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\section{Introduction}
In this article, $p$ is always a prime number, given two non-empty subsets $A$ and $B$ of $\mathbb{F}_p$, we denote their sumset $A+B=\{a+b\mid a\in A,\ b\in B\}$.
The first addition theorem in $\mathbb{F}_p$ is the Cauchy-Davenport theorem.
\begin{theo}[Cauchy-Davenport \cite{Ca,Da1,Da2}]
Let $A$ and $B$ be two non empty subsets of $\mathbb{F}_p$, then:
\[|A+B|\geqslant\min\left\{p,|A|+|B|-1\right\}.\]
\end{theo}
In the seminal article \cite{Al}, Alon described the Combinatorial Nullstellensatz and the polynomial method that relies on it (described in section $\ref{PM}$). The method allows to prove that a combinatorial problem has a solution or a contradiction, just by computing a certain coefficient in a polynomial. The combinatorial problem is reduced to a computation problem. The Cauchy-Davenport is one of the first example developed in this article. The binomial theorem is the key point that allows to prove that the proper coefficient is non zero.
Surprisingly a slight variation of the definition of the sumset has revealed itself much more difficult to tackle. For two subsets $A$ and $B$ of $\mathbb{F}_p$, we define their restricted sumset: $A\dot{+}B=\{a+b\mid a\in A,\ b\in B,\ a\neq b\}$. In $1964$, Erd\H os and Heilbronn made the following famous conjecture:
\begin{conj}[Erd\H os-Heilbronn] Let $A\subset\mathbb{F}_p$, then:
\[|A\dot{+}A|\geqslant\min\left\{p,2|A|-3\right\}.\]
\end{conj}
The first proof follows from the following generalization in $1994$ by Dias da Silva and Hamidoune, introducing the $h$-fold restricted sumset:
\begin{defi} Let $A\subset \mathbb{F}_p$ and $h\in[0,|A|]$, we denote $h^\wedge A$ the set of subsums of $h$ pairwise distinct elements of $A$:
\[h^\wedge A=\{a_1+\dots+a_h\mid a_i\in A,\ a_i\neq a_j\}.\]
\end{defi}
\begin{theo}[Dias da Silva, Hamidoune \cite{DH}] Let $A\subset \mathbb{F}_p$. For a natural integer $h\in[0,|A|]$,
\[|h^\wedge A|\geqslant\min\{p,h(|A|-h)+1\}.\]
\end{theo}
Their proof relies on exterior algebras. A second proof of this result was given the following year by Alon, Nathanson and Rusza. They applied the Combinatorial Nullstellensatz \cite{ANR1,ANR2}. To prove that the proper coefficient is non zero, they consider another combinatorial interpretation of it through strict ballot number.
Following this method, the author could prove a further statement considering the set of all subsums.
\begin{defi} Let $A\subset \mathbb{F}_p$, we denote its set of subsums by:
\begin{align*}
\Sigma(A)\ & =\left\{\sum_{x\in I}x\mid\emptyset\subset I\subset A\right\}=\bigcup_{h=0}^{|A|}(h^\wedge A)\\
\intertext{and we also denote its set of non-trivial subsums by:}
\Sigma^*(A) & =\left\{\sum_{x\in I}x\mid\emptyset\subsetneq I\subset A\right\}=\bigcup_{h=1}^{|A|}(h^\wedge A).
\end{align*}
\end{defi}
For the following result the computation of the coefficient relied on determinants of binomial coefficients: binomial determinants considered in the work of Gessel and Viennot.
\begin{theo}[Balandraud \cite{EB}]\label{EB} Let $A\subset\mathbb{F}_p$, such that $A\cap(-A)=\emptyset$. We have
\begin{align*}
|\Sigma(A)|\ & \geqslant\min\left\{p,\frac{|A|(|A|+1)}{2}+1\right\},\\
|\Sigma^*(A)| & \geqslant\min\left\{p,\frac{|A|(|A|+1)}{2}\right\}.
\end{align*}
\end{theo}
Among other the applications of this result are algebraic invariants: Noether number or Davenport constant variations \cite{CZ,OPSS,WS}. Many of these applications would consider the bound on $\Sigma^*(A)$ in order to ensure the existence of a \emph{non trivial} zero-subsum of $A$. For these problems it is also of interest to consider subsums with a larger restriction on the number of terms. This is the aim of the last and new result of this article. We define:
\begin{defi} Let $A\subset \mathbb{F}_p$, we denote $\Sigma_\alpha(A)$ the set of subsums of at least $\alpha$ pairwise distinct elements of $A$ and $\Sigma^\alpha(A)$ the set of subsums of at most $|A|-\alpha$ pairwise distinct elements of $A$.
\begin{align*}
\Sigma_\alpha(A) & = \{a_1+\dots+a_k\mid a_i\in A,\ \alpha\leq k\leq |A|,\ a_i\neq a_j\} & & =\bigcup_{k=\alpha}^{|A|}(k^\wedge A)\\
\Sigma^\alpha(A) & = \{a_1+\dots+a_k\mid a_i\in A,\ 0\leq k\leq |A|-\alpha,\ a_i\neq a_j\} & & =\bigcup_{k=0}^{|A|-\alpha}(k^\wedge A).
\end{align*}
\end{defi}
These sets of subsums satisfy the following elementary properties:
\begin{itemize}
\item Whenever $\alpha\in\{0,1\}$, one has $\Sigma_0(A)=\Sigma^0(A)=\Sigma(A)$ and $\Sigma_1(A)=\Sigma^*(A)$.
\item Whatever $\alpha$, one has the symmetry: $\Sigma_\alpha(A)=\left(\sum_{a\in A}a\right)-\Sigma^\alpha(A)$, what implies that $|\Sigma_\alpha(A)|=|\Sigma^\alpha(A)|$.
\item Whenever $\alpha\leq\alpha'$ one has $\Sigma_{\alpha'}(A)\subset\Sigma_\alpha(A)$.
\end{itemize}
The generalization of Theorem \ref{EB} is:
\begin{theo}\label{Main} Let $A\subset\mathbb{F}_p$, such that $A\cap(-A)=\emptyset$. For any natural integer $\alpha\in[0,|A|]$, we have:
\[|\Sigma_\alpha(A)|=|\Sigma^\alpha(A)|\geqslant\min\left\{p,\frac{|A|(|A|+1)}{2}-\frac{\alpha(\alpha+1)}{2}+1\right\}.\]
\end{theo}
Before the proof, we can make the following remarks:
\begin{itemize}
\item Whenever $\alpha\in\{0,1\}$, this is exactly Theorem \ref{EB}.
