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If you're a Mason graduate student, it's quite possible you've heard the words StrengthsFinder uttered around campus from time to time. It's also possible that you've already taken the StrengthsFinder assessment. For those who haven't, the Gallup StrengthsFinder is a personality assessment, similar to the Myers-Briggs, that helps you identify your top areas of strength. Along with your strengths comes an explanation of each strength and how you might use it in everyday life. The assessment is free to all Mason students as part of the university's Well-Being Initiative.
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By: Fatmatta Sesay April 24, 2020 April 24, 2020
ARTS + CULTURE, HISTORY, POLITICS, RECENT POSTSAfroCaribbean, Black British, Black British History, Caribbean, history, Podcast, Windrush
Jaja Muhammad, formerly of BBC Africa and BBC Radio 4, produces and presents Generation Windrush, a two-part podcast documentary from Broccoli Content. Broccoli is a podcast production company that creates opportunities and gives a platform to diverse voices. The Windrush deportation scandal being close to her heart as a grand-daughter of Windrushers on both sides, Muhammad goes on a fact-finding mission to uncover what was really going on beyond the headlines.
GW speaks to people on the front lines including activists, immigration lawyers, and journalists who are at the heart of the issue. People such as Colin Grant – historian and author – and Allyson Williams MBE – a Windrusher from Trinidad who served the NHS as a midwife for 35 years. It passes the microphone to those who understand the Windrush and the scandal the most and gives them space to share their perspective. "If our history is not told, orally or visually, our history is lost. We have to honour them".
A documentary with no visuals adds an interesting angle but Muhammad believes it only adds to the impact, "…the voice has to grip you…These voices are part of the struggle". Jaja is an experienced storyteller with a light, upbeat voice, perfect for podcasting. And yes, its a serious subject but it's still easy listening, jumping from voice to voice and building up a picture of the community. This is not a documentary for people who love documentaries. This a podcast for everyone.
Generation Windrush has come at the right time. In March of this year, the Home Office released the Windrush Lessons Learned Review authored by an independent party that stated that the Home Office's behaviour towards the Windrush generation and their families was 'consistent with some elements of the definition of institutional racism'. The week it was published, Covid-19 was here and the world couldn't think or talk about anything else. The report was buried.
It's tragic. Most of us know that the Windrush generation came to the UK and worked in essential services like developing the NHS, transport, manufacturing, construction and more. Now their children and grandchildren are putting their lives on the line to carry out these fundamental jobs during a pandemic. Their contributions continue to be undervalued when historical archives such as landing cards and burned, citizenships are stripped and families ripped apart. The report says what we already knew but what action will be taken to fix what can still be fixed? Not much so far.
Meanwhile, children, grandchildren and great grandchildren of that generation are still on the frontline.
It's a community that gives and keeps on giving – in ways big and small.
"I think Caribbeans are influential in many ways…our slang, our cuisine, Carnival…the culture is ingrained into British culture now". Despite the hostile environment policies, most of us are here to stay.
It's why podcasts like Generation Windrush are so important. We need to hear directly from the elders and the community leaders and the experts. Maintaining history is important. Colin Grant, who is featured in the series calls storytelling 'an intergenerational conversation'. One of Muhammad's main aims for the documentary is that she wants people to start to share and listen to each other more. "How people connect with it is their prerogative". She just wants these people's stories listened to. Acknowledged. What you do with what you've learned is up to you.
Both parts of Generation Windrush are available to listen to now.
Posted by:Fatmatta Sesay
Manny Norte release "4am" alongside Tion Wayne, Rema, 6Lack
South-London songstress BINA makes her mark on the BRAP Live stage
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We've done the legwork for you and have gathered the best background check services of 2019. In today's ever-increasing global workforce, background checks are becoming more important and necessary to the hiring and recruiting process. Great online tools are not just limited to employee management or recruitment assessment tools, and quality and effective employee management can start from the most simple background assessment.
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Truth Finder is a background check company offering all you need to know and more about potential hires. With its public records search function, your hiring team and research social, background checks, civil judgments, contact information and more. This is definitely a one stop shop tool.
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EBI (employee background investigations) differs from the other platforms mentioned up until this point as EBI provides (in addition to background checks) drug testing, occupational health screening, and electronic form I-9. EBI also boasts pre-built ATS integrations, making this a wonderful easy-to-use tool for any human resources team.
FIrst Point offers innovative solutions to information and operation services. FirstPoint has friendly representatives (humans, and not computers/chat bots) available to assist your hiring team with any questions. First Point's objective is to not just provide information, but to authenticate that information and to help you choose the information that's right for your needs.
What makes Global Backgrounds different is the ability to provide both local and international background checks and information. Global Backgrounds' excellent record of due diligence services can also be leveraged as a vital and necessary part of any internal operations risk management system.
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Nicholas Fondacaro
Deputy Managing Editor
Nets' Portland Coverage Evaporates After Antifa Attempted to MURDER Agents
July 23rd, 2020 9:02 PM
Wednesday night saw a major escalation in the conflict at the federal courthouse in Portland, Oregon as Antifa terrorists and rioters barricaded federal agents inside the building and tried to set the building ablaze. It was a provocation that could have killed the untold number of agents in the building. Luckily, Antifa failed. But during the Thursday evening newscasts of ABC, CBS, and NBC, the Portland coverage largely evaporated, with only NBC Nightly News daring to downplay the attempted murder.
While the CBS Evening News completely blacked out the violence of the extremist mob, ABC anchor David Muir gave it a speedy 28-second news brief during World News Tonight. Of course, he focused on radical Mayor Ted Wheeler (D) joining the rioters on the frontlines, and hyping how a plume of tear gas wafted in his direction.
"Mayor Ted Wheeler outside the federal courthouse with hundreds of protesters, suddenly engulfed by thick tear gas," Muir claimed. He then boosted Wheeler's ridiculous assertion that what they were witnessing was "flat-out urban warfare," and added: "he saw nothing to provoke that kind of response."
But Muir immediately proved he and the Mayor were lying, inadvertently admitting: "Protesters setting off fireworks and ripping down protective fencing." Though, he failed to note the attempted murder and the fact Wheeler was also assailed by the rioters.
The pearl-clutching over Wheeler's getting tear-gassed was a feature of NBC's reporting as well.
After noting that peaceful "protesters" had "stormed the federal courthouse" while shooting flares and fireworks (no mention of the rocks and bricks getting thrown, nor the attempts to maim officers by permanently blinding them with powerful lasers), correspondent Erin McLaughlin reported: "Federal agents respond with tear gas. Portland police declared a riot. Among those gassed, Portland's Democratic mayor."
To her credit, McLaughlin did admit that "Wheeler, who's also Portland's police commissioner, was booed by protesters, who criticized his leadership of Portland's police." But she refused to mention that the Portland police had been barred from helping the federal agents even in life-threatening situations, and played a soundbite of Wheeler calling the federal presence in the city "the Trump administration's occupation."
McLaughlin also boosted the comments of one rioter (though she called them a peaceful "protester"), who was arrest outside the courthouse. "I want to be cared for by members of my own community. We have very little need for policing.' We need community services," the woman, Jennifer Lynn Kristiansen told NBC in an annoyingly condescending tone.
But what McLaughlin failed to mention, was that Kristiansen was a Portland-area lawyer who had been charged with assaulting a federal agent. Here's her booking information and mugshot.
McLaughlin still has yet to correct the record and note that the so-called "Portland Moms" she touted earlier in the week have been videotaped taking part in trying to break into the courthouse.
This cover-up of attempted murder by Antifa terrorists was made possible because of lucrative sponsorships from Purina on ABC and Walmart on NBC. They're contact information is linked if you want to let them know what you think about that. And CBS Evening News has asked viewers to "Text Norah" at this number: (202) 217-1107.
The transcripts are below, click "expand" to read:
ABC's World News Tonight
6:43:13 p.m. Eastern
DAVID MUIR: And next, to the chaos in Portland, Oregon. The mayor now tear-gassed by federal officers during a protest. Mayor Ted Wheeler outside the federal courthouse with hundreds of protesters, suddenly engulfed by thick tear gas. The mayor now calling it "flat-out urban warfare," telling The New York Times, he saw nothing to provoke that kind of response. Protesters setting off fireworks and ripping down protective fencing. President Trump also announcing a surge of federal officers to other U.S. cities, he says to fight crime, over the objections of many mayors.
NBC Nightly News
LESTER HOLT: This evening the Justice Department inspector general has opened an investigation into the use of force by federal agents in Portland, Oregon. As that city's mayor found himself in the middle of new violent clashes. More from Erin McLaughlin.
[Cuts to video]
ERIN MCLAUGHLIN: Overnight in Portland, protesters stormed the federal courthouse. Some launching flairs and fireworks over the sealed barricade. Federal agents respond with tear gas. Portland police declared a riot. Among those gassed, Portland's Democratic mayor.
MAYOR TED WHEELER (D): I want to thank the thousands of you who've come out to oppose the Trump administration's occupation of our city.
MCLAUGHLIN: But Ted Wheeler, who's also Portland's police commissioner was booed by protesters, who criticized his leadership of Portland's police. Last night's clashes just the latest since federal agents arrived here to protect federal property. After over 50 days of protests that have included violence against police and looting.
CHAD WOLF (acting DHS secretary): We have the authority to make arrests on individuals that are targeting that courthouse.
MCLAUGHLIN: But late today, the Justice Department's inspector general announced he'll review use of force complaints against federal personnel here. Protester Jennifer Kristiansen was arrested by federal agents. Like Wheeler, she wants them out.
JENNIFER LYNN KRISTIANSEN: I want to be cared for by members of my own community. We have very little need for "policing." We need community services.
[Cuts back to live]
MCLAUGHLIN: The inspector general is not only reviewing what happened here in Portland but also the federal response to protesters in Washington, D.C. Lester?
HOLT: All right. Erin, thanks.
Bias by Omission
Protesters
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In fixing goal-scoring woes, Coyotes will look to multiple factors
By Matt Layman | April 15, 2019 at 6:12 am
UPDATED: April 15, 2019 at 10:04 am
Head coach Rick Tocchet of the Arizona Coyotes reacts on the bench during the NHL game against the Winnipeg Jets at Gila River Arena on February 24, 2019 in Glendale, Arizona. The Coyotes defeated the Jets 4-1. (Photo by Christian Petersen/Getty Images)
GLENDALE, Ariz. — The 2018-19 Coyotes season will be remembered as the year defense and goaltending helped carry the team to late-season playoff contention. They were so close, and fans loved them for the effort.
But as memorable as that will be, the offense was forgettable, if not unusual: Arizona had a whopping 11 players score double-digit goals, but the co-leading goal-scorers were Alex Galchenyuk (a former 30-goal scorer) and Brad Richardson (a 14-year veteran with 100 goals for his career), who tied with 19 each.
Nobody reached the 20-goal mark, the first time in franchise history that's happened, apart from the lockout-shortened 2012-13 season. The Coyotes finished 28th in the NHL with 209 goals scored, tied with Dallas and ahead of Los Angeles and Anaheim.
The league average goals per game was 2.98. Arizona went 34-4-1 in games they scored three goals or more, and 5-31-7 in games they scored two or fewer.
With 2 starting goalies, Coyotes have a luxury for 2019-20 season
Arizona Coyotes to select 14th in 2019 NHL Draft
Dissatisfying as 2018-19 was, Coyotes' season showed progress
Chayka: Offensive production needs to improve for Coyotes next season
"I think to understand what we need to do to improve is pretty simple: we need to score more goals," GM John Chayka said. "I think any time someone's going through and trying to diagnose what you need to do to take that next step, that's not the complicated part, or complex part. What I think we need to understand and work through is, how do we score more goals? How do we create more offense, while maintaining that fundamental foundation of being a good, stingy defensive team?"
The bright side is the Coyotes were very good defensively, finishing sixth in fewest goals against and tied for first in penalty kill percentage. The Coyotes will look to maintain that but still find a way to put pucks in the net, and improve a power play that scored 16.3 percent of the time — the sixth-worst in the NHL.
Assistant coach John MacLean said that having so many injuries this past season created issues with slotting players into their appropriate spots in the lineup and on special teams.
"Trust me, the power play's nothing to hang your hat on this year, for sure," he said. "But it's there and you can see it, it's just kind of getting those guys in the right positions to succeed, and that's no different than anything else: penalty kill, power play, 5-on-5, so that's something we'll have to look at and work on."
ADDING A SCORER
It's fun to speculate who the Coyotes may or may not target, but there are lots of variables in the market and other teams vying for players' services. Even Chayka himself, when asked whether he saw trades or free agency as a more viable option for adding pieces this offseason, said he wasn't sure.
"I think, in order for us to be a team that takes the next step and contend, we will need some external help and that's what we'll look to do," Chayka said. "Whether that's trade or free agency, at this stage, I don't know."
(AP Photo/Jeffrey T. Barnes)
Every team would love to add a goal-scorer, and the Coyotes might be at the top of the list of teams who would really benefit from the services of free agents like Buffalo's Jeff Skinner, who scored 40 goals this season. But with talent comes a high cost of acquisition, and Skinner might be prohibitively expensive.
Chayka addressed the matter of financial resources and ownership last week (president and CEO Ahron Cohen said the team is still exploring potential outside investors, but ownership change isn't imminent):
"My job as the GM is to take the resources available to us and allocate them as efficiently as possible," Chayka said. "And, can we continue to do a better job of that? There's a lot of teams that finished below us that spent a lot more money than we have. I don't think it's just a resource problem in that sense, or just a capital problem. I think there's opportunity for us to continue to grow and get better and add to our group and that's my focus."
A 40-goal scorer would be a big get for any team, but forwards who scored closer to 20 goals this season will also be hitting unrestricted free agency, like Jordan Eberle (19 goals), Gustav Nyquist (21 goals) or Brock Nelson (25 goals). Those players would be more affordable for any team, Arizona or otherwise.
Trading for players is another option. Last offseason, the Coyotes traded for Galchenyuk and Vinnie Hinostroza, for example.
"Everybody wants somebody," MacLean said. "But it's also the pieces that fit into the puzzle. That's John [Chayka] and upper management. Us, we get who we have. The guys that we get, we have to figure out ways to put them in a position to succeed."
INTERNAL POTENTIAL
Ultimately, the players the Coyotes already have in place will be critical for getting things right offensively. Head coach Rick Tocchet said as much when listing a variety of ways the Coyotes can score more goals in 2019-20.
"Well, I think coming in healthy is going to add some stuff," he said. "I think some guys that did not have a good year are going to play better.
"Obviously we're going to talk about outside help, whether it's free agency or trades or whatever, we've got to get it done. We know we have to get scoring, but there is scoring in here that we know we have some guys that can score. And we've got to maximize those guys, for sure."
The team expressed its belief in Galchenyuk and Nick Schmaltz, two players acquired since the end of last season who have shown flashes of scoring potential at the NHL level. Galchenyuk had 30 goals in Montreal in 2015-16, and Schmaltz had 21 goals in 2017-18 with the Blackhawks. Keller had 23 goals a year ago but only 14 in 2018-19.
"Again, I sound like a broke record, but I still think that we've got guys," Chayka said. "Galchenyuk has scored 30 goals, Michael Grabner scored 30 goals before. Clayton Keller scored [23]. We got Nick Schmaltz, he didn't play a ton for us, but he's a 20-plus goal scorer. Derek Stepan's a 20-plus goal scorer."
Because of injuries, the Coyotes didn't see their full core of offensive players on the ice together much at all this season. Galchenyuk played 72 games, but was hurt to start the year and missed part of training camp. And all of the players that Chayka listed with the exception of Keller were injured for part of the season.
(Photo by Christian Petersen/Getty Images)
"I think there's a number of players that offensively, can perform better, should have performed better," Chayka said. "We gotta do a deep dive here, and what is the impact of the injuries, not only in terms of man games lost, but chemistry? Put together lineups that are able to produce more offense. How much potential is there in young players and their development, and their trajectory?
"You go down the list and obviously, the [Christian] Dvoraks and the [Christian] Fischers and the younger guys come and we feel like there are opportunities for guys to produce more. Whether they can or whether they get there, those are things we're gonna have to discuss and address and understand."
COACHING ADJUSTMENTS
Part of the equation could just be as simple as the coaching staff pushing the right buttons.
"I think myself as a coach has to come up with new ideas," Tocchet said. "The power play's got to get better. I've got to get some confidence in some guys. And that's over the summer. And that's my job. I'll be in contact with a lot of guys. I've got some out-of-the-box thinking for some of these guys."
Merely getting adjusted to the 5-on-5 system put in place by Tocchet, though, shouldn't be an issue; MacLean even said there's not as much focus on that anymore with the same players being around Tocchet for two years now.
Tocchet and MacLean both pointed to the defensive effort by the whole team as one thing that can't change in their effort to produce more in the offensive zone. And of course, the fewer goals you allow, the fewer you need to score.
"I like this team," Tocchet said. "We can win 2-1. And we're going to have to win 5-4 some nights, too. That has to be in your DNA. So I don't think I'm going to devise a system: 'Oh, we're just going to score more but we're going to sacrifice our defensive play,' no.
"Now, do you activate the D a little bit more because our system's a little bit different? Yeah, I can tweak certain things. But I'm not going to tweak our identity because I'm trying to get a guy 30 goals. That won't happen. For sure. But if you defend well, you'll get the puck more, and that means you'll transpire to more chances."
MacLean lauded the team for playing "the right way" in 2018-19.
"Would we be having the same conversation if we were 20 points out and guys scored more goals?" he said. "So, it's a learning process as well, being on the right side, knowing that those opportunities come, how to handle those opportunities, be ready to shoot, whether it's when to pass and when to shoot, but you're playing the game the right way.
"To me, it's a learning process they've gone through and had to go through, and now, I think the expectations will be for them to carry that experience with them into next year."
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Proposal to Implement Internet Protocol Version Four (IPv4)
IPv4 The purpose of this paper is to present a proposal to implement Internet Protocol version four (IPv4) also known as Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) structure as our primary means of communication within our network infrastructure. We are currently using a legacy mainframe system that limits are current means of network connectivity with other evolving network systems and it is in our best interest that we look into the future as well as keep up with changing times as Information Technicians. I will present a detailed analysis of the TCP/IP brief history, understanding of IPv4 addresses, subnetting, configuration, and the benefits of using the TCP/IP structure. This will greatly increase the overall success rate of our business Analysis Our current network infrastructure is using a legacy mainframe system and our collective knowledge as a staff is limited to this network suite only. This is devastating to the productivity and the overall communication of our organization. It is imperative that we expand our horizons, learn and implement newer technologies. This will collectively increase our knowledge of information technologies as a whole. Also, this will allow us to be competitive with many other organizations using newer computer systems which are currently using the latest version of the Internet protocol. Proposed solution The latest version of the Internet protocol which we should be implemented is IPv4, also known as the TCP/IP structure. The reason why IPv4 is referred to as TCP/IP for the first two main protocols, out of its suite of protocols, which were developed by United States Defense Advanced Research Project Agency, also known as DARPA around the 1970s (Kozierok, 2005). ... ... middle of paper ... ...ge with current technologies. Works Cited Hamarsheh, A., Goossens, M., & Al-Qerem, A. (2012). Assuring Interoperability Between Heterogeneous (IPv4/IPv6) Networks Without using Protocol Translation. IETE Technical Review, 29(2), 114-132. doi:10.4103/0256-4602.95384 ITS405-Module1: IPv4. (2013). Retrieved November 2013, from https://csuglobal.blackboard.com/bbcswebdav/courses/KEY_ITS405/courseModules_winter2013a/ITS405_1/its405_1.html#page-all Kozierok, C. (2005). The TCP/IP Guide - TCP/IP Overview and History. Retrieved November 2013, from http://www.tcpipguide.com/free/t_TCPIPOverviewandHistory.htm Parker, T., & Siyan, K. (2002). TCP/IP Layers and Protocols | Overview of TCP/IP | InformIT. Retrieved November 2013, from http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=28782&seqNum=3 TestOut LabSim. (2013). Retrieved November 2013, from http://labsim.testout.com/
Explains the purpose of the paper, which is to present a proposal to implement internet protocol version four (ipv4) as our primary means of communication within our network infrastructure.
Opines that it is imperative to expand our horizons, learn and implement newer technologies, which will collectively increase our knowledge of information technologies as a whole.
Explains that ipv4 is referred to as tcp/ip for the first two main protocols developed by darpa around the 1970s.
Explains how to understand an ip address's classes, how many addresses are needed, and its intended use. the table displays the ip default classes with their identified ranges and default subnet mask.
Explains that ip classes a through c are typically used for commercial or business use and can support up to an array of number of hosts.
Explains how tcp/ip can be configured using dynamic host configuration protocol (dhcp) and automatic private ip addressing.
Opines that ipv4 can only boost and make our organization effective within network communication. it makes us competitive with our competitors and other growing industries in our community.
Explains hamarsheh, goossens, & al-qerem, assuring interoperability between heterogeneous ipv4/ipv6 networks without using protocol translation.
Opines that ipv4 is the widely used ip version of communication amongst systems and the newer technology that is currently out there is something not to worry.
Cites kozierok, c., and siyan, k. (2002). tcp/ip layers and protocols | overview | informit.
The Evolution of TCPIP and The Internet
The Evolution of TCPIP and The Internet The Evolution of TCP/IP (and the Internet) While the TCP/IP protocols and the Internet are different, their evolution are most definitely parallel. This section will discuss some of the history. Prior to the 1960s, what little computer communication existed comprised simple text and binary data, carried by the most common telecommunications network technology of the day; namely, circuit switching, the technology of the telephone networks for nearly a hundred years. Because most data traffic transmissions occur during a very short period of time, circuit switching results in highly inefficient use of network resources.
Explains that the nsf is only funding four such naps (chicago, new york, san francisco, and washington, d.c.).
Describes the very high speed backbone network service, a network interconnecting the naps and nsf-funded centers, operated by mci.
Explains the evolution of the tcp/ip protocols and the internet.
Argues that osi vs. tcp/ip debate isn't the purpose of this memo to take a position in the debate.
Within the last five years, businesses have begun to need to share data across wide areas. This has prompted efforts to convert principally LAN-based protocols into WAN-friendly protocols. The result has spawned an entire industry of consultants who know how to manipulate routers; gateways and networks to force principally broadcast protocols across point-to-point links. Frequently the protocol of choice has been TCP/IP which is also the primary protocol run on the Internet. The emerging ubiquitous ness of TCP/IP allows companies to interconnect with each other via private networks as well as through public networks.
Explains how telnet and ftp allow remote users to attempt to connect to remote sites with a unique port number. modern routers and firewalls support dynamically allowing external connections to pass through.
Explains the importance of network security, transit security and traffic regulation, and the need to ensure that the hosts that receive information will properly process it.
Explains that while both significantly affect traffic going to and from a site, their objectives are quite different.
Explains that computers have been a crucial element in how we entertain and educate ourselves, and most importantly, our business. the emerging ubiquitous ness of tcp/ip allows companies to interconnect with each other via private networks.
Explains that there are no systems in wide use that will keep data secure as it transits a public network.
Explains that traffic regulation is the most common form of network security on the internet today. it provides a screen between hosts and remote sites.
Explains how a router can dynamically add entire sets of route filters for remote sites, thwarting automated attacks. firewalls run applications like mail daemons and ftp servers.
Wgu Ipv4 Task 1
The internet is a collection of many different networks (autonomous systems), each having their own routing and packet processing capabilities. IPv4 is a protocol that allows these different autonomous systems to communicate and provide a mechanism to fragment and reassemble packets if needed.
Explains that when the packet sent is too large to fit through the network, we need some way to handle this issue.
Explains that within the ip header, there are three fields that are of concern when discussing ip fragmentation.
Explains that the 16-bit field contains a unique number used to identify the frame and any associated fragments for reassembly.
Explains the flags that indicate whether fragmentation has been employed, additional fragments are coming, or if it is the final fragment.
Explains that the last fragment is the last piece of the fragment.
Explains the fragmentation offset, which indicates the position of a particular fragment's data in relation to the first byte of data.
Explains that when routers receive a packet which is too large, they begin fragmentation by splitting the packet into pieces. the router copies the ip header to all of the different pieces so that each piece has the same identifying information.
Explains reassembly, where the receiving host reassembles all of the pieces together when they have all made it through the network. the device receiving the data detects the flag field set to "more fragments."
Explains ip forwarding, also known as internet routing, is used to forward packets between connected networks. tcp/ip-based networks use routing information to make decisions.
Explains that human configures routes manually. a static routing table is manually created, maintained, and updated by a network administrator.
Explains that a static route to every network must be configured on every router for full connectivity, but becomes impractical on large networks.
Explains that static routing is not fault-tolerant and inflexible, and it cannot accommodate network failures and changes in network topology.
Explains that a dynamic routing table is created, maintained, and updated by routing protocols running on the router.
Explains that routers share dynamic routing information with each other, which increases cpu, ram, and bandwidth usage. however, routing protocols are capable of dynamically choosing a different (or better) path when there is change to the routing infrastructure.
Opines that the "best route" is in the hands of the routing protocol, and not the network administrator.
Explains that rip is a dynamic, distance vector routing protocol and was developed for smaller ip based networks.
Explains periodic updates – updates other routers by multicasting the entire routing table.
Explains that rip chooses the path through 56kbps link as the shortest path since the hop count is only one. the alternative path provides a minimum bandwidth of 1mbps, though it uses two links.
Explains that the maximum number of hops is limited to 15 so a hop count of 16 is considered infinite.
Explains what is internet protocol version 4 (ipv4)? - definition from techopedia.
Explains that the internet is a collection of many different networks (autonomous systems), each having their own routing and packet processing capabilities.
Explains that the shortest hop count to reach apple.com website from home is the middle route.
Explains the address resolution protocol (arp) used by the internet protocol (ip), specifically ipv4, to map ip network addresses to hardware addresses using a data link protocol.
The Secure Socket Shell (SSH)
TCP, or transmission control protocol, is one of the most fundamental aspects of guaranteed information transfer on the Internet. As the fourth layer in the OSI model, the TCP protocol ensures that all data sent from one IP address is, in fact, received by another IP address. If a packet did not make it the recipient IP, TCP would call for the packet to be sent again, until confirmation of reception. It is due to these reasons that TCP grants the user the capability of providing stream based transfer of data reliably.
Explains that tcp, or transmission control protocol, is one of the most fundamental aspects of guaranteed information transfer on the internet.
Explains that secure socket shell (ssh) is a unx-based protocol that allows users to securely gain access to remote computers.
Describes the 1988 ripv1 protocol, which uses classful routing and a router hop count as routing metric. it sends copies of routes to neighbors every 30 seconds.
Explains that portmap converts tcp/ip protocol port numbers into rpc program numbers, making dynamic binding of protocols possible.
Explains that ospf is a router protocol that is used in preference to the ripv1 protocol.
Describes the network file system (nfs), a protocol that provides for transparent remote access to shared files across the network. it uses tcp/ip to send and receive files.
Explains that mount is separate from, but related to, the nfs protocol as an operating system-specific service. it is used in network file systems (nfs) to look up server pathnames, validation of user identity, and checking access permissions.
Explains the domain name system protocol, a hierarchical distributed naming system used to resolve store information about domain names like ip addresses, mail servers, etc.
Explains that arp is used to map an ip address to a physical machine (i.e. ethernet) address that has been recognized in the local network.
Nt1310 Unit 3 Assignment Analysis
There are many protocols used in computing and networks, and several models are used to help understand the way networks communicate.
Explains that you need to explain how networks communicate and provide a written explanation of the following in your own words.
Recommends producing a word-processed training manual which covers the points outlined above.
Explains that they are required to create a short training manual for others about networks and communication protocols as part of their new position.
Explains that there are many protocols used in computing and networks, and several models are used to help understand the way networks communicate.
Nt1330 Unit 3 Assignment 1 Term Paper
Concept learnt: The TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOOL(TCP) protocol where the main idea is to bound the packets in datagrams. Gateway computers read only the delivery information but not the content. TCP helped in combining networks into networks of networks. A separate protocol was initiated, which was initiated for routing , called INTERNET PROTOCOL(IP). Later he combined both the protocols and named it as
Explains that since the file is sent as one big message, there will be no queuing delay i.e. 0
Explains the time taken to send the file as one big message =transmission delay + propagation delay+ queiuing delay and processing delay.
Explains that it results in maximum amount of data which is not acknowledged but transmitted.
Explains that two routers are placed between hosts a and b, r1 and r2, each with data link of 1mbps.
Describes the time taken to send the file from host a to host b when two routers are present between them.
Explains that ad-hoc networks are mobile nodes forming the network, and latin means "for this purpose".
Explains that larry roberts is the father of arpanet, which is one of the earliest packet switching method and the first network to implement tcp/ip protocol.
Explains that he is known as the father of the internet and co-founder of tcp/ip protocol.
Mills, D. (2010) Network Time Protocol Version 4: Protocol and Algorithms Specification. Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5905.txt [Accessed 15 March 2014]
Explains that the internet is a global system of interconnected networks that serve several billion of users worldwide.
Explains that ntp was designed by david mills for clock synchronisation in a large, diverse internet system operating at speeds from mundane to light wave.
Explains that ntp synchronises computer clocks to an ensemble of sources, either local via a satellite, radio or telephone modem service or remote via the internet.
Explains ntp's returnable time architecture, where server clocks operate in a hierarchical, master-slave configuration also known as stratum levels.
Explains that ntp is a program, service, and daemon that exchanges time between servers and clients and algorithms that process the time values to advance or delay the system clock.
Explains that all primary and secondary servers must deliver accurate local time even when leap seconds are inserted into utc.
Explains that the synchronisation subnet must survive even under extreme demands from the network where connectivity may be lost for days. diverse transmission paths, redundant time servers and a dynamically reconfigurable architecture are required.
Opines that ntp must provide update information at sufficient rates to compensate for the probable drift of room-temperature quartz oscillators used for normal computer clocks.
Opines that security requirements must include cryptographic security against accidental or wilful intrusion. means must be available to securely identify and authenticate servers and protect against masquerade.
Cites cia the world factbook and mills, d. internet time synchronization: the network time protocol.
Cites windl, u. and dalton, d. (2006) understanding and using the network time protocol.
IPv6 and You
The internet is a relatively new system, and like all systems it occasionally needs to change to properly function and anticipate difficulties in the future. In this case it would be the aging IPv4 internet protocol and its inability to meet the coming demands. The internet is growing larger, and larger everyday, and IPv6 will assure that it can grow even larger; larger than comprehension. A Cisco report (T. Hain) expects available IP address to run out within 4-5 years. In order for the internet to continue to grow, and acquire new domains a transition to this new protocol is necessary. It was created specifically for this issue, it is almost invisible to most users and it offers unprecedented potential to companies and people who currently lack internet access.
Explains that the internet is a relatively new system, and like all systems, it occasionally needs to change to properly function and anticipate difficulties in the future.
Explains that ipv6 is a definite system to fix this and an opportunity to streamline the addressing system.
Explains that ipv6 is completely invisible to most people, and that it's a major hurdle for any developing technology.
Explains that ipv6 has implications for increasing the number of people the internet can reach, and fixes a lot of security and usability issues.
Opines that ipv6 is a necessary adaptation that needs to happen for the internet to stay how it is today.
Cites s.h. gunderson's ripe 57, which measures the current state of ipv6 for ordinary users.
Explains that more macs mean higher ipv6 usage in us. hain, cisco systems, tony, bechtel well positioned to serve customers by using microsoft and cisco
Ipv4 Final Paper
1. Why might IPv6 be a business continuity issue for organizations? In order to find the root cause of why IPv6 is needed one must look at what is currently being used and why it needs to be replaced. The definition of IPv4 as listed in Techopedia is "fourth revision of the IP and a widely used protocol in data communication over different kinds of networks. IPv4 is a connectionless protocol used in packet-switched layer networks, such as Ethernet. It provides the logical connection between network devices by providing identification for each device. There are many ways to configure IPv4 with all kinds of devices including manual and automatic configurations depending on the network type" (Techopedia, 2015). IPv4 is the current Internet Protocol
Explains that ipv6 is a connectionless protocol used in packet-switched layer networks, such as ethernet.
Explains how sony's ipv4 enterprise network was restricting the productivity of its workers.
Explains that duplicate ip addresses caused major problems within the sony group, such as traffic routing conflicts and traffic jams.
Opines that sony decided to run both protocols on its network because it was required to continue running their current legacy devices and apps, these devices only ran on ipv4.
Explains the strategic benefit of sony's ipv6 implementation.
Recommends doing research to determine the accuracy of this prediction. today, almost everything on the internet is reachable over ipv4.
Opines that the need for ipv6 is imperative to support the current mobile devices being used. the current systems that support mobile 3g/4g are an indication of what is needed for the future.
Explains that japan was lagging behind in internet reachability. japan also provided tax incentives to companies that started to use this new internet protocol, which sony was one of the first.
A Research on Wireless Sensor Netwroks
The requirement of the study is to maintain accuracy and reliability of the routing path chosen for transferring messages between two hosts.
Explains that wireless sensor networks performance is parameter dependent and engrosses substitution between parameters. subsequent parameters in wsn show gap in the available knowledge.
Explains that data collected by sensor must be driven to the gateway of the system with superior probability of success, since ineffective transmission could hold back the right implementation of control actions or judgments.
Explains that time delay forms a significant qos extent since it weighs on the performance and stability of the system.
Explains the need for energy-efficient process for qos strictures, such as low delay, high reliability, and energy utilization, to accomplish energy requirements in wsn.
Explains wsn's real-time and event-based signals are used by controllers to formulate choices with out a time deadline.
Explains how to identify that a given path between source and sink is shortest path.
Explains how complexity can be given a mathematical form and effect of complexity on power. combining constraints in an algorithm gives rise to the complexity of the system.
Explains wireless sensor networks (wsns) are small intelligent sensing devices that can be applied in purpose like wireless communication, control, actuation, and monitoring. they are particularly attractive for industrial applications.
Explains that wireless sensor networks (wsn) have found applications in a lot of situations, like surroundings observation and forecasting system, battleground monitoring, territory monitoring and weather conditions detection.
Explains the objective of the project is to design an energy saving, shortest path and minimum hop algorithm.
Explains that the network working must acclimatize to alter in application necessities time-varying wireless channels and changing network topology. the communication protocol should become accustomed to convince the specific needs of the control actions.
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I never put much stock in the whole Nature vs. Nurture debate as much as I did after I had kids. It was immediately apparent to me that these kids simply were who they were. Their parenting was the same, after all, even though I was a bit older the second time around.
My eldest was always easy to please as a child, was happiest when making others happy, set (and accomplished) admirable goals, but was never much interested in babies. My younger daughter was so different: not easily content, very fiesty and a true tester of limits (especially mine!) – except when it came to younger or differently-abled kids. In those cases my younger daughter was always all patience and kindness.
I wasn't surprised when my younger daughter was paired in Kindergarten with a differently-abled student as a "Fitness Friend", after watching her play with her younger cousins with such enchantment. Fitness Friends assist each other in gym class and make sure everyone's included in games at recess. Katherine always spoke of her Fitness Friend with sweetness and included her on birthday invitation lists. Year after year, Katherine was placed in the same class as the student.
I'm pleased her inclusiveness is the first things teachers will tell me about her, and I can't wait to see what my fiesty, bright, and caring daughter will do next.
Tags: bullying, friends, self-esteem, younger daughter | Permalink.
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Brian Alletto is a senior architect in the Security and Infrastructure practice at West Monroe Partners, with over 14 years of experience designing, building, and supporting server, storage, and network infrastructures that enable clients' business goals . His recent project experience includes infrastructure virtualization and cloud architecture designs for a range of clients and industries.
Brian works with clients across a diverse range of industries, including financial services, private equity, manufacturing, and professional services to harness technology to drive business performance and advantage. He has successfully implemented many network and server infrastructure technologies, including server and desktop virtualization, storage area networks, network management, and various Microsoft technologies.
Brian's deep technology skills including server virtualization experience using both the VMWare and Microsoft virtualization platforms, in environments of varying scope and size. He has successfully implemented shared storage systems from a variety of vendors, including NetApp, EMC, Equallogic, Nimble, and Lefthand.
Before joining West Monroe Partners in 2007, Brian worked over five years as a network engineer for Katten Muchin Rosenman, LLP, a 1600-person law firm with offices in the United States and United Kingdom. He was responsible for the design, implementation, and administration of various server and network computer systems and applications. He began his career as an experienced consultant in the Advanced Technology Group of Arthur Andersen's Business Consulting practice, where he honed his blend of business consulting and technology skills by working on network and server infrastructure design and implementation projects. His experience included customer relationship management, document management, IT planning, and infrastructure implementation.
Brian earned a Master of Taxation degree from the University of Denver and a Bachelor of Science degree in Accountancy from Miami University. He is a Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer, and a VMWare Certified Professional.
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Quick Quid? Quick way to Bankruptcy!
I have recently been seeing adverts on the TV for QuickQuid, a ner Company offering short term loans. The term is usually very short indeed, just up to the next pay day, this presumably is between say, one day, and just under one Month. They offer quick approval, up to £1500, and funds can be yours the very same day. You can apply online, and the whole process takes just minutes. Apparently some 85% of all applicants are approved. The Company tells us that they have One Million satisfied customers.
Terms and conditions apply, right, here is where it gets interesting. The "Finance charge" will be between Ten Pounds, and £14.75 per £50 borrowed! The Annual Percentage Rate is staggering, I keep reading it, and you may not believe it but read this :- Typical 2356% APR!!!
OK, I do realise that nobody will consider borrowing any amount of money at that rate, over a one year period. BUT, there may be circumstances that force you to not pay off the debt on Payday. Circumstances beyond your control that can put you in debt for the rest of your life.
I must advise anyone who needs to borrow money, they should be taking professional financial advice. I am sorry but this type of loan is not the answer.
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Super Bowl commercials from Anheuser-Busch InBev SA's Bud Light may have just revived a national focus on corn syrup , an ingredient that has been blamed for its role in the national obesity epidemic.
In one first-quarter ad, a humorous installment in Bud Light's medieval-themed "Dilly Dilly" campaign, the recurring king character embarks on a journey to deliver a shipment of misdelivered corn syrup to its correct address. He stops first at the Miller Lite castle, which had already received its corn syrup, and later at the Coors Light castle, where the king is pleased to get his missing supply.
"To be clear, we brew Coors Light with corn syrup," said the Coors Light king in the ad. Bud Light returned to the theme in ads in the third and fourth quarter. The message provoked quick responses on Twitter.
Executives from MillerCoors LLC, which sells both Miller Lite and Coors Light, were perhaps the most wound up.
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Martin Luther, a German friar, first became famous for criticizing the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences in his document titled "The Ninety-Five Theses". He then set about undermining the institution of the Roman Catholic Church. After Luther challenged the Pope, declaring that no one man could be the perfect interpreter of Scripture, he was excommunicated from the church. He, with the help of some of his peers, translated the entire Bible from Latin into German, which made it much more accessible to the public.
They would say "Oh, I'll pay this money to the church and the church will clear all of my debt with God, they will make sure that I go straight to Heaven, or that I won't spend as long in Purgatory if I pay this money to them." And since the church really didn't have any jurisdiction over that, this was a problem for some people because the church was making money off of something that they were promising to people that they could not guarantee.
Martin Luther was one of the people who had a problem with this practice, and he wrote a critique of Catholic clerical abuses, especially the sale of indulgences. Now that wasn't the only thing people had a problem with in the Catholic Church. They would take land as payment for the indulgences, and then they would sell the land and make money, or they would keep the land and have the church own it.
They would also sell the different offices in the church, if there was a high-ranking church member or a clerical member, that position available then people could say, "Oh, I'll give you this land, or I'll pay some money so that I can have that position," because the church was very much a part of the political society during that day. There were other things that people had a problem with within the church, but the sale of indulgences was one of the big ones, especially for Martin Luther.
This critique that he wrote quickly spread throughout Germany and the rest of Europe. Pretty much everyone in Europe was reading it and a lot of people were saying, "Yeah, I agree with a lot of what he's saying. The church shouldn't be selling these indulgences. That Martin Luther is on to something." This document became known as the 95 Theses, and it won him immediate fame.
If it was spreading that quickly all throughout his own country, and then all out the rest of Europe, it was something that was very popular, and it made Martin Luther a name that a lot of people throughout Europe were going to know. Luther then set about undermining the institution of the Roman Catholic Church.
He was unhappy with the practices of the church, and if they weren't going to reform them then he was going to try to undermine the institution of the church and tell people there was another way and go against what the church was constantly telling people was the only way. He argued that individuals did not need the help of the clergy to establish a strong relationship with God. At this time, people weren't encouraged to talk to God on their own.
They were encouraged to tell the different clerical workers, the different people that worked within the church. They were supposed to talk to these different clergymen and they were supposed to tell them what they wanted God to know, and then the clergymen were supposed to pass that on up. Your deacons, your priests, they were supposed to be relaying the message to God from the common people, instead of encouraging the common people to talk to God themselves.
People at this time, if they were part of the Roman Catholic Church. They were basically under the belief that they needed the clergy to be able to talk to God, to make sure that God heard them. If you paid more money, then it would be more likely that God would hear you, and that was the kind of thing that the church was telling people. Luther maintained that faith, rather than obedience to arbitrary church rules, would be what got people into Heaven.
If you had faith in God, if you repent of your sins to God directly, then that was what would get you into Heaven. You wouldn't have to follow the church's arbitrary rules, you wouldn't have to pay them so much money, you wouldn't have to do so many good works for the church or in honor of the church in order to get into Heaven. It wasn't based on, like, an exact amount of work or money paid that you would get into heaven or get out of Purgatory quicker.
Luther maintained that it was your faith, what you believed, that was going to get you to Heaven and not what you were doing according to the church's rules and regulations. Now, the final straw for the church was when Luther directly challenged the Pope. The Pope, the head of the Catholic Church, had a lot of power and Luther directly challenged him declaring that no one man could be the perfect interpreter of scripture.
It was a big deal for Martin Luther to challenge the Pope like that. He'd already written the 95 Theses, he'd already written a lot against the church, but this was the final straw for the church. Luther was saying no man could be the perfect interpreter of scripture, because everyone would just take the Pope's interpretation as "this is what the scripture means." the Pope is no more qualified to understand it than anyone else who's able to read and come up with an interpretation.
At this time, a lot of the people couldn't read the Bible because the Bible was still written in Latin. It hadn't been translated. People had to go with what they were told about scripture, what the interpretation of the scripture was that was presented to them because they didn't have another option. But when the only option being presented was that of the Pope, Martin Luther didn't like that idea, he wanted people to be able to gain their own interpretations of scripture.
After Luther challenged the Pope and refused to recant any of his published statements, so he was given the option to take back what he'd said. He could take back his challenge, he could take back a lot of the statements in the 95 Theses and some of his other writings, and he could have been forgiven by the church. But Martin Luther didn't want to be forgiven by the church, he wanted the church to change, he wanted the Reformation to start.
He was excommunicated from the church. He refused to take back any of his statements or his challenge. Now he did say "Oh, I stand by my statements, I did write them," and he thought about it for a while. He said, "Let me think about if I want to take them back." But he came to the conclusion that he couldn't because that was what he truly believed, and it would be a lie to try to take it back, and he was going to let God judge him for his statements and not the Pope, he maintained- he believed all those statements, he was standing firmly behind them.
The Pope said, "Ok, you're excommunicated from the church." Even though he wasn't any longer a part of the Roman Catholic Church, which was a big deal, Luther continued to spread his message. Some of the legacies that we get from Martin Luther are that those who identify with Luther's teachings and became his followers were called Lutherans. This continues even today. There are Lutheran churches who base their belief system primarily on ideas that came from Martin Luther.
Luther wrote many hymns that greatly contributed to the development of singing in churches. There wasn't a lot of singing in church or in church services before Martin Luther came around. He wrote so many hymns that encouraged singing, and that were worshipping God that more people started singing in churches and this tradition spread. Likewise, Luther got married, which further promoted the practice and acceptance of clerical marriage.
At this time in the Roman Catholic Church, priests were not allowed to get married. If you were a priest, if you were a church leader, you weren't allowed to take a wife. Martin Luther didn't believe that that was something that was based in scripture. He didn't believe that there was anywhere in the Bible that was telling religious leaders that they shouldn't get married, because God had created Eve for Adam and wanted man and woman to be together.
He believed that it was still fine for a man who was a religious leader to get married. When Luther himself got married, this further promoted the practice and acceptance of clerical marriage among people that were separating off from the Catholic Church. Now Luther, with the help of some of his peers, translated the entire Bible from Latin to German. Since he was living in Germany that was his native tongue, he had known Latin from studying in school.
He was able to read the Bible, but remember, the common person wasn't able to read the Bible because it was written in Latin. Luther translated The New Testament and then he got some of his peers to help him and they translated the Old Testament as well into German. This made it much more accessible to the public. Now the Bible was available in German, in people's native tongue in Germany, to be able to read it and then they could go and interpret the scripture themselves without having to just take the Pope's word for it.
They could read for themselves come up with their own conclusions about what the scripture meant. We got lots of legacies from Luther within the church, but the primary one was that he undermined the church's institution. That he went against the church so completely and became so popular, that he really divided the Catholic Church and encouraged a lot of people to separate off from the Catholic Church believing that the sale of indulgences wasn't good, and that the path to Heaven was through faith and not through following the church's rules.
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Be spotted in the crowd with this super premium DC Inget Hoody.
Featuring a printed jersey lined hood and a 3D embroidery on the chest, this zip-up hoodie makes a perfect addition to the DC Shoes Spring 2014 Collection. Other special features include printed zip on the front.
o Printed zip front closure.
o 3D embroider DC logo.
o Banded cuffs and waist for a sure fit.
o 60% cotton, 40% polyester.
|
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Nana was generous and hardworking, to an almost superhuman degree. As a daughter of immigrants in early 20th-century Brooklyn, she laboriously earned her RN and became a visiting nurse. She married my grandfather, Lenny, on the original Pearl Harbor Day, and he was promptly sent off to war. Pregnant with my mother, her firstborn, she'd get on the bus to work, get off to take a morning-sickness break, get on the next one, work a full day, and come back home. Lenny didn't get back from the war until my mother was two.
When we were little, she and Lenny used to take my sister and me for a week every summer, a whirlwind of ocean bathing, concerts, plays, museums, Chinese restaurants, and bagels. And clothes shopping. A few times a year she'd come visit us in New England--bearing coolers full of chicken cutlets and spaghetti with sausages and entire pork chops in the sauce, which, she'd claim with a straight face, just happened to be sitting around in her freezer. Would we do her a favor and take them off her hands?
When we became Evangelicals and then Catholics, they were gracious about it. They made it clear that they were too old to change their religion and weren't interested in being "witnessed to" (though, to everybody's surprise, they were both baptized in their old age). But they were happy we were happy.
Nana and Lenny helped pay their grandchildren's college tuition. They drove up from New Jersey to take care of me and my household after my first baby was born, and again after a miscarriage.
For years I assumed everybody's grandmother was like Nana, and just took the never-ending stream of special treats as my due. I cringe to relate that once I even went on a rant about how I wished she'd take us to a higher-class department store for the wardrobe purchases. But eventually I realized that Nana and Lenny were unusual and once asked how I could ever repay them. Nana replied, "Just do the same for your own grandchildren."
I don't have any yet, but it was an illuminating answer.
In a similar vein, I once went to confession and recounted how I had seriously wronged somebody. I suggested that maybe I ought to do some kind of extraordinary penance to make up for it. A little bemused, the priest countered that maybe instead I could try to be extraordinarily good to that person. That somehow hadn't occurred to me.
And just the other morning, I ran into this passage in St. Paul's Letter to the Romans.
