- doka Nez Perce Oneida Owyhee Pay- ette Power Shoshone Te- ton Twin Falls Valley Wash- ington Location State of Idaho Number 44Populations 982 ( Clark) – 392,365 ( Ada)Areas 408 square miles (1,060 km 2) ( Payette) – 8,485 square miles (21,980 km 2) ( Idaho)Government County government Subdivisions cities, towns, townships, unincorporated communities, indian reservations, census designated place There are 44 counties in the U. S. state of Idaho. The Idaho Territory was organized in March 1863, and Owyhee County was the first county in the territory to be organized, in December of that year. Oneida County was organized in January 1864, while Missoula County was adopted the same month, before becoming part of the new Montana Territory in May. Shoshone, Nez Perce, Idaho and Boise Counties were recognized in February 1864; Alturas County was organized the same month. In December 1864, Kootenai and Ada Counties were created; Lah-Toh County was also created at this time but was abolished in 1867. Idaho's present-day boundaries were established in 1868, and Lemhi County was created the following year. By the time Idaho was admitted to the Union as the 43rd state in 1890, a further eight counties had been created, bringing the total to 18. After Canyon, Fremont and Bannock Counties had been created, Alturas and Logan Counties were merged to form Blaine County in March 1895; Lincoln County was formed out of Blaine County later the same month. Bonner and Twin Falls Counties were created in 1907, before a further 21 counties were created between 1911 and 1919, bringing the total to the present-day 44. Since 1945, each county has used a code on its license plates that features the first letter of the county's name. Where the names of two or more counties start with the same letter, in each of these counties the letter is preceded by a number indicating that county's order in the alphabetical list."
},
{
"docid": "D2303115#0",
"title": "http://www.horsechannel.com/horse-breeds/profiles/appaloosa-horse-horse-breed.aspx\nAppaloosa HORSE STATS",
"text": "Appaloosa HORSE STATSCountry of Origin: North America Use today: Today, Appaloosas can be found at gaming events, horse shows and on the trail. Color: With coat patterns, countless numbers of color and pattern combinations exist. Height: 14.2 to 16 hands Photos Videos Club Horse What's this? Appaloosa HORSE PROFILEProfile: The Spanish introduced horses to Mexico in the 1500s, and spotted horses have been depicted in images as far back as prehistoric cave paintings. However, it wasn’t until the 1700s when horses first reached Northwest America that horses with Appaloosa coloring gained recognition in the United States. The Nez Perce tribe of American Indians helped propel this recognition. Originally sedentary fishers, the Nez Perce tribe soon discovered the mobility and power that horses could bring. With their yet-unnamed Appaloosa horses, they soon became notorious for their hunting skills and craftsmanship. In reference to the Palouse River nearby, settlers began referring to the spotted Nez Perce horses as “a Palouse Horse,” later “Palousey,” “Appalousey” and eventually “Appaloosa.” The Nez Perce war of 1877 resulted in the Appaloosa herds being dispersed throughout the West."
},
{
"docid": "D1894848#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Indian_Wars\nAmerican Indian Wars",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Indian Wars\"\" redirects here. For wars fought by India, see List of wars involving India. For the Miami Vice episode, see List of Miami Vice episodes. American Indian Wars An 1899 chromolithograph of US cavalry pursuing American Indians, artist unknown Date 1540–1924 ( intermittent)Location United States, Canada Result Sovereignty of various combatants extended or lost Many treaties, truces, and armistices made and broken by combatants Indian reservations in the United States and Canada established Belligerents American Indians (1540–1924) First Nations (1540–1924) Métis (1799–1924) Provisional Government of Saskatchewan (1885) Spanish Empire (1540–1821) Kingdom of France (1540–1763) Inuit (1540–1924) Yupik (1540–1924) Aleut (1540–1924) Kingdom of England (1607–1707) Kingdom of Scotland (1621–1707) British Empire (1707–1867) Dutch Empire (1614–64) Swedish Empire (1638–55) Russian Empire (1733–1867) United States of America (1776–1924) Vermont Republic (1777–91) Republic of West Florida (1810) Mexico (1821-1867) Republic of Texas (1836–46) California Republic (1846) Confederate States of America (1861-65) Dominion of Canada (1867–1924)The American Indian Wars, or Indian Wars is the collective name for the various armed conflicts fought by European governments and colonists, and later the United States government and American settlers, against the native peoples of North America. These conflicts occurred within the current boundaries of the United States and Canada from the time of the earliest colonial settlements in the 17th century until the 1920s. The Indian Wars resulted from competition for resources and land ownership as European and later American and Canadian settlers encroached onto territory which had been traditionally inhabited by Native Americans. European powers and the United States also enlisted Native American tribes to help them conduct warfare against each other's settlements and their Native American allies. After the American Revolution of 1776, many conflicts were local to specific states or regions, and frequently involved disputes over land use; some entailed cycles of violent reprisal. The British Royal Proclamation of 1763, now included in the Constitution of Canada, prohibiting white settlers from taking the lands of Indigenous peoples in Canada without signing a treaty with them. The Royal Proclamation was a major cause of the American Revolution since it prohibited American white settlers from seizing native land without signing a peace treaty with them."
},
{
"docid": "D2893134#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/84981893/history-exam-review-flash-cards/\nHistory Exam Review",
"text": "\"122 terms emily_banks30History Exam Review Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort PNW states washington, oregon, and idaho Mt. St. Helans Geologists believe that Mt. St. Helens has had at least 14 lava eruptions Average: one every 1000 years The rainshawdow effect ...6 major geographical regions of the PNW ... Migrational hypotheses - ice bridge They could of just walked. -land bridge -continental shelf Walked across on land - Kon Tiki Rafts came into a canoe - Ra Rafts came into a canoe Reasons for migration - in search of food - milder climate - a better and saver environment - for adventure - driven there Native american- coastal and plateua plateau- nomadic, lived in tepees, good gatherers and hunters, got in more fights, valued bravery, courage and valor. respected those who were wise and made good decisions coastal- permanent, lived in long houses, wore special hats because it rained a lot, valued possession wealth Tribal structure/Shaman chief, the shamn, the rest usually decided by wealth, the lowest is always slaves Makah Indians/ Whaling ... Fur Trade (markets and groups that trapped) Fur Trade (When it happened and why) - 1780s-1840s. They traded because they were wiling to pay high prices for fashionable prices4 countries that explored the PNW 4 countries that explored the PNW - Spain, Great Britain, Russia, United States NW passage Northwest Passage - actively sought by European and Americans land and sea explorers; quicker route to china; all water route Line of demarcation Line of Demarcation - line in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean established in 1494 by the Pope Clement of the Catholic Church Lewis and Clark Lewis and Clark (Expedition)- first major over land exploration. important fate in PNW American history 1804 - 1806Whitman Massacre Whitman Massacre - November 29 1847, 15 killed and many captured by Cayuse Indians; a very significant historical event; Oregon territory created in March 1848Protestant and Catholic Missionaries Protestant vs. Catholic Missionaries (Not successful vs. Successful) 1) Catholic- most prominent include Blanchet, Demers, De Smet, and Ravilli; techniques most successful over all. 2 ( Protestant- Presbyterian and Methodist missionaries, established missions in Puget Sound and Willamette areas plus the interior; unsuccessful overall. Reasons to go west start a new life, personal adventure, follow friends and family, developing free land Oregon Trail Oregon Trail - Independence, Westport landing, and St. Joseph were popular places that people came from. They planned to travel all the way to Oregon."
},
{
"docid": "D1645520#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/55498966/the-louisiana-purchase-and-lewis-and-clark-flash-cards/\nThe Louisiana Purchase and Lewis and Clark",
"text": "\"78 terms acbruce The Louisiana Purchase and Lewis and Clark Westward expansion sped up after the United States won its independence. The Louisiana Purchase almost doubled the size of the United States, and the Lewis and Clark expedition provided Americans with new knowledge of the West. Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Most of the one million settlers that lived between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River were what? farmers How were crops/goods shipped and why? They shipped their crops down the Mississippi to the port at New Orleans; because there were few roads to the West Which country controlled the Mississippi and New Orleans? Spain What did Spain threaten and what was negotiated to prevent the threat from happening? to close the port to American ships; Pinckney Treaty What did the Pinckney Treaty do? guaranteed Americans the right to ship goods down the Mississippi to New Orleans."
}
] |
620238
|
what did the nineteenth amendment accomplish?
|
[
{
"docid": "D133391#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution\nNineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is part of a series on the Constitution of the United States of America Preamble and Articles of the Constitution Preamble I II III IV V VI VIIAmendments to the Constitution Bill of Rights I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX XXI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX XXXXI XXII XXIII XXIV XXV XXVI XXVIIUnratified Amendments Congressional Apportionment Titles of Nobility Corwin Child Labor Equal Rights D. C. Voting Rights History Drafting and ratification timeline Convention Signing Federalism Republicanism Full text of the Constitution and Amendments Preamble and Articles I–VII Amendments I–XAmendments XI–XXVIIUnratified Amendments United States portal U. S. Government portal Law portal Wikipedia bookv t e The Nineteenth Amendment ( Amendment XIX) to the United States Constitution prohibits the states and the federal government from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex. It was adopted on August 18, 1920. Until the 1910s, most states did not give women the right to vote. The amendment was the culmination of the women's suffrage movement in the United States, which fought at both state and national levels to achieve the vote. It effectively overruled Minor v. Happersett, in which a unanimous Supreme Court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment did not give women the right to vote. The Nineteenth Amendment was originally introduced in Congress in 1878 by Senator Aaron A. Sargent. Forty-one years later, in 1919, Congress submitted it to the states for ratification. It was ratified by three-fourths of the states a year later, with Tennessee 's ratification being the last needed to add the amendment to the Constitution. In Leser v. Garnett (1922), the Supreme Court rejected claims that the amendment was unconstitutionally adopted. Contents [ hide ]1 Text2 Background3 Proposal and ratification3.1 Ratification timeline4 Leser v. Garnett5 Effects6 Commemoration7 See also8 Notes9 References9.1 Footnotes9.2 Bibliography10 External links Text The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1601105#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/30107432/us-history-since-1877-final-flash-cards/\nU.S History Since 1877 ( final)",
"text": "\"387 terms Jessica_Carrell U. S History Since 1877 ( final)Chapters 16-31Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort The immediate cause for American entry into World War I was the German resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare. By 1915, the Central Powers consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria. Which of the following statements most accurately describes changes in the lives of Mexican Americans during World War I? Political instability in Mexico caused many Mexicans to relocate to the United States. In order to build the Panama Canal, the United States lent covert assistance to free Panama from Columbia. After the explosion of the battleship Maine, a U. S. naval board of inquiry blamed the sinking on a mine. Herbert Hoover emerged from World War I as one of the nation's most admired men because of his leadership of the Food Administration A lasting legacy of America's participation in World War I was woman suffrage Which of the following world leaders was absent from the Versailles Treaty negotiations? Vladimir Ilyich Lenin of Soviet Russia. The \"\"Great Migration\"\" refers to African Americans moving from the South to the North during the war. In its major initial contribution to the war effort of World War I, the United States used armed convoys to secure Allied shipping against submarine attack."
},
{
"docid": "D3172657#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_19th_Amendment_accomplish\nWhat is the effect of the 19th amendment?",
"text": "Lexii 101 1 Contribution What is the effect of the 19th amendment? Answer . This amendment gave women the right to vote. What does the 19th amendment state? Basically it States that women get the same rights as men do. Zephr09 2 Contributions What did the 19th amendment do?it gave women the right to vote Zonka 8,231 Contributions What is the 19th amendment? It states women have the right to vote. Abulafia 853 Contributions What is the historical purpose of the 19th Amendment?\\n The 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote (August 26, 1920. ) Hut77612hj828ugi 7,572 Contributions Where did the 19th amendment start? The 19th Amendment, passed by Congress in 1919, and ratified in 1920, ultimately gave women the right to vote."
},
{
"docid": "D1193143#0",
"title": "https://www.scribd.com/doc/174906073/Ch-15-study-guide\nï· ï·",
"text": "\" Question 1 1 out of 1 points In 1868, Ulysses S. Grant Answer Selected Answer:entered the White House with no political experience. Correct Answer:entered the White House with no political experience. Response Feedback:correct Brinkley - Chapter 15 #31 Page: 424Question 2 1 out of 1 points All of the following were involved in scandals during the Grant administration EXCEPT Answer Selected Answer: President Ulysses Grant. Correct Answer: President Ulysses Grant. Response Feedback:correct Brinkley - Chapter 15 #32 Page: 424Question 3 1 out of 1 points Despite defeat in the Civil War, white landownership actually increased during Reconstruction. Answer Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Response Feedback: False Falsecorrect Brinkley - Chapter 15 #73 Page: 421Question 4 1 out of 1 points As sharecroppers, the black labor force in the South worked hours that were just as long as had been the case under slavery. Answer Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Response Feedback: False Falsecorrect Brinkley - Chapter 15 #75 Page: 423Question 5 1 out of 1 points Segregation of the races in the late nineteenth-century South resulted in declining violence against blacks. Answer Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Response Feedback: False Falsecorrect Brinkley - Chapter 15 #91 Page: 439Question 6 1 out of 1 points In the late nineteenth century, Social Darwinists argued that people who failed economically in the United States did so because Answer Selected Answer:they were not fit enough to survive in the market. Correct Answer:they were not fit enough to survive in the market. Response Feedback:correct Brinkley - Chapter 17 #26 Page: 481Question 7 1 out of 1 points In his books, Horatio Alger Answer Selected Answer:emphasized the value of personal character in business."
},
{
"docid": "D1844417#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/14924378/us-history-chapter-20-flash-cards/\nUS History - Chapter 20",
"text": "\"113 terms daretobe US History - Chapter 20Rise of Progressivism Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort\"\"New Freedom\"\" Wilson's Progressive program that said bigness was unjust and inefficient, and that te proper response to monopoly was to destory (not regulate) it16th Amendment Amendment to the United States Constitution (1913) gave Congress the power to tax income. Federal Trade Commission Act created a regulatory agency that would help businesses determine in advance whether their actions would be acceptable to the gov. -also have authority to launch prosecutions against unfair trade practices and it would have wide power to investigate corporate behavior Federal Reserve Act This Act, passed in 1913 during Wilson's administration, established the Federal Reserve System, commonly known as the \"\"Fed.\"\" The Federal Reserve System is still the central bank of the United States and is charged with the responsibility of developing and administering monetary and credit policies for the nation. The Fed provides the nation with central banking functions that include handling of government deposits, managing the federal debt, and supervising and regulating private banks. Its most important function in terms of the nation's economic well-being is that of determining the supply of money and credit in the system. Underwood-Simmons Tariff Wilson's tariff that provided cuts to introduce competition into American markets and break the power of trusts. It also led to the implementation of a graduated income tax\"\"New Freedom\"\" Woodrow Wilson's program in his campaign for the presidency in 1912, the New Freedom emphasized business competition and small government."
},
{
"docid": "D418032#0",
"title": "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Amendment+(U.S.+Constitution)\nConstitutional Amendment",
"text": "\"Constitutional Amendment (redirected from Amendment (U. S. Constitution))Constitutional Amendment The means by which an alteration to the U. S. Constitution, whether a modification, deletion, or addition, is accomplished. Article V of the U. S. Constitution establishes the means for amending that document according to a two-step procedure: proposal of amendments, followed by ratification. Amendments may be proposed in two ways: by a two-thirds vote of both houses of Congress or by a special conventionsummoned by Congress on the petition of two-thirds (34) of the state legislatures. In the long history of the U. S. Constitution, over 5,000 amendments have been introduced in Congress. Only 33 of these have been formally proposed by Congress, and none has ever beenproposed by a special convention. No matter which method is used for the proposal of a constitutional amendment, Congress retainsthe power to decide what method will be used for ratification: approval of three-fourths (38) of thestate legislatures, or approval of three-fourths (38) of special state conventions. Congress may alsoplace other restrictions, such as a limited time frame, on ratification. Of the 33 amendments proposed by Congress, 27 were ratified. Of the amendments ratified, onlyone—the Twenty-First Amendment, which repealed a Prohibition on alcohol—was ratified by thestate convention method. The rest have been ratified by three-fourths of the state legislatures."
},
{
"docid": "D3540334#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090506140559AA2le5T\nHow did WWI affect women's suffrage in the United States?",
"text": "\"Arts & Humanities History How did WWI affect women's suffrage in the United States? I won't lie, you're doing my homework haha1 following 9 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Women's suffrage in the United States ~From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://www.ask.com/bar?q=History+of+Wome... Beginnings Lydia Chapin (Taft) (February 2, 1712 – November 9, 1778) was a forerunner of women's suffrage in Colonial America. She was the first woman legally allowed to vote in colonial America. After the death of her wealthy husband and elder son left the family without an adult heir, she was granted this right by the town meeting of Uxbridge, Massachusetts in 1756. For the great majority of American women, voting rights were not granted. During the early part of the 19th century, agitation for equal suffrage was carried on by only a few individuals. The first of these was Frances Wright, a Scottish woman who came to the country in 1826 and advocated women's suffrage in an extensive series of lectures. In 1836 Ernestine Rose, a Polish woman, came to the country and carried on a similar campaign so effectively that she obtained a personal hearing before the New York Legislature, though her petition bore only five signatures. At about the same time, in 1840, Lucretia Mott and Margaret Fuller became active in Boston, the latter being the author of the book The Great Lawsuit; Man vs. Woman. In 1848, in upstate New York, the Seneca Falls Convention on women's rights was hosted by Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton; some 300 attended including Frederick Douglass, who stood up to speak in favor of women's suffrage to settle an inconclusive debate on the subject."
},
{
"docid": "D2443952#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/56223238/world-history-democratic-ideas-in-the-americas-flash-cards/\nWorld History: Democratic Ideas In the Americas",
"text": "\"40 terms mccormickm2598World History: Democratic Ideas In the Americas Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort American leaders sought to draft the Constitution as a new plan of government. Why had the previous plan failed? It created a confederation with weak central power. The ideas of the Enlightenment, including the concept of the social contract, influenced the American Revolution. Which of these statements best explains what a social contract is? People support the government in exchange for rights and protection. Which philosopher of the Enlightenment most influenced Thomas Jefferson when drafting the Declaration of Independence? John Locke In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson listed a series of grievances that colonists had against British rule."
},
{
"docid": "D1682709#0",
"title": "http://supreme.findlaw.com/legal-commentary/does-the-second-amendment-bind-the-states.html\nDoes the Second Amendment Bind the States?",
"text": "\"Does the Second Amendment Bind the States? By MICHAEL C. DORFWednesday, October 6, 2009In 2008, in District of Columbia v. Heller, the Supreme Court invalidated a Washington, D. C. handgun ban as applied to home possession by a law-abiding citizen. The 5-4 majority said that the Second Amendment protects an individual right to possess firearms for self-defense. Although recognizing the government's ability to regulate firearms possession, Justice Scalia's opinion for the Court found that a complete ban on handguns went too far. Heller involved the District of Columbia, an arm of the federal government. Accordingly, the case did not provide an opportunity for the Court to rule on whether the Second Amendment limits state and local gun control laws. Three Nineteenth Century precedents say that the Second Amendment does not limit state (or by implication, local) gun control laws. However, as the Heller Court observed in a footnote, those cases pre-date Twentieth Century cases setting forth the modern approach to determining which provisions of the Bill of Rights apply to the states. The Court thereby invited gun right advocates to challenge state and local laws. They readily accepted the invitation."
},
{
"docid": "D1174343#0",
"title": "https://www.jiskha.com/search/index.cgi?query=What+is+the+importance+of+the+Twenty-sixth+Amendment%3F\nWhat is the importance of the Twenty-sixth Amendment?",
"text": "\"What is the importance of the Twenty-sixth Amendment?3,636 results US History What is the importance of the Twenty-sixth Amendment? A. The voting age was lowered to the age of eighteen. B. It prohibits any poll tax in Federal officials' elections. C. Women were granted the right to vote. A right? Civics2. The Eighteenth Amendment, \"\"Prohibition,\"\" was reversed by the _______ Amendment. A. Twentieth B. Twenty-first C. Nineteenth D. Twenty-second B? Criminal Procedure Which of the following is a relevant constitutional amendment in criminal procedure? a)The Fourth Amendment b)Fifth Amendment c)Sixth Amendment D)None of the above I'm thinking b Fifth; or even d) which would be the Fourteenth Amendment."
},
{
"docid": "D1323306#0",
"title": "https://www.cato-unbound.org/2012/02/10/ryan-williams/substantive-due-process-historical-context\nSubstantive Due Process in Historical Context",
"text": "Timothy Sandefur argues that substantive due process makes sense. On this point, I fully agree. He further contends that “due process of law” in both its procedural and substantive dimensions can be explained by reference to the simple principle that government may not act “arbitrarily.” On this point, I am less convinced. One considerable difficulty with Mr. Sandefur’s argument is that he views “due process of law” as a unitary concept without giving sufficient attention to the fact that the Constitution contains two separate Due Process Clauses—the Fifth Amendment Due Process Clause, adopted in 1791, and the Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Clause, adopted in 1868. As I have previously argued, the generations that framed and ratified these two Due Process Clauses almost certainly did not share a common understanding of what “due process of law” required. In order to understand the constitutional guarantee of “due process of law,” it is therefore important to view both provisions in their full historical context, with particular focus on the public understandings of each provision at the time of its respective enactment. The English Origins of “Due Process of Law” “Due process” originated in 1215 with the English Magna Carta, an important provision of which was that no freeman would be deprived of certain rights except “by the judgment of his peers and by the law of the land.” This guarantee was later codified by Parliament in a series of statutes, one of which replaced “law of the land” with “due process of law.” Sir Edward Coke and other influential writers on English law declared the two phrases synonymous and this view was widely accepted by American courts and commentators during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries."
},
{
"docid": "D1499993#0",
"title": "http://www.notablebiographies.com/An-Ba/Anthony-Susan-B.html\nSusan B. Anthony Biography",
"text": "\"Susan B. Anthony Biography Follow City-Data.com founder on our Forum or @Lech Mazur Born: February 15, 1820 Adams, Massachusetts Died: March 13, 1906 Rochester, New York American women's rights activist, abolitionist, and women's suffrage leader Susan B. Anthony was an early leader of the American women's suffrage (right to vote) movement and a pioneer in the struggle to gain equality for women. As an active abolitionist, or opponent of slavery, she campaigned for the freedom of slaves. Early influences Susan Brownwell Anthony was born on February 15, 1820, in Adams, Massachusetts. She was the second of seven children born to Daniel and Lucy Read Anthony. Her father, the owner of a cotton mill, was a religious man who taught his children to show their love for God by working to help other people. Susan began attending a boarding school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1837. She left and began working as a teacher after growing debt forced her father to sell his business and move the family to a farm near Rochester, New York. Anthony continued teaching to help her family pay the bills until 1849, when her father asked her to come home to run the family farm so that he could spend more time trying to develop an insurance business. Many famous reformers, such as Frederick Douglass (1817–1895), William Lloyd Garrison (1805–1879), and Wendell Phillips (1811–1884), came to visit Anthony's father during this time. Hearing their discussions helped Susan form her strong views on slavery, women's rights, and temperance (the avoidance of alcohol)."
},
{
"docid": "D1864300#0",
"title": "https://billofrightsinstitute.org/educate/educator-resources/lessons-plans/current-events/voting-rights-in-america/\nVoting Rights in America",
"text": "Voting Rights in America Home / Educate / Educator Resources / Free Lesson Plans / Current Events e Lessons / Voting Rights in America Voting R ights in America A vote is the best way of getting the kindof country and the kind of world you want.–HARRY S. TRUMANThe history of the amendments to the Constitution is, in one sense, a history of the expansion of certain political freedoms, including voting. At the Founding of the United States, many groups, including landless white men, slaves, free blacks, and women, could not vote. Much has changed since then. Almost a third of the amendments added to the Constitution after the Bill of Rights was ratified concern the ability to vote. The Fifteenth Amendment granted the right to vote to former slaves and people of color. The Nineteenth Amendment gave the vote to women, while the Twenty-third, Twenty-fourth, and Twenty-sixth amendments gave representation to the District of Columbia, forbid poll taxes, and lowered the voting age to 18, respectively. The passage of each of these Amendments reflected a shift towards making voting a right of all citizens, and indeed a fundamental part of citizenship. Today, controversies hinge on how best to balance voter access with safeguards to ensure that fraud doesn’t undermine the sanctity of every individual’s vote. In this lesson, students will focus on the Fifteenth, Nineteenth, Twenty-third, Twenty-fourth and Twenty-sixth Amendments. Students will evaluate how each amendment increased political freedoms."
},
{
"docid": "D210170#0",
"title": "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Constitutional+Amendment\nConstitutional Amendment",
"text": "\"Constitutional Amendment Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Financial, Wikipedia . Constitutional Amendment The means by which an alteration to the U. S. Constitution, whether a modification, deletion, or addition, is accomplished. Article V of the U. S. Constitution establishes the means for amending that document according to a two-step procedure: proposal of amendments, followed by ratification. Amendments may be proposed in two ways: by a two-thirds vote of both houses of Congress or by a special conventionsummoned by Congress on the petition of two-thirds (34) of the state legislatures. In the long history of the U. S. Constitution, over 5,000 amendments have been introduced in Congress. Only 33 of these have been formally proposed by Congress, and none has ever beenproposed by a special convention. No matter which method is used for the proposal of a constitutional amendment, Congress retainsthe power to decide what method will be used for ratification: approval of three-fourths (38) of thestate legislatures, or approval of three-fourths (38) of special state conventions. Congress may alsoplace other restrictions, such as a limited time frame, on ratification. Of the 33 amendments proposed by Congress, 27 were ratified. Of the amendments ratified, onlyone—the Twenty-First Amendment, which repealed a Prohibition on alcohol—was ratified by thestate convention method."
},
{
"docid": "D527074#0",
"title": "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/19th+Amendment\nNineteenth Amendment",
"text": "\"Nineteenth Amendment (redirected from 19th Amendment) Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia . Nineteenth Amendment Suffragists march in a 1912 rally in New York City. In 1920, after decades of struggle for the right to vote, the Nineteenth Amendment's ratification granted femalesuffrage. LIBRARY OF CONGRESSThe Nineteenth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution reads: The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriatelegislation. The Nineteenth Amendment was enacted in 1920,after a 70-year struggle led by the women'ssuffrage movement. The groundwork for the suffrage movement waslaid in 1848 in Seneca Falls, New York, nowconsidered the birthplace of the women'smovement. Here Elizabeth Cady Stantondrafted the Declaration of Rights and Sentiments,which demanded voting rights, property rights,educational opportunities, and economic Equityfor women. Rather than face the difficult task of obtaining approval of an amendment to the U. S. Constitution from an all-male Congress preoccupied with the question of Slavery, the suffragists decided to focus theirattention on the separate states and seek state constitutional amendments. The state-by-state effortbegan in 1867 in Kansas with a Referendum to enfranchise women."
},
{
"docid": "D1082418#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American_Woman_Suffrage_Movement\nAfrican-American women's suffrage movement",
"text": "\"African-American women's suffrage movement From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from African-American Woman Suffrage Movement)navigation search As the women's suffrage movement gained popularity, African-American women were increasingly marginalized. [ 1] African-American women dealt not only with the sexism of being withheld the vote but also the racism of white suffragists. The struggle for the vote did not end with the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment. [ 1] In some Southern states, African American women were unable to freely exercise their right to vote up until the 1960s. [ 2] However, these difficulties did not deter African-American women in their effort to secure the vote. Contents [ hide ]1 Marginalizing African-American women1.1 The Creation of The National Association of Colored Women2 The \"\"educated suffragist\"\"3 Issues in exercising the vote4 See also4.1 Biographical links4.2 Historical links5 Notes Marginalizing African-American women [ edit]In 1890, two rival organizations, the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association, merged to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). [ 3] As NAWSA began gaining support for its cause, its members realized that the exclusion of African-American women would gain greater support, resulting in the adoption of a more narrow view of women's suffrage than had been previously asserted. NAWSA focused on enfranchisement solely for white women. [ 3] African-American women began experiencing the \"\"Anti-Black\"\" women's suffrage movement. [ 4] The National Woman Suffrage Association considered the Northeastern Federation of Colored Women's Clubs to be a liability to the association due to Southern white women's attitudes toward black women getting the vote. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2187409#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_15th_amendment_accomplish\nWhat did the 15th amendment accomplish?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society Politics and Government US Constitution What did the 15th amendment accomplish? Flag What did the 15th amendment accomplish? Answer by Arthur Finkle Confidence votes 111Designated as an Advanced Practitioner by the Association for Conflict Resolution, Educator, Author. Phi Beta Kappa. The Wharton Grad. Sch. The 15th Amendment: Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation."
},
{
"docid": "D2261565#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Was_the_19th_amendment_to_the_US_constitution_considered_a_progressive_amendment\nWas the 19th amendment to the US constitution considered a progressive amendment?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History Women in History Women's Suffrage Was the 19th amendment to the US constitution considered a progressive amendment? Flag Was the 19th amendment to the US constitution considered a progressive amendment? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. Yes because it guranteed the right to vote to all American citizens..regardless of sex.2 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Iluvboys 638 Contributions What did the 19th Amendment do to change the US Constitution?gave women the right to vote The 19th Amendment was passed by Congress on June 4, 1919 and was ratified on August 18, 1920. it also gave us women the same rights as men an …Jkm Young 1,216,185 Contributions What was the 19th US Constitutional Amendment? The US 19th constitutional amendment stated: \"\" The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on acc …Jkm Young 1,216,185 Contributions What is the 19th amendment to the us constitution? The US 19th constitutional amendment stated: \"\" The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not bedenied or abridged by the United States or by any State on accoun …What is the meaning of the 19th Amendment to the US Constitution? Answer . It gave women the right to vote.. Answer ."
},
{
"docid": "D3552836#0",
"title": "http://www.connerprairie.org/education-research/indiana-history-1860-1900/lives-of-women\n",
"text": "\"Education & Research > Indiana History 1860 - 1900 > Lives of Women Lives of Women Author: Dorothy W. Hartman\"\"The average farmer’s wife is one of the most patient and overworked women of the time. \"\" The American Farmer, 1884Despite the growth of industry, urban centers and immigration, America in the late 19th century was still predominantly rural. Seven out of ten people in the United States lived in small towns with populations under 2500 or on farms in 1870. In Indiana, the 1880 census reported a population of almost 2 million residents, about 55 per square mile, 1,010,000 men and 968,000 women. About three out of four people lived in rural areas. Although much of the study done on woman’s roles during this period looks at the roles of the emerging urban middle class or those of immigrant women, the changes that occurred affected rural women, too. The \"\"Cult of Domesticity, \"\" first named and identified in the early part of the century, was solidly entrenched by late nineteenth century, especially in rural environments. The beliefs embodied in this ‘Cult’ gave women a central, if outwardly passive, role in the family. Women’s God-given role, it stated, was as wife and mother, keeper of the household, guardian of the moral purity of all who lived therein. The Victorian home was to be a haven of comfort and quiet, sheltered from the harsh realities of the working world."
},
{
"docid": "D1198594#0",
"title": "http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/reconstruction/activism/sf_rights.html\n.",
"text": "\"Q&A: Civil Rights During Reconstruction Historians describe the debate over extending civil rights to former slaves that divided the country after the Civil War. The same issues would re-emerge decades later, in the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s. How did nineteenth-century Americans view racial equality? What did Northerners think about black civil rights during Reconstruction? What were the two major political parties' positions on black civil rights at the time? What did the nineteenth-century civil rights legislation try to accomplish? How does the Reconstruction-era civil rights debate connect to the 20th century civil rights movement? Did nineteenth-century civil rights legislation affect 1960s legislation? How did nineteenth-century Americans view racial equality? Eric Foner: In the language of the nineteenth century, there are various degrees of equality."
},
{
"docid": "D151238#0",
"title": "http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/freedom/1865-1917/essays/reconstruction.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Reconstruction and the Formerly Enslaved W. Fitzhugh Brundage William B. Umstead Professor of History, University of North Carolina National Humanities Center Fellow ©National Humanities Center The Reconstruction era is always a challenge to teach. First, it was a period of tremendous political complexity and far-reaching consequences. A cursory survey of Reconstruction is never satisfying, but a fuller treatment of Reconstruction can be like quick sand—easy to get into but impossible to get out of. Second, to the extent that students may have any preconceptions about Reconstruction,The Big Questions of Reconstruction Who was an American? What rights should all Americans enjoy? What rights would only some Americans possess? On what terms would the nation be reunited? What was the status of the former Confederate states? How would citizenship be defined? Were the former slaves American citizens?"
}
] |
620241
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what did the nineteenth amendment provide
|
[
{
"docid": "D427868#0",
"title": "http://www.weegy.com/?ConversationId=42A1ECB1&Link=i\n.",
"text": "Question and answer Q: What did the Nineteenth Amendment provide? A) equal voting rights for men and women B) free education for all C) abolition of slavery D) ban of alcohol in the United States A: The Nineteenth Amendment provides equal voting rights for men and women. Log in for more information. Question Asked 6/19/2012 3:04:01 PMUpdated 1/8/2016 4:10:54 PM1 Answer/Comment Get an answer Search for an answer or ask Weegy (Free)What did the Nineteenth Amendment provide? A) equal voting rights for men and women B) free education for all C) abolition of slavery D) ban of alcohol in the United States"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D2910743#0",
"title": "http://digitally.doinghistory.com/native-american-voting-rights/\nNative American Voting Rights",
"text": "Native American Voting Rights October 8, 2012 by Elizabeth Couchum Leave a Comment Elizabeth Couchum Research Project Plan October 8, 2012Native American voting rights in New Mexico, Arizona vs. Nevada…..what was going on in Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah for Native Americans vs. the State of Nevada? Thesis: With the current political climate, the right to vote has been challenged in many swing states. With many in arms about their right to vote in this very important election year, many are standing their ground to have their voices be heard, while some are working very hard to suppress the vote for those who may vote for the right candidate. While many think that this is something very new, to have many votes challenged, sadly this has happened before. Native Americans were not allowed to vote in this country based on their race. It was not until the 19th Amendment that Native Americans were given the right to vote. However, many states did not agree with this amendment and did not allow Native Americans to vote for many reasons. There were three states in particular that fought the Native Americans who were determined to vote. Even though the Indian Citizenship Act was signed into law, when it came to voting, Native Americans did not get the right to vote in many states due to various reasons. The last states to hold out were Arizona and New Mexico and Utah."
},
{
"docid": "D1924360#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_problem_did_the_foruth_amendment_address\nWhat problem did the foruth amendment address?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Law & Legal Issues Human Rights What problem did the foruth amendment address? Flag What problem did the foruth amendment address? Edit Answer by Xx Gracie Lou The Fourth Amendment forbade the police or government from searching private property without the authority to do so (such as in a warrant). This provided, the people wanted to have more security on their private property, as the English had perpetuated random searches during the colonial era. It essentially assures an individual's right to one's titles, and the government can only intrude upon this property if their is legal documentation that authorizes the police why the search is needed and what the police is searching. Granted, this does not stop police officers from searching in plain view. For instance, if a person has a bag of marijuana in the front seat of their car, the police can take immediate action. But other than in instances such as that, the Fourth Amendment helps American citizens retain their privacy.1 person found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Breeannuhh 14 Contributions Which amendment outlines the procedure to address the problem of presidential disability?25th amendment Ratified in 1967, the 25th Amendment was designed to address presidential succession in cases of death, resignation or incapacitation. It went into effect four …Does Naruto know that the foruth is his dad?"
},
{
"docid": "D1368949#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_informal_amendment_and_how_does_it_occur\nWhat is a informal amendment and how does it occur?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Literature & Language Languages and Cultures English Language Definitions Comparisons The Difference Between Flag Share In US Constitution , Informative Speech , The Difference Between What is a informal amendment and how does it occur? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. An \"\"informal amendment\"\" is a change to the meaning or interpretation of the constitution of the United States. There is no real informal way to change the amendment, it's not an actual change to the Constitution; rather, it's the way we look at the Constitution that changes.2 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Live love laugh 51 Contributions Congress can informally amend the constitution by?~passing basic legislation. ~adding meaning to skeletal portions of the Constitution. ~simply exercising many of its powers What is the informal amendment proces? The Constitution's meaning is changed is often referred to as \"\"informal amendment.\"\" This phrase is a misnomer, because there is no way to informally amend the Constitution, on …Discuss the informal amendment process? The informal amendment process is the alteration of the constitution without the passage of new legislation."
},
{
"docid": "D16216#0",
"title": "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/17th+Amendment\nSeventeenth Amendment",
"text": "\"Seventeenth Amendment (redirected from 17th Amendment)Seventeenth Amendment The Seventeenth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution reads: The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State,elected by the people thereof for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. Theelectors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the mostnumerous branch of the State legislatures. When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, theexecutive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as thelegislature may direct. This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution. The Seventeenth Amendment, which was ratified in 1913, provided for the direct election of U. S.senators by citizens. Until 1913 state legislatures had elected U. S. senators. Ratification of theamendment followed decades of insistence that the power to elect senators should be placed in thehands of ordinary voters. This successful struggle marked a major victory for progressivism —theearly twentieth-century political movement dedicated to pushing government at all levels towardreform. In addition to serving the longer-range goals of the reformers, the campaign on behalf of theamendment sought to end delays and what was widely perceived as corruption in the election of senators by state legislatures. From 1787 until 1913, the U. S. Constitution specified that state legislatures would elect U. S.senators."
},
{
"docid": "D3504743#0",
"title": "https://prezi.com/sr9wfzq6ytqn/womens-suffrage/\nWomen's suffrage",
"text": "\"Public & reusable Create your own Make a copy Share Embed Women's suffrage No descriptionbyanna gajeckaon 7 November 2013Tweet Comments ( 0)Please log in to add your comment. Report abuse Transcript of Women's suffrage Women's suffrage in the US KEY FACTS Suffrage in the United States - timeline Iron Jawed Angels - directed by Katja von Garnier - the film begins as Alice Paul (Hilary Swank) and Lucy Burns (Frances O'Connor) return from England, where they participated in the women's suffrage movement. Once the pair becomes more active within the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), they begin to understand that their ideas were much too forceful for the established activists, particularly Carrie Chapman Catt (Anjelica Huston). The pair leave NAWSA and found the National Women's Party (NWP), a better way to fight for women's rights. The women are sent to the Occoquan Workhouse for 60-day terms where they suffer under unsanitary and inhumane conditions. During this time, Paul and other women undertake a hunger strike, during which paid guards force-feed them milk and raw eggs. News of their treatment leaks to the media through the husband of one of the imprisoned women, a U. S. Senator, who has been able to lobby for a visit (the suffragists are otherwise unable to see visitors or lawyers) by putting a letter in his shirt. Pressure is put on President Wilson as the NAWSA seizes the opportunity to try for the nineteenth amendment to the Constitution. Women's suffrage The right of women to vote and to stand for office. Limited voting rights were gained by women in Sweden, Finland and some western U. S. states in the late 19th century."
},
{
"docid": "D1420411#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/115925019/chapter-10-history-studyguide-flash-cards/\nChapter 10 History StudyGuide",
"text": "\"21 terms Rose Blue316Chapter 10 History Study Guide Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later1. What perception did in 1835, Alexis de Tocqueville have as he recollects his assessments about democracy in the United States? ( America's History, 317 / Doc 6.8 Unit 6 Materials) In 1835 Alexis de Tocqueville perception of democracy in America was that \"\"the most able men in the united states are very rarely placed at the head of affairs\"\". He questioned character of democracy. He claimed people ignored political issues, out of jealousy would not elect intellectual superior, and would follow/believe political frauds.2. How did franchise qualifications (the right to vote) in the United States fare or were compared to the world during the first half of the nineteenth century? - The right to vote in the United States dramatically symbolized the democratic revolution and nowhere in the world did ordinary people like farmers and wage earners exercise political influence.3. Why would bankers, land speculators, and entrepreneurs in the 1820s to the 1840s heavily rely on government assistance?"
},
{
"docid": "D891673#0",
"title": "http://harvardlawreview.org/2015/02/congresss-power-to-define-the-privileges-and-immunities-of-citizenship/\nCongressâs Power to Define the Privileges and Immunities of Citizenship",
"text": "Privileges or Immunities Clause Congress’s Power to Define the Privileges and Immunities of Citizenship Note Feb 10, 2015128 Harv. L. Rev. 1206PDFIn 1866, months after the end of the Civil War and the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment, Congressman John Bingham introduced a new constitutional amendment to the floor of the House of Representatives. 1 ×1. Cong. Globe, 39th Cong., 1st Sess. 1088 (1866). Bingham announced that his amendment would “arm the Congress . . . with the power to enforce the bill of rights” and require state governments to respect the privileges and immunities of citizens of the United States on equal terms. 2 ×2."
},
{
"docid": "D1792953#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/69447406/government-ch-32-flash-cards/\ngovernment ch. 3/2",
"text": "36 terms jennifergrantgovernment ch. 3/2Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Why was Madison opposed to frequent changes to the Constitution? He felt that the Constitution would gain authority the longer it went unchanged and that changing it too often could split the country into factions What makes the U. S. Constitution an enduring document? It has lasted for more than 220 years with few changes What article in the Constitution describes the process for amending the Constitution? Article VWhat are the 2 ways in which an amendment can be proposed? * by Congress, with the approval of at least 2/3 of the House and 2/3 of the Senate *by delegates at a national convention that is called by Congress at the request of at least 2/3 of the state legislaturessupermajority *any majority that is larger than a simple majority, such as three-fifths, two-thirds, or three-fourths Why did the Framers make amending the Constitution a difficult process? Framers wanted to ensure that the difficult process of changing the Constitution would weed out frivolous amendments How many ways can an amendment be proposed? 2When does an amendment get ratified?"
},
{
"docid": "D3078352#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/9128882/modern-us-history-flash-cards/\nModern US History",
"text": "\"87 terms Mrs Green OHVAModern US History Semester 1 Exam Review Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Why were the founders of the Plymouth Colony called pilgrims? The Plymouth colonists believed they were making a religious journey What religious group founded Pennsylvania? Quakers Why did the American colonists object to paying taxes to the British government? The colonists were not allowed to vote for members of Parliament Why did the American colonists think that taxation by the British was unfair? The colonists had no elected representation in the English Parliament. Which colony was founded by Catholics on land given by King Charles I? Maryland Which American leader's discoveries and inventions characterized the Enlightenment? Benjamin Franklin What was a key theme of the period known as the Great Awakening? Salvation does not depend on membership in a single church What was George Washington's role during the American Revolution? commander in chief of the Continental Army What document promotes the idea that all people are created equal and are entitled to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness?"
},
{
"docid": "D2230575#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_nationality_law\nIrish nationality law",
"text": "\"Irish nationality law From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Irish Citizenship Act Parliament of Ireland An Act relating to Irish citizenship Enacted by Government of Ireland Status: Current legislation Irish nationality law is contained in the provisions of the Irish Nationality and Citizenship Acts 1956 to 2004 and in the relevant provisions of the Irish Constitution. A person may be an Irish citizen [1] through birth, descent, marriage to an Irish citizen or through naturalisation. The law grants citizenship to individuals born in Northern Ireland under the same conditions as those born in the Republic of Ireland. Contents1 History1.1 The Irish Free State Constitution1.2 Irish Nationality and Citizenship Act 19351.3 The 1937 Constitution1.4 Irish Nationality and Citizenship Act 19561.5 Irish Nationality and Citizenship Acts 1986 and 19941.6 Jus soli and the Irish Constitution2 Acquisition of citizenship2.1 At birth2.1.1 Before 20052.1.1.1 Historical provisions2.1.1.2 Children of diplomats2.2 By descent2.3 By adoption2.4 By marriage2.5 By naturalisation2.6 By grant of honorary citizenship3 Loss of citizenship3.1 By renunciation3.2 By revocation of a certificate of naturalisation4 Dual citizenship5 Citizenship of the European Union6 Travel freedom of Irish citizens7 See also8 Notes9 References10 External links History [ edit]The Irish Free State Constitution [ edit]Irish Free State passport cover as issued 1927 (holder's name removed)'Request' page of the Irish Free State passport as issued in 1927Irish citizenship originates from Article 3 of the Constitution of the Irish Free State which came into force on 6 December 1922, however Irish citizenship applied only domestically until the enactment of the Twenty-sixth Amendment on 5 April 1935 which applied it internationally. [ 2] [3] Any person domiciled in the island of Ireland on 6 December 1922 was an Irish citizen if:he or she was in the island of Ireland;at least one of his or her parents was born in the island of Ireland; orhe or she had been ordinarily resident in the island of Ireland for at least seven years;except that \"\"any such person being a citizen of another State\"\" could \"\" [choose] not to accept\"\" Irish citizenship. ( The Article also stated that \"\"the conditions governing the future acquisition and termination of citizenship in the Irish Free State [...] shall be determined by law\"\". ) While the Constitution referred to those domiciled \"\"in the area of the jurisdiction of the Irish Free State\"\", this was interpreted as meaning the entire island. This was because the Constitution was formally governed by the terms of the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty, which stated that \"\"the powers of the Parliament and government of the Irish Free State shall not be exercisable as respects Northern Ireland\"\" before 6 January 1923, unless in that time both the two Houses of the Parliament of Northern Ireland had exercised a right to present an address to the King that \"\"the powers of the Parliament and Government of the Irish Free State shall no longer extend to Northern Ireland\"\". The two Houses exercised that right within two days of the Constitution coming into force on 6 December 1922. [ 4] As a result of this background, it was held by the Irish Free State's courts that Northern Ireland had been \"\"within the jurisdiction of the Irish Free State\"\" on 6 December 1922. ["
},
{
"docid": "D142944#0",
"title": "http://www.history.com/topics/child-labor\nChild Labor",
"text": "The minimal role of child labor in the United States today is one of the more remarkable changes in the social and economic life of the nation over the last two centuries. In colonial America, child labor was not a subject of controversy. It was an integral part of the agricultural and handicraft economy. Children not only worked on the family farm but were often hired out to other farmers. Boys customarily began their apprenticeship in a trade between ages ten and fourteen. Both types of child labor declined in the early nineteenth century, but factory employment provided a new opportunity for children. Ultimately, young women and adult immigrants replaced these children in the textile industry, but child labor continued in other businesses. They could be paid lower wages, were more tractable and easily managed than adults, and were very difficult for unions to organize. Did You Know? In 1900, 18 percent of all American workers were under the age of 16."
},
{
"docid": "D529486#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/23047067/chapter-20-history-flash-cards/\nChapter 20 History",
"text": "\"191 terms suribe4905Chapter 20 History Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort The presidents during the last quater of the nineteenth century were weak leaders. During the late 1800's, the legislative body known as a \"\"rich man's club\"\" was the Senate During the late nineteenth century, the House of Representatives was disorderly and inefficient The distinction between the Democrats and the Republicans during the late nineteenth century arose in religious affiliation, geographic location, and ethnic background During the latter part of the nineteenth century, Republicans were particularly strong in the _________states. New England National elections between 1856 and 1912 were characterized by close elections with an even balance of power The \"\"bloody shirt\"\" issue of the late 1800's refers to post-Civil War sectional tensions. How did politicians respond to the demand for civil service reform? Both Democrats and Republicans insisted it would destroy the political parties. Political campaigns during the late nineteenth century were characterized by character assassination, bribery, and fraud. The presidents during the late nineteenth century were lackluster leaders who showed little interest in important contemporary questions. Rutherford B. Hayes was nominated for the presidency because of his reputation for being honest and moderate."
},
{
"docid": "D2062364#0",
"title": "http://losthorizons.com/Documents/The16th.htm\n.",
"text": "\"The Fascinating Truth About The 16th Amendment The income tax is just an excise; capitations still require apportionment; and you’ve been taken to the cleaners. Introduction AS THE FIRST AMERICAN IN HISTORY to secure a complete refund of all federal income taxes withheld-- including Social Security and Medicare taxes-- and the author of several books that have led to many tens of thousands of other American men and women getting all THEIR money back year after year since 2003, I imagine I'm the last person from whom you'd expect to hear praises of the income tax. But that's what you're hearing. The fact is, the income tax is not only a Constitutional tax, it is also a very desirable tax. Applied in strict adherence to its statutory design, the income tax is benignly-limited in scope. It is also a fit mechanism by which those who make money from the exploitation of public resources return to the common purse a portion of their private profits. In this short paper, I am going to show you what the income tax really is and on what it really falls. I'm also going to show you how the tax has come to be widely misunderstood and how, since FDR's third term as president, that misunderstanding has been systematically cultivated and exploited by an insatiable state which is increasingly impatient with any level of restraint. TO PUT IN A NUTSHELL what you are about to learn, the \"\"income\"\" tax is and always has been an excise on gains from certain federally-connected activities in which most Americans do not engage in meaningful (taxable) amounts, if at all. The law says this plainly, if only in places not commonly seen by most people."
},
{
"docid": "D1864300#0",
"title": "https://billofrightsinstitute.org/educate/educator-resources/lessons-plans/current-events/voting-rights-in-america/\nVoting Rights in America",
"text": "Voting Rights in America Home / Educate / Educator Resources / Free Lesson Plans / Current Events e Lessons / Voting Rights in America Voting R ights in America A vote is the best way of getting the kindof country and the kind of world you want.–HARRY S. TRUMANThe history of the amendments to the Constitution is, in one sense, a history of the expansion of certain political freedoms, including voting. At the Founding of the United States, many groups, including landless white men, slaves, free blacks, and women, could not vote. Much has changed since then. Almost a third of the amendments added to the Constitution after the Bill of Rights was ratified concern the ability to vote. The Fifteenth Amendment granted the right to vote to former slaves and people of color. The Nineteenth Amendment gave the vote to women, while the Twenty-third, Twenty-fourth, and Twenty-sixth amendments gave representation to the District of Columbia, forbid poll taxes, and lowered the voting age to 18, respectively. The passage of each of these Amendments reflected a shift towards making voting a right of all citizens, and indeed a fundamental part of citizenship. Today, controversies hinge on how best to balance voter access with safeguards to ensure that fraud doesn’t undermine the sanctity of every individual’s vote. In this lesson, students will focus on the Fifteenth, Nineteenth, Twenty-third, Twenty-fourth and Twenty-sixth Amendments. Students will evaluate how each amendment increased political freedoms."
},
{
"docid": "D3177620#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_amendment_gave_women_the_right_to_vote_and_what_year\nWhat amendment gave women the right to vote and what year?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History Women in History Women's Suffrage What amendment gave women the right to vote and what year? Flag What amendment gave women the right to vote and what year? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. The Nineteenth Amendment (ratified August 18, 1920), says, \"\"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.\"\" This amendment granted women's suffrage, women's right to vote.152 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Benny Guan 4 Contributions Which amendment gave women the right to vote?21th Amendment Assuming you're discussing the US, it was the 19th Amendment that granted Women's Suffrage. Women's Voting Rights in the US The Nineteenth Amendment (rati …Nohlja 54 Contributions What amendment gave African-american women the right to vote? The 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote. The 15th gave African-Americans the right to vote."
},
{
"docid": "D2443952#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/56223238/world-history-democratic-ideas-in-the-americas-flash-cards/\nWorld History: Democratic Ideas In the Americas",
"text": "\"40 terms mccormickm2598World History: Democratic Ideas In the Americas Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort American leaders sought to draft the Constitution as a new plan of government. Why had the previous plan failed? It created a confederation with weak central power. The ideas of the Enlightenment, including the concept of the social contract, influenced the American Revolution. Which of these statements best explains what a social contract is? People support the government in exchange for rights and protection. Which philosopher of the Enlightenment most influenced Thomas Jefferson when drafting the Declaration of Independence? John Locke In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson listed a series of grievances that colonists had against British rule."
},
{
"docid": "D3266423#0",
"title": "http://endroe.org/roeanalysis.aspx\n.",
"text": "\"An Analysis of Roe and Related Cases Click to read with/without citations in text Click to open/close outline Introduction ↑ top Supreme Court in Winter - Shutterstock Images In Roe v. Wade (1973), the Supreme Court held that a pregnant woman has a fundamental privacy right to obtain an abortion. The Court’s opinion was written by Justice Harry Blackmun. The right to abortion, the Court cautioned, is not absolute and has to be balanced against the State’s countervailing interests in preserving the health of the woman and in protecting the “potential” life of the unborn child. The State’s interest in preserving the health of the woman becomes “compelling,” and thus weighty enough to support state regulation of abortion under the strict scrutiny standard of judicial review, after the first trimester, which is the stage of pregnancy when (at least at the time Roe was decided) abortion becomes as dangerous to the mother as carrying the child to term. 1 The State’s interest in protecting the “potential” life of the unborn child becomes “compelling” after viability, the stage of pregnancy when the unborn child is capable of independent life. 2Because neither interest is compelling before the second trimester, the State may not regulate abortion in the first trimester either to preserve the woman’s health or to protect the life of the unborn child. After the first trimester, however, the State may regulate the performance of an abortion, but only for the purpose of preserving the woman’s health, not for the purpose of protecting the life of the unborn child. After viability, the State may regulate, and even prohibit, abortion to protect the life of the unborn child, except when the performance of the abortion is necessary to preserve the life or health of the woman. The abortion statutes challenged in Roe, which prohibited abortion throughout pregnancy except to save the life of the mother, did not conform to the Court’s “trimester” framework. Accordingly, they were declared unconstitutional."
},
{
"docid": "D3119637#0",
"title": "http://www.umass.edu/legal/derrico/corporateperson.html\nThe active version of this website has moved to: http://people.umass.edu/derrico/corporateperson.html",
"text": "\"The active version of this website has moved to: http://people.umass.edu/derrico/corporateperson.html This essay originally appeared in Rethinking MARXISM Volume 9, Number 2 (Summer 1996/97), pp. 99-113. © 1997 by author and Association for Economic and Social Analysis, University of Massachusetts-Amherst (USA 01054)Remarx Corporate Personality and Human Commodification Peter d'Errico At the top of the city in a glass-chromed room an attorney assures the board of directors that the corporation is the person against which any or all action may be taken, not against each and every director joint or several. The multiheaded person exhales dry-iced victory as counsel backs out the door descending floor after floor to wait for a cab in the cold. Nearby a breathing bundle of rags sits on a grate of steam and waits just waits wondering where warmth went.—Ruth Knight, \"\"Persons\"\"Our image world crawls with naked bodies that build up flourishing worlds of stimuli for voyeurism and the brain sensuality of the capitalist wish society... Because the commodity society can only function on the basis of disembodiment, its members are consumed by a hunger for images of the body, including one's own body image.—Sloterdijk, Critique of Cynical Reason [I]n so far as we believe in law, we condemn existence.—Goodrich, Reading the Law [*100] My purpose in this essay is to explore the doctrine of \"\"corporate personality,\"\" to deconstruct the metaphor of legal \"\"being,\"\" to reveal it \"\"as an intersection of competing discourses… as a point of fracture in which different systems of signs are transposed, translated and articulated\"\" (Goodrich 1986, 220). The concept that a corporation is a \"\"person\"\" is the legal core of corporate power. When the U. S. Supreme Court overturned New Hampshire's attempt to turn Dartmouth College into a public institution ( Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 17 U. S. Reports 518 [1819]), the Court subordinated a state legislature to an \"\"artificial being\"\": the college corporation. The Court held that a charter from the British Crown creating the college was a contract protected from legislative impairment by the federal constitution. The Court said that the college corporation provided for the maintenance of property rights by \"\"a perpetual succession of individuals… capable of acting… like one immortal being.\"\" The Court's comment that \"\" [i]ts immortality no more confers on it political power… than immortality would confer such power… on a natural person\"\" denied human experience as it postulated an artificial world of legal \"\"being. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D2967648#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/87011673/his-202-flash-cards/\nHIS 202",
"text": "\"68 terms ashley_yaunches HIS 202Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort What was the key difference between the Lincoln and Johnson plans for reconstruction? Unlike Lincoln's plan, Johnson's plan barred from political participation any ex-Confederate with taxable property worth $20,000 or more. Which statement accurately describes southern black education during Reconstruction? It advanced but remained quite limited. Why did the battle over black suffrage ultimately divide the women's rights movement? Some advocates of women's rights refused to support black suffrage without similar guarantees of woman suffrage. Which of the following was not one of the effects of emancipation on the black family in the years after the Civil War? The majority became single-parent families as men left their wives and set out to seek their fortunes."
},
{
"docid": "D300913#0",
"title": "http://reclaimdemocracy.org/mayer_personalizing/\nPersonalizing the Impersonal: Corporations and the Bill of Rights",
"text": "Personalizing the Impersonal: Corporations and the Bill of Rights By Carl J. Mayer As Published by Hastings Law Journal, Hastings College of Law at University of California, March, 1990; Volume 41, No. 3Editor’s note: This lengthy law review article offers the most thorough legal analysis to date of the process by which corporations have seized specific constitutional rights and makes clear our problems go back much further than Citizens United v FEC. For anyone relatively new to exploring corporate personhood, we suggest starting with a look at this comprehensive web page. Between 1989 and 1992 Americans will celebrate the bicentennial of the ratification of the Bill of Rights. Even more than average citizens, however, corporations and their managers are marking this anniversary with approval*1 because they successfully have used the Bill of Rights as a shield against government regulation. Businesses now wield the Bill of Rights in much the same way that the fourteenth amendment was used during the Progressive era when corporations impeded state governmental regulation with constitutional roadblocks. In this sense, the supposedly defunct doctrine of substantive due process*2 — under which the [*578] Court imposes its own economic views to strike down regulation — retains surprising vitality. Indeed, the current era can be characterized as one of corporate due process. Consider, for example, the following recent Supreme Court decisions: a textile corporation successfully invoked the fifth amendment double jeopardy clause to avoid retrial in a criminal antitrust action;*3 a consortium of major corporations, including the First National Bank of Boston, joined in a first amendment lawsuit that overturned state restrictions on corporate spending for political referendums;*4 an electrical and plumbing concern invoked the fourth amendment to thwart federal inspections conducted under the Occupational Safety and Health Act;*5 and, a California public utility relied on the first amendment to overturn state regulations designed to lower utility rates. * 6Twenty years ago, the corporation had not deployed any of these Bill of Rights provisions successfully."
}
] |
620244
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what did the non-cooperation movement call upon indians to do
|
[
{
"docid": "D2965269#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Cooperation_Movement\nNon-cooperation movement",
"text": "\"This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. ( May 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)The Non-Cooperation Movement was a significant phase of the Indian independence movement from British rule. It was led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi after the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. It aimed to resist British rule in India through nonviolent means,\"\"Ahinsa\"\". Protesters would refuse to buy British goods, adopt the use of local handicrafts and picket liquor shops. The ideas of Ahinsa and nonviolence, and Gandhi's ability to rally hundreds of thousands of common citizens towards the cause of Indian independence, were first seen on a large scale in this movement through the summer of 1920. Gandhi feared that the movement might lead to popular violence. The non-cooperation movement was launched on 31st August, 1920."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1897254#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_Satyagraha\nSalt March",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Salt Satyagraha)navigation search Gandhi picking up grains of salt at the end of his march, Behind him is his second son Manilal Gandhi vow and Mithuben Petit. The Salt March, also known as the Dandi March and the Dandi Satyagraha, was an act of nonviolent civil disobedience in colonial India led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi to produce salt from the seawater in the coastal village of Dandi (now in Gujarat ), as was the practice of the local populace until British officials introduced taxation on salt production, deemed their sea-salt reclamation activities illegal, and then repeatedly used force to stop it. The 24-days march began from 12 March 1930 and continued until 6 April 1930 as a direct action campaign of tax resistance and nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly. It gained worldwide attention which gave impetus to the Indian independence movement and started the nationwide Civil Disobedience Movement. Mahatma Gandhi started this march with 78 of his trusted volunteers. The march was over 240 miles. They walked for 24 days 10 miles a day. The march was the most significant organised challenge to British authority since the Non-cooperation movement of 1920–22, and directly followed the Purna Swaraj declaration of sovereignty and self-rule by the Indian National Congress on 26 January 1930. [ 1]Gandhi led the Dandi March from his base, Sabarmati Ashram, 242 miles (390 km) to the coastal village of Dandi, which was at a small town called Navsari (now in the state of Gujarat) to produce salt without paying the tax, growing numbers of Indians joined them along the way. When Gandhi broke the salt laws at 6:30 am on 6 April 1930, it sparked large scale acts of civil disobedience against the British Raj salt laws by millions of Indians. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2333996#0",
"title": "http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/oliver-reginald-tambo\nOliver Reginald Kaizana Tambo",
"text": "\"Home > Biographies > Oliver Reginald Kaizana Tambo Topics 1Archive 213Timelines 1People 2Oliver Reginald Kaizana Tambo (OR)Synopsis: Teacher, lawyer, President and National Chairperson of the ANC. First name: Oliver Middle name: Reginald, Kaizana Last name: Tambo Date of birth: 27 October 1917Location of birth: Nkantolo, Bizana, Mpondoland, Eastern Cape, South Africa Date of death: 24 April 1993Location of death: Johannesburg Early years Oliver Reginald Kaizana Tambo (OR) was born in the village of Kantilla, Bizana, in the Mpondoland (e Qawukeni), region of the Eastern Cape, on 27 October 1917. His mother, Julia, was the third wife of Mzimeni Tambo, son of a farmer and an assistant salesperson at a local trading store. His father had four wives and ten children and, although illiterate, lived comfortably. Mzimeni Tambo was a traditionalist, but also saw the importance of Western education. Later, Mzimeni converted to Christianity while Oliver's mother was already a devout Christian. After his birth, Oliver was christened Kaizana, after Kaizer Wilhelm of Germany, whose forces fought the British during World War 1. This was his father's way of showing opposition to the British colonisation of Pondoland in 1878. As a young boy, he was given the task of herding his father’s cattle. With his fellow herders, he soon learnt to hunt birds, take part in stick fighting (at which he was quite adept) and model animals from clay."