\item This bound is sharp since for $A=[1,d]$, one has:
\[\Sigma^\alpha(A)=\left[0,\frac{d(d+1)}{2}-\frac{\alpha(\alpha+1)}{2}\right].\]
of cardinality exactly $\min\left\{p,\frac{|A|(|A|+1)}{2}-\frac{\alpha(\alpha+1)}{2}+1\right\}$.
\end{itemize}
The article is organized as follows: In a first section, we explain the method. We state the Combinatorial Nullstellensatz, the coefficient formula and the new proofs of the Cauchy-Davenport and Dias da Silva-Hamidoune theorems. The novelty in these proofs, is that there would be no need to compute the coefficients. In a second section, the proof of Theorem \ref{Main} is given. It follows the steps of the method of the first section. In the last section, we discuss the problem of the sets of subsums with upper and lower bound on the number of terms. It appears surprisingly that the problem with a double bound is of a different nature than the three previous ones.
\section{Rewriting the polynomial proofs of Cauchy-Davenport and Dias da Silva-Hamidoune theorems}\label{PM}
\subsection{The polynomial method}
The Combinatorial Nullstellensatz is a result that generalizes to multivariate polynomials the fact that an univariate polynomial of degree $d$ cannot vanish on $d+1$ points.
\begin{theo}[Combinatorial Nullstellensatz \cite{Al}]\label{CNSS} Let $\mathbb{F}$ be any field and $P(\underline{X})\in\mathbb{F}[X_1,\dots,X_d]$. If $P$ has total degree $k_1+\dots+k_d$
and its coefficient of the monomial $\prod_{i=1}^dX_i^{k_i}$ is non-zero, then whatever is the family $(A_1,\dots,A_d)$ of subsets of $\mathbb{F}$ satisfying $|A_i|>k_i$, there is a point $\underline{a}\in A_1\times\dots\times A_d$ such that
\[P(\underline{a})\neq 0.\]
\end{theo}
This theorem has lead to numerous proofs of combinatorial conjectures and new proofs in many mathematical fields. It is called Combinatorial Nullstellensatz because another formulation of it gives a generating family of the ideal of polynomial that vanishes on a cartesian product. The previously stated formulation is a criterion for a polynomial not to belong to this ideal.
Applying the polynomial method (the one that relies on the Combinatorial Nullstellensatz) on a combinatorial problem consists in defining a (big enough) cartesian product and a polynomial of small degree, so that the Combinatorial Nullstellensatz, will assert that there is a solution or a contradiction provided that a specific coefficient is nonzero. The combinatorial problem is then reduced to the computation problem of the appropriate coefficient.
In the three problems treated in this article, we will not need to compute the coefficient. We use the coefficient formula proved independently by Karasev-Petrov and by L\'ason, it is equivalent to the Combinatorial Nullstellensatz:
\begin{theo}(Coefficient formula \cite{KP,Las}) Let $P\in\mathbb{F}[X_1,\dots,X_d]$ be a polynomial of degree $k_1+\dots+k_d$ and any family of sets $A_i$, with $|A_i|=k_i+1$, denoting $g_i(X)=\prod_{a\in A_i}(X-a)$, then the coefficient of the monomial $\prod_{i=1}^dX_i^{k_i}$ in the expansion of $P$ is
\[\sum_{\underline{b}\in\prod_{i=1}^d A_i}\frac{P(\underline{b})}{\prod_{i=1}^dg_i'(b_i)}.\]
\end{theo}
In \cite{KP}, Karasev and Petrov gave a new proof of Dyson's conjecture thanks to this formula using an auxiliary polynomial and cartesian product.
We will use the coefficient formula for some well chosen sets to prove that the wanted coefficient is not zero. This does not require to compute the coefficient. The coefficient formula will provide
an expression of the specified coefficient as a sum, all of whose terms are zero but exactly one.
In our context the bound is tight and reached by some arithmetical progressions. The way to choose the auxiliary polynomial and cartesian product will be to consider the same constructions for these arithmetical progressions. In conclusion, our method is a way to understand why these bounds are reached by these arithmetical progressions via a kind of algebraic comparison.
\subsection{A proof of the Cauchy-Davenport theorem}
\begin{proof}
Let us consider two non empty subsets $A$ and $B$ of $\mathbb{F}_p$, of respective cardinality, $|A|=n$ and $|B|=m$. Define $\delta=\max\{0,n+m-1-p\}$. Since $\max\{n,m\}\leq p$, one has $\delta<\min\{n,m\}$.
We will prove the theorem by contradiction. Let us suppose that $|A+B|<\min\{p,n+m-1\}$, then consider a set $C$ of cardinality $|C|=\min\{p-1,n+m-2\}=n+(m-\delta)-2<p$ that contains $A+B$.
Define the polynomial
\[P(X,Y)=\prod_{x\in C}(X+Y-x).\]
By definition, $P$ vanishes on the cartesian product $A\times B$. We have $\deg(P)=|C|=(n-1)+(m-\delta-1)$.
Using the Combinatorial Nullstellensatz, to obtain a contradiction, it suffices to prove that the coefficient $c_{n-1,(m-\delta)-1}$ of $X^{n-1}Y^{(m-\delta)-1}$ is not zero.
Now consider the sets $A'=[1,n]$ and $B'=[1,(m-\delta)]$, one has $A'+B'=[2,n+(m-\delta)]$. We also consider the polynomial
\[Q(X,Y)=\prod_{x=2}^{n+(m-\delta)-1}(X+Y-x).\]
The polynomial $Q(X,Y)$ is defined similarly as $P(X,Y)$ on a set $C'=[2,n+(m-\delta)-1]$ of cardinality $|C'|=n+(m-\delta)-2=|C|$. Since $|C'|<p$, the elements of $[2,n+(m-\delta)]$ are pairwise distinct modulo $p$.
The two polynomial $P$ and $Q$ have the same coefficients of maximal degree, in particular they have the same coefficient $c_{n-1,(m-\delta)-1}$ of the monomial $X^{n-1}Y^{(m-\delta)-1}$.
We can use the coefficient formula on the sets $A'$ and $B'$ to find this coefficient in $Q$. The key point of this proof is the fact that the polynomial $Q$ vanishes on all the element of $A'\times B'$ but one: $Q(n,(m-\delta))\neq 0$. Therefore the coefficient is
\begin{align*}
c_{n-1,(m-\delta)-1}= & \sum_{(a,b)\in A'\times B'}\frac{Q(a,b)}{\prod_{a'\in A'\setminus\{a\}}(a-a')\prod_{b'\in B'\setminus\{b\}}(b-b')}\\
= & \frac{Q(n,(m-\delta))}{\prod_{i=1}^{n-1}(n-i)\prod_{i=1}^{(m-\delta)-1}((m-\delta)-i)}\neq 0.