But if you ... boast of your relation to God and know his will and approve what is excellent, because you are instructed in the law, and if you are sure that you are a guide to the blind, a light to those who are in darkness, a corrector of the foolish, a teacher of children, having in the law the embodiment of knowledge and truth—you then who teach others, will you not teach yourself? While you preach against stealing, do you steal? You who say that one must not commit adultery, do you commit adultery? You who abhor idols, do you rob temples? You who boast in the law, do you dishonor God by breaking the law?
These might seem like laughably obvious mistakes to avoid, but you'd be surprised! It's easier than you'd think to get so fixated on your idea of yourself that, rather than aiming to do good, you end up aiming to identify yourself as morally superior. Not the same thing at all.
"Approving what is excellent" is a big improvement on approving what is evil or silly.
But don't forget to imitate Nana, too.
|
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The Diva's 215th challenge goes hand in hand with World Labyrinth Day, 5/2/2015! I used the link provided by Laura to draw my labyrinth. I will fess up to needing to erase my string and start over again. Once I had the string figured out, since I used only one tangle, the tangling went easily. Two photos, before and after shading. I used a purple Sakura Pigma Micron and a cool gray Copic Multiliner with shading in graphite and colored pencil.
Very nice! That Sakura purple sure is dark isn't it?
Yes! Sometimes I have trouble telling the sepia, purple and black apart. The more I work with the purple tho, the more I like it!
very nice tile, looks like a place to visit.
Your labyrinth is absolutely beautiful!
I love Shattuck on the background!!!
I like it! Purple is cool!
Super lovely…I think I've never seen a labyrinth tangled better!
I have never worked with that purple...will have to give it a go. Beautiful work...so evenly done! And the shading really changed things.
|
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Das Naturschutzgebiet Angertal liegt auf dem Gebiet der Städte Heiligenhaus und Ratingen im Kreis Mettmann in Nordrhein-Westfalen.
Das aus fünf Teilflächen bestehende etwa 388 ha große Gebiet, das im Jahr 2006 unter der Schlüsselnummer ME-053 unter Naturschutz gestellt wurde, erstreckt sich nordöstlich der Kernstadt Ratingen und südwestlich der Kernstadt Heiligenhaus entlang des Angerbaches und umfasst zudem zahlreiche Nebentäler.
Das Angertal wird an zwei Stellen durch Autobahnen überbrückt: Zwischen Burg Gräfgenstein und Haus Müschenau durch die A 3, welche das Naturschutzgebiet hier und etwas weiter südlich zerteilt, sowie bei Herrenbrück durch eine im Bau befindliche Brücke der A 44.
Siehe auch
Liste der Naturschutzgebiete im Kreis Mettmann
Haus Anger
Weblinks
Angertal
Heiligenhaus
Geographie (Ratingen)
Angertal
|
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139 Bryant is a astounding, quiet multi unit house that offers newly remodeled and fully furnished apartments. This peaceful scenic street is a haven on to itself. Minutes away from shopping and restaurants, college, hospital, summer-best subway, and convenience of public transport around the corner. Fully remodeled, furnished, all new appliances, spacious one bedroom apartment in the heart of downtown Buffalo.
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On the afternoon of January 27th, 2019, the Chinese New Year Gala in St. John begins with the bursts of drum-beating. Mr. Chen Xueming, Consul General of China in Montreal, Canada, is invited to attend the party and delivers a speech. Leaders at all levels of local province and municipalities, friendly Chinese and overseas Chinese from different regions also attended the gala. They wish all the audience good health, happiness and prosperity in the Year of Pig. All earnings from the performance will be donated to Saint John Regional Hospital to support the development of the local medical system.
Senior high school students of CI in St. John School District are invited by the organizers of the New Year Gala to sing "Dedication of Love" in Chinese with local Chinese children and college students. They wish all the audience a happy New Year, which fully demonstrates the theme of "mutual affection, integration and prosperity" in the pluralistic community, between China and Canada.
MacLean Preston, a student from Chinese class of CI in Harbour View High School, was selected by the Chinese Association as the host of the New Year Gala because of his excellent Chinese proficiency and deep love for Chinese culture. As the curtain slowly rises, MacLean Preston stands in the middle of the stage, announces the programs in Chinese, which wins great admiration from the audience. The inherent concept of "Chinese is difficult to learn and is difficult to be understood" has been broken. Preston's brilliant performance sets an good example for countless Canadian friends who want to know more about China!
MacLean Preston is not only the first Canadian to host the New Year Gala in St. John in Chinese and English on the stage in recent years, but also the only male presenter to undertake most of the announcement work. While getting proficient in the Chinese introduction of the programs, he also compiles authentic English lines according to the Chinese meaning.
The audience are surprised that a Canadian boy is able to speak and sing in Chinese so well. Preston's grandfather was white-haired, he said excitedly after the performance, "I'm so proud of you", which makes us all forget our nationalities, our territories, our skin colors, and indulged in the success of the party and the joy of the New Year.
After the event, Teng Qing, the chief teaching supervisor of CI, Dai Zunfeng, the Chinese director, and Don Darling, mayor of St. John, went on the stage to take photos with the performers.
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Saudi Arabia recruited 33% more foreign construction workers in 2012
The Saudi labour ministry has said the number of work visas issued to the country's construction sector accounted for 58% of the total work visas issued by the ministry last year, Arab News has reported. In 2012, the ministry issued nearly 1.6 million work visas, of which 900,000 were allocated to the building and construction sector, it said.
Full article // Source: AMEinfo.com
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Great dish of the day in a beautiful square.
Nice Welsh/Irish food. Good variety of beers. Very good dish of the day for a reasonable price. The staff was very friendly and the location is very good. If the weather allows to sit outside, the beautiful square is really worth it.
Staying nearby and decided to stop in for a hamburger. What is listed on the menu as simply "cheese burger" is one of the best burgers I've ever had! The sizable meat patty comes with plenty of cheese and an amazing bun.
How do you get served here?
Get quick answers from Windsor Pub staff and past visitors.
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The famous quote "good artists copy; great artists steal" by Pablo Picasso seems to drive the modern creative industry. With the readily availability of technology, remix culture knows no boundaries. Anybody can create memes, Photoshop celebrities and add a few baselines to an old classic to make a new top 40 hit. I've recently discovered that remix literature is a thing and am fascinated by the drive some people have to create.
Classic literature is an interesting field to look at when exploring remix culture. There is a plethora of great works that are sitting in the public domain, waiting for creatives to do their thing. Classic books in the public domain include Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll, Ulysses by James Joyce, Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle, and Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, recently remixed as Pride and Prejudice and Zombies by Seth Grahame Smith.
Pride and Prejudice and Zombies has become known as the first mainstream remix novel and has produced two follow-ups, effectively turning the classic Austin novel into a commercially profitable franchise.
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A tiled floor can look amazing in a home. Many homeowners are opting to install tile because it is generally easier to keep clean than carpeting. It will not take on odors and stains like carpeting, and it will not collect allergens like carpeting can. This makes tile floor a healthier choice for those with allergens. While tile and grout floors can indeed help you to keep your home cleaner, they will require deep cleaning from time to time. As you, your family and your pets traverse across the floor, the floor will indeed become dirtier. This is because the smallest flecks of dirt and other particles will become embedded in the grout and the tile. You may have even noticed that the color of your tile and grout seems to have changed in recent months. This is a sure sign that your home could benefit from our tile and grout floor cleaning and sealing service.
Our tile and grout floor cleaning and sealing service provides you with a convenient and easy way to thoroughly clean your tile and to help it stay clean for a longer period of time. When you call us for service, we will first clean the floor with an advanced system and state-of-the-art equipment designed to remove those small particles of dirt and dust that are embedded in the tile and grout. Then, our professionals will apply a strong sealant to the tile and grout that will prevent particles from becoming embedded in the tile and grout in the future. This is a great way to thoroughly clean your tile and grout with ease. Contact us today to schedule an appointment for in-home service.
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The Equimins brand has been in existence now for nearly thirty two years and became a registered trademark in December 1992.
The company started out in the feed business, producing coarse mixes and pellets for most classes of livestock.
In the early days the trade was centred on the South West of England as Equimins are located in Kingsbridge, a beautiful part of South Devon. The first products in the Equimins range were a standard feed supplement, a Vitamin E supplement for eventing horses and a competition supplement for horses in hard work.
The products were sold initially through the company's own retail outlet and to trade outlets in the South West, alongside the feeds. In September 1992, the feed side of the business was sold, to allow more time for the continued development of the Equimins range. The company has developed many new products over the years and there are now over a 150 equine products, 19 dog and cat products and the latest addition to the range is six products for poultry.
Equimins products are proudly made in the UK and our recently added new extension to the production plant has allowed us to cope with the increasing level of business.
Although our business is still growing, it remains a family run concern, where excellent specification quality products are of paramount importance. Good friendly customer service, flexibility, excellent products and keen pricing are the key to the success of the Equimins brand.
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Visit Website | 860-665-8500
National Welding – Newington
The National Welding facility was used as a metal machining, tooling and fabricating plant from 1941 to January of 1994. In 2008, via a municipal tax foreclosure, the town of Newington acquired the 3.9-acre parcel of property located at 690 Cedar Street. The site sits in close proximity to CT Routes 9 and 175 and is immediately adjacent to the CTFastrak station.
CRDA Assistance
Newington was awarded a Brownfield Grant by the Connecticut Department of Economic and Community Development, (DECD) in the amount of $2 million to demolish the existing buildings and to assess the long-term remediation of the site. As part of its mission to promote economic development, CRDA provided grant administrative services to the town. Those services include preparing agreements, reports and close-out documents; managing vendor invoices and payments; retaining a Licensed Environmental Professional ("LEP") to oversee sampling and testing; filing of regulatory forms, obtaining permits, coordinating with state regulatory agencies and monitoring demolition, debris removal, and clean-up; procuring demolition and abatement contractors to clear the site and establishing appropriate engineer protection and monitoring systems; and making recommendations for addressing subsurface remediation and post-demolition and clean-up actions.
CRDA also provides development services to Newington in the form of:
Assessing the property's redevelopment potential,
Evaluating existing proposals already received by the Town,
Soliciting alternatives as required, including the development and marketing of Requests for Proposals,
Preparing and presenting an assessment of options to the Town that includes long term viability, community impacts, demand for services, and revenue impact,
Collaborating in setting a land price, and
Assisting in negotiations with potential developers and preparing land disposition agreements, purchase and sale agreements and environmental responsibility agreements
Clean up and demolition of the former National Welding facility was completed ahead of schedule. The building superstructure was abated, demolished and removed from the site. Final work included cleaning and inspection of the slab followed by its removal, grading and restabilization of the site.
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264,
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2630,
24668,
555,
279,
31461,
6011,
315,
23362,
323,
12332,
11050,
-100
] |
4.61.7 Controlled Foreign Corporations
4.61.7.1 Program Scope and Objectives
4.61.7.1.1 Authority
4.61.7.1.2 Responsibilities
4.61.7.1.3 Program Controls
4.61.7.1.4 Acronyms
4.61.7.2 Controlled Foreign Corporations (CFC) Subpart F
4.61.7.3 Preliminary Information Needed
4.61.7.4 Identification and Qualifications of CFCs and U.S. Shareholders
4.61.7.5 Identification Qualification and Guidelines
4.61.7.6 Determination of Amounts to be Included in Income General Rule
4.61.7.6.1 Amounts Included Under IRC 951(a)
4.61.7.6.2 Subpart F Income in IRC 952 Defined
4.61.7.7 Exceptions to the General Rule
4.61.7.7.1 Exclusion of U.S. Source Effectively Connected Income
4.61.7.7.2 Limitation as to Earnings and Profits
4.61.7.8 Certain Prior Year Deficit
4.61.7.9 Certain Deficits of Chain Members
4.61.7.10 Manufacturing Operations
4.61.7.11 Currency and Other Restrictions
4.61.7.12 De Minimis Rule and Full Inclusion Test
4.61.7.12.1 De Minimis Rule and Full Inclusion Test Audit Steps
4.61.7.13 Foreign Base Company Income
4.61.7.13.1 Foreign Base Company Income Audit Steps
4.61.7.14 Foreign Personal Holding Company Income
4.61.7.14.1 Foreign Personal Holding Company Income Audit Steps
4.61.7.15 Foreign Base Company Sales Income
4.61.7.15.1 Foreign Base Company Sales Income Audit Steps
4.61.7.16 Special Rule for Certain Branch Income
4.61.7.17 Branch Guidelines
4.61.7.18 Property Manufactured, Produced, Grown, or Extracted
4.61.7.19 Determination of Country of Use, Consumption, or Disposition Guidelines
4.61.7.20 Foreign Base Company Services Income
4.61.7.20.1 Foreign Base Company Services Audit Steps
4.61.7.21 Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (GILTI)
4.61.7.22 Final Determination of Includible Subpart F Income
4.61.7.23 Increase in Earnings in U.S. Property
4.61.7.24 U.S. Property Defined
4.61.7.25 Exceptions to U.S. Property Definition
4.61.7.26 Earnings Invested in U.S. Property Limitation For Tax Years Prior to 1993
4.61.7.27 Investment in U.S. Property Guidelines
4.61.7.28 Earnings and Profits
4.61.7.28.1 Earnings and Profits Audit Steps
4.61.7.29 Exclusion of Previously Taxed Earnings and Profits
4.61.7.30 Adjustments to Basis of Stock Guidelines
4.61.7.31 Special Rules for Foreign Tax Credit
4.61.7.31.1 Foreign Tax Credit Audit Steps
4.61.7.32 General Rules and Record Keeping Requirements of U.S. Shareholders
4.61.7.33 Special Rules and Recordkeeping Requirements of U.S. Shareholders
Part 4. Examining Process
Chapter 61. International Program Audit Guidelines
Section 7. Controlled Foreign Corporations
Manual Transmittal
(1) This transmits revised IRM 4.61.7, International Program Audit Guidelines, Controlled Foreign Corporations.
Material Changes
(1) Rewrote IRM 4.61.7.1 to conform to new requirement to include internal control information at the beginning of the IRM.
(2) This transmittal updates procedures to reflect updated tax law per the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) (P.L. 115-97). The following subsections were updated or added for TCJA changes:
IRM Section
4.61.7.16 Foreign Based Company Income
4.61.7.39.1 Foreign Tax Credit Guidelines
(3) The following subsections were removed and subsequent subsections were renumbered:
4.61.7.27 Foreign Base Company Shipping Income Defined
4.61.7.28 Foreign Base Company Shipping Income Exclusion and Special Rules
4.61.7.29 Foreign Base Company Shipping Income Guidelines
4.61.7.30 Foreign Base Company Oil Related Income Defined
4.61.7.31 Foreign Base Company Oil Related Income Exclusions
4.61.7.32 Foreign Base Company Oil Related Income Special Rules
(4) These procedures have also been updated to include organizational and editorial changes.
Effect on Other Documents
This IRM supersedes IRM 4.61.7, Controlled Foreign Corporations, dated May 1, 2006.
Large Business & International (LB&I), Small Business & Self Employed (SB/SE)
John E. Hinding
Director, Cross-Border Activities (CBA) Practice Area
Large Business and International Division
4.61.7.1 (10-08-2019)
Program Scope and Objectives
Purpose: This IRM provides guidance and technical information in international audit techniques involving controlled foreign corporations (CFC).
Audience: The primary users of this IRM are LB&I and SB/SE examiners.
Policy Owner: Director, CBA Practice Area, LB&I.
Program Owner: The CBA Practice Network manages and administers technical policy matters.
Primary Stakeholders: IRS examiners in LB&I and SB/SE.
4.61.7.1.1 (10-08-2019)
See IRM 4.46.1.1.2, LB&I Examination Process, General Information and Definitions, Authority.
LB&I and SB/SE examiners are responsible for following the guidelines provided in this IRM.
Program Controls
The effectiveness of the subject matter presented in this IRM section is dependent on the monitoring of tax law developments, the technical expertise of the subject matter experts who have responsibility for authoring this section, and obtaining feedback from the field on best practices for audit techniques. To that end, the controls developed to monitor this IRM and program include periodic updates to this section as mandated by LB&I's Internal Management Documents (IMD) program, making updates to the section in response to tax law changes, asking a team of subject matter experts from the practice networks and exam function to review existing language, asking experts to draft updates to the section, and allowing impacted stakeholders to review and comment on the section through the document clearance process.
The following table contains commonly used acronyms:
ADS Alternative Depreciation System
CBA Cross Border Activities
CFC Controlled Foreign Corporation
DFIC Deferred Foreign Income Corporation
EPDFC Earnings and Profits Deficit Foreign Corporation
FPHCI Foreign Personal Holding Company Income
GILTI Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income
IMD Internal Management Documents
IRC Internal Revenue Code
LB&I Large Business & International
PTEP Previously Taxed Earnings & Profits
QBAI Qualified Business Asset Investment
SB/SE Small Business Self Employed
SFC Specified Foreign Corporation
Controlled Foreign Corporations (CFC) Subpart F
The taxation of foreign income earned by foreign corporations owned by U.S. persons drastically changed with the introduction of subpart F into the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) in 1962. Subpart F deals with the U.S. taxation of amounts earned by CFCs. It provides that certain types of income of CFCs, though undistributed, must be included in the gross income of the U.S. shareholder in the year the income is earned by the CFC. Taxation of foreign income earned by CFCs also significantly changed with the passage of TCJA in late 2017. Certain previously deferred earnings were immediately taxable under the IRC 965 transition tax, and going forward, a new taxation subpart F regime was established for global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) and a dividends received deduction for foreign source dividends were enacted.
The rules contained in subpart F are to be applied after the income of the CFC has been adjusted to conform to U.S. income tax concepts.
It is essential that the relationships between CFCs and domestic entities be at arm's length. Any allocations of income and deductions between the CFC and its related organizations under IRC 482 are made before the application of the provisions of subpart F. For a discussion of IRC 482 see IRM 4.61.3 Development of IRC 482 cases.
The provisions of subpart F contain many general rules, special rules, definitions, exceptions, exclusions, and limitations that require careful consideration.
Preliminary Information Needed
The first step in beginning any examination should be to become familiar with the scope and mode of the taxpayer's operations (e.g., the products and entities involved, etc.). The following information and documents should be secured to meet this objective.
Obtain consolidated financial statements (if available) showing balance sheets and operating results of all related and foreign entities.
Obtain certified (or other) statements of the individual foreign entities. (remember that the regulations provide for English translations or the services of a qualified interpreter where the books or records are not maintained in English).
Obtain a statement from the taxpayer characterizing the operations of the various related foreign entities.
Obtain corporate books (including the minutes of corporate meetings) of the domestic taxpayer and of the related foreign entities if available;
Obtain original Form 1120 and/or Form 1120-F, or copies thereof, if such returns were filed for any related foreign entity.
Obtain copies of all foreign tax returns filed by related foreign entities in which the taxpayer is a U.S. shareholder.
Obtain or prepare organizational charts showing the relationship of all domestic and foreign entities(including stock ownership percentages).
Ask for a briefing on changes in accounting procedures designed to meet the requirements relating to IRC 951(if possible, this should be done at the first meeting with the U.S. shareholder or his representative).
Examine copies of existing company publications, manuals, instructions, or correspondence that set forth procedures dealing with foreign income reporting.
Obtain and examine the original Forms 5471, or copies thereof, if such returns were filed.
Subpart F contains many relief provisions. The early stages of the examination should be devoted to determining the applicability of subpart F and their exclusions, etc. starting with those most easily verified. Audit steps requiring detailed documentation and extensive analysis should be pursued only after determining that the more apparent relief provisions are not applicable.
Identification and Qualifications of CFCs and U.S. Shareholders
U.S. Shareholder Defined A U.S. shareholder is a U.S. person (defined in IRC 957(c)) who owns directly, indirectly, or constructively 10 percent or more of the total combined voting power of stock entitled to vote or 10 percent or more of the total value of all classes of stock entitled to vote in a foreign corporation. IRC 958(a) provides rules for determining direct and indirect stock ownership of a corporation. IRC 958(b) provides that the constructive ownership rules of IRC 318(a) apply to the extent that the effect is to treat a U.S. person as a U.S. shareholder or a foreign corporation as a CFC. For tax years ending on or before December 31, 2017 IRC 958(b)(4) turned off "downward attribution" which prevented a U.S. person from being treated as owning stock that is owned by a Non-U.S. person. In December, 2017 IRC 958(b)(4) was repealed. As a result, for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2018 the "downward attribution" under IRC 318(a)(3) does apply to treat U.S. persons as owning the stock of Non-U.S. persons which will have the effect of creating U.S. shareholders and, in turn, CFCs that were not treated as such in prior years.
Controlled Foreign Corporation Defined A controlled foreign corporation is any foreign corporation in which more than 50 percent of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote is owned directly, indirectly, or constructively by U.S. shareholders on any day during the taxable year of such foreign corporation or more than 50% of the total value of the stock is owned directly, indirectly or constructively by U.S. shareholders on any day during the taxable year of the corporation.
Note there are special rules for determining whether a foreign corporation is a CFC for purposes of IRC 953(a) (insurance income).
Note there are special rules for determining whether a foreign corporation is a specified foreign corporation (SFC) for purposes of IRC 965, which increases the subpart F income of a deferred foreign income corporation (DFIC), a type of SFC, for its last taxable year beginning before January 1, 2018 by the greater of certain of its post-1986 earnings and profits as of November 2, 2017 or December 31, 2017. Under these rules, SFCs include all CFCs and certain other foreign corporations.
Identification Qualification and Guidelines
The following information should be reviewed and analyzed:
Determine if Form 5471, Information Return of U.S. Persons with Respect to Certain Foreign Corporations, and income statements plus balance sheets have been filed indicating the existence of a CFC;
Analyze U.S. taxpayers' investments and stock records to detect ownership in foreign corporations;
Determine direct, indirect, and constructive ownership of voting power or value of stock in any foreign corporations;
Determine who is in actual control of the foreign corporation if the U.S. shareholders appear to be in the minority;
Examine income and expense accounts on the U.S. taxpayer's books if there is no investment account. Items that might suggest a foreign investment could include foreign source income, foreign legal fees, foreign travel expenses, foreign tax paid, and any other types of expenses suggesting foreign activity;
The CFC's stock record books may show ownership of a subsidiary. By applying the indirect ownership rules, a subsidiary of the CFC, if ownership is sufficient, may be considered a CFC;
If the taxpayer owns 10 percent or more of a foreign corporation, an analysis of the records may indicate the existence of other U.S. shareholders. Analysis might disclose other owners of the stock that constructively or indirectly might qualify the foreign corporation as a CFC;
If the taxpayer has adopted a new accounting period verify that the conditions of IRC 898, the proposed regulations thereunder, and Rev. Proc. 2002-39, Rev. Proc. 2006-45 (as modified by Rev. Proc. 2007-64), and Rev. Proc. 2018-17 are satisfied;
In certain instances a taxpayer may seek CFC treatment for its foreign corporation. Review the corporate documents and related agreements to verify that U.S. shareholders own more than 50 percent of the voting power or value of the CFC. See Framatone Connectors USA Inc. v. Comm'r, 118 T.C. 32 (2002).
After reviewing the above data, it may be possible to eliminate certain U.S. shareholders and foreign entities from consideration with respect to non-CFCs; entities that are not CFCs at any time during the taxable year; or shareholders of foreign investment companies where an election under IRC 1247(a) is in effect. See IRC 951(c).
Determination of Amounts to be Included in Income General Rule
If the taxpayer is a U.S. shareholder under IRC 951(b) and owns stock directly or indirectly in the CFC under IRC 958(a), and if the foreign corporation in question is a CFC then further analysis may be necessary to determine the taxability under IRC 951(a) and IRC 951A.
Amounts Included Under IRC 951(a)
Subpart F Income (IRC 952)
The amount determined under IRC 956
In addition to the amounts defined as subpart F income in IRC 952, listed in IRM 4.61.7.6.2 below, subpart F income includes IRC 965(a) inclusion amounts, which are determined taking into account certain post-1986 earnings and profits of a DFIC reduced by certain deficits in post-1986 earnings and profits of E&P deficit foreign corporations (EPDFC).
Subpart F Income in IRC 952 Defined
Insurance income as defined in IRC 953.
Foreign base company income as defined in IRC 954 consisting of:
Foreign personal holding company income (FPHCI)
Foreign base company sales income
Foreign base company services income
Income as determined under IRC 952(a)(3) (amounts subject to the international boycott rules of IRC 999).
Illegal bribes, kickbacks, or other payments unlawful under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977.
Income derived from any foreign country when IRC 901(j) applies to such country.
Exceptions to the General Rule
Before further considering the "includible" amounts, the following exclusions, limitations, etc. should be noted and kept in mind during an examination. The examining agent can conserve audit time by recognizing the applicability of these limitations early in the examination. Additional discussions of certain of these items appear later in the guidelines.
Exclusion of U.S. Source Effectively Connected Income
Subpart F income does not include any item includible in the CFC's gross income as income from sources within the United States that is effectively connected with the conduct by the CFC of a trade or business in the U.S., unless the income is exempt from tax (or subject to a reduced rate of tax) pursuant to a treaty obligation of the U.S. IRC 952(b) . For purposes of determining exclusions of U.S. income under IRC 952(b), any exemption (or reduction) with respect to the tax imposed by IRC 884 will not be taken into account.
Post-1986 earnings and profits attributable to effectively connected income or previously taxed earnings and profits are generally excluded for purposes of determining whether an SFC is a DFIC for purposes of IRC 965. However, post-1986 earnings and profits attributable to effectively connected income or previously taxed earnings and profits are not excluded for purposes of determining whether an SFC is an EPDFC.
Limitation as to Earnings and Profits
Subpart F income includible in gross income by a U.S. shareholder for any taxable year may not exceed the CFC's earning and profits for the taxable year. IRC 962(c)(1)(A) and IRC 951A(c)(2)(B)(ii).
In the computation of earnings and profits determine that earnings and profits are reported according to U.S. standards. See IRC 964(a) and the regulations thereunder. However, for purposes of IRC 952(c), earnings and profits will be determined without regard to IRC 312(n)(4), IRC 312(n)(5), and IRC 312(n)(6) (the preceding clause will not apply to the extent it would increase earnings and profits by an amount which was previously distributed by the CFC).
The limitation described in IRM 4.61.7.9(1) does not apply to amounts of post-1986 earnings and profits included in subpart F income with respect to a DFIC. For purposes of IRC 965, an SFC's post-1986 earnings and profits are earnings and profits accumulated in taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986, but only taking into account periods during which the foreign corporation was an SFC and without diminution by reason of dividends distributed during the inclusion year other than dividends distributed to another SFC.
Certain Prior Year Deficit
The amount of subpart F income included in the U.S. shareholder's gross income may be reduced by his pro rata share of the CFC's prior year qualified deficits. IRC 952(c)(1)(B).
A qualified deficit is post-1986 deficit in earnings and profits that is attributable to the same qualified activity as the activity giving rise to the income to be offset and which has not previously been taken into account. See IRC 952(c)(1)(B)(ii).
A qualified activity is any activity giving rise to 1) foreign base company sales income, 2) foreign base company services income, 3) in the case of a qualified insurance company, insurance income or foreign personal holding company income or 4) in the case of a qualified financial institution, foreign personal holding company income. See IRC 952(c)(1)(B)(iii).
For purposes of IRC 965, an EPDFC is, with respect to any taxpayer, a SFC with respect to which the taxpayer is a U.S. shareholder, if, as of November 2, 2017, the SFC has a deficit in post-1986 earnings and profits. For purposes of determining whether a SFC is an EPDFC, all post-1986 earnings and profits must be taken into account.
Certain Deficits of Chain Members
A CFC may elect to reduce the amount of subpart F income attributable to a qualified activity by a current year qualified deficit of a qualified chain member. IRC 952(c)(1)(C) .
4.61.7.10 (05-01-2006)
If the CFC is strictly a manufacturing operation, (without a sales, purchasing or manufacturing branch in another jurisdiction) then no further steps as to that entity need to be taken. However, other related CFCs that purchase from a manufacturing CFC could have subpart F income. If the CFC has a branch operation, it is possible that there could be subpart F income. Refer to the "branch rule" in Treas. Reg. §1.954–3(b).
Income of the CFC from the sale of goods manufactured in its country of incorporation by anyone is not subpart F income.
Currency and Other Restrictions
No part of the earnings and profits of a CFC for any taxable year is included in earnings and profits for purposes of IRC 952, or IRC 956 if such part could not have been distributed by the CFC to U.S. shareholders because of currency or other restrictions or limitations imposed under the laws of any foreign country. Treas. Reg. §1.964–2 sets forth definitions, exceptions, and limitations that should be reviewed before an exception is permitted under this provision.
De Minimis Rule and Full Inclusion Test
IRC 954(b)(3)(A) provides a de minimis rule that excludes all gross income from being considered as foreign base company income or insurance income if the sum of the CFC's gross foreign base company income and gross insurance income is less than the lesser of 5 percent of gross income or $1 million. Under the full inclusion rule of IRC 954(b)(3)(B) if more than 70 percent of the CFC's gross income is foreign base company income and insurance income then all of the CFC's gross income will be treated as foreign base company income or insurance income.
4.61.7.12.1 (05-01-2006)
De Minimis Rule and Full Inclusion Test Audit Steps
Verify the taxpayer's determination of gross income for the application of the de minimis test. Be alert to attempts to reduce foreign base company income to qualify for a de minimis exception.
Determine that the de minimis test is applied separately to each CFC.
Check that when computing gross foreign base company income for the de minimis test, that there are no reductions for dividends, interest, or deductions allocable to foreign base company income.
Determine that gross income is computed based on U.S. accounting and tax standards.
Determine whether, for purposes of applying the de minimis test, the anti-abuse rule of Treas. Reg.§1.954–1(b)(4) applies to aggregate the income of two or more CFCs.
Foreign Base Company Income
Foreign base company income consists of:
Foreign personal holding company income
Remember, IRC 954(b)(5) requires that such income will be reduced by taking into account deductions (including taxes) properly allocable to such income.
Foreign Base Company Income Audit Steps
When examining the accuracy of foreign base company income, the following actions should be taken:
Inspect CFC operating statements to ascertain the amounts and general nature of income reported.
Discuss the general pattern of foreign operations with the taxpayer or representative.
Determine the type of activity, physical facilities, number of employees in the foreign country, products, processes, major suppliers, and material customers.
Analyze the nature and type of income reported by each CFC to determine the correctness of the reported subpart F income (or to ascertain the existence of subpart F income where none is reported). This analysis should include the origin and destination of the products and services that produce the CFC's income.
FPHCI consists of the following items:
Dividends, interest, rents royalties, and annuities
Net gains from the sale and exchange of certain properties (including gains from the sale or other disposition of any interest in a partnership or trust)
Net gains from commodities transactions
Net currency gains from nonfunctional transactions
Income equivalent to interest
Income from notional principal contracts
Payments in lieu of dividends
The following items are excluded from FPHCI:
Dividends: From corporations that are related persons organized in the same country with a substantial part of assets (more than 50 percent) used in its trade or business in the same country. (Treas. Reg. §1.954-2(b)(4)).
Interest: from corporations that are related persons organized in the same country with a substantial part of assets (more than 50 percent) used in its trade or business in the same country (Treas. Reg. §1.954-2(b)(4)), and from export financing interest derived in the conduct of a banking business (IRC 954(c)(2)(B)).
Rents: From unrelated persons in ordinary conduct of business (IRC 954(c)(2)(A)), from related persons for property in country of organization (IRC 954(c)(3)(A)(ii))
Royalties: From unrelated persons in active conduct of a trade or business of the CFC (IRC 954(c)(2)(A)), from related persons for property used in the country of organization (IRC 954(c)(3)(A)(ii)).
Gains: From the sale or exchange of inventory, dealer property, property that gives rise to active rent or royalty income, property that gives rise to income from the active conduct of a financing or insurance business, and property that was used in the CFC's trade or business, from commodities transactions that are from the sale of commodities In the active conduct of commodities business or from bona fide hedging transactions with respect to such sales; from currency gains and losses directly related to the business needs of the CFC (IRC 954(c)(2)(C) and Treas. Reg. §1.954-2(f)(1)(ii)).
Income derived from the active conduct of a banking, financing or similar business (see IRC 954(h)).
Income derived in the active conduct of an insurance business (IRC 954(i)).
Foreign Personal Holding Company Income Audit Steps
The CFC records should set forth the basic inclusions in FPHCI even though exclusions are involved. The examining agent should determine the extent of ownership of the various foreign or domestic stocks to ascertain if the CFC owns most of other foreign corporations. Determine if its interests along with other stockholders, suggest that any of these foreign corporations are CFCs by indirect or constructive ownership by the U.S. person or perhaps another U.S. person. If investments are in U.S. assets, this fact could indicate possible income under IRC 951(a)(1)(B) and IRC 956 due to an increase in earnings invested in U.S. property.:
The examiner should be aware that any passive income received by the CFC claimed under IRC 954(c)(2) and IRC 954(c)(3) as excluded from subpart F should be checked against the CFC's records to determine that the income does qualify for the exclusion as required by the regulations. To qualify for exclusion, the answer must be a "yes" to the following questions:
If rents or royalties are excluded from this type income, did they come from the active conduct of a trade or business conducted with unrelated persons?
If dividends, interests, rents, or royalties came from related persons, did the relationship qualify for exclusion under IRC 954(c)(3)and IRC 954(d)(4))?
Was the export financing interest derived from the conduct of a banking business under IRC 954(c)(2)(B)?
If the CFC is a regular dealer in property described in IRC 954(c)(1)(B), forward contracts, option contracts or similar financial instruments, does the income otherwise satisfy the requirements of IRC 954(c)(2)(C)?
Foreign base company sales income is income derived from the sale or purchase of personal property with a related person where the property which is purchased (or sold) is manufactured outside the country of incorporation and the property is sold for use (or purchased for use) outside such foreign country. (IRC 954(d)(1)). Foreign base company sales income can arise in the following types of transactions:
The purchase of personal property from a related person and its sale to any person
The sale of personal property to any person on behalf of a related person
The purchase of personal property from any person and its sale to a related person
The purchase of personal property from any person on behalf of a related person
Foreign Base Company Sales Income Audit Steps
Analyze gross income figures to ensure that proper costs are deducted from the gross receipts figures.
Ascertain that the costs are limited to the cost figures according to U.S. tax accounting concepts.
Determine if, in arriving at the cost of goods sold for subpart F income sales, the taxpayer was consistent in the method of computation so the de minimis and full inclusions tests are not distorted.
Be aware that purchases or sales may be made for a related person with a commission paid to the CFC. The commission paid could be subpart F income. The commission could come from the unrelated third party.
Special Rule for Certain Branch Income
A CFC may carry on procurement, manufacturing, or distribution activities through branches in countries other than the CFC's country of organization. In some situations the use of a branch has substantially the same tax effect as if the branch were a separate corporation. In that case, the branch is treated as a separate corporation and the income attributable to carrying on activities through the branch is foreign base company sales income. IRC 954(d)(2) .
For instance, a CFC may establish a selling branch in another country to escape a 50 percent tax on manufacturing and sales income in the CFC country of organization. The branch country may only tax sales income at 10 percent. The tax advantage would occur only in situations where the CFC country does not tax the branch income. The branch rule in Treas. Reg. §1.954–3(b)(1) requires that under such conditions the branch must be treated as a separate corporation. The branch's foreign base company income, if any, must be computed separately from the CFC home office income. In essence, the branch rule treats the branch as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the CFC and, if it is a selling branch, treats the branch as selling on behalf of the remainder of the CFC, or, if the branch is a manufacturing branch, treats the CFC as selling on behalf of the branch.
Branch Guidelines
Determine the extent to which a CFC operates through branches outside the country of organization of the CFC. This can be accomplished by an examination of financial statements and by discussion with appropriate shareholders or officers.
Review the relevant foreign tax law to learn the advantages of such branch operations.
Determine whether a branch should be treated as a separate corporation by comparing effective tax rates and applying the 90 percent, 5 percentage point tests set forth in the Regulations. (Treas. Reg. §1.954-3(b)(1)(i)(b) and 3(b)(1)(ii)(b).
Review the manner in which branch income and expenses are segregated from amounts applicable to the home office or other branches. Consider reallocation if appropriate and material.
Property Manufactured, Produced, Grown, or Extracted
Foreign base company sales income does not include income derived from property manufactured, produced, grown, or extracted in the CFC's country of incorporation. The regulations provide detailed guidelines for making this determination. (Treas. Reg. §1.954–3(a)(2).) Before pursuing this area, the examining agent should contact the Practice Network technical specialist who handles the subpart F area for guidance.
Determination of Country of Use, Consumption, or Disposition Guidelines
The regulations contain rules for making this determination. The ultimate destination of the personal property producing the income is of prime importance. (Treas. Reg. §1.954–3(a)(3).)
Check sales to determine the ultimate destination of the goods. A sale to a third party within the country of manufacture could be questionable if the third party exports the good.
Foreign base company services income is income derived in connection with the performance of:
or "like services" for or on behalf of any related person outside the country under the laws of which the CFC is created or organized.
Foreign base company services income also includes services performed by a CFC in a case where substantial assistance contributing to the performance of such services has been furnished by a related person. Treas. Reg. §1.954–4(b)(1)(iv) and (b)(2)(ii).
Exclusions from foreign base company services income are provided for services that are directly related to:
The sale or exchange by the CFC of property manufactured, produced, grown, or extracted by it that are performed before the time of the sale or exchange, or
An offer or effort to sell or exchange such property.
Foreign Base Company Services Audit Steps
Ascertain whether the services are performed outside the country of incorporation of the CFC for, or on behalf of, a related corporation and to what extent.
Separate tests must be made to determine the subpart F income if the CFC is both a selling and service organization.
Generally, services will be considered performed where the persons performing the services are physically located at the time services are rendered. (See Treas. Reg. §1.954-4(c)).
The regulations require an allocation when the services are performed partially within and partially without the foreign corporation's country under the same contract or arrangement. [(See Treas. Reg §1.954–4(c)].
Analyze service contracts performed for, or on behalf of, the related person contract by contract. Income from services performed within the country of incorporation of the CFC is not subpart F income. Income from services performed outside the country of incorporation is subpart F income. The term "on behalf" , for example, means the service could be performed for an unrelated party who had purchased a machine from a related party. This service income could still be subpart F income. [See Treas. Reg §1.954–4(b)].
Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (GILTI)
IRC 951A(a) requires a U.S. shareholder of a CFC to include GILTI in its taxable income each year. The amount included in taxable income for the tax year is called the GILTI inclusion.
The GILTI inclusion with respect to any U.S. shareholder is the excess of:
Net CFC tested income, over;
Net deemed tangible income return, where net deemed tangible income return is defined as 10% of the aggregate pro rata share of qualified business asset investment (QBAI) less specified interest expense.
Net CFC tested income refers to the excess of the aggregate U.S. shareholder's pro-rata share of tested income from all its CFCs over the U.S. shareholder's pro-rata share of tested loss from all its CFCs.
Tested income equals the excess of gross tested income over allocable deductions. A CFC has tested income if its gross tested income exceeds the deductions properly allocable to that income. A CFC's tested gross income is the CFC's gross income excluding the following items:
U.S. source income effectively connected with the conduct by the CFC of a trade or business in the United States (also known as effectively connected income or ECI);
Gross income taken into account in determining its subpart F income;
Gross income excluded from the CFC's FBCI and insurance income by reason of the high-tax exception in IRC 954(b)(4);
Dividends received from a related person; and
Foreign oil and gas extraction income.
The rules for determining the deductions properly allocable to a CFC's gross tested income are similar to the rules for determining deductions properly allocable to foreign base company income under IRC 954(b)(5).
If the CFC's allocable deductions equal or exceed its gross tested income, the CFC has a tested loss.
If a CFC has tested income for the tax year, the CFC is a "tested income CFC" whereas if it has a tested loss for the year, the CFC is a "tested loss CFC." In any given year, a CFC is either a "tested income CFC" or a "tested loss CFC" but not both.
QBAI is the average of a tested income CFC's aggregate adjusted bases as of the close of each quarter of the CFC's year in specified tangible property that is used in a trade or business of the tested income CFC, and is property to which a depreciation deduction is allowable under IRC 167.
Specified tangible property is tangible property used in the production of tested income;
If specified tangible property is used to produce both tested income and income other than tested income (dual-use property), a proportionate amount of property is treated as specified tangible property;
The adjusted basis is generally determined using the alternative depreciation system ("ADS" ) under IRC 168(g) and allocating the depreciation deduction ratably to each day during the taxable year.
Specified interest expense generally refers to the aggregate of the U.S. shareholder's pro rata share of each CFC's tested interest expense less the aggregate of the shareholder's pro rata share of each CFC's tested interest income. Tested interest expense is the interest expense that is in the properly allocable deductions to gross tested income. Tested interest income is interest income that is in the gross tested income.
A corporate taxpayer can generally claim a foreign tax credit for foreign income taxes deemed paid with the GILTI inclusion:
The foreign income taxes deemed paid equals 80 percent of the product of the U.S. shareholder's inclusion percentage, multiplied by the aggregate tested foreign income taxes paid or accrued by the CFCs.
The inclusion percentage is the U.S. shareholder's GILTI inclusion divided by the U.S. shareholder's pro rata share of the aggregate tested income of the CFCs (unreduced by tested losses).
Only foreign income taxes paid or accrued by the CFC that are attributable to the CFC's tested income taken into account by the U.S. shareholder are eligible for the deemed paid credit.
For purposes of computing the foreign tax credit limitation under IRC 904, there is a separate limitation applicable for foreign taxes associated with GILTI.
Under IRC 78, the U.S. shareholder is required to include an amount in its taxable income equal to the foreign income taxes deemed paid on the GILTI inclusion as if such amount had not been limited by 80 percent.
Final Determination of Includible Subpart F Income
After the amount of the U.S. shareholder's subpart F income has been determined, reference should again be made to the exceptions, exclusions, etc. as listed earlier. In addition, the following factors should be considered at this point.
The income to be imputed to the U.S. shareholder is net of all deductions attributable to the income. Deductions must be allocated or apportioned to each item or category of income under Treas. Reg. §1.954–1(c).
IRC 959 is designed to prevent previously taxed earnings and profits from being taxed again, when the earnings are distributed to another CFC in a chain of ownership or when the earnings are distributed to the U.S. shareholders of the CFC. "Previously taxed earnings and profits (PTEP)" generally include amounts previously included in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Increase in Earnings in U.S. Property
In general a U.S. shareholder is taxed on his pro rata share of the CFC's increase in earnings invested in U.S. property.
The amount determined under IRC 956 is the lesser of:
The excess of such shareholder's pro rata share of the average of the amounts of U.S. property held by the CFC as of the close of each quarter over the amount of earnings and profits previously included in the U.S. shareholders gross income as a IRC 956 amount (or that would have been included but for IRC 956 ), or
The shareholder's pro rata share of the applicable earnings of the CFC.
Applicable earnings is the sum of current and accumulated earnings and profits reduced by distributions during the year and previously taxed IRC 956 amounts under IRC 959(c)(1) .
In general, the source of CFC earnings and profits considered invested in U.S. property for IRC 956 purposes is immaterial. For example, earnings and profits derived from manufacturing activities would be subject to this provision.
The amount determined under IRC 956 with respect to a U.S. shareholder for a taxable year of a CFC is reduced to the extent that the U.S. shareholder would be allowed a deduction under IRC 245A if the U.S. shareholder had received a distribution from the CFC.
U.S. Property Defined
U.S. property means any property acquired after December 31, 1962 that is:
Tangible property located in the United States
Stock of a domestic corporation
Any obligation of a U.S. person, including any obligation that the CFC is deemed to hold by reason of its being a pledger or guarantor of such obligation
Any right to the use in the United States of a patent, copyright, invention, model, design, secret formula or process, or any other similar right, which is acquired or developed by the CFC for use in the United States
Exceptions to U.S. Property Definition
Exceptions from the definition of U.S. property include:
Obligations of the U.S. government, money or deposits with persons carrying on a banking business in the United States
Property located in the United States purchased in the United States for export to, or use in, foreign countries
Any obligation of a U.S. person arising in connection with the sale or processing of property. The amount of these obligations cannot exceed the amount that would be ordinary and necessary to carry on a trade or business with unrelated parties
Any aircraft, railroad rolling stock, vessel, motor vehicle, or container used in the transportation of persons or property in foreign commerce and used predominantly outside the United States
Certain insurance reserves
Stocks and obligations of certain domestic corporations. The acquired stock or obligations may not be in a domestic corporation that is a U.S. shareholder of the CFC. The acquired stock or obligations may not be in a corporation in which immediately after the acquisition a U.S. shareholder of the CFC owns 25 percent or more of the total combined voting power of the domestic corporation,
Any movable property (other than a vessel or aircraft) used for exploring, developing, removing, or transporting resources from ocean waters or under such waters when used on the U.S. continental shelf
An amount of assets of the CFC equal to the earnings and profits accumulated after December 31, 1962 excluded from subpart F income under IRC 952(b)
Deposits of cash or securities in the ordinary course of a person's business as a dealer in securities or in commodities, but only to the extent such deposits are made or received as collateral or margin for certain financial transactions
An obligation of a U.S. person to the extent the principal amount of the obligation does not exceed the fair market value of readily marketable securities sold or purchases pursuant to a sale or repurchase agreement or received as collateral for the obligation in the ordinary course of its business by a dealer in securities or commodities
Certain trade or service receivables acquired from related U.S. persons (IRC 956(c)(3))
Earnings Invested in U.S. Property Limitation For Tax Years Prior to 1993
For taxable years of a CFC beginning before September 30, 1993, a U.S. shareholder's pro rata share of the increase for any taxable year in the earnings of a CFC invested in U.S. property is the amount determined by subtracting the amount of investment for the close of the preceding taxable year (reduced by amounts paid to which IRC 959(c)(1) applies) from the amount of investment for the close of the taxable year. To determine the amount of the increase, see the chart in Rev. Rul. 74-436, 1974-2. C.B. 214.
The amount of a CFC's earnings invested in U.S. property at the close of any taxable year is the total amount of such property held, directly or indirectly, as of that date, to the extent this amount would have been a dividend if it had been distributed on that date.
Investment in U.S. Property Guidelines
Where a U.S. shareholder has reduced the basis of property of the CFC by the amount of a liability under IRC 956(a)(1) or excluded property by reason of IRC 956(c)(2), ascertain that the required statement is attached to the return. See Treas. Reg. §1.956–1(e)(4) and §1.956–2(b)(2). To determine basis:
Under IRC 956 the basis of property is the adjusted basis on the applicable determination date reduced by depreciation and/or any liability specifically chargeable to it, such as a mortgage. See IRC 956(a) and Treas. Reg. §1.956-1(e)(1) and (e)(3).
Be alert that a specific charge or liability was not created for the purpose of artificially increasing or decreasing the investment in U.S. property. See Treas. Reg. §1.956–1(e)(1) and (e)(3).
Treas. Reg. §1.956–1(e)(1) states that a liability in excess of the adjusted basis of the property subject to a liability will not be taken into account for reducing the adjusted basis of another property that is not subject to a liability.
An obligation of a U.S. person to which a CFC is a pledger or guarantor under certain conditions is considered U.S. property. See Treas. Reg. §1.956–2(c).
Receivables due from U.S. persons may constitute investments in U.S. property, if acquired directly or indirectly from a related U.S. person. See Treas. Reg. §1.956-3.
An obligation of a U.S. person has specific definition. It does not include certain indebtedness arising out of involuntary conversions of property that is not U.S. property or any obligation arising in connection with the provision of services by the CFC to the U.S. person if the amount of the obligation doesn't exceed the amount that is ordinary and necessary. The regulation provides a 60-day safe harbor. See Treas. Reg. §1.956–2(d)(2)(B).
Be aware that certain financing arrangements are permitted. See the special rules contained in Treas. Reg. §1.956–2(c)(2) and (c)(4).