},
{
"docid": "D1181298#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satyagraha\nSatyagraha",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For the opera, see Satyagraha (opera). For the 2013 Hindi film, see Satyagraha (film). Satyagraha ( / ˌ s ʌ t j ɑː ˈ ɡ r ə h ə /; Sanskrit: सत्याग्रह satyāg truth\"\", \"\"loyalty to the truth\"\" ( satya \"\"truth\"\"; agraha \"\"insistence\"\" or \"\"holding firmly to\"\") or holding onto truth [1]or truth force – is a particular form of nonviolent resistance or civil resistance. The term satyagraha was coined and developed by Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948). [ 2]He deployed satyagraha in the Indian independence movement and also during his earlier struggles in South Africa for Indian rights. Satyagraha theory influenced Martin Luther King Jr. 's and James Bevel 's campaigns during the Civil Rights Movement in the United States, and many other social justice and similar movements. [ 3] [4] Someone who practices satyagraha is a satyagrahi. Contents [ hide ]1 Origin and meaning of name2 Contrast to \"\"passive resistance\"\"3 Ahimsa and satyagraha3.1 Defining success3.2 Means and ends3.3 Satyagraha versus duragraha4 In large-scale conflict4.1 Principles4.2 Rules for satyagraha campaigns5 American Civil Rights Movement6 Satyagraha in relation to genocide7 See also8 References9 External links Origin and meaning of name [ edit]Gandhi leading the 1930 Salt March, a notable example of satyagraha. The term originated in a competition in the news-sheet Indian Opinion in South Africa in 1906. [ 2] Mr. Maganlal Gandhi, grandson of an uncle of Gandhi, came up with the word \"\"Sadagraha\"\" and won the prize."
},
{
"docid": "D2965272#0",
"title": "http://www.bharatadesam.com/history/non-coperation_movement.php\n.",
"text": "\"Non-coperation movement The Non-Cooperation Movement was the first-ever series of nationwide people's movements of nonviolent resistance, led by Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress. The Movement opened the Gandhi Era in the Indian Independence Movement. Background The Rowlatt Acts were legislation that imposed authoritarian restrictions upon Indian people. The notion of habeas corpus was discarded, and the police and army were empowered to search and seize property, detain and arrest any Indian without the slightest need for evidence. Promulgated by the British Parliament, the Viceroy and the Imperial Legislative Council, they were to be enforced on April 6, 1919. Furthermore, many Indians were already infuriated by the British authorities' decision to send Indian soldiers to World War I without the slightest desire to consult the Indian people in any manner or form. While Indians had been mostly divided about supporting or opposing the war, they were all together in their frustration with the British disregard and dismissal of Indian opinions and views, and disrespect of Indian political bodies. The calls of liberal and moderate political leaders like Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Annie Besant, Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Bal Gangadhar Tilak for Home Rule were accompanied only by petitions and major public meetings, and not disorder or obstruction of government services. Neither of these leaders had spoken of leaving the British Empire. Indeed, many were against it."
},
{
"docid": "D2212777#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_independence_movement\nIndian independence movement",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Indian Independence Movement)navigation search For independence movements of American Indians, see Native American self-determination. This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. ( February 2018) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Colonial India Imperial entities of India Dutch India 1605–1825Danish India 1620–1869French India 1668–1954Portuguese India (1505–1961)Casa da Índia 1434–1833Portuguese East India Company 1628–1633British India (1612–1947)East India Company 1612–1757Company rule in India 1757–1858British Raj 1858–1947British rule in Burma 1824–1948Princely states 1721–1949Partition of India 1947v t e Part of a series on Revolution Types Methods Causes Examples Politics portalv t e Part of a series on the History of India Ancient Classical Early Medieval Late Medieval Early Modern Modern Related articlesv t e Part of a series on the History of Bangladesh Etymology Timeline Traditional Urheimat Ancient Classical Medieval Modern Related articles Bangladesh portalv t e Part of a series on the History of Pakistan Timeline Ancient Classical Medieval Early modern Modern History of provinces Category Portalv t e The Indian independence movement encompassed activities and ideas aiming to end the East India Company rule (1757–1857) and the British Indian Empire (1857–1947) in the Indian subcontinent. The movement spanned a total of 90 years (1857–1947). The first organised militant movements were in Bengal, but they later took movement in the newly formed Indian National Congress with prominent moderate leaders seeking only their basic right to appear for Indian Civil Service (British India) examinations, as well as more rights, economic in nature, for the people of the soil. The early part of the 20th century saw a more radical approach towards political self-rule proposed by leaders such as the Lal, Bal, Pal and Aurobindo Ghosh, V. O. Chidambaram Pillai. The last stages of the self-rule struggle from the 1920s onwards saw Congress adopt Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi 's policy of nonviolence and civil disobedience, and several other campaigns. Nationalists like Subhash Chandra Bose, Bhagat Singh preached armed revolution to achieve self-rule. Poets and writers such as Subramania Bharati, Rabindranath Tagore, Muhammad Iqbal, Josh Malihabadi, Mohammad Ali Jouhar, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and Kazi Nazrul Islam used literature, poetry and speech as a tool for political awareness."
},
{
"docid": "D1601105#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/30107432/us-history-since-1877-final-flash-cards/\nU.S History Since 1877 ( final)",
"text": "\"387 terms Jessica_Carrell U. S History Since 1877 ( final)Chapters 16-31Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort The immediate cause for American entry into World War I was the German resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare. By 1915, the Central Powers consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria. Which of the following statements most accurately describes changes in the lives of Mexican Americans during World War I? Political instability in Mexico caused many Mexicans to relocate to the United States. In order to build the Panama Canal, the United States lent covert assistance to free Panama from Columbia. After the explosion of the battleship Maine, a U. S. naval board of inquiry blamed the sinking on a mine. Herbert Hoover emerged from World War I as one of the nation's most admired men because of his leadership of the Food Administration A lasting legacy of America's participation in World War I was woman suffrage Which of the following world leaders was absent from the Versailles Treaty negotiations? Vladimir Ilyich Lenin of Soviet Russia. The \"\"Great Migration\"\" refers to African Americans moving from the South to the North during the war. In its major initial contribution to the war effort of World War I, the United States used armed convoys to secure Allied shipping against submarine attack."
},
{
"docid": "D1673679#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-druidry\nDruidry (modern)",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Neo-druidry)navigation search This article is about the modern new religious movement. For the Iron Age magico-religious specialists, see Druid. A group of Druids at Stonehenge in Wiltshire, England. The Great Druid of France Gwenc'hlan Le Scouëzec stands at the centre surrounded by the Archdruid of Wales and the Great Bardess of Cornwall, at the celebration of the hundredth anniversary of the Gorseth of Brittany in Hanvec, year 1999. Druidry, sometimes termed Druidism, is a spiritual or religious movement that generally promotes harmony, connection, and reverence for the natural world. This commonly is extended to include respect for all beings, including the environment itself. Many forms of modern Druidry are modern Pagan religions, although most of the earliest modern Druids identified as Christians. Originating in Britain during the 18th century, Druidry was originally a cultural movement, only gaining religious or spiritual connotations in the 19th century. The core principle of Druidry is respect and veneration of nature, and as such it often involves participation in the environmental movement. Another prominent belief among modern Druids is the veneration of ancestors, particularly those who belonged to prehistoric societies."
},
{
"docid": "D1045679#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/Why-do-some-people-hate-Mahatma-Gandhi\nWhy do some people hate Mahatma Gandhi?",
"text": "\"Why Do People Hate X So Much? Historical Figures Mahatma Gandhi People Hate Understanding and Improving Mental Health Understanding Human Behavior Human Behavior Why do some people hate Mahatma Gandhi?100 + Answers Shannu Prasad, studied at RMIT University Updated Feb 3, 2017 · Author has 59 answers and 449.3k answer views Gandhi was an excellent social activist, great communicator and an inspiring leader. However, he had some serious flaws and shortcomings that were not brought to light. This will be one of the longest answers in this thread, but I assure you, it will also be one of the most comprehensive. In this answer, I wish to highlight points in which Gandhi's vision and approach failed rather than highlight his greatness as I believe there are already many books dedicated to his greatness. Before I go any further though, I'd like to say that I have a profound respect for Gandhi despite his many flaws. I also only cover the reasons why smart people criticize (hate is too strong a word) Gandhi as there are many fools who hate him for stupid reasons like that pretentious movie \"\"The Legend of Bhagat Singh\"\". I will divide this answer in five parts. A) Criticism of Gandhi's ideology. B) Criticism of Gandhi's actions."
},
{
"docid": "D162443#0",
"title": "http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1993/4/93.04.05.x.html\nMosaic America Through Literary Art: The Civil Rights Movement via African Americans, Chicanos and Native Americans",
"text": "When you are finished viewing curriculum units on this Web site, please take a few minutes to provide feedback and help us understand how these units, which were created by public school teachers, are useful to others. THANK YOU—your feedback is very important to us!Give Feedback Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute Home Mosaic America Through Literary Art: The Civil Rights Movement via African Americans, Chicanos and Native Americansby Ida Hickerson Contents of Curriculum Unit 93.04.05: Narrative African Americans Push for Equality Chicanos Struggle for Justice Native American Power Bibliography for Students Bibliography for Teachers To Guide Entry“Mosaic America Through Literary Art: The Civil Rights Movement” develops a multicultural view of African Americans, Chicano Americans and Native Americans. The unit points out the similarities and contrasts of the activities that these three cultures have contributed to ensuring equality and justice for all citizens of the United States. At the end of this unit of study, the students will be able to identify leaders and methods used by each group in its own history of protest and hope from the Civil Rights Movement during the twentieth century. This curriculum unit will begin with the premise that works of literary art are created by artists who live, experience and interpret various cultures. This approach to teaching assumes that the students belong to a culture or cultures and that they simultaneously share and/or rebel against the beliefs and prejudices that are part of their own culture. Students will be asked not only to develop their own interpretations of what they read and see, but also to ask and answer the four W’s (why, when, where, whom). Students will be encouraged to develop and use research, critical thinking, geography, vocabulary and organizational skills as they complete various individual and cooperative group activities. All of these skills will be targeted at expanding the students’ ability to recognize and respect the beliefs and practices of other cultural groups and their roles in the development of the history of the United States during the Civil Rights Movement. At the completion of this unit, the students, working cooperatively, will publish a newsletter, compile a group portfolio, paint a collage, construct a time line and graph display, and write and produce a skit."
},
{
"docid": "D3497209#0",
"title": "http://www.slideshare.net/fawazali56789/the-simmoncommission\nThe Simon Commission",
"text": "The Simon Commission2,132 views Share Like Download... Fawaz Tejani Follow Published on Dec 6, 2014plz read this presentation and reply me... Published in: Law3 Comments1 Like Statistics Notes Post Youshittypersoncouldn't be harder to read2 years ago Youshittypersonan even better job with the background.2 years ago Youshittypersonnice job copying nigel kelly's book.2 years ago The Simon Commission1. THE SIMMONCOMMISSION: By 1927, communalism in India threatened to undo any cooperation between Hindu and Muslim. The British, however, were soon to take action which restored that cooperation. The Government of India Act of1919 had stated that a commission was to be set up after 10 years to enquire into the workings of the reforms set up in 1919. The British Conservative government, however, feared that it might soon lose power to the Labour Party, which it thought was too sympathetic to the beliefs of Indian nationalism. A Labour government might make too many concessions. So the Conservative government therefore decided to bring the date of the commission forward. In 1927 it appointed a seven man committee under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon to consider the situation in India. All members of the committee were British and not one of them was Indian. Not surprisingly the composition of the committee was considered an insult in India, and all parties became convinced that they must settle their differences and work together in opposition to the Simon Commission."
},
{
"docid": "D3448355#0",
"title": "https://wethenorthcanada.wordpress.com/2014/11/29/native-american-religion/\nNative American religion",
"text": "Native American religion Posted on November 29, 2014 by mugadonna From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Native American religions are the spiritual practices of the Indigenous peoples in North America. Traditional Native American ceremonial ways can vary widely, and are based on the differing histories and beliefs of individual tribes, clans and bands. Early European explorers describe individual Native American tribes and even small bands as each having their own religious practices. Theology may be monotheistic, polytheistic, henotheistic, animistic, or some combination thereof. Traditional beliefs are usually passed down in the forms of oral histories, stories, allegories and principles, and rely on face to face teaching in one’s family and community. Bear Butte, in South Dakota, is a sacred site for over 30 Plains tribes. Overview Pre-Columbian Native spirituality in the Americas spanned the forms of animism, polytheism, the use of plants to enter higher mental or spiritual states, special dances or rituals, and a high regard for the overall well-being of the tribe. Some of these practices continue today in private tribal ceremonies. From the 1600s European Catholic and Protestant denominations sent missionaries to convert the tribes to Christianity. These conversions often occurred through government and Christian church cooperative efforts that forcibly removed Native American children from their families into a Christian/state government-operated system of American Indian boarding schools (aka The Residential Schools) where Native children were indoctrinated in European Christian beliefs, mainstream white culture and the English language."
},
{
"docid": "D1482709#0",
"title": "http://notesonpakistan.blogspot.com/2009/05/khilafat-movement.html\nPakistan Affairs Online",
"text": "Download pdf ( right click and 'save as target ') or Continue Reading Online Contest Khilafat Movement was a religio-political Movement launched by the Muslims of the British India for the retention of the Ottoman Caliphate or khilafat-e-usmania and for not letting for the Muslim holy places go under the control of the Non-Muslims. During the 1 st World War Turkey sided with Germany and as Germany started to loose Turkey also started loosing its territory. By the time 1 st World War came to an end in 1918 Turkey had lost most of its territory. Therefore the issue at that time was how the allied powers would treat Turkey, the Ottoman Empire or the Khilafat-e-usmania and most of its territory had been occupied and this Movement was on its peak from 1919 to 1922, although it went on during the later years. Being brothers, the Indian Muslims realized their religious duty to help the Muslim country. It was the extra territorial attachments based on Islam. Another factor same to the first was that the Indian Muslims considered Ottoman Caliphate a symbol of unity of the Muslim world as Ummah. Goals: What were the goals of this Movement? Ottoman Khilafat should be kept intact. Territorial solidarity of Turkey should be preserved."
},
{
"docid": "D1193069#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-determination\nSelf-determination",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about self-determination in international law. For other uses, see Self-determination (disambiguation). The right of people to self-determination is a cardinal principle in modern international law (commonly regarded as a jus cogens rule), binding, as such, on the United Nations as authoritative interpretation of the Charter's norms. [ 1] [2] It states that a people, based on respect for the principle of equal rights and fair equality of opportunity, have the right to freely choose their sovereignty and international political status with no interference. [ 3]The concept was first expressed in the 1860s, and spread rapidly thereafter. [ 4] [5] During and after World War I, the principle was encouraged by both Vladimir Lenin and United States President Woodrow Wilson. [ 4] [5] Having announced his Fourteen Points on 8 January 1918, on 11 February 1918 Wilson stated: \"\"National aspirations must be respected; people may now be dominated and governed only by their own consent. ' Self determination' is not a mere phrase; it is an imperative principle of action.\"\" [ 6]During World War II, the principle was included in the Atlantic Charter, signed on 14 August 1941, by Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States, and Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, who pledged The Eight Principal points of the Charter. [ 7] The principle does not state how the decision is to be made, nor what the outcome should be, whether it be independence, federation, protection, some form of autonomy or full assimilation. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1582944#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_American_Indians\nSociety of American Indians",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Society of American Indians Formation 1911Extinction 1923Type Native American rights Purpose Pan-Indianism Headquarters United States Official language English The Society of American Indians (1911–1923) was the first national American Indian rights organization run by and for American Indians. [ 1] The Society pioneered twentieth century Pan-Indianism, the movement promoting unity among American Indians regardless of tribal affiliation. The Society was a forum for a new generation of American Indian leaders known as Red Progressives, prominent professionals from the fields of medicine, nursing, law, government, education, anthropology and ministry. They shared the enthusiasm and faith of Progressive Era white reformers in the inevitability of progress through education and governmental action. The Society met at academic institutions, maintained a Washington, D. C. headquarters, conducted annual conferences and published a quarterly journal of American Indian literature by American Indian authors. The Society was one of the first proponents of an \"\"American Indian Day.\"\" It was at the forefront of the fight for Indian citizenship and opening the U. S. Court of Claims to all tribes and bands in United States. [ 2] The Indian Citizenship Law, signed on June 2, 1924, was a major achievement for the Society. The Society anticipated by decades the establishment of a federal Indian Claims Commission in 1946 to hear claims of Indian tribes against the United States. In 1978 such cases were transferred to the U. S. Court of Claims. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2892748#0",
"title": "https://www.scribd.com/doc/38065925/Nature-Scope-and-Importance-of-International-Organisations\nNATURE, SCOPE AND IMPORTANCE OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS",
"text": "NATURE, SCOPE AND IMPORTANCE OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONSPrepared by DR. AFROZ ALAM ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF POLITICS NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY, ORISSA E-MAIL: [email protected] [email protected]|P a g e NATURE, SCOPE AND IMPORTANCE OF ORGANISATIONS Structure 1.0 Objectives 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Meaning and Nature of International Organisation INTERNATIONAL1.3 Scope and Functions of International Organisations 1.4 Kinds of International Organizations 1.4.1 Intergovernmental organizations: 1.4.2 International Nongovernmental organizations: 1.5 Examples of International Organizations 1.5.1 Global organizations 1.5.2 Regional organizations 1.5.3 Organizations with Various Membership Criteria 1.5.4 Financial International Organizations 1.6 Importance of International Organisations: 1.7 Let Us Sum Up 1.8 Some Useful Books1.0 Objective: The primary focus of this chapter is the nature, scope and importance of international organisations with special reference to their classification and role in the present global scenario. After going through this chapter you should be able to: • • know the meaning, nature and scope of international organisation differentiate between the different types of international organisations2|P a g e •analyse the importance of international organisations in an highly interdependent and inter connected world of today1.1 Introduction: In contemporary global politics, international organizations play an enormous role. To most of the world, they symbolize the hope for international peace and security through global cooperation and mutual economic development. Examples of international organizations include the United Nations (UN), the World Bank (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development), the International Committee of the Red Cross, and Greenpeace. Most international organizations operate as part of one or more international regimes. An international regime is a set of rules, standards, and procedures that govern national behaviour in a particular area. Examples of international regimes include arms control, foreign trade, and Antarctic exploration. International organizations are often central to the functioning of an international regime, giving structure and procedures to the “rules of the game” by which nations must play. For example, the World Trade Organization (WTO), the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and the European Union (EU) are key organizations that define the international trade regime.1.2 Meaning and Nature of International Organisation In general, international organisation stands for membership group that operates across national borders for specific purposes."
},
{
"docid": "D1702936#0",
"title": "http://www.biography.com/people/mahatma-gandhi-9305898\nMahatma Gandhi Biography",
"text": "Quick Facts Name Mahatma Gandhi Occupation Anti-War Activist Birth Date October 2, 1869Death Date January 30, 1948Did You Know? As a young man, Mahatma Gandhi was a poor student and was terrified of public speaking. Did You Know? Gandhi formed the Natal Indian Congress in 1894 to fight discrimination. Did You Know? Gandhi was assassinated by Hindu extremist Nathuram Godse, who was upset at Gandhi’s tolerance of Muslims. Did You Know? Gandhi's non-violent civil disobedience inspired future world leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela. Education Samaldas College at Bhavnagar, Gujarat, University College London Place of Birth Porbandar, Kathiawar, India Place of Death New Delhi, India Cite This Page IN THESE GROUPSOscar-Winning Portrayals Famous People in Civil Rights Famous People Born in 1869Famous Libras Show All Groupsquotes“An eye for an eye only ends up making the whole world blind. ”—Mahatma Gandhi Mahatma Gandhi Biography Anti-War Activist (1869–1948)8.7KSHARESMahatma Gandhi was the primary leader of India’s independence movement and also the architect of a form of non-violent civil disobedience that would influence the world."
},
{
"docid": "D1902542#0",
"title": "http://historytogo.utah.gov/people/ethnic_cultures/the_history_of_utahs_american_indians/chapter1.html\n.",
"text": "\"Chapter One - Setting the Stage: Native America Revisited Preface Introduction Chapter One - Setting the Stage: Native America Revisited Chapter Two - The Northwestern Shoshone Chapter Three - The Goshute Indians of Utah Chapter Four - The Paiute Tribe of Utah Chapter Five - The Northern Utes of Utah Chapter Six - The White Mesa Utes Chapter Seven - The Navajos of Utah Conclusion: The Contemporary Status of Utah Indians Utah's Native Americans Robert S. Mc Pherson The writing of Native American history can be said to have started when Christopher Columbus first waded ashore on San Salvador Island in the Caribbean. It has continued ever since. What preceded his arrival--the prehistoric phase of Native Americans--has generally been left to archaeologists and anthropologists to decipher and explain from physical remains. The initial contact, post-contact, and contemporary phases are the realm of historians, who write in keeping with longstanding conventions of their own trade. In both instances, facts, dates, and interpretation generally are presented from an Anglo American perspective that has evolved over centuries. What this has meant to the Indian people is that rarely, if ever, has their view been predominant, if it has even been known. Calvin Martin, a noted Indian historian, put it this way: \"\"We presume to document and interpret the history of a people whose perception of the world for the most part eludes us, whose behavior, as a result, is enigmatic... To ignore the Indian thoughtworld is to continue writing about ourselves to ourselves\"\"1 This has been especially true until recently. Within the last twenty-five years, there has been a perceptible shift in the tide of writing that now insists on a more balanced treatment of the Indians' view of events. However, this is at times a difficult thing to achieve. Native Americans in the past have been slow to come forth with their own story for a number of reasons, including fear of retribution, a desire to leave the past behind, reticence to speak as an individual for a group, and the belief that certain events are sacred, personal, and not to be divulged for public view."
},
{
"docid": "D1436495#0",
"title": "http://www.aforcemorepowerful.org/films/afmp/stories/india.php\nINDIA - DEFYING THE CROWN",
"text": "\"India Overview India Timeline India People Gandhi and Satyagraha India Analysis India Resources INDIA - DEFYING THE CROWNBy March 1930 the people of India are growing more restless under the yoke of British rule. Indian nationalists turn to Gandhi to lead a campaign for full independence. Having successfully employed nonviolent sanctions while fighting for suppressed Indians in South Africa, and then again in India in the 1920s, Gandhi moves to confront the colonial rulers in ways that average Indians can understand and be part of. His first target is the British monopoly on the manufacture and sale of salt, and he leads a 250-mile march to the sea, where he and thousands of protestors violate the law by making their own salt. The British crack down, and many, including Gandhi, go to jail. But civil disobedience spreads, and the campaign encompasses a boycott of British cloth and the resignations of local Indian officials who work for the British. All this puts great pressure on the government, and the British viceroy opens talks with Gandhi, who opts for compromise. Although the campaign does not dislodge the British from India, it shatters the legitimacy of British control and rallies the Indian people to the cause of independence, which eventually comes in 1947. India Overview With a campaign to win rights for Indians in South Africa behind him, Mohandas Gandhi returns to his native India in 1915 to find a country growing increasingly restless under the century-long colonial British rule called the \"\"raj.\"\" While the British do not resort to the brutality used by most occupying forces, they limit basic liberties wherever the power of the raj is threatened."
},
{
"docid": "D1351811#0",
"title": "https://www.biography.com/people/mahatma-gandhi-9305898\nMahatma Gandhi Biography",
"text": "Quick Facts Name Mahatma Gandhi Occupation Anti-War Activist Birth Date October 2, 1869Death Date January 30, 1948Did You Know? As a young man, Mahatma Gandhi was a poor student and was terrified of public speaking. Did You Know? Gandhi formed the Natal Indian Congress in 1894 to fight discrimination. Did You Know? Gandhi was assassinated by Hindu extremist Nathuram Godse, who was upset at Gandhi’s tolerance of Muslims. Did You Know? Gandhi's non-violent civil disobedience inspired future world leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela. Education Samaldas College at Bhavnagar, Gujarat, University College London Place of Birth Porbandar, Kathiawar, India Place of Death New Delhi, India Cite This Page IN THESE GROUPSOscar-Winning Portrayals Famous People in Civil Rights Famous People Born in 1869Famous Libras Show All Groupsquotes“An eye for an eye only ends up making the whole world blind. ”—Mahatma Gandhi Mahatma Gandhi Biography Anti-War Activist (1869–1948)8.7KSHARESMahatma Gandhi was the primary leader of India’s independence movement and also the architect of a form of non-violent civil disobedience that would influence the world."
},
{
"docid": "D1086953#0",
"title": "http://www.flashcardmachine.com/american-19th-century.html\nShared Flashcard Set",
"text": "\"Shared Flashcard Set Details Title American 19th Century Description Titles, Characters, Concepts Total Cards 51Subject English Level Graduate Created 10/07/2011Click here to study/print these flashcards . Create your own flash cards! Sign up here . Additional English Flashcards Cards Term\"\"The Raven\"\"Definition Author: EA Poe Genre: poem First published in the (New York) Evening Mirror in January, 1845, \"\"The Raven\"\" was an overnight sensation and remains the most popular and best known poem that Poe ever wrote. In fact, during the final years of his life, Poe was referred to as \"\"the raven\"\" and his readers often wove short passages of the piece or a simple \"\"nevermore\"\" into their daily talk. The poem is essentially a dramatic monologue; it tells a story that has no real climax but that nonetheless progresses through stages marked by changes in the narrator's mood as he successively interprets the raven's presence and the meaning of its \"\"nevermore\"\" replies. Consisting of eighteen six-line stanzas, \"\"The Raven\"\" is told retrospectively by a first-person narrator. The setting throughout is the narrator's chambers at midnight on a bleak December, as the speaker or student lapses between reading an old book and falling asleep. He is aroused by a tapping sound that he presumes to be made by a visitor outside of his room. He does not immediately answer, but tells us that he is in a sorrowful mood because of the death of his lover, the \"\"lost Lenore.\"\""
}
] |
620249
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what did the nuremberg laws do
|
[
{
"docid": "D1539962#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws\nNuremberg Laws",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For the set of guidelines for determining what constitutes a war crime, see Nuremberg principles. For the set of research ethics principles for human experimentation, see Nuremberg Code. Title page of the German government gazette Reichsgesetzblatt issue proclaiming the laws, published on 16 September 1935 (RGB I No. 100)The Nuremberg Laws (German: Nürnberger Gesetze) were antisemitic and racial laws in Nazi Germany. They were introduced on 15 September 1935 by the Reichstag at a special meeting convened at the annual Nuremberg Rally of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). The two laws were the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour, which forbade marriages and extramarital intercourse between Jews and Germans and the employment of German females under 45 in Jewish households; and the Reich Citizenship Law, which declared that only those of German or related blood were eligible to be Reich citizens; the remainder were classed as state subjects, without citizenship rights. A supplementary decree outlining the definition of who was Jewish was passed on 14 November, and the Reich Citizenship Law officially came into force on that date. The laws were expanded on 26 November 1935 to include Romani people – known at the time as \"\"Gypsies\"\" – and Black people. This supplementary decree defined Romanis as \"\"enemies of the race-based state\"\", the same category as Jews. Out of foreign policy concerns, prosecutions under the two laws did not commence until after the 1936 Summer Olympics, held in Berlin."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D2342088#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/government-politics/supreme-law-land-30978d751bef1a07\nWhat Is the Supreme Law of the Land?",
"text": "\"Government & Politics Law Q: What Is the Supreme Law of the Land? A: Quick Answer The supreme law of the land refers to the U. S. Constitution and any federal laws and treaties based upon it. In short, it means that constitutional or federal law is upheld over state law. Continue Reading Keep Learning What Does the Supremacy Clause of the Constitution Mean? What Are the Duties of the Supreme Court? Where Did Judicial Review Come From? Credit: Kate Ter Haar CC-BY 2.0Full Answer The \"\"supreme law of the land\"\" is noted in the Supremacy Clause of the Constitution, which is found in Article VI, Clause 2. It means that federal law overrides individual state's laws if a conflict in statute occurs. It also requires state judges to uphold federal law over state law thereby making it the supreme law of the land. The Supreme Court interprets and upholds constitutional law."
},
{
"docid": "D501672#0",
"title": "https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/nurlaws.html\nThe Nuremberg Laws: Background & Overview",
"text": "\"The Nuremberg Laws were anti-Jewish statutes enacted by Germany on September 15, 1935, marking a major step in clarifying racial policy and removing Jewish influences from Aryansociety. These laws, on which the rest of Nazi racial policy hung, were written hastily. In September 1935, Adolf Hitler decided that the time was ripe for more restrictions on Germany's Jews, especially since many Party militants had expressed their disappointment with the Arierparagraph. He therefore outlined new laws for the protection of German blood and honor which would \"\"regulate the problems of marriage between 'Aryans' and 'non-Aryans. '\"\" Poster used by Nazi Party to explain regulations of Nuremberg Laws On September 13, 1935, Hitler called on the desk officer for racial law in the Reich Ministry of the Interior ( RMI ), Bernhard Loesener, and on others, among them state secretaries Hans Pfundtner and Dr. Wilhelm Stuckart, to formulate the legal language of the laws. Hitler wanted to present these new laws at the Nuremberg Party rally on September 15, leaving only two days to write them. Much preliminary work had been done for the drafting of such laws prior to September 13, but the men still had to agree on their severity and language. They wrote notes at mealtimes on menu cards as they threw together the laws that would decide the fate of millions. Hitler had asked these men to translate racial ideology into law. Remarkably, the head of Reich Office for Genealogy Research, Dr. Kurt Mayer, heard about these new laws for the first time when they were officially announced."
},
{
"docid": "D2318494#0",
"title": "http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/classes/33d/projects/nurembg/NurembergCrimes.htm\n.",
"text": "The Nuremberg Trials: What were the Crimes? In the crimes section, written by Katie Jo Parris and edited by Karen Phinney, you will find a definition for the three different types of crimes that were written into the Tribunal’s constitution as punishable under law. These three crimes were the basis for the indictments. The main resource used was Calvocoressi’s Nuremberg, the Facts, the Law and the Consequences which provided the definitions and descriptions of what each crime entails. I also used Mielke, F. and A. Mitscherlich book The Death Doctors in order to clear up the misconception about medical experiments and their association with the Trials. The Military Tribunal, in its attempt to punish the axis powers without reprimanding all of the people from those countries, was forced to develop a coherent set of laws that would bring punishment for those responsible for the atrocities that had occurred during the Holocaust. This daunting task was finally made tangible by the creation of three categories of punishable crimes. At the Nuremberg Trials, and as dictated in the Tribunal’s Constitution, the following were those things in which one could be convicted:§ War Crimes: namely, violations of the laws or customs of war. Such violations shall include but not be limited to, murder, ill-treatment of deportation to slave labour or for any other purpose of civilian population of or in occupied territory, murder or ill-treatment of prisoners of war or persons on the seas, killing of hostages, plunder of public or private property, wanton destruction of cities, towns or villages, or devastation not justified by military necessity (Calvocoressi 45). In respect to war crimes, the “Tribunal found the facts as follows: ‘The Truth remains that War Crimes were committed on a vast scale, never before seen in the history of war."
},
{
"docid": "D135788#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_crime\nWar crime",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other uses, see War crime (disambiguation). Part of a series on War History [show]Battlespace [show]Weapons [show]Tactics [show]Operational [show]Strategy [show]Grand strategy [show]Organization [show]Personnel [show]Logistics [show]Related [hide]Asymmetric warfare Broken-Backed War Theory Court-martial Cold war Deterrence theory Horses in warfare Irregular warfare Law of war Mercenary Military campaign Military operation Network-centric warfare Operations research Principles of war Proxy war Religious war Theater Tripwire force War crime War film War game War novel Wartime sexual violence Women in war World war Colonial war Lists [show]v t e A picture taken by the Polish Underground of Nazi Secret Police rounding up Polish intelligentsia at Palmiry near Warsaw in 1940 for mass execution ( German AB-Aktion in occupied Poland ). A war crime is an act that constitutes a serious violation of the laws of war that gives rise to individual criminal responsibility. [ 1] Examples of war crimes include intentionally killing civilians or prisoners, torture, destroying civilian property, taking hostages, perfidy, rape, using child soldiers, pillaging, declaring that no quarter will be given, and serious violations of the principles of distinction and proportionality, such as strategic bombing of civilian populations. [ 2]The concept of war crimes emerged at the turn of the twentieth century when the body of customary international law applicable to warfare between sovereign states was codified. Such codification occurred at the national level, such as with the publication of the Lieber Code in the United States, and at the international level with the adoption of the treaties during the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907. Moreover, trials in national courts during this period further helped clarify the law. [ 1] Following the end of World War II, major developments in the law occurred. Numerous trials of Axis war criminals established the Nuremberg principles, such as notion that war crimes constituted crimes defined by international law. Additionally, the Geneva Conventions in 1949 defined new war crimes and established that states could exercise universal jurisdiction over such crimes. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1530666#0",
"title": "https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/nuremberg\nThe Nuremberg Trial and the Tokyo War Crimes Trials (1945â1948)",
"text": "The Nuremberg Trial and the Tokyo War Crimes Trials (1945–1948)Following World War II, the victorious Allied governments established the first international criminal tribunals to prosecute high-level political officials and military authorities for war crimes and other wartime atrocities. The four major Allied powers—France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States—set up the International Military Tribunal (IMT) in Nuremberg, Germany, to prosecute and punish “the major war criminals of the European Axis.” The IMT presided over a combined trial of senior Nazi political and military leaders, as well as several Nazi organizations. The lesser-known International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE) was created in Tokyo, Japan, pursuant to a 1946 proclamation by U. S. Army General Douglas Mac Arthur, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers in occupied Japan. The IMTFE presided over a series of trials of senior Japanese political and military leaders pursuant to its authority “to try and punish Far Eastern war criminals. ”Needs caption The origins, composition, and jurisdiction of the Nuremberg and Tokyo tribunals differed in several important respects beyond their geographical differences and personalities. Plans to prosecute German political and military leaders were announced in the 1942 St. James Declaration. In the declaration, the United States joined Australia, Canada, China, India, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, the Soviet Union, and nine exiled governments of German-occupied countries to condemn Germany’s “policy of aggression.” The Declaration stated that these governments “placed among their principal war aims the punishment, through the channel of organized justice, of those guilty of or responsible for these crimes, whether they have ordered them, perpetrated them or participated in them. ”In August 1945, the four major Allied powers therefore signed the 1945 London Agreement, which established the IMT."
},
{
"docid": "D1607551#0",
"title": "http://www.thebirdman.org/Index/Jews/Jews-TheHolocaustIsABigJewishLie.html\nThe Holocaust Is a Jewish Big Lie: Birdman's Not-Quite-95 Theses on the Holocaust",
"text": "\"The Holocaust Is a Jewish Big Lie: Birdman's Not-Quite-95 Theses on the Holocaust A Modern-Day Diet of Worms Intended to Give the Holohoaxers and Their Jewish-Asskissing Retinue of True Believers a Bit of Indigestion By John \"\"Birdman\"\" Bryant Note: Recently there has been an essay making the rounds of the Net entitled '95 Theses on the Holocaust'. As JBR Yant remarked, there is nothing so inspiring as to see a good thing done poorly, and for this reason I have created my own list of Holocaust Theses, tho I have chosen not to bore the reader by trying to round out a count of 95 by digging up a bunch of marginal ones. In spite of this, however, I believe that the 55-or-over theses that are found here will keep the reader sufficiently entertained to justify his lucubrative effort during that period while he is trying to get the prunes and bran muffins to work. Jews accuse Hitler of using, if not inventing, the Big Lie technique, but what Hitler actually did (in Mein Kampf) was to accuse the JEWS of using it. And of course Hitler was right: Not only did the Jews tell a Big Lie when they accused Hitler of doing so, but they told another one when they invented the Holocaust. Reason 1 the JBL (Jewish Big Lie) continues: The Holocaust is a cash cow for Jews and Israel. False sympathy for Jews has given Israel hundreds of billions of dollars from Germany and the US, and has provided large incomes to individual Jews who have capitalized on the Holocaust with their novels, 'memoirs', films, plays, speaking tours and the like. It may be truly said that the Holocaust is the golden calf on the gentile leg that the Jews have been pulling for more than 60 years. Reason 2 the JBL continues: Many countries in Europe, as well as Canada and Australia, have laws against denying the OJV (Orthodox Jewish Version of the Holocaust). There can be only one reason for these laws: Supporting a lie that is a cash cow for Jews, and preventing criticism of Jews."
},
{
"docid": "D3274897#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/subject/kristallnacht/\n\"Study sets matching \"\"kristallnacht\"\"\"",
"text": "\"Study sets matching \"\"kristallnacht\"\"Study sets Diagrams Classes Users Options12 terms David_Coulson6Kristallnachtpogrom Nuremberg Laws Ernst Vom Ratha violent riot aimed at the massacre or persecution of an ehtn… 1935 Laws were made that forbade marriage and/or relations bet… a minor German diplomat working in the Paris embassy in 193812 terms pjphilp TEACHERKristallnachtpogrom Nuremberg Laws Ernst Vom Ratha violent riot aimed at the massacre or persecution of an ehtn… 1935 Laws were made that forbade marriage and/or relations bet… a minor German diplomat working in the Paris embassy in 193812 terms Mrs Palermo3Kristallnachtpogrom Nuremberg Laws Ernst Vom Ratha violent riot aimed at the massacre or persecution of an ehtn… 1935 Laws were made that forbade marriage and/or relations bet… a minor German diplomat working in the Paris embassy in 193826 terms taylorcaroline TEACHERKristallnachtzerstören in der Nacht des ... überallto destroy on the night of everywhere12 terms samaragill Kristallnachtpogrom Nuremberg Laws Ernst Vom Ratha violent riot aimed at the massacre or persecution of an ehtn… 1935 Laws were made that forbade marriage and/or relations bet… a minor German diplomat working in the Paris embassy in 193816 terms cameronreichlin Kristallnacht November 9, 1938 synagogues,businesses,homes Kristallnacht When did Kristallnacht take place? During Kristallnacht, Nazis organized an attack on ___________… \"\"The Night of Broken Glass. \"\" 5 terms viciouscarrot Kristallnacht Who Damage Started Hitler youth, SS, Gestapo, Stormtrooers, other Germans discrim… 400 synagogues 7500 shops destroyed, 91 Jews killed, 30,000 se… A Jewish person shot and seriously wounded a German embassy of…15 terms Seth_Pedersen23Kristallnacht Why were Hitler's promises to the Germa… According to Hitler, Jews were to blame… While Germany was not the only European…Repair the economy Inflation, Capitalism, Bolshevism, Defeat in War Nazism9 terms ethomase Kristallnacht When was it? How many synagogues were destroyed? How many shops were destroyed9-10th November 1938 Up to 400 Up to 750014 terms Vaccaro_Christian Kristallnacht When did Kristallnacht begin and end? What was the Kristallnacht? Why did Kristallnacht get referred to a…November 9 and Novenber 10th, 1938 It was a wave of violence that took place throughout Germany,… After those 2 nights their were shards of shattered glass that…9 terms danielle_eliora Kristallnacht Opening slide Slide 2 Slide 2My topic is Kristallnacht. Kristallnacht is known as the \"\"night of broken glass.\"\" And it… Here you can see pictures of broken headstones, and vandalized…5 terms aleena2803Kristallnacht Cause Definition What happened- Nazis expelled Polish Jews from living in Germany... - Polish g… the night of broken glass - Nazis looted and destroyed thousands of Jewish homes and bus…5 terms Salaahuddeen_Smith Kristallnacht30,000 Date of Kristallnacht Sparked Kristallnacht Number of Jewish men arrested. 9 November 1938 The murder of a German diplomat8 terms Justin_Shemian Kristallnacht Kristallnacht Direct Quote ... \"\"On Novembe… Kristallnacht Paraphrasing ... Kristallnac… Kristallnacht Summary... Kristallnacht was…... ... ...5 terms bellakurtzkristallnachtwho when wherestorm troopers, jews, SS, hitler youth 1938 germany8 terms jasminrobinson_Kristallnacht When was Kristallnacht?"
},
{
"docid": "D1335407#0",
"title": "http://www.qcc.cuny.edu/socialsciences/ppecorino/MEDICAL_ETHICS_TEXT/Chapter_7_Human_Experimentation/Reading-Nazi-experimentation.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Section 4. Readings The Ethical Considerations of Medical Experimentation on Human Subjectsby Manny Bekier, M. S. November 18, 2010A critical examination of the ethics of medical experimentation on human subjects, focusing on the medical experiments conducted on human subjects by the doctors in Nazi Germany, as well as, in post-war U. S. may contribute to a greater effort to curb potential abuse. In this endeavor, it is necessary to understand the prevailing principles that guided the medical profession in Nazi Germany in pursuing their heinous actions. Why is this so relevant today? After all, this happened in the past, and not even in the U. S., an aberrant culture created by a totalitarian regime over 65 years ago that no longer exists. Will such an examination help in confronting biomedical issues today? In 2010 United States Secretary of State Hilary Clinton apologized for syphilis and gonorrhea experiments conducted on Guatemalans between 1946-1948 without their knowledge or permission. These experiments involved 696 subjects, male prisoners and female patients in the National Mental Health Hospital of Guatemala. What is especially shocking is the fact that 60 years later the public learned about these unethical experiments co-sponsored by the U. S. Public Health Service, the NIH, the Pan American Health Organization and the Guatemalan government: http://www.commondreams.org/headline/2010/10/01-6. The fact that these experiments were considered, approved and initiated only a year after the trial of the Nazi doctors and their dreadful experiments on human subjects, makes this subject especially relevant."
},
{
"docid": "D642701#0",
"title": "http://www.biblebelievers.org.au/holohoax.htm\nIs the Holocaust a Hoax?",
"text": "\"Within five minutes, any intelligent, open-minded person can be convinced that the Holocaust gassings of World War II are a profitable hoax. Fred A. Leuchter is America's leading specialist on the design and fabrication of execution equipment, including homicidal gas chambers. In 1988, Leuchter scraped samples from the alleged gas chamber walls in Auschwitz, Birkenau and Lublin. Cyanide residue would be clearly evident on all these walls if gassings did occur. To his astonishment, Leuchter found no significant cyanide traces in any one of these rooms. In 1991, the Polish government repeated these tests to disprove Leuchter's findings, but they as well found no evidence of any gassings ever occurring. The structural integrity of these \"\"gas chambers\"\" is also extremely faulty. These rooms have ordinary doors and windows which are not hermetically sealed! There are large gaps between the floors and doors. If the Germans had attempted to gas anyone in these rooms, they would have died themselves, as the gas would have leaked and contaminated the entire area."
},
{
"docid": "D1326984#0",
"title": "http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199711133372006\nFifty Years Later: The Significance of the Nuremberg Code",
"text": "Special Article Fifty Years Later: The Significance of the Nuremberg Code Evelyne Shuster, Ph. D. Article25 References 130 Citing Articles Letters The Nuremberg Code1. The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential. This means that the person involved should have legal capacity to give consent; should be so situated as to be able to exercise free power of choice, without the intervention of any element of force, fraud, deceit, duress, overreaching, or other ulterior form of constraint or coercion; and should have sufficient knowledge and comprehension of the elements of the subject matter involved as to enable him to make an understanding and enlightened decision. This latter element requires that before the acceptance of an affirmative decision by the experimental subject there should be made known to him the nature, duration, and purpose of the experiment; the method and means by which it is to be conducted; all inconveniences and hazards reasonably to be expected; and the effects upon his health or person which may possibly come from his participation in the experiment. The duty and responsibility for ascertaining the quality of the consent rests upon each individual who initiates, directs or engages in the experiment. It is a personal duty and responsibility which may not be delegated to another with impunity.2. The experiment should be such as to yield fruitful results for the good of society, unprocurable by other methods or means of study, and not random and unnecessary in nature.3. The experiment should be so designed and based on the results of animal experimentation and a knowledge of the natural history of the disease or other problem under study that the anticipated results will justify the performance of the experiment.4. The experiment should be so conducted as to avoid all unnecessary physical and mental suffering and injury.5."
},
{
"docid": "D2855361#0",
"title": "http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/educator/modules/gutenberg/books/legacy/\nEducator Programs",
"text": "\"Primary Source Education Modules > Gutenberg Bible > Books Before and After > Gutenberg's Legacy The Invention - Books Before and After - Johann Gutenberg - Facts about the Book - Activities - Glossary - Teacher Resources Gutenberg's Legacy VIEW ENLARGED PDFThe Book Fool, who collects books, yet gathers no wisdom from them. From Sebastian Brant's Ship of Fools (Das Narrenschiff), 1497. VIEW ENLARGED PDFAn illustration of the Mandrake, or Mandragora plant. Mandrake was used as anesthetic during the Middle Ages. It was believed that the root, which was thought to resemble a man, shrieked when pulled from the ground, and would drive anyone who heard it insane. This is from an herbal called the Hortus Sanitatis, printed by Peter Schoeffer, Gutenberg's former assistant, in 1485. Herbals were manuals used to identify plants for medicinal purposes. VIEW ENLARGED PDFAn illustration of an elephant from an herbal called the Hortus Sanitatis, printed by Peter Schoeffer in 1485. Some herbals included beasts, like this one. The Infancy of Printing Books printed on presses before the year 1501 are called incunabula, which comes from a word meaning \"\"cradle\"\" or \"\"birthplace\"\" in Latin."
},
{
"docid": "D1854293#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerd_von_Rundstedt\nGerd von Rundstedt",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt Gerd von Rundstedt in 1932Birth name Karl Rudolf Gerd von Rundstedt Born 12 December 1875 Aschersleben, German Empire Died 24 February 1953 (aged 77) Hanover, West Germany Allegiance German Empire Weimar Republic Nazi Germany Years of service 1892–1945Rank Field Marshal Battles/wars World War IFirst Battle of the Marne World War IIOperation Sea Lion Battle of Britain Operation Weserübung Operation Barbarossa Battle of the Bulge Operation Overlord Awards Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords Relations Gotthard Heinrici (cousin)Karl Rudolf Gerd von Rundstedt (12 December 1875 – 24 February 1953) was a Field Marshal in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II. Born into a Prussian family with a long military tradition, Rundstedt entered the Prussian Army in 1892. During World War I, he served mainly as a staff officer. In the inter-war years, he continued his military career, reaching the rank of Colonel General ( Generaloberst) before retiring in 1938. He was recalled at the beginning of World War II as commander of Army Group South in the invasion of Poland. He commanded Army Group A during the Battle of France, and was promoted to the rank of Field Marshal in 1940. In the invasion of the Soviet Union, he commanded Army Group South, responsible for the largest encirclement in history, the Battle of Kiev, as well as the largest mass killing of the Holocaust to that date, at Babi Yar. He was relieved of command in December 1941, but was recalled in 1942 and appointed Commander-in-Chief in the West. He was dismissed after the German defeat in Normandy in July 1944, but was again recalled as Commander-in-Chief in the West in September, holding this post until his final dismissal by Adolf Hitler in March 1945. Rundstedt was aware of the various plots to depose Hitler, but refused to support them."
},
{
"docid": "D2267871#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120216191122AAaQV46\nWhat did the nuremberg laws do?",
"text": "\"Arts & Humanities History What did the nuremberg laws do? Follow 7 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: They provided a legal definition for the Nazi regime of who and who wasn't German,and who and who wasn't Jewish. These definitions were based on ancestry,not on religious affiliation or place of birth. As only 'Germans' could be citizens in Nazi Germany,the Nuremberg Laws effectively removed German citizenship from all German Jews,thus opening the way to state persecution of them as a deliberate government policy.ammianus · 6 years ago0 1 Comment The Nuremberg Laws (Nürnberger Gesetze) came into effect on September 13, 1935. These laws were not so much a list of what Jews could and couldn't do; they determined who was a Jew. The Nuremberg Laws were put forward because Hitler's political base (Mostly the SS) were pressuring him to finally \"\"reckon\"\" with the Jews and to furthermore revoke all Jews citizenship. The first part off the Nuremberg Laws was \"\"The Reich Citizenship Law,” this law revoked all Jews citizenship. The Second law was \"\"The Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honor,” this law prevented marriages and sexual relations between Jews and Germans. The third law prevented Jews from employing any German female under the age of 45 as a domestic servant. ( This law was set to go into effect on 1/1/36) The fourth law prevented Jews from displaying the Reich and national flag as well as the national colors."
},
{
"docid": "D3443536#0",
"title": "http://www.ussvance.com/Vance/smithg/smithtxt.htm\nThe Vance Mutiny: Fact Mirrors Fiction",
"text": "\"Text was sent to the Vance web site by Gary Smith from the magazine. This URL was sent to me by Dick Westesund for this article http://www.thehistorynet.com/Vietnam/articles/2000/1200_cover.htm A Case of Mutiny? In the strange case of Lieutenant Commander Marcus Aurelius Arnheiter, did fact emulate fiction, or did fiction presage the facts? By William Scheck If fiction often draws on fact, the reverse is also true. There have been cases where fiction has been the basis of action and has foreshadowed things to come. For example, the widely read 1925 novel \"\"The Great Pacific War\"\", by Hector Bywater, was used as the blueprint for Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto's attack on Pearl Harbor as well as his operational planning during World War II. Yamamoto lectured extensively on that book at Japanese military schools. Bywater's exhaustively researched novel became a slavishly followed outline for war against the United States. In 1951, former naval officer Herman Wouk completed his novel \"\"The Caine Mutiny\"\". The book swiftly became a bestseller, as well as the basis for a stage play and a successful motion picture."
},
{
"docid": "D3382911#0",
"title": "http://www.eiu.edu/~eiutps/holocaust_nuremberg.php\nTeaching the Holocaust with Primary Sources",
"text": "\"Teaching the Holocaust with Primary Sources Introduction : Nuremberg Race Laws | Kristallnacht | Ghettos Concentration Camps : Dachau | Bergen-Belsen | Auschwitz Righteous Among the Nations : Gies | Schindler | Winton | Grueninger Primary Source and Analysis Tools | Library of Congress Resources Primary Source Sets | PDF Version Nuremberg Race Laws At the Nazi party rally of 1935, Hitler signed the Nuremberg Race Laws. The laws come under two different headings, \"\"The Protection of German Blood and German Honor\"\" and \"\"The Reich Citizenship Laws\"\" 3 The first section was used to determine exactly who was identified as a Jew. Under the law, a person was considered a Jew even if they did not practice the Jewish faith. A \"\"full-Jew\"\" was defined as an individual with three or more Jewish grandparents. 3 A \"\"half-Jew\"\" or \"\"mischling\"\", was an individual with two Jewish grandparents. 3 A person with one Jewish grandparent was a \"\"quarter-Jew\"\" or \"\"mischling of the second degree\"\". 3 Charts were handed out explaining the laws. The second section was the Reich Citizenship Laws, which stripped away German citizenship from all Jews. 4 They were not allowed to vote or hold public office. It prohibited them from marrying a person of German blood."
},
{
"docid": "D1530667#0",
"title": "http://www.historynet.com/japanese-war-crime-trials.htm\nJapanese War Crime Trials",
"text": "Japanese War Crime Trialsfacebook twitter linkedin pinterest print6/12/2006 • World War IIGeneral Tomoyuki Yamashita was hanged in Manila on February 23, 1946. The fate of this officer, a first-class fighting man,affirmed something new in the annals of war. For Yamashita did not die for murder, or for directing other men to do murder in his name. Yamashita lost his life not because he was a bad or evil commander, but simply because he was a commander, and the men he commanded had done unspeakably evil things. Yamashita was tried by military commission, a panel of five general officers, all American, sitting in the great ballroom of the bullet-pocked U. S. high commissioner’s residence in Manila. General Douglas Mac Arthur, as overall Pacific commander, had the power not only to convene such commissions but also to establish their powers and procedural rules. A military commission had sentenced to death certain German saboteurs landed in the United States in the summer of 1942. Such a commission was not bound by the procedural rules and safeguards inherent in both the civil and the court-martial systems. Command responsibility is as old as war. So is guilt for murder done or murder ordered."
},
{
"docid": "D2281564#0",
"title": "https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Nuremberg-Tyranny-on-Trial-Video-Worksheets-and-Primary-Source-Study-2467468\nNuremberg: Tyranny on Trial Video Worksheets and Primary Source Study",
"text": "Nuremberg: Tyranny on Trial Video Worksheets and Primary Source Study Subject U. S. History, World History, Criminal Justice - Law Grade Levels8 th, 9 th, 10 th, 11 th Resource Type Worksheets, Video Files Product Rating4.0 • 1 Rating File Type PDF (Acrobat) Document File Be sure that you have an application to open this file type before downloading and/or purchasing.2 MB | 28 pages Share Product Description BRING THE AFTERMATH OF WWII TO LIFE USING THESE NUREMBERG WORKSHEETS AND THE COORDINATING HISTORY CHANNEL VIDEO: NUREMBERG, TYRANNY ON TRIAL The Nuremberg Trials were a key moment in world history, demonstrating for the first time that crimes against humanity could and would be prosecuted. Today's World Court is a direct descendant of the Nuremberg Tribunals. With Nuremberg: Tyranny on Trial from the History Channel and these no-prep worksheets, you can help your students master the aftermath of WWII like never before! INFORMATION FOR THE TEACHER Nuremberg: Tyranny on Trial is a short documentary produced by the History Channel. Because it lasts only 46 minutes, it fits perfectly into a typical class period in a middle school or high school. Teachers who have class periods that last about an hour should have time to both show the video and review answers, all during the same class session. Those who can afford to devote two periods to a more in-depth study of the Nuremberg Trials can show the video one day and discuss the answers in more detail the next day. WHERE TO FIND THE VIDEO Nuremberg: Tyranny on Trial is available online at a variety of streaming sites. The best way to find where it may currently be available is to do a simple Google search for the title. It also airs on the History Channel on an infrequent basis and is available for sale on DVD."
},
{
"docid": "D1293482#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_Principles\nNuremberg principles",
"text": "\"Nuremberg principles From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Nuremberg Principles)navigation search For the denaturalization of German Jews, see Nuremberg Laws. For the set of research ethics principles for human experimentation, see Nuremberg Code. The Nuremberg principles were a set of guidelines for determining what constitutes a war crime. The document was created by the International Law Commission of the United Nations to codify the legal principles underlying the Nuremberg Trials of Nazi party members following World War II. Contents [ hide ]1 The principles1.1 Principle I1.2 Principle II1.3 Principle III1.4 Principle IV1.5 Principle V1.6 Principle VI1.7 Principle VII2 The Principles' power or lack of power3 Examples of the principles supported and not supported3.1 The 1998 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court3.2 Canada4 See also5 Footnotes6 References7 Further reading8 External links The principles [ edit]Principle I [ edit]\"\"Any person who commits an act which constitutes a crime under international law is responsible therefore and liable to punishment. \"\" Principle II [ edit]\"\"The fact that internal law does not impose a penalty for an act which constitutes a crime under international law does not relieve the person who committed the act from responsibility under international law. \"\" Principle III [ edit]\"\"The fact that a person who committed an act which constitutes a crime under international law, acted as Head of State or responsible government official, does not relieve him from responsibility under international law. \"\" Principle IV [ edit]Main article: Superior orders\"\"The fact that a person acted pursuant to order of his Government or of a superior does not relieve him from responsibility under international law, provided a moral choice was in fact possible to him\"\". This principle could be paraphrased as follows: \"\"It is not an acceptable excuse to say 'I was just following my superior's orders'\"\". Previous to the time of the Nuremberg Trials, this excuse was known in common parlance as \"\" Superior Orders \"\"."
},
{
"docid": "D2511640#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_freedoms_did_Hitler_take_away\nHow did Hitler take away the power of the Jews?",
"text": "Mycroftson 7,915 Contributions How did Hitler take away the power of the Jews? Gradually, through acts of parliament. Cameron Davies 621,332 Contributions I describe myself being compassionate, understanding, over opinionated. I not afraid to express my opinion or say something if I wanted to. What rights did Hitler take away from people? He took away peoples right to go on strikes and for jews he took all of their rights to have a german citizenship, freedom, dignity and any other kind of human rights Fwmh 132,462 Contributions What did Hitler do to take right away from Jews? He rounded them up into concentration camps where they lost their dignity, freedom and lives. Can a judge take away your freedom of speech? Ether the court of law or the police can do that but they must have a logical reason to do so. Joncey 144,431 Contributions Did Hitler take away guns from the Jews?"
},
{
"docid": "D2047537#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Speer\nAlbert Speer",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the German architect and Nazi minister. For other uses, see Albert Speer (disambiguation). Albert Speer Speer in 1933Minister of Armaments and War Production In office February 8, 1942 – May 23, 1945President Adolf Hitler ( Führer)Karl Dönitz Chancellor Adolf Hitler Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk (Leading Minister)Preceded by Fritz Todt (as Minister of Armaments and Munitions)Succeeded by Karl Saur (as Minister of Munitions) [a]Personal details Born Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer March 19, 1905 Mannheim, Baden, German Empire Died September 1, 1981 (aged 76) London, England, United Kingdom Nationality German Political party Nazi Party Spouse (s) Margarete Weber (1928–1981, his death)Children 6, including Albert, Hilde, Margarete Alma mater Technical University of Berlin Technical University of Munich Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Profession Architect, government official, author Signature Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer [1] ( / ʃ p ɛr /; German: [ˈʃpeːɐ̯] ( listen); March 19, 1905 – September 1, 1981) was a German architect who was, for most of World War II, Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production for Nazi Germany. Speer was Adolf Hitler 's chief architect before assuming ministerial office. As \"\"the Nazi who said sorry\"\", [b] he accepted moral responsibility at the Nuremberg trials and in his memoirs for complicity in crimes of the Nazi regime, while insisting he had been ignorant of the Holocaust. Speer joined the Nazi Party in 1931, launching himself on a political and governmental career which lasted fourteen years. His architectural skills made him increasingly prominent within the Party and he became a member of Hitler's inner circle. Hitler instructed him to design and construct structures including the Reich Chancellery and the Zeppelinfeld stadium in Nuremberg where Party rallies were held. Speer also made plans to reconstruct Berlin on a grand scale, with huge buildings, wide boulevards, and a reorganized transportation system. In February 1942, Hitler appointed him as Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production."
}
] |
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what did the nuremberg trials do explanation
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[
{
"docid": "D577914#0",
"title": "https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/verdicts.html\nThe Nuremberg Trials: Brief Overview of Defendants & Verdicts",
"text": "\"On October 1, 1946, the International Military Tribunal handed down its verdicts in the trials of 22 Nazi leaders - eleven were given the death penalty, three were acquitted, three were given life imprisonment and four were given imprisonment ranging from 10 to 20 years. A brief sketch of the principal defendants in the Nuremberg Trials, their connection to the Holocaustand the sentence each received: Martin Bormann Bormann was with Hitler and Goebbels in Hitler’s subterranean bunker on April 30, 1945. Hitler and Goebbels committed suicide while Bormann and others fled the bunker in an attempt to escape the rapidly advancing Soviet army. While he was presumed dead or captured, his whereabouts were unconfirmed at the time of the trials in Nuremberg. Bormann replaced Hess as Hitler’s Deputy in charge of Party affairs after Hess was asked to resign following his unofficial flight to England to persuade England to negotiate peace with Hitler. Bormann’s reputation among members of his own Party and, especially, the German army was very negative. He was seen as uncivilized, ruthless and brutal. In his absence from the trial, the Bormann investigation proceeded on the basis of voluminous documentary evidence linking him to the expulsion of millions of Jews to Poland, the utilization of Ukrainian women as slave labor. Martin Bormann was sentenced in absentia to death by hanging. Full Judgement against Bormann: CLICK HEREKarl Doenitz: After Hitler’s rejection of the Versailles Treaty in 1935, Karl Doenitz was made commander of the submarine unit of the German navy (Germany was forbidden submarines by the treaty)."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D2536940#0",
"title": "http://www.life.org.nz/euthanasia/euthanasiakeyissues/impact-on-society/\nThe Impact of Euthanasia on Society",
"text": "\"The Impact of Euthanasia on Society Legalising euthanasia and/or assisted suicide will have a great impact on society and will affect everyone in one way or another. Having personal autonomy in end-of-life decision making does not mean that family members and friends will not feel guilt, anger or bitterness The process of medical research to find cures for diseases may be threatened. Many of the German doctors who participated in the T4 euthanasia programme did so initially for reasons of compassion. There are fears that hospice and palliative care programmes will be a casualty of legalised EAS. In the Netherlands voluntary euthanasia has led to non-voluntary euthanasia. Just as one of the slogans used by abortion activists says 'If you don't want an abortion, don't have one'. Right-to-die activists contend that if Euthanasia and/or Assisted Suicide (EAS) are legalised, they will only impact on those who choose to use those options. In other words, those who don't want assisted suicide won't be effected, so what's the problem? Personal autonomy The English poet John Donne composed a Meditation, 'No Man is an Island', which goes like this: No man is an island, Entire of itself. Each is a piece of the continent, A part of the main."