\end{align*}
The expression as a sum that contains exactly one non-zero term suffices to assert that it is non zero.
\end{proof}
In this case, the computation is easy and the previous formula also proves that $c_{n-1,(m-\delta)-1}=\binom{n+(m-\delta)-2}{n-1}$.
\subsection{A proof of the Dias da Siva-Hamidoune theorem}
\begin{proof}
Consider a subset $A=\{a_1,\dots,a_d\}$ of $\mathbb{F}_p$ and $h\in[0,d]$.
We will prove the theorem by contradiction. Suppose that $h^\wedge A\subset C$, with $|C|=\min\{p-1,h(d-h)\}$.
Let us denote $\delta=\max\{0,h(d-h)+1-p\}$, this implies that $|C|=h(d-h)-\delta<p$. Since $h^\wedge(A\setminus\{a_d\})\subset h^\wedge A$, one can consider that $h((d-1)-h)+1<p$, what implies that $\delta<h$.
Let us consider the polynomial of $P_{d,h,\delta}(\underline{X})\in\mathbb{F}_p[X_1,\dots,X_h]$:
\[P_{d,h,\delta}(\underline{X})=\prod_{x\in C}(X_1+X_2+\dots+X_h-x)\prod_{1\leq i<j\leq h}(X_j-X_i).\]
By definition of $C$, $P_{d,h,\delta}$ vanishes on the whole cartesian product $A^h$. In our context, we will consider the sub-cartesian product $A_1\times\dots\times A_h$, where:
\[\begin{array}{lcl}
A_1 & = & \{a_1,\dots,a_{d-h}\} \\
\ \vdots & & \ \ \ \vdots\hspace{1.8cm} \ddots\\
A_\delta & = & \{a_1,\hspace{.6cm}\dots\hspace{.6cm},a_{d-h+\delta-1}\} \\
A_{\delta+1} & = & \{a_1,\hspace{1cm}\dots\hspace{1cm},a_{d-h+\delta+1}\} \\
\ \vdots & & \ \ \ \vdots\hspace{3.7cm} \ddots \\
A_h & = & \{a_1,\hspace{1.8cm}\dots\hspace{1.8cm},a_d\} \\
\end{array}\]
On the first hand, one has
\begin{align*}
\deg(P)= & |C|+\frac{h(h-1)}{2}\\
= & h(d-h)+\frac{h(h-1)}{2}-\delta\\
= & dh-\frac{h(h+1)}{2}-\delta,
\end{align*}
and on the other hand $\sum_{i=1}^h(|A_i|-1)=dh-\frac{h(h+1)}{2}-\delta$.
Thanks to the Combinatorial Nullstellensatz, to obtain a contradiction, it suffices to prove that the coefficient $c_{d,h,\delta}$ of the monomial $\prod_{i=1}^hX_i^{|A_i|-1}=\prod_{i=1}^\delta X_i^{d-h+i-2}\prod_{i=\delta+1}^h X_i^{d-h+i-1}$ is not zero.
We now consider the same construction for the set $B=[1,d]$ that satisfy $h^\wedge B=\left[\frac{h(h+1)}{2},\frac{d(d+1)}{2}-\frac{(d-h)(d-h+1)}{2}\right]$ of cardinality $|h^\wedge B|=\min\{p,h(d-h)+1\}$.
Let us consider the cartesian product $B_1\times\dots\times B_h$:
\[\begin{array}{lcl}
B_1 & = & \{1,\dots,(d-h)\} \\
\ \vdots & & \ \ \vdots\hspace{1.8cm} \ddots\\
B_\delta & = & \{1,\hspace{.6cm}\dots\hspace{.6cm},(d-h+\delta-1)\} \\
B_{\delta+1} & = & \{1,\hspace{1cm}\dots\hspace{1cm},(d-h+\delta+1)\} \\
\ \vdots & & \ \ \vdots\hspace{3.7cm} \ddots \\
B_h & = & \{1,\hspace{2cm}\dots\hspace{2cm},d\}.
\end{array}\]
We also define the set $R=\left[\frac{h(h+1)}{2},\frac{d(d+1)}{2}-\frac{(d-h)(d-h+1)}{2}-\delta-1\right]$. (Since $h(d-h)-\delta<p$, the elements of $R$ are pairwise distinct modulo $p$ and do not cover $\mathbb{F}_p$.) Finally, we define the polynomial
\[Q_{d,h,\delta}(\underline{X})=\prod_{x\in R}(X_1+X_2+\dots+X_h-x)\prod_{1\leq i<j\leq h}(X_j-X_i).\]
Since $|R|=h(d-h)-\delta=|C|$, the two polynomials $Q_{d,h,\delta}$ and $P_{d,h,\delta}$ have same degree. Moreover they differ only by constants in their linear factors, so they have the same coefficients of maximal degree. In particular, they share the have the same coefficient
$c_{d,h,\delta}$ of the monomial $\prod_{i=1}^\delta X_i^{d-h+i-2}\prod_{i=\delta+1}^h X_i^{d-h+i-1}$.
If we consider the sums $b_1+\dots+b_h$ of pairwise different values $b_i\in B_i$, one can reach any value in $\left[\frac{h(h+1)}{2},\frac{d(d+1)}{2}-\frac{(d-h)(d-h+1)}{2}-\delta\right]$. Only one of the values is missing in $R$, namely $\frac{d(d+1)}{2}-\frac{(d-h)(d-h+1)}{2}-\delta$ and this value is uniquely reached by the sum $(d-h)+\dots+(d-h+\delta-1)+(d-h+\delta+1)+\dots+d$. This implies that there is only one point $\underline{b}^*$ in the cartesian product $B_1\times\dots\times B_h$ such that $Q_{d,h,\delta}(\underline{b}^*)\neq 0$. Using the coefficient formula, one get that:
\[c_{d,h,\delta}=\sum_{\underline{b}\in \prod B_i}\frac{Q_{d,h,\delta}(\underline{b})}{\prod g'_i(b_i)}= \frac{Q_{d,h,\delta}(\underline{b}^*)}{\prod_{i=1}^dg_i'(b^*_i)} \neq 0,\]
where \[\underline{b}^*=(\underbrace{(d-h),\dots,(d-h+\delta-1)}_{i=1..\delta},\underbrace{(d-h-\delta+1),\dots,d}_{i=\delta+1..h}).\]
This coefficient is therefore different from zero and the proof is complete.
\end{proof}
\begin{rem}
The computation of the coefficient $c_{d,h,\delta}$ can be proceed to a closed expression, it is done in proposition \ref{comput1} in the annex of this article.