Earnings and Profits
The earnings and profits of a CFC will be computed substantially as if such corporation were a domestic corporation. The accounting principles and standards used in foreign countries may vary greatly from those used in the United States. The amounts reported in financial statements of the foreign companies must be recomputed to clearly reflect income based on U.S. tax accounting principles and methods. See IRC 964 and the regulations thereunder. The proper determination of earnings and property is vital in the examination of a CFC.
Earnings and profits calculations are required to determine a U.S. shareholder's subpart F income, foreign tax credits and investments in U.S. property.
The audit of a given year may give rise to the determination of correct earnings and profits at different times.
Earnings and Profits Audit Steps
Determine that the proper books and records were used to compute the profit and loss statement from which the determination of earnings and profits was calculated.
Determine that the earnings and profits have not been reduced by amounts included in gross income of U.S. shareholders under IRC 951(a) .
Review the written statement constituting the elections made by the CFC shareholders. Ascertain whether there have been any subsequent modifications or revocations as to these elections.
Determine if the proper adjustments have been made to reflect U.S. accounting standards. For example: determine if accounting practices tend to clearly reflect income, scrutinize asset accounts from time of acquisition and determine method of asset acquisition to ascertain that when the assets are reflected at cost, it is historical cost. See Treas. Reg. §1.964–1 (b)(2) for the definition of historical costs. Verify that historical cost is the basis for depreciation, depletion, or amortization, be alert to undervalued assets or overvalued liabilities that may be allowed under foreign law, scrutinize profit and loss statements for unallowable deductions, scrutinize balance sheets for arbitrary reserves and determine how they were established. Inspect income and expense accounts to verify that income and expenses have not been equalized over two or more accounting periods. For post 1986 tax years, confirm that earnings and profits are maintained in the CFC's functional currency (determined under IRC 985 and the regulations under that section). See Treas. Reg. §1.964-1(a)(2).
Determine if the proper adjustments have been made to reflect U.S. tax standards such as, method of accounting provisions under IRC 446; inventories under IRC 471 and IRC 472; depreciation under IRC 167; compensation plans under IRC 404A; and elections made under other applicable provisions of the Code.
Determine that the controlling U.S. shareholders of a CFC have complied with all the requirements for an election, adoption or change of an accounting method or period. Where the controlling U.S. shareholder is included in a U.S. consolidated return with its U.S. parent, elections, adoptions or changes of an accounting method or period must be made by the U.S. parent. Remember timely filed statements are required by the regulations. All other known U.S. shareholders must be notified with respect to any action taken.
Exclusion of Previously Taxed Earnings and Profits
The purpose of IRC 959 is to avoid double taxation that could occur when amounts that have been previously included in the gross income of U.S. shareholders under IRC 951 are actually distributed to such shareholders.
IRC 959 provides that for any taxable year, earnings and profits of a foreign corporation attributable to amounts included in gross income of a U.S. shareholder under IRC 951 will not again be included in gross income of such shareholders when distributed. In addition, amounts included in gross income of a U.S. shareholder will not be included in gross income of a foreign corporation when such amounts are distributed through a chain of ownership.
See IRC 986(c) for calculation of exchange gain or loss on a distribution of previously taxed earnings and profits.
Adjustments to Basis of Stock Guidelines
Basis of stock should be:
Increased by the amount of the undistributed IRC 951(a) income in the U.S. shareholder's tax return, and
Decreased by a distribution previously taxed as IRC 951(a) income.
Special Rules for Foreign Tax Credit
U.S. tax on subpart F income or GILTI inclusions may generally be reduced by foreign income taxes deemed paid with respect such subpart F income or GILTI inclusions. As discussed above, under IRC 78, the U.S. shareholder generally must include as taxable income an amount equal to the deemed paid foreign taxes.
U.S. shareholders generally may credit foreign taxes directly paid or accrued on distributions of previously taxed earnings and profits. U.S. shareholders may generally also credit some foreign taxes that are deemed paid with distributions of previously taxed earnings and profits. Such foreign taxes must have been imposed on an upper-tier CFC upon receipt of a distribution of previously taxed earnings and profits from a lower-tier CFC. There are some restrictions on the amount and type of foreign tax credit. For example, a U.S. shareholder may not credit all foreign taxes imposed on distributions of previously taxed earnings and profits related to IRC 965. If the U.S. shareholder has no foreign source income in the year of receipt of a distribution of previously taxed earnings and profits, IRC 960(c)allows an increase to the foreign tax credit limitation in certain circumstances.
No deductions are allowed with respect to foreign taxes paid or accrued on previously taxed earnings and profits if the U.S. shareholder chose to credit foreign taxes in the year of the subpart F income or GILTI inclusion.
No credit is allowed under IRC 901 for the applicable percentage (as defined in Treas. Reg. §1.965-5(d)) of any foreign income taxes paid or accrued (or treated as paid or accrued) with respect to any amount for which a deduction is allowed under IRC 965(c).
Foreign Tax Credit Audit Steps
If the taxpayer claims a deduction for foreign taxes paid or accrued on the amount excluded under IRC 959 because it was previously included under IRC 951A, check the Federal income tax return of the year of the GILTI inclusion to verify that no foreign tax credit was claimed
With respect to the increase under IRC 960(c)(1) in the limitation under IRC 904(a) verify that:
The amount of the IRC 904 limitation attributable to the subpart F income or GILTI inclusions.
The amount of foreign taxes allowed as credit because of such inclusions.
The increase or decrease in limitation for intervening years.
That the increase in limitation does not exceed the taxes paid, accrued, or deemed paid for such taxable year on the amount to be excluded under IRC 959.
Note that if the increase in limitation under IRC 960(c)(1) and Treas. Reg. §1.960–4 for a taxable year of exclusion exceeds the tax (before any credits against tax) imposed by Code Chapter 1, such excess will be considered an overpayment of tax. The tax is refundable or creditable according to Code Chapter 65 (IRC 6401 and following). See Treas. Reg §1.960-6.
General Rules and Record Keeping Requirements of U.S. Shareholders
Treas. Reg. §1.964–3 describes the record keeping requirements of the U.S. shareholder. The regulations specifically require that a U.S. shareholder will, within a reasonable time after demand by the director of field operations/area director, give the director of field operations/area director:
Such permanent books of account or records as are sufficient to satisfy the requirements of IRC 6001 and IRC 964(c) or true copies thereof, as are reasonably demanded,
If such books and records are not maintained in the English language either an accurate English translation of such books and records or the services of a qualified interpreter satisfactory to the director of field operations/area director.
The requirements of IRC 6001 and IRC 964(c) will be considered satisfied if the books or records produced are sufficient to verify for the taxable year:
The subpart F income (and exclusions therefrom) of the CFC
The increase in earnings invested by such corporation in U.S. property
Special Rules and Recordkeeping Requirements of U.S. Shareholders
Treas. Reg. §1.964–3(c) provides special rules that state that verification of the subpart F income of the CFC for the taxable year is not required if either:
It can be shown to the satisfaction of the director of field operations that the locus and the nature of such corporation's activities make it unlikely that the foreign base company income of such corporation exceeded 5 percent of its gross income for the taxable year, or
If certain conditions are met for certain insurance companies.
Remember that the burden of demonstrating that these conditions exist is upon the taxpayers. If they cannot carry this burden, then the general rules apply.
The special rules refer solely to relief from maintaining records to verify subpart F income of the CFC. The taxpayer must still maintain records to verify the increase in investments in U.S. property by the CFC.
Examiners should recognize that submission of the required records can be extremely burdensome upon taxpayers if requested indiscriminately. Examiners should carefully consider such requests. Request only records most pertinent to each particular situation.
If the taxpayer has not maintained adequate records, the taxpayer should be advised of the nature of the inadequacies and the requirements of the regulations.
Exhibits IRM 4.61.2-1 and IRM 4.61.2–2 provide guidelines for obtaining information, books, and records of U.S. and foreign entities.
More Internal Revenue Manual
Page Last Reviewed or Updated: 11-Oct-2019
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Which turned out to be a surprisingly shrewd move on my part. You see, back when I bought it California's state sales tax was 5%. On April 1st, however, as part of the compromise package designed to repair our $14 billion (or whatever) state budget deficit, the sales tax rate went up to 6%. So when Micro Center's automated refund software calculated how much it owed me, it recalculated the sales tax and decided that in addition to the $176.55 I originally paid via credit card, I was owed an additional $1.49 in cash (see photographic evidence below). The guy running the register, wisely recognizing that it was futile to argue with the machine, just laughed and handed me the extra dough.
Feeble-minded cash register software aside, I have to say that it speaks well for Micro Center that they didn't waste my time or theirs fussing over this. Which didn't surprise me. In fact, I do all my computer shopping there precisely because, unlike Fry's, which deliberately makes the return process as painful as possible, Micro Center has never given me any hassle at all on the rare occasions when I need to return something. So credit where it's due. And, apparently, even where it's not.
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The little bear he hugged me every night in the crib to sleep. He underwent several aesthetic metamorphoses, but he was still Roque. He did not talk, and I did not either, so it all came down to hugs and jerks of the ears.
One day, after the years, Roque was dusty and went to the drum of a washing machine that turned and turned without compassion. Without considering the value of its load for very program for delicate garments that it had. That day Roque died. It was already inert but this was like a savage execution, of course involuntary. His seams did not resist and a variety of viscera in the form of pieces of foam rubber sprouted from his little body already surrendered to the years, deflated, emaciated. The muzzle released … Roque died.
Already with the photographic passion prowling my life, my goodbye was to immortalize that moment after which I would never see Roque again, who foolishly slipped into several exhibitions of which I made.
It is always a tender thing to remember your first rag friend.
|
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Set on a low maintenance 713m2 block, this neat and tidy brick and tile split-level home has a fantastic easy-care appeal for those wanting to spend less time working and more time relaxing. The block is simple and green with a wide frontage, easy care gardens, and private backyard.
Well positioned in the family friendly suburb of Holland Park, this immaculate low set brick home is ready for new owners. The elevated position above the street delivers an exceptionally quiet environment and a sense of neighbourhood community.
The aspect also maximises the north-easterly breezes into the rear entertaining area.
* 2 minute walk to new childrens playground in Basset Street Park and walking tracks in the adjoining Nature Reserve.
Contact Sue Jackson FineLife Property 0412 872 411 for all enquiries or to arrange a private inspection.
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Курода Кьоко (; 8 травня 1969) — японська футболістка. Вона грала за збірну Японії.
Клубна кар'єра
Виступала в «Пліма Хам Куноїті».
Виступи за збірну
Дебютувала у збірній Японії 12 січня 1989 року в поєдинку проти Фінляндії. У складі японської збірної учасниця жіночого чемпіонату світу 1991 року. З 1989 по 1994 рік зіграла 21 матч та відзначилася 7-а голами в національній збірній.
Статистика виступів
Примітки
Посилання
Японські футболістки
Гравчині збірної Японії з футболу
|
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Morimondo, Vigevano, Abbiategrasso. Enchanting places not far from Milan where the mark of Leonardo and its passage are still visible. Discover with us these charming places.
Day 1 - Morimondo Arrival in Morimondo, dinner and overnight stay.
Day 2 - The scientist Between Abbiategrasso and Vigevano where Leonardo carried out the first studies of water scales, subsequently used for irrigation and reclamation.
Back to Morimondo, dinner and overnight stay.
Day 3 - The cook Leonardo showed an innate love for the art of cooking at the Sforza court by applying it in the kitchens of the castle. We will also try our hand at preparing a medieval lunch.
Welcome drink, overnight stays with breakfast as planned, 2 dinners, medieval lunch and cooking lesson, "Besuschino" coffee tasting, transfers as scheduled, admission ticket and guided tour of the Mora Bassa Mill, guided tour throughout the 2nd day, tourist guide throughout the tour, medical and luggage insurance.
Transfers from the place of departure and return, all lunches except those indicated in "the price includes", drinks with meals if not specified, anything not mentioned in "Included".
Possibility to visit the Morimondo's Abbey, and to extend or modify the journey.
Medical and baggage insurance by Europ Assistance.
|
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MEALS & DEALS
April 2, 2000 | 5:00am
765 Ninth Ave. (between 51st and 52nd streets)
If April showers are putting a damper on your spring, consider a quick trip to the Caribbean, by way of Old San Juan.
The 13-year-old Clinton restaurant specializes in Puerto Rican cuisine with Argentine flourishes – which reflects owners Jack and Adela Talanga's heritage (he's from Argentina; she's from Puerto Rico).
It's become a favorite of transplanted islanders who rave about its mofongo – the mashed, garlic-studded mound of plaintains – as well as by anyone who loves a bargain. The daily lunch specials, replete with rice and beans and salad, are $6.45.
So popular is the place that it recently spawned an off-shoot, Old San Juan Too, at 462 Second Ave. at 26th Street.
At the original, the decor is more Ricky Ricardo than Ricky Martin, even though the young singer's photo is plastered on the door. The eatery is also decorated with straw hats and a guitar pressed against one wall.
Brash pop music comes from the speakers, but it's soon covered up by the happy clamor of people enjoying good food – and lots of it.
Even the starters are substantial. So filling is the Argentine beef empanada – a fried half-moon pastry stuffed with savory meat, olives and onion ($2.50) – that you should probably split it with a friend, though you might not want to.
Camarones en ajillo ($7.95), five firm, fresh shrimp in garlic sauce, comes in a little kettle, bathed in an orange-hued broth that's light on butter and full of flavor.
As entrees go, one of the best bargains in town may be Old San Juan's mixed-seafood asopao ($16.95), a soupy stew of lobster, mussels, shrimp, clams and scallops, every piece of it succulent.
Also tasty was the seafood paella ($16.95), a drier version of the asopao, strewn with ribbons of red pepper and plenty of peas. The arroz con pollo ($9.50) offers a generous helping of tender, dark-meat chicken on the bone.
Vanilla flan ($3.25), smooth and sweet, makes a fitting finale, as does the bread pudding ($3.25), a sturdy, raisin-studded tower crowned by a thick crust of caramelized sugar.
Wash it down with a half-pitcher of the fruity sangria ($8.95), and you'll feel like you're on vacation.
OLD PIZZA HEAD'S STORY IS SO-O-O-O CHEESY ; SHOOT THIS SHO...
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Public & third sector
Car reviews and motoring
Retreat, Recharge & Spa
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Workspaces & Team Building
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Case study: How I set up business in Toronto
Post on: May 24, 2018
Christian Koch
Cathy Ridley, founder and chairman of relocation firm Moveplan, shares the advantages and challenges of setting up an office in Canada's largest city, Toronto
It was as a "one-woman band" that Cathy Ridley set up MovePlan in London in 1986. Thirty-two years on, the firm – which coordinates relocations for companies from two to 25,000 people – now has 14 offices scattered across the globe, from Manhattan to Melbourne.
Having established a presence in the US in 2005, Ridley set her sights on Toronto 10 years later. "It seemed like a no-brainer," she says. "It's the fourth-largest North American city, plus wasn't involved with the 2008 financial crisis.
"It's also North America's second-largest financial centre, which is interesting for us because 70 per cent of our clients are finance-based, such as banks and hedge-funds."
Since opening an office on King Street West (in Toronto's fashion district) in October 2016, MovePlan Canada has attracted clients including three of Canada's biggest banks, as well as a university.
The biggest challenge according to Ridley, has been recruiting. "There is a decent talent pool in Toronto but we have a tough methodology [for recruiting] because we can't get moving wrong.
"Whoever we recruit will need to be trained in 'our way'." To accommodate this, MovePlan has used staff from its US offices to train its Canadian workforce. MovePlan Canada currently employs five staff, led by a British expat.
Ridley also notes that Canada's federal structure, which sees business often regulated by the provinces, is different from the UK, but "is something MovePlan is used to, having worked in the United States."
One surprise of working in Toronto, she says, was that "networking starts earlier. You sometimes get emails saying, 'Would love to meet you – see you at 4.30pm, in a bar!"
But while networking happens with urgency, Ridley cautions that business decision-making doesn't always follow suit. "Canadians are very generous with their time but they don't do things quickly – it takes a while for things to get going," she adds.
Eighteen months after launching in Toronto, Ridley is now looking at expanding to Vancouver, on Canada's Pacific coast.
"In other regions such as the US or Asia, we've built our business via a big client such as the Royal Bank of Scotland. But Canada's been different – we just turned up… It's been a thoroughly pleasant experience so far – we're delighted with the start we've had."
Cathy Ridley is a member of IoD London.
Click here for more advice on international trading
5 steps to becoming a social media leader
Secrets of UK unicorn founders – Taavet Hinrikus, TransferWise
Alongside his work for Director, Christian has written features for the Evening Standard, The Guardian, Sunday Times Style, The Independent, Q, Cosmopolitan, Stylist, ShortList and Glamour in an eclectic career which has seen him interview everybody from Mariah Carey to Michael Douglas through to Richard Branson with newspaper assignments including reporting on the Japanese tsunami and living with an Italian cult.
Heavyweight line-up announced for the IoD's digital strategy summit
Among those appearing at the conference on 17 October will be Julian David, chief executive of techUK
Brady George, managing director, Almeda Facilities
'It's easy to do well in something that you love,' says Director of the Year Award winner
Director of the Year Awards
The rise of the purpose-driven business
Inside Darktrace, the £1.25bn cyber security unicorn
Mary Portas: 'alpha culture' is holding back enterprise
Deborah Meaden – 15 growth tips in five minutes
AI: the end of leadership as we know it?
Growth secrets of UK unicorns revealed
Secrets of UK unicorn founders – Gordon Sanghera, Oxford Nanopore Technologies
Secrets of UK unicorn founders – Rishi Khosla, OakNorth
Building healthy, safe, sustainable success on solid foundations
Chartered Director at 20
The leadership lessons of Tamara Sakovska
'UK lead on governance must be preserved'
'Firms can't play Brexit waiting game much longer'
The leadership lessons of Aston Martin boss Andy Palmer
The leadership inspirations of Bola Tinubu
Brexit – what it means for your business
The IoD's Allie Renison outlines the alternatives for a post-EU Britain and examines the steps UK businesses should be taking now
Director is the magazine for business leaders. Free to IoD members and available to purchase through subscription, each edition is full of insightful interviews with entrepreneurs and company directors
3-7 Herbal Hill
EC1R 5EJ
© Copyright 2017 Seven. All rights reserved.
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The best custom placeholders for websites are simple HTML web pages that identify the site (logo, company/owner name, tag line, and other branding) and offer a means of contacting the site owner by both snail mail and e-mail. Anything else on the page, like a blurb about the company or some recent news items, is gravy.
Above the closing </head> tag in your code, type the internal CSS markup you want to use on your page.
This CSS markup contains instructions that tell the browser how to style the content. These styles center the content in the browser window, style the text in the Georgia font in 12px and an orange color with the hexadecimal color of #ff6600 to match the logo, add a blue dashed border around everything, and use blue as the link color to match the border.
Before this CSS markup can work, however, you must apply this ID style to the page's content.
Wrap a pair of DIV tags around the page content. Put the opening <div> tag directly after the opening <body> tag and the closing </div> tag directly above the closing </body> tag.
DIV tags are container tags for layers that can be styled and positioned with CSS when you include the id or class attribute in the opening tag that matches the name of the style in the CSS markup.
Add the attribute id= " uniqueid " (for example, id= "luauagogo") to the opening <div> tag.
Replace uniqueid with the ID of your choice.
Save the file again to save the changes you just made and preview the page in a browser window.
When creating your own placeholder page, feel free to generate as many graphics and other CSS styles as needed to make the page look exactly as you'd like it to.
If you've already created a mock-up for the website, you may even want to use some of the same design features within the placeholder page. When the page is finished, you need to upload the page and any graphics or other supporting files to the host server so that the placeholder page can brand and identify the domain until the new site is ready to publish.
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With the known desire of George Michael to move into a more adult market, Wham! had announced in the spring of 1986 that Michael and his musical partner Andrew Ridgeley would go their separate ways after a farewell single, album and concert. The album was called "The Final" and the concert was held in front of 72,000 fans at London's Wembley Stadium on Saturday 28 June 1986.
The single, a five-minute tale of emotional and physical frustration within a relationship, was a slick and upbeat — albeit harder-edged than earlier works — pop tune which became the fourth and final No. 1 in the UK Singles Chart (and the final US Top Ten hit, reaching #10) for the duo. Elton John, a friend of Michael and Ridgeley, played piano on the track.
Epic released a double record set in the UK, with an updated version of Wham!'s early signature song "Wham Rap! (Enjoy What You Do)" on the flip of disc one, and two new songs – "Battlestations" and a cover of the Was (Not Was) song "Where Did Your Heart Go?" – on the flip of the second disc. "Where Did Your Heart Go?" was later given an equal billing and reached a lowly position in the UK Top 40 as a result.
In the United States, "The Edge of Heaven" was backed with a live version of "Blue" from Wham!'s tour of China. "Where Did Your Heart Go?" was released separately as the follow-up and the fourth and last single from Music from the Edge of Heaven (the shortened American version of The Final), and charted at #50 (backed with "Wham! Rap '86").
Two months earlier, George Michael had achieved his second solo No. 1 with "A Different Corner" (which also made #7 in the US), and he was back in the charts as a permanent solo artist within six months of "The Edge of Heaven".
|
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You are here:>Visit>Guides>This Is How Hatton Garden Is Attracting Young Talent
This is How Hatton Garden is Attracting Young Talent
Hatton Garden is home to a range of incredible businesses, from jewellers and artisans, to marketing agencies, charities and educational institutions.
At the area's very heart - and the secret to its longevity - is an ability to attract young and graduate talent to carry Hatton Garden's industries into the future. Whether that involves training up the craftsmen of the future, or hiring graduates to bring youth and creativity to a team, Hatton Garden is doing a great job of bringing young talent to its industries.
We spoke to some of the businesses in and around the area about why and how they do it, and this is what they said.
The Goldsmiths' Centre: The UK's leading charity for the professional training of goldsmiths
42 Britton Street, EC1M 5AD / goldsmiths-centre.org
"Talent spotting and supporting the development of emerging craftspeople and designers is both inspiring and rewarding. The Goldsmiths' Centre team is constantly on the lookout for creative talent from across the UK, within all specialisms and at all levels of career. We offer intensive training with some of the leading names in craft with the aim of supporting emerging makers to develop their skills whether designing, making, setting up in business or taking the next steps in a creative career. Becoming part of the Goldsmiths' Centre's wider community also helps young people establish networks which will continue throughout their career in the jewellery, silversmithing and allied industries."
The Goldsmiths' Centre host a number of great events throughout the year.
Get tickets to their evening with Tatty Devine on 25th July or see what else is on.
Gem-A: The oldest gem and jewellery educators in the world
21 Ely Place, EC1N 6TD / gem-a.com
"Gem-A exists today because of the concerns of Hatton Garden dealers over 110 years ago, when synthetic ruby, sapphire and (of bigger concern then) cultured pearls started to appear on the market. We created the world's first formal gemmology training course and since those early days, we have delivered the most prestigious post-nominals in the industry to thousands of graduates of our Gemmology and Diamond Diplomas.
"Still based in Hatton Garden, now directly opposite the building we occupied in 1910, Gem-A offers training that is practical and relevant to today's market. Not only do we teach our students how to make accurate, informed decisions, we also build their confidence, allowing them to speak with authority when interacting with consumers.
"Jewellery is a discretionary spend that competes for consumers' disposable income against the instant gratification of travel or electronic devices. It is therefore vital for the future of Hatton Garden that we invest in education and empower the next generation of gem and jewellery professionals."
Find out more about Gem-A and gemmology by registering to attend their free July Opening Evening.
VIY (Volunteer It Yourself): A social enterprise helping young people learn trade and employability skills
34-35 Hatton Garden / volunteerityourself.org
"VIY (Volunteer It Yourself) is a rarity in Hatton Garden, being a social enterprise that operates in the third sector. Whilst many businesses in the area do not struggle to attract young talent, the third, or charitable, sector can often struggle to attract high potential amongst young graduates, traditionally offering lower salaries and fewer of the perks provided by media jobs that abound in the Farringdon area. VIY, however, is lucky enough to have a young, dynamic team, in part due to recruiting from the UK-wide scheme Charity Works.
"The most recent VIY recruit is a graduate of this scheme, which allows recent graduates to deliver a full time job in a partner charity or housing association, whilst also taking part in an acclaimed leadership programme, introducing them to invaluable elements of what's needed to work and lead in the non-profit sector. Collaboration is a key part of all third sector work, so for VIY to recruit from a scheme like Charity Works not only taps into this, but taps into a wealth of young and inspiring talent."
Crest Communications: A digital marketing and PR agency
34-35 Hatton Garden, hellocrest.com
"At Crest, we're all about bringing young, creative talent on board. In an industry such as ours (PR and marketing) working with young people who have their finger on the pulse, and are immersed in the latest media trends, apps, podcasts and influencers is crucial. We're also always looking ahead on behalf of our clients, thinking about what we can be doing to ensure they're still relevant in two years' time. Young people are a crucial part of this.
"In order to attract young and graduate talent, we offer a range of opportunities alongside full-time job vacancies: such as work experience placements and internships. This means that individuals at graduate level and below are able to work with us and get an understanding of what we do, without committing to a full-time position that they're not ready for. These sorts of placements are a great way of bringing young, creative, keen and engaged talent on board, and giving them that all important on-the-job experience.
"It's all about advertising your roles in the right places. Big job sites such as Indeed and Reed are great, but it's so easy for vacancies to get swallowed up. If it's young people you're after, we'd recommend advertising on top university Careers Portals, on sites like workinstartups.com, and shouting about your vacancy on LinkedIn and Twitter."
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The Best Iced Coffees in Hatton Garden
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CARACAS – About a hundred government supporters stormed into Venezuela's opposition-controlled National Assembly, where they beat up several lawmakers.
Witnesses said the confrontation came after an assembly session to mark the country's Independence Day, Wednesday July 5th.
The military police guarding the site stood by as intruders brandishing sticks and pipes broke through the gate. The government has vowed to investigate. About 350 people were besieged for hours, the assembly's speaker said.
Opposition leader Julio Borges said on Twitter that 108 journalists, as well as students and visitors, were among those stuck inside. Borges also named five of the lawmakers injured. Some were taken away for medical treatment.
Venezuela has been shaken by often violent protests in recent months and is in economic crisis.
"This does not hurt as much as seeing every day how we are losing our country," deputy Armando Armas told reporters as he got into an ambulance, his head swathed in bloody bandages.
Mercosur members in a joint communiqué strongly rejected "violence against the Venezuelan Legislative" and called on the government to end immediately all speech and actions that polarize public opinion, and to respect human rights, the rule of the law and government branches. It also reiterated its willingness to help the Venezuelan people find a way out to the current serious situation.
The U.S. state department condemned the violence, calling it "an assault on the democratic principles cherished by the men and women who struggled for Venezuela's independence 206 years ago today".
Witnesses said several journalists and two assembly staff were also hurt.
Venezuelan newspaper Tal Cual blamed the attack on militias known as "colectivos", and said the group had fired rockets and bangers as they forced their way in. Its report said some of the deputies attacked "fell to the ground and were kicked".
Photos and videos circulating on social media showed victims of the assault with bleeding head wounds. At least one, believed to be Deputy Americo De Grazia, was carried out on a stretcher. Journalists at the scene, said reporters were ordered to leave by the attackers, one of whom had a gun.
The violence unfolded while President Nicolás Maduro was giving a speech at a government-planned Independence Day military parade elsewhere in the capital.
Before the intruders rushed the building, Vice-President Tareck El Aissami made an impromptu appearance in the congress with the head of the armed forces, Vladimir Padrino Lopez, and ministers. El Aissami gave a speech urging the president's supporters to come to the legislature to show support for him.
A crowd had been rallying outside the building for several hours before breaking into the grounds.
In a statement via the ministry of communication, the government said it "condemns the alleged acts of violence in the gardens of the Federal Legislative Palace".
"The national government has ordered the investigation of the aforementioned acts of violence to establish the whole truth, and on that basis, to apply sanctions to those responsible," it said.
Just hours before the scenes at the National Assembly, Venezuela's attorney general was facing suspension for refusing to appear in court.
The charges filed against Luisa Ortega Díaz came after she challenged President Maduro's reform plans.
She says she is being legally pursued for defying the president, but the Supreme Court, which is dominated by government loyalists, says Ms. Ortega has committed serious errors.
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These pan-fried cakes are bursting with the oniony flavor of fresh snipped chives. Serve with sour cream and/or apple sauce.
In a large bowl, beat together the eggs, flour, baking powder, salt, garlic powder and pepper. Mix in the processed potatoes, onion and chives.
Heat oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Working in batches, drop batter into hot oil by heaping tablespoons. Cook approximately 4 minutes per side, until the pancakes are golden brown and crisp. Drain on paper towels. While frying the remaining pancakes, keep fried pancakes warm in a low oven.
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Five Porsche records the new 991 GT2 RS has broken
Porsche has finally unveiled the new 991 GT2 RS at the Festival of Speed. Although the car's first public viewing was actually back at the Xbox OneX launch earlier in June, Goodwood marks the first official unveiling of the car, complete with an array of glittering stats that means the new GT2 RS is also one of the best-ever Neuneflers and a serial 911 record breaker. You can read all the key stats behind the carbon-clad new car in Total 911 issue 156, but here's here's five new gongs the 991 GT2 RS can now lay claim to in the world of road-going Porsche 911s:
1. The Porsche 991 GT2 RS is the most powerful 911 of all time
Well, most powerful factory car of all time at least. With 700hp at its disposal, this sort of output from a flat six engine is usually associated with tuning houses such as Ruf, TechArt or Gemballa. Not any more though, Porsche's new GT2 RS boasting an incredible 80hp hike over its 997 GT2 RS predecessor.
2. The Porsche 991 GT2 RS is the fastest 911 of all time
Previously, it was the 997 GT2 RS and 991.2 Turbo S (on which the 991 GT2 RS's 3.8-litre engine is based) which jointly lay claim to being the fastest road-going 911s of all time, maxing out at a heady 205mph. Now though, the 991 GT2 RS has smashed that figure, accelerating on to a ludicrous 211.2mph.
3. The Porsche 991 GT2 RS is the quickest 911 of all time
Thanks to its lightweight (1,470kg) construction, hefty twin-turbocharged engine and specially tweaked PDK Sport transmission (no manual option here!), the 991 GT2 accelerates from 0-62mph in just 2.8 seconds, usurping the 991.2 Turbo S by a tenth of a second. Just two tenths off the overall Porsche record set by the 918 hypercar, what makes the 991 GT2 RS's achievement even more mesmerizing is this is a car that is rear-drive only.
4. The Porsche 991 GT2 RS is the most expensive 911 of all time
With a list price of £207,500, the GT2 RS is nearly 70-grand more than even the limited-numbers 991 R. Factor in the optional Weissach Pack, which trims a further 30 kilograms of weight in return for a £21,000 fee, plus further options (unbelievably, Sport Chrono is still optional) and the 991 GT2 RS could quite feasibly be the first new 911 costing a quarter of a million pounds.
5. The Porsche 991 GT2 RS has the joint most torque of any 911
The 991 GT2 RS has peak torque of 750Nm, which is shared with the 991.2 Turbo S and is the highest peak twist of any road-going 911, ever.
For the most comprehensive drill-down of the 991 GT2 RS's technical details anywhere on the newsstand, pick up issue 155 of Total 911, available here from 12th July 2017.
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The Internal Revenue Service recently released its Statistics of Income Studies (SOI) reports concerning data for 2010 foreign trusts that have U.S. persons as grantors, transferors, or beneficiaries. The data shows that, despite the various compliance costs associated with reporting requirements, use of foreign trusts by U.S. taxpayers continues to increase.
This article will briefly explain Form 3520 and Form 3520-A, and highlight some of the newly released SOI data relating to such forms. The article is not intended to constitute tax or legal advice. US-International taxation and foreign trusts can involve many complex tax and legal issues, so you are advised to seek an experienced attorney in these matters.
The purpose of Form 3520 ("Annual Return to Report Transactions with Foreign Trusts and Receipt of Certain Foreign Gifts") is for U.S. persons (and executors of estates of U.S. decedents) to report certain transactions with foreign trusts, ownership of foreign trusts (see IRC Sections 671-679), and receipt of certain large gifts or bequests from certain foreign individuals.
The SOI data for Forms 3520 with Gratuitous Transfers for 2010 shows U.S. taxpayers filed 950 returns with transfers for a total value of 1.49 billion dollars. This was an increase in the number of returns from 2006 (752 returns with transfers) and 2002 (429 returns with transfers). The total transferred value for the year of the study, however, decreased from 2002 (2.18 billion) and 2006 (1.64 billion).
Certain countries figure prominently in the SOI data. For Forms 3520 with Gratuitous Transfers for 2010, Mexico led the way with 178 transfers (approximately $236 million in value), followed by Puerto Rico (approximately $57 million in value). Other leading countries include St. Christopher/Nevis, with 58 ($21.68 million), Canada, with 49 ($63.69 million), Isle of Man with 47 ($82.44 million), and United Kingdom and Northern Ireland with 45 (12.78 million).
For Forms 3520 with Non-Grantor Trust Distributions, there were 1,698 total returns with total distributions of 3.165 billion dollars for the 2010 SOI data. This was also an increase from the 2006 data of 1,200 returns with distributions of 2.87 billion, and the 2002 data of 607 returns with distributions of 311 million dollars.
Form 3520-A ("Annual Information Return of Foreign Trust With a U.S. Owner") must be filed by foreign trusts with a U.S. owner in order to satisfy its annual information reporting requirements under section 6048(b). Form 3520-A provides information about the foreign trust, its U.S. beneficiaries, and any U.S. person who is treated as an owner of any portion of the foreign trust.
International tax issues, like foreign trust compliance, are highly complex and result in very costly mistakes and even criminal liability. This is why it is important to consult an experienced Form 3520 foreign trust tax attorney who would be able to analyze the issues involved, identify compliance requirements, complete all of the necessary legal and tax documents, and create a tax plan for moving forward.
Contact Sherayzen Law Office if you are a beneficiary of a foreign trust, an owner of a foreign trust, or you are thinking about a comprehensive asset protection plan involving foreign trusts. Our experienced international tax firm can assist you with U.S. tax compliance with respect to foreign trusts (including Forms 3520, 3520-A, FinCEN Form 114, (formerly form TD F 90-22.1), Form 8938 and other relevant forms) as well as creation of a comprehensive asset protection plan that will strive to balance tax optimization with asset protection strategies according to your needs.
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The new VERSILCRAFT Superyacht will be presented at the Cannes Yacht show from 6 to 11 September 2016.
The V88 continues to represent the original spirit of Versilcraft models, with modern twists and features. Naval architecture is provided by the CLM Studio in Viareggio, with construction, interior design, fit-out and interior carpentry work by Versilcraft and local Italian experts.
The V88 is exceptionally voluminous for her length, in part down to the contemporary and practical plumb bowline, allowing space for a VIP suite to the front portion of the lower deck. The V88 focuses on bringing natural light into the interior and uses premium finishes and design touches, such as removable panelling and hardwood cabinetry.
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GDP Growth (Constant Prices, National Currency) for Madagascar in year 2015 is 3.033 %. Annual percentages of constant price GDP are year-on-year changes; the base year is country-specific.
This makes Madagascar No. 86 in world rankings according to GDP Growth (Constant Prices, National Currency) in year 2015. The world's average GDP Growth (Constant Prices, National Currency) value is 2.35 %; Madagascar is 0.68 more than the average.
In the previous year, 2014, GDP Growth (Constant Prices, National Currency) for Madagascar was 3.32 % GDP Growth (Constant Prices, National Currency) for Madagascar in 2015 was or will be 8.53% less than it was or will be in 2014.
In the following or forecasted year, 2016, GDP Growth (Constant Prices, National Currency) for Madagascar was or will be 4.14 %, which is 36.56% more than the 2015 figure.
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\section{Introduction} One of the major challenges
in group cohomology is the computation of the
cohomology of nilpotent groups. Such computations
are important because general questions about modular group
cohomology can often be reduced to questions that
concern only the cohomology of its
Sylow $p$-subgroup. The structure of the cohomology of $p$-groups can be quite
complicated, but in the case when the cohomology ring is Cohen-Macaulay
(i.e, when the depth equals the Krull dimension), the homological algebra
of the representation theory has more orderly structural features.
In the realm of Lie theory and modular representations
of algebraic groups the nilpotent restricted $p$-Lie algebras
play a similar role to that of the $p$-groups in group
representations. For example, an element in the restricted
cohomology ring of a restricted Lie algebra is nilpotent if and only if
its restriction to every nilpotent subalgebra is nilpotent.
In this paper we address some
basic questions on the structure of the cohomology
rings for these algebras.
Suppose that $({\mathfrak n},[p])$ is a nilpotent restricted
$p$-Lie algebra and that $k$ is an algebraically closed field of
characteristic $p>0$. The spectrum of the cohomology
ring identifies with the restricted nullcone
${\mathcal N}_{1}({\mathfrak n})=\{x\in {\mathfrak n}:\ x^{[p]}=0\}$.
If we assume that $p > 2$, then there
is a spectral sequence \cite{FP}
\[
E_2^{2i,j} = S^{2i}(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)}\otimes \operatorname{H}\nolimits^{j}(\mathfrak n,k) \Rightarrow
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{2i+j}(u(\mathfrak n), k)
\]
where $S^{*}({\mathfrak n}^{*})^{(1)}$ is the Frobenius twist of the
symmetric algebra on the dual of the underlying vector space of $\mathfrak n$,
$\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}(\mathfrak n,k)$ is the ordinary Lie algebra of $\mathfrak n$, and
$\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}(u(\mathfrak n), k)$, is the cohomology ring of the restricted enveloping algebra
$u(\mathfrak n)$ of $\mathfrak n$.
There are many cases in which it is known that
the spectral sequence collapses at the $E_2$ page, so that
$E_2^{*,*}$ is isomorphic to the associated graded
ring of $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n),k)$. In this situation, the
cohomology ring $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n),k)$ is a free module
over the symmetric algebra $S^{*}({\mathfrak n}^{*})^{(1)}$,
and the cohomology ring is Cohen-Macaulay. In 1986,
Friedlander and Parshall \cite{FP} showed this happens
when $\mathfrak n$ is the nilpotent
radical of the Borel subalgebra of the restricted
Lie algebra of an algebraic group, provided $p>h$
where $h$ is the Coxeter number of the associated
root system. Twenty five years later, Drupieski, Ngo
and the second author \cite{DNN}
showed that a stronger result holds when $p\geq 2(h-1)$,
that is, there is a ring isomorphism $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n), k)
\cong S^{*}({\mathfrak n}^{*})^{(1)}\otimes \operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}(\mathfrak n,k)$.
The investigations of this paper were originally inspired
by a computer calculation by the first author
which demonstrated that if $\mathfrak n$ is the Lie
algebra of the nilpotent radical of a Borel
subalgebra of a group of type $B_2$ and if $p=5$ (which is
larger than $h$ but {\em not} larger than $2(h-1)$), then the
isomorphism $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n), k) \cong S^{*}({\mathfrak n}^{*})^{(1)}\otimes
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}(\mathfrak n,k)$ holds a modules
over the symmetric algebra $S^{*}({\mathfrak n}^{*})^{(1)}$ (so that the
cohomology ring is Cohen-Macaulay), but it does {\em not}
hold as rings. A search for the reason for this
phenomenon led to the discovery of a one-dimensional central
extension of $\mathfrak n$ (with trivial $p$th power)
whose cohomology ring is easily proved to
be not Cohen-Macaulay. Indeed, this illustrates
a general situation. One of the theorems in the paper is that if
$\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n), k) \cong S^{*}({\mathfrak n}^{*})^{(1)}\otimes \operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}(\mathfrak n,k)$
holds as an isomorphism of rings, then when $\mathfrak n$ is
replaced by a one-dimensional extension, there is the
same isomorphism, though perhaps only as an isomorphism of
$S^{*}({\mathfrak n}^{*})^{(1)}$-modules. In the paper, we present numerous examples of this
phenomenon.
Cohen-Macaulay rings are of general interest, in part, because they have
very nice structural properties. For example, it can
be shown that for any restricted Lie algebra, if its cohomology ring is
Cohen-Macaulay, then the cohomology ring admits a formal
Poincar\'e duality and its Poincar\'e series, as a rational
polynomial, satisfies a functional equation \cite{BC1, BC2}. In the
case of a $p$-nilpotent Lie algebra with vanishing $p$-power
operation, we show that the cohomology ring is Cohen-Macaulay
if and only if the spectral sequence
given above collapses at the $E_2$-page.
The paper is organized as follows. In the following
section of the paper, we present
preliminaries about cohomology rings and the
definitions from commutative algebra.
A proof that the cohomology ring is Cohen-Macaulay
if and only if the spectral sequence collapses is given
in Section 3. We also prove results which
describe how the spectral sequence behaves under
central extensions in that section. The next
four sections are concerned with specific examples. In the case that if $\mathfrak n$
is the nilpotent radical of a Borel
subalgebra of $\mathfrak{sl}_3$ (i.e., type $A_2$), and the
field has characteristic 3, then the isomorphism
$\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n), k) \cong
S^{*}({\mathfrak n})^{(1)}\otimes \operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}(\mathfrak n,k)$
holds as modules over the symmetric algebra, but not as ring.
Similar examples are given in type $B_2$ in characteristic 5 and in
type $G_2$ in characteristic 7. In each example, there is a one-dimensional
extension of the Lie algebra whose cohomology ring is not Cohen-Macaulay.
Examples of Lie algebra whose cohomology rings are not Cohen-Macaulay
are given in all characteristics. In Section 8, we
outline which Lie algebra of dimension 5 have
cohomology rings that are Cohen-Macaulay. In Section 9, we look at the
special case of the nilpotent radical of the Borel
subalgebra of $\mathfrak{sl}_4$ when $h<p<2(h-1)$ and
show that the cohomology ring can be identified the
symmetric algebra tensored with the ordinary Lie algebra cohomology as rings.
\section{Preliminaries}
Let $({\mathfrak g},[p])$ be a restricted Lie algebra
over an algebraically closed field of characteristic
$p>0$. Throughout this paper we will work with
the added assumption that $p\geq 3$.
The restricted representations for ${\mathfrak g}$
correspond to modules for the restricted enveloping
algebra $u({\mathfrak g})$. Since $u({\mathfrak g})$
is a finite-dimensional cocommutative Hopf
algebra the cohomology ring
$\text{H}^{*}(u({\mathfrak g}),k)$ is a finitely
generated graded-commutative $k$-algebra.
For these types of rings, notions like
Krull dimension and spectrum are well defined.
The spectrum of the cohomology ring
${\mathcal V}_{\mathfrak g}$ is homeomorphic to
the restricted nullcone:
\[
{\mathcal N}_{1}({\mathfrak g}):=
\{x\in {\mathfrak g}:\ x^{[p]}=0\}.
\]
\vskip.1in
When $p\geq 3$ there exists a the spectral
sequence
\begin{equation}\label{specseq1}
E_2^{2i,j} \ \ = \ \ S^i({\mathfrak g}^*)^{(1)}
\otimes \operatorname{H}\nolimits^i({\mathfrak g},k) \Rightarrow
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{2i+j}(u({\mathfrak g}), k)
\end{equation}
where $\text{H}^{*}({\mathfrak g},k)$ is the
ordinary Lie algebra cohomology.
In particular, the map of the universal
enveloping algebra of $\mathfrak g$ to the restricted
enveloping algebra of $\mathfrak g$ induces an edge
homomorphism from the restricted cohomology
to the ordinary Lie
algebra cohomology. On the other hand,
there is another edge
homomorphism $\Phi: S^{*}({\mathfrak g}^{*})^{(1)}\rightarrow
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{2*}(u({\mathfrak g}),k)$ which induces
an inclusion of
$R=k[{\mathcal N}_{1}({\mathfrak g})]\hookrightarrow
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}(u({\mathfrak g}),k)$. Furthermore,
$\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}(u({\mathfrak g}),k)$ is an integral
extension of $R$.
The following observation is a consequence of these facts in the
event that the $p$-power operation vanishes on a
nilpotent restricted $p$-Lie algebra $\mathfrak n$. In this situation, ${\mathcal{N}}_1(\mathfrak n)
= \mathfrak n$ and its coordinate ring is $S^*(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)}$. Indeed, any
restricted Lie algebra with vanishing $p$-power operation is nilpotent.
\begin{prop} \label{prop:symmetric}
Suppose that $\mathfrak n$ is a restricted Lie algebra such
that $x^{[p]} = 0$ for all $x \in \mathfrak n$. Then the edge
homomorphism $S^*(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)} \to \operatorname{H}\nolimits^{2*}(u(\mathfrak n),k)$
is an injection.
\end{prop}
We require several ring theoretic notions which, though usually
defined for commutative rings or commutative local rings,
apply also to graded-commutative $k$-algebras.
Suppose that
$A = \sum_{i \geq 0} A_i$ is a graded-commutative $k$-algebra and that
$M = \sum_{i \geq 0} M_i$ is a graded $A$-module. A sequence
$x_1, \dots, x_r$ of homogeneous elements of $A$ is said to be
a {\it regular sequence} for $M$ if for every $i = 1, \dots, r$, we
have that multiplication by $x_i$ is an injective map from
$M/(x_1, \dots, x_{i-1})M$ to itself. The {\it depth} of $M$ is
the length of the longest regular sequence for $M$, and the
depth of $A$ is the depth of $A$ as a module over itself.
A sequence of homogeneous elements $x_1, \dots, x_r$ is a homogeneous
set of parameters for $A$, if $x_1, \dots, x_r$
generate a polynomial subring $R = k[x_1, \dots, x_r] \subseteq A$
and that $A$ is finitely generated as a module over $R$. In this case,
the number $r$ must be the Krull dimension of $A$. The module
$M$ is {\it Cohen-Macaulay} if its depth is equal to the Krull
dimension of $A$. The algebra $A$ is Cohen-Macaulay if it is
Cohen-Macaulay as a module over itself. This is equivalent to
the condition that there be a homogeneous set of parameters
$x_1, \dots, x_r$ for $A$ such that $A$ is a finitely generated
free module over the polynomial subring $k[x_1, \dots, x_r]$.
It is a theorem that if there is a homogeneous set of parameters
$x_1, \dots, x_r$ such that $A$ is a finitely generated free
module over $k[x_1, \dots, x_r]$, then $A$ is a finitely generated
free module over $k[y_1, \dots, y_r]$ for any homogeneous
set of parameters $y_1, \dots, y_r$. For a reference,
see Proposition 3.1 of \cite{St} or Theorem 2, page IV-20 of
\cite{Se}. Note that in the book of Serre, the proof is given
only for commutative local rings, but can be easily adapted to
the graded-commutative case.
With these preliminaries, we can extract the results
that we need for this paper.
\begin{thm}\label{thm:CM-prelim}
Suppose that $\mathfrak n$ is a $p$-nilpotent Lie algebra with trivial
$p$th-power operation (i.e., $x^{[p]} = 0$ for all $x \in \mathfrak n$).
Then the cohomology ring $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n),k)$
is Cohen-Macaulay if and only if it is a free module over
the polynomial subring $S^{*}(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)}$. In particular,
no nonzero element of $S^{*}(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)}$ can be a divisor of
zero if the cohomology ring is Cohen-Macaulay.
\end{thm}
\begin{proof} The last statement clearly follows from the first part of the
theorem. Suppose that $x_1, \dots, x_r$ is a basis for $\mathfrak n^*$.
By Proposition~\ref{prop:symmetric},
$$S^{*}(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)}= k[x_1, \dots, x_r] \subseteq \operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n),k).$$
Because the ordinary Lie algebra cohomology $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(\mathfrak n,k)$
is finite dimensional, we have that $x_1, \dots, x_r$
is a homogeneous set of parameters for $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n),k)$.