},
{
"docid": "D2429657#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Alfred_Jodl\nTalk:Alfred Jodl",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Romania portal This article is within the scope of Wiki Project Romania, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Romania - related topics on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks.??? This article has not yet received a rating on the project's quality scale.??? This article has not yet received a rating on the project's importance scale. [ show] To-do list: [ hide] This article is of interest to the following Wiki Projects: Wiki Project Germany [ show] (Rated C-class, Low-importance)Wiki Project Biography / Military / Politics and Government [ show] (Rated C-class)Wiki Project Military history [ show] (Rated C-Class)A fact from this article was featured on Wikipedia's Main Page in the On this day... section on May 7, 2006. Contents [ hide ]1 Dead body photo2 wiping3 Acquittal4 acquittal claim removed again5 Cremation, Place of scattering the ashes6 most brilliant minds of German military history?7 acquittal claim8 Bad History9 homosexual attraction to his master?10 That Acquittal Story11 Jodl's alleged acquittal12 His Photo after been executed13 Media portrayal14 RE: \"\"Postume aquittence\"\"15 Jodl was not acquitted16 Siege of Leningrad and Jodl17 WWII section18 Botched hanging19 Romania?20 Portrayal in the media section21 War Criminal22 External links modified23 Why was he convicted? Dead body photo [ edit]I am wondering... what is exactly the purpose of showing us a photo of his dead body. What am I supposed to learn from seeing this? I think it is probably going to be upsetting and disturbing to some sensitive readers. Why not have every page on wikipedia, that is a bio, show a picture of the person a few minutes after they die, if it is really so important?"
},
{
"docid": "D1514652#0",
"title": "http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/36qs.html\nThe Holocaust: 36 Questions & Answers About the Holocaust",
"text": "\"Category »The Holocaust Basic History Introductory History to The Holocaust Could We Have Stopped Hitler? Life for Jews in Pre-War Germany Simon Wiesenthal's 36 Questions What We Knew and When We Knew It Why is the Holocaust Unique? Reference Concentraton Camp & Ghetto Money Glossary of Terms Holocaust Maps Photographs World War IIPersecution Concentration Camps Victims of the Holocaust & Nazi Persecution Euthanasia Program Einsatzgruppen Final Solution Forced Labor Ghettos Kristallnacht Medical Experiments Nuremberg Laws Nazi War Crimes Yellow Badges Timeline of Jewish Persecution The Nazis Nazi Party Nazi Party Platform The Swastika Nazis & the Arts Nazis & The Jews Rescuers Margaret Thatcher's Family Sheltered Austrian Jew Non-Jewish Rescuers in the Holocaust The Kindness of Strangers: The Rescue of Denmark's Jews The Rescue of Bulgaria's Jews\"\"Righteous Gentiles\"\"Biographies Allied Liberators Jewish Victims Jews in Occupied Countries Nazi Perpetrators Adolf Hitler Non-Jewish Victims Gypsies Jehovah's Witnesses Homosexuals Resistance Fighters Mufti Haj Amin al-Husseini World Reaction Arab Middle East The Associated Press Cooperation With the Nazis Bulgaria Dominican Republic Great Britain International Refugee Policy Japan United States The Vatican Vichy France World Response to the Holocaust Aftermath Holocaust Denial Holocaust Survivors Museums & Memorials Reparations, Restitutions & Assets Top 10 \"\"Most Wanted\"\" Nazis Tracing Lost Family Members U. S. Judge Rules Holocaust is a Historical Fact War Crimes Trials Join our mailing list Join Support JVLDonate The Holocaust: Table of Contents | Photographs | Introductory History Click on any Question to Reveal the Corresponding Answer:1. When speaking about the \"\" Holocaust ,\"\" what time period are we referring to?2. How many Jews were murdered during the Holocaust?3. How many non-Jewish civilians were murdered during World War II in Europe?4. Which Jewish communities suffered losses during the Holocaust?5. How many Jews were murdered in each country and what percentage of the pre-war Jewish population did they constitute?6. What is a death camp? How many were there?"
},
{
"docid": "D1293487#0",
"title": "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Nuremberg+Trials\nNuremberg Trials",
"text": "\"Nuremberg Trials Also found in: Medical, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia . Nuremberg Trials The Nuremberg trials were a series of trials held between 1945 and 1949 in which the Alliesprosecuted German military leaders, political officials, industrialists, and financiers for crimes theyhad committed during World War II. The first trial took place in Nuremberg, Germany, and involved twenty-four top-ranking survivors of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi Party). The subsequent trials were heldthroughout Germany and involved approximately two hundred additional defendants, including Naziphysicians who performed vile experiments on human subjects, concentration camp commandantswho ordered the extermination of their prisoners, and judges who upheld Nazi practices. World War II began in 1939 when Germany invaded Poland. Over the next few years, the European Axis powers (Germany, Italy, Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania) successfully invaded andoccupied France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Denmark, Norway, Greece, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia,Finland, and the Netherlands. But when Adolf Hitler 's troops invaded the Soviet Union, the Nazi warmachine stalled. By the end of the war, the Axis powers were battered and beleaguered, and in 1945 they unconditionally surrendered to the United States, the Soviet Union, Great Britain, and France (the four Allied powers). Although the surrender of the Axis powers brought the war to its formal conclusion, the Third Reichhad left an indelible imprint on the world. During Germany's attempted conquest and occupation of Europe and Asia, the Nazis slaughtered, tortured, starved, and tormented over six million Jews andcountless others—including Catholics, prisoners of war, dissenters, intelligentsia, nobility, and otherinnocent civilians."
},
{
"docid": "D1326984#0",
"title": "http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199711133372006\nFifty Years Later: The Significance of the Nuremberg Code",
"text": "Special Article Fifty Years Later: The Significance of the Nuremberg Code Evelyne Shuster, Ph. D. Article25 References 130 Citing Articles Letters The Nuremberg Code1. The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential. This means that the person involved should have legal capacity to give consent; should be so situated as to be able to exercise free power of choice, without the intervention of any element of force, fraud, deceit, duress, overreaching, or other ulterior form of constraint or coercion; and should have sufficient knowledge and comprehension of the elements of the subject matter involved as to enable him to make an understanding and enlightened decision. This latter element requires that before the acceptance of an affirmative decision by the experimental subject there should be made known to him the nature, duration, and purpose of the experiment; the method and means by which it is to be conducted; all inconveniences and hazards reasonably to be expected; and the effects upon his health or person which may possibly come from his participation in the experiment. The duty and responsibility for ascertaining the quality of the consent rests upon each individual who initiates, directs or engages in the experiment. It is a personal duty and responsibility which may not be delegated to another with impunity.2. The experiment should be such as to yield fruitful results for the good of society, unprocurable by other methods or means of study, and not random and unnecessary in nature.3. The experiment should be so designed and based on the results of animal experimentation and a knowledge of the natural history of the disease or other problem under study that the anticipated results will justify the performance of the experiment.4. The experiment should be so conducted as to avoid all unnecessary physical and mental suffering and injury.5."
},
{
"docid": "D1293485#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_principles_did_the_nuremberg_trials_demonstrate\nWhat principles did the Nuremberg trials demonstrate?",
"text": "Flag What principles did the Nuremberg trials demonstrate? Answer by Snwbrdr Confidence votes 20The Legal Principles from the Nuremberg Trials are: Anyone who commits international crime is guilty. Guilty under international standards technically means there are no punishments, but punishments will be given out. Being at a high position doesn't relieve someone from punishment. Provided a moral choice, someone is guilty if a higher authority ordered the specific crime to be committed. IE: Hitler made Nazi officers kill. The Nazi officer is still guilty.4 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No"
},
{
"docid": "D1776945#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodl%2C_Alfred\nAlfred Jodl",
"text": "\"\"\"Jodl\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Jodl (disambiguation). Colonel-General Alfred Jodl Jodl as General der Infanterie in 1940. Chief of the Operations Staff for the Armed Forces High Command Nazi Germany In office 1 September 1939 – 8 May 1945Personal details Born 10 May 1890 Würzburg, German Empire Died 16 October 1946 (aged 56) Nuremberg, Allied-occupied Germany (execution)Relations Ferdinand Jodl (brother)Awards Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves Signature Military service Allegiance German Empire Weimar Republic Nazi Germany Service/branch Wehrmacht Years of service 1910–45Rank Generaloberst Battles/wars World War IWorld War II: Invasion of Poland Invasion of Norway and Denmark Battle of France Operation Barbarossa Alfred Josef Ferdinand Jodl ( listen ( help · info); 10 May 1890 – 16 October 1946) was a German general during World War II, who served as the Chief of the Operations Staff of the Armed Forces High Command ( Oberkommando der Wehrmacht ). After the war, Jodl was indicted on the charges of conspiracy to commit crime against peace; planning, initiating and waging wars of aggression; war crimes; and crimes against humanity at the Allied-organised Nuremberg trials. The principal charges against him related to his signature of the criminal Commando and Commissar Orders. Found guilty on all charges, he was sentenced to death and executed in 1946. Contents [ hide ]1 First World War2 Second World War3 Trial and conviction4 Decorations5 Notes5.1 Citations6 References7 External links First World War [ edit]Alfred Jodl was educated at a military Cadet School in Munich, from which he graduated in 1910. Ferdinand Jodl, who also was to become a General in the Army, was his younger brother. The philosopher and psychologist Friedrich Jodl at the University of Vienna was his uncle. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2318494#0",
"title": "http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/classes/33d/projects/nurembg/NurembergCrimes.htm\n.",
"text": "The Nuremberg Trials: What were the Crimes? In the crimes section, written by Katie Jo Parris and edited by Karen Phinney, you will find a definition for the three different types of crimes that were written into the Tribunal’s constitution as punishable under law. These three crimes were the basis for the indictments. The main resource used was Calvocoressi’s Nuremberg, the Facts, the Law and the Consequences which provided the definitions and descriptions of what each crime entails. I also used Mielke, F. and A. Mitscherlich book The Death Doctors in order to clear up the misconception about medical experiments and their association with the Trials. The Military Tribunal, in its attempt to punish the axis powers without reprimanding all of the people from those countries, was forced to develop a coherent set of laws that would bring punishment for those responsible for the atrocities that had occurred during the Holocaust. This daunting task was finally made tangible by the creation of three categories of punishable crimes. At the Nuremberg Trials, and as dictated in the Tribunal’s Constitution, the following were those things in which one could be convicted:§ War Crimes: namely, violations of the laws or customs of war. Such violations shall include but not be limited to, murder, ill-treatment of deportation to slave labour or for any other purpose of civilian population of or in occupied territory, murder or ill-treatment of prisoners of war or persons on the seas, killing of hostages, plunder of public or private property, wanton destruction of cities, towns or villages, or devastation not justified by military necessity (Calvocoressi 45). In respect to war crimes, the “Tribunal found the facts as follows: ‘The Truth remains that War Crimes were committed on a vast scale, never before seen in the history of war."
},
{
"docid": "D577913#0",
"title": "http://www.theholocaustexplained.org/ks4/survival-and-legacy/what-became-of-the-perpetrators/what-were-the-nuremberg-trials/\nWhat became of the perpetrators?",
"text": "\"What became of the perpetrators? The Nuremberg Tribunal at the Palace of Justice, Nuremberg, Germany, 22 November 1945. © 2011 United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. The Nuremburg Trials Towards the end of the Second World War, the Allies decided to bring to justice those accused of war crimes and crimes against humanity once the war finished. Trials of leading German officials took place between 18 October 1945 and 1 October 1946 in Nuremberg, Germany, before judges representing the Allied powers. These are now known as the Nuremberg Trials. Twelve of those convicted were sentenced to death, among them Hermann Goering, Hans Frank, Alfred Rosenberg and Julius Streicher. On the eve of Goering’s execution, he committed suicide in his prison cell. Three other defendants were sentenced to life imprisonment and four to prison terms ranging from 10 to 20 years. Three of the defendants were acquitted."
},
{
"docid": "D50027#0",
"title": "https://socratic.org/questions/how-long-does-it-take-the-moon-to-orbit-the-earth\nHow long does it take the moon to orbit the earth?",
"text": "\"How long does it take the moon to orbit the earth? Earth Science Earth, Moon, and Sun Earth's Moon1 Answer5Oscar L. Share Mar 4, 2018Answer: There are really two answers, either 27.3 days or 29.5 days. Explanation: These two different periods are described here. If you draw the elliptical orbit of the moon, and you measure the time it takes to go around the ellipse as it slides through space, you get the siderial orbital period. That is 27.3 days. But that \"\"sliding through space\"\" is actually following Earth's orbit, which itself curves around the Sun. So when the Moon gets around its elliptical orbit in the siderial cycle, the Sun's light is coming at it from a different angle and we do not see a full cycle of the Moon's phases. To compensate for this effect we must wait a little longer, 29.5 days total, for the Moon to complete a cycle with respect to the Sun-Earth pair. This 29.5 days is the synodic period and it represents the \"\"monthly\"\" cycle we see from one new moon to the next. Was this helpful?"
},
{
"docid": "D2412143#0",
"title": "http://rudolfhess.net/\n.",
"text": "\"Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess A Courageous Hero For Peace\"\"My coming to England in this way is, as I realize,so unusual that nobody will easily understand it. I was confronted by a very hard decision. I do not think I could have arrived at my final choice unless I had continually kept before my eyes the vision ofan endless line of children's coffinswith weeping mothers behind them, both English and German, and another line of coffins of motherswith mourning children. \"\" Rudolf Hess (June 10, 1941)\"\"I do not propose to argue about chargesthat are concerned with the internal affairs of Germany,with which foreigners have no right to interfere. I make no complaints about statements,the aim of which is to discredit and dishonor myself and the entire German people. I regard such statements coming from enemies as confirmations of our honor. It has been my privilege to serve for many years under the greatest sonto whom my people have given birth in its thousand years of history. Even if it were possible for me to do so,I would never wish to wipe this period of service out of my life. It fills me with happiness to know that I did my duty toward my people. I regret nothing."
},
{
"docid": "D1600394#0",
"title": "https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/the-guatemalan-syphilis-experiment-and-medical-ethics/\nThe Guatemala syphilis experiment and medical ethics in science-based medicine",
"text": "Share this: Tweet Share on Tumblr More Several of the bloggers here at SBM have repeatedly criticized various clinical trials for so-called “complementary and alternative medicine” interventions for various conditions and diseases (or should I say dis-eases?) for being completely unethical. Examples include the misbegotten clinical trial for the Gonzalez protocol for pancreatic cancer, which — surprise, surprise! — ended up showing that patients undergoing Dr. Gonzalez’s combination of 150 supplements a day, dietary manipulations, and coffee enemas, actually did much worse than those undergoing standard of care, despite how depressingly poor the results of standard of care are; clinical trials of homeopathy in Honduras and other Third World countries, which both Wally Sampson and I lambasted; and ongoing clinical trial of chelation therapy for cardiovascular disease. I’ve also criticized the “autism biomed” movement, that amalgamation of parents who believe that vaccines cause autism and yet are willing to subject their children to all sorts of quackery to “cure” the “vaccine injury” of uncontrolled and unethical experimentation on autistic children. As valid as all these criticisms are, it is important to recognize that science-based medicine is not free of its own abuse of ethics. A couple of weeks ago, I wrote about the concept of clinical equipoise. Clinical equipoise is a critical concept in any clinical trial. Basically, a state of clinical equipoise exists when there is genuine scientific uncertainty over which of the options being tested in/on living, breathing human beings is better, and any clinical trial in which a state of clinical equipoise does not exist is at the very least ethically dodgy and probably downright unethical. For example, when the occasional anti-vaccine activist argues for a randomized controlled clinical trial comparing vaccinated children and unvaccinated children, it’s easy to shoot that idea down as unethical because there is no clinical equipoise."
},
{
"docid": "D1492214#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolph_Hess\nRudolf Hess",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Rudolph Hess)navigation search This article is about the Deputy Führer to Adolf Hitler. For the commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp, see Rudolf Höss. Rudolf Hess Rudolf HeßHess in 1933Deputy Führer of the Nazi Party Stellvertreter des Führers In office 21 April 1933 – 12 May 1941Deputy Martin Bormann Führer Adolf Hitler Preceded by Post created Succeeded by Martin Bormann (as Chief of the Parteikanzlei)Reichsleiter In office 1933–1941Leader Adolf Hitler Personal details Born Rudolf Walter Richard Hess 26 April 1894 Alexandria, Egypt Died 17 August 1987 (aged 93) Spandau, West Berlin, West Germany Cause of death Suicide by hanging Nationality German Political party Nazi Party (1920–1941)Spouse (s) Ilse Pröhl (22 June 1900 – 7 September 1995) married 20 December 1927Children Wolf Rüdiger Hess (18 November 1937 – 14 October 2001)Alma mater University of Munich Signature Rudolf Walter Richard Hess ( Heß in German; 26 April 1894 – 17 August 1987), was a prominent politician in Nazi Germany. Appointed Deputy Führer to Adolf Hitler in 1933, he served in this position until 1941, when he flew solo to Scotland in an attempt to negotiate peace with the United Kingdom during World War II. He was taken prisoner and eventually was convicted of crimes against peace, serving a life sentence until his suicide. Hess enlisted as an infantryman at the outbreak of World War I. He was wounded several times over the course of the war and was awarded the Iron Cross, 2nd class, in 1915. Shortly before the war ended, Hess enrolled to train as an aviator, but he saw no action in this role. He left the armed forces in December 1918 with the rank of Leutnant der Reserve. In 1919, Hess enrolled in the University of Munich, where he studied geopolitics under Karl Haushofer, a proponent of the concept of Lebensraum (\"\"living space\"\"), which later became one of the pillars of Nazi Party (NSDAP) ideology. Hess joined the NSDAP on 1 July 1920, and was at Hitler's side on 8 November 1923 for the Beer Hall Putsch, a failed Nazi attempt to seize control of the government of Bavaria."
},
{
"docid": "D3372410#0",
"title": "http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Hermann_Goering\nHermann Goering",
"text": "\"Previous (Hermann Emil Fischer) Next (Hermann Hesse)Hermann Wilhelm Göring President of the Reichstag In office 1932 – 1945President Paul von Hindenburg Adolf Hitler Preceded by Paul Löbe Succeeded by none Minister President of the Free State of Prussia In office April 10, 1933 – April 24, 1945Preceded by Franz von Papen Succeeded by Prussia abolished Reichsstatthalter of Prussia In office 1935 – 1945Prime Minister Himself Preceded by Adolf Hitler Succeeded by Prussia abolished Reich Minister of Aviation In office April 1933 – April 1945President Paul von Hindenburg Adolf Hitler Preceded by Position established Succeeded by N/ABorn January 12, 1893 Rosenheim, Kingdom of Bavaria, German Empire Died October 15, 1946 (aged 53) Nuremberg, Germany Political party NSDAPSpouse Karin von Kantznow (1923–1931, deceased) Emmy Sonnemann (1935–1946)Children 4Hermann Wilhelm Göring (also spelled Goering) (January 12, 1893 – October 15, 1946) was a German politician, military leader and a leading member of the Nazi Party. Among many offices, he was Hitler's designated successor and commander of the Luftwaffe (German Air Force). He was a veteran of the First World War with twenty-two confirmed kills as a fighter pilot, and recipient of the coveted Pour le Mérite (\"\"The Blue Max\"\"). He was the last commander of Manfred von Richthofen 's famous Jagdgeschwader 1 air squadron ( Red Baron ). Goering was one of the central figures in the Nazi regime that was responsible for some of the worst atrocities committed in the twentieth century, including but not limited to the Holocaust. Contents [ hide ]1 Family background and relatives2 Early life and Ritter von Epenstein3 First World War4 Postwar5 First marriage6 Early Nazi7 Addiction and exile8 Politics and Nazi electoral victory9 Second marriage10 Nazi potentate11 Göring and Foreign Policy12 Complicity in the Holocaust13 Head of the Luftwaffe14 Göring's private army15 Second World War15.1 The eastern front15.2 The bomber war15.3 The end of the war16 Capture, trial, and death17 Legacy18 Notes19 References20 External links21 Credits Following the end of the Second World War, Göring was convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg Trials. He was sentenced to death by hanging, but committed suicide the night before he was due to be hanged. Family background and relatives Göring was born at the sanatorium Marienbad in Rosenheim, Bavaria. His father Heinrich Ernst Göring (October 31, 1839 – December 7, 1913) had been the first Governor-General of the German protectorate of South West Africa (modern day Namibia) [1] having formerly served as a cavalry officer and member of the German consular service. Göring had among his patrilineal ancestors Eberle/Eberlin, a Swiss-German family of high bourgeoisie."
},
{
"docid": "D2584294#0",
"title": "https://nighthawknews.wordpress.com/2010/08/11/the-history-of-the-academy-awards-best-picture-1961/\nNews from the Boston Becks",
"text": "\"Romeo and Juliet done right: Tony (Richard Beymer) and Maria (Natalie Wood) in West Side Story (1961)The 34th Academy Awards, for the film year of 1961. The nominations were announced on February 26, 1962 and the awards were held on April 9, 1962. Best Picture: West Side Story The Hustler The Guns of Navarone Fanny Judgment at Nuremberg Most Surprising Omission: La Dolce Vita Best Eligible Film Not Nominated: Throne of Blood Best Eligible English Language Film Not Nominated: Breakfast at Tiffany’s Rank (out of 82) Among Best Picture Years: #33The Race: The big film of the summer was The Guns of Navarone, which also was getting excellent reviews. The film getting the best reviews going into the fall were for The Hustler, with phenomenal marks for Paul Newman. But everything was out the window once West Side Story came out in October. Immediately wiping everything away in terms of critical appreciation and commercial appeal, it looked like there would be another huge sweep at the Oscars. Suddenly everything else was relegated to second status, including Splendor in the Grass, Breakfast at Tiffany’s and Judgment at Nuremberg. The National Board of Review didn’t help as it gave Best Picture to Question 7, a small German film. The Best Director award went to Jack Clayton for The Innocents, which also wasn’t up for any serious consideration. The New York Film Critics set things up properly by giving Best Picture to West Side Story and Best Director to Robert Rossen for The Hustler ."
},
{
"docid": "D2840250#0",
"title": "http://shc.stanford.edu/news/research/historian-investigates-history-witchcraft-prosecution\nHistorian investigates the history of witchcraft prosecution",
"text": "\"Historian investigates the history of witchcraft prosecutionby Humanities at Stanford November 1, 2011cover%20for%20web.jpg A depiction of two witches raising a hailstorm. Woodcut from a 1493 edition of a book on witches by Ulrich Molitor, entitled \"\"De Lamiis et Phitonicis Mulieribus. \"\" Study of Fifteenth Century Criminal Records Reveals the Origins of the Witch-Hunt A dark but iconic moment in U. S. history, the Salem witch trials of 1692, are taught in American schools to educate students about religious extremism and the judicial process. But the origins of witchcraft prosecution can be traced back to Europe centuries prior, when pre-Reformation courts first induced criminals to admit to heresy and witchcraft to exert social control through displays of harsh and often violent punishment. Laura Stokes is an Assistant Professor in Stanford’s Department of History, whose work has mostly focused on the origins and prosecution of witchcraft in fifteenth century Europe. Her Ph. D. dissertation, which chronicled the rise of such persecution as well as its linkages to developments in judicial torture, has now been revised into a book, Demons of Urban Reform: The Rise of Witchcraft Persecution, 1430-1530. Focusing on case studies from the European cities of Basel, Lucerne, and Nuremburg, Stokes’ work examines the legal underpinnings of witchcraft persecution as well as the religious and esoteric influences that fueled it. Considering how and why the three cities in question took different paths with regard to witchcraft persecution, Stokes highlights how the concept of witchcraft as a legally condemnable crime emerged from the intersection of religion and indigenous belief in magic, superstition and necromancy. Her work sheds light on how social and religious forces are capable of breeding persecution, informing how we should consider the persecution of witches as it exists today in various parts of the world."
},
{
"docid": "D2095265#0",
"title": "http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/philosophyscience/tp/EarlyPhilosophe.htm\nEarly Ancient Greek Philosophers",
"text": "\"Humanities ›Philosophy Early Ancient Greek Philosophers Scientists and Great Thinkers From Ancient Greece Share Flipboard Email Printby N. S. Gill Updated March 06, 2017Certain early Greeks from Ionia ( Asia Minor) and southern Italy saw the world around them and asked questions about it. Instead of attributing its creation to anthropomorphic gods, these first philosophers, broke tradition and sought rational explanations. Their speculation formed the early basis for science and natural philosophy. See: Early Greek Philosophy. Here are ten of the earliest and most influential ancient Greek philosophers in chronological order.01of 10Thales Public Domain. Courtesy of Wikipedia. The founder of natural philosophy, Thales was a Greek Pre-Socratic philosopher from the Ionian city of Miletus (c. 620 - c. 546 B. C.). He predicted a solar eclipse and was considered one of the 7 ancient Sages. More »02of 10Pythagoras Public Domain. Courtesy of Wikipedia."
},
{
"docid": "D2750083#0",
"title": "http://religionandpolitics.org/2014/04/23/mission-at-nuremberg-an-american-army-chaplain-and-the-trial-of-the-nazis/\nMission at Nuremberg: An Army Chaplain and the Trial of the Nazis",
"text": "Excerpt Mission at Nuremberg: An Army Chaplain and the Trial of the Nazis By Tim Townsend | April 23, 2014Email Print (Chaplain Henry Gerecke)W ilhelm Keitel had been general field marshal, second only to Adolf Hitler in Germany’s military hierarchy. Now, on a cold, rainy October morning, at 1:00 a.m. in 1946, he stood shackled to a guard outside cell 8 of Nuremberg’s Palace of Justice. In half an hour, Keitel would be hanging by his neck from a rope, his hands tied behind his back with a leather bootlace, a black hood over his head. Outside the prison, no moon marked the sky above the destroyed city of Nuremberg. The prison’s commandant, U. S. Army colonel Burton Andrus, spoke loudly, with both custom and history in mind. His voice was high pitched but authoritative, and it echoed off the prison’s dull stone walls and traveled up the metal staircases, past the mesh wiring that had been strung across the three tiers of cells to prevent suicides. It traveled past a small chapel that had been created by knocking down the wall between two cells. Andrus felt the weight of the moment, but he didn’t relish it. He walked along the cell block on the first level, stopping at each prisoner’s cell and repeating his sentence. The men had heard the same words two weeks earlier when the justices of the International Military Tribunal read the verdicts and sentences aloud in court."
},
{
"docid": "D1156070#0",
"title": "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/International+Military+Tribunal\nNuremberg Trials",
"text": "\"Correct all you're your grammar errors instantly. Try it now. Nuremberg Trials (redirected from International Military Tribunal) Also found in: Acronyms, Encyclopedia . Nuremberg Trials The Nuremberg trials were a series of trials held between 1945 and 1949 in which the Allies prosecuted German military leaders, political officials, industrialists, and financiers for crimes they had committedduring World War II. The first trial took place in Nuremberg, Germany, and involved twenty-four top-ranking survivors of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi Party). The subsequent trials were held throughout Germany and involved approximately two hundred additional defendants, including Nazi physicians whoperformed vile experiments on human subjects, concentration camp commandants who ordered theextermination of their prisoners, and judges who upheld Nazi practices. World War II began in 1939 when Germany invaded Poland. Over the next few years, the European Axis powers (Germany, Italy, Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania) successfully invaded andoccupied France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Denmark, Norway, Greece, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia,Finland, and the Netherlands. But when Adolf Hitler 's troops invaded the Soviet Union, the Nazi warmachine stalled. By the end of the war, the Axis powers were battered and beleaguered, and in 1945they unconditionally surrendered to the United States, the Soviet Union, Great Britain, and France (thefour Allied powers)."
},
{
"docid": "D642705#0",
"title": "http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/denial1.html\nHolocaust Denial: How to Refute Holocaust Denial",
"text": "\"This page contains a point-by-point refutation of the half-truths and outright lies published in a pamphlet entitled \"\"66 Questions & Answers About the Holocaust\"\" published as a bible for Holocaust denial by the Institute for Historical Review (IHR). The IHR's questions and answers have been reproduced unaltered. Nizkor, a website devoted to combatting Holocaust denial, follows their answers by refuting the 66 claims. Click on Any Question to Reveal the Answer: General1. What proof exists that the Nazis practiced genocide or deliberately killed six million Jews?2. What evidence exists that six million Jews were not killed by the Nazis?3. Did Simon Wiesenthal once state in writing that \"\"there were no extermination camps on German soil?\"\"4. If Dachau was in Germany and even Simon Wiesenthal says that it was not an extermination camp, why do thousands of veterans in America say that it was an extermination camp?5. Auschwitz was in Poland, not Germany. Is there any proof that gas chambers for the purpose of killing human beings existed at or in Auschwitz?6."
}
] |
620256
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what did the ojibwa hunt
|
[
{
"docid": "D637030#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ojibwe\nOjibwe",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Chippewa\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Chippewa (disambiguation) and Ojibway (disambiguation). This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. ( January 2010) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ojibwe (Chippewa)Distribution of Ojibwe-speaking people Total population170,742 in United States (2010) [1]Regions with significant populations Canada ( Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba) United States ( Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota)Languages English, Ojibwe, French Religion Midewiwin, Catholicism, Methodism Related ethnic groups Odawa, Potawatomi, Oji-Cree, and other Algonquian peoples The Ojibwe, Ojibwa, or Chippewa are an Anishinaabeg group of Indigenous Peoples in North America, known among many Indigenous peoples as Turtle Island. They live in Canada and the United States and are one of the largest Indigenous ethnic groups north of the Rio Grande. In Canada, they are the second-largest First Nations population, surpassed only by the Cree. In the United States, they have the fifth-largest population among Native American tribes, surpassed only by the Navajo, Cherokee, Choctaw and Lakota-Dakota-Nakota people. The Ojibwe people traditionally have spoken the Ojibwe language, a branch of the Algonquian language family. They are part of the Council of Three Fires and the Anishinaabeg, which include the Algonquin, Nipissing, Oji-Cree, Odawa and the Potawatomi."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D2876881#0",
"title": "http://www.hope-of-israel.org/algonqun.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Hope of Israel Ministries (Ecclesia of YEHOVAH): From Canaan to Connecticut --The Story of the Algonquian Indians!When Joshua invaded the Promised Land he set in motion a powerful chain of events that would have far reaching implications across the Atlantic Ocean in North America. As his victorious army smashed Canaanite resistance, survivors of the onslaught fled southwest into North Africa and northwards into Anatolia. From these points large migrations of the Canaanite tribes were launched into Europe and the British Isles -- and thence to the North American continent. This article tells the story of one group of Canaanites that found their way across Siberia and the Bering Strait to the wild hinterland of what is now the United States and Canada.by John D. Keyser When Joshua the son of Nun entered the Promised Land at the head of the children of Israel, he set about implementing the commands of YEHOVAH God regarding the Canaanites in the land:\"\"When the Lord your God brings you to the land that you are about to enter and possess, and He DISLODGES many nations before you -- the HITTITES, Girgashites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, seven nations much larger than you -- and the Lord your God delivers them to you and you defeat them, you must doom them to destruction: grant them no terms and give them no quarter....this is what you shall do to them: you shall tear down their altars, smash their pillars, cut down their SACRED POSTS, and consign their images to the fire.... You shall destroy all the peoples that the Lord your God delivers to you, showing them no pity.... The Lord your God will DISLODGE those peoples before you little by little; you will not be able to put an end to them at once, else the wild beasts would multiply to your hurt. The Lord your God will deliver them up to you, throwing them into utter panic until they are wiped out. He will deliver their kings into your hand, and you shall obliterate their name from under the heavens...\"\" (Deuteronomy 7: 1-2, 5, 16, 22-24. Tanakh ). When Joshua and the Israelites crossed the Jordan river just north of the Dead Sea, they camped a while at Gilgal, then moved to take Jericho and Ai. Afterward, they returned to Gilgal (Joshua 1-8). After making peace with Gibeon, Joshua led the Israelites through the Valley of Aijalon and defeated the five Amorite kings (Joshua 9-10)."
},
{
"docid": "D3200288#0",
"title": "http://horsehints.org/IndianChippewa.htm\nOjibwe, Ojibwa, Ojibway, Chippewa and Chippeway",
"text": "\"Ojibwe, Ojibwa, Ojibway, Chippewa and Chippeway Symbol of the Anishinaabe people Ojibwe Man1899The Ojibwe (also Ojibwa or Ojibway) or Chippewa (also Chippeway) are among the largest groups of Native Americans-First Nations north of Mexico. They are divided between Canada and the United States. They are the third-largest in Canada, surpassed only by Cree and Inuit, and are the fourth-largest in the United States, surpassed only by Navajo, Cherokee and the Sioux. Because they were formerly located mainly around Sault Ste. Marie, at the outlet of Lake Superior, the French referred to them as Saulteurs. Ojibwe who subsequently moved to the prairie provinces have retained the name Saulteaux. Ojibwe who were originally located about the Mississagi River and made their way to southern Ontario are known as the Mississaugas. As a major component group of the Anishinaabe peoples-which includes the Algonquin, Nipissing, Oji-Cree, Odawa and the Potawatomi-the Ojibwe peoples number over 56,440 in the U. S., living in an area stretching across the north from Michigan to Montana. Another 77,940 of main-line Ojibwe, 76,760 Saulteaux and 8,770 Mississaugas, in 125 bands, live in Canada, stretching from western Quebec to eastern British Columbia. They are known for their birch bark canoes, sacred birch bark scrolls, the use of cowrie shells, wild rice, copper points, and for their use of gun technology from the British to defeat and push back the Dakota nation of the Sioux (1745)."
},
{
"docid": "D966761#0",
"title": "http://nativeamericannetroots.net/diary/578\nVision Quest Among the Southern Plains Tribes",
"text": "Vision Quest Among the Southern Plains Tribes Posted on July 8, 2010 by Ojibwa ( – promoted by oke)The Southern Plains American Indian Culture Area lies south of the Arkansas River valley. It includes Oklahoma, Arkansas, portions of Texas, the eastern foothills of New Mexico, and portions of Louisiana. This is the area which was the homeland for Indian nations such as the Comanche, the Kiowa, and the Lipan Apache. As with tribes in other areas, dreams are an important part of the spirituality of the Southern Plains. For the Comanche, visions can provide the individual with power (puha) when they are sought under certain stringent conditions. On the other hand, visions might also come unsought. Visions were traditionally sought for mourning, for going to war, for curing disease, and for success in hunting. Comanche: At about the time of puberty, Comanche boys would seek their first vision with the aid of a medicine man. Each boy was to have four things: a buffalo robe, a bone pipe, some tobacco, and material for producing fire. On the way to the vision quest site – often a hill, or a warrior’s grave, or some other special place – the boy would stop to smoke the pipe four times."
},
{
"docid": "D2832483#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anishinaabe_traditional_beliefs\nAnishinaabe traditional beliefs",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( January 2018) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Picture on a rock of an underwater panther ( mishibizhiw) as well as two snakes and a canoe, attributed to the Ojibwe people. From Lake Superior Provincial Park, Ontario. Anishinaabe traditional beliefs cover the traditional belief system of the Anishinaabeg peoples, consisting of the Algonquin / Nipissing, Ojibwa/Chippewa / Saulteaux / Mississaugas, Odawa, Potawatomi and Oji-Cree, located primarily in the Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada. Contents [ hide ]1 Medicine Societies1.1 Midewiwin1.2 Waabanowin1.3 Jiisakiiwin1.4 Migration story1.5 Nanabozho stories1.6 Other stories2 See also3 References4 Further reading5 External links Medicine Societies [ edit]The Anishinaabe have three different Medicine Societies. Midewiwin [ edit]Main article: Midewiwin The Midewiwin (also spelled Midewin and Medewiwin) is the Grand Medicine Society of the indigenous groups of the Maritimes, New England and Great Lakes regions in North America. Its practitioners are called Midew and the practices of Midewiwin referred to as the Mide. The Midewiwin society is a secretive animistic religion, requiring an initiation, and then progressing to four levels of practitioners, called \"\"degrees\"\"."
},
{
"docid": "D2032905#0",
"title": "http://www.kinounchepirini.com/history\nKinounchipirini Algonquin First Nation",
"text": "\"History Of The Ottawa Valleyhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5NANa KYxf ZY Mishomis William Commanda Cry Of THE EARTH ALGONQUIN DELEGATIONhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DIR1rg Ym HPw Mishomis william Commanda 1913-2011 River Documentaryhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u88mf QIh Tig Story of Turtle Island by Jacob Wawatie AMIKWA NATION REPORT1 October 20151. I, Sidney L. Harring have been a Professor of Law at the City University of New York, since 1990, retiring and taking emeritus status in 2011. Prior to that I was an Associate Professor of Law at the same institution since 1983. I have taught law and sociology since 1972. I have done research on aboriginal rights issues since 1969 and have taught aboriginal law since 1985. My address is 210 Warner Hill Road, Mayfield, New York, 12117. 2. I have taught aboriginal law and indigenous rights at six law schools, including serving twice as Law Foundation Chair in Law and Public Policy at the College of Law of the University of Saskatchewan. I have written two books on aboriginal law and policy: White Man’s Law:: Native People in Nineteenth-Century Canadian Jurisprudence, published by the Osgoode Society and the University of Toronto Press in 1998 and Crow Dog’s Case: American India Sovereignty, Tribal Law, and United States Law in the Nineteenth Century, published by Cambridge University Press in 1994. Both of these books were written supported by research fellowships from the National Endowment of the Humanities and other sources, including a Canadian Studies Research Grant."
},
{
"docid": "D2121595#0",
"title": "https://www.mpm.edu/wirp/ICW-143.html\nRelations between Indians and U.S. Citizens",
"text": "\"Even before the Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776, the United States attempted to develop policies to deal with Indian affairs. In 1775, relations between the thirteen colonies and the British government were worsening, and the Continental Congress created three departments to establish good relations with Indian tribes and persuade them to remain neutral in conflicts between the colonies and the British. However, the British were far more successful in their efforts to bring the Indians over to their side. The Indians generally distrusted the Americans because colonial settlers had been spilling over the Appalachian Mountains since the 1760s, and Indian people feared that eventually the Americans would take over their lands. A few Indians actively fought for the United States during the American Revolution, particularly the Potawatomi Indians at Milwaukee, the Oneida in New York, and the Stockbridge in Massachusetts, but most fought for the British. One reason so many Indians fought for Great Britain during the Revolution was that the British promised to preserve tribes' rights to their land if they served the British cause. The British also suggested establishing an independent Indian country in the Midwest to act as a buffer between the rebellious colonies and British colonies in Canada, which the United States invaded during the American Revolution and tried to gain during final peace talks. This British plan never came to fruition because the United States was given full sovereignty over the Midwest in the final peace treaty in 1783. From 1781 to 1789, the United States had a very weak central government known as the Articles of Confederation. During this time, the United States maintained that tribes had forfeited their rights to the land by fighting on the side of the British."
},
{
"docid": "D2657274#0",
"title": "http://nativeamericannetroots.net/diary/933\nAmerican Indian Books: Helen Hunt Jackson",
"text": "American Indian Books: Helen Hunt Jackson Posted on April 22, 2011 by Ojibwa In 1879, a Ponca chief, Standing Bear, captured the popular imagination when he left the reservation in Oklahoma in order to bury the bones of his son in traditional Ponca land. Standing Bear and his people were arrested, and in a trial, Standing Bear versus Crook, was released. Following the Standing Bear versus Crook decision, newspaper editor Henry Tibbles arranged a six-month lecture tour of eastern cities for Standing Bear. In the lecture tour, Henry Tibbles would speak first, and tell what had induced him to take up the cause of the Ponca and Omaha. He would then introduce Standing Bear whose words would be translated by Bright Eyes. Standing Bear would tell a simple story of the inhumane treatment suffered by his peaceful tribe. Finally, Bright Eyes would address the audience. In Boston, Standing Bear’s lecture was attended by Helen Hunt Jackson, Senator Henry Dawes, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, and other notables. For Helen Hunt Jackson, the wife of a wealthy banker and railroad executive, Standing Bear’s speech was a pivotal point in her life. From this time until her death in 1885 she devoted her life to writing about Indians and advocating for their rights."
},
{
"docid": "D418402#0",
"title": "https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Writing_Adolescent_Fiction/Character_names/Native_American\nWriting Adolescent Fiction/Character names/Native American",
"text": "Writing Adolescent Fiction/Character names/Native American< Writing Adolescent Fiction | Character names The latest reviewed version was checked on 14 July 2017. There are 3 pending changes awaiting review.navigation search Contents1 Native American (Amerindian) girls' names2 Native American (Amerindian) boys' names3 Navajo/Diné names4 Hopi names5 General Native American (Amerindian) surnames6 Native American surnames from a specific tribe6.1 Cherokee surnames6.2 Miscellaneous Amerindian6.3 First names as Native American surnames6.4 Navajo/Diné surnames6.4.1 Top 106.4.2 Others6.4.3 Non-native names6.5 Hopi surnames6.6 Hualapai/Havasupai surnames6.7 Other surnames from Southwest American First Nations Tribes Native American (Amerindian) girls' names [ edit]Using these names remember to match the name with the proper tribe, or you could wind up with something like Sophie Echevarria-- Some names come from the boarding school period and tend to be Bible names. Aamehee Abeque Aiyana Alaqua Alopay Amayeta Ametanee Amoja Angeni Anoohtsee Aquene Avoonee Awenasa Awendola Ayita Bena Cheehashkish Chenoa Cheyenne Cumpah Dabuda Dakota Dionta Dohn-say Dos-teh-seh Dyan Dyani Ekalaka Eyota Guyan Hah-dun-key Halana Haleen Halona Hara Helki Heta Hola Huera Icimanipi Ilia Imala Ishton Izusa Jacali Kachina Kahia Kaksha Kaya Keyoe Koae Koko Krow Kwanita Lakota Lenna Leosanni Lomasi Macawi Matoaka Migina Migisi Minowa Minowah Nahdoste Nanathathtith Nashota Niabe Niabi Nita Nixera Nohchlon Notamee Odina Pepeae Pessim Picabo Pinquina Polona Sabetha Sakuna Satinka Sevonee Shasta She-gha Shohola Shtsha-she Sihu Sisika Sonsee-array Suwannee (this spelling)Tahdaste Taima Tallulah Tama Tawana Tayanita Tehya Tewa Tiponya Tohtooae Tzes-ton Utina Winona Wyome Wynona Xomooe Yenene Yoki Yoluta Yoomee Zaltana Zitkala Zi-yeh Zuzela Native American (Amerindian) boys' names [ edit]Ahanu Ahdik Ahnandia Akando Akule Alchise Aseske Awan Baishan Bemidji Beshe Bly Chachu Chesmu Chitto Dah-keya Daklegon Dakota Delsin Delzhinne Demothi Dyami Elsu Estchinaeintonyah Etu Eyata Fun Gooday Gosheven Goyathlay Guyapi Guydelkon Hackehadadolnihe Hahnee Halian Helaku Hestamaxana Hesutu Honon Hototo Hunlona Imali Inteus Ishi Istee Kaahtenay Kaga Kaywaykla Kijika Kilthdigai Koana Kohana Kono Lallo Lenno Lonan Lusio Maska Matto Mehnenohka Mikasi Mojag Motega Mwinyi Mwita Mzuzi Naiche Nantai Napi Nashoba Nibaw Nigan Nikiti Nodiskey Nolgee Nonithian Opachisto Osceola (Warning! This is also the name of a highly populated Florida county south of Orlando, as well as the mascot of Florida State University, so take this into account if your character is modern) Mostly a last name in modern times. Otu Ouray Out Paeta Payat Pilan Pillan Pionsenay Pocano Quanah Sahale Senaka Sequoyah Skayocarne Skinya Skiriki Songan Squanto Tahoma Taklishim Takoda Talli Tisnolthtos Toclanny Tooantuh Tsisnah Waban Wadiskay Wemilo Wenutu Wilu Yana Yotimo Yuma Yutu Navajo/Diné names [ edit]First names used by Navajo and similar groups in the Southwest are usually taken from popular Southern names, with a few British names also used. Sheridan, Frank, Norman, Carson, Randy, Buck, James, Terry Jo, Elvira, Carole, Lorena, Lydia, Clay, Eugenia, Mary Ruth, Sandra, Ivan, Clarence, Newton, Nelson, Little Jo, Marco and Vida are typical examples. Navajo living in places like California or Florida where there are not many Navajo around give their children names typical of contemporary America. A few native Navajo names, such as Altsoba, Anaba, Dezba, Doba, Doli, Haloke, Hazhoni, Kai, Kaibah, Manaba, Nanabah, Nascha, Nizhona, Nizhoni, Sakhyo, Tahnazbah and Yanaba for girls or Adits’ah, Atsidi, Bisahalani, Bizhoshi, Hosteen, Kai, Kilchii, Klah, Nabahe, Nantai, Sani, Tahoma, Toh Yah, Totsoni, Tsela and Tulley for boys, are still in use. Hopi names [ edit]Hopi first names are not typically different from those used by other Americans, especially Southwestern Americans. A few native Hopi names remain though: Chosposi, Ciji, Hehewuti, Hola, Honovi, Humita, Kasa, Kaya, Lenmana, Mansi, Muna, Nampayu, Nampeo, Nova, Shuman, Sunki, Takala, Talasi, Tansy, Tcu Mana, Toski, Totsi, Tuwa, Una, Yamka, Yoki and Zihna for girls; and Ahote, Alo, Apha, Cheauka, Kele, Len, Lololoma, Makya, Matcito, Mootzka, Pahana, Qoyawayma, Sinoyva, Tawa, Tawanima, Tawaquaptewa, Tocho and Youkioma for boys, among others."
},
{
"docid": "D790759#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_Owl\nGrey Owl",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the writer. For the bird, see Great grey owl. For the film based on the person, see Grey Owl (film). For The U. S. Navy award, see Gray Owl Award. Grey Owl Portrait of Grey Owl (1936), by Yousuf Karsh Born Archibald Belaney September 18, 1888 Hastings, England, United Kingdom Died April 13, 1938 (aged 49) Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Canada Cause of death Pneumonia, alcoholism Resting place Prince Albert National Park54°8′49″N 106°28′4″WCoordinates: 54°8′49″N 106°28′4″WNationality British (later Canadian)Alma mater Hastings Grammar School Occupation Writer Environmentalist Employer Dominion Parks Service Known for Environmental conservation Home town Hastings, England Spouse (s) Angele Egwuna Constance Holmes Anahareo (Gertrude Bernard) Yvonne Perrier Children Agnes Shirley Dawn (1932–1984)Grey Owl's cabin \"\"Beaverlodge\"\", Ajawaan Lake Graves of Grey Owl, Anahareo and Shirley Dawn at Ajawaan Lake The beaver lodge inside Grey Owl's cabin Grey Owl was the name British-born Archibald Belaney (September 18, 1888 – April 13, 1938) chose for himself when he took on a fraudulent First Nations identity as an adult. While he achieved fame as a conservationist during his life, after his death the revelation of his non- Native origins and other autobiographical fabrications negatively affected his reputation. Born in England and migrating to Canada in the first decade of the 20th century, Belaney rose to prominence as a notable author, lecturer, and one of the \"\"most effective apostles of the wilderness\"\". [ 1] In his studies of the Ojibwe, Belaney learned some native harvesting techniques and trapping skills. The pivotal moment of departure for his early conservation work was when he began his relationship with a young Iroquois woman named Gertrude Bernard, who assisted in his transition from trapper to conservationist. [ 2]In working with the National Parks Branch Belaney became the subject of many films, and was established as the \"\"'caretaker of park animals' at Riding Mountain National Park in Manitoba\"\" in 1931. ["
},
{
"docid": "D3292004#0",
"title": "https://northernstarfishblog.wordpress.com/2016/12/09/the-ojibway-culture/\nThe Ojibway Culture",
"text": "The Ojibway Culture December 9, 2016 / Northernstarfishblog The Ojibwa Culture There are many different cultures under the Aboriginal umbrella, of which I will try to outline in these next few blogs! First is the Ojibwa Culture! Which natures in the north, west of Ontario and east of Manitoba. “The Ojibwa (also Ojibwe, Ojibway and Chippewa) are an Aboriginal people in Canada and the United States who are part of a larger cultural group known as the Anishinaabeg. ”Language: The Ojibwa language is a part of the Algonquian language family and is also known as Anishinaabemowin. Common english terms translated into the Ojiwa language include: “Aanii”, meaning “Hello”, “Migwetch”, meaning “Thank-You”, “Gi zah gin”, meaning “ Ilove you”, and “Gigawabamin Nagutch”, meaning “See you later”. This language was spoken by more than 25,000 people in 2011.http://www.nativetech.org/shinob/ojibwelanguage.html History: “The term Ojibwa derives from Outchibou, the 17th-century name of a group living north of present-day Sault Ste Marie, Ontario. They were one of a series of closely related but distinct groups residing between northeastern Georgian Bay and eastern Lake Superior; European explorers and traders applied the term Ojibwa to this collection of groups. Those peoples who congregated near present-day Sault Ste Marie were also called Saulteaux, a term which is now more commonly used to describe Ojibwa people in northwest Ontario and southeast Manitoba.” They also took part in fur-trade in the north land."
},
{
"docid": "D1415707#0",
"title": "http://nativeamericannetroots.net/diary/1055\nIndians 101: Acorns",
"text": "Indians 101: Acorns Posted on September 7, 2011 by Ojibwa Long before the arrival of the first Europeans, California was the home to an extremely diverse variety of Indian cultures. The California culture area has the widest variety of native languages, ecological settings, and house types of any North American culture area. One of the mainstays of the diet for the region was the acorn which was used in soup, porridge, and bread. Sixteen different species of oak provided the acorns. Because of the nutrition provided by acorns, the Native American people in California did not develop agriculture. Acorns contributed to the fact that California peoples did not experience annual famine months or develop traditions or legends dealing with famine. It is estimated that among one tribe, the Yokut, a typical family consumed 1,000 to 2,000 pounds of acorns each year. While many of the early non-Indians in California noticed that the acorn oaks which were so important to many of the California Indian nations tended to grow in regular rows, they did not understand that these trees had been planted as orchards by the Indians. There are a number of steps involved in gathering and processing the acorns. They are gathered in September and October."
},
{
"docid": "D391199#0",
"title": "http://firstpeoplesofcanada.com/fp_groups/fp_wh1.html\n.",
"text": "\"Eastern Woodland Hunters Environment / Housing Food / Hunting / Tools Transportation / Migration Religion / Ceremonies / Art / Clothing Family / Social Structure / Leadership Tribal Relations / War The people of the Eastern Woodlands are classified into two main groups, the Iroquois (Eastern Woodlands farmers) and the Algonquians (Eastern Woodlands hunters). This division is based on the roots of their languages and their main source of food. Arrival Ancestors of the Eastern Woodlands people of Canada first arrived in the region 10,000 years ago, at the end of the last Ice Age. Map Source - The Canadian Encyclopedia Location Southwest Ontario, Southern Ontario (excluding the very south that was occupied by the Eastern Woodland Farmers), Southern Quebec and the Maritime Provinces (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island). Languages Central Algonquian and Eastern Algonquian Nations Ojibwa, Ottawa, Nipissing, Algonquin (not to be mistaken from Algonquian), Maliseet, Mi'kmaq and Abenaki Note: the Abenaki are located in the USA, so they are not included in the information. Ojibwa Name \"\"Ojibwa\"\" is derived from the word \"\"Ozhibii'oweg\"\" meaning \"\"Those who keep Records of a Vision\"\" referring to their form of pictorial writing. Ojibwa girls Location Area around Lake Superior to northeast Georgian Bay. Language Central Algonquian Ottawa Name \"\"Ottawa\"\" is spelled \"\"Odawa\"\" in their native language, and means \"\"traders\"\". Ottawa noble Location Manitoulin Island and the Bruce Peninsula Language Central Algonquian Nipissing Name Their name means \"\"at the little water or lake\"\" referring to Lake Nipissing. Lake Nipissing Location Lake Nipissing area Language Central Algonquian Algonquin Location Ottawa River and area Algonquin mother and son Language Central Algonquian Maliseet Name The Maliseet call themselves \"\"Wolastoqiyik\"\". \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D2679861#0",
"title": "https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Canadian_History/The_People_of_the_Lands/Ojibwa\nCanadian History/The People of the Lands/Ojibwa",
"text": "\"< Canadian History | The People of the Lands The latest reviewed version was checked on 20 February 2018. There are 5 pending changes awaiting review.navigation search The Ojibwa are the largest group of First-Nation Indians above the Mexican Border. The tribe currently consists of around 219,000 members. The Ojibwa are also known as the Chippewa and as the Saltueurs by the French. The tribe was associated with the name Chippewa because of a different pronunciation. If you place an \"\"O\"\" in front (forming O'Chippewa) the relationship is more apparent. The Ojibwa were the largest and most powerful Great Lakes tribe [1]. They were formerly located at the outlet of Lake Superior, mainly around the Sault Ste. Marie area. The Ojibwa are now located primarily in the United States of America and Canada. Ojibwa who moved to the Prairie provinces of Canada are known as Saulteurs."
},
{
"docid": "D2972755#0",
"title": "http://www.mackinac-island-insider-tips.com/ojibwa-indians.html\nOjibwa Indians",
"text": "\"Ojibwa Indians Share |And Their Influence On Northern Michigan Life The Ojibwa Indians history is fascinating and important to all of northern Michigan. Anyone who visits Northern Michigan and wants to know about the history of the Straits of Mackinac should take the time to learn a bit about the wonderful history of the Anishinabe or First People as they refer to themselves. They are now known by two different names and a multitude of spellings given to them by the French and English as the Chippewa and the Ojibwa. Long before the first white man set foot on American soil the Anishinabe roamed the woods, lakes and streams of Michigan. Originally, this group of people lived near the St. Lawrence Seaway but over 500 years ago a vision guided them to move on to a new land and to follow their vision's quest. At the Straits of Mackinac where the two great Lakes of Huron and Michigan meet, the vision ended. The Anishinabe then divided into three groups which would become known as the three fires. The first group now known as the Pottawatomie would settle between the two lakes,the second group the Ottawa would later settle north of Lake Huron,and the Ojibwa Indians settled in the area that is now known as Sault Ste. Marie. When Europeans began to explore this region, first Jesuit Priests, then trappers and hunters, and later the armies of French, English and Americans, they found a people who were rich in culture and heritage; These people taught them how to survive in the rugged land they saw spread before them."
},
{
"docid": "D2479917#0",
"title": "http://epicroadtrips.us/2003/summer/nola/nola_offsite/FQ_en.wikipedia.org/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac%27s_Rebellion.html\nPontiac's Rebellion",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Pontiac's Rebellion A British hero of the Seven Years' War, General Jeffrey Amherst 's post-war policies provoked another war. Date: 1763 – 1766Place: Great Lakes region (North America)Result: Negotiated truce Combatants British Empire American Indians Notable Leaders Jeffrey Amherst Henry Bouquet Pontiac Guyasuta Pontiac's Rebellion was a war launched in 1763 by Native Americans who were dissatisfied with British rule in the Great Lakes region and the Ohio Country after the British victory in the French and Indian War. The war began in 1763 when Native Americans attacked a number of British forts and Anglo-American settlements; hostilities came to an end after British army expeditions in 1764 led to peace negotiations. The war was a failure for the Indians in that it did not drive away the British, but the widespread uprising prompted the British government to modify the policies that had provoked the conflict. The war is named after its most famous participant, the Ottawa leader Pontiac; variations include \"\"Pontiac's Conspiracy\"\" and \"\"Pontiac's Uprising.\"\" Scholars have long questioned the appropriateness of naming the war after Pontiac, since no single Native American led the conflict. Furthermore, descriptions such as \"\"conspiracy\"\" and \"\"rebellion\"\"—first used in an era when many white historians wrote from an overtly racist perspective—suggest an illegitimate revolt against British authority. Alternate titles such as the \"\"Western Indians' Defensive War of 1763\"\" have not caught on; the predominant usage among historians today is probably \"\" Pontiac's War . \"\" Today, perhaps the best-known incident from the war is when British officers at Fort Pitt attempted to infect the attacking Indians with blankets that had been exposed to smallpox. ("
},
{
"docid": "D1907500#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chippewa\nOjibwe",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Chippewa)navigation search\"\"Chippewa\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Chippewa (disambiguation) and Ojibway (disambiguation). This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. ( January 2010) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ojibwe (Chippewa)Distribution of Ojibwe-speaking people Total population170,742 in United States (2010) [1]Regions with significant populations Canada ( Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba) United States ( Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota)Languages English, Ojibwe, French Religion Midewiwin, Catholicism, Methodism Related ethnic groups Odawa, Potawatomi, Oji-Cree, and other Algonquian peoples The Ojibwe, Ojibwa, or Chippewa are an Anishinaabeg group of Indigenous Peoples in North America, known among many Indigenous peoples as Turtle Island. They live in Canada and the United States and are one of the largest Indigenous ethnic groups north of the Rio Grande. In Canada, they are the second-largest First Nations population, surpassed only by the Cree. In the United States, they have the fifth-largest population among Native American tribes, surpassed only by the Navajo, Cherokee, Choctaw and Lakota-Dakota-Nakota people. The Ojibwe people traditionally have spoken the Ojibwe language, a branch of the Algonquian language family. They are part of the Council of Three Fires and the Anishinaabeg, which include the Algonquin, Nipissing, Oji-Cree, Odawa and the Potawatomi."
},
{
"docid": "D3129917#0",
"title": "http://nativeamericannetroots.net/diary/1726\nTraditional Native Concepts of Death",
"text": "Traditional Native Concepts of Death Posted on September 1, 2014 by Ojibwa Many religious traditions, but not all, put forth an explanation about what happens after death. There are many religious traditions which claim there is an afterlife of some type, that death is not the end but is a transition. In some cultures the afterlife is seen as being similar to life, while in others there are several afterlife possibilities based on a person’s actions in this life. It should be pointed out that in the several hundred distinct American Indian languages, there was no single world which could be translated as “religion.” This does not mean, as many Christian missionaries have assumed, that Indians did not have religion. Rather, it shows that religion was not a separate category of life but was closely integrated with the culture. At the beginning of the European invasion, there was not a single Native American religion, but rather there were 500 religions. What this means is that it is difficult, if not impossible, to make broad generalizations about traditional American Indian beliefs about death. One of the other problems or concerns in writing about Indian religions in general, and about traditional Indian concepts of death in particular, is that many of those who recorded these concepts did so through a Christian frame of reference. Many of the books written about Indian religions by non-Indians are really not about traditional religions, but are filtered through Christianity and Christian concepts."
},
{
"docid": "D1889295#0",
"title": "http://nativeamericannetroots.net/diary/1906\nThe Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo",
"text": "The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Posted on April 17, 2015 by Ojibwa While Mexico declared its independence from Spain on September 16, 1810, it did not actually obtain its independence until September 27, 1821. In the Plan de Iguala, Mexico did away with all legal distinctions regarding Indians and reaffirmed that Indians were citizens of Mexico on an equal basis with non-Indians. In other words, Mexico, unlike the United States, gave Indians full citizenship and recognized that Indians had rights to their land. In the newly established country of Mexico, Spanish policies were blamed for Indian poverty and many felt that by erasing racial, caste, and class distinctions that Spain’s legacy of paternalism could be rectified. According to Daniel Tyler, in an article in the New Mexico Historical Review : “Even the word ‘Indian’ was supposed to be abolished on public and private documents.” The Catholic Church, however, opposed equality and advocated a return to the colonial mission system. In reality, each state determined for itself how to incorporate Indians into the new nation. In 1848, the United States ended its war with Mexico with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. In this treaty, Mexico gave the United States what is now the Southwest. One newspaper reported: “we take nothing by conquest…Thank God."
