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Constructing a custom Liquidation Warehouse house allows you to design a dwelling that suits all of your unique needs. Follow these tips to design foolproof Jennifer Cook house layout.
We should begin from the most used rooms within your house. Assuming you are an introvert then it is advisable to go for a small cozy living room. Alternatively, in case you are an extrovert, choosing a large living space that blends living room, kitchen and dining room will undoubtedly be the best option to have fun with your friends and relatives December 20, 2015 at 1:13 pm.
Right next is to decide on if you need a small Liquidation Warehouse cozy master bedroom or a big master bedroom for a good night sleep.
Climate and elevation are a few important factors that are essential when designing your dwelling 3517.
To make sure that your home design is solid, imagining the layout via 3D application is highly recommended. By using a 3D visual, we can easily get rid of wrong placements and make your Liquidation Warehouse house plan prepared for development. | {
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Take home a free personalised Toblerone | FreebieFinder UK | Freebies, Samples, & Other Free Stuff.
With Valentine's Day on the way, it's time to show the ones you love just how you feel so Toblerone are giving away 25 personalised Toblerone Sleeves plus a 360g Toblerone milk chocolate bar to celebrate.
This was posted 2 months ago 4th February 2019 and expired 2 months ago 12th February 2019.
Follow the instructions on the Facebook giveaway post to be in with the chance to be among the 25 lucky winners. | {
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There are currently 1 user and 1040 guests online.
You'll be happy to know that The 2 Wheelers Den will be OPEN over Easter Weekend: Friday, Saturday & Monday from 7am - 1pm, Closed on Sunday. 23 York Street 074 218 0600.
The Coffee Bean, Multi Centre, Market St is open on all Sundays and the public holidays in April and May from 8 to 2. This Sunday you have a choice between Braised Beef or mild Chicken Curry.
NEW in-store at Cherry Red Upholstery in George !
Come pop into Cherry Red Upholstery in 54 Market street and have a look at all our new and upholstered furniture for sale!
All Hunting Gear available at Arms and Tackle Outdoorworld!
Arms & Tackle Outdoorworld in George has expanded their hunting section in store and now offers a wider variety of quality hunting gear, hunting clothing & equipment. | {
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HAS TO BE CHANGED
Poul Kjærholm (1929-1980) designed modern functionalist furniture that was praised for its understated elegance and clean lines. He studied at the School of Arts and Crafts in Copenhagen where he would later teach. He was also lecturer and professor in the furniture and interior design department at the Academy of Art from 1957-76. Although he was formally trained as a cabinetmaker, Kjærholm was a strong proponent for industrial production, and his work stands out among that of his Danish contemporaries because of his extensive use of steel frames rather than the traditional wood. He was quote as saying "I consider steel a material with the same artistic merit as wood and leather. I work quite deliberately with the fact that steel and stone age beautifully, just like wood and leather."
He did, however, design many of his seats in natural materials like cane, canvas, leather and rope. Over all these years he designed dozens of chairs, long chairs, and tables that became landmarks for Danish furniture design, including the famous, PK20, PK22 chair and the PK 24 Chaise Longue.
His designs are in the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the V&A Museum in London and other museum collections in Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Germany. His numerous awards include two Grand Prix at the Milan Trienale (1957 & 1960), the ID Award and the legendary Lunning Award (1958).
"Poul Kjærholm is a man whose modern, functionalistic approaches keep all extravagant tendencies towards luxury at bay." – Gerrit Rietveld
Interesting literature:
The Furniture of Poul Kjaerholm: Catalogue Raisonné, Michael Sheridan, Gregory R. Miller & Co., 2008
Filler - with spacer
Oscar Niemeyer bio gallery
Oscar Niemeyer body text | {
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You can't keep a good man down! Not to be put off by a MOCpages outage, The Singularity's most opinionated pilot is here to contest the skies of DA3. Again.
...in the combined forces quick-draw contest, which I've won 4 years running!
That's right. I'm just that sort of heroic type.
in the whole air force. Largely thanks to me of course!
Naturally I enjoy a brew and a chinwag in the mess with the rest of the lads.
But a true hero is ever ready for the call to action!
Once I've donned my personal flight helmet, I'm ready to take the fight to the enemy.
Rule compliance: 37 + 33 + 38 + 51 + 38 = 197 pieces total.
If you liked this before it got wiped, it'd be jolly nice of you to like it again.
AW 8 is today at 1pm (PDT)!
Love the face on this guy - he's got a Jay Leno-esqe chin. The helmet looks pretty good on him, too.
I dunno why but the proportions make me chuckle on this guy, looks very cool!
The boys and I completely cracked up when the helmet appeared. Might not have been the point, but thanks for the great build.
Such a glorious moustache for a chinwag-lovin-pilot. Great stuff Stuart! | {
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Q: Temperature dependency of charge carrier mobility and resistance in MOSFETs I am a little bit confused about this. I used to think that in regular conductors the resistance increases with an increase in temperature because the charge carriers collide more frequently and thus the mean velocity of them decreases.
In semiconductors we learned that an increase in temperature can lead to electrons in the valence band to gain sufficient thermal energy to move into the conduction band and therefore decreasing the resistance with increasing temperature.
I was looking into the temperature dependency propagation delay of CMOS logic. I found that the delay goes up with an increase in temperature. Can anyone explain why this is happening?
A: The temperature dependency of the propagation delay in CMOS logic is a complex phenomenon that is influenced by a number of different factors. In general, an increase in temperature can lead to an increase in the delay of CMOS logic gates for several reasons, including the following:
*
*Increased thermal noise: As the temperature increases, the thermal
energy of the electrons in the circuit also increases, which can
lead to an increase in the level of thermal noise. This noise can
interfere with the signals in the circuit and cause delays in the
propagation of the signals.
*Reduced device performance: As the temperature increases, the
performance of the transistors in the CMOS logic gates may decrease,
which can lead to slower switching times and longer delays in the
propagation of the signals.
*Increased leakage current: As the temperature increases, the leakage
current in the transistors may also increase, which can
cause additional delays in the propagation of the signals.
Overall, the temperature dependency of the propagation delay in CMOS logic is a complex phenomenon that is influenced by a variety of different factors. While an increase in temperature can sometimes lead to a decrease in resistance in semiconductors, it can also have negative impacts on the performance of CMOS logic gates and lead to increased delays in the propagation of signals.
A: Applying the statement about the resistance of intrinsic semiconductors to the CMOS device operation, the OP underestimates their confusion (I am a little bit confused ...).
The temperature dependency of the MOSFET channel resistance can be measured directly, or, the better approach, it can be derived from simulation, because the MOSFET device models are well established to correctly represent these values for a wide temperature range.
Let us simulate a 0.18um CMOS inverter, with NMOS (l=0.18u w=0.18u) and PMOS (l=0.18u w=0.45u).
The plots of drain-to-source resistance (RDSON) for both NMOS and PMOS devices have positive temperature coefficients. The resistance values grow almost linearly from 75KOhm @ 0°C to 109KOhm @125°C for NMOS and from 30KOhm @0°C to 42KOhm @125°C for PMOS.
This experimentally confirmed positive temperature coefficient in no way is at odds with the negative temperature coefficient of intrinsic semiconductors: the MOSFET channel is anything but pure semiconductor. The NMOS channel is doped with acceptor atoms, creating a p-type bulk; the PMOS channel is doped with donor atoms, creating an n-type bulk.
The behavior of doped (extrinsic) semiconductors in the electric field is different than the behavior of intrinsic semiconductors. Let us consider the behavior of an n-type doped semiconductor.
At low temperatures, when the donor sites do not receive enough energy to migrate to the conduction band, the extrinsic semiconductor behaves similarly to the intrinsic semiconductor. As the temperature is rising, typically at 200°K, the donors become ionized, and at room temperature all the donors are ionized.
Now, the quantity of donor-generated carriers in the conduction band is independent of temperature (all the donors are ionized), but the number of "intrinsic"-generated carriers (from the valence band) is still negligible in comparison with the dopant-generated carriers: the majority carrier concentration is made up of the donor electrons, and the resistivity is fully defined by mobility. The mobility of carriers decreases with increase in temperature because of phonon scattering. The mobility in silicon semiconductor is dominated by acoustic phonon interaction, and this time it is identical behavior for both the intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors.
As the temperature rises higher, above ~500°K, thermally generated electrons from the valence band overweigh the quantity of donor-generated electrons and the semiconductor again behaves as intrinsic.
For a p-type semiconductor (doped with acceptors) the consideration is similar, only the carriers are holes. Note that the hole mobility in silicon is also dominated by acoustic phonon interaction.
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Purchase digital downloads and a range of printed products of Stuart Aken's image - Washington, Sunderland.
A park in the original Washington, Sunderland in the north of England. Sunlight streams through these ancient hardwood trees. | {
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Jeanne d'Arc Living have created a romantic feminine range of clothing that we have fallen in love with at Jeanne d'Moore. Soft muted colour tones, in 100% cotton with lovely lace features that creates a look all of its own.
Jeanne d'Arc Living's French Nordic style clothing line has become a great success in Europe. The range is already proving popular in Australia. | {
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module WeatherObject
module Data
class NullPressure < NullConvertableUnits
def mb
nil
end
def in
nil
end
end
end
end
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Ian Schwarber, 38
Co-founder and chief strategy officer, DriveIT
Ian Schwarber learned how to pivot early in life.
A promising high school player in football and baseball, he had to redefine himself after a severe leg injury left him bedridden for a year. Schwarber describes the incident as a defining moment in his life.
"I think sports inadvertently led me to become exactly who I am, which is somebody who has a certain sense of resilience because I learned it early on that I had no choice but to," he said.
That's not the only time the Akron native — who was raised by innovative, venture-minded parents — would have to pivot.
He dropped out of the College of Charleston to pursue a music career when his band got signed to a record deal. When that didn't pan out, he returned to his hometown to earn degrees in political science and applied politics at the University of Akron. After graduating, Schwarber co-founded the EXL Center — where every student, no matter their major, could learn entrepreneurship skills — after pitching the idea to UA's then-president, Scott Scarborough.
"The gig economy demands that everybody have an entrepreneurial mindset to re-create themselves, to persevere," Schwarber said.
When new leadership at UA changed the direction, and funding, of the EXL Center, Schwarber pivoted yet again.
The timing of this shift, though, was great. In 2017, Schwarber teamed up with Software Guild co-founders Eric Wise and Eric Ward to start DriveIT, which offers IT training for mid-career professionals and courses in cybersecurity and data literacy.
And the Blockchain Cleveland movement that recently got off the ground really has Schwarber excited. He said DriveIT is working closely with organizers.
"It's pretty amazing to see something like that happen, and from a timing perspective it couldn't be better timed with what we're doing," he said.
To DriveIT, Schwarber's love for Akron is important.
"DriveIT is about making people and companies a better version of themselves, so having a passion for people and community is required, and Ian has that in spades," Wise said.
Schwarber, who lives in Akron with his wife, Mackenzie Justice, and their two young children, believes his pivots led him to the right place.
'I'm in a really good spot. It all seemed to work out as it was meant to work out," he said.
The Schwarber File
For the kids: As part of launching DriveIT, Schwarber and his co-founders established a nonprofit called EcosySTEM, which hopes to take the company's efforts into schools for free.
Entrepreneurial passion: "I do love it. I've always kind of had that, even when I started my band. Though I didn't realize it, it was certainly an entrepreneurial venture." | {
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Five Infrastructure Projects That Will Improve Connectivity To Navi Mumbai International Airport
by Amit Mishra - Oct 6, 2022 02:10 PM +05:30 IST
An illustration of Navi Mumbai International Airport. (@Sahilinfra2/Twitter)
An update on the Navi Mumbai International Airport and its connectivity projects.
Dr Sanjay Mukherjee, Vice Chairman and Managing Director, CIDCO (City and Industrial Development Corporation), in an interview with the Indian Express shared the update on a number of connectivity projects linked to the upcoming Navi Mumbai airport.
A look at these projects, their importance and current status:
Navi Mumbai International Airport (NMIA)
The NMIA is an ongoing project, being developed by Navi Mumbai International Airport Limited (NMIAL) as an international airport planned to cater to the growing air travel demand of Mumbai Metropolitan Region.
The project scope includes development of an international airport (in phases) with a capacity to handle minimum 60 million passengers per annum (MPPA) and 1.5 million tonnes cargo per annum.
NMIAL is a special purpose vehicle (SPV) formed for implementation of the project on design, build, finance, operate and transfer (DBFOT) basis with equity participation of Adani Airport Holdings Limited (AAHL), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Adani Enterprises Limited and CIDCO in 74:26 ratio.
The CIDCO has completed the land acquisition and handed over the land to the developer. The environment clearance is also on its way.
The project has achieved the financial closure, with the public sector lender, State Bank of India (SBI), underwriting the entire debt requirement of Rs 12,770 crore for the project.
The project was initially slated to be completed by 2021. Now, the deadline is 2024.
A series of road links such as Mumbai Trans Harbour Link (MTHL), Goregaon-Mulund Link Road (GMLR), Thane-Creek Bridge have been planned to improve connectivity to the airport.
The airport will also have water connectivity, with a jetty being part of the airport. This jetty will be connected to Bhaucha Dhakka (port) in Mumbai.
In the interview, Mukherjee also discussed five infrastructure projects that will improve connectivity to the Navi Mumbai International Airport.
Mumbai Trans Harbour Link (MTHL)
The MTHL is a 21.8-km six-lane two-carriageway bridge of which 16.11 km is a sea-link that will connect Sewri in South Mumbai to Chirle in Navi Mumbai.
Touted as India's longest sea bridge, it will provide direct access to the Navi Mumbai International Airport across the eastern seaboard.
CIDCO has completed the land acquisition and given the entire land free of cost to the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) — the nodal agency for constructing the project.
The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) is providing development loan assistance for the Rs 18,000 crore project.
Work on the project began in April 2018, and it is expected to be completed by mid-2023.
MTHL Coastal Road Project
The CIDCO has planned a 7.021-km-long coastal road from Amra Marg in Raigad district to MTHL Junction, including the Airport Link Road in the district.
The coastal road will provide direct connectivity between the MTHL and the Navi Mumbai International Airport. It will also serve the traffic demand arising out of the developments expected from Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust.
Of the total length of the road (7.021 km), 5.8 km is the coastal road and 1.2 km is the elevated Airport Link Road.
The project has received clearance from the state government's forest department. It is awaiting the nod of the Union Environment Ministry for diversion of forest land for the project.
Goregaon-Mulund Link Road
The 12.2-km GMLR is an elevated road which connects Goregaon in the western suburbs to Mulund in the eastern suburbs, and is the fourth major link connecting the eastern and western suburbs of Mumbai.
The tenders for the project which is being constructed by the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) are expected to be finalised soon.
The project is being implemented in four phases. The first phase of the project is expected to be completed in 2023. When completed, it will ease connectivity from western parts to the upcoming airport.
Thane-Creek Bridge (Vashi Bridge)
The Thane Creek Bridge 3, or TCB3 as it is known, comprises two separate three-laned bridges, each 1.8 km in length, being built across Thane Creek channel connecting Mumbai and Navi Mumbai by the Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation (MSRDC).
This is an expansion of the existing two bridges called as TCB1 and TCB2 to provide seamless travel to motorists between the two cities.
The work on bridge number 3 is jointly being done by MSRTC and CIDCO to ease congestion and improve connectivity to the airport. The work on the bridge is expected to be completed before October 2023.
Metro Rail
In order to strengthen the public transport system in Navi Mumbai even further, CIDCO is developing four elevated routes under the Navi Mumbai Metro (NMM).
The CIDCO has asked the Maha Metro to conduct preliminary studies and prepare feasibility report for directly connecting the upcoming airport to the existing line of NMM network.
Maha Metro
CIDCO
DBFOT
AAHL
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This eminent portraitist may have been born in Prague. Kupeck_'s portraits reveal a focus on the human soul that is a reflection of his Protestant artistic approach. There is a small museum dedicated to him in Pezinok.
Artist ID number in the Union List of Artist Names®: ULAN 500031050.
http://dac-collection.wesleyan.edu/art36516 is a persistent link to this page with no user-session information. | {
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These productions represent a selection of Ben Harrison's work since 1997.
The bulk of the productions have been for Grid Iron and the Almeida Theatre, with Decky Does a Bronco becoming a collaboration between the two.
Other works include Life with an Idiot for the Gate, The Man Who was Thursday for Red Shift, A Warning to the Curious for Eastern Angles and Horses, Horses, Coming In In All Directions for The Arches Theatre Company.
Ben trained as a theatre director at the Central School of Speech and Drama and was educated at the universities of Edinburgh, Amsterdam, Warwick and Venice.
In 2001 he was made a Fellow of the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts (NESTA) which supported his research and development until February 2005. | {
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http://www.glenwoodschoolemsworth.co.uk/site/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/First-World-War-Centenary-Battlefield-Tours-Programme-film-1.mp4
In March 2018, two pupils and a teacher from Glenwood School joined representatives from several other schools from S-E England on a four-day tour of WW1's Western Front. We were one of approximately 4000 secondary schools to have participated in this programme over four years to help young people more fully understand the scale of WW1 along the Western Front, raise awareness of The Great War and consider how it should be remembered 100 years on. Each day we had a focus question.
The coach arrived at Glenwood School, the pick-up point for Portsmouth and Havant schools, at 8am to collect the first group of pupils and teachers before travelling to Ashford, Kent via other pick-up points, arriving at Kingswood Activity Centre where we were shown to our rooms, met the rest of the group and had some team building activities.
Later, we learnt about what we would be doing during the tour and then looked at weaponry and artefacts from WW1. What started as a war with basic weapons, including horses and cavalry charges with swords, became a war of attrition and mass slaughter as it developed into the world's first mechanised war with machine guns, tanks, planes and battleships.
To illustrate the change in tactics, ideas and equipment, the war in 1914 was similar to how the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, also in Belgium, was fought. By the end of the war in 1918, particularly the final 100 days developments such as machine guns, tanks, planes – the RAF was created during WW1, flamethrowers, gas, aerial reconnaissance, the creeping barrage, buried listening equipment to accurately identify where German artillery was coming from so it could be destroyed and detailed planning all helped to finally defeat the Germans and much more quickly than thought possible, setting the scene for warfare in the 20th century.
The British in 1918 did not have a word for this rapid, successful, overwhelming method of fighting seen in the final 100 days. However, 21 years later in 1939, the Germans having learnt from their defeat in WW1, particularly during the final 100 days, used the highly effective Blitzkrieg (lightning war) to race through Europe in World War 2. General Heinz Guderian, who developed Blitzkrieg, said his ideas were based on the Allied attack on Amiens, France and the final 100 days.
Horses were used by both sides of the war. The British army used over 1,000,000 horses of which 400,000 were killed during the war and many more killed after the war due to their poor condition. Of 130,000 horses from Australia only one, named Stanley, returned to Australia. At the Battle of Verdun, 7000 horses were killed on one day.
Horses were used to carry ammunition, food, wood, medical supplies, pull wagons and guns etc. and were also used for cavalry charges. They were essential tools of war. (Flanders Museum)
On the Western Front, barbed wire and machine guns helped ensure that advances were measured in yards rather than miles and always at huge cost in lives on both sides often with the same piece of land being fought over several times. To illustrate that the front line did not move significantly during WW1, the first British soldier to be killed, John Parr (died 21st August 1914), and the last British soldier to be killed, George Edwin Ellison (died 11th November 1918) are buried in the same cemetery near Mons on the France / Belgium border; after four years of fighting and hundreds of thousands of deaths on the Western Front, neither side had made significant gains, ending the war virtually in the same place they had started.
Hell is not fire…Hell is mud
Le Bochofage, a French newspaper, wrote in March 1916 that "Hell is not fire … Hell is mud."
The shelling completely destroyed the drainage system in Flanders, a very flat area, so the water eventually turned the whole battlefield into a filthy, rat-infested swamp. In addition, in 1917 Ypres had the wettest autumn for 75 years, and the Battle of Passchendaele (31st July – 10th November 1917) is remembered for the mud with thousands of soldiers and horses drowning in water filled craters.
Soon after the start of the war, trenches began to appear as the only way to protect the soldiers from shelling and machine guns; in total, some 25,000 miles of trenches were dug along the Western Front, enough to circle our planet. Separating the warring sides was barbed wire, originally invented in the USA for herding cattle but here used as a weapon of war. In total some 3,000,000 miles of barbed wire was used, the distance to the Moon and back six times.
During the visit, we could see that from the point of view of the Germans, they thought the Western Front to be their new border so they prepared excellent, almost permanent, defences often on higher, usually drier ground which was easier to defend, as they thought they would need to defend their new 'border' for many years. However, the British strategy was about attacking and pushing the Germans back to Germany and so their trenches were more temporary and less well made. Because the Germans arrived first, they had picked the best land so the British were left to dig their trenches in the lower, poorly drained, wetter, muddier, harder to defend areas and as the war dragged on, mud became as much the enemy as the Germans.
Simon,, the course leader tells the group what will be happening during the tour
An early WW1 rifle
Wire cutters used for cutting barbed wire. German barbed wire can still be found across the Western Front as it was made much better than British barbed wire.
Battle of the duvet cover!
We also learnt to use the Commonwealth War Graves Commission website to locate fallen soldiers from Emsworth. We located Second Lieutenant R.G.W. Gillham who lived in Southleigh Road, Emsworth and he has an inscription on a wall, along with 44,000 other names of those with no known grave, at Tyne Cot, near Passchendaele.
Monday 5th March:
FOCUS QUESTION: How did the First World war affect ordinary people?
An early start saw us heading through the Channel Tunnel and to Lijssenthoek Cemetery where we learnt about this huge, 4000 bed field hospital. It took approximately one day for a soldier wounded in the trenches to get to the hospital which was located here due to the vicinity of the railway line. We learnt from a RAF helicopter pilot about the 'Golden Hour' in modern warfare; the time taken to get a casualty from the battlefield to hospital to improve the chance of survival. Unusually for a war cemetery, almost every grave has a name as most soldiers who came here had some identification so if they died, the grave could be marked.
Lijssenthoek Military Cemetery contains 10,785 graves of which just 35 are unnamed.
We learnt about Fabian Ware, a foresighted British officer who saw the need to ensure the sacrifice of hundreds of thousands of service personnel was suitably recorded and, if possible, the bodies identified and buried with their fallen comrades. This monumental task led to the creation of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission, which now has responsibility for remembering 1.7 million men and women who have died in the service of Britain and the Commonwealth in 23,000 locations in 150 countries around the world.
Fabian Ware, whose work helped ensure that the soldiers who gave their lives would never be forgotten. (© Commonwealth War Graves Commission)
Prior to WW1 British soldiers killed abroad e.g. at the Battle of Waterloo were usually buried in mass graves or cremated on huge fires, mainly to stop the spread of disease, and then often forgotten. Those that were buried in a proper grave were frequently dug up by locals once the British army had left, to rob the graves and remove all traces of 'the enemy'. During WW1, Fabian Ware and his small team working in dreadful conditions, removing bodies and parts of bodies from battlefields, sometimes under fire, changed the way the British people and the Government remembered the fallen.
Click here to see Prowse Point cemetery
Proswe Point cemetery is the only cemetery to be named after a soldier, Major Charles Prowse, who was killed on the first day of the Battle of The Somme. There are four CWGC cemeteries in this small area of just a few fields where hundreds of soldiers on both sides died. Listen to the birds singing and contrast this to the terrible conditions 100 years ago.
Planning for cemeteries was well advanced by the end of the war with staff from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew visiting the Western Front to decide on suitable plants which would grow in the soil and climate but also, where possible represent the nations where the dead soldiers came from. For example, at Tyne Cot, thousands of English roses have been planted so wherever the sun shines, the shadow of an English rose will fall across every English soldiers' grave.
An aspect of the war cemeteries of both sides is that they survived largely intact during the horrors of WW2. Whilst there are few German cemeteries, there are dozens of CWGC cemeteries in this area The German High Command issued a directive to its troops ordering them not to damage British cemeteries so apart from some relatively minor damage to The Menin Gate from rifle fire and shell damage and damage to some other cemeteries, the fighting of WW2 largely passed them by.
Learning about the 'Golden Hour' in evacuating wounded personnel from a RAF helicopter pilot.
Each post shows the number of soldiers who died at Lijssenthoek on a particular day. As it took 24 hours to reach the hospital from the front line, it illustrates the extent of the fighting on the previous day. Some posts have over 100 notches .
There is post for every day of the war.
The grave of Private Donald Snaddon, aged 15. He is the same age as the two pupils standing by his grave.
Click here to find out more about Lijssenthoek Military Cemetery at the Commonwealth War Graves Commission's website
Lijssenthoek Military Cemetery. It contains the grave of Nurse Nellie Spindler killed at the Battle of Passchendaele – one of only two women buried in Belgium, the Canadian Major General Malcolm Mercer – one of the highest ranking officers to be killed in WW1 and Private Donald Snaddon, aged 15, the youngest soldier in the cemetery. (© Commonwealth War Graves Commission)
We then moved onto Passchendaele Memorial Museum.
Outside the museum. Here we learnt about the trenches and how weapons developed as the war progressed and some aspects of what is like for the ordinary soldier.
Walking through reconstructed trenches. In reality, the trenches were often muddy and rat infested. Because the land may have been fought over several times, sometimes bones and even corpses from previous battles could be seen in the sides of the trenches.
German machine gun post. The German machine gun posts were well fortified.
Selection of machine guns used in WW1. Machine guns could fire 600 rounds a minute over approximately one mile. The Germans were expert machine gunners. Many soldiers died seconds after leaving their trenches.
Cross-section through Passchendaele. The red shapes indicate the approximate lines of German concrete machine gun posts built at the beginning of the war; remember the Germans got here first and so were able to plan their defences long before the British and their allies arrived. As a line of bunkers were captured, the Germans simply retreated to the next line of bunkers and so the fighting would continue. This helps explain why British and allied forces lost so many soldiers over relatively small areas when attacking fortified sites such as Passchendaele and the Somme.
Remains of fortifications can be found throughout Flanders.
On 7th June 1917, a series of huge mines exploded under the German lines at the Battle of the Messine Ridge. The explosions were heard in Britain. In this CWGC cemetery, Voormezeele Enclosure No. 3, many of the graves are dated 7th June – 14th June 1917. Many of these soldiers would have witnessed the greatest man-made explosions.
The grave of Private William Darnell. Died 7th June 1917. Voormezelee Enclosure No.3.
The grave of Private J Furfey. Died 7th June 1917. Voormezeele Enclosure No.3
The Spanbroekmolen Crater, one of many huge water filled craters which destroyed the German fortifications on the Messine Ridge on 7th June 1917. It is approximately 76 metres across (250 ft) and 12 metres deep (40 ft). Coal-miners constructed tunnels under the German lines and filled them with hundreds of tonnes of explosives. This was incredibly dangerous work. 19 mines exploded but three failed to explode. One of these mines exploded a few years ago when lightening hit the ground but the location of the remaining two mines is unknown.
One of the German machine gun bunkers destroyed by a Messine Ridge mine.
In the evening we went to the Menin Gate inscribed with the names of 54,896 British and Commonwealth soldiers with no known grave. This memorial was built after the war ended, marking the road to the front line through which most of the soldiers destined for the trenches near Ieper (Ypres) passed. Every night at 8pm the local fire brigade play the Last Post in memory of the fallen. Ieper was of major importance in the war and five major battles were fought nearby, including Passchendaele.
Afterwards we went to a shop selling Belgium chocolate!
Click here to find out more about The Menin Gate at the Commonwealth War Graves Commission's website
The road to the Western Front. The Menin Gate in the distance was built to commemorate the soldiers who passed along this road and did not return. It has inscribed the names of 54,000 soldiers who have no known grave.
The Menin Gate. Soldiers killed before 14th August 1917 had their names inscribed here and after this date the names were inscribed at Tyne Cot.
Members of the Belgium Fire Brigade preparing to play The Last Post.
The Menin Gate contains 54,896 names of soldiers with no known grave, many of whom simply disappeared into the water-filled shell-holes.
Looking at some of the names of 'The Missing".
The Chocolate Shop
The Menin Gate, Ieper (Ypres) © Commonwealth War Graves Commission)
Throughout the Western Front there are many of these green signs indicating a CWGC cemetery. The land of the cemeteries has been given to Britain by the French and Belgium governments.
Throughout the Western Front, bodies are still being discovered. (In Flanders Fields Museum, Ieper)
The inscription above The Menin Gate reads
"AD MAJOREM DEI GLORIUM – HERE ARE RECORDED THE NAMES OF OFFICERS AND MEN WHO FELL IN THE YPRES SALIENT, BUT TO WHOM THE FORTUNE OF WAR DENIED THE KNOWN AND HONOURED BURIAL GIVEN TO THEIR COMRADES IN DEATH."
The Latin phrase means 'To the greater glory of God'.
Click here to see a clip of Ieper, the Menin Gate and the Road to The Western Front
Near Ieper is the site of a 1914 Christmas truce. British and German soldiers played football, exchanged gifts and collected their dead. Once over, the killing continued. Senior officers on both sides prevented such truces happening again.
Football fans often leave football-related items. The trenches here have been completely filled in.
Returning to our focus question: How did the war affect ordinary people?, it appears to be highly likely that no community in the British Isles was left untouched by the war. In 1914, Emsworth was a small town with a population of approximately 2,500. Assuming the average family size at this time was between 5-6 i.e. two parents and 3-4 children* then this equates to approximately 450 families living in Emsworth, several of whom would be closely related and given 135 residents of Emsworth were killed in the fighting during WW1, then approximately one third of the families lost a family member. In addition, given how close knit communities were 100 years ago, it is reasonable to assume that most families would have been affected several times by the loss of a family member be it a son, father, uncle, cousin or nephew or the loss of neighbours, friends or work colleagues during the duration of the war.
Emsworth was to some extent unusual in that approximately 45% of those who went to war were killed, whereas the national average was 15% of those who left their town or village never returned. This was because many of those from Emsworth fought at sea, such as the Battle of Jutland, where there were usually few if any survivors if a Royal Navy warship was sunk.
*A Century of Change in Trends in UK Statistics since 1900, House of Commons Research Paper, 1999
There are over 77,000 war memorials in the United Kingdom (Imperial War Museum's register of war memorials) and they are now an established feature of our villages, towns and cities.
War memorial at Chilham Church, near Canterbury, Kent
Apart from the traditional type of memorial such as the memorial at Chilham Church, above, there are many reminders of WW1 around the country, some quite unusual. One example is an original WW1 tank given to the town of Ashford, Kent at the end of the War.
245, The 'Ashford' Tank. The only surviving WW1 tank on public display in the UK.
Poppies laid on 245, The 'Ashford' Tank
Tuesday 6th March:
FOCUS QUESTION: Was the Battle of The Somme in 1916 really a disaster for the British Army?
Today we travelled to France to learn about the Battle of The Somme, the first day of which was the bloodiest day in the history of the British Army with 57,940 casualties including 19,240 killed, most of whom died in the first hour. The Battle of the Somme lasted 141 days and was fought over across just 18 miles of countryside.
The British Army did not want to have the battle so early but due to the high probability of the destruction of the French Army at Verdun, it was decided that the Battle of The Somme was brought forward to draw German troops away from Verdun and in doing so, helped save what was left of the French Army in that area and ensure that France did not fall.
Our first stop was Beaumont-Hamel, a preserved battlefield where we learnt about the tactics used by the British and Commonwealth armies. Following a two-week barrage of millions of shells on the German lines, the British and Commonwealth commanders mistakenly believed the German defenses had been destroyed. However, by the time of the Battle of The Somme in 1916 the German Army had already occupied this land for two years; plenty of time to know how best to defend it and also build extremely effective concrete machine gun posts and concrete bunkers, many up to 15 metres underground, which were largely untouched by the shelling. In addition, the shelling did not cut the barbed wire, but possibly worse, made it even more tangled. The British commanders did not know they were sending their troops to almost certain death and because of poor communication and limited intelligence from the battlefield they were unable to adapt their battleplan and so wave after wave of soldiers were sent to their deaths.
Arriving at Beaumont -Hamel,a battlefield fought over by troops from Newfoundland, now part of Canada. This is a map of the battlefield. Our tour was selected to be filmed by UCL for a documentary about the Legacy 110 project.
Bob, our guide, a former Royal Marine and Falkland's veteran talks about Beaumont-Hamel and the Newfoundland Regiment.
The German front line. 15 metres below are concrete bunkers that allowed the Germans to withstand two weeks of continuous shelling.
The site may still have unexploded ammunition.
Newfoundland Memorial at Beaumont-Hamel. The Newfoundland Regiment was almost entirely wiped out.
Hawthorne Ridge Cemetery. Studying the map shows we are very close to Sunken Lane and the Thievpal Memorial. Hawthorne Ridge was the scene of a massive explosion which was filmed by the news reporter, Geoffrey Malins.
Click here to find out more about Beaumont-Hamel Cemetery at the Commonwealth War Graves Commission's website.
The 51st (Highland) Division Memorial. There are several cemeteries and memorials at Beaumont-Hamel.
We also visited Sunken Lane, made famous by a news reporter, Geoffery Mallins, who photographed the 1st Lancashire Fusiliers preparing to 'go over the top'. Here we walked in their footsteps and saw how quickly they were killed by German machine guns about 1000m away. The bombardment of the German lines stopped at 07:20. The Germans knew then that an attack was likely, came out of their deeply buried concrete bunkers and set up their machine guns so when, at 07:30 the order for the 1st Lancashire Fusiliers to attack was given, the machine gunners opened fire killing most of the British soldiers in seconds. The Lancashire Fusiliers are buried in this field.
Bottom right photograph; the trees on the skyline are the site of the massive Hawthorne Ridge explosion, one of a series of explosions heard as far away as London. The photographs on the left and top right are soldiers of the 1st Lancashire Fusiliers waiting in Sunken Lane.
Standing in Sunken Lane where soldiers of the 1st Lancashire Fusiliers waited. Shortly after these photos were taken, most of them lay dead or dying.
Relatives of the fallen still visit Sunken Lane.
Bob, our guide, a former Royal Marine and Falkland's veteran, tells us what it is like to go into battle and how the soldiers may have tried to keep themselves calm. Sunken Lane is on the left of the photograph and we are standing where the 1st Lancashire Fusiliers died.
Lunch at Avril's Tea Room.
Behind the cafe is a WW1 trench which we explored.
In one area of the battlefield, a German soldier described the initial attack. His description shows just how much the British commanders underestimated the quality of the German defences and the ineffectiveness of days of bombardment and the tactics chosen.
When the English started advancing, we were very worried; they looked as though they must overrun our trenches. We were very surprised to see them walking, we had never seen that before. I could see them everywhere; there were hundreds. The officers were in front. I noticed one of them walking calmly, carrying a walking stick. When we started firing, we just had to load and reload. They went down int their hundreds. You didn't have to aim, we just fired into them. If only they had run they would have defeated us. (Musketier Karl Blenker, German soldier).
We then moved onto Caterpillar Valley Cemetery, one of dozens of WW1 cemeteries in this area of France. Here we studied the headstones to help understand how a battle was able to continue, initially using troops from different parts of Britain followed by troops from different parts of the Commonwealth. It was from here that a New Zealand solider was exhumed and laid to rest in Tomb of the Unknown Warrior, at the National War Memorial, Wellington, New Zealand.
Caterpillar Valley Cemetery
There are soldiers from many different countries buried in Caterpillar Valley Cemetery showing how as one nation's soldiers were killed, reinforcements from another country were brought in to continue the battle with the Germans.
The Iron Harvest – thousands of shells are still found every year. Farmers leave them by the roadside for the local Police to collect. Some tractors have armour plating to protect against an explosion.
Click here to find out more about Caterpillar Valley cemetery from the Commonwealth War Graves Commission's website
The soldier in this grave was chosen to be returned to New Zealand. He is one of over 1600 unknown New Zealand soldiers buried in Caterpillar Valley Cemetery. His body now lies in the Tomb of the Unknown Warrior, at the National War Memorial, Wellington, New Zealand. (© Commonwealth War Graves Commission)
Our visit to The Battle of The Somme concluded with a visit to the huge Thiepval Memorial, built on a site which saw particularly fierce fighting and has inscribed the names of 72,194 soldiers of British and South African forces who have no known grave.
The Battle of The Somme: The bloodiest day of the British Army
The Thiepval Memorial is built on a hill, the site of particularly fierce fighting.
The Thiepval Memorial
The Thiepval Memorial to the Missing of The Somme
Click here to find out more about the Thiepval Memorial to the Missing of The Somme at the Commonwealth War Graves Commission's website
The Thiepval Memorial to the Missing of The Somme commemorating 72,194 British and South African soldiers with no known grave. (© Commonwealth War Graves Commission)
In the evening we learnt about equipment, rations and clothing worn by troops during WW1 and today's troops. The long coat worn by British soldiers was quite impractical for wet weather as it soaked up the water and became very heavy to wear.
An early WW1 gas mask was very hot to wear and the goggles steamed up so it was difficult to see where you were going.
Equipment carried by British troops during WW1.
The long coat worn by British soldiers soaked up the water and dragged in the mud.
Modern British uniform.
Modern protective chemical weapons clothing
Modern protective chemical weapons clothing.
We also talked about our focus question: Was the Battle of The Somme in 1916 really a disaster for the British Army? There were different opinions about the Battle of The Somme, particularly the first day. We need to remember that the Battle of The Somme was never meant to start when it did; the attack was brought forward to assist the French Army which was under incredible pressure at Verdun and if Verdun fell then there was a danger that France would fall as well.
By starting the Battle of The Somme early, German forces had to leave Verdun and move to The Somme and so the French Army was then better able to defend the city and possibly save France. Also, the commanders of the British and Commonwealth troops did not really know what they were up against as this was a battle on a scale that up until then was beyond the experience of the commanders and, with limited information from the battlefield they were unable to adapt their battle plan to cope with changing circumstances.
To win the War, the Allies had to destroy a bigger, stronger defensive line. On the France / Belgium border was the 400 mile Hindenburg Line, built by the Germans to mark the new border of a greater Germany and the last line of defense, making it the strongest defensive, supposedly impregnable (impossible to capture), line in the world and in order to win the war quickly, the Hindenburg Line had to be destroyed.
The commanders learnt important lessons from the Battle of The Somme that eventually helped the Allies destroy the Hindenburg Line and finally defeat the Germans.
Wednesday 6th March:
FOCUS QUESTION: Is remembrance more or less important 100 years on?
The first part of the day was spent at the Coming World Remember Me workshop. The workshop is part of a commemoration art programme similar to the Tower of London Poppies project. Every pupil from the four thousand schools from England that have taken part in these visits created a pottery figure which will form part of a memorial to the 600,000 killed in Flanders in WW1.
Making the clay figure.
600,000 figures will be made and go on display throughout Europe.
All 8000 pupils who have taken part in the visits to the Western front have made a clay model.
Completed models ready for the kiln.
We then moved onto Langemark Cemetery, a WW1 German cemetery. There is a total of 44,294 bodies buried here, about half of which are unidentified.
The grass area is a mass grave containing about 24,000 bodies. It is called The Comrades' Grave.
The inscription reads "I call your name and now you are mine."
Concrete machine gun posts from WW1 form part of the cemetery.
Under each stone is the remains of eight German soldiers. This cemetery is very different from CWGC cemeteries with rows of white Portland stone headstones, each containing one body, even if unidentified.
Thousands of names are inscribed on oak panels
Standing in Hitler's steps. Adolf Hitler came through this gate in 1940 when he visited Langemark Cemetery.
Two British soldiers are buried in the German Military Cemetery, Langemark. In death, soldiers often treated the bodies of their enemy respectfully. In many CWGC cemeteries there are also graves of German soldiers. (© Commonwealth War Graves Commission)
German soldiers buried in a British cemetery.
The Esquelbec Military Cemetery is located in a small French cemetery near Calais, the Notre Dame cemetery. French and British soldiers fought side by side. Here a British soldier is buried with French soldiers. Notice the green CWGC sign.
French and British soldiers fought side by side. Here a British soldier is buried in a French cemetery.
Our final visit was to the largest Commonwealth cemetery in the world, Tyne Cot, also called the Silent City due to the huge numbers commemorated here, with 11,954 graves of which about 7,000 are unknown and simply say ' A Soldier of the Great War. Known unto God'. In addition, there are over 34,000 names on the Memorial to the Missing carved onto a stone panel 150 metres in length. The stone panel has the following inscription:
1914 – HERE ARE RECORDED THE NAMES OF OFFICERS AND MEN OF THE ARMIES OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE WHO FELL IN YPRES SALIENT, BUT TO WHOM THE FORTUNE OF WAR DENIED THE KNOWN AND HONOURED BURIAL GIVEN TO THEIR COMRADES IN DEATH – 1918
Once this area was captured the largest blockhouse / pillbox became a field dressing station and when injured soldiers died they were buried here. After the war ended, soldiers buried in the surrounding area were exhumed and reburied here, eventually making this the CWGC's largest cemetery in the world. The cemetery includes several more blockhouses which are still in remarkably good condition, an indication of just how well constructed were the Germans defences and the huge sacrifice necessary to capture them.
Click here to see a clip of a German bunker and some of the 12,000 graves at Tyne Cot
The Great Cross of Sacrifice was built over a German blockhouse after a suggestion by King George V during a visit in 1922. We located Second Lieutenant R.G.W. Gillham's inscription at Tyne Cot. Previously, he lived in Southleigh Road, Emsworth. His name is also on the War Memorial in Emsworth.
Every one of the 4000 schools of this programme has been able to find the name of a local soldier killed during WW1 at Tyne Cot, showing that no part of the country was untouched by the war.
The Great Cross of Sacrifice was built over a German blockhouse, part of which can be seen – the grey circle.
The inscription of Second Lieutenant Reginald George William Gillham at Tyne Cot. Previously, he lived in Southleigh Road, Emsworth. His name is also on the War Memorial in Emsworth. He was only 22 when he died.
Visitors leave crosses and wreathes for fallen relatives.
The Stone of Remembrance is a feature of most of the British and Commonwealth military cemeteries and memorials and shows that there are at least 500 graves in the cemetery.
The words carved on every Stone of Remembrance, "Their Name Liveth For Evermore", were suggested by Rudyard Kipling. The phrase is taken from Ecclesiasticus, Chapter 44, verse 14: "Their bodies are buried in peace; but their name liveth for evermore". Rudyard Kipling's son, John was killed at the Battle of Loos; his body was never found.
Before we left, Simon spoke about the aims of the tour, we talked about what we had seen and learnt and what we hoped to do when we got back to school to let others know about the importance of ensuring we never forget the sacrifice made 100 years ago.
Second Lieutenant Reginald George William Gillham of Southleigh Road, Emsworth
King George V visits Tyne Cot in 1922. Notice the wooden crosses. The white Portland stone headstones did not start appearing for several years. (© Commonwealth War Graves Commission)
Tyne Cot Cemetery (© Commonwealth War Graves Commission)
Tyne Cot Cemetery with The Great Cross of Sacrifice (© Commonwealth War Graves Commission)
Tyne Cot Memorial and Graves (© Commonwealth War Graves Commission)
Centenary of The Battle of Passchendaele, July 2017 (© Commonwealth War Graves Commission)
Tyne Cot Memorial (© Commonwealth War Graves Commission)
Click here to find out more about Tyne Cot Memorial from the Commonwealth War Graves Commission's website
Click here to find out more about Tyne Cot Cemetery from the Commonwealth War Graves Commission's website
Before we left for our coaches and the return to the UK, Bob read the following:
There is something sacred about a battlefield. Often it is a place where history has changed course, like the point on a long march, where the compass needle is consulted and a new bearing set. But greater than historical significance is the human element. It is the place where men have died – for it has been mostly men – en masse and in the prime of their youth and strength.