\end{rem}
\section{Sets of subset sums whose number of terms is bounded}
We proceed now to the proof of theorem \ref{Main}:
\begin{proof}
Whenever $p=2$, the hypothesis $A\cap(-A)=\emptyset$ is impossible for a non-empty subset, so from now on $p$ is an odd prime. Consider that the set is $A=\{2a_1,2a_2,\dots,2a_d\}$, so $|A|=d$ and denote $m=\sum_{i=1}^da_i$.
We prove the theorem by contradiction. Suppose that $|\Sigma^\alpha(A)|<\min\left\{p,\frac{d(d+1)}{2}-\frac{\alpha(\alpha+1)}{2}+1\right\}$, and consider a set $C$, such that $\Sigma^\alpha(A)\subset C$, with $|C|=\min\left\{p-1,\frac{d(d+1)}{2}-\frac{\alpha(\alpha+1)}{2}\right\}$.
Denote:
\[\delta=\max\left\{0,\frac{d(d+1)}{2}-\frac{\alpha(\alpha+1)}{2}-(p-1)\right\}.\]
So that $|C|=\frac{d(d+1)}{2}-\frac{\alpha(\alpha+1)}{2}-\delta<p$.
Since one has $\Sigma^{\alpha+1}(A)\subset\Sigma^\alpha(A)$. One can consider that $\frac{d(d+1)}{2}-\frac{(\alpha+1)(\alpha+2)}{2}+1<p$. This implies that $\delta\leq\alpha$.
\bigskip
We define the polynomial:
\begin{align*}
P_{d,\alpha,\delta}(\underline{X})= & \prod_{x\in C}(X_1+\dots+X_d+m-x)\prod_{1\leq i<j\leq d}(X_j-X_i)\prod_{\substack{1\leq i<j\leq d\\\textrm{and}\ j>\alpha}}(X_j+X_i)\\
\end{align*}
This polynomial has degree
\begin{align*}
\deg(P_{d,\alpha,\delta})= & \left(\frac{d(d+1)}{2}-\frac{\alpha(\alpha+1)}{2}-\delta\right)+\left(\frac{d(d-1)}{2}\right)
+\left(\underbrace{(d-\alpha)\alpha}_{j>\alpha,\ \textrm{and}\ i\leq\alpha}+\underbrace{\frac{(d-\alpha)(d-\alpha-1)}{2}}_{\alpha<i<j}\right)\\
= & d^2+\frac{d(d-1)}{2}-\alpha^2-\delta.
\end{align*}
Let us consider the sets:
\[\begin{array}{lcll}
A_1 & = & \{-a_d,\dots,-a_{\alpha+1}\} & \\
\ \vdots & & \ \ \ \vdots\hspace{1.8cm} \ddots & \\
A_\delta & = & \{-a_d,\hspace{.3cm}\dots\hspace{.3cm},-a_{\alpha-\delta+2}\} & \\
A_{\delta+1} & = & \{-a_d,\hspace{1cm}\dots\hspace{1cm},-a_{\alpha-\delta}\} & \\
\ \vdots & & \ \ \ \vdots\hspace{3.7cm} \ddots & \\
A_\alpha & = & \{-a_d,\hspace{1.5cm}\dots\hspace{1.5cm},-a_1\} & \\
A_{\alpha+1} & = & \{ -a_d,\hspace{1.5cm}\dots\hspace{1.5cm},-a_1, & a_1,\hspace{.5cm}\dots\hspace{.5cm}, a_{\alpha+1}\}\\
\ \vdots & & \ \ \ \vdots\hspace{4.2cm} \vdots &\ \vdots \hspace{3.2cm}\ddots\\
A_d & = & \{ -a_d,\hspace{1.5cm}\dots\hspace{1.5cm},-a_1, & a_1,\hspace{1.5cm}\dots\hspace{1.5cm}, a_d\}\\
\end{array}\]
Moreover, one also have:
\begin{align*}
\sum_{i=1}^d(|A_i|-1)= & \left(d^2-\frac{\alpha(\alpha-1)}{2}\right)+\left(d(d-\alpha)-\frac{(d-\alpha)(d-\alpha-1)}{2}\right)-d-\delta\\
= & d(2d-\alpha-1)-\left(\alpha^2+\frac{d(d-1)}{2}-d\alpha\right)-\delta\\
= & d^2+\frac{d(d-1)}{2}-\alpha^2-\delta.
\end{align*}
Whatever is the element of the cartesian product, if the two last factors of $P_{d,\alpha,\delta}$ do not vanish then it consists of a sum of the type $\pm a_1\pm a_2\dots\pm a_d$, which has at least $\alpha$ negative signs. So $\pm a_1\pm a_2\dots\pm a_d+m$ is a sum of at most $d-\alpha$ elements of $A$ and the first factor vanishes. In conclusion, $P_{d,\alpha,\delta}$ vanishes on the whole cartesian product $\prod_{i=1}^d A_i$.
To obtain a contradiction thanks to the Combinatorial Nullstellensatz, it suffices to prove that the coefficient $c_{d,\alpha,\delta}$ of the following monomial is non zero:
\[\prod_{i=1}^dX_i^{|A_i|-1}=\left(\prod_{i=1}^\delta X_i^{d-\alpha+i-2}\right)\left(\prod_{i=\delta+1}^\alpha X_i^{d-\alpha+i-1}\right) \left(\prod_{i=\alpha+1}^dX_i^{d+i-1}\right).\]
Let us now consider the same construction for the set $B=2.[1,d]$: one has
\[\Sigma^\alpha(B)=2.\left[0,\frac{d(d+1)}{2}-\frac{\alpha(\alpha+1)}{2}\right],\] of cardinality $|\Sigma^\alpha(B)|=\frac{d(d+1)}{2}-\frac{\alpha(\alpha+1)}{2}+1$.
Define the sets:
\[\begin{array}{lcll}
B_1 & = & \{-d,\dots,-(\alpha+1)\} & \\
\ \vdots & & \ \ \ \vdots\hspace{1.8cm} \ddots & \\
B_\delta & = & \{-d,\hspace{.3cm}\dots\hspace{.3cm},-(\alpha-\delta+2)\} & \\
B_{\delta+1} & = & \{-d,\hspace{1cm}\dots\hspace{1cm},-(\alpha-\delta)\} & \\
\ \vdots & & \ \ \ \vdots\hspace{3.7cm} \ddots & \\
B_\alpha & = & \{-d,\hspace{1.5cm}\dots\hspace{1.5cm},-1\} & \\
B_{\alpha+1} & = & \{-d,\hspace{1.5cm}\dots\hspace{1.5cm},-1 & 1,\hspace{.5cm}\dots\hspace{.5cm},\alpha+1\}\\
\ \vdots & & \ \ \ \vdots\hspace{4.1cm} \vdots & \vdots \hspace{2.5cm} \ddots \\
B_d & = & \{-d,\hspace{1.5cm}\dots\hspace{1.5cm},-1 & 1,\hspace{1cm}\dots\hspace{1.3cm}, d\}\\
\end{array}\]
Let us denote $m'=\frac{d(d+1)}{2}$ and $R=\left[0,\frac{d(d+1)}{2}-\frac{\alpha(\alpha+1)}{2}-\delta-1\right]$. Since $\frac{d(d+1)}{2}-\frac{\alpha(\alpha+1)}{2}-\delta<p$, the elements of $R$ are pairwise distinct modulo $p$ and do not cover $\mathbb{F}_p$.