If $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n),k)$ is a finitely generated
free module over $S(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)}$, then
it is Cohen-Macaulay. On the other hand, if $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n),k)$
is Cohen-Macaulay, then it must be free as a
module over $S(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)}$, by the results
cited above.
\end{proof}
\section{Consequences of the Lie cohomology spectral sequence}
Let $\mathfrak n$ be a restricted Lie algebra with trivial $p$-restriction.
We consider the first quadrant spectral sequence given as
\begin{equation} \label{eq:specseq}
E_2^{2i,j} \ \ = \ \ S^i(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)}
\otimes \operatorname{H}\nolimits^i(\mathfrak n,k) \Rightarrow
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{2i+j}(u(\mathfrak n), j)
\end{equation}
One of important fact to note about the spectral sequence
is that $E_2^{i,j} = \{0\}$ if $j > \operatorname{Dim}\nolimits(\mathfrak n)$. This is simply because
the ordinary Lie algebra cohomology of $\mathfrak n$ has the property that
$\operatorname{H}\nolimits^j(\mathfrak n, k) = \{0\}$ for $j > \operatorname{Dim}\nolimits(\mathfrak n)$.
This spectral sequence can be used to show that
the cohomology of $u({\mathfrak n})$ is Cohen-Macaulay.
\begin{prop}\label{prop:specseq}
If the spectral sequence $E_*^{*,*}$ collapses at the $E_2$ page,
then $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n),k)$ is free as module over the polynomial
subalgebra $S= S^{*}(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)}.$ In particular, it is
Cohen-Macaulay.
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
The spectral sequence is a filtered version of the cohomology
$\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u({\mathfrak n}),k)$. That is, if $\zeta \in E_2^{i,j}$ and $\eta
\in E_2^{r,s}$ then $\zeta\eta \in \sum_{\ell \geq 0} E_2^{i+r+\ell,
j+s-\ell}$. For this reason, for any $m$ the collection of
the lowest $m$ rows, ($U_m = \sum E_2^{i,j}$ with $i \geq 0$ and
$0 \leq j \leq m$) is a module over $S$, which lies in the
bottom row. Because the spectral sequence collapses,
$E_2 = E_{\infty}$ and the
quotients $U_m/U_{m-1}$ are free $S$-modules. Hence,
the proposition follows from the fact that every one of the
quotient maps $U_m \to U_m/U_{m-1}$ must split as a map of
$S$-modules.
\end{proof}
Many of the results of
\cite{BC1} apply in the case that the polynomial ring is
Cohen-Macaulay. In particular, we have the following
adaptation of \cite[Theorem 1.1]{BC1}. We refer the reader
to that paper for the proof which carries over from group
cohomology to restricted Lie algebra cohomology with only
minimal changes.
\begin{thm} \label{thm:bc}
Suppose that $\mathfrak n$ is a restricted $p$-Lie algebra with trivial $p$th-power
operation. Let $d$ denote the dimension of $\mathfrak u$.
If the cohomology ring $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n), k)$
is Cohen-Macaulay, then any basis for $\mathfrak n^*$, meaning
any complete linearly independent set of
degree-two generators $X_1, \dots, X_d$ for the symmetric algebra
$S^{*}(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)}$, is a homogeneous set of parameters for
$\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n),k)$ and the quotient
\[
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n),k)/(X_1, \dots, X_d)
\]
satisfies Poincar\'e duality in formal dimension $d$. Moreover,
the Poincar\'e series $P_k(t) = \sum_{i \geq 0}
\operatorname{Dim}\nolimits \operatorname{H}\nolimits^i(u(\mathfrak u),k)\ t^{i}$, regarded as a rational function of $t$
satisfies the functional equation
\[
P_k(1/t) = (-t)^d P_k(t).
\]
\end{thm}
A consequence of the preceding result is the following.
\begin{cor}\label{cor:bc}
Suppose that $\mathfrak n$ is a restricted $p$-Lie algebra of dimension $d$
whose $p$-power operation is trivial. Then the
spectral sequence (\ref{eq:specseq}) collapses at the $E_2$ page if and only if
the cohomology ring $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n),k)$ is Cohen-Macaulay.
In this case, the edge homomorphism $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n),k) \to \operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(\mathfrak n,k)$
is surjective and the Poincar\'e series, as a rational
function has the form
\[
P_k(t) = \frac{f_k(t)}{(1-t^2)^d},
\]
where $f_k(t)$ is the Poincar\'e polynomial for the ordinary
Lie algebra cohomology $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(\mathfrak n,k)$.
\end{cor}
\begin{proof}
For convenience of notation let $S = S^{*}(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)}$ and let
$\operatorname{H}\nolimits^* = \operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n).k)$. By Proposition \ref{prop:specseq},
if the spectral sequence (\ref{eq:specseq}) collapses at the $E_2$
page then $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*$ is Cohen-Macaulay. We need to prove the
converse. So assume that $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*$ is Cohen-Macaulay. For $t \geq 0$,
let $M_t = S \cdot \sum_{j=0}^t \operatorname{H}\nolimits^j$, the $S$-submodule of
$\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*$ generated by elements of degree at most $t$. By Theorem
\ref{thm:bc}, this is a free $S$-module. That is, let $I = (X_1,
\dots, X_d)$ (in the notation of the theorem). Then $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*$
is a free $S$-module on a set of homogeneous elements
$\zeta_1, \dots, \zeta_m$ whose classes form a basis of $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*/I$.
If $\zeta_1, \dots, \zeta_\ell$ are all of those element of
degree at most $t$, then it is easily seen that $M_t$ is a
free module on these elements.
Now we proceed by induction on $t$ to prove that
\[
M_t/I \cdot M_t \ \cong \ \sum_{i = 0}^t E_2^{0,i},
\]
as vector spaces, and that no differential $d_r$ on the
$r^{th}$ page of the spectral
sequence has a nonzero image on any of the lines $E_r^{*,0}, \dots,
E_r^{*,t}$. This is true if $t = 0$, by Proposition \ref{prop:symmetric}.
That is, the differential $d_r$ on the $r^{th}$-page cannot have a
nonzero image $d_r:E_r^{j,r-1} \to E_r^{j+r,0}$ as otherwise the
edge homomorphism onto the bottom row would not be injective.
So assume that the statement is true for a certain value of $t$.
Then the differential $d_r$ on the $r^{th}$ page of the spectral
sequence must vanish on $E_r^{*,t+1}$, as otherwise there would be
a nonzero image on one of the lower lines. Therefore, $E_2^{0,j}
= E_\infty^{0,j}$ for all $j$ with $0 \leq j \leq t+1$. As a consequence,
$M_{t+1}$ is generated as an $S$-module by elements representing a
$k$-basis for $\sum_{i=0}^{t+1} E_\infty^{0,i} \cong \sum_{i=0}^{t+1}
E_2^{0,i}$. That is, $M_{t+1} \cong \sum_{i=1}^{t+1} E_\infty^{*,i}$.
Because, this is a free $S$-module, it must be that
\[
\sum_{i=1}^{t+1} E_\infty^{*,i} \ \cong \ \sum_{i=1}^{t+1} E_2^{*,i}
\]
since these are both free modules on the same number of generators.
It follows that no differential of the spectral sequence can have a
nonzero image on row $t+1$. The induction proves the corollary.
\end{proof}
We record the following lemma which will be later
useful in comparing spectral sequences.
\begin{lemma} \label{lem:eqdim}
Suppose that $\operatorname{Dim}\nolimits \operatorname{H}\nolimits^m(u(\mathfrak n),k) = \sum_{2i+j = m}
\operatorname{Dim}\nolimits(S^{2i}(\mathfrak n^*) \otimes \operatorname{H}\nolimits^j(\mathfrak n,k))$ for
all $m \geq 0$. Then the spectral sequence (\ref{eq:specseq})
collapses at the $E_2$ page and the cohomology ring $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n),k)$
is Cohen-Macaulay.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
The hypotheses of the lemma asserts that $\operatorname{Dim}\nolimits \operatorname{H}\nolimits^m(u({\mathfrak n}),k) =
\sum_{m = 2i+j} \operatorname{Dim}\nolimits E_2^{2i+j}$. The condition forces the
spectral sequence to collapse at the $E_2$ page, because
otherwise there would be some further nontrivial differential
that would reduce the dimension.
\end{proof}
Nilpotent Lie algebras can be built up from central extensions. The
next theorem provides conditions
on when the spectral sequence will
collapse at $E_{2}$ under a central extension and
yield an isomorphism of $S^{*}({\mathfrak n}^{*})^{(1)}$-modules.
\begin{thm}\label{thm:tensoralg}
Let $\mathfrak n$ be a nilpotent restricted $p$-Lie algebra with
trivial $p$-power operation. Assume that $\mathfrak z$ is a central ideal
of dimension one. Suppose that we have
an isomorphism of rings
\[
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak z), k) \cong S^{*}((\mathfrak n/\mathfrak z)^*)^{(1)}
\otimes \operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak z,k).
\]
Then
\[
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n), k) \cong S^{*}(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)}
\otimes \operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(\mathfrak n,k).
\]
as modules over $S^{*}(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)}$. In particular,
$\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n),k)$ is Cohen-Macaulay.
\end{thm}
\begin{proof}
We use the Lyndon-Hochschild-Serre (LHS) spectral sequence
\[
E_2^{i,j} = \operatorname{H}\nolimits^i(u(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak z), \operatorname{H}\nolimits^j(u(\mathfrak z),k))
\Rightarrow \operatorname{H}\nolimits^{i+j}(u(\mathfrak n),k).
\]
Since ${\mathfrak z}$ is central, $\mathfrak n$ acts trivially on $\mathfrak z$
and hence also trivially on its cohomology. Thus we have
$E_{2}^{i,j}\cong \operatorname{H}\nolimits^i(u(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak z),k)\otimes \operatorname{H}\nolimits^j(u(\mathfrak z),k)$.
Next note that $E_2^{0,1}$ has dimension one, and is spanned by an
element $x$. Then $d_2(x) = s + v$, where $s$ is in
$S^1((\mathfrak n/\mathfrak z)^*)^{(1)} \otimes 1$ and $v$ is in
$1 \otimes \operatorname{H}\nolimits^2(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak z,k)$ by the hypothesis. Also
by the hypothesis, we have that $v^n = 0$ for $n$ sufficiently
large, since $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak z,k)$ has finite dimension.
Consequently, for $r$ sufficiently large we have that
$0 = (s+v)^{p^r} = s^{p^r} + v^{p^r}= s^{p^r}$ on the
$E_3$ page of the spectral sequence. However, if $s$ is
not zero, then we have a contradiction to the fact that
$S^{*}(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)}$ injects into the cohomology ring
$\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{2*}(u(\mathfrak n),k)$. So $d_2(x) \in 1 \otimes
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^2(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak z,k)$.
Next we see that the rows $E_2^{*,0}$ and $E_2^{*,1}$ are
both isomorphic to $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak z), k)$ as modules
over the symmetric algebra $S^{*}((\mathfrak n/\mathfrak z)^*)^{(1)}$. Moreover,
the differential $d_2: E_2^{*,1} \to E_2^{*+2,0}$
is a homomorphism of $S^{*}((\mathfrak n/\mathfrak z)^*)^{(1)}$-modules. More
specifically, we have that the differential
\[
d_2 : S^{*}(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)} \otimes \operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}(\mathfrak n,k) \cong E_2^{*,1}
\longrightarrow E_2^{*,0} \cong S^{*}(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)} \otimes \operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}(\mathfrak n,k)
\]
is multiplication by $d_2(x)$ which has the form
$d_2(x) = 1 \otimes w \in 1 \otimes
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^2(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak z,k)$. Hence, by the hypothesis, we have
that $E_3^{*,1} \cong S(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)} \otimes K$ and
$E_3^{*,1} \cong S(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)} \otimes C$, where
$K$ and $C$ are
respectively the kernel and cokernel of multiplication
by $w$ on $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak z,k)$.
We now observe that the element $w \in \operatorname{H}\nolimits^2(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak z, k)$
is the extension class associated to the extension
$\mathfrak z \hookrightarrow \mathfrak n \rightarrow \mathfrak n/\mathfrak z$. In the LHS
spectral sequence $\hat{E}_2^{i,j} = \operatorname{H}\nolimits^i(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak z,
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^j(\mathfrak z,k)) \Rightarrow \operatorname{H}\nolimits^{i+j}(\mathfrak n,k)$,
of ordinary Lie algebra cohomology associated to that
sequence, the differential $d_2: \hat{E}_2^{*,1}
\to \hat{E}_2^{*,0}$ is multiplication by $w$. In
addition, there can be no further differentials
in that spectral sequence, since the sequence has
only two nonzero rows. It
follows that $E_2^{*,0} \oplus E_2^{*,1} \cong
S^{*}((\mathfrak n/\mathfrak z)^*)^{(1)} \otimes \operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(\mathfrak n, k)$ as
(free) modules over $S^{*}((\mathfrak n/\mathfrak z)^*)^{(1)}$.
Finally, we note that $E_3 = E_\infty$. The reason is that
the $E_3$ page is generated, as a ring by the elements on
the bottom two rows ($E_3^{*,0}$ and $E_3^{*,1}$) and
an element $X$ in $E_3^{0,2}$ that represents the class
of a generator in $S^{*}(\mathfrak z^*)^{(1)} \subseteq S^{*}(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)}$.
The class $X$ must survive until the $E_\infty$ page
of the spectral sequence. So $d_2(X) = 0$, and we must have
that $XE_3^{i,j} = E_3^{i, j+2}$ for all $i, j \geq 0$.
Consequently, the differential
$d_3$ must vanish, because it vanishes on a collection of
ring generators. The same holds for all further
differentials in the spectral sequence.
We have verified the hypothesis of Lemma \ref{lem:eqdim}
and the theorem is proved.
\end{proof}
As an initial application we offer the following. Notice that the
algebra $\mathfrak n$ in the corollary must be the direct sum of a commutative
Lie algebra and a Heisenberg Lie algebra. Assuming $p \geq 3$, any such
ordinar Lie algebra can be made into a restricted Lie algebra by
assuming a vanishing $p$-power operation.
\begin{cor} \label{cor:dim1comm}
Suppose that $\operatorname{Dim}\nolimits([\mathfrak n, \mathfrak n]) = 1$.
Then $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u({\mathfrak n}), k) \cong S^{*}(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)} \otimes
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(\mathfrak n,k)$, as $S^{*}(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)}$-modules,
and $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u({\mathfrak n}),k)$ is Cohen-Macaulay.
\end{cor}
\begin{proof} Observe that the quotient algebra $\mathfrak v = \mathfrak n/[\mathfrak n,\mathfrak n]$
is commutative and hence we have that
$\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak v), k) \cong S^{*}(\mathfrak v^*)^{(1)}
\otimes \operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(\mathfrak v,k)$ as rings. Thus, Theorem~\ref{thm:tensoralg}
implies the corollary.
\end{proof}
The next theorem provides
stronger conditions which will show when one can identify
$\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}(u({\mathfrak n}),k)$ with $S^{*}({\mathfrak n}^{*})^{(1)}\otimes
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}({\mathfrak n},k)$ as rings. Together this theorem in conjunction with Theorem~\ref{thm:tensoralg}
can be applied to inductively compute cohomology rings.
\begin{thm}\label{th:splitting} Let ${\mathfrak n}$ be a
$p$-nilpotent Lie algebra and suppose that
there is an isomorphism of $S^{*}({\mathfrak n}^{*})^{(1)}$-modules,
$$
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}(u({\mathfrak n}),k)\cong S^{*}({\mathfrak n}^{*})^{(1)}
\otimes \operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}({\mathfrak n},k).
$$
Moreover, assume that there exists a subalgebra $B$ in
$\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}(u({\mathfrak n}),k)$ such that
$B\cong \operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}({\mathfrak n},k)$ under the map
$\phi:\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*} (u({\mathfrak n}),k) \rightarrow
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}({\mathfrak n},k)$. Then
$\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}(u({\mathfrak n}),k)\cong S^{*}({\mathfrak n}^{*})^{[1]}\otimes
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}({\mathfrak n},k)$ as rings.
\end{thm}
\begin{proof} Let $A$ be the subalgebra in
$\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}(u({\mathfrak n}),k)$ isomorphic to $S^{*}({\mathfrak n}^{*})^{(1)}$.
We have an algebra homomorphism $\Gamma$ defined by
\[
S^{*}({\mathfrak n}^{*})^{(1)}\otimes \operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}({\mathfrak n},k)
\rightarrow A\otimes B \rightarrow \operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}(u({\mathfrak n}),k)\otimes
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}(u({\mathfrak n}),k) \rightarrow \operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}(u({\mathfrak n}),k).
\]
The last map is given by the cup product. This map is bijective because
\[
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}(u({\mathfrak n}),k)\cong S^{*}({\mathfrak n}^{*})^{(1)}\otimes
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}({\mathfrak n},k).
\]
as $S^{*}({\mathfrak n}^{*})^{(1)}$-modules.
\end{proof}
\section{Some examples of type A}
We begin with the example of the nilpotent radical $\mathfrak n$ of a Borel
subalgebra of $\mathfrak{sl}_3$. The relations for the cohomology in
characteristic 3 were
calculated by computer using the system Magma \cite{BoCa}.
Specifically, we use the package for basic algebras written by
the first author. Two of the three unusual relation can be
derived from the second example in this section.
Note that $\mathfrak n$ has an action of a two dimensional torus.
Let $\alpha$ and $\beta$ be the simple roots. By convention
the weights of $\mathfrak n$ consist of sums of negative roots so that its
cohomology has weights in the positive cone of roots. For convenience, we
subscript elements by their weights whenever this causes no
problems.
\begin{lemma}\label{sl3-ordin}
Let $\mathfrak n$ be the nilpotent radical of a Borel subalgebra of
$\mathfrak{sl}_3$ over a field of characteristic at least three.
Then the ordinary Lie algebra cohomology of $\mathfrak n$ is
given as
\[
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(\mathfrak n, k) = k[\eta_\alpha, \eta_\beta, \eta_{2\alpha+\beta},
\eta_{\alpha+2\beta}]/I
\]
where $I$ is the ideal generated by
\[
\eta_\alpha^2, \ \eta_\alpha\eta_\beta, \
\eta_\beta^2, \ \eta_\alpha\eta_{2\alpha+\beta}, \
\eta_\beta\eta_{\alpha+2\beta}, \
\eta_\beta\eta_{2\alpha+\beta} +\eta_{\alpha}\eta_{\alpha+2\beta}, \
\eta_{2\alpha+\beta}^2, \
\eta_{\alpha+2\beta}^2, \
\eta_{2\alpha+\beta}\eta_{\alpha+2\beta} \
\]
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
The result follows easily from the LHS spectral sequence
$E_2^{i,j} = \operatorname{H}\nolimits^i(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak z, \operatorname{H}\nolimits^j(\mathfrak z,k))
\Rightarrow \operatorname{H}\nolimits^{i+j}(\mathfrak n,k)$. Note that the
torus $T$ acts on the spectral sequence. We let
$\eta_\alpha$ and $\eta_\beta$ be the generators of $E_2^{1,0}$
having weights $\alpha$ and $\beta$ and let
$\eta_{\alpha+\beta}$ be the generator of $E_2^{0,1}$ with weight
$\alpha+\beta$. It is easy to check
that $d_2(\eta_{\alpha+\beta}) =
\eta_\alpha\eta_\beta$, which is the extension class. The elements
$\eta_\alpha\eta_{\alpha+\beta}$ and
$\eta_{\beta}\eta_{\alpha+\beta}$ survive to
the $E_3 = E_{\infty}$ page, and are ring generators \--
which we call $\eta_{2\alpha+\beta}$ and
$\eta_{\alpha+2\beta}$, respectively. The
relations follow easily from the relations
in the exterior algebra of ${\mathfrak n}^{*}$.
\end{proof}
With this lemma, we can compute the cohomology of the
restricted Lie algebra. The following calculation is
computer generated in part. However,
as we see in the next example all but one of the
relations can be derived by hand.
\begin{prop}\label{sl3-rest}
Let $k$ be a field of characteristic 3.
Let $u(\mathfrak n)$ be the restricted enveloping algebra
of the Lie algebra $\mathfrak n$ which is the nilpotent
radical of the Borel subalgebra of $\mathfrak{sl}_3$. Then the
cohomology ring $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}(u(\mathfrak n),k) \cong S^{*}(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)}
\otimes \operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(\mathfrak n, k)$ is a free
$S^{*}(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)}$-module with basis consisting
of the images of a basis of the ordinary Lie algebra
cohomology of $\mathfrak n$ as in Lemma \ref{sl3-ordin}.
The ring $S^{*}(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)}$ is a polynomial ring
in variables $X_\alpha, X_\beta$ and
$X_{\alpha+\beta}$ having weights
$3\alpha, 3\beta$ and $3(\alpha+\beta)$ under
the action of the torus.
The multiplicative relations are given by
\[
\eta_\alpha^2, \
\eta_\alpha\eta_\beta, \
\eta_\beta^2, \
\eta_\beta\eta_{2\alpha+\beta} +\eta_{\alpha}\eta_{\alpha+2\beta}, \
\eta_{2\alpha+\beta}^2, \
\eta_{\alpha+2\beta}^2, \
\]
\[
\eta_\alpha\eta_{2\alpha+\beta}- \eta_\beta X_\alpha, \
\eta_\beta\eta_{\alpha+2\beta} - \eta_\alpha X_\beta, \
\eta_{2\alpha+\beta}\eta_{\alpha+2\beta} - X_\alpha X_\beta
\]
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
First note that the isomorphism
$\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}(u(\mathfrak n),k) \cong S^{*}(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)}
\otimes \operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(\mathfrak n, k)$ is a consequence of
Corollary \ref{cor:dim1comm}.
Consider that LHS spectral sequence
\[
E_2^{i,j} = \operatorname{H}\nolimits^i(u(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak z), \operatorname{H}\nolimits^j(u(\mathfrak z),k))
\Rightarrow \operatorname{H}\nolimits^{i+j}(u(\mathfrak n),k)
\]
We have elements $a,b$ in $E_2^{1,0}$ and $u$ in $E_2^{0,1}$.
The differential on the $E_2$ page has the form $d_2(u) = ab$
as in the proof of Lemma~\ref{sl3-ordin}. A representative of
$X_{\alpha+\beta}$ is in $E_2^{0,2}$, and this element must live until
the $E_{\infty}$ page. Because the resulting ring at the
$E_3$ page is generated in degrees one and two, we conclude
that all further differentials must vanish and
$E_3 = E_\infty$. The problem is to ungrade the spectral
sequence. The first six relations are forced by the
grading on the spectral sequence and by the action of
the torus. For example,
the relation
$\eta_\beta\eta_{2\alpha+\beta} +
\eta_{\alpha}\eta_{\alpha+2\beta}$ holds on the
(graded) $E_3$ page and must hold in the ungrading
because there is no nonzero element of that
weight ($2\alpha+2\beta$) in $E_3^{3,0}$.
For the last three relations, we rely on the computer.
For example, $\eta_\alpha\eta_{2\alpha+\beta} = 0$ in the graded
$E_3$ page. This element lies in $E_3^{2,1}$ in the
ungrading it is equal to $\eta_\beta X_\alpha \in E_3^{4,0}$.
Note that both elements
have weight $3\alpha+\beta$. The other two relations
are similar.
\end{proof}
Next we extend the example slightly to get a
nilpotent Lie algebra (with trivial $p$th power)
where the restricted cohomology fails to
be Cohen-Macaulay. We consider the algebra $\mathfrak n$, labeled
as $L_{5,9}$ in the list of de Graaf \cite{deG}.
This algebra is isomorphic to the quotient of the
Lie algebra of all upper triangular $4 \times 4$
matrices by its center. The algebra can also be represented
as the algebra of all strictly upper triangular matrices
such that the all entries in the third (and fourth) row
are zero. Notice that in this representation, the algebra has trivial
$p$-power operation. The algebra has a
basis consisting of $u_1, \dots, u_5$, where
$u_4$ and $u_5$ are central, and with
the additional relations:
\[
[u_1, u_2] = u_4, [u_2, u_3] = u_5,
[u_1, u_3] = 0.
\]
The reader should be aware that this is a minor change
from the presentation in \cite{deG}.
\begin{prop}\label{prop:notcm1}
Suppose that the characteristic of $k$ is 3,
and let $\mathfrak n$ be as above. The cohomology ring
$\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n),k)$ is not Cohen-Macaulay. In
particular, it has an associated prime $\mathfrak P$
such that $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n),k)/\mathfrak P$ has Krull
dimension four.
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
First we observe that the algebra has an action
of a three dimensional torus, $T$ (in the representation
as upper triangular $4 \times 4$ matrices modulo the
center of that algebra). With this action,
the basis elements $u_1, \dots, u_5$ have weights
$-\alpha, \ -\beta, \ -\gamma, \ -\alpha-\beta$ and $-\beta-
\gamma$, respectively. The torus also acts on the
cohomology.
Let $\mathfrak v$ be the commutative subalgebra of $\mathfrak n$ spanned
by $u_1, u_3, u_4, u_5$. Its Lie algebra cohomology
is an exterior algebra generated by elements
$\eta_\alpha, \eta_{\alpha+\beta},
\eta_{\beta+\gamma}, \eta_\gamma$
all in degree one and having weights
as indicated by the subscripts. The element $u_2$ acts
on $\mathfrak v$ and on its cohomology. After possible
rescaling, we have that $u_2\eta_{\alpha+\beta} =
\eta_\alpha$ and $u_2\eta_{\beta+\gamma} =
\eta_\gamma.$ Recall that the action on the
cohomology is dual to the action on the algebra,
so multiplying by $u_2$ on an element of
cohomology subtracts the root $\beta$.
Now we consider the spectral sequence
\[
E_2^{i,j} = \operatorname{H}\nolimits^i(u(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak v), \operatorname{H}\nolimits^j(u(\mathfrak v),k)
\Rightarrow \operatorname{H}\nolimits^{i+j}(u(\mathfrak n), k).
\]
As a module over $u(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak v)$,
\[
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^1(u(\mathfrak v)) \ \cong \ M_1 \oplus M_2
\]
where $M_1$ is the span of
$\{\eta_\alpha, \eta_{\alpha+\beta} \}$,
$M_2$ is the span of
$\{ \eta_\gamma, \eta_{\beta+\gamma} \}$ and the
action of the class of $u_2$ is given as above.
In degree 2, we have that
\[
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^2(u(\mathfrak n), k) \ \cong \Lambda^{2}(M_1) \ \
\oplus \ \ M_1 \otimes M_2 \ \ \oplus \ \
\Lambda^{2}(M_2) \ \ \oplus \ \ k^4
\]
where the last factor is spanned by the
generators $X_\alpha, X_\gamma, X_{\alpha+\beta}, X_{\beta+\gamma}$
(each having weight equal to three times its index) of
$S^{*}(\mathfrak v^*)^{(1)}$ that are fixed by the action
of $u_2$. The interesting part of this is
the tensor product $M_1 \otimes M_2$ which
is the direct sum of a trivial module
spanned by $\eta_\alpha \wedge \eta_{\beta+\gamma} -
\eta_{\alpha+\beta} \wedge \eta_\gamma$
and an indecomposable three dimensional
module generated by $\eta_{\alpha+\beta} \wedge
\eta_{\beta+\gamma}$ and
with socle spanned by $w = \eta_\alpha \wedge \eta_\gamma$.
Because the characteristic is 3, this is a
free module over $u(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak v)$. Thus there
is an element $E_2^{0,2} \cong
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^2(u(\mathfrak v),k)^{\mathfrak n/\mathfrak v}$ that is
determined by $w$. Write $M_1 \otimes M_2
\cong k \oplus N$, where $N$ is the free
submodule with socle spanned by $w$.
Let $X_\beta \in E_2^{2,0}$
be the generator of $S^{1}((\mathfrak n/\mathfrak v)^{*})^{(1)}$. This
elements survives to the $E_\infty$ page.
Moreover, every element in $E_2^{i,j}$
for $j \geq 2$ is a multiple of this element.
We claim that this element must be contained
in an associated prime of $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n), k)$.
Specifically, the element $\hat{w} \in
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^0(u(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak v),N)$
determined by $w$ in $E_2^{2, 0}$
has the property that $X_\beta\hat{w} = 0$
on the $E_2$ page because $N$ is free
over $u(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak v)$. So we only need to
show that $\hat{w}$ survives to the $E_\infty$
page and that the product $X_\beta\hat{w}$
does not ungrade to something that is nonzero. Both
of these statements can be deduced from
looking at the action of the torus.
That is, $w$ has weight $\alpha + \gamma$
and there is no element of that weight in
either $E_2^{2,1}$ or $E_2^{0,3}$. Hence
both $d_2$ and $d_3$ must both vanish on
the class of $w$. Likewise, $X_\beta\hat{w}$
has weight $\alpha +3\beta +\gamma$ and
there is no element of that weight in
$E_\infty^{3,1}$ or $E_\infty^{4,0}$.
So we must have that $X_\beta$ annihilates
the class of $w$ in $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n),k)$
\end{proof}
\begin{rem} \label{rem:derive-rel}
As mentioned earlier in the paper, two of the
computer generated relations in Proposition
\ref{sl3-rest} are indicated by the calculation
above. For this we require the spectral
sequence
\[
E_2^{i,j} \ = \ \operatorname{H}\nolimits^i(u(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak z),
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^j(u(\mathfrak z), k))
\Rightarrow \operatorname{H}\nolimits^{i+j}(u(\mathfrak n),k)
\]
where $\mathfrak n$ is the 5-dimensional Lie algebra as
above and $\mathfrak z$ is the one-dimensional subalgebra
spanned by $u_5$. Note that $\mathfrak n/\mathfrak z \cong
\mathfrak a \oplus \mathfrak b$ where $\mathfrak a$ (generated by the
classes of $u_1, u_2, u_4$) is the nilpotent
radical of a Borel subalgebra of $\mathfrak{sl}_3$, and
$\mathfrak b$ (generated by $u_3$) is a one dimensional
Lie algebra. The bottom row of the spectral
sequence is generated by elements $\eta_\alpha, \eta_\beta,
\eta_{2\alpha+\beta}, \eta_{\alpha+2\beta},
X_\alpha, X_\beta,X_{\alpha+\beta}$, generating
$\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak a),k)$, and $\eta_\gamma, X_\gamma$, generating
$\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak b),k)$. The weights are as indicated
by the subscripts.
The term $E_2^{1,0}$ is spanned by an element
$\eta_{\beta+\gamma}$. Its image
under the differential $d_2$ is $\eta_\beta \eta_\gamma$.
What we know from the proof of Proposition~\ref{prop:notcm1} is
that $\eta_\alpha \eta_\gamma X_\beta = 0$.
This element can only be zero if it is in the
image of $d_2$. Then by an examination of
weights we see that (up to some nonzero
scalar multiple) $d_2(\eta_{\beta+\gamma}\eta_{\alpha+2\beta}) =
\eta_\beta \eta_\gamma \eta_{\alpha+2\beta} =
\eta_\alpha \eta_\gamma X_\beta$. Note that this relation
occurs in the ring $E_2^{*,0} \cong
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak a),k) \otimes \operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak b),k)$.
Consequently, we must have that
$\eta_\beta \eta_{\alpha+2\beta} =
\eta_\alpha X_\beta$ in $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak a),k)$, as asserted.
The relation $\eta_\alpha \eta_{2\alpha+\beta}
= \eta_\beta X_\alpha$ follows by
symmetry (interchanging $u_1$ with $u_3$
and $u_4$ with $u_5$).
\end{rem}
We shall see in Section \ref{sec:metabelian} that the
example in Proposition \ref{prop:notcm1}
can be generalized, giving a metabelian Lie algebra
whose cohomology ring is not Cohen-Macaulay
for any prime $p$.
\section{Some examples of type B}
In this section, we consider the nilpotent radical $\mathfrak n$
of the Borel subalgebra of a Lie algebra of type
$B_2$ and some extensions thereof. We show that in
characteristic ~5, the cohomology of $\mathfrak n$ has
the form $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n),k) \cong
S(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)} \otimes \operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(\mathfrak n,k)$
as a module over $S(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)}$, but not as a ring.
Moreover, there is a one-dimensional extension of
this Lie algebra whose cohomology is not Cohen-Macaulay.
The basic idea of the construction applies other
non-simply laced cases in other characteristics.
Note that if the characteristic of $k$ is greater than
$6 = 2(h-1)$ then the isomorphism $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n),k) \cong
S(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)} \otimes \operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(\mathfrak n,k)$ is an
isomorphism of rings by \cite[Theorem 3.1.1]{DNN}.
The Lie algebra $\mathfrak n$ has a basis $u_1, u_2, u_3, u_4$
and the Lie bracket is given by $[u_1,u_2] = u_3$,
$[u_1, u_3] = u_4$, $[u_2,u_3] = 0$ with $u_4$ being
central. There is an action of a two-dimensional
torus, $T$, relative to which the basis elements
have weights $-\alpha, -\beta, -\alpha-\beta, -2\alpha-\beta$
respectively ($\alpha$ being the short simple root).
We begin with a calculation of the ordinary
Lie algebra cohomology of $\mathfrak n$. As in the last section, we
let the subscripts of the elements denote their weights.
\begin{lemma}\label{lem:ordcohob2}
The cohomology ring $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(\mathfrak n,k)$ is generated
by elements which we denote $\eta_\alpha, \eta_\beta,
\eta_{\alpha+2\beta}, \eta_{3\alpha+\beta},
\eta_{4\alpha+2\beta}, \eta_{3\alpha+3\beta}$
in degrees 1,1,2,2,3,3. All products
of two of the given generators are zero except
for the products
\[
\eta_{\alpha} \eta_{3\alpha+3\beta} =
-\eta_\beta\eta_{4\alpha+2\beta}
= \eta_{3\alpha+\beta} \eta_{\alpha+2\beta}
\]
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
Let $\mathfrak z$ be the subalgebra spanned by $u_4$.
Then we have a spectral sequence given as
\[
E_2^{i,j} = \operatorname{H}\nolimits^i(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak z,
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^j(\mathfrak z,k)) \Rightarrow
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{i+j}(\mathfrak n,k).
\]
The bottom row is the cohomology of the nilpotent
radical of a Borel subalgebra of $\mathfrak{sl}_3$, which
is provided in Lemma \ref{sl3-ordin}. We adopt the
notation for the elements as given in that lemma.
The $E_2$ term of the spectral sequence is generated
as a ring by one additional element $\zeta = \zeta_{2\alpha+\beta}
\in E_2^{0,1}$. Its image
under the $d_2$ differential is the extension class
$\eta_{2\alpha+\beta}$ (having the same weight).
The differential vanishes on every
product of $\zeta$ with an element on the bottom row
except $\eta_\beta \zeta$, and there $d_2(\eta_\alpha
\zeta) = \eta_\beta \eta_{2\alpha+\beta}
= -\eta_\alpha \eta_{\alpha+2\beta}$.
The product structure is derived
from the product on the $E_2$ page as well as
weight considerations.
\end{proof}
Now we extend this to the restricted Lie algebra
cohomology. Some of the relations in the proposition
given below were calculated using the basic
algebra package in Magma.
\begin{prop} \label{prop:b2rest}
Suppose that $k$ is a field of characteristic 5.
Let $\mathfrak n$ be the nilpotent
radical of the Borel subalgebra of a Lie
algebra of type $B_2$. The
cohomology ring $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}(u(\mathfrak n),k) \cong S^{*}(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)}
\otimes \operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(\mathfrak n, k)$ is a free
$S^{*}(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)}$-module with basis consisting
of the images of a basis of the ordinary Lie algebra
cohomology of $\mathfrak n$ as in Lemma \ref{sl3-ordin}.
The ring $S^{*}(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)}$ is a polynomial ring
in variables $X_\alpha, X_\beta, X_{\alpha+\beta}$
and $X_{2\alpha+\beta}$ having weights
$5\alpha, 5\beta, 5(\alpha+\beta)$ and
$5(2\alpha+\beta)$ under
the action of the torus. The multiplicative relations
among the generators of $1 \otimes \operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(\mathfrak n,k)
\subseteq \operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n),k)$ are exactly as given
in Lemma \ref{lem:ordcohob2}, except that
$\eta_{3\alpha+\beta}^2 =
\eta_{\alpha+2\beta}X_\alpha$. In particular,
the isomorphism $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}(u(\mathfrak n),k) \cong S^{*}(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)}
\otimes \operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(\mathfrak n, k)$ does not hold as rings.
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
The first statement follows from \cite[Theorem 3.1.1]{DNN}. A large
part of the remainder of the proof can be derived
from the LHS spectral sequence and weight
considerations. The unusual relation was verified by the computer.
\end{proof}
Next we consider an extension of the algebra, whose
cohomology ring is not Cohen-Macaulay. As in the
case of Remark \ref{rem:derive-rel}, we can derive
the unusual relation in the above proposition from
the calculations of the cohomology of the extension.
Let $\mathfrak n$ be the restricted Lie algebra of dimension
~5, with basis $u_1, \dots, u_5$ and Lie bracket
given by $[u_1,u_2] = u_3$,
$[u_1, u_3] = u_4$, $[u_1,u_4] = u_5$,
with $u_2, \dots, u_5$ forming a commutative subalgebra
that we denote $\mathfrak v$. We continue to assume that the
characteristic of $k$ is ~5. The algebra $\mathfrak n$ has
an action of a 2-dimensional torus, so that the elements
$u_1, \dots, u_5$ have weights $-\alpha$, $-\beta$,
$-\alpha-\beta$, $-2\alpha-\beta$ and $-3\alpha-\beta$.
\begin{prop}\label{prop:b2notcm}
The cohomology ring $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n),k)$ is not
Cohen-Macaulay. In particular, there is an element
in $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^2(u(\mathfrak n),k)$ whose annihilator $\mathfrak P$ has
the property that
$\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n),k)/\mathfrak P$ has Krull dimension
four.
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
We consider the spectral sequence:
$E_2^{i,j} = \operatorname{H}\nolimits^i(u(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak v), \operatorname{H}\nolimits^j(u(\mathfrak v),k))\Rightarrow
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{i+j}(u(\mathfrak n),k)$. As a module over $u(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak v)$
$M = \operatorname{H}\nolimits^1(u(\mathfrak v),k)$ is uniserial of length ~4,
generated by an element $\eta_{3\alpha + \beta}$.
Then $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^2(u(\mathfrak v),k)$ is the exterior square of
$M$ and it has a free $u(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak v)$-summand
generated by $\eta_{3\alpha+\beta} \wedge
u_{\alpha}\eta_{3\alpha+\beta}$
and having socle generated by $\eta_{\alpha+\beta}
\wedge \eta_\beta$. Hence there is
a class $\zeta$ in $E_2^{0,2}$ represented by a
$u(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak v)$-homomorphism of $k$ onto the socle of this
summand. This class is annihilated on the $E_2$ page
of the spectral sequence by the class $X_\alpha$
in $E_2^{2,0}$. As in the case of Proposition
\ref{prop:notcm1}, we can argue by weights that $\zeta$
is represented by a nonzero class $\hat{\zeta} \in
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^2(u(\mathfrak n),k)$ such that $X_\alpha \hat{\zeta} =0$,
and the annihilator of $\hat{w}$ is contained in a prime
$\mathfrak P$ having the asserted properties.
\end{proof}
\begin{rem}\label{rem:notorus}
We should note that the action of the torus is not
required to show that the example is not Cohen-Macaulay.
If it were the case that one of the differentials
$d_2$ or $d_3$ failed to vanish on the class $\zeta$,
then we would have that $d_2(\zeta) = X_\alpha \mu$ for
$\mu$ in $E_2^{0,1}$ or that $d_3(\zeta) = X_\alpha \mu$
for $\mu \in E_3^{1,0}$. In either case we would have
a class in $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^1(u(\mathfrak n),k)$ that is annihilated
by $X_\alpha$. Similarly, there is no way to ungrade
the spectral sequence to avoid having a large associate
prime in the cohomology ring.
\end{rem}
\begin{rem}\label{rem:derive-rel2}
We remark, as in \ref{rem:derive-rel}, that the
unusual relation $\eta_{3\alpha+\beta}^2 =
\eta_{\alpha+2\beta} X_\alpha$
in Proposition \ref{prop:b2rest} can be derived
from the last Proposition. The proof is almost
exactly the same as in Remark~\ref{rem:derive-rel} and
we leave the details to the interested reader.
\end{rem}
\begin{rem}\label{rem:b2other-primes}
The situation in Proposition \ref{prop:b2notcm} can
be extended to give examples for other primes. For
suppose that $p > 5$, and let $\mathfrak n$ be the restricted
$p$-Lie algebra of dimension $n+1$ for some $n$
with $(p+3)/2 \leq n < p$, defined as follows.
A basis for $\mathfrak n$ consists of the elements $v,
u_1, \dots, u_n$, where $u_1, \dots, u_n$ span a
commutative subalgebra, which we denote $\mathfrak v$.
Then the product is given
by $[v,u_i] = u_{i+1}$ for $i = 1, \dots, n-1$,
and $[v,u_n]= 0$. The $p$th-power operation is zero
on $\mathfrak n$. The algebra $\mathfrak n$ has an action of a
two-dimensional torus such that the basis elements
$v, u_1, \dots, u_n$ have weights $-\alpha, -\beta,
-\alpha-\beta, \dots, -(n-1)\alpha-\beta$, respectively.
Then $M = \operatorname{H}\nolimits^1(u(\mathfrak v), k)$ is an indecomposable
uniserial module of dimension $n$ over the algebra
$u(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak v)$. Because $n \geq (p+3)/2$, its
exterior square $\Lambda^{2}(M)$ has a free summand.
Hence, considering the spectral sequence
with $E_2$ term $E_2^{i,j} = \operatorname{H}\nolimits^i(u(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak v),
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^j(u(\mathfrak v),k)) \Rightarrow \operatorname{H}\nolimits^{i+j}(u(\mathfrak n),k)$
and arguing exactly as in the proof of
Proposition \ref{prop:b2notcm}, we get that
$\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n),k)$ has an associated prime $\mathfrak P$
such that $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n),k)/\mathfrak P$ has Krull
dimension at most $n$.
\end{rem}
\section{An example of type $G_2$ in characteristic 7}
In this section we consider the nilpotent radical of a
Borel subalgebra of the restricted Lie algebra of type $G_2$.
We obtain a similar result to that in Proposition
\ref{sl3-rest} and Proposition \ref{prop:b2rest}.
Because the methods are also very similar to those in the
aforementioned propositions, we give only a sketch.
\begin{prop}\label{prop:g2rest}
Suppose that $\mathfrak n$ is the nilpotent radical of a
Borel subalgebra of the restricted Lie algebra of type $G_2$.
Then as a module over the symmetric algebra $S^{*}(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)}$,
we have that $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n),k) \cong S^{*}(\mathfrak n^*)^{(1)}
\otimes \operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(\mathfrak n,k)$. However, this is not an isomorphism
as rings.
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
The characteristic of the field $k$ is larger than the
Coxeter number and hence the first statement is a consequence of
\cite[(3.5) Prop.]{FP}. Our task is to prove the second statement.
Suppose that $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are the simple roots for
the root system of type $G_2$. Assume that $\alpha$ is the
short root. The other positive roots are $\alpha+\beta, 2\alpha+\beta,
3\alpha+\beta, 3\alpha+2\beta$. We construct the central extension $\mathfrak g$
\[
\xymatrix{
0 \ar[r] & \mathfrak a \ar[r] & \mathfrak g \ar[r] & \mathfrak n \ar[r] & 0
}
\]
where $\mathfrak a$ has dimension one, and $\mathfrak g$ has an action by
the two dimensional torus so that an element of $\mathfrak a$ has
weight $-4\alpha-\beta$. Thus $\mathfrak g$ has basis $u_\alpha,
u_\beta, u_{\alpha+\beta}, u_{2\alpha+\beta}, u_{3\alpha+\beta},
u_{4\alpha+\beta}, u_{3\alpha+2\beta}$ where the subscript on
each element indicates the negative of its weight.
Let $\mathfrak v$ be the subalgebra generated by
$u_\beta, u_{\alpha+\beta}, u_{2\alpha+\beta}, u_{3\alpha+\beta},
u_{4\alpha+\beta}, u_{3\alpha+2\beta}$, and let $\mathfrak z$ be the
subalgebra generated by $u_{3\alpha+2\beta}$. The cohomology
of $\mathfrak v$ can be computed from the spectral sequence
$E_2^{i,j} = \operatorname{H}\nolimits^i(\mathfrak v/\mathfrak z, \operatorname{H}\nolimits^j(\mathfrak z,k)) \Rightarrow
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{i+j}(\mathfrak v,k)$. Let $\eta_\gamma$ denote an element of
weight $\gamma$ on this $E_2$ page. The differential must
take the element $\eta_{3\alpha+2\beta} \in E_2^{0,1}$
to the extension class
$d_2(\eta_{3\alpha+2\beta}) = \eta_\beta \wedge
\eta_{3\alpha+\beta} - \eta_{\alpha+\beta} \wedge
\eta_{2\alpha+\beta} \in E_2^{2,0}$.
Note that this element is annihilated
by the action of $u_\alpha$, as is $\eta_{2\alpha+\beta}$.
The point of this calculation is that $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^2(\mathfrak v,k)$ contains
a free module under the action of $u(\mathfrak g/\mathfrak v)$. That is the
element $\eta_{4\alpha+\beta} \wedge \eta_{3\alpha+\beta}$
generates a uniserial module of dimension $7$ over
$u(\mathfrak g/\mathfrak v)$, whose socle (the submodule annihilated by
the action of $u_\alpha$) is spanned by $\eta_{\alpha+\beta}
\wedge \eta_{\beta}$, a class that survives to the $E_\infty$
page of the spectral sequence. This implies that $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}(u({\mathfrak g}),k)$ is not Cohen-Macaulay.
That is, we see from the spectral sequence $E_2^{i,j} = \operatorname{H}\nolimits^i(u(\mathfrak g/\mathfrak v),
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^j(u(\mathfrak v),k))\Rightarrow \operatorname{H}\nolimits^{i+j}(u({\mathfrak g}),k)$, that the element $X_\alpha \in E_2^{0,2}$ in the
symmetric algebra annihilates the element corresponding
to $\eta_{\alpha+\beta} \wedge \eta_{\beta} \in E_2^{0,2}$.
This spectral sequence collapses at the $E_2$ page, and hence
the relation exists in $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak g),k)$.
The proposition is a consequence of Theorem \ref{thm:tensoralg}.
More specifically, by following the arguments in Proposition
\ref{sl3-rest} and using the weight information, we see that
in $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^4(u(\mathfrak n),k)$ there must be a relation having
roughly the form $(\eta_\alpha \wedge \eta_{3\alpha+\beta})^2
= (\eta_{\alpha+\beta} \wedge \eta_{\beta}) X_\alpha$. Note that
both are elements of weight $8\alpha+2\beta$.
\end{proof}
\section{A metabelian example} \label{sec:metabelian}
In this section we present an example of a metabelian restricted
Lie algebra with the property that its cohomology ring is not
Cohen-Macaulay. Such an example can be constructed for any value
of $p\geq 3$, except that the dimension of the example depends on
the prime $p$.
Let $\mathfrak n$ be the nilpotent restricted Lie algebra with basis
consisting of the elements $u, v_i, w_i$ for $i = 1, \dots,
n$, and Lie bracket defined
by the rule
\[
[u,v_i] = w_i, \quad [u,w_i] = 0 = [v_i, v_j] = [v_i, w_j] =
[w_i, w_j]
\]
for all $i,j$ such that $1 \leq i, j, \leq n$. Note that $\mathfrak n$
is isomorphic to a subalgebra of $\mathfrak{sl}_{n+2}$. That is, we can
define a homomorphism $\varphi: \mathfrak n \to \mathfrak{sl}_{n+2}$ as follows.