Soldiers don't fight for history, rarely for country and certainly not for governments. they fight because their regiment places them in harm's way and their regiment is family. They fight for their mates. In the last stand, they fight for their lives. It is the individual stories of courage that touch us and sanctify the spot.
A battlefield is sacred because it is the point in time and space where soldiers confronted the most intimate of demons and angels. It is the place where, however frightened, they mustered all that they were and faced death.
Major Nigel Price (Falklands veteran)
7th Duke of Edinburgh's Own Gurkha Rifles
(John McCrae, May 1915)
John McCrae wrote this poem after burying one of his friends during the Second Battle of Ypres but then threw it away. Had it not been picked up by another soldier it would have been lost forever. John McCrae died on 28th January 1918 and was buried in northern France. This poem later helped make the poppy the symbol of remembrance.
For the Fallen
They shall grow not old, as we that are left grow old:
(Laurence Binyon, September 1914)
A Soldier's story
For young people today, WW1 seems like a very long time ago but the last surviving soldier of WW1, Harry Patch, died only a few years ago in 2009. So, whilst all veterans such as Harry have now passed away, their children and grandchildren can retell some of the stories learnt first hand from these brave people.
Shooting Team – 1904
The little boy, William, is the grandfather of the teacher who participated in this trip; he is five years old. William was born in Belfast, Ireland. William was the mascot of this shooting team. His father is the soldier standing on the right, the team's instructor. Soldiers who were good shots were paid extra. Notice most soldiers have a moustache; up until 1916 it was Army regulations that soldiers had to have a moustache but this was later dropped as unimportant and also because it got in the way of making sure the gas mask fitted properly.
Whilst governments across the world looked on in horror as Europe began the descent into total war, the civilian populations, particularly in Germany, France and Britain, celebrated and men rushed to enlist. William was one such example. In 1914, 10 years after the photo above was taken, aged just 15, William lied about his age, enlisted in the Army and was sent to the Western Front. A pupil recently brought in a photo of his great-great grandfather who was just 14 when he went to war. These are just two of the 250,000 boys who joined up, of whom almost half were killed, wounded or taken prisoner. During our visit, we went to the grave of Donald Snaddon, aged just 15 when he was killed.
William, a skilled horseman, fought on the Western Front, riding into battle in the First Battle of Ypres in 1914. Here he was wounded by a bayonet and returned to England to recover. In 1915 he was sent to Mesopotamia, now called Iraq, to fight the Ottoman Empire which was on Germany's side. William has badly injured by a horse and evacuated; had he not been injured and evacuated he would have been captured at the Siege of Kut, along with thousands of British and Indian soldiers shortly afterwards and probably died in the forced march through the desert or killed, the fate of most of these captured troops. At the end of WW1, William, now aged 19, was back in the trenches at Ypres, where he first started four years earlier.
William survived WW1 but never spoke of time as a boy soldier. He was one of the lucky ones; his brother, Henry Cecil Pratley was killed in August 1915, aged 20 and is remembered on the Menin Gate. William also lost 5 cousins. One such cousin is Daniel Martin, killed on the Somme. Along with tens of thousands of his comrades, Daniel's body was never found.
Daniel Martin, with his wife, Hannah, January 1916. Daniel was killed on the Somme, 12th October 1916. Daniel was William's cousin.
During WW1, many people in Ireland thought men who joined the British army to be traitors. Daniel enlisted in one of the many Irish regiments, the 1st Battalion Royal Irish Fusiliers. He is remembered on the Thiepval Memorial to the Missing of the Somme but sadly there is no memorial to him in Ireland due to hostility at the time to these men who supported the British army so helped maintain British rule in Ireland.
The Unknown Warrior "They buried him among the Kings"
At the end of the war many families wanted their dead relatives returned to Britain but only the very wealthy could afford to do this. The Government believed that all the fallen should be treated the same regardless of rank or family wealth and buried near where they fell alongside their comrades. It would also be almost impossible to return all the bodies as there would be thousands of dead soldiers returning for many years, requiring special ships and trains, with local cemeteries likely to run out of space as well as being bad for morale in post-war Britain with, what would seem to be, a never ending number of funerals.
However, this did not help the families as they had no grave in their local cemetery to visit, assuming the body had been found and identified. The question was, how could people mourn their loss? The Reverend David Railton had the idea of one UNKNOWN soldier representing ALL the dead when he saw a simple wooden cross on a battlefield saying "An Unknown British Soldier".
To choose an UNKNOWN British soldier, teams of soldiers, who did not know why they were were doing this very unpleasant task, were sent to the major battlefields to exhume (dig up) the remains of four unknown British soldiers. The battlefields chosen were the Somme, Ypres (includes Passchendaele), Arras and the Aisne. The bones of these soldiers were placed in sacks and taken to a French church. This was all done in the strictest secrecy and no paper records were kept.
Once in the church, the sacks were laid on separate tables. A British officer, Brigadier-General Wyatt, who was blindfolded, placed his hand on one of the sacks; this soldier was to be the Unknown Warrior. The remaining three sets of bones were taken away and buried nearby.
The bones of the selected soldier were placed in a coffin made from an oak tree from Hampton Court Palace. The coffin was then taken to a railway carriage, known as the Edith Cavell* van, and guarded by French soldiers. A Union Flag covered the coffin. On the coffin were the words;
A British Warrior who fell in the Great War 1914-1918 for King and Country.
*Edith Cavell was a British nurse working in Belgium caring for wounded British and Allied soldiers and occasionally German soldiers. She was executed by a German firing squad in 1915 for helping injured British soldiers escape from German-occupied Belgium. At the end of the War her coffin was exhumed to be returned to Britain. When the grave was opened the remains of a German soldier were found on top of her coffin. It is thought that this soldier was part of the firing squad but he refused to shoot Nurse Cavell and was subsequently executed as well. The carriage that brought her body back to Britain was named the Edith Cavell van.
The train carrying the Unknown Warrior travelled through Northern France to the French port of Boulogne where it went on a horse drawn carriage accompanied by thousands of French people, a band of the French cavarly and a division of French soldiers to the British warship HMS Verdun. Crossing the English Channel, HMS Verdun was accompanied by six destroyers to Dover. The coffin then went by train to to London. Throughout the journey, both in France and Britain, the stations and docks were lined by many thousands of people paying their respects.
The grave is filled with 100 barrels of soil from the Western Front and the black marble tablet came from Belgium.
Because there was no record of where this soldier was found or any other identifying feature, for those families for whom there is no grave on the Western Front, there is the possibility that the Unknown Warrior may be their father, husband or son.
In 1921, the Unknown Warrior was given the United States of America's highest military medal, the Medal of Honour.
As is customary, in Royal weddings, the bridal bouquet is placed on the Tomb of the Unknown Warrior.
The Tomb of the Unknown Warrior, buried in Westminster Abbey among Kings and Queens, is one of the most famous tombs in the world.
The Tomb of the Unknown Warrior, Westminster Abbey (© Commonwealth War Graves Commission)
Beneath this stone rests the body
Of a British warrior
Unknown by name or rank
Brought from France to lie among
The most illustrious of the land
And buried here on Armistice Day
11 Nov: 1920, in the presence of
His Majesty King George V
His Ministers of State
The Chiefs of his forces
And a vast concourse of the nation
Thus are commemorated the many
Multitudes who during the Great
War of 1914 – 1918 gave the most that
Man can give life itself
For God
For loved ones home and empire
For the sacred cause of justice and
The freedom of the world
They buried him among the kings because he
Had done good toward God and toward
Below is a short clip of our tour
http://www.glenwoodschoolemsworth.co.uk/site/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/From-the-classroom-to-the-battlefield-_-UCL-Institute-of-Education.mp4
Apart from a whole-school assembly and a photographic display of the trip, our project was to visit the War Memorial in Emsworth, which listed those who have died in the service of our country from WW1 to the present day to find out the addresses of where the WW1 soldiers once lived and write to the present occupants to say that a fallen soldier of WW1 once lived at their address.
The Emsworth War Memorial
To see a complete list of all those who have sacrificed their lives and are remembered on the Emsworth War Memorial's ' Roll of Honour', please click the link below.
Emsworth Memorial Garden – Roll of Honour
Emsworth Memorial Garden (© Friends of Emsworth Memorial Garden)
For further information about World War 1 visit the Remembrance Centre, Portsmouth. The museum is located near Hilsea railway station in one of the fortifications built approximately 1860 and collectively known locally as the Hilsea Lines. Entry is free to individuals but there is a small charge to school groups. Please check the Centre is open before your visit.
WW1 Remembrance Centre, Portsmouth
You may also like to visit the Historic Dockyard for a detailed display of the Battle of Jutland, during which many Emsworth sailors died, and Fort Nelson where you can see the world's largest surviving military gun, the 200 tonne Railway Howitzer. | {
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WASHINGTON, D.C. – Congressman Scott Peters (CA-52) continued his week-long effort to convince Speaker John Boehner that the House of Representatives should not adjourn today. This afternoon, Rep. Peters called for a vote on H.R. 3992, the "Wildfire Disaster Funding Act," which would allow firefighting agencies like the Forest Service to access natural disaster contingency funds when fighting catastrophic fires instead of taking from internal program funds, much of which would have been used in prevention efforts for future years.
Rep. Peters is a cosponsor of the "Wildfire Disaster Funding Act," and earlier this summer led his colleagues in a petition demanding a vote on the bill, which currently has 196 of the 218 necessary signatories. The "Wildfire Disaster Funding Act is truly bipartisan bill, with 75 Democratic cosponsors and 61 Republican cosponsors. | {
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St. George & Port Richmond
Gourmet Coffee Fans Savor a Staten Island Blend
By Nicholas Rizzi | May 8, 2012 8:21am
@nickr15
Joseph Ferrara, 24, grew up around the business and became vice president after graduating college. He said he's involved with every aspect of the business.
DNAinfo/Nicholas Rizzi
STATEN ISLAND — Amid the old steel works and looming warehouses beside the Bayonne Bridge, there's a heady aroma of roasting coffee that seems out of place.
Fans of gourmet beans might head to Park Slope and Williamsburg, but searching Staten Island for single-origin, organic Honduran produce has never been considered productive.
But, unknown to all but the most clued-in shoppers, a tiny roaster has been producing high-quality beans for years in Mariners Harbor.
Unique Coffee Roasters, the only roaster on the island, was started by James Ferrara, 50, in his garage in Staten Island in 1995.
At that time, Ferrara had to drive his green beans into Brooklyn to roast them. Then he'd drive them home, grind and bag them, then do it all over again.
Joseph Ferrara, who helps run the company with his dad, gets pounds of green coffee beans from all over the world, including Mexico, Italy and Ethiopia.
Eventually, he bought his own roaster and moved to a building on Richmond Terrace. In late 2000, he moved to Unique's current spot down the road.
His son, Joseph Ferrara, 24, started working at the roaster in high school, sweeping floors before moving on to bagging and roasting. He eventually became the vice president when he graduated from Wagner College.
"I knew from the 8th grade that I wanted to do coffee," he said.
"I've been around this business all my life. It's something that engulfed me."
Unique Coffee typically roasts 8,000 to 12,000 pounds of coffee during an eight-hour shift. They bag it by hand, then sell it from their website and in 4,000 retail stores around the country, including Stop & Shop, T.J. Maxx, Bed Bath and Beyond, Marshalls and Homegoods.
Their beans can also be bought from 350 stores in Canada, 17 countries in Scandinavia and recently Korea and China.
In addition to coffee under the Unique label, the roaster grinds private-label java for several supermarkets and gourmet shops in Manhattan. They also sell coffee to several local shops, including Royal Crown Bakery in South Beach and Pasticceria Bruno in West Brighton.
And while business has been steadily growing, the rising price of coffee beans have made it increasingly difficult for the company.
"Coffee prices went up dramatically last year," Ferrara said. "When coffee prices go up, it's hard to raise your prices."
He said prices have gotten better recently, but they can change daily.
"Nobody knows what tomorrow's going to bring," Ferrara said. "It's a gamble when you buy coffee. It's like the stock market."
Also, recent competition from companies in Brooklyn has made it harder for the family-run company to break into certain cafes in places like Williamsburg.
"It's difficult to convince some of these cafes [to use our coffee]," said Ferrara.
Even with the rough market, Ferrara is still confident in his company's coffee and roasting methods.
"We can make coffee consistently, roast it consistently, and brew it consistently," he said.
"That's what separates us from those companies."
Unique uses computerized and automatic roasters.
When creating their first batch of a new blend (a mixture of beans from different countries) or single-origin (beans from one country) they will roast manually to create the recipe, and then punch it into a computer program to get a similar roast every time.
Ferrara said that it's important for Unique to keep their prices low and keep coffee affordable. He said Unique is able to sell its beans at an average of $10 cheaper than other specialty roasters.
"We keep our prices down, and it's not really by using cheap coffee," he said. "We use all good coffees, there's no junk down there."
Despite a tough year, online sales are booming. They're growing 45 percent annually, with the company fulfilling several hundred orders weekly. Each sale is roasted, ground and bagged to order.
"Everything is made to order and everything is packaged by hand," Ferrara said. "There is not one bag we take off the shelf."
The company is percolating plans to open up its own cafe, in Brooklyn or Manhattan, within the next couple of years.
While Ferrara said he loves Staten Island and plans to live there for the rest of his life, they looked to Brooklyn and Manhattan because the borough doesn't have a big enough market for gourmet coffee.
"There's a lot of Dunkin Donuts drinkers here," he said.
Next in St. George & Port Richmond
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PODCAST: Why People Say the Oldest House in Manhattan is Haunted | {
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Leionema sympetalum, commonly known as Rylstone bell, is a shrub with greenish-yellow tubular flowers in small terminal clusters at the end of smooth, angular branches. It has a restricted distribution, grows near Rylstone in New South Wales.
Description
Leionema sympetalum is a small shrub to high with smooth, angular branches covered with star-shaped to minute, soft, upright hairs when young. The leaves are wedge shaped to elliptic long, wide, smooth, edges slightly recurved, mostly more or less finely toothed when dry, a prominent midrib on the underside and a blunt apex with a slight notch. The inflorescence is cluster of 1-3 flowers often pendulous at the end of branches, each on a slender, reddish stalk about long. The calyx are hemispherical, smooth, fleshy with wide-triangular lobes about long. The flowers are tubular, long, greenish yellow, petals splitting toward the apex turning upward with triangular tips and the stamens longer than the petals. The fruit are a capsule, each segment about high, ending with a short beak. Flowering occurs from winter to spring.
Taxonomy
Rylstone bell was first formally described by Paul G. Wilson in 1970 and gave it the name Phebalium sympetalum, the description was published in the journal Nuytsia. In 1998 Wilson changed the name to Leionema sympetalum and published the name change in the journal Nuytsia.
Distribution and habitat
This species is confined to the ranges near Rylstone in New South Wales growing in dry sclerophyll forests on rocky outcrops.
Conservation status
This species is classified as "vulnerable" by the Government of New South Wales Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.
References
External links
sympetalum
Sapindales of Australia
Flora of New South Wales
Taxa named by Paul G. Wilson | {
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Cheap Trailer Homes For Sale - Traveling Take Your Movies. Downloading Movies Google Play Amazon They Have Reside Your Mobile Device Which Can Pain These Sticks Plug Directly Into Vacation Home Hdmi Input Media Microsd Card Turning Any Smart.
Manufactured Homes Real Estate Ebay. Manufactured Home Mobile Homes Sale Real Estate Mobil.
Below are 19 best pictures collection of Cheap Trailer Homes For Sale photo in high resolution. Click the image for larger image size and more details. | {
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HSBC has released a short film that looks into the tough upbringing of Black Ferns star and Olympic silver medallist Ruby Tui, and how it inspired her to reach the top of the rugby world.
The film explores Ruby's journey from growing up in Wellington to representing her country at the Olympic Games and achieving unprecedented series success. It reveals the challenges she overcame in her early life and explores the motivation behind her famous drive and determination. | {
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Call of Duty: United Offensive Alternatives
Call of Duty: United Offensive is an Expansion Pack for the Single and Multiplayer First-person Shooter Call of Duty video game. It was published by Activision and developed by Gray Matter Interactive. The pack introduces new maps which are bigger than previous entries, new deadly weapons from the Single-player mode, and rank system with allows further bonuses and more points… read more
All (101) Android (9) iOS (9) PC (75) Linux (7) Mac OS (16) PS2 (9) PS3 (21) PS4 (20) PSP (1) Xbox 360 (22) Xbox One (19) Nintendo Wii U (1) Steam (7)
101 Games Like Call of Duty: United Offensive
The Bureau: XCOM Declassified: Codebreakers is the Downloadable Content Pack for the original title and introduces new missions, improved mechanics, addictive gameplay and smooth controls. The game combines the Action, First and Third-person Shooter, Tactical, Sci-fi, and Strategy elements and takes place in the mysterious world invaded by brutal enemies.
More About Call of Duty: United Offensive
Call of Duty: United Offensive is an Expansion Pack for the Single and Multiplayer First-person Shooter Call of Duty video game. It was published by Activision and developed by Gray Matter Interactive. The pack introduces new maps which are bigger than previous entries, new deadly weapons from the Single-player mode, and rank system with allows further bonuses and more points. Tanks and Jeeps are also available in the game. You can get into the role of the protagonist named Cpl. Scott Riley is available in American Campaign. The primary objective of the protagonist is to take part in deadly missions, in which he has to defeat Bois Jacques, capture and protect the crossroads and the city of Foy. The features ranking system, in which as the points of you increase, you gain ranks. It has three different modes such as Case Assault, Domination and Captures the Flag. Show off your shooting abilities in the world, fight against enemies, take down them using military weapons and become the master. Call of Duty: United Offensive is the best game as compared to other FPS games to play and enjoy.
3D Combat Exploration FPS Military Multiplayer NPC Open World Single-Player Skill War
Project I.G.I.: I'm Going In
Sea Life Safari
3D Super Hang-On
Truck Mechanic Simulator 2015 | {
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I need new boots! NEW BOOTS, YOU GUYS. And now that I have a job, I can buy some.
I'm being unbelievably picky about finding the perfect pair. They must have the following qualities: slightly pointed toe (this is the only negotiable point), a shade of brown, a little bit of a heel, very comfortable for walking, can be dressy if I need to wear them under slacks or jeans at work, and can handle mild winter weather.
I have never in my life had a pair of non-snow boots that I love and that don't hurt my feet. That might be because I've always been the kind of person who can't justify paying pay more than, say, $100 for any clothing or footwear item. Everything I own is from Kohl's or Target.
But I'm beginning to realize that if I want really comfy boots that don't hurt my feet, and if I don't want to have to buy a new pair every year, I'm going to have to pony up a little bit more more than $59.99. You know?
They're Uggs! I'm not an Ugg fan but these aren't traditional Uggs at all. They're supposed to be very comfortable.
As you can imagine, my life since beginning this job has become a whole different ballgame, for better or worse. I'm tired a lot, very busy and my brain is still readjusting to holding all this information at once.
The first day of my new job was great. I met everyone, got a sense of the office vibe and discovered that the job itself is going to be easier than I expected. I also realized that I'm going to be treated like a grown-up at this office, which is unlike my last job. For instance, I don't have to ask for permission when I go to the bathroom. Imagine!
On the second day I also realized how much I want to avoid walking around with a chip on my shoulder all the time. And I made a promise to myself that I wouldn't do that with this job – that I would work on being kind, cheerful and positive as often as possible. I don't want to end up being the ugliest version of myself here.
Today, the third day, I find myself trying to accept all these positive and negative feelings and be patient with myself as I readjust to this lifestyle. For the most part, I can imagine months passing by as I sit here in this chair in my dress slacks, sipping my coffee, trying to decide what I should have for lunch today. That's terrifying and reassuring all at once.
There are moments when I have no idea how I got here, when I think this might be a dream, when I wonder if I should just walk out before it's too late. The alternative, however, would probably find me sitting on my couch in my workout clothes, NOT having worked out yet, having woken up later than I'd wanted to, trying to figure out what to do with my day, feeling worried about money and unclear about my goals and wondering where the two shall intersect. Near the end there, the "dream" of working from home was often a penniless, boring reality because I didn't know where to put my energy.
I spent the last year exploring, learning and making personal and professional progress. I have to remember that this return to a desk job is an extension of that – a chance to have some financial stability while I continue to work toward my own goals.
I just don't know what my goals are yet.
…or maybe I do know what they are and I just need to do what I always tell everyone else to do: Trust myself.
I woke up early this morning, got dressed, made myself an egg sandwich and commuted over the sunny Brooklyn Bridge into Manhattan. I had to stand on the train, and my feet were killing me by the time I got to the office. But I really didn't mind too much. The walk from the subway to my office building is lovely.
I'm not exactly allowed to and don't plan to talk in detail about this job. I don't want to risk it. I'll say that I like the people I work with so far, I have a fair amount of responsibility and a lot of freedom too, I don't mind the work and I don't have to answer phones (!).
If I have to have a paycheck job this appears to be a good one. I'm lucky.
I came straight home from work tonight, ate dinner, and worked with Harvard Sailing Team on a project. And now I'm exhausted. Goodnight. | {
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Making a planned gift is a wonderful way to show your support and appreciation for The Medical Center Foundation and its mission while accommodating your own personal, financial, estate-planning, and philanthropic goals. With smart planning, you may actually increase the size of your estate and/or reduce the tax burden on your heirs. Just as important, you will know that you have made a meaningful contribution to The Medical Center Foundation.
We recommend that you familiarize yourself with various gift options by exploring Ways to Give and What to Give. Then compare gift options and/or calculate how these gifts could work for you. And of course, please contact us for assistance or to discuss your personal situation and objectives.
At various stages of our lives, we all deal with different issues, financial and otherwise. These stages of life need to be taken into account when planning your gift for the Foundation.
A gift by will doesn't require you to part with any assets now or at any time during your life. You will know that your generosity will support the Foundation for years to come.
Are you looking for legal language to share with your attorney as you plan your estate? Find the wording you'll need for your gift by will. | {
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Piccadilly Arcade runs between Piccadilly and Jermyn Street in central London. It was opened in 1909, having been designed by Thrale Jell, and is a Grade II listed building.
The arcade is composed of twenty-eight shops on the ground floor. The first floor was originally offices, but converted to the Felix Hotel in 1915. The buildings were bombed in 1941 during World War II and not fully restored until 1957.
Among the shops in the arcade are the Royal Warrant holder Benson & Clegg, who moved here in 1976 from their previous location in Jermyn Street.
A bronze statue of Beau Brummell sits at the Jermyn Street end of the arcade, designed by Irena Sidiecka.
See also
Princes Arcade - nearby arcade also running from Piccadilly to Jermyn Street
Burlington Arcade - arcade on the opposite side of Piccadilly
References
Citations
Sources
External links
Piccadilly Vaults
The Armoury of St. James's
Buildings and structures on Piccadilly
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Clemson Tigers men's soccer
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The Clemson Tigers men's soccer team represent Clemson University in the Atlantic Coast Conference of NCAA Division I soccer.wikipedia
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NCAA Division I Men's Soccer TournamentClemson Tigers men's soccerKingdome1984 Clemson Tigers men's soccer team1983 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament
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NCAA Division I Men's Soccer TournamentClemson Tigers men's soccer1978 NCAA Division I Soccer Tournament1980 NCAA Division I Soccer TournamentCollege soccer
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The Clemson Tigers won their second national title by defeating the San Diego State Aztecs, 2–0, in the championship game.
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2022 hyperleap | {
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Get Spartacus from Amazon.com
Film Summary
Order our Spartacus Film Summary
Summary and Analysis
Style and Cinematography
Spartacus Film Summary & Analysis
This Study Guide consists of approximately 30 pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of Spartacus.
This section contains 5,617 words
(approx. 19 pages at 300 words per page)
Spartacus begins with an overture, and then the narrator begins talking about the Roman Republic before the birth of Christianity. Even at the best point of the Roman Empire, it was plagued by slavery. An illiterate slave woman gave birth to Spartacus, who was sold into slavery before he was fourteen. He lived out his youth dreaming of the death of slavery 2,000 years before it came about.
The audience then sees Spartacus as he struggles to carry a heavy load. When a man falls in front of him, he helps him rather than leaving him on the ground to die. After he trips, a soldier begins to whip him. Spartacus bites his ankle and is then knocked out by another soldier. Someone says that since he's done this again, it's time for him to die.
Lentulus Batiatus, the owner of a gladiatorial school, arrives...
More summaries and resources for teaching or studying Spartacus.
Spartacus from BookRags. (c)2021 BookRags, Inc. All rights reserved. | {
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Home » Website » National » Rajya Sabha Polls: YSRC's Clean Sweep In Andhra; Digvijaya, Jyotiraditya Sail Through in MP
Rajya Sabha Polls: YSRC's Clean Sweep In Andhra; Digvijaya, Jyotiraditya Sail Through in MP
Of the 19 seats where polling will be held, four each are from Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat, three each from Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan, two from Jharkhand, and one each from Manipur, Mizoram and Meghalaya.
PTI 19 June 2020
Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan cast his vote for Rajya Sabha election at the state Assembly in Bhopal.
ANI/Twitter
PTI 2020-06-19T08:38:32+05:30 Rajya Sabha Polls: YSRC's Clean Sweep In Andhra; Digvijaya, Jyotiraditya Sail Through in MP
The ruling YSR Congress bagged all the four Rajya Sabha seats in Andhra Pradesh and seasoned campaigners like Digvijaya Singh, Jyotiraditya Scindia and Shibu Soren had an easy sailing as the results of the polls to the upper house were on expected lines barring Gujarat and Manipur which are set for a cliffhanger.
Voting was held for 19 seats spread across eight states amid all precautionary measures in view of the COVID-19 pandemic which led to two legislators in Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan who were in quarantine turning up in PPE gear.
In Madhya Pradesh, the BJP won two seats and the Congress bagged one seat while in Rajasthan, it was the other way around with the Congress emerging victorius in two. The Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) won one seat in Jharkhand so did the BJP while the candidates of the ruling alliances won in Meghalaya and Mizoram.
Social distancing was followed and entry of the legislators were allowed after thermal screening and wearing of masks. As a precautionary measure, the election commission gave individual pen to the legislators for marking their votes.
In Manipur, which is in a political crisis following the resignation of nine members of the ruling coalition, BJP candidate and the state's titular king L Sanajaoba is pitted against veteran T Mangi Babu of the Congress in the only Rajya Sabha seat.
Counting of votes for four seats in Gujarat was delayed as the Congress demanded that the Election Commission invalidate two BJP votes on different grounds.
Leader of Opposition Paresh Dhanani said the Congress has sought cancellation of votes cast by BJP MLA Kesrisinh Solanki and minister Bhupendrasinh Chudasama.
A senior official said that the EC observer rejected the opposition party's objections and referred the matter to EC's Delhi office for final decision.
The Congress objected to Chudasama casting his vote on the ground that his election was annulled by Gujarat High Court last month. The Supreme Court has stayed that order. As to Solanki's vote, the party claimed that an unauthorised person accompanied him inside the polling booth.
The BJP has fielded Abhay Bharadwaj, Ramila Bara and Narhari Amin, while the Congress has fielded Shaktisinh Gohil and Bharatsinh Solanki.
The ruling Congress in Rajasthan won two out of the three seats which went to polls. While K C Venugopal and Neeraj Dangi were declared elected, BJP's Rajendra Gehlot won comfortably while its second candidate Onkar Singh Lakhawat was defeated.
With this, the number of Congress's Rajya Sabha MPs from Rajasthan has increased to 3, out of total 10, and rest 7 seats are held by the BJP.
Out of the total 200 legislators, 198 members cast their votes. Two MLAs (Congress's Bhanwar Lal who is also a minister and CPI (M)'s Girdhari Lal) could not come due to health reasons.
AICC spokesperson Randeep Surjewala said the party's win was a birthday gift for Rahul Gandhi.
Meanwhile, the BJP raised objection on the vote cast by Congress MLA Wajib Ali, who recently returned from Australia, saying he has violated quarantine norms.
However, he said he has already been tested negative for COVID-19 and cast his vote after wearing a PPE gear.
Soon after he cast his vote, a complaint was filed with Jyoti nagar police station demanding action against him under the epidemic diseases act.
Police said that the complaint will be probed. However, no FIR was registered.
Veteran Congress leader Digvijaya Singh and BJP candidates Jyotiraditya Scindia and Sumer Singh Solanki won from Madhya Pradesh. The Congress's other candidate, Dalit leader Phool Singh Barriya, lost the election.
While Singh is returning to the Rajya Sabha for second consecutive term, Scindia, his once arch rival in the Madhya Pradesh Congress who is now with the BJP, is entering the Upper House of Parliament for the first time.
Digvijaya Singh bagged 57 votes, Scindia 56 and Solanki 55, a poll official said.
A Congress MLA who has contracted coronavirus arrived in an ambulance, wearing Personal Protection Equipment gear. He was the last one to vote.
Poll officials said the votes of BJP MLAs Gopilal Jatav and Jugal Kishore Bagdi were cancelled for technical reasons.
JMM supremo Shibu Soren and BJP state unit president Deepak Prakash won the two seats in Jharkhand. Congress candidate Shahzada Anwar finished third by bagging 18 votes.
This will be Soren's third term as a Rajya Sabha member. Soren, whose JMM now governs Jharkhand, had also served as a Union minister. It will be Prakash's maiden term in the Upper House of Parliament.
In Andhra Pradesh, Deputy Chief Minister Pilli Subhash Chandra Bose, minister Mopidevi Venkata Ramana, industrialist Parimal Nathwani and realtor Ayodhya Rami Reddy of the YSRC were elected with 38 votes each.
The opposition Telugu Desam Party, which had forced the contest despite not having the numbers, lost badly, with its nominee Varla Ramaiah polling only 17 votes against its technical strength of 23 in the assembly.
The ruling Meghalaya Democratic Alliance candidate Wanwei Roy Kharlukhi Friday won the lone seat in Meghalaya defeating Congress candidate Kennedy Cornelius Khyriem by a margin of 20 votes.
MDA partner KHNAM's MLA Adelbert Nongrum abstained from voting to express his dissent against the NPP whose Lok Sabha MP Agatha K Sangma had voted in favour of the Citizenship Amendment Bill (CAB) in Parliament whereas the party in the state opposed it. One wote was found to be invalid.
76 Soldiers Brutally Injured In Ladakh Face-off Stable And Recovering, Say Army Officials
PTI New Delhi Madhya Pradesh Rajasthan Rajya Sabha Election BJP Congress National | {
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A dream unfulfilled, withers as a leaf on a barren tree.
and then shall your dream blossom as a flower in the warmth of the sun.
Never give up on your dreams. Hope until the end and then hope again. If you can imagine it, with hard work, you can have it. So why are you doubting? Your only hindrance from reaching a level of success is the image you see in the mirror. Stop comparing your inabilities to another person's economical status. You have no idea the trials, tribulations, disappointments, or self-centered failures they've overcame.
So steer your focus on your own path, and let your steps be sodden with faith as you reach "YOUR" level of success.
Before we try to change someone else, we must first look at our own flaws or shortcomings. There is so much to change inwardly and outwardly. The inward change can be to have a better grip on our emotions, and the outward can be a physical change. The bottom line is that there is always something we can change if we stop and look in the mirror.
It's beneficial to take a personal inventory. Have you progresses in any arena of your life from last week to this week? Are you still controlled by emotions, as you were last month? Do negative thoughts flood your mind constantly? Are you always assuming?
There are many other questions that could be asked to determine where we are mentally. The mind controls the body. If we change our thought processes concerning all things, our life will move forward in it's course.
You never know what a person is going through or where they are mentally or spiritually. Some things are not fruitful for your understanding. When emotions get involved, we are blinded to things that are not appeasing to our emotional stance. Like a kid holding a kite, simply let go of thoughts that invade your sanity. Thoughts that have you unable to sleep, eat, or function. There is a solution to everything….PRAYER.
It's not about demonstrating a profound distinguished vocabulary of diverse parabolic dialogue, but rather a simplistic cry for help. When the prayer is in faith and not boastful or grudging, your answer is sent before you can say amen. | {
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[Supervisor Don Knabe] – On a motion by Supervisor Don Knabe at today's Board of Supervisors meeting, Los Angeles County will review its current board policies and consider revisions in accordance with the recently revised California Film Commission's Model Film Ordinance, which protects more than 6,600 local businesses and hundreds of thousands of jobs.
In May, the California Film Commission adopted a revised statewide Model Film Ordinance and Best Practices based on extensive stakeholder outreach together with Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), FilmL.A., and the Los Angeles County Economic Development Corporation (LAEDC). The purpose of a standardized statewide ordinance was to provide the entertainment industry with a uniform set of policies and procedures to secure on-location production that will streamline the permitting process and send a clear signal that this is a coveted industry California intends to retain.
According to the LAEDC, the entertainment industry accounts for 176,700 jobs and $30 billion in spending in the Southern California region and is the third largest industry in Los Angeles County, behind international trade and tourism. | {
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Q: Данные с поля в сторе приходят не сразу, а спустя некоторое время, с чем это может быть связано? У меня есть компонент TopLane, ему с reducer пробрасывает поле в котором должны быть данные, но они приходят не сразу, лишь только после 2-го раза, не могу понять почему так((
Код самого TopLane
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import PropTypes from 'prop-types';
import a_icon_arrow_back from '../../../../../../assets/img/product/a_icon_arrow_back.svg';
import arrow_default from '../../../../../../assets/img/product/_a.icon.arrow.default blue.svg'
import export_blue from '../../../../../../assets/img/product/_a.icon.export_blue.svg';
import '../../../../../../assets/scss/pages/product/_top_lane_audit.scss';
import {ProgressBarColored} from 'serpstat-components/Common/ProgressBars/ProgressBarColored';
import ProgressBarSimple from 'serpstat-components/Common/ProgressBars/ProgressBarSimple';
import Dropdown from 'serpstat-components/Common/Dropdowns/Dropdown';
// import index from 'serpstat-components/Common/dropdown-select/index';
import {connect} from 'react-redux';
import {fetchRequest} from 'serpstat-actions/audit2.0/fetchRequest';
import DataRange from 'serpstat-components/Projects/Audit_2.0/common/DataRange/DataRange';
import DataPicker from 'serpstat-components/Common/Datepicker/DateRange';
import {isActiveCompare, isActiveExport, isActiveDropBox} from 'serpstat-actions/audit2.0/isActive';
import {
getErrorInfoOneRequest,
getErrorInfoOTwoRequest,
getErrorInfoThreeRequest,
getErrorInfoFourRequest,
getErrorInfoFiveRequest,
} from 'serpstat-actions/audit2.0/getErrorInfo';
import {getLimitRequest} from '../../../../../../redux/actions/audit2.0/getLimit';
import MainTitle from 'serpstat-components/Projects/Audit_2.0/common/components/MainTitle/MainTitle';
class TopLane extends Component {
componentDidMount(){
this.props.fetchRequest();
// console.log(this.props.errorTypeOne);
// this.props.getErrorInfoOneRequest();
// this.props.getErrorInfoOTwoRequest();
this.props.getErrorInfoThreeRequest();
this.props.getLimitRequest();
// this.props.getErrorInfoFourRequest();
// this.props.getErrorInfoFiveRequest();
}
// componentWillMount(){
// this.props.getErrorInfoOneRequest();
// }
render() {
// console.log(this.props);
const {addLimit} = this.props;
const {result} = addLimit;
console.log(addLimit);
return (
<div>
{/* <MainTitle data={this.props.toggleClass}/> */}
{/* <DataRange/> */}
<div className='bread_crumbs' onClick={this.props.handleClick}>Site audit summary / All errors and recommendations</div>
<div className='top_wrapper'>
<h3 className='main_text'>
<img src={a_icon_arrow_back} className="aiconarrowback"/>
<span className='margin_text error_size'>Errors:</span>
<span className='text_size'>dropbox</span>
<span className='margin_text text_size'>|</span>
<span className='text_size' onClick={this.props.isActiveDropBox}>dropbox2</span>
</h3>
<div className='limit_export_container'>
<div className='container_limit'>
{/* {result.used < 100 ? <span>лимиты исчерпаны</span>:
`${<p>Limits: {result.left}/{result.total}</p>} ${<div className='widthProgress'><ProgressBarColored curr={result.left} max={result.total} color={"green"} /></div>}`
} */}
</div>
{/* <DataPicker/> */}
<span className='margin_export' onClick={this.props.isActiveCompare}>
Compare with: 17 Sep
<img src={arrow_default} className='arrow_compare'/>
</span>
{/* <div className='position'><DataRange/></div> */}
<span className='margin_export' onClick={this.props.isActiveExport}>
<img src={export_blue} className='export_image'/>
Export
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
);
}
}
TopLane.propTypes = {
};
function mapStateToProps (store){
return {
toggleClass: store.allErrorAudit.toggleClass,
errorTypeOne: store.allErrorAudit.dataErrorList.errorTypeOne,
}
}
function mapDispatchToProps(dispatch){
return {
getErrorList: function (){
dispatch(getErrorList());
},
getErrorInfoOneRequest: function (){
dispatch(getErrorInfoOneRequest())
},
getErrorInfoOTwoRequest: function (){
dispatch(getErrorInfoOTwoRequest())
},
getErrorInfoThreeRequest: function (){
dispatch(getErrorInfoThreeRequest())
},
getErrorInfoFourRequest: function (){
dispatch(getErrorInfoFourRequest())
},
getErrorInfoFiveRequest: function (){
dispatch(getErrorInfoFiveRequest())
},
getErrorInfoOne: function (){
dispatch(getErrorInfoOne())
},
fetchRequest: function (){
dispatch(fetchRequest())
},
isActiveCompare: function (){
dispatch(isActiveCompare())
},
isActiveExport:function (){
dispatch(isActiveExport())
},
isActiveDropBox: function (){
dispatch(isActiveDropBox())
},
// getDataSetError: function (){
// dispatch(getDataSetError())
// }
getLimitRequest: function (){
dispatch(getLimitRequest())
}
}
}
export default connect(mapStateToProps, mapDispatchToProps)(TopLane);
worker in saga
import { getMockData } from "serpstat-api";
import { call, put } from 'redux-saga/effects';
import {getLimitSucceed} from '../../../../actions/audit2.0/getLimit';
import p from '../../procedures';
export default function*() {
try {
const data = yield call(getMockData, p["limits.getLimit"]);
yield put(getLimitSucceed(data));
} catch (err) {
console.log(err);
}
}
Reducer`
import * as t from '../../../constants/audit2.0';
export default function addLimitReducer (state = [], action){
switch(action.type){
case t.GET_LIMIT_SUCCEED:
return action.data;
default: return state;
}
}`
Actions
import * as t from "../../constants/audit2.0";
export const getLimitRequest = () => ({
type: t.GET_LIMIT_REQUEST,
});
export const getLimitSucceed = (data) => ({
type: t.GET_LIMIT_SUCCEED,
data,
});
A: как я понял, ты делаешь 3 запроса в componentDidMount. Тебе нужно создать метку, которая переходит в true, когда получаешь ответ по всем трем запросам и рендерить компонент только тогда. До получения ответа можно отрендерить какой-нибуль лоадер
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"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
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extern "C" LLVM_ATTRIBUTE_WEAK ::llvm::PassPluginLibraryInfo
llvmGetPassPluginInfo() {
return getPollyPluginInfo();
}
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
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Escape Room Tips 13th April 2018
3 reasons why you just have to love escape games
Many of our customers who are playing an Escape Game for the first time say: This is the game from "The Big Bang Theory". In fact, Escape Games are now very popular on almost every continent in the world and are finding more and more followers in Germany. Meanwhile there are 19 providers in Berlin, 13 in Hamburg, 9 in Frankfurt and 8 in Munich. Where does this rapid growth come from and why can so many players get excited about these puzzle games? This article gives 3 attempts to explain.
1) Solving Escape Rooms makes you happy
Anyone who has ever tried an escape game knows: solving difficult tasks makes for a very special feeling. After every success new things are discovered, e.g. single objects or even whole rooms which were hidden before. Every success gives up new tasks to solve again and again. You get the feeling that it goes ahead and the story, which seemed complex and unsolvable at the beginning, dissolves more and more. Like a big puzzle, which you put together piece by piece. You get the feeling that you're evolving.
So Escape Games can be a great Dopanim booster, with absolute addiction factor. Note: This only works, of course, if you don't get too dogged with the thing and you puzzle as a team together and not each for himself. Where we would already be at point two….
2) Escape Games promote team spirit and creativity
What is more fun than overcoming a difficult problem? Exactly: As a team to overcome a difficult problem together.
In almost every Escape Game there are elements which require the cooperation of the players. You don't become world champion as a genius, but as a team. Every team success further welds the group together, which is why Escape Games are becoming more and more popular with companies.
In addition: Escape Games are in principle solvable for everyone. They don't require any special skills, but just a little skill, creativity and brain fat. And most importantly, don't keep your good ideas to yourself, share them with your team.
3) Escape Games turn a story into a real experience
An Escape Game is like a movie or a book, only that it doesn't just take place on a screen or in your own head, but in reality. It's like a computer game in which every object can be touched and everything you see really exists. Mistakes are punished, success brings you further. So the whole story is not only experienced passively as a spectator, but actively as the main actor.
Group photos 03.07.2017-05.07.2017 -2
Many of our customers who are playing an Escape Game for the first time say: This is the game from "The Big Bang Theory". In fact, Escape Games are now very popular on almost every continent in the world and are finding more and more followers in Germany. Meanwhile there […]
Group photos 03.07.2017-05.07.2017
News of PlanB Escape 12th April 2018
Escape Rooms for the bachelor party
Escape Game for beginners | {
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KEF LS50 Meta and KEF LS50 Wireless II announced
Speaker manufacturer KEF has announced two new speaker models, the KEF LS50 Meta and the KEF LS50 Wireless II.
2020-09-24 - 10:30 am
While most speakers are relatively conventional, English KEF goes its own way. Material choice and shape are not the only thing they play with, they have also made perhaps the best coaxial speaker element in Uni-Q, which is now in its 12th generation.
The special element with the treble centrally located on the vertical and horizontal axis, is found in everything from KEF's affordable R-series, to the much more expensive Blade speakers, and the extreme Muon.
But in KEF's new LS50 Meta, the Uni-Q element has been upgraded with new technology – Metamaterial Absorption Technology (MAT), which will attenuate high-frequency internal resonances by as much as 99 percent.
It should provide much cleaner sound with better resolution and lower distortion. MAT looks like a round plate with a kind of labyrinth milled out from the center to the outer edge, and this is mounted on the back of the Uni-Q element, where the energy from the back of the treble flows out through the opening in the middle. 30 small openings in different sizes will absorb the energy from the treble inside the cabinet, thus removing 99 percent of the distortion that can occur.
KEF has upgraded the compact LS50 and the wireless version LS50 Wireless, with MAT, and made several other improvements. Among other things, the crossover filter has been changed and small tweaks have been made to the 13 m large Uni-Q element, which is used in both versions of the LS50 Meta.