},
{
"docid": "D148118#0",
"title": "http://nativeamericannetroots.net/diary/920\nIndian Names of the Southern & Central Plains Tribes",
"text": "Indian Names of the Southern & Central Plains Tribes Posted on April 9, 2011 by Ojibwa The Great Plains is a huge American Indian culture area which is generally sub-divided into the Northern, Central, and Southern Plains. Among the Indian nations of the Central and Southern Plains, the customs regarding names-their use as well as the naming process-varied greatly among the different cultures. Central Plains The Central Plains lie south of the South Dakota-Nebraska border and north of the Arkansas River. It includes Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, southeastern Wyoming, and western Colorado. At the time when the Europeans began their invasion of this area it was the home to Indian nations such as the Ponca, Omaha, Osage, Otoe, Quapaw, Iowa, Missouria, Kansa (also known as Kaw), Pawnee, Wichita, Arapaho, Cheyenne, Yankton Sioux, and the Teton Sioux. Among the Otoe and Missouria, the child was given a name on the fourth day after birth to insure a long and successful life. Each name included a song which became the property of the owner (the person who now carried the name). The naming ceremony was the initiation of the child into the clan. As an adult, an individual might take on a new name based on a vision or on some deed. Otoe and Missouria children were also given nicknames by the mother’s brother."
},
{
"docid": "D1657826#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_rice\nWild rice",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For wild rice related to cultivated forms, see Rice. \"\" Indian rice\"\" redirects here. The wildflower Fritillaria camschatcensis is sometimes also called \"\"Indian rice\"\" or \"\"wild rice\"\". For the wild rice of India and Bangladesh, see Porteresia. \"\" Zizania\"\" redirects here. For the patrol craft tender which served in the United States Navy from 1917 to 1919, see USS Zizania. Wild rice Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Monocots Clade: Commelinids Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Subfamily: Oryzoideae Tribe: Oryzeae Subtribe: Zizaniinae Genus: Zizania L. Species Zizania aquatica L. Zizania aquatica var. aquatica Zizania aquatica var. brevis Fassett Zizania latifolia ( Griseb.) Turcz."
}
] |
620268
|
what did the panama canal treaty say?
|
[
{
"docid": "D1310113#0",
"title": "https://billofrightsinstitute.org/educate/educator-resources/lessons-plans/presidents-constitution/panama-canal/\nPanama Canal Treaties: Jimmy Carter",
"text": "Panama Canal Treaties: Jimmy Carter Home / Educate / Educator Resources / Free Lesson Plans / Presidents and the Constitution e Lessons / Panama Canal Treaties: Jimmy Carter The Panama Canal Treaties: Jimmy Carter Summary Though both negative public opinion and Senate objection originally stood in his way, President Jimmy Carter was able to achieve the two-thirds majority necessary for Senate ratification of the Panama Canal Treaties of 1977. This month’s Presidents and the Constitution e Lesson traces Carter’s approach to securing the “advice and consent” of the Senate in this controversial foreign policy issue. Resources You Tube – President Carter’s Statement on the Panama Canal Narrative In 1903, the United States received authority to build a canal in Panama and to control the Panama Canal Zone “in perpetuity,” in exchange for annual payments to Panama. By the 1960s, Latin American resentment of U. S. power was growing. In 1977, newly elected President Jimmy Carter, fulfilling a campaign promise, set out to negotiate a new agreement with Panama. He believed that a new treaty was needed to correct what he saw as injustices. In spite of vocal opposition from Congress and the American public, Carter negotiated two new treaties: 1. The United States would retain the right to defend the canal forever. 2. The Canal Zone would be turned over to Panama in 1979, and a transfer of the operation of the canal would be complete by 1999."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1310114#0",
"title": "http://www.czimages.com/CZMemories/Articles/sellout/sellout.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Jimmy Carter forced Congress to pass the Panama Canal Treaties against the best interests of the people of the United States. BY EDWARD RASENArticle from Penthouse Magazine, November 1979I hope we never hear the word Panama again,\"\" said Jody Powell, Jimmy Carter's trusted aide. Supposedly this sentiment was shared by the \"\"Deacon\"\" the president himself. While sitting in his little study next to the Oval Office, listening to a Wagnerian opera, pondering communiqués from Tehran and Panama City Carter must have spent a lot of time wondering why one man he frequently called his \"\"great friend,\"\" the shah of lran, had lied to him, and why his \"\"friend Omar Torrijos\"\" was trying to blackmail him politically Carter's desire to forget Panama is understandable. As a presidential candidate, he said he would never lie to us. In regard to Panama, the question is whether he ever told us the truth. To this day much of the real story about the two canal treaties (the first is meant to allow gradual Panamanian \"\"control of the zone\"\" through 1999; the second will completely relinquish it all to Panama in the year 2000) has been obfuscated by sophisticated propaganda. In March 1978 the canal supporters gathered at the White House, opened bottles of champagne, cheered and patted each other on the back, and Jimmy let loose a four-square Baptist smile that signaled the salvation of his presidency The final count was in: the Senate, by one vote, endorsed the canal deal. They raised their glasses and toasted Panama: their first \"\"foreign policy victory. ”Of course, no one is yet quite sure what, in fact, the Senate vote really meant: whether an international agreement, of doubtful legality distorted by propaganda, political sloganeering, special-interest lobbying, presidential arm twisting, corruption, deception, and cover-up signaled the salvation of the Carter presidency or a continuation of dirty politics and executive deception."
},
{
"docid": "D2249444#0",
"title": "http://cms.uflib.ufl.edu/pcm/timeline/americaneraroosevelt.aspx\nThe American Era: Roosevelt and the Panama Canal Treaty",
"text": "The American Era: Roosevelt and the Panama Canal Treaty Panama declared itself independent and wanted to complete the Panama Canal, and opened negotiations with us. “ I had two courses open. I might have taken the matter under advisement and put it before the Senate, in which case we should have had a number of most able speeches on the subject, and they would have been going on now, and the Panama Canal would be in the dim future yet. We would have had a half a century of discussion afterward.” -Theodore Roosevelt1898 Spanish American War allows the United States to acquire the Philippines and Puerto Rico, and to annex Hawaii. Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Theodore Roosevelt, perceives the need for easy access to the Atlantic and the Pacific by the navy. He supports a canal across Panama.1901 The second Hay-Pauncefote Treaty is signed. The United States is given extensive rights by Great Britain for building and operating a canal through Central America. President William Mc Kinley is assassinated and Vice President Theodore Roosevelt became the 26th President.1902 United States Senate votes in favor of Panama as the canal site. US support for a $40 million purchase is based on Congressional acceptance for a canal in Panama rather than Nicaragua, and the acquisition of land to serve as a canal zone."
},
{
"docid": "D32653#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/17644813/ap-us-history-list-of-important-treaties-flash-cards/\nAP U.S. History - List of Important Treaties",
"text": "\"42 terms JMWood AP U. S. History - List of Important Treaties A list of all of the major treaties learned in my AP United States History class for the 2012-2013 school year. Definitions from various notecard sets from www. APStudent.com Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Treaty of Hartford (1638) Ended Pequot War, slowly dissolved the Pequot nation, outlawed their language/alphabet, forced them to assimilate, divided land among survivors Treaty of Ryswick (1697) The 1697 treaty of Ryswick was a formal agreement between France and Spain dividing the island Hispañola into two halfs. The east side was Spanish, and called the Dominacan Rebublic. The west side was French, and called Haiti. They both grew cotton, tobaco, sugar, coffee, and cattle. They needed land and labor. They had a trade triangle and the 3rd leg was slave trade and transportation. Treaty of Utrecht (1713) Ended Queen Anne's War. France gave Britain Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and the Hudson Bay region."
},
{
"docid": "D815174#0",
"title": "http://www.historydoctor.net/Advanced%20Placement%20United%20States%20History/Imperialism%20-%20Notes.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Imperialism and an American Empire Isolationism had been the policy of the United States since its inception. Shi: As early as 1789, John Adams had warned Congress against involving the U. S. in the affairs of Europe. \"\" Our business with them and theirs with us is commerce, not politics, much less war.\"\" George Washington in his farewell address warned Americans to avoid \"\"entangling alliances. \"\" In his farewell address, Clinton attributed this quote to Thomas Jefferson’s inaugural address. Jefferson did warn against alliances; however the \"\"entangling alliances\"\" language was Washingtonian After Civil war, a renewed mood of Isolationism swept the U. S. Several things allowed the U. S. to enjoy what one historian has called \"\"free security. \"\"· There were wide oceans on each side that served as a buffer against attack by foreign countries.· The British Navy stood between the U. S. and the other European powers, and the U. S. had managed to maintain reasonably friendly relations with Great Britain.· All other countries in the Western Hemisphere were militarily weak. By the end of the 19 th Century, this mood began to change."
},
{
"docid": "D1310115#0",
"title": "https://history.state.gov/milestones/1977-1980/panama-canal\nThe Panama Canal and the Torrijos-Carter Treaties",
"text": "NOTE TO READERS “Milestones in the History of U. S. Foreign Relations” has been retired and is no longer maintained. For more information, please see the full notice. The Panama Canal and the Torrijos-Carter Treaties One of President Jimmy Carter’s greatest accomplishments was negotiating the Torrijos-Carter Treaties, which were ratified by the U. S. Senate in 1978. These treaties gave the nation of Panama eventual control of the Panama Canal. Jimmy Carter and Omar Torrijos at the September 7th signing ceremony. ( Jimmy Carter Library)The United States acquired the rights to build and operate the Panama Canal during the first years of the 20th century. The Hay-Herrán Treaty, negotiated with the nation of Colombia in 1903, allowed the United States rights to the land surrounding the planned canal. The Colombian Senate refused to ratify the treaty, but Panama was in the process of seceding from Colombia. President Theodore Roosevelt therefore supported the cause of Panamanian independence with the Canal in mind. His support paid off, and on November 18, 1903, the United States signed the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty, establishing permanent U. S. rights to a Panama Canal Zone that stretched across the isthmus."
},
{
"docid": "D1904242#0",
"title": "http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/panama-canal-helped-make-u-s-world-power/\nHow the Panama Canal helped make the U.S. a world power",
"text": "By —Anya van Wagtendonk0 comments Share How the Panama Canal helped make the U. S. a world power World Aug 15, 2014 6:32 PM EDTConsidered one of the wonders of the modern world, the Panama Canal opened for business 100 years ago this Friday, linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and providing a new route for international trade and military transport. At the time it was built, the canal was an engineering marvel, relying on a series of locks that lift ships – and their thousands of pounds of cargo – above mountains. But thousands of workers died during its construction, and its history has seen no shortage of controversy, including a contentious transference of authority from the US to Panama in the 1970s. Work recently began on a substantial expansion effort that will allow the canal to accommodate modern cargo needs. PBS News Hour recently interviewed several regional experts to discuss the canal’s first 100 years, and to get a sense of what’s ahead. Ovidio Diaz-Espino grew up in Panama and trained as a lawyer. He is the author of How Wall Street Created a Nation: J. P. Morgan, Teddy Roosevelt, and the Panama Canal. Richard Feinberg is a professor of International Political Economy at the University of California, San Diego, and a nonresident Senior Fellow with the Latin America Initiative of the Bookings Institution. He served as special assistant to President Clinton and senior director of the National Security Council’s Office of Inter-American Affairs. Julie Greene is a professor of History at the University of Maryland, specializing in United States labor and working-class history, and co-directs the University’s Center for the History of the New America."
},
{
"docid": "D2249447#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/event/Hay-Bunau-Varilla-Treaty\nHayâBunau-Varilla Treaty",
"text": "Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty, (Nov. 18, 1903), agreement between the United States and Panama granting exclusive canal rights to the United States across the Isthmus of Panama in exchange for financial reimbursement and guarantees of protection to the newly established republic. The United States had offered similar terms to Colombia, which then controlled Panama, in the Hay–Herrán Treaty (Jan. 22, 1903), but they were rejected by the Colombian government as an infringement on its national sovereignty and because it considered the compensation inadequate. With the tacit approval of the U. S. government and the benevolent presence of the U. S. Navy in nearby waters, Panama declared its independence of Colombia on November 3, followed by de facto U. S. recognition three days later. On the 18th, Philippe Bunau-Varilla, representing Panama, met with Secretary of State John M. Hay in Washington, D. C., to negotiate the treaty that gave the United States in perpetuity a strip 10 miles (16 km) wide across the isthmus for canal construction. The United States was allowed to govern and fortify this Canal Zone. In return Panama was guaranteed its independence and received $10,000,000 outright plus an annuity of $250,000 beginning nine years later. The treaty was ratified by both countries in 1904, and the Panama Canal was completed in 1914. From its inception, there were intermittent disputes over interpretation of the treaty and charges of U. S. discrimination against Panamanians in the zone. In 1978 two new treaties were concluded detailing the steps by which the United States would transfer to Panama full control over the zone and the canal in the year 2000. Learn More in these related articles: Panama: Transcontinental railroad and canal projects…State John Hay signed the Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty."
},
{
"docid": "D406115#0",
"title": "http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/tr-panama\nTR and the Panama Canal",
"text": "\"TR | Clip TR and the Panama Canal On February 1, 1881, driven by patriotic fervor and capitalized by over 100,000 mostly small investors, the French Compagnie Universelle du Canal Interocéanique began work on a canal that would cross the Colombian isthmus of Panama and unite the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Ferdinand de Lesseps, builder of the Suez Canal, led the project. His plan called for a sea-level canal to be dug along the path of the Panama Railroad. Some 50 miles in length, the canal would be less than half as long as the Suez. De Lesseps estimated that the job would cost about $132 million, and take 12 years to complete. Europeans had dreamed of a Central American canal as early as the 16th century; President Ulysses S. Grant sent seven expeditions to study the feasibility of such a work. As travel and trade in the Western hemisphere increased, the need for a canal grew increasingly more obvious. To sail from Atlantic to Pacific, ships navigated around Cape Horn, the treacherous southern extremity of South America. A New York to San Francisco journey measured some 13,000 miles and took months. A canal across Panama would save incalculable miles and man-hours."
},
{
"docid": "D1656286#0",
"title": "http://www.smplanet.com/teaching/imperialism/\nU.S. Intervention in Latin America",
"text": "\"During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the United States pursued an aggressive policy of expansionism, extending its political and economic influence around the globe. That pivotal era in the history of our nation is the subject of this online history. Contents Expansion in the Pacific A Letter to an Emperor Footholds in the Pacific The Spanish-American War Remember the Maine Yellow Journalism A Splendid Little War A Gift from the Gods The Boxer Rebellion Spheres of Influence Fists of Righteous Harmony The Panama Canal President Roosevelt Joining the Waters U. S. Intervention in Latin America Teddy's Legacy The End of an Era Image Credits Bibliography Teacher's Guide now available Expansion in the Pacific Alfred Thayer Mahan After temporarily resolving the problems of Reconstruction and Industrialization, Americans began to resume the course of expansion. The horrors of the Civil War had interrupted the original Manifest Destiny that began in the 1840s. Now, as pioneers settled the last western frontiers, expansionists looked yet farther to the west—toward Asia and the Pacific. A leading expansionist, Captain Alfred T. Mahan, cautioned that the Pacific could \"\"be entered and controlled only by a vigorous contest.\"\" As head of the Naval War College, Mahan believed that America's survival depended upon a strong navy. He argued that a strong navy would require island possessions to serve as naval bases. The time had come, Mahan wrote, for Americans to turn their \"\"eyes outward, instead of inward only, to seek the welfare of the country. \"\" Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry American ships had long been active in the Pacific."
},
{
"docid": "D1627238#0",
"title": "http://themengesproject.blogspot.com/2008/10/chinas-control-of-panama-canal.html\nChinaâs Control of the Panama Canal Revisited.",
"text": "China’s Control of the Panama Canal Revisited. China’s Control of the Panama Canal Revisited. By Yojiro Konno with Nancy Menges. China’s increasing influence in the Western Hemisphere has been of growing interest to lawmakers on Capitol Hill. In fact, on June 11, 2008, the House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere held a hearing entitled “The New Challenge: China in the Western Hemisphere.” [ i] In the hearing, experts on Latin America pointed out that total trade between China and the Latin American and Caribbean region skyrocketed from $8.2 billion to $102 billion in less than ten years. Furthermore, those testifying mentioned that Chinese President Hu Jintao’s visit to several Latin American countries in 2004 underscored China’s increased presence in the hemisphere. During his visit, Hu stated that China would invest $100 billion in the region over the next decade. Over the past years, several Latin American countries that had no diplomatic ties with the People’s Republic of China have now established them. For instance, in 2007, Costa Rica aborted its ties with Taiwan and established diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China, primarily for economic and financial reasons. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2396096#0",
"title": "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_i89Iyay0-w\nAmerican History - Part 144 - T Roosevelt - Seals Panama Canal Deal - National Parks",
"text": "\"American History - Part 144 - T Roosevelt - Seals Panama Canal Deal - National Parks Listen And Read Along Subscribe 63KAdd to Share More4,722 views240Published on Jul 18, 2013Welcome to the MAKING OF A NATION -- American history in VOA Special English. For many years, people had dreamed of building a canal across Central America to link the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The most likely place was at the thinnest point of land: Panama. Another possible place was to the north: Nicaragua. President Roosevelt appointed a committee to decide which place would be better. Engineers said it would cost less to complete a canal that had been started in the 1880s in Panama. But, the United States would have to buy the land and building rights from a French company. The price was high: more than $100,000,000. So, the committee decided it would be less costly, overall, to build a canal in Nicaragua. The proposal went to the United States Congress for approval."
},
{
"docid": "D432482#0",
"title": "https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/treasures_of_congress/text/page25_text.html\nâ Yet, the vote, Mr. President, will be a difficult one. Every Senator knows that ratification of these treaties will not be popular, given the deep divisions in public opinion. â",
"text": "“ Yet, the vote, Mr. President, will be a difficult one. Every Senator knows that ratification of these treaties will not be popular, given the deep divisions in public opinion. ” Senator Frank Church speaking on the floor of the Senate during the debate on the Panama Canal Treaties, June 10, 1964The Constitution gives the Senate the power to approve treaties negotiated by the President with foreign powers. A two-thirds affirmative vote is necessary. One of the more difficult treaty debates in recent years was the Panama Canal treaties in 1978. In 1904 the Senate approved a treaty which gave the U. S. authority to build a canal across the Isthmus of Panama and control a 10-mile-wide canal zone. Following riots by Panamanians protesting U. S. control of the canal in 1964, the United States and Panama renegotiated the treaty, and in September 1977 President Jimmy Carter and Panamanian leader Brig. Gen. Omar Torrijos Herrera signed two treaties. The first, the Permanent Neutrality Treaty, declared the canal neutral and open to vessels of all nations. The second, the Panama Canal Treaty, provided for joint U. S.-Panama control of the canal until December 31, 1999, when Panama would take full control."
},
{
"docid": "D434422#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_did_the_settlers_in_the_West_send_their_produce_back_to_the_East_before_the_canals_were_built\nHow did the settlers in the West send their produce back to the East before the canals were built?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Uncategorized How did the settlers in the West send their produce back to the East before the canals were built? Flag How did the settlers in the West send their produce back to the East before the canals were built? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time.turnpikes.1 person found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No How were canals that were built before 1830 built and financed?state governments Colejr 46 Contributions Is Panama Canal cruising better west to east or east to west? This sounds like some one who is never satisfied. Your on a cruise ship going through the panama canal, who the HELL cares what direction your going, your in panama for god sa …Hpfan4ever2730895 19 Contributions What did the ships do before the Panama Canal was built? They had to go around the tip of South America or (which was not the favoured choice) take the North-West Passage Beasley16240 8 Contributions What canals on a US map generally ran east to west? Erie canal And Pennsylvania canal. THe Ohio-and-Erie canal is larger than both of those canals so i would say the Ohio-and-Erie, then the Erie canal before the pennsylvania ca …Why are churches alway built East to West? An orthodox church glorifies God rightly by having the door in the west so when the sun sets, Christians can walk from the darkness into the light."
},
{
"docid": "D1094637#0",
"title": "http://fpif.org/us_panama_policy_canal_bases_and_dollars/\nU.S. Panama Policy: Canal, Bases, and Dollars",
"text": "U. S. Panama Policy: Canal, Bases, and Dollars A history of mutual dependence underlies U. S.-Panama foreign policy and accounts for the patterns of dominance and dependence in bilateral relations. By John Lindsay-Poland, November 1, 1996. Print Key Problems The U. S. and Panama have convergent interests in safe and efficient interoceanic commerce. Though the Panama Canal Treaties clearly specify the removal of all U. S. troops and bases by the turn of the century, the retention of some U. S. military presence in the canal area is under discussion. Although the canal is not owned or operated by the U. S. military, the Pentagon has always had a role in canal policy. A history of mutual dependence underlies U. S.-Panama foreign policy and accounts for the patterns of dominance and dependence in bilateral relations. The two nations have convergent interests in safe, efficient commerce across the isthmus. For the U. S., this results from its status as the main user of the Panama Canal; for Panama, it is because half its population lives on the canal’s banks, and the canal generates economic benefits. The U. S. has also depended on Panama as a base for hemispheric military operations. Although the canal was the initial reason for the special U. S. attention to Panama, the selection in 1941 of the canal zone as headquarters for the U. S. Southern Command (South Com, previously the Caribbean Command) sharpened U. S. interest in Panamanian affairs."
},
{
"docid": "D1394490#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Noriega\nManuel Noriega",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other uses, see Manuel Noriega (disambiguation). This name uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Noriega and the second or maternal family name is Moreno. Manuel Noriega Mug shot after surrender to U. S. forces Born Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno February 11, 1934 Panama City, Panama Died May 29, 2017 (aged 83) Panama City, Panama Cause of death Complications from brain surgery Alma mater Chorrillos Military School School of the Americas Spouse (s) Felicidad Sieiro de Noriega Children 3Maximum Leader of the National Liberation [1]In office December 15, 1989 – December 20, 1989Preceded by Office created Succeeded by Office abolished Military Leader of Panama In office August 12, 1983 – December 20, 1989President Ricardo de la Espriella Jorge Illueca Nicolás Ardito Barletta Vallarino Eric Arturo Delvalle Manuel Solís Palma Francisco Rodríguez Preceded by Rubén Darío Paredes Military service Allegiance Panama Service/branch Panamanian Defense Forces Years of service 1967–1990Rank General Commands Panamanian Defense Forces Battles/wars Invasion of Panama Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno ( Spanish pronunciation: [maˈnwel noˈɾjeɣa]; February 11, 1934 – May 29, 2017) [a] was a Panamanian politician and military officer who was the de facto ruler of Panama from 1983 to 1989. He had longstanding ties to United States intelligence agencies: however, he was removed from power by the U. S. invasion of Panama. Born in Panama City to a poor mestizo family, Noriega studied at the Chorrillos Military School in Lima and at the School of the Americas. He became an officer in the Panamanian army, and rose through the ranks in alliance with Omar Torrijos. In 1968, Torrijos overthrew President Arnulfo Arias in a coup, establishing himself as leader; under Torrijos' government, Noriega became chief of military intelligence. After Torrijos' death in 1981, Noriega consolidated his power to become Panama's de facto ruler in 1983. From the 1950s until shortly before the U. S. invasion, Noriega worked with U. S. intelligence agencies. Noriega was one of the Central Intelligence Agency 's most valued intelligence sources, as well as one of the primary conduits for illicit weapons, military equipment and cash destined for U. S.-backed counter-insurgency forces throughout Latin America."
},
{
"docid": "D420546#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Theodore_Roosevelt\nPresidency of Theodore Roosevelt",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is part of a series about Theodore Roosevelt Political positions Electoral history Early life Family The Naval War of 1812Rough Riders Battle of San Juan Hill Governor of New York Governorship \"\"The Strenuous Life\"\"Vice President of the United States1900 Mc Kinley-Roosevelt campaign\"\"Speak softly and carry a big stick\"\"President of the United States Presidency First term Mc Kinley assassination 1st inauguration Square Deal West Wing Coal strike Booker T. Washington dinner Venezuela crisis Roosevelt Corollary Second term1904 campaign Election2nd inauguration Conservation Antiquities Act Forest Service Pure Food and Drug Act FDA Swift & Co. v. United States Meat Inspection Act Treaty of Portsmouth Nobel Prize FBIPanama Canal Great White Fleet1912 election Republican Convention Progressive Party Convention New Nationalism Assassination attempt Post Presidency African Expedition River of Doubt Expedition\"\"Citizenship in a Republic\"\" WWI volunteers Legacy Memorialsv t e Roosevelt (1904)The presidency of Theodore Roosevelt began on September 14, 1901, when he became the 26th President of the United States upon the assassination and death of President William Mc Kinley, and ended on March 4, 1909. Roosevelt had been the Vice President of the United States for only 194 days when he succeeded to the presidency. A Republican, he ran for and won a full four-year term as president in 1904, easily defeating Democratic nominee Alton B. Parker. After the Republican victory in the 1908 presidential election, Roosevelt was succeeded by his protege and chosen successor, William Howard Taft. Roosevelt, a Progressive reformer, earned a reputation as a \"\"trust buster\"\" through his regulatory reforms and anti-trust prosecutions. His presidency saw the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act, which established the Food and Drug Administration to regulate food safety, and the Hepburn Act, which increased the regulatory power of the Interstate Commerce Commission. Roosevelt took care, however, to show that he did not disagree with trusts and capitalism in principle, but was only against monopolistic practices. His \"\" Square Deal \"\" included regulation of railroad rates and pure foods and drugs; he saw it as a fair deal for both the average citizen and the businessmen. Sympathetic to both business and labor, Roosevelt avoided labor strife, most notably negotiating a settlement to the great Coal Strike of 1902. His great love was nature and he vigorously promoted the conservation movement, emphasizing efficient use of natural resources."
},
{
"docid": "D2422508#0",
"title": "http://www.pancanal.com/eng/history/history/french.html\n.",
"text": "\"THE FRENCH CANAL CONSTRUCTIONThe Geographical Society of Paris organized a committee in 1876 to seek international cooperation for studies to fill in gaps in the geographical knowledge of the Central American area for the purpose of building an interoceanic canal. The committee, a limited company, La Société Civile Internationale du Canal Interocéanique de Darien, was headed by Ferdinand de Lesseps. Exploration of the Isthmus was assigned to French Navy Lieutenant Lucien N. B. Wyse, a grandson of Lucien Bonaparte. Armand Réclus, also a naval lieutenant, was his chief assistant. After exploring several routes in the Darien-Atrato regions, Wyse returned to Paris in April 1877. De Lesseps, however, rejected all of these plans because they contained the construction of tunnels and locks. On a second Isthmian exploratory visit beginning December 6, 1877, Wyse explored two routes in Panama, the San Blas route and a route from Limon Bay to Panama City, the current Canal route. In selecting the latter, his plan was to construct a sea level canal. The route would closely parallel the Panama Railroad and require a 7,720-meter-long tunnel through the Continental Divide at Culebra. With this plan for a Panama canal, Wyse traveled to Bogota, where, in the name of the society, he negotiated a treaty with the Colombian government."
},
{
"docid": "D1003458#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_Canal\nPanama Canal",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Panama Canal Canal de PanamáA schematic of the Panama Canal, illustrating the sequence of locks and passages Specifications Locks 3 locks up, 3 down per transit; all three lanes (3 lanes of locks)Status Open, expansion opened June 26, 2016Navigation authority Panama Canal Authority History Original owner La Société internationale du Canal Principal engineer John Findlay Wallace (1904–1905), John Frank Stevens (1905–1907), George Washington Goethals (1907–1914)Date of first use August 15, 1914Location of Panama between Pacific (bottom) and Caribbean (top), with canal at top center The panamax ship MSC Poh Lin exiting the Miraflores locks, March 2013The Panama Canal ( Spanish: Canal de Panamá) is an artificial 77 km (48 mi) waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a conduit for maritime trade. Canal locks are at each end to lift ships up to Gatun Lake, an artificial lake created to reduce the amount of excavation work required for the canal, 26 m (85 ft) above sea level, and then lower the ships at the other end. The original locks are 34 m (110 ft) wide. A third, wider lane of locks was constructed between September 2007 and May 2016. The expanded canal began commercial operation on June 26, 2016. The new locks allow transit of larger, post-Panamax ships, capable of handling more cargo. [ 1]France began work on the canal in 1881, but stopped due to engineering problems and a high worker mortality rate. The United States took over the project in 1904 and opened the canal on August 15, 1914. One of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, the Panama Canal shortcut greatly reduced the time for ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, enabling them to avoid the lengthy, hazardous Cape Horn route around the southernmost tip of South America via the Drake Passage or Strait of Magellan."
},
{
"docid": "D406119#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/history/did-united-states-want-build-panama-canal-272a7766e3f669d5\nWhy Did the United States Want to Build the Panama Canal?",
"text": "Full Answer The discovery of gold in California in 1848 spurred interest in creating a shorter link between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The Panama Railway, which opened in 1855, first bridged the gap, but politicians, businessmen and military personnel all saw an all-water passage as the ideal solution. Early plans suggested a route through Nicaragua, but President Roosevelt and the U. S. Senate abandoned this option in favor of Panama. The French were the first to attempt the canal-building in Panama. From 1881 to 1884, French construction crews labored with heavy equipment over mountains and through jungles and swamps. They had to put up with not only the difficult terrain, but also ubiquitous mosquitoes carrying malaria and yellow fever. Failing in their attempt, the French sold the equipment and rights to the canal to the Americans. Panama was then part of Colombia. When Roosevelt's government had difficulty negotiating a treaty with the Colombians, the U. S. allied with some Panamanian businessmen and arranged a revolution. Within a few days, Panama declared its independence, and within a few months, it signed a treaty with the United States for the construction of the canal."
},
{
"docid": "D1674970#0",
"title": "https://www.scribd.com/doc/39143426/Unit-3-Test\nUnit Three",
"text": "Unit Three Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. __ C__ 1. What happened soon after United States Navy Commodore Matthew Perry arrived in Tokyo Bay in 1853? a. The United States annexed Hawaii. b. Japan and the United States fought for control of trade. c. Perry negotiated a U. S.-Japan treaty that allowed trade. ____ 2. When was Hawaii annexed by the United States? a. in 1887, when King Kalakaua changed the constitution b. in 1893, before Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown c. in 1898, during the Spanish-American War ____ 3. Why did the United States Navy attack ships in the Philippines during the Spanish-American War?"
}
] |
620270
|
what did the parthenon represent
|
[
{
"docid": "D244138#0",
"title": "http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/glorious-parthenon.html\nThe Glorious Parthenon",
"text": "\"share The Glorious Parthenon Posted 01.29.08 NOVAWe can only imagine how glorious the Parthenon must have appeared in the middle of the fifth century B. C., with worshippers gathered in its towering central sanctuary paying tribute to a 40-foot, gold-and-ivory statue of the goddess Athena. But classical scholar Jeffrey Hurwit, a professor of art history at the University of Oregon and expert on the architecture of the Acropolis, can at least help fuel our visions. In the following interview, he also dispels some long-held notions about ancient Greece's most legendary building. When the Parthenon was completed in 432 B. C., the gleaming marble temple atop the Acropolis would have been visible from almost anywhere in the ancient city. Enlarge Photo credit: © Emmanouil Michelakis/i Stockphoto NOVA: What is the Parthenon's legacy for western civilization? Jeffrey Hurwit: The Parthenon was the greatest monument in the greatest sanctuary of the greatest city of classical Greece. It was the central repository of the Athenians' very lofty conceptions of themselves. It was the physical, marble embodiment of their values, of their beliefs, of their myths, of their ideologies. And it was thus as much a temple to Athens and the Athenians as it was to their patron goddess, Athena herself. Because it played such a crucial role in the Athenians' construction of themselves, it remains one of the principal legacies of Greek civilization to western civilization and our own."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D375251#0",
"title": "https://owlcation.com/humanities/Athens-Golden-Age\nThe Golden Age of Athens",
"text": "\"Owlcation » Humanities » History The Golden Age of Athens Updated on December 10, 2016Anonemuss more Contact Author The Parthenon The Delian Leauge The Delian Leauge (Orange)The Golden age of Athens Intro: Athens is one of the best known cities of the ancient world. With a rich culture and a legendary legacy it is one of the best known cities of the ancient world. The Athenians endured famine, plague, wars, and the destruction of their city but the Athenians bounced back and thrived. The city was rebuilt, and it wasn't only a city state this time, with a new age approaching and Athens with a new batch of brilliant thinkers, leaders, planners, and architects the city would go through its golden age which would bring Athens to the heights of empire. Military: With a still fresh memory of the Persian Wars in their mind the Athenians quickly began preparing for a possible Persian invasion. The Athenians along with about a dozen other city states founded the Delian League. The Delian League was a group of city states who pooled ships and money to create a national Greek defense force. Athens with the help of their leader, Pericles dominated the Delian league. Since Athens was clearly the leader of the Delian league they began to take control of it. The Athenians began to treat other city states more like subjects than partners and began dominating the league going so far a forcing other members of the league to use Athenian coins."
},
{
"docid": "D3320090#0",
"title": "http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/artifact?name=Parthenon+Frieze&object=Sculpture\nParthenon Frieze (Sculpture)",
"text": "\"Permalink Collection: London, British Museum and Athens, Acropolis Museum Title: Parthenon, Frieze Context: From Athens, Acropolis Findspot: Found at Athens, Acropolis Summary: Parthenon frieze overview Sculptor: Literary attestation to Pheidias Material: Marble Sculpture Type: Architectural Category: Statuary group Placement: Exterior crown of cella Style: High Classical Technique: Low relief Original or Copy: Original Date: 447 BC - 432 BCDimensions: L 160.0 m, H 1.0 m Scale: Under life-size Region: Attica Period: High Classical Subject Description: The traditional interpretation of the Parthenon frieze is that it depicts, in some sense, a Panathenaic procession, part of the festival of the same name celebrated each year on the occasion of Athena's birthday. Beginning with the institution of Panhellenic games in 566/65 B. C., a more elaborate festival was held every fourth year known as the Greater Panathenaia. Eventually certain rituals such as the presentation of the peplos were reserved for the Greater Panathenaia (see Shear), leading most scholars to assume the procession depicted on the frieze is associated with this festival. The frieze forms a single, continuous band around the exterior of the inner building (i.e., along the top of the wall on the north and south and over the columns of the porch on the east and west). Compositionally its plan is somewhat more complex. It begins at the southwest corner of the building. Strictly speaking the west end is the \"\"back\"\" of the temple, but in fact is the side first approached by any visitor to the Acropolis. The procession then proceeds in two directions. On the west side a figure heads up a cavalcade of horses and riders, many not yet mounted, who move across the west end of the building, around the northwest corner and on up the long north side. On the south side a similar cavalcade parallels the one on the north."
},
{
"docid": "D2794933#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/1727492/art-history-semester-1-multiple-choice-flash-cards/\nArt History Semester 1 multiple choice",
"text": "\"52 terms kfreire Art History Semester 1 multiple choice Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Old Stone Age \"\"paleolithic\"\" meansprofile Animal paintings during the paleolithic period were presented in _______________ viewsbuilding up forms out of clay and cutting into stone blocks or walls relief sculpture can be created by:common in paleolithic paintings, representations of human hands arethe bodies are in profile but the horns are frontal the bulls at lascaux display a twisted perspective b/c Naram-sin An important akkadian ruler and military leader of the late third millenium BCE was _____________Sumer The stylistic conventions of rigidly frontal symmetry, abnormally large eyes, and tightly clasped hands are most characteristic ofcardinal points of the compass The white temple of Ur is oriented to thewar and peace The standard of Ur depictscitadel where can you expect to find an apadana?cerveteri important etruscan tombs were discovered atin rooms in veritable cities of the dead How did the etruscans typically bury their dead?set on a tall podium, approached from a single side, pseudoperipteral, and eclectic in its origins in contrast to a greek temple, the roman temple usually wascoffering helps lighten the weight of a dome or arch Pantheon the temple with an interior that is a single, unified, self-sufficient whole, uninterrupted by supporting solids, that demonstrates the new concept of shaping space, rather then limiting it is the:banqueters and musicians the wall painting in the tomb of the leopards portrays what? Republican Rome A strongly realistic style with a preference for portraits of the ederly is most typical ofthree cellas the etruscan temple differed from the greek temple because it had what?concrete The roman colosseum was built primarily ofroof Most architectural sculpture was made to decorate what part of the etruscan temple?pericles who was the politician most responsible for building the parthenon?amphora a greek two-handled storage jar is known as a Kritios boy the earliest example of the use of contrapposto was in the sculpture of the ______________more realistic and emotional when compared to classical style, greek hellenistic art could be classified astemple of Hera II, temple of Aphaia, and Parthenon a good example of a building in the doric style is Archaic and Early Classical Black-figure ceramics would more likely be found in conjunction with art of what periods? Severe style many art historians call the early classical phase of greek art whatpraxiteles, skopas, lysippos Who are the three great sculptors of the late classical period? Spear Bearer polykleitos' use of chiastic balance to make human movement perfect is evident in histumultous narrative, intense emotion, eroticism what characterizes hellenistic sculpture?it continues to exist in the present and it long survives its time A work of art may be considered a \"\"persisting event\"\" because, although one or more artists made it at a certain time and in a specific place,the story and the people involved for art historians subject matter encompassesorange what is not a primary colorhue what does not refer to the purity of a color?clay what is one material that can be used for additive sculpture?section the depiction of a vertical plane cutting through a building?complementary colors red and green, purple and yellow, and orange and blue are known as:texture the quality of a surface as revealed by its light is calledt t or f: lateral section is not a term used for sculptureperiod style A characteristic artistic manner of a sepcific time, usually within a distinct culture is calledhierarchy of scale intentional \"\"unnatural\"\" discrepancies in proportion constitute what art historians cal:two-dimensional area and plane refer to ___________ spaceterracotta what is Apulu of Veii made up of?temple of Athena Nike A good example of a building in ionic style is:they had high opinions of their own worth the ionic frieze from the parthenon depicting the festival suggest thatthe nike on her hand Athena Parthenos stands fully armes, may people suggest she is a reference to the athenian victory over the persians, this fact is backed up by what?panathenaic procession What subject was portrayed on the frieze around the cella of the parthenon? Laocoon Who was the priest who warned the trojans not to bring in the giant wooden horse? Andokides painter Who is usually given credit for the innovation of the red-figure technique Phidias who was the director of the sculptural program on the parthenon?cire perdue the technique that made possible the casting of a large hollow bronze statuessplit into eastern and western sections The propylaia is not Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Features Quizlet Live Quizlet Learn Diagrams Flashcards Mobile Help Sign up Help Center Honor Code Community Guidelines Students Teachers About Company Press Jobs Privacy Terms Follow us Language© 2018 Quizlet Inc. \""
},
{
"docid": "D3367176#0",
"title": "https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/dec/28/golden-ratio-us-academic\nWhy golden ratio pleases the eye: US academic says he knows art secret",
"text": "\"Art and design Why golden ratio pleases the eye: US academic says he knows art secret Many artists have proportioned work in shapes that facilitate scanning of images to brain, says professor Karen Mc Veigh@karenmcveigh1Mon 28 Dec 2009 09.21 EST09.21 ESTThis article is over 8 years old57The Parthenon in Athens: its facade is said to be circumscribed by golden rectangles, although some scholars argue this is a coincidence. Photograph: Katerina Mavrona/EPAFrom Leonardo da Vinci to Le Corbusier, the golden ratio is believed to have guided artists and architects over the centuries. Leonardo is thought to have used the golden ratio, a geometric proportion regarded as the key to creating aesthetically pleasing art, when painting the Mona Lisa. The Dutch painter Mondrian used it in his abstract compositions, as did Salvador Dali in his masterpiece The Sacrament of the Last Supper. Now a US academic believes he has discovered the reason why it pleases the eye. According to Adrian Bejan, professor of mechanical engineering at Duke University, in Durham, North Carolina, the human eye is capable of interpreting an image featuring the golden ratio faster than any other. Bejan argues that an animal's world – whether you are a human being in an art gallery or an antelope on the savannah – is orientated on the horizontal. For the antelope scanning the horizon, danger primarily comes from the sides or from behind, not from below or above, so the scope of its vision evolved accordingly. As vision developed, he argues, animals got \"\"smarter\"\" and safer by seeing better and moving faster as a result. \"\" It is well known that the eyes take in information more efficiently when they scan side to side, as opposed to up and down."
},
{
"docid": "D1870811#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/history/parthenon-located-5e1794fa1b6b5c8f\nWhere Is the Parthenon Located?",
"text": "\"History Ancient History Ancient Greece Q: Where Is the Parthenon Located? A: Quick Answer The Parthenon is located on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece. The Acropolis is home to several buildings and temples which have survived since the days of ancient Greece. Continue Reading Keep Learning When Was the Parthenon Built? What Is the Parthenon Made Out Of? Why Was the Parthenon Built? Credit: Zephyr Picture Photolibrary Getty Images Full Answer The Athenian Acropolis is a hill overlooking the city, and it once served as the religious and financial center of ancient Athens. Besides the Parthenon, some of the buildings that have survived to modern times are Athena Nike (an Ionic temple built during the Peloponnesian War), the Propylaea and the Erechtheion. The ancient Greeks built the Parthenon after another temple, which archeologists today call the \"\"Pre-Parthenon,\"\" was destroyed by Persians in 480 BC. The Greeks began construction on the current Parthenon in 447 BC."
},
{
"docid": "D1182611#0",
"title": "http://myths.e2bn.org/mythsandlegends/userstory18970-the-story-of-medusa-and-the-greek-goddess-athena.html\nThe story of Medusa and the Greek goddess Athena",
"text": "\"The story of Medusa and the Greek goddess Athena A myth submitted to the site by Shainuja Athens , Greece (The user submitted story below is similar to one version of the Medusa myth. The more common version is by the Roman poet Ovid. You can find out more about this here. - The Myths Team) Many years ago there was a beautiful women called Medusa. She lived in a place called Athens in Greece. She was a very kind and she obeyed her Greek gods and goddesses. There were many pretty girls there, Medusa was one of them. Every single day Medusa always boasted about her self. She says to other people she is the most prettiest out of everyone in the whole wide world. On Sunday, Medusa told the miller that her skin is more beautiful then fresh white snow."
},
{
"docid": "D3341194#0",
"title": "https://papermodelsonline.com/product/parthenon/\nParthenon",
"text": "Parthenon Have a school project due? These models are perfect for that last minute project!All models can be purchased for immediate download and printed on your standard home or office printer or you can purchase the pre-printed kit that is mailed to you!Starting at only $9.95 for the 7″x10″ Download!$ 9.95 – $ 24.95Delivery Size Clear Quantity Add to cart SKU: PTHNCategory: World History Tags: Acropolis, Athena, Athena Parthenos, Athena Polias, Athenian, Byzantine rule, Constantinople, Doric architecture, Fourth Crusade, Greek art, Greek goddess, Hekatompedon, Ionic architecture, Latin Empire rule, Mount Pentelicus, Ottoman empire, Ottomans, Paper Model, Paper Models, Parthenon, Peace of Callias Treaty, Persians, Pre-Parthenon, school project, school projects, The Battle of Marathon, The Golden Age, The Louvre Description Additional information Description Our pre-printed shipped kits come in three sizes. The models are printed with high quality printers on thick card stock paper for durability. We offer Priority, 3-5 day shipping or Express, 1-2 day for via United States Postal Service. But, if you can’t wait to start building your model, you can purchased your instant download and print it yourself!You will receive a download BUTTON immediately on your confirmation page once you completed your order. You can download and print the model on any regular printer. The Best Way To Get An “A”!The Buying Process No Mission Kits Allowed? These models can also be used as a template to create your own custom model. You can paint it, trace it, adjust size and use any materials you wish. These models can be a finished product or a great starting point."
},
{
"docid": "D1519398#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/29791994/art-history-test-2-information-flash-cards/\nArt History Test 2 Information",
"text": "\"38 terms stephaniebarajas49Art History Test 2 Information Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort KRITIOS BOY 480 BCE Early Classical Period Acropolis, Athens; 480 BCE; Marble; Carved by Kritos? ; how a human really stands; tilted head; severe style- showing emotion, contrapposto WARRIOR 450 BCE Early Classical Period Greek -illustrates the developing skill of ancient Greek sculptors in depicting the male nude figure -It's got an X pattern (well balanced), more relaxed. -The man held a shield (parts are still visible) on his left arm and a spear in his right hand. He may have been part of a monument commemorating a military victory, perhaps against the Persians. -Bronze with bone and glass eyes, silver teeth, and copper lips and nipples. -may have either been thrown from a sinking ship by sailors trying to lighten the load or been lost in a shipwreck. The figure illustrated here reveals a striking balance between the idealized smoothness of \"\"perfected\"\" anatomy con-forming to Early Classical standards and the reproduction of details observed from nature, such as the swelling veins on the backs of the hands. Contrapposto is even more evident than in the \"\"Kritios\"\" Boy, and the toned musculature suggests a youthfulness inconsistent with the maturity of the heavy beard and almost haggard face."
},
{
"docid": "D2907676#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_Statehouse\nIndiana State House",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Indiana Statehouse)navigation search Indiana State House U. S. National Register of Historic Places Indiana Statehouse in Indianapolis Show map of Indianapolis Show map of Indianapolis Show map of Indiana Show map of the USShow all Location W. Washington St., Indianapolis, Indiana Coordinates 39°46′7.54″N86°9′45.54″WCoordinates: 39°46′7.54″N 86°9′45.54″WBuilt 1878-1888Architect May, Edwin; Scherer, Adolf NRHP reference # 75000043 [1]Added to NRHP August 28, 1975The Indiana State House is the state capitol building of the U. S. state of Indiana. Housing the Indiana General Assembly, the office of the Governor of Indiana, the Supreme Court of Indiana, and other state officials, it is located in the state capital Indianapolis at 200 West Washington Street. Built in 1888, it is the fifth building to house the state government. The first statehouse, located in Corydon, Indiana, is still standing and is maintained as a state historic site. The second building was the old Marion County courthouse which was demolished and replaced in the early 20th century. The third building was a structure modeled on the Parthenon, but was condemned in 1877 because of structural defects and razed so the current statehouse could be built on its location. Contents [ hide ]1 History1.1 First statehouse1.2 Second statehouse1.3 Third statehouse1.4 Fourth statehouse2 Current Statehouse2.1 Construction2.2 Renovation2.3 Public artworks2.4 Gallery3 See also4 Notes5 References6 External links History [ edit]First statehouse [ edit]The first capitol building in downtown Corydon When Indiana became a state in 1816, the capital was located in Corydon. The first capitol building was a humble, two-story limestone building constructed in 1813 to house the legislature of the Indiana Territory. The building was constructed by a company owned by Dennis Pennington, a member of the early territorial legislature. Construction cost $1,500, paid for by the citizens of Harrison County, and was completed in three years."
},
{
"docid": "D1071904#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_is_phidias\nHow does phidias look like?",
"text": "\"How does phidias look like?this is what he looks like What did phidias do? Phidias was a Greek sculpture.he built the statue of Athena out of ivory and gold Phidias and praxiteles were great greek?yes they where quite famous sculptors Sammbci 15 Contributions Who is Mitchel Musso on phidias and ferb? Jeremey. Ivy3583 3 Contributions How do we know that Phidias worked at Olympia? Perhaps the greatest discovery came in 1954-58 with the excavation of the workshop at Olympia where Phidias created the statue. Tools, terracotta molds and a cup inscribed \"\"I …When was Phidias born?i just want to know when he was born for a school project Roshni F 51 Contributions Who helped Phidias build the Parthenon? Phidias had help building the Parthenon by i don't know cos i hav been trying to find it out but KNOWHERE says it Answer by Roshni F: Phidias didn't build the Parthenon, bu …Where did Phidias live? In America Bubblegum1998 65 Contributions Why is Phidias famous? Phildias was a sculpture back in 490 BC to 430 BC. He has made many famous works in his lifetime."
},
{
"docid": "D2193774#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/history/did-greek-goddess-athena-wear-e3a74fd9fb1614c9\nWhat Did the Greek Goddess Athena Wear?",
"text": "History Ancient History Ancient Greece Q: What Did the Greek Goddess Athena Wear? A: Quick Answer Traditional Greek images and statuary show Athena in typical noble Greek woman's dress with the addition of a hoplite's open-face helmet. Athena appears to be dressed in a blend of men's armor and women's clothing, though the garments vary to a certain degree. Continue Reading Keep Learning What Are Some Facts About the Greek Goddess Athena? Who Were Some of the Ancient Greek Gods and Goddesses? What Things Did Athena Do? Credit: B&Y Photography Inc. age fotostock Getty Images Full Answer Athena is generally depicted wearing a full-length woman's chiton, a type of tunic. According to a document from Central Washington University, sometimes her chiton was topped with a peplos, a garment worn for warmth. Her arms are bare so she can use her iconic shield and spear. Sometimes she is shown wearing a garment called an aegis, which may have been a type of decorative leather breastplate designed to hold a shield."
},
{
"docid": "D2319500#0",
"title": "http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/architecture/greek.htm\nGreek Architecture (c.900-27 BCE)",
"text": "\"Doric Order of Architecture The Doric order is easily identified by its plain capital, and lack of column-base. Its echinus started out flat and more splayed in Archaic-era temples, before becoming deeper and more curvaceous in Classical-era temples, and smaller and straighter during the Hellenistc period. Doric columns nearly always have grooves, or flutes (usually 20), which run the full length of the column. The flutes have sharp edges known as arrises. At the top of the columns, there are three horizontal grooves known as the hypotrachelion. The columns in early Doric-style temples (Temple of Apollo at Syracuse, Sicily, 565 BCE), may have a height to base-diameter ratio of only 4:1. Later, a ratio of 6:1 became more usual. During the Hellenistic era (323-27 BCE), the typically solid, masculine look of the Doric temple was partly replaced by slender, unfluted columns, with a height to diameter ratio of 7.5:1. In the Doric order, there are clear rules about the positioning of architectural sculpture. Reliefs, for instance, are never used to decorate walls in an arbitrary way."
},
{
"docid": "D1616070#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/Parthenon\nParthenon",
"text": "Parthenon, temple that dominates the hill of the Acropolis at Athens. It was built in the mid-5th century bce and dedicated to the Greek goddess Athena Parthenos (“Athena the Virgin”). The temple is generally considered to be the culmination of the development of the Doric order, the simplest of the three Classical Greek architectural orders. The Parthenon, Athens, Greece. © Corbis Read More on This Topic Athens: The Acropolis…more is evidenced in the Parthenon, one of the brightest jewels in humankind’s, let alone Athens’s, treasury. READ MOREDirected by the Athenian statesman Pericles, the Parthenon was built by the architects Ictinus and Callicrates under the supervision of the sculptor Phidias. Work began in 447 bce, and the building itself was completed by 438. The same year a great gold and ivory statue of Athena, made by Phidias for the interior, was dedicated. Work on the exterior decoration of the building continued until 432 bce. Although the rectangular white marble Parthenon has suffered damage over the centuries, including the loss of most of its sculpture, its basic structure has remained intact."
},
{
"docid": "D1440260#0",
"title": "https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/greek-art/beginners-guide-greece/a/introduction-to-greek-architecture\nIntroduction to Greek architecture",
"text": "\"For most of us, architecture is easy to take for granted. Its everywhere in our daily lives—sometimes elegant, other times shabby, but generally ubiquitous. How often do we stop to examine and contemplate its form and style? Stopping for that contemplation offers not only the opportunity to understand one’s daily surroundings, but also to appreciate the connection that exists between architectural forms in our own time and those from the past. Architectural tradition and design has the ability to link disparate cultures together over time and space—and this is certainly true of the legacy of architectural forms created by the ancient Greeks. The Erechtheion, 421-405 B. C. E. (Classical Greek), Acropolis, Athens, photo: Steven Zucker (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0) Greek architecture refers to the architecture of the Greek-speaking peoples who inhabited the Greek mainland and the Peloponnese, the islands of the Aegean Sea, the Greek colonies in Ionia (coastal Asia Minor), and Magna Graecia (Greek colonies in Italy and Sicily). Greek architecture stretches from c. 900 B. C. E. to the first century C. E. (with the earliest extant stone architecture dating to the seventh century B. C. E.). Greek architecture influenced Roman architecture and architects in profound ways, such that Roman Imperial architecture adopts and incorporates many Greek elements into its own practice. An overview of basic building typologies demonstrates the range and diversity of Greek architecture. \"\" Hera II,\"\" c. 460 B. C. E., 24.26 x 59.98 m, Greek, Doric temple from the classical period likely dedicated to Hera, Paestum (Latin) previously Poseidonia, photo: Steven Zucker (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0)Temple The most recognizably “Greek” structure is the temple (even though the architecture of Greek temples is actually quite diverse)."
},
{
"docid": "D510952#0",
"title": "http://ancient-greece.org/architecture/parthenon2.html\nThe Parthenon",
"text": "The Parthenon Continued from page 1As a post and lintel temple, the Parthenon presents no engineering breakthrough in building construction. However its stylistic conventions have become the paradigm of Classical architecture, and its style has influenced architecture for many centuries after it was built. The Parthenon is a large temple, but it is by no means the largest one in Greece. Its aesthetic appeal emanates from the refinement of many established norms of Greek architecture, and from the quality of its sculptural decoration. The Parthenon epitomizes all the ideals of Greek thought during the apogee of the Classical era through artistic means. The idealism of the Greek way of living, the attention to detail, as well as the understanding of a mathematically explained harmony in the natural world, were concepts that in every Athenian’s eyes set them apart from the barbarians. These ideals are represented in the perfect proportions of the building, in its intricate architectural elements, and in the anthropomorphic statues that adorned it. Some of these details were found in other Greek temples while some were unique to the Parthenon. The temple owes its refined appeal to the subtle details that were built into the architectural elements to accommodate practical needs or to enhance the building’s visual appeal. The fact that there are no absolute straight lines on the Parthenon bestows a subtle organic character to an obvious geometric structure."
},
{
"docid": "D3341191#0",
"title": "http://www.elginism.com/elgin-marbles/meaning-parthenon-frieze/20140829/7444/\nElginism",
"text": "A few years ago, the commonly accepted theory was that the Parthenon Frieze depicted the Panathenaic Procesion. Recently though, various alternative theories have been put forward that possibly it is illustrating some completely different event. Joan Breton Connelly’s book, the Parthenon Enigma bases a fictional story around another possible meaning of the frieze. The Parthenon Enigma Author: Joan Breton Connelly Publisher: Alfred A. Knopf ISBN: 030759338XFrom: Weekly Standard Deep Frieze Meaning What is the Parthenon telling us? Sep 8, 2014, Vol. 19, No. 48 • By A. E. STALLINGSThe Parthenon represents, for many, a golden age in human achievement: the 5th-century b.c. Greek flowering of democracy, sciences, and the arts. But what if its chief ornament, the Parthenon frieze, turned out to be not an embodiment of reason and proportion—of stillness at the heart of motion, quiet piety, and enlightened civic responsibility—but (or, rather, also) something darker, more primitive: a representation of the critical moment in an ancient story of a king at war, a human sacrifice, and a goddess’s demand for virgin blood? That’s the argument at the heart of The Parthenon Engima."
},
{
"docid": "D1263221#0",
"title": "http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/talking_point/1500370.stm\n.",
"text": "\"You are in: Talking Point Front Page World UKUK Politics Business Sci/Tech Health Education Entertainment Talking Point Forum In Depth Audio Video SERVICESDaily E-mail News Ticker Mobiles/PDAs Feedback Help Low Graphics Friday, 24 August, 2001, 11:25 GMT 12:25 UKShould the Elgin Marbles be returned to Greece? The UK Government has turned down a Greek request for the temporary return of the disputed Elgin Marbles in time for the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens. The Greek Government had written to Culture Secretary Tessa Jowell asking for the return of the antiquities, officials at the Department for Culture, Media and Sport confirmed. Known in Greece as the Parthenon sculptures, they date from between 447 and 432 BC, are now housed in the British Museum in London. They were removed from Greece more than 200 years ago by British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, Lord Elgin. Should the Elgin Marbles be returned to Greece? This debate is now closed. Read a selection of your comments below. When will the more colonially-minded Brits realise that they don't have an empire any more? They should just grow up and realise that the Parthenon marbles are just as \"\"at home\"\" in the British Museum as a deep-sea bass is in the Sahara."
},
{
"docid": "D696425#0",
"title": "https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/mythology-test-2/deck/5765908\nMythology Test 2",
"text": "\"Deities associated the earth and underworld are called _____.gods The food of the gods is _____ambrosia The drink of the gods is _____.nectar A blood-like substance called _____ flows in the veins of the gods.ichorzeus animalseaglehera's animalspeacockposieden athena animalaphrodites animal ares animal Individuals of mixed parentage (divine and mortal) are called _____All heroes in Greek and Roman myths are demigods.t or f If Greek religion were completely montheistic, the supreme deity would most likely be _____. The most significant religious act in Greek ritual was animal _____. According to Protagoras, \"\"_____ is the measure of all things.\"\" The \"\"Father of History\"\" is _____. Demeter, Dionysus, and Orpheus are all associated with Mystery Religions.t or Fplaces where Athena are especially honored3 Nereid A group of bird-like creatures with the features of women are the The son of Peleus and Thetis was the mighty warrior The goddess of the rainbow is The most important of the Gorgon sisters wa Poseidon's son _____ was stricken with love for the Nereid Galatea The Roman name for Poseidon is p oseidon's son _____ is often depicted as a merman blowing a conch shell. Poseidon carries a three-pronged fork called the The wife of Poseidon is The Graeae and the Gorgons appear prominently in the story o The goddess _____ serves as the personal messenger of Hera The offspring of Nereus and Doris are known as the _____ The English word \"\"protean\"\" means _____he children of Oceanus and Tethys are know collectively as the ______. Sometimes one must \"\"choose between Scylla and _____One of the most beautiful temples of Poseidon can be visited at _____, at the tip of the Attic peninsula. What two land animals are particularly associated with Poseidon?he waist of the monster _____ was circled with a ring of dogs' heads The god _____ is often called \"\"earth shaker The two \"\"opposing\"\" deities in the play Hippolytus are _____ and _____. Artemis is the deity of which heavenly body? What is the term for an offering of food left for Artemis?"
},
{
"docid": "D863642#0",
"title": "http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0009%3Achapter%3D9\nThomas R. Martin, An Overview of Classical Greek History from Mycenae to Alexander",
"text": "\"Athenian Empire in the Golden Age The struggle against the Persian invasion had occasioned a rare interval of inter-state cooperation in ancient Greek history. The two most powerful city-states, Athens and Sparta, had put aside their mutual suspicions stemming from their clash at the time of Cleisthenes' reforms 1 in order to share the leadership of the united Greek military forces. Their attempt to continue this cooperation after the repulse of the Persians, however, ended in failure. Out of this failure arose the so-called Athenian Empire, a modern label invented to point out the political and economic dominance Athens came to exercise over other Greek states in an alliance originally set up as a voluntary association of its members against Persia. The Establishment of an Athenian Empire The victorious Greeks decided in 478 B. C. to continue a naval alliance in order to attack the Persian outposts that still existed in far northern Greece and western Anatolia, especially Ionia. The Spartans naturally assumed leadership of this alliance, continuing the position that they had held at the had of the Greek coalition formed to resist the invasion of Xerxes. The conduct of the Spartan commander, Pausanias 2, soon caused disaffection among the Greek allies, however, and Athens soon took over the position of hegemon (leader by consensus) of the alliance. This change in leadership marked the beginning of the establishment of what would become an Athenian Empire. The Misconduct of Pausanias the Spartan The Spartan Pausanias, victor of the battle of Plataea, was chosen to lead the first expedition of the naval alliance against the remaining Persian outposts in Greek territory. His arrogant and violent behavior 3, especially toward women, quickly led to dissatisfaction with Spartan leadership among the Greek allies."