Let $E_{i,j}$ be the matrix with $1 \in k$ in the $(i,j)$
position and 0 elsewhere. Then define $\varphi$ by $\varphi(u)
= E_{1,2}$, $\varphi(v_i) = E_{2,i+2}$ and $\varphi(w_i) =
E_{1,i+2}$. The image of $\varphi$ has the property that the
$p^{th}$-power of any element in the algebra is zero, since
$p \geq 3$. Also, we note that the algebra has an action of
the diagonal torus of $\mathfrak{sl}_{n+2}$ of dimension $n+1$.
Let $\mathfrak v$ be the subalgebra with basis consisting of all of the
elements $v_i, w_i$ for $i = 1, \dots, n$. This subalgebra is
commutative. We consider the
spectral sequence $E_2^{r,s} =
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^r(u(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak v), \operatorname{H}\nolimits^s(u(\mathfrak v), k) \Rightarrow
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{r+s}(u(\mathfrak n),k)$. The cohomology group $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^1(u(\mathfrak v),k) =
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^1(\mathfrak v,k)$ has dimension $2n$ and is spanned by
elements $\gamma_i$ (of weight $\alpha_2 +\dots + \alpha_{i+1}$)
and $\eta_i$ (of weight $\alpha_1 + \dots + \alpha_{i+1}$,
for $i = 1, \dots, n$. The action of the element $u \in \mathfrak n/\mathfrak v$ on
$\operatorname{H}\nolimits^1(u(\mathfrak v),k)$ is given by $u \cdot \eta_i = \gamma_i$ and
$u \cdot \gamma_i = 0$. Thus, $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^1(u(\mathfrak v),k)$ is a direct sum
of $n$ uniserial $u(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak v)$-modules of dimension 2.
With this information, we can prove the following.
\begin{prop}\label{prop:metabelian}
Let $n = p-1$. Then the cohomology ring $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n),k)$ is
not Cohen-Macaulay.
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
Let $M$ denote the uniserial $u(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak v)$-module of dimension 2. As noted
$E_2^{0,1} = \operatorname{H}\nolimits^1(u(\mathfrak v),k)$ is a directs sum of $p-1$ copies of
$M$. Hence, $E_2^{0,p-1}$ contains the $p-1$ exterior power of
$\operatorname{H}\nolimits^1(u(\mathfrak v),k)$ which includes the $p-1$ tensor power of $M$.
The $p-1$ tensor power of $M$ has a projective $u(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak v)$-module,
the uniserial module of dimension $p$ generated by
$\eta_1 \wedge \dots \wedge \eta_{p-1}$, and having socle
spanned by $\gamma_1 \wedge \dots \wedge \gamma_{p-1}$. Consequently,
$E_2^{0,p-1}$ has an element $y$ of weight
$\alpha_2 + \dots + \alpha_{p}$.
This element must survive to the $E_{\infty}$ page of the spectral
sequence, because there is no element of the same
weight in $E_r^{p-1-r,r+2}$
for any value of $r>0$. On the other hand, because
$\gamma_1 \wedge \dots \wedge \gamma_{p-1}$ is in the socle of a
projective $u(\mathfrak n/\mathfrak v)$-module, we must have that $X.y = 0$
for $X$ the generator of the symmetric algebra in $E_{2.0}$.
Again, by a weight argument we see that the product $X.y$ cannot
ungrade to an element that is not zero. Consequently, this
relation must exist in $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n).k)$. This implies that $X$
is not a regular element and that the depth of $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u(\mathfrak n),k)$
is less than the Krull dimension.
\end{proof}
\section{Nilpotent Lie algebras of dimension $\leq 5$}
In this section we will use deGraaf's classification
of indecomposable nilpotent Lie algebras over
fields of characteristic not equal to 2. Again our interest is in
whether there is an isomorphism
\[
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^*(u({\mathfrak n}),k)\cong
S^{*}({\mathfrak n}^{*})^{(1)}\otimes
\Lambda^{*}({\mathfrak n}^{*})
\cong S^{*}({\mathfrak n}^{*})^{(1)} \otimes
\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}({\mathfrak n},k)
\]
as rings or as modules over the symmetric algebra. If the algebra
is commutative, then the isomorphism holds as rings. On the other
hand if the $p$-power operation on the Lie algebra fails to vanish
($x^{[p]} \neq 0$ for some $x$ in $\mathfrak n$), then the above isomorphism
can not hold.
Given a finitel dimensional nilpotent Lie algebra, it is not always
possible to make it a restricted Lie algebra with trivial $p$-power
operation. For one thing, the adjoint action of any element on the
algebra would have to be nilpotent of degree less than $p$.
We have listed below the indecomposable
non-abelian nilpotent Lie algebras of
dimension less than or equal to 5 along with the restrictions
on the prime $p$ that are necessary to impose a trivial $p$-power
operation. In this case, our standing assumption
that ${\mathcal N}_{1}({\mathfrak n})\cong {\mathfrak n}$ holds. The notation for
the Lie algebras is taken from DeGraaf's list \cite{deG}.
\vskip .25cm
\noindent
Dimension 3: \ $L_{3,2}$ ($p\geq 3$)
\vskip .5cm
\noindent
Dimension 4: \ $L_{4,3}$ ($p \geq 5$)
\vskip .5cm
The Lie algebras $L_{3,2}$ (reps. $L_{4,3}$) arise naturally
as the unipotent radicals of the Borel subalgebras of
simple Lie algebras of type $A_{2}$ (resp. $B_{2}$).
We have $L_{3,2}=\langle x_{-\alpha}, x_{-\beta}, x_{-\alpha-\beta}
\rangle$ and $L_{4,3}=\langle x_{-\alpha}, x_{-\beta},
x_{-\alpha-\beta}, x_{-2\alpha-\beta} \rangle$. The restricted cohomology rings
of these algebras are given in Propositions \ref{sl3-rest} and
\ref{prop:b2rest}.
\vskip .5cm
\noindent
Dimension 5: $L_{5,4}$ ($p\geq 3$), $L_{5,5}$ ($p\geq 5$),
$L_{5,6}$ ($p\geq 5$), $L_{5,7}$ $(p\geq 5$),
$L_{5,8}$ ($p\geq 3$), $L_{5,9}$ ($p\geq 5$).
\vskip .5cm
We now use deGraaf's description of the five dimensional
nilpotent Lie algebra (cf. \cite[Section 4]{deG}) and
describe natural gradings on these
Lie algebras. The natural gradings are induced by toral
actions given by outer automorphisms. When we compute
the cohomology of the algebras, differentials in the spectral sequences
respect the actions of these tori.
\vskip .25cm
\noindent
$L_{5,4}$: This nilpotent Lie algebra arises as a
subalgebra of the nilpotent radical of a simple Lie
algebra of type $A_{3}$. Let
$\alpha_{1},\alpha_{2},\alpha_{3}$ denote the
simple roots. The $L_{5,4}$ consists of the span of
the root vectors $\{x_{-\alpha_{1}},x_{-\alpha_{3}},
x_{-\alpha_{1}-\alpha_{2}},x_{-\alpha_{2}-\alpha_{3}},
x_{-\alpha_{1}-\alpha_{2}-\alpha_{3}}\}$.
\vskip .25cm
\noindent
$L_{5,5}$: This Lie algebra has a double grading with
basis $\langle x_{-\alpha},x_{-\beta},x_{-\alpha-\beta},
x_{-2\alpha-\beta},x_{-2\alpha} \rangle$.
\vskip .25cm
\noindent
$L_{5,6}$: Let $W(1)=\langle e_{i}:\ i\in {\mathbb Z}\}$
be the Witt algebra defined over ${\mathbb Z}$ with
Lie bracket $[e_{i},e_{j}]=(i+j)e_{i+j}$. One can
consider the subalgebra ${\mathfrak a}=\langle e_{i}:\ i< 0\}$
and factor this out by the ideal
${\mathfrak z}=\{e_{i}:\ i\leq -6\}$. The Lie algebra
$L_{5,6}$ is the Lie algebra ${\mathfrak a}/{\mathfrak z}$
tensored by $k$. This has a natural ${\mathbb Z}$ grading,
thus an action of a one-dimensional torus
on $L_{5,6}$. This Lie algebra can also be viewed as a non-graded
central extension of the unipotent radical of type $B_{2}$.
\vskip .25cm
\noindent
$L_{5,7}$: The Lie algebra $L_{5,7}$ is a graded central
extension of $L_{4,3}$. The Lie algebra can be graded by a two-dimensional torus and has
basis given by $\langle x_{-\alpha},x_{-\beta},x_{\alpha-\beta},
x_{-2\alpha-\beta},x_{-3\alpha-\beta} \rangle$.
\vskip .25cm
\noindent
$L_{5,8}$: Let ${\mathfrak a}$ be the nilpotent radical for the Borel subalgebra of
a Lie algebra of type $A_{3}$, and ${\mathfrak z}$ be the
center of this Lie algebra. The Lie algebra
$L_{5,8}$ can be realized as ${\mathfrak a}/{\mathfrak z}$
and has basis (with an action of a three dimensional torus) given by
$\langle x_{-\alpha_{1}},x_{-\alpha_{2}},x_{-\alpha_{3}},
x_{-\alpha_{1}-\alpha_{2}},x_{-\alpha_{2}-\alpha_{3}} \rangle$.
\vskip .25cm
\noindent
$L_{5,9}$: One can realize this Lie algebra as another
graded central extension of $L_{4,3}$. This Lie
algebra has a double grading with basis
$\langle x_{-\alpha},x_{-\beta},x_{-\alpha-\beta},
x_{-2\alpha-\beta}, x_{-\alpha-2\beta} \rangle$.
\vskip .5cm
The ordinary Lie algebra cohomology can be computed recursively
using central extensions and the LHS spectral sequence. For example,
if ${\mathfrak a}$ is a nilpotent Lie algebra and
${\mathfrak z}$ is a one-dimensional central
subalgebra then the LHS spectral sequence:
$$E_{2}^{i,j}=\operatorname{H}^{i}({\mathfrak a}/{\mathfrak z},k)
\otimes \operatorname{H}^{j}({\mathfrak z},k)
\Rightarrow \operatorname{H}^{i+j}({\mathfrak a},k)$$
will converge after the second page
(i.e., $E_{3}\cong E_{\infty}$). We have
$$\operatorname{H}^{2}({\mathfrak a},k)\cong
\operatorname{H}^{2}({\mathfrak a}/{\mathfrak z},k)/\langle
\text{Im }\delta_{2} \rangle \oplus \langle
\text{Ker }\hat{\delta}_{2} \rangle.$$
where $\delta_{2}:E_{2}^{0,1}\rightarrow E_{2}^{2,0}$
and $\hat{\delta_{2}}:E_{2}^{1,1}\rightarrow E_{2}^{3,0}$.
With appropriate choices of central subalgebras one
can guarantee that the differentials respect the
gradings above. This allows us to compute the
differentials $\delta_{2}$ and $\hat{\delta}_{2}$ inductively.
The weight spaces for the ordinary Lie algebra
cohomology for these Lie algebras are multiplicity
free (i.e., one-dimensional) and given in the
following tables.
To aid in the computation we use some facts
about the ordinary Lie algebra
cohomology. For example, that if $\mathfrak g$ has dimension
$d$, then the ordinary Lie algebra cohomology vanishes
in degrees greater than $d$. In addition there is a
Poincar\'e duality that is also respected by the action of
the tori. So for example, if $d$ is the dimension of the algebra
$\mathfrak n$ and if the element in $\operatorname{H}\nolimits^d(\mathfrak n,k)$ has weight $\gamma$,
then the weights of the cohomology element in degrees $d-1$ will be
$\gamma-\zeta_1, \gamma-\zeta_2, \dots $ where $\zeta_1,
\zeta_2, \dots$ are the weights of the cohomology elements in
degree 1.
\vskip.3in
\begin{table}[htbp]
\begin{tabular}{||r|r| |r|r||}
\hline
$L_{3,2}$ & & $L_{4,3}$ & \\
\hline
\hline
degree & weights & degree & weights \\
\hline
0 & $0$ & 0 & $0$ \\
1 & $\alpha$, $\beta$ & 1 & $\alpha$, $\beta$ \\
2 & $\alpha+2\beta$, $2\alpha+\beta$ & 2 & $\alpha+2\beta$, $3\alpha+\beta$ \\
3 & $2\alpha+2\beta$ & 3 & $3\alpha+3\beta$, $4\alpha+2\beta$ \\
& & 4 & $4\alpha+3\beta$ \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\begin{table}[htbp]
\begin{tabular}{||r|r||}
\hline
$L_{5,4}$ & \\
\hline
\hline
degree & weights \\
\hline
0 & $0$ \\
1 & $\alpha_{1}$, $\alpha_{3}$, $\alpha_{1}+\alpha_{2}$, $\alpha_{2}+\alpha_{3}$ \\
2 & $\alpha_{1}+\alpha_{3}$, $2\alpha_{1}+\alpha_{2}$, $\alpha_{1}+\alpha_{2}+\alpha_{3}$, \\
& $\alpha_{2}+2\alpha_{3}$, $\alpha_{1}+2\alpha_{2}+\alpha_{3}$ \\
3 & $2\alpha_{1}+3\alpha_{2}+2\alpha_{3}$, $\alpha_{1}+2\alpha_{2}+3\alpha_{3}$, $2\alpha_{1}+2\alpha_{2}+2\alpha_{3}$, \\
& $3\alpha_{1}+2\alpha_{2}+\alpha_{3}$, $2\alpha_{1}+\alpha_{2}+2\alpha_{3}$ \\
4 & $2\alpha_{1}+3\alpha_{2}+3\alpha_{3}$, $3\alpha_{1}+3\alpha_{2}+2\alpha_{3}$, $2\alpha_{1}+2\alpha_{2}+3\alpha_{3}$, \\
& $3\alpha_{1}+2\alpha_{2}+2\alpha_{3}$ \\
5 & $3\alpha_{1}+3\alpha_{2}+3\alpha_{3}$ \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\begin{table}[htbp]
\begin{tabular}{||r|r||}
\hline
$L_{5,8}$ & \\
\hline
\hline
degree & weights \\
\hline
0 & $0$ \\
1 & $\alpha_{1}$, $\alpha_{2}$, $\alpha_{3}$ \\
2 & $\alpha_{1}+2\alpha_{2}$, $2\alpha_{1}+\alpha_{2}$, $\alpha_{1}+\alpha_{3}$, \\
& $2\alpha_{2}+\alpha_{3}$, $\alpha_{2}+2\alpha_{3}$ \\
3 & $\alpha_{1}+\alpha_{2}+2\alpha_{3}$, $2\alpha_{2}+2\alpha_{3}$, $\alpha_{1}+3\alpha_{3}+\alpha_{3}$, \\
& $2\alpha_{1}+\alpha_{2}+\alpha_{3}$, $2\alpha_{1}+2\alpha_{2}$ \\
4 & $\alpha_{1}+3\alpha_{2}+2\alpha_{3}$, $2\alpha_{1}+2\alpha_{2}+2\alpha_{3}$, $2\alpha_{1}+3\alpha_{2}+\alpha_{3}$ \\
5 & $2\alpha_{1}+3\alpha_{2}+2\alpha_{3}$ \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\begin{table}[htbr]
\begin{tabular}{||r|r| |r|r||}
\hline
$L_{5,5}$ & & $L_{5,6}$ & \\
\hline
\hline
degree & weights & degree & weights \\
\hline
0 & $0$ & 0 & $0$ \\
1 & $\alpha$, $\beta$, $2\alpha$ & 1 & $1$, $2$ \\
2 & $2\alpha+\beta$, $\alpha+2\beta$, $3\alpha$ & 2 & $3$ \\
3 & $4\alpha+2\beta$, $5\alpha+\beta$, $3\alpha+3\beta$ & 3 & $12$ \\
4 & $5\alpha+3\beta$, $6\alpha+2\beta$, $4\alpha+3\beta$ & 4 & $13$, $14$ \\
5 & $6\alpha+3\beta$ & 5 & $15$ \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\begin{table}[htbr]
\begin{tabular}{||r|r| |r|r||}
\hline
$L_{5,7}$ & & $L_{5,9}$ & \\
\hline
\hline
degree & weights & degree & weights \\
\hline
0 & $0$ & 0 & $0$ \\
1 & $\alpha$, $\beta$ & 1 & $\alpha$, $\beta$ \\
2 & $\alpha+2\beta$, $4\alpha+\beta$ & 2 & $3\alpha+\beta$, $\alpha+3\beta$ \\
3 & $6\alpha+2\beta$, $3\alpha+3\beta$ & 3 & $2\alpha+4\beta$, $4\alpha+2\beta$ \\
4 & $6\alpha+4\beta$, $7\alpha+3\beta$ & 4 & $4\alpha+5\beta$, $5\alpha+4\beta$ \\
5 & $7\alpha+4\beta$ & 5 & $5\alpha+5\beta$ \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\vfill\eject
With this information about the ordinary Lie algebra
cohomology $\text{H}^{*}({\mathfrak n},k)$ we
can deduce structural properties about the
restricted Lie algebra cohomology.
\begin{thm} Let ${\mathfrak n}$ be a five-dimensional
nilpotent Lie algebra. Then
\begin{itemize}
\item[(a)] $\operatorname{H}^{*}(u({\mathfrak n}),k)
\cong S^{*}({\mathfrak n}^{*})^{(1)}\otimes
\operatorname{H}^{*}({\mathfrak n},k)$ as
$S^{*}({\mathfrak n}^{*})^{(1)}$ module for $L_{5,4}$
($p\geq 3$), $L_{5,5}$ ($p\geq 5$), $L_{5,6}$
($p\geq 7$), $L_{5,7}$ $(p\geq 7$), $L_{5,8}$
($p\geq 5$), and $L_{5,9}$ ($p\geq 5$).
In these cases the cohomology ring
$\operatorname{H}\nolimits^{*}(u({\mathfrak n}),k)$ is Cohen-Macaulay.
\item[(b)] In addition, the above isomorphism holds
as rings for the algebras
$L_{5,4}$ ($p\geq 5$), $L_{5,5}$ ($p\geq 7$), $L_{5,6}$
($p\geq 13$), $L_{5,7}$ $(p\geq 11$), $L_{5,8}$
($p\geq 5$), and $L_{5,9}$ ($p\geq 5$).
\end{itemize}
\end{thm}
\begin{proof} (a) There exist a one-dimensional central ideal ${\mathfrak z}$ such that ${\mathfrak n}/{\mathfrak z}$
is isomorphic to (i) the nilpotent radical for a simple Lie algebra of Type $B_{2}$ for $L_{5,5}$, $L_{5,6}$, $L_{5,7}$ and $L_{5,9}$, (ii) an abelian Lie algebra
for $L_{5,4}$ and (iii) the nilpotent radical of type $A_{2}\times A_{1}$ for $L_{5,8}$.
Now assume that $p\geq 7$ in case (i), $p\geq 3$ in case (ii), and $p\geq 5$ in case (iii). Then
$\operatorname{H}^{*}(u({\mathfrak n}/{\mathfrak z}),k)\cong
S^{*}(({\mathfrak n}/{\mathfrak z})^{*})^{(1)}\otimes \operatorname{H}^{*}({\mathfrak n}/{\mathfrak z},k)$ as rings. Hence, by
Theorem~\ref{thm:tensoralg}, $\operatorname{H}^{*}(u({\mathfrak n}),k)\cong
S^{*}({\mathfrak n}^{*})^{(1)}\otimes
\operatorname{H}^{\bullet}({\mathfrak n},k)$ as
$S^{*}({\mathfrak n}^{*})^{(1)}$ module.
The remaining cases when $L_{5,8}$ ($p=3$), $L_{5,5}$ ($p=5$) and $L_{5,9}$ ($p=5$) can be verified directly by showing that the
spectral sequence (\ref{eq:specseq}) collapses.
(b) We construct a subalgebra $B$ in
$\text{H}^{*}(u({\mathfrak n}),k)$ which is
isomorphic to $\text{H}^{*}({\mathfrak n},k)$.
This is accomplished using the gradings to show that the
following conditions cannot simultaneously hold. First,
\[
\gamma_{1}+\gamma_{2}=\gamma_{3}+p\sigma
\]
where $\gamma_{j}$ is a weight of
$\text{H}^{a_{j}}({\mathfrak n},k)$ for $j=1,2,3$ and $\sigma\neq 0$
is a weight of $S^{*}({\mathfrak n}^{*})^{(1)}$. Second,
$$a_{1}+a_{2}=a_{3}+\text{deg}(\sigma)$$
were $\text{deg}(\sigma)$ is the cohomological degree of the element that $\sigma$ represents.
In all the cases listed in the statement this was verified, and proves there do not exist
two elements of weights $\gamma_1$ and $\gamma_2$ whose product is the product
of an element of the symmetric algebra with an element of weight
$\gamma_3$. Furthermore, this shows that a basis of weight vectors in
$\text{H}^{*}({\mathfrak n},k)$ form
a subalgebra of $\text{H}^{*}(u({\mathfrak n}),k)$.
\end{proof}
\begin{thm} Let ${\mathfrak n}$ be a five-dimensional
nilpotent Lie algebra. Then
$\operatorname{H}^{*}(u({\mathfrak n}),k)$
is not Cohen-Macaulay in the cases that $\mathfrak n$ is
$L_{5,7}$ for $p=5$ and $L_{5, 8}$ for $p=3$. In these cases, the depth of the
cohomology ring is one less than the dimension.
\end{thm}
\begin{proof}
The results are proved in Propositions \ref{prop:notcm1}
and \ref{prop:b2notcm}.
\end{proof}
We remark that the work in \cite{BC1, BC2} can be adapted for restricted Lie algebra cohomology to show that
in the case when the cohomology ring has depth at least one less than the Krull dimension, the cohomology
ring is Cohen-Macaulay if and only if it satisfies the functional equation in Theorem~\ref{thm:bc}. We can
conclude that the cohomology rings for $L_{5,7}$ ($p=5$) and $L_{5, 8}$ ($p=3$) do not satisfy the
functional equation.
\section{Type $A_{3}$, $p>h$}
From the Examples \ref{sl3-rest}, \ref{prop:b2rest}, \ref{prop:g2rest},
one might get the impression that if ${\mathfrak n}$ is a
unipotent radical of a Borel subalgebra of a simple Lie algebra
and $h<p <2(h-1)$, then the restricted cohomology is not isomorphic
as rings to the tensor of the symmetric algebra and the ordinary Lie
algebra cohomology. However, this is not true. In this section
we analyze the smallest example of this sort where the ring isomorphism
exists. In this case, the root system $\Phi$ is of type $A_{3}$
and ${\mathfrak n}$ is the six dimensional Lie algebra of
strictly upper triangular $4\times 4$ matrices over
a field of characteristic $5$. In the DeGraaf
notation this is the Lie algebra $L_{6,19}(\epsilon)$.
Since $p>h$, the ordinary Lie algebra cohomology is given by Kostant's
theorem. A proof in characteristic $p$ with $p>h$
is found in \cite[Theorem 4.1.1]{UGA}. As a module for $T$ we have
\begin{equation} \label{eq:Kostant}
\operatorname{H}^{n}({\mathfrak n},k)\cong \bigoplus_{w\in W,\ l(w)=n} -w\cdot 0
\end{equation}
As before we are using the convention that ${\mathfrak n}$
consists of negative root vectors. Let
$\Delta=\{\alpha_{1},\alpha_{2},\alpha_{3}\}$
denote the simple root vectors. Then (\ref{eq:Kostant})
can be used to produce the following table which describes the weights in
the cohomology groups $\operatorname{H}^{n}({\mathfrak n},k)$.
\begin{table}[htbp]
\begin{tabular}{||r|r||}
\hline
$L_{6,19}(\epsilon)$ & \\
\hline
\hline
degree & weights \\
\hline
0 & $0$ \\
1 & $\alpha_{1}$, $\alpha_{2}$, $\alpha_{3}$ \\
2 & $\alpha_{1}+2\alpha_{2}$, $\alpha_{1}+\alpha_{3}$, $2\alpha_{1}+\alpha_{2}$, \\
& $\alpha_{2}+2\alpha_{3}$, $2\alpha_{2}+\alpha_{3}$ \\
3 & $2\alpha_{1}+2\alpha_{2}$, $\alpha_{1}+2\alpha_{2}+3\alpha_{3}$, $\alpha_{1}+3\alpha_{2}+\alpha_{3}$, \\
& $2\alpha_{1}+\alpha_{2}+2\alpha_{3}$, $2\alpha_{2}+2\alpha_{3}$, $3\alpha_{1}+2\alpha_{2}+\alpha_{3}$ \\
4 & $2\alpha_{1}+2\alpha_{2}+3\alpha_{3}$, $2\alpha_{1}+4\alpha_{2}+2\alpha_{3}$, $\alpha_{1}+3\alpha_{2}+3\alpha_{3}$ \\
& $3\alpha_{1}+3\alpha_{2}+\alpha_{3}$, $3\alpha_{1}+2\alpha_{2}+2\alpha_{3}$ \\
5 & $2\alpha_{1}+4\alpha_{2}+3\alpha_{3}$, $3\alpha_{1}+3\alpha_{2}+3\alpha_{3}$, $3\alpha_{1}+4\alpha_{2}+2\alpha_{3}$ \\
6 & $3\alpha_{1}+4\alpha_{2}+3\alpha_{3}$ \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\begin{thm} Let ${\mathfrak n}$ be the unipotent radical
corresponding to the simple group with root system $A_{3}$
(i.e., $4\times 4$ upper triangular matrices) with $p>h$. Then
$$\operatorname{H}^{*}(u({\mathfrak n}),k)\cong
S^{*}({\mathfrak n}^{*})^{(1)}\otimes
\operatorname{H}^{*}({\mathfrak n},k)$$
as rings.
\end{thm}
\begin{proof} For $p>2(h-1)$ we can apply \cite[Theorem 3.1.1]{DNN}.
This leaves us with the case when $p=5$.
In order to invoke Theorem~\ref{th:splitting}, we need
to analyze the equation
\begin{equation} \label{eq:condition1}
-w_{1}\cdot 0-w_{2}\cdot 0=p\sigma-w_{3}\cdot 0
\end{equation}
where $-w_{j}\cdot 0$ is a weight of
$\text{H}^{a_{j}}({\mathfrak n},k)$ for $j=1,2,3$ and $\sigma$
is a weight of $S^{*}({\mathfrak n}^{*})^{(1)}$.
Furthermore, by consideration
of cohomological degrees we must have that
\begin{equation} \label{eq:condition2}
l(w_{1})+l(w_{2})-l(w_{3})=2\text{deg}(\sigma)
\end{equation}
where $\text{deg}(\sigma)$ is the cohomological degree
corresponding to the element of weight $\sigma$.
The first equation (\ref{eq:condition1}) does have solutions. For example,
$$(2\alpha_{1}+4\alpha_{2}+3\alpha_{3})+(3\alpha_{1}+3\alpha_{2}+3\alpha_{3})
=(2\alpha_{2}+\alpha_{3})+5(\alpha_{1}+\alpha_{2}+\alpha_{3}).$$
Here $l(w_{1})=l(w_{2})=5$ and $l(w_{3})=2$. However,
$\text{deg}(\sigma)\leq 6$. Thus, the second
equation (\ref{eq:condition2}) cannot hold. A
careful, case by case analysis rules out the possibility
that both equations could simultaneously be satisfied.
\end{proof}
We end the paper with the following intriguing question.
\begin{quest}
Suppose that $\mathfrak n$ is the nilpotent radical of a Borel
subalgebra of a Lie algebra arising from a reductive algebraic group.
In the case that the root system $\Phi$ is simply laced
and that $p >h$, is there always a ring isomorphism
$$\operatorname{H}^{*}(u({\mathfrak n}),k)\cong
S^{*}({\mathfrak n}^{*})^{(1)}\otimes
\operatorname{H}^{*}({\mathfrak n},k)?$$
\end{quest}
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Poor sleep quality is a common problem among older adults. Many have moderate sleep complaints, where they experience insomnia-like symptoms but are not yet diagnosed with insomnia. Sedative medications are commonly used to treat sleep disorders but can cause harmful side effects, and behavioral interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy are not always practical. Few treatments focus on improving sleep quality in people with moderate complaints. Tai chi chih—the Westernized version of the Chinese slow-motion meditative exercise tai chi—may serve as an effective alternative approach.
Researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, conducted a randomized controlled trial, funded in part by NCCAM, to determine whether tai chi chih could improve sleep quality in healthy, older adults with moderate sleep complaints. In the study, 112 individuals aged 59 to 86 participated in either tai chi chih training or health education classes for 25 weeks. Participants rated their sleep quality based on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, a self-rate questionnaire that assesses sleep quality, duration, and disturbances.
The results of the study showed that the people who participated in tai chi chih sessions experienced slightly greater improvements in self-reported sleep quality. The researchers concluded that tai chi chih can be a useful nonpharmacologic approach to improving sleep quality in older adults with moderate sleep complaints, and may help to prevent the onset of insomnia.
Irwin MR, Olmstead R, Motivala SJ. Improving sleep quality in older adults with moderate sleep complaints: a randomized controlled trial of tai chi chih. Sleep.
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POOLED DEVELOPMENT FUND
EXPLORATION PROJECTS
STEALTH TECHNOLOGIES
NANOCUBES
Nanocubeswhadmin2019-11-27T00:32:35+00:00
Nanocube Memory Ink Technology. A revolutionary transparent and flexible printable Memory Ink targeting the global multi-billion dollar printed electronics market opportunity
Liquid Transparent Printable Memory
The Nanocube Memory Ink is a liquid transparent ink containing billions of tiny nanometer scale cube-shaped particles. When printed on a surface and assembled with electrodes they operate as computer memory or RAM.
This revolutionary ink is transparent and when printed on glass or plastics is entirely see-through.
This technology targets the global multi-billion dollar printed electronics market opportunity. It has the potential to enable massive amounts of data to be stored and retrieved in printed electronics circuits for compute and data storage requirements.
The Nanocube Memory Ink was invented at the University of New South Wales by a team led by Professor Sean Li from the School of Materials Science and Engineering.
More information on Australian Advanced Materials can be found here – www.australianadvancedmaterials.com.au
Global Opportunity
Memory is at the heart of creating products with more complex functions and applications. To date, there is currently no commercialised high performance printed memory technology.
The commercial goal is to bring memory and sensing to devices and surfaces with different shapes and new flexible forms not possible with rigid silicon based technologies.
The Nanocube memory ink has significant disruptive potential in part due to its high-performance characteristics. The ability to incorporate high performance printable memory into existing products for the first time across many industries (e.g. military, infrastructure, clothing etc.) could dramatically disrupt a sector already forecast to reach $US 78 Billion by 2023.
The UNSW School of Materials Science and Engineering is a leader in their field and are ranked number one in Australia. Professor Sean Li, who leads the team that have spent years developing the technology has said "rapid innovations in printing technology over the last few years means the Nanocube ink could hold enormous potential for a range of future industries. This technology should not be underestimated."
The Company has recently finished successful scale-up of production volumes of the Nanocube Memory Ink.
A large scale batch of Nanocube Memory Ink was produced with approximately 400 times the volume of previous batches.
This work was conducted in conjunction with scientists from the Nanomaterials and Devices Team at CSIRO Manufacturing.
Successful scaling up of the ink from millilitres to litres has enabled the team to progress to trialling the Nanocube Memory Ink with industrial printing and coating technologies such as slot die.
The positive outcome of the first stage of the program as enabled CSIRO to agree to continue development of the Nanocube Memory Ink through a secondary program
Current and future work
A further program with CSIRO is currently being finalised to:
optimise the ink, including for slot die coating and printing of devices,
produce devices on various substrates,
perform device measurements for ink performance,
work with the University of New South Wales and VTT Finland technical teams
VTT Finland
Due to recent results, a new program is being initiated with VTT and specialists within the printed electronics team, to analyse and optimise memory ink film thickness and device operation and performance.
Additionally, the VTT team will test standard industry electrode architecture and configurations.
The research group of Professor Sean Li at UNSW has recently acquired advanced printing and slot die coating equipment – only the second installation of it globally.
The equipment has unique functionality to combine slot die with printing to expand the capability in order to produce advanced electronic materials on industrial scale.
Larger batch sizes of ink will also enable the Nanocube Memory Ink to be printed and coated with this equipment.
A development program with UNSW is being negotiated that will potentially include trial depositions of the Nanocube Memory Ink on the advanced slot die printing equipment acquired by UNSW.
Key Development Partners
VTT Technical Research Centre
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland and is one of the leading research and technology organisations in Europe VTT is one of world's leading research and technology companies. It has over 6000 customers and over 1,200 patents and patent applications in its patent portfolio. VTT has been engaged in the long-term development of printed electronics for over 15 years and is trusted by industry leading companies around the globe, for the development and production of printed electronics products.
The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) is the federal government agency for scientific research in Australia. CSIRO Manufacturing research is based on multi-disciplinary scientific and engineering capabilities and uses world-class infrastructure. It partners with industry to develop innovative products and processes that allow Australian manufacturers to be globally competitive and environmentally sustainable. Successful CSIRO inventions include WIFI, plastic banknotes, Hendra virus vaccine, extended wear contact lenses and Raft polymerisation.
PrintoCent
The Company is a participant in PrintoCent, a consortium of billion dollar printed electronic companies and a select group of international start-ups with the objective to create new components, products and solutions based on printed electronics.
Strategic Elements' subsidiary company Australian Advanced Materials Pty Ltd has signed an agreement to join PrintoCent, a select consortium of approx. 50 global companies operating out of a specialised facility in Finland that contains the worlds first pilot factory for printed electronics.
PrintoCent runs a continuous process to establish value chains for joint projects and offers opportunities to the consortium.
PrintoCent members include large global companies such as BASF (ETR:BAS), Merck (NYSE:MRK) and Dai Nippon Printing (TYO:7912).
The facility PrintoCent operates out of contains the worlds most advanced industrialisation capabilities for printed electronics.
The University of NSW (UNSW)
The Nanocube Memory Ink was invented at the University of New South Wales by a team led by Professor Sean Li from the School of Materials Science and Engineering. The UNSW School of Materials Science and Engineering is ranked no. 1 in Australia and number 26 in the world. The research group has 45 researchers and millions invested into world-class research equipment geared towards advanced materials.
Printable Electronics is one of the fastest growing technologies in the world, and it is of vital interest to a diverse range of industries. This innovation will allow electronics to be used in places they have never been before.
Printed Electronics is the term for a new technique using conductive inks to create integrated circuits that are just nanometres thick.
Creating these electronic wafers overcomes the limitations of current chip production. Printable Electronics manufacturing facilities cost 1/1000th of traditional semiconductor fabrication plants. Making it the holy grail of low cost, high volume manufacturing.
It can also produce materials that are extremely flexible and stretchable, paving the way for flexible and stretchable electronics.
The printed electronics market is expected reach $US 78 Billion by 2023.
138 Churchill Ave, Subiaco WA 6008
[email protected]
Security Trading Policy
Strategic Elements your trusted Pooled Development Fund (PDF) helping Australians explore innovative opportunities.
© Copyright Strategic Elements | All Rights Reserved | Design & Website by Workhouse
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Singapore is one of the best business hubs in the world. It has already scooped up numerous global awards for providing an environment conducive to business. Singaporeans can easily set up a business that has high chances of succeeding within a short time. Likewise, there are numerous Advantages of Setting up Singapore Subsidiary Company for foreigners from all over the world.
With a thirst for more clients in any young business, all that one needs is to double the efforts in sales and the use of effective techniques. Highlighted below are three effective techniques that small businesses use in Singapore.
Whether potential clients will buy or not, the first step is bringing them closer to your products. Brand recognition is the main strategy that small businesses are using in Singapore today. All they want is to increase the familiarity with their brand. The digital world is now playing a major role in making this possible. The brand name and products are shared all over through website marketing, social media marketing and broadcast media.
Most of these beginners together with digital marketers are working hard to ensure that the brand name is spreading to every possible individual through various channels. With enough effort, this will be possible and will bear fruit within a short time.
When it comes to client conversion, experts have to employ the best techniques possible. This is the most difficult part of improving sales. It is more so for a new business. In Singapore, direct response marketing is becoming popular as a conversion tactic. When clients get direct emails, text messages or a direct message on their social media platforms, they feel that the business cares about their needs. This calls for collection of contact information from all available resources.
Most experts agree that conversion techniques that work well are crucial for a business start-up in Singapore and any other part of the world. If done aggressively, the business will soon have a pool of loyal clients on their side. At this point, all they will now need is retention techniques.
After making all the efforts and getting clients to buy your products, it is now time to lock them in. Singapore digital marketers and sales managers have the ideal strategies to do this. In fact, they claim that this is the best and least expensive part of marketing. One of the most effective methods is to keep in touch with clients and get to know how they are responding to the products. If they have concerns, ensure that they are addressed at the root.
Other strategies include special rates for returning customers, loyalty points and differentiating your products. Keeping a close eye on every customer who is entered in the database will allow you to know which retention strategy to apply.
The above techniques may sound simple and straightforward, but they require a lot of strategizing and effort. Most businesses in Singapore have succeeded after putting extra effort into these three techniques.
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Spyderco's C91 Pacific Salt is designed to offer reliable high performance with a never-rust H-1 steel blade. Now it's available with a black coated blade, lessening the steel's reflective qualities and subduing the blade's presence. Spyderco's Salt Series shines in fresh and saltwater staying rust-free even if put away wet. Hollow-ground, the H-1 blade is Plain Edged and coated in long-lasting black carbonitride. It's similar in shape and size to Spyderco's best selling Endura model but with more rounded tip.
Features: H1 Stainless Steel. Black Coating. Fiberglass Reinforced Nylon Handle. Lockback. Thumb Hole Opener. Tip-up Pocket Clip. Made in Japan.
Measurements: 3.8" Drop Point Blade. 0.13" Blade Thickness. 4.94" Closed. 8.625" Overall. Weight: 3.00 oz.
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Green plum, a genus of dipterocarpaceae, belonging to macrophanerophytes, with the characteristics of thick and crisp pulp, high acidity and quality, richness in nutrients, high medicinal value, apart from being edible, it can be processed into preserved fruit, medicinal materials and health care products, etc. It has many functions such as detoxification, dispelling freckles, balancing weights, Lowering lipid and blood pressure, clear the liver and brighten the eyes, resolving liquor etc.
The key fertilizer-receiving nodes of the green plum fruit tree were in the three periods of flowering, small flowering and post-harvesting, and the pre-flowering fertilizer accounted for 2/3 of the annual fertilization amount. Lao Shen said that at the end of December, applying 10 kg of 5% "Fubon" powdered organic fertilizer could effectively promote root germination and spring shoot germination, and provide sufficient nutrients for the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the later tree to enhance cold resistance, prevent the yellowing of leaves and the phenomenon of falling flowers and fruits caused by shortage of nutrients.
"Fubon" organic fertilizer (powder type) is rich in organic matter and various microelements. Among them, yeast fermented protein, small-distributed organic matter and other special substances can rapidly cultivate the growth of beneficial bacteria in the soil, promote the growth of crop roots and improve the quality of agricultural products. .
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This page contains a single entry by Alberto Simões published on August 14, 2012 12:10 PM.
2012Q3 Grant Proposal: Adding tests to and refactoring the perl debugger was the previous entry in this blog.
Cooking Perl with Chef - Grant Completion Report (Grant Report #5) is the next entry in this blog.
|
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Cowpea variety IT89KD-288: A dry-season grain and fodder legume
The value added of new cowpea variety
The IT89KD-288 dual-purpose cowpea variety, producing grain and fodder for animal and human consumption is increasingly considered attractive, thanks to increased income per household improving livelihoods. Since the development in 1990s, as a key driver to agricultural income growth, the cowpea varieties have made impact on the poorest people in Nigeria.
The standalone innovation (variety) through its grains and haulm is a source of plant protein and vitamins for humans and fodder for animals. Thus, the fodder is an additional source of cash income for those farmers who do not feed many livestock. Then the crop itself, being rich in protein makes it an important source of low-cost nutrition for the urban and rural poor who cannot afford meat and milk. Indeed, cowpea grains contain on an average 25% protein and 64% carbohydrate, thereby helping alleviate hunger and malnutrition among resource-poor farmers and low income rural and urban people. The varieties in their diverse versions have been well-known to contribute to moving poor rural dwellers out of poverty. Improved cowpea varieties benefit rural and urban poor and helped reduce poverty by 5 percentage points in Nigeria in 2016, which is equivalent to about 929,450 people lifted out of poverty.
Providing positive impact on nutrition and livelihoods, on a systematic level this innovation contributes to food security (SDG2) and poverty reduction (SDG1).
This work was undertaken as part of, and funded by the CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals (GLDC) and supported by CGIAR Fund Donors. https://www.cgiar.org/funders/
Featured image: A farming household harvesting from their cowpea field. (c) International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (Flickr).
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Mix together with fork. Place on baking sheet lined with foil or parchment paper. Bake at 325 for 6-8 mins. Be careful not to over cook because whey protein tends to make cookies dry! Take them out while they are still gooey in the center and they will continue to cook while they are cooling on the counter.
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Download your 12 FREE workouts for at the gym, at home with dumbbells, or at home with body weight. Plus 4 cardio workouts to be done at home with or without machines! Don't wait. Join the challenge today!
|
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H.R.2782 - Employee Flexibility Act of 2019116th Congress (2019-2020) |
Rep. Walorski, Jackie [R-IN-2] (Introduced 05/16/2019)
House - Ways and Means
House - 05/16/2019 Referred to the House Committee on Ways and Means. (All Actions)
Text: H.R.2782 — 116th Congress (2019-2020)All Information (Except Text)
There is one version of the bill.
Text available as:
XML/HTML
XML/HTML (new window)
PDF (PDF provides a complete and accurate display of this text.) Tip?
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to repeal the 30-hour threshold for classification as a full-time employee for purposes of the employer mandate in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and replace it with 40 hours.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Mrs. Walorski (for herself, Mr. Lipinski, Mr. Kelly of Pennsylvania, and Mr. Peterson) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Ways and Means
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. Short title.
This Act may be cited as the "Employee Flexibility Act of 2019".
SEC. 2. Repeal of 30-hour threshold for classification as full-time employee for purposes of the employer mandate in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and replacement with 40 hours.
(a) Full-Time equivalents.—Paragraph (2) of section 4980H(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended—
(1) by repealing subparagraph (E); and
(2) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the following new subparagraph:
"(E) FULL-TIME EQUIVALENTS TREATED AS FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES.—Solely for purposes of determining whether an employer is an applicable large employer under this paragraph, an employer shall, in addition to the number of full-time employees for any month otherwise determined, include for such month a number of full-time employees determined by dividing the aggregate number of hours of service of employees who are not full-time employees for the month by 174.".
(b) Full-Time employees.—Paragraph (4) of section 4980H(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended—
(1) by repealing subparagraph (A); and
(2) by inserting before subparagraph (B) the following new subparagraph:
"(A) IN GENERAL.—The term 'full-time employee' means, with respect to any month, an employee who is employed on average at least 40 hours of service per week.".
(c) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section shall apply to months beginning after December 31, 2018.
Share This Section
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Which Michigan SOS Branches Open on Saturday?
Some of the Michigan SOS branches that operate on Saturdays include the Livonia, Pontiac and Clinton Township branch offices, as of 2015. These branches are known as SUPER!Centers and operate on Saturdays from 9 a.m. to noon, except on certain holidays.
Most SOS branches are open Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. and on Wednesdays from 11 a.m. to 7 p.m., except in city buildings, where they are open 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. According to Ruth Johnson, Secretary of State Department of State, smaller offices may close for lunch, and all of them are closed on state holidays, such as Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Presidents Day, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year's Day.
SOS offers a number of online services, including application for driver's license, state identification card, becoming an organ donor, CDL Self and Medical Certification, voter registration and change of address, obtaining driving record, emergency medical card and renewal of driver's license and replacing driver's license. Additionally, it also provides information on locating branch offices, driver responsibility program, and driver's license fees, driving skills testing organizations, motorcycle rider courses and where to get an enhanced identification card or license.
|
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High mileage vehicles If it gets over 30mpg, and isn't a hybrid - post here!
Bought one of the new Mazda 3 skyactivs.
You guys ever thought of a motorcycle?
The 2012 Scion IQ: Is 37 mpg enough?
Instead of 'green', how about used cards?
Wants to know about Ac Compressor!
|
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Is There A Killer Lurking In Your Home?
A few weeks ago, I read a blog post written by one of my favourite home inspectors about radon gas. For years we've heard rumours that this may become the "next big thing" and suddenly, it seems to be here.
Then a few week's ago, I was reading my latest issue of Maclean's magazine and lo and behold, there's a headline that says, "Feds look into Canada's killer homes" and it's all about radon. It says that while radon is hardly new, the Federal government is suddenly anxious to investigate further to find out which neighbourhoods are particularly at risk. They plan to spend almost $1 million testing 18,000 randomly selected homes to pinpoint possible danger zones.
There are do-it-yourself test kits available at hardware stores for around $50.00 but resolution is best left to the professionals. I doubt most of us have reason to run out and buy a kit however, I can predict the day will come that insurers will require testing in certain zones. This is an issue to keep our eye on in the real estate industry.
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Q: Users post my comments as answers EDIT After reading my own pcst again, I do not think it is constructive. I can't delete it so I flagged it as not constructive. This issue is too minor to be discussed in meta IMO.
I'm sorry if this was asked before, I've looked for it and couldn't find it.
Recently I've been running into the following scenerio:
*
*I look at a recently asked low-quality question. I vote to close it and do not post an answer, usually because it is not-constructive or it is a duplicate.
*I comment with the fix to the problem, prompting the user it was very easy to find with a search engine or leave a link to a duplicate question.
*Users come in, a few minutes after I voted to close the question and left the comment and use that comment to formulate a low quality answer, or posts something along the lines of that comment as their own.
*Original poster sees that answer, before/after the question is closed and up-votes it/accepts it, giving the guy who put the answer rep.
I've been noticing this pattern quite a lot recently. Here is the most recent example although I've seen it at least a dozen times before.
What can I do to improve in my approach to the problem?
In general, what should be done in such cases?
A: You could still submit the vote to close, and provide the solution as an answer, rather than a comment.
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Harvesters' mission is to feed hungry people. Our food bank envisions a time when everyone in our community has access to enough nutritious food to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Feeding America recently released Hunger in America 2014, a national study documenting the role food banks and their member nonprofit agencies play in supporting low-income families in the United States. The study provides a detailed snapshot of the 141,500 people Harvesters feeds each month.
Some of the study's most interesting findings reinforce the close link between hunger or poor nutrition and health. The study shows 29 percent of households receiving food report having at least one person in poor health. Moreover, 37 percent of households include at least one person with diabetes, and in 62 percent of households at least one person has high blood pressure.
Other research indicates obesity also is closely related to hunger. Low-income, food-insecure households are disproportionately affected by poor nutrition, overweight and obesity.
Former President and CEO of Truman Medical Centers John Bluford has said that poor nutrition is a factor in all four of the major chronic diseases the city's safety net hospital treats — obesity, diabetes, hypertension and heart disease.
Clients of Harvesters' network agencies cope with food insecurity in a variety of ways, with 78 percent reporting they buy the cheapest food available regardless of its nutritional value. Households with limited incomes try to stretch their food budgets by purchasing cheap, energy-dense foods that are filling. They maximize their calories per dollar to fight off hunger.
We know that Harvesters' clients want and need healthy foods. In the study, 52 percent of clients listed fresh fruits and vegetables as the foods they most wanted that were not always available at pantries and kitchens.