The cabinet construction is similar and cast in a composite material with calcium carbon and fiberglass to achieve rigidity and acoustic damping, but the backs are of course different. Where the LS50 Meta has surface-mounted cable terminals, one of the speakers in the LS50 Wireless II has several connections.
HDMI for connection to TV, so you do not need a soundboard, optical and coaxial input, output for subwoofer, 3.5mm jack input and Ethernet for wired network connection.
LS50 Wireless II has Bluetooth, AirPlay 2 and Chromecast built-in, it supports MQA files from Tidal Hi-Fi, and will eventually support Roon. It also handles audio files up to 32-bit / 384 kHz and is adapted to all available streaming services.
The wireless version has a total of 760 W amplifier power, and you do not need a cable to connect them in stereo.
The Wireless II is expected to be available from November in Carbon Black, Mineral White, Titanium Gray and Crimson Red Special Edition. The price: 2,499 euros per pair. You can also use the LS2 standards for these speakers.
There is also a custom floor stand, which can also be delivered in different colors, with screws to attach the speakers to the stands with. | {
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Телґа́рт () — село в окрузі Брезно Банськобистрицького краю Словаччини. Станом на грудень 2015 року в ньому проживало 1542 мешканців.
Примітки
Села округу Брезно | {
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Picture courtesy: Image taken from Google for editorial purpose only.
You were the girl in class who always had many questions to ask. As soon as the lectures ended, you made everyone wait (read waste their precious lunch time) as your pretty, manicured hand shot out, aimed at having your curiosity quenched. And soon as the lecturer was done answering the said questions, you'd walk up to them, never once turning back or barely mumbling an apology to a class full of hangry students.
Your face wasn't much different from your pretty hands. Your notes were organized, folders decked with glitter and flowers. You found time to match your eye-liner too. Yeah, I sound like quite the stalker, don't I? Let's call it curiosity. In fact, the way your hand shot up for questions, your interest got me curious. On observing and pay attention to your questions, I deduced that you either – never paid attention to anything the lecturer said in the class or just did not have the mental capacity to absorb anything. What worked for you then was your intelligent 'look,' but your intellectual level ended right there. | {
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All designs, schematics, specifications, layouts, plans, descriptions, products, and other documents, materials, and information provided by Company and communications from Company in connection with this program ("Company Submissions") are nonconfidential and Microchip is under no obligation to hold Company Submissions in confidence, to refrain from disclosing Company Submissions to others, or to return Company Submissions; and Microchip is free to use, copy, and reproduce Company Submissions without restriction. Microchip, however, will keep the fact that a Company Submission occurred (but not the Company Submission itself) confidential for a period of one year after submission.
Microchip is not obligated to accept any Company Submissions for this program or to provide any Feedback (as defined below) with respect to any Company Submissions.
Any assistance, services, comments, information, or suggestions provided by Microchip (including without limitation any comments to the effect that Company's product designs do not require any changes) (collectively, "Microchip Feedback") are provided solely for the purpose of assisting Company in Company's attempt to optimize compatibility of Company's product designs with certain of Microchip's products.
Microchip does not promise that such compatibility optimization will actually be achieved.
Even proper use or implementation by Company of any Microchip Feedback may adversely affect other aspects of Company's product designs or performance, even if they successfully achieve the effect of optimizing compatibility of Company's product designs with Microchip products, and Company is not relying on Microchip's skill or judgment in determining whether or not to make any changes to Company's product designs.
Use or implementation by Company of any Microchip Feedback may require licenses under patents or other intellectual property rights of Microchip or third parties, and Microchip does not promise or represent that any such patents or other intellectual property rights will be identified by Microchip to Company or that any licenses will be made available to Company by Microchip or any such third parties.
ANY Microchip FEEDBACK IS PROVIDED AS IS, WITH ALL FAULTS. COMPANY ASSUMES ALL RISKS OF ANY RELIANCE BY COMPANY ON, OR USE OR IMPLEMENTATION BY COMPANY OF, ANY Microchip FEEDBACK. THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. Microchip AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES DISCLAIM AND EXCLUDE ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY AND ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE, AND AGAINST INFRINGEMENT, AND ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES ARISING FROM ANY COURSE OF DEALING OR USAGE OF TRADE.
No license is granted by Microchip expressly, by implication, by estoppel or otherwise, under any patent, trademark, copyright, mask work right, trade secret, or other intellectual property right.
No partnership, joint venture, or agency relationship is created hereby.
IN NO EVENT SHALL Microchip OR ANY OF ITS SUBSIDIARIES BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES; OR FOR LOST DATA, PROFITS, SAVINGS OR REVENUES OF ANY KIND; REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF ACTION, WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT; TORT; NEGLIGENCE OF Microchip, ANY OF Microchip'S SUBSIDIARIES, OR OTHERS; STRICT LIABILITY; BREACH OF WARRANTY; OR OTHERWISE; WHETHER OR NOT ANY REMEDY IS HELD TO HAVE FAILED OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE, AND WHETHER OR NOT Microchip OR ANY OF ITS SUBSIDIARIES HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. | {
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Shakespeare's Globe Announces Relaunch of Globe Player
Ascension – Oscar Shortlisted Documentary Set For 14 Jan Uk Release Date
Shakespeare's Globe has announced the relaunch of their video-on-demand streaming service, Globe Player. The original platform was the first of its kind and the upgrade enables audiences to subscribe or pay-on-demand for world-class Shakespeare productions to devices internationally.
For the first time, audiences can subscribe to Globe Player in addition to the existing pay-per-production system, providing audiences unlimited access to a growing collection of filmed performances. Launched just in time for Christmas, Globe Player is a perfect gift for theatre lovers wanting to enjoy their favourite productions from Shakespeare's Globe.
Audiences that were unable to visit the Globe this summer are now able to stream all the 2021 Summer Season productions including Romeo & Juliet starring Alfred Enoch and Rebekah Murrell and Twelfth Night with The Globe's Artistic Director Michelle Terry playing Viola.
Currently there are 16 productions from Shakespeare's Globe available to watch on Globe Player with new plays being added throughout the year. Productions currently available include:
The award-winning all-male Original Practice Twelfth Night from 2012 featuring Mark Rylance, Stephen Fry, Johnny Flynn and Paul Chahidi
Hamlet, 2018. Michelle Terry as the Globe's first-ever female Hamlet. This was also the first time integrated BSL was incorporated into a production.
The Duchess of Malfi, 2014 starring Gemma Arterton in the opening production in the Sam Wanamaker Playhouse
Love's Labour's Lost, 2009 starring Michelle Terry and Paul Ready
The Winter's Tale, 2018 and The Merry Wives of Windsor, 2019 will also now be available to watch digitally for the first time ever
Subscriptions cost £59.99 a year for unlimited access to all titles, or £9.99 per production. The redeveloped platform will be mobile-responsive, allowing content to be streamed directly to all devices as well as the ability to cast onto larger screens.
As part of the Globe's ongoing commitment to accessibility, all productions are captioned and Romeo & Juliet, A Midsummer Night's Dream and Metamorphoses from the Summer Season 2021 will also be available with audio description, with a view to increasing this number over time.
Globe Player is available worldwide and can be watched on any device, with new plays added throughout the year. The next batch of new content will go live in February 2022.
For those watching Globe productions as part of their educational development, Drama Online also provides access for drama and literature students, professors, and teachers.
ROYAL SHAKESPEARE COMPANY LAUNCHES 'INTERVAL DRINKS' – A NEW PODCAST SERIES
Since Shakespeare's Globe closed its doors in March 2020 due to the pandemic it greatly expanded the use of digital channels to maintain contact with audiences across the world. Filmed productions released for free on its YouTube channel received over 3 million views across 137 countries, with over 600,000 tuning in for the first release of Hamlet. During lockdown, new users to the existing iteration of the Globe Player platform increased by almost 500%. This new redevelopment of Globe Player will help Shakespeare's Globe to increase its capability to meet the growing demand of audiences wanting to experience the magic of the Globe Theatre at home and away.
The redevelopment of Globe Player has been made possible through support from The Linbury Trust.
Globe Player Shakespeare Shakespeare's Globe Theatre London
Your Weekend: Must see Theatre to support safely; The Wife Of Willesden, Aladdin,The Drifters Girl & Trouble in Mind | {
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The Long Road Home: Lyme?
Finn seemed a little bit better yesterday. Although I hate that he's on stall rest and in pain, I like taking care of him when he's so sweet and not all wild eyed. I sat with him in his stall for hours yesterday and he kept coming over to me, nickering, and nuzzling on me. It's the first time he's shown real affection towards me. He's been so good about keeping his foot in the tub of water/epsom salt, and so good about not moving around and getting all crazy. When the vet was here the other day he felt a digital pulse in nearly all four legs...and wanted to test for Lyme. Yesterday afternoon vet came back to test. I assumed he was going to pull blood and send it to Cornell. Instead he did a SNAP test, which I thought only tested whether or not the horse had ever been exposed, not whether or not there was an active infection. Well of course he tested positive, and we put him on Doxy. He does have alot of the symptoms, and a bunch of horses in the barn have it, but I still want to get blood pulled and sent to Cornell. So after a $650 vet bill weekend my horse is still a hobbling mess. I pulled him out of his stall and the old man hobbled into the indoor and we did a little hand walking/standing around. He was happy for a change of scenery. He does not seem to be in any pain, I just feel horrible about how he looks and is acting.
There was all this drama at the barn last night...Nobody showed up to bring horses in/feed, and barn owner was no where in site. One of the boarders called one of the young girls that works there, and the girl said barn owner was supposed to bring in and feed. Instead, the girl showed up, brought everyone in, fed, and didn't know where barn owner was. It's all very confusing and unorganized. I'm very concerned that my horse isn't, or won't be, receiving his meds/supplements/correct grain/water/hay, because there's so many different people working, and NO organization.
After spending the afternoon with Finn I went and checked out the co-op barn my friends board at. I loved it. It's super quiet, huge, flat, grassy turout, very clean, and very organized. It runs differently than most co-op's I've seen. Instead of having to do your stall every day, you choose one day a week and do chores for all boarders. So I would go in the AM feed, turnout, stalls, clean, water, and then bring in and feed PM. Hay is included in board, and you have to supply your own hay and shavings. There is no indoor, but there is an indoor across the street that you can use if you take lessons with the dressage trainer. I liked the set up, but it is 50 minutes from my house. The girls said they wouldn't mind doing PM chores (turn in and feed) on the day that would be mine. It's also really inexpensive, and if I took lessons with trainer next door, bought my own hay/shavings, I still wouldn't even be paying with I am now for full board. And I'd have a support system, and Michelle to do training rides on him. Although I don't want to move him AGAIN, I have to. But, I want to make the right decision for us so that I don't have to move him anymore.
Good luck with the barn move.. I wouldn't be able to handle to lack or organization!! Gotta do what's best for you and Fin!
Poor Fin :( Hope he feels better and you get some news. The lack of organization at the barn would be frustrating to me as well.
Poor Finn and poor you. *hug* sounds stressful. | {
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Coronavirus: still sitting at the kitchen table as home schooling continues for many. How much longer will this continue?
Nancy and Naomi Uncategorized June 8, 2020
As published recently by independentschoolparent.com
Unprecedented Times
In these unprecedented times, six weeks into lockdown, my kitchen table is still the centre of my world. It's just that the world now looks and sounds quite different. Consider the following diary entries:
"Such quarrels that the whole house thunders… everyone is angry with everyone else."
"Today I have packed a suitcase with the most necessary things for an escape. But Mummy quite rightly says, "Where will you escape to?"
It's the diary entries for April 27th and May 1st 1943, a historical record written by a thirteen-year-old Jewish girl, Anne Frank, locked down in a sealed -off back room of an office block in Amsterdam, in hiding from the Gestapo in unprecedented times during the Second World War. Yet these entries could have been written by my own daughter, April 27th and May 1st 2020; it sounds so familiar that I don't know whether to laugh or cry.
Six weeks ago, as we searched for a word to describe what this war on Coronavirus would become, I told myself that it was going to be at least as special as it was strange. Special opportunities abounded, from school and community and national initiatives. I could choose from special story downloads, special online Shakespeare performances, special drawing lessons and special fitness workouts. I've smiled at online videos of home lacrosse practice with loo rolls. I've been inspired when global school activities such as Model United Nations have gone ahead, undeterred. My daughter's school rallied the troops and the airwaves have been humming with charity projects, zoomed musical concerts and poetry competitions, the bunting went up for VE day and a poignant assembly broadcast was a reminder that, 75 years ago, another wartime ended.
Now, though, I have to admit that I've had enough. I feel a bit like my own special sewing activity, the Coronavirus Quilt, whose number of squares hasn't kept up with the number of days of home schooling as planned. I've run out of steam, and so has my daughter. The uncertainty of our times makes me feel lost, a bit like my iphone, who knows where with a flat battery, after it was commandeered for a Year 4 zoom chat three hours ago. I could look a bit harder for it, but my battery's flat, too. I've even silenced Tracy Chapman, the faithful accompanist to my day.
However, if I give in to anxiety and frustration, I pass on my mood to my daughter. And as I look at her, working away with her head down and her hair falling over her cheek, I know that just won't do. So here's how I have been keeping myself in check.
My Covid-day Checklist
1. Nothing is normal – it's a concept that no longer seems to exist. In seeking to define our lives by it, our anxieties escalate in pursuit of the unattainable. Rather, look at its antonyms: alongside batty, crackbrained and daft, I also found rare, fantastical and wild. Now that sounds more inspiring!
2. Take a break – a managed break isn't a break at all, just another organised activity. So I make myself walk away whilst my daughter takes a break, I neither tell her what to do nor watch her do it. We still break up the day with sewing or baking and a walk, but we also gain from taking a break from each other.
3. Ubiquitous as it is, Zoom isn't always the answer – because, for some, a Zoom catch up can feel like a weird and wistful variation of the real thing. A younger child of a friend announced recently that all his friends lived in the computer now. When I video call my best friend, I find myself edging ever closer to the screen, but I can't get close enough to give her a hug. Granny's broadband speed makes video links jumpy and intermittent and can produce as much disappointment as pleasure during the longed-for catch up call. So we invested in some stationary, wrote a letter and posted a postcard or two, and as we did so I was struck by how much of ourselves we find, and share, in our almost-forgotten handwriting style. As I explained to my daughter that the Royal Mail took a lot longer than email, I reflected on how this lockdown has shown us that we can live slower lives, that when we stop zooming around we can all breathe more easily.
4. Don't stick to strict rules – we have internet safety rules for a reason, but it's hard to stick to them in this unprecedented season. No devices in bedrooms is a strict adjunct in our household, but privacy is difficult to achieve without using more rooms than the open-plan main living space. Negotiating with other family members about whose classroom, conference call or webinar should take precedence is a minefield. And as I draw the line at taking a sensitive work call from under the kitchen table with a heavy blanket thrown over it, bedrooms are in, occasionally, for grown-ups only. On my checklist, this one comes under the heading of not being too hard on myself.
5. Keep a grip on reality in this world of virtual cares: do we have enough broadband speed to rehearse with the zoom orchestra; have we run up and down the stairs fast enough in the compulsory parents' race at the virtual school sports day; have we created our own virtual zoom background with enough originality for it to be remembered for posterity as our family lockdown legend?
Have we kept enough sense of humour to see that we need to get over our virtual selves and hang on to the word special, whilst we still can?
The Onward Journey
No amount of talking sternly to myself keeps every moment of anxiety at bay. I still want to run away on occasion but, as we recognised earlier, there is nowhere to run to. And that's why hopes for the staggered return to school are so welcome. What are school playgrounds for, if not to provide somewhere to run, to take a break, to enjoy real time friends once more? What is the school assembly for, if not to provide a few minutes of calm certainty, strong leadership, sense and sensibility towards the world around us? What praise is better than the few words delivered straight to you, when you're a teen or tween with a constant need for self-affirmation from adults you respect? For me, the most important aspect of the return to school is the pastoral care that it affords. Particular year groups have, perhaps, suffered more than others: the transitional experiences of moving from Juniors to Seniors to Sixth Form are hugely important rites of passage; Leavers' Assemblies include speeches that children want to repeat to their own children in years to come.
However, this re-opening of schools, with social distancing and covid-safe practices intact, may not be a return journey so much as an open-ended ticket to somewhere else. What will school activities look like? How will classrooms operate? My daughter's main concern is what the longed-for break time in the playground will look like – games, from tag to netball tournaments, look questionable for some time to come. Will she enjoy this return to a school environment that is no longer the same? I just don't know. As a parent, I have my own fears: how shall I brief my daughter about hygiene, should she wear a face covering? When I leave her at the new drop-off point, at a clear distance from the school gates, will she be as safe at school as I know she is at home? We are facing a future of financial uncertainty, too, which may point some of us towards school fees conversations with our bursars about adjusted payment plans and hardship funds.
So what do I want for my daughter, as the world inches out of lockdown towards the return to school? What rite of passage will this moment in her personal history prove to be, and how will it shape her future? All children grow up, and when she grows up, I want my daughter to be equipped to journey onward with resourcefulness, resilience and an open mind. When she returns to school, in this batty, crack-brained, daft, rare, fantastical and wild world in which we are living, she has the special opportunity to learn the lessons she will need to one day make that onward journey on her own.
at home with the kids during lockdown
Previous Post Coronavirus: Time to Play in the Home School Day | {
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Below is a directory about Paintball City-Of-Edinburgh. Please view the following companies to find a suitable Paintball company in City-Of-Edinburgh region.
Which is the UK city with the highest standard of living for over 50s?
Edinburgh beat the UK?s nine other biggest cities in the run for the city offering the highest standard of living for over 50s, according to a new survey.
TENDAI HUCHU, has set his second novel in the city where he now lives.
The number of community service orders dished out by courts in Edinburgh has doubled in the last two years, with crooks carrying out almost 84,000 hours of unpaid work last year alone ? the equivalent of nine and a half years. | {
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Leadership and staff acknowledge the importance of physical activity as essential for optimum physical development and for establishing behavioural habits that are crucial to life-long health and wellbeing.
ensuring that relevant, mandated requirements for physical education and sport are incorporated into the curriculum.
As a health promoting school, we will support the physical activity of students, staff and families through learning, policies, creating a safe and healthy physical and social environment, and developing community links and partnerships.
Physical activity for children and young people is recognised as essential for their optimum physical development, and for establishing behavioural habits that are crucial to life-long health and wellbeing.
It is recognised that every member of the St. Robert's community has an impact on students' health and can contribute to creating an environment that promotes physical activity. All members of our school community including staff, students, families and volunteers will be supported to meet this policy.
Physical activity: Includes sport, incidental exercise and many other forms of recreation. The Australian Physical Activity Guidelines recommend a combination of moderate and vigorous activities for at least 60 minutes each day for children and young people (5 – 18 years old).
Staff, families and students are involved in guiding the development and implementation of the whole-school physical activity policy and are seen as key partners in promoting and supporting physical activity in the school.
Celebration days and fundraising activities reflect the physical activity policy and promote healthy lifestyle messages, such as walk-a-thons, jump rope, tabloid sports and outdoor games days.
A range of play equipment and environments are provided, which encourage physical activity at break times, and before and after school. The equipment and environment cater for diverse ages, and the abilities and interests of all students.
Active travel to and from school is encouraged and promoted. The school will provide facilities for the safe and secure storage of equipment that encourages active travel, such as bikes, scooters and helmets.
Students will be encouraged to use appropriate and properly fitted protective equipment when participating in sport, such as mouthguards and shin guards.
The school promotes physical activity, which encourages inclusiveness and participation, in addition to performance.
Staff and families recognise they are role models and are encouraged to actively engage in physical activity and active travel.
St. Robert's complies with the appropriate sector requirements for physical and sport education. Staff will ensure physical activity is incorporated into the curriculum, across a range of domains.
Members of staff are supported to access resources, tools and professional learning to enhance their knowledge and capacity to promote physical activity across the curriculum.
Students are consulted about physical activity initiatives via junior school council, student action teams or other representative structures.
Families and staff are, on a regular basis, provided with information, ideas and practical strategies to promote and support physical activity at school and at home.
Families and students from culturally diverse backgrounds are engaged to ensure cultural values and expectations about physical activity are respected.
The physical activity policy will be monitored and reviewed by the staff, school council, student representatives and the health and wellbeing team at least once every three years. | {
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Portland State
List of blogs by sport and class
Quick Links to Sport Pages
GRESHAM / TROUTDALE
Oregonsports Journal
Sportsland
Chambers Bay plays its role
u.s. open chambers bay
Fri, 06/19/2015 - 9:25am
Cliff Pfenning
If you were fortunate enough to have access to coverage of the U.S. Open Thursday, you got one spectacular view of professional golf, and the range of emotions that engage the sport. After watching much of the first round of the Open, it hit me that more than one player would leave the course and talk to the media with some disgust about Chambers Bay with a quote something like "I hate this course, and I shot even par."
"But it sure made the game fun."
All those swales, the funky-colored greens, guys hitting the ball onto "backstops" way past the hole to have it roll back and narrowly miss going in - it was fun to watch. And, despite the challenges, the first round was one of the better scoring rounds in Open history with 29 players breaking par and a whole stack shooting par at 70.
There were 11 eagles on the par-4 12th hole, which virtually every player was able to reach with a driver.
And, still, there was the complaint, by Sergio Garcia about the course - at least the greens tweeting the Open "deserves better quality green surfaces than we have this week but maybe I'm wrong!"
And he shot 70.
If anyone could have been complaining about the greens, it would have been Tiger Woods. He was perhaps three combined inches away from making enough putts that he might have been at 70 instead of 80. But, he had so many other issues during his round, he could hardly single out the putting surface. And he played in one of the best/worst pairings of the day. Golden Boy Rickie Fowler was right there just waiting to make Woods look really old with a simple round of 70. But he shot, wow, 81. And the third player in the group, Louis Oosthuizen - getting a chance he may never get again to be in front of a large television audience, outdueled his partners with a 77.
A combined 28 over par. Chambers Bay kicked their butt, although no one looked at the course as causing their troubles. They just played terribly - Woods lost the grip on his club during one swing from long grass.
With the pairings swapping tee times from morning to afternoon and vice versa, the view of the course is likely to change for each player. Let's see what Sergio has to say after playing in the afternoon, where only 11 players broke par as opposed to 18 in the morning round.
Go get'em Chambers Bay!
Cliff Pfenning's blog
oregonsports news
copyright oregonsports, Inc. 2010 | {
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CRTI has diverse work groups that develop programs to address gaps in the care of the Chicago region's urban forest. The work groups meet individually throughout the year and come together annually for the Partner Recognition Celebration. See the recap from our 2015 Partner Recognition Celebration here.
Forest Composition Work Group: Gather and analyze forest composition and canopy cover data for the region to provide an accurate snapshot of our forest structure and to identify priority areas for planting and stewardship projects. They are also developing a interactive map to help public and private land managers.
Tree Stewardship and Planting Work Group: Organize planting and stewardship activities and forestry skill training for maximum affect. This group also coordinates the CRTI Community Tree Network and is developing a tree stewardship and planting plan for the region based on the data analyzed by the Forest Composition Work Group.
Tree Risk Assessment and Management Work Group: Improve tree risk assessment training and practices. This group also works on identifying the biggest risks to and from trees, including climate change, invasive plants and pests, and bio-mechanical failure, and coming up with a strategy to ameliorate these threats.
Communications and Outreach Advisory Group: Share information and raise the profile of CRTI with a variety of audiences, including residents, policy makers, industry professionals, and researchers. This advisory group also collaborates with the other work groups to create communications plans for maximum impact on projects and has developed communications pieces to help disseminate information to a wider audience (for example, these infographics: 1, 2, 3). They also gather and develop resources for specific audiences to educate on the value and benefits of trees and how to care for them. | {
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Wichita Aero Club Presents Redbird Simulators CEO Jerry Gregoire at Thursday, July 17 Luncheon
Wichita, KS — July 10, 2014 – The Wichita Aero Club's July luncheon will feature Jerry Gregoire, CEO of Austin, TX based Redbird Flight Simulation, the fastest growing and most innovative simulator providers in the industry. The luncheon will be held July 17 at 11:45 a.m. in the Emerald Ballroom of the Doubletree Hilton Wichita Airport Hotel.
A former executive at Pepsico and Dell, Gregoire founded Redbird in 2006 to provide flight schools with affordable, feature-rich simulators for use in pilot education. He is a single-pilot CJ driver and was the King Air owner as well as a King Air pilot. Redbird's simulators can be used to log hours toward the private certificate and more extensively on the commercial ticket.
"Jerry will discuss the role of simulation in flight training and provide an update on the Challenge Cup event that Redbird and Flying Magazine launched at Sun 'N Fun in April," said Dave Franson, President of the Wichita Aero Club. "The Aero Club is pleased to provide an opportunity for the local general aviation community to hear more about the Challenge Cup. The top performers in the competition have been invited to EAA AirVenture to determine an overall champion. The leaders in each category—Precision Landings, Steep Turns, Lazy Eights, and Landings—will face off during the annual EAA gathering, with a winner to be crowned on August 3."
"Our simulators 'watch' the pilot," Mr. Gregoire explained, "measuring, coaching, adapting, scoring, and recording his or her progress. This Challenge Cup is designed in partnership with Bonnier and its network of publications, to intentionally reach beyond the pilot community. We created specific categories for Student Pilots and Non-Pilots to ensure they would be represented in this challenge, too." Top performers in all categories have been invited to EAA AirVenture in Oshkosh, which begins July 28 and continues through August 3 at the Wittman Regional Airport. | {
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Zespół odwracalnej tylnej encefalopatii (lub leukoencefalopatii, stosowany jest także skrótowiec PRES od ) – zespół chorobowy objawiający się głównie objawami neurologicznymi oraz zwiększonym ciśnieniem tętniczym z towarzyszącymi zmianami widocznymi w badaniach obrazowych mózgu. Został opisany po raz pierwszy przez Hincheya i in. w roku 1996.
Etiologia i patogeneza
Stany, które zostały powiązane z zespołem odwracalnej tylnej encefalopatii:
nadciśnienie tętnicze (przełom nadciśnieniowy i encefalopatia nadciśnieniowa, najczęstsza przyczyna)
choroby autoimmunologiczne (np. porfiria, zakrzepowa plamica małopłytkowa, guzkowe zapalenie tętnic)
choroby nerek
rzucawka i stan przedrzucawkowy
zakażenia i sepsa
choroba nowotworowa
chemioterapia
przyjmowanie leków immunosupresyjnych lub innych środków chemicznych (np. metamfetaminy)
Patogeneza zespołu odwracalnej tylnej encefalopatii nie została w pełni wyjaśniona. Pod uwagę brane są dwie główne hipotezy opisujące patogenezę tej choroby:
hipoteza pierwsza zakłada, że nagły wzrost ciśnienia tętniczego prowadzi do zwiększonej perfuzji w obrębie mózgowia, co prowadzi do obrzęku naczyniowego. Przemawia za nią to, że u większości pacjentów występuje zwiększone ciśnienie tętnicze, a część potyliczna mózgowia (w której najczęściej występują zmiany) jest na jego działanie najbardziej narażona, natomiast podaje ją w wątpliwość to, że u około 30% chorych nie pojawia się nadciśnienie tętnicze.
hipoteza druga zakłada, że przyczyną powstawania zmian są krążące we krwi toksyny, zarówno egzogenne, jak i endogenne, które wywołują zaburzenia w funkcjonowaniu śródbłonka. Za nią przemawia częste występowanie choroby u pacjentów z sepsą, rzucawką lub przyjmujących chemioterapię albo leki immunosupresyjne.
Objawy i przebieg
Początek choroby może być ostry lub podostry. Objawy neurologiczne zazwyczaj występują razem z nadciśnieniem tętniczym. Najczęstszym objawem jest encefalopatia, która objawia się ilościowymi oraz jakościowymi zaburzeniami świadomości. U około 70% pacjentów pojawiają się drgawki, które w 3–13% przechodzą w zagrażający życiu stan padaczkowy. W wyniku zajęcia płatów potylicznych występują zaburzenia widzenia (np. zamazane widzenie, ślepota korowa i połowiczna). W 5–15% przypadków choroby występują objawy ogniskowe. Inne objawy choroby obejmują nudności, wymioty i ból głowy. Może wystąpić zespół móżdżkowy i porażenie połowicze, a zaburzenia świadomości mogą przejść w śpiączkę. W 6–19% przypadków dochodzi do transformacji krwotocznej, czasami także do wgłobienia mózgu. Opisano zajęcie przez proces chorobowy rdzenia kręgowego i występowanie objawów z tym związanych (do określania tej postaci choroby zaproponowano skrótowiec PRES-SCI).
Badania obrazowe
Tomografia komputerowa ukazuje obrzęk naczyniowy występujący głównie w podkorowej istocie białej płatów potylicznych i skroniowych (choć może występować także w innych częściach mózgowia, takich jak głębiej położonej istocie białej, jądrach podstawnych, ciele modzelowatym czy pniu mózgu), czasami symetryczny. Gdy dojdzie do uszkodzenia bariery krew-mózg, zmiany wzmacniają się po podaniu kontrastu gadolinowego. W MRI widoczne są hiperintensywne w sekwencjach T2 i FLAIR zmiany, a obrazy w sekwencji DWI lub ADC czasami mogą pokazywać ograniczenie dyfuzji w obrębie tych zmian. W angiografii widoczne jest obkurczenie naczyń mózgowych.
Badania pomocnicze
Badanie krwi może wykazać:
podwyższenie aktywności AST i ALT
hipomagnezemię
zwiększenie stężenia albumin
zmniejszenie stężenia kreatyniny.
Rozpoznanie
Nie ustalono kryteriów diagnostycznych dla zespołu odwracalnej tylnej encefalopatii, który jest trudną do rozpoznania jednostką chorobową. Diagnostyka jest głównie różnicowa. Najważniejszą jednostką chorobową, z jaką należy różnicować PRES, jest zespół odwracalnej mózgowej wazokonstrykcji (ang. reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome), a także inne, jak udar niedokrwienny mózgu, choroba Creutzfeldta-Jakoba, autoimmunologiczne zapalenie mózgu, postępująca leukoencefalopatia wieloogniskowa, obrzęk mózgu oraz encefalopatie o innej etiologii, zakrzepica żył mózgowych oraz glejakowatość mózgu.
Leczenie
Nie opracowano leczenia przyczynowego, więc możliwe jest jedynie leczenie objawowe. Jego najważniejszym elementem jest obniżenie ciśnienia tętniczego i zapobieganie jego zmianom przez ciągłe podawanie leków przeciwnadciśnieniowych. Jeśli jest to możliwe, powinno się wyeliminować czynnik, który wywołał chorobę (np. leki przeciwnowotworowe). W przypadku konieczności należy zastosować leki przeciwpadaczkowe oraz rozpocząć wentylację mechaniczną. Można wykorzystać także antagonisty wapnia, jeśli wystąpił skurcz naczyń mózgowych.
Rokowanie
Śmiertelność zespołu odwracalnej tylnej encefalopatii wynosi około 5–15%. Powikłaniami PRES są m.in. padaczka wymagająca leczenia przeciwpadaczkowego i zaburzenia ruchowe. U około 36% pacjentów choroba pozostawia znaczne zmiany w funkcjonowaniu układu nerwowego, choć jej przebieg jest zazwyczaj łagodny. Współistniejąca cukrzyca, krwotok śródczaszkowy oraz zajęcie przez proces chorobowy ciała modzelowatego rokują niekorzystnie. Choroba może występować w sposób nawrotowy.
Zobacz też
nadciśnienie złośliwe
Przypisy
Choroby układu nerwowego | {
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Holographic has never looked as stylish as these unique high heels! Featuring, a faux leather texture, peep toe, holographic accent, caged cut out accent, back heel cut out, a side buckle closure, and a cushioned foot bed. Approximately a 4 1/2 inch heel. | {
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Bryson and I are so grateful for this little boy…and so madly in love with him! He brings such amazing joy to our lives! I look forward to the year ahead as he continues to grow, learn, and become more of who God intends him to be. Our prayer for him is that he would grow up and have a heart like God's heart…filled with compassion, love, justice, truth, and wisdom. What an amazing responsibility and joy it is to be a parent!
The key word to remember about insurance is statistics. The QuotesChimp breathes, eats, and bleeds statistics. Minutiae that would cure the worst case of insomnia for us, such as the number of people who have had a home fire in a given town over the last 50 years due to smoking in bed, is the stuff of which dreams are made to the dedicated insurance executive in charge of fig�uring out what to charge for insurance. | {
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Flexible Effects and Looping for Guitar and More!
Get more versatility and sacrifice less pedalboard space with Vox's Lil' Looper multi-effects and looping pedal. Equally well suited for both guitar and vocals, you'll find endless clever ways to enhance the way you practice, perform, and even write new songs when you pick up a Vox Lil' Looper. On the looper side, this compact pedal gives you the power of two loopers in one, offering up a pair of independent yet beat-syncable loops you control with two separate footswitches. Add to that sound-on-sound recording and a dozen excellent effects, and you can start to see the creative potential of this cool little pedal. | {
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Interest in open banking has been catalysed by the coronavirus pandemic
November 1, 2020 | By Jim Wadsworth
A year since the deadline for financial institutions in the European Union to comply with the Second Payment Services Directive (PSD2), open banking continues to grow strongly. In fact, much as COVID-19 has accelerated the shift to digital in other spheres, Mastercard research in 14 countries around the world shows interest in open banking-enabled services has been catalysed by the social and economic impacts of coronavirus pandemic.
In our global state of pay study, we asked 14,000 consumers and 2,800 small businesses (owners or employees who are involved in bank or business payment services for their business) about their attitudes and behaviours relating to payment and banking technologies.[1] Seventy-three percent of consumers and 67 percent of small businesses told us they used mobile banking apps to manage their finances and make payments, and 53 percent of consumers said they were using them more now than they had before. Even those that were most reluctant to try digital solutions before have tried and found them a convenient and safe way to manage their finances while bank branches are closed.
There's also appetite for new financial services. Fifty-six percent of consumers and three fifths (59%) of small businesses said they like to try new payment options as soon as they become available. Seventy-six percent and 79 percent respectively said they like to have as much payment choice as possible. This bodes well for adoption of new open banking-enabled solutions that are coming to market, but a majority of both samples indicated more information and education about new services is needed.
of consumers like to try new payment options
There's a perception in some quarters that consumers and small businesses lack awareness of open banking. But is that simply because they're unfamiliar with the term? Our research questionnaire was designed to help them understand the concept in terms of its practical benefits.
We asked our sample to imagine a series of features and benefits were available to them through a single financial solution or account. An amazingly positive 70 percent of consumers and 72 percent of small businesses said they'd be likely to use this solution to manage their personal or business' financial affairs.
Across our survey, small business attitudes mimic consumer attitudes in pretty much every sense, yet more small businesses were interested in the features and benefits of open banking-enabled services than our respondents overall. This speaks to their greater desire for control and flexibility over their outgoings stemming from the cash flow issues three quarters of them claim to have suffered as a result of COVID-19. The small business market is a ripe but perhaps yet untapped opportunity for open banking service providers.
We then described a range of account information or payment initiation services and asked consumers and small businesses whether they found these services appealing. Account information services that aggregate information or help people budget proved most popular among our sample overall.
Q. How appealing or not, you find each of the following features and benefits of a single financial solution/account? Base: 14,000 consumers
This is important insight for regulators in regions like Europe, where open banking is currently limited to current and credit accounts. It sends a strong message that a broader remit, such as that in Australia where savings accounts, investment accounts, pension accounts and all in scope, is required. Where there isn't regulation, alternative mechanisms abound. We already see instances of this in the US market, where screen scraping is frequently used by service providers as a means to access their customers' data.
As consumer demand for banking, finance and other services increases, they will pressure their existing service providers – and the corresponding regulators – to make their data securely available. We support this so long as it empowers individuals to assert control over their data in a safe, transparent and sustainable way.
"It sends a strong message that a broader remit is required."
When we explained to respondents that they'd have to securely share access to their personal data with a financial institution or third-party provider in order to access those services, the majority (62%) of consumers were willing to do so. But again, we see heightened interest in developing markets: 88 percent of those in Thailand and India were willing, as were 68 percent in South Africa, where there had been reticence to new payment options.
In the UK, when illustratively compared to last year's UK state of pay research, interest is rising: then, up to just over a third of respondents said they'd be willing to share access to their personal data in in return for a range of open banking products and services. This year's findings, therefore, are encouraging — especially given the uncertainty of the past nine months.
We also noted that younger consumers, who are typically more comfortable using digital services, were more willing to share their personal data than other demographics, which perhaps adds weight to the assumptions above.
Overall, half (51%) of respondents thought the risks of using an open banking-enabled product outweighed the benefits — but that leaves an encouraging 49 percent of respondents who are willing to give open banking a try. And more encouraging for banks, at least, are consumer and small business responses to suggestions that might alleviate those concerns. Over two thirds (68%) percent of respondents said they'd feel most comfortable if a bank was responsible for protecting their personal data.
of consumers are willing to try open banking
We have to acknowledge that our survey respondents didn't have a complete understanding of the mechanisms that enable permissioned sharing of data between financial institutions and third parties in the open banking ecosystem. Third-party providers in Europe alike that want to provide open banking services must all be registered with a National Competent Authority and meet strict security and governance requirements before they can access a customer's data — and only with that customer's explicit permission.
Over and above this, a solution such as Mastercard's Open Banking Protect provides financial institutions with near real-time verification of a third-party provider's licence and certificate to prevent fraud and loss before it occurs. It meanwhile reduces financial institutions' exposure to liability. In July, we announced our collaboration with Aion (a digital bank powered by AI), DiPocket (a wearable pre-paid technology provider) and Modulr (the leading provider of wholesale and commercial transaction banking services for businesses). These financial firms are the latest companies to start using our Open Banking Protect solution to defend themselves and their customers against compromised or unauthorised third-party providers.
Combatting fraud in open banking
Mastercard and Konsentus discuss solutions to protect the open banking ecosystem.
Elsewhere in our survey, we learned that transparency, data security, and responsible behaviour are the most important traits in a financial provider. In the event something does go wrong, another of Mastercard Open Banking Solutions™ can provide redress and secure consumers' and small businesses' trust in the ecosystem.
Open Banking Resolve, provides clarity, consistency and transparency with regards to dealing with enquiries and disputes. Anecdotal feedback from a number of UK financial institutions reveals that so far there have been too few disputes relating to open banking to cause any great concern for them, but we are still convinced of the longer term need for and benefits of centralised and standardised open banking rules, processes and governance. This is something Mastercard is embarking on with numerous key ecosystem participants, leveraging our international card network expertise.
"We learned that transparency, data security, and responsible behaviour are the most important traits in a financial provider."
On this topic of what people want from their financial service provider, some respondents demanded solutions that could be enabled by open banking: 29 percent said 'Products that are personalised to my current situation and needs' and 27 percent said 'Recognises loyalty' — being able to provide such services is all about bringing maximum data together in one place.
The industry should heed these insights when designing, developing and bringing solutions to market. Our specialist open banking Advisors can help financial service providers identify their opportunity and realise it most effectively.
Download our global state of pay research report on what people want 2020/21 to learn more.
[1] We surveyed an equal number of consumers and small businesses in: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, India, Italy, South Africa, the UK, the US, Poland, Spain, Philippines, Peru, and Thailand.
All small business representatives were from an enterprise with less than 50 employees (a 'small business'), of which 71 percent had less than 10 employees (a 'micro-business')
Jim Wadsworth, senior vice president, Mastercard
Jim Wadsworth is senior vice president for Mastercard Open Banking Solutions. Mastercard is developing market-leading applications and services to underpin, enable and safeguard the new open banking ecosystem with solutions that will help to shape the landscape and ensure participants' success. For further information, visit mastercard.com/openbanking
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Dontello: King Croco Range Collection – Grande Italian Calf Leather Briefcase is contemporary in design but classic in its abilities! Perfect for anyone who needs to keep important paperwork and documents well organized. This briefcase features keyfront lock closure (four keys provided), opening directly to a three pocket compartments including: one zippered pocket, two open pockets for personal or business paperwork storing, two pen holders and smart phone/device sleeve. Briefcase also includes signature detachable LED light insert, adjustable/detachable strap option and expandable accordion side for extra storage room. | {
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Last week I had my first ever Award Show on The Cask, be sure to check it out!
So here we are again with another discount single malt Scotch. If you remember from the Award Show Speyburn 10 Year came in 4th place and got me hooked on the search for another great Scotch for a great price.
I definitely didn't find it this week.
A bit about the Tomatin Distillery- Tomatin has been in the Scottish Highlands since the 1800's and they have a wide range of available Single Malts. The 12 year which I had is their "entry level" and it goes all the way up to 36 year.
The price is perfect for a 12 year Single Malt Scotch and while I hadn't heard anything about it at this price - I had to grab it and give it a try.
So unfortunately the Speyburn 10 is still the drastically better Scotch despite being 2 years younger. I mean drastically. I don't know if this Tomatin 12 needed a few more years or if it's just wrong. I got the weirdest tastes, slight bite at the beginning and a touch of burn at the end but soft/smooth as could be in the middle leaving a bit of a honey after taste. That middle smooth part was missing something though. It was almost flavorless at that portion of the experience. It just fell completely flat.
I hate to say it but I think this one's going to be on the shelf for a while, it was basically intolerable without a few ice cubes. The ice helped a lot but it's still borderline. I'll go back to it and see if my opinion changes, but I doubt it. I can tell you that for $32 I have a lot of better options to spend my money on.
Alright guys, let me know if you what you'd like to see on The Cask! As always, have a great weekend and drink some good Whisky! Let me know if you find something good! | {
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This content is from: Chile
Chile: New regulation on indirect sale of shares
Sandra Benedetto
Tomas Bravo
Before Law No. 19.840 entered into force on December 12 2002, the Chilean Income Tax Law (CITL) did not consider gains derived from the sales of shares or rights of a foreign company (a company incorporated abroad) as Chilean source income.
The mentioned law introduced new rules to the case of indirect sales of shares. Indeed, according to such provision, gains obtained by a foreign company from the sale of shares or rights from another foreign company was considered as Chilean source income and accordingly subject to income tax when the purchaser was domiciled or resident in Chile and such acquisition allows it to participate with more than 10% in the profits or ownership of a Chilean entity.
On September 27 2012, a tax reform that modified the indirect sales rule, among other changes, was enacted. According to this new rule, the concept of Chilean source income is broadened. As set forth by this new provision, capital gains obtained on such indirect sale will be taxed in Chile, wherever the purchaser is domiciled, if the foreign company whose shares, quotas or rights are being sold has an underlying assets in Chile.
In general, for this rule to apply, at least 10% of the total shares of the foreign company should be alienated and one of the following two circumstances should be met: (a) 20% of the market value of the foreign company's shares owned by the seller corresponds to Chilean underlying assets; or, (b) the market value of the Chilean underlying assets amounts to 210,000 annual taxable units ($200 million).
This new indirect sale provision is also applicable in case the foreign company being sold is domiciled in a tax haven, unless the parties involved can demonstrate before the Chilean Internal Revenue Service that Chilean residents do not own 5% or more than the equity or profits and at least 50% of the equity or profits of the foreign entity is controlled by shareholders resident in a country that is not a tax haven.
Capital gains which arise from these transactions will be subject to a 35% sole tax which will be borne by the non-Chilean resident seller. For this purpose, the new law also set forth some provisions to define how the gain should be calculated.