define the polynomial:
\[Q_{d,\alpha,\delta}(\underline{X})=\prod_{x\in R}(X_1+\dots+X_d+m'-x)\prod_{1\leq i<j\leq d}(X_j-X_i)\prod_{\substack{1\leq i<j\leq d\\\textrm{and}\ j>\alpha}}(X_j+X_i)\]
Since $|R|=\frac{d(d+1)}{2}-\frac{\alpha(\alpha+1)}{2}-\delta=|C|$, the two polynomials $Q_{d,\alpha,\delta}$ and $P_{d,\alpha,\delta}$ have same degree. Moreover they differ only by constants in their linear factors, so they have the same coefficients of maximal degree. In particular, they have the same coefficient of the monomial $\left(\prod_{i=1}^\delta X_i^{d-\alpha+i-2}\right)\left(\prod_{i=\delta+1}^\alpha X_i^{d-\alpha+i-1}\right)\left(\prod_{i=\alpha+1}^dX_i^{d+i-1}\right)$.
If we consider all the sums $b_1+\dots+b_d+m'$ where $b_i\in B_i$ and
\[\prod_{1\leq i<j\leq d}(b_j-b_i)\prod_{\substack{1\leq i<j\leq d\\\textrm{and}\ j>\alpha}}(b_j+b_i)\neq 0,\] one can reach any value in $\left[0,\frac{d(d+1)}{2}-\frac{\alpha(\alpha+1)}{2}-\delta\right]$. Only one value for the sum does miss in $R$, $\frac{d(d+1)}{2}-\frac{\alpha(\alpha+1)}{2}-\delta$, and there is only one element, whose coordinates are pairwise neither equal nor opposite in this cartesian product and that reaches this value. It implies that there is only one point $\underline{b}^*$ in the cartesian product $B_1\times\dots\times B_d$ such that $Q_{d,\alpha,\delta}(\underline{b}^*)\neq 0$. Using the coefficient formula, one
\[c_{d,\alpha,\delta}=\sum_{\underline{b}\in \prod B_i}\frac{Q_{d,\alpha,\delta}(\underline{b})}{\prod g'_i(b_i)}=\frac{Q_{d,\alpha,\delta}(\underline{b}^*)}{\prod_{i=1}^dg_i'(b_i^*)} \neq 0,\]
where \[\underline{b}^*=(\underbrace{-(\alpha+1),\dots,-(\alpha-\delta+2)}_{i=1..\delta},\underbrace{-(\alpha-\delta),\dots,-1}_{i=\delta+1..\alpha},\alpha+1-\delta,\underbrace{\alpha+2,\dots,d}_{i=\alpha+2..d})\]
This coefficient is therefore different from zero, what concludes the proof.
\end{proof}
\begin{rem} The value of $c_{d,\alpha,\delta}$ can be compute from this formula. It is written in proposition \ref{comput2} in the annex of this article.
\end{rem}
\section{The trouble in the consideration of a double bound}
It seems natural at this point to define the sets of subsums whose number of terms are doubly bounded:
\begin{defi} Let $A\subset \mathbb{F}_p$, we denote $\Sigma_\alpha^\beta(A)$ the set of subsums of at least $\alpha$ and at most $|A|-\beta$ pairwise distinct elements of $A$
\[\Sigma_\alpha^\beta(A)= \{a_1+\dots+a_k\mid a_i\in A,\ \alpha\leq k\leq |A|-\beta,\ a_i\neq a_j\}=\bigcup_{k=\alpha}^{|A|-\beta}(k^\wedge A).\]
\end{defi}
At first glance, one could think that for a set $A\subset \mathbb{F}_p$ such that $A\cap(-A)=\emptyset$ the minimal cardinality of such a set of subsums is again reached on an arithmetical progression of type $[1,d]$, and so that the cardinality of $|\Sigma_\alpha^\beta(A)|$ would be at least:
\[\min\left\{p,\frac{|A|(|A|+1)}{2}-\frac{\alpha(\alpha+1)}{2}-\frac{\beta(\beta+1)}{2}+1\right\}.\]
This does not hold and several counterexamples can be given:
Let $k\geq 3$ and consider the set $A=\{1,-2,3,\dots,k\}$, then one has:
\begin{align*}
\Sigma_1^1(A)= & \left\{-2,-1,1,2,\dots,\frac{k(k+1)}{2}-5,\frac{k(k+1)}{2}-3,\frac{k(k+1)}{2}-2\right\},\\
\Sigma_2^1(A)= & \left\{-1,1,2,\dots,\frac{k(k+1)}{2}-5,\frac{k(k+1)}{2}-3,\frac{k(k+1)}{2}-2\right\}.
\end{align*}
Considered in $\mathbb{Z}$, one has $|\Sigma_1^1(A)|=\frac{k(k+1)}{2}-1=\frac{k(k+1)}{2}-1-1+1$ and $|\Sigma_2^1(A)|=\frac{k(k+1)}{2}-2=\left(\frac{k(k+1)}{2}-3-1+1\right)+1$.
So whenever $\frac{k(k+1)}{2}-4=p$, one has
\begin{align*}
|\Sigma_1^1(A)|= & p-1=\frac{k(k+1)}{2}-3<\min\left\{p,\frac{k(k+1)}{2}-1-1+1\right\},\\
|\Sigma_2^1(A)|= & p-1=\frac{k(k+1)}{2}-3<\min\left\{p,\frac{k(k+1)}{2}-3-1+1\right\}.
\end{align*}
It is conjectured (but not formally known) that there is an infinite number of couples $(k,p)$ such that $p=\frac{k(k+1)}{2}-4\in \mathbb{P}$. Here follows the list of those with $p<1000$:
\[(5,11),(6,17),(9,41),(14,101),(17,149),(18,167),\]\[(21,227),(26,347),(29,431),(30,461),(33,557),(41,857).\]
Conversely, it can be seen that, for some other prime numbers, the conjecture is true. It implies that the problem is of a different nature from the Cauchy-Davenport, Dias da Silva-Hamidoune theorems and theorem \ref{Main}. These three theorems can be called universal, since the bound is universal in $p$, the cardinality of the set (and their parameters).