},
{
"docid": "D468220#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Athens\nHistory of Athens",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search The Acropolis of Athens by Leo von Klenze (1846)Athens is one of the oldest named cities in the world, having been continuously inhabited for at least 5000 years. [ 1] Situated in southern Europe, Athens became the leading city of Ancient Greece in the first millennium BC, and its cultural achievements during the 5th century BC laid the foundations of western civilization. During the early Middle Ages, the city experienced a decline, then recovered under the later Byzantine Empire and was relatively prosperous during the period of the Crusades (12th and 13th centuries), benefiting from Italian trade. Following a period of sharp decline under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, Athens re-emerged in the 19th century as the capital of the independent and self-governing Greek state. AthensἈθῆναι900 BC – 146 BCOwl of Athena Capital Athens Languages Attic Greek Religion Greek Polytheism Government Aristocracy (until 510 BC)Democracy (From 510 BC)Legislature Ecclesia• Council Boule Historical era Archaic / Classical• Established c.900 BC• Solon's Reforms 594 BC• Cleisthenes establishes democracy 510 BC• Peloponnesian War 431 BC• Subjugation by Macedon338 BC• Roman conquest of Achaea146 BCCurrency Drachma Preceded by Succeeded by Greek Dark Ages Achaea (Roman province)Today part of Greece Contents [ hide ]1 History1.1 Geographical setting2 Antiquity2.1 Origins and early history2.2 Reform and Democracy2.3 Classical Athens2.3.1 Early Athenian military history and Persian era2.3.2 Artists and philosophers2.3.3 Peloponnesian War2.3.4 Athenian coup of 411 BC2.3.5 Corinthian War and the Second Athenian League2.3.6 Athens under Macedon2.4 Hellenistic Athens2.5 Roman Athens3 Middle Ages3.1 Byzantine Athens3.2 Latin Athens3.2.1 Burgundian period3.2.2 Aragonese period3.2.3 Florentine period4 Modern history4.1 Ottoman Athens4.2 Independence from the Ottomans4.3 Modern Athens4.3.1 Athens during World War II4.3.2 Postwar Athens4.3.3 Athens today4.3.4 Recent historical population5 Ancient sites in Athens6 Notable Athenians6.1 Ancient and medieval periods6.2 Modern period7 See also8 Notes9 Sources10 Further reading11 External links History [ edit]The name of Athens, connected to the name of its patron goddess Athena, originates from an earlier Pre-Greek language. [ 2] [ verification needed] The etiological myth explaining how Athens acquired this name through the legendary contest between Poseidon and Athena was described by Herodotus, [3] Apollodorus, [4] Ovid, Plutarch, [5] Pausanias and others. It even became the theme of the sculpture on the West pediment of the Parthenon. Both Athena and Poseidon requested to be patrons of the city and to give their name to it, so they competed with one another for the honour, offering the city one gift each. Poseidon produced a spring by striking the ground with his trident, [6] symbolizing naval power. The contest of Athena and Poseidon, West Pediment of the Parthenon Athena created the olive tree, symbolizing peace and prosperity."
}
] |
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what did the patrick henry do
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[
{
"docid": "D1372619#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_Patrick_Henry_do\nWhat did Patrick Henry do?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History American Revolution Patrick Henry What did Patrick Henry do? Flag What did Patrick Henry do? Answer by Rrblack Confidence votes 49Patrick Henry is perhaps best known for the speech he made in the House of Burgesses on March 23, 1775, in Saint John's Church in Richmond, Virginia. the House was undecided on whether to mobilize for military action against the encroaching British military force, and Henry argued in favor of mobilization. he ended his speech with words that have since become immortalized: \"\"is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? forbid it, Almighty God! i know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!\"\" the crowd jumped up and shouted \"\"to arms! to arms! \"\" 6 people found this useful Was this answer useful?"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1579546#0",
"title": "https://www.reference.com/history/did-states-limit-powers-central-government-under-articles-confederation-7aaac0e78a11f05\nHow Did the States Limit the Powers of the Central Government Under the Articles of Confederation?",
"text": "\"History Modern History US History Q: How Did the States Limit the Powers of the Central Government Under the Articles of Confederation? A: Quick Answer The Articles of Confederation, the document that outlined how the United States would be governed prior to the Constitution, was written in 1775 on the principle of individual state independence and gave no power to the central government. The Articles outlined a loose alliance of sovereign states rather than a country, but because the central government could not even levy taxes, the Constitution was drafted in 1787. Continue Reading Keep Learning What Was Wrong With the Articles of Confederation? When Were the Articles of Confederation Approved? What Was the Significance of the \"\"one Vote Per State\"\" Clause in the Articles of Confederation? Full Answer When the Articles of Confederation were created, the budding American nation was in the process of fighting for its freedom from an oppressive distant government. Benjamin Franklin, a proponent of independence, drafted a set of articles that gave power almost entirely to local government. According to the Articles, the central government would have no executive branch or direct judicial system. It would not be able to levy taxes or draft an army."
},
{
"docid": "D1372618#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20121022175728AAoF6e5\nPlease help! What did Patrick Henry do?",
"text": "\"Arts & Humanities History Please help! What did Patrick Henry do? Well tomorrow I'm doing a presentation and I have only written down about 5 words? Umm, look. I need help. I've already got down the things that aren't important. Everytime I check for answers on google it always confuses me. I don't exactly understand it.. What I'm looking for is, what did... show more Follow 3 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Patrick Henry was an American revolutionary and statesman. He was a farmer and a store owner who opposed the Stamp Act and was a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses. His gift of oratory was noteworthy and he opposed the Constitution on the grounds he believed the United States did not require a strong central government - more power for the states."
},
{
"docid": "D2360168#0",
"title": "http://christendom.edu/chronicler2011/latest/files/archive-feb-2011.php\nSilence & Recitations",
"text": "\"Silence & Recitations February 24, 2011Name: Mary Angeline Bratt Age: 19 Year: Sophomore From: Dixon, Illinois Major: Undeclared Hobbies? Skiing, tennis, reading, singing What's your favorite class/professor? I can't say I have a favorite. They are all intriguing in their own way, and the subject materiel overlaps so that they come to the same truths in different ways. What extra-curricular activities do you participate in? Intramural volleyball, because my sister makes me... the extra curricular activities help you meet people and they're a good way to relax and hang out with friends outside of classes. What is your favorite thing about Christendom? The classes, because they examine the world in a truthful light, and the friendships you can make—because they are genuine. Why did you choose Christendom? My older sisters came here and really liked the education."
},
{
"docid": "D608282#0",
"title": "http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/13890-the-second-amendment-was-ratified-to-preserve-slavery\nThe Second Amendment Was Ratified to Preserve Slavery",
"text": "\" (Photo: Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery)In these troubling and surreal times, honest journalism is more important than ever. Help us keep real news flowing: Make a donation to Truthout today. The real reason the Second Amendment was ratified, and why it says \"\"State\"\" instead of \"\"Country\"\" (the framers knew the difference -- see the 10th Amendment), was to preserve the slave patrol militias in the southern states, which was necessary to get Virginia's vote. Founders Patrick Henry, George Mason and James Madison were totally clear on that... and we all should be too. In the beginning, there were the militias. In the South, they were also called the \"\"slave patrols,\"\" and they were regulated by the states. In Georgia, for example, a generation before the American Revolution, laws were passed in 1755 and 1757 that required all plantation owners or their male white employees to be members of the Georgia Militia, and for those armed militia members to make monthly inspections of the quarters of all slaves in the state. The law defined which counties had which armed militias and even required armed militia members to keep a keen eye out for slaves who may be planning uprisings. See more news and opinion from Thom Hartmann at Truthout here. As Dr. Carl T. Bogus wrote for the University of California Law Review in 1998, \"\"The Georgia statutes required patrols, under the direction of commissioned militia officers, to examine every plantation each month and authorized them to search 'all Negro Houses for offensive Weapons and Ammunition' and to apprehend and give twenty lashes to any slave found outside plantation grounds. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D3025906#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/8828528/articles-of-confederation-constitution-bill-of-rights-flash-cards/\nArticles of Confederation, Constitution, Bill of Rights",
"text": "\"70 terms pink21Articles of Confederation, Constitution, Bill of Rightsopen note Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Land Ordinance of 1785 acerage of the Northwest to be sold and proceeds used to pay off National debt. established an efficient system to survey and auction lands west of the Appalachian Mountains. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 A framework passed by the national Congress under the Articles of Confederation to decide which western U. S. territories (Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, and Indiana) could become states. Because the ordinance also abolished slavery and established basic civil liberties (trial by jury, freedom of religion) in the Northwest Territory, it is often seen as an important first step toward the creation of the Bill of Rights. Shay's Rebellion 1786, Mass. had high taxes. 1/3 of average farmer's income. Farmers lost their farmer through mortgage, high taxes, debtor's jail, and so demanded lower taxes + paper money and rebelled. PART IN THE CONSTITUTION: Article 1, Section 8Debtor someone who owes money to government or bank, generally regular citizens or farmers in debt after revolution due to agricultural depression."
},
{
"docid": "D3045477#0",
"title": "https://www.docsoffreedom.org/student/readings/the-bill-of-rights\nThe Bill of Rights",
"text": "\"The Bill of Rights The Constitution of the United States was written by the delegates to the Constitutional Convention during the summer of 1787. Nine of the 13 states would have to ratify it before it could go into effect for those states. The debate between Federalists (who favored the Constitution) and Anti-Federalists (who did not) raged for months in newspapers, pamphlets, and state legislatures. The Anti-Federalists had many objections to the Constitution. One of those objections was that it did not have a bill of rights. Bills of rights had been part of the traditional ways the British had tried to limit the King’s power. And even though the Constitution established a limited government by the people, many believed a bill of rights was needed. Thomas Jefferson, who was serving in Paris as ambassador to France, received a copy of the Constitution and was anxious to share his thoughts with Madison. Jefferson’s letter objected to “the omission of a Bill of Rights providing clearly…for freedom of religion, freedom of the press, protection against standing armies...” (Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, December 20, 1787). Thomas Jefferson, who was serving in Paris as ambassador to France, received a copy of the Constitution and was anxious to share his thoughts with Madison."
},
{
"docid": "D497615#0",
"title": "http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/March/On-This-Day--Patrick-Henry-Delivers-Liberty-or-Death-Speech.html\nOn This Day: Patrick Henry Delivers âLiberty or Deathâ Speech",
"text": "Home » Beyond the Headlines » On This Day Today's Happy Birthday Happy Birthday, Steve Jobs, Creator of Apple Computers February 24, 2012 06:00 AMmore »Educators, challenge your students to learn vital Web research skills and study an event in history with the On This Day Challenge. Participating classes will be eligible for prizes and could be featured on finding Dulcinea. Learn more >>More On This Day On This Day: Ford Model T Unveiled October 01, 2014 05:00 AMOn This Day: Richard Nixon Delivers “Checkers Speech”September 23, 2014 06:00 AMOn This Day: John Adams and Thomas Jefferson Die July 04, 2014 06:00 AM9 Historical Events That Occurred on Christmas Day December 20, 2013 09:00 AMOn This Day: US Forces Invade Panama December 20, 2013 06:00 AMOn This Day: Nelson Mandela Elected President May 09, 2012 06:00 AMOn This Day: V-E Day Ends World War II in Europe May 08, 2012 06:00 AMOn This Day: Wounded Knee Standoff Ends May 08, 2012 05:00 AMOn This Day: Book Reveals That Nancy Reagan Contacted Astrologers for Advice May 03, 2012 06:00 AMOn This Day: Mayday Tribe Anti-War Protesters Clash With Police in Washington May 03, 2012 05:00 AMmore »Library of Congress Patrick Henry delivering his “Liberty or Death” speech in an 1876 lithograph by Currier & Ives. On This Day: Patrick Henry Delivers “Liberty or Death” Speech March 23, 2011 06:00 AMby Kate Davey On March 23, 1775, Patrick Henry spoke at the second Virginia Convention urging his fellow delegates to join the revolution. “Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death”Patrick Henry had established a reputation as a skilled orator and radical advocate for American independence while serving as delegate in the Virginia House of Burgesses and First Continental Congress. In 1765, he had advocated treason against King George III; now, as the American Colonies stood on the brink of war with Britain, Henry called for Virginia to take up arms in self-defense. On March 23, 1775, at the Second Virginia Convention in St. John’s Church in Richmond, Va., Henry addressed about 120 of his fellow delegates, including Thomas Jefferson, George Washington and Richard Henry Lee. While some delegates favored reconciliation with Britain, Henry urged Virginians to prepare for war: “It is in vain, sir, to extenuate the matter. Gentlemen may cry, Peace, Peace but there is no peace. The war is actually begun!"
},
{
"docid": "D469508#0",
"title": "http://www.historyofengland.net/british-empire/ireland-the-first-colony\nHistory of England",
"text": "\"This section is written in two parts. Firstly an extended summary which gives the reader an overall view of Irish history and secondly a longer, strictly chronological section which includes all the important historical milestones. Extended Summary England's oldest colony. This short section looks at the history of the Irish people, who the English never seemed to be able to understand and always came off second best to other more important territories under English rule. ( Particularly in France in the Middle Ages and India under Victoria)1500 years ago and before The Irish psyche Ireland was never invaded, ruled and unified by the culturally sophisticated, logical and practical Romans but remained ruled by hundreds of separate regional Celtic war lords with pagan religions. Some pagan religious customs would give any modern child permanent nightmares. The Irish had the alarming habit of always going into battle stark naked. On the other hand music and poetry were a key part of the local kings pleasures and if their ancient poetry is to be believed so were liberated sexual practices. Women were not the second class citizens as in the Roman and then the Christian world and local Irish queens were not uncommon. The Irish have always been noted for a complete disregard for time, even worse than Italians, Greeks, Spanish and Arabs from the hot, easy living Mediterranean countries."
},
{
"docid": "D702295#0",
"title": "http://www.history.org/Foundation/journal/Winter01-02/henry.cfm\nThe Upstart, the Speaker, the Scandals, and Scotchtown",
"text": "The Upstart, the Speaker, the Scandals, and Scotchtown The rustic Henry risesby Alan Pell Crawford Editor’s Note: In his Autobiography, Thomas Jefferson wrote: “So inscrutable is the arrangement of causes & consequences in this world that a two-penny duty on tea, unjustly imposed in a sequestered part of it, changes the condition of all its inhabitants.” Had he still lived, an inhabitant named Patrick Henry, Jefferson’s old nemesis, could have appreciated the application of the idea to his own condition, though the tax in his case had not to do with tea but with stamps. “What, Sir? Is it proposed to reclaim the Spendthrift from his dissipation and extravagance by filling his pockets with money?” Patrick Henry, personified by Richard Schumann, challenges Speaker John Robinson, portrayed by Donald Coleman, in the House of Burgesses. Interpreters Brett Mc Michael, Starr Galloway, and Joseph Musika look on. - Dave Doody Patrick Henry had been a burgess for about three days when he first took a seat among the four wooden benches in the long rectangular chamber of the House. The session had opened nearly three weeks before, on the first of May, but it took until the seventeenth to arrange Henry’s election, and he didn’t reach Williamsburg until the twentieth. He missed nothing that mattered to him; he came with a legislative agenda of his own. Henry was not the first choice of his Louisa County constituents-his predecessor had been induced to resign to create a vacancy for him-and he had lived in that district for barely seventeen months."
},
{
"docid": "D3409078#0",
"title": "http://www.martinsvillebulletin.com/\nProposed Martinsville budget would increase power bills by 4 percent",
"text": "Top Stories Making Changes: City council wants to tighten open space regulations Crime increased throughout Martinsville in 2017, report shows Area Roundup: Patrick County, PHCC, Magna Vista and Martinsville all pick up wins on a busy night Proposed Martinsville budget would increase power bills by 4 percent Saying Goodbye: Former students, teachers remember John Redd Smith and Collinsville Primary Latest News+3Reaching the Goal: Patrick County library raises money for new bookmobile ( …)STUART – After less than a year and a half of fundraising, Patrick County will soon be getting a new bookmobile. Read more Day by Day: Bassett resident shares her husband's fight with Alzheimer's in new book BASSETT – Avis Turner went through quite a time when her husband had Alzheimer’s disease Read more Sentence handed down in Henry County abduction case COLLINSVILLE-In January, a Henry County jury convicted Anthony Shamel Hopkins of eight charges Read more Changes coming for local Habitat+2MARTINSVILLE – If it was up to Nancy Moore, every family would have a safe, affordable place to live. Read more Court Roundup: Ararat woman has sentence suspended in Henry County COLLINSVILLE-An Ararat woman had her entire sentence suspended by a Henry County judge Read more Sports Virginia well represented in Portsmouth Invitational opener The game featured VCU's Justin Tillman, Virginia Tech's Justin Bibbs and Virginia's Isaiah Wilkins. Area Roundup: Patrick County, PHCC, Magna Vista and Martinsville all pick up wins on a busy night Martinsville girls soccer fell at home against Appomattox. Read more From Cougar to Highlander: Patrick County's Carico signs with Radford Patrick County's Lexi Carico signed her Letter of Intent to continue her track & field career at Radford University next year. Read more In the region: Ferrum’s Holland is named USA South pitcher of the year Baseball, softball, lacrosse and wrestling. Read more Hallman: NASCAR needs at least one race without a rules debate NASCAR has a couple of weekends ahead at a pair of its back-to-basics short tracks, and I’m not the only observer who’s wondering if stock car racing can manage two delicious races in a row — without the sour aftertaste. Read more Photo galleries Today's Birthdays, April 12: David Letterman Today In History, April 12: Birmingham, Alabama NBA 2018 award predictions: Who will win and who will come close? Photos: Facebook's Zuckerberg testifies before Congress for second day Today In History, April 11: Civil Rights Act Opinion Stroller: Where did 3 Musketeers get its name? TODAY’S WORD is prodigious Letters to the Editor for April 12Although unknown to most people and rarely mentioned in the news Read more EDITORIAL: Even Kurt Cousins started out holding the clipboard None of us could suit up tomorrow for the Washington Redskins."
},
{
"docid": "D2659331#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_group_did_Samuel_Adams_and_Patrick_Henry_lead\nWhat groups did Samuel Adams belong to?",
"text": "What groups did Samuel Adams belong to? Partiots Sam Adams and Patrick Henry? Yes. Emo Zetsu Girl57 8 Contributions What group was Patrick Henry in? He was an Anti-Federalist, if that's what you are referring to. He believed that the government would have too much power, so he was against the constitution. Samuel Adams belonged to what groups? Sons of Liberty What group did Samuel Adams belong to? Sons of Liberty Which group did Samuel gompers lead? American federation of labor (AFL)Brandon Allen 3 Contributions Patrick Henry and Samuel Adams refused to attend the American constitutional convention because they feared that the convention planned to?"
},
{
"docid": "D618516#0",
"title": "http://www.theamericanrevolution.org/peopleDetail.aspx?people=9\nPatrick Henry",
"text": "\"Patrick Henry Born 05/29/1736 in Cedar Hill, Hanover Co., Virginia Died 06/06/1799 in Red Hill Plantation, Virginia Ancestry Father: John Henry (1704 - 1773) Mother: Sarah Winston (1709 - 1773) Spouse: Sarah Shelton (1738 - 1775), in 1754 Dorothy \"\"Dolly\"\" Spotswood (1757 - 1831) on October 10, 1777 Children: Elizabeth Henry (1769 - ??) Dorothea Spotswood Henry (8/2/1778 - 6/17/1854) Sarah Butler Henry (1/4/1780 - ??) Kitty Henry (1780 - ??) Martha Catherine Henry (11/3/1781 - 9/22/1804) Patrick Henry (8/15/1783 - ??) Henry (1784 - ??) Nathaniel Henry (4/7/1785 - ??) Fayette Henry (10/29/1785 - ??) Alexander Spotswood Henry (6/2/1788 - 1/6/1854) Henry (1788 - ??) Henry (1790 - ??) Richard Henry (1792 - 1792) Edward Winston Henry (1/21/1794 - ??)"
},
{
"docid": "D3487767#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/111941606/the-constitutional-convention-flash-cards/\nThe Constitutional Convention",
"text": "\"29 terms Capricorn76The Constitutional Convention Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort When did political leaders agree that it was time to change the AOC? By the mid-1780's, most political leaders agreed that it was time to change the Articles of Confederation. In 1786,the Virginia Legislature called for a national conference to talk about changing the AOCWhere was the Convention held? The Independence Hall, Philadelphia, 1787Who was the president of the Convention? Washington was the elected president of the Convention What did some delegates want to do? Some delegates just wanted to revise the AOC, while others wanted to completely rewrite it How many states came to the Convention? 12 states came, including 55 delegates. Rhode Island was the only state that didn't come Why didn't Rhode Island come?"
},
{
"docid": "D2936658#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland\nGaelic Ireland",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Not to be confused with Gaeltacht. Part of a series on the History of Ireland Chronology [show]Peoples and polities [show]Topics [show]Ireland portalv t e Gaelic Ireland ( Irish: Éire Ghaidhealach) was the Gaelic political and social order, and associated culture, that existed in Ireland from the prehistoric era until the early 17th century. Before the Norman invasion of 1169, Gaelic Ireland comprised the whole island. Thereafter, it comprised that part of the country not under foreign dominion at a given time. For most of its history, Gaelic Ireland was a \"\"patchwork\"\" [1] hierarchy of territories ruled by a hierarchy of kings or chiefs, who were elected through tanistry. Warfare between these territories was common. Occasionally, a powerful ruler was acknowledged as High King of Ireland. Society was made up of clans and, like the rest of Europe, was structured hierarchically according to class. Throughout this period, the economy was mainly pastoral and money generally not used. [ 2] A Gaelic Irish style of dress, music, dance, sport, architecture, and art can be identified, with Irish art later merging with Anglo-Saxon styles to create Insular art."
},
{
"docid": "D618518#0",
"title": "http://www.biography.com/people/patrick-henry-9335512\nPatrick Henry Biography",
"text": "\"Quick Facts Name Patrick Henry Occupation U. S. Governor, U. S. Representative Birth Date May 29, 1736Death Date June 6, 1799Place of Birth Studley, Virginia Place of Death Brookneal, Virginia Full Name Patrick Henry Cite This Page IN THESE GROUPSFamous U. S. Governors Famous People Born in Studley Founding Fathers Famous Government Show All Groupsquotes“Give me liberty or give me death. ”—Patrick Henry Patrick Henry Biography U. S. Governor, U. S. Representative (1736–1799)395SHARESPatrick Henry was a brilliant orator and a major figure of the American Revolution, perhaps best known for his words \"\"Give me liberty or give me death! \"\" Synopsis Born on May 29 (May 18, Old Style), 1736 in Studley, Virginia, Patrick Henry was an American Revolution-era orator best know for his quote \"\"Give me liberty or give me death.\"\" Henry was an influential leader in the radical opposition to the British government, but only accepted the new federal government after the passage of the Bill of Rights, for which he was in great measure responsible. Early Life With his persuasive and passionate speeches, famed patriot Patrick Henry helped kickstart the American Revolution. He was born in Hanover County, Virginia, on a plantation that belonged to his mother's family. Unlike his mother, who had strong roots in the region, his father immigrated to the colony from Scotland. The second oldest out of nine children, Henry received much of his schooling from his father, who had attended university in Scotland, and his uncle, an Anglican minister. He was a musical child, playing both the fiddle and the flute. He may have modeled his great oratory style on the religious sermons by his uncle and others."
},
{
"docid": "D338083#0",
"title": "http://www.fodors.com/community/europe/which-atm-systems-are-available-in-italy.cfm\nWhich ATM systems are available in Italy?",
"text": "\"Which ATM systems are available in Italy? Thread Tools Search this Thread Oct 9th, 2006, 06:14 AM # 1Julie_Hurst Original Poster Join Date: Mar 2005Posts: 404Which ATM systems are available in Italy? Just found out today that my bank is changing their system from Cirrus to Interlink. Anyone know if the ATM's in Rome & Venice will accept that system? Naturally, this happens now! We leave on the 25th. Probably not enough time to get a new ATM card from a bank that uses Cirrus!! THanks, Julie Oct 9th, 2006, 06:20 AM # 2Gekko Join Date: Jun 2003Posts: 4,178Wow, does anyone even check anymore? I recently returned from 2+ weeks in Italy and I don't know what system my ATM debit card uses, but I used about 20 different ATM's all over the country, including Rome & Venice, and never had a problem. Personally, I wouldn't worry about it."
},
{
"docid": "D2647891#0",
"title": "http://markpatrickseminars.com/success-stories.php\n.",
"text": "\"\"\"I Have Never Smoked Another Cigarette! \"\" My friend told me about Mark's programs. I decided to try it them. I started on November 17 2006 and from that day I have never smoked another cigarette. I owe my life to Mark. I could not have done it with out him and his help.\"\" - Bonnie Stovall stars\"\"Lost 44lbs. The hypnosis worked for me\"\"\"\"I Stopped Smoking and Lost 60 lbs. \"\"\"\" I have lost 48 pounds in the 4 1/2 months since the last session\"\"\"\"Mark was fantastic! The information he provided was worth the cost of the seminar in itself."
},
{
"docid": "D1480997#0",
"title": "http://walkingdead.wikia.com/wiki/Thread:225164\nWho should play Negan?",
"text": "\"0 Kudos Who should play Negan? A FANDOM user 47.54.159.6If Negan is going to be an awesome villain in the TV series, they need a great actor to play him. Here are my three top choices to play Negan:1.) Patrick Warburton - He's funny, he looks somewhat like him, a little... but I think he would make an awesome Negan because he's around the same size as Negan in the comics. So Patrick Warburton is my number 1 choice.2.) Vinnie Jones - Vinnie Jones would be great for this role. He's kind of like the spitting image of Negan from the comics and he is funny. So Vinnie Jones would be awesome as Negan.3.) Ron Perlman - I don't really watch Sons of Anarchy, but I know Clay is a great bad guy on the show and I think he'd make a great Negan, although he doesn't look alot like him. He's funny and would be perfect."
},
{
"docid": "D2659332#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/103804894/first-continental-congress-flash-cards/\nFirst Continental Congress",
"text": "9 terms miah69First Continental Congress Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort When did this occur? This occurred in September 5 1774 From September 5 to October 26,to the end of 1774What was this specifically? The 1st Continental Congress was a meeting of a group of leaders from about 12 of the 13 colonies. They met on September 5-October 26, 1774. This took place at the Carpenter's' Hall in Philadelphia early in the American Revolution. Georgia did not attend the first continental congress. What lead up to this? The Sugar act, the Stamp act, and the Townshend act lead up to the first continental congress. It was also called in response of the British Parliament. What resulted from this?"
},
{
"docid": "D618513#0",
"title": "http://texasheritagesociety.org/Diuguid-Family,-Patrick-Henry-and-Danville,-Texas.html\n.",
"text": "\"The Diuguid Family, Patrick Henryand Danville, Texasby Karen \"\"Candy\"\" Lawless We all know that Patrick Henry was the first post-colonial governor of Virginia, a lawyer and an outspoken advocate of the Revolutionary War, and it is common knowledge that Henry was born and raised in the wilds of the Virginia countryside, a son of Col. John Henry of Scotland and his wife, Sarah Winston. His life is written up in the history books, and numerous biographies have been published about him. But in the course of my genealogy research, I discovered that one of my Texas ancestors who settled and died in the little community of Danville in Montgomery County had ties to the Patrick Henry family back in Virginia. It is not a well-known fact that William Diuguid (b. 1717, Aberdeen, Scotland - d. 1764, Buckingham Co., Virginia) was a first cousin to Patrick Henry. William's mother was Jean Henry, a sister of Patrick Henry's father, Col. John Henry. When William emigrated from Scotland to Virginia ca. 1740s, he lived with his uncle John Henry and family before marrying Anne Moss in 1745. An extant letter found in the Library of Congress in Patrick Henry's personal correspondence proves the relationships between the Duguid/Diuguid family and the Henry family."
}
] |
620279
|
what did the pentagon papers reveal
|
[
{
"docid": "D2108884#0",
"title": "https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-did-pentagon-papers-reveal-about-vietnam-war-170103\nWhat did the Pentagon Papers reveal about the Vietnam War & how did the Supreme Court rule on Nixonâs attempt to block their publication?",
"text": "\"Expert Answers Ashley Kannan | Certified Educator In the most stunning of displays, the Pentagon Papers and the President's desire to block their publication proves a fundamental saying regarding President Nixon's administration. The issue that seems to have plagued Nixon throughout his tenure was \"\"what did the President know and when did he know it.\"\" There had always been the belief that the office of the President was committed to not making mistakes and doing what was in the best interests of the nation without fail. Yet, when the Pentagon Papers were released and when Nixon sought an injunction to block their publication it ended up proving that the President might have consciously understood the dangers of the paths being pursued. The Court's ruling against this injunction showed to a great extent how the office of the President had lost its Constitutional way and how recalibration was a must. The papers showed the brutal level of miscalculation and error being committed and the desire to only examine political fall out from such decision, and little else. Haldeman's quote about how the papers alter the perception of the President doing wrong looms very large in such a context.list Citelink Linkusbummer | Certified Educator President Johnson had stated that two American destroyers (a type of warship), the U. S. S. Maddox and the U. S. S. C. Turner Joy, had been attacked without provocation in international waters. He then asked the Congress for permission to accelerate American involvement in Vietnam and to bomb certain sites within North Vietnam. Congress gave him permission with the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. The Pentagon Papers, a series of articles being published in the New York Times, revealed this to be, at best, an exeration of the truth."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D604999#0",
"title": "http://www.cnn.com/2013/07/26/us/nsa-snowden/index.html\nU.S. will not seek death penalty for Snowden, attorney general says",
"text": "\"U. S. will not seek death penalty for Snowden, attorney general says By Mariano Castillo, CNNUpdated 12:16 PM ET, Sat July 27, 2013JUST WATCHEDU. S.: No death penalty for Snowden Replay MUST WATCHU. S.: No death penalty for Snowden 01:43Story highlights Snowden's father asks the president to dismiss the complaint against his son Snowden's father talks about the U. S. intelligence leaker Lon Snowden says his son did what he knew was right The FBI and security officials in Russia are discussing his case The U. S. Justice Department will not seek the death penalty for U. S. intelligence leaker Edward Snowden, Attorney General Eric Holder wrote to Russian authorities in a letter dated July 23. In the letter, Holder says Snowden's arguments for temporary asylum in Russia are without merit. Snowden is seeking asylum because he claims he will be tortured and face the death penalty if returned to the United States. But the death penalty is not an option given the current charges against Snowden, and even if additional charges are filed, the United States would still not seek capital punishment, Holder wrote. Once back in the United States, Snowden would not be tortured and would face a civilian trial with a lawyer appointed to him, the attorney general wrote. \"\" We believe that these assurances eliminate these asserted grounds for Mr. Snowden's claim that he should be treated as a refugee or granted asylum,\"\" Holder wrote. Snowden did not access 'crown jewels' of NSA intel, official says He also said it is untrue that Snowden cannot travel because his U. S. passport was revoked. Snowden is still a U. S. citizen and is eligible for a limited-validity passport that would authorize a direct return to the United States."
},
{
"docid": "D1236912#0",
"title": "http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/watergate/timeline.html\nTIMELINE",
"text": "\"Tweet Personal Post Part 3 ....................................................... Nixon resigns Part 4 ........................................ Deep Throat revealed Part 1 ........................................ The Post investigates Part 2 ......................................... The government acts More coverage: Key players | Timeline | Herblock cartoons | Audio, video and photos | Post coverage TIMELINE1968November 5 - Richard Milhous Nixon, the 55-year-old former vice president who lost the presidency for the Republicans in 1960, reclaims it by defeating Hubert Humphrey in one of the closest elections in U. S. history. Post Story1969January 21 - Nixon is inaugurated as the 37th president of the United States. Post Story1970July 23 - Nixon approves a plan for greatly expanding domestic intelligence-gathering by the FBI, CIA and other agencies. He has second thoughts a few days later and rescinds his approval.1971June 13 - The New York Times begins publishing the Pentagon Papers - the Defense Department's secret history of the Vietnam War. The Washington Post will begin publishing the papers later that same week. September 3 - The White House \"\"plumbers\"\" unit - named for their orders to plug leaks in the administration - burglarizes a psychiatrist's office to find files on Daniel Ellsberg, the former defense analyst who leaked the Pentagon Papers.1972June 17 - Five men, one of whom says he used to work for the CIA, are arrested at 2:30 a.m. trying to bug the offices of the Democratic National Committee at the Watergate hotel and office complex. Post Story June 19 - A GOP security aide is among the Watergate burglars, The Washington Post reports. Former attorney general John Mitchell, head of the Nixon reelection campaign, denies any link to the operation. Post Story August 1 - A $25,000 cashier's check, apparently earmarked for the Nixon campaign, wound up in the bank account of a Watergate burglar, The Washington Post reports. Post Story September 29 - John Mitchell, while serving as attorney general, controlled a secret Republican fund used to finance widespread intelligence-gathering operations against the Democrats, The Post reports."
},
{
"docid": "D3536925#0",
"title": "http://www.nbcnews.com/feature/edward-snowden-interview/who-edward-snowden-man-who-spilled-nsas-secrets-n114861\nWho Is Edward Snowden, the Man Who Spilled theNSAâs Secrets?",
"text": "\"Edward Snowden Interview May 26 2014, 5:33 pm ETWho Is Edward Snowden, the Man Who Spilled the NSA’s Secrets? Former intelligence contractor Edward Snowden poses for a photo during an interview in an undisclosed location in December 2013 in Moscow, Russia. Snowden who exposed extensive details of global electronic surveillance by the National Security Agency has been in Moscow since June 2012 after getting temporary asylum in order to evade prosecution by authorities in the U. S. Barton Gellman / Getty Images file Share Few have vaulted from anonymity to the front pages more spectacularly than Edward Snowden, the former government contractor who revealed secrets from the National Security Agency's spying program. NBC News will devote an hour of primetime on Wednesday to the first American television interview with Snowden, who disclosed secrets from the National Security Agency. Brian Williams, the anchor and managing editor of \"\"NBC Nightly News,\"\" traveled to Moscow last week for an exclusive, wide-ranging interview with Snowden. The interview airs Wednesday at 10 p.m. Eastern/9 p.m. Central. While some call Snowden a traitor who disclosed American secrets, others call him a patriot who exposed violations of the constitution. Facebook Twitter Embed Edward Snowden: ‘I was trained as a spy’ 3:30Although his intense gaze and stubbled chin became the face of an international debate over privacy and security, many questions remain about his motivations, the exact extent of his removal of documents, and his future. The impact of Snowden's disclosures, however, is already widespread. President Barack Obama appointed a review panel that criticized the NSA's domestic data collection."
},
{
"docid": "D1281925#0",
"title": "http://www.globalissues.org/article/450/the-bush-doctrine-of-pre-emptive-strikes-a-global-pax-americana\nThe Bush Doctrine of Pre-emptive Strikes; A Global Pax Americana",
"text": "\"The Bush Doctrine of Pre-emptive Strikes; A Global Pax Americanaby Anup Shah This Page Last Updated Saturday, April 24, 2004A September 2002 document known as The National Security Strategy of the United States outlined U. S. President George W. Bush’s national security policy to guide the U. S. military, known as the Bush doctrine. In it, for the first time, the United States reserved the option to wage a preventive war, also opening the possibility for American use of nuclear weapons against nonnuclear states as the Encarta encyclopedia noted. This was said to be in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 and new threats of international terrorism. Bush argued that the strategy of deterrence, and mutually assured destruction of states that prevented the Soviet Union and the U. S. from annihilating each other, was now outdated, for fear of stateless terrorists getting hold of weapons of mass destruction. However, this has proven controversial in many ways. For example: This approach has been seen as a violation of current international obligations and treaties. In line with this doctrine, the U. S. pulled out of the Anti Ballistic Missile Treaty, one of the corner stones to international peace and stability. But this was met with much criticism of another power, this time global and almost unchallenged, to be able to get away with such things in a unilateral manner, rather than going through such changes with the international community and the United Nations. Side Note »In addition, and in line with the above-mentioned report, the U. S. has also in its March 2002 Pentagon Nuclear Posture documents described possible nuclear options at named countries fueling the criticisms. ( This is detailed further in the previous link. )"
},
{
"docid": "D617323#0",
"title": "http://www.authentichistory.com/1961-1974/6-nixon/3-watergate/timeline/\nWatergate Scandal Timeline",
"text": "\"A Complicated President There have been many scandals throughout American presidential history, but only one has ever brought down a presidency. To understand Watergate, it is helpful to have an understanding of the culture of the administration, and of the psyche of the man himself. Richard M. Nixon was a secretive man who did not tolerate criticism well, who engaged in numerous acts of duplicity, who kept lists of enemies, and who used the power of the presidency to seek petty acts of revenge on those enemies. As early as the 1968 campaign Nixon was scheming about Vietnam. Just as the Democrats were gaining in the polls following Johnson's halting of the bombing of North Vietnam and news of a possible peace deal, Nixon set out to sabotage the Paris peace negotiations by privately assuring the Nixon campaigns in California, 9/9/68Daniel Ellsberg head to court to face charges associated with his leaking of the Pentagon Papers to the press, 1971South Vietnamese military rulers a better deal from him than they would get from Democratic candidate Hubert Humphrey. The South Vietnamese junta withdrew from the talks on the eve of the election, ending the peace initiative and helping Nixon to squeak out a marginal victory. During Nixon's first term he approved a secret bombing mission in Cambodia, without even consulting or informing congress, and he fought tooth and nail to prevent the New York Times from publishing the infamous Pentagon Papers (described below). Most striking, however, was Nixon's strategy for how to deal with the enemies that he saw everywhere. Nixon sent Vice President Spiro Agnew on the circuit to blast the media, protestors, and intellectuals who criticized the Vietnam War and Nixon's policies. Agnew spewed out alliterate insults such as \"\"pusillanimous pussyfooters\"\", \"\"nattering nabobs of negativism\"\", and \"\"hopeless, hysterical hypochondriacs of history\"\"."
},
{
"docid": "D469853#0",
"title": "https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/10/what-happened-in-puerto-rico-a-timeline-of-hurricane-maria/541956/\nWhat's Happening With the Relief Effort in Puerto Rico?",
"text": "What's Happening With the Relief Effort in Puerto Rico? A timeline of the unprecedented catastrophe of Hurricane Maria President Donald Trump and first lady Melania Trump wave to onlookers after landing in San Juan, Puerto Rico, on Tuesday, October 3. Evan Vucci / APRobinson Meyer Oct 4, 2017 Science Share Tweet…Linked In Email Print Text Size Like The Atlantic? Subscribe to The Atlantic Daily, our free weekday email newsletter. What is happening in Puerto Rico? Since the storm made landfall on September 20, Hurricane Maria has wreaked havoc on the island, causing a level of widespread destruction and disorganization paralleled by few storms in American history. Almost two weeks after the storm abated, most of the island’s residents still lack access to electricity and clean water. From a meteorological standpoint, Maria was nearly a worst-case scenario for the territory: The center of a huge, nearly Category 5 hurricane made a direct hit on Puerto Rico, lashing the island with wind and rain for longer than 30 hours. “ It was as if a 50- to 60-mile-wide tornado raged across Puerto Rico, like a buzz saw,” Jeff Weber, a meteorologist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, has told Vox. Maria has many elements of a “catastrophic event,” and not just a disaster, says Tricia Wachtendorf, a professor of sociology at the University of Delaware who studies disaster relief."
},
{
"docid": "D244862#0",
"title": "https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/30/magazine/the-militarys-rough-justice-on-sexual-assault.html\nThe Militaryâs Rough Justice on Sexual Assault",
"text": "Magazine The Military’s Rough Justice on Sexual Assault By ROBERT DRAPER NOV. 26, 2014Kris, the only woman among 70 aviators in her squadron, was assaulted by another officer. Alec Soth/Magnum, for The New York Times Col. Don Christensen, the chief prosecutor of the United States Air Force, sat in economy class on a flight to Venice and studied the folder of the sexual-assault case that would ultimately end his career. It was August 2012, and he was en route to Aviano Air Base to try a court-martial. Looking over the case, he could see why the judge advocate general, or JAG, at the base had requested him. Christensen had prosecuted more sexual-assault courts-martial than any other lawyer in the Air Force, and this case called for someone with experience. There would most likely be generals testifying. The accused himself was a senior officer. Even Christensen had seldom handled cases involving men of high rank."
},
{
"docid": "D668914#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/20724384/cases-flash-cards/\nCases",
"text": "\"64 terms vyvyan_le Cases Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Schenck v. U. S. (1919) Schenck v. United States, 249 U. S. 47 (1919), was a United States Supreme Court decision that upheld the Espionage Act of 1917 and concluded that a defendant did not have a First Amendment right to express freedom of speech against the draft during World War I. Ultimately, the case established the \"\"clear and present danger\"\" test, which lasted until 1969 when protection for speech was raised in Brandenburg v. Ohio to \"\"Imminent lawless action\"\". Abrams v. U. S. (1919) was a 7-2 decision of the United States Supreme Court involving the 1918 Amendment to the Espionage Act of 1917, which made it a criminal offense to urge curtailment of production of the materials necessary to the war against Germany with intent to hinder the progress of the war. The 1918 Amendment is commonly referred to as if it were a separate Act, the Sedition Act of 1918. The defendants were charged and convicted for inciting resistance to the war effort and for urging curtailment of production of essential war material. They were sentenced to 20 years in prison. The Supreme Court ruled 7-2 that the Act did not violate the freedom of speech protected by the First Amendment. Justice John Hessin Clarke used a relatively restrictive speech test - \"\"bad tendency\"\" - to uphold the conviction. Justices Oliver Wendell Holmes and Louis Brandeis dissented and said that the more speech protective standard - \"\"clear and present danger\"\" - ought to be applied to overturn the conviction."
},
{
"docid": "D769435#0",
"title": "http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/coldwar/korea_usa_01.shtml\nKill 'em All': The American Military in Korea",
"text": "Kill 'em All': The American Military in Korea By Jeremy Williams Last updated 2011-02-17In September 1999 an investigative team from the Associated Press broke a story that shocked America. Fifty years before, they claimed, refugees caught up in the Korean War were shot and strafed by US forces. Jeremy Williams explores the repercussions of a brutal episode in Cold War history. On this page The Forgotten War Undertrained and underprepared Deadly orders Darkness revealed Denial Veterans speak out Seeking the truth Find out more Print this page The Forgotten War The Korean War was a bloody conflict. It left Korea, North and South, with several million dead and the UN forces involved in the fighting with over 100,000 casualties. But despite fighting as intense and as violent as any other conflict since World War Two, Korea has always been history's 'Forgotten War'.... US commanders repeatedly, and without ambiguity, ordered forces under their control to target and kill Korean refugees caught on the battlefield. While atrocities conducted both by North and South Korean forces have already been documented, recently a much darker side to the US involvement in the Korean War has begun to emerge. It casts a shadow over the conduct of US forces during the conflict, particularly of officers and generals in command. Declassified military documents recently found in the US National Archives show clearly how US commanders repeatedly, and without ambiguity, ordered forces under their control to target and kill Korean refugees caught on the battlefield. More disturbing still have been the published testimonies of Korean survivors who recall such killings, and the frank accounts of those American veterans brave enough to admit involvement."
},
{
"docid": "D2544599#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/23266855/vietnam-war-flash-cards/\nVietnam war",
"text": "37 terms marksterp Vietnam war Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Ho Chi Minh: One of the Vietnamese nationalist movement leader for almost 30 years was Nguyen Tat Thanh. At age 21, he traveled to Europe where he lived in London and then Paris. In 1919 he presented a petition for Vietnamese independence at the Versailles Peace Conference, but the peace treaty ignored the issue. Ho Chi Minh later visited the Soviet Union where he became an advocate of communism. In the 1930s he returned to Southeast Asia, helped found the Indochinese Communist Party, and worked to overthrow French rule.domino theory: Idea that if Vietnam fell to communism, the rest of South East Asia would follow.guerilla: Irregular troops who blend into the civilian population and are difficult for regular armies to fight. Dien Bien Phu: A mountain town of importance during the struggle of Vietnam for independence from France. Geneva Accords: Negotiations to end the conflict between VIetnam and France held in Geneva Switzerland. It divided Vietnam along the 17th parallel, with Ho Chi Minh and the Vietminh took control of North Vietnam and a pro-Western regime took control of the South."
},
{
"docid": "D2188475#0",
"title": "http://www.cnn.com/2017/11/21/opinions/information-leak-cases-opinion-west/index.html\nWhen the President stopped the presses",
"text": "\"When the President stopped the presses By Sonja West Updated 10:45 AM ET, Tue November 21, 2017Sonja West is the Brumby Distinguished Professor of First Amendment Law at the University of Georgia School of Law. The views expressed in this commentary are her own. This is the next installment in CNN Opinion's series on the challenges facing the media as it is under attack from critics, governments and changing technology. ( CNN) President Donald Trump has made it clear that when it comes to cracking down on government leaks to the media, \"\"the tougher the better!\"\" Yet for all of Trump's dire warnings about the dangers of leaks, there is one action that even he has not suggested -- a court order blocking the press from publishing leaked information. Why would a president who calls journalists \"\"the enemy of the American people\"\" even hesitate to use the force of the law to stop the press from revealing classified information? Because the United States Supreme Court has told us that prior restraints (as such pre-publication orders are legally known) are presumptively unconstitutional. Sonja West This now-established vital press protection, however, was not always a given. In fact, it almost wasn't found to be a right at all. But in two landmark cases the Supreme Court cemented this freedom as a crucial safeguard in protecting America's free and independent press."
},
{
"docid": "D651184#0",
"title": "http://www.businessinsider.com/why-did-snowden-reveal-himself-2013-9\nWhy Did Snowden Reveal Himself?",
"text": "Why Did Snowden Reveal Himself? Steven Brill, Reuters Sep. 17, 2013, 5:55 PM 2,529A banner supporting Edward Snowden, a former contractor at the National Security Agency (NSA), is displayed at Hong Kong's financial Central district on June 21, 2013. REUTERS/Bobby Yip The scoops from what seem to be a limitless trove of secrets that Edward Snowden downloaded and made off with continue to explode across front pages and home pages that now include the New York Times and Pro Publica, as well as the Guardian and Washington Post. This demands that someone take a new look at the circumstances surrounding Snowden's decision to reveal himself as the source back in May, when he let the Guardian's Glenn Greenwald and Laura Poitras tape an interview with him. That decision was a critical turning point that affected everything that has happened since. Had Snowden not decided to out himself, the NSA, which apparently still doesn't know exactly what he downloaded, might not have figured out who he was. And as the stories based on the leaks continued, the agency might have then been panicked into fearing that there must be multiple sources providing leaks to multiple news outlets. Imagine the dragnet that would have ensued — and dominated the headlines much the way the debate over whether Snowden is a hero or traitor became the core narrative. Had Snowden stayed underground, Greenwald and Poitras might be in court, or jail, facing contempt charges for refusing to reveal their sources. Reporters for the Times and Pro Publica would now probably be being dragged in right behind them."
},
{
"docid": "D3230332#0",
"title": "http://www.myspeechclass.com/good-and-interesting-research-paper-topics.html\nMy Speech Class",
"text": "597 Good Research Paper Topics Perhaps the most difficult part of getting started on a research paper is choosing the topic to write about. We found 597 good research paper topics from a wide variety of subject areas. This page is all about helping you with ideas for research paper topics. Each of these topics can be a standalone subject for a research paper, or can give a general idea for a good place to start. Finding the Right Research Paper Topic The process of writing the research paper is going to be very time consuming so it’s important to select a topic that is going to sustain your interest for the duration of the project. It is good to select a topic that is relevant to your life since you are going to spend a long time researching and writing about it. Perhaps you are considering starting your own business or pursuing a career in politics. Look through the suggested research paper topics and find one in a category that you can relate to easily. Finding a topic that you have some personal interest in will help make the arduous task a lot easier, and the project will have better results because of your vested interest. Our list of topics and issues We compiled an exhaustive list of topics that would make excellent research papers."
},
{
"docid": "D1813024#0",
"title": "http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/1971.html\nWhat Happened in 1971 Important News and Events, Key Technology and Popular Culture",
"text": "\"What Happened in 1971 Important News and Events, Key Technology and Popular Culture What happened in 1971 Major News Stories include Intel releases world's first microprocessor, the 4004, Aswan Dam is completed, Charles Manson and three of his followers receive the death penalty, National Public Radio (NPR) broadcasts for the first time, Walt Disney World Resort opens in Florida, Mount Etna erupts, Voting Age Lowered US and UK to 18, UK Moves to Decimal Currency, San Fernando Valley Earthquake, Ibrox disaster Jump To 1971 Fashion -- World Leaders -- 1971 Calendar -- 1971 Technology -- Cost Of Living -- Popular Culture -- Toys Cost of Living 1971How Much things cost in 1971 Yearly Inflation Rate USA 4.3% Yearly Inflation Rate UK 8.6% Year End Close Dow Jones Industrial Average 890 Average Cost of new house $25,250.00 Average Income per year $10,600.00 Average Monthly Rent $150.00 Cost of a gallon of Gas 40 cents Datsun 1200 Sports Coupe $1,866.00 United States postage Stamp 8 cents Ladies 2 piece knit suites $9.98 Movie Ticket $1.50 --Below are some Prices for UK guides in Pounds Sterling Average House Price 5,632 Gallon of Petrol 0.33A few More Examples Dodge Charger $3,579 Fresh Turkey Lb 43 cents Fresh Strawberries Lb 29 cents Idaho Potatoes 10 Lbs 98 cents Jiffy Peanut Butter 59 cents Tape Cassette Recorder $29.88 2 Quart Preasure Cooker $7.77 Side By Side Fridge $704.95 Electrical Heater Fireplace $59.88 Malibu Barbie $1.94 Etch-A-Sketch $2.83 Rock Em Sock Em Robots $8.99 Ladies Beret and Scarf Set $6.00 3 Bedroom House Chicago $16,50019711971 This could well be the year that marked the start of the digital age when the Microprocessor was invented. We also saw the use of more and more of the transistor technology in use in things like hand held calculators which although are still very expensive over time will drop in price and increase in function to where we are today. It is also the first year North Sea Oil production begins in Norway. One other major change is the change to Decimalisation in the UK on and Ireland on February 15th . The birth of Greenpeace signals a need to question how we manage the resources entrusted to us and a means of organised questioning of governments around the world.26th Amendment The Voting Age in the United States is lowered to 18 yrs old when the 26th Amendment to the US Constitution is ratified More Information and Timeline for 26th Amendment 1. People had been wanting the voting age to be lowered to 18 years old ever since FDR lowered the draft age to 18 years during World War II. 2. In June of 1970, President Nixon signed an extension of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that would lower the voting age to eighteen for all elections. 3. On the 10th of March, 1971, the United States Senate voted almost unanimously to propose a constitutional amendment that would lower the voting age."
},
{
"docid": "D1082276#0",
"title": "http://www.allgov.com/departments/department-of-defense/defense-intelligence-agency-dia?agencyid=7364\n.",
"text": "\"Overview: The Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) serves as the Pentagon’s top spy agency responsible for providing data on foreign militaries. DIA intelligence has been used extensively by military and civilian planners during crises, and in some cases, the agency has been implicated in recent scandals related to the Bush administration’s war on terrorism.more History: Before the establishment of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) in 1961, the responsibility for gathering military intelligence fell to the armed services. Intelligence officers from the Army, Navy, and Air Force collected, produced and disseminated intelligence for each of their branches of service. Sharing information was not commonplace. This system resulted in duplicated efforts and proved to be both costly and ineffective, as each service provided intelligence to the Secretary of Defense, various military commands or other governmental agencies. The Defense Reorganization Act of 1958 tried to correct this flawed system by establishing a unit under the Joint Chiefs of Staff called J-2, which was assigned responsibility for providing intelligence support to military commands. But J-2 alone didn’t resolve the problem of coordination between the services as well as the lack of a national focus in military intelligence gathering efforts. President Dwight D. Eisenhower appointed a Joint Study Group in 1960 to determine better ways of effectively organizing the nation’s military intelligence activities. Acting on the recommendations of the Joint Study Group, President John F. Kennedy’s Secretary of Defense, Robert S. Mc Namara, decided to establish the Defense Intelligence Agency, tasked with developing a plan that would integrate the military intelligence efforts of all the armed services. The DIA reported to the Secretary of Defense through the Joint Chiefs of Staff."
},
{
"docid": "D1990680#0",
"title": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/reliable-source/wp/2017/03/06/tom-hanks-and-meryl-streep-to-star-in-new-pentagon-papers-film-the-post/\nTom Hanks and Meryl Streep to star in new Pentagon Papers film âThe Postâ",
"text": "Washington Post Publisher Katharine Graham and Executive Editor Ben Bradlee leave U. S. District Court after a ruling allowing Post to continue publishing the Pentagon Papers. ( AP)With journalism and “The Hollywood elite” consistently drawing ire from the Trump White House, it’s no surprise that the two would eventually team up. Oscar winners Tom Hanks, Meryl Streep and Steven Spielberg are joining forces for a new drama about the fourth estate called “The Post,” which chronicles The Washington Post’s legal battle to publish the classified Pentagon Papers in 1971. Spielberg will direct, Hanks will play the Post’s larger than life executive editor Ben Bradlee and Streep will play Katharine Graham, the newspaper’s publisher, according to Deadline. Details of the film have been kept under wraps since it was bought by former Sony Picture co-chair Amy Pascal ‘s new production company in October. But of course, Sally Quinn, Bradlee’s widow and a former Washington Post reporter, knew about the project (Steven Spielberg has a house in the Hamptons across from Quinn and Bradlee’s) but had previously been sworn to secrecy. “I am thrilled,” said Quinn. “ This is the dream team. ”The last time Quinn saw her husband on the big screen was in 1976 when actor Jason Robards played Bradlee in “All the President’s Men.” The actor had dinner with the couple and spent the day with Bradlee at the office. “"
},
{
"docid": "D1573356#0",
"title": "http://listverse.com/2013/06/27/10-people-who-blew-the-whistle-on-the-us-government/\n10 People Who Exposed US Government Secrets And Lies",
"text": "Politics10 People Who Exposed US Government Secrets And Lies S. Grant June 27, 2013Share 1K Stumble 12 Tweet Pin 13 +1 35 Share 61KIt seems like another skeleton falls out of the United States’ closet every day. Whistleblowers are coming out of the woodwork, and the government is struggling to keep the scandals contained. Still, tattling on the powers that be is nothing new. Love ’em or hate ’em, here are ten of the most famous US government whistleblowers.10 Gary Webb: The Dark Alliance In 1996, Gary Webb, a writer for the San Jose Mercury News, published a series of articles known as “ Dark Alliance .” The articles detailed how the CIA turned a blind eye as Nicaraguan drug traffickers sold and distributed crack cocaine in Los Angeles throughout the 1980s. It also described how the Reagan administration protected drug dealers from prosecution. According to Webb, the CIA allowed the traffickers to ship large amounts of drugs into the country because the profits were being used to fund the Reagan-supported Contras (a rebel group opposing the socialist Sandinista government in Nicaragua). Naturally, insinuating the crack cocaine epidemic of the ’80s was partially caused by the government was a controversial stance—especially when the Reagan administration was already tainted by the Iran-Contra affair. Because of this, Webb’s articles were initially viewed with contempt by the government and his fellow journalists. Speaking out caused him to lose his position at San Jose Mercury News and he was never able to find a job writing daily news again."
},
{
"docid": "D323808#0",
"title": "http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2014/09/us-believes-a-dozen-americans-are-fighting-with-isis-in-syria/\nUS Believes a Dozen Americans Are Fighting With ISIS in Syria",
"text": "\"Home > Politics US Believes a Dozen Americans Are Fighting With ISIS in Syria Sep 4, 2014, 4:07 PM ETBy LUIS MARTINEZLuis Martinez More from Luis »Producer Follow @LMartinez ABC via WORLD NEWSShare (Reuters)The U. S. believes that about a dozen Americans are fighting with ISIS in Syria, part of a larger group of more than 100 Americans who have joined various rebel groups in the country. The new estimate was provided by the Pentagon in a clarification of comments made Wednesday by Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel during a CNN interview at the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island. During the interview Hagel said, \"\"We are aware of over 100 U. S. citizens who have U. S. passports who are fighting in the Middle East with ISIL forces.\"\" He added, \"\"There may be more. We don't know.\"\" ISIL is another name used to refer to the group. Digital Feature: What Is ISIS? How Entrenched Is ISIS in Syria? On Thursday, a Pentagon spokesman clarified that the number used by Hagel was actually a reference to the more than 100 Americans the U. S. believes have traveled to Syria to join various groups. That estimate has been discussed publicly by U. S. officials for several months."
},
{
"docid": "D1891508#0",
"title": "http://vaccinationcrisis.com/anthrax.html\nThe Anthrax Vaccine",
"text": "The Anthrax Vaccine Because of the terrorist problem, a series of anthrax shots (six required, plus an annual booster) may be in your future. You will want to know what you are getting into, if you decide to take this vaccine. FACTS YOU SHOULD KNOWAnthrax. Anthrax is a highly infectious disease, caused by spores from a bacterium that is known as Bacillus anthracis. These spores resist destruction, can lie dormant for centuries, and may be present in the soil for decades and infect grazing animals (primarily goats, sheep, and cattle) that ingest the spores. Third-world countries, especially agricultural-based economies, continue to report cases of human anthrax. But it occurs far less frequently in advanced nations (at the present time, about 130 cases per year in the U. S.). How contracted. You cannot catch anthrax from humans. Infection can only occur from three sources of exposure: The first is skin contact with live infected animals or with the hide, hair, or bones of an infected animal."
},
{
"docid": "D2520226#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/11982980/us-history-flash-cards/\nU.S. history",
"text": "\"14 terms Curry4UU. S. history WWll till present Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Vietnam 72a. -After the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was passed, the Vietcong began attacking bases where American advisers were stationed in South Vietnam. While the polls showed that Johnson's approval rating had increased, some dissenters in the White House warned that if the United States became too involved, it would be difficult to get out. In March, 1965, however, Johnson increased American involvement, and American soldiers were fighting alongside the South Vietnamese troops against the Vietcong. Johnson wanted to prevent South Vietnam from becoming Communist. He did not want to \"\"lose\"\" Vietnam, because he feared that the Republicans would blame his administration for losing Vietnam to communism. Vietnam 72b."
}
] |
620286
|
what did the phoenicians were for cloth
|
[
{
"docid": "D1136807#0",
"title": "https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikijunior:Ancient_Civilizations/Phoenicians\nWikijunior:Ancient Civilizations/Phoenicians",
"text": "\"A Phoenician Sculpture About 800 BC, the Phoenicians lived on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean. Their major cities were Tyre and Byblos, and they were merchants and sailors. They traveled all over the Mediterranean and Black Seas, establishing trading outposts and cities that bought goods and raw materials from local people, and sold luxuries like ivory and purple cloth. The purple cloth was their greatest luxury — no one else in the world knew the secret of making purple dye, and kings alone could wear the color because the Phoenicians made it so expensive. This was the origin of their name - \"\"phoenix\"\" in Greek means scarlet or dark red and was named after the famous dyes. The Phoenicians themselves had no real name, and because their writings are not common the Greek name has stuck. Contents1 What country did they live in?2 What did their buildings look like?3 What did they eat/drink?4 What did they wear?5 What did their writing look like?6 What did they believe?7 What is their History?8 What is left of them today? What country did they live in? [ edit]A Map of Phoenicia with major cities marked Ancient Phoenicia had its heartland in modern-day Lebanon and Syria. The most famous cities were Tyre, Byblos, Sarpeta, and Sidon."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D3266374#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/9312156/world-history-ch3-people-and-ideas-on-the-move-flash-cards/\nWorld History Ch.3- People and Ideas on the Move",
"text": "\"88 terms mspeckham World History Ch.3- People and Ideas on the Move Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Mahavira He established Jainism c.500. He emphasized meditation, self-denial and non-violence to all living things. Abraham The founding father of Judaism; first prophet of Christianity, Islam, and the Hebrews David The second king of Israel, a \"\"man after God's own heart.\"\" God made a new covenant with all the nations through David. Siddhartha Gautama founder of Buddism; born a prince; left his father's wealth to find the cause of human suffering; also know as Buddha Moses The Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus Solomon Son of David and king of Israel noted for his wisdom King Minos a king of the Minoans who legend has it owned a half-human, half-bull monster called the \"\"Minotaur\"\"Saul First king of the Israelites Herodotus father of history, first written history in the western world (Europe). Indo-European a group of semi-nomadic peoples who, about 1700 b.c., began to migrate from what is now southern Russia to the Indian subcontinent, Europe, and Southwest Asiasteppes dry grass covered plains Migration the act of moving from one place to settle in another Hittites an Indo-European people who settled in Anatolia around 2000 b.c. Anatolia the Southwest Asian peninsula now occupied by the Asian part of Turkey-also known as Asia minor Ayrans an Indo-European people who, about 1500 b.c."
},
{
"docid": "D1812244#0",
"title": "http://www.eupedia.com/genetics/spain_portugal_dna.shtml\nGenetic history of the Spaniards and the Portuguese",
"text": "\"Eupedia Home > Genetics > Haplogroups (home) > Iberian genetics Genetic history of the Spaniards and the Portuguese Author: Maciamo Hay (originally published in July 2013. Last updated on December 2017)Contents1. Introduction2. History of the peoples and tribes of Iberia2.1 Paleolithic to Early Neolithic2.2 Late Neolithic to Bronze Age2.3 Late Bronze Age to Iron Age2.4 Germanic migrations2.5 Moors & Franks3. Genome-wide analysis3.1 The Basque & Catalan exceptions3.2 Middle Eastern & African DNA4. Conclusion5. Y-DNA frequencies by region5.1 Sources of the Y-DNA frequencies6. Mt DNA frequencies by region7. Join the Iberia Regional DNA Project A PDF version of this page is available on Academia.edu Introduction The Iberian peninsula has a varied and mountainous landscape that has promoted regional division and the isolation of human settlement throughout prehistory and during most of history, until the development of modern transportation. This has created ample opportunities for stark regional variations to develop, be it in culture, language, or genetics."