How this rule will be applied, and for example, how the calculations to determine the relevant percentages should be made, or how indirect/direct participations will be computed, or the relevant cost determined, or how this regime will deal will international reorganisation processes are still some uncertain matters that should be clarified soon by the Chilean Internal Revenue. It is expected that a pronouncement regarding how this rule will be implemented is issued in the short-term.
This new indirect sales regulation regime shall be necessarily taken into account in case any international transaction that involves Chilean underlying assets is carried. Based on the abovementioned, a thorough analysis should be made from a tax perspective on a case-by-case basis because of the capital gain tax that may arise.
Sandra Benedetto ([email protected]) and Tomas Bravo ([email protected])
Website: www.pwc.com/cl
The material on this site is for financial institutions, professional investors and their professional advisers. It is for information only. Please read our Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy before using the site. All material subject to strictly enforced copyright laws.
© 2019 Euromoney Institutional Investor PLC. For help please see our FAQ.
Chile: Law with changes in Chilean foreign tax credit system published
Chile: Notice to non-Chilean resident entities in the context of the indirect sales pro...
Chile: Transitory regime for goods and income located or perceived abroad
Chile: Indirect transfer rules in light of the Chilean tax treaties | {
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I don't agree with this at all. We did a wonderful Southern Caribbean cruise out of Baltimore on Celebrity before they pulled out of Baltimore. Granted it was a 12 day cruise but it had some awesome ports.
OP I am with you, we would probably sail even more if NCL went out of Baltimore.
I also sailed on Celebrity out of Baltimore and loved it. We also took Empress of the Seas to Bermuda out of Baltimore and loved the 7 day cruise. Grandeur only does 5 days to Bermuda with 1 overnight. I enjoy the extra time on the island and have driven to NYC to sail NCL and Celebrity 7 day cruises to Bermuda. Wish we had more options in Baltimore. The itineraries just don't interest me.
Bridge clearance will keep it to smaller ships, which means older ships, which means less likely to have scrubbers installed or clean engines. Bay bridge: 186'. NCL Getaway: 179'. Verrazano Narrows bridge in NY: 228'.
I've said it before. This problem goes away if they cruise out of Norfolk. There's a beautiful relatively new cruise terminal in downtown Norfolk, no bridges to go under and roughly a couple hours to the open ocean.
Ok. I amend my comment that it is hard to do a 7-day cruise out of Baltimore on a weekly basis to ports beyond the Bahamas. You can do 12 and 14 day cruises, but the market would not sustain back to back Southern Caribbean/South American cruises year round. And, frankly, we don't need another cruise to Port Canaveral and Nassau.
Heyyy! I have been on the Pride twice. 14 days each time.
I liked it a lot and would book again if it is a journeys cruise and I like the itinerary. I did not find it dirty or smelly. It was fine for me. Yes, it was not shiny, bright and modern and at first I said hmmm at the renaissance theme, but it grew on me. It was different. I loved the service. Crew and staff were very friendly. In my opinion food was fine. MDR had better food than some other cruise ships...in my opinion. The alternative dining venues, free and paid, were very good. I did not have the oily pizza experience, but can say that for Guy's Burgers.
Both my cruises were longer ones, hence different demographics from the stereo typed 3 to 7 day cruises. I never had to make more than a round for a deck chair. Lot of open areas, which I preferred 100% over the chicken coop atmosphere on the away class ships (exception of the Escape) and some other ships of other cruise lines where one had to battle for finding a chair in a solarium.
These were my experiences and I would definitely book the Pride again if something I like comes along. Others may have different experiences and I respect them.
Is there a passenger port there? Can't recall anyone cruising big ships from Norfolk. Except for aircraft carriers and guided missile cruisers lol.
Edit: Found it. Carnival. Kind of small can probably serve Gem sized ships and smaller. I think Norfolk needs a new big port with parking - lots of cities in driving distance! I'd even do it from Upstate NY. I hate the idea of flying to a cruise these days. Sure I'll get insurance, but I don't want the unreliable airlines screwing up the vacation I planned so hard for.
We've been on the Sunshine 2X out of Norfolk. 3X glory. And 2 Holland ships back before they pulled out of Norfolk. RCCL used to also have a ship. I really would love to see the port utilized more than just 2 months a year by Carnival. This may the new Sunrise will be going out of Norfolk. We live 15m away so it's super easy. Plenty of parking decks in downtown Norfolk. I don't know why the port isn't used more. I heard rumors about high port taxes.
Except the city doesn't want week long cruises taking up the spaces in the downtown garages. That's why they have parking a couple miles away with shuttle buses. And they don't want you dropping off at the port too, as traffic becomes congested. Instructions for the port ask you to to the parking lot for drop off and parking.
That's why I think a new cruise port in an uncrowded area is needed. There's lots of places it could be done. | {
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How To Eat Low Carbon In Four Simple Steps
Over recent years I've grown steadily more aware of agriculture's negative impact on the planet. It's now understood that food production is responsible for around ⅓ of worldwide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (1). I wanted to find out how I could help reduce this footprint. After researching different diets and foods I came to realise - how and what you eat can have a big influence in reducing carbon emissions. Over the past few months I've been reading lots of research papers, obsessing over the different component parts of food emissions. Now I think I've got a pretty great picture about what constitutes a "low carbon" meal. In this article I'll share what I've learned and give you four simple tips to reduce the footprint of your dinner plate.
Eat Less Meat And Dairy
The first thing that you can do to reduce your food emissions is eat less meat or even cut it out entirely. Indeed, livestock is one of the biggest contributors to the agricultural carbon footprint (2,3,4). Why? Simply put, meat production is incredibly inefficient. It takes a vast amount of energy and resources to rear, slaughter, and prepare an animal to be eaten. To illustrate how inefficient meat is, take the following example: producing 100g of beef protein produces around 50 kg of GHG emissions. That's on average as polluting as producing around 12,500g of pea protein (5).
Dairy is a high-carbon food for the same reasons as meat; it's inefficient to rear and farm the livestock that produces it. Making 100g of cheese protein produces around 11 kg of GHG emissions. This is around 5x worse than a tofu based equivalent or 13x worse than an equivalent made from pulses (6). But, what might surprise you is cheese has worse GHG footprint than chicken, pork and farmed fish (7). So many would do well to treat cheese as an equivalent to meat.
Studies show that if you cut out meat and dairy entirely you could save 35–49% GHG from your diet (8,9,10). So, if you want to be as environmental as possible, you might want to think about going vegan. However, this might be a bit extreme for the majority of people. If you're not looking to cut out meat and dairy entirely, a balanced approach to your diet can still cut out a big chunk of GHG emissions.
For example, limiting meat and dairy consumption to a few meals throughout the week can help you reduce your carbon footprint. Try by having the majority of your meals plant-based, saving meat and dairy to around 2-3 nights a week. By dialing back your meat consumption in this manner you could save around 21% GHG from your diet (11).
It is also beneficial to switch to less carbon-intensive meats. Beef and lamb are routinely cited as the most polluting meats, so try to go for chicken, pork and fish instead. Switching your meat consumption to less polluting livestock can save an average of 20% GHG emissions from your diet (12). Going pescatarian can give you another 7% saving with a 27% GHG reduction in your diet (13). If you're out at a restaurant and decide to eat meat but are struggling to remember what's the greenest option, as a general rule of thumb, lighter meats are less polluting.
By curtailing the amount of meat and dairy you have during the week you can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of your eating. A majority or solely plant based diet is great way to eat the planet green. But there are other factors that you will need to watch out for if you want to further limit your emissions. We'll cover those next.
Avoid Air-Freight At All Cost
Importing food from overseas is not as bad as many may believe. Transport represents a very small portion of the overall GHG impact for most foods (14). That being said, the number of "food miles" added after product leaves the farm gate does incrementally add C02. So it's best to try and eat as locally as you can. But this is not always preferable, see the next section to find out more.
What is more important than distance traveled is the method of transport. Below is a table representing the common forms of food transport and their corresponding C02 impact.
CO2 per tonne transported a kilometer
Air plane (air cargo) 602g
Modern lorry or truck 62g
Modern rail 22g
Modern ship (sea freight) 5-16g
Air freight is by far and beyond the worst offender. Shipping foods by air adds a considerable footprint to the end product, and in turn to your dinner plate. For example, in the UK, if you eat a 250g packet of local Asparagus in-season this represents a carbon footprint of around 125g of GHG. But if you were to eat that same packet air-shipped from Chile it would have a footprint of 3.5kg of GHG (16). Thus the air-freighted asparagus is almost 2x worse in terms of GHG impact than eating the equivalent amount of British lamb (17)!
The problem with air-freight is that most suppliers/supermarkets don't mark the method of transport used when selling produce. So how can you avoid food that has been air-freighted? I came up with a handy acronym OLOS, which can help you make a good estimate:
Out of season locally or Labelled as coming from Overseas and has a Short shelf life = air freight
Good examples of short shelf life foods are: strawberries, sugar-snap peas, tomatoes and lettuce. In general if you stick to the above rule you can avoid the majority of air-freighted goods. However, one way to avoid them all together is to eat seasonally — let's talk about this a bit more in the next section.
Eat Seasonally
It was only relatively recently that the we got used to having a huge range of foods available all year round. The rise of global trade has ushered in unfettered food abundance for wealthier nations. This has been positive in many cases, but has made us forget the bond between our local agricultural calendar and our palate.
By eating in season food you're going to get the tastiest of the produce but also the most environmentally friendly. Seasonal produce is much more local meaning you won't have to worry too much about "food miles" or air-freight (see the previous section). But more importantly, it means that you will also avoid produce that has been grown out-of-season in artificially re-created conditions.
Farmers, under pressure of imported out-of-season goods during the winter, produce 'summer' vegetables in heated greenhouses. This uses considerably more energy than traditional production. Innocent looking vegetables produced in this manner have some of the worst environmental credentials around.
Take British organic tomatoes as an example. Produced in the summer growing months, organic tomatoes have a very favourable impact of 400g GHG per kg - about a 1/10th of the emissions it takes to produce the equivalent weight of a British chicken (18). In contrast, buying organic on-the-vine cherry tomatoes in March means they are produced in heated glasshouses - and their carbon footprint rises to a whopping 50kg GHG per kg (19). This is over two times more GHG per kilogram than British beef, traditionally seen as the most polluting meat (20).
If you eat in season you'll sidestep this problem. Gravitating towards food naturally produced in your local climate. Produce which has been grown with minimal additional energy. It's also incredibly rewarding and fun to eat with the seasons. There are some great resources out there to find out what's in season when. In the UK there's the excellent eat the seasons which has an North American counterpart. BBC also has a handy table which is less accurate but more user friendly.
Around 30–50% of all food produced is wasted before it can be a bought (21). But even more worryingly around 19% purchased food is also wasted (22). This figure represents the amount food that, after purchase, is spoiled or thrown away. Avoiding food waste is important because it causes the farming system to produce an excess of what is actually needed. Obviously more food production means more emissions are generated.
You might think that binning a few mouldy carrots here and there won't have much impact. But that's actually wrong: it's estimated that cutting out all avoidable waste from your diet can give you GHG savings of around 12% of your total diet emissions (23). In other words if you were to waste as little as possible for just a week you would save the same amount of GHG that it takes to drive 61km in an average car produced in 2018 (24). Not bad!
The easiest and simplest way for you to cut down on your food waste is to plan your week's food. Most food is spoiled because it's left in the cupboard or fridge for too long and goes off. Proper meal planning will help you shop correctly and spread ingredients throughout the week. I recommend sitting down on a Sunday and plan out the weeks meals ahead. Be sure to always check what you have already in the fridge or other perishables when doing this.
Conclusion (TLDR)
In summary if you are looking to eat as low-carbon as possible you should:
Cut back or cut out meat and dairy from your diet. If you're not cutting out meat entirely try shifting to less carbon-intensive meats. These include (broadly in order from best to worst): fish, chicken, pork.
Try and eat locally, especially avoiding food that has been air freighted. Use the OLOS method to work out if a food has been air shipped.
Eat seasonally. Adapt your palate and recipes throughout the year. Above all steer clear of out-of-season food that has been produced locally; most likely it has been produced in a heated greenhouse. Buying food produced in a heated greenhouse is environmentally worse than importing.
Reduce your food wastage by planning your weekly meals. Cycle your cupboards and fridge to use leftover produce.
Poore, J., Nemecek, T., 2018. Reducing food's environmental impacts through producers and consumers. Science 360 (6392), 987–992.
Hoolohan C, Berners-Lee M, McKinstry-West J et al. (2013) Mitigating the greenhouse gas emissions embodied in food through realistic consumer choices. Energy Policy 63, 1065–1074.
Foster, C., Green, K., Bleda, M., Dewick, P., Evans, B., Flynn A., Mylan, J. (2006). Environmental Impacts of Food Production and Consumption: A report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. Manchester Business School. Defra, London.
Aleksandrowicz, Lukasz, et al. "The impacts of dietary change on greenhouse gas emissions, land use, water use, and health: a systematic review." PloS one 11.11 (2016): e0165797.
Scarborough, Peter, et al. "Dietary greenhouse gas emissions of meat-eaters, fish-eaters, vegetarians and vegans in the UK." Climatic change 125.2 (2014): 179-192.
Webb, J., Williams, A., Hope, E., Evans D., Moorhouse, E., Do foods imported into the UK have a greater environmental impact than the same foods produced within the UK?, Int J Life Cycle Assess (2013) 18:1325–1343
McKinnon, Alan, and Maja Piecyk. "Measuring and managing Co2 emissions." Edinburgh: European Chemical Industry Council (2010).
Berners-Lee, Mike. How Bad Are Bananas; The Carbon Footprint Of Everything, 2010
Hoolohan C, Berners-Lee M, McKinstry-West J et al. (2013) Mitigating the greenhouse gas emissions embodied in food through realistic consumer choices. Energy Policy 63, 1065–1074. estimates for daily carbon footprint of 8.8kg. Then multiplying for the 7 day week and dividing by figures given for average emissions output of 2018 produced cars. Car emissions procured from SMMT, New Car C02 Report, (2018).
© 2019 Lowly | {
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Two reporters with past ties to a US Muslim Brotherhood organization are currently reporting on events in Egypt for major US news organizations. Associated Press Cairo reporter Hadeel Al-Halchi is a former spokesperson for the Canadian chapter of the Council on American Islamic Relations (CAIR), an organization identified in US court documents as part of the Palestine Committee of the US Muslim Brotherhood. In addition, Los Angeles Times reporter Raja Abdulrahim received a scholarship from CAIR and her writings throughout her career have reflected positions consistent with CAIR's.
Authorities on journalism consulted by GMBDW say that at the very least, the tweets are unprofessional and at worst, suggest a loss of objectivity.
The Qatari government has forced out the moderate leadership of a popular Islamic Web site and plans to reshape it into a more religiously conservative outlet, former employees of the site said Thursday. Sheik Youssef al-Qaradawi, the widely respected cleric who co-founded IslamOnline and is known as a relative moderate, is no longer the head of al-Balagh, the company which funds the Web site, said his secretary, Youssef Aboul-Naga……..Al-Qaradawi is one of most influential voices in Sunni Islam, and has been criticized by more conservative scholars for allowing things like men and women to study together, encouraging Western Muslims to participate in their democracies, and condemning al-Qaida attacks such as Sept. 11.
In fact, IOL had been the most prominent voice of the global Muslim Brotherhood and numerous posts have documented its positions consistent with that role. Qaradawi, a virulent anti-Semite is often referred to here as the most important leader of the global Muslim Brotherhood, an acknowledgement of his role as the de facto spiritual leader of the movement. In 2004, Qaradawi turned down the offer to lead the Egyptian Brotherhood after the death of the Supreme Guide. He is also considered to be the "spiritual guide" for Hamas and his fatwas in support of suicide bombings against Israeli citizens were instrumental in the development of the phenomenon. A recent post has discussed a video compilation of Qaradawi's extremist statements.
Ms. Al-Halchi's Twitter bio describes her as a "Canadian journo covering the Middle East for the Associated Press based in Cairo, Egypt." However, a February 2004 CAIR-Canada press release described her as the " Communications Spokesperson" for the organization. As part of her work at CAIR-Canada she developed "media workshops" for journalists. Documents released in the Holy Land Trial have revealed that the founders and current leaders of CAIR were part of the Palestine Committee of the Muslim Brotherhood as well as identifying the organization itself as being part of the U.S. Brotherhood. A previous post discussed an interview with the Deputy leader of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood in which he confirms a relationship between his organization and CAIR. Investigative research posted on GMBDW had determined that CAIR had it origins in the U.S. Hamas infrastructure and CAIR and it leaders have a long history of defending almost all individuals accused of terrorism by the U.S. government, frequently calling such prosecutions a "war on Islam." US Muslim Brotherhood leader Jamal Badawi is also an important leader of CAIR-Canada as well as being a member of the European Council for Fatwa and Research (ECFR), headed by Youssef Qaradawi.
I decided to respond to Guy Golan's letter ("Jews must help all Arab people") from Monday's Alligator because he erroneously refers to Hamas and Hizbollah as "fundamentalist" and "terror organizations" that have "murdered innocent Israeli civilians."It is time we see this conflict for what it really is — present day Imperialism. These Palestinians are not "terrorizing" Israelis, they are just defending their land and lives.
America will punish only those responsible for this attack and will not launch a full-blown assault on anyone who looks Arab or is Muslim as Israel does in the Middle East. Contrary to what Gilinsky said, Israel does target innocent civilians.
For the last decade, U.S. Muslim organizations have faced criticism that they don't do enough to condemn — or prevent — extremism and terrorism. But now that many of the groups are speaking publicly about the radicalization of Muslim youths and even developing scared-straight-type programs to steer young people away from extremism, they are being criticized in their own community for saying too much. Critics contend that organizations such as the Council on American-Islamic Relations, or CAIR, the Muslim Public Affairs Council and the Muslim American Society are pandering to outsiders who equate Muslims with extremism.
None of this suggests that either Ms. Al-Halchi or Ms. Abdulrahim are deliberately slanting their stories or withholding information but their background does suggest a need for caution.
In addition to his employment at CAIR, Mr. Mowjood has participated in events associated with the US Muslim Brotherhood including as a speaker at the 2006 Annual Conference of the Islamic Shura Council of Southern California along with numerous USMB luminaries including Jamal Badawi, Muzammil Siddiqi, Iqbal Unus, and Salam Al-Marayati. Also speaking at the conference was Laila Al-Arian,, the wife of Sami Arian, the convicted leader of Palestinian Islamic Jihad in the US (see note below).
There is no evidence that Mr. Mowjood is reporting on the Egyptian crisis.
You may also add "Mona Al Naggar" reporting for the NY Times. | {
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Howie Mandel doesn't remember Meghan Markle on 'Deal or No Deal'
Howie Mandel and Meghan Markle Getty Images / NBC (Composite)
Prince Harry 'heartbroken' over royal family tensions since Megxit, friend says
Here's why a royal reunion with Harry and Meghan may not happen
Prince Harry, Meghan Markle to reportedly reunite with royals
Prince Harry and Meghan Markle could quit social media over 'hate' they've received
"Deal or No Deal" host Howie Mandel has no recollection of meeting future royal Meghan Markle, who appeared as a briefcase model on the popular game show for 34 episodes.
"To be honest, I don't even remember her. I don't," Mandel told E! at the NBCUniversal Upfront presentation on Monday. "I'd like to say I do and if she's watching, and she's not right?"
Addressing the camera, he said, "I don't remember you. I've seen a lot of pictures and I don't …"
Markle, who's set to wed Prince Harry on Saturday, was on "Deal or No Deal" from 2006 to 2007 before she went on to star in USA's "Suits."
Mandel joked that despite not remembering Markle, he felt "shunned" not getting an invite to the big day.
"I gave her her start. I'm not gonna watch," he laughed.
It was recently announced that "Deal or No Deal" will be coming back to CNBC.
Video length 2 minutes 4 seconds 2:04
How to get Meghan Markle's $3,000 style on a commoner's budget
Filed under howie mandel , meghan markle , royals , TV , 5/14/18
Nikki Bella's twin says she walked on eggshells before can... | {
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California State Prisons
High Desert Prison (HDSP)
475-750 Rice Canyon Rd., Susanville, CA 96127, (530) 251-5100
This is a maximum security prison in Northern California. It has an electrified fence surrounding the perimeter of our level III and IV facilities which provides a secure and cost effective method for preventing escapes.
Susanville is located in far eastern California, with the closest city being Reno, Nevada about 100 miles south. The majority of the prison's roughly 3,000 inmate population is comprised of younger inmates who are serving long sentences and/or those who have proven to be management problems while in prison.
The prison offers vocational programs, educational programs, and work assignments for those inmates who are willing to participate. The prison is designed to house inmates with disabilities who require specialized placement to accommodate accessibility issues under the Americans with Disability Act (ADA).
The prison was completed in 1995. It is at 4,000 feet elevation, so it experiences cold winters, especially given its location just miles from the Nevada border.
Nevada has a prison within its state called the High Desert State Prison, too. It is located about 40 miles outside Las Vegas.
High Desert Prison (HDSP) :: Susanville Criminal Defense Attorney Greg Hill & Associates | {
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We have a great selection of English as an additional language resources. With the increasing number of children entering school for whom English is not the primary language at home, it is important for schools to offer the support needed for students to learn and understand your lessons. Our English as an additional language resources provide you with all you need to do just this. | {
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Kyle & Rut's Racing Roots: Kevin Harvick
By Daniel McFadinSep 28, 2016, 9:00 AM EDT
Watch this clip from the first episode of Kyle & Rut's Racing Roots with Kyle Petty and Rutledge Wood. The two venture to Bakersfield, California, to explore the origins of Kevin Harvick's racing career. The show airs on Sunday at 7 p.m. ET | {
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An epic flying safari across Africa exploring remote areas via small-flight plane. Spend your days travelling between countries in search of an incredible amount of wildlife.
A unique and unforgettable opportunity of a lifetime to experience Africa by air - from £21,150 per person, excluding international flights and gorilla permits.
This action-packed 36-day adventure sees you soar through the skies of Africa, aiming to introduce you to the best of this incredible landscape by air. You will visit Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Botswana, Mozambique and many more over the course of 36 days, witnessing sights such as Victoria Falls, the Serengeti and Lake Malawi. You'll meet your experienced guides Luca and Antonella, whose long-standing passion for Africa is evident; throughout the trip you'll learn more about this incredible continent as Luca shares his extensive knowledge of tribes, birds and the environment with you.
You'll discover the Skeleton Coast, Red Dunes desert, the Caprivi Strip and many more, plus spot wildlife such as elephant, lion and hippo from a birds-eye perspective. Between your scenic flights you will also track gorillas and take game drives in Etosha National Park! This unforgettable trip really is like no other; there is no set flight path – if there is an area which you'd like to see closer, then the plane can fly low for a closer look. This is a truly unique and wild adventure!
Explore some of Africa's most beautiful areas by air.
Witness sights such as Victoria Falls, the Okavango Delta and the dramatic Virunga Mountains.
Track the mountain gorillas, witness the annual wildebeest migration and relax on private islands.
Led by expert pilot, guide and conservationist, Luca Belpietro.
Explore some of Africa's top destinations by plane on this epic safari; from the red deserts of Namibia, to the wildlife rich Serengeti in Tanzania.
You will arrive in Nairobi and be flown to Campi ya Kanzi where you will meet Luca and Antonella. They created this beautiful lodge in partnership with the Maasai. You will have the chance to run through the itinerary, go on game drives or horse riding if you wish. Alternatively, you may choose to re-energise at the wellness centre in preparation for your upcoming adventure!
Your journey begins with a scenic flight towards the Virunga Mountains, a chain of 15,000ft volcanoes that stretches through Rwanda, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Your accommodation for the next few days is situated close to the Parc National des Volcans, in the foothills of the Virungas. During your time here you will spend your days tracking mountain gorillas, hoping to catch a glimpse of these incredible creatures.
You will embark on a spectacular two-hour flight over Lake Victoria, the Serengeti plains and kopjes, ending in northern Tanzania. You'll witness some unforgettable sights from the air on this journey! You will stay at Namiri Plains Camp, which is the perfect base from which to explore the rich array of wildlife in this area. You'll spend your time here out experiencing the sights of the great migration; prepare yourself for nature's greatest show!
You will depart the Serengeti plains, taking a picturesque flight over diverse terrain and waters to the magnificent Lake Malawi. Here, you can relax at camp Kaya Mawa for the next two days; you may opt to go scuba diving, kayaking or wake-boarding in the calm, clear waters that surround the camp. Alternatively, you can just unwind in the spectacular surrounds and recount the amazing experiences of the last few days with your new friends.
After your days of relaxation you will board the plane to fly to Zambia. You will soar over the Luangwa Valley, Lake Kariba and even Victoria Falls; a truly spectacular experience! Arriving at Royal Chundu, you will be able to visit the magnificent Victoria Falls and Zambezi river during your time here.
Fly over the Caprivi Strip to the dry desert. You will be able to explore Etosha National Park during your time here where you can spot white rhino, zebra and elephant. Etosha National Park is one of Africa's largest nature reserves and is home to over 114 mammals such as lion, cheetah and springbok and over 340 species of birds. A large part of this extreme environment consists of salt pan, which remains white and cracked in its appearance for most of the year, morphing in the extreme heat to create a unique-looking terrain!
Another incredible flight takes you to one of the most spectacular places in the world; Damaraland. Comprised of valleys, flat-topped mountains and rocky terrains, this striking environment is located 90km from the Skeleton Coast. It is home to the desert-adapted elephant, black rhino, springbok and greater kudu. Damaraland's unique landscape offers endless photo opportunities, and during your time here you can enjoy nature walks and drives, hoping to spot some of the wildlife that resides here.
Today marks the last day of leg one of this magnificent flying safari. You will fly over the remote, dramatic wild landscape where desert and ocean meet; you may even be lucky enough to see elephants arriving at the water's edge! You will arrive at Naankuse Lodge, where you will take a short yet luxurious break to mark the end of the first part of your incredible flying adventure.
Today some guests will head back to Windhoek to fly home, whilst others will join for the second leg of this wildlife packed adventure. The lodge is located just 30 minutes from the airport, and you can enjoy activities such as the 'Carnivore Feeding Tour', where you can watch leopards, wild dogs and baboons be fed, spot cheetahs on a 'Cheetah Walk' or go on a guided nature walk.
You will begin the second leg of your air safari with a spectacular flight over the Kalahari and the Red Dunes desert. You will arrive at Red Dunes Lodge which is situated on a natural island in the dry lake, and can only be reached by a 120m wooden boardwalk. Here, you can take game drives and walks through the Kalahari Desert. You can climb the magnificent 30 metre dunes in an off-road vehicle and spot the animals and vegetation of this barren land.
You will head into the skies for a scenic flight across to the Okavango Delta in Botswana. It will be a flight of contrasts as you cross the Kalahari Desert to the lush vegetation of the Okavango Delta. This concession is renowned for its lion and leopard who come here to stalk the red lechwe that graze around the flats. Enjoy game drives, boating, fishing and mokoro trips (water levels dependent).
Departing the waters of the Okavango Delta, you will take another spectacular flight toward the waters of the Zambezi, soaring over the beautiful landscapes of Zimbabwe. You will arrive at Singita Pamushana Lodge. Pamushana is owned by the Malilangwe Trust, an organisation which aims to help conserve the wildlife and habitat of the region. You will have three days here to explore the outstanding surroundings of this lodge and relax before the rest of your upcoming adventure.
Fly over the Zimbabwe kopjes to Mana Pools. The mighty Zambezi River flows from Lake Kariba through the Lower Zambezi Valley, a huge rift in the earth's crust. Over the millennia the Zambezi has rushed through this valley creating islands, channels and sandbanks. Old river meanders, left in the mineral-rich volcanic soils, have formed into small ox-bow lakes surrounded by lush vegetation and tall old stands of mahogany and ebony. This abundance of water and luxuriant greenery accounts for the valley's wealth of big game. Here you will have our own private mobile camp with the opportunity for fabulous walking safaris.
Another incredible flight takes you from the wilderness of Mana Pools to the pristine waters of Lake Malawi. You will stay at Nkwichi Lodge, which is nestled on the shores of Lake Malawi among baobabs on an unspoilt white sandy beach. You can discover a lost world here; go snorkelling in the clear waters and appreciate the exceptional lakeside scenery.
You will journey by air from Lake Malawi to the Indian Ocean. Despite its location in one of the wildest places on earth, Vamizi is set among the Quirimbas Archipelago in mellow waters just off of Northern Mozambique. Vamizi may appear to be the epitome of barefoot luxury, but the ocean waters offer a host of exciting activities such as fishing, diving, snorkelling and kayaking. You also have the opportunity to go on whale-watching trips during your time at this tropical paradise!
Again, you will experience contrasting landscapes as you fly to Selous Game Reserve in Tanzania. You will stay at Sand Rivers Selous, which was created by Luca's friend and Chyulu Hills conservation partner Richard Bonham. During your time here you can go on game drives and walks in Selous Game Reserve. Spanning 45,000km sq. and comprised of grassy plains, open woodland and mountainous areas, Selous is a spectacular and diverse terrain. You may spot wildebeest, baboon, zebra and giraffe here!
You will fly over the Indian Ocean coast to Tsavo and then to Campi ya Kanzi, which is the last stop on your truly epic air journey. At Campi ya Kanzi you can enjoy game walks and horse rides and indulge in massages and yoga sessions to re-energise after your incredible adventure.
Today you will be flown to Nairobi where you will bid farewell to your new friends in time for your onward flight. If you wish to extend your safari please let us know.
This is a small group departure, please see dates & prices for more details. This trip is available as separate parts (17 days or 19 days) or combined (36 days).
2017 Departures are sold out, please get in touch for 2018 departure dates. Or speak to us and we can put together a private, tailor made option.
Luxurious safari accommodation within the Mushara Reserve, Mushara Outpost is close to Etosha National Park overlooking a waterhole.
A luxurious and innovative camp, Damaraland Camp is located in Huab River Valley; the most pristine wilderness area in Namibia.
A luxurious lodge within Malilangwe, Pamushana Lodge is excellent for spotting big cats and game. | {
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Today is Women's Day and there is a hullabaloo about the Women's Reservation Bill being passed in the Indian Parliament. But it makes no sense to me. Reservation has never made sense after liberalisation took place in the early 90s. About women's reservation in particular - I wonder how it will bring about any development? Politicians are politicians - whether men or women and there is no guarantee (well, I am sure) that women politicians will do nothing to uplift their kind. Take two of our greatest examples. Mayawati keeps harping on the Dalit issue (which is no issue) and Mamta Banerjee spent half the railway budget on Bengalis.
Whatever makes us think that more women in the government will lead to a better country? Can't women be cunning or hypocritical or corrupt like the rest of the political community? And I am surprised that everyone is falling for this eyewash and hailing the Women's Bill as some kind of revolution. Puhleez! Even the media is lapping it up like crazy. Sorry, but I dont share the enthusiasm. If anything, I have my own reservations about that things will get worse, with uneducated, uninformed and uninterested women using up the quota just to fill up their bank balances.
Instead, we could have announced better education and social policies for women. Educating girls should be our top priority to really make a difference. They should be given social security if there are dumped by their alcoholic husbands or indifferent children.
But instead, we are making a mockery of the whole system and filling it up with whoever gets the reservation.
Reservations should only be restricted to meritorious candidates, whether in the government or in schools and colleges. How does being from a certain caste or religion make one person more worthy of entering an institution than another who is more sincere and dedicated?
As the Bill is tabled in Parliament today, I have a feeling it may be passed by a party that wants to 'look good'. We will soon end up with a bunch of mother/daughter/sister puppets who will be sitting in the government controlled by the same bunch of morons who are messing up our country today.
-It shd be a lower proportion. 33% is way too high, especially when one considers the fact that other seats are also open to strong women candidates to win.
-The logic of having seats reserved by rotation is convoluted, as people have correctly pointed out that it will lead to netas not really nursing their seats, and perhaps, even more short termism. Though people could start identifying themselves with parties rather than individuals more strongly in an ideal scenario.
-The experience with panchayats, as the other fellow points out, has certainly indicated nothing to the contrary. Governance has definiely not slipped, and whatever be the proportion, a significant number of the women who have benefitted are not necessarily 'puppets'.
-Most importantly, since India is hardly unique in terms of women's exploitation or now, emancipation, it is critical that we set a limit to this lot of reservations. The bill seems to indicate a 15 year period somewhere, which we all know will be extended. But a generation shd be more than enough by any stretch, so I would make it 25 years, with a specific proviso that reservations have to go after that.
Genial brief and this enter helped me alot in my college assignement. Thank you as your information.
Why is hockey still our national game? | {
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Q: Intel Proset/Wireless Software fails to install I have a samsung laptop with window 7 Home Premium. I wanted to update my WiFi driver coz previous version get corrupted. I downloaded the Intel Proset/Wireless Software 15.0.0.75 from Samsung website. When i execute the setup, installation did start. It continues for few mins then give error "iChain.exe has stop working" and the installation ends without completion.
please help
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Archive for the tag "debut author"
Author Tracy Farr, photo: Liane McGee
Tracy Farr's debut novel The Life and Loves of Lena Gaunt featured in the October soiree of Friday Night Fictions. Dame Lena Gaunt is in her 80s. She takes gentle doses of heroin, she swings between men and women as lovers and confidantes, she moves with the times via Perth, Sydney, various parts of Asia and New Zealand, all the while dreaming of her electrified passion: the theremin (see Clara Rockmore playing it).
As Lena raises her fingers and moves her body, Farr's lyrical and elegant prose places us in the picture — an audience for memories and music — as Lena negotiates a documentary crew keen to capture a look-back at her life. The idea of documentary sets up a dynamic tension between what Lena wants to reveal, and what actually happened to her. She occasionally hides behind the persona of a vague elderly lady, all the while sorting out just who she can trust.
I'm always drawn to writers who pack an emotional punch by holding things back. Jon Bauer does it well. Jo Case and Annabel Smith too. It's something I aim for in my writing: to not tell readers what to feel, but to hope they feel it deeply anyway.
It's exciting to read a debut novelist as exciting as Farr, as she has a career set in writing novels. Her fiction is strong and unique. She is about to head (from Wellington in NZ) to Perth for the writers' festival. I spoke to her about how to capture a long life in fiction.
Do you remember the moment when you decided you wanted to be a writer?
I don't remember one moment. The 'want' was there from a young age. I wrote mostly songs and narrative poems when I was a kid, and I always kept journals and notebooks for scribbling and sketching. It wasn't until I was in my late twenties that I started trying to write stories, though. Even then, I was tentative and unsure about my abilities. I was slow to come out of the author-closet and declare myself even a wanna-be writer.
What inspired you to set out on the long road to writing a novel?
There are several unfinished novels in the bottom drawer; Lena wasn't my first attempt at writing a novel, just the first one that was worth finishing. When I first started trying to write fiction, it was writing a novel that I had in mind — or a novella, in the vein of Brenda Walker's Crush and One More River. But I just didn't have the staying power — I'd get ten or twenty thousand words in, even forty thousand, then hit a big wall. I pulled back; I wondered if I could somehow develop my writing muscles by writing short stories, and that seemed to work for me. The novel and short story are very different forms, but I needed to learn how to write by learning to write short stories. Once I had the idea for Lena Gaunt, I realised I could trick myself into writing that novel by thinking of it as a series of related short stories. I've learnt enough through the process of writing this novel that I haven't felt the need to trick myself into the next novel in the same way.
What is it that you love most about writing?
Moving words around until they start to sing; inventing other lives; surprising myself; shutting myself away and (literally or metaphorically) curving my arm around the page to write and write and write and perfect before letting the words out to the world.
I love what comes after the writing, too; that once my novel is out in the world, what I intended as its meaning is irrelevant — it comes down to what the text says to a reader, and how the reader receives it. I love the idea that there are readings of the book that I haven't foreseen (or consciously invited, or intended), and that it has a life beyond and without me.
What do you put off doing when you sit down at your desk?
Housework (happily). Gardening (wistfully). Socialising (guiltily). Television/DVDs (smugly). Reading (mournfully).
How did you go about getting the book published?
It was a long, long road. When I finished the first polished draft of the novel, I didn't — I still don't — have an agent and I knew that, without one, I needed to rely on my contacts, and/or submit it to the few publishers that will still accept unsolicited manuscripts directly from authors. Several of the publishers I fancied fell within that set, so I thought I'd give it a go without an agent.
So I sent that finished, but early, draft of the novel to a New Zealand publisher who I'd been in touch with over the years, and who'd been keen to see a novel from me. They knocked it back. I was devastated, even though I'd been pretty sure that the novel I'd written wasn't the novel they were looking for from me, and even though I knew the novel needed more work, and wasn't yet the best it could be. In that devastated, desolate, rejected state, I fired the MS off in a mad hurry — as it was, still needing work — to the slush pile of an Australian publisher. That rejection, when it came, hurt less. I pulled my head in, paused, took a breath.
I worked for a solid six months on a major revision, overhauled the MS, took in comments from my wonderful early readers, then sent the much-improved MS, unsolicited, to Fremantle Press. Fremantle Press was always in my sights as a natural home for the novel, particularly because the story was so strongly grounded in place, and that place was Cottesloe Beach, near where I grew up in Perth. It was nearly six months after sending them the MS that I received the news that they were keen, but thought it still needed work; would I consider working with them to revise the MS? Yes, I would. We worked back and forth for nearly eighteen months — slowly, but as fast as their schedule and mine allowed — on the MS before, in June 2012, we signed the contract to publish.
Your writing moves between Perth, Sydney, New Zealand, and various parts of Asia. How did you go about researching and recreating these very different parts of the world?
I'm originally from Perth, I lived there until I was nearly 30. I left Perth in 1991, the year the contemporary part of the novel is set, so Perth in 1991 is very real, very specific to me, sort of set in amber — a time before mobile phones and the internet, before we were all connected. When I started writing the novel I was living for a month in Perth, up in the hills at Katharine Susannah Pritchard Writers' Centre as Writer in Residence, and I'd catch the bus and the train and the bus to Cottesloe and walk around and breathe the air, watch the light, listen to the streets, when I needed to remind myself of the setting.
I've spent time in most of the places the novel is set in. The sections of the novel that are set in Sydney I originally set in New York, where the theremin was actually invented in the 1920s. But I only knew New York from movies and, more importantly, I wanted to move firmly away from the 'real' characters — Leon Theremin, Clara Rockmore — who had inspired my characters and their story, and move them closer to what was home for Lena. It was only when I started rewriting scenes from their New York setting that I realised the gift that a move to Sydney in the timeframe of that section would give me: Sydney Harbour Bridge under construction. I layered research on Sydney in the 1920s and early 1930s with my own memories of a long summer spent in Sydney at the age of 16 (about Lena's age when she arrives there).
I had fantastic resources to draw on for the sections of the novel set in (and travelling to) Singapore and Malacca. My paternal grandmother shares with the fictional Lena Gaunt a birth place and year (Singapore, 1910), childhood in Singapore and Malacca, and jaunts back to boarding school in Perth, and in writing Lena's story I leaned heavily on stories my grandmother told me over the years, as well as written resources from her father, my great-grandfather. I was able to overlay their experience of South-East Asia early in the twentieth century with mine of the same places sixty or seventy years later.
In all of these very specific settings, though, I wasn't aiming for strict historical realism. I was seeking to create a version of each time and place that was intensely believable within the context of the novel, yet was — filtered through Lena's eyes and experiences — slightly off-true, off-kilter.
The novel shifts from historical to contemporary fiction as you trace Lena's life. How difficult was it to structure this so it moves seamlessly?
That was one of the biggest challenges in the revision process. I wrote the contemporary sections quite separately from the historical sections, and I wrote each of those historical sections quite separately from the other historical sections. There was also a whole other part of the novel in earlier drafts — it didn't make it in the final cut — in the voice of the filmmaker character, Mo Patterson, and stretching forward in time to the 2010s. I worked hard, through revisions, on the relative weights (in word length as well as emotional weight) of the sections, and on where and how to interleave the contemporary sections with the historical sections. I found it really interesting that in the final structural revision — a really fantastic process of tightening and fine-tuning, and the murder of a few darlings — some of the most effective changes were those that shifted a paragraph or even a whole chapter, say from the end of one section to the start of the next; it was unpicking the endpoints that were artefacts from my writing process. Working collegially with my editors was a really pleasant and unexpectedly energising part of the publishing process; I had great editors, and I always felt as if my book and I were in safe hands.
With your lyrical prose, you beautifully capture the magic of the theremin. When did you come up with the idea of Lena playing this mesmerising instrument and was the character based on an existing figure?
Lucie Rosen and the theremin, Caramoor Centre for Music and the Arts
I'd first seen the theremin played live when I went to see the band Pere Ubu in Vancouver in the mid-90s. Mesmerising is just the word; I couldn't take my eyes off it. It was more than ten years later that I watched the documentary Theremin: An Electronic Odyssey. The film — a history of this bizarre musical instrument and its inventor, Lev Termen (usually anglicised as Leon Theremin) — was where I encountered Clara Rockmore, the first virtuoso player of the theremin. About that time, I'd started writing notes, circling around a character I wanted to write about, a musician. I knew, when I watched that film, that I'd found Lena's instrument — an instrument you play without touching was perfect. But I knew I didn't want to base my character, Lena, strictly on Clara, so I more or less stopped my research then and there. Film and still images of Clara — from a young girl to an old woman — in the documentary gave me some really strong visual cues for Lena. I started with a lot of notes based on my recollection of the film, then as I developed the character, I aimed to distance myself and Lena from the film and from real life events. Clara Rockmore was a starting point for Lena, rather than a model.
Do you have a writing community where you live? Do you like the company of other writers when working on drafts, or are you someone who prefers to go it alone?
Wellington has a really strong community of writers and people who care about writing and books. We have the International Institute of Modern Letters at Victoria University, and writing courses at Whitireia and Massey University; New Zealand Book Council is based in Wellington, and we have an active local branch of the NZ Society of Authors. There's always something happening.
That said, my tendency is to be a loner; but there are times when the input and company of others has been hugely helpful. I've been part of writing groups at various times, mostly arising from workshops or classes I've taken. Being able to sit in that classroom or living room or cafe, to swap writing, to give and take criticism and comment, is a great thing. But I do find that the more my time is squeezed and limited and precious, the more likely I am to just shut the door on everyone else and write, by myself. It's much later in the process that I seek the company of others.
What is the most important thing you've learned in the process of writing your first novel, that you wish you knew at the beginning?
Be patient. The process takes a long time. Don't rush. Find a great editor/editors, and trust her/them.
Which authors have been instrumental to your own reading and writing?
My first loves were my parents' books from their childhoods: A.A. Milne in my dad's precious editions from the 1940s; Enid Blyton from Mum. As a teenager, I read widely — I spent a lot of time in the school and public libraries — but developed obsessions with authors who I'd focus in on at different times: science fiction writers (Arthur C. Clarke, Asimov, John Wyndham, Ray Bradbury); the murder mysteries of Agatha Christie (after an earlier diet of Trixie Belden, Nancy Drew, Famous Five, Secret Seven et al.); an assorted bunch of American writers (J.D. Salinger, Paul Zindel, Sylvia Plath, John Steinbeck, Richard Brautigan); the short stories of Katherine Mansfield.