Harvesters works to provide the most nutritious food available. During fiscal year 2014, we distributed 10 million pounds of fresh produce. In addition, our nutrition education classes taught 22,260 children and adults about healthy eating. Ninety-five percent of participants told us the classes helped changed their behaviors related to nutrition and exercise.
We are excited that our vision of a healthier community is shared by the new Healthy KC Commission. The commission is a partnership between the Greater Kansas City Chamber of Commerce, Blue Cross Blue Shield of Kansas City and other health leaders, including the Health Forward Foundation.
Harvesters believes that feeding hungry children, families and seniors is key to the health and economic vitality of our community. We look forward to partnering with the commission to engage more people in our common vision. Working together is the only way to solve hunger and build a healthier community.
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The Champs Voice
Ask The Champ
Outsourced Emissions
A post from a site called GreenNews.ie that really caught my attention this week highlights the decadence of the West and our lack of global responsibility when it comes to fuel consumption. The post "NGOs call on the Irish State to cut coal ties in Philippines" by Shamim Malekmian is a reminder of how blind we are in our everyday consumer choices. We choose to ignore the unethical practice of outsourcing labour/production well below the standards we expect in our own country in order to create comfortable living in satellite Europe. Here's the post, Green News is a great site covering environmental issues in Ireland so please check them out too;
A coalition of environmental and civil society organisations from the Philippines has written to the Minister for Climate Action urging him to cut Irish ties with a new coal-fired plant in the country.
In 2017, ESB International, a global engineering consultancy wing of ESB, signed a contract to operate and manage a new 1,200MW coal-fired plant near Manila on behalf of Meralco PowerGen Corporation.
The Department of Climate Action (DCCAE) is responsible for overseeing matters relating to the governance of commercial and non-commercial semi-state bodies, including the ESB.
In an open letter to the Department's new Minister, Richard Bruton TD, the Filipino groups highlighted the detrimental consequences of coal-fired plants on human health and the environment. The groups, including the Center for Energy, Ecology and Development and the Philippine Movement for Climate Justice, outline the adverse impacts of other coal-fired plants in the country.
The plants, they argue, led to hundreds of families being "forcefully displaced" to give way for construction without any proper resettlement plans.
"The Philippines remains highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. Putting up more coal plants would only undermine what little efforts there are to boost our communities' resilience to climate change," the letter reads.
"We cannot allow our communities to suffer from the double whammy of coal-fired power plant projects that come in the form of negative health and environmental impacts."
The groups also call on Mr Bruton to "walk the talk" and honour Ireland's commitment to the Powering Past Coal Alliance (PPCA). Members of the alliance are committed to phasing out existing coal power generation in their countries and to support clean power generation through Government policies.
"The Irish Government's participation, through ESB International, in the operation and management of A1E 1,200 MW coal plant reneges on the same principles adopted by PPCA," the letter states.
An ESB spokesperson said that the decision to build the power plant and its fuel mix is made by the Philippine authorities and that ESB International "does not have any influence or input in those decisions". ESB International provided expertise to "support environmental compliance" and deliver "safe and reliable power systems", the spokesperson said.
The letter was sent to Mr Bruton on Tuesday, a day before his scheduled speech at the plenary of COP24 in Katowice, Poland. During his speech, Mr Bruton indicated that Ireland needs to do more to tackle our rising emissions and outlined his proposal for a new "all of Government" plan to tackle climate change.
Mr Bruton also outlined that Ireland will provide an additional €4.5m to fund international co-operation on climate action, including €1.2million for the Great Green Wall Initiative to help developing countries to prevent and mitigate against the effects of desertification.
(Shamim is a Senior Reporter at The Green News and a contributing writer to the Irish Examiner, Cork Evening Echo and the Dublin Inquirer @ShamimMalekmian @GreenNews_ie)
The Champ has only one voice, but the internet has many amazing writers and bloggers, so I'm opening up this page to contributors, you are all now welcome to add your opinion.
Aine Mulloy
Ann Hayden
Beanzie Flynn
Caitlin Johnstone
Chas Peeps
Ciara Pollock
Emma Rainey
Estelle Birdy
HiredKnave
Hugh Murphy
Jane Carnall
Jason Michael
Jimi Kavanagh
Joyce Rubotham
Liam Cahill
Mark Hoskins
Mary McEneaney
Matthew Widaw
Nick Rabbitts
Old Diesel
Paul Gallagher
Paul McCarrick
Polly Molotov
Ray McGrath
Rebel.ie
Thomas G Clark
Tony Groves
William Wall
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Your Full Guide To Lady Gaga's 'Together At Home' Concert On 4/18
Do you remember that god awful and rather awkward interview between Lady Gaga and Jimmy Fallon that happened a week ago?
Well, there was a good reason and Lady Gaga has really brought her A-game with this one.
Lady Gaga has partnered with Global Citizen and the World Health Organization (WHO) for the first-ever, 'Together At Home' charity concert which will benefit coronavirus relief efforts.
Here is all you need to know:
WHEN: The concert is set to air on April 18th at 8 PM EST.
WHERE TO WATCH ON TV: This concert will be broadcasting on all major networks including ABC, NBC, ViacomCBS Networks, as well as Bell Media networks and platforms in Canada. Internationally, BBC One will run the program on Sunday, April 19, with additional international broadcasters including beIN Media Group, MultiChoice Group, and RTE.
WHERE TO STREAM: This concert will also be available to stream on Alibaba, Amazon Prime Video, Apple, Facebook, Instagram, LiveXLive, Tencent, Tencent Music Entertainment Group, TIDAL, TuneIn, Twitch, Twitter, Yahoo, and YouTube.
FOR WHAT: A majority of the funds raised will be donated to the COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund to support those in need during this crazy time.
According to MSN.com, donations will be made to other, "local and regional charities helping those in need and will 'celebrate and support brave healthcare workers doing life-saving work on the front lines.'"
HOWEVER, Lady Gaga has stressed that this concert is NOT a fundraiser. All of the fundraising will be done prior to the big event.
"When we do go on air, put your wallets away, your credit cards away, and enjoy the show," said Lada Gaga during her interview with Jimmy Fallon.
WHO: There is a pretty big lineup already set to perform....virtually of course.
Here is who was just added to the list of performers: Taylor Swift, Jennifer Lopez, The Killers, Christine & The Queens, Pharrell, Camila Cabello, and Alicia Keys.
They join the stacked lineup that already included: Gaga, Lizzo, Billie Eilish, Paul McCartney, Elton John, Finneas, Stevie Wonder, John Legend, Chris Martin, Eddie Vedder, Kacey Musgraves, J Balvin, Keith Urban, Alanis Morissette, Lang Lang, Andrea Bocelli, Billie Joe Armstrong, Burna Boy, and Maluma.
Check out the original sources for this event at UPRoxx.com, MSN.com, MSN.com (#2) and GlobalCitizen.org.
How can I stay safe while grocery shopping? And answers to 24 other coronavirus questions
More From Lite Rock:
Filed Under: Global Citizen, good news, Lady GaGa, Together At Home, WHO
Categories: Concerts, Entertainment, Lists, National News, News
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Vincent Riso is a principal of The Briarwood Organization and primarily responsible for overseeing prospective residential and commercial ventures. In this capacity, he forecasts market demand and designs the financial framework for all Briarwood-developed projects.
Separately, Mr. Riso, a licensed real estate broker, supervises Briarwood Properties, the Organization's autonomous sales & management Corporation. Mr. Riso has been involved in numerous civic, charitable and professional causes. At the Queens Chamber of Commerce's 2008 Building Awards, Mr. Riso received a Lifetime Achievement Award. Through his long-standing involvement with St. Mary's, he was honored at the Bayside Children's Hospital's tribute dinner in 2007. In 2006, he received an East Harlem Community Service Award from Hope Community for making East Harlem a better place to live and work. He was appointed in 1995 to be the Diocesan Trustee on the Members Board of the Nehemiah II Project for the Diocese of Brooklyn by the Most Reverend Thomas C. Daily. Mr. Riso was appointed to housing and construction committees during the administrations of Mayors Koch, Giuliani and Bloomberg. In addition, he is a board member of the New York State Association for Affordable Housing, a current board member, past president and founding member of the Queens and Bronx Building Association, and continues to serve on the board of The Citizens Housing and Planning Council.
James Riso is a principal of The Briarwood Organization and primarily responsible for overseeing the daily operations for all general contracted, construction managed and Briarwood-developed projects, as well as overseeing daily operations of the company, including property management.
Mr. Riso is a past president and current board member of the Queens and Bronx Building Association, a past president and current board member of the Bayside Village Business Improvement District and a board member of the New York State Association for Affordable Housing. He is also a member of the Workplace Development Advisory Board. He is a Certified Green Professional through the National Association of Home Builders. Mr. Riso holds a bachelor's degree in architecture from the New York Institute of Technology as well as a master's certificate from the Schack Institute of Real Estate at New York University. He is also a licensed Real Estate Broker.
Howard Goodman is a principal of The Briarwood Organization and primarily responsible for overseeing the pre-planning, design and feasibility stages of all Briarwood-developed projects.
He is also charged with leading the design team for all construction, articulating project scope and requirements to structural engineers and architects. In his years of experience, many of Mr. Goodman's projects have received praise and design awards from community leaders as well as peers in the building industry. Mr. Goodman has held the positions of senior project manager, architectural designer, development planner, and estimator.
Ms. Inquanti is Chief Financial Officer primarily responsible for managing and monitoring the fiscal components of all Briarwood Organization ventures.
Ms. Inquanti's position involves overseeing construction loans, commercial property mortgages, and cash flow. She also oversees financial operations for Briarwood. Beyond that, Ms. Inquanti is intimately involved in the development planning process, advising on all projects pro formas and government subsidy programs. With over 25 years' experience with the organization, she has served in all capacities for Briarwood and holds a vital role in all department functions.
Mr. Brown is the Director of Development and General Counsel to The Briarwood Organization charged with identifying new development projects as well as managing all real estate and financial transactions.
In his capacity as General Counsel Mr. Brown is the primary liaison with special counsel retained for specific projects and he coordinates and monitors each project from site identification, through acquisition, financing, construction and sale or lease up. Mr. Brown is admitted to practice as an Attorney at Law in the Courts of the State of New York and has represented Briarwood for over 30 years, both as retained counsel and as General Counsel. Mr. Brown holds a Bachelors Degree from the City University of New York Brooklyn College and a Juris Doctor Degree from Brooklyn Law School. Prior to joining the organization he gained over 20 years of experience as an attorney specializing in transactional real estate, real estate development, and real estate finance. Mr. Brown is a member of the New York State Bar Association as well as a past president and current director on the board of The Queens & Bronx Building Association, past co-chairman of the Associate Board of Parker Jewish Institute, a board member of the New York State Association for Affordable Housing and a former director on the board of Building Skills NY.
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Olga, encargada es el capítulo vigésimo séptimo de la segunda temporada de la serie de televisión argentina Mujeres asesinas. Este episodio se estrenó el día 10 de octubre de 2006.
Este episodio fue protagonizado por Andrea Pietra, en el papel de asesina. Coprotagonizado por Pepe Monje y Marcela Ferradas. También, contó con la actuación especial de Gabriel Goity.
Desarrollo
Trama
Olga (Andrea Pietra) es una mujer que para poder mantener a sus dos hijos, Julia (Ananda Bredice) y Juan (Matías Baroffio), ejerce la prostitución. En el medio conoce a Camilo (Gabriel Goity),un encargado de un bar ; él quiere formar una familia con ella y ofrecerle trabajo en su cantina, pero a ella, no le convence demasiado este nuevo pretendiente. Pasa el tiempo, y Camilo se pone cada vez más celoso de que ella trabaje de prostituta, por eso la termina amenazando de que si no deja esa vida, la va a denunciar por ejercer ese trabajo teniendo dos menores a cargo. Finalmente se van a vivir juntos y Olga comienza a trabajar para él. Desde entonces, Olga se encuentra con que Camilo es un maltratador, la manipula, no le da nunca dinero, y además tiene reacciones violentas hacia sus hijos, pero lo peor es que Olga queda embarazada de Camilo y éste la obliga a tener a su hijo. Ella al ver esto reacciona, pero al hacerlo comienza a recibir terribles golpizas de parte de él. Cuando Olga ve que Camilo se sigue metiendo en la vida de sus hijos a su antojo, llegando a poner a trabajar a su hija, Olga, cansada de esta situación, decide poner fin a la situación: primero lo mata a golpes y luego lo descuartiza, tres días después aborta al hijo que esperaba con Camilo.
Condena
Olga fue detenida dos días después del crimen, mientras salía de un consultorio clandestino donde acababan de practicarle un aborto. A pocos metros de la pensión encontraron el cadáver descuartizado de Camilo, en cuatro bolsas de basura. Fue condenada a 13 años de prisión por homicidio simple. Sus dos hijos fueron derivados a un instituto de menores. Saldrá en el año 2010.
Elenco
Andrea Pietra
Gabriel Goity
Marcela Ferradas
Pepe Monje
Ananda Bredice
Matías Baroffio
Adaptaciones
Mujeres asesinas (Colombia): Olga, la portera - Natasha Klauss
Véase también
Mujeres asesinas (libro)
Enlaces externos
Página oficial de Mujeres asesinas
Episodios de Mujeres asesinas
|
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NRL star Jack de Belin loses Federal Court challenge to code's no-fault stand-down policy
By Jamie McKinnell and Glen Lauder
Updated May 18, 2019 00:23:05
Video: ARLC Commissioner Peter Beattie said administrators were forced to act in the interests of the game. (ABC News)
Related Story: NRL chief Greenberg wants to see de Belin case completed
Related Story: 'Harsh, unfair, draconian': Jack de Belin challenges NRL's bad behaviour crackdown
NRL star Jack de Belin's ban will continue after a court ruled against his challenge to the game's no-fault stand-down policy.
Jack de Belin sued the NRL for standing him down over sexual assault charges
Hs lawyers argued the rule was an "unlawful restraint of trade"
The judge ruled the policy was necessary to protect the game's interests
The St George-Illawarra player, 28, was charged with aggravated sexual assault relating to an alleged incident with a 19-year-old woman in Wollongong in December.
He pleaded not guilty to the charge, but was stood down on full pay under the no-fault policy, before challenging it in a landmark case in the Federal Court of Australia.
Federal Court Justice Melissa Perry dismissed a claim that the new rule constituted an "unlawful restraint of trade" for de Belin.
Justice Perry said the rule was necessary to protect the legitimate interests of the Australian Rugby League Commission (ARLC) and NRL to act.
"The Court accepted that nothing short of a rule precluding Mr de Belin and others charged in the future with serious offences of a similar nature from taking to the field was likely to address the clear and present danger established by the evidence," she said in a written summary of the decision.
Several off-field incidents prompted the ARLC to introduce the rule, which applies to players who are charged with serious indictable offences carrying sentences of 11 years or more.
Justice Perry said there was a "significant escalation" in concerns raised by sponsors following de Belin's first court appearance.
De Belin's lawyer, Martin Einfeld QC, had argued the provision was "harsh, unfair and draconian".
He said to have such a measure apply retrospectively was unprecedented in any sporting code in Australia and may also be a world first.
De Belin's case challenged his suspension, but also demanded "corrective advertising", costs and damages.
The court dismissed his applications and ordered him to pay costs.
'We had to make a tough decision'
Photo: ARLC chairman Peter Beattie said a horror off-season forced the code to act. (AAP: Brendan Esposito)
Outside court, ARLC Commissioner Peter Beattie said the code's administrators were forced to act in the interests of the game.
"When you're confronted with the off-season that we had, we had to take some action," he said.
"Clearly we would have preferred none of this to have happened.
"We had to make a tough decision, our job is not a popularity contest — it's to do the right thing by rugby league.
He said if de Belin was found to be innocent, he would be welcomed back to the game.
"I said to Jack that we understand his circumstances, we understand this is a difficult time for him, and that is one of the reasons why this rule enables Jack to be paid his full salary [and] to train with his teammates," he said.
"I think it's really important from the media's perspective that we're dealing with people's livelihoods here."
NRL chief executive Todd Greenberg said the welfare of de Belin and his Dragons teammates was a priority.
Crackdown backed by fans
The ARLC and NRL jointly announced de Belin was suspended in late February before conceding the new rule wasn't actually in place until March 11.
The commission argued in court the crackdown followed growing condemnation from fans, sponsors and the public and had received "widespread approval".
Photo: Dylan Walker's suspension was lifted after he was found not guilty of domestic violence charges. (AAP: Jeremy Piper)
The commission's lawyers said it did not wish, nor could it afford, to be seen as condoning acts of violence against women or being "lax" in responding to serious allegations.
Manly's Dylan Walker had his suspension under the policy lifted after domestic violence charges against him were dismissed in court last week.
Penrith player Tyrone May is the only other player currently affected by the rule.
May was charged with recording and disseminating intimate images without consent a week after the policy was put in place by the governing body.
De Belin's agent, Stephen Gillis, told a hearing last month that players who were not able to "ply their trade" would take a large financial hit in future contract negotiations.
Mr Beattie has previously said the commission was making no judgement about the innocence or guilt of a player, but the Rugby League Players Association disagreed and said the rule undermined the presumption of innocence.
De Belin's aggravated sexual assault matter returns to court later this month.
Topics: law-crime-and-justice, courts-and-trials, sport, nrl, sydney-2000
First posted May 17, 2019 16:31:39
What the Moon landing reveals about your brain
By John Barron
If you are over 55, chances are you don't just remember the Apollo 11 Moon landing, you also remember exactly where you were when you saw it. So why do we remember some things but not others?
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Thanks to your efforts and the letters written by many heritage supporters, MPs voted in the House of Commons today, March 23, 2017 to send Bill C-323 to theStanding Committee on Environment and Sustainable Development – an important step in making tax incentives a reality!
Take a moment to savour this historic milestone in the 40 year campaign to achieve tax incentives for historic places in Canada.
We urge you to thank your MP for voting YES. Find out here how your MP voted.
The Committee has up to 60 sitting days to consider it, make any amendments, and bring it back to Parliament.
There will be debate (two one-hour sessions) and voting on proposed amendments the following week. The process could take up to 30 days.
More debate (two one-hour sessions) and a vote – if passed, the Bill goes to Senate for debate and passing, Royal Assent, and becomes law.
Considering there are only between 33 and 44 sitting days left in the Parliamentary Calendar before the summer break, we are unsure if how far the Bill will proceed this spring.What's next? We still have work to do! Your continued support will be needed to ensure that members of the Standing Committee on Environment and Sustainable Development are aware that Canadian communities need the measures proposed in Bill C-323.
Update March 17 – House of Commons to vote on Bill C-323 on Thursday, March 23. Vote will either kill Bill or send it to the Standing Committee on Environment and Sustainable Development for further discussion. It's not too late to contact your local MP!
Update March 2 – Second hour of House of Commons debate on Heritage Tax Bill C-323 may be set for Thursday, March 9. Vote to kill bill or to send committee – March 22.
On December 1, 2016, a Private Members Bill to create tax credits for historic places was tabled in the House of Commons. Bill C-323 – An Act to Amend the Income Tax Act (Rehabilitation of Historic Property) – is based on a great US success story with a 40- year track record. This Bill presents an historic opportunity to tell elected officials from every political party that Canada's historic places matter, and that federal actions can help save and renew them.
These two tax measures would transform the economic fundamentals for renewing historic places. In the process would create more skilled jobs and generate less carbon and new construction.
You'll find information about Bill C-323 and background materials to help you take action below.
1. Write to your MP, or ask for a meeting, or both! Point to historic places in your riding that need this kind of financial measure – especially those at risk!
2. Write a letter to the Minister of the Environment, who is responsible for built heritage in Canada. A real letter is much more effective than an e-mail!
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Lamoine Consolidated School has set high, but reasonable expectations for student behavior. Our new Honor Level System recognizes and celebrates our students who consistently strive to meet those expectations. What is the Honor Level System?
The Honor Level System is an incentive system designed to recognize students for good behavior. An emphasis is placed on teaching students to be responsible for their own actions. The ultimate goal of this system is to build an atmosphere where students strive to be responsible citizens. The incentives for appropriate behaviors will be intangible rewards such as field trips, assemblies, special events, and privileges. This system is directly connected to the school's discipline procedures and policies, as well as our extra-curricular code.
Inappropriate behaviors result in a series of progressive consequences appropriate for each grade level.
Infraction slips are used when adequate warnings have failed to curb inappropriate behavior.
Students will be warned that they will be issued an infraction slip if the behavior does not improve, unless it is an unsafe or major infraction behavior.
Unsafe behaviors or major infraction behaviors will automatically result in an infraction slip.
When a student's behavior is so disruptive that he/she cannot remain in the classroom they will be sent to the office. Being sent to the office is a major infraction and will result in infractions points based on the severity of the behavior.
Responsibility infractions are issued for organizational reasons. These are 1 point infractions.
inappropriate behavior in the classroom, halls, cafeteria, field trips, etc.
When issued an infraction slip, students are asked to sign the slip. This way, the students know that they will be assigned a consequence and the appropriate number of infraction points. Infraction points are doubled when assigned by a substitute. A computerized system records the infractions, places the students in the correct Honor Level. Students will be expected to serve the consequence on the next school day.
Minor infractions will result in 1 infraction point.
Major infractions warrant an immediate consequence, will result in an automatic office referral, and points will be assigned according to the severity of the behavior.
The Honor level System is forgiving. If a student earns infraction slips and drops to a lower Honor Level, they can move up one Honor Level in 14 calendar days IF they do not earn another infraction. They can also earn community service points to counter infraction points. A list of possible community service opportunities will be posted in classrooms.
**We welcome reward and incentive suggestions from parents and students!
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Q: Creating a comma separated vector I have a numeric vector, one, which I'm trying to turn into a character vector where
each element is separated by commas.
> one = c(1:5)
> paste(as.character(one), collapse=", ")
[1] "1, 2, 3, 4, 5"
> paste(as.character(one), sep="' '", collapse=", ")
[1] "1, 2, 3, 4, 5"
However, I want the output to look like:
"1", "2", "3", "4", "5"
Am I missing some parameter from the paste function?
Help!?
A: You say you want a character vector with that output, but others who find this question may be looking for one of these functions instead:
First, a way to get output ready for input to R; that would be dput:
> dput(as.character(one))
c("1", "2", "3", "4", "5")
Second, a way to output a csv file, which would be write.csv or write.table. These functions take a parameter file, not used here, to directly output to a file.
> write.table(matrix(as.character(one),nrow=1), sep=",",
row.names=FALSE, col.names=FALSE)
"1","2","3","4","5"
> write.csv(matrix(as.character(one),nrow=1),row.names=FALSE)
"V1","V2","V3","V4","V5"
"1","2","3","4","5"
A: In addition to shQuote, see the functions sQuote and dQuote to wrap text in single and double quotes respectively. You'll also want to set options(useFancyQuotes=FALSE) to get plain (unidirectional) ASCII quotes.
A: Something similar with toString
toString(paste0("'",1:10,"'") )
A: Just to add on to Noah's answer if you want to use the paste function:
paste(shQuote(one, type="sh"), collapse=", ")
Should give you:
[1] '1','2','3','4','5'
A: Assuming you want your output in a character string (as opposed to a vector of characters) you could try:
paste("'",as.character(one),"'",collapse=", ",sep="")
That gives you single quotes around the numbers rather than double quotes, but it's basically what you seem to want.
And you can always escape to get double quotes:
rs <- paste("\"",as.character(one),"\"",collapse=", ",sep="")
cat(rs)
that should print out what you want with the double quotes.
A: shQuote is probably the best way to do this. Specifically, this gets you the output you want:
cat(paste(shQuote(one, type="cmd"), collapse=", "))
If single quotes are fine, you can use:
paste(shQuote(one), collapse=", ")
type="cmd" actually provides escaped quotes, which is what's actually useful for most contexts, but if you really want to display it somewhere with unescaped quotes, cat provides that.
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How to find purpose in retirement–and why it matters
by Roxanne | Jan 7, 2021 | Interviews with Experts | 2 comments
For many of us, our career has provided a sense of purpose for decades, motivating us to suit up and show up for our employers, clients and coworkers. When what we love to do intersects with what we're good at—and we're valued for our contributions—we feel excited and energized, filled with a sense of focus, clarity and achievement.
But what happens to this sense of purpose and its emotional rewards when we retire? What motivates us to get out of bed in the morning then? What makes us revel in and appreciate life every day?
To get some answers, I spoke with Hélène T. Stelian, an iPEC-certified life coach, speaker, author and blogger (Next Act for Women). Through her signature 6-week group program, Discover Your Purpose, Hélène coaches women in transition to help them find joy and fulfillment in the second half of life. In a recent interview, here's how she responded to these questions:
To start, how do you define "purpose?"
At its simplest, it's your why. It's why you're here—what you've been put on this earth to contribute—and why you matter. Which means that there are probably as many definitions of purpose as there are people on earth.
Why is having a purpose so important?
Having a purpose is essential to our happiness. Psychologist Carol Ryff, head of the Institute on Aging at the University of Wisconsin, has studied the topic of happiness for over 30 years. Dr. Ryff has identified 6 critical elements that contribute to our psychological wellbeing and having a purpose—which she describes as having goals in life and a sense of directedness—is one of them (along with self-acceptance, personal growth, positive relationships with others, mastery of your environment and autonomy).
But the benefits of living purposefully go beyond our emotional wellbeing, don't they?
Absolutely. Having a sense of purpose also benefits our health and longevity. Based on data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study, researchers found that people who reported a greater sense of purpose and direction in life were more likely to outlive their peers. In fact, people with a sense of purpose had a 15% lower risk of death compared with those who said they were aimless. And it didn't seem to matter when people found their direction; it could be in their 20s, 50s or 70s.
Other studies have found that adults reporting a low sense of purpose were more likely to have a stroke, heart attack or coronary artery disease requiring a stent or bypass surgery, while those with a high sense of purpose had a 19% lower risk of developing the same conditions. A cardiologist who was one of the study authors said that these findings put living purposefully on a par with other heart-protective activities like exercise.
What's more, the benefits of purposeful living aren't limited to heart health. Research at Chicago's Rush University Medical Center suggests that a strong sense of purpose can make the brain stronger and more resistant to the effects of diseases like Alzheimer's and stroke.
So what does living a purposeful life look and feel like?
Having a sense of purpose brings us both peace and excitement; they're two sides of the same coin. When we know we're on the right path and having an impact, we can stop questioning if what we do amounts to anything. There's peace and calm in the certainty that we're precisely where we're supposed to be.
It's also exciting when you know your purpose. The Japanese word for it is ikigai—an understanding of your unique mission in life, your reason to get up in the morning. When you live purposefully, you face each day with energy, clarity and excitement.
Many of the women who answered our Retirement Voices questionnaire spoke of how adrift or disconnected they felt once they left their careers; work had given them a sense of purpose that was now lacking. What's your advice for someone in this situation?
Retirement is a huge transition. But retiring professionally doesn't mean you're retiring from life, setting goals or undertaking purposeful endeavors. Retirement is a wonderful opportunity to rediscover yourself and continue to contribute meaningfully to the world. It begins with a shift in mindset, recognizing the opportunity you now have to focus on yourself instead of others, such as your employer or family.
But why is it important to have a sense of purpose in retirement—isn't this the time in our lives to just kick back and go where life takes us?
You could try that—and my bet is that after a few weeks or months, you'd get pretty bored! As humans, we're naturally goal-oriented; we want something to strive for. Waking up with nothing to do or to look forward to isn't good for us. In fact, it's said that the two most dangerous times in our life are the year we're born (due to infant mortality) and the year after we retire—which suggests that we need to have a reason to get out of bed each day!
But what if someone doesn't have any big, lofty goals for retirement? Maybe all she wants to do is spend time with family and friends, and volunteer at her local animal shelter.
Let's be clear: retirement doesn't mean you have to start a new business or launch a nonprofit in order to have a purpose. The word "purpose" can feel a bit overwhelming, but it doesn't have to be. Calling it your "why" can feel less heavy. Or your legacy—what you wish to leave behind. Or your "thing." One of my clients decided that her thing was nurturing, and she did it through preparing food and bringing people together. It doesn't have to be a complicated, big idea. It just means finding what lights you up, what you're excited to talk about with others.
How do we figure out what our purpose is? What questions should we be asking ourselves?
My approach is built on clarifying four essential questions:
Who am I today? Define the values that are the essence of your being and guide your life
Where do I shine? Get clear on your gifts and talents, whether innate or learned
What do I love to do? Take a deep dive into your interests, or emerging/forgotten passions
What are my callings? Look at the ways you can contribute to the world, whether it's your family or planet Earth
Once you've uncovered these four essential elements, bring them together into a statement that reflects how you choose to express your purpose in the world. There's a lot of freedom and creative potential here. And there are so many ways these questions can resonate with us as we face this next chapter.
With a clear purpose, we can take charge of our lives instead of letting life happen to us. We can know exactly why we're here and what we're meant to do next. And we can wake up every morning excited to face the day.
Whether you're retired or still working, do you feel you're living a purposeful life? What gets you excited about starting each day? Got questions for Hélène? Please share in the comments below!
Hélène is starting her next 6-week Discover Your Purpose online program on January 16. It includes carefully designed weekly exercises that will challenge you and help you get clear on who you are and what you're meant to do with your one precious life. To learn more, please visit her website.
Lynne M. Spreen on January 7, 2021 at 8:55 pm
Hi Hélène! Long time no talk to.
This is such an interesting topic. I have gone back and forth. Recently, I wondered if having a purpose might equate to "justifying one's existence," in which case it would be bad!
OTOH, as you point out, our reason for getting out of bed can be on a scale from "today I want to make my semi-annual batch of poppy seed bread" to "today I want to continue my quest to create a new initiative or organization for the purpose of XYZ".
I do worry that we sometimes feel less valuable if we only want to relax and recover from our busy younger years. Sometimes I feel my only purpose is to enjoy my life, but that's a big accomplishment for a former workaholic!
Best wishes in the new year,
Helene Tragos Stelian on January 7, 2021 at 9:55 pm
Hi Lynne and thanks so much for reading and commenting. Yes, I agree we can be hard on ourselves and have unrealistic expectations. Purpose does run the gamut and does not mean one has to do extraordinary things. But I don't know too many who could live idly with no goals or passions to pursue, however mundane they may seem. Savoring can be a challenge, as you point out, for those of us who have been driving ourselves hard for years. It's all about mindset and perspective. Enjoy!
Join the Retirement Voices community to get the blog and updates about the book!
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Japan Mulling Permit System for Unmanned Autonomous Driving
Politics Society Dec 23, 2021
Tokyo, Dec. 23 (Jiji Press)--Japan is considering establishing a permit system for unmanned autonomous vehicles, which the country hopes to put fully into practical use in fiscal 2022, it was learned Thursday.
The permit system is expected to be included in a bill to amend the road traffic law that the National Police Agency plans to submit during an ordinary session of the Diet, the country's parliament, from next month.
The NPA also hopes to include new rules for new forms of transportation in the bill. Many experts say that there are limitations to the existing laws concerning such mobility.
Under the planned rules, a driver's license will not be required for electric kick scooters whose maximum speed is 20 kilometers per hour or less, while those under age 16 will not be allowed to ride them.
Rules on autonomous driving and new mobility systems and other related items were proposed for the legislation in reports released by two expert panels under the agency.
[Copyright The Jiji Press, Ltd.]
Jiji Press
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And yet. "Spring Fashion Modeled by Rising Young Poets." The words are heart-sinking. For some readers, this will be because poetry represents a higher form of culture that can only be debased by the commentary of Oprah Winfrey and the pencil skirts of L'Wren Scott. But this isn't quite right. Any critic knows there are dozens of poetry collections published every year that are considerably less culturally valuable than Winfrey's many enterprises and that could only be improved by pencil skirts, preferably by being wrapped in several of them and chucked in the East River. The problem is that poetry can't approach the world inhabited by O and fashion design — that is, the world of American mass culture — with the same swagger as other fields do. When Terrell Owens holds forth on poetry in O (yes, he does), much of the audience knows that Owens is a football player, and has at least a vague idea of what football is, what it means and why it inspires otherwise reasonable people to put Styrofoam cheese slices on their heads. But poets and poetry readers … we can't bring our context with us. We're at the mercy of someone else's display. The sad thing about "Spring Fashion Modeled by Rising Young Poets" is not that the photos are a debasement of Art. The sad thing is that they capture an inevitable and impossible yearning. The chasm between the audience for poetry and the audience for O is vast, and not even the mighty Oprah can build a bridge from empty air.
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Born on January 4, 1943 .
This memorial website was created in memory of our loved one, Diepreye Kaitell 73 years old , born on January 4, 1943 and passed away on April 24, 2016. We will remember her forever.
Mama, I miss you so very much. Each day I keep thinking of you...what I would want to tell you, how you would respond, your voice, your smile and laughter, your love and support. To the glory of God, you lived a purposeful life. Selfless, considerate, generous, loving and kind. I thank God for your life, for HIS faithfulness and loving kindness to us all. I know that you are watching over us all with the angels in heaven, especially over Mayowa and Oyinkan. Continue to Rest In Peace with our Lord God Almighty Mama.
"To everything there is a season, A time for every purpose under heaven:" Ecclesiastes 3:1 NKJV "Most assuredly, I say to you, he who hears My word and believes in Him who sent Me has everlasting life, and shall not come into judgment, but has passed from death into life." John 5:24 NKJV Lord God Almighty, I thank and Praise You always. I miss you beyond words Mama. I love you forever. I thank God Almighty for your wonderful life on earth and the assurance of peace everlasting in heaven. Forever in my heart, my Mama Timi.
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In this first installment, Chris lays the groundwork for the series. The course begins with a discussion of portraiture and the characteristics that make an effective, story-filled portrait. Chris then explains the importance of establishing a connection with a subject and identifying those details that will help tell his or her story. Next, he explores elements such as location, natural lighting, and composition. The course concludes with an exploration of gear: the creative options that various lenses and cameras provide, and techniques for shooting efficiently and unobtrusively.
- My name's Chris Orwig, I'm a photographer, author, and teacher, and more than anything, I am passionate about photography, and I'm really excited to share that passion with you in this course, Foundations of Portraiture. Now, this course is part of a larger series that we call Narrative Portraiture, and this series is all about creating pictures of people that tell stories. Well, instead of bringing someone into a studio, and surrounding them with lights, in this series, we're gonna go out into the world, and we're gonna explore how we can create pictures of people where they live, work, and play, and our goal, it isn't flattery, rather it's trying to create something that's honest and authentic, and to do so using natural light.
Now, in this first installment of the series, we aren't going to actually create photographs, rather we're going to step back, we're gonna explore how we can work with light and composition and gear, and how we can combine all of those elements in order to create narrative filled natural light portraits. In future installments, we'll hit the road with camera in hand, we'll interact with some really fascinating people, and we'll explore how we can photographically tell their stories. I like to think of the entirety of this series as a collaboration between you and me, so as you watch it, always be asking yourself, how does this relate to the photographs that I want to create? Well, in future installments, I'll provide you with some assignments, which will help you answer that question, but for now, let's start the beginning, let's build a foundation for portraiture.
What kinds of portraits do you want to take?
What makes a portrait narrative?
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This post is for our Freaky Friday fans!! We have decided to bring you a similar sale called AMAZING APRIL, so you can have some fun in the first half of the year too! As usual, we will be offering you a wide range of resources, for various grade levels, at the super duper price of just one dollar for the day!
We hope you will find lots of great resources each week and we'll be 'jumping for spring joy' if we can help you with your planning during the amazing month of April!
For those who know the format of Freaky Friday and for any newbies that stop by, here is how it works!
30+ Teacher Authors have teamed up to bring you a dollar deal each Friday in April.
The deal is good for ONE DAY ONLY, so you'll want to set a reminder not to miss out on Fridays!
It will bring you directly to the list of deals being offered on Teachers Pay Teachers!
There is a link-up at the bottom of this post to find the participating stores. You can click the first image in the linky to find ALL THE DEALS for the week or click each individual seller's picture to find what they are discounting for the day!
#amazingaprilpegs on Instagram to link their products, but you won't find them all this way.
So what will you find from me on Week 4? We are bringing you two dollar deals for the final week, so plenty to choose from!
As the countdown to summer break has started for many teachers, I have decided to offer two End of Year resources this week.
This End of Year Activities and Games Pack is all about reviewing learning, whilst having fun at the end of the year, when brains are tired and everyone is ready for their summer break! The pack has a mix of literacy and numeracy activities, delivered in game board and puzzle formats.
Appreciate your students at the end of the year with these End of Year Class Awards!
What better way to end the year than letting students know their strengths and saying goodbye with that important 'feel-good' factor! Hold a class assembly and hand out these colorful certificates to each of your students, along with a simple gift. Your students will remember you for years to come! Being praised will encourage them to feel positive about the upcoming academic year and end the current chapter knowing they have achieved something great!
There are 40 certificates in total. Where applicable I have included both UK and US spelling.
So, that's it for this week!
Are you ready to find all the deals for the FINAL week of Amazing April?
The following stores are participating in Amazing April! Please click each store to see what they are offering as their $1 deal for the week!
All messages are heartily welcomed!
Follow Teacher's Toolkit Teaching Resources board on Pinterest.
Mindfulness for Teachers and a FREEBIE!
The Ultimate TpT Business Planner - all-in-one solution!
Field Trips - love 'em or hate 'em?
Encouraging Growth Mindset in the Classroom and a FREEBIE!
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The Think Ahead recruitment team is gearing up for a full season of university visits over the autumn term. We'll be visiting 28 different institutions and attending over 50 events in the next eight weeks, offering students and graduates the opportunity to learn more about our programme.
We are holding a number of different events around the country, ranging from appearances at careers fairs, to presentations about Think Ahead, to interactive skills sessions to prepare people for the world of work upon graduation.
We're excited about having the opportunity to meet people and discuss why working in mental health is a great career choice.
If you're interested in meeting us at your university, please check our Events section for more information. If you've already graduated, or we're not coming to your university this year, please do get in touch directly with our team and we can answer your questions.
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Top 5 Best Cricket Games for PS4, PS5, Xbox and PC 2023
By Darshan Jawale Last updated Jul 22, 2021
There are many cricket games are available for PS4, PS5, PC and Xbox right now, here are the best top 5 out f them.
Cricket is the most followed and loved sport in the Indian Subcontinent and few other parts of the world. With the pandemic resulting in a limited number of cricket matches being played, cricket fans can stay connected with the sport via video games. Many cricket video games have been developed and released for fans in the past few years. Fans can play these cricket games on PS4, Xbox and PC.
Even if cricket games are not as successful and famous as their football counterparts in PlayStation and Xbox, there are still many cricket games available on the PS4 and Xbox platforms. Here are the best cricket games available on PS4, PS5 and Xbox.
Top 5 Best Cricket Games for PS4, PS5, Xbox and PC
1. Cricket 19
Cricket 19 was developed by Big Ant Studios and Maximum Games and was launched in 2019. The game includes various formats of cricket, including Men's ODI, T20, Test World Cups and the Ashes series, Women's ODI and T20.
One interesting feature of Cricket 19 is the career mode, wherein also users can start the game as a rookie or as an existing established cricketer.
Cricket 19 is available to play on PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Microsoft Windows, Steam, Nintendo Switch.
READ: Best Battle Royale Games to Play on Android and iOS Phones
2. Ashes Cricket
Ashes cricket was developed by Big Ant Studios and was launched in November 2017. Ashes cricket was the official game for the 2017/18 Ashes series. The game is the simulation of the oldest and one of the fiercest rivalries of cricket between Australia and England.
Fans can either select England or Australia or play as an individual star player. The game also has the feature of creating players and publishing them on the "cricket academy" or using them in series or personal careers.
Ashes Cricket can be played on PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Microsoft Windows, Steam.
3. Don Bradman Cricket 17
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Another project of the Big Ant Studios, Don Bradman cricket 17, was released in December 2016. This game includes 3 modes-Single, Multiplayer, and Cooperative, and an extensive career mode. The game is considered one of the best cricket games available in the market right now.
In the extensive career mode, fans start as local layers and then play domestic and international games. It also includes a Be a Pro mode.
Don Bradman Cricket 17 is available on PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Microsoft Windows, Steam.
READ: Best Racing Games for Android and iOS Mobile Users
4. Ashes 09
Ashes 09 is one of the first cricket games to be developed. Ashes 09 was developed by Transmission Games and published by Codemasters in the UK and by Namco Bandai in Australia and was released in August 2009.
Ashes 09 has commentary by legendary commentators and ex-players like Tony Greig, Jonathan Agnew, Shane Warne, Ian Bishop, and Sir Ian Botham. Players can enjoy the nostalgia of older Ashes rivalry by playing Ashes 09.
Ashes 09 is available on Xbox.
5. Big Bash Boom
Big Bash Boom features the second most famous T20 league of the world, Australia's Big Bash League. Big Bash Boom was developed by Big Ant Studios and released in December 2018.
Big Bash Boom features the 2018/19 season of Men's and Women's Big Bash League and has fully licensed players, teams and squads. Big Bash Boom has three modes- Casual, Tournament and online mode. This was the first cricket game to be released for Nintendo Switch.
READ: Every FIFA Game From Best to Worst Ever Ranking
The popular cricket game, Big Bash Boom can be played on PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Microsoft Windows, Steam, Nintendo Switch.
10 Best Cricket Games for PS4 and Xbox 2023
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How to Buy Indian Cricket Team Jersey Online ODI and T20
India vs New Zealand 2023 Schedule: IND v NZ Time Table,…
How to Watch IPL 2023 on Willow TV Cricket Online
|
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Ariel Motor Co announce the Atom 3.5 with 315bhp supercharged engine
By Steve Davies•October 10, 2012•In Automotive•3 Minutes
Ariel has announced the latest generation of its exoskeletal sports car, representing a natural evolution on from the current Atom 3. The new Atom 3.5 incorporates several design, detail and power upgrades that Ariel hope will retain its title as one of the fastest and most fun lightweight sports cars that money can buy.
The first thing you'll notice about the Atom 3.5 is the new lighting system, now featuring twin projector headlights, with LED turn signals at the front and LED turn and stop/tail lights at the rear.
Ariel reasoned that with more owners using their cars on the road, it was time to upgrade the Ariel's lights to make it just as useable at night as it is in daylight. Other visual changes include a new front bonnet.
A restyled front bonnet, twin projector headlights and LED turn signals are some of the exterior changes.
The Atom's chassis has also been upgraded, based on the V8 and Mugen Limited Edition models – with increases in stiffness and torsional rigidity. Revised engine mountings and new dampers work with these modifications to provide a compliant ride on the road, at the same time as improving the Atom's balance and traction out on the track.
Honda's 245bhp 2.0-litre iVTEC K20Z4 engine is retained in the Atom 3.5, but power is now increased for the supercharged version to 315bhp due to changes in the power plant's intake, mapping and fuel system.
Instrumentation now features an all-new digital LCD display, containing the usual speed, RPM, gear indicator and shift light functions. With this new display system, a data logger can now be added to provide real time information to the driver including lap times, G force, position sensors and various other downloadable information.
But part of the joy of owning an Ariel Atom is the way it can be customised for each owner, and the new Atom 3.5 offers even more ways to personalise the car to each individual's needs.
The new Atom 3.5 can be ordered with either a 245bhp naturally-aspirated 2.0-litre engine or 315bhp supercharged version.
Simon Saunders, Founder and Managing Director, said "We have become the Saville Row of the automotive world. Not only is the Atom one of the fastest (point to point) cars in the world, but also one of the most unique. There are things we can do in low volume that larger manufacturers simply cannot, so every car is individual to each customer and to exactly what they want."
The new Atom 3.5 is available to order now, either directly from Ariel Motor Co or from one of its appointed dealers in Europe, USA, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand.
Ariel Atom Atom 3.5 honda supercharged
Steve Davies
Steve is an investor, private equity advisor and former Partner at KPMG, PwC and Bain. Most importantly he's a life-long car enthusiast, mountain biker and active sports enthusiast. He designs and builds technology platforms and is the architect behind Transmission.
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|
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It started a couple years ago – we had been working on a sound installation for the Eastside Gallery in Birmingham. The installation was based on ambient recordings made in and around the empty gallery, also from synthesised tones played out and recorded in the same space. We then constructed a multi-layered piece to be played from un-synchronised CD players, with new layers added over a period of 9 weeks.
Sometime after it was all up and running, we sent a "composite" of the work to our friend Simon Scott as he was really curious to hear it… Simon came back to us straight away with a vision to remix and release this on vinyl for his Keshhhhhh label, along with guest remixes from Taylor Deupree and Ralph Steinbrüchel (and more to come with the future digital release).
It's been a labour of love – beautifully mastered by Lawrence English, hand-stamped labels by Carl Harris, all lovingly assembled by Simon… we're thrilled that it's now ready for release and already has Album of the Week from Boomkat.
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How To: Play "I'll Be Home for Christmas" on the ukulele
Want to play the "I'll Be Home for Christmas" Christmas song on your ukulele? Learn how with this free video ukulele lesson from Ukulele Mike, which presents a complete breakdown of the song and its chords. Whether you play the ukulele or bass kazoo, there is no better way to improve your chops than by learning to play your favorite songs. Not only is it more fun and much easier than running drills or memorizing a chord book by wrote, it's obviously also a wonderful way to build your repertory of songs. For more information, and to get started playing this classic holiday song on your own uke, watch this video tutorial.
How To: Play "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas" on the ukulele
How To: Play "White Christmas" by Irving Berlin on the ukulele
How To: Play "Home for the Holidays" on the ukulele
How To: Play the "Silent Night" Christmas carol on the ukulele
How To: Play the "Mele Kalikamaka" Christmas song on ukulele
How To: Play the "Sleigh Ride" Christmas carol on the ukulele
How To: Play "Have a Holly Jolly Christmas" on the ukulele
How To: Play "Do You Hear What I Hear" on the ukulele
How To: Play "Little Saint Nick" by the Beach Boys on ukulele
How To: Play the "Let It Snow" Christmas carol on ukulele
How To: Play "Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire" on ukulele
How To: Play "Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer" on the ukulele
How To: Play "(It Must Have Been Ol') Santa Claus" on the ukulele
How To: Play "Santa Claus Is Coming to Town" on the ukulele
How To: Play "Home on the Range" on the ukulele
How To: Play "My Old Kentucky Home" on the ukulele
How To: Play "Take Me Home, Country Roads" on ukulele
How To: Amplify a ukulele
How To: Play a B flat chord on the ukulele
Nathan Steele 9 years ago
Thank you Ukulele Mike! Your chording was a life saver, what with the Apple iPad commercial and my reputation to be able to play any song I hear. I think I still have them fooled!
Dee Holm 8 years ago
Thanks so much to Ukulele Mike and this great website which I just found! There is amazing support for the ukulele community on the Internet and so much of it is done out of love for the instrument. I've been playing for three years and LOVE it! I have also met some of the nicest, funnest folks in the world.
|
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Game of Thrones star Peter Dinklage is calling for Disney with a "backward" remake of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.Ent & Arts News
Covid: "Increasing cases of Omicron subvariants in many countries" warns WHO
Coventry City vs Stoke City Live: Championship Team News and Latest Buildups
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Congressman Dem may have broken the law by offering federal work to rivals
Sarah Jane Dunn completely transforms the living room of Chesher's mansion
Yorkshire can learn next week if international hosting rights will be restored
Sugley's report on Downing Street and Whitehall's blockade party may be released tomorrow | Political News
Star Hobson Murder: Bradford Council strips children and social care services | UK | News
Home/Business/Mark Carney on Canada's Economic Growth: "Multiple Budgets Needed"
Mark Carney on Canada's Economic Growth: "Multiple Budgets Needed"
bellacangelosiApril 28, 2021
"There was an element of balance growth that I could see and understand," Kearney said in a long response that didn't answer the question directly. "It takes some budget to develop the type of growth strategy that meets the needs of what we are experiencing and the opportunities that come."