However, for this problem, it is still possible to define a polynomial and a cartesian product that would lead to a proof of the bound, provided a specified coefficient is non zero. Of course, since counterexamples are known, for some values of the parameters $d,\alpha,\beta,p$, the specified coefficient will be zero. The computations of these coefficients lead to the idea that the previous counterexamples are the only ones possible. What can be summarized in the following conjecture:
\begin{conj} Let $p$ be a prime number and $A\subset \mathbb{F}_p$ such that $A\cap(-A)=\emptyset$, then
\[|\Sigma_\alpha^\beta(A)|\geqslant\min\left\{p,\frac{|A|(|A|+1)}{2}-\frac{\alpha(\alpha+1)}{2}-\frac{\beta(\beta+1)}{2}+1\right\},\]
unless $A=\lambda.\{1,-2,3,\dots,k\}$, with $\lambda\in\mathbb{F}_p^*$, $\frac{k(k+1)}{2}=p+4$ and $(\alpha,\beta)\in\{(1,1),(1,2),(2,1)\}$.
\end{conj}
\section*{Annex: Computation of the coefficients}
In this annex, we denote $n!!=\prod_{i=0}^{n-1}i!$, the product of the $n$ first factorials. It is an unusual notation, but it satisfies the nice property $\prod_{1\leq i<j\leq n}(j-i)=n!!$.
\subsection{The coefficient involved in the proof of the Dias da Silva-Hamidoune theorem}
\begin{prop}\label{comput1} The coefficient involved in the proof of the Dias da Silva-Hamidoune theorem is:
\[c_{d,h,\delta}=(h(d-h))!\frac{\binom{d-h+\delta-1}{\delta}\binom{h}{\delta}}{\binom{h(d-h)}{\delta}}\frac{h!!(d-h)!!}{d!!}.\]
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
The computation of the coefficient can be continued:
\[c_{d,h,\delta}=\frac{Q_{d,h,\delta}(\underline{b}^*)}{\prod_{i=1}^dg_i'(b^*_i)},\]
where \[\underline{b}^*=(\underbrace{(d-h),\dots,(d-h+\delta-1)}_{i=1..\delta},\underbrace{(d-h-\delta+1),\dots,d}_{i=\delta+1..h}).\]
Since $g'_i(b_i)=(|B_i|-1)!=(d-h+i-2)!$ if $i\leq \delta$ and $g'_i(b_i)=(|B_i|-1)!=(d-h+i-1)!$ if $i>\delta$, the multinomial sum gives $|R|!=(h(d-h)-\delta)!$ and the Vandermonde is $\binom h\delta h!!$
\begin{align*}
c_{d,h,\delta}= & \frac{(h(d-h)-\delta)!}{\prod_{i=1}^\delta(d-h+i-2)!\prod_{i=\delta+1}^h(d-h+i-1)!}\binom h\delta h!!\\
= & \frac{(h(d-h)-\delta)!}{\prod_{i=d-h-1}^{d-h+\delta-2} i!\prod_{i=d-h+\delta}^{d-1} i !}\binom h\delta h!!\\
= & \frac{(h(d-h)-\delta)!}{\frac{(d-h-1)!}{(d-h+\delta-1)!}\frac{d!!}{(d-h)!!}}\binom h\delta h!!\\
= & \delta!((h(d-h)-\delta)!)\binom{d-h+\delta-1}{\delta}\binom{h}{\delta}\frac{h!!(d-h)!!}{d!!}\\
= & (h(d-h))!\frac{\binom{d-h+\delta-1}{\delta}\binom{h}{\delta}}{\binom{h(d-h)}{\delta}}\frac{h!!(d-h)!!}{d!!}.\\
\end{align*}
\end{proof}
\subsection{The coefficient involved in the proof of Theorem \ref{Main}}
\begin{prop}\label{comput2} Denoting $m_{d,\alpha}=d(d+1)/2-\alpha(\alpha+1)/2$. One has\[c_{d,\alpha,\delta}=\frac{2^{m_{d,\alpha}-\delta}(m_{d,\alpha})!}{\binom{m_{d,\alpha}}{\delta}}\frac{\binom{d-\alpha+\delta-1}{\delta}\binom{\alpha+1}\delta\binom{d+\alpha+1}\delta}{\binom{2\alpha+2}\delta}\frac{\alpha!!(d-\alpha)!!(d+\alpha+1)!!}{d!!(2d+1)!!}\left(\prod_{i=\alpha+1}^d(2i-1)!\right).\]
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
The computation of the coefficient can be continued:
\[c_{d,\alpha,\delta}=\frac{Q_{d,\alpha,\delta}(\underline{b}^*)}{\prod_{i=1}^dg_i'(b_i)},\]
with \[\underline{b}^*=(\underbrace{-(\alpha+1),\dots,-(\alpha-\delta+2)}_{i=1..\delta},\underbrace{-(\alpha-\delta),\dots,-1}_{i=\delta+1..\alpha},\alpha-\delta+1,\underbrace{\alpha+2,\dots,d}_{i=\alpha+2..d}).\]
One has:
\[g'_i(b^*_i)=\begin{cases} (d-\alpha+i-2)! & \textrm{if}\ i\leq\delta,\\
(d-\alpha+i-1)! & \textrm{if}\ \delta<i\leq\alpha,\\
(-1)^\delta \delta!\frac{(d+\alpha+1-\delta)!}{(\alpha-\delta+1)}=(-1)^\delta\frac{(d+\alpha+1)!}{(\alpha-\delta+1)\binom{d+\alpha+1}{\delta}}& \textrm{if}\ i=\alpha+1\\
\frac{(d+i)!}{i} & \textrm{if}\ i>\alpha+1
\end{cases}\]
so the product of their inverse is:
\begin{align*}
\frac{1}{\prod_{i=1}^dg'_i(b^*_i)}= & (-1)^\delta\left(\prod_{i=1}^\delta\frac{1}{(d-\alpha+i-2)!}\right)\left(\prod_{i=\delta+1}^\alpha\frac{1}{(d-\alpha+i-1)!}\right)\\
& \hspace{2cm}\times\binom{d+\alpha+1}{\delta}\frac{(\alpha-\delta+1)}{(d+\alpha+1)!}\left(\prod_{i=\alpha+2}^d\frac{i}{(d+i)!}\right)\\
\end{align*}
\begin{align*}
= & (-1)^\delta \frac{(d-\alpha+\delta-1)!}{(d-\alpha-1)!}\left(\prod_{i=1}^\alpha\frac{1}{(d-\alpha+i-1)!}\right)\\
& \hspace{2cm}\times\binom{d+\alpha+1}{\delta}(\alpha-\delta+1)\frac{d!}{(\alpha+1)!}\left(\prod_{i=\alpha+1}^d\frac{1}{(d+i)!}\right)\\
= & (-1)^\delta \frac{(d-\alpha+\delta-1)!}{(d-\alpha-1)!}\frac{(d-\alpha)!!}{d!!}\\
& \hspace{2cm}\times\binom{d+\alpha+1}{\delta}(\alpha-\delta+1)\frac{d!}{(\alpha+1)!}\frac{(d+\alpha+1)!!}{(2d+1)!!}\\
= & (-1)^\delta \delta!\binom{d-\alpha+\delta-1}{\delta}\binom{d+\alpha+1}{\delta}(\alpha-\delta+1)\frac{d!}{(\alpha+1)!}\frac{(d-\alpha)!!(d+\alpha+1)!!}{d!!(2d+1)!!}.