By the time — years later, in my late twenties — I was starting to try to work out how I might write, I was reading and inspired by Helen Garner, Beverley Farmer, Brenda Walker, Elizabeth Jolley, Peter Carey, Tim Winton; Patrick White, too. I was in love with Australian writing. I was in love with women writers: Virginia Woolf, Jeanette Winterson, Angela Carter, A.S. Byatt. I somehow didn't discover Alice Munro and Carol Shields until I lived in Canada — they joined my pantheon. Men got a look-in too: Martin Amis, Ian McEwan, Julian Barnes, Jim Crace. Moving to New Zealand in the mid-90s, I was struck most by the poetry that runs through this country's literature (poetry and prose) — Elizabeth Smither, Jenny Bornholdt, Bill Manhire, Sarah Quigley, Fiona Kidman, Damien Wilkins, Ian Wedde.
This is a very white, very anglo list, I know. But the writers who have influenced me most have been overwhelmingly white, writing in English from the mid- to late-twentieth century onwards.
My reading (I've resisted the silly urge to qualify and diminish this with 'for pleasure'; all of my fiction reading is for pleasure) always circles back to one early obsession: murder mysteries and thrillers. I return again and again to Ian Rankin, Val McDermid, Peter Temple (a recent discovery), Ruth Rendell, P.D. James, John Le Carré, Henning Mankell; I find strange comfort in reading and re-reading Lee Child's Jack Reacher novels. One of my early, unfinished novel MS is a murder mystery; I still fancy writing one, one day.
Your central character, Lena, lives into her 80s. How do you see yourself when you reach this age?
I look to my grandmothers. I was thinking a lot about them when I wrote this novel, and I dedicated it to them. At eighty, both of them were feisty, active, interesting, stroppy, interested, full of life and opinions. I hope I'm the same. I see myself as a kick-arse crone.
For more about Tracy Farr, or her debut novel, visit her website.
Each month I choose a debut author to profile from Friday Night Fictions. Read interviews with Michael Adams and Nina Smith. Next up is Laura Jean McKay, writer of the short story collection, Holiday in Cambodia — from the November soiree.
WHAT ABOUT YOU, DEAR READER? HOW WOULD YOU LIKE TO BE WHEN YOU TURN 80? OR ARE YOU ALREADY THERE AND CAN OFFER SOME ADVICE?
Posted in Australian Women Writers, Book Reviews, Debut authors, Friday Night Fictions, Novels, Writers + Writing and tagged australian women writers, clara rockmore, debut author, first novel, friday night fictions, life and loves of lena gaunt, theremin, tracy farr | {
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The Multifamily Firm is proud to present the exclusive right of sale for the Arlington Antigua Apartments in Sarasota Florida. Arlington Antigua is a 15-unit complex that consists of three buildings on one parcel of land. The property features a rare & outstanding unit mix of One, 3 bedroom / 2 bathroom unit, Nine, 2 bedroom / 2 bathrooms units, One, 2 bedroom / 1 bathroom unit, and Four, 1 bedroom / 1 bathroom units. With 67% percent of the units having two bathrooms, the property offers superior competitive advantage, and provides strong upside to increase rents with a strategic interior/exterior renovation plan.
Arlington Antigua consists of two buildings, which are vintage two-story 1970's solid concrete block construction, and one, wood frame building that has a concrete slab foundation. All the units are equipped with tile flooring throughout, and some of the windows were replaced in the past. Over the last year & half, seven of the units were updated. The exact updates vary between each unit, however, the updates included 4 units with new granite counter-tops, 3 with new Formica counter-tops, all with new kitchen cabinet doors / painted cabinet boxes, 2 with new kitchen cabinets, new appliances as needed, and 6 units with new bathroom vanities.
All said, Arlington Antigua is tremendous opportunity to acquire a rare 67% two-bathroom unit mix multifamily property with strong upside, in a highly demanded section of Sarasota Florida! | {
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In today's world, technology moves fast. One has to keep a reasonable pace to keep up. In every industry, as well as in our personal lives, the role technology plays is an important one, none more so than in the industry of health care.
The evolution of medical technology has come a long way from when Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.) had his first consult and documented a patient's process. Of course, a lot more data and devices are now used to treat someone.
Since this ancient time, an expansion of knowledge and medical technology have become key to saving lives and improving the health of an entire community.
Medical technology is now a huge field, and encompasses areas like biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, information technology or the development of complex medical devices or state-of-the-art equipment. Any medical innovations in these areas mean doctors, nurses and a variety of health care professionals can continue to find ways to make a positive impact on how to improve patient care.
The use of electronic medical records, or connecting patients and doctors thousands of miles away through telemedicine, or mobile technologies like tablets and smart phones or the practice of fast interoperability applications have the great ability to improve the efficiency of care.
It is CHRISTUS Health's use of these fast and secure medical technologies that recently earned the health system recognition once again by the American Hospital Association's Health Forum. This is the second year the health system has received a Most Wired® award.
A Most Wired® facility helps highly trained medical staff and clinicians lose the traditional constraints of a hospital's four walls. They no longer have a tether that holds them to one hard-wired computer. Clinicians often need mobile access to information one would need when making fast decisions. Results, reports, details on drugs, research and studies, patient history or records – are all available within mere seconds at their fingertips and on different devices as they make rounds through a hospital or clinic setting.
CHRISTUS' progress toward getting valuable health information communicated to patients and other key members of a patient's care team is crucial in making the most appropriate decisions on how and where to deliver the best care possible.
CHRISTUS Health's Senior Vice President and Chief Information Officer George Conklin is especially proud of the award because it means CHRISTUS is continuing to harness technology, engage patients and offer services remotely.
Health care continues to face some unique regulatory challenges affecting hospitals and health systems. Information technology has been instrumental in redefining the way that CHRISTUS meets those changes while providing a value-based continuum of care and building a solid foundation of patient engagement with the individual's lifestyle in mind. This means CHRISTUS' Infomation Technology must offer patients electronic access to their health information and provide clinicians with effective analysis tools. The goal is to eliminate possible gaps in care or hospital readmissions in a time when the focus is on pay-for-performance which means hospitals and health systems must provide the best patient experience and the best clinical outcomes.
CHRISTUS Health's 2016 Most Wired® award recognizes those efforts and provides a benchmarking study. The study acts as a leading industry barometer measuring information technology (IT) use and adoption among hospitals nationwide. HealthCare's Most Wired® survey, conducted between Jan. 15 and March 15, 2016, is published annually by Health & Hospitals Networks (H&HN). The survey of 680 participants, representing an estimated 2,146 hospitals—more than 34 percent of all hospitals in the U.S.—examines how organizations like CHRISTUS are leveraging IT to improve performance for value-based health care in the areas of infrastructure, business and administrative management; quality and safety; and clinical integration.
CHRISTUS' Chief Information Officer says receiving the Most Wired®award is a big deal in the medical industry, but it also verifies to the communities we serve that CHRISTUS is keeping the pace with technology all in an effort to transform lives.
"It shows we are using the latest in technology to help us provide you with better care and better service," said Conklin. | {
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Federico est un prénom masculin espagnol et italien, dérivé de Frédéric. Il est notamment porté par :
Prénom
A-B-C
Federico Agliardi (né en 1983), joueur italien de football
Federico Ambrosio (né en 1989), joueur italien de rink hockey
Federico Andahazi (né en 1963), écrivain argentin
Federico Andrada (né en 1994), joueur argentin de football
Federico Malo Andrade (1859-1932), homme d'affaires équatorien
Federico Andreotti (1847-1930), peintre italien
Federico Arcos (1920-2015), militant anarchiste catalan
Federico Axat (né en 1975), écrivain argentin de thriller
Federico Bahamontes (né en 1928), coureur cycliste espagnol
Federico Balzaretti (né en 1981), joueur italien de football
Federico Barba (né en 1993), joueur italien de football
Federico Bellazzi (1825-1868), homme politique italien
Federico Bencovich (1667-1753), peintre baroque italien
Federico Bernardeschi (né en 1994), joueur italien de football
Federico Bocchia (né en 1986), nageur italien de nage libre
Federico Bonaventura (1555-1602), philosophe et humaniste italien
Federico Bonazzoli (né en 1997), joueur italien de football
Federico Bondi (né en 1975), réalisateur italien
Federico Bruno (né en 1993), athlète argentin en demi-fond
Federico Burchio (né en 1996), coureur cycliste italien
Federico Busonero (né en 1955), photographe italien
Federico Caffè (1914-1987/98), économiste italien
Federico Campanella (1804-1884), homme politique et patriote italien
Federico Canuti (né en 1985), coureur cycliste italien
Federico Castellón (1914-1971), peintre et graveur américain
Federico Cattaneo (né en 1993), athlète sprinteur italien
Federico Cervelli (1625-1700), peintre italien
Federico Cesi (1585-1630), scientifique et naturaliste italien
Federico Chaves (1882-1978), homme politique paraguayen
Federico Chiesa (né en 1997), joueur italien de football
Federico Colbertaldo (né en 1988), nageur italien de nage libre
Federico Baldeschi Colonna (1625-1691), cardinal italien
Federico Commandino (1509-1575), humaniste et mathématicien italien
Federico Confalonieri (1785-1846), patriote italien
Federico Consolo (1841-1906), violoniste et compositeur italien
Federico Conti (?-1477), typographe et éditeur italien
Federico Craveri (1815-1890), géologue et naturaliste italien
Federico Crescentini (1982-2006), joueur saint-marinais de football
Federico Curiel (1917-1985), réalisateur et producteur mexicain
D-E-F-G
Federico D'Incà (né en 1976), homme politique italien
Federico De Robertis (né en 1962), compositeur et chanteur italien
Federico De Roberto (1861-1927), écrivain italien
Federico Delbonis (né en 1990), joueur argentin de tennis
Federico Delpino (1833-1905), botaniste italien
Federico Dimarco (né en 1997), joueur italien de football
Federico Echave (né en 1963), coureur cycliste espagnol
Federico Faggin (né en 1941), physicien et inventeur italien
Federico Faruffini (1833-1869), graveur et peintre italien
Federico Fazio (né en 1987), joueur argentin de football
Federico Fellini (1920-1993), réalisateur et scénariste italien
Federico Fernández (né en 1989), joueur argentin de football
Federico Gastón Fernández (né en 1989), joueur argentin de handball
Federico Ferrari (né en 1969), philosophe et critique d'art italien
Federico Ferrone (né en 1981), réalisateur italien
Federico Figner (1866-1947), réalisateur tchèque
Federico Brito Figueroa (1921-2000), historien marxiste et anthropologue vénézuélien
Federico Finchelstein (né en 1975), historien argentin
Federico Franchi (1974-2018), disc jockey italien
Federico Franco (né en 1962), président du Paraguay
Federico Fratini (1828-1877), homme politique italien
Federico Frezzi (), théologien et poète italien
Federico Galeaz (né en 1936), coureur cycliste italien
Federico Borrell García (1912-1936), milicien anarcho-syndicaliste espagnol
Federico Gasperoni (né en 1976), joueur saint-marinais de football
Federico Gay (1896-1989), coureur cycliste italien
Federico Andres Genoud (né en 1981), joueur argentin de rugby
Federico Ghiotto (né en 1963), coureur cycliste italien
Federico Grabich (né en 1990), nageur argentin de nage libre
Federico Tinoco Granados (1868-1931), homme d'État et président du Costa Rica
Federico Carlos Gravina y Nápoli (1756-1806), amiral espagnol
Federico Grisone (), écuyer napolitain
Federico Ibarra Groth (né en 1946), compositeur mexicain
Federico Gualdi (), alchimiste italien
H-I-K-L
Federico Halbherr (1857-1930), archéologue et épigraphiste italien
Federico Rodriguez Hertz (né en 1973), mathématicien uruguayen
Federico Higuaín (né en 1984), joueur argentin de football
Federico Insúa (né en 1980), joueur argentin de football
Federico Israel (né en 1956), joueur philippin de basket-ball
Federico Krutwig (1921-1998), écrivain et homme politique espagnol
Federico Lardi (né en 1985), joueur suisse de hockey sur glace
Federico Leo (né en 1988), pilote automobile italien
Federico Lombardi (né en 1942), prêtre jésuite italien
Federico Longo (né en 1972), chef d'orchestre et compositeur italien
Federico García Lorca (1898-1936), dramaturge et peintre espagnol
Federico Jiménez Losantos (né en 1951), journaliste et écrivain espagnol
Federico Leonardo Lucia (né en 1989), rappeur italien
Federico Luppi (1936-2017), acteur argentin
M-N-O-P
Federico Macheda (né en 1991), joueur italien de football
Federico de Madrazo (1815-1894), peintre espagnol
Federico Mancuello (né en 1989), joueur argentin de football
Federico Marchetti (né en 1983), joueur italien de football
Federico Beltrán Masses (1885-1949), peintre espagnol
Federico Mattiello (né en 1995), joueur italien de football
Federico Medem (1912-1984), herpétologiste colombien
Federico Méndez (né en 1972), joueur argentin de rugby
Federico Moccia (né en 1963), écrivain et réalisateur italien
Federico Moja (1802-1885), peintre italien
Federico Mompellio (1908-1989), musicologue et compositeur italien
Federico Mompou (1893-1987), compositeur et pianiste espagnol
Federico Moretti (1769-1839), militaire et compositeur de musique espagnol
Federico Munerati (1901-1980), joueur et entraîneur italien de football
Federico Nicolao (né en 1970), philosophe et écrivain italien
Federico de Onís (1885-1966), écrivain et critique littéraire espagnol
Federico Pellegrini, chanteur et guitariste français
Federico Petrucci (mort en 1348), jurisconsulte et universitaire italien
Federico Piovaccari (né en 1984), joueur italien de football
Federico Pucciarello (né en 1975), joueur italien de rugby
R-S-T-V-W-Z
Federico Ricci (1809-1877), compositeur italien
Federico Rocchetti (né en 1986), coureur cycliste italien
Federico Roncali (1809-1857), homme d'État et militaire espagnol
Federico Salvatore (né en 1959), chanteur et artiste de cabaret italien
Federico Sandi (né en 1989), pilote de moto italien
Federico Sanseverino (1475/77-1516), cardinal catholique italien
Federico Santander (né en 1991), joueur paraguayen de football
Federico Maria Sardelli (né en 1963), chef d'orchestre et musicien italien
Federico Sartor (né en 1995), coureur cycliste italien
Federico Sboarina (né en 1971), homme politique italien
Federico Spinola (1571-1603), militaire et marin génois
Federico Stragà (né en 1972), chanteur italien
Federico Sturzenegger (né en 1966), économiste et homme politique argentin
Federico Tarragoni (né en 1983), sociologue italien
Federico Tedeschini (1873-1959), cardinal catholique italien
Federico Todeschini (né en 1975), joueur argentin de rugby
Federico Tontodonati (né en 1989), athlète italien
Federico Moreno Torroba (1891-1982), compositeur espagnol
Federico Valentini (né en 1982), coureur cycliste et footballeur saint-marinais
Federico Valle (1880-1960), réalisateur et producteur italien
Federico Valverde (né en 1998), joueur uruguayen de football
Federico Villagra (né en 1969), pilote de rallye argentin
Federico Viñas (né en 1998), joueur uruguayen de football
Federico Viviani (né en 1992), joueur italien de football
Federico Wilde (1909-?), joueur argentin de football
Federico Zandomeneghi (1841-1917), peintre impressionniste italien
Federico Zani (né en 1989), joueur italien de rugby
Federico Mayor Zaragoza (né en 1934), homme politique et diplomate espagnol
Federico Zeri (1921-1998), expert italien en histoire de l'art
Federico Zurlo (né en 1994), coureur cycliste italien
Deuxième prénom
Giorgio Federico Ghedini (1892-1965), compositeur italien
Luis Federico Leloir (1906-1987), biochimiste argentin
Michele Federico Sciacca (1908-1975), philosophe italien
Juan Federico Ponce Vaides (1889-1956), homme politique guatemaltèque
Référence
Homonymie de prénom
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Parable of the Good Samaritan
Didactic story told by Jesus in Luke 10:25–37
"Good Samaritan" redirects here. For other uses, see The Good Samaritan (disambiguation).
The Good Samaritan by Jacob Jordaens, c. 1616
The parable of the Good Samaritan is a parable told by Jesus in the Gospel of Luke.[1] It is about a traveller who is stripped of clothing, beaten, and left half dead alongside the road. First a priest and then a Levite comes by, but both avoid the man. Finally, a Samaritan happens upon the traveller. Samaritans and Jews despised each other, but the Samaritan helps the injured man. Jesus is described as telling the parable in response to the question from a lawyer, "And who is my neighbour?". In response, Jesus tells the parable, the conclusion of which is that the neighbour figure in the parable is the man who shows mercy to the injured man—that is, the Samaritan.[2]
Some Christians, such as Augustine, have interpreted the parable allegorically, with the Samaritan representing Jesus Christ, who saves the sinful soul.[3] Others, however, discount this allegory as unrelated to the parable's original meaning[3] and see the parable as exemplifying the ethics of Jesus.[4]
The parable has inspired painting, sculpture, satire, poetry, photography, and film. The phrase "Good Samaritan", meaning someone who helps a stranger, derives from this parable, and many hospitals and charitable organizations are named after the Good Samaritan.
1 Narrative
2 Historical context
2.1 Road from Jerusalem to Jericho
2.2 Samaritans and Jesus
2.3 Priests and Levites
3 Interpretation
3.1 Allegorical reading
3.2 Ethical reading
3.3 Other interpretations
3.3.1 Modern Jewish view
4 Authenticity
5 As a metaphor and name
6 Art and popular culture
7 Legal presence
Narrative[edit]
In the Gospel of Luke chapter 10, the parable is introduced by a question, known as the Great Commandment:
Behold, a certain lawyer stood up and tested him, saying, "Teacher, what shall I do to inherit eternal life?"
He said to him, "What is written in the law? How do you read it?"
He answered, "You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your strength, and with all your mind; and your neighbour as yourself."
He said to him, "You have answered correctly. Do this, and you will live."
But he, desiring to justify himself, asked Jesus, "Who is my neighbor?"
— Luke 10:25–29, World English Bible
Jesus replies with a story:
Jesus answered, "A certain man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and he fell among robbers, who both stripped him and beat him, and departed, leaving him half dead. By chance a certain priest was going down that way. When he saw him, he passed by on the other side. In the same way a Levite also, when he came to the place, and saw him, passed by on the other side. But a certain Samaritan, as he travelled, came where he was. When he saw him, he was moved with compassion, came to him, and bound up his wounds, pouring on oil and wine. He set him on his own animal, and brought him to an inn, and took care of him. On the next day, when he departed, he took out two denarii, gave them to the host, and said to him, 'Take care of him. Whatever you spend beyond that, I will repay you when I return.' Now which of these three do you think seemed to be a neighbor to him who fell among the robbers?"
He said, "He who showed mercy on him."
Then Jesus said to him, "Go and do likewise."
Historical context[edit]
The road from Jerusalem to Jericho.
Road from Jerusalem to Jericho[edit]
In the time of Jesus, the road from Jerusalem to Jericho was notorious for its danger and difficulty, and was known as the "Way of Blood" because "of the blood which is often shed there by robbers".[5] Martin Luther King, Jr., in his "I've Been to the Mountaintop" speech, on the day before his death, described the road as follows:
I remember when Mrs. King and I were first in Jerusalem. We rented a car and drove from Jerusalem down to Jericho. And as soon as we got on that road, I said to my wife, "I can see why Jesus used this as the setting for his parable." It's a winding, meandering road. It's really conducive for ambushing. You start out in Jerusalem, which is about 1200 miles—or rather 1200 feet above sea level. And by the time you get down to Jericho, fifteen or twenty minutes later, you're about 2200 feet below sea level. That's a dangerous road.[6]
A map of Israel in the time of Jesus. Jericho is just north of the Dead Sea, with Jerusalem to the west.
Samaritans and Jesus[edit]
Jesus' target audience, the Jews, hated Samaritans[7] to such a degree that they destroyed the Samaritans' temple on Mount Gerizim.[8] Due to this hatred, some think that the Lawyer's phrase "The one who had mercy on him" (Luke 10:37) may indicate a reluctance to name the Samaritan.[9] Or, on another, more positive note, it may indicate that the lawyer has recognized that both his questions have been answered and now concludes by generally expressing that anyone behaving thus is a (Lev 19:18) "neighbor" eligible to inherit eternal life.[10] The Samaritans in turn hated the Jews.[11] Tensions were particularly high in the early decades of the 1st century because Samaritans had desecrated the Jewish Temple at Passover with human bones.[12]
As the story reached those who were unaware of the oppression of the Samaritans, this aspect of the parable became less and less discernible: fewer and fewer people ever heard of them in any context other than as a description. Today, the story is often recast in a more modern setting where the people are ones in equivalent social groups known not to interact comfortably. Thus, cast appropriately, the parable regains its message to modern listeners: namely, that an individual of a social group they disapprove of can exhibit moral behavior that is superior to individuals of the groups they approve. Christians have used it as an example of Christianity's opposition to racial, ethnic, and sectarian prejudice.[13][14] For example, anti-slavery campaigner William Jay described clergy who ignored slavery as "following the example of the priest and Levite".[15] Martin Luther King, Jr., in his "I've Been to the Mountaintop" speech, described the Samaritan as "a man of another race".[16] Sundee Tucker Frazier saw the Samaritan more specifically as an example of a "mixed-race" person.[17] Klyne Snodgrass wrote: "On the basis of this parable we must deal with our own racism but must also seek justice for, and offer assistance to, those in need, regardless of the group to which they belong."[18]
Samaritans appear elsewhere in the Gospels and Book of Acts. In the Gospel of Luke, Jesus heals ten lepers and only the Samaritan among them thanks him (Luke 17:11–19),[12] although Luke 9:51–56 depicts Jesus receiving a hostile reception in Samaria.[7] Luke's favorable treatment of Samaritans is in line with Luke's favorable treatment of the weak and of outcasts, generally.[19] In John, Jesus has an extended dialogue with a Samaritan woman, and many Samaritans come to believe in him.[20] In Matthew, however, Jesus instructs his disciples not to preach in heathen or Samaritan cities (Matthew 10:5–8).[12] In the Gospels, generally, "though the Jews of Jesus' day had no time for the 'half-breed' people of Samaria",[21] Jesus "never spoke disparagingly about them"[21] and "held a benign view of Samaritans".[22]
Many see 2 Chronicles 28:8–15 as the model for the Samaritan's neighborly behavior in the parable. In Chronicles, Northern Israelite ancestors of Samaritans treat Judean enemies as fellow-Israelite neighbors.[23] After comparing the earlier account with the later parable presented to the expert in Israel's religious law, Evans concludes: "Given the number and significance of these parallels and points of correspondence it is hard to imagine how a first-century scholar of Scripture could hear the parable and not think of the story of the merciful Samaritans of 2 Chronicles 28."[24]
Priests and Levites[edit]
In Jewish culture, contact with a dead body was understood to be defiling.[12] Priests were particularly enjoined to avoid uncleanness.[12] The priest and Levite may therefore have assumed that the fallen traveler was dead and avoided him to keep themselves ritually clean.[12] On the other hand, the depiction of travel downhill (from Jerusalem to Jericho) may indicate that their temple duties had already been completed, making this explanation less likely,[25] although this is disputed.[7] Since the Mishnah made an exception for neglected corpses,[7] the priest and the Levite could have used the law to justify both touching a corpse and ignoring it.[7] In any case, passing by on the other side avoided checking "whether he was dead or alive".[26] Indeed, "it weighed more with them that he might be dead and defiling to the touch of those whose business was with holy things than that he might be alive and in need of care."[26]
Interpretation[edit]
Allegorical reading[edit]
In this folio from the 6th-century Rossano Gospels, the cross-bearing halo around the Good Samaritan's head indicates an allegorical interpretation. The first scene includes an angel.
Origen described the allegory as follows:
The man who was going down is Adam. Jerusalem is paradise, and Jericho is the world. The robbers are hostile powers. The priest is the Law, the Levite is the prophets, and the Samaritan is Christ. The wounds are disobedience, the beast is the Lord's body, the [inn], which accepts all who wish to enter, is the Church. ... The manager of the [inn] is the head of the Church, to whom its care has been entrusted. And the fact that the Samaritan promises he will return represents the Savior's second coming.[27]
John Welch further states:
This allegorical reading was taught not only by ancient followers of Jesus, but it was virtually universal throughout early Christianity, being advocated by Irenaeus, Clement, and Origen, and in the fourth and fifth centuries by Chrysostom in Constantinople, Ambrose in Milan, and Augustine in North Africa. This interpretation is found most completely in two other medieval stained-glass windows, in the French cathedrals at Bourges and Sens."[28]
The allegorical interpretation is also traditional in the Orthodox Church.[29] John Newton refers to the allegorical interpretation in his hymn "How Kind the Good Samaritan", which begins:
How kind the good Samaritan
To him who fell among the thieves!
Thus Jesus pities fallen man,
And heals the wounds the soul receives.[30]
Robert Funk also suggests that Jesus' Jewish listeners were to identify with the robbed and wounded man. In his view, the help received from a hated Samaritan is like the kingdom of God received as grace from an unexpected source.[31]
Ethical reading[edit]
Parable of the Good Samaritan by Balthasar van Cortbemde (1647) shows the Good Samaritan tending the injured man while the Levite and priest are also shown in the distance.
John Calvin was not impressed by Origen's allegorical reading:
The allegory which is here contrived by the advocates of free will is too absurd to deserve refutation. According to them, under the figure of a wounded man is described the condition of Adam after the fall; from which they infer that the power of acting well was not wholly extinguished in him; because he is said to be only half-dead. As if it had been the design of Christ, in this passage, to speak of the corruption of human nature, and to inquire whether the wound which Satan inflicted on Adam were deadly or curable; nay, as if he had not plainly, and without a figure, declared in another passage, that all are dead, but those whom he quickens by his voice (John 5:25). As little plausibility belongs to another allegory, which, however, has been so highly satisfactory, that it has been admitted by almost universal consent, as if it had been a revelation from heaven. This Samaritan they imagine to be Christ, because he is our guardian; and they tell us that wine was poured, along with oil, into the wound, because Christ cures us by repentance and by a promise of grace. They have contrived a third subtlety, that Christ does not immediately restore health, but sends us to the Church, as an innkeeper, to be gradually cured. I acknowledge that I have no liking for any of these interpretations; but we ought to have a deeper reverence for Scripture than to reckon ourselves at liberty to disguise its natural meaning. And, indeed, any one may see that the curiosity of certain men has led them to contrive these speculations, contrary to the intention of Christ.[32]
Francis Schaeffer suggested: "Christians are not to love their believing brothers to the exclusion of their non-believing fellowmen. That is ugly. We are to have the example of the good Samaritan consciously in mind at all times."[33]
Other modern theologians have taken similar positions. For example, G. B. Caird wrote:
Dodd quotes as a cautionary example Augustine's allegorisation of the Good Samaritan, in which the man is Adam, Jerusalem the heavenly city, Jericho the moon – the symbol of immortality; the thieves are the devil and his angels, who strip the man of immortality by persuading him to sin and so leave him (spiritually) half dead; the priest and Levite represent the Old Testament, the Samaritan Christ, the beast his flesh which he assumed at the Incarnation; the inn is the church and the innkeeper the apostle Paul. Most modern readers would agree with Dodd that this farrago bears no relationship to the real meaning of the parable.[34]
The meaning of the parable for Calvin was, instead, that "compassion, which an enemy showed to a Jew, demonstrates that the guidance and teaching of nature are sufficient to show that man was created for the sake of man. Hence it is inferred that there is a mutual obligation between all men."[32] In other writings, Calvin pointed out that people are not born merely for themselves, but rather "mankind is knit together with a holy knot ... we must not live for ourselves, but for our neighbors."[35] Earlier, Cyril of Alexandria had written that "a crown of love is being twined for him who loves his neighbour."[36]
Joel B. Green writes that Jesus' final question (which, in something of a "twist",[37] reverses the question originally asked):
... presupposes the identification of "anyone" as a neighbor, then presses the point that such an identification opens wide the door of loving action. By leaving aside the identity of the wounded man and by portraying the Samaritan traveler as one who performs the law (and so as one whose actions are consistent with an orientation to eternal life), Jesus has nullified the worldview that gives rise to such questions as, Who is my neighbor? The purity-holiness matrix has been capsized. And, not surprisingly in the Third Gospel, neighborly love has been concretized in care for one who is, in this parable, self-evidently a social outcast[38]
Such a reading of the parable makes it important in liberation theology,[39] where it provides a concrete anchoring for love[40] and indicates an "all embracing reach of solidarity."[41] In Indian Dalit theology, it is seen as providing a "life-giving message to the marginalized Dalits and a challenging message to the non-Dalits."[42]
Martin Luther King, Jr. often spoke of this parable, contrasting the rapacious philosophy of the robbers, and the self-preserving non-involvement of the priest and Levite, with the Samaritan's coming to the aid of the man in need.[43] King also extended the call for neighborly assistance to society at large:
On the one hand we are called to play the good Samaritan on life's roadside; but that will be only an initial act. One day we must come to see that the whole Jericho road must be transformed so that men and women will not be constantly beaten and robbed as they make their journey on life's highway. True compassion is more than flinging a coin to a beggar; it is not haphazard and superficial. It comes to see that an edifice which produces beggars needs restructuring.[44]
Other interpretations[edit]
Parable of the Good Samaritan by Samuel Nixon, St. Paul's Church (Halifax), Nova Scotia
In addition to these classical interpretations many scholars have drawn additional themes from the story. Some have suggested that religious tolerance was an important message of the parable. By selecting for the moral protagonist of the story someone whose religion (Samaritanism) was despised by the Jewish audience to which Jesus was speaking, some argue that the parable attempts to downplay religious differences in favor of focusing on moral character and good works.[45]
Others have suggested that Jesus was attempting to convey an anti-establishment message, not necessarily in the sense of rejecting authority figures in general, but in the sense of rejecting religious hypocrisy. By contrasting the noble acts of a despised religion to the crass and selfish acts of a priest and a Levite, two representatives of the Jewish religious establishment, some argue that the parable attempts to downplay the importance of status in the religious hierarchy (or importance of knowledge of scripture) in favor of the practice of religious principles.[46]
Modern Jewish view[edit]
Further information: Jewish views on love and Chesed
The following is based on the public domain article "Brotherly Love" found in the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia.
The story of the good Samaritan, in the Pauline Gospel of Luke x. 25–37, related to illustrate the meaning of the word "neighbor", possesses a feature which puzzles the student of rabbinical lore. The kind Samaritan who comes to the rescue of the men that had fallen among the robbers, is contrasted with the unkind priest and Levite; whereas the third class of Jews—i.e., the ordinary Israelites who, as a rule, follow the Cohen and the Levite are omitted; and therefore suspicion is aroused regarding the original form of the story. If "Samaritan" has been substituted by the anti-Judean gospel-writer for the original "Israelite", no reflection was intended by Jesus upon Jewish teaching concerning the meaning of neighbor; and the lesson implied is that he who is in need must be the object of our love.
The term "neighbor" has not at all times been thus understood by Jewish teachers.[47] In Tanna debe Eliyahu R. xv. it is said: "Blessed be the Lord who is impartial toward all. He says: 'Thou shalt not defraud thy neighbor. Thy neighbor is like thy brother, and thy brother is like thy neighbor.'" Likewise in xxviii.: "Thou shalt love the Lord thy God"; that is, thou shalt make the name of God beloved to the creatures by a righteous conduct toward Gentiles as well as Jews (compare Sifre, Deut. 32). Aaron b. Abraham ibn Ḥayyim of the sixteenth century, in his commentary to Sifre, l.c.; Ḥayyim Vital, the cabalist, in his "Sha'are Ḳedushah", i. 5; and Moses Ḥagis of the eighteenth century, in his work on the 613 commandments, while commenting on Deut. xxiii. 7, teach alike that the law of love of the neighbor includes the non-Israelite as well as the Israelite. There is nowhere a dissenting opinion expressed by Jewish writers. For modern times, see among others the conservative opinion of Plessner's religious catechism, "Dat Mosheh we-Yehudit", p. 258.
Accordingly, the synod at Leipzig in 1869, and the German-Israelitish Union of Congregations in 1885, stood on old historical ground when declaring (Lazarus, "Ethics of Judaism", i. 234, 302) that "'Love thy neighbor as thyself' is a command of all-embracing love, and is a fundamental principle of the Jewish religion"; and Stade, when charging with imposture the rabbis who made this declaration, is entirely in error (see his "Geschichte des Volkes Israel", l.c.).
Authenticity[edit]
The Good Samaritan by Aimé Morot (1880) shows the Good Samaritan taking the injured man to the inn.
The Jesus Seminar voted this parable to be authentic,[48][49] with 60% of fellows rating it "red" (authentic) and a further 29% rating it "pink" (probably authentic).[49] The paradox of a disliked outsider such as a Samaritan helping a Jew is typical of Jesus' provocative parables,[48][7] and is a deliberate feature of this parable.[50] In the Greek text, the shock value of the Samaritan's appearance is enhanced by the emphatic Σαμαρίτης (Samaritēs) at the beginning of the sentence in verse 33.[7]
Bernard Brandon Scott, a member of the Jesus Seminar,[51] questions the authenticity of the parable's context, suggesting that "the parable originally circulated separately from the question about neighborliness"[52] and that the "existence of the lawyer's question in Mark 12:28–34 and Matthew 22:34–40, in addition to the evidence of heavy Lukan editing"[52] indicates the parable and its context were "very probably joined editorially by Luke."[52] A number of other commentators share this opinion,[53] with the consensus of the Jesus Seminar being that verses Luke 10:36–37 were added by Luke to "connect with the lawyer's question."[49] On the other hand, the "keen rabbinic interest in the question of the greatest commandment"[53] may make this argument invalid, in that Luke may be describing a different occurrence of the question being asked.[53] Differences between the gospels suggest that Luke is referring to a different episode from Mark and Matthew,[54] and Klyne Snodgrass writes that "While one cannot exclude that Luke has joined two originally separate narratives, evidence for this is not convincing."[54] The Oxford Bible Commentary notes:
That Jesus was only tested once in this way is not a necessary assumption. The twist between the lawyer's question and Jesus' answer is entirely in keeping with Jesus' radical stance: he was making the lawyer rethink his presuppositions.[37]
The unexpected appearance of the Samaritan led Joseph Halévy to suggest that the parable originally involved "a priest, a Levite, and an Israelite",[50] in line with contemporary Jewish stories, and that Luke changed the parable to be more familiar to a gentile audience."[50] Halévy further suggests that, in real life, it was unlikely that a Samaritan would actually have been found on the road between Jericho and Jerusalem,[50] although others claim that there was "nothing strange about a Samaritan travelling in Jewish territory".[9] William C. Placher points out that such debate misinterprets the biblical genre of a parable, which illustrates a moral rather than a historical point: on reading the story, "we are not inclined to check the story against the police blotter for the Jerusalem-Jericho highway patrol. We recognize that Jesus is telling a story to illustrate a moral point, and that such stories often don't claim to correspond to actual events."[55] The traditionally understood ethical moral of the story would not hold if the parable originally followed the priest-Levite-Israelite sequence of contemporary Jewish stories, as Halévy suggested, for then it would deal strictly with intra-Israelite relations just as did the Lev 19:18 command under discussion.
As a metaphor and name[edit]
The injunction to "go and do likewise" has led to the "Good Samaritan" name being applied to many hospitals, such as the Legacy Good Samaritan Medical Center in Portland, Oregon.
The term "good Samaritan" is used as a common metaphor: "The word now applies to any charitable person, especially one who, like the man in the parable, rescues or helps out a needy stranger."[56]
The name has consequently been used for a number of charitable organisations, including Samaritans, Samaritan's Purse, Sisters of the Good Samaritan, and The Samaritan Befrienders Hong Kong. The name Good Samaritan Hospital is used for a number of hospitals around the world. Good Samaritan laws encourage those who choose to serve and tend to others who are injured or ill.[57]
Art and popular culture[edit]
This parable was one of the most popular in medieval art.[58] The allegorical interpretation was often illustrated, with Christ as the Good Samaritan. Accompanying angels were sometimes also shown.[59] In some Orthodox icons of the parable, the identification of the Good Samaritan as Christ is made explicit with a halo bearing a cross.[60]
The numerous later artistic depictions of the parable include those of Rembrandt, Jan Wijnants, Vincent van Gogh, Aimé Morot, Domenico Fetti, Johann Carl Loth, George Frederic Watts, and Giacomo Conti. Vincent van Gogh's painting captures the reverse hierarchy that is underscored in Luke's parable. Although the priest and Levite are near the top of the status hierarchy in Israel and the Samaritans near the bottom, van Gogh reverses this hierarchy in the painting. He foregrounds the Samaritan, making him larger than life and colorful, while the priest and Levite are placed in the background, making them small and insignificant, barely distinguished from the drab landscape.[61]
In his essay Lost in Non-Translation, biochemist and author Isaac Asimov argues that to the Jews of the time there were no good Samaritans; in his view, this was half the point of the parable. As Asimov put it, we need to think of the story occurring in Alabama in 1950, with a mayor and a preacher ignoring a man who has been beaten and robbed, with the role of the Samaritan being played by a poor black sharecropper.
The story's theme is portrayed throughout Marvel's Daredevil.[62]
The parable of the Good Samaritan is the theme for the Austrian Christian Charity commemorative coin, minted 12 March 2003. This coin shows the Good Samaritan with the wounded man, on his horse, as he takes him to an inn for medical attention. An older coin with this theme is the American "Good Samaritan Shilling" of 1652.[63]
Australian poet Henry Lawson wrote a poem on the parable ("The Good Samaritan"), of which the third stanza reads:
He's been a fool, perhaps, and would
Have prospered had he tried,
But he was one who never could
Pass by the other side.
An honest man whom men called soft,
While laughing in their sleeves—
No doubt in business ways he oft
Had fallen amongst thieves.[64]
John Gardiner Calkins Brainard[65] also wrote a poem on the theme.
Dramatic film adaptations of the Parable of the Good Samaritan include Samaritan,[66] part of the widely acclaimed[67] Modern Parables DVD Bible study series. Samaritan, which sets the parable in modern times, stars Antonio Albadran in the role of the Good Samaritan.[68]
The English composer, Benjamin Britten, was commissioned to write a piece to mark the centenary of the Red Cross. His resulting work for solo voices, choir, and orchestra, Cantata Misericordium, sets a Latin text by Patrick Wilkinson that tells the parable of the Good Samaritan. It was first performed in Geneva in 1963.[69]
In a real-life psychology experiment, seminary students in a rush to teach on this parable, failed to stop to help a shabbily dressed person on the side of the road.[70]
The Good Samaritan by Rembrandt (1630) shows the Good Samaritan making arrangements with the innkeeper. A later (1633) print by Rembrandt has a reversed and somewhat expanded version of the scene.[71]
The good Samaritan, after Delacroix by Van Gogh, 1890
Christian Charity coin.
Legal presence[edit]
In the English law of negligence, when establishing a duty of care in Donoghue v Stevenson Lord Atkin applied the neighbour principle—drawing inspiration from the Biblical Golden Rule[72] as in the parable of the Good Samaritan.
Christian–Jewish reconciliation
Great Commandment
Life of Jesus in the New Testament
Ministry of Jesus
Digital samaritans
^ Luke 10:25–37.
^ Gill, John (1980). An Exposition of the Old Testament. Baker Books. ISBN 978-0801037566.
^ a b Caird, G. B. (1980). The Language and Imagery of the Bible. Duckworth. p. 165.
^ Sanders, E. P. The historical figure of Jesus. Penguin, 1993. p. 6.
^ Wilkinson, "The Way from Jerusalem to Jericho" The Biblical Archaeologist, Vol. 38, No. 1 (Mar., 1975), pp. 10–24
^ Martin Luther King, Jr: "I've Been to the Mountaintop", delivered 3 April 1968, Memphis, Tennessee [1]
^ a b c d e f g Greg W. Forbes, The God of Old: The role of the Lukan parables in the purpose of Luke's Gospel, Continuum, 2000, ISBN 1-84127-131-4, pp. 63–64.
^ An event which the first-century historian Josephus records (J.W. 13.9.1 §256). For a different opinion, see Jonathan Bourgel (2016). "The Destruction of the Samaritan Temple by John Hyrcanus: A Reconsideration". Journal of Biblical Literature. Society of Biblical Literature. 135 (153/3): 505. doi:10.15699/jbl.1353.2016.3129.
^ a b I. Howard Marshall, The Gospel of Luke: A commentary on the Greek text, Eerdmans, 1978, ISBN 0-8028-3512-0, p. 449-450.
^ See, e.g., Lane's argument that the lawyer positively alludes to Exod 34:6, with the word in 10:37a usually translated "mercy" (ἔλεος) actually referencing Septuagintal translation of the Hebrew word חסד, "covenantal loyalty", in Nathan Lane, "An Echo of Mercy: A Rereading of the Parable of the Good Samaritan", in Early Christian Literature and Intertextuality. Volume 2: Exegetical Studies (ed. C. A. Evans and H. D. Zacharias; Library of New Testament Studies 392; London: T&T Clark, 2009), 74-84.
^ Christianity by Sue Penney 1995 ISBN 0-435-30466-6 page 28
^ a b c d e f Vermes, Geza. The authentic gospel of Jesus. London, Penguin Books. 2004. p. 152-154.
^ Karl Barth's theological exegesis by Richard E. Burnett 2004 ISBN 0-8028-0999-5 pages 213–215
^ Prejudice and the People of God: How Revelation and Redemption Lead to Reconciliation by A. Charles Ware 2001 ISBN 0-8254-3946-9 page 16
^ William Jay, Miscellaneous Writings on Slavery, John P. Jewett & Company, 1853.
^ Martin Luther King, Jr: "I've Been to the Mountaintop", delivered 3 April 1968, Memphis, Tennessee at Stanford University [notes on exact altitudes added, interjections removed].
^ Sundee Tucker Frazier, Check all that apply: finding wholeness as a multiracial person, InterVarsity Press, 2002, ISBN 0-8308-2247-X, p. 6.
^ Snodgrass, Klyne, Stories with Intent: A comprehensive guide to the parables of Jesus, Eerdmans, 2008, ISBN 0-8028-4241-0, p. 361.
^ Theissen, Gerd and Annette Merz. The historical Jesus: a comprehensive guide. Fortress Press. 1998. translated from German (1996 edition). Chapter 2. Christian sources about Jesus.
^ Funk, Robert W., Roy W. Hoover, and the Jesus Seminar. The five gospels. HarperSanFrancisco. 1993. "The Gospel of John", pp. 401–470.
^ a b Stanley A. Ellisen, Parables in the Eye of the Storm: Christ's Response in the Face of Conflict, Kregel Publications, 2001, ISBN 0-8254-2527-1, p. 142.
^ John P. Meier, "The Historical Jesus and the Historical Samaritans: What can be Said?", Biblica 81(2), 2000, pp. 202–232 (quote from p. 231).