Politics and Experts: Kearney's remarks on the budget follow his political splash earlier this month. Declaring allegiance to the Liberal Party of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau..
Critics say Freeland's budget recovery plan lacks a blueprint to truly boost economic growth, even if taxpayers cost a record $ 101 billion over three years. I am disagreeing.
The budget included a major commitment to investing in the green economy, digitalization and childcare. A successful childcare plan will permanently boost GDP by 1.2% by increasing women's participation in the workforce and creating jobs in this sector, Freeland said.
In his response on Wednesday's podcast, Kearney told interviewer David Harle that "there are big changes and the event accelerates big changes."
"Covid has fully accelerated both the digital and sustainable revolutions, and it's no exaggeration to say that they are revolutions," Kearney said. "We need to address the challenges at that level, and I think the budget has done some things in that direction. It's welcome, but it requires multiple budgets, and the government doesn't. I don't think I'll pretend — this is "work done". "
Concerns: Budget watchers have expressed doubts about the overall plan.
Former budget director of Freeland's predecessor Bill Morneau, Robert Asselijn I wrote an item on The Hub last week With the title, "The federal budget has no answer to the problem of growth."
"It's hard to find a coherent growth plan," wrote Asselijn, senior vice president of policy for the Canadian Business Council, with a budget of 739 pages. He trusted the proposed investments in plans for childcare, skills, biobiological sciences and clean technology.
In particular, he shows that the budget itself is on track for real GDP growth to decline to about 2% beyond the budget's forecast period, a return to long-term growth. Stated.
"Double federal debt in just six years, spending nearly $ 1 trillion, and then staying on top of long-term growth would be the worst legacy of this budget," he writes. ..
Focus on growth: Later in the interview, Kearney described Freeland's plans as a "hybrid budget."
"It had to conquer Covid, it was doing something important on the social side, and it had a beginning of growth," Kearney said. "What we see in some other jurisdictions is that the focus is on straighter growth."
He said a tighter focus on growth meant that more spending would come in the form of direct government investment. Kearney said it is likely to include tax reforms and other measures to promote private investment and future employment and income growth.
Source link Mark Carney on Canada's Economic Growth: "Multiple Budgets Needed"
Delays in resolving the state pension crisis are unacceptable, says ROSALTMANN
Stock releases hit new highs in 2021 as people over the age of 55 fought the crisis of living costs
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ryanoceros commented on the post, Where could F1 race if it replaces the cancelled Chinese Grand Prix?
The most surprising thing about the cancellation of the Chinese Grand Prix is that it was ever on 2023 Formula 1 calendar to begin with.
Before next year's record-breaking 24-race schedule was announced, F1 CEO Stefano Domenicali indicated a decision on the return of China's race would not take place until after October, when the ruling Communist Party's National Congress would take place.
At the time many outside China wondered whether the party's president and China's leader Xi Jinping would use the occasion to announce an easing of the country's strict 'zero Covid' polices, under which it continues to impose lockdowns in response to outbreaks. He did not, and the country is now struggling to keep a lid on protests against the severe measures which have lasted for three years.
The cancellation of F1's 2023 race in Shanghai was therefore widely expected. China's only F1 driver, Zhou Guanyu, told RaceFans last month he had doubts the race would go ahead once he learned it had been given an April date. Shunting it later in the season would have widened the window to make it happen, but that end of the calendar is so congested there's little room for manoeuvre.
Istanbul returned to the F1 calendar in 2020 Others plainly drew the same conclusion and F1 has already begun assessing alternative venues which could take China's place. But finding a viable option for the April 16th date may be tricky.
Portugal's Autodromo do Algarve was one of the first tracks to be named as a potential venue. It was one of a clutch of venues which was pressed into service at short notice when the pandemic struck in 2020. F1 returned to the track outside Portimao for a race on May 2nd last year in soggy, cool conditions. A mid-April return could be viable.
The same could also apply to the Paul Ricard circuit which was dropped from the calendar after this year's race. F1 has visited the circuit in the south of France this early in the season before: Its 1983 race was held on April 17th.
Another track which was added to the calendar due to Covid may be an option. Like Algarve, Istanbul Park in Turkey was resurfaced for F1's return in 2020 and hosted the series again in 2021. But it's never held a grand prix earlier than May, and average temperatures in the area are a little cooler than the French and Portuguese tracks, which may prove off-putting.
Paul Ricard has held an April race before The other two venues also have the advantage of being closer to teams' bases and therefore are easier to travel to. The viability of other venues will depend on how eager F1 is to restore its 24th round – 23 races will still be a record-breaking schedule – and whether it would prefer to make the saving on travel instead.
One neater solution might be to add a race as a return stop after the Australian Grand Prix on April 2nd. But a suitable venue would need to be found. Malaysia's Sepang International Circuit seems a viable option, but the venue has cooled on F1 since holding its last race in 2017.
South Africa was a candidate for a race on the 2023 calendar and the continent remains a target for F1. But even if the other obstacles to returning to a track which held its last race three decades ago were removed, Kyalami would be a more challenging venue to incorporate within the calendar than nearer options.
Each possibility involves some compromises. But there remains the possibility F1 won't choose any of them. If it embarks upon next season without a replacement the series will have a four-week gap between the championship's rounds in Australia and Azerbaijan: a 'spring break' to go along with the summer and winter hiatus. Given the packed schedule which follows it, many teams might welcome that.
Formula 1 cancels Chinese Grand Prix for fourth year due to Covid
Palou gets McLaren F1 reserve driver role for 2023
Sargeant to race in F1 using number two as Ricciardo's three is unavailable
Alonso's first Aston Martin test "very impressive" – Krack
Source: https://www.racefans.net/2022/12/02/where-could-f1-race-if-it-replaces-the-cancelled-chinese-grand-prix/#comment-4883651
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You can call it the "small world" phenomena, or the theory that everything is connected. But David Mitchell's Cloud Atlas portrays a sometimes tight and sometimes loose connection of six pieces of time and the characters in them. Each of the separate stories is individual and very well written, with characters that bring out emotions in the reader one way or the other…yet each story is pulled together.
The book is written as a wrapper, with half of the first five stories started as incomplete, then the complete sixth, followed by the last halves of the five in reverse order, revealing or completing the revelation of how they are interconnected.
The author captures the "voice" of each of the characters, their situations and time periods admirably. From the obviously 17-1800's based Adam Ewing on a sea voyage to Robert the moocher who finally finds inspiration, and inspires others in the story, to the futuristic times where life has gone backwards into kind of a stone age…very little description of the environment, but you can see it in the dialog and actions of the characters.
Even though some of the stories are smoother to read than others, and more impactful, the thread(s) keeps them together.
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Newswire>
AFL-CIO>
A project of Common Dreams
January, 12 2016, 02:15pm EDT
Charles Idelson, 510-273-2246 or Bill Gallagher, 818-355-8691
Nurses' Bring #BernieBus and Message of Sanders Campaign to AFL-CIO Raising Wages Summit in Las Vegas
National Nurses United today brought the message of their support for Sen. Bernie Sanders, along with the #BernieBus now traveling around Las Vegas, to the AFL-CIO Raising Wages Summit in Las Vegas.
"At a time of stagnant wages for far too many, ongoing race and gender wage disparity, record income inequality, and an escalating attack on unions as a voice for working people symbolized by the anti-worker Friedrichs case, it is Bernie Sanders who has the most comprehensive program for lifting wages and income for all working people," said NNU Executive Director RoseAnn DeMoro, an AFL-CIO Vice President.
One example, DeMoro noted, is on healthcare. At its Executive Council meeting last July in Washington, the AFL-CIO reaffirmed its endorsement of expanding Medicare to cover all Americans (single payer healthcare) as a critical part of the Raising Wages campaign.
"With crushing medical debt imposing a harsh burden on 20 percent of even those with health insurance, and 63 percent of all people with medical debt using up all or most of their savings to pay medical bills, working people know there is a direct link between health care, wages, and income," said DeMoro.
"It is Bernie Sanders who has made expanding health care to everyone through Medicare for all, which is also the best way to solve the crisis of medical debt, a center piece of his campaign. All while Hillary Clinton has abandoned the goal of healthcare for all," DeMoro said.
"Bernie is the also the most viable candidate who is not only fighting for raising the minimum wage to $15 an hour, but has sponsored legislation to do so.
"Bernie was the first major candidate to oppose the Trans-Pacific Partnership, the latest trade deal which will harm U.S. workers.
"And it is Bernie Sanders who has advanced a concrete plan to create 13 million new, good paying jobs through a $1 trillion investment in rebuilding the nation's crumbling infrastructure, roads, dams, schools, water systems, and more," DeMoro noted.
"That's why working people, especially rank and file union members across the U.S., are campaigning for Bernie Sanders, and why he is rapidly rising in the polls," DeMoro said.
After Nevada, the #BernieBus will head east, with stops in Denver and Kansas City on route to Iowa for the February 1 Iowa caucuses before returning to Nevada for the February 20 caucuses.
National Nurses United, with close to 185,000 members in every state, is the largest union and professional association of registered nurses in US history.
www.nationalnursesunited.org
New Brett Kavanaugh Documentary Sparks Call for DOJ Probe
"I do hope this triggers outrage. I do hope that this triggers action, I do hope that this triggers additional investigation with real subpoena powers," producer Amy Herdy said.
The surprise premiere of a documentary revealing "shocking new allegations" of sexual crimes committed decades ago by U.S. Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh sparked new calls on Monday for Senate and Justice Department investigations.
Doug Liman's Justice premiered Friday as a last-minute addition to the lineup of the Sundance Film Festival in Park City, Utah. According to Free Speech for People, the film "includes important new details about specific allegations of sexual misconduct by Kavanaugh" and "also reveals disturbing new evidence of misconduct by Kavanaugh and his associates" surrounding the right-wing justice's 2018 Senate confirmation hearings.
This includes "evidence that Kavanaugh may have knowingly perjured himself" and that the justice's associates engaged in what his friend referred to as "a cover-up."
Kavanaugh—the second of three right-wing justices appointed to the nation's highest court by then-President Donald Trump—was accused of sexually assaulting Christine Blasey Ford, who is now a Stanford professor, when they were in high school. Kavanaugh also allegedly exposed himself without consent to Deborah Ramirez, a Yale classmate, during a college party. He has denied both allegations.
Justice producer Amy Herdy said during a post-premiere Q&A in Park City: "I do hope this triggers outrage. I do hope that this triggers action, I do hope that this triggers additional investigation with real subpoena powers."
To that end, Free Speech for People wrote to U.S. Attorney General Merrick Garland as well as to Senate Judiciary Committee Chair Dick Durbin (D-Ill.) and Ranking Member Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa) seeking a probe of Kavanaugh based on details in the film.
"Some of these details were sent to the FBI during its brief, compressed investigation into similar allegations during Kavanaugh's 2018 confirmation hearings, although the FBI did not follow up or interview the relevant witnesses," the group said Monday in a letter to the senators.
\u201c\ud83d\udea8BREAKING:\nWe're calling for immediate and thorough investigations into new details about specific allegations of sexual misconduct by U.S. Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh.\n\nLearn more below. #InvestigateKavanaugh\nhttps://t.co/wNYucNq0qU\u201d
— FreeSpeechForPeople (@FreeSpeechForPeople) 1674511547
The letter states:
Most disturbing, however, is new evidence of conduct by Kavanaugh and his associates (perhaps even before his accusers came forward) concerning the 2018 Senate hearing itself. For example, the film shows a 2018 text message discussion amongst mutual acquaintances of Kavanaugh and Deborah Ramirez, regarding Ramirez's soon-to-be-public allegations that Kavanaugh had exposed himself to her. According to the text messages shown in the documentary, Kavanaugh asked a mutual friend to go on the record to defend him. Another friend referred to it as "a cover-up." This indicates consciousness of guilt—and therefore evidence that he may have knowingly perjured himself in the confirmation hearings—and a potential conspiracy to obstruct and defraud the Senate by coordinating a false information campaign.
The Washington Postreports that "the FBI's national press office did not have a comment on the documentary but reiterated that their services in a nomination process are limited to fact-finding and background investigations."
\u201cWithin half an hour of the news getting out that Doug Liman\u2019s documentary "Justice" was added to Sundance, new tips came pouring in. \n\n\ud83d\udcfd\ufe0fFootage will be added. \n\nTakeaways from Sundance\u2019s secret Brett Kavanaugh documentary.\n\nNow do Clarence. #DemVoice1 \n\nhttps://t.co/yNTPT1chqe\u201d
— Joan Hussey w/free blue check\ud83e\uded0 (@Joan Hussey w/free blue check\ud83e\uded0) 1674403368
"The scope of the background investigation is requested by the White House," an FBI spokesperson told the Post in a statement. "The FBI does not have the independent authority to expand the scope of a supplemental background investigation outside the requesting agency's parameters."
Speaking about the women who stepped forward to share their stories in the film, director Liman toldThe Guardian: "This was the kind of movie where people are terrified. The people that chose to participate in the movie are heroes."
The National Sexual Assault Hotline can be reached 1-800-656-HOPE (4673), or through chat at rainn.org. It offers 24/7, free, and confidential support.
'Sounds Like a Plan': Biden Given Roadmap for 100% Clean Energy by 2035
"This new report not only shows that President Biden's climate goals for the power sector are achievable—but it is among the first to lay out how we can actually get there," said one advocate.
A pair of green groups on Monday released a report detailing how U.S. President Joe Biden can work toward his goal of 100% clean electricity nationwide by 2035.
The roadmap from Evergreen Action and the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) comes after Biden last year signed into law the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) following a bitter battle in Congress. While elements of the legislation alarmed climate campaigners, they welcomed that it contained about $370 billion in climate and energy investments.
"This new report not only shows that President Biden's climate goals for the power sector are achievable—but it is among the first to lay out how we can actually get there," said NRDC president and CEO Manish Bapna in a statement.
"There is no time for half-measures or delay."
"We don't need magic bullets or new technologies," Bapna stressed. "We already have the tools—and now we have a roadmap. If the Biden administration, Congress, and state leaders follow it, we will build the better future we all deserve. There is no time for half-measures or delay."
While the Inflation Reduction Act is a positive step, new modeling in the report shows that "the U.S. must take further action to meet its clean energy goals this decade," the publication states. "The IRA's investments are projected to increase carbon-free electricity in the U.S. from approximately 40% in 2022 to 66% clean power by 2030. This falls short of the 80% target that's consistent with the path to 100% clean electricity by 2035."
The legislation "is also estimated to help cut economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) pollution to 40% below 2005 levels by 2030—an important step, but short of America's 50-52% commitment under the Paris agreement," the report adds.
To deliver on Biden's climate pledges, the report urges U.S. policymakers to:
Set ambitious carbon pollution standards for new and existing power plants under the Clean Air Act, through the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and set EPA pollution standards that reduce traditional air and water pollutants and improve public health;
Expand transmission capacity, speed up interconnections, and create market parity for clean energy at the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC);
Implement the Inflation Reduction Act effectively, with timely federal guidance on the IRA's tax credits and grant programs and the distribution of funds in a way that maximizes carbon reductions and equitable economic opportunity; and
Advance climate action at the state level, including through accelerated 100% clean electricity and pollution standards that align with 80% clean power by 2030 and heightened oversight of polluting utilities.
"The IRA was a pivotal moment for climate action in the United States, but it is not mission accomplished for the Biden climate agenda," said Evergreen Action power sector policy lead Charles Harper. "President Biden committed to the most ambitious set of climate goals in American history—including getting us to 100% clean power by 2035 and slashing 2005 climate pollution levels in half by 2030."
"Important progress has been made, but President Biden must take bold action this year in order to deliver on those commitments," Harper continued. "By ramping up its work to transition the U.S. economy toward 100% clean energy, the Biden administration and state leaders can reduce toxic pollution, cut energy costs, create good jobs, and advance environmental justice. Let's get to work."
\u201cSounds like a plan!\nhttps://t.co/xntJf0KeDt\u201d
— Sunrise Movement \ud83c\udf05 (@Sunrise Movement \ud83c\udf05) 1674504864
Although further progress could be hampered by Republicans controlling the U.S. House of Representatives, advocates are emphasizing the importance of the president and other supporters of climate action not wasting the remainder of his first term.
Evergreen co-founder and senior adviser Sam Ricketts, who co-authored the report, toldThe Washington Post that "it's really incumbent upon the administration to use these next two years to make important progress on cleaning up the power sector."
Ricketts plans to join Bapna, Sen. Tina Smith (D-Minn.), the NRDC's Lissa Lynch, and University of California, Santa Barbara professor Leah Stokes for a Tuesday afternoon presentation of the new report.
160 Lawyers Push Biden to Take Cuba Off State Sponsors of Terrorism List
"Policy—and electoral—concerns appear to have always kept Cuba on the SSOT list, rather than actually meeting the legal requirements to be on there," the attorneys argue.
A group of 160 mostly American lawyers on Friday urged President Joe Biden to remove Cuba from the U.S. State Sponsors of Terrorism list, a designation acknowledged as meritless and politically motivated by critics and proponents of the policy alike.
Noting that numerous former Latin American and Caribbean heads of state, as well as "hundreds of civil society organizations and thousands of citizens" have asked the Biden administration to lift Cuba's State Sponsors of Terrorism (SSOT) status, the attorneys called on the president "to immediately initiate a review and notification process to remove Cuba from the SSOT list."
"There is no legal or moral justification for Cuba to remain on the State Sponsors of Terrorism list," the attorneys argued in an Alliance for Cuba Engagement and Respect (ACERE) letter. "Given the tremendous economic, social, humanitarian, and commercial effect placement on the SSOT list has had for the Cuba people, maintaining it for such pretextual reasons continues to be a stain on U.S. foreign policy."
\u201cThere is no legal or moral justification to list Cuba as a state sponsor of terror. This important letter signed by 160 lawyers makes that clear. We\u2019re proud to have helped gather signatures! #LetCubaLive\u201d
— CODEPINK (@CODEPINK) 1674503676
In 2015, then-President Barack Obama removed Cuba from the SSOT during a promising but ultimately short-lived rapprochement between the two countries that abruptly ended when former President Donald Trump took office in 2017. The lawyers' letter is a point-by-point refutation of the criteria cited by then-U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo when the outgoing Trump administration re-listed Cuba as an SSOT in January 2021.
These include Cuba's refusal to extradite members of the National Liberation Army, a leftist rebel group from Colombia, who traveled to Havana for peace negotiations with the Colombian government. Such an extradition, the lawyers noted, would have violated Cuba's obligation to ensure the safety and well-being of all participants in the peace talks.
Pompeo also cited the fact that Cuba harbors U.S. fugitives wanted for acts of political violence committed nearly half a century ago, even though no other country has been placed on the SSOT list for such a reason. Aside from ignoring all the Cuban exile terrorists who enjoy not only citizenship but sometimes even heroic status in the United States, the lawyers note that "international law clearly prohibits extradition for acts of political violence."
As the letter states:
To the extent that the 1904 extradition treaty between Cuba and the United States remains in effect and continues to be honored by both parties, it contains a standard political offense exemption. This exception is premised upon a concept familiar to the United States, which is that "individuals have a right to resort to political activism to foster political change." Indeed, this is precisely the sort of "activism" that the United States designates millions of dollars to each year for regime change in Cuba.
"Policy—and electoral—concerns appear to have always kept Cuba on the SSOT list, rather than actually meeting the legal requirements to be on there," the lawyers' letter contends, citing a former Clinton administration Cuba expert who admitted that "frankly, I don't know anyone inside or outside of government who believes in private that Cuba belongs on the terrorist list."
"People who defend it know it is a political calculation," the expert added. "It keeps a certain part of the voting public in Florida happy, and it doesn't cost anything."
Much of that "certain part of the voting public in Florida" consists of Cuban-Americans, who—especially among the older generations—vehemently support isolating Cuba as long as it remains socialist.
"Frankly, I don't know anyone inside or outside of government who believes in private that Cuba belongs on the terrorist list."
Earlier this month, Rep. María Elvira Salazar (R-Fla.)—the daughter of Cuban exiles who believes that even the sort of democratic socialism found in many of the world's freest and most developed nations brings "misery, oppression, and exile"—introduced the FORCE Act. The proposed legislation would bar Biden from removing Cuba from the SSOT list "until the regime grants basic human rights protections."
Cuba was first placed on the SSOT list by the Reagan administration in 1982. By that time, the island nation and its socialist government had endured a decadeslong campaign of U.S.-backed exile terrorism, attempted subversion, failed assassination attempts, economic warfare, and covert operations large and small in a fruitless policy of toppling longtime leader Fidel Castro. Cuba says U.S.-backed terrorism has killed or wounded more than 5,000 Cubans and cost its economy billions of dollars.
There is no comparable—or any—history of Cuban terrorism against the United States.
In stark contrast, the Reagan administration removed Iraq, then ruled by the dictator Saddam Hussein, from the SSOT list just days before Cuba was added. This was so that the U.S. could supply Hussein's forces with weaponry used to kill both Iranians and Iraq's own restive Kurdish and Shi'a people. Top officials in the Reagan and George W. Bush administrations knew that Iraqi forces were using chemical weapons—some of whose components came from the United States and its allies—against both Iranians and against Iraqi Kurds in the genocidal Anfal campaign, but gave Hussein diplomatic cover until he ordered an invasion of Kuwait in August 1990.
\u201cThe resolution by the Berkeley City Council (CA) marks 1 of the 65 different docs passed across the US, demanding the withdrawal of #Cuba from the SSOT list & the lifting of the blockade.\n\nWe thank the ppl of the US, which each day expresses its solidarity through these efforts.\u201d
— Lianys Torres Rivera (@Lianys Torres Rivera) 1672758072
More than 100 progressive groups and over 10,000 people have signed petitions and open letters urging Biden to lift Cuba's SSOT designation.
Last October, leftist Colombia President Gustavo Petro asked U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken to end the "injustice" of Cuba being listed as a sponsor of terrorism.
FTC Urged to Crack Down on Egg Industry's 'Organized Theft'
Advocates Say 'Hell No' as Manchin Pitches Social Security Deal With GOP
Iowa Republicans Push 'Profoundly Cruel and Petty' Food Benefit Restrictions
'Cancel This Failed Experiment': Physicians Tell Biden HHS to End Medicare Privatization Pilot
Manchin-Romney Attack on Social Security Is 'Last Thing We Need': Sanders
'Democracy for All': House Dems Introduce Bill to Overturn Citizens United
'He Didn't Deserve to Die, But...' Writes Pompeo of Dismembered Journalist
Musk Stock Sale Ahead of Bad Tesla News 'Should Be of Great Interest to the SEC'
Independent Probe Demanded After Police Kill Forest Defender "Tortuguita" in Georgia
Why Oligarchs Don't Just Want to Be Rich, But Kill Democracy Too
We are independent, non-profit, advertising-free and 100%
reader supported.
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| Politics
How Academy of Art University gets away with murder in San Francisco
By Ron Russell | 8:54 AM
Sometimes a picture is indeed worth a thousand words. That's Academy of Art University president Elisa Stephens flanked by Chronicle columnist Willie Brown and Mayor Ed Lee in a photo that appears in a Chronicle piece about the university's years-long habit of flaunting San Francisco land use laws. The latest news hook: City Attorney Dennis Herrera's "confidential" letter to planning director John Rahaim, obtained by the Chronicle's John Cote. (Think Claude Rains' famous line from Casablanca: "I'm shocked, shocked to find that gambling is going on in here.") As the city's largest property owner, the school has made an art of acquiring and illegally converting buildings for classrooms and housing for years, its critics insist.
Herrera accuses Academy of Art of "obfuscation and delay" in abiding by the law, and tells Rahaim: "I find it inexcusable that despite the (academy's) repeated disregard of you, your department, and the laws you are charged to enforce, you would allow the (academy) to continue to violate the law without consequence."
Maybe the city attorney needs to look again at the top photo?
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India's opposition to the Decision Review System (DRS) has been well documented. They are the only country to not use the controversial system that was put in place to help umpires and rid the game of any glaring errors.
However, MS Dhoni, the Indian ODI captain, said the current system is based more as a means to justify umpires' calls rather than make the right decision. Dhoni also said that he 'may' agree with the notion that umpires are punishing his side for not using the DRS and that they give a decision against his side when there are 50-50 calls.
The topic popped up again after India missed out on dismissing George Bailey for a first-ball duck despite the right-hander gloving the ball down the leg-side. Barinder Sran had got the right-hander to feather behind to Dhoni, but the appeal was turned down by the umpire. Bailey went on to forge a match-winning 200-run partnership with Steve Smith, his skipper, as Australia beat India by five wickets. Bailey ended up scoring 112 in his side's successful chase of the visitors' 309 for 3.
Dhoni was asked by an Australian journalist if his 'position regarding the DRS had changed given that George Bailey, had DRS been used, would've been dismissed first ball'? Dhoni shot back, asking "Are you indirectly saying that we don't get decisions in our favour because we don't use DRS?"
"It could have (changed the outcome of the game)," Dhoni added. "But at the same time, we need to push the umpires to take the right decision. You have to see how many 50-50 decisions don't go in our favour. And it always happens that you have to take it but I am still not convinced about DRS," he said.
Dhoni said he did feel that there was some glove involved, but he wasn't a 100% sure Bailey was out. "From behind, unless it's very clear, it is always difficult to tell. It sounded like glove, but if you ask me if I was 100% sure, I won't say I was. It happens, you appeal sometimes, it goes in your favour, and sometimes it doesn't."
While he was ready to admit that calls sometimes go your way, and sometimes the opponents, Dhoni opined that if a system is put in place it should be absolute and not 'make the variables too big'.
"Ideally, what the DRS should be, it should be a decision-making system. If you see the deviation in the DRS, there's a bit of it. Even the makers agree that deviations can happen. And now, you have to take into account whether it was given out or not. And if it was not-out, then half the ball needs to hit the stump and all that. So that itself makes the variables too big. And in cricket every inch, every millimetre matters.
"DRS shouldn't be umpires decision justification system," he added. "In tennis, there is nothing which says 'the umpire has given it out, and half the ball needs to pitch inside the line, and if he has given it not-out, then the scenario is different'. The rules need to be plain and simple.
"You need to say this is what DRS is. It doesn't matter whether you are given out or not out, if half the ball hits the stumps then, irrespective of the decision, you are out. For example, you take DRS and in an LBW decision, what changes everything is whether the LBW was given or not. It can mean a margin of one inch overall and in cricket that's very big," he explained.
The Indian captain was also asked if he felt his side was being punished by the umpires because of their opposition to DRS. Although the Indian captain refused to take a side, he did drop a hint about his opinion, saying "I may agree with you."
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is it my ram or something else , i have heard of people overclocking their proccesor , would that help ?
unless you're on vista, where 1gb of ram is not that much, it shouldn't affect your pcsx2 performance, but more ram wouldn't hurt either your gpu is most likely the bottleneck, so probably neither cpu overclocking nor speed hacks will help you that much. but try the latest beta revision of pcsx2 + plugins and the speed hacks anyway, ffx is one of the less demanding games to emulate. if the betas and speed hacks don't help, well, then you'll have to upgrade your hardware, i'd recommend a new graphics card, as your core2duo is ok for most of the games.
ok more updates , so i have narrowed it down to my cd/dvd plug in , it is not working , is there another plug in i can get for this beta version ?
ahhhhh i am going insane , ok so i moved one of the plugins from the older version to teh beta , cd/dvd gigaherz lpugin , and now the game does load ok , but once again , slow motion , 17 fps , it's bad .......i tried some speed hacks - no effect , any advice people?
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Learn to make great breakfast and eat it anytime of day. Pancakes and waffles from scratch, eggs of all kinds, biscuits and gravy, and breakfast sweets. Look like you have done it for years. We waste lots of eggs here until you get it right. Call 304-241-4901 or go to our website to register. Please do so at least 24 hours in advance.
|
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King Lear – A Review
17th February 2016 Georgia Crump
Walking into Blackwell's to see Creation Theatre's King Lear on Monday evening was a surreal experience. The books were all there, yet appeared unfamiliar under the blue stage lights, the customer service sign hidden by a lighting rig, and rows of seating posited between the shelves ("it's like being in a private box!" as one theatre-goer near me endearingly remarked). As the actors appeared on stage, we got the impression of being transported to an unspecified time-period: the actors dressed in rags hinted at celtic tribes, or perhaps a post-apocalyptic world.
The production premise was ambitious: just five actors for fourteen characters, but they largely pulled it off. Apart from Lear (Max Gold) all the actors played at least two characters, differentiated by voice and manner as well as costume flourishes like hats and scarves. This took a little bit of getting used to, particularly when one actor was performing a dialogue between two characters, however the cast were imaginative in their use of props and space, hanging jackets on the Godot-esque tree and holding scarves disembodied in the air to give an impression of a human presence. Natasha Rickman, who played both Gonerill and Regan was especially impressive playing both sisters at once by alternating the shawl she wore, effecting quick changes of manner and speech to match. Once the audience was used to the character swapping, helped by eerie music cues, the plot flowed smoothly, and I applaud the actors' dexterity and energy in sustaining such a performance.
Choosing to perform Lear in the round was particularly effective in the Norrington room, as the characters were raised up almost to eye level by a substantial stage that doubled up as a backstage area. This created several exciting levels to the production as the actors climbed down ladders to the maze-like floor space between the shelves and climbed up to walk along the bookshelves in a fantastically irreverent manner.
All the actors were clearly talented and capable, but for me Lucy Pearson as the fool and Morgan Philpott as Oswald stood out for bringing some essential humour to this otherwise very dark play. Gloucester (Michael Sheldon) and Max Gold together presented a powerful portrait of a father's relationship with his children, highlighting the parallels between the two old men that has sometimes been missed in other productions. Perhaps Gold could have taken more time over Lear's descent into madness, as he seemed to switch too quickly from authoritative to senile, although his tender scenes with Old Tom and Cordelia stripped figuratively of his title and literally of his clothes in the second half were masterful.
In this setting the books were given new significance, used on stage as props, thunder and lightning sound effects, and as the storm into which Lear is cast out. There were audible gasps from the audience when Edmund (Morgan Philpott) tore out pages of books, a powerful gesture in the bookshop backdrop, and the use of letters invited us to think about the dangers of miscommunication and the written word. Using Shakespeare's original text, but with props like a newspaper, an intercom and suspiciously eighties-looking glasses, the audience were invited to appreciate the timelessness of the tragedy. That said, I did find it a little incongruous to see an obviously modern sports section and the crossword brandished as evidence of Gloucester's death.
The infamous eyeball-plucking scene was appropriately gory, and the sight of Gloucester crawling across the stage with bloody bandages across his eye sockets and a voice-recorder strung around his neck, forever repeating his words of repentance was immensely moving. I was also impressed by the way the audience were drawn into the production, becoming complicit spectators in Lear's speech to his daughters at the beginning and then part of the battle at the end as gunfire rattled from the speakers surrounding the audience seating.
Overall, this was a fantastic production of a classic that I would thoroughly recommend for Shakespeare fans and first-timers alike. My only caveat would be that with so much character swapping and a minimal set, prior knowledge of the plot and characters is required, but if you're prepared for this, Creation Theatre's play is immensely rewarding, breathing passion and energy into Shakespeare's tragedy.
King Lear will play at Blackwell's until Saturday 19th of March
Image // Creation Theatre Company
Tagged BlackwellscreationculturedramakinglearShakespearestagetheatre
Turl Street Arts Festival: 'DECADES'
Coriolanus – A Review
You've been reading … Charles Finch's The Last Enchantments
9th May 2014 Hugh McHale-Maughan
FRESHERS' WEEK: Beat the Suitcase Squeeze
12th September 2013 12th September 2013 Lucinda Toole
Steven Moffat's Legacy: The CON Side
6th February 2016 Gabriel Naughton
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Startup Marketing
Inbound Marketing Checklist
The ABC's of Artificial Intelligence, Part Two
By Kristin. January 08, 2019.
Topics: Inbound Marketing Strategies
We tend to think of artificial intelligence (AI) in terms of tangible technologies, like robots or even Watson. But most AI-powered technology actually exists in a much more abstract form, in the form of algorithms. And that technology is incredibly important for marketers who wish to stay at the forefront of the industry.
Last month we looked at several key AI concepts for marketers, and here we dive into many more. These technologies have already changed the face of modern marketing and will undoubtedly drive its evolution in the coming years.
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the connection of everyday devices to the internet. It has already had momentous impact on the global supply chain because it allows machines and other devices to "talk" to each other. For marketers, IoT promises to provide much more context for customers' habits, needs, desires and product usage, along with purchase intent.
This year, the number of IoT devices surpassed 7 billion, according to IoT Analytics. This is a boon to marketers, who stand to gain incredible insight into their customers at every stage of the buyer's journey. But it also presents a significant challenge: all these connected devices already produce mountains and mountains of data, and as the number of devices grows, so will the quantity of data. Savvy marketers will enlist AI-powered technology to sift through everything and draw meaningful conclusions.
In the past, robots and computers could be used to automate tasks that fit within a specific set of rules. The device would be programmed to operate within the rules--nothing more, nothing less. But machine learning is exactly what it sounds like: machines can learn from the data they analyze, making predictions and forecasts using many more data points than humans could on their own. For example, while humans are able to analyze data from one source, say the website, machine learning means that you can glean insights from patterns in usage of the website, social media, email and social media, along with customers' responses to previous campaigns.
Machine learning has multiple promising applications for marketers. It's the ideal technology for sophisticated customer segmentation, allowing you to identify small groups of customers who share preferences and tend to have similar behavior patterns. Machine learning can also be used for predicting customer churn, which allows marketers to proactively reach high-risk customers and decrease the likelihood of their attrition.
Machines were once only able to understand code. But that has changed thanks to Natural Language Processing (NLP), which refers to a machine's ability to understand human language through machine learning and AI. NLP has evolved in recent years, and in some cases this technology can actually understand the emotion or connotation behind the human language. NLP is often paired with Natural Language Generation (NLG), where the machine processes the human language and then generates a human-language response. Voice-recognition systems like Amazon's Alexa and Apple's Siri work this way.
Many marketers already rely on some form of NLP for sentiment analysis. But it's also promising for personalization. Most organizations engage an audience that is geographically--and therefore linguistically--diverse. Those language differences may be subtle (such as regional variations in American English), more obvious (such as differences between American English and the Queen's English), or even involve different languages altogether. NLP can help you personalize communications based on these differences, to deliver messages that are more likely to engage each recipient.
Neural Network
A neural network is essentially designed to mimic the human brain. The network is comprised of a series of layers. Each layer includes many nodes, or individual processing units, which are connected to other nodes in that layer along with nodes in the layers above and below. The lowest layer of the network takes in data and relays it to the next one. While the purpose of a neural network is to simulate a brain, the network will not function exactly as a human mind would. They are best used for pattern recognition, forecasting and trend prediction; and even generalization.
Microsoft used BrainMaker, a neural network software system, to optimize its direct mailing campaigns. The software identified the most important variables in the success of direct mail campaigns, so that future campaigns could be optimized. According to a company spokesperson, using BrainMaker increased the response rate from about 4.9% to 8.2%, a considerable improvement. This use of neural networks for campaign optimization holds great promise for marketers.
A branch of advanced analytics, predictive analytics are used to make forecasts about future events using techniques like data mining, statistical modeling and machine learning. To maximize the benefits of predictive analytics, you must start with an extensive set of historical data. Rigorous data collection in marketing is relatively new--think how the role of analytics has changed in the last decade alone--so now predictive analytics has only recently emerged as a widely applicable technology in the last few years.
Amazon and other online retailers use predictive analytics extensively to model likely customer behavior. It can also be used for predictive lead scoring, so that the marketing and sales team can tailor campaigns and offerings to leads and customers who are most likely to convert. Meanwhile, applying predictive analytics to data about your existing high-value customers can help you develop strategies to reach more new customers just like them.
Be sure to check out The ABC's of Artificial Intelligence, Part One for more information. Have a question about how AI can jumpstart your inbound marketing? Contact us.
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Piano Festivities – Saturday
Israel Conservatory of Music,
25 Louis Marshall St, Tel Aviv
Three days of PIANO FESTIVITIES with Prize Winners of the
Arthur Rubinstein International Piano Master Competition
13 – 15 December, 2018
In memory of Jan Jacob Bistrizky
SATURDAY, 15 December, 20:00
DAVID FUNG, Piano
Best Performer of Chamber Music and Best Performer of Classical Concerto prizes,
at the 12th Arthur Rubinstein International Piano Master Competition, 2008
NABEEL HAYEK, Piano
GIL SHARON, Violin
ISRAEL CHAMBER ORCHESTRA, conductor – YARON GOTTFRIED
C.W. Gluck/G. Sgambati
Melody based on Orfeo & Euridice
I. Stravinsky/G. Agosti
Sonata No. 5 in G Major, K.283
Concerto for two pianos, K. 365
Concerto for violin and piano in D Minor
David Fung garnered international attention as a winner in two of the "top five" international piano competitions – the Arthur Rubinstein International Piano Master Competition in Tel Aviv and the Queen Elisabeth International Music Competition in Brussels.
Mr. Fung appears regularly with the world's premier orchestras including Cleveland, Israel Philharmonic, Israel Symphony, Los Angeles Chamber, National Orchestra of Belgium, National Taiwan Symphony and New Japan Philharmonic. In 2016, Mr. Fung performed his highly acclaimed debut with the Cleveland Orchestra at the Blossom Music Festival, as well as his New York recital debut presented by Lincoln Center's Great Performers. In 2017-18, he has solo recital debuts at the Brussels Piano Festival and the Kennedy Center, and performances with Orpheus, Albany Symphony, and Marin Symphony.
As a recitalist and chamber musician, Mr. Fung is a frequent guest artist at prestigious festivals worldwide. Festival highlights include the Aspen Music, Blossom Music, Edinburgh, Hong Kong Arts Festival, and Ravinia Festival.
Mr. Fung is a Steinway Artist. Learn more about the artist, at WWW.DAVIDFUNG.COM
17 years old Nabeel Hayek, started learning piano at age seven at the Polyphony Conservatory in Nazareth, Israel, with Mr. Ron Trachtman. In 2016 he started studying with Prof. Asaf Zohar in Tel Aviv. He participated in masterclasses with Murray Perahia, Tatiana Zelikman, Aquiles Delle Vigne, Victor Rosenbaum, Ilana Vered, Emmanuel Krasovsky, Daniel Hoexter, Michael Wladkowski and others.
Nabeel participated in Music Fest Perugia in Italy, Primavera Pianistica in Belgium and Tel Hai International Piano Masterclasses in Israel. He is a recipient of the Dalia Maroz scholarship, won two scholarships by America-Israel Cultural Foundation and three scholarships from Zfunot Tarbut organization.
Nabeel won 2nd prize at the Pnina Salzman Competition, 2013.
In 2017, he gained 1st prize at The Voice of Music – Young Artist Competition and performed Schumann's piano concerto with the Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Uri Segal. He was later invited to play a recital in Hong Kong and record for the Hong Kong radio. In addition, he received a prize for the best performance of an Israeli composition at the same competition and was invited to play at the Israeli Music Festival.
Gil Sharon was born in Bucharest, Romania and immigrated as a child to Israel. In 1971, after moving to The Netherlands, he won the first prize at the "International Emily Anderson Violin Competition" in London which marked the beginning of his international career.
In 1992 he founded the Amati Ensemble, a chamber music ensemble that performs at the highest possible level and in many different formations, from duo to full-scale chamber orchestra. The Amati Ensemble has released numerous CDs and recorded a series of television productions and since 1995 features in its own chamber music series in the city of Maastricht (The Netherlands).
Gil Sharon's reputation as a soloist leads him to perform with various orchestras and to give recitals in Europe, Israel, Canada and the United States. He is a frequent guest at international Music festivals including the Pablo Casals festival in Prades (France), Chamber Music Festival in Giverny (France), Festival of the Sound (Canada), Ottawa Chamber Music Festival, etc.
Gil Sharon also performs frequently as viola player, in recitals as well as in chamber music concerts and numerous festivals where he performed among others with the Tokyo Quartet, the Talich Quartet, Gryphon Trio, etc.
He gave master-classes at the Sibelius Academy in Helsinki, Fontainebleau (France) and in Santiago de Compostela (Spain) and is guest professor at the Maastricht Academy of Music.
In January 2018, Gil Sharon became a member of the Fine Arts Quartet playing the viola.
In 1997 Gil Sharon was honoured with the Dutch Royal Award "Knight of the Order of Orange Nassau" by HM Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands for his outstanding merits in the domain of chamber music.
THE ISRAEL CHAMBER ORCHESTRA
The ICO was founded in 1965 by Gary Bertini who served as its Artistic Director and conductor for 10 years. Since 2015/2016 Concert Season, Ariel Zuckermann serves as Music Director of the ICO.
The orchestra performs a varied repertoire ranging from baroque through current compositions in over 100 concerts per year to subscribers in both the central and the outskirts of Israel, including children and students concerts. Furthermore the ICO tours extensively in Europe, USA, Canada, South America and the Far East and takes part in prestigious international music festivals such as the Salzburg Festival, festivals in Istanbul, Helsinki, Athens, Pompeii, Sofia and Mitte Europa, Hong Kong and many more.
The Orchestra has recorded for Chandos, Naxos, Music Masters, The Israel Music Institute (IMI), Koch and Teldec.
Many well-known artists have performed with the Israel Chamber Orchestra: Mstislav Rostropovich, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Isaac Stern, Itzhak Perlman, Pinchas Zukerman, Yefim Bronfman, Miriam Fried, Joseph Kalichstein, Kryzstof Penderecki, Christoph Eschenbach, Yoel Levi, Jean Pierre Rampal, Paul Tortelier, Heinrich Schiff, Heinz Holliger, Sergiu Commissiona, Claude Frank, David Shallon, Tabea Zimmerman, and others.
The orchestra turns to broad audiences by assimilating various musical cultures and styles and collaborating with other art forms – musical theatre (Les Miserables with Habima Theater), Israeli pop music (Shlomo Gronich, Micha Shitrit, and David D'or), tribute concerts to rock bands such as The Beatles, Queen, Abba, Pink Floyd, and performing folk and world music which connects with the various communities in the Israeli population, performances such as tribute to the Lebanese singer Fairuz, Jazz music, Russian folk songs, Argentinian tango and more.
The orchestra is supported by the ministry of culture and sports as well as by the Tel-Aviv Municipality.
YARON GOTTFRIED, Conductor
Yaron Gottfried is a conductor, composer and pianist – a multidisciplinary musician who bridges classical, contemporary and jazz music. He held the position of Music Director and Principal Conductor of the Netanya-Kibbutz Orchestra during 2002-2013. He graduated the Rubin Academy of Music in Jerusalem, under Maestro Mendi Rodan.
In 2014 he was awarded the "Israeli Prime Minister's Award for Composers".
Gottfried is a frequent guest at the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra and he is regularly invited to conduct major orchestras worldwide such as: WDR Funkhausorchester, Maggio Musicale Orchestra, China Philharmonic Orchestra, Beijing Symphony, Tbilisi Symphony ,Thuringen Symphony, Kodaly Philharmonic Orchestra Debrecen, New Chamber Orchestra and Chorus of Potsdam, Portland Chamber Orchestra, Vancouver Symphony, Israel Symphony Rishon Le Zion, Jerusalem Symphony, Camerata Jerusalem, Raanana Symphonette, Beer-Sheva Sinfonietta among others.
His works are published by SIKORSKI Music Publishing. Gottfried is head of the Composition and Conducting Department at "Rimon School for Contemporary music and Jazz".
Tickets >>>
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What Do Llamas Eat For Treats Used By 100 Alpaca And Llama Owners
Probably, there are not many people out there who don't know about llamas. But a large chunk of people doesn't know about the nature, habits, or the diet of llamas.
Many often classify llamas as niche animals with high maintenance. Hence, this is the reason why llamas are not on the top of the list.
Llamas are primary consumers, that means it mostly relay on plants. Herding llamas are pretty much the same as conventional animals.
However, the myths regarding the nature and food habits of llamas are the barriers. This is why we took a step to clarify the myths.
Hopefully, this will clarify the confusion and can answer 'what do llamas eat?'
You are watching: What do llamas eat for treats
What do Llamas Eat for Food?3. Supplements 4. Salt What do Llamas Eat for Treats?Foods That are Toxic for Llamas?
What do Llamas Eat for Food?
This is a list of daily diet for llamas. Later in this section I will discus about other types of feed for them i.e.. what treat they can eat?, what they eat in wild? and most importantly what not to feed them.
People often mistake by providing sheep foods. Though both of them are Graminivore or herbivorous, things that seep eats are not exactly same.
Now, it's time to talk about the food habit of llamas in general. Of course, here we are referring to domesticated llamas, not their wild ancestors.
Domesticated llamas need to have a balanced diet to serve their purpose. That's why their diet can be classified. Hopefully, this will also answer the question 'what llamas like to eat?'
Here is the list of foods in domestic llamas daily diet.
1. Forage
See more: What Is 122 Feet Per Second In Mph In 122 Feet Per Second? What Is 122 Ftps In Mph
There's almost no doubt that forage is the staple food for llamas. They are herbivores and heavily depend on plants and grass.
Just like the sheep and goats, they will even eat flowing plants, shrubs, and veggies.
The quality of the forage is a severely limiting factor that determines how many llamas can be raised within an acre. Usually, the number roams between 3 to 5. Alfalfa, clover, etc. grasses are highly liked by llamas.
This grass provides proper nutrition. On the other hand, some plants (blackberries and dandelions) can provide sufficient nutrition.
2. Hay & Grain
See more: J'Hab I Live In The United States In French (And Why We Should Care)
It is no surprise that a species of animal that lives without meat will heavily be dependent on natural resources. Grains come in the first row of the natural blessings. Cereal grains are nothing but the seed of the plants.
Starch is a compound that can be digested easily. Plants store energy in form of starch.
That's why starch is considered a great source of quick energy. That's why, starch is needed for a living body, regardless of a human or an animal.
But consumption of excessive starch brings its downsides. Cereal grains can be readily fermented. Fermentation of starch can indeed provide glucose (the simplest form of crabs that a living mechanism can accept).
But starch also provides lactic acid. Undoubtedly, too much lactic acid accumulation can be lethal for the llama.
However, not all cereal grains provide the same amount of starch. And this is where the term "Energy Density" comes into play.
Some cereal grains have more starch accumulation than other counterparts. It's wise to feed a moderate amount of those cereals.
The starch content in cereal is measured by the NFC (non-fiber carbohydrate). Scientists have found that corn carries up to 75% of NFC, while oats give 48%. TDN (total digestible nutrient) is measured to signify how much energy a cereal provides. Hay provides TDN up to 40% to 60%.
Cereal grains are generally used for bringing in an energy source to the regular diet of the llamas. This may be included with the supplements or forage.
3. Supplements
Supplements cannot readily replace the necessity of a complete meal. But a supplement is usually a complicated mixture of concentrates. Most of the owners want their lamas to be feed supplements along with forage.
Supplements are commercially available. These are prepared and marketed by agro brands. Not all of the supplements are meant for llamas but they can be used anyways.
Some giant farms tend to grow their supplements, especially targeting the llamas in the herd.
Most of the supplements of llamas and alpacas are marketed as pellets. They have typically smashed ingredients that are bound together.
Some experts argue that this technique may reduce the effectiveness of the fiber in the supplements. But these supplements make their way into the daily ratio of the llamas anyway.
a. Supplements for Maintenance Feeding
This is the most common form of supplements that most llamas need. In most of the regions, llamas are feed on forage. This is their primary source of energy with 8% to 10% CP in it. In this case, these llamas need vitamins and minerals as supplements.