\end{align*}
The first factor of $Q_{d,\alpha,\delta}$ gives:
\[\prod_{x\in R}(b^*_1+\dots+b^*_d+m-x)=2^{|R|}|R|!=2^{m_{d,\alpha}-\delta}(m_{d,\alpha}-\delta)!\]
The second factor is
\begin{align*}
\prod_{1\leq i<j\leq d}(b^*_j-b^*_i) = & \left(\prod_{1\leq i<j\leq \alpha}\times\prod_{\substack{i=1\\(j=\alpha+1)}}^\alpha\times\prod_{\substack{1\leq i\leq\alpha\\\alpha+1<j\leq d}}\times\prod_{\substack{j=\alpha+2\\(i=\alpha+1)}}^d\times\prod_{\alpha+1<i<j\leq d}\right)(b^*_j-b^*_i)\\
= & \left(\alpha!!\binom\alpha\delta\right)\left(\frac{(2\alpha-\delta+2)!}{(2\alpha-2\delta+2)(\alpha-\delta+1)!}\right)\\
& \hspace{2cm}\times\left(\prod_{i=1}^\delta\frac{(d+\alpha-i+2)!}{(2\alpha-i+3)!}\prod_{i=\delta+1}^\alpha\frac{(d+\alpha-i+1)!}{(2\alpha-i+2)!}\right)\\
& \hspace{4cm}\times\left(\frac{(d-\alpha+\delta-1)!}{\delta!}\right) (d-\alpha-1)!!\\
= & \alpha!!\binom\alpha\delta\frac{(2\alpha-\delta+2)!}{(2\alpha-2\delta+2)(\alpha-\delta+1)!}\\
& \hspace{2cm}\times\frac{(d+\alpha+2)!!(2\alpha-\delta+3)!!}{(d+\alpha-\delta+2)!!(2\alpha+3)!!}\frac{(d+\alpha-\delta+1)!!(\alpha+2)!!}{(d+1)!!(2\alpha-\delta+2)!!}\\
& \hspace{4cm}\times\binom{d-\alpha+\delta-1}\delta(d-\alpha)!!\\
= & \binom{d-\alpha+\delta-1}\delta\binom\alpha\delta\alpha!!(d-\alpha)!!\\
& \hspace{2cm}\times\frac{(2\alpha-\delta+2)!}{(2\alpha-2\delta+2)(\alpha-\delta+1)!}\frac{(2\alpha-\delta+2)!}{(d+\alpha-\delta+1)!}\\
& \hspace{4cm}\times\frac{(d+\alpha+2)!!(\alpha+2)!!}{(d+1)!!(2\alpha+3)!!}\\
\end{align*}
\begin{align*}
= & \binom{d-\alpha+\delta-1}\delta\binom\alpha\delta\alpha!!(d-\alpha)!!\\
& \hspace{2cm}\times\frac{(2\alpha-\delta+2)!}{(2\alpha-2\delta+2)(\alpha-\delta+1)!}\frac{(2\alpha-\delta+2)!}{(d+\alpha-\delta+1)!}\frac{(d+\alpha+1)!(\alpha+1)!}{(2\alpha+1)!(2\alpha+2)!}\\
& \hspace{4cm}\times\frac{(d+\alpha+1)!!(\alpha+1)!!}{(d+1)!!(2\alpha+1)!!}\\
= & \frac{(\alpha+1)}{(\alpha-\delta+1)}\frac{\binom{d-\alpha+\delta-1}\delta\binom\alpha\delta\binom{\alpha+1}\delta\binom{d+\alpha+1}\delta}{\binom{2\alpha+2}\delta^2}\frac{\alpha!!(d-\alpha)!!(d+\alpha+1)!!(\alpha+1)!!}{(d+1)!!(2\alpha+1)!!}.
\end{align*}
The last factor is:
\begin{align*}
\prod_{\substack{1\leq i<j\leq d\\ j>\alpha}}(b^*_j+b^*_i)= & \left(\prod_{\substack{i=1\\(j=\alpha+1)}}^\alpha\times\prod_{\substack{1\leq i\leq\alpha\\\alpha+1<j\leq d}}\times\prod_{\substack{j=\alpha+2\\(i=\alpha+1)}}^d\times\prod_{\alpha+1< i<j\leq d}\right)(b^*_j+b^*_i)\\
= & \left((-1)^\delta\delta!(\alpha-\delta)!\right) \left(\prod_{j=\alpha+2}^d\frac{(j-1)!}{(j-\alpha+\delta-1)(j-\alpha-2)!}\right)\\
& \hspace{2cm}\times\left(\frac{(d+\alpha-\delta+1)!}{(2\alpha-\delta+2)!}\right) \left(\prod_{i=\alpha+2}^{d-1}\frac{(d+i)!}{(2i)!}\right)\\
= & (-1)^\delta\frac{\alpha!}{\binom\alpha\delta}\frac{\delta!}{(d-\alpha+\delta-1)!}\frac{d!!}{(\alpha+1)!!(d-\alpha-1)!!}\\
& \hspace{2cm}\times\frac{(d+\alpha-\delta+1)!}{(2\alpha-\delta+2)!}\frac{(2d)!!}{(d+\alpha+2)!!}\prod_{i=\alpha+2}^{d-1}\frac{1}{(2i)!}\\
= & (-1)^\delta\frac{\binom{2\alpha+2}{\delta}}{\binom\alpha\delta\binom{d+\alpha+1}\delta\binom{d-\alpha+\delta-1}\delta}\frac{d!!(2d)!!}{\alpha!!(d-\alpha)!!(d+\alpha+1)!!}\prod_{i=\alpha+1}^{d-1}\frac{1}{(2i)!}.