^ See, e.g., Frank H. Wilkinson, "Oded: Proto-Type of the Good Samaritan", The Expository Times 69 (1957): 94; F. Scott Spencer, "2 Chronicles 28:5–15 and the Parable of the Good Samaritan", Westminster Theological Journal 46 (1984): 317–49; Geza Vermes, The Authentic Gospel of Jesus (London: Penguin, 2004), 152; Isaac Kalimi, "Robbers on the Road to Jericho: Luke's Story of the Good Samaritan and Its Origin in Kings / Chronicles", Ephemerides theologicae lovanienses 85 (2009): 47–53; Craig A. Evans, "Luke's Good Samaritan and the Chronicler's Good Samaritans", in Biblical Interpretation in Early Christian Gospels. Volume 3: The Gospel of Luke (ed. Thomas R. Hatina; Library of New Testament Studies 376 / Studies in Scripture in Early Judaism and Christianity 16; London and New York: T&T Clark, 2010), 32–42; Michael Fresta, "'Hüter des Bundes' und 'Diener des Herrn' – Samaritaner und Samaritanerinnen im Neuen Testament: Historische und neutestamentlich-exegetische Untersuchungen" (Ph.D. diss., University of Paderborn, 2011), 150–52, 253; Amy-Jill Levine, "The Many Faces of the Good Samaritan—Most Wrong", Christian Ethics Today 85:1 (Winter 2012): 20–21 (see earlier version at http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/archaeology-today/archaeologists-biblical-scholars-works/understanding-the-good-samaritan-parable/; accessed 1 Oct 2016); Eben Scheffler, "The Assaulted (Man) on the Jerusalem - Jericho Road : Luke's Creative Interpretation of 2 Chronicles 28:15", Hervormde teologiese studies 69 (2013): 1–8; online: http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0259-94222013000100121&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en (accessed 1 Oct 2016).
^ Evans, "Luke's Good Samaritan and the Chronicler's Good Samaritans", 39.
^ Joel B. Green, The Gospel of Luke, Eerdmans, 1997, ISBN 0-8028-2315-7, p. 430.
^ a b George Bradford Caird, The Gospel of St. Luke, Black, 1968, p. 148.
^ Origen, Homily 34.3, Joseph T. Lienhard, trans., Origen: Homilies on Mark, Fragments on Mark (1996), 138.
^ John W. Welch, "The Good Samaritan: Forgotten Symbols", Liahona, February 2007, pp. 26–33.
^ Christoph Cardinal Schonborn (tr. Henry Taylor), Jesus, the Divine Physician: Reflections on the Gospel During the Year of Luke, Ignatius Press, 2008, ISBN 1-58617-180-1, p. 16.
^ John Newton, "How Kind the Good Samaritan", Hymn #99 in Olney Hymns Archived 2010-08-10 at the Wayback Machine at CCEL.org.
^ Theissen, Gerd and Annette Merz. The historical Jesus: a comprehensive guide. Fortress Press. 1998. translated from German (1996 edition). p. 321-322
^ a b John Calvin, Commentary on Matthew, Mark, Luke – Volume 3.
^ Schaeffer, Francis (1970). The Mark of the Christian by Francis Schaeffer © 1970 by L'Abri Fellowship. Norfolk Press, London.
^ Caird, G. B. (1980). The Language and Imagery of the Bible. Duckworth. p. 165.
^ John Calvin, Commentary on Acts 13.
^ Cyril's Sermons on Luke #68.
^ a b John Barton and John Muddiman, The Oxford Bible Commentary, Oxford University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-19-875500-7, p. 942.
^ Christopher Hays, Luke's Wealth Ethics: A Study in Their Coherence and Character, Mohr Siebeck, 2010, ISBN 3-16-150269-8, p. 21.
^ Christopher Rowland, The Cambridge Companion to Liberation Theology, 2nd ed, Cambridge University Press, 2007, ISBN 0-521-86883-1, p. 43.
^ Denis Carroll, What is Liberation Theology?, Gracewing Publishing, 1987, ISBN 0-85342-812-3, p. 57.
^ M. Gnanavaram, "'Dalit Theology' and the Parable of the Good Samaritan", Journal for the Study of the New Testament, Vol. 15, No. 50, 59–83 (1993).
^ Taylor Branch, Pillar of Fire: America in the King Years, 1963–65, Simon and Schuster, 1998, ISBN 0-684-84809-0, pp.302–303.
^ Martin Luther King, Jr., "A Time to Break the Silence", quoted in Douglas A. Hicks and Mark R. Valeri, Global Neighbors: Christian Faith and Moral Obligation in Today's Economy, Eerdmans Publishing, 2008, ISBN 0-8028-6033-8, p. 31.
^ Smith, John Hunter (1884). Greek Testament lessons, consisting chiefly of the Sermon on the mount, and the parables of our Lord. With notes and essays. London, UK: William Blackwood and Sons. p. 136.
Clarke, James Freeman (1886). Every-day Religion. Boston: Ticknor and Company. p. 346.
^ Andrews, Dave (2012). Not Religion but Love: Practicing a Radical Spirituality of Compassion. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 117. ISBN 9781610978514.
Wilson, Jared C. (2014). The Storytelling God: Seeing the Glory of Jesus in His Parables. Crossway. p. 88. ISBN 9781433536717.
^ Several recognize that Lev 19:18 exclusively refers to the Israelitish neighbor (e.g., Stade, "Gesch. des Volkes Israel", i. 510a). This debate is reflected in the question by the Jewish Torah expert re the definition of "neighbor" in Lev 19:18 (Luke 10:29).
^ a b Funk, Robert W., Roy W. Hoover, and the Jesus Seminar. The five gospels. HarperSanFrancisco. 1993. "Luke" p. 271-400
^ a b c Peter Rhea Jones, Studying the Parables of Jesus, Smyth & Helwys, 1999, ISBN 1-57312-167-3, p. 294.
^ a b c d Bernard Brandon Scott, Hear Then the Parable: A commentary on the parables of Jesus, Fortress Press, 1989, ISBN 0-8006-2481-5, pp. 199–200.
^ Bernard Brandon Scott.
^ a b c Bernard Brandon Scott, Hear Then the Parable: A commentary on the parables of Jesus, Fortress Press, 1989, ISBN 0-8006-2481-5, pp. 191–192.
^ a b c Greg W. Forbes, The God of Old: The role of the Lukan parables in the purpose of Luke's Gospel, Continuum, 2000, ISBN 1-84127-131-4, pp. 56–57.
^ a b Klyne Snodgrass, Stories with Intent: A comprehensive guide to the parables of Jesus, Eerdmans, 2008, ISBN 0-8028-4241-0, p. 348.
^ William C. Placher, "Is the Bible True?" The Christian Century, October 11, 1995, pp. 924–925.
^ Dictionary of Classical, Biblical, & Literary Allusions
^ Mark Lunney and Ken Oliphant, Tort Law: Text and Materials, 3rd ed., Oxford University Press, 2008, ISBN 0-19-921136-1, p. 465.
^ Emile Mâle, The Gothic Image: Religious Art in France of the Thirteenth Century, p 195, English translation of 3rd ed, 1913, Collins, London (and many other editions), ISBN 978-0064300322
^ Leslie Ross, Medieval Art: A topical dictionary, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996, ISBN 0-313-29329-5, p. 105.
^ Paul H. Ballard and Stephen R. Holmes, The Bible in Pastoral Practice: Readings in the place and function of Scripture in the church, Eerdmans, 2006, ISBN 0-8028-3115-X, p. 55.
^ James L. Resseguie, Narrative Criticism of the New Testament: An Introduction (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2005), 26-30 at p. 29.
^ Meagan Damore, Anatomy of a Villain: The Secret of the Success of "Daredevil's" Kingpin, cbr.com, 06.01.2015 Retrieved 05.08.2018
^ Albert Romer Frey, A Dictionary of Numismatic Names: Their Official and Popular Designations, American Numismatic Society, 1917 (reprinted by BiblioLife, LLC, 2009), ISBN 1-115-68411-6, p. 95.
^ Henry Lawson, "The Good Samaritan", in When I Was King and Other Verses, first published 1905.
^ John Gardiner Calkins Brainard, Occasional Pieces of Poetry, E. Bliss and E. White, 1825, pp. 79–81.
^ Samaritan at Modern Parables web site.
^ See e.g., "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-05-13. Retrieved 2008-10-10. CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link), "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-12. Retrieved 2009-01-31. CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link), [2]
^ Samaritan at IMDB.
^ http://www.boosey.com/cr/music/Benjamin-Britten-Cantata-Misericordium/4926&langid=1 Cantata Misericordium at Boosey and Hawkes
^ Darley, John M.; Batson, C. Daniel (1973). ""From Jerusalem to Jericho": A study of Situational and Dispositional Variables in Helping Behavior". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 27 (1): 100–108. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.315.252. doi:10.1037/h0034449.
^ Roland E. Fleischer and Susan C. Scott, Rembrandt, Rubens, and the Art of their Time: Recent perspectives, Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997, ISBN 0-915773-10-4, pp. 68–69.
^ "SCLR - Resources - Donoghue v. Stevenson Case Report". www.scottishlawreports.org.uk. Retrieved 2019-11-09.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Good Samaritan.
Biblical art on the Internet:
Assault and First Aid
The Expert in the Law
Good Samaritan websites:
Good Samaritan Industries—Charity helping people with disabilities
Good Samaritan Day—Promotes October 13 as "Good Samaritan Day"
Parables of Jesus
Barren Fig Tree
Budding Fig Tree
Counting the cost
Drawing in the Net
Faithful Servant
Friend at Night
Great Banquet
Growing Seed
Leaven
Lost Coin
Lost Sheep
Master and Servant
New Wine into Old Wineskins
Pharisee and the Publican
Rich Fool
Rich man and Lazarus
Sower
Talents or minas
Tares
Ten Virgins
True Vine
Tree and its Fruits
Two Debtors
Two Sons
Unjust Judge
Unjust Steward
Unforgiving Servant
Wedding Feast
Wicked Husbandmen
Wise and Foolish Builders
Workers in the Vineyard
Non-canonical / disputed
Empty Jar
Chronology of Jesus
Genealogy of Jesus
Historical Jesus
Quest for the historical Jesus
Josephus on Jesus
Tacitus mention
Mara bar Serapion letter
race and appearance
Virgin birth
Flight into Egypt
Unknown years
Sermon on the Mount/Plain
Entry into Jerusalem
Farewell Discourse
sayings on the cross
Gospel harmony
Oral gospel traditions
Five Discourses of Matthew
Historical background of the New Testament
New Testament places associated with Jesus
Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament
Language of Jesus
Depictions
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Jesus in Christianity
pre-existence
Relics associated with Jesus
Scholastic Lutheran Christology
Session of Christ
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Christ myth theory
Contemporaries rejection of Jesus
Cosmic Christ
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Jesuism
Jesus in comparative mythology
Jesus in Islam
Ahmadiyya
Jesus in Scientology
Jesus the Splendour
Judaism's view of Jesus
in the Talmud
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parable_of_the_Good_Samaritan&oldid=962202438"
Samaritan culture and history
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Need a Commercial Dumpster Service in Silver Lake, NY?
They help in making your current city, neighborhood and town more stunning. When you engage a Commercial Dumpster Service in Silver Lake, NYs service they offer you actually dumpsters wherein you can dump non-biodegradable waste materials and other dangerous waste products coming from in and around the development site. In this manner, you house will also seem more stunning and attractive to the observers and people who will probably walk past your home.
Brand name! Your convenience choice should have developed a excellent logo and shade scheme for his or her business which is easily familiar and speaks to the level of professionalism and reliability you get when you call. Marketing is a technique the good businesses differentiate themselves from all additional disposal and Commercial Dumpster Service in Silver Lake, NY businesses in the area.
One of the important aspects of managing a commercial industry is waste administration. It is important to have a very place where you can dispose of spend and have it transported absent. Many companies find that Commercial Dumpster Service in Silver Lake, NYs along with solid spend services are very important to the daily function of their own business. In this instance, Commercial Dumpster Service in Silver Lake, NYs is a superb option that could solve your current waste administration problems. Even though these renting be important pertaining to businesses, however Commercial Dumpster Service in Silver Lake, NYs is often an excellent option for residents too who might need some extra junk services. Naturally, whether you are renting dumpsters pertaining to commercial or residential utilize, there are some essential facts you will need to keep in mind.
Avoiding trouble and be sure future dives, don't break your delightful. Above all, respect off-limits areas and also property. Will not leave a mess. Don't shout, play deafening music, or maybe make excessive noise. Continue being quiet and efficient; so long as you leave minimal trace within your dive, of which fruitful dumpster would not get secured for your give back trip. Also, remember to split the goods every bit as with your teammates.
Choose a dumpster in Washington DC, Virginia, Baltimore or any other part of the United States which includes wheels. This wheels will make moving the actual dumpster easy. You won't have to stroll back and forth when you move far away from the area the actual dumpster was first relaxing.
A dumpster is definitely an American time period meaning any garbage container. This waste bin is definitely mobile and will therefore become moved close to. The main aim of a dumpster is definitely storing junk for a short period of energy before it is emptied into a waste truck links around perhaps two times a week depending on your current agreement. These types of dumpsters are used for getting rid of many kinds involving waste material and as well recycling purposes. Apartments, educational institutions, businesses, places of work and commercial sites possess dumpsters to store spend. Front loading-trucks, that have large prongs are employed to empty these kinds of dumpsters. They have hydraulics useful for lifting the actual dumpsters and then make use of them to bare its items in the truck's hopper.
These commercial dumpsters usually have a full end opening up for hauling things into your big box, along with an opening within the top to ensure that roof individuals, for instance, can easily chuck asphalt shingles and outdated roof wooden directly into the dumpster, keeping labor. Many are completely wide open on the top. if the rental costs is decided after you see a website, and will depend on how big your junk heap, precisely what is in it, regardless of whether recyclables have to be segregated -- or even may be separated, the time you need the actual dumpster for, and just how big it's. | {
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I was watching Extreme Couponing last night (yes, even though its clearly exaggerated and cheesy I still enjoy it) and got to thinking about stockpiling. When is enough enough? When is it time for a couponing time out?
Over the past few weeks I have taken a couponing time out. Sure, I have continued to clip and use some coupons at the grocery store and such, but I am pretty well stocked on drugstore staples so I have skipped many of the CVS and Rite Aid deals over the past few weeks. Money has been really tight with car repairs and registration (hence the DMV this weekend) so I have been trying to stay out of the stores and eat what I already have. I have only gone for quick trips for staples like milk, bread, coffee, eggs, and cheese. Yes, because cheese is a staple.
The point of couponing is to save money and stock up on food and toiletries at rock bottom prices so that you don't have to pay full price for those items later on. This stockpiling method is the same method I grew up with my mother employing where she bought a few of an item when they were on sale and kept extras stocked in the basement so we never ran out of Cheerios, ketchup, or anything else we regularly used. I continue this tradition by combining it with coupons to get even better deals. But when I'm stocked on something, the key is to stop buying it, even if it's a great price. Why?
1. You need to use up what you have before it goes bad. Keep tabs on shelf lives, write the expiration date on the box, and refill your shelves from the back so that the oldest product is up front and gets used first.
2. Space costs you money. You don't need a bigger house with big closets for a big stockpile. Then you are paying more money to rent and heat/cool that space. Instead just make use of the space you have and don't cut into your living space. Paper towels aren't that important and shouldn't get in the way of your life.
3. Don't be greedy. Just because I can buy it and have a coupon for it AND it's a great price (or free) doesn't mean I need it. If I am well stocked on something, like toothpaste for example, I will start bypassing the sales and stop buying it. If I do get it I will donate it or give it to friends. Toothpaste and coupons are not the precious.
4. Save on out-of-pocket expenses. Once you are stocked, stop shopping and you will have more money left in your account that can be used for bills, debt, or going to see a movie with your family.
5. There are more inportant things in life than couponing. Yes, Extreme Couponing last night had a woman on that was at the beach clipping coupons rather than playing in the surf with her kids and husband. I sure hope that was just exaggerated for TV. Saving money is important and clipping coupons can help you do that. But if that means you are skipping family time to run out to get Black Friday deals and ignoring your loved ones because you need to clip one…more…coupon…that is not a life well lived.
That being said I will probably do some more couponing in the coming weeks to get items I am running out of and because there will be so many freebies soon with the holiday sales. But I am trying to remember to keep it all in perspective, to not be greedy, and to give thanks for what I have. | {
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Q: Get Server date from Sharepoint server 2010 as a SOAP request I am trying to get the Sharepoint date/time and local time offset as a SOAP request. Is this actually possible? What should my SOAP request look like?
| {
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It's been a while since we were able to connect. We tried to reach you recently regarding a recall on your 2013 (car make and model removed) that you leased from our dealership. Please confirm your address and phone number and contact us to make an appointment for the recall replacement.
My wife recently received an email just like the one above to her personal email address, which provided us with a good laugh. See her name isn't Warren, it's actually Lauren…and this isn't her phone number or our mailing address. However, the contact information was close and the details about our vehicle were correct. Couple that with the fact that the email is from the salesman that we leased our car from, and we realized that something terribly wrong must have occurred when the dealer typed our data into their contact database at the time we leased the car.
While Lauren has comically always received mail addressed to Warren, it's usually been junk mail and not about a safety recall to one of our cars. As I'm sure you can imagine this was a less than stellar experience with a brand that we love. However, it reminded me about the various keynote presentations that I heard last week at Informatica World and inspired me to write this post.
For those of you that were able to attend Informatica World 2015 last week, you likely learned all about The Age of Engagement and how your customers expect you to interact with them. There were several presentations showing how each of the product groups enable you to effectively engage with your customers and how at the heart of this Age of Engagement lies accurate data.
Whether it's getting someone's name right or storing an accurate address, having clean data is a requirement to be able to improve your relationship with your customers in this new Age of Engagement. I'd like to offer you three quick steps to start getting this right and begin your customer interactions.
Whether you're using an MDM solution to have a single view of your customer or verifying their contact data at the point of acquisition, technology can make having clean data simple. With the great tools that are available today, you can easily know that your customer's name isn't Warren. You can also verify each individual part of the customer contact record. For example using our Address Verification service will ensure that you have the accurate mailing address for each of your customers throughout the world. Using our Email Verification service will verify that the email address that your customer gave you is accurate, in real-time at that moment, directly with the domain. Also, using our Phone Validation service, you can confidently know that your customer's phone number is accurate, if it's a mobile or a landline phone, even what time zone it's in (so that you don't try send them a message in the middle of the night). These easy to use services will take the most critical components of the contact record, verify their accuracy, and give you the confidence that you'll be able to connect with your customers.
Now that you know that you can confidently connect with your customers, it's time to create a message that will resonate with them. You could utilize a product or customer MDM solution to pull in data about your previous customer interactions such as their accurate name, the product that they bought, and when they bought it. You could also append additional data elements from external sources to more accurately segment and target your audience, and even personalize the message for both B2C and B2B customers. For example, you could leverage our Business Data Enrichment service, fueled by Dun and Bradstreet, to learn all about your B2B customers and their businesses to craft the perfect message to use in your engagement efforts.
Once you know you have accurate contact data and you've crafted the best message to your customer, it's time to actually reach out to them. In the history of customer engagement, there have never been more options available to us in order to reach our customers. While every customer might have a different preference for how they want to be contacted, one surefire way is to leverage the mobile channel. SMS text messages sent to your customers are quick and interactive. By 2017 Portio Research estimates that nearly 2 trillion messages will be sent from businesses to their customers throughout the world. If mobile isn't a channel that you're considering, maybe it's time to start thinking about adding it into your engagement plans.
By verifying that you have clean data and have created a great message, engaging with your customers has never been easier than it is right now. Start the conversation and improve the relationship that you have with your customers today. | {
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Scottish Wildcat Conservation Action Plan
The Scottish Wildcat Conservation Action Plan, which runs from 2013 to 2019, aims to implement conservation action to halt the decline of the species. It's one of the most ambitious conservation action plans ever produced in Scotland, and forms the basis for a longer-term vision to restore viable wildcat populations north of the Highland Boundary Fault Line.
The Scottish Wildcat Conservation Action Plan:
identifies and coordinates national priorities for action
builds consensus around the work
helps to clarify responsibilities and funding priorities
NatureScot coordinates the Conservation Action Plan, which is owned by the Scottish Wildcat Conservation Action Group (SWCAG). Other experts in wildcat conservation also provided input to the plan's development.
pdf, 662.52kB
Micro renewables and the natural heritage - revised guidance
We support the development and installation of all renewable energy technologies and recognise the significant contribution that they can make
Guidance - Offshore Renewables - assessing the impact on coastal landscape and seascape - Guidance for scoping an Environmental Statement
Pages: 48 Published: 2012 | {
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Hi all! It's Terhi here again with another process video to show you. I used "Flourish 24" chippies I altered before (link to the post) with gesso and PanPastels and the for "happy" chippie I used embossing powder because I wanted to have lots of different textures to my page. I love to use lots of color Read more ..
Hello, Hello! Hope everyone is having a great week so far. Mine has been extremely busy. I was just looking at my calendar for the remainder of the week and i'm pretty sure i won't have any time to rest until monday. The thought has me exhausted already! But in the midst of all of Read more ..
Hey there crafty neighbors!!! I hope you are having a beautiful month! I'm popping in today to share a layout I created using lots of Creative Embellishments goodies 🙂 Here's a look at my daughters at a little place called "Christmas Town" here in Tampa: I started my page by creating a my background ( Read more ..
Hello friends! I hope you are having a lovely day so far. It's Lee-Anne here and today I wanted to share a shabby chic/vintage layout I created. I am an eclectic scrapbooker and lately I have been creating more vintage/shabby chic layouts. Perhaps it's because I long for Spring because where I live, it is Read more ..
Hi everyone, Kelley here with a project tray that I constructed out of oven burner lids and candlestick holders from the dollar tree. I was totally inspired by projects on Pinterest and Youtube, but I had to give it my grungy spin. I treated the trays and holders with gesso before rusting with Metal Effects Iron Paint Read more ..
Happy Thursday friends! Nicolle here sharing a fun project with you today. When I saw Heidi Swapp's Marquee letters I absolutely fell in love. I knew exactly what I wanted to do with them. I took a sort of shabby chic approach with them. It's one style I am trying to better myself with. Read more ..
Hi everyone and happy hump day to you all! Today I have a mixed media layout to share featuring lots of Creative Embellishments goodies and some of the NEW Word Chippys…they are so much fun! I am a one/two word title girl so these word sets are so fabulous! In the top corner I Read more ..
Hi Everyone Kathleen here with some new inspiration for you. Hope the New Year is treating you well so far. I recently took some photos of my new puppy. She is a terror! Nothing is safe from her. Nothing!! But who could resist those eyes! So, I thought this layout would be a fitting Read more ..
Hi everyone! Maria here today sharing with you a card i made with some chippie circles. . I've really been trying to use up some of my scraps and thought this card would be a great way to do that. My favorite way to use any of CE chippies is by leaving them raw. I Read more .. | {
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Aquiring A Little Business Mentor On Your Firm – JI SERVICE Sp. z o.o. Sprzedaż autobusów oraz części.
The who started off at the beginning of venture way back in the 90's have got a fact creating a small business instructor would possess helped them learn more or perhaps appreciate quickly. In these days, committed businesses don't have to trip about potholes so deep and learning hurdles which might be quite steep. That they can possess the luxury of understanding products the simpler approach and offered the technical skills and volume to options, they don't need to exert much to gain very much. Intended for the even more grown-up types, receiving someone to the sidelines, someone whom you can require information or simply let you know your strategies, options, opportunities and benefits and drawbacks would contain recently been comfortable mainly because the wind flow. Looking to come back, little business coach aren't well-liked, some people won't possibly understand that they exist. Although to the folks who got them throughout their whole business arrange absorbing, very well, lucky more or less all of these people.
Essentially people in the present day of different career fields own mentors. In sports, Tiger Woods has a world of golf trainer. In nation-wide politics, Barrack Obama provides a coach of some kind. They are probably the living research that even if you are the very useful and the smartest at what you do, you may never undertake it alone. You must have somebody that will push that you your limit, get the maximum possibilities and turn into the very best of so, who you will be both professionally and properly. Officially, if you had an individual via a target level of you, it'll give you a tip not to mention consultant assistance that delineates effective thousands and losing almost anything.
Some small companies just hire your small business coach (and even large businesses) when ever they're business is in exceptional monetary problem. Consultants are allowed to intervene only when main issue arises through difficult moments. These happen to be some of the extreme actions that businesses perform to be able to keep or perhaps fix economical problems and complications. Nonetheless visualize minus to wait designed for major really bad problems to happen. Exactly why hold out until factors drop away of place? If you prevent these things by going on, right now there is not any cause for easy and straightforward passage to happen a long time ahead of the business. So , what does small businesses coach offer? They develop techniques targeted developing a new business to those amateur business persons, they will set up procedures in task impose examination and your provider's potential profit. Small organization trainer may also improve your business function productivity like maintain everybody's authority skills and ensuring that everyone is usually thinking about accomplishing the corporation's enterprise aims. They're likewise the mediators in occasions of have difficulties. They act, speak and share guidance unbiased and every single decision or perhaps alternate furnished will be based upon objectivity while using the gain of the business.
Companies that develop quickly have simply learned that the right time to request or perhaps retain a trainer would be when the circumstance in the organization is normally performing flawlessly. Simply mainly because of these times, the companies increase and once they do, plenty of decision making must be carried out, coming from employing workers to configuring companies or perhaps discover cutting edge measures and these transitions desires an objective enjoy which has the advantage of the organization in its priority. Many sceptics don't experience self confidence in the idea of hiring a small companies trainer in order to be rewarding, however you are your very own manager. An individual understands her/her weaknesses and by that We suggest a person's potential. Most people do not possess any kind of idea exactly where to start or perhaps how to start out or maybe the repercussions of your decisions they are making. These kinds of flaws can be conveniently resolved or perhaps even avoided if you have one to tell you the right way to become successful and disciplined and tell you straightforward that the decision you're designing may business lead to dropping every idea curious about made. While we are looking for one advantage during these types of competitive conditions inside our economy, we basically cannot afford to bring back and out or perhaps not really even require a risk whatsoever. The summary suggestions, following all hard work, are you successful?
Next article www.saludes.es should help you in improving your business too! | {
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On February 15, 2013, a meteor weighing 10,000 metric tons exploded above Chelyabinsk, Russia, releasing more than 30 times the energy of the Hiroshima bomb and injuring hundreds. There are more than 10,000 asteroids and comets that can pass near Earth. This lecture by Dr. Aannestad will describe the various groups of objects that may pose a threat, some of the earlier impacts and how we might even prevent or mitigate the effects of a disastrous collision in the future.
Per Aannestad received his undergraduate degree in astronomy from the University of Oslo, Norway, and his graduate degrees from the University of California, Berkeley. His postdoctoral years from 1971-1975 were spent first at the Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York and later at Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, studying the far-infrared sky via balloon observations. From 1975, Per was a Professor of Physics and Astronomy at ASU, until he retired in 2004. His research interests were the physics of the interstellar medium, interstellar dust and star formation. He has served on the ASU Emeritus College Council and was the Director of the Emeritus College Academy for Continued Learning from 2009 to 2016. He presently enjoys giving lectures on astronomical topics, hiking, cross-country skiing and is a long-time member of the Scandinavian Folk Dancers of Phoenix. | {
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Accusations of anti-Semitism used in political battles in Romania
A former minister for Business Environment in 2017, Ilan Laufer, accused the Romanian president Klaus Iohannis of anti-Semitism after he was rejected for the key-position of minister of Regional Development in Dancila cabinet. Iohannis responded to these allegations by accusing Laufer of "educational shortcomings".
Ilan Laufer was proposed by Romania's main ruling party PSD for the key-position of minister of Regional Development as part of a cabinet reshuffle but Iohannis reject the proposal as well as another proposal for the Transports Ministry.
Last year, Laufer was the minister for Business Environment for around six months but lost his position during a cabinet reshuffle.
The Ministry of Regional Development is seen as a key-institution as it operates a well-funded program for local authorities – PNDL, considered a way to ensure the loyalty of mayors and other local authorities of the ruling party.
Following his rejection by the president, Laufer – a jew born in Bucharest, according to his declarations – accused Iohannis of anti-Semitism on Tuesday.
"President Iohannis's refusal as far as I am concerned is a new act of anti-Semitism," he said.
The president responded on Wednesday to Laufer by accusing him of educational shortcomings.
"Ilan Laufer dropped the maturity test, preferring to play the role of mouthpiece of PSD propaganda. Characters that make such scandalous accusations automatically disqualify and cannot occupy any high dignity in the Romanian state," Iohannis said.
Iohannis also rejected the nomination of Olguta Vasilescu for the position of minister of Transports. Olguta Vasilescu is a former member of the notorious anti-Semite party PRM but is currently the vice-president of PSD.
Tags: anti-Semitism, ilan laufer, klaus iohannis | {
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Q: ArrayList inside HashTable is thread safe Simple question. Is following code is thread safe...?
*
*If yes, is there is any better way..?
*If no, why.? and how can I make it thread safe.
My main doubt because of ArrayList inside Hashtable because ArrayList is not thread safe. So same thing will happen if its part of Hashtable.
Hashtable<Thread, List<String>> threadObjects = new Hashtable<Thread, List<String>>();
// lets assume some object is added.
synchronized (threadObjects)
{
thread = Thread.currentThread();
List<String> v = threadObjects.get(thread);
if (null != v)
{
// do something
}
}
Thanks
A:
If yes, is there is any better way..?
Yes, but use a ThreadLocal>
My main doubt because of ArrayList inside Hashtable because ArrayList is not thread safe.
Normally you would be right, however this code ensures that an ArrayList is only accessed by one thread. Of course if you didn't following this pattern it would be thread safe.
Note: The synchronized (threadObjects) doesn't make any difference in this case.
A:
Is following code is thread safe...?
Yes ... provided that:
*
*the code that creates the map and adds entries to the map is also thread-safe,
*no other code uses the map without synchronizing on it (as per your code), and
*no code updates the list objects without synchronizing on the map.
Thread-safety of an externally synchronized data structure can only be determined by examining all of the code that uses the data structure.
As Peter states, ThreadLocals would be a better solution, but there is still a potential thread-safety issue if the list objects are mutated without appropriate locking.
A: You can use a ThreadLocal to store thread-specific data. For example:
private final ThreadLocal<List<String>> threadObjects =
new ThreadLocal<List<String>>() {
@Override protected List<String> initialValue() {
return new ArrayList<String>();
}
};
public void foo() {
for (String s : threadObjects.get()) {
// do something with each string in this thread's list
}
}
This is a much better way of tracking thread-specific data than the Hashtable approach because the table is maintained for you inside the ThreadLocal implementation itself, including the synchronization. No additional synchronization is needed on the ArrayList instance as long as you don't publish the reference to other threads; each thread will have its own ArrayList instance to do with as it pleases without concurrency concerns.
The overriding of initialValue() is a convenience because it allows you to avoid the check for null on the result of threadObjects.get(), assuming of course that you don't explicitly set the thread local to null.
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How GIS has made Operations simpler for Telecom Service Providers?
Reported by Chethan S March 6th, 2016 at 05:41 pm 4
Over the years, we have come a long way in terms of using maps. Many of us just can't imagine how we would travel to a new locale without Google Maps. The live traffic feature with estimated travel duration is a fantastic feature for anyone who wants to estimate how long would it take to reach a place. All this has been possible with the democratisation of GIS (Geographic Information Systems). Just like PCs became a mainstream technology with every household having one, GIS which was once confined to large enterprises is now available for a layman to use. Beyond the simple use cases explained above, GIS has deep-rooted applications in every industry one can think of –
Government – facilities, public works, urban planning
Business – manufacturing, supply chain, finance, real estate
Utilities / Communication – electricity, telecom, water
Others – Defence, Transportation, Public Safety etc.
This article focuses on the applications of GIS in the telecom industry. For a telecom service provider, GIS acts as a strong supporting platform for
Spectrum auctions
Network planning and deployment
Network efficiency management
While we are yet to see (to my knowledge) the application of GIS during spectrum auctions in India, Indian telecom operators are successfully using GIS for the remaining aspects.
For the upcoming 600 MHz auctions in the United States, GIS software maker Esri has launched a solution that can help telcos come up with smarter bids after a thorough analysis. Esri claims to make pre-auction planning and decision making during the auctions a lot easier. The telco would be in a position to visualize their assets in combination with FCC data and competitor, demographic information, the key elements which drive the ultimate decisions.
In the absence of standardized geospatial data availability in India, every telco is having to come up with their own strategy to make things happen. Yes, the situation is fast changing with the availability of data from Google Maps and Indian players like MapmyIndia but the availability of data which are of interest to a telco is still limited. For instance, in order to lay fiber optic cables, it is important to have data about water pipelines and cables of other service providers. Such data even if available with local bodies would be either outdated or available only in paper format. As of now telcos have to generate important information to feed into their GIS through handheld GPS devices for further processing. However, with benefits outweighing the risks telcos have taken this route and are successful.
The latest example of a player using GIS extensively is Reliance Jio. In 2015, Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited was awarded by Geospatial Media and Communications for 'Enterprise Telecom GIS'. Jio has an end-to-end business process implementation instead of GIS as a point solution utilizing extensive integration of key IT Systems like SAP FiCo, SAP MM, SAP PM, OSS, Service Assurance, etc.
Jio uses Ericsson Network Engineer and ArcGIS Suite.
Airtel Project Leap
Airtel's Project Leap is another classic example where a telco has moved a step forward and is enabling anyone to help them find a new location for a cell site. This would not have been possible without a robust GIS.
With rapid growth in the number of broadband connections, issues like unintentional fiber cuts arise. To keep customers happy it becomes really important to act fast to identify the location and fix the issue. That's when work order management comes into the picture. With every asset mapped and linked to a GIS, an operator would be able to identify the fiber cut location and immediately generate a work order to field personnel. This gets further optimized as the work order is assigned to the person nearest to the spot who can, in turn, fix the problem and report back with a picture. When done well, end users might not even know that an issue had occurred (subject to rerouting the traffic until then).
With ever growing demand for data and the new found problem of call drops plus TRAI order to penalize telcos for the same, network efficiency is of paramount importance. Just like for network planning, network efficiency can be improved by leveraging GIS. Telcos already have sufficient information with which they can easily identify overloaded cell towers and installation of small cells could be a good step to curb call drops. On the growing data consumption, strengthening the backhaul can be an effective solution.
RF Planning and Coverage smoothing can also be achieved using GIS.
GIS can be regarded as the backbone for any telecom service provider's day to day operations. This rapidly evolving technology has enabled telcos to roll out networks faster than ever before and ensure that every customer gets a satisfactory experience.
Chethan S
BSNL launches missed call service for new connections in Kerala Circle
Aircel launches 'Big Friday Sale' : Offers data, voice minutes at cheaper rates
Postpaid Plans Under Rs 1000 With OTT Subscriptions from Airtel, Jio, Vi and BSNL
Mavenir Offers 4G Open RAN Small Cell for Outdoor Deployments Ideal for Remote Locations
Cable TV Charges Restricted at Rs 100 Not Feasible for Operators
Google Assistant, Search, Google Pay Rolling India Exclusive Features | {
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For my conservative and Tea Party brethren, there must now be an acknowledgment that the immediate future looks quite grim. We have a country in some stage of collapse, though I contend that like a free-falling elevator, the rate at which it's falling may not be entirely apparent to its occupants until it hits the ground. As this situation worsens, we must consider what's ahead, how we'll stop it if we can, and salvage it if we're able. For the country to be restored, we'll be compelled to adopt a more proactive stance, because it's probably going to get messy. We face the greater war for our culture and our country, but before we can wage that one to a successful conclusion, we will need to win the opening skirmish.
The Presidential nomination cannot be allowed to go to a useless, tepid, weak candidate who will not pursue the restoration of the country with full vigor. We should consider this primary like an instructive field training exercise, whereby we will polish our skills and extend our endurance, because the other engagements will demand it. As I detailed yesterday, there can really be one candidate among all those under consideration who is able to take on this difficult duty and hope to prevail.
One of the problems in this political season is with us. We've largely failed to understand the larger trends and the clear signals of impending danger those trends are transmitting. People have compared this coming season to 1980, noting its significance is greater than all the election years from them until now. This is an error. A few have even remarked, myself one or twice, that his is more like 1932, but this is also wrong. It's much more substantial than that, and I need your undivided attention in considering it fully. The coming election year is most like 1860, and we're facing a different sort of war to stop a different sort of slavery, and to restore the freedom that had prevailed in most of the years since. I am going to say it more bluntly, because it needs to be said: We are near the tipping point into some sort of civil war.
You may now pause, and wish to ask if I might have blown a gasket, but ladies and gentlemen, we must admit what is true. We now have a government that issues more money to citizens(and some non-citizens) in some form of direct payment than it annually collects in revenues. Those same people are dissatisfied with the amount, and demand still more. Roughly 65% of the Federal government's expenditures go to some sort of redistributive or entitlement program. That includes agricultural subsidies, and most corporate welfare, but does not include the amount we've handed out in bail-outs on a one-time basis due to some supposed crisis or other. At the same time, we know that government is borrowing roughly 40% of what it spends. This means only 60% of its expenditures are covered by revenues. Let me ask once more: Do you not see a problem with this? Again, you are confronted with a stark reality: We now expend more on entitlements to individuals than we now collect. These same beneficiaries now scream that it isn't enough, and are beginning to threaten civil unrest in thinly veiled words.
Whether violence erupts before or after the elections, there will be at least some domestic strife. Leftist groups now openly agitate for "Days of Rage." Consider what message this is meant to deliver. You don't pay enough, they argue , and whether through threats or violence, they intend to have whatever they want and demand. Need I clarify this further? You say, "but Mark, surely they can see you can't squeeze blood from a turnip." I'm telling you that they're willing to settle for turnip soup. You can try to rationalize it in any manner you wish, and try to comfort yourself with the notion that these people wouldn't eat the goose that lays the golden egg. I'm telling you flatly that they'll happily pluck and roast the engine of capitalism because they have been convinced that they're entitled to do so. Who convinced them? You did.
You convinced them because in every previous challenge, in the name of "getting along," or "being compassionate," you have wavered and relented in the face of their demands. With the creation of each additional program over the last century or so, you've said to them that their unlimited wishes will be met. Has it never bothered you that people who claim to seek help due to a desperate need now make their requests in the form of a demand? Finally, and perhaps a bit too late, you're onto them. That's what the Tea Party really is: It's born of the recognition that it's time to begin saying "No." Your problem is that they're no longer accustomed to being told "No." Why would they be otherwise? You have acceded to all previous demands. We have arrived fully in the age of moral cannibalism, and what now threatens our future is the real thing in all its terrifying forms.
This civil war will not be defined so much by geography as by ethical orientation, but in truth, if we examine the last civil war, the lines merely happened to coincide with geography, but it too was about legal and moral considerations. What defined the last war was a notion about the right of states as sovereigns, irrespective the underlying issues, and the object was the ultimate power of the Federal government. Everything that has happened since is an outgrowth of the resolved issue of Federal supremacy over the states, but as was inevitable, once the states were almost fully subdued, all that remained was to then control local governments and ultimately, individuals. Rather than having a tiered system, wherein most citizens seldom deal directly with the federal or even state establishments, we have grown all levels of government in such a thoroughly entangled manner, with power over individual citizens being routinely exercised at all levels that rather than resembling the orderly layered cake our founders conceived, our governments now resemble a stew. It is now nearly impossible to discern the individual parts without some effort to separate them. If we are to repair our country, we'll be forced to begin rebuilding our layer cake, each layer with its own distinctive flavor and function. As it is, we now have federal authorities wishing to impose Commercial Drivers' Licenses on farmers on their own property. We have local officials intervening in other matters, like the right to keep and bear arms, where their authority to restrict rights guaranteed under the federal constitution ought to be negligible. The more you turn this over in your head, and the more thoroughly you grasp what has been done, it becomes clear that whatever layer of government you ought to be engaging in a particular matter, if at all, they are becoming one uniform mass from top to bottom. We are becoming the Soviet Union.
If this all seems a bit too overly dramatic to you, consider the increasingly frequent instances of local governments gone berserk with power, with such things as requiring business licenses of children who wish to set up lemonade stands. There shouldn't be an American alive who doesn't get a sick feeling in the pit of the stomach at the mere thought. That some sort of ridiculously power-hungry government officials who would even think to enforce such a thing should cause you no shortage of concern. No, we mustn't allow our children to experiment in capitalism. No, we mustn't let them experience a capitalism limited only by the extent of their own dedication and imagination. Do you see what this does to our culture, at is simplest, most innocent root? It corrupts it with cynicism about an honest day's work or entrepreneurship and instills submission to the arbitrary demands of government officials, no matter how unreasonable. I now ask you: Isn't this what we have permitted ourselves to become?
I can already imagine the critiques of my leftist counterparts, who will in shrill tones denounce and dismiss what I have said, in the main because they know it to be true. Somehow, like every vanguard of statist "intellectuals" in history, the current crop also believes they will somehow be held harmless and immune, but in truth, once those of us who stand for liberty are displaced, what these self-defrauding useful idiots will discover is that we had been the only thing protecting them, too.
Now, considering this as your actual situation, and armed with this knowledge, what are you to do? Will you flee? Submit? What will be your course? For my part, I will fight. For now, we may expect to fight as we are, in politics, and words, but there may yet come a time when more will be required. To defend this Republic, I will give all if need be. My oath didn't end with my term of service, and I don't know of any statute of limitation upon it. I know most of you feel likewise. Let us work now with extra fervor within the political process in the sincere effort to avert the worst of it.
Part of our problem, nationally, but particularly as conservatives and Republicans, exists in the realm of what we called "enemy identification" when I was in the Army. If you don't know who to fight, it's damned-well difficult to prevail. The simplest answer must be that we must oppose any who wish to further trample our constitution, or otherwise negate its guarantees. We must also demand a stoppage to the inclusion of false guarantees it never contained, but have been increasingly discovered there nonetheless.
We must arise for the task before us, and it is a solemn and difficult chore in the best of times. We must restore our governments, all of them, to their proper limited roles. Some number of our fellow Americans are going to resist a restoration because it means that so much of what they've come to demand by right will no longer be, and this is the first point of conflict, and the threat of that moment will be the probable impetus to a change in the terms of this struggle from the political to the violent. The question is again laid before us: What sort of nation shall we be? What sort of freedom do you seek? What is a right?
We've been building to this for a very long time. The resolution will likely be as sudden in a historical sense as it is likely to be final. Will we continue as a Republic, restoring our liberties, or will we be fundamentally transformed into something even worse than we've already become? Ayn Rand once admonished us through the fictional character of John Galt in the book Atlas Shrugged that no nation could continue indefinitely as half property and half loot. Look around you. What have we become? As we live out the worst of that novel, and seem poised to go to a still more ignominious end, I'm asking you to consider arresting its decline while there's still time. It may be that I'm no different from those in the book who thought it could be saved when it couldn't, but I suspect we've still enough people who know the lessons of history well enough to avoid repeating them.