But if the llamas in the heard have to walk a considerable distance per day, their supplement must have additional energy. In this case, the amount of protein should be 10% to 12%.
b. Supplements for show feeding
The llamas that need to do labor-intensive work, do need a special diet. Although the usages of llamas for carrying the load is declining, it's worth knowing about the diet.
Anyways, these llamas need the energy to do hard work. Cereal grain (in a proper amount) is helpful to regain energy.
But consumption of too many grains can lead to obesity. So, a mixture of grains can be helpful. You can mix barley and oats with corn and then give them to the llamas. This will ensure that they don't overconsume. Yet, they can get the required energy.
These llamas require an average amount of protein intake. This grain and protein intake along with regular forage consumption will ensure that they have enough energy to carry the load. Yet, don't gain overweight.
c. Supplements for reproductive animal feeding
It is no wonder that a pregnant llama needs more food than usual. Lactating female llamas are also considered in this category. In this case, the protein must consist of up to 16 to 18% of the supplement.
Cereal grains are meant to be used as an energy source. These llamas need extra vitamins and minerals too.
Supplements are subject to species, age, region, and food quality. The supplement that works for a herd may not do well for another.
Often the quality of the forage determines how many supplements are needed. It is wise to get in touch with a consultant to determine how much supplement a llama needs.
Almost all of us know the importance of salt as an electrolyte in the human body. The case is no different in an animal body.
Animals need to fill up their daily requirement of sodium and chloride. Salt is the easiest way that the requirement can be fulfilled.
Most of the animals need salt equivalent to 0.25% to 0.5% of the total consumed diet by an individual animal. Sometimes, animals show an abnormal craving for salt.
They will chew dirt, rock, or try to drink urine. This behavior is called Pica. Llamas are no different than other animals.
What form of salt is needed?
You can find salt products in two forms: compressed block products and loose granular. The latter one can be given to a llama with a concentrate mix.
Free block salts need to be licked. This process results in efficient management but llamas are unable to intake the required amount of salt by this mean.
The nutrition from a source largely depends on the composition. Salt is no different. There are not sufficient differences between block salts and the loose counterpart, except the physical appearance.
The recommended process of feeding adequate salt
A source of loose granular salt must be present in a continent location for the llamas. That pot must be covered well for rain protection. You need to provide only a kind of salt at a time. Usually, llamas need salt for sodium. It can be filled up with white salt. If you need to provide a trace mineral source in form of trace mineral salt, do not put it with white salt. This will help the llamas to intake the necessary sodium they need and not be confused with trace mineral salt. Water source is necessary to efficiently intake any food source. But it's better not to place salt and water source too much close to each other. Calculate the salt requirement by inspection. The inspection period may be as long as 30 to 45 consecutive days. Try to make a balance of salt intake of the llamas with their forage intake. If the forage provides less amount of minerals, it's more likely to add salt to the diet.
5. Water & Drinks
In case of wild and free-range llamas can live long time without water. That is because they can acquire hydration by consuming plants.
However, farm llamas will require much water then the wild ones.
Now, beverage and alcoholic drinks are toxic to them. Learn more about the toxic foods.
Rust Issues With My Above Ground Pool Top Rails Rusting, Top Rail Rust On Above Ground Pool
Command And Conquer 4 Tiberian Twilight Cheats, Command & Conquer 4 Tiberian Twilight (Steam)
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Thread: need silent... keyboard lol!
Months ago, i started making my computer quieter, replacing fans etc, water cooled, allsorts - its still audible but its 100 times better than ever before.
Now my wife is complaing about my typing being too loud!! I currently have a logitech mx3100 combo for mouse and keyboard but i need to get a silent keyboard and as my mouse is flaky, i think a combo would be a good option.
any advice? looks are semi important, wired/wirless isnt important at all.
It helps, but no cure for nimble touch typing though ...or ugly pointy bat ears.
that would be silent, no?
Last edited by godsdog; 30-07-2007 at 12:54 PM.
Nevermind, MadduckUK beat me to it... by a few hours. Oops. totally missed his link.
Last edited by silentvoice; 30-07-2007 at 02:35 PM.
Logiteh Ultra-X - laptop style and sound.
I'd also suggest something like Logitech's laptop-style keyboards. Scan has them for preorder, 9 pounds something.
I have a £5 microsoft keyboard which I love, but it sounds horrible to type on. Very hollow and plasticy. Those logitechs are good. Although I suspect most expensive keyboards would be pretty quiet. There might be cheaper alternatives though. Like maybe puring candle wax into your wifes ears when shes asleep.
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Alberta, Canada: Beauty beyond your wildest dreams
Alison Dayani can't believe what she is seeing Canada
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I dared not breathe or make a sound as with wonder I watched the three big bears pad gently through the blushing meadow in front of me. I may be no Goldilocks, but this was my own fairytale come true in the wonderful wilds of Canada.
The huge expanses of British Columbia and Alberta had spoilt me with more delights than just the rare Black Bear.
A white water rafting thriller through rocky canyons, spotting Killer Whales and walking on a glacier were on my long list of adventures that made it such an extraordinary trip of a lifetime.
My husband Mike and I started off in Vancouver, a wonderfully vibrant city on the edge of the Pacific Ocean, which has even more reason to visit as it prepares to host the 2010 Winter Olympics with Whistler through February and March.
It's a perfect time to head there to see some of the games or take in the atmosphere. An internet planner has been set up to help choose events, but even if you cannot make it for the Olympics, the 'cultural olympiad' packed with arts and culture celebrations surrounding the Games get underway a month before the opening ceremony on January 22, continuing until March 21.
We went in summer but the multitude of attractions are just as good any season. It is well worth buying a Vancouver Attractions Pass giving access to nearly 40 tourist spots, but most importantly the hop on-hop off Trolley Tours that take you to the doorstep of so many places – historic quarters of Yaletown and Gastown, shops galore on Robson, the laidback beach culture at English Bay.
One of our particular favourites was taking a speedy little Aquabus over to Granville Island where endless rows of shiny fruit, exotic fish and spices at the food market greet visitors in a bustling atmosphere. Craft shops dot the island with gaggles of people always lazing around.
But save a few hours for the mesmerising Stanley Park. An amazing 1,000 acres of parkland and forest, nicknamed Vancouver's "giant green heart".
The forest alongside skyscrapers includes a 6.5-mile Seawall Path around its edge. A piece of heaven for walkers, cyclists and rollerbladers with some of the most stunning mountain and ocean views you will see in the world, particularly at sunrise and sunset. It includes Totem Poles, Vancouver Aquarium, beaches and a nature house.
It is this type of scenery and its popularity as a spa destination that has attracted Hollywood stars to Vancouver.
Teen vampire blockbuster Twilight and its sequels were filmed around the city this year with its A-list cast staying at Sutton Place Hotel, where you can be treated like a star too at its Vida Spa during an indulgent day.
We stayed at the Rosedale on Robson Suite Hotel, making the most of its large rooms, pool and substantial breakfast, along with its central position making it ideal to roam the lively city.
It was close to the seabus terminal too, a cheap way to reach the north shore, where many of the Olympic events take place. Grouse Mountain has unrivalled views of the city from its peak, reached easily by a gondola. While nearby is the unmissable Capilano Suspension Bridge that teeters over a canyon at soaring heights. Pretty scary but not the most frightening thing I would experience on this trip – that was yet to come.
With Vancouver being the gateway to the ocean, we ventured out on the water through a daytrip with a difference – on the fantastic Prince of Whales' Whales and Fly tour.
Heading out in the morning on a boat cruiser, we skimmed across the waves dodging remote islands towards Vancouver Island, where the region's parliament sits in Victoria.
Seals and eagles raised some excitement but the real treat came when a few hours in we came across an Orca Whale and her new baby calf. Peacefully gliding passed our boat, the shiny black and white creatures brought a lump to my throat to see them so close in their own habitat. An unforgettable moment to last a lifetime.
It would be hard to top that, but the tour then pulled up at Victoria, where we were left for a few hours to explore the charming but very touristy, "English" city complete with Ye Olde England pubs, serving the largest portion of fish and chips I have ever seen.
Wildlife and nature enthusiasts should consider spending a couple of days on Vancouver Island to see the rocky coastline and beaches, but if you only have three or four hours like us, I recommend seeing the Royal British Columbia Museum including First Nation history, longboats and totem poles.
The excitement wasn't over though as our exciting journey back to Vancouver was by floatplane from the harbour. What a way to end the day and the first part of our trip.
It was now time to head inland to the wonder of the wilderness in the neighbouring province of Alberta.
Booking an internal flight with Westjet, Canada's version of RyanAir, we reached Calgary in an hour for around £50 each. From there, we hit the open road in an Avis hire car and made a simple journey on straight roads to The Canadian Rockies.
Travellers will need to obtain a Parks Canada pass to drive through the national parks of Banff and Jasper, easily available to buy online or once you reach the area at around £6 a day.
The natural magnificence of mountains, lakes and waterfalls instantly grabbed us. Everything was on such a grand scale, the sky even seemed bigger. Small communities are the minority compared to the vast landscape packed with moose, bears, deer, mountain goats and other resident mammals.
Banff and Jasper, the two main towns, are a must to any trip but for very different reasons. Banff, the birthplace of Rocky Mountain tourism, has a more polished edge with an air of extravagance. A main street of half a mile is lined with stores that were once outfitters for brave explorers but now deal in mainly tourist souvenirs.
We stayed a couple of nights at the Brewster's Mountain Lodge in a great central spot with a luxurious log cabin feel. Ideal to reach restaurants and bars or to head off for a short walk along the picturesque Bow River, Vermilion Lakes or the Hot Springs.
We headed high above the town for a late night dip in the Banff Upper Hot Springs for only £3 each. Gloriously refreshing in the cold night air. Another more scenic spring is an hour away from Jasper at Miette, and if you only bathe once, head there as it is larger and more remote with sensational mountain views.
Back in Banff, it was easy to while away the days visiting beauty spots, local museums and with our most daring adventure yet- white water rafting.
Our chirpy British guide with Wild Water Adventures, Simon Jay, who spends winters guiding people to see polar bears and summer in the Rockies, gave us the area's fascinating history en-route to the Kicking Horse River.
Even though I knew I was in safe hands with our trusty crew leader Ted Bilton and full waterproof gear and lifejackets, I still saw my life flash before my eyes as we went over the bubbling, crystal clear Class Four rapids. I clung on for dear life as the excitement sent my adrenoline levels soaring.
It was the most exhilirating way imaginable to see the scenery from the bottom of the valley and more peaceful moments allowed me to take in the Rockies and trees above from different angle. If you aren't as brave, Wild Water Adventures offer family raft days and gentler tours, all for reasonable prices.
With our feet back on terra firma, we headed off to Jasper. The route up Icefields Parkway by car passes so many points of extreme beauty – Lake Louise, Athabasca Falls and Bow Lake to name a few – that it took us most of a day to cover 180 miles as we kept stopping for photos and passing deer and chipmunk as well as taking in a few trails.
Finally, we reached the more down-to-earth Jasper. The small historic town is a good base to explore the beautiful region abundant with wildlife and friendly restaurants and comfortable hotels like Whistler's Inn, where we stayed. The Jasper Brewing Company was just a few steps away too with the chance of sampling six homemade beers including blueberry and honey. It was impossible not to relax in such a calm atmosphere and with so many lakes at our disposal, a quick picnic in the perfect surroundings was hard to ignore.
We had seen warning signs of 'Bears Beware' around Banff and even a bear paw scratch on a tree, but it was not until we reached Jasper and were doing a Walks and Talks tour with knowledgeable guide Paula Beauchamp that we came across our own special sighting.
Not one, but three Black Bears – daddy, mummy and baby bear – in a row, forraging for food. Their silky black coats moving quickly and powerfully in their own terrain.
"They are the king of the forest, you don't mess with them," Paula tells us. "I have seen so many bears but every one is still special and something you don't forget."
And she was right. But for me, the whole trip across Vancouver and The Rockies was completely mesmerising and unforgettable.
* Stop off at the Columbia Icefield, half way between Banff and Jasper on the Icefields Parkway highway for a once-in-a-lifetime chance to walk on the Athabasca Glacier after reaching the point on a unique snowmobile developed by NASA.
* -La Casa Gelato, on Venables and Glen in east Vancouver, offers 218 flavours of ice cream from the bizarre blue cheese to the gorgeous marzipan and banana fudge.
* Lake Minnewanka, near Banff, has boat tours through the summer at the picture postcard spot. It's also a good place to see roaming animals including mountain goat, beavers and moose in the summer or its frozen beauty in the winter.
* Make sure you go off the beaten track to to the trail to Mount Edith Cavell near Jasper, where an angel-shaped glacier graces the rock.
* The 2010 Winter Olympics planning website is available at: www.2010destinationplanner.com or visit: www.BritishColumbia.travel
* The Cultural Olympiad details can be found at website: www.vancouver2010.com/en/culture-and-education/cultural-festival-and-events/-/33968/1wly9jd/index.html
Travel facts...
Canadian Affair Flights to Vancouver from Manchester, London Gatwick or Heathrow start from as little as £149 for an adult. www.canadianaffair.com
Hotel prices for the Rosedale on Robson, in Hamilton Street and Robson, Vancouver, start from £115 a night.
Website: www.rosedaleonrobson.com
Prince of Whales tour company offers various types of whale watching trips from Vancouver. Website: www.princeofwhales.com
Brewster's Mountain Lodge, Banff, start from around £60 a night and includes breakfast. www.brewstermountainlodge.com
Whistler's Inn, Jasper, rates start at around £75 a night. www.whistlersinn.com
Wild Water Adventures range from £45 to £80. Visit website: www.wildwater.com
Walks and Talks Jasper is around £30 and available on www.walksntalks.com
Follow @WhatsOnBMail
TescoTesco urgently recall five products with shoppers offered refunds and warned NOT to eat themTesco operates multiple stores across the city - from Express stores in the city centre to larger supermarket outlets further out
TescoTesco launch Valentine's Day meal deal for £20 - full list of starters, mains and sides you can buyFor Valentine's Day, Tesco is launching a deal made up of 27 products which allows shoppers to choose from more than 15,000 combinations.
HotelsHilton launch winter hotel sale with up to 30% off for guestsThe Hilton Winter Sale offers holidaymakers savings of up to 25%, with an additional 5% for Hilton Honors members who book direct - and it's really easy to sign up
Scottish and Southern EnergyMorrissey announces UK tour for 2020 - how to get ticketsThe first UK date is at Leeds First Direct Arena on Friday, March 6, along with a second show set at The SSE Arena, Wembley in London on Saturday, March 14
TerrorismEminem slammed after Manchester bombing song sparks outrage following Ariana Grande terror attackIn the song Unaccommodating, the US rapper said: "I'm yelling 'bombs away' on the game, like I'm outside of an Ariana Grande concert waiting."
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Turtle Rock Studios Co-Founders Chris Ashton and Phil Robb posted on the developer's official forums to announce a rather radical move for Evolve. The game will be distributed for free on steam starting tomorrow, July 7th.
Below you can read the full message offering further details.
Evolve received over 65 nominations and awards at various trade shows after we announced. It was the first title in history to win Game of Show at both E3 and Gamescom. It felt great to receive all those awards and we don't ever want to forget that feeling. Game development is an art and what artist doesn't love having their work appreciated?
When people first started playing Evolve at those and other conferences, it was magical. Sure, there was the AAA videogame hype surrounding our title. Yeah, we also had the flashy displays, the giant Goliath statue, and all the other things AAA games do to get people excited. And that stuff was cool. Really cool. But, what we lived for — what was cooler by far — was just seeing people play Evolve for the first time. We worked on it for years and then, suddenly, people got to experience our game, controller in-hand. There was genuine excitement — real joy — when people played. It was like nothing they'd ever played before and watching it happen was like no high we ever felt.
Most importantly, we just want to put the game in your hands. Try Evolve out. See what you think. We hope you like it and we're not going to charge you to give it a try.
As part of our promise to recapture the magic and improve the Evolve experience across-the-board, we're going to ratchet up our communication with the community. We will be continually updating our social channels, our forums and our website to let you know how it's going.
We have lived and breathed Evolve for over four years and we feel like we are just getting started. Since launch we realized Evolve has provided people some of their most exciting gaming moments and we want to make more of those for everyone… well, everyone who is OK with being periodically murdered (brutally) by terrifying alien monsters.
If you're wondering what it means for the PS4 and Xbox One versions, the developers promised that the initiative will be extended to console is the new free setup will be successful on Steam.
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RESTON, Va.; Oct. 4, 2010 – The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) has selected Accenture (NYSE: ACN) as a prime contractor under the Information Technology Support Services Contract (ITSSC) that will be used to acquire a wide range of IT systems development and modernization services. The ITSSC includes a one-year base period plus six additional one-year options with an aggregate ceiling valued at $2.8 billion.
Under the contract, Accenture will implement emerging technology applications designed to improve SSA's service delivery capabilities to current beneficiaries and future retirees. Task orders issued under the contract may request services such as evaluating ways to integrate data from health records more seamlessly, expanding Web and social media to enhance user accessibility, and applying predictive models and analytics capabilities to SSA's business.
"The application and integration of emerging technologies is expected to help SSA reduce costs, increase end-user satisfaction with the agency's retirement and other core benefits programs, and speed the delivery of benefits," said Steve Shane, managing director, Accenture's U.S. federal health programs. "We look forward to collaborating with SSA to make its service delivery vision a reality.
The scope of ITSSC underscores SSA's increasing need for health information technology, as the data contained in electronic health records will enable disability claims and other entitlement program determinations.
Accenture's federal health practice focuses on improving agencies' performance and outcomes for citizens. Accenture will draw heavily on its federal and health industry experience and capabilities in delivering against the ITSSC contract.
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Ever since I first watched it as a teenager, I've been a huge fan of Tous les Matins du Monde. The 1991 film is a dramatisation of the relationship between the French baroque composer Marin Marias (played by the late Guillaume Depardieu and in some scenes by his father Gerard) and his teacher the mysterious Monsieur de Sainte-Colombe (Jean-Pierre Marielle).
The plot of the film is framed with a lot of sadness. Sainte Colombe, the master, is sad due to the loss of his wife; Marais is sad because his voice is breaking and he can no longer sing in a boys' choir. Marais pesters Sainte-Colombe for viol lessons and the latter capitulates only because he is touched by Marais's sadness. But Marais is a brat and disrespects Sainte-Columbe's philosophy (and daughters) and makes him angry and sad. But ultimately Marais is sad as a result of his shallowness and misdeeds. And that's pretty much it!!
I would forgive anyone who has seen this film and thought it morose, depressing, and short on dialioge. Indeed it is all of the above! But I like to get past that and enjoy the music, and I find that taking some time to consider and appreciate the soundtrack brings one back into the film's compelling story, whose central character is surely the music itself.
Or perhaps the music forms two characters: one paralleling the sad, regretful and puritalical Sainte-Colombe (this character dominates), and the other the amitious future court composer Marais. Very little is known of the real Sainte-Colombe and this adds intrigue to the experience of seeing him re-enacted as the reluctant teacher and widower.
One of the most popular scenes from the film, however, includes music composed by neither Marais nor Sainte-Colombe. The young upstart Marais visits Sainte-Colombe to audition to be his student and is asked to improvise on Folies d'Espagne (The Follies of Spain), and the hauntingly beautiful result is as follows.
Here Depardieu is miming over the great contemporary Catalan viol player Jordi Savall, whose adaptation and performance of much of the music for the film are highlights. I've always enjoyed this scene and the piece is variously called La Folia/Follia, Les Folies, or Folies d'Espagne.
One of the oldest known European musical themes, Follies' composer is not known and it is thought to originate from Iberia in the late 15th century. More than 150 composers have incorporated it into their music in some way or other, but many baroque composers have focused on composing variations of the theme itself rather than simply incorporating it into something else.
Sound good? Here's a version of the theme arranged by Marin Marais's other teacher (not dealt with in the film), the also-great, Florenese baroque composer Jean-Baptiste Lully.
This version is fairly conservative, but it's relative simplicity leaves the theme free to be enjoyed on its own terms. For something quite different, have a listen to Antonio Vivaldi's later, punchier, and considerably more expressive variation.
There are plenty of other versions available to listen to on youtube, but I shouldn't push it. If you've been so kind as to listen to the three posted here, I suspected you've had enough of it by now!
Tous les Matins du Monde won seven César awards in 1992 including Best Music Written for a Film for Jordi Savall's arrangements and was nominated for a Golden Globe the folllowing year. Tragically, Guillaume Depardieu died of pneumonia in October 2008 aged 37.
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Last year, I wanted to take a year off from work to finish my college degree. I don't have much work left, but after taking one or two classes at a time at night for 6 years, I really want to give it a final push and be done with it. My boyfriend, who I live with, was all for the idea. I didn't end up getting the financial help I had hoped for from the college I go to, so I decided against it. (I would have had to borrow a considerable amount of money for school, and then work 20 hours a week, at least, to make it work). I applied at two other schools, just on a whim. One school, about 2 hours away, offered me enough financial aid that I could go full-time and not have to work more than a few hours a week for spending money. I would live there, on campus, for the year. The program is specifically designed for nontraditional students who want to finish a bachelor's degree. I'm really excited about the opportunity. My boyfriend doesn't want me to go. For whatever reason, he is giving me an ultimatum about school. If I go, he will break up with me.
Sherry, we have a home together that we've shared for 5 years. We have been through a tone of challenges … and we've done really well together. I can't understand why he's being such a prick.
I'm so angry – and sad – and don't know what to do. I've never given him any reason to not trust me completely.
It sounds like your boyfriend is threatened about you leaving, your scholastic pursuits, maybe your independence.
This sounds like an awesome opportunity, one that doesn't come around too often. Personally, I think you should tell him you are going, that you love him and hope to continue a relationship with him, but that you cannot allow him to stomp on your dreams.
If you aren't comfortable with that, consider the alternative: You may always regret not taking advantage of the opportunity. And it may take you a few more years to finish the degree. And will that make him happy?
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All the Green-Zones team wishes you a happy new year 2018! We will have the pleasure to accompany you throughout the year and to answer your questions about environmental zones regulations all over Europe. Attention: new environmental zones are set up today.
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Thread by @MacroTechnicals: "time... also for the weekly recap. soon mandatory today Eddie and David - turn on the vol them riffs... can't focus on Excel LOL […]"
I used to scoff about left brain dominant vs right brain dominant—even as a writer/ photographer who struggled with math and science in school. I thought it was a matter of liking English more than Algebra.
Then I sustained a severe TBI in 2013.
That was their word— severe.
A lot of things changed—some were immediately obvious once I was released from the hospital.
Some didn't manifest until I drove from Los Angeles to NYC a few month later [alone, no less] to start a new gig at the United Nations.
Lost in NYC was a near daily occurrence.
Aphasia was constant—I just didn't know what it was called.
Losing words made me so angry I kicked in the side panel of my truck.
The severed olfactory nerve served me well when I was lost in the subway stations—I couldn't smell anything.
#TURN - Washington's Spies. If you haven't seen the series, you can't appreciate the Culper Ring and how much #QAnon parallels it. Season 2, episode 10, 40:00 mark; nearly exact language used in early Q drops. Washington speaks of General Lee's treason and how he'll be shamed.
Message from "355", no security without secrecy.
Benjamin Tallmadge says there's a cabal forming against the freedom movement in the United States while pointing out a traitor in the colonial army to General George Washington.
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On Boxing Day one of my neighbours, Julie, was exercising her dog down on the beach. She came across a young otter on it's own by the tide line. It began to follow her and then she noticed it was dragging a hind leg.
Julie and Hamsa did all of the right things. Young otters are totally dependent on parental care not just feeding but for protection from predators such as foxes and eagles. We did show the otter to my grand children but they didn't handle them, they are best left alone to recover , they do have very sharp teeth and of course we don't want them to become habituated to humans...... that could be dangerous for them. But if you hand someone a baby otter they can't help cuddling it. Luckily this one is friendly and doesn't bite.
I spoke to Ben Yoxon at the IOSF refuge this morning and he told that the cub is well, eating salmon and has an appointment with the Vet for an inspection of the leg infection.
Video: Hamsa delivering the otter and totally ignoring the advice about cuddling small furry creatures.
Firewood splitting ............. porridge beats petrol.
Having the wood shed close to the road is a big advantage. People passing by stop to watch and often want to have a go. this morning some really big logs needed to be split with a wedge as in the photograph.
Two people taking alternate swings at the wedge with big wood splitting mauls soon demolished the heap of logs that I sawed earlier.
Plus.... they feel good as a result of exercise in the, "green gym"and no oil has been burned to the drive process. Of course you need the passing volunteers so it's not terribly reliable.More business for the physiotherapist too.
An electrically powered hydraulic ram again operated by a volunteer is quiet, effective but a bit slow and they are expensive pieces of kit.
A towable petrol engined machine can deal with lots of really big stuff but they are expensive and need two people to operate them.
On balance people with axes and fueled by porridge oats is cheaper, greener and healthier.
After lunch I put on my sunglasses and sauntered off into the sunset. In December night falls about 4.00 pm and sunglasses are unheard of unless as an affectation of cool.
Ben Tallaidh had a coat of white cloud following the mountain contours, up the western slopes, over the summit and down the east, like an inverted old man's beard. There was absolute silence, no crashing waves, no wind,no screaming gulls, The sun tumbled into the Atlantic behind the Treshnish Isles.
On the way back my forty metre shadow looked quite athletic, this cheered me, as I move more like a cart horse than a race horse. But at least I'm still moving, still walking, thinking and enjoying the freedom it brings at no more than two miles an hour.
I got to thinking about walking, two miles an hour is not fast but not slow, it's a pace that suits me, "sauntering" as recommended by David Thoreau in his essay, "Walking" published in the, Atlantic Monthly shortly before his death in 1862.
Two miles an hour isn't slow as in the polar opposite of fast, it's a good slowness as opposed to haste, it's a pace that can be comfortably kept up all day. Twenty years ago my wife and I set out to climb Mt. Kathadin, highest point in the Appalachians. We left the National Park office at 5.00 am and were regularly overtaken by groups on younger walkers hurrying on. Then as the day progressed we passed the red faced, perspiring overtakers. We arrived on the summit at noon together with an elderly man and a child. Grandfather was wearing a USMC cap, he knew the art of walking.
The last big walk I did was 15 days along the GR 20 in Corsica 12 years ago and I got to thinking about doing something similar in 2018 but more slowly at a lower level but definitely in the sun and on my own, non of my contemporaries seem to be up for it.
Well of course I was being over optimistic. In the time available and the survey team of two in a area of at least 100 sq. miles there wasn't much chance of finding tracks or getting trail cam video of anything other than deer, foxes and pine marten. But it was spectacular, blue skies, hoar frost, snow covered mountains; the woods in winter.
The birds were a compensation; Goldcrest, Goosander and Woodcock .
he wants his wedding there. First he has to find a bride who is likely to agree but it is a stunning place on a day like yesterday. It's probably a better place to introduce your children to "affordable accommodation" in remote areas. Then like mine they can dine out for ever on horror stories from their childhood holidays. I digress.
Next time we will have to roam wider, spend longer and use more trail cams but only in the likeliest places. In the meantime I have a had a memorable walk in the winter woods.
Stopping by the woods on a snowy evening.
North Northumberland again........ nest boxes in trees for barn owls.
The Coquet Valley around Alwinton and Harbottle is a patch work of woodland, hedgerows and grassland much of it rough grazing, ideal for voles and barn owls. Drive two or three miles after dark and you are sure to see a white owl perched on a fence post or hunting silently over the grassland.
Food supply is probably as good as it gets for most of the year but nesting sites can be few and far between. Before barns, the owls used holes in large old trees they still do of course when available.. Modern farm buildings tend to be enclosed and bird proof. Many of the big old trees have gone with the ancient woodland and hedgerows so purpose made nest boxes can be a big help.
Where to put it? For a start well away from fast roads ( not a problem up the Coquet), it doesn't have to be adjacent to rough grazing the owls will commute to work but I guess, the closer the better. The tree itself should be relatively free of branches low down so that the owl can actually see the entrance hole, a straight stem with few side branches around the box is ideal. The fledglings need to hop about near the box. Four metres above ground level provides security from most predators, until the Coquet has it's own population of pine martens.
This box is designed so that it doesn't have to be tied to the tree there is a secure integral hooking device, a wooden spar that hooks over another piece of timber screwed to the tree. I should add, barn owls don't build nests or carry nesting materials they use the regurgitated owl pellets as bedding. Most people don't have a ready supply of these (Hamsa does, he keeps them in his freezer with the dead mice) two buckets full of a dry horticultural compost and wood shavings is a good substitute to get them started.
It's time to plant trees and to learn how to do it!
November is the start of the traditional tree planting season for bare root trees that are two to three years old. Normally, planting of bare root trees ends in March when the plants wake up after winter and start to grow again..
Then there are trees grown in germination / propagation modules under plastic tunnels These can be planted at any time as they are well rooted in a ball of growing medium but these are much more expensive and difficult to handle on the planting site. A tree planter can carry 100 or more bare root plants in a bag over her shoulder but plants in modules have to be palletised and are a bit of a logistical nightmare on large, remote planting sites.
For my tree scheme the seed of the ,"native broad leaved" species that I plant must have a known provenance; in short the seed is collected in Argyll and is certified as such. It can then be sent anywhere to be propagated for two or more years before I plant it.
Because I am not a forester I went on a tree planting training course last weekend to learn how to establish a wood and a few basic rules emerged; plant good quality trees with well developed roots, smaller transplants are better than long whippy ones, don't let anything (voles, deer, sheep etc.) eat them, control the weeds and finally the actual planting is a skilled job. Rachel in the picture plants between 1,000 and 2,000 trees a day depending on conditions, I'll get her to do mine.
Nutritional wisdom of poultry .......low cost and low carbon egg production.
In egg production systems we feed a balanced energy rich, protein rich pellet fortified with minerals and vitamins...... everything the hen needs for egg production. These "layers pellets" make up about 70 per cent of the cost and 70 per cent of the carbon footprint of egg production.
My own hens have access to layers pellets and mixed corn ( whole wheat, kibbled maize, oats high in energy). They eat more of the mixed corn than the pellets and still lay perfectly well so are they showing "nutritional wisdom" and balancing their own diets with the wide selection of proteins available out there?
Given the scientific evidence that hens can and do select an appropriate and balanced range of proteins in their free range environment so I am tempted to feed only mixed corn which is cheaper than pellets and has a lower carbon footprint than pellets.
Yoga for owls........ the ,"Half bound lotus" posture.... really!
If you go to a yoga class you will have seen the, " half bound lotus stretch" before ... but "chair pose with dump" is rarely seen in class.
Perhaps we can make a calendar with these clips.
The trail camera was busy again last night in the "Owl hotel", not just one owl in the barn but two and they are squabbling over a dead mouse.
We think that one of them, the one on the left is older and the one on the right is probably a juvenile as it seems to be more submissive. It we could see the colours of the wing coverts perhaps we could be more exact.
If there are any owl experts out there perhaps you could give us your view?
Barn owls fit in well with the photographer's millennial lifestyle, coming home from from another party at about three this morning . He got this short video with his camera phone.
The owl flies out of the barn then up the road and perches on a branch of a big sycamore.
Under the rafter where the owl perches he found pellets (bundles of regurgitated bone and fur) so it was probably there for so time sitting out the storm.
He then set up the trail camera directly opposite the perch with a dead mouse for bait but it looks as if tonight something else took the mouse or the owl swooped in too quickly for the trail cam.
If you are under 40 years old you have been ingesting glyphosate in one form or other for the whole of your life'; in biscuits, potato crisps, bread and vegetables.If you are a farmer, gardener, green keeper or forester you have been directly exposed to this chemical in it's concentrated form and when diluted as a spray.
The holy grail for the agro-chemical industry since Roundup was first marketed has been crop plants that are tolerant to glyphosate. These genetically modified "Roundup Ready" varieties have two big advantages for Monsanto; increased sales of Roundup and they can sell the GM crop seeds with the chemical as a package. For the farmer there is 100 per cent weed kill and the crop survives.
Tomorrow in the media you will see the response of the agro-chemical industry (MONSANTO), the farmer's unions and a few tame politicians. They will reject the science behind the vote and argue that the world cannot be fed without Roundup. There are alternatives to Roundup readiness and we can feed the world without it. More on that later.
There's a rule of thumb that says you can measure (roughly) the age of an oak tree by measuring the diameter of the trunk at chest height with the span of your arms. I think you have to be of average height (me). Your arm span equals your height, in my case 5' 8" or 172.5 cm., and each span is worth 100 years of growth.
Today I set out to find the "Skipinnish oak" a very old tree in what were once the policies of Achnacarry Castle. There is no signage to tell you where it is, no footpath and no interpretive display board. But the kind attendants at the Clan Cameron museum pointed me in right direction, told me that it was completely hidden by other lesser trees and that I would have to climb the deer fence.
A very old oak is going to be a very big oak I thought. So I scanned the forest canopy. There were three large venerable oaks in roughly the right place but their trunks and lower branches were completely obscured by a thicket of much younger trees.
Taking a bearing on the tallest I set off in a straight line over ditches, rocks, tree stumps and bog to the deer fence. Deer fences are at least 7' high and if they are in good shape they aren't easy to climb. You have to find a strainer post that doesn't sway and wobble so I set off along the fence. I was in luck a ladder had been built up and over the wire.
Because the deer have been excluded there has been spectacular regeneration of birches, a thicket so dense I had to shoulder my way between them up the knoll to the old giant. My photo doesn't do it justice, you have nothing to compare the diameter of the trunk.
I measured approximately 5 spans..... about 28 feet. or 7 metres in circumference. So it's 500 years old, maybe more.
When Achnacarry Castle was destroyed by the Duke of Cumberland's troops after Culloden in 1745 the great tree could already have been 200 years old and it looks as if its still growing.
NB. The vegetation inside the fence is different from that outside. Inside there is quite spectacular natural regeneration of birch, oak and hazel. Outside the regeneration is much less due to deer browsing there are some oak seedlings and hazel but it is really sparse compared with inside.
Crows, ravens, rooks and jays (Corvids) are thought by some authorities to be as intelligent as apes. They can solve problems, use tools and think ahead.
Earlier this year Trevor at the Ardnamurchan campsite found his windows splashed with blood one morning.A hoodie crow had been attacking it's own reflection thinking it was another crow. Not all that intelligent you might think it should have been able to recognise itself well some crows been shown to recognise themselves in mirrors.
Hamsa left the trail camera outside his back door one morning last week with an egg to attract the crows. See the video for what happened next and the intelligent way in which the crow made the egg portable.
Just over a week ago I posted a piece about "Peanut" the pine marten living in the Campbell's roof. Since then things have moved on. I made a pine marten den box. Hamsa put it up on the roof above the valley gutter near where she was entering the loft and now she has moved in.See video clip.
Peanuts and peanut butter were used to entice her to investigate, she must have liked what she found because we now have video of her entering and leaving.
Den boxes have been successfully used to help conserve pine martens and to monitor their population by the Forestry Commission and the Vincent Wildlife Trust.
In commercial forestry plantations the trees are close together and relatively young there are few trees with natural den sites ( deep holes in the trunk). A scarcity of den sites in tree cavities is a major constraint on population growth. Den boxes have been very successful in Scotland and Ireland. The martens can safely shelter from the weather and predators (foxes).
Den boxes have been designed to be weather proof, a similar size to natural sites, well insulated and with two entrances, they like to have a choice of escape exits.
Now that we know she is using the box we can block off the hole in the roof, the pine marten will be safe and the Campbells will be free of an unwanted guest.
The best time to plant trees was 20 years ago....... the next best time is now.
On Friday my Charolais cross bred ewes will be sold at Torlundy mart near Fort William. They are going for two reasons one economic and one personal.
This year it cost approximately £50 to breed and rear a lamb for sale. It then cost £2 to take each animal to the mart and the auctioneer charged another £3 to sell each one. The sale price was down 14 % to £43 per head. I made a loss of £12 on each lamb.
The "Single Farm Payment" and the "Less Favoured Area Payment" subsidies that we get from Europe add up to just under £600 for this croft. This leaves a surplus of roughly £400 for a year's work. The subsidy comes from the European Union. In 2019 when we have left the EU it is unlikely to be paid by the UK government despite it being a vital social subsidy for rural Scotland. This is the economic reason for selling the breeding ewes.
Each year these ewes seem to be heavier, stronger and less cooperative or could it be me getting older?
Keeping poultry is easier at my age and it is one of the two farming enterprises in Scotland that produced a profit before the SFP last year the other was pigs.
As Crofters we have a sort of quasi legal obligation to carry on an agricultural or business activity on the croft. If this isn't a farming enterprise it can be equestrian, a camp site, a golf course, nature conservation or forestry. I intend to plant trees....... as shelter belts, as a source of native tree seed for re-wilding, as a landscape feature and for timber in 50 to 100 years.
Shelter from the prevailing wind will also increase the productivity of the remaining grassland and hens do like to rake about among the trees, it's close to their native jungle habitat in India.
In Britain we exterminated our large predators long before other Europeans. The wolverine is estimated to have gone 8,000 years ago, bears 1000 years ago and lynx in 400 AD. The last wolf is reputed to have been shot in Scotland in 1680.
Conserving populations of large predators is complex not least because they live at low densities and need large land areas often crossing national boundaries. In N.America black bears and mountain lions still live among low density human populations but brown bears and wolves have largely been confined within protected areas, people and predators are kept apart, the "separation" model.
I've been complaining daily about the wet summer. But there is a plus side, heavy rain encourages the growth of chanterelle mushrooms.Yesterday I was shown, by someone who knows about these things..... where to find them.Within about five minutes I had filled a large brown paper bag with perhaps one kilo.A slight depression in the woodland floor was lit up with their golden trumpets.... as golden as the yolks of free range eggs.
Beware! there are some highly toxic lookalikes. As well as knowing where to find them you need to be able to identify them. Again you need someone who knows and a guide to edible mushrooms to supplement this. I am not going to help you there it's your responsibility.
You can store them fresh in a paper bag in the fridge for about 10 days, otherwise dry them in the oven, slowly at 150 C.There are lots of recipes online.
The simplest recipe is to saute them with onions. I gave mine to Mrs.Campbell who turned out a magnificent quiche with hedgehog mushrooms and chants. I was invited to help eat it of course.
The eating is the best bit...... it would be ill mannered to take photographs. Bon appetit!
If you do go foraging and find them please don't trample on them, please leave some and don't tell anyone where you found them.
It's pretty obvious why they are called barn owls, they nest and roost in barns, first documented by Ray 1678 (The ornithology of Francis Willugby). Pennant 1768 ( Pennant, T, 1768, British Zoology ii.) calls it the, "white owl" but barn owl is the common usage and barn owl was officially adopted by the BOU (British Ornithologists Union) in 1883.
This is why we have just put up a feeding station in the sheep barn. We know that a barn owl comes in here to roost especially in wet and windy weather and Hamsa wants eventually to set up a hide in the barn.
The offerings on the feeding table are dead mice (humanely killed in a trap in his caravan).
When Hamsa lived in a barn himself at Swordle he used this technique to get some excellent images of the owls who also lived there.
There is also the possibility that owls will find and use the nesting box that's up in rafters.
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In the 60s Doak moved north, to explore the Poor Knights Islands (off the coast from Whangarei) with Tarlton, mapping and learning about their unusual ecosystem which combines warm and cold currents. Tarlton developed his own underwater 16mm movie camera housing, using a DC-3 propeller dome.
In the early 70s Doak and his wife Jan and family joined American marine biologist Walt Strack on a Pacific undersea research adventure, based on the research vessel El Torito. They used Strack's yellow submarine and scuba to learn about coral reef ecology, and dived World War II wrecks. They also helped Strack produce The Islands of Friendly Fishes, capturing the previously unseen undersea world of the Poor Knights on film.
It would be the beginning of a lifetime using storytelling — film, books, and later blogs — to convey to viewers the wonders of Aotearoa's undersea world.
Documentary The First Move, a Tale of Dreams and Dolphins (1978) followed Doak and his whānau as they studied the sea mammal, a subject on which Doak is an authority. Directed by Kiwi Julian Olivier, it explored the sophisticated social world of dolphin pods, as well as the close relationship between local iwi and the creatures. In Opo (1991) Doak reflects on the famous dolphin's complicated relationship with humans: from shared delight to tragedy.
For a 1981 edition of series Contact, Doak and director Doc Williams looked at the Poor Knights' volcanic origins.
In the 1990s Doak directed a trio of documentaries for NHNZ. Expertise in underwater filming contributed to the company's growing global reputation. In Wild South doco Masters of Inner Space (1992), he shone a torch on the design evolution of underwater species. Castle of the Deep (1995) delved into the ecosystems of the Knights' sea caves, comparing them to streets where "1000s of metres of vertical descent are traversed [by sea animals] as one swims horizontally into a darkening cul de sac like Rikoriko Cave".
Doak also co-wrote Mirrorworld (1990) with Martin Banks, an award-winning look at Fiordland's water worlds, and was a research consultant for the NHNZ series Deep Blue (1997), which followed currents and winds across the Pacific — from Java Atoll to Doak's beloved Poor Knights – to chart how they influence ocean life.
Doak has been involved in many pioneering dives to wrecks, and was a consultant for the Shipwreck series, which told the stories behind maritime tragedies around New Zealand.
He has been interviewed for many current affairs shows, both for his marine ecology knowledge and as an advocate for conservation (including a 1995 60 Minutes profile entitled 'Wade's World'). He has guided German, Japanese and French TV crews to the Poor Knights, a topic for which he is an acknowledged expert. His own films include DVD catalogues of Poor Knights' fish species and invertebrates, and charts of seasonal changes.
Doak was instrumental in securing marine reserve status for The Poor Knights; they received full protection in 1998. In 2012 he was awarded a Queen's Service Medal for services to marine conservation.
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My Big Takeaways from Dash Core Team Q3 2018 Conference Call
Posted by Joël Valenzuela | Nov 12, 2018 | News |
Every quarter, the Dash Core team releases a quarterly conference call to inform the community and masternodes of progress and field a few questions. These calls are often hours long, however, and not everyone has the time or attention span to glean all relevant information from the call. In the interest of helping the community get the relevant information, I have listened to the call and included the most important developments/announcements that I noticed.
The call is linked below, along with my four key takewaways:
1: New Intermediary Version 0.14 Introduced, Added to Roadmap
Probably the biggest, and least touted, announcement from the call is the introduction of a new Dash version between version 0.13 and 1.0's main Evolution release: 0.14. This intermediary version will mainly include the introduction of long-living masternode quorums (LLMQs). This addition was originally intended for the 0.13 release, however due to the complexity and significance of this improvement it could not be included without delaying the rest of the release a whole additional month. As such, 0.13 is now released for testnet, while, 0.14 will likely follow next month.
In addition to the addition of the new version, Core released a roadmap of sorts for versions up to 1.0, outlining the parallel developments of three key elements: DashPay, Platform, and Core. The Core element includes the base protocol for Dash, while Platform includes background and supporting structure, and DashPay encompasses the most consumer-facing elements for the most publicly visible parts of Evolution. Of these three, only Core includes releases before version 1.0, at which point all three sync up.
Based on the aforementioned release details, it may be reasonable to assume that version 1.0 will not see public release in 2018.
2: Name Registration, New Details on Evolution/Other Development Progress
The Core team is still finalizing username registration process, including whether or not (or how) users may be required to pay to register their usernames. A rating system, used for flagging harmful content in Evolution, is still being worked on, and will likely not be included in the initial 1.0 release. What will likely be included is a new MemoDash DApp, which will be similar to the MyDashWallet chat function or Bitcoin Cash's Memo.Cash by allowing messages such as tweets to be posted permanently to the blockchain.
In future releases, Evolution's features will also be added to old Dash wallets such as the current mobile wallets, while DashPay will naturally include these features but remain extremely streamlined and simple. The thought process is, DashPay should be as simple and "idiot-proof" as possible for new users, while those already familiar with cryptocurrency may want the greater flexibility and "old school" capabilities of the other wallets.
There are several Evolution whitepapers in existence, though all are outdated and no longer accurate towards the goals and scope of the platform. However, Bob Carroll sees them as historically significant and may publicly release them soon.
Finally, clarification on Dash CoPay, which was completed to public beta but likely will not be worked on further, unless the community wants to take it up. Demand hasn't been high enough to warrant consideration from the Core team to dedicate resources any further.
3: Core's New Update Format and Financial Situation
In addition to the regular quarterly calls, the Core team mentioned further updates on operations to the community to fill the void left after the discontinuation of the "What's Going On At Dash" posts. To this goal, with the release of the quarterly call presentation slides, the attached appendices included several additional slides of information about Dash Core operations and metrics.
During this period of a protracted bear market, many employees have been working for reduced or no salary. Dash Core Group has succeeded in significantly reducing budget expenditures. As a result, however, assets are up to $1.79 million, up from $1.31 at the end of Q2. Core remains committed to staying under 60% of the budget barring further catastrophic occurrences.
4: Priorities, Integrations, SEC, etc.
Dash Ventures's legal entity structure to be published this week, with a month or two more until it's ready for use in order to provide the Dash network with equity in exchange for investing in certain projects. There is ongoing engagement and communication with the Security and Exchanges Commission (SEC) regarding the pursuit of a no-action letter, however no news on this front has yet been made public.
The redesign of the overhauled Dash.org website is expected for late November/early December.
Dash-based cannabis-focused business solution Alt36, long-anticipated but seemingly well behind schedule for public launch, will reportedly demonstrate live transactions at MJBizCon later this week.
Finally, Core reiterated its focus on five key areas for optimal growth: Venezuela, cannabis, US-Mexico remittances, online gaming, and crypto traders.
PreviousEmbaixada Dash da Tailândia é Fundada com uma Ênfase na Adoção pela Indústria do Turismo
NextЧто нового в Dash на этой неделе: 5-10 ноября
This Week In Dash: March 18th – March 23rd
Dash News Recap: Travala & Booking.com, Brazilian Cryptocurrency Exchange, Ryan Taylor, Kenn Bosak & Michael Nye
Kin Foundation Establishes $5 Million USD Defend Crypto Fund To Take on SEC
Crypto Gains Lobbying Group, Majority of Finance Executives Believe It Has a Future
|
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The Puget Sound Partnership's Leadership Council will meet from 1 p.m. to 3 p.m. Wednesday, November 1, 2017 via teleconference to discuss Southern Resident orca recovery. The council will consider a proposal to adopt Resolution 2017-01, concerning acceleration and amplification of Chinook salmon recovery efforts to support Southern Resident orcas.
Salmon recovery in Puget Sound and Washington State rivers, as well as along the West Coast, is important for the recovery of the Southern Resident orcas. The endangered local orcas are a key indicator of Puget Sound health—their numbers have declined this fall to a 30-year low.
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the Leadership Council strongly supports timely and focused efforts to bring together experts within and outside of Puget Sound, to identify priority West Coast Chinook salmon runs and implement actions with the highest potential to increase Chinook populations, and access to and availability of food for orcas.
Also on the agenda is a proposal to adopt Regional Priorities that will serve as the foundation for Near-Term Actions adopted into the 2018-2022 Action Agenda. The Action Agenda is the shared plan that charts the course for protection and recovery of Puget Sound.
The full agenda, meeting materials and instructions on how to connect to the teleconference and submit public comments are available at http://psp.wa.gov/LC_meetings.php.
This teleconference is open to the public and all are welcome to provide comment and learn about the regional effort to restore and protect Puget Sound.
About the Leadership Council The seven-member Leadership Council is the governing body of the Puget Sound Partnership. Appointed by the Governor to serve four-year terms, members are among the leading citizens from around the Sound.
About the Puget Sound Partnership The Puget Sound Partnership is the state agency formed to lead the region's collective effort to restore and protect Puget Sound. Working with hundreds of governments, tribes, scientists, businesses, and nonprofits, the Partnership mobilizes partner action around a common agenda, advances Sound investments, and tracks progress to optimize recovery.
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