},
{
"docid": "D2627114#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081024084811AABeDvc\nWhat happened to the Canaanites from the bible? who are their modern descendants?",
"text": "\"Society & Culture Religion & Spirituality What happened to the Canaanites from the bible? who are their modern descendants? Follow 7 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Canadians. Arthur · 10 years ago0 2 Comment Well, we have some pretty far-fetched answers here. Canaan is the land west of the Jordan River, and modern Israel occupies most of biblical Canaan. The Canaanites of the bible were the original inhabitants of Canaan - the ones whom the Jews were *supposed* to eradicate. However, though they did *not* eradicate them, they *did* impose their Mosaic Law upon them. In other words, all of the Canaanites who survived the Jewish invasion of Canaan almost certainly became Jews. It is unlikely that *any* of the original Canaanitish people survived (culturally or ethnically) the centuries of Jewish domination. It *is* possible that modern Lebanese people are closely related to the early Canaanites - but it is equally possible that they are *not*. Lebanon *is* the postulated origin of the Phoenicians."
},
{
"docid": "D1440009#0",
"title": "http://www.ancient.eu/religion/\nDefinition",
"text": "\"Definitionby Joshua J. Mark published on 23 March 2018Listen to this article, narrated by James Lloyd Religion (from the Latin Religio, meaning 'restraint,' or Relegere, according to Cicero, meaning 'to repeat, to read again,' or, most likely, Religionem, 'to show respect for what is sacred') is an organized system of beliefs and practices revolving around, or leading to, a transcendent spiritual experience. There is no culture recorded in human history which has not practiced some form of religion. In ancient times, religion was indistinguishable from what is known as ' mythology ' in the present day and consisted of regular rituals based on a belief in higher supernatural entities who created and continued to maintain the world and surrounding cosmos. Theses entities were anthropomorphic and behaved in ways which mirrored the values of the culture closely (as in Egypt) or sometimes engaged in acts antithetical to those values (as one sees with the gods of Greece ). Religion, then and now, concerns itself with the spiritual aspect of the human condition, gods and goddesses (or a single personal god or goddess), the creation of the world, a human being's place in the world, life after death, eternity, and how to escape from suffering in this world or in the next; and every nation has created its own god in its own image and resemblance. The Greek philosopher Xenophanes of Colophon (c. 570-478 BCE) once wrote: Mortals suppose that the gods are born and have clothes and voices and shapes like their own. But if oxen, horses and lions had hands or could paint with their hands and fashion works as men do, horses would paint horse-like images of gods and oxen oxen-like ones, and each would fashion bodies like their own. The Ethiopians consider the gods flat-nosed and black; the Thracians blue-eyed and red-haired. Xenophanes believed there was \"\"one god, among gods and men the greatest, not at all like mortals in body or mind\"\" but he was in the minority. Monotheism did not make sense to the ancient people aside from the visionaries and prophets of Judaism."
},
{
"docid": "D1220401#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carthage\nCarthage",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the historical city. For the Phoenician Republic, see Ancient Carthage. For the modern municipality, see Carthage (municipality). For other uses, see Carthage (disambiguation). For the airport, see Tunis–Carthage International Airport. Carthage Baths of Antoninus, Carthage Shown within Tunisia Location Tunisia Region Tunis Governorate Coordinates 36.8528°N 10.3233°ECoordinates: 36.8528°N 10.3233°EUNESCO World Heritage Site Type Cultural Criteria ii, iii, vi Designated 1979 (3rd session)Reference no. 37State Party Tunisia Region Arab States Carthage ( / ˈ k ɑːr θ ɪ dʒ /; from Latin: Carthago; Punic: • , Qart-ḥadašt, \"\"New City\"\") was the center or capital city of the ancient Carthaginian civilization, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now the Tunis Governorate in Tunisia. The city developed from a Phoenician colony into the capital of an empire dominating the Mediterranean during the first millennium BC. [ 1] The legendary Queen Dido is regarded as the founder of the city, though her historicity has been questioned. According to accounts by Timaeus of Tauromenium, she purchased from a local tribe the amount of land that could be covered by an oxhide."
},
{
"docid": "D1999766#0",
"title": "http://zionism-israel.com/old_testament/Tarshish.html\nWhere was Tarshish?",
"text": "\"Where was Tarshish? The city of Tarshish (or Tharshish) is mentioned several times in the Old Testament. Scholars are divided on what place this refers to. It may be Tarsus in Asia Minor, or it may be Tartessos in Iberia (ancient Spain) at the mouth of the Quadalquavir river. It has also been identified with ancient Carthage or the island of Crete. The Greek translators of the Old Testament, the Septuagint, translated Tarshish as Carthage. The Jewish historian Josephus and others believed Tarshish was Tarsus in Cilicia, in Asia Minor. Julius Africanus thought it was a name for Rhodes or for Cyprus; Eusebius and Hippolytus claimed that \"\"Tarshish\"\" referred to the city of Tartessos in Iberia, mentioned by Herodotus and other ancient writers was the Biblical Tarshish. Biblical mentions of Tarshish as a place\"\" Oniyot Tarshish \"\" (ships of Tarshish) are mentioned in 1 Kings 10 and 1 Kings 22 . In 1 Kings 10 the following is noted of King Solomon:1 KINGS 10:22 For the king had at sea a navy of Tharshish* with the navy of Hiram: once in three years came the navy of Tharshish, bringing gold, and silver, ivory, and apes, and peacocks."
},
{
"docid": "D2243870#0",
"title": "http://phoenicia.org/gibraltar.html\nThe Pillars of the Phoenicians© Copyright, William Serfaty 1997This is a thesis designed to provide a possible historical origin for the legend of the Pillars of Hercules.",
"text": "\"Mythology -- (Fiction)\"\"La columna de plata\"\" article from El Mundo, Spain ( elmundo.es) in Spanish on Mr. Serfaty's thesis by kind courtesy of Mr. Luis Miguel Fuentes. The Pillars of Hercules, in Homer's legend, were the two pillars on which Heracles, the original Greek form of the Roman mythical Hercules, mythically, fictitiously, pressed to separate Europe from Africa, and are today accepted as being two mountains at the mouth of the Mediterranean, where it meets the Atlantic Ocean, namely one on either side of the Straits of Gibraltar. ( This is perhaps a Greek repetition of the Story of Sampson in Middle Eastern mythology, who was said to have brought down the building he was in by separating and shearing two of its columns.) Another myth concerns Hercules' theft of the Golden Apples, placing the giant, Atlas, and his task of supporting the weight of the world, at the \"\"Pillars of Hercules\"\". Historical Basis of the Mythology1. The Phoenicians as Traders The Phoenicians were involved in coastal trade from as early as 3000 BC. ( a wreck discovered at Galeidonya, on the southern coast of Turkey dates from 1375 BC, and items discovered on it show it came from a developed maritime trading society on the Canaanite coast). The first clients they would have found Southwards along their coast from their cities at Tyre, Byblos, Sidon, Sarepta, Aradus, and Ugarit, would have been the Egyptians, who were engaged in a fever of Pyramid building fuelled by the wealth provided by the fertility of the Nile basin. The first products they traded were timbers for building construction from the cedar trees for which Lebanon is still renown, Phoenician crafts which were valued in Egypt, such as the manufacture of glass, silk from their trading with tribes to the east, possibly originating in India, and which the Phoenicians dyed with the purple ink they obtained from a marine snail found on their coast, a whelk, the Murex Murex, (other shades of purple requiring the addition of inks from other species of marine snails, all of which were more or less common throughout the Mediterranean). This purple silk was favoured by aristocratic Egyptians, and was extremely expensive."
},
{
"docid": "D3529751#0",
"title": "http://www.biblemysteries.com/lectures/languageofgod.htm\n.",
"text": "\"THE LANGUAGE OF GOD? The arguments against the historicity of the Exodus revolve around the lack of archaeological evidence of a mass migration from Egypt and a mass influx into the Holy Land at the end of the Bronze Age (the time at which conventional and believing Biblical scholars place this event). This lack of evidence is bolstered by any evidence within Egypt itself of the sojourn. This is one of the reasons we spent so much time on a revised chronology which might resolve the conflicts between the Biblical account and science. In so doing we did find evidence of mass movements of populations at the end of the Early Bronze age which could have accounted for the Exodus story in the Torah. One problem that was not addressed and which Biblical scholars tend to ignore is that of language. The Jewish sages contend that Hebrew was the language of God and that the Torah was handed over in its entirety to Moses at Mt. Sinai in that language. This poses some problems which Americans in particular would very much appreciate. Whichever theory one accepts on the length of the sojourn in Egypt (and this is not the time nor the place to discuss that), whether 400, 430 or 215 years, everyone who believes in the Exodus story agrees that it was of many generations. The question is obvious."
},
{
"docid": "D3259257#0",
"title": "https://www.thefreedictionary.com/get+the+sack\nsack",
"text": "\"sack (redirected from get the sack) Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Financial, Idioms, Encyclopedia .sack 1 (săk)n.1.a. A bag, especially one made of strong material for holding grain or objects in bulk.b. The amount that a sack can hold: sold two sacks of rice.2. also sacque A short loose-fitting garment for women and children.3. Slang Dismissal from employment: finally got the sack after a year of ineptitude.4. Informal A bed, mattress, or sleeping bag: hit the sack at 10:00.5. Baseball A base.6. Football A successful attempt at sacking the quarterback.tr.v. sacked, sack·ing, sacks1. To place into a sack: sacked the groceries.2."
},
{
"docid": "D1055912#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet\nPhoenician alphabet",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Phoenician alphabet Type Abjad Languages Phoenician, Punic Time period c. 1200 –150 BC [1]Parent systems Egyptian hieroglyphs [2]Proto-Sinaitic Phoenician alphabet Child systems Paleo-Hebrew alphabet Aramaic alphabet Greek alphabet ? Libyco-Berber ? Paleohispanic scripts Sister systems South Arabian alphabet Direction Right-to-left ISO 15924 Phnx, 115Unicode alias Phoenician Unicode range U+10900–U+1091FThis article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help: IPA. This article contains special characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. History of the alphabet [show]v t e The Phoenician alphabet, called by convention the Proto-Canaanite alphabet for inscriptions older than around 1050 BC, is the oldest verified alphabet. The Phoenician alphabet is an abjad [3] consisting of 22 letters, all consonants, with matres lectionis used for some vowels in certain late varieties. It was used for the writing of Phoenician, a Northern Semitic language, used by the civilization of Phoenicia."
},
{
"docid": "D3452829#0",
"title": "http://www.friesian.com/greek.htm\nThe Origin of Philosophy: The Attributes of Mythic/ Mythopoeic Thought",
"text": "\"The Origin of Philosophy: The Attributes of Mythic/ Mythopoeic Thought The pioneering work on this subject was The Intellectual Adventure of Ancient Man, An Essay on Speculative Thought in the Ancient Near East by Henri Frankfort, H. A. Frankfort, John A. Wilson, Thorkild Jacobsen, and William A. Irwin (University of Chicago Press, 1946, 1977 -- also once issued by Penguin as Before Philosophy ). Related ideas can also be found in Henri Frankfort's great Ancient Egyptian Religion (Harper Torchbooks, Harper & Row, 1948, 1961)How was Greek philosophy different from what came before? Or was it different? Even though \"\"philosophy,\"\", philosophía, is a Greek word (rendered into Arabic as, falsafah ), from, phileîn, \"\"to love,\"\" and, sophía, \"\"wisdom,\"\" perhaps it was just a continuation of how people had always thought about things anyway. After all, it is not uncommon now for items of Egyptian literature, like the Instruction of Ptah.h.otep, to be listed and taught as Egyptian \"\"philosophy\"\" (although the Tale of the Eloquent Peasant contains principles superior to much modern jurisprudence) So if Greek philosophy is to be thought of as different, there must be ways of specifying that difference. Similarly, if Greek philosophy is to be compared with Indian (, darshana-shâstra) and Chinese (; Japanese tetsugaku) philosophy, there must be something that they have in common, and that can be mutually contrasted with pre-philosophical thought. To pause for a moment, \"\"philosopher\"\" in Greek was, philósophos (plural, philósophoi) -- this turns up in Arabic again as, faylasûf (with a \"\"broken\"\" or irregular plural, falâsifah ). The grammatical form of is a (second declension) masculine, but compounds like this retain second declension endings even when they are used in the feminine gender. So a Greek woman who was a philosopher was still a. But a \"\"friend\"\" who is a, phílos, is male, while a female \"\"friend\"\" (or \"\" beloved \"\") is a, phílê. A striking example of this grammar was the patron goddess of Athens,, Athena Parthenos, or Athena \"\"the Virgin.\"\""
},
{
"docid": "D1452235#0",
"title": "http://www.languagesgulper.com/eng/Phoenician.html\n.",
"text": "Classification. Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Northwest Semitic, Canaanite. Phoenician was quite closely related to other Canaanite languages (Moabite, Ammonite, Edomite and Hebrew ). Overview. The Phoenicians are descendants of the Canaanites who around 1200 BCE were cut off from the interior of Syria and Palestine by the invasion of the 'Peoples of the Sea'. Confined to the coast, they founded a number of city-states (Byblos, Tyre, Sidon and others) but as the area was not rich in resources they explored and colonized the Mediterranean becoming seafarers and merchants. They had a key role in spreading the alphabet created by the Canaanites several centuries earlier. Their language, a typical Semitic one, is imperfectly known by some ten-thousand inscriptions which are almost always very short. Distribution. Phoenician was spoken in ancient times on the coast of Syria and Palestine (in today's Lebanon and north Israel), in the cities of Tyre, Sidon, Byblos, and neighboring towns."
},
{
"docid": "D3542510#0",
"title": "http://flash.yorktech.com/HIS/Supplement1/Supplement1_print.html\nHIS101 Early Western Civilization to 1689",
"text": "\"HIS101 Early Western Civilization to 1689 Supplement 1HIS101 Early Western Civilization to 1689Mesopotamia The Fertile Crescent Civilization developed slowly in different parts of the world. People began to settle in areas with abundant natural resources. A section of the Middle East is called the Fertile Crescent. The Fertile Crescent is a rich food-growing area in a part of the world where most of the land is too dry for farming. The Fertile Crescent is a boomerang shaped region that extends from the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. Some of the best farmland of the Fertile Crescent is on a narrow strip of land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The Greeks later called this area Mesopotamia, which means \"\"between the rivers.\"\" Many different civilizations developed in this small region. First came the Sumerians, who were replaced in turn by the Assyrians and the Babylonians. Today this land is known as Iraq."
},
{
"docid": "D1638280#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/8789438/world-history-exam-chapters-1-2-and-3-flash-cards/\nWorld History Exam--Chapters 1, 2, and 3",
"text": "\"61 terms Dora The Explorer4World History Exam--Chapters 1, 2, and 3Cumulative review quarters 1&2. . . OMG that rhymed Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Current archaeological theory supports Louis and Mary Leakey's discover that the cradle of humanity is Africa Humans are members of a family of primates known as hominids The largest brains of early hominids were those of Homo Sapiens. Most early human activity centered on gathering food The earliest representation of cave art discovered is in Southeastern France, in Chauvet Cave The earliest transition to agriculture was in the Middle East What are the criteria for \"\"civilization\"\"? Cities, control of geographic area as a means of power. Agriculture in Mesopotamia depended on artificial canals and irrigation. The earliest historically documented people of Mesopotamia were the Sumerians The term city-state refers to an urban center and the agricultural hinterlands it controlled. In Mesopotamian cities, the temples housed the cult of the deity or deities. In the third millennium B. C. E, the political rule in Sumer was a lugal. Historians can infer that Mesopotamian society was made up of three classes. Women in Mesopotamian society had a lower status than in a hunter-gatherer society because of the shift of the major role in food provision from women to men."
},
{
"docid": "D1533534#0",
"title": "http://phoenicia.jimdo.com/the-phoenicans/\nThe Phoenician People",
"text": "\"The Phoenician People The Phoenicians were a seafaring trading company who called themselves Canaanites, meaning \"\"merchant\"\", which describes the Phoenicians very well. The Canaanite civilization began to develop in the modern day land which is Lebanon, parts of Syria and Israel, circa 3000 B. C. The term Phoenicia, from the Greek Phoenix, means Purple-red. This refers to the purple industry of the early Lebanese people. Phoenicians were wealthy, as the main occupation in Phoenicia was being a merchant. Their trading ships carried products such as timber from their prized cedar trees, copper and other minerals, and manufactured goods like their purple cloth, fine wooden furnature, carved ivory, metal work, and glass. They established trading colonies along the Mediterranean Sea from Phoenicia to Spain. Phoencia's leading cities were Sidon and Tyre, another was Byblos, that came from the word bible, because the city exported Papyrus for writing. Tyre was the center of the purple dye industry. The Phoenicians made the alphabet, which is very important in society today. The most signifigant contribution from the Phoenicians is syllable writing."
},
{
"docid": "D3225761#0",
"title": "http://phoenicia.org/crete.htm\n.",
"text": "\"Phoenicians in Southern Crete JOSEPH W. SHAWAbstract During the 1979 excavation season at Kommos, a curious structure with three tapering stone pillars was discovered on the floor of a Geometric/Archaic temple, above which lay a fourth-century B. C. Greek temple. The tripillar structure appears to have been a center of worship particularly in the late ninth and eighth centuries B. C. Its appearance and certain historical and ar-chaeological indications suggest that it may have been inspired by Phoenician shrines, if not set up by Phoenician seafarers visiting Kommos. During the second millennium B. C. Kommos, for which the ancient name remains unknown, was a Minoan seaside settlement with large ashlar buildings built near the shore (figs. 1 and 2, where the lighter and most of the shaded walls are Minoan; the solid walls are Greek). 1 In the next millennium, following the Minoan period, the use of the area changed, from a residential and civic center to a religious one represented by a small rural sanctuary built upon a Minoan ashlar structure. Of its three major temple phases, the first began (ca. 925-800 B. C.) with the es-tablishment of a small rectangular temple (A), open to the east, possibly with benches on the interior. Temple A was succeeded (ca. 800-600 B. C.) on the same site by Temple B (fig. 3), which, after a hiatus of some 200 years, was itself covered over by Temple C (fig."
},
{
"docid": "D1835904#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_did_the_phoenicians_live\nWhen did the Phoenicians live?",
"text": "When did the Phoenicians live? They lived in modern leban. some of the cities were simya, beryto, bybol, tyre, and sidon. the time period they lived in was 1200 b.c.-200 b.c. What time period did the Phoenicians live in?1200 BCE to 800 BCENevwik 74,659 Contributions Where did the ancient Phoenicians live? They lived in Phoenicia, an ancient civilization centered in thenorth of ancient Canaan along the coastal regions of modern day Lebanon, Syria and Palestine. They established t …Nevwik 74,659 Contributions Where did the Phoenician people live? In the area of today's Lebanon, Syria and Palestine, and at Carthage in today's Tunisia. Dan Galilee 71,082 Contributions A Jewish-American Rabbi living in Israel, studying, teaching and writing on Judaism. Where did the Jews and the Phoenicians live?"
},
{
"docid": "D2749174#0",
"title": "https://www.reddit.com/r/history/comments/4bh30m/what_religion_did_berbers_practice_before_islam/\n.",
"text": "\"Welcome to Reddit,the front page of the internet. Become a Redditorand subscribe to one of thousands of communities.×1196Discussion/Question What religion did berbers practice before islam in North Africa ? ( self.history)submitted 1 year ago by alphaaa55All I know is that they had some sort of pagan religion inspired by Romans and Phoenicians. Is there any trace left of their gods ? 416 comments share save hide reporttop 200 comments show all 416sorted by: best (suggested)Want to add to the discussion? Post a comment!Create an account [–] arminius_saw [ M] [score hidden] 1 year ago stickied comment Hi everyone -Berber, not Bieber. The first is an ethnic group from North Africa and the second is not relevant in /r/history. Please stay on topic.permalink embed saveload more comments (20 replies) [–] Acidnapper 203 points 1 year ago Well, I know that you've already discounted Christianity and Judaism as majority belief systems, but according to historian Hugh Kennedy, Roman North Africa was thoroughly Christianized by the 7th century, and Berbers made up the majority of the population. Of course, the administrative class at the time were Christian Greeks and Punic descendents, so that is who our main sources are. One interesting anecdote, though, is that Kahina, the Berber \"\"Prophetess\"\" who led the resistance against the Arabs for a number of years, was either Jewish or Christian, according to the sources."
},
{
"docid": "D617022#0",
"title": "http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/features/world/asia/lebanon/phoenicians-text.html\n",
"text": "\"Published: October 2004Who Were the Phoenicians? By Rick Gore Photographs by Robert Clark Inspired by Egypt, obelisks punctuate a temple in Byblos, Lebanon, that was likely dedicated to the god Reshef about 1800 b.c By that time Egypt had already been trading with the cities of the eastern Mediterranean for at least a thousand years, importing luxuries such as wine, olive oil, and cedar timbers. In return the Phoenicians acquired Egyptian articles such as gold, scarabs, and stone vases, which have survived as votive articles buried at temples. Egyptian papyrus, on which the Phoenicians kept their records, crumbled to dust long ago. \"\" I am a Phoenician,\"\" says the young man, giving the name of a people who vanished from history 2,000 years ago. \"\" At least I feel like I'm one of them. My relatives have been fishermen and sailors here for centuries. \"\"\"\" Good, we can use some real Phoenicians,\"\" says Spencer Wells, an American geneticist, who wraps the young man's arm in a tourniquet as they sit on the veranda of a restaurant in Byblos, Lebanon, an ancient city of stone on the Mediterranean. The young man, Pierre Abi Saad, has arrived late, eager to participate in an experiment to shed new light on the mysterious Phoenicians. He joins a group of volunteers—fishermen, shopkeepers, and taxi drivers—gathered around tables under the restaurant awning."
},
{
"docid": "D2474185#0",
"title": "http://www.penfield.edu/webpages/jgiotto/onlinetextbook.cfm?subpage=1636175\n.",
"text": "\"The Archaic Period (800-500BC)The Archaic, or old period of ancient Greece was, until the discovery of the Mycenaean Civilization, thought to have been the beginning of Greek history. Although we now know that Greek history dates back to the Mycenaean times, the Archaic Period was a time of re-birth. Between the Mycenaean times and the Archaic Period was the Greek Dark Ages, a time of low population, iron-making, lawlessness, lack of art, and illiteracy (not being able to read or write). To understand the changes in the Archaic Period, we should review the Dark Ages of Greece. The poet Homer gives us our best look into this period in his poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey. The Dark Ages, according to these poems, was a time when kings had limited power. Kings are described as being poor farmers, thieves, and pirates. There was an aristocracy that ruled during the Dark Ages, men, whose families had attained power, but these men were not rich, nor did they have the total power of the Mycenaean kings before them. No one person could elevate himself above the rest. Dark Age Greeks could not read or write during this time (illiteracy)."
}
] |
620287
|
what did the phonograph cylinder do
|
[
{
"docid": "D1302091#0",
"title": "https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/p/Phonograph_cylinder.htm\nPhonograph cylinder",
"text": "\"Phonograph cylinder2007 Schools Wikipedia Selection. Related subjects: Engineering The earliest method of recording and reproducing sound was on phonograph cylinders. Commonly known simply as \"\"records\"\" in their era of greatest popularity (c. 1888 - 1915), these cylinder shaped objects had an audio recording engraved on the outside surface which could be reproduced when the cylinder was played on a mechanical phonograph. The competing disc-shaped gramophone record system triumphed in the market place to become the dominant commercial audio medium in the 1910s, and commercial mass production of phonograph cylinders ended in 1929. Two Edison cylinder records (on either end) and their cardboard storage cartons (centre). Early development of the phonograph cylinder Making a home recording Listening to a cylinder with rubber ear-tubes Dancing to music on a cylinder played through an amplifying horn Paper slip from 1902 cylinder Portion of the label on the outside of a Columbia Records cylinder package, before 1901. Note the title of the recording is hand written on the label. Edison Gold Moulded Cylinder made from black wax, ca. 1904Amberol cylinder package lid Rim of Edison \"\"Blue Amberol\"\" cylinder Proper way to hold a cylinder record: put fingers on the inside; do not touch the outer surface which has the recording. The phonograph was conceived by Thomas Edison on 18 July 1877 for recording telephone messages, his first test using waxed paper."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D2783711#0",
"title": "http://www.dictionary.com/browse/phonograph\nphonograph",
"text": "\"phonograph [ foh -n uh -graf, -grahf]Spell Syllables Examples Word Origin See more synonyms on Thesaurus.comnoun1. any sound-reproducing machine using records in the form of cylinders or discs. Origin of phonograph Expand1825-18351825-35 in sense “phonogram”; 1877 for the “talking phonograph” invented by T. A. Edison; phono- + -graph Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2018. Cite This Source Examples from the Web for phonograph Expand Contemporary Examples Radio broadcasts, phonograph recordings, and talking films were bringing culture to the masses. Dreaming of Paris Philip Gefter January 28, 2010Historical Examples The phonograph lay under the very eyes of Science, and yet she did not see it. Heroes of the Telegraph J. Munro This is a convenient arrangement in using the phonograph for correspondence or dictation. Heroes of the Telegraph J. Munro Callers can leave a verbal message in the phonograph instead of a note. Heroes of the Telegraph J. Munro Wills and other private deeds may of course be executed by phonograph. Heroes of the Telegraph J. Munro It consists of a tympanum or drum, having a stylus attached as in the phonograph. Heroes of the Telegraph J. Munro The phonograph was more of a surprise; but still it was no exception to the rule."
},
{
"docid": "D532822#0",
"title": "http://www.gracyk.com/tenquestion.shtml\nTen Commonly Asked Questions About Phonographs",
"text": "Ten Commonly Asked Questions About Phonographs By R. J. Wakeman Owners of phonographs contact me on a daily basis and ask good questions. Ten questions are asked so often that I decided to give my standard answers in one article on the internet. Some questions are sent by those who have rescued the old family Victrola. They are anxious to restore the phonograph and once again consider it a family treasure. In the early days, the purchase of a phonograph was a major family event, the new machine being considered more a musical instrument than a mere appliance or piece of furniture. So it is not surprising that many phonographs have stayed in families, passed from one generation to the next. But many questions are from individuals with a phonograph purchased at a flea market or garage sale, and the new owner is anxious to know all about his or her new treasure. Despite the passing decades, it is still possible to hear the original records as played on the original phonographs, which is somewhat amazing in this age of nearly perfect CDs. The happy sounds of a snappy 1920's fox trot can still brighten the day, and there is real pleasure from listening to a beautiful operatic or concert record on a magnificent cabinet phonograph. We don’t usually think in such terms, but a phonograph record is similar to a photograph in that it allows us to relive a moment from the past."
},
{
"docid": "D2502581#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jukebox\nJukebox",
"text": "\"Jukebox From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search For other uses, see Jukebox (disambiguation). A Zodiac jukebox The jukebox when opened The internal workings of the jukebox Reproduction Wurlitzer 1015 (manufactured 1946 [1]) in the Hotel Nacional de Cuba, Havana Seeburg Wall-o-Matic tableside extension, at Triple XXX, Issaquah, Washington, 2009Filben Maestro 78RPM jukebox (late 1940s)Seeburg Select-o-matic (1949)A jukebox is a partially automated music-playing device, usually a coin-operated machine, that will play a patron's selection from self-contained media. The classic jukebox has buttons with letters and numbers on them that, when entered in combination, are used to play a specific selection. Contents [ hide ]1 History2 Notable models3 Decline4 Digital jukebox4.1 Jukebox apps5 See also6 References7 External links History [ edit]Coin-operated music boxes and player pianos were the first forms of automated coin-operated musical devices. These instruments used paper rolls, metal disks, or metal cylinders to play a musical selection on the instrument, or instruments, enclosed within the device. In the 1890s these devices were joined by machines which used actual recordings instead of physical instruments. [ 2] [3] In 1890, Louis Glass and William S. Arnold invented the nickel-in-the-slot phonograph, the first of which was an Edison Class M Electric Phonograph retrofitted with a device patented under the name of Coin Actuated Attachment for Phonograph. The music was heard via one of four listening tubes. [ 4]Early designs, upon receiving a coin, unlocked the mechanism, allowing the listener to turn a crank that simultaneously wound the spring motor and placed the reproducer's stylus in the starting groove. Frequently, exhibitors would equip many of these machines with listening tubes (acoustic headphones) and array them in \"\"phonograph parlors\"\", allowing the patron to select between multiple records, each played on its own machine."
},
{
"docid": "D562558#0",
"title": "https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/thomas-edison.html\nNational Historic Chemical Landmark",
"text": "\"National Historic Chemical Landmark Designated at the present sites of Edison's three research laboratories: the Edison & Ford Winter Estates in Fort Myers, Florida, on May 25, 2014; at the Thomas Edison National Historical Park in West Orange, New Jersey, on June 6, 2014; at the Menlo Park Laboratory at The Henry Ford, Greenfield Village, in Dearborn, Michigan, on September 20, 2014, and at the Thomas Edison Center at Menlo Park in Edison, New Jersey, on October 24, 2015. Commemorative Booklet (PDF)Thomas Alva Edison is an unparalleled figure in the history of the United States. Born into a middle-class family in the American Midwest during the 1840s and with little formal education, Edison became a household name for his inventions that ushered in a new era of modernity with light and sound in every home. With more than 1,000 patents and inventions that inspired people throughout the nation, Edison was an able experimenter who took a keen interest in chemistry at a young age, and chemical applications were a central theme in many of his inventions, including the carbon filaments used in light bulbs, development of the nickel-iron alkaline electric storage battery, and research into domestic sources of rubber. Contents: Thomas Edison's Early Life Menlo Park Laboratory Phonograph Light Bulb Filaments and Electrical Lighting West Orange Laboratory Phonograph Record Materials Electrical Storage Battery Rubber and the Edison Botanic Research Corporation Thomas Edison's Legacy Further Reading Dedication and Acknowledgments Cite this Page Cover from \"\"Thomas Edison, Chemist,\"\" produced by the National Historic Chemical Landmarks program of the American Chemical Society in 2014. Youtube ID: mn8u GDg_5f AThomas Edison's Early Life Thomas Edison was born in Milan, Ohio, on February 11, 1847. Edison’s father, Samuel, was a shingle maker and land speculator, while his mother, Nancy, kept house and taught young Edison at home. Edison was the youngest of seven children, only four of whom lived past their childhoods. Because his siblings were more than 15 years older, Edison was the only child in the home and received the benefit of both parents’ dutiful attention. His family moved from Ohio to Port Huron, Michigan, in 1854."
},
{
"docid": "D1414667#0",
"title": "http://www.inventions-handbook.com/industrial-revolution-inventions.html\nIndustrial Revolution Inventions",
"text": "Industrial Revolution Inventions Numerous Industrial Revolution inventions are still being used today. The Industrial Revolution has been a pivotal stage in history, and one marked by tremendous innovation, helping shape the modern world as we know it. In this article there are just a few examples of areas of innovations where inventions in the period known as the industrial revolution were created or moved the field ahead in terms of its development and innovation. Industrial Revolution Inventions #1- Spinning Jenny The Spinning Jenny was created to help cope with demand in the booming textile industry in Britain back during the industrial revolution. It was a wooden construction that allowed one worker to spin up to 8 spools at a time, via a multi-spool spinning frame. Before its invention, workers had to spin one spool of yarn at a time – so you can imagine how much more efficient and quicker textile production became with the introduction of spinning jenny. It allowed artisans to produce yarn at a much faster rate, and cater for a significantly larger amount of consumers. The spinning jenny, was invented by James Hargreaves around 1720. Interestingly enough, Hargreaves first kept the news of his invention a secret. He just produced a few machines for his own private use, which made him a success and produced enough yarn to meet and exceed demand."
},
{
"docid": "D2838228#0",
"title": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Edison\nThomas Edison",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Thomas Alva Edison\"\"Genius is one percent inspiration, ninety-nine percent perspiration.\"\" – Thomas Alva Edison, Harper's Monthly (September 1932)Born February 11, 1847 Milan, Ohio, United States Died October 18, 1931 (aged 84) West Orange, New Jersey, United States Cause of death Diabetes mellitus Occupation Inventor, scientist, businessman Spouse (s) Mary Stilwell ( m. 1871–84)Mina Edison ( m. 1886–1931)Children Marion Estelle Edison (1873–1965) Thomas Alva Edison Jr. (1876–1935) William Leslie Edison (1878–1937) Madeleine Edison (1888–1979) Charles Edison (1890–1969) Theodore Miller Edison (1898–1992)Parent (s) Samuel Ogden Edison, Jr. (1804–1896) Nancy Matthews Elliott (1810–1871)Relatives Lewis Miller (father-in-law)Play media Video, A Day with Thomas Edison (1922)Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 - October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and entrepreneur, who invented many things. Thomas Edison developed one of the first practical light bulb, but contrary to popular belief did not invent the light bulb. Edison's 1093 patents were the most granted to any inventor in his time. [ 1] He started the General Electric Company to make some of the things he invented. Contents1 Early life2 Career3 Personal life4 Related pages5 References6 Other websites Early life [ change | change source]Thomas Alva Edison was born in Milan, Ohio. When Edison was seven years old, he moved with his family to Port Huron, Michigan. Edison started school late because of an illness. Three months later, Edison was removed from school, because he could not pay attention to his teacher. His mother, who was a teacher in Canada, taught Edison at home."
},
{
"docid": "D3133883#0",
"title": "https://www.americanbluesscene.com/2013/11/today-in-history-the-first-jukebox-made-its-debut/\nToday in History â The First Jukebox Made It's Musical Debut",
"text": "\"Home Blues Music Today in History – The First Jukebox Made It's Musical Debut Today in History – The First Jukebox Made It's Musical Debut By Casebeer - November 23, 2013 6160Blues Music News Share on Facebook Tweet on Twitter Classic Wurlitzer Jukebox The Jukebox — that all-important machine that sat in the corner of just about every drinking and/or hangout establishment in America through a large part of the 20th century. It was arguably one of the key factors in shaping music and culture in modern times. Almost everyone has heard the stories of friends or strangers hearing a song on the jukebox and then asking others what or who the song is and then that person rushing out to get the music for themselves. The famous image of “The Fonz” is forever etched in our minds as the master of that amazing music machine that gloriously spit out just the right song, at just the right time — and occasionally the wrong song at the wrong time. The classic jukebox is an automated music-playing machine. It’s usually coin-operated and it will play the customers’ music selection from the available cache of songs contained in the belly of the beast. The customer presses any combination of buttons, “A-7” for instance will get you “Mustang Sally” on a regular basis. But where, when and how did this bearer of happiness (or sadness) come into play? The term “jukebox” came into use in the United States around 1940, derived from the familiar usage “ juke joint “, derived from the Gullah word “juke” or “joog” meaning disorderly, rowdy, or wicked. We know that one of the first music-for-money playing devices was invented by Louis Glass in San Francisco."
},
{
"docid": "D867935#0",
"title": "http://www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/edison/aa_edison_phonograph_1.html\n.",
"text": "Scientists & Inventors Thomas Alva Edison Photo of Edison with cylinder phonograph in 1878Edison Invents the Phonograph Thomas Edison created many inventions, but his favorite was the phonograph. While working on improvements to the telegraph and the telephone, Edison figured out a way to record sound on tinfoil-coated cylinders. In 1877, he created a machine with two needles: one for recording and one for playback. When Edison spoke into the mouthpiece, the sound vibrations of his voice would be indented onto the cylinder by the recording needle. What do you think were the first words that Edison spoke into the phonograph?page 1 of 3Library Of Congress | Legal Notices | Privacy | Site Map | Contact Us"
},
{
"docid": "D532823#0",
"title": "http://www.collectorsweekly.com/electronics/phonographs\nAntique Phonographs",
"text": "When it comes to late 19th- and early 20th-century technological innovations, no individual had a greater impact than Thomas Alva Edison, the Wizard of Menlo Park. For example, Edison invented the world’s first machine to record and reproduce sound in 1877. He called his invention a phonograph. In 1878, he patented the device and made about 500 machines before turning his attention to the light bulb. That work would lead to the formation of a little company we know today as General Electric. Edison’s purely mechanical device consisted of a rotating wax cylinder whose grooved surface transmitted sounds through a stylus and into an amplifying horn. Emile Berliner had a better idea. His gramophone, which he patented 10 years after Edison’s phonograph, played flat shellac records, which were cheaper to produce than Edison’s cylinders and moved from side to side in their groves rather than up and down. Other late 19th-century luminaries were also interested in the phonograph. In 1885, Alexander Graham Bell’s cousin Chichester Bell and an inventor named Charles Sumner Tainter developed the graphophone, which was basically an improved version of Edison’s cylinder-based machine."
},
{
"docid": "D2309512#0",
"title": "http://inventors.about.com/od/bstartinventors/a/Emile_BerlinerB_2.htm\nEmile Berliner and the History of the Gramophone",
"text": "\"Humanities ›History & Culture Emile Berliner and the History of the Gramophone Emile Berliner brought the sound recorder and player to the masses Share Flipboard Email Print Multi-bits/ Stone/ Getty Imagesby Mary Bellis Updated January 24, 2018Early attempts to design a consumer sound or music playing gadget began in 1877. That year, Thomas Edison invented his tin-foil phonograph, which played recorded sounds from round cylinders. Unfortunately, the sound quality on the phonograph was bad and each recording only lasted for only one play. Edison's phonograph was followed by Alexander Graham Bell's graphophone. The graphophone used wax cylinders, which could be played many times. However, each cylinder had to be recorded separately, making the mass reproduction of the same music or sounds impossible with the graphophone. The Gramophone and Records On November 8, 1887, Emile Berliner, a German immigrant working in Washington D. C., patented a successful system for sound recording. Berliner was the first inventor to stop recording on cylinders and start recording on flat disks or records. The first records were made of glass. They were then made using zinc and eventually plastic."
},
{
"docid": "D2775502#0",
"title": "http://www.livescience.com/33793-record-players-work.html\nHow Do Record Players Work?",
"text": "Live Science Planet Earth How Do Record Players Work? By Live Science Staff | March 23, 2012 09:52am ETMOREIn a simple sense, sound is a series of pressure waves sent through a medium like air or water. Think of standing in front of a speaker when loud music is playing — you can feel the sound vibrations travelling through your body from the soles of your feet. With his understanding of how sound waves behave, Thomas Edison developed the phonograph, the grandfather of modern record players, in 1877. The phonograph could record sound and play it back. The receiver consisted of a tin foil wrapped cylinder and a very thin membrane, called a diaphragm, attached to a needle. Sound waves were directed into the diaphragm, making it vibrate. A hand crank turned the cylinder to rotate the tinfoil cylinder while the needle cut a groove into it to record the sound vibrations from the diaphragm. The output side of the machine played the sound through a needle and an amplifier. The needle was set in the groove and the cylinder set to the beginning."
},
{
"docid": "D1388168#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonograph\nPhonograph",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"Turntable\"\" redirects here. For its use as a musical instrument, see Turntablism. For other uses, see Turntable (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Phonogram (disambiguation). Thomas Edison with his second phonograph, photographed by Mathew Brady in Washington, April 1878Edison wax cylinder phonograph, circa 1899Close up of the mechanism of an Edison Amberola, circa 1915A late 20th-century turntable and record The phonograph is a device for the mechanical recording and reproduction of sound. In its later forms, it is also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name in the UK since 1910), or, since the 1940s, a record player. The sound vibration waveforms are recorded as corresponding physical deviations of a spiral groove engraved, etched, incised, or impressed into the surface of a rotating cylinder or disc, called a \"\"record\"\" or \"\"vinyl\"\". To recreate the sound, the surface is similarly rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is therefore vibrated by it, very faintly reproducing the recorded sound. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves which were coupled to the open air through a flaring horn, or directly to the listener's ears through stethoscope -type earphones. The phonograph was invented in 1877 by Thomas Edison. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2783712#0",
"title": "http://www.yourdictionary.com/phonograph\nphonograph",
"text": "\"phonographpho·no·graph Use phonograph in a sentence Gramophone Think Stocknoun The definition of a phonograph is a record player. A player introduced in 1877 to reproduce sounds on which you can play records and listen to the sound through an attached speaker is an example of a phonograph. Your Dictionary definition and usage example. Copyright © 2018 by Love To Know Corp Link/Citephonographa device for reproducing sound that has been mechanically transcribed in a spiral groove on a circular disc or cylinder: a stylus following the groove in the revolving disc or cylinder transmits vibrations which are converted into sound Origin of phonographphono- + -graph Webster's New World College Dictionary, Fifth Edition Copyright © 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Link/Citephonographnoun A machine that reproduces sound by means of a stylus in contact with a grooved rotating disk. Related Forms:pho′no·graph′icadjectivepho′no·graph′i·cal·lyadverb THE AMERICAN HERITAGE® DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, FIFTH EDITION by the Editors of the American Heritage Dictionaries. Copyright © 2016, 2011 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved."
},
{
"docid": "D1660969#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/Who-invented-the-light-bulb\nWho invented the light bulb?",
"text": "\"Edison? nah!.. he wasn’t dumb.. but he was more of a “business” orientated person than an inventor.. while the real inventors and researchers were that.. inventors and researchers.. Edison was the smart guy who started a research facility company, and attributed all of his workers merits to his company thus to himself.. something that is even in practice today! \"\" Keep on the lookout for novel ideas that others have used successfully. Your idea has to be original only in its adaptation to the problem you’re working on.\"\" – Thomas Edison Much of what the public knows about America’s most celebrated inventor is riddled with misconceptions. Among other things, the shrewed businessman Thomas Alva Edison, did not invent the light bulb. Following is a list of 10 inventions that are often attributed to Edison, but were in fact not his making.1. The Electric Bulb or Incandescent Lamp (from Volta to William David Coolidge perfected it, although Sir Humphrey Davy was THE inventor) developed and refined by lots of researchers.. a few of Edison.. but the most important were before and after Edison’s people did work on it).. Ask any child who invented the light bulb, and the answer is likely to be \"\"Thomas Edison\"\". - Contrary to what schools have taught for years, the American icon, Thomas Edison, neither invented the light bulb, nor held the first patent to the modern design of the light bulb."
},
{
"docid": "D284640#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Edison\nThomas Edison",
"text": "Thomas Edison, in full Thomas Alva Edison, (born February 11, 1847, Milan, Ohio, U. S.—died October 18, 1931, West Orange, New Jersey), American inventor who, singly or jointly, held a world record 1,093 patents. In addition, he created the world’s first industrial research laboratory. Thomas Edison, seen late in life in this video, was the most famous inventor in American history. Though he is best known for his invention of the phonograph and incandescent electric light, Edison took out 1,093 patents in a variety of fields, including electric light and power, telephony and telegraphy, and sound recording. His public image as a homespun, untutored genius actually concealed a thinker who was quite systematic and methodical and who collaborated closely with machinists, designers, and scientists in his laboratory at Menlo Park, N. J. Edison was the quintessential American inventor in the era of Yankee ingenuity. He began his career in 1863, in the adolescence of the telegraph industry, when virtually the only source of electricity was primitive batteries putting out a low-voltage current. Before he died, in 1931, he had played a critical role in introducing the modern age of electricity. From his laboratories and workshops emanated the phonograph, the carbon-button transmitter for the telephone speaker and microphone, the incandescent lamp, a revolutionary generator of unprecedented efficiency, the first commercial electric light and power system, an experimental electric railroad, and key elements of motion-picture apparatus, as well as a host of other inventions. Edison, Thomas Alva Thomas Alva Edison. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Edison was the seventh and last child—the fourth surviving—of Samuel Edison, Jr., and Nancy Elliot Edison."
},
{
"docid": "D1638643#0",
"title": "http://amale16.weebly.com/1877-1928.html\nThe Phonograph",
"text": "\"The Phonograph In 1877 the first phonograph was invented by Thomas Edison. The phonograph was the first method of recording and playing back sound. This was Edison's first great invention. The new invention gave Edison international fame. He toured the country with the phonograph and was even invited to the White House to demonstrate the invention to President Rutherfor B. Hayes in 1878. The Gramophone The Phonograph was great at the time but it was only good for a one time only playback and the sound quality was terrible. 10 years after the Phonograph was invented Emile Berliner came up with the Gramophone. He was the first inventor to stop recording on cylinders and start recording on flat discs or records. The first records were made of glass. Later on they were made of zinc and eventually plastic."
},
{
"docid": "D1194915#0",
"title": "http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/228/why-are-record-speeds-33-45-and-78-rpm\nWhy are vinyl record speeds 33, 45, and 78 RPM? And why the big hole in 45s?",
"text": "Why are vinyl record speeds 33, 45, and 78 RPM? And why the big hole in 45s? March 12, 1976Dear Cecil: What was so special about the record speeds 33, 45, and 78 RPM except that 33 plus 45 equals 78? How and why were these speeds chosen? And why did 45s have that big hole? John L., Dallas Illustration by Slug Signorino Cecil replies: Like so many things in this world, John, the various record speeds were determined by chance and compromise. The compromise in this case was between playing time and fidelity. The slower a record revolves, the longer it plays and the worse it sounds. Slow speeds are acceptable for spoken-word recordings (many early “talking books” were recorded at 16-2/3 RPM), but not for music, where sound quality is critical. Thomas Edison’s first phonographs were hand cranked, which made a single standard speed virtually impossible."
},
{
"docid": "D2952966#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victrola\nVictor Talking Machine Company",
"text": "\"Victor Talking Machine Company From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Victrola)navigation search\"\"Victrola\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Victrola (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( August 2010) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Victor Talking Machine Company\"\" His Master's Voice \"\" logo with Nipper Founded 1901Founder Eldridge R. Johnson Emile Berliner Status Acquired by RCA in 1929, known today as RCA Records Genre Classical, blues, jazz, country, bluegrass, folk Country of origin United States of America Location Camden, New Jersey The Victor Talking Machine Company was an American record company and phonograph manufacturer headquartered in Camden, New Jersey. The company was founded by engineer Eldridge R. Johnson, who had previously made gramophones to play Emile Berliner 's disc records. [ 1] After a series of legal wranglings between Berliner, Johnson and their former business partners, the two joined to form the Consolidated Talking Machine Co. in order to combine the patents for the record with Johnson's patents improving its fidelity. Victor Talking Machine Co. was incorporated officially in 1901 shortly before agreeing to allow Columbia Records use of its disc record patent. Contents [ hide ]1 Inception2 Name3 Acoustical recording era4 Electrical recording era5 Acquisition by Radio Corporation of America6 Subsidiaries, partners, and plants7 List of Victor Records artists8 Archives9 The Victrola and other products10 See also11 Further reading12 References13 External links Inception [ edit]Victor IV gramophone."
},
{
"docid": "D467001#0",
"title": "http://jeff560.tripod.com/first.html\nWhat Was the First U. S. Radio Station?",
"text": "\"What Was the First U. S. Radio Station? Elizabeth Mc Leod These posts by Elizabeth Mc Leod, a broadcast journalist and a free-lance broadcast historian specializing in the late 1920s and early 1930s, is reproduced with her permission. Date: Wed, 8 Jul 98 08:02:58 -0400 From: Elizabeth Mc Leod ([email protected]) To: [email protected] Subject: Re: First Broadcasters? The question of who was the first broadcaster in the US depends largely on how you define \"\"broadcasting.\"\" There were many stations on the air during the 1910s offering code transmissions of weather reports, news summaries, and market information for reception by amateurs (as opposed to specific point-to-point signals intended for a single recipient). But if voice transmission is the defining factor, there are several claimants to the \"\"first broadcaster\"\" title prior to KDKA in 1920. Dr. Lee De Forest claimed to have begun a regular series of voice transmissions from an experimental station in New York in 1907, and was inarguably active in promoting special broadcasts of voice and music thruout the decade. He tended to use a series of special \"\"remote\"\" stations, however, and wasn't based in a single location. His earliest broadcasts preceded the issuance of the first radio licenses by the Department of Commerce. Charles Herrold of San Jose began his voice transmissions in the spring of 1909, using the self-assigned call sign of \"\"FN.\"\""
},
{
"docid": "D919863#0",
"title": "https://www.loc.gov/collections/edison-company-motion-pictures-and-sound-recordings/articles-and-essays/history-of-edison-sound-recordings/history-of-the-cylinder-phonograph/\nHistory of the Cylinder Phonograph",
"text": "\"History of the Cylinder Phonograph Phonograph Catalog/Advertisement: \"\"I want a phonograph in every home...\"\". The phonograph was developed as a result of Thomas Edison's work on two other inventions, the telegraph and the telephone. In 1877, Edison was working on a machine that would transcribe telegraphic messages through indentations on paper tape, which could later be sent over the telegraph repeatedly. This development led Edison to speculate that a telephone message could also be recorded in a similar fashion. He experimented with a diaphragm which had an embossing point and was held against rapidly-moving paraffin paper. The speaking vibrations made indentations in the paper. Edison later changed the paper to a metal cylinder with tin foil wrapped around it. The machine had two diaphragm-and-needle units, one for recording, and one for playback. When one would speak into a mouthpiece, the sound vibrations would be indented onto the cylinder by the recording needle in a vertical (or hill and dale) groove pattern. Edison gave a sketch of the machine to his mechanic, John Kruesi, to build, which Kruesi supposedly did within 30 hours."
}
] |
620288
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what did the phonograph use to record
|
[
{
"docid": "D2775503#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_the_phonograph_do\nWhat did the phonograph do?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Literature & Language Languages and Cultures English Language Definitions Comparisons The Difference Between What did the phonograph do? Flag What did the phonograph do? Answer by Aritchison Confidence votes 1.0KThe phonograph was a device used to record and replay sounds from a cylinder, or later from a vinyl disc (record). As with the modern versions, the CD and DVD, the record rotated on the player. But the information was merely scratched into the grooves of the surface to create vibrations when a needle rubbed against it. Still, the technique imparted a wide range of audible frequencies that could be repeatedly recreated with varying degrees of fidelity. This technique is known as analog recording (which also applies to using magnetic tape), and cannot duplicate the sounds with the same accuracy as can the digital encoding of CD's.27 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Atoftmoulton 7 Contributions What is a phonograph? Answer . The phonograph was the first device for recording and replaying sound."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1238333#0",
"title": "https://www.thoughtco.com/thomas-edisons-inventions-4057898\nThomas Edison's Greatest Inventions",
"text": "\"Humanities ›History & Culture Thomas Edison's Greatest Inventions How the iconic inventor's ideas shaped America Share Flipboard Email Print FPG/Archive Photos/Getty Imagesby Mary Bellis Updated January 20, 2018The legendary inventor Thomas Edison was the father of landmark inventions, including the phonograph, the modern light bulb, the electrical grid, and motion pictures. Here's a look at a few of his greatest hits. The Phonograph Thomas Edison’s first great invention was the tin foil phonograph. While working to improve the efficiency of a telegraph transmitter, he noticed that the tape of the machine gave off a noise that resembled spoken words when played at a high speed. This led him to wonder if he could record a telephone message. He began experimenting with the diaphragm of a telephone receiver by attaching a needle to it based on the reasoning that the needle could prick paper tape to record a message. His experiments led him to try a stylus on a tinfoil cylinder, which, to his great surprise, played back the short message he recorded, \"\"Mary had a little lamb. \"\" The word phonograph was the trade name for Edison's device, which played cylinders rather than discs. The machine had two needles: one for recording and one for playback. When you spoke into the mouthpiece, the sound vibrations of your voice would be indented onto the cylinder by the recording needle."
},
{
"docid": "D2783711#0",
"title": "http://www.dictionary.com/browse/phonograph\nphonograph",
"text": "\"phonograph [ foh -n uh -graf, -grahf]Spell Syllables Examples Word Origin See more synonyms on Thesaurus.comnoun1. any sound-reproducing machine using records in the form of cylinders or discs. Origin of phonograph Expand1825-18351825-35 in sense “phonogram”; 1877 for the “talking phonograph” invented by T. A. Edison; phono- + -graph Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2018. Cite This Source Examples from the Web for phonograph Expand Contemporary Examples Radio broadcasts, phonograph recordings, and talking films were bringing culture to the masses. Dreaming of Paris Philip Gefter January 28, 2010Historical Examples The phonograph lay under the very eyes of Science, and yet she did not see it. Heroes of the Telegraph J. Munro This is a convenient arrangement in using the phonograph for correspondence or dictation. Heroes of the Telegraph J. Munro Callers can leave a verbal message in the phonograph instead of a note. Heroes of the Telegraph J. Munro Wills and other private deeds may of course be executed by phonograph. Heroes of the Telegraph J. Munro It consists of a tympanum or drum, having a stylus attached as in the phonograph. Heroes of the Telegraph J. Munro The phonograph was more of a surprise; but still it was no exception to the rule."
},
{
"docid": "D347099#0",
"title": "http://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/edison-thomas-0\nThomas Edison",
"text": "\"Thomas Edison BORN: February 11, 1847 • Milan, Ohio DIED: October 18, 1931 • Llewellyn Park, New Jersey Inventor Thomas Edison was one of the most productive inventors in American history. With 1,093 U. S. patents (documents granting rights of ownership and design to a specific person) and more in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany, no other inventor has come close to Edison's output. Edison's accomplishments were not always complete inventions but improvements made on technology already in place. Edison is best remembered as the inventor of the incandescent lightbulb (a lightbulb powered by heat). In addition, he was an intelligent businessman and a successful manufacturer. \"\" It's obvious that we don't know one millionth of one percent about anything. \"\" A restless student Thomas Alva Edison was born to Samuel and Nancy Edison in Milan, Ohio, on February 11, 1847. Young Al, as he was called, was the last of seven children, and he suffered from ill health throughout most of his childhood. As a result, he began school later than most children. Within three months, it became clear that he was not going to find success in a formal classroom setting."
},
{
"docid": "D562560#0",
"title": "https://www.thoughtco.com/thomas-edison-1779841\nThomas Edison",
"text": "\"Humanities ›History & Culture Thomas Edison One of the World's Most Famous Inventors Share Flipboard Email Print American inventor Thomas Alva Edison (circa 1929). ( Photo by Keystone/Getty Images)by Patricia Daniels, Contributing Writer Updated January 18, 2018Thomas Edison was one of history's most influential inventors, whose contributions to the modern era transformed the lives of people the world over. Edison is best known for having invented the electric light bulb, the phonograph, and the first motion-picture camera, and held an astonishing 1,093 patents in total. In addition to his inventions, Edison's famous laboratory in Menlo Park is considered the forerunner of the modern-day research facility. Despite Thomas Edison's incredible productivity, some consider him a controversial figure and have accused him of profiting from the ideas of other inventors. Dates: February 11, 1847 -- October 18, 1931Also Known As: Thomas Alva Edison, \"\"Wizard of Menlo Park\"\"Famous Quote: \"\"Genius is one percent inspiration, and ninety-nine percent perspiration. \"\" Childhood in Ohio and Michigan Thomas Alva Edison, born in Milan, Ohio on February 11, 1847, was the seventh and last child born to Samuel and Nancy Edison. Since three of the youngest children did not survive early childhood, Thomas Alva (known as \"\"Al\"\" as a child and later as “Tom”) grew up with one brother and two sisters. Edison's father, Samuel, had fled to the U. S. in 1837 to avoid arrest after having openly rebelled against British rule in his native Canada. Samuel eventually resettled in Milan, Ohio, where he opened a successful lumber business."
},
{
"docid": "D2077484#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_recording\nSound recording and reproduction",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Sound recording)navigation search\"\"Sound recorder\"\" redirects here. For the audio recording program computer software, see Sound Recorder (Windows). Frances Densmore recording Blackfoot chief Mountain Chief on a cylinder phonograph for the Bureau of American Ethnology (1916)Sound recording and reproduction is an electrical, mechanical, electronic, or digital inscription and re-creation of sound waves, such as spoken voice, singing, instrumental music, or sound effects. The two main classes of sound recording technology are analog recording and digital recording. Acoustic analog recording is achieved by a microphone diaphragm that senses changes in atmospheric pressure caused by acoustic sound waves and records them as a mechanical representation of the sound waves on a medium such as a phonograph record (in which a stylus cuts grooves on a record). In magnetic tape recording, the sound waves vibrate the microphone diaphragm and are converted into a varying electric current, which is then converted to a varying magnetic field by an electromagnet, which makes a representation of the sound as magnetized areas on a plastic tape with a magnetic coating on it. Analog sound reproduction is the reverse process, with a bigger loudspeaker diaphragm causing changes to atmospheric pressure to form acoustic sound waves. Digital recording and reproduction converts the analog sound signal picked up by the microphone to a digital form by the process of sampling. This lets the audio data be stored and transmitted by a wider variety of media. Digital recording stores audio as a series of binary numbers (zeros and ones) representing samples of the amplitude of the audio signal at equal time intervals, at a sample rate high enough to convey all sounds capable of being heard."