If that's so, then let us embark on this first campaign, not to wrest control yet from our statist adversaries of the left, but of their complicit collaborators who would claim our friendship on our side. We must settle on a candidate who will be able to bring them back into the fold, without making further compromise to them. Then we can begin to gear ourselves up for the larger struggle. Mark Levin had it right when he titled his book Liberty and Tyranny. Those are now the distinct choices. There has been only one individual of national prominence who has stated this basic thesis consistently, in many contexts and forms for the last three years or more. None have said it more succinctly or plainly. In 2012, we will have Barack Obama on their side of this argument, and we will have Sarah Palin on ours, if we're wise. There turns the conflict. There will be determined the course of our nation. Will we restore our nation, or slide over the precipice into historical insignificance? Will we emerge as a nation aimed back in the direction of liberty, or will we follow the path of tyranny? The choice is yours, and the time to make it is running out. | {
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extern "C"
{
#include <memory.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/nameser.h>
#include <resolv.h>
#include <errno.h>
#ifdef Linux
#include <dlfcn.h>
typedef int (res_ninit_t)(res_state);
#endif
}
#include "arapi.h"
#include "arlib.h"
#ifdef HPUX
#ifndef IN6ADDRSZ
#define IN6ADDRSZ 16
#endif
extern "C"
{
int res_init(void);
int res_mkquery(int, const char *, int, int, const char *, int, struct rrec *, unsigned char *, int);
int dn_skipname(const unsigned char *, const unsigned char *);
int dn_expand(const unsigned char*, const unsigned char*, const unsigned char*, char*, int);
}
#endif
static char hex_digits[] = {
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7',
'8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'
};
#ifdef Linux
static inline void res_init_tls()
{
/*
* XXX glibc-2.2.4 maintains a separate _res per thread, but res_init
* only seems to work for the first thread's _res.
*/
if (!(_res.options & RES_INIT))
{
static res_ninit_t *pres_ninit = (res_ninit_t *)-1;
if (pres_ninit == (res_ninit_t *)-1)
{
res_ninit_t *fn = (res_ninit_t *)dlsym(NULL, "res_ninit");
if (fn == NULL)
fn = (res_ninit_t *)dlsym(NULL, "__res_ninit");
pres_ninit = fn;
}
/* If there is a res_ninit, use it to initialize this thread's _res */
if (pres_ninit != NULL)
(*pres_ninit)(&_res);
PR_ASSERT(_res.options & RES_INIT);
}
}
#endif
// constructor for forward DNS lookup (name resolution)
DNSSession :: DNSSession(const char* name, PRUint16 family, PRIntervalTime tm,
char* buf, PRIntn bufsize, PRHostEnt* hentp)
{
common(tm);
ipfamily = family;
hostname = name;
ip = NULL;
buffer = buf;
buffersize = bufsize ;
hostentp = hentp;
qtype = FORWARD_LOOKUP;
}
// constructor for reverse DNS lookup (IP resolution)
DNSSession :: DNSSession(const PRNetAddr* addrp, PRIntervalTime tm,
char* buf, PRIntn bufsize, PRHostEnt* hentp)
{
common(tm);
ipfamily = 0;
hostname = NULL;
ip = addrp;
buffer = buf;
buffersize = bufsize ;
hostentp = hentp;
qtype = REVERSE_LOOKUP;
}
char DNSSession :: decrRetries()
{
--re_retries;
return re_retries;
}
void DNSSession :: setRetries(char r)
{
re_retries = r;
}
datapacket* DNSSession :: getData()
{
return re_data;
}
hostent* DNSSession :: getArhost()
{
return &ar_host;
}
hent& DNSSession :: getHent()
{
return re_he;
}
in6_addr* DNSSession :: getReaddr()
{
return &re_addr;
}
char DNSSession :: getReaddrtype()
{
return re_addrtype;
}
void DNSSession :: setReaddrtype(char t)
{
re_addrtype = t;
}
void DNSSession :: incrSrch()
{
re_srch ++;
}
char DNSSession :: getSrch() const
{
return re_srch;
}
void DNSSession :: setType(char t)
{
re_type = t;
}
char DNSSession :: getType() const
{
return re_type;
}
void DNSSession :: common(PRIntervalTime tm)
{
starttime = PR_IntervalNow();
timeout = tm;
timedout = PR_FALSE;
sendfailed = PR_FALSE;
id = 0;
lock = PR_NewLock();
PR_ASSERT(lock);
cvar = PR_NewCondVar(lock);
PR_ASSERT(cvar);
status = DNS_INIT;
awake = PR_FALSE;
// query stuff
re_retries = _res.retry;
re_sends = 1;
re_resend = 1;
re_he.h_addr_list[0] = 0;
re_data = NULL;
re_sent = 0;
re_srch = 0;
re_type = 0;
memset(re_name, 0, sizeof(re_name));
memset((void*)&re_he, 0, sizeof(re_he));
memset((void*)&ar_host, 0, sizeof(ar_host));
}
void DNSSession :: setRename(const char* inname)
{
strncpy(re_name, inname, sizeof(re_name)-1);
}
const char* DNSSession :: getRename() const
{
return re_name;
}
DNSSession :: ~ DNSSession()
{
//PR_ASSERT(awake);
PR_DestroyCondVar(cvar);
PR_DestroyLock(lock);
hostname = "grmblll";
free_packet_list();
PRInt32 host_cnt = 0;
while (re_he.h_addr_list[host_cnt])
{
free(re_he.h_addr_list[host_cnt++]);
}
if (re_he.h_name)
{
free(re_he.h_name);
}
ar_free_hostent(&ar_host, 0);
}
int DNSSession :: getID() const
{
return id;
}
char DNSSession :: getSends() const
{
return re_sends;
}
void DNSSession :: setSends(char c)
{
re_sends = c;
}
void DNSSession :: incrSends()
{
re_sends++;
}
char DNSSession :: getResends() const
{
return re_resend;
}
void DNSSession :: setResends(char c)
{
re_resend = c;
}
PRUint16 DNSSession :: getFamily() const
{
return ipfamily;
}
querytype DNSSession :: getQType() const
{
return qtype;
}
const PRNetAddr* DNSSession :: getIP() const
{
return ip;
}
PRHostEnt* DNSSession :: getHentp() const
{
return hostentp;
}
char* DNSSession :: getBuffer() const
{
return buffer;
}
PRIntn DNSSession :: getBufferSize() const
{
return buffersize;
}
const char* DNSSession :: getName() const
{
return hostname;
}
void DNSSession :: setID(int newid)
{
id = newid;
}
void DNSSession :: addSent(int sent)
{
re_sent += sent;
}
void DNSSession :: update ( PRIntervalTime now )
{
if (now - starttime > timeout)
{
timedout = PR_TRUE;
}
}
PRBool DNSSession :: hasTimedOut()
{
return timedout;
}
void DNSSession :: setSendFailed()
{
sendfailed = PR_TRUE;
}
PRBool DNSSession :: hasSendFailed()
{
return sendfailed;
}
void DNSSession :: wait()
{
PR_Lock(lock);
while ( PR_FALSE == awake )
{
PR_WaitCondVar(cvar, PR_INTERVAL_NO_TIMEOUT);
}
awake = PR_FALSE;
PR_Unlock(lock);
}
void DNSSession :: error()
{
// set status
PR_Lock(lock);
status = DNS_ERROR;
awake = PR_TRUE;
PR_NotifyCondVar(cvar);
PR_Unlock(lock);
}
void DNSSession :: expire()
{
// set status
PR_Lock(lock);
status = DNS_TIMED_OUT;
awake = PR_TRUE;
PR_NotifyCondVar(cvar);
PR_Unlock(lock);
}
void DNSSession :: complete()
{
// set status
PR_Lock(lock);
status = DNS_COMPLETED;
awake = PR_TRUE;
PR_NotifyCondVar(cvar);
PR_Unlock(lock);
}
void DNSSession :: setStatus(DNSStatus val)
{
status = val;
}
DNSStatus DNSSession :: getStatus() const
{
return status;
}
DNSSessionListElement :: DNSSessionListElement(DNSSessionListElement* p,
DNSSessionListElement* n, DNSSession* s)
{
session = s;
prev = p;
next = n;
}
DNSSessionListElement :: ~DNSSessionListElement()
{
}
DNSSessionListElement* DNSSessionListElement :: getNext() const
{
return next;
}
DNSSessionListElement* DNSSessionListElement :: getPrev() const
{
return prev;
}
DNSSession* DNSSessionListElement :: getSession() const
{
return session;
}
void DNSSessionListElement :: setNext(DNSSessionListElement* n)
{
next = n;
}
void DNSSessionListElement :: setPrev(DNSSessionListElement* p)
{
prev = p;
}
DNSSessionList :: DNSSessionList()
{
total = 0;
head = NULL;
}
void DNSSessionList :: add(DNSSession* s)
{
if (0 == total)
{
PR_ASSERT(head == NULL);
head = new DNSSessionListElement(NULL, NULL, s);
total ++;
}
else
{
PR_ASSERT(head);
DNSSessionListElement* newelement =
new DNSSessionListElement(NULL, head, s);
head->setPrev(newelement);
head = newelement;
total++;
}
}
PRBool DNSSessionList :: remove(DNSSession* s)
{
PR_ASSERT(s);
PR_ASSERT(head);
PR_ASSERT(total);
PRBool removed = PR_FALSE;
DNSSessionListElement* element = head;
while (element)
{
if (s == element->getSession())
{
if (element->getPrev())
{
DNSSessionListElement* prev = element->getPrev();
DNSSessionListElement* next = element->getNext();
prev->setNext(next);
if (next)
{
next->setPrev(prev);
}
delete(element);
}
else
{
// first element
PR_ASSERT(element == head);
head = element->getNext();
if (head)
{
head->setPrev(NULL);
}
delete(element);
}
removed = PR_TRUE;
break;
}
element = element->getNext();
}
if (removed)
{
total--;
PR_ASSERT(total>=0);
if (0 == total)
{
PR_ASSERT(NULL == head);
}
}
return removed;
}
PRBool DNSSessionList :: remove(int id) // deletes this session from the list
{
PRBool removed = PR_FALSE;
DNSSession* session = lookup(id);
if (session)
{
removed = remove(session);
}
return removed;
}
DNSSession* DNSSessionList :: lookup(int id)
{
DNSSessionListElement* element = head;
while (element)
{
DNSSession* session = element->getSession();
if (id == session->getID())
{
return session;
}
element = element->getNext();
}
return NULL;
}
PRInt32 DNSSessionList :: numberOfElements() const
{
return total;
}
DNSSessionHash :: DNSSessionHash()
{
lock = PR_NewLock();
total = 0;
bucket = 0;
nextitem = NULL;
lastsession = NULL;
}
// check hash table consistency
void DNSSessionHash :: check()
{
PR_Lock(lock);
PRInt32 temptotal = 0;
PRInt32 i;
for (i=0;i<HASH_SIZE;i++)
{
temptotal += buckets[i].numberOfElements();
}
PR_ASSERT(total == temptotal);
PR_Unlock(lock);
}
DNSSessionHash :: ~ DNSSessionHash()
{
PR_DestroyLock(lock);
}
void DNSSessionHash :: add(DNSSession* session)
{
PR_Lock(lock);
int newbucket = session->getID() % HASH_SIZE;
buckets[newbucket].add(session);
total ++ ;
PR_Unlock(lock);
}
void DNSSessionHash :: remove(DNSSession* session)
{
PR_Lock(lock);
int newbucket = session->getID() % HASH_SIZE;
buckets[newbucket].remove(session);
total --;
PR_Unlock(lock);
}
DNSSession* DNSSessionHash :: lookup(int id)
{
PR_Lock(lock);
int newbucket = id % HASH_SIZE;
DNSSession* session = buckets[newbucket].lookup(id);
PR_Unlock(lock);
return session;
}
void DNSSessionHash :: start_enum()
{
PR_Lock(lock);
bucket = 0;
nextitem = buckets[bucket].getHead();
lastsession = NULL;
}
DNSSession* DNSSessionHash :: getNextSession()
{
DNSSession* session = NULL;
while (bucket < HASH_SIZE)
{
if (nextitem)
{
// found the session
session = nextitem->getSession();
// move to the next item for the next call to getNextSession
nextitem = nextitem->getNext();
break;
}
else
{
// try the next bucket
bucket++;
if (bucket <HASH_SIZE)
{
nextitem = buckets[bucket].getHead();
}
else
{
// done with all buckets, break out
break;
}
}
}
lastsession = session;
return session;
}
void DNSSessionHash :: end_enum()
{
PR_Unlock(lock);
bucket = 0;
nextitem = NULL;
lastsession = NULL;
}
void DNSSessionHash :: removeCurrent()
{
if (lastsession)
{
buckets[bucket].remove(lastsession);
total --;
lastsession = NULL;
}
}
DNSSessionListElement* DNSSessionList :: getHead()
{
return head;
}
Resolver :: Resolver(PRIntervalTime timeout)
{
curlookups = namelookups = addrlookups = 0;
ar_vc = 0;
ok = PR_FALSE;
ar_default_workerthread_timeout = timeout;
memset(&ar_reinfo, 0, sizeof(ar_reinfo));
dnslock = PR_NewLock();
initcvar = PR_NewCondVar(dnslock);
awake = PR_FALSE;
afd = NULL;
// then create a DNS manager background thread
PRThread* ar_worker = PR_CreateThread(PR_SYSTEM_THREAD,
run,
this,
PR_PRIORITY_NORMAL,
PR_LOCAL_THREAD,
PR_JOINABLE_THREAD,
0);
if (ar_worker)
{
wait();
if (!ok)
{
PR_JoinThread(ar_worker);
}
}
}
void Resolver :: wait()
{
PR_Lock(dnslock);
while (PR_FALSE == awake)
{
PR_WaitCondVar(initcvar, PR_INTERVAL_NO_TIMEOUT);
}
awake = PR_FALSE;
PR_Unlock(dnslock);
}
void Resolver :: started()
{
PR_Lock(dnslock);
awake = PR_TRUE;
ok = PR_TRUE; // successful start, async DNS is now enabled
PR_NotifyCondVar(initcvar);
PR_Unlock(dnslock);
}
void Resolver :: error()
{
PR_Lock(dnslock);
awake = PR_TRUE;
ok = PR_FALSE; // couldn't initialize resolver
PR_NotifyCondVar(initcvar);
PR_Unlock(dnslock);
}
PRBool Resolver :: hasStarted() const
{
return ok;
}
Resolver :: ~Resolver()
{
}
/*
* ar_open
*
* Open a socket to talk to a name server with.
* Check _res.options to see if we use a TCP or UDP socket.
*/
PRFileDesc* Resolver :: ar_open()
{
if (NULL == afd && _res.nscount > 0)
{
if (_res.options & RES_USEVC)
{
struct sockaddr_in *sip;
int i = 0;
sip = _res.nsaddr_list;
ar_vc = 1;
afd = PR_NewTCPSocket();
/*
* Try each name server listed in sequence until we
* succeed or run out.
*/
while (PR_Connect(afd, (PRNetAddr *)sip++,
PR_INTERVAL_NO_TIMEOUT))
{
PR_Close(afd);
afd = NULL;
if (i++ >= _res.nscount)
break;
afd = PR_NewTCPSocket();
}
}
else
{
afd = PR_NewUDPSocket();
}
}
return afd;
}
/*
* ar_close
*
* Closes and flags the ARLIB socket as closed.
*/
void Resolver :: ar_close()
{
PR_Close(afd);
afd = NULL;
return;
}
PRIntervalTime Resolver :: getDefaultTimeout()
{
return ar_default_workerthread_timeout;
}
DNSSessionHash& Resolver :: getHTable()
{
return DNShash;
}
PRLock* Resolver :: getDnsLock()
{
return dnslock;
}
void Resolver :: run(void* arg)
{
Resolver* ptr = (Resolver*) arg;
ptr->DNS_manager();
}
void Resolver :: DNS_manager()
{
// setup a connection to the DNS (UDP or TCP)
PRFileDesc* fd = ar_init(ARES_CALLINIT|ARES_INITSOCK);
if (!fd)
{
error();
return;
}
started();
PRIntervalTime delay = PR_SecondsToInterval(1);
PRPollDesc pfd;
pfd.fd = afd;
pfd.in_flags = PR_POLL_READ;
// wake up periodically to expire clients
while(PR_TRUE)
{
switch (PR_Poll(&pfd, 1, delay))
{
case -1: // fail
case 0: // timeout
break;
default:
// if there's data, let ar_receive figure out where to route it
// read response from the DNS server
if (pfd.out_flags & PR_POLL_READ)
ar_receive();
break;
}
PRIntervalTime now = PR_IntervalNow();
DNShash.start_enum();
DNSSession* session;
// enumerate session hash table
while (session = DNShash.getNextSession())
{
if (PR_TRUE == session->hasSendFailed() )
{
DNShash.removeCurrent(); // remove this session from the hash table
session->error(); // set status and wake up client
continue;
}
session->update(now); // update remaining time for each session
if (PR_TRUE == session->hasTimedOut() )
{
DNShash.removeCurrent(); // remove this session from the hash table
session->expire(); // set status and wake up client
continue;
}
}
DNShash.end_enum();
DNShash.check();
}
}
int ar_default_retry;
const char* AR_DOT = ".";
const PRInt32 DEFAULT_RETRY = 20; /* # of seconds to wait for resolver to return data */
PRFileDesc *afd = NULL;
// legacy code
/*
* ar_init
*
* Initializes the various ARLIB internal variables and related DNS
* options for res_init().
*
* Returns NULL or the pointer to PRFileDesc which contain a socket
* opened for use with talking to name servers if 0 is passed or
* ARES_INITSOCK is set.
*/
PRFileDesc* Resolver :: ar_init(int op)
{
PRFileDesc* ret = NULL;
if (op & ARES_CALLINIT)
{
PR_Lock(dnslock);
res_init();
#ifdef Linux
res_init_tls();
#endif
PR_Unlock(dnslock);
strcpy(ar_domainname, AR_DOT);
strncat(ar_domainname, _res.defdname, sizeof(ar_domainname)-2);
}
if (op & ARES_INITSOCK)
ret = afd = ar_open();
if (op & ARES_INITDEBG)
_res.options |= RES_DEBUG;
if (op == 0)
ret = afd;
return ret;
}
resstats_t* Resolver :: GetInfo()
{
return &ar_reinfo;
}
PRBool Resolver :: process(DNSSession* session)
{
PR_AtomicIncrement(&curlookups);
PRBool locstatus = PR_FALSE;
char host[MAXDNAME];
resinfo_t resi;
resinfo_t* rp = &resi;
struct hostent* hp = NULL;
PRInt32 rv = 0;
int querytype = 0;
if (session)
{
session->setStatus(DNS_IN_PROCESS);
if (FORWARD_LOOKUP == session->getQType ())
{
PR_AtomicIncrement(&namelookups);
memset((char *)rp, 0, sizeof(resi));
ar_reinfo.re_na_look++;
strncpy(host, session->getName(), 64);
host[64] = '\0';
locstatus = PR_TRUE;
switch(session->getFamily())
{
case PR_AF_INET:
querytype = T_A;
break;
case PR_AF_INET6:
querytype = T_AAAA;
break;
default:
locstatus = PR_FALSE;
}
// Makes and sends the query
// the session gets automatically added to the hash table
if (PR_TRUE == locstatus)
{
if (do_query_name(rp, host, session, querytype) == -1)
{
PR_SetError(PR_BAD_ADDRESS_ERROR, 0);
locstatus = PR_FALSE;
}
}
}
else
if (REVERSE_LOOKUP == session->getQType ())
{
PR_AtomicIncrement(&addrlookups);
memset((char *)rp, 0, sizeof(resi));
ar_reinfo.re_na_look++;
const PRNetAddr* addrp = session->getIP();
locstatus = PR_TRUE;
switch(addrp->raw.family)
{
case PR_AF_INET:
rv = do_query_number(rp, (char *) &addrp->inet.ip, session, PR_AF_INET);
break;
case PR_AF_INET6:
rv = do_query_number(rp, (char *) &addrp->ipv6.ip, session, PR_AF_INET6);
break;
default:
locstatus = PR_FALSE;
PR_SetError(PR_BAD_ADDRESS_ERROR, 0);
break;
}
if (-1 == rv)
{
locstatus = PR_FALSE;
}
}
}
if (PR_TRUE == locstatus)
{
locstatus = PR_FALSE;
int resend;
do {
resend = 0;
session->wait();
if (DNS_COMPLETED == session->getStatus() )
{
// Process answer and return meaningful data to caller.
if (FORWARD_LOOKUP == session->getQType())
{
if ((hp = ar_answer(session, &resend, NULL, 0)) != NULL)
{
PRInt32 rv = CopyHostent(session->getHentp(), hp,
session->getBuffer(),
session->getBufferSize());
if (rv != PR_AR_OK)
PR_SetError(rv, 0);
else
locstatus = PR_TRUE;
}
}
else
if (REVERSE_LOOKUP == session->getQType())
{
if (hp = ar_answer(session, &resend, NULL, 0))
{
PRInt32 rv = CopyHostent(session->getHentp(), hp,
session->getBuffer(),
session->getBufferSize());
if (rv != PR_AR_OK)
PR_SetError(rv, 0);
else
locstatus = PR_TRUE;
}
}
}
else
if (DNS_TIMED_OUT == session->getStatus())
{
PR_SetError(PR_IO_TIMEOUT_ERROR, 0);
}
else
{
PR_SetError(PR_BAD_ADDRESS_ERROR, 0);
}
} while (resend);
}
PR_AtomicDecrement(&curlookups);
return locstatus;
}
/*
* ar_send_res_msg
*
* When sending queries to nameservers listed in the resolv.conf file,
* don't send a query to every one, but increase the number sent linearly
* to match the number of resends. This increase only occurs if there are
* multiple nameserver entries in the resolv.conf file.
* The return value is the number of messages successfully sent to
* nameservers or -1 if no successful sends.
*/
int Resolver :: ar_send_res_msg(char *msg, int len, int rcount)
{
int i;
int sent = 0;
#ifdef HPUX
/* VB: _res on HP is thread specific and needs to be initialized
on every thread */
if (!(_res.options & RES_INIT)) {
res_init();
}
#endif
#ifdef Linux
res_init_tls();
#endif
if (!msg)
return -1;
if (_res.options & RES_PRIMARY)
rcount = 1;
rcount = (_res.nscount > rcount) ? rcount : _res.nscount;
if (ar_vc)
{
ar_reinfo.re_sent++;
sent++;
if (PR_Send(afd, msg, len, 0, PR_INTERVAL_NO_TIMEOUT) == -1)
{
int errtmp = errno;
PR_ASSERT(0);
(void)PR_Close(afd);
errno = errtmp;
afd = NULL;
}
}
else
for (i = 0; i < rcount; i++)
{
struct sockaddr_in sin = _res.nsaddr_list[i];
// XXX jpierre is this legal ???
PRNetAddr *paddr = (PRNetAddr *)&sin;
#ifdef AIX
PRNetAddr addr;
/* For AIX struct sockaddr_in { uchar_t sin_len;
* sa_family_t sin_family;
* in_port_t sin_port;
* struct in_addr sin_addr; uchar_t sin_zero[8]; };
* struct in_addr { in_addr_t s_addr; };
* typedef uint32_t in_addr_t;
*
* In NSPR PRNetAddr is :
* union PRNetAddr { struct { PRUint16 family;
* char data[14]; } raw;
* struct { PRUint16 family; PRUint16 port;
* PRUint32 ip; char pad[8]; } inet; ... }
*/
PR_ASSERT(sin.sin_family == AF_INET);
/* xxx strange when request is sent to IPV6 address
* then also address family is AF_INET
*/
memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
addr.raw.family = sin.sin_family;
addr.inet.family = sin.sin_family;
addr.inet.port = sin.sin_port;
addr.inet.ip = sin.sin_addr.s_addr;
memcpy(addr.inet.pad, sin.sin_zero, 8);
paddr = &addr;
#endif
if (PR_SendTo(afd, msg, len, 0,
paddr,
PR_INTERVAL_NO_TIMEOUT) == len) {
ar_reinfo.re_sent++;
sent++;
}
else
{
PR_ASSERT(0);
}
}
return (sent) ? sent : -1;
}
/*
* ar_query_name
*
* generate a query based on class, type and name.
*/
int Resolver :: ar_query_name(const char *name, int xclass, int type, DNSSession* session)
{
u_char buf[MAXPACKET];
int r,s;
HEADER *hptr;
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
PR_Lock(dnslock);
r = res_mkquery(QUERY, name, xclass, type, NULL, 0, NULL,
(unsigned char*)buf, sizeof(buf));
PR_Unlock(dnslock);
if (r <= 0)
{
#ifndef XP_OS2
h_errno = NO_RECOVERY;
#endif
return r;
}
hptr = (HEADER *)buf;
/* Add to chains */
session->setID(ntohs(hptr->id));
DNShash.add(session);
session->setStatus(DNS_SENT);
s = ar_send_res_msg((char*)buf, r, session->getSends());
if (s == -1)
{
#ifndef XP_OS2
h_errno = TRY_AGAIN;
#endif
// XXXcelving race
// DNShash.remove(session);
// return -1;
/*
* After a DNSSession has been added to the DNShash, only DNS_manager
* can safely remove it. Flag the DNSSession so that DNS_manager
* removes it ASAP.
*/
session->setSendFailed();
}
else
{
session->addSent(s);
}
return 0;
}
int Resolver :: do_query_name(resinfo_t *resi, const char *name, DNSSession* session, int querytype)
{
char hname[MAXDNAME];
int len;
len = strlen((char *)strncpy(hname, session->getName(), sizeof(hname)-1));
/*
* Store the name passed as the one to lookup and generate other host
* names to pass onto the nameserver(s) for lookups.
*/
session->setType(querytype);
session->setRename(name);
return (ar_query_name(hname, C_IN, querytype, session));
}
/*
* do_query_number
*
* Use this to do reverse IP# lookups.
*/
int Resolver :: do_query_number(resinfo_t *resi, char *numb, DNSSession* session, int addrtype)
{
unsigned char* cp = NULL;
char ipbuf[256];
int length = 0;
switch (addrtype)
{
case PR_AF_INET:
/*
* Generate name in the "in-addr.arpa" domain. No addings bits to
* this name to get more names to query!.
*/
cp = (unsigned char *)numb;
(void)sprintf(ipbuf,"%u.%u.%u.%u.in-addr.arpa.",
(unsigned int)(cp[3]), (unsigned int)(cp[2]),
(unsigned int)(cp[1]), (unsigned int)(cp[0]));
length = INADDRSZ;
break;
case PR_AF_INET6:
make_ipv6_addr(ipbuf, numb, 1);
length = IN6ADDRSZ;
break;
default:
return -1;
break;
}
hent& re_he = session->getHent();
session->setType(T_PTR);
re_he.h_length = length;
memcpy((char *)session->getReaddr(), numb, re_he.h_length);
re_he.h_addr_list[0] = (char *)malloc(length);
memcpy(re_he.h_addr_list[0], numb, length);
re_he.h_name = NULL;
session->setReaddrtype(addrtype);
re_he.h_addrtype = addrtype;
return (ar_query_name(ipbuf, C_IN, T_PTR, session));
}
/*
* ar_resent_query
*
* resends a query.
*/
int Resolver :: ar_resend_query(DNSSession* session)
{
if (!session->getResends())
return -1;
switch(session->getType())
{
case T_PTR:
ar_reinfo.re_resends++;
/* XXXMB - I think this should be: (char *)&(session->re_addr) */
return do_query_number(NULL, (char *)(session->getReaddr()), session, session->getReaddrtype());
case T_A:
ar_reinfo.re_resends++;
return do_query_name(NULL, session->getName(), session, T_A);
case T_AAAA:
ar_reinfo.re_resends++;
return do_query_name(NULL, session->getName(), session, T_AAAA);
default:
break;
}
return -1;
}
/*
* ar_procanswer
*
* process an answer received from a nameserver.
*/
int Resolver :: ar_procanswer(DNSSession* session, HEADER* hptr, u_char* buf, u_char* eob)
{
u_char* cp = NULL;
char** alias = NULL;
int xclass, type = 0, dlen, len, ans = 0, n = 0;
char** adr = NULL;
char ar_hostbuf[MAXDNAME]; /* Must be on stack */
unsigned int ancount = 0 , arcount = 0 , nscount = 0, qdcount = 0;
int host_cnt = 0;
/*
* convert things to be in the right order.
*/
ancount = ntohs(hptr->ancount);
arcount = ntohs(hptr->arcount);
nscount = ntohs(hptr->nscount);
qdcount = ntohs(hptr->qdcount);
cp = buf + HFIXEDSZ;
hent& re_he = session->getHent();
adr = re_he.h_addr_list;
#ifdef DNS_DEBUG
Print_query(buf, eob, 1);
#endif
while (*adr)
{
adr++;
host_cnt++;
}
alias = re_he.h_aliases;
while (*alias)
{
alias++;
}
/*
* Skip over the original question.
*/
while (qdcount > 0)
{
qdcount--;
cp += dn_skipname((const unsigned char*)cp, (const unsigned char*)eob) + QFIXEDSZ;
}
/*
* process each answer sent to us. blech.
*/
while ((ancount > 0) && (cp < eob))
{
ancount--;
PR_Lock(dnslock);
n = dn_expand((const unsigned char*)buf, (const unsigned char*)eob, (const unsigned char*)cp, (char*)ar_hostbuf, sizeof(ar_hostbuf));
PR_Unlock(dnslock);
cp += n;
if (n <= 0)
return ans;
ans++;
/*
* 'skip' past the general dns crap (ttl, xclass, etc) to get
* the pointer to the right spot. Some of thse are actually
* useful so its not a good idea to skip past in one big jump.
*/
type = (int)GetShort(cp);
cp += sizeof(short);
xclass = (int)GetShort(cp);
cp += sizeof(short);
/* ttl = */ (void)(PRUint32)GetLong(cp);
cp += INT32SZ;
dlen = (int)GetShort(cp);
cp += sizeof(short);
session->setType(type);
switch(type)
{
case T_A :
{
re_he.h_addrtype = PR_AF_INET;
re_he.h_length = INADDRSZ;
re_he.h_addr_list[host_cnt] = (char *)malloc(INADDRSZ);
memcpy(re_he.h_addr_list[host_cnt], cp, dlen);
re_he.h_addr_list[++host_cnt] = NULL;
cp += dlen;
len = strlen(ar_hostbuf);
if (!re_he.h_name)
{
re_he.h_name = (char *)malloc(len+1);
(void)strcpy(re_he.h_name, ar_hostbuf);
}
break;
}
case T_AAAA :
{
char buf[1024];
re_he.h_addrtype = PR_AF_INET6;
re_he.h_length = IN6ADDRSZ;
re_he.h_addr_list[host_cnt] = (char *)malloc(16);
memcpy(re_he.h_addr_list[host_cnt], cp, dlen);
re_he.h_addr_list[++host_cnt] = NULL;
cp += dlen;
len = strlen(ar_hostbuf);
if (!re_he.h_name)
{
re_he.h_name = (char *)malloc(len+1);
(void)strcpy(re_he.h_name, ar_hostbuf);
}
break;
}
case T_PTR :
{
PR_Lock(dnslock);
n = dn_expand((const unsigned char*)buf, (const unsigned char*)eob, (const unsigned char*)cp, (char*)ar_hostbuf, sizeof(ar_hostbuf));
PR_Unlock(dnslock);
if (n < 0)
{
cp += n;
continue;
}
cp += n;
len = strlen(ar_hostbuf)+1;
/*
* copy the returned hostname into the host name
* or alias field if there is a known hostname
* already.
*/
if (!re_he.h_name)
{
re_he.h_name = (char *)malloc(len);
(void)strcpy(re_he.h_name, ar_hostbuf);
}
else
{
*alias = (char*)malloc(len);
if (!*alias)
return -1;
(void)strcpy(*alias++, ar_hostbuf);
*alias = NULL;
}
break;
}
case T_CNAME :
{
cp += dlen;
if (alias >= &(re_he.h_aliases[MAXALIASES-1]))
continue;
n = strlen(ar_hostbuf)+1;
*alias = (char*)malloc(n);
if (!*alias)
return -1;
(void)strcpy(*alias++, ar_hostbuf);
*alias = NULL;
break;
}
default :
{
break;
}
}
}
return ans;
}
/*
* ar_receive
*
* Get the answer from the DNS server and wakeup the corresponding
* thread which made the request.
*/
void Resolver :: ar_receive()
{
char ar_rcvbuf[HFIXEDSZ + MAXPACKET];
HEADER* hptr = NULL; /* Name Server query header */
DNSSession* session = NULL;
int rc = 0;
datapacket* newpkt = NULL;
unsigned int id = 0;
if (ar_vc)
rc = PR_Recv(afd, ar_rcvbuf, HFIXEDSZ+MAXPACKET, 0,
PR_INTERVAL_NO_TIMEOUT);
else
rc = PR_Read(afd, ar_rcvbuf, HFIXEDSZ+MAXPACKET);
ar_reinfo.re_replies++;
/* Create a reslist_pkt_t to queue against the reslist */
newpkt = new datapacket();
PR_ASSERT(newpkt);
newpkt->next = NULL;
if (rc >0)
{
// packet received
/*
* Wakeup corresponding thread.
*/
hptr = (HEADER *)ar_rcvbuf;
/*
* convert things to be in the right order.
*/
id = ntohs(hptr->id);
/*
* response for an id which we have already received an answer for
* just ignore this response.
*/
session = DNShash.lookup(id);
if (!session)
{
delete(newpkt);
/* Request no longer in queue, so just return. */
return;
}
newpkt->buflen = rc;
memset(newpkt, 0, HFIXEDSZ + MAXPACKET);
memcpy(newpkt, ar_rcvbuf, rc);
}
else
{
// no packet received
newpkt->buflen = 0;
}
// Append new data packet to end of known data packets
session->reslist_add_pkt(newpkt);
session->setStatus(DNS_RCVD);
// Wakeup corresponding thread.
DNShash.remove(session); // remove this completed session from the hash table
session->complete();
}
void ar_free_hostent (struct hostent *hp, int flag)
{
char **s = NULL;
if (hp->h_name)
(void)free(hp->h_name);
if (s = hp->h_aliases) {
/* The individual aliases were allocated in one chunk... */
if (*s)
{
(void)free(*s++);
s++;
}
(void)free(hp->h_aliases);
}
if (s = hp->h_addr_list)
{
/* The individual addresses were allocated in one chunk... */
if (*s)
{
(void)free(*s);
s++;
}
(void)free(hp->h_addr_list);
}
if (flag)
free(hp);
}
/*
* ar_answer
*
* Get an answer from a DNS server and process it. If a query is found to
* which no answer has been given to yet, copy its 'info' structure back
* to where "reip" points and return a pointer to the hostent structure.
*/
struct hostent* Resolver :: ar_answer(DNSSession* session, int* resend, char* reip, int size)
{
hent& re_he = session->getHent();
HEADER* hptr = NULL; /* Name Server query header */
struct hostent* hp = NULL;
char** s = NULL;
unsigned long* adr = NULL;
int i = 0 , n = 0 , a = 0;
char** cp = NULL;
if (session->getData() == NULL)
{
/* If re_data is NULL, we don't have a packet; must have timed out */
if (session->decrRetries() <= 0)
{
ar_reinfo.re_timeouts++;
*resend = 0;
}
else
{
session->incrSends();
if (!ar_resend_query(session))
*resend = 1;
}
return NULL;
}
*resend = 0;
hptr = (HEADER *)session->getData()->rcvbuf;
/*
* response for an id which we have already received an answer for
* just ignore this response.
*/
if ((hptr->rcode != NOERROR) || (hptr->ancount == 0)) {
#ifndef XP_OS2
switch (hptr->rcode) {
case NXDOMAIN:
h_errno = HOST_NOT_FOUND;
break;
case SERVFAIL:
h_errno = TRY_AGAIN;
break;
case NOERROR:
h_errno = NO_DATA;
break;
case FORMERR:
case NOTIMP:
case REFUSED:
default:
h_errno = NO_RECOVERY;
break;
}
#endif
ar_reinfo.re_errors++;
/*
** If a bad error was returned, we stop here and dont send
** send any more (no retries granted).
*/
if (h_errno != TRY_AGAIN)
{
session->setResends(0);
session->setRetries(0);
}
goto getres_err;
}
a = ar_procanswer(session,
hptr,
(u_char*)session->getData()->rcvbuf,
(u_char*)session->getData()->rcvbuf + session->getData()->buflen);
if (a <= 0)
{
*resend=0;
return NULL;
}
if ((session->getType() == T_PTR) && (_res.options & RES_CHECKPTR))
{
/*
* For reverse lookups on IP#'s, lookup the name that is given
* for the ip# and return with that as the official result.
* -avalon
*/
switch(session->getReaddrtype())
{
case PR_AF_INET:
session->setType(T_A);
break;
case PR_AF_INET6:
session->setType(T_AAAA);
break;
default:
return NULL;
}
/*
* Clean out the list of addresses already set, even though
* there should only be one :)
*/
adr = (unsigned long *)re_he.h_addr_list;
while (*adr)
*adr++ = 0L;
/*
* Lookup the name that we were given for the ip#
*/
ar_reinfo.re_na_look++;
session->setRename(re_he.h_name);
re_he.h_name = NULL;
re_he.h_addr_list[0] = 0;
session->setRetries(_res.retry);
session->setSends(1);
session->setResends(1);
ar_reinfo.re_na_look++;
if (!ar_query_name(session->getName(), C_IN, session->getType(), session))
*resend = 1;
return NULL;
}
if (session && re_he.h_name == NULL)
goto getres_err;
/*
if (reip && session->re_rinfo.ri_ptr && size)
memcpy(reip, session->re_rinfo.ri_ptr,
MIN(session->re_rinfo.ri_size, size));
*/
/*
* Clean up structure from previous usage.
*/
hp = session->getArhost();
memset((char *)hp, 0, sizeof(*hp));
/*
* Setup and copy details for the structure we return a pointer to.
*/
hp->h_addrtype = re_he.h_addrtype;
hp->h_length = re_he.h_length;
hp->h_name = (char *)malloc(strlen(re_he.h_name)+1);
(void)strcpy(hp->h_name, re_he.h_name);
/*
* Count IP#'s.
*/
n = 0;
for (cp = re_he.h_addr_list; *cp; cp++)
n++;
s = hp->h_addr_list = (char **)malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(char *));
if (n)
{
char buf[512];
*s = (char *)malloc(n * re_he.h_length);
memcpy(*s, re_he.h_addr_list[0],
re_he.h_length);
s++;
for (i = 1; i < n; i++, s++) {
*s = hp->h_addr + i * re_he.h_length;
memcpy(*s, (char *)re_he.h_addr_list[i],
re_he.h_length);
}
}
*s = NULL;
/*
* Count CNAMEs
*/
for (i = 0, n = 0; i < MAXADDRS; i++, n++)
if (!re_he.h_aliases[i])
break;
s = hp->h_aliases = (char **)malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(char *));
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
*s++ = re_he.h_aliases[i];
re_he.h_aliases[i] = NULL;
}
*s = NULL;
return hp;
getres_err:
if (session)
{
/*
if (reip && session->re_rinfo.ri_ptr && size)
memcpy(reip, session->re_rinfo.ri_ptr,
MIN(session->re_rinfo.ri_size, size));
*/
if ((h_errno != TRY_AGAIN) &&
(_res.options & (RES_DNSRCH|RES_DEFNAMES) ==
(RES_DNSRCH|RES_DEFNAMES) )) {
if (_res.dnsrch[session->getSrch()]) {
session->setRetries(_res.retry);
session->setSends(1);
session->setResends(1);
if (!ar_resend_query(session)) {
*resend = 1;
session->incrSrch();
}
}
}
}
return NULL;
}
void DNSSession :: free_packet_list()
{
datapacket* ptr = re_data;
while (ptr)
{
datapacket* next = ptr->next;
delete(ptr);
ptr = next;
}
}
/* Caller must hold the reslist->re_lock
* add a pkt to the reslist
*/
void DNSSession :: reslist_add_pkt(datapacket *pkt)
{
datapacket* ptr = re_data;
/* must add to tail of list */
while (ptr && ptr->next)
ptr = ptr->next;
pkt->next = NULL;
if (ptr)
{
// add packet to the end of the list
ptr->next = pkt;
}
else
{
// first packet
re_data = pkt;
}
}
/*
* Mostly stolen from bind 9.0.1 code from byaddr.c
*/
void make_ipv6_addr(char * textname, char * address, int nibble) {
unsigned char *bytes;
char * cp;
int i;
bytes = (unsigned char *)(address);
if (nibble) {
cp = textname;
for (i = 15; i >= 0; i--) {
*cp++ = hex_digits[bytes[i] & 0x0f];
*cp++ = '.';
*cp++ = hex_digits[(bytes[i] >> 4) & 0x0f];
*cp++ = '.';
}
strcpy(cp, "ip6.int.");
} else {
cp = textname;
*cp++ = '\\';
*cp++ = '[';
*cp++ = 'x';
for (i = 0; i < 16; i += 2) {
*cp++ = hex_digits[(bytes[i] >> 4) & 0x0f];
*cp++ = hex_digits[bytes[i] & 0x0f];
*cp++ = hex_digits[(bytes[i+1] >> 4) & 0x0f];
*cp++ = hex_digits[bytes[i+1] & 0x0f];
}
strcpy(cp, "].ip6.arpa.");
}
}
/*
** Allocate space from the buffer, aligning it to "align" before doing
** the allocation. "align" must be a power of 2.
*/
char *Alloc(PRIntn amount, char **bufp, PRIntn *buflenp, PRIntn align)
{
char *buf = *bufp;
PRIntn buflen = *buflenp;
if (align && ((long)buf & (align - 1)))
{
PRIntn skip = align - ((ptrdiff_t)buf & (align - 1));
if (buflen < skip) {
return 0;
}
buf += skip;
buflen -= skip;
}
if (buflen < amount)
{
return 0;
}
*bufp = buf + amount;
*buflenp = buflen - amount;
return buf;
}
/*
** Copy a hostent, and all of the memory that it refers to into
** (hopefully) stacked buffers.
*/
PRInt32 CopyHostent(PRHostEnt *to, struct hostent *from, char *buf, PRIntn bufsize)
{
PRIntn len = 0, na = 0;
char** ap = NULL;
/* Do the easy stuff */
to->h_addrtype = from->h_addrtype;
to->h_length = from->h_length;
/* Copy the official name */
if (!from->h_name)
return PR_BAD_ADDRESS_ERROR;
len = strlen(from->h_name) + 1;
to->h_name = Alloc(len, &buf, &bufsize, 0);
if (!to->h_name)
return PR_BAD_ADDRESS_ERROR;
memcpy(to->h_name, from->h_name, len);
/* Count the aliases, then allocate storage for the pointers */
for (na = 1, ap = from->h_aliases; *ap != 0; na++, ap++);
to->h_aliases = (char**) Alloc(na * sizeof(char*), &buf, &bufsize,
sizeof(char**));
if (!to->h_aliases)
return PR_BAD_ADDRESS_ERROR;
/* Copy the aliases, one at a time */
for (na = 0, ap = from->h_aliases; *ap != 0; na++, ap++)
{
if (*ap)
{
len = strlen(*ap) + 1;
to->h_aliases[na] = Alloc(len, &buf, &bufsize, 0);
if (!to->h_aliases[na]) return PR_BAD_ADDRESS_ERROR;
memcpy(to->h_aliases[na], *ap, len);
} else
{
to->h_aliases[na] = 0;
}
}
to->h_aliases[na] = 0;
/* Count the addresses, then allocate storage for the pointers */
for (na = 1, ap = from->h_addr_list; *ap != 0; na++, ap++);
to->h_addr_list = (char**) Alloc(na * sizeof(char*), &buf, &bufsize,
sizeof(char**));
if (!to->h_addr_list) return PR_BAD_ADDRESS_ERROR;
/* Copy the addresses, one at a time */
for (na = 0, ap = from->h_addr_list; *ap != 0; na++, ap++)
{
if (*ap)
{
to->h_addr_list[na] = Alloc(to->h_length, &buf, &bufsize, 0);
if (!to->h_addr_list[na]) return PR_BAD_ADDRESS_ERROR;
memcpy(to->h_addr_list[na], *ap, to->h_length);
} else
{
to->h_addr_list[na] = 0;
}
}
to->h_addr_list[na] = 0;
return PR_AR_OK;
}
PRInt32 Resolver :: getNameLookups() const
{
return namelookups;
}
PRInt32 Resolver :: getAddrLookups() const
{
return addrlookups;
}
PRInt32 Resolver :: getCurrentLookups() const
{
return curlookups;
}
short GetShort(unsigned char* in)
{
char myarray[2];
myarray[0] = in[0];
myarray[1] = in[1];
return ntohs(*(short*)myarray);
}
long GetLong(unsigned char* in)
{
char myarray[4];
myarray[0] = in[0];
myarray[1] = in[1];
myarray[2] = in[2];
myarray[3] = in[3];
return ntohl(*(long*)myarray);
}
| {
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|
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import prerender from "../prerender";
import stats from "../../build/stats.json";
var publicPath = stats.publicPath;
var STYLE_URL;
var SCRIPT_URL_COMMON;
var SCRIPT_URL_APP = publicPath + [].concat(stats.assetsByChunkName.app)[0];
var SCRIPT_URL_ADMIN = publicPath + [].concat(stats.assetsByChunkName.admin)[0];
if (process.env.NODE_ENV === "production") {
var COMMON_CHUNK = stats.assetsByChunkName.commons;
STYLE_URL = (publicPath + "app.css?" + stats.hash);
SCRIPT_URL_COMMON = publicPath + "commons.js?" + stats.hash;
SCRIPT_URL_APP += "?" + stats.hash;
SCRIPT_URL_ADMIN += "?" + stats.hash;
}
exports.index = function *() {
try {
const { appString, DATA } = yield prerender(this);
this.body = yield this.render("index", {
isAuth: !!this.passport.user,
render: appString,
DATA: JSON.stringify(DATA),
version: stats.appVersion,
commit: stats.appCommit,
STYLE_URL: STYLE_URL,
SCRIPT_URL_COMMON: SCRIPT_URL_COMMON,
SCRIPT_URL_APP: SCRIPT_URL_APP,
});
} catch (error) {
if (error.redirect) {
return this.redirect(error.redirect);
}
throw error;
}
};
exports.admin = function *() {
this.body = yield this.render("admin", {
user: this.passport.user,
version: stats.appVersion,
commit: stats.appCommit,
STYLE_URL: STYLE_URL,
SCRIPT_URL_COMMON: SCRIPT_URL_COMMON,
SCRIPT_URL_ADMIN: SCRIPT_URL_ADMIN,
});
};
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
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The Yorkshire and Humber region covers Bradford, Barnsley, Doncaster, Grimsby, Huddersfield, Harrogate, Hull, Halifax, Lincoln, Leeds, Rotherham, Scunthorpe, Sheffield, Wakefield and York.
The CABE Yorkshire and Humber regional committee is made up from a small number of committee members that meet up four times per year to discuss future events, report back on past events and provide general updates from CABE HQ.
Our aim is to provide regional members with as many opportunities as possible to attend our events and to encourage non-members to come and talk to us about joining CABE. Our CPD seminars are usually held in Leeds and Scunthorpe; however, more recently we now have Hull firmly placed on the map with the help of a regional member actively coming forward helping the committee provide CPD seminars in that area.
One of our most successful events is our AGM in January which attracts a large number of delegates. If you have never attended any of the events, please make it a mission to at least attend one event within the next 12 months and come along and say hello. It's a very small world in the construction industry and you never know who you will bump into at one of our events.
Over the last 12 months we have been working closely with CIOB to provide joint CPD seminars and give you more opportunities to attend regional events at locations nearer to you. This is something we will be continuing to do for the foreseeable future. We hope to bring you more guest speakers who are experts in their field and not just to rely on product-based presentations.
We launched our first buildeng Yorkshire & Humber in 2017 which is our very own regional mini-conference. It was so successful that we repeated it in October 2018, and will be holding it again 9th October 2019.
As a region we would always welcome new committee members to bring new ideas and opportunities to other regional members. If you have some spare time and you feel you have something to contribute, we would welcome you to our meetings which are only four times per year for a couple of hours.
We are always looking for CABE members and other professionals you may know to provide seminars, training and to act as guest speakers. If you have, or you know somebody who has, the knowledge and the time to fill this gap please get in touch. This is something we would like to utilise and share amongst our fellow members. Alternatively, if you feel your town or city is under-represented and you would like the opportunity to provide an event we can provide all the help and support you need.
Please take the opportunity to attend at least one event in the next 12 months and get more involved within CABE because we need your support to help grow the region and maintain our profile within the construction industry. As the saying goes: 'you only get out what you put into it', and now is the time to make that change. | {
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A long-awaited information standard launched July 3 by NHS England that will improve healthcare for millions of people has been welcomed by the UK's largest hearing loss charity, Action on Hearing Loss (formerly RNID).
The standard requires all NHS and adult social care organisations to meet the communication needs of people with a disability, impairment or sensory loss by 31st July 2016, including the one in six people living with a hearing loss. It will include making sure patients get information in suitable formats and that, if needed, support from British Sign Language (BSL) interpreters is guaranteed.
Research conducted by the charity found that more than a quarter (28%) of patients with a hearing loss did not understand their diagnosis after visiting the GP, and that two in three BSL users did not get an interpreter, even if they had requested one.
"It is vital that everybody understands the information and advice they receive from their GP or hospital. The Accessible Information Standard is the first time the NHS has provided clear guidance on what people with hearing loss and deafness should expect from health and social care services, and what staff should provide. So long as it's properly implemented, it will enable patients to access services, to understand information they are given, to manage their own health and to participate fully in decisions about their treatment - things that many of us take for granted. While it can't be denied that these adjustments will come at a cost, it's now time for providers to acknowledge hearing loss for the serious health issue that it is, and to reap the benefits of enabling proper access."
The charity played a key role in the development of the standard, sitting on the advisory group for over two years alongside CHANGE, Sense, and the Royal National Institute of Blind people (RNIB).
Details of the NHS England accessible information standard can be viewed here.
Action on Hearing Loss. "NHS accessible information standard welcomed by hearing loss charity." Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 3 Jul. 2015. Web. | {
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Here is an additional level for the Modular Dungeon project. This time I draw a bigger one, a large central hall gives access to four 5Room dungeons. These are interconnected by secret passages and each has an output to a different level … You are free to modify the stairs to use it differently! This dungeon can be used with any RPG.
This dungeon can be used with any RPG. I remind you that you can find all compatible levels in the category Modular Dungeon. | {
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LED Stadium Lights are the perfect high efficiency lighting solution for any stadium application.
LED Stadium Lighting for outdoor sports facilities.
LED stadium lights are the perfect high efficiency lighting solution for any sport application. The high quality of light emitted from LED sports lighting fixtures allows for an improved fan experience and increased safety. In addition, LEDs offer tremendous energy savings, longer lifespans, and other benefits. Ready to ship today!
One of the latest trends that people attending stadiums and sports arenas are noticing are the new energy-efficient lighting systems that make the game look spectacular. But the switch from inefficient metal halide lamps to LED technology did not begin yesterday, it began way back in 2012 when a young LED company installed the first LED lighting system in New York's Onondaga County War Memorial Hockey Arena. Less than four years later, LED lights were used to illuminate Super Bowl XLIX at the University of Phoenix Stadium located in Glendale, Arizona.
The initial attraction to LED technology for stadium managers and owners was the estimated 75% savings on energy costs. However, the universal acceptance of the technology – which is used by almost a third of professional sports venues – became possible when team executives clearly saw that it had the ability to enhance the game experience for fans.
The Hard Rock Stadium spent more than $550 million on its LED conversion project. LED lights completely transformed the stadium and took the fan experience to a whole new level. According to Todd Brian, the senior vice president of stadium operations, LED technology is a cost-effective solution that has enhanced the event presentation for soccer, football, concerts, and the other world-class events that are held at the facility.
And while more and more stadiums are making the switch to LED technology, it has also become standard for all new stadiums to be constructed with LED lighting systems. The two newest stadiums that have been built by the NFL, the U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis and the Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, both feature LED lighting systems. They are also the host sites for super bowl LII and LIII. Fiserv Forum in Milwaukee, a multipurpose arena that is the new home of NBA's Milwaukee Bucks, has also been built with LED technology.
The controllability of LED lights greatly benefits these stadiums as it allows for entertaining light shows such as player introductions, half-time shows, and scoring celebrations. Back in 2015, Katy Perry extended her half-time show at Super BOWL XLIX beyond what was initially planned thanks to LED technology. This happened because the producers learned that LEDs could allow them to black out the arena and restore the light levels immediately.
Stadium lights are a very crucial part of any stadium and other outdoor sports venues. These spaces host a variety of events which include sports, flea markets, concerts, and outdoor games. Having bright stadium lights is an absolute necessity as they not only provide sufficient lighting for sportspersons and other people on the field, they also allow spectators and visitors to move in and out of the venue easily and safely.
When LED stadium lights are installed in a stadium that lacks a good source of illumination, they allow for more events to take place in the space. They increase the versatility and usefulness of an outdoor sports venue and provide a lot of value to the operators and owners of the venue.
Almost every American remembers the temporary power outage that made Super Bowl Sunday a blackout Sunday. The Baltimore Ravens were playing against the San Francisco 49ers in New Orleans when the Superdome experienced a blackout that lasted for 34 minutes. If the field had been illuminated by LEDs, the situation would have been very different.
The main problem was the type of light fixtures used. It is reported that after the blackout, power was restored almost immediately. However, the Superdome, like some other sports venues, uses metal halide lamps for illumination. Since these light sources take up to 30 minutes to warm up, the game could not resume until the light fixtures had attained full brightness.
A metal halide lamp is a type of high intensity discharge light that produces bright light (in blue and white spectrums). Since the 1960s, metal halides have been used in a number of applications – from sports fields to retail stores. Their ability to produce bright, white light, their relatively long lifespan, and their high luminous efficacy made them the go-to lighting choice for years.
A metal halide lamp produces light when an electric arc goes through a mixture of gases, causing light to be generated. It normally contains a blend of gases like mercury, argon, or xenon and different metal halides. Metal halides are usually formed when halogen is combined with a metal. In metal halide lamps, the metals are usually mixed with bromine or iodine. The specific type of metal halide used helps dictate the color temperature of the light.
However, metal halides have more downsides than upsides. Let's look at 6.
Long warm up time: When you switch on a metal halide lamp, it will take some time to warm up before it achieves full brightness. This can take anywhere between 15 to 30 minutes.
Long cool down time: If the power to the lamp is disconnected for some reason, it will automatically switch off and take 5 to 10 minutes to restart again.
Color shifting: This is one of the biggest downsides of metal halide lamps. As the lamps start to age, the color of the light they produce changes, it is no longer uniform.
Arc tube rupture: Metal halides usually contain arc tubes that deteriorate as the lights get to the end of their lives. The arc tubes begin to discolor or produce more heat than they should and may rupture because of this, causing the outer glass bulb to rupture as well.
They contain mercury: As we previously mentioned, metal halide lamps usually contain a small amount of mercury and are not good for the environment. And because mercury is toxic, the disposal process for the lamps is very intricate. The United States Environmental Protection Agency gives detailed information on how mercury-containing light bulbs should be recycled.
UV radiation: When a metal halide lamp is switched on, it generates ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Extreme exposure to UV radiation may cause premature aging of the skin and raise the risk of cataracts and skin cancers.
LEDs have a myriad of benefits other lighting technologies do not have. They are highly energy-efficient and lower energy expenditure by 75%. They maintain almost all of their brightness for their entire lifetime. They do not buzz or flicker like traditional lighting technologies, and they lower light maintenance costs because of their long lifespan. In addition, LEDs do not contain harmful components hence their disposal process is not complex.
LED lights have a very high color rendering index (80 and above) which means they bring out the true colors of objects very well. They are also available in a variety of color temperatures to fit different applications. Because LEDs consume very little electricity, they can be powered by solar and decrease demand on the power grid.
If we were to use sports terms to describe the energy-efficiency of LEDs, we would say that they are a slam dunk. This is because they generate more light while consuming less electricity. But perhaps the major reason why LED stadium lights have gotten so popular in a very short time is because of the savings they offer teams, clubs, and owners of sports venues.
Metal halides have a life expectancy of 15,000 hours while LEDs have a rated life of 50,000 hours. Higher-quality LEDs have an average lifespan of 100,000 hours. Since LEDs last three times longer than metal halide lamps, they are perfect for use in stadiums. They are also very well-built and require very little maintenance during their lifetimes.
At the University of Phoenix Stadium, about 780 metal halides were replaced with 312 LED stadium lights. The amazing thing is that the energy usage was reduced by 900 kilowatts. What's more, the amount of light hitting the field was doubled despite the number of fixtures being reduced by more than half.
LED lights can reduce energy consumption by as much as 90% if they are used together with lighting controls that ensure stadium lights are on only when they need to be on. And if the lights are not used continuously every day of the week, their life expectancy goes up.
When it comes to environmental issues, there are numerous concerns – such as air pollution and global warming. Traditional light sources only contribute to these issues. They convert 95% of the electricity they pull into heat (not light) and most contain dangerous components such as mercury.
As we earlier said, metal halide lamps produce UV radiation which can be very harmful to humans. They also contain mercury. Spectators are exposed to these harmful components as they sit for long hours watching a game. Players are also affected as they practice, play, or compete.
LEDs do not produce any UV radiation and don't contain any hazardous components. They only convert 5% of the electricity they draw into heat, which means they don't produce excessive heat. The light fixtures contain heat sinks that absorb and dissipate excessive heat into the environment. They have the ability to withstand extreme temperatures, shock, vibration, and all types of weather conditions and are perfect for outdoor sports arenas.
If you are a sports fan who is used to great stadium lighting, it can be very easy to take the lighting for granted. However, good stadium lighting comprises a sophisticated control system and swift communication. Pairing LED technology with advanced lighting controls boosts energy-efficiency and lowers operating costs.
While it is important to have all the lights switched on when the game is in progress, not all of them have to operate at full level during timeouts, warm ups, or cleanup. Just by flipping a single switch, the light output can be lowered by 50% as the crowd leaves after the game. Lighting controls help LEDs to save even more energy than they would on their own.
Nowhere is the usefulness of lighting controls seen as in multisport venues. Most sports venues that use advanced LED lighting systems adjust the lights' color temperature with the push of a button. Lighting controls can create the perfect look and feel for sporting events.
For example, in a multisport venue, warmer light (around 4200K) can be used for NBA games while cooler light (around 5600K) can be used for hockey games. When the venue is used for graduation ceremonies, much warmer light (3500K-4000K) may be used. It's all about creating the right atmosphere.
Metal halide lights may provide sufficient lighting to stadiums and sports arenas, but they were never built with today's TV broadcasts in mind. The thing is, a camera does not see light the way a human eye sees it. Modern cameras pick up some spectrums of blue, green, and red and mix these colors to create digital broadcasting.
Lighting that works perfectly for fans who are in the stands will not work for fans who are watching the game from home. Ultra-high definition (HD) which is the home version of 4K cinema, was recently introduced. But most sports venues can't broadcast in ultra HD, even if their current lighting is supplemented. The lighting systems used in these venues cannot work with 4K or 8K broadcasts, which is where TV broadcasting is at the moment. This is another reason why stadiums and sports arenas must embrace LED technology.
Another big advantage of LEDs is that they don't flicker. This means that they won't affect slow motion replays with a distracting, flashing effect. LED lighting that is built for broadcasting is what humans have been waiting for.
LED lights not only improve the game for the spectators, they also improve it for the players. When LED lights were installed at a race track in America, the drivers started saying that the light was uniform and that glare had been significantly reduced. Precise pole and fixture placement and advanced lenses ensure that drivers have the best visibility as they drive around the racetrack.
When LED lights are installed in a hockey rink or a baseball field, they provide uniform light which helps the players to see the speed of the hockey puck or the baseball. If metal halide lights are used in these spaces, they create bright spots and dark spots. As the ball travels through a shadow created by a dark spot, it appears to be slowing down or speeding. This is a big disadvantage to a player who only has a second to determine the position of the ball before making their next move.
Because sporting activities vary, their lighting requirements also vary. Games like cricket which involve quick action and have a small playing object and a long viewing distance need high light levels. But games like football and basketball which involve slower action and have a big playing object and a close viewing distance need lower light levels.
The Illuminating Engineering Society gives lighting specifications for different sports and recreational areas. There are also other guides that recommend luminance levels for different sports. Lighting recommendations for different sports are usually grouped into classes of play.
The glare rating for all light fixtures used in top level competitions must be 50. Fixtures used in intermediate level competitions must also have a glare rating of 50, except those used in athletics which should have a rating of 55. For lower level competitions, the lights must have a glare rating of 55, except those used in bowls (lawn bowls) which should have a glare rating of 50.
Flood lights are the light fixtures that are commonly used in stadiums and sports arenas. These 8 tips ensure you buy the best LED option.
High-quality LED chips deliver high brightness, luminous efficacy, and color temperature. Top brands in the LED industry – like MEANWELL, Cree, and Bridgelux – create their LED chips using the most advanced technology such as COB and SMD. The malfunction rate of these chips is very low. It is recommended that you get LED stadium lights with high-quality LED chips as they will last longer.
Luminous efficacy is the major indicator of the performance of a LED bulb. It is calculated as the lumens generated for a single watt of electricity pulled. Luminous efficacy accurately measures how well a bulb produces visible light, which is usually measured in lumens. Thanks to advancements in LED technology, the current luminous efficacy standard is 100 lumens per watt. However, most high-quality LEDs have a higher luminous efficacy than this.
The beam angle usually dictates how the light will be distributed. If the beam angle is wide and the light uniformity is very high, the brightness on the ground will be very low. On the contrary, if the beam angle is very narrow, the light uniformity is low and many spots are created on the ground despite the brightness of the light.
The lights you choose should have the right beam angles in order to balance light uniformity with brightness. Our lighting engineers can carry out a photometric analysis to help you choose lights with the right beam angles.
The longevity and efficiency of light fixtures is usually dependent on where you install them. Since stadium lights are installed outdoors, they are affected by operational conditions such as water and humidity which can damage them. This is why they must be specially designed for wet locations.
A wet location is any place where water or any form of moisture can flow, drip, or splash on the light fixtures and affect their electrical components. The light fixtures must be UL Listed for Wet Locations. They should have an IP rating of 66. IP66 rated light fixtures work well under the harsh weather conditions that usually affect stadiums and outdoor sports fields.
Heat sinks prevent LED lights from getting damaged because of overheating. Good ones are usually made of pure aluminum which has the best heat conducting rate (238W/mk). The higher the value of the aluminum, the higher its conductivity rate. A good heat dissipation system should provide sufficient air ventilation passage in the lamp's interior.
There should be space between each single row of LED chips and the structure should be hollow to reduce air resistance. This helps transfer heat from the lamp to the surrounding area. The heat dissipation section should also be large and dense. Aluminum fins can be used to quicken the cooling process.
The color rendering index indicates how well colors will be revealed under a certain light source. It defines how a bulb makes an object appear to human eyes. The higher the color rendering index, the better a bulb's color rendering ability. When it comes to sports lighting, a color rendering index of 80 is required. In sports like basketball, a CRI of 90 and above is preferred.
Most organizations usually specify the minimum allowable color temperature (correlated color temperature) for sports field lighting. For instance, FIFA and FIH require their lights to have a CCT of 4000K and above, the NCAA needs lights with a CCT of 3600K and above, while the NFL uses lights with a color temperature of 5600K and above.
While our eyes adapt very well to light sources with different color temperatures, television and digital cameras do not. They must be adjusted in order to display the colors humans expect to see. This is why it is so important for LED lights in a sports venue to have the proper correlated color temperature. If they don't, television cameras will display irritating color shifts as they move across the field.
While the glare rate is seldom mentioned, it is very essential in sports lighting. Too much glare may lead to visual discomfort and cause people to squint as they watch or play a game. It may also impair the vision of details and objects. For example, players may be unable to see fast-moving balls. Glare also reduces the brightness of the light in some areas. Our flood lights have advanced lenses that focus the light beam where it is needed and decrease light leakage by 50%.
Illuminating stadiums and sports arenas is both an art and a science and will only get better with time. When we install lights in these spaces, we ensure that every player has several light fixtures directed at them. If they are captured on camera, spectators can see their faces and distinguish their facial expressions. And because of this, they feel closer to the game. This is an art.
We have also built global positioning systems and accelerometers into our lights to make sure that each one is positioned just as it should be. This is a science.
LED is truly the future of stadium lighting and very soon, all major sporting activities will be played under LED lighting. Countries in different parts of the world are building stadiums illuminated by LEDs as they show their support for green initiatives and other efforts of saving the world.
Retrofitting with LEDs is a cost-efficient alternative for existing sports venues. Most stadiums can expect to recoup their investment in less than 3 years. When you consider the benefits LEDs offer players, fans, and stadiums – and also look at the energy savings – you understand why switching to LED is really a no-brainer.
MyLEDLightingGuide has a complete range of LED Stadium Lights for use in a wide range of applications - Sports Parks, Ball Parks, Stadiums, Container Ports, Airports, Highways and DOT roadways or Track and Field Facilities that make for a compelling economic choice.
* Assuming 100 lights used for an average of 12 hours per day and electricity charges of $ 0.10 per kWh.
While the energy savings are significant, the maintenance and replacement hassles pack a real punch. MyLEDLightingGuide LED Stadium Lights and HID retrofits last an unbelievable 50,000 + hours. This long life is made possible by a combination of high quality LED, LED smart driver, and an efficient cooling solution that limits the temperature of the LED to ensure a long hassle free service life.
1. How much do the fixtures cost?
3. The amount of rebate you can expect back.
4. The cost of electricity, the hours of use and the difference in the previous energy used compared to the new energy consumed.
Paybacks have gotten relatively short. | {
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The biggest challenge was dealing with observation data sets collection. At the same time modelling calculations and respective hydrological calculations appeared to be quite time consuming. We would suggest for other similar projects to secure enough time for data preparation and subsequent calculations. Also attention should be paid to existing data formats especially in a case of developing databases.
The hydrographical data collections during the river surveys should be better prepared by the partner countries to avoid situation such as we met in August 2008 when sonar survey of the bathymetry at Mogilev Podolsky was not permitted for the project team by the border guards only in Ukrainian waters. | {
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Post your timeshare at The Westin Kaanapali Ocean Resort Villas for rent or sale in less than five minutes!
Stayed at The Westin Kaanapali Ocean Resort Villas recently? Let us know of resort details we should update.
Own a timeshare at The Westin Kaanapali Ocean Resort Villas? | {
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The goal of this project is to investigate fundamental molecular principles for the breeding of plants resistant to abiotic (e.g. heat, drought, etc.) and biotic (living organisms) stress.
Plants adapt to environmental conditions in various ways. The project at hand builds on relevant knowledge gained in diverse areas. Integrative processes going on when plants are simultaneously exposed to multiple stress factors are to be studied. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
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Q: Make Target _Blank With This Attacment PHP this php below will print like this http://example.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/imagename.jpg with anchor text 'DOWNLOAD'
<?php
if ( $attachments = get_children( array(
'post_type' => 'attachment',
'post_mime_type'=>'image',
'numberposts' => 1,
'post_status' => null,
'post_parent' => $post->ID
)));
foreach ($attachments as $attachment) {
echo wp_get_attachment_link( $attachment->ID, '' , false, true, 'Download');
}
?>
1.when user clicking this link, how to target in _blank or open in new tab.
2.is possible this short code combine with Javascript to make Force download link? look like bellow.
if ( $attachments = get_posts( array(
'post_type' => 'attachment',
'post_mime_type'=>'image',
'numberposts' => -1,
'post_status' => 'any',
'post_parent' => $post->ID,
) ) );
foreach ( $attachments as $attachment ) {
echo '<a href="javascript:void(0);"
onclick="document.execCommand(\'SaveAs\', true, \'' . get_permalink( $attachment->ID ) . '\');">
Download This Wallpaper</a>';
}
A: This is what I meant below in my response.
array(
'post_type' => 'attachment',
'post_mime_type'=>'image',
'numberposts' => 1,
'post_status' => null,
'post_parent' => $post->ID ,
'target' => 'target="_blank"';
)
See if it works this way.
A: amek teh chages and try this
foreach ( $attachments as $attachment ) {
echo '<a href="javascript:void(0);"
onclick="document.execCommand(\'SaveAs\', true, \'' . get_permalink( $attachment->ID ) . '\');" target="blank">
Download This Wallpaper</a>';
}
hope this will helpt you
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
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Wrapped Up helps you remember important occasions and gift ideas for the special people in your life.
We welcome your feedback about Wrapped Up. We will try, but cannot promise, to reply to each response.
Let us know your email if you'd like a response.
What I liked / What I didn't like / There's a bug!
If you're reporting a bug, please tell us about your device.
The condensed legalese. By sending us your feedback you agree that your submissions will automatically become the property of MicoApps, without any compensation to you and that MicoApps may use or redistribute your submissions for any purpose and in any way. Additionally, MicoApps is under no obligation to view or respond to your submission and there is no obligation to keep submissions confidential. Thank you!
Thanks for trying Wrapped Up by MicoApps! | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} | 9,853 | [
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Q: Keeping the main form tidy - conventions This is not a question about coding per se but about good practice in code structure. I'm currently building a WinForms application and already after a few hours in, my main form contains 130 lines of code. That might not be much but this only includes event handling - since I tried to avoid this exact situation by having seperate class files for basically everything ... but right now all the controls and events just make my main code pretty hard to read.
Now this is a topic I could find surprisingly little on and I do have some ideas on how to tackle this, like creating custom controls and splitting up the form into big portions. Is there a sort of best practice for this? How do you keep your main form clean when 80% of user interaction takes place here? Also is there a basic guideline on how to structure a project (not code) you can recommend?
(Hope this qualifies as a valid question)
Thanks!
EDIT: I decided to add in the code. See anything redundand?
public partial class MainForm : Form
{
string currentFilter = "all";
public MainForm()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void MainForm_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
RefreshGenres();
RefreshMovies(currentFilter);
}
private void addToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
var fAdd = new AddNewForm();
fAdd.SetDesktopLocation(MousePosition.X, MousePosition.Y);
fAdd.ShowDialog();
}
private void refreshToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
RefreshGenres();
RefreshMovies(currentFilter);
}
private void addCategoryToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
tvCategories.Nodes.Add(new TreeNode("category"));
tvCategories.Nodes[tvCategories.Nodes.Count - 1].BeginEdit();
}
private void tvCategories_AfterLabelEdit(object sender, NodeLabelEditEventArgs e)
{
var genre = e.Label;
var writer = new Writer();
writer.AddGenre(e.Label);
}
private void everythingToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
EraseData("all");
}
private void clearGenres_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
EraseData("genres");
}
private void clearMovies_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
EraseData("movies");
}
private void EraseData(string eraseThis)
{
DialogResult r = MessageBox.Show("Are you sure?\nLost data can NOT be retrieved.", "Clear Data", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Warning);
var cmdText = "";
if (r == DialogResult.Yes)
{
switch (eraseThis)
{
case "all":
cmdText = "TRUNCATE TABLE MOVIES GENRES";
break;
case "movies":
cmdText = "TRUNCATE TABLE MOVIES";
break;
case "genres":
cmdText = "TRUNCATE TABLE GENRES";
break;
}
conn.Open();
using (var cmd = conn.CreateCommand())
{
cmd.CommandText = cmdText;
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
conn.Close();
}
}
private void RefreshGenres()
{
tvCategories.Nodes.Clear();
var reader = new Reader();
var genres = reader.GetGenreList();
foreach (string str in genres)
{
tvCategories.Nodes.Add(str);
}
}
private void RefreshMovies(string filter)
{
lvMovies.Items.Clear();
var reader = new Reader();
var movies = reader.GetMovieList(filter);
foreach (ListViewItem item in movies)
{
lvMovies.Items.Add(item);
}
reader.conn.Close();
}
private void tvCategories_NodeMouseClick(object sender, TreeNodeMouseClickEventArgs e)
{
currentFilter = e.Node.Text;
RefreshMovies(currentFilter);
}
}
A: I think that the problem here is not the length of your code, but the fact that you are mixing up many different things and that you are not dealing with your events in a consistent way.
These are the main things that I would change:
EraseData: this method opens and uses a DB connection, and this is something that you usually should avoid (changing something in the DB would cause you to modify the UI code), your WinForm code should not know where the data it is exposing come from. Here you'd be better adding an EraseData to your Writer class.
RefreshMovies: it is quite different from RefreshGenres, even if both of these methods do essentially the same thing: they are getting lists of data which are added to some UI controls. RefreshGenres seems ok, but looking at RefreshMovies you immediately see that you are closing a connection that was not opened in this method. Probably you opened it in the Reader class, but that's the place where you should have closed it, too. In fact, it'd be better for conn to be private (remember, UI doesn't have to know whether data come from a DB, a text file, or a user input). Furthermore GetGenreList of Reader returns a list of strings, which is ok, but GetMovieList returns a list of ListViewItem, which is not good because this is something strongly related to your specific implementation of UI. This means that your implementation of Reader could not be used in a WPF or web application. the ListViewItems should be created in RefreshMovies using plain data got from the Reader.
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Want to host a party at home but don't want to compromise on the entertainment?
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With a wide range of music for all ages and the experience to know what to play and when, everyone will have great time!
With modern high-performance sound systems from the likes of Bose, delivering crystal-clear room filling audio and thumping bass, coupled with a range of quality professional lighting effects, Oxfordshire Mobile Discos can turn even the smallest venue into a mini nightclub! Playing all your favourite tunes and musical styles, our DJ carries an impressive catalogue of popular music to suit all, and of course we accept playlists in advance and requests on the night!
Thinking of hiring a marquee or party tent to give you a little more space for your house party? Talk to Oxfordshire Mobile Discos about your plans and we can help with advice regarding the entertainment, power requirements and so forth. We'll happily work with other suppliers - marquee hire companies, caterers, mobile bars, bands and singers - to give you a stress-free party. We are completely flexible with regards to all aspects of your celebration!
No matter the ages or musical preferences of your guests, you can trust Oxfordshire Mobile Discos to choose the perfect soundtrack. We'll discuss your favourites (and dislikes) in advance of the evening and if you wish to incorporate a theme we'll help you achieve that. Based on your aspirations for the event and the opportunities / limitations afforded by your choice of venue, we'll bring along the perfect sound and lighting system to ensure that we can exceed your expectations. | {
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|
They Still Got It
Thread starter nfd2004
nfd2004 said:
81 year old Tom Jones in a Mini Home Concert, June, 2021
www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Qfw6pon9tA
True performer....like Don Rickles doing standup shows in Vegas in his 90s.
nfd2004
77 year old Gladys Knight performed during this Fourth of July (2021) celebrations.
She will also be performing live in Englewood, NJ at the Bergen Performing Arts Center on November 7th (2021) @ 7 pm. Tickets are now on sale.
Here is one of her biggest hits that she sang on this Fourth of July, 2021.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=LJrUh6ssqdw
TRAC@1854
Neil Diamond (80) still performing Sweet Caroline at Red Sox games. Tom Jones(81) and Tony Bennet(94) are also still performing
Reactions: nfd2004
85 year old Engelbert Humperdink is planning on doing a live youtube exclusive Wednesday, September 29th at 4 pm EST.
So mark your calendar and tune in.
"Live at home with Engelbert Humperdink * YouTube Exclusive Concert * September 29th 4 pm EST"
Here is the link;
www.youtube.com/watch?v=E2busEf_d8o
Anybody who missed the show, click on the youtube link above.
After seeing the show, I'm sure you'll agree; "YES, he still got it".
JohnnyGage
^^^^Yes he does! Thanks for sharing Willy!
Yes indeed - "THEY STILL GOT IT".
For this now 87 year old guy it started way back in 1962 and it followed with hit after hit.
This is from a recent live show he did in August, 2021.
Do you remember these ?
www.youtube.com/watch?v=j10t0LrvA3Q
He recently celebrated his 79th Birthday on October 17th, appearing live as he sang one of his most famous hits.
Do you remember this one by Gary Puckett ?
www.youtube.com/watch?v=xcMz6skcIeE
CFDMarshal
He could be arrested for those lyrics! Love that song!
Well, this guy's "Still Got It" - that's for sure.
Here he is once again at 85 years old - still performing live in October, 2021
www.youtube.com/watch?v=cgypJjP18HU
How about one more.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=MruoZPocXsA
This famous singer is now 80 years old.
Yet as you will see, "He's Still Got It".
Some of the songs he is famous for are: "Puppy Love", "Lonely Boy", "Having My Baby", and "You Are My Destiny"
But back in 1957 when he was only 15 years old, "this was his first big hit" as he sang it to a live audience earlier this month in November, 2021.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=JjeDZoNlMXs
JohnnyGage said:
Mr Gage, this one's for You, and ALL the other members here, who would like to tune in along with their ladies on Valentines Day, Monday, February 14th.
85 year old, Engelbert Humperdink, would like to invite All of You to his Special Valentines Day Celebration on You Tube starting at 2 PM PST, or 5 PM EST, to enjoy some of his music and songs.
I'd like to pass this onto our members here and hopefully you can join in as well.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=fjwrf90ey34
memorymaster
And you'll really be watching George Arnold Dorsey. Yep, that's is real name.
memorymaster said:
Enge, as his friends call him, was renamed Engelbert after a German composer from around Willy's time and was the first with the side burns, soon to be followed by Elvis.
Reactions: mack, raybrag and nfd2004
raybrag
Gee, Dan . . . I had no idea that composer was that old!
As some of you might know who were looking forward to that Valentines Day Special with Engelbert Humperdink, the show was cancelled as I understand it due to a tragedy in Engelbert's family
Take a few moments to escape from all of the chaos, woes and uncertainties that we are facing daily in this tumultuous world and listen to The Statler Brothers song "Do You Remember These" I would place the link on here but my computer skills are next none. Have a good day my friends!
Maybe some of you remember this one as Ray Stevens, joins 78 year old Tony Orlando, singing this one.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=gpiVztZMUAI | {
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Yacht & Beach Club Resorts Lighthouse with Disney's Boardwalk in the background. The lighthouse is a dock for Friendship boat transportation to Epcot and Disney's Hollywood Studios parks. "Friendship II" can be seen making the turn for the Boardwalk dock. | {
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To encourage a child's accuracy and coordination, our Duplo Board makes a great addition to your underutilised walls. It encourages children to copy number shapes as they build, thus also enhancing their numeracy skills. Please note that the building blocks are not included. | {
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Catholic News Service ROME — I briefly met David Rider two years ago in New York City while on retreat at the archdiocesan seminary. I was surprised to run into him on the streets of Rome last spring. He was wearing clerics and I gave him one of those "don't-I-know-you-from-somewhere" finger wags. Since then, we've run into each other often, he going to and from class at the Pontifical Gregorian University and I all about the city with my camera, on the job. I'm a lover of the old Fred Astaire movies and all the great show tunes of his day, so when I discovered that Rider had left theater to give his life to the priesthood, I asked him to talk about all that jazz on camera. I hope the video I've produced pays homage to both the quintessential American art form and to Rider's vocation story.
Robert Duncan is a multimedia journalist in the Catholic News Service Rome bureau.
Who would want to be a priest? | {
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#Valletta2018, Wednesday Talks
The French Revolution and the Loss of Malta
Posted Wednesday 18th July
In our collection we hold a letter sent by a member of the French Order of St John in the year 1789. Whilst the majority of the letter is concerned with the death of the Commander of Golfech, there are a number of references to the troubling political climate of France. At one point the writer refers to 'the storm' 'breaking over our horizon'. He expresses his fear 'that the Order is, at the moment, to lose all that it possesses in France, of rights and goods'.
The writer's worst fears were realized. The French Revolution had a huge impact upon the Order of St John, not just in France, but internationally.
Complex and fraught, there is little about The French Revolution that is not contested. The end date is disputed, its success is disputed. Significantly, the ideology of the Revolution, and the political climate, evolved over time. The King convened the French Parliament, the Estates General in 1789 in an attempt to prevent national bankruptcy in part caused by overspending on the American War of Independence. The grievances expressed in the lead up to this meeting were diverse and ample. However, they were moderate compared to those that would be expressed in coming years. They did not demand the formation of a Republic, international war or mass execution.
However, there are two core issues that can be traced throughout the Revolution: the impending threat of national bankruptcy, and a hatred of the 'ancien regime system' of privilege. Subsequent attempts to deal with these two issues would prove disastrous for the Church, including the Order of St John because they were seen as contributors to these problems.
Prior to the Revolution, Roman Catholicism was at the center of French life. Protestants and Jews were denied full membership of the French state. Although the extent to which religion was practiced is debated, the Church was certainly a powerful institution. In part, this was to do with its wealth. The Church had an immense combined revenue. It owned around 6% of the land in France and collected 1/10 of all agricultural production through a tax known as the Tithe. The Church also exerted soft influence, running many schools and hospitals.
Yet, it was not without criticism. Despite being a major tax collection, the Church was exempt from tax. This caused great popular resentment, especially because the population faced rising taxes to salvage the nation's finances. This opinion was vocalized in a document entitled 'statements of grievances' published May 1789 as the Estates General prepared to gather for the first time since 1614.
The Order of St John was thriving in France on the eve of the Revolution. There were 3 tongues within the 1789 boarders of France with 6 priories. In 1776, they had acquired the 40 commandries of a disbanded Order of St Anthony, increasing the amount of land it possessed. However, in French society, the Order embodied noble and ecclesiastical privilege meaning it represented all that the revolutionaries despised. The kings of France were attracted by the Order's wealth and thus from 1719 onwards, the Prior of France was given to members of the royal family. Napoleon would later dismiss it as an institution that supported the idleness of noble younger sons. In the context of these issues, our writer was certainly right to be cautious.
When considering the link between the Revolution and the loss of Malta, it is important to note that the stability of the Head Quarters of Order in Malta was intimately connected with that of the Order in France. French property made up around 3/5 of its income. The majority of the knights on Malta were French. Even the Grand Master in 1789 was Frenchman Emmanuel de Rohan, a personal friend of King Louis XVI. Political unrest in France thus had great potential to upset the Maltese establishment.
Soon the 'storm' broke and a chain of laws and events were set in motion on 4th August 1789 when feudal privilege was abolished. Clergy gave up the Tithe and the state took over the funding of the Church. A few weeks later, The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen ended the special place of the Church in French society. Thus, the Church and the Order lost its political influence and special status. On 2nd November 1789, all Church property was placed at the disposition of the nation to raise funds however it was not until late 1792 that the Order relinquished all of its land. This proved a major blow for the finances of the Order given that French property was valued at 112 million livres. Prior to his execution, Louis XVI would be locked in The Temple, a tower in Paris the Order had owned since the dissolution of the Templars.
By the end of April 1792, the French revolutionary wars began, initially as a defensive measure. These wars would lead to the French occupation of parts of Italy and Germany and thus the spread of revolutionary ideology. In consequence, the Order lost even more land.
In turn, these events heavily impacted Malta. To try and combat the loss of revenue, the Order sold some of its silver, yet they continued to subsidize corn to help feed the Maltese poor, creating a debt of 1.5 million scudi. Beyond draining the Order's finances, the Revolution created tensions on Malta. Once the intentions of the revolution became clear, Malta received many of the escaping emigres. The French knights on the island, were increasingly discriminated against, being excluded from official banquets, a move which caused tensions. In July 1791, the knights were stripped of their French citizenship. Some knights became sympathetic with the revolution as propaganda disseminated across the island.
By the time de Rohan died in 1797, the situation in France was far more stable. The Terror had ended in 1794 and support for conservative ideas was on the rise. However, the French Revolutionary Wars had intensified and spread across Europe. The election of the new Grand Master Ferdinand von Hompesch coincided with the meteoric rise of a young French General named Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon was keen to increase influence in the Mediterranean. Malta strategic location proved tantalizing for him.
Historians are divided over whether Malta was prepared to face a French invasion. On the eve of the attack there were 200 knights on the island and 7000 soldiers. However, the Order financially weakened by the loss of land and national allegiances presented an issue. Allegedly Von Hompesch knew of Napoleon's intentions yet preparations were only made when the first French frigates appeared. An appeal for help sent to Admiral Nelson arrived a week too late.
The French attack on Malta began on the 7th June 1798, Napoleon's fleet of 5-600 vessels carrying 29,000 men asked to enter the harbor at Valletta. Von Hompesch refused entry on the basis of Malta's neutrality, leading Napoleon to declare Valetta an enemy city.
After a brief bombardment and several significant Maltese defections, Von Hompesch sent wrote to Napoleon on 11th June requesting a cease-fire. We hold this letter in our collection. The cease-fire would not last and the Order surrendered the following day. Bonaparte came ashore was able to walk into Valletta victorious.
The Order left the island a week later, heading to Trieste where they were granted asylum. They were permitted to take their most treasured relics with them, The Fragment of the True Cross, the sacred Icon of Our Lady of Philermo and the right hand of St John the Baptist. Von Hompesch retired to Montpellier and abdicated in 1799, dying in poverty in 1805. For a moment in 1802, the Peace of Amiens between Britain and France proposed returning the island to the Order. However, this peace was broken and in 1815 the Congress of Vienna gave the island to Britain, ending hopes that the Order might return there.
Much of the Order's treasure was stolen. The silver altar rails of St John's Cathedral were spared because someone cleverly them painted black. The treasures were to be lost soon after when Napoleon's flagship L'Orient was sunk by admiral Nelson at the battle of the Nile. After the Maltese revolted in September against the French there was an acute lack of coinage. Remaining gold and silver was melted down to create siege ingots which were used as currency. There are only seven silver ingots still in existence, two of which are in our collection.
Evidently, the writer of our letter was right to be cautious. The French Revolution proved disastrous for the Order of St John in Malta. Ideologically, it undermined the Order, abandoning Catholicism and eliminating the privilege upon which it had thrived. The loss of land in France and beyond significantly weakened the Order, stripping it of valuable income. The French Revolutionary wars led to the loss of their Mediterranean base, bringing the Order's prominent status in the Mediterranean to an end.
However, inadvertently, the French Revolution helped contribute to the reinstitution of the Order in Britain. The Romantic movement reacted against the ideology of revolutionary France. It rejected rationality, celebrated emotion and, among other things, promoted a love of all things medieval. The individuals who re-founded the Order of St John in England during the 1820s can certainly be described as romantics. They used to sail down the river on boats bearing St John flags and dress up as knights, reveling in the medieval heritage of the Order.
In the century following loss of Malta, the Order of St John shifted its outlook away from the privileged lifestyle the Revolutionaries had so despised, towards adopting the humanitarian approach that it is famous for today. The ramifications of this monumental European event on the Order of St John were certainly profound.
Attard, Joseph, The Knights of Malta, Book Distributors Ltd (2013, Malta).
Betros, Gemma, 'The French Revolution and the Catholic Church', History Review, Issue 68, December 2010.
Doyle, William, The Oxford History of the French Revolution, Oxford University Press (1990).
McHugh, Rosita, The Knights of Malta; 900 Years of Care, Irish Association of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes, and of Malta (1996).
Sire, F.J.A, The Knights of Malta, Yale University Press; New edition (1996).
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