},
{
"docid": "D2527129#0",
"title": "http://www.collectiblememorabiliareview.info/nipper-dog/\nNipper Dog",
"text": "\"Welcome to our website. Do not forget to bookmark this page! Here is a review of Nipper Dog. RCA VICTOR NIPPER DOG Logo Heavy Weight T Shirts S 5XL $18.99Antique Victrola Record Cleaner Nipper Dog Model Gramophone Co Unique $10.50Antique Victor Nipper Dog Phonograph His Master Voice Figurine Unique $11.50RCA VICTOR NIPPER DOG DISPLAY VINTAGE $225.00VINTAGE NIPPER THE RCA DOG ADVERTISING DISPLAY 9 TALL Original Box $20.00VINTAGE RCA VICTROLA NIPPER DOG STATUE $75.00vtg RCA victor nipper dog porcelain sign advertisingphonographmasters voice $15.50VINTAGE NIPPER THE RCA DOG ADVERTISING DISPLAY 14 TALL Blow Mold $30.99VINTAGE NIPPER THE RCA DOG ADVERTISING DISPLAY 9 TALL $49.99Vintage Original RCA Victor Dog Nipper Chalkware Statue Jacob Bros Co $19.99Reproduction RCA Victor Nipper Dog Plaster Advertising Display Dog Free Ship $79.99Vintage Victor RCA nipper dog Display statue 14 1 2in Tall READ LOOK WOW $99.99Vintage VICTOR Victrola TALKING MACHINE phonograph PORCELAIN NIPPER DOG DISPLAY $39.99VINTAGE NIPPER DOG RCA Victor Terrier Figurine Miniature His Masters Voice $4.30RCA Victor His Masters Voice Nipper the Dog Metal Tin Sign $13.99Vintage Nipper Dog Green Ears His Masters Voice RCA Victor Display Figure $112.00Victrola Record Nipper Dog Victor Phonograph Celluloid Advertising Pocket Mirror $60.00nipper rca dog victor advertising The History of a famous Trade Mark $4.00Nipper RCA Victor Nipper Dog 11 inches good condition advertising figure $125.00Vintage Large Nipper Dog RCA Victor chalkware plaster phonograph co advertising $440.00NIPPER PLEASE RCA VICTOR DOG Mechanical Music Box Cast Iron Bank Phonograph $56.95Vintage Original RCA VICTOR PHONOGRAPH NIPPER DOG SALT PEPPER SHAKER SET $39.95RCA Victor Victrola 1920 Nipper dog ad figure baseball game store display photo $122.001920s 30s 6 RCA Victor Nipper Dog Flocked Cast Iron Bank Cap Statue Glass Eye $119.99Fenton 1980s RCA Victor Glass Nipper Dog 3 Figurine NOS $70.00RCA VICTOR PHONOGRAPH VICTROLA RADIO NIPPER DOG 14 1 2 TALL SUPER DETAILS $89.00Vintage Large Nipper Dog RCA Victor chalkware plaster phonograph co advertising $595.00Vintage Porcelain NIPPER Dog RCA VICTOR Advertising nicely detailed unusual size $225.00RCA NIPPER DOG 13 From Highest Ear To Floor Old Vintage Record Store Display $149.95Rare Vintage 60s Plastic RCA Victor Nipper Dog Store Advertising Display $349.99Vintage Nipper Victor Advertising Dog Radio Horn Phonograph $49.99Vintage Ceramic RCA Nipper Dog 7 Figurine Scuffs and Repairs NMM $4.99ANTIQUE LARGE PAPER MACHE NIPPER DOG THE EARLY LARGE ONE 38 1 2 TALL $1,995.00Cast Aluminum RCA Victor Nipper Dog Signed Advertising Display 95 Great Detail $149.00Vintage RCA Original Victor Nipper 9 Dog $199.99Nipper Puppy Dog Advertising RCA Victor Phonograph Cast Iron Still Piggy Bank $34.99ORIGINAL RCA VICTOR NIPPER 9 DOG EXTREMELY RARE CREATIVE INC $1,200.00Vintage Cast Iron Coin Bank RCA Victor Phonograph Nipper The Dog RCA Logo $49.97Chalkware VICTOR NIPPER Dog Very Collectible $65.35Vintage RCA Nipper Lot 3 Round Tin Ceramic Dog Phonograph Salt Pepper Shakers $15.00RCA Nipper Dog Folk Art Shelf Art Project 8 Tall Porcelain Dog $169.951911 Victor Talking Machine Phonograph Letter Nipper Dog Super Nice Vignette $42.00ORIGINAL RCA Victor Nipper Dog CAST IRON PHONOGRAPH Coin BANK $99.99RCA Nipper Dog Shelf Art High Fidelity $149.95RCA Victor Nipper The Dog Lot Figurines SP Shakers Tray Magazines Fire King Mug $50.00LOT RCA VICTOR 0 DEFECTS PINS NIPPER DOG EARRINGS HIS MASTERS VOICE $45.00RCA Nipper Dog Statue Watch Video $1,495.00Vintage Cast Iron Door Stop RCA NIPPER DOG PHONOGRAPH $39.95Nipper Victor Edison dog phonograph patina bronze wall plaque 7 x 9 1 2 $65.00Nipper Victor Edison dog phonograph patina bronze wall plaque 4 1 2 x 6 3 4 $32.00Antique RCA Victor Edison Nipper Dog NYC Bloomingdales Record Cleaner $299.95VINTAGE NIPPER Dog RCA VICTOR Advertising 95 Tall CREATIVE INC $149.99VINTAGE NIPPER Dog RCA VICTOR Advertising PHONOGRAPH Salt Pepper Figure Lot $59.99Porcelain Display Figurine His Masters Voice RCA Dog Nipper Victor Phonograp $60.00Large 36 Stuffed RCA Victor Nipper Dog RARE $550.00RCA NIPPER DOG $725.00Vintage RCA Victor NIPPER DOG HUGE 3 FT Plastic Well Cared For $1,688.00Vintage Pair of porcelain RCA Nipper Dogs $120.00Nipper Victor Edison dog ceramic 3 ceramic figurine nos new old stock $15.00Vintage Large RCA NIPPER The DOG ADVERTISING PORCELAIN 9 Tall $71.99RCA Nipper Dog Cast Iron Nipper Dog RCA Dog Cast Iron Collectible Dog Statue Vin $129.00Victor Nipper Dog His Masters Voice Refrigerator Magnet 2 1 4 $3.00Vintage RCA VICTOR PHONOGRAPH Radio NIPPER DOG MUSIC BOX His Masters Voice $69.99HIS MASTERS DOG VICTOR PAMPHLET 1914 ADVERTISING GRAMOPHONE VIC not NIPPER $199.99RCA Nipper Dog and Gramophone Cast Iron Nipper Dog RCA Dog Cast Iron Collectible $98.00RCA Victor Phonograph Nipper Dog Plush Dakin Terrier Dog Jumbo Stuffed Animal $99.93VINTAGE RARE NIPPER RCA DOG PLASTIC FIGURE SALT SHAKER IN ORIGINAL BOX $58.50Vintage His Masters Breath parody RCA Victor Nipper Dog adv small Stoneware Jug $195.00Vtg Nipper RCA Victor Dog 7 Plaster ceramic Statue His Masters Voice $18.42Victor His Masters Voice RCA Nipper Dog Adv Sign General Electric Co $39.99Vintage Nipper Dog RCA Victor Chalkware Figurine Listening to His Masters Voice $85.00Nipper RCA Dog Cast Iron Bank Black Cream 55 In Tall So Cute Look $16.99RCA Nipper Dog 4 inches Cast Iron Nipper Dog RCA Victor Dog $48.00Nipper Victor Edison dog phonograph salt pepper s p ceramic nos old stock $18.00Nipper Victor Edison dog ceramic 2 1 2 ceramic figurine nos new old stock $12.00Nipper Victor Edison dog ceramic 9 huge coin bank phonograph NOS old stock $50.001940s ORIGINAL RCA STUFFED NIPPER DOG by SCHWARTZ TOY MFGCORP $125.00NIPPER RCA DOG STATUE RESIN FIGURE 75 INCHES SHIPS FREE $38.95RCA Victor Nipper Salt Pepper Dogs Not Marked $10.00RCA VICTOR PHONOGRAPH NIPPER DOG SALT PEPPER SHAKERS $25.95Rare Vintage 1980s PLASTIC RCA NIPPER DOG Tempo Sales Brochure and Price Guide $75.00RCA NIPPER DOG Collectible Wall Clock $12.00Nipper Victor Edison dog 6 tall figurine ceramic NOS old stock phonograph $31.00Victor talking Machine Nipper Dogs Two $14.95Nipper Victor Edison Dog Puppy Phonograph Stoneware Ceramic Coffee Mug Cup w Box $8.99Nipper Victor Edison dog ceramic 6 coin bank nos old stock phonograph $20.00Nipper Victor Edison Dog And Phonograph Ceramic Coffee Cup Mug Drink Liquid $13.99VINTAGE LARGE RCA VICTOR NIPPER DOG CAST IRONPHONOGRAPH COIN BANK $59.99Nipper Victor Edison dog and phonograph stoneware ceramic coffee mug cup NOS $10.0061 2 VINTAGE RCA VICTOR NIPPER DOG BANK $40.00Vintage RCA Nipper Lot 3 Platter Tray Ceramic Dog Victor Needle Metal Case Tin $24.99Vintage Reproduction RCA Records NIPPER DOG BOBBLEHEAD Victrola Phonograph Logo $29.95RCA VICTOR NIPPER DOG Logo Heavy Weight Tank Top S 2XL $18.99RCA VICTOR NIPPER DOG LARGE STATUE POSTCARDS THREE 3 FROM 1994 ALBANY NY $2.99RCA VINTAGE NIPPER DOG 135 EXCELLENT CONDITION $125.00VINTAGE 1900 30s RCA VICTOR WITH NIPPER DOG SHOWROOM WINDOW CURTAIN SIGN $325.00RCA Vintage Nipper Dog Excellent Condition Great Studio Mojo Unique $99.99NIPPER DOG Vintage Large 18 RCA Victor Record Store Display General Electric $395.00vintage rca nipper dogs 4in $30.00Vintage Cast Iron RCA Dog Nipper With Phonograph Door Stop Petina 4 Pounds $39.99 [phpzon keywords=\"\"Nipper Dog\"\" num=\"\"10\"\" country=\"\"US\"\" searchindex=\"\"All\"\" trackingid=\"\"mnajra-20\"\" sort=\"\"salesrank\"\" minprice=\"\"0\"\" maxprice=\"\"10000\"\" templatename=\"\"col\"\" columns=\"\"3\"\" paging=\"\"true\"\"]Nipper Dog Frequently Asked Questions...1/4 pomeranian pup 3/4 pug pup info?http://www.freewebs.com/pugandbirdrescueofohio/puppy%202008-%20boy.jpg He will be 9 weeks old when we get him, is there any special things i should be aware of with either breed involved? my firend says since he has alot of pug in him, i will ned to vaseline his nose a few times daily and wipe out his muzzle wrinkles, is this true? and then some one else tolf me he is prolly going to be really fuzzy, but his mom is 100% pug, dad is pom 50% pug 50% mix. he looks like he is goign to be short haired to me. would a harness be better than a collar for the puppy? any other special things that i will need to watch for. i was even told since eh has wrinkles and is black tha ti will need to rub sunscreen on him this summer when we go for walks."
},
{
"docid": "D1830414#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonograph_cylinder\nPhonograph cylinder",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search [ hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages)This article needs additional citations for verification. ( January 2017)This article possibly contains original research. ( January 2017)Edison wax cylinder phonograph c. 1899Phonograph cylinders are the earliest commercial medium for recording and reproducing sound. Commonly known simply as \"\"records\"\" in their era of greatest popularity (c. 1896–1915), these hollow cylindrical objects have an audio recording engraved on the outside surface, which can be reproduced when they are played on a mechanical cylinder phonograph. [ 1] In the 1910s, the competing disc record system triumphed in the marketplace to become the dominant commercial audio medium. [ 2]Contents [ hide ]1 Early development2 Commercial packaging3 Hard plastic cylinders4 Disc records5 Advantages of cylinders6 Advantages of discs7 Decline8 Later applications9 Preservation of cylinder recordings10 Gallery11 See also12 References13 External links Early development [ edit]Two Edison cylinder records (left and right) and their cylindrical cardboard boxes (center)Brown wax cylinders showing various shades (and mold damage)Paper record slip from 1903 cylinder Back side of 1903 record slip Portion of the label from the outside of a Columbia cylinder box, before 1901. Note that the title is hand-written. Edison Gold Moulded record made of relatively hard black wax, ca."
},
{
"docid": "D3531656#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_did_Edison_invent_the_electric_vote_recorder\nWhen did Edison invent the electric vote recorder?",
"text": "Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society Society and Civilization Famous People Scientists Thomas Edison When did Edison invent the electric vote recorder? Flag When did Edison invent the electric vote recorder? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. He invented it in the year 1869. The people, instead of heralding it, criticized his invention severley due to which it was rejected. But still he wasn't dissappointed and did not lose hope but decided that he will not waste his time on inventing things no one wanted! What an attitude!! ! 4 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Did Thomas Edison invent electricity? Thomas Edison did not invent electricity."
},
{
"docid": "D919864#0",
"title": "http://edison.rutgers.edu/tinfoilphono.htm\nEdison and Innovation Series - Tinfoil Phonograph",
"text": "\"Edison and Innovation Series - Tinfoil Phonograph THE TINFOIL PHONOGRAPHInventing Sound Recording Inventing the Wizard of Menlo Park The Response to the Phonograph Marketing the Phonograph The phonograph was a marvel that amazed everyone! It was utterly simple and scientists as well as the public were fascinated. It is this invention that gave Edison his nickname \"\"The Wizard of Menlo Park. \"\" Inventing Sound Recording On July 17, 1877, Edison was thinking about recording telephone messages. Edison was thinking of the telephone as a \"\" speaking telegraph .\"\" He therefore envisioned using a recorder similar to the embossing recorder-repeater he was developing for Western Union. Still reflecting on this idea the following day, after a seriesof telephone experiments, he tried \"\"a diaphragm having an embossing point & held against paraffin paper moving rapidly.\"\" Finding that the sound \"\"vibrations are indented nicely\"\" he concluded \"\"theres no doubt that I shall be able to store up & reproduce automatically at any future time the human voice perfectly. \"\" Though Edison put aside this extraordinary idea in order to push ahead on his telephone, he returned to it time and again over the next six months. In early August, at the end of a letter to Edison describing a telephone exhibit, Edward Johnson remarked that he had astounded his audience by describing what Edison \"\"proposed to do in the way of recording speech.\"\""
},
{
"docid": "D1662879#0",
"title": "http://www.ducksters.com/biography/thomas_edison.php\nBiography",
"text": "\"Advertisement Biography Thomas Edison Thomas Edison by Louis Bachrach Biographies >> Inventors and Scientists Occupation: Businessman and Inventor Born: February 11, 1847 in Milan, Ohio Died: October 18, 1931 in West Orange, New Jersey Best known for: Inventing many useful items including the phonograph and a practical light bulb Biography: Thomas Edison may be the greatest inventor in history. He has over 1000 patents in his name. Many of his inventions still have a major affect on our lives today. He was also a business entrepreneur. Many of his inventions were group efforts in his large invention laboratory where he had many people working for him to help develop, build, and test his inventions. He also started many companies including General Electric, which is one of the biggest corporations in the world today. Where did Edison grow up? Thomas Edison was born in Milan, Ohio on February 11, 1847. His family soon moved to Port Huron, Michigan where he spent most of his childhood. Surprisingly, he did not do well in school and ended up being home schooled by his mother."
},
{
"docid": "D2165250#0",
"title": "http://www.usdreams.com/Edison16.html\nIt's OK to Fail - Thomas Edison",
"text": "\"It's OK to Fail - Thomas Edison Thomas Edison is best known for inventing the electric light bulb. Edison is also credited for improving the telegraph, the telephone, inventing the first phonograph, the first movie camera, and a precursor to today's photocopy machine. Edison had a knack for envisioning what people needed long before they did, particularly when it came to telecommunications. He was also a brilliant businessman. Edison is one of the most notable inventors of the 19 th and 20 th centuries. Thomas Alva Edison was born on February 11, 1847. Edison showed his brilliance at an early age. Edison only spent three months in public school before he was homeschooled by his mother. Edison's mind wandered in class, and his teacher called him \"\"addled.\"\" Arguably, Edison was not \"\"mentally confused,\"\" but bored."
},
{
"docid": "D1519656#0",
"title": "http://oberlinsmith.org/Magrecord/mag-record.html\nOberlin Smith and the Invention of Magnetic Recording",
"text": "\"Oberlin Smith and the Invention of Magnetic Recording Philadelphia Inquirer, Thursday, Dec 29, 1988. If it weren't for Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell, we'd all be watching television in the dark with no way to order out for pizza. But imagine life if we hadn't had Oberlin Smith. Before you say \"\"Oberwho what?\"\" imagine a world in which there are no VCRs, no tape decks, no answering machines, no floppy disks for the home computer. Smith, a turn-of-the-century industrialist and mechanical wizard from Bridgeton, N. J., invented magnetic recording 100 years ago - yet his name is hardly a household word. Less than a year after Edison showed him his recently invented phonograph, Smith conceived the process that makes possible video and sound tape recording and the recording of information on computer disks. But it is only on the centennial of his invention that due credit and limelight are beginning to come his way. Thomas Edison 1878Smith was a tinkerer and a fiddler – he couldn't look at a gadget without trying to improve it, and he patented more than 70 of his inventions. The majority involved machines sold or used by the Ferracute Machine Co., a firm he founded in Bridgeton in 1873 that produced industrial metal presses."
},
{
"docid": "D2854560#0",
"title": "http://www.45-rpm.org.uk/history.html\n.",
"text": "\"A History of the Gramophone Record The first records were on cylinders, the earliest of which were made by the inventor of the first 'Phonograph', Thomas Alva Edison in 1877. Attempts had been made of 'recording' sound much earlier than this, but none were capable of reproducing the human voice. By 1887, another American, Emile Berliner (a German immigrant to the U. S.) filed a patent for a recording system based on a flat disc instead of a cylinder. This was a very significant development because the new discs were much easier to mass produce than the cylinders that they replaced. This was important in making the technology available to a wide market. By the turn of the century the industry had begun to settle on a diameter of 10 inches for the new format. The rotational speed varied somewhat from one manufacturer to another, but most turned at between 75 and 80 revolutions per minute and most 'Gramophone' machines were capable of some adjustment. The name 'Gramophone' began as a Trademark for Berliner's new invention, but Europeans adopted it as generic while Americans continued to use the term 'Phonograph'. One popular theory for the choice of 78 rpm is arrived at from calculations based on the rotational speed of synchronous electric motors and achievable gear ratios. This is neither technically sound nor supported by historic evidence."
},
{
"docid": "D731299#0",
"title": "http://www.biography.com/people/thomas-edison-9284349\nThomas Edison Biography.com",
"text": "\"Quick Facts Name Thomas Edison Occupation Inventor Birth Date February 11, 1847Death Date October 18, 1931Did You Know? Thomas Edison was considered too difficult as a child so his mother homeschooled him. Did You Know? Edison became the first to project a motion picture in 1896, at Koster & Bial's Music Hall in New York City. Did You Know? Edison had a bitter rivalry with Nikola Tesla. Did You Know? During his lifetime, Edison received 1,093 U. S. patents. Education The Cooper Union Place of Birth Milan, Ohio Place of Death West Orange, New Jersey Cite This Page IN THESE GROUPSCaptains of Industry Famous Inventors Famous People Who Made Scientific Discoveries Famous People Named Thomas Show All Groupsquotes“Opportunity is missed by most people because it is dressed in overalls and looks like work. ”—Thomas Edison Thomas Edison Biography.com Inventor (1847–1931)2.4KSHARESInventor Thomas Edison created such great innovations as the practical incandescent electric light bulb and the phonograph."
},
{
"docid": "D947119#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramophone_record\nPhonograph record",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Gramophone record)navigation search For the magazine, see Phonograph Record (magazine). A typical 12-inch LP vinyl record.78 rpm video Video of a 1936 spring-motor-driven 78 rpm acoustic (non-electronic) gramophone playing a shellac record. Problems playing this file? See media help. A phonograph record (also known as a gramophone record, especially in British English, or record) is an analog sound storage medium in the form of a flat disc with an inscribed, modulated spiral groove. The groove usually starts near the periphery and ends near the center of the disc. At first, the discs were commonly made from shellac; starting in the 1950s polyvinyl chloride became common. In recent decades, records have sometimes been called vinyl records, or simply vinyl, although this would exclude most records made until after World War II. The phonograph disc record was the primary medium used for music reproduction until late in the 20th century. It had co-existed with the phonograph cylinder from the late 1880s and had effectively superseded it by around 1912."
},
{
"docid": "D2894714#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/His_Master%27s_Voice\nHis Master's Voice",
"text": "\"For other uses, see His Master's Voice (disambiguation). For the entertainment retailer, see HMV. His Master's Voice Parent company EMI (British Commonwealth except Canada) RCA (western hemisphere) JVC (Japan)Founded 1908Status Limited usage Genre Various Country of origin United Kingdom His Master's Voice ( HMV) is a famous trademark in the recording industry and was the unofficial name of a major British record label. The phrase was coined in the 1890s as the title of a painting of a terrier mix dog named Nipper, listening to a wind-up disc gramophone. In the original painting, the dog was listening to a cylinder phonograph. In the 1970s, the statue of the dog and gramophone, His Master's Voice, were cloaked in bronze and was awarded by the record company (EMI) to artists or music producers or composers as a music award and often only after selling more than 100,000 recordings. Contents [ hide ]1 The painting2 The logo3 Nipper worldwide4 HMV5 Further reading6 See also7 References8 External links The painting [ edit]The trademark image comes from a painting by English artist Francis Barraud and titled His Master's Voice. It was acquired from the artist in 1899 by the newly formed Gramophone Company and adopted as a trademark by the Gramophone Company's United States affiliate, the Victor Talking Machine Company. [ 1] According to contemporary Gramophone Company publicity material, the dog, a terrier named Nipper, had originally belonged to Barraud's brother, Mark. When Mark Barraud died, Francis inherited Nipper, with a cylinder phonograph and recordings of Mark's voice."
},
{
"docid": "D1524859#0",
"title": "http://www.starrgennett.org/starr-piano-and-gennett-records/\nSTARR PIANO AND GENNETT RECORDS",
"text": "STARR PIANO AND GENNETT RECORDSThe Starr Piano Company story begins in Richmond in 1872 when two business leaders, including James Starr, partnered with Alsatian piano craftsman George Trayser to open a small piano factory downtown. By the mid-1880s, the growing factory operated in the gorge of the Whitewater River under the “Starr” name. In 1893, three Southern investors, including Henry Gennett of Nashville, Tennessee, acquired control of the company. At the turn of the century, the Gennett family assumed full ownership of Starr Piano. By then, the Starr factory in the gorge of the Whitewater River had become one of the largest in the world devoted to the production of pianos. That it made room for quality as well as quantity is evident in the top honors the company’s top models took at national and international expositions. But even before the United States entered World War I in 1917, the phonograph had begun to displace the parlor piano as the primary “home entertainment center.” When key phonograph technology patents expired in 1916, Starr took advantage of its mechanical and woodworking facilities to add phonographs and phonograph records to its product line. At first, all or most recordings were made in talent-rich New York City, sent to Richmond for duplication, and distributed from there with a Starr label. But because other piano and phonograph companies were reluctant to sell in their own stores records bearing the name of a competitor, Starr soon changed its label to Gennett, for Henry Gennett, by then the company’s president."
},
{
"docid": "D1094931#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turntable\nPhonograph",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Turntable)navigation search\"\"Turntable\"\" redirects here. For its use as a musical instrument, see Turntablism. For other uses, see Turntable (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Phonogram (disambiguation). Thomas Edison with his second phonograph, photographed by Mathew Brady in Washington, April 1878Edison wax cylinder phonograph, circa 1899Close up of the mechanism of an Edison Amberola, circa 1915A late 20th-century turntable and record The phonograph is a device for the mechanical recording and reproduction of sound. In its later forms, it is also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name in the UK since 1910), or, since the 1940s, a record player. The sound vibration waveforms are recorded as corresponding physical deviations of a spiral groove engraved, etched, incised, or impressed into the surface of a rotating cylinder or disc, called a \"\"record\"\" or \"\"vinyl\"\". To recreate the sound, the surface is similarly rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is therefore vibrated by it, very faintly reproducing the recorded sound. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves which were coupled to the open air through a flaring horn, or directly to the listener's ears through stethoscope -type earphones. The phonograph was invented in 1877 by Thomas Edison. ["
},
{
"docid": "D3278402#0",
"title": "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090808045443AAOmUNs\nHow many inventions did Thomas Edison steal?",
"text": "\"Arts & Humanities History How many inventions did Thomas Edison steal? I know he took the credit for the light bulb when it wasn't his invention. Are there any others? I'm just curious. It isn't for a test. Cheers Update: Vegas Jimmy - It is a well known fact that the lightbulb is a British Invention, whether you like it or not. I have never stolen anything in my life. I would never take the credit for someone elses work either.4 following 13 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: December 29th, 2008 9 Inventions Edison Did Not Make \"\"Keep on the lookout for novel ideas that others have used successfully. Your idea has to be original only in its adaptation to the problem you’re working on.\"\" - Thomas Edison."
},
{
"docid": "D3227954#0",
"title": "http://www.precinemahistory.net/1870.htm\n.",
"text": "\"1870 ÉTIENNE-JULES MAREY - (1830 - 1904)Marey begins his initial studies into the possibility of analyzing the motion of birds in flight. His work was advanced by the photographic world’s ongoing efforts to increase photoplate (surfaces) sensibility. In contrast to the work of Muybridge who will photograph successive views of animals and humans that pass before a stationary camera, Marey will take his series of exposures on one plate, with one lens. E. J. Marey1870 HENRY RENNO HEYL ( - )Heyl gives us the Phasmatrope, which combines persistence of vision and posed photographs to produce an illusion of motion. It was styled from a magic lantern in terms of projection mimickery. An entirely synthetic illusion was the result of the Phasmatrope. Some have given Heyl the rights to claim the first to project photographic motion pictures, as an early promotional poster [ written from a letter by Heyl himself ] claims of the Heyl Phasmatrope. Published in the Popular Science Monthly of July 1898 by Appleton;“Among the earliest public exhibitions of photographs taken from living subjects in motion projected by the lantern upon a screen was that given at an entertainment held in the Academy of Music in Philadelphia, on the evening of February 5, 1870, and a repetition of the exhibition was made before the Franklin Institute at its next following monthly meeting, on March 16th, by the writer [Heyl]. The printed programme of this event contains the following allusion to this feature of the entertainment:\"\"This is a recent invention, designed to give various objects and figures upon the screen the most graceful and lifelike movements. The effects are similar to those produced in the familiar toy called the Zoetrope, where men are seen walking, running, and performing various feats in most perfect imitation of real life. This instrument is destined to become a most valuable auxiliary to the appliances for illustration, and we have the pleasure of having the first opportunity of presenting its merits to an audience."
}
] |
620302
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what did the pope do to napoleon
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[
{
"docid": "D1144661#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_and_the_Catholic_Church\nNapoleon and the Catholic Church",
"text": "\"Napoleon and the Catholic Church From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( November 2014) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Pius VII with Cardinal Caprara, papal legate to France. Study for The Coronation of Napoleon, painting by David. The relationship between Napoleon and the Catholic Church was an important aspect of his rule. Contents [ hide ]1 Attack on Pius VI2 Peace of Lunéville3 Concordat of 18014 Relations with Pius VII5 Imperial coronation6 Influence of Cardinal Fesch7 Role of the Archbishop of Paris8 Papal states9 Excommunication10 Papal confinement11 Congress of Vienna12 Reconciliation with the Church13 References Attack on Pius VI [ edit]Pope Pius VI by Pompeo Batoni, 1775In 1796, French Republican troops under the command of Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Italy, defeated the papal troops and occupied Ancona and Loreto. Pope Pius VI sued for peace, which was granted at Tolentino on February 19, 1797; but on December 28 of that year, in a riot blamed by papal forces on some Italian and French revolutionists, the popular brigadier-general Mathurin-Léonard Duphot, who had gone to Rome with Joseph Bonaparte as part of the French embassy, was killed and a new pretext was furnished for invasion. General Berthier marched to Rome, entered it unopposed on February 10, 1798, and, proclaiming a Roman Republic, demanded of the Pope the renunciation of his temporal power. Upon his refusal he was taken prisoner, and on February 20 was escorted from the Vatican to Siena, and thence to the Certosa near Florence."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D2235726#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/14781078/chapter-23-review-the-french-revolution-and-napoleon-flash-cards/\nChapter 23 Review (The French Revolution and Napoleon)",
"text": "\"42 terms omaristhebest PLUSChapter 23 Review (The French Revolution and Napoleon)Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort What is the 1st Estate? O.5% , higher clergy (bishops,abbots, and nobles), lower clergy (priests)What is the 2nd Estate? 1.5% highly privileged, top government officials What is the 3rd Estate? 98% Bourgeoisie (middle class) peasants, urban workers, embraced enlightenment ideas; made up the majority of people executed in the Reign of Terror Who was the Ruler of France during reign of terror and sentenced anyone to death? Maximilien Robespierre Who was the British Naval Officer; defeated Napoleon in Battle of Trafalgar? Horatio Nelson Who was an Important leader Congress of Vienna; Prince of Austria? Klemens von Metternich What were Napoleon's Accomplishments? Stopped Corruption in France, (lycées)public schools, (Napoleonic Code)comprehensive system of laws, (Concordat)treaty with the Catholic Church What is the Declaration of Rights of Man?"
},
{
"docid": "D1466515#0",
"title": "http://constructionlitmag.com/culture/bright-spot-dark-ages-how-charlemagne-almost-saved-western-civilization/\nA Bright Spot in the Dark Ages: How Charlemagne Almost Saved Western Civilization",
"text": "\"A Bright Spot in the Dark Ages: How Charlemagne Almost Saved Western Civilization Photograph via Wikipedia [quote]Charles, most serene Augustus crowned by God, the great, peaceful emperor ruling the Roman empire.—Official title of Charlemagne from 800 to 814 [/quote]S ometime in the fifth century C. E., Western civilization went dark. With the fall of the Western Roman Empire, roads crumbled, trade stopped, schools closed, literacy dwindled, aqueducts collapsed, and voracious barbarians feasted on Rome’s cold corpse. The Dark Ages, comprising about the first half of the Middle Ages, would last over 500 years. But there was a bright spot. A few centuries into the Dark Ages, the Franks, one of the barbaric tribes that carved up the West, gave us a leader who reconstructed much of what was lost. He didn’t just reassemble Rome’s land; he reassembled its culture. His name was Charlemagne, King of the Franks, Emperor of the Romans, and the Grandfather of Europe. C harlemagne was the greatest king of the Middle Ages. It’s fair to ask, however, if “greatest ______ of the Middle Ages” means much of anything. After all, aren’t the Middle Ages rather unimpressive?"
},
{
"docid": "D1823560#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_I\nNapoleon",
"text": "\"Napoleon From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Napoleon I)navigation search This article is about Napoleon I. For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). \"\" Napoleon Bonaparte\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Napoleon Bonaparte (disambiguation). Napoleon His Imperial and Royal Majesty [show]The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries (by Jacques-Louis David, 1812)Emperor of the French Reign 18 May 1804 – 6 April 1814Coronation 2 December 1804 Notre-Dame Cathedral Predecessor Himself (as First Consul)Successor Louis XVIII ( Bourbon Restoration)Reign 20 March 1815 – 22 June 1815Predecessor Louis XVIIISuccessor Louis XVIII ( Bourbon Restoration)Napoleon III ( Second Empire)King of Italy Reign 17 March 1805 – 11 April 1814Coronation 26 May 1805 Milan Cathedral Predecessor Himself (as President)Successor Victor Emmanuel II (1861)Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine Reign 12 July 1806 – 19 October 1813Predecessor Francis II & I (as Holy Roman Emperor)Successor Francis II & I (as President of the German Confederation)More... Born 15 August 1769 Ajaccio, Corsica, Kingdom of France Died 5 May 1821 (aged 51) Longwood, Saint Helena, United Kingdom Burial Les Invalides, Paris, France Spouse Joséphine de Beauharnais ( m. 1796; div. 1810)Marie Louise of Austria ( m. 1810)Issue Detail Napoleon IIFull name Napoléon Bonaparte House Bonaparte Father Carlo Buonaparte Mother Letizia Ramolino Religion see religion section Signature Imperial coat of arms Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars. As Napoleon, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814, and again briefly in 1815 during the Hundred Days. Napoleon dominated European and global affairs for more than a decade while leading France against a series of coalitions in the Napoleonic Wars. He won most of these wars and the vast majority of his battles, building a large empire that ruled over continental Europe before its final collapse in 1815. He is considered one of the greatest commanders in history, and his wars and campaigns are studied at military schools worldwide. Napoleon's political and cultural legacy has endured as one of the most celebrated and controversial leaders in human history. ["
},
{
"docid": "D2030338#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/18771330/french-revolution-and-napoleon-flash-cards/\nFrench Revolution and Napoleon",
"text": "\"97 terms chewbakka646French Revolution and Napoleon Prentice Hall WORLD HISTORY: Connections to Today (Chapter 6)Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Sort Louis XVI King of France from 1774 to 1792. He was weak and indecisive. His failure to grant reforms led to the outbreak of the French Revolution and ultimately his demise when he was beheaded after being put on trial for treason. Jacques Necker Financial expert of Louis XVI, he advised Louis to reduce court spending, reform his government, abolish tariffs on internal trade, but the First and Second Estates got him fired when he suggested they pay taxes. Bourgeoisie Educated, middle class of France; provided force behind the Revolution. Cahiers List of grievances drawn up by delegates going to the meeting of the estates general National Assembly Delegates of the Third Estate at the Estates General who bonded together to draw up a constitution for France. Storming of the Bastille The BEGINNING of the French Revolution. People saw it as a blow to tyranny, a step towards freedom. July 14, 1789 Bastille Day (French Independence Day)ancien regime The old, unfair social structure in France First Estate Made up of the clergy, constituted for less than 1% of the French population, but owned over 10% of land in the country. Not required to pay any taxes."
},
{
"docid": "D441203#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/12085628/spread-of-revolutions-in-europe-flash-cards/\nSpread of Revolutions in Europe",
"text": "\"61 terms monkeygirlrocks96Spread of Revolutions in Europe Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Universal Manhood Suffrage giving all adult men the right to vote Autonomy self- rule with in the Ottoman Empire Ultraroyalists nobels favoring a return to old order Recession A period of reduced economy activity Ideology systems of thought and belief Charter of French Liberties Louie XVIII restored to throne and created this - 2-house legislator - moderates press Nation-state (or nation) a region or country that shares a similar culture, language and/or government Nationalism Having pride and a since of belonging to a particular culture, language and or government Constitutional Monarch a ruler whose power is limited by law, shares power with Parliament July Ordinances edicts that Charles X issued; demolished the Charter, censored the press, reduced the electorate New Government: July ordinances - Suspends legislature - Limits the right to vote - Restricts press Les Trois Glorieuses the three glories days the revolt that made charles step doen from power Malaise A general felling of discomfort, a bad condition, like an illness Plebiscite vote of the people Coup d'etat a quick seize of power Conservatives and goles supporters of absolut power The goals of the conservative leaders were to regain the principle of legitimacy and restore social hierarchy. Liberals and goals supporters of the enlightenment Enlightenment ideas • Natural rights • Freedom of speech/ press/ religion • Fair and equal trial • Separation of power • ect.nationalist and goals Love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it The goals of nationalist was to unify people with a common national heritage How did the political goals of liberals differ from those of conservatives? Liberals wanted governments to be based on written constitutions and separation of powers, and Conservative ideas wanted to preserve traditional ways. Nationalists People who shared a common heritage set out to win their own states How did liberalism and nationalism challenge the old order? • the liberals and nationals ideas classed with conservatives, so groups of people brock off and and war brock off What could be done to bring people together in a nation? • Common language • Common territory • Common interest • Common belief • Compromise between people Johann Gottlieb Fichte True natural bounty, such as a common language, territory, interest, beliefs, and they need compromises between people. They will bind people together before the physical boarders of the nation. If the people of a different nation mingle with one another, it will create confutation and violence to stop the growth of a nation."
},
{
"docid": "D539605#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/78652519/the-french-revolution-flash-cards/\nThe French Revolution",
"text": "\"170 terms TRelucio The French Revolution Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Louis XVI Marie Antoinette monarchs of beginning of Revolution Louis XVI well-meaning, weak, indecisive ruler; summoned Estates-General; married to Marie Antoinette; indulges in luxurious life; hosts lavish parties Marie Antoinette was Austrian princess; concerned with fashion; unpopular; queen of France; married to Louis XVIlived lavishly in Palace of Versailles no taxes rule through Divine Right money power privileges of the monarchymanaging tariffs on internal trade Louis XIV built Palace of Versailles bankrupt in debt: Versailles, 7 years war, American revolution deficit poor harvest burdens of the monarchy Versailles 7 Years War American Revolution France is indebted due to thesedeficit has more debt than money1st Estate: clergy 2nd Estate: aristocracy/nobility 3rd Estate: Bourgeoisie, rural peasants, urban workers Estates/social classesthe clergy (bishops, abbots, priests, nuns, monks) the First Estate (social class)enormous wealth owned about 10% of the land (land = money and power) collected tithes paid no direct taxes to the stateterm-12 privileges of the First Estatetithes money to the Churchtargeted for reforms criticized by philosophes for idleness, interference in politics, intolerance of dissent, and for not paying taxes burdens of the First Estateidleness, interference in politics, intolerance of dissent, and for not paying taxes philosophes' criticisms towards First Estate Catholic religion of Francephilosophes criticized First Estatearistocracy, nobility/nobles the Second Estateknights defended land top jobs in government, army, courts, and Church owned land (=money and power) freedom from paying taxes privileges of the Second Estatemany lived far from the center of power received little financial income (only had large income if they sold land) have to maintain social status in a period of rising prices fearing losing privileges many nobles hated Absolutism burdens of the Second Estate Bourgeoisie rural peasants urban workers the Third Estatethe Third Estate vast majority of population; most diverse social class Bourgeoisie middle class; prosperous bankers, merchants, manufacturers, lawyers, doctors, journalists, and professorsrural peasants the bulk of 3rd Estate; prosperous landowners who hired laborers to work for them; tenant farmers, day laborers; worked in countrysideurban workers poorest of the 3rd Estate; apprentices, journeymen, servants, construction workers, street sellers, beggars, criminals, others who worked in industries (e.g. printing, cloth making); worked in citywealthy Bourgeois families could buy political office and titles (can become nobles) Bourgeoisie had money technically free privileges of Third Estateurban workers: earned miserable wages paid taxes on everything owed fees and services (e.g. corvée) minus Bourgeoisie burdens of the Third Estate Estates General (May 1789 in Versailles) consists of representatives from each estate (1st, 2nd, and Bourgeoisie); acts as advising body to king; not called since 175 years priorto help solve financial crisis (Louis XVI believes he can convince first 2 estates to start paying taxes while first 2 estates want to convince Louis XVI to protect their privileges) reason for Louis XVI calling the Estates Generalcahiers notebooks listing grievances and demands for reform; prepared by all 3 estates Bourgeoisie representatives of 3rd Estate in Estates General; familiar with philosophes' writings; demand voting reformseach estate got 1 vote but 3rd estate wants each representative to get a vote; weeks of stalemate situation with Estates Generalstalemate nothing happens, nothing progresses; occurred during Estates General when 3rd estate kept getting outvoted National Assembly declared themselves to replace Estates General; delegates of 3rd Estate who claimed to represent people of France; began discussing enlightened reforms but still needed the king's approval, who didn't want to agree because it took away his powerlocked the National Assembly's meeting room what Louis XVI did to prevent the National Assembly from meeting National Assembly took away his power why Louis XVI wanted to restore the Estates Generaltennis court to where the National Assembly moved their meetings because Louis XVI locked their meeting room Tennis Court Oath (June 1789) oath that swore to never separate and to meet until they established a Constitution like Britain; reform minded members of the 1st and 2nd Estates Government made up by people If government failed to fulfill obligations to citizens, then citizens had a right to overthrow government and rebel Enlightened ideas members were trying to implement in France Bastille medieval fortress/prison; symbol of torture; believed to hold weapons and gunpowder; stormed for this reasonstorming of Bastille July 14, 1789; rumors spreading that the king will send troops to occupy the capital (Paris and Versailles)/to get the area under control; more than 800 Parisians assemble outside of this prison; demand gunpowder and weapons they believe to be there; commander refuses and has guards fire onto the crowd so they'll leave; crowd breaks through defenses; kills commander and parades disembodied head on pike; release prisoners but find no weapons; becomes symbol for Revolution, but also violencerevolution and violence Bastille symbolizes...rumors spread that the king will send troops to occupy the capital (Paris and Verailles) to get the area under control why did Parisians storm Bastille for weapons in the first place?more than 800 Parisians number of Parisians gathered outside Bastillegunpowder and weapons Parisians believed these were in Bastillefactions dissenting groups of people who competed for power Royalists faction: conservative; wants things to remain the same with government; supports Absolute Monarchy of Louis XVIModerates faction: supports a reformed, limited Constitutional Monarchy (mostly Bourgeoisie)Radicals faction: wants extreme change; wants to end monarchy and set up a Republicfamine, price of grain increasing, not enough food b/c prices are rising, roaming unemployed who still have to pay taxes situation in countrysidethat the government/Louis XVI is sending troops to take crops from the peasants what rumors caused the Great Fearviolently; some peasants set fires to nobles/ manors; in some cases, attacked nobles; in some cases, stole grain from storeouses how does the Great Fear in the Countryside end?the Paris Commune radical group; replaced Royal Government of city; mobilized mobs to protest violently; start radical newspapers and clubs; spread scandalous stories about the monarchyreplaced royal government of the city mobilized mobs to protest violently start radical newspapers and clubs spread scandalous stories about the monarchy what the Paris Commune didinfluenced people to act radically and incited violence upon the nobles and ultimately the monarchy role of unhappiness, rumors, and fear in Revolutionary France Pursuit of Equality Popular Sovereignty: Power to the People The National Assembly Actsfeudalism the National Assembly abolishes this in August 1789national assembly abolishes feudalism (National Assembly Acts) pursuit of equality: nobles in national assembly agree to give up privileges including exemption from taxesdeclaration of the rights of man and citizen (August 1789) liberty, equality, fraternityall men born and remain equal in rights including liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression government exists to protect people freedom of religion (does not include Islam, includes Christianity and Judaism) taxes paid based on ability to pay rights did not extend to women all of those reforms are rejected by Louis XVI declaration of the rights of manliberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression declaration of the rights of man: all men born and remain equal in rights including theseto protect people declaration of the rights of man: why government existsincludes Christianity and Judaism, does not include Islam declaration of the rights of man: freedom of religionability to pay declaration of the rights of man: taxes paid based on what Olympe de Gouges wrote Declaration of the Rights of Women and Citizen; ignoredwomen declaration of the rights of man did not extend to which group?rejected declaration of the rights of man: Louis XVI's reaction to all of these reformstakes away his power why Louis XVI rejects Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen Civil Constitution of Clergyterm-71 put French Catholic Church under state control (French government) bishops and priests now elected officials pope no longer has no authority over French Church many convents and monasteries dissolved pope condemns act; many French clergy and peasants refuse to obey Civil Constitution of Clergy Constitution of 1791 constitutions created by the National Assemblyelected officials the Civil Constitution of Clergy made bishops and priests thisno authority does pope have authority over French Church after the Civil Constitution of Clergymany convents and monasteries dissolved what happened to convents and monasteries because of the Civil Constitution of Clergypope condemns act; many French clergy and peasants refuse to obey reaction to Civil Constitution of Clergy Constitution of 1791 forced Louis XVI to sign it; created limited Constitutional Monarchy; Louis XVI has to share power with Legislative Assembly - has power to make laws, collects taxes, and declare war; to moderates this is the end of the French Revolutionlimited Constitutional Monarchy Constitution of 1791 created this type of government; the king has to share his power with the Legislative Assemblymake laws, collect taxes, and declare war what can the Legislative Assembly do because of the Constituti"
},
{
"docid": "D2063279#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_III_of_France\nNapoleon III",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Napoleon III of France)navigation search Not to be confused with Napoleon. \"\" Louis Napoleon\"\" redirects here. For other uses, see Louis Napoleon (disambiguation). Napoleon IIIEmperor of the French Reign 2 December 1852 – 4 September 1870Predecessor Monarchy restored Louis Philippe Ias King of the French Successor Monarchy abolished Louis Jules Trochuas President of the Government of National Defense Cabinet Chiefs See list [show]President of France In office 20 December 1848 – 2 December 1852Predecessor Position restored Louis-Eugène Cavaignacas Chief of the Executive Power Successor Himself (as Emperor of the French)Prime Ministers See list [show]Born Charles-Louis Napoleon Bonaparte 20 April 1808 Paris, French Empire Died 9 January 1873 (aged 64) Chislehurst, Kent, England, United Kingdom Burial St Michael's Abbey, Farnborough, Hampshire, England, United Kingdom Spouse Eugénie de Montijo Issue Louis Napoléon, Prince Imperial Full name Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte House Bonaparte Father Louis I of Holland Mother Hortense de Beauharnais Religion Catholicism Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (born Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 1808 – 9 January 1873) was the President of France from 1848 to 1852 and, as Napoleon III, the Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870. He was the only president of the French Second Republic and the head of the Second French Empire. The nephew and heir of Napoleon I, he was the first Head of State of France to hold the title of President, the first elected by a direct popular vote, and the youngest until the election of Emmanuel Macron in 2017. Barred by the Constitution and Parliament from running for a second term, he organized a self- coup d'état in 1851 and then took the throne as Napoleon III on 2 December 1852, the forty-eighth anniversary of his uncle's coronation. He remains the longest-serving French head of state since the French Revolution. His downfall was brought about by the Franco-Prussian war in which France was quickly and decisively defeated by the North German Confederation, led by Prussia. During the first years of the Empire, Napoleon's government imposed censorship and harsh repressive measures against his opponents."
},
{
"docid": "D2074694#0",
"title": "http://www.unitypublishing.com/Newsletter/HeartOfMary4.html\n.",
"text": "\"WHAT IS THE TRIUMPH OF THE IMMACULATE HEART? A FOUR PART REPORT FROM FATIMANEWSLETTER ONE - DEVOTION AND REPARATION TO THE IMMACULATE HEARTNEWSLETTER TWO = STAY LONGER TO SPREAD DEVOTION TO MY IMMACULATE HEARTNEWSLETTER THREE = PORTUGAL WILL NEVER LOOSE THE FAITHNEWSLETTER FOUR = IN THE END MY IMMACULATE HEART WILL TRIUMPHNEWSLETTER FOURIN THE END MY IMMACULATE HEART WILL TRIUMPHIn the end My Immaculate Heart will triumph. Triumph over what? How? In order to understand the answer we have looked into the history of the devotion and the meaning of Immaculate Heart. We have looked at the evolution of apparitions of the Sacred Heart, The Immaculate Heart and the two Hearts. We have read the plea of Jacinta to Lucia and the world for this devotion and how Our Lady wants it. We have seen the problem in Portugal and the world and how her prophecies all came to pass. Or have they all come to pass? One prophecy, without conditions, may not have come to pass yet."
},
{
"docid": "D645624#0",
"title": "http://www.historytoday.com/gemma-betros/french-revolution-and-catholic-church\nThe French Revolution and the Catholic Church",
"text": "The French Revolution and the Catholic Church Gemma Betros examines the problems the Revolution posed for religion, and that religion posed for the Revolution. Gemma Betros | Published in History Review Issue 68 December 2010In this caricature, monks and nuns enjoy their new freedom after the decree of 16 February 1790 In 1789, the year of the outbreak of the French Revolution, Catholicism was the official religion of the French state. The French Catholic Church, known as the Gallican Church, recognised the authority of the pope as head of the Roman Catholic Church but had negotiated certain liberties that privileged the authority of the French monarch, giving it a distinct national identity characterised by considerable autonomy. France’s population of 28 million was almost entirely Catholic, with full membership of the state denied to Protestant and Jewish minorities. Being French effectively meant being Catholic. Yet, by 1794, France’s churches and religious orders were closed down and religious worship suppressed. How did it come to this? What did revolutionaries hope to achieve? And why did Napoleon set out to reverse the situation? The Decline of Catholicism?"
},
{
"docid": "D2721648#0",
"title": "https://www.napoleon.org/en/history-of-the-two-empires/timelines/napoleons-divorce/\n\"Napoleonâs \"\"divorce\"\"\"",
"text": "\"Napoleon’s \"\"divorce\"\"Period : Directory / 1st Empire Print Share it Marriage and the Empire This timeline forms part of our close-up on: Napoleon’s “divorce”. 9 March, 1796: Napoleon Bonaparte married Josephine Tascher de la Pagerie, widow of the Viscount de Beauharnais, before an officer of the state, in the town hall of Paris’ 2nd arrondissement. April, 1804 (Germinal, An XII): there were discussions in the Conseil d’état regarding the establishment of Empire. Count Roederer, a conseiler d’Etat who was an active participant in the Coup d’Etat on 18 Brumaire and close friend of Joseph Bonaparte, noted in his memoirs an exchange at the time between Napoleon’s elder brother and his wife:“Joseph Bonaparte had a conversation with Madame [Josephine] Bonaparte. She wanted to prove to him that heredity was contrary to their interests: ‘If he [Napoleon] establishes heredity, she said, he will divorce me in order to have children: these children will distance you from power. '” 18 May, 1804 (28 Floréal, An XII): the sénatus-consulte organique transformed the French Republic into a French Empire. Included in the articles was the important section concerning Napoleon’s potential successor:“Title II: on Heredity3. The imperial dignity is hereditary through the direct, natural and legitimate line of descent from Napoleon Bonaparte, from male to male, in order of primogeniture, with the eternal exclusion of females and their descendents.4. Napoleon Bonaparte may adopt the children or grandchildren of his brothers, provided that they have reached the age of eighteen, and that he himself has no children at the time of adoption. These adopted sons enter the line of descent."
},
{
"docid": "D539603#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/38645438/history-chapter-18-flash-cards/\nHistory Chapter 18",
"text": "\"102 terms angelinaescalona History Chapter 18Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort John Calvin The Protestant leader whose teachings were followed by the Huguenots Catherine de Medicis The ruthless queen who attempted to rule for her young sons Henry of Bourbon The first Protestant king of France who escaped death only by changing his religion Marie de Medicis The wife of Henry IV who attempted to rule after his death Cardinal Richelieu The man who ruled for Marie de Medicis and her young son Louis XIIICardinal Mazarin The man who ruled while Louis XIV was a child Louis XIV The king when France was among the most important nations of Europe; the king also known for his absolutism Voltaire, Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau French Enlightenment thinkers Louis XV A weak ruler who said, \"\"After me the deluge\"\"Louis XVI The king who called a meeting of the Estates-General for the first time in over 170 years and who was executed by the National Convention Marie Antoinette Louis XVI's beautiful wife Maximilien Robespierre The most influential man in the French government between 1793 and 1794Napoleon Bonaparte The man who crowned himself emperor and controlled virtually all of continental Europe Lord Nelson The commander of the British navy who died during the Battle of Trafalgar Alexander I The czar who withdrew Russia from the Continental System Duke of Wellington The British military leader who defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo Prince von Metternich The \"\"Prince of Diplomats\"\"Louis Napoleon The nephew of Napoleon who became so popular with the people that he was able to dissolve the legislature with the people's approval and rule as a dictator Otto von Bismarck The Chancellor of Prussia whose troops defeated the French army and Napoleon IIIEstates-General The French version of a parliament Huguenots French Calvinist Protestantssynod An assembly of representatives Edict of January Decree that Huguenots could worship in public if they met outside town limits and admitted royal officials to inspect their services St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre The time when Catholic forces murdered as many as 100,000 Huguenotspolitiques A new political group consisting of some Catholics and some Protestants who agreed that religious unity in France was hopeless and persistent bloodshed was futile Edict of Nantes The edict that made the following provisions for Huguenots: (1) the Huguenots could live in any town or district of France they chose; (2) they could practice their worship only in towns where Protestantism had previously been the prevailing religion; (3) they were forbidden to practice or teach their religion publicly or teach their children anywhere outside the designated territories, specifically in the king's court, in Paris, or in the zones surrounding Paris; (4) they were not to be discriminated against in admission to colleges and universities, use of public health facilities, or holding public office; (5) they were given 100 fortified towns to be held by Protestant military garrisons. Peace of Alais An amendment to the Edict of Nantes which allowed the Huguenots to retain their civil and religious rights but took away their fortified towns and armiesbourgeoisie The French term for middle class Palace of Versailles The palace built by Louis XIV to keep members of the nobility occupied where he could keep an eye on them League of Augsburg The league formed by the nations of Europe against France Treaty of Ryswick The treaty signed by Louis XIV when he realized that he couldn't defeat the League of Augsburg Age of Enlightenment The time period in France which began in 1715 and was characterized by open rejection of the Bible and disbelief in Christ\"\"old regime\"\" The system of government and way of life in pre-Revolutionary France First, Second, and Third Estates The First Estate was the clergy, the Second Estate was the nobility, and the Third Estate was everyone else in France-from prosperous merchant to poor peasant. National Assembly A group consisting mostly of people in the Third Estate that declared itself to be the official representative body of all the people of France Tennis Court Oath The vow by the National Assembly to continue meeting until a national constitution had been written Bastille An old castle stronghold used as a prison that was stormed by the people of Paris August 4 Decrees The act by which the National Assembly ended the lords' privileges National Convention The governing body that replaced the National Assembly and executed Louis XVI as its first official act Reign of Terror Rule under which many politically influential people were arrested and executed Consulate System of government drawn up by Napoleon whose constitution establishes a kind of make-believe parliamentary system that gives the real power to the Consul of State, under the leadership of the First Consul, Napoleonplebiscite An election in which the people express their will Battle of Trafalgar Battle where the British navy defeated the combined French and Spanish navies Continental System Forbade the importation of British goods into any European country which was under French influence Battle of Leipzig Battle where the combined forces of Europe defeated Napoleon's new army Battle of Waterloo Battle where Napoleon met his final defeat Congress of Vienna Meeting of leading European diplomats in Vienna to redraw the map of Europe July Revolution The revolt of Paris citizens that forced Charles X to flee after he dissolved French legislature July Monarchy The 18-year reign of Louis Philippe Franco-Prussian War War between France and Prussia over who would succeed to the Spanish throne What was the French Estates-General? How powerful was it? Who had the real political power in France as the Modern Age began? The French version of parliament; very weak - it simply approved the laws the king wanted; the king How much power did the popes have over the medieval French kings? French kings had never been as strongly controlled by medieval popes as other European monarchs had been. What idea was taking hold in France on the eve of the Protestant Reformation?"
},
{
"docid": "D1842749#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture_of_Rome\nCapture of Rome",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the 1870 event in Italian unification. For other events in which Rome was captured, see Sack of Rome. Capture of Rome Presa di Roma Part of the wars of Italian Unification The Breach of Porta Pia, by Carlo Ademollo Date 20 September 1870Location Rome Result Italian victory End of the Papal States End of the Risorgimento Territorial changes Rome and Latium annexed to the Kingdom of Italy Belligerents Kingdom of Italy Papal States Commanders and leaders Victor Emmanuel IIRaffaele Cadorna Pope Pius IXHermann Kanzler Strength50,000 13,157Casualties and losses49 killed 19 killed The capture of Rome ( Italian: Presa di Roma) on 20 September 1870 was the final event of the long process of Italian unification known as the Risorgimento, [1] marking both the final defeat of the Papal States under Pope Pius IX and the unification of the Italian peninsula under King Victor Emmanuel II of the House of Savoy. The capture of Rome ended the approximate 1,116-year reign (AD 754 to 1870) of the Papal States under the Holy See and is today widely memorialized throughout Italy with the Via XX Settembre street name in virtually every town of any size. Contents [ hide ]1 Prelude1.1 Second Italian War of Independence1.2 Franco-Prussian War1.3 Peaceful overture to Pius IX2 Pius IX flees Rome3 Rome captured by Raffaele Cadorna4 \"\"Roman Question\"\": Mussolini's Lateran Pacts5 See also6 Notes7 References8 External links Prelude [ edit]This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( September 2013) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Second Italian War of Independence [ edit]Portrait of Napoleon III (1808–1873), Franz Xaver Winterhalter Pope Pius IX. During the Second Italian War of Independence, much of the Papal States had been conquered by the Piedmontese Army, and the new unified Kingdom of Italy was created in March 1861, when the first Italian Parliament met in Turin. On 27 March 1861, the Parliament declared Rome the capital of the Kingdom of Italy."
},
{
"docid": "D1196163#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_two_popes_did_napoleon_kidnap\nWho was the last emperor to be crowned by a pope before Napoleon Bonaparte?",
"text": "Tobias C 293 Contributions Who was the last emperor to be crowned by a pope before Napoleon Bonaparte? The last Emperor to be crowned by a Pope was Charles V. He wascrowned in Bologna by Pope Clement VII in 1530. Note that the Pope didn't actually crown Napoleon I; Napoleoncrow …Who kidnapped the pope and moved the papacy to France? King Philip IV of France What year did napoleon sign concordant with the pope?15th July 1801USCitizen 477,196 Contributions What two islands was Napoleon exiled to? Elba and St. Helena. What period was is when there was two popes? The Great Schism was a period in which their were multiple popes at one time and the popes fought over power. This led to disarray in the Catholic church Prioktan 918 768,711 Contributions Law school student at Fordham University. Studied before at Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service. How did Napoleon assert his superiority over the pope?"
},
{
"docid": "D1575807#0",
"title": "http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/napoleon/c_napjos.html\nNapoleon and Josephine",
"text": "\"Napoleon and Josephine By John Schneider Editor of Editor of Napoleonic Literature Napoleon became a general at a very young age and was put in a position of authority where the generals and almost all other officers he commanded were older than him. He felt that this wasn't a satisfactory situation and concluded that if he married a woman older than himself, he might claim to be older than he actually was and thereby obtain a little more respect from his officers. He also wanted to marry a rich, older woman. After the battle of Toulon and after saving the Directory from the Paris mob, Napoleon was invited to a party given by one of the Directors, Paul Barras. In effect, Barras was the next best thing to being king of France at the time. Barras envisioned using Napoleon's military talents for his own political and personal benefit. Barras also had at that time a mistress that he wanted to get rid of (Marie-Josephe-Rose de Beauharnais) because he had decided to take her best friend as his new mistress and couldn't afford to keep both. He knew that Napoleon was looking for a wife. He therefore decided to marry his mistress off to Napoleon; however, he didn't tell her this. He just told her that he wanted her to entertain Napoleon at the party and show an interest in him and praise his military skills."
},
{
"docid": "D3142601#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Rome_became_the_capital_of_the_kingdom_of_Italy_after\nRome became the capital of the kingdom of Italy after?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Travel & Places Countries, States, and Cities Italy Rome became the capital of the kingdom of Italy after? Flag Rome became the capital of the kingdom of Italy after? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. Rome became the capital city of Italy after the Roman reunification. By 1871, after French troops left the city, and Italian forces had taken Rome, it was declared capital of the new Italy. Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Lumimonika 1 Contribution Is Rome or Florence the capital of Italy? Rome When Rome became the capital of Italy in 1871the pope of the Roman Catholic Church did what? When Rome became the capital of Italy in 1871 the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church became very hostile and he tried to disciplinethose who were in favor of Rome being capital. … Teddy Boragina 3 Contributions What was the capital of Italy before Rome?"
},
{
"docid": "D508584#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire\nHoly Roman Empire",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Not to be confused with Roman Empire or Western Roman Empire. Holy Roman Empire Sacrum Romanum Imperium (in Latin)Heiliges Römisches Reich (in German)800/962 [a]–1806Imperial Banner ( c. 1430 –1806)Coat of arms of Francis IIThe Holy Roman Empire at its greatest extent during the Hohenstaufen dynasty (1155–1268) superimposed on modern state borders Capital Vienna ( Reichshofrat from 1497) Regensburg ( Reichstag from 1663) Wetzlar ( Reichskammergericht from 1689) For the residences of the emperors, see below. Languages Latin (administrative/liturgical/ceremonial) Various [b]Religion Roman Catholicism (800–1806) Lutheranism (1555–1806) Calvinism (1648–1806) see details Government Elective monarchy Emperor• 800–814 Charlemagne [a]• 962–973 Otto I (first)• 1792–1806 Francis II (last)Legislature Imperial Diet Historical era Middle Ages Early modern period• Charlemagne is crowned Emperor of the Romans [a]25 December 800• Otto I is crowned Emperor of the Romans2 February 962• Conrad II assumes crown of Burgundy2 February 1033• Peace of Augsburg 25 September 1555• Peace of Westphalia 24 October 1648• Battle of Austerlitz 2 December 1805• Francis II abdicated 6 August 1806Population• 1500 est. 16,000,000 [2] [3]• 1618 est. 21,000,000 [4]• 1648 est. 16,000,000 [4]• 1786 est. 26,265,000 [5]Preceded by Succeeded by East Francia Kingdom of Germany Kingdom of Italy Dutch Republic Old Swiss Confederacy Kingdom of Prussia Austrian Empire Confederation of the Rhine Today part of Various countries [show]Part of a series on Medieval History By region Medieval Albania Medieval Armenia Medieval Bosnia Medieval England Bulgarian Empire Byzantine Empire Medieval Croatia Crusader states Medieval Czech lands Medieval France Holy Roman Empire High Medieval Hungary Late Medieval Hungary Medieval Ireland Medieval Italy Medieval Georgia Medieval Livonia Kievan Rus'Medieval Poland Medieval Portugal Medieval Romania Medieval Scotland Medieval Serbia Medieval Spain Medieval Sweden Old Swiss Confederacy Medieval Wales By topic Art Literature Poetry Music Architecture Philosophy Universities Science Technology Warfarev t e The Holy Roman Empire ( Latin: Sacrum Romanum Imperium; German: Heiliges Römisches Reich) was a multi-ethnic complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806. [ 6] The largest territory of the empire after 962 was the Kingdom of Germany, though it also came to include the Kingdom of Bohemia, the Kingdom of Burgundy, the Kingdom of Italy, and numerous other territories. [ 7] [8] [9]On 25 December 800, Pope Leo III crowned the Frankish king Charlemagne as Emperor, reviving the title in Western Europe, more than three centuries after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The title continued in the Carolingian family until 888 and from 896 to 899, after which it was contested by the rulers of Italy in a series of civil wars until the death of the last Italian claimant, Berengar, in 924."
},
{
"docid": "D2359808#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_France\nHistory of France",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Part of a series on the History of France Prehistory [show]Ancient [show]Early Middle Ages [show]Middle Ages [show]Early modern [show]Long 19th century [show]20th century [show]Timeline France portalv t e The first written records for the history of France appear in the Iron Age. What is now France made up the bulk of the region known to the Romans as Gaul. Roman writers noted the presence of three main ethno-linguistic groups in the area: the Gauls, the Aquitani, and the Belgae. The Gauls, the largest and best attested group, were Celtic people speaking what is known as the Gaulish language. Over the course of the 1st millennium BC the Greeks, Romans and Carthaginians established colonies on the Mediterranean coast and the offshore islands. The Roman Republic annexed southern Gaul as the province of Gallia Narbonensis in the late 2nd century BC, and Roman forces under Julius Caesar conquered the rest of Gaul in the Gallic Wars of 58–51 BC. Afterwards a Gallo-Roman culture emerged and Gaul was increasingly integrated into the Roman Empire. In the later stages of the Roman Empire, Gaul was subject to barbarian raids and migration, most importantly by the Germanic Franks. The Frankish king Clovis I united most of Gaul under his rule in the late 5th century, setting the stage for Frankish dominance in the region for hundreds of years. Frankish power reached its fullest extent under Charlemagne."
},
{
"docid": "D1144656#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_VII\nPope Pius VII",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( March 2018) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) [ show] This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in French. ( January 2015) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Servant of God, Pope Pius VIIBishop of Rome Papacy began 14 March 1800Papacy ended 20 August 1823Predecessor Pius VISuccessor Leo XIIOrders Ordination 21 September 1765Consecration 21 December 1782 by Francesco Saverio de Zelada Created Cardinal 14 February 1785 by Pius VIPersonal details Birth name Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti Born 14 August 1742 Cesena, Papal States Died 20 August 1823 (aged 81) Rome, Papal States Previous post Abbot of San Paolo fuori le Mura (1775–1782)Bishop of Tivoli (1782–1785)Bishop of Imola (1785–1816)Cardinal-Priest of San Callisto (1785–1800)Motto Aquila Rapax (\"\"Rapacious eagle\"\") [1]Coat of arms Sainthood Venerated in Catholic Church Title as Saint Servant of God Attributes Papal vestments Papal tiara Patronage Diocese of Savona [2]Prisoners Other popes named Pius Pope Pius VII (14 August 1742 – 20 August 1823), born Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti, [a] was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 14 March 1800 to his death in 1823. Chiaramonti was also a monk of the Order of Saint Benedict in addition to being a well-known theologian and bishop throughout his life. Chiaramonti was made Bishop of Tivoli in 1782, and resigned that position upon his appointment as Bishop of Imola in 1785. That same year, he was made a cardinal. In 1789, the French Revolution took place, and as a result a series of anti-clerical governments came into power in the country."
},
{
"docid": "D791730#0",
"title": "http://www.age-of-the-sage.org/history/italian_unification.html\nCavour & Italian unification",
"text": "\"Cavour & Italian unification In 1815 at the close of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars the statesmen representing the great powers, in their efforts to restore stable governance to Europe after twenty-six years of turmoil, came to accept (under the persuasion of Talleyrand - the Foreign Minister of the recently restored French monarchy) that \"\"legitimate sovereigns\"\" should be restored, where possible, to their thrones. Prior to the first irruption of what developed into French, and European, revolutionary unrest after 1789 the political shape of the Italian peninsula derived in large part from the influence of Papal diplomacy over the previous millennium where the Popes had tended to strongly support the existence of a number of small states in the north of the peninsula such that no strong power might presume to try to overshadow the papacy. Such political decentralisation may have facilitated the emergence of a number of mercantile city states such as the Florence of the Medicis and the Milan of the Sforzas and to have allowed a scenario where ambitious men such as Cesare Borgia could attempt to establish themselves as rulers of territories won by statecraft and the sword. The burgeoning wealth of these city states, despite much political turmoil, helped to fund that re-birth of classical learning and of artistic expression that is known as the Renaissance. As time passed some of these mercantile states became reconstituted as Duchies and Grand Duchies. By the mid eighteenth century the north of the Italian peninsula featured a number of such dynastic states together with mercantile republics such as Genoa and Venice. The former Duchy of Savoy meanwhile, originally based on limited territories north of the Alps, had expanded to also include Nice, Piedmont (an extensive territory in the north-east of the Italian peninsula) and the island of Sardinia and was known by its senior title as the Kingdom of Sardinia. The Noble House of Savoy maintained its court at Turin in Piedmont. The kingdom under the sovereignty of the House of Savoy is referred to by historians as Sardinia, Piedmont or Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont. In the settlements to the Napoleonic Wars statesmen, in their efforts to restore political stability to Europe, reconstituted most of the Duchies and Grand Duchies often under rulers drawn from junior branches of the Habsburg dynasty or otherwise under Habsburg Austrian tutelage."
},
{
"docid": "D262601#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronation_of_Napoleon_I\nCoronation of Napoleon I",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Coronation of Napoleon Consecration of the Emperor Napoleon I and Coronation of the Empress Josephine in the Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris on 2 December 1804 by Jacques-Louis David (completed 1808)Date December 2, 1804 (11 Frimaire XIII)Location Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris The coronation of Napoleon as Emperor of the French took place on Sunday December 2, 1804 (11 Frimaire, Year XIII according to the French Republican Calendar) at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. It marked \"\"the instantiation of modern empire\"\" and was a \"\"transparently masterminded piece of modern propaganda\"\". [ 1]The stool that was part of a set made for the reception of Napoleon by the corps legislatif after his coronation as emperor. Made in the workshop of Jacob-Desmalter, designed by Bernard Poyet, 1805. The Victoria and Albert Museum, London Napoleon wanted to establish legitimacy of his imperial reign, with its new royal family and new nobility. Therefore, he designed a new coronation ceremony that was unlike the ceremony used for the kings of France. In the traditional coronation, the act of the king's consecration ( sacre) was emphasised, and anointment was conferred by the archbishop of Reims in the Cathedral Notre-Dame de Reims. [ 2] Napoleon's was a sacred ceremony held in the great cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris in the presence of Pope Pius VII. Napoleon brought together an assortment of different rites and customs, incorporating aspects of Carolingian tradition, the ancien régime and the French Revolution, all presented in sumptuous luxury. [ 3] According to government tallies, the entire cost was over 8.5 million francs. ["
}
] |
620305
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what did the president change in truman doctrine ww2
|
[
{
"docid": "D721060#0",
"title": "http://www.referati.org/the-truman-doctrine-u-s-foreign-policy-after-world-war-ii/84567/ref\nThe Truman Doctrine - U.S. Foreign Policy After World War II",
"text": "\"The Truman Doctrine - U. S. Foreign Policy After World War IIThe Truman Doctrine The Truman Doctrine was the impetus for the change in United States foreign policy, from isolationist to internationalists; thuswe were drawn into two wars of containment and into world affairs. The Truman Doctrine led to a major change in U. S. foreign policy from itsinception - aid to Turkey and Greece - to its indirect influence in Korea and Vietnam. The aftermath of World War II inspired the U. S. toissue a proclamation that would stem Communist influence throughoutthe world. However, our zeal in that achievement sent our soldiers todie in Vietnam and Korea for a seemingly futile cause. It must be the policy of the U. S. to support free peoples. This is no more than a frank recognitions that totalitarian regimesimposed on free peoples . . .undermine the foundations of . . . peaceand security of the United States. The Truman Doctrine would change the foreign policy of the United States and the world. This policy would first go in aid tosupport the democratic regimes in Turkey and Greece."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D174332#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/41716061/ah-ch-16-the-cold-war-flash-cards/\nAH Ch 16 - The Cold War",
"text": "\"62 terms mrslynchwhs AH Ch 16 - The Cold War Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Warsaw Pact military alliance of the Soviet Union and its satellite states Containment US policy to limit communism Marshall Plan US policy giving massive loans and grants to Western Europe Truman Doctrine US policy to assist countries struggling against communist movements NATO military alliance of the US and countries in Western Europe Cold War worldwide rivalry between the US and the Soviet Union Countries that remained under Soviet control after WW2... Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria Winston Churchill First spoke of the \"\"iron curtain\"\"In an attempt to gain control over West Berlin, the Soviet Union... set up a total blockade of that section of the city. NATO and the Warsaw Pact were examples of... military alliances made for \"\"collective security\"\". Jiang Jieshi the leader of the Nationalists in China, known in the US as Chiang Kai-shek38th Parallel the dividing line between North and South Korea Mao Zedong the leader of the communists in China who fought a civil war against the Nationalists let by Jiang Jieshi SEATO the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, similar to NATO, and aligned with the USDouglas Mac Arthur -a WW2 hero and general in the Korean War until he was relieved of duty by President Truman -general in command of US forces in the Korean War Limited war -a war fought only to achieve specific goals -war to achieve specific goals rather than the total defeat of the enemy In China's civil war, the US backed... the Nationalists, led by Jiang Jieshi. In 1950, what event began the conflict on the Korean peninsula? The North Korean army invaded south of the 38th parallel. General Mac Arthur chose what city for a counterattack against North Korea? Inchon How did the American public view General Mac Arthur after President Truman fired him? They saw him as a hero."
},
{
"docid": "D323662#0",
"title": "http://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/ww2/terms.html\nWorld War II (1939â1945)",
"text": "People Neville Chamberlain The prime minister of Britain from 1937 to 1940 , who advocated a policy of appeasement toward the territorial demands of Nazi Germany. This appeasement policy essentially turned a blind eye to Germany’s 1938 annexation of Austria and the Sudetenland. Winston Churchill The prime minister of Britain during most of World War II. Churchill was among the most active leaders in resisting German aggression and played a major role in assembling the Allied Powers, including the United States and the USSR. James Doolittle A U. S. Army general best known for leading the famous “Doolittle Raid” in 1942 , in which B- 25 bombers were launched from an aircraft carrier to bomb Japan and then crash-landed in China. Dwight D. Eisenhower A U. S. Army general who held the position of supreme Allied commander in Europe, among many others. Eisenhower was perhaps best known for his work in planning Operation Overlord , the Allied invasion of Europe. After the war, he was a very popular figure in the United States and was elected to two terms as U. S. president, taking office in 1953. Hirohito Emperor of Japan from 1926 until his death in 1989. Despite the power of Japan’s military leaders, many scholars believe that Hirohito took an active role in leading the country and shaping its combat strategy during World War II."
},
{
"docid": "D1671989#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_names_of_the_planes_that_dropped_the_atomic_bombs_on_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki\nWhat are the names of the planes that dropped the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History World War 2 WW2 Axis Powers Japan in WW2 Hiroshima and Nagasaki Atomic Bombings What are the names of the planes that dropped the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Flag What are the names of the planes that dropped the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Answer by Rudolph Hyde Confidence votes 17.8KI am a veteran and retired federal agent. I am a cinephile and strongly interested in WWII, esp. the European Campaign. The names of the planes that dropped the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki are Enola Gay and Bockscar . On August 6, 1945, at 9:15 AM Tokyo time, a B-29 plane, the \"\"Enola Gay\"\" piloted by Paul W. Tibbets, dropped a uranium atomic bomb, code named \"\"Little Boy\"\" on Hiroshima, Japan's seventh largest city. In minutes, half of the city vanished. According to U. S. estimates, 60,000 to 70,000 people were killed or missing, 140,000 were injured many more were made homeless as a result of the bomb. Deadly radiation reached over 100,000."
},
{
"docid": "D2061902#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_purpose_of_the_truman_doctrine\nWhat was the Truman doctrine?",
"text": "\"Luckysmurf9394 202 Contributions What was the Truman doctrine? The Truman Doctrine (1947) was designed to support anti-communistsand resist the spread of communism. Initially, it stated that the United States would support both Turkey and …What was the Truman Doctrine about?it was about having a sexy vagina and getting laid every night because of it What is Truman doctrine?massive retaliation Streetridaz92 108 Contributions What did the Truman doctrine do? It expressed support for peoples around the world resisting Communism. basically said that \"\"the US and a leader in the free world, must support capitalism an …Wmagginis18 47 Contributions What was the purpose of Truman Doctrine? On the surface, the Truman Doctrine was to offer military and economic aid to the fighters attempting to repel Soviet backed forces in Greece and Turkey. However, the Truman D …What was the purpose of Truman doctrine and NATO? No Jack3m 3 Contributions Why did Truman issue the Truman doctrine? The United States will support those who are resisting takeover by totalitarian regimes. because he wanted to stop soviet expansion."
},
{
"docid": "D2768098#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/18520455/us-history-regents-review-flash-cards/\nUS HISTORY REGENTS REVIEW",
"text": "\"68 terms Ms-Palmer US HISTORY REGENTS REVIEWThe most essential and often asked terms and Supreme Court Cases on the NYS US History Regents. Know these = pass your test!Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Proclamation Line of 1763 Stated that no colonists could settle in lands to the west of the Appalachian mountains-- made the colonists very upset Declaration of Independence * Document adopted on July 4, 1776. * Established the 13 American colonies as independent states, free from rule by Great Britain. * Thomas Jefferson wrote most of it. * Explained to the world why we wanted our freedom. Agriculture Farming. Articles of Confederation 1st Constitution of the U. S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade)Anti-Federalist a person apposed to the ratification of the US constitution, and wanted a bill of rights to be added. Federalist supporters of the constitution during the debate over its ratification; favored a strong national government Amendment a change to the Constitution Bill of Rights The first ten amendments of the U. S. Constitution, containing a list of individual rights and liberties, such as freedom of speech, religion, and the press."
},
{
"docid": "D3219369#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/21133108/apush-unit-9-ww2-and-cold-war-terms-flash-cards\nAPUSH Unit 9- WW2 and Cold War Terms",
"text": "\"120 terms gtfan4-ever APUSH Unit 9- WW2 and Cold War Terms Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Manchuria During the 1930s, Japan defied to Open Door policy and covenant of the League of Nations and invaded this territory and renamed it Manchukuo. All the League of Nations did in return was to pass a resolution condemning Japan for its actions. Then the Japanese left the League of Nations. Stimson Doctrine the U. S. response to Japan's violation of the Open Door Policy was a little stronger than the League's response, but no more effective in deterring further aggression. Secretary of State Henry Stimson declared in 1932 that the United States would honor its treaty obligations under the Nine Power Treaty by refusing to recognize the legitimacy of any regime like \"\"Manchukuo\"\" that had been established by force. The League of Nations readily endorsed the Stimson Doctrine and issued a similar declaration. Good-Neighbor Policy Roosevelt's policy from his first address meaning improving relations with other nations by taking a noninterventionist course in Latin America. Pan-American Conferences ('33, '36) '33- pledged to stop intervening in the internal affairs of a Latin American country '36- pledged to submit future disputes to arbitration and warned that if a european power like germany attempted \"\"to commit acts of aggression against us,\"\" it would find \"\"a Hemisphere wholly prepared to consult together for our mutual safety and our mutual good. \"\""
},
{
"docid": "D164502#0",
"title": "http://www.gcsehistory.org.uk/modernworld/coldwar/tehranyaltapotsdam.htm\nTehran, Yalta and Potsdam Conferences",
"text": "Tehran, Yalta and Potsdam Conferences The Tehran, Yalta and Potsdam Conferences Germany’s invasion of Russia in 1941 forced Stalin to seek military help. As we have seen, despite the very different political systems in Russia, the United States and Great Britain, the threat of a common enemy brought the Allies together. The leaders of the three powers (or their representatives) met relatively frequently, declaring their shared beliefs as a way of maintaining morale at home. In 1942 the Atlantic Charter gave support for the principle of national self-determination. The next year at the Casablanca Conference America reassured Russia that there would not be a compromise peace with Germany, but it remained to be seen how much these ‘promises’ made in the midst of a desperate military situation could be carried out at the end of the war. Tehran Conference By the end of 1943 as the war situation improved, the Big Three started to look forward to the prospects for peace. At the Teheran Conference in November Stalin met with Churchill and Roosevelt for the first time. The Red Army had just begun to push the Germans back after the Battle of Stalingrad, the Germans had been forced out of Africa, Italy had been invaded and America had halted the Japanese in the Pacific. In more confident mood, the Big Three made it clear that they had one aim: the destruction of Germany and Japan. Britain and America agreed to open a second front against the Germans early in 1944 by invading northern France."
},
{
"docid": "D1417009#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/9250944/the-hollywood-ten-flash-cards/\nThe hollywood ten",
"text": "36 terms westy1231The hollywood ten10 writers, directors who were accused of being communists (one being dalton trumbo, who were interigated by the HUAC. Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort The hollywood ten 10 writers, directors who were accused of being communists (one being dalton trumbo, who were interigated by the HUAC. Hauc The house of unamerican activites community, an organization to seek for people who are doing unamerican things. Margaret chanse smith senator from maine who was the only one who stood up to joseph mcarthy, powerful because a women, and from mainethe rosenberg case pro communist jews were arrested for spying, accused for leaking atomic bomb information. soon executed, first americans to be executed for espionage during cold war. Mc Carran act made it against the law to be communist in america or to be part of a communist party in americaunivac Universal Automatic computer,meant new technology and innovationklaus fuchs accused of being a spy for the soviets, stole information about the atomic bomb for soviets, then started to take information on hydrogen bomb until caught.j. edgar hoover helped create FBI, sent men to follow and spy on martin luther jr, malcom x, kkk, to have a less violent country John Birch society right wing, very conservative anti communits, argued they are racist, did nothing that was in consititution, extreme anti communists.fallout shelter bomb shelter that protects family from explosionsdrive in theater a place for families to get away, to get their mind off the cold war, a movie theater for cars.streetcar named desire 1950's play and film that was super popular, challenged many things people didnt talk about and the stereotypes that followed, like homosexuality or rapeholiday inn family friendly cheap hotelbetty friedan womans rights accutive, influenced women to stand up for jobs when the men started to get back from warjackie robinson breaking color barrier for sports, showed and proved he was good at baseball even though he was blacktupperware food container that kept food fresh, enabling people to save money, and gave many women jobs, as they sold them, still giving them time to be house wivesfashion new fashion, very conservative and gender specific.levittown town of houses next to each other, created because of large need of housesbeatniks new generation where kids rebelled, such as hippies, refusal to conformberlin airlift soviet union bult a wall around west berlin, they blocked all access to inside, so airlifts needs to drop in food and supplies for the peoplemarshall plan european recovery program, making it so other countries wont become communists, giving money and equipment to western europe to rebuild economyiron curtain split communist from other countries in europetruman doctrine American policy to CONTAIN communismthe fall of china when china became communist, this meant that other asian countries might also become communistkorean war between south and north korea, communism vs democracy, the us supported the south and the soviets the northjoseph stalin leader of communist party in russia, leader of soviets during WW2, influence of china, north korea, vietnam and cubaeisenhower started cold war by sending spy planes into russia, made it so every was equal, no one second classnikita khrushchev leader of soviet union after stalin died, leader during cuban missile crisis, the on ewho said you can recognize the bad things stalin didjohn f kennedy known for anticommunist views, was elected president during height of cold war, gave orders to invade cuba, took part in space race and many civil rights movementsharry s truman made decision where to drop the atomic bomb, 33th president, truman doctrinepeace corps Jfk started it to promoted peace and to train men and women from other countries to become better leaders and to help them understand americaspace race race to gain technology and power in space, america vs russa, competing to create first satalight and first flight to the moonfidel castro cuban prime minister, gave health care to all cuban citizens , relations with soviets lead to cuban missile crisismutuall assured destruction (MAD) military strategy to keep to areas from blowing each other upjoseph Mc Carthy senator of wisconsin who scared many in thinking that the government was made up of communistalger hiss spy who was convicted, connected with klaus fuchs Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Features Quizlet Live Quizlet Learn Diagrams Flashcards Mobile Help Sign up Help Center Honor Code Community Guidelines Students Teachers About Company Press Jobs Privacy Terms Follow us Language© 2018 Quizlet Inc."
},
{
"docid": "D163904#0",
"title": "http://europeanhistory.about.com/od/glossary/g/gltrumandoctrin.htm\nThe Truman Doctrine and the Cold War",
"text": "\"Humanities ›History & Culture The Truman Doctrine and the Cold War Share Flipboard Email Print Harry Truman Libraryby Robert Wilde Updated March 02, 2018The Truman Doctrine was a key part of the Cold War, both in how this conflict of posturing and puppets began, and how it developed over the years. The doctrine was policy to \"\"support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures,\"\" and announced on March 12th, 1947 by US President Harry Truman, making the doctrine US government policy for decades. The Start of the Truman Doctrine The doctrine was dreamed up in response to crises in Greece and Turkey, nations which Americans believed were in danger of falling into the Soviet sphere of influence. The US and the USSR had been in alliance during the Second World War, but this was to defeat a common enemy in the Germans and the Japanese. When the war ended and Stalin was left in control of Eastern Europe, which he had conquered and intended to subjugate, the US realized the world was left with two superpowers, and one was as bad as the Nazis they had just defeated and far stronger than before. Fear was mixed with paranoia and a little bit of guilt. A conflict was possible, depending on how both sides reacted... and they produced one. While there was no realistic way to free Eastern Europe from Soviet domination, Truman and the US wanted to stop any further countries falling within their control, and the president's speech promised monetary aid and military advisors to Greece and Turkey to stop them buckling. However, the doctrine was not just aimed at these two, but expanded worldwide as part of the Cold War to cover assistance to all nations threatened by communism and the Soviet Union, involving the US with western Europe, Korea, and Vietnam among others. A major part of the doctrine was the policy of containment."
},
{
"docid": "D1552203#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_did_the_Truman_doctrine_cause_great_controversy\nWhy did the Truman doctrine cause great controversy?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History World War 2 WW2 Allied Powers US in WW2 Why did the Truman doctrine cause great controversy? Flag Why did the Truman doctrine cause great controversy? Answer by Amariana Saavedra Confidence votes 34The Truman Doctrine underpinned American Cold War policy in Europe and around the world. The doctrine endured because it addressed a broader cultural insecurity regarding modern life in a globalized world.2 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Luckysmurf9394 202 Contributions What was the Truman doctrine? The Truman Doctrine (1947) was designed to support anti-communistsand resist the spread of communism. Initially, it stated that the United States would support both Turkey and …Mr V 2,881 Contributions What were the causes and consequences of the Truman Doctrine? Truman Doctrine . \\n Truman was hard-nosed when it came to the Soviet Union. He had never liked, nor trusted, Stalin, and he did not believe that Communism was anything oth …What was the Truman Doctrine about?it was about having a sexy vagina and getting laid every night because of it What is Truman doctrine?massive retaliation Streetridaz92 108 Contributions What did the Truman doctrine do?"
},
{
"docid": "D3300982#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/199013023/chapter-25-the-cold-war-and-the-fair-deal-1945-1952-flash-cards/\nChapter 25: The Cold War and the Fair Deal, 1945-1952",
"text": "\"45 terms Micah_Smith70Chapter 25: The Cold War and the Fair Deal, 1945-1952Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Complete the passage describing how the Taft-Hartley Labor Act tried to resolve union-related conflict. - Union strikes - Wages - Republican - Anti-union - the \"\"closed-shop\"\" - right to work - communism. Identify the ideological differences between the United States and the Soviet Union that caused friction and led to the outbreak of the cold war. - The Soviet Union prohibited many religions, while citizens of the United States enjoyed religious freedom. - The United States supported self-determination for the peoples of Eastern Europe, whereas the Soviet Union wanted to control what went on in these countries. - The United States supported the capitalist economic system, whereas the Soviets supported communism. Why didn't the United States directly confront the Soviet Union militarily after World War II? American leaders believed that a policy of containment would eventually cause Soviet communism to collapse from within."
},
{
"docid": "D2146994#0",
"title": "https://quizlet.com/23074706/germany-divided-and-reunited-flash-cards/\nGermany: Divided and Reunited",
"text": "167 terms elliepalombo Germany: Divided and Reunited Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort When was the Yalta conference February 1945When was the Potsdam conference July 1945What was agreed at the Yalta conference? A united nations organisation would be set up to help maintain future world stability There would be free elections in Poland (under the influence of the USSR, it was feared Stalin would set up communist governments in Europe)Who were the 'Big Three' USA, UK and USSRWhat was the nature of the relationship of the 'Big Three' by the time of the Potsdam conference? it had soured before Hitler was a common enemy - now the differing ideologies began to show What were the aims of the Potsdam conference? To consider disarmament, denazification, territorial adjustments and reparationswhat was agreed at the Potsdam conference? Germany would be split into 4 'zones of occupation' - a british, american, french and soviet zone Berlin would remain the capital but would be divided into 4 as well but was within the soviet zone the soviet zone was 40% of German territory and 30% of its industrial production What was agreed in respects to demilitarisation in Germany at the Potsdam conference? dismantling and destruction of any German factories used for building weapons or armamentsthe 'Cold War' A battle of political ideologies (capitalism and communism) in which the powers directly involved would not fire a single shot at each other, but used the threat of nuclear annihilation and the fighting of proxy wars (backing up conflicts such as the vietnam war) to maintain the balance of power Iron Curtain The term used by Winston Churchill to describe the increased division of Europe between East and West What was different at the Potsdam conference? Presiden Roosevelt died and his replacement President Truman was much less willing to work with the Russians In Britain Clement Atlee took over from Winston Churchill What was the main source of tension between the 'Big three' in 1945? The future of Eastern Europe, especially Poland - Stalin had agreed to free elections however it was clear he intended to set up governments in Eastern Europe which were friendly to the soviet Union This increased suspicions What did Stalin want to use Poland for?"
},
{
"docid": "D88612#0",
"title": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_doctrines\nUnited States presidential doctrines",
"text": "\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. ( January 2017)A United States Presidential doctrine comprises the key goals, attitudes, or stances for United States foreign affairs outlined by a President. Most presidential doctrines are related to the Cold War. Though many U. S. Presidents had themes related to their handling of foreign policy, the term doctrine generally applies to Presidents such as James Monroe, Harry S. Truman, Richard Nixon, Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan, all of whom had doctrines which more completely characterized their foreign policy. Contents [ hide ]1 Presidential doctrines1.1 Monroe Doctrine1.2 Roosevelt Corollary1.3 Truman Doctrine1.4 Eisenhower Doctrine1.5 Kennedy Doctrine1.6 Johnson Doctrine1.7 Nixon Doctrine1.8 Carter Doctrine1.9 Reagan Doctrine1.9.1 Reagan's definition1.10 Clinton Doctrine1.11 Bush Doctrine1.12 Obama Doctrine1.13 Trump Doctrine2 See also3 References4 Further reading Presidential doctrines [ edit]Monroe Doctrine [ edit]U. S. President James Monroe. Main article: Monroe Doctrine The Monroe Doctrine, expressed in 1823, proclaimed the United States' opinion that European powers should no longer colonize the Americas or interfere with the affairs of sovereign nations located in the Americas, such as the United States, Mexico, Gran Colombia and others. In return, the United States planned to stay neutral in wars between European powers and in wars between a European power and its colonies. However, if these latter type of wars were to occur in the Americas, the U. S. would view such action as hostile toward itself."
},
{
"docid": "D756921#0",
"title": "http://www.american-historama.org/1945-1989-cold-war-era/containment.htm\nContainment",
"text": "\"Definition and Summary of Containment Summary and Definition: The strategy and policy of Containment was used by the United States during the Cold War (1945 - 1991). The purpose of the Containment policy was to restrict the spread of communism abroad by diplomatic, military and economic actions. The term \"\"containment\"\" was first used in US strategies immediately following WW2 but George F. Kennan, a Foreign Service Officer and diplomat working in the American Embassy in Moscow, articulated the policy of containment when he sent the \"\"Long Telegram\"\" on February 22, 1946 in which he advised \"\"a long term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies. \"\" George Kennan’s advice on containment formed the basis of the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan and the Domino Theory forming the basis of US policy during the early stages of the Cold War. There are many examples of events during the Cold War when the United States used the containment policy including the Korean War, the Vietnam War and the Cuban missile crisis.1945-1993: Cold War Era US American History The Cold War US Containment Policy: The Cold War Presidents There were nine Presidents who served during the Cold War era between 1945 - 1991. The names of the Cold War Presidents were Harry Truman, Dwight D Eisenhower, John F Kennedy, Lyndon B Johnson, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan and George H Bush. Many of the Cold War presidents used the policy of containment to resolve serious, diplomatic incidents involving the Communist countries especially during the period of the Cold War Arms Race when both the United States and USSR each developed the Atomic Bomb, the hydrogen bomb and intercontinental ballistic missiles. Containment Facts for kids The following fact sheet contains interesting information, history and facts on Containment for kids. Containment Facts for kids: The US Policy of Containment Containment Facts - 1: The purpose of the US Containment policy was to restrict communist expansion response to a series of moves by the Soviet Union to enlarge its communist sphere of influence in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, China, Korea, Cuba and Vietnam. The strategy played a major role in diplomatic, economic and military actions and was strongly associated with the Domino Theory."
},
{
"docid": "D2585418#0",
"title": "http://www.gcsehistory.org.uk/modernworld/coldwar/satellitestates.htm\nSoviet Satellite States",
"text": "Soviet Satellite States The establishment and control of the Soviet satellite states How had the USSR gained control of Eastern Europe by 1948? Between 1945 and 1949 Stalin created a Russian empire in Eastern Europe. This empire included Poland, Hungary, Rumania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and East Germany. Each had a Communist government. In the West they were called satellites because they clung closely to the Soviet Union like satellites round a planet. Stalin was able to create this empire for a number of reasons. The first was the military might of the Soviet Union in Europe after 1945. Unaffected by the pressures of domestic opinion, Stalin was able to keep huge numbers of troops in a state of readiness, whereas the western powers were under intense pressure to ‘bring the boys back home’ as soon as possible. Neither Britain nor the United States were prepared to fight over Eastern Europe and Stalin knew this. Another reason for the spread of Communism after the war was the gratitude of many Eastern Europeans for their liberation from Nazism."
},
{
"docid": "D2309697#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100419120732AA9Ee77\nWho do you blame for the Cold War? The US or USSR?",
"text": "Politics & Government Military Who do you blame for the Cold War? The US or USSR? I would like an opinion :)2 following 12 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: I blame the USSR primarily for the following reasons: 1) With no good reason of justification, the USSR occupied the sovereign nations of Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine and Estonia as part of a Soviet land-grab and created a communist regime in East Germany. 2) They then proceeded to assume control of the eastern bloc countries (i.e. Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania) setting up puppet governments and merging them into the Warsaw Pact military alliance. 3) They created a communist Yugoslavia which took sovereignty away from four countries: Serbia, Croatia, Montenegro and Slovenia) 4) These Soviet-style regimes that arose in the Eastern Bloc not only reproduced Soviet economies, but also adopted the brutal methods employed by Joseph Stalin and Soviet secret police to suppress real and potential opposition. As part of the Soviet domination of the Eastern Bloc, the NKVD, led by Lavrentiy Beria, supervised the establishment of Soviet-style secret police systems in the Bloc that were supposed to crush anti-communist resistance. When the slightest stirrings of independence emerged in the Bloc, Stalin's strategy was to inisure that: they were removed from power, put on trial, imprisoned, and in several instances, executed. 5) The USSR imposed a blockade on West Belin (1949) which stopped the flow of all humanitarian supplies into West Berlin. Western nations had to airlift food and supplies into West Belin to insure the survival of it's citizens. All of this is pretty disappointing for the people living in occupied lands, because it came right after Nazi Germany had ended their occupation of these countries."
},
{
"docid": "D1819713#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_US_policy_of_containment\nWhat was the US policy of containment?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History War and Military History World War 2 WW2 Allied Powers US in WW2 What was the US policy of containment? Flag What was the US policy of containment? Answer by Amyvac Confidence votes 131The point of the Containment Policy was for the United States during the Cold War to keep Communism from spreading. Also if they failed then the domino effect would occur and eventually, more and more countries would fall to Communism. This is the reason the USA fought in the Vietnam War and the Korean War.11 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No What was the US policy of containment during the Cold War? Answer . The US policy of containment was basically just the US policy to stop the spread of communism. Ordinarily, this took the form of stationing military forces in di …Naruto425 390 Contributions The US policy of containment aimed to contain what? Communism When did the US use a policy of containment?"
},
{
"docid": "D914827#0",
"title": "http://www.trumanlibrary.org/teacher/doctrine.htm\nHarry S. Truman Presidential Library & Museum",
"text": "\"Student Activity Harry Truman and the Truman Doctrine Introduction | Vocabulary | Conditions in Greece | Photograph analysis | Conditions in Turkey | Map analysis | Truman's speech to Congress | Oral History activity Introduction On Friday, February 21, 1947, the British Embassy informed the U. S. State Department officials that Great Britain could no longer provide financial aid to the governments of Greece and Turkey. American policymakers had been monitoring Greece's crumbling economic and political conditions, especially the rise of the Communist-led insurgency known as the National Liberation Front, or the EAM/ELAS. The United States had also been following events in Turkey, where a weak government faced Soviet pressure to share control of the strategic Dardanelle Straits. When Britain announced that it would withdraw aid to Greece and Turkey, the responsibility was passed on to the United States. In a meeting between Congressmen and state department officials, Undersecretary of State Dean Acheson articulated what would later become known as the domino theory. He stated that more was at stake than Greece and Turkey, for if those two key states should fall, Communism would likely spread south to Iran and as far east as India. Acheson concluded that not since the days of Rome and Carthage had such a polarization of power existed. The stunned legislators agreed to endorse the program on the condition that President Truman stress the severity of the crisis in an address to Congress and in a radio broadcast to the American people. Addressing a joint session of Congress on March 12, 1947, President Harry S. Truman asked for $400 million in military and economic assistance for Greece and Turkey and established a doctrine, aptly characterized the Truman Doctrine, that would guide U. S. diplomacy for the next forty years. President Truman declared, \"\"It must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.\"\""
},
{
"docid": "D2357182#0",
"title": "http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/\nWorld War Two",
"text": "World War Two The causes, events and people of the most destructive war in history.expand all World War Two: Key Events World War Two: Summary Outline of Key Events - A guide to the key events of World War Two. The Gathering Storm Churchill: The Gathering Storm Had Britain's wartime leader truly stood alone in his opposition to appeasement, or did he rewrite history to portray himself in a better light? By Professor John Charmley. The Ending of World War One - Germany had high hopes of winning World War One - especially after astonishing advances early in1918. The Rise of Adolf Hitler - From aimless drifter to brutal dictator, by Jeremy Noakes Hitler's Leadership Style by Dr Geoffrey Megargee Nazi Propaganda by Professor David Welch Japan's Quest for Empire 1931 - 1945 by Dr Susan Townsend Countdown to World War Two: Monday 28 August 1939 by Mark Fielder Blitzkrieg: Germany's 'Lightning War'Blitzkrieg How did this new doctrine of speed, flexibility and surprise deliver a string of stunning victories for Hitler's armies? By Robert T Foley Voices of Dunkirk - Listen to eight survivors of the Dunkirk evacuation recount their stories Invasion of Poland - The gamble that led to war, by Bradley Lightbody Spinning Dunkirk - Miracle or propaganda? By Professor Duncan Anderson The Norway Campaign in World War Two by Dr Eric Grove WW2 Movies: Dunkirk France, 1940: 1 Squadron by Christopher Shores The Fall of France by Dr Gary Sheffield Animated Map: The Fall of France (Dunkirk)Churchill Becomes Prime Minister by Helen Cleary Dunkirk by Bruce Robinson Norway Campaign by Helen Cleary The Fall of France by Bruce Robinson Britain Stands Alone Winston Churchill: Defender of Democracy The rows were explosive, the challenges enormous, but he led Britain through the war with unique assurance. By Dr Geoffrey Best. Audio: Churchill and World War Two - Audio of three of Winston Churchill's speeches to the British nation during World War Two. The German Threat to Britain in World War Two - Was an invasion likely?"
},
{
"docid": "D654148#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100405143435AALCFKB\nHow much money did Harry S Truman give to Greece during the Cold War?",
"text": "\"Politics & Government Military How much money did Harry S Truman give to Greece during the Cold War?i cant find this information anywhere- i looked up a youtube video and is said 4 _illion dollars (i couldnt tell if he said billion or million)IFollow 5 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: The US gave greece 300 million in military and economic aid in 1947jeeper_peeper321 · 8 years ago0 1 Comment Jeeper is correct; the US gave just over $300 Million to Greece. However, this was not through the Marshall Plan; it was through the Truman Doctrine. The confusion comes since the two were so similar and were passed together. ( In fact, Truman, while creating the Doctrine, said that his Doctrine and the Marshall Plan were \"\"two halves of the same walnut\"\" and that is a direct quote) Other info: The Truman Doctrine was declared to help Turkey and Greece after Britain declared it no longer had the funds to support Greece. The Marshall Plan extended financial aid to any country in Europe attempting to resist a government change that the people did not want. Here is a passage from my textbook (we used it at my school just a few weeks ago) that should summarize it for you: Please note it says 400 million - that was for Greece AND Turkey. The Truman Doctrine. Frustrated in Iran, Stalin turned to Turkey. There the straits of the Dardanelles were a vital route from Soviet Black Sea ports to the Mediterranean. For centuries Russia had wanted to control this strategic route."
}
] |
620309
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what did the pyramids symbolize
|
[
{
"docid": "D676059#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090722141923AASR8ni\nWhat does the Pyramids of Egypt symbolize?",
"text": "\"Travel Africa & Middle East Egypt What does the Pyramids of Egypt symbolize? Why was it made? Is it for whom?2 following 11 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Pyramids are tombs of Kings and Queens of ancient Egypt. They symbolize the power of the King, the larger the pyramid the more powerful he was. They show us how religious Egyptians were, constructing the pyramid was a religious activity since the King was considered the son of the supreme god Ra ( the sun). The shape of the pyramid ( in addition to the fact that it is the best shape that can live for ever) symbolizes the ascending and descending of the spirit of the King to the sky. It may also symbolize the shape of the rays of the sun ( the supreme god Ra) coming out of between clouds. Balsam · 9 years ago6 0 Comment Pyramid Symbolism Source (s):https://shrink.im/a0SJDtokarz · 2 years ago0 0 Comment A little bit of both. But first you need to understand that symbols have an exoteric and esoteric meaning. The exoteric is the common understanding of what it means, but the esoteric is the hidden meaning that is only known to a few parties."
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "D1423236#0",
"title": "https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikijunior:Ancient_Civilizations/Egyptians\nWikijunior:Ancient Civilizations/Egyptians",
"text": "\"Wikijunior: Ancient Civilizations/Egyptians< Wikijunior: Ancient Civilizations This is the latest reviewed version, checked on 2 February 2018. Quality: minimalnavigation search Contents1 What country did they live in?2 What did their buildings look like?3 What did they eat?4 What did they wear?5 What did they believe?6 What did their writing look like?7 Are some of them famous even today?8 What is left of them today? What country did they live in? [ edit]View of the Nile from the river What the Nile looks like from space The Egyptians lived along the River Nile, the \"\"fertile river\"\" in north eastern Africa. This river flows from the central part of Africa. The Nile's water flows north, until it empties into the Mediterranean Sea. At the northern most part of the Nile, the Nile forms a delta. The delta of a river is formed at the river's mouth, where it leaves behind dirt and other sediment. At the delta a river often branches out into a wider, triangular shape. The Nile was very important to life in Egypt."
},
{
"docid": "D155274#0",
"title": "http://sangraal.com/library/eyesofhorus.htm\nThe Eyes of Horus",
"text": "The Eyes of Horusby Holy Crusader | Library |The Eyes of Horus“Let the Eye of Horus come forth from the god and shine outside his mouth.” The Pyramid Texts Horus “who rules with two eyes”In ancient Egyptian mythology, Horus was one of five offspring of the original pair of Egyptian gods, Ra and Rhea. Horus’ siblings were Osiris, Set, Isis, and Nephthys. Osiris succeeded Ra as king of Egypt and married Isis, his sister. Their brother, Set, slew Osiris, who descended to preside over the land of the dead. The widow, Isis, called upon her brother, Horus, to destroy Set, which he did after many battles. Eventually, Osiris was resurrected. Utchat The word utchat, sometimes spelled udjat, refers to Egypt’s sacred eye symbol. The right eye is called the Eye of Ra, symbolizing the sun. The left is called the Eye of Thoth, symbolizing the moon."
},
{
"docid": "D2321504#0",
"title": "http://illuminatiwatcher.com/decoding-illuminati-symbolism-the-all-seeing-eye/\nDecoding Illuminati Symbolism: The All Seeing Eye and 666 Hand Gesture",
"text": "\"Home » Aliens and UFOs » Decoding Illuminati Symbolism: The All Seeing Eye and 666 Hand Gesture Posted By Isaac Weishaupton Aug 19, 2014 | 114 comments Hello and welcome to Illuminati Watcher.com- your home for conspiracy theories and exploring “Illuminati” symbolism. In this article we’ll take a journey into one of the most common forms of Illuminati symbolism and attempt to understand its origins. Some of the pieces to this puzzle fit together if you follow closely…The symbolism of the eye is referenced by practically every conspiracy theorist on the planet. Its prevalence in the world of entertainment and various forms of media begs for an interpretation and explanation. I’ve attempted to produce a succinct, yet thorough guidance into the various forms of the eye and the symbolism it represents. I’ll start off with one of the most ancient interpretations of the eye and the concept of a deity watching over us. The idea of an omnipresent being watching over us is referenced the Bible several times (1 Peter 3:12 and Proverbs 22:12) and this also includes the Biblical reference to The Watchers, aka the Nephilim. These were the hybrid offspring of extraterrestrials who were called the ‘sons of God’ in Genesis and the daughters of men at the time on Earth ( Ancient Aliens had an episode in season 6 called Alien Breeders that covers some of this). The Nephilim were said to be giants, approximately 300 cubits, or 450 feet tall, based on the translation of the Hebrew Bible and the Book of Enoch. Genesis 6: 1-4: Now it came about, when men began to multiply on the face of the land, and daughters were born to them, that the sons of God saw that the daughters of men were beautiful; and they took wives for themselves, whomever they chose."
},
{
"docid": "D1503121#0",
"title": "https://www.philadelphiafed.org/education/teachers/publications/symbols-on-american-money/\nSymbols on American Money",
"text": "\"Explore This Section Symbols on American Money Paper money has circulated in America at least as far back as colonial times. But how did American currency come to look the way it does? What do all the symbols on our money mean? Symbolism on the One Dollar Bill Look at the image of perhaps the world's most instantly recognizable paper money — the $1 U. S. Federal Reserve note. What does it mean to you? Despite our familiarity with this particular currency note, many of us have never looked closely at its design and symbolism. As you'll learn as you read on, American currency displays many significant symbols. Once you know what they mean, you may never look at your money in quite the same way.$1 Federal Reserve notes Perhaps the most universally renowned symbol to appear on American paper money is front and center on our $1 Federal Reserve notes. George Washington, our nation's first president, is a nationally recognized symbol of unity and trust. But he was not always there."
},
{
"docid": "D2225765#0",
"title": "http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/building/elements.htm\nArchitectural elements",
"text": "\"Architectural elements: Arches and vaults Architraves Corbels False Doors Flagpoles Foundations Friezes and cornices Gargoyles Obelisks Pavements Pillars Pylons Pyramidions Stairs Stelae Stylobates Trabeation Window of Appearances Search this site Site map Feedback Printout For best results save the whole page (pictures included) onto your hard disk, open the page with Word 97 or higher, edit if necessary and print. Architectural elements Arches and vaults Known at least since the 3rd dynasty, true arches were rarely used in early Ancient Egypt. Only when the building material was mud bricks and building corbelled vaults was impractical, were true arches erected. In Djoser's great mastaba a barrel-vault has been found. It was built with bricks wedged together and bonded from above with gravel and mortar. In the 12th dynasty pyramid at Hawara a brick arch almost a metre thick was erected above the rock burial chamber and passages, separating and supporting the upper part of the pyramid consisting of bricks laid in sand and a limestone covering, which has completely disappeared. It was only the Romans who succeeded in integrating arches and using them in a grand manner. Mud brick vaults at the Ramesseum Excerpt Source: ©John and Peggy Sanders Oriental Institute of the university of Chicago Doorways were generally built with stone lintels, though W. M. Flinders Petrie found evidence for arched doorways as well as for vaulted roofs made of bricks at the 12th dynasty city Hotep-Senusret. Bricks used in arches were thinner, lighter and at times wedge shaped. Holes scored into them with fingers during production improved their bonding together when they were laid. ["
},
{
"docid": "D1901327#0",
"title": "https://www.britannica.com/place/ancient-Egypt/The-Predynastic-and-Early-Dynastic-periods\nPredynastic Egypt",
"text": "The Predynastic and Early Dynastic periods Predynastic Egypt The peoples of predynastic Egypt were the successors of the Paleolithic inhabitants of northeastern Africa, who had spread over much of its area; during wet phases they had left remains in regions as inhospitable as the Great Sand Sea. The final desiccation of the Sahara was not complete until the end of the 3rd millennium bce; over thousands of years people must have migrated from there to the Nile valley, the environment of which improved as the region dried out. In this process the decisive change from the nomadic hunter-gatherer way of life of Paleolithic times to settled agriculture has not so far been identified. Sometime after 5000 bce the raising of crops was introduced, probably on a horticultural scale, in small local cultures that seem to have penetrated southward through Egypt into the oases and the Sudan. Several of the basic food plants that were grown are native to the Middle East, so the new techniques probably spread from there. No large-scale migration need have been involved, and the cultures were at first largely self-contained. The preserved evidence for them is unrepresentative because it comes from the low desert, where relatively few people lived; as was the case later, most people probably settled in the valley and delta. Egypt, ancient Sites associated with Egypt from Predynastic to Byzantine times. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Egypt, ancient Sites associated with Egypt from Predynastic to Byzantine times, Nile delta region. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Egypt, ancient Sites associated with Egypt from Predynastic to Byzantine times, Thebes region."
},
{
"docid": "D123812#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_did_the_Egyptians_build_pyramids\nWhy were the Egyptian pyramids built?",
"text": "\"Answer by Kkrockskk Confidence votes 208Pyramids were built in Ancient Egypt as tombs, or burial places, for Egyptian pharaohs, or kings. They believed that the pyramids made you immortal. The Ancient Egyptians believed in an afterlife, so it was very important to them to protect the bodies of their pharaohs. In order to keep the body of the pharaoh safe, the insides of the pyramids were like mazes with secret doors and dead-end passages. The pharaoh would be near the bottom or even underground. Other rooms contained things like jewelry and furniture that the Pharaoh might want in his next life (or afterlife). They built pyramids so that when they put the Mummies inside, they don't rot or get eaten by animals. They were also built so they could keep a lot more of the Mummie's treasure inside. the ancient egyptians are believed to be religious and honored their dead. The pharohs were honored by a wonder today called pyramids."
},
{
"docid": "D3085439#0",
"title": "https://www.quora.com/What-does-X-tattoo-mean\nWhat does X tattoo mean?",
"text": "\"Meaning (symbolism) Symbolism Tattooing Body Art Symbols Tattoos What does X tattoo mean?8 Answers Cassie Schmidt, I am a Licensed Professional Body Piercer Answered Jan 26, 2017 · Author has 134 answers and 310.1k answer views The symbolisms of an X is... X is a mark, an indicator, an identifier - one leaves their X mark as the signature of an illiterate or incapacitated - indicates where to sign on a form - marks the checkbox, the ballot. X=ten in Roman numerals - Mac OS X - used as a mark for scoring a strike in bowling where it has a value of ten X represents 24 in arcane use as the 24th letter of the alphabet. X is a symbol for multiplication. In a coordinate system, the x-axis is the horizontal of the x, y and z. X indicates added dimension, \"\"by\"\" as a 2x4. In Latin, “ex” means \"\"out of,\"\" as in Greek the preposition “ek” is “motion proceeding out from.” The state of being in the form of an X is called “decussation,” also an instance of crossing or the condition of being crossed in the form of an X. X marks the spot on a map, the final destination as treasure on a treasure map - map key symbol for a mountain - a defensive player in a football diagram X is the symbol of the sun god, a simple rayed sun or star - Osiris - Rx is Horus Eye, pharmacolgical prescription Although a pyramid is usually perceived as it is viewed from the side, with triangular faces, it forms an X in a box when viewed from above. An obelisk viewed from above also presents an X in a box because it is capped with the benben pyramid. A pyramid with a separate capstone can be considered a pair of them. This attribute that presents an X from the heavens may have something to say about why the X is a sign of the sun god. X is a Christogram, a symbol representing Christ as in Xmas, derived from the Greek letter chi that begins the word “christos.”"
},
{
"docid": "D469287#0",
"title": "http://www.wakingtimes.com/2013/03/15/ancient-sacred-sites-aligned-to-the-summer-solstice/\nAncient Sacred Sites Aligned to the Summer Solstice",
"text": "\"Ancient Sacred Sites Aligned to the Summer Solstice March 15, 2013338 1 6 26 0 Like Belsebuub & Angel Pritchard, Guest Writers Waking Times Some of the most famous ancient megalithic sites in the world align to the summer solstice – in numerous different cultures: Egyptian, Pagan, Mayan, Essene, Buddhist, Native American, and Easter Islander. Below are some examples. There are others, but there may be many more that have not yet been discovered. Sites such as the Great Pyramids and Easter Island, are speculated to be some of the most ancient in the known world, and to have links to the civilizations of Atlantis and possibly Lemuria. Others trace their lineage back to the original spiritual knowledge of the Mayans and ancient peoples of Britain. These sites indicate the existence of an ancient cosmic spirituality, sometimes referred to as ancient solar religions – some highly advanced in their technology and understanding of the cosmos. The summer solstice sun setting between the two Great Pyramids of Egypt, crowning the Sphinx in the foreground. The Great Pyramids ~ Egypt At the Great Pyramids of Egypt, when standing at the Sphinx, the sun on the summer solstice sets precisely between the two largest of the Great Pyramids. The sun’s descent between the two pyramids seems to enact the moment of creation where the sun emerged from between two mounds, but in reverse, perhaps signifying the return of the sun to the source of creation. The Osirieon ~ Egypt The temple of Osireion at Abydos in Egypt."
},
{
"docid": "D1928478#0",
"title": "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080506221035AAO3UPH\nWho designed the original dollar bill?",
"text": "\"Society & Culture Other - Society & Culture Who designed the original dollar bill? If that's the case, then why do they denounce the significance of the number 13? The number 13 embodies a key quality for the US, as it appears repeatedly in the Great Seal as well as being the number of original colonies. Throughout the seal the number 13 is used 13 times --- in the number of stars, clouds... show more2 following 5 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: You are correct.........no coincidence Take a moment, pull out a one-dollar bill and look at it. The one-dollar bill you’re looking at first came off the presses in 1957 in its present design. This so-called paper money is in fact a cotton and linen blend, with red and blue minute silk fibers running through it. It is actually material. We’ve all washed it without it falling apart. A special blend of ink is used, the contents we will never know. It is overprinted with symbols and then it is starched to make it water resistant and pressed to give it that nice crisp look."
},
{
"docid": "D2527264#0",
"title": "http://www.ancient-egypt-online.com/ancient-egyptian-pharaohs.html\nThe Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs",
"text": "Home The Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs The Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs Ancient Egyptian pharaohs were considered to be both divine deities as well as mortal rulers. Throughout the 30+ dynasties in ancient Egyptian history, it is speculated that some 170 or more rulers reigned over the great land of Egypt during a three thousand year time span. The throne of Egypt was primarily intended to be succeeded from father to son, however in many cases this line of kingship was interrupted by murder, mayhem and mysterious disappearances. Pharaohs were the god kings of ancient Egypt who ruled between 3150 B. C. and 30 B. C. (when Rome conquered Egypt). Each time a new family took control of the throne, a new kingdom began in the history of this fascinating nation. While rulers often intermarried with daughters, granddaughters, sisters and brothers to keep the throne within the family the throne still managed to shift hands multiple times; creating a dynamic and complex pharonic history. © Xuan Che - Pharaoh's Bust Definition: the word pharaoh refers to the title of the ancient Egyptian kings. The title “pharaoh” means the “great house” and refers to the royal palace. Thirty-one Dynasties ruled from the Early Dynastic Period to the Ptolemaic Period. Scholars also include a Dynasty 0 but any kings from this period are not well represented in the archaeological record."
},
{
"docid": "D2351869#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_is_an_illuminati_at_the_back_of_a_1_dollar_bill\nWhat is on the back of the 1 dollar bill?",
"text": "\"What is on the back of the 1 dollar bill? There is a Pyramid on the back of the 1 dollar bill and the Seal of the United States...durr.... and at the bottom on the pyramid there are some numbers. The numbers equal 1,1 …Greg S 18,409 Contributions What illustration is on the back of a US 1 dollar bill? The two main designs are the obverse and reverse of the Great Seal of the United States. Jay Kay 223,062 Contributions What is on the back center of a US 1 dollar bill? The word ONE in large letters with the motto In God We Trust above it. Some old bills (no longer used) dated 1935-G and all bills dated 1935-F and earlier don't carry the m …Jay Kay 223,062 Contributions What is the symbol on the back of the US 1 dollar bill? The symbol on the back of the U. S. dollar bill is the Great Seal of the United States. Here is the explanation provided by the Treasury Department: . The Great Seal of the …Madeleine Cooper 7 Contributions What is in the center of the back of a US 1 dollar bill?it is a NWhat is on the back of a US 1 dollar bill?"
},
{
"docid": "D632269#0",
"title": "https://art-educ4kids.weebly.com/egyptian-art.html\nWalk Like An EgyptianCreating An Egyptian Portrait",
"text": "\"Lesson Objectives: Do I understand how Egyptian language symbols represent words? Identifying Ourselves with Ancient Egyptian Cartouche Let's Take A Look! ! http://prezi.com/iaegrx1-kxju/untitled-prezi/Let's Refresh Our Memories!Key Words: Cartouche: An oval frame which is surrounded by a protective rope. This rope is said to possess a magical power to protect the name within it from evil spirits in present life and afterlife. Cartouche's were primarily used to house the names of Pharaoh's, Royals or Egyptian gods only. Cartouches are usually positioned vertically, however they can still be positioned horizontally if the hieroglyphics are longer and need to be repositioned. Hieroglyphics: (Otherwise known as Ancient Egyptian Language)Ancient Egyptian symbols which represent the letters in a name or word. When using hieroglyphics, you spell the word how it sounds, not how it is spelt. For example: The name \"\"Michael\"\", would be spelt as, \"\"M-I-K-L\"\". Hieroglyphs should be arranged to create interesting designs."
},
{
"docid": "D2147041#0",
"title": "https://sites.google.com/site/1ancientcivilizationsforkids/ancient-egypt\nNorth Africa Geography",
"text": "\"North Africa Geography North Africa's landscape is covered by the world's largest hot desert--the Sahara. This massive Arid climate makes it a strange place for a large population of people. Most of the Sahara is too harsh for people to live. The Nile Valley, coastal areas, and the rare oases (plural for oasis) provide the only places that can support life. An oasis is an area of natural water in a desert that allows plant life. The Nile is the world’s longest river. It flows north through the Sahara creating a long oasis in the desert eventually dumping into the Mediterranean Sea. The Nile’s water comes mainly from highland areas near the center of Africa that receives frequent rain, which flows north, downhill into the Nile. The Nile is divided into sections by cataracts. A cataract is a rocky area that creates a waterfall or rapids."
},
{
"docid": "D981571#0",
"title": "http://www.access2knowledge.org/history-politics/why-were-the-pyramids-built/\nWhy Were The Pyramids Built?",
"text": "Why Were The Pyramids Built? History & Politics Feb 28, 2014 0 2766More than any other artifact, the great pyramids of Egypt tell the story of one of the most extraordinary civilizations to have flourished in human history. Seemingly indestructible, brilliant and massive, they were known to the ancients as one of the Seven Wonders of the World, and are still known as such to this day. A Final Resting Place For The Pharoah The pyramids were built as tombs for the supreme pharaohs of the Old Kingdom, while serving as a manifesto of their power as living leaders. Commissioning a pyramid was a pharaoh’s way of planning for his death. It contained all the things he would need to make a smooth transition to the afterlife. Like the kings they housed, the pyramids played a central role in Egyptian religion. As rich symbols and master tools in a supernatural struggle to sustain life itself, these enormous stone monuments were a source of pride to the highly spiritual ancient Egyptians. Learn why the pyramids were built in the first place here: Background: The Deep and Generous Nile The oldest-known pyramid was commissioned by the first pharaoh of the Memphis period in celebration of the newly-consolidated early Egyptian state. In 3000 BCE, Upper and Lower Egypt joined to form a single polity with Memphis as its capital."
},
{
"docid": "D2746588#0",
"title": "https://sacredsites.com/africa/egypt/the_great_pyramid_of_giza.html\nThe Great Pyramid of Giza",
"text": "\"The Great Pyramid of Giza Pyramids of Giza, soaring above the city of Cairo, Egypt ( Enlarge)The Great Pyramid of Giza is the most substantial ancient structure in the world - and the most mysterious. According to prevailing archaeological theory - and there is absolutely no evidence to confirm this idea - the three pyramids on the Giza plateau are funerary structures of three kings of the fourth dynasty (2575 to 2465 BC). The Great Pyramid, attributed to Khufu (Cheops) is on the right of the photograph, the pyramid attributed to Khafra (Chephren) next to it, and that of Menkaura (Mycerinus) the smallest of the three. The Great Pyramid was originally 481 feet, five inches tall (146.7 meters) and measured 755 feet (230 meters) along its sides. Covering an area of 13 acres, or 53,000 square meters, it is large enough to contain the European cathedrals of Florence, Milan, St. Peters, Westminster Abbey and St. Paul's. Constructed from approximately 2.5 million limestone blocks weighing on average 2.6 tons each, its total mass is more than 6.3 million tons (representing more building material than is to be found in all the churches and cathedrals built in England since the time of Christ). The Great Pyramid was originally encased in highly polished, smooth white limestone and capped, according to legend, by a perfect pyramid of black stone, probably onyx. Covering an area of 22 acres the white limestone casing was removed by an Arab sultan in AD 1356 in order to build mosques and fortresses in nearby Cairo. Herodotus, the great Greek geographer, visited in the fifth century BC. Strabo, a Greco / Roman historian, came in the first century AD."
},
{
"docid": "D687725#0",
"title": "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-do-the-symbols-on-the-us-one-dollar-bill-mean.htm\nWhat do the Symbols on the US One-Dollar Bill Mean?",
"text": "\"There are a lot of myths and controversies surrounding the dollar bill. Urban legends tie the bill to the Masonic order, and some people will argue that the symbols on it reveal long-lost secrets of the country. The dollar went through many changes in size, color, and overall design. The first dollar note to be issued as a Legal Tender Note was created in 1862 and featured a portrait of Treasury Secretary Salmon P. Chase. The current design of the dollar, which is the one surrounded in mystery, wasn't printed until 1969. The main symbols on the dollar bill are the Great Seal of the United States, the unfinished pyramid, and the Eye of Providence. The all-seeing eye over the unfinished pyramid is supposed to portray the United States as a land continuously growing and far from finished, although some believe it indicates a connection to the Illuminati secret society. The bald eagle on the dollar bill is a symbol of victory and courage. The dollar bill also has many Latin phrases spread throughout. The main ones read: E Pluribus Unum: \"\"From many, one\"\"Novus Ordo Seclorum: \"\"A new order has begun\"\" or \"\"a new order for the ages\"\"Annuit Coeptis: \"\"God has favored our undertaking\"\"The number 13 plays an important role in the dollar bill, as it is the number of original colonies in the country."
},
{
"docid": "D1183883#0",
"title": "https://www.rd.com/culture/dollar-bill-symbols/\nPyramid",
"text": "Pyramidi Stock/Nik Waller The pyramid on the dollar bill represents strength and duration. Some interpret missing top as a sign that the country wasn’t finished yet. Similarly, the western face of the pyramid is in a shadow while the front is lighted, which some say indicates that the nation hadn’t explored the West or figured out what it would do for Western civilization yet. Don't miss these other mind-blowing meanings behind everyday objects. Eye above the pyramidi Stock/Banks Photos When Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and John Adams gathered to design the seal (they were the first of three committees to make suggestions), they didn’t suggest a pyramid, but they did discuss an eye. They wanted the seal to have a symbol of divine providence, and the all-seeing eye shaped like the top of the pyramid is an ancient symbol of divinity. Did you have any idea just how young all the founding fathers were when they started America? Letters on pyramid’s basei Stock/Niklas-Emmoth Across the bottom bricks of the pyramid are the letters “MDCCLXXVI.” These letters aren’t random gibberish—they’re the Roman numerals for 1776, the year America declared its independence. Did you know America actually became independent July 2?"
},
{
"docid": "D1415897#0",
"title": "https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikijunior:Ancient_Civilizations/Mayans\nWikijunior:Ancient Civilizations/Mayans",
"text": "\"< Wikijunior: Ancient Civilizations This is the latest reviewed version, checked on 25 May 2017. Quality: poor/unratednavigation search Temple of the Cross at Palenque in Southern Mexico. The Maya were a Mesoamerican civilization. They had the most advanced writing system in the Americas prior to European contact. They used sophisticated mathematic systems and had complex and useful cyclical calendars. Spectacular art and monumental architecture were two other notable accomplishments of this civilization. Contents1 What country did they live in?2 What did their buildings look like?2.1 Building Materials3 What did they eat?4 What did they wear?5 What did their writing look like?6 What did they believe?7 What is left of them today?7.1 People7.2 Cities8 Are some of them famous even today? What country did they live in? The ancient Mayans lived in what is now known as southern Mexico and northern Central America including Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Yucatán Peninsula and El Salvador. Their descendants still live there today, and many of them speak the Mayan languages."
},
{
"docid": "D3226217#0",
"title": "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_did_Egyptian_pyramids_symbolize\nWhat did Egyptian pyramids symbolize?",
"text": "\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History Ancient History Ancient Egypt Pyramids What did Egyptian pyramids symbolize? Flag What did Egyptian pyramids symbolize? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time.it was where treasure and kings were put in...it symbolized representation of the king1 person found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Where are the Egyptian pyramids? The ancient E gyptians built the pyramids where ever as long as it was in Egypt and on the west side of the Nile river. anywhere they could near a city named Giza west bank o …Victor Momanyi 17 Contributions What do Pyramids symbolize?the extreme power and force the pharaohs held over the Egyptian people Tlhc15 37 Contributions Why was the Egyptian pyramids pyramid shaped? Firstly, the pyramid shape represents the first land to appear at the beginning of time--the primordial mound, or the \"\"Ben-ben\"\". Secondly, the sloping sides of the pyramid sha …Colin969 41 Contributions Are the Egyptian pyramids a rectangle pyramid? Yes. They are rectangular pyramids."
}
] |
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