\end{align*}
This gives the value of $Q_{d,\alpha,\delta}(\underline{b}^*)$:
\begin{align*}
Q_{d,\alpha,\delta}(\underline{b}^*)= & (-1)^\delta2^{m_{d,\alpha}-\delta}(m_{d,\alpha}-\delta)!\frac{(\alpha+1)}{(\alpha-\delta+1)}\frac{\binom{\alpha+1}\delta}{\binom{2\alpha+2}\delta} \frac{(\alpha+1)!!(2d)!!}{d!(2\alpha+1)!!}\prod_{i=\alpha+1}^{d-1}\frac{1}{(2i)!}\\
= & (-1)^\delta 2^{m_{d,\alpha}-\delta}(m_{d,\alpha}-\delta)!\frac{(\alpha+1)}{(\alpha-\delta+1)}\frac{\binom{\alpha+1}\delta}{\binom{2\alpha+2}\delta}\frac{(\alpha+1)!!}{d!}\prod_{i=\alpha+1}^d(2i-1)!\\
\end{align*}
And finally
\begin{align*}
c_{d,\alpha,\delta}= & 2^{m_{d,\alpha}-\delta}(m_{d,\alpha}-\delta)!\frac{(\alpha+1)}{(\alpha-\delta+1)}\frac{\binom{\alpha+1}\delta}{\binom{2\alpha+2}\delta}\frac{(\alpha+1)!!}{d!}\prod_{i=\alpha+1}^d(2i-1)!\\
& \hspace{2cm}\times\delta!\binom{d-\alpha+\delta-1}{\delta}\binom{d+\alpha+1}{\delta}(\alpha-\delta+1)\frac{d!}{(\alpha+1)!}\frac{(d-\alpha)!!(d+\alpha+1)!!}{d!!(2d+1)!!}\\
= & \frac{2^{m_{d,\alpha}-\delta}(m_{d,\alpha})!}{\binom{m_{d,\alpha}}{\delta}}\frac{\binom{d-\alpha+\delta-1}{\delta}\binom{\alpha+1}\delta\binom{d+\alpha+1}\delta}{\binom{2\alpha+2}\delta}\frac{\alpha!!(d-\alpha)!!(d+\alpha+1)!!}{d!!(2d+1)!!}\prod_{i=\alpha+1}^d(2i-1)!\\
\end{align*}
\end{proof}
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When designing a dental clinic, consider function, accessibility of key areas, and aesthetics. All activity revolves around the dental treatment rooms; therefore, key areas such as sterilization, laboratory, darkroom, and reception should be located to allow the most efficient movement between them and the treatment rooms. A more detailed description sterilization bay design is provided on page 22 of The Patient-Centered Dental-Health Home: An Essential Guide for Planning the CHC Dental Facility Expansion. Also, the dental clinic must be accessible to patients and staff who have disabilities; this needs to be considered in the design phase.
Dental equipment manufacturers can provide you with floor plans, similar to the samples provided here, to best utilize cabinetry and equipment for your purposes. Henry Schein, Inc., a dental supply and equipment company, and A-DEC, Inc., a dental equipment manufacturer, provided the floor plan options below. There is no "perfect" clinic layout, but the basic principles presented in this unit should be followed when designing your clinic. Err on the side of more staff and storage space.
These layouts should be shared with dentists who will be working in the clinic, the architect that will be doing the construction drawings for the clinic, and other staff that will be working on the clinic design. | {
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Our aim is to give customers a relaxed, casual dining experience to remember in our unique family-run setting along the beautiful North Norfolk Coast. Unwind in front of the burning log fire to enjoy our food all year long or dine al-fresco on a balmy summer's day or evening. Philip, an award-winning local chef with 20+ years experience along the coast, wants to bring his passion to the table and capitalize on the wonderful local produce on our doorstep in Drove's kitchen gardens and beyond.
Younger guests are well catered for with their own menu, highchairs available and a designated 'Kid's Corner' with an array of traditional games, cards and colouring. Plus a fabulous outdoor play area right on our doorstep to burn off some energy. Four-legged friends are welcome in the Yurt, and we always have dog bowls and special treats available. Walkers and bird watchers can take advantage of Drove's beautiful 40 acres of fruit orchards and the nearby Holme Bird Observatory, home of the Norfolk Ornithologists' Association. Find this tranquil setting just off the A149 or accessed on foot from Thornham using the Norfolk Coast Path. Campers experiencing a bit of 'Wild Luxury' at Thornham Bay's glamping lodges, just a stone's throw from the Yurt, will also be able to enjoy breakfast, lunch and dinner at our unique setting. Visitors to the coast travelling by bus can also stop off right at Drove Orchard's entrance by request on the Coasthopper bus service.
We want everyone to feel at home at Shuck's. | {
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Our mission is to make available Catholic doctrine, prayers, spirituality, and educational resources in a convenient and efficient manner with no expense to the recipient. To fulfill this mission, all involved in this mission should strive to fully adhere to the Magisterium of the Catholic Church and to direct their efforts towards the glory of God and salvation of souls under the patronage of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Holy Angels. All people of good will are invited to make use of these resources for their study and reflection.
iPieta is an apostolate of iVerbum, a tax-deductible 501(c)(3) non-profit organization.
Copyright 2017-2018 - iVerbum, Inc. | {
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What's the best bottle to take to a dinner party? What can you pour before a night on the town? Wine editor, book author and comedy writer Marissa A. Ross shares her best tips for drinking wine like an expert.
WASHINGTON — Wine experts aren't born experts.
Take, for example, Marissa A. Ross. Nowadays, she's the wine editor at Bon Appétit and the author of "Wine. All the time." But not too long ago, she was a struggling comedy writer in Los Angeles who blogged about her love of inexpensive wine in her spare time.
"There are videos on the internet of me drinking $3 wine out there, for sure. For years, I wrote these reviews that no one read. I'd get like 14 hits a month," Ross said.
That all changed when New York Magazine's Grub Street ran an article about Ross' blog. Suddenly, wine became a much bigger part of her life.
Ross' goal, from the beginning, has been to help people better understand wine, without all the pomp and pretentiousness (and without spending an entire paycheck). Want to get started? Here are a few tips for drinking like an expert — no sommelier course required.
In order to better pick up on underlying flavor notes, Ross says you need to get rid of distractions. Don't gulp from the glass while simultaneously cleaning out your inbox in front of the TV. Take a minute and focus on the drink in front of you.
"I think it's really important, if you want to start tasting wine, to really sit down with it and taste it and be present," Ross said.
Her biggest tip when it comes to tasting is to chew your wine — just for a sip or two.
Wine does not have to be expensive and it does not have to be in vogue. It just has to be something you want to kick back and enjoy. Scott Greenberg lists his favorite bottles across varietals. | {
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October 19, 2018 October 18, 2018 / Ryan Kessell
Continuing my week to week favorite wrestler blog, next on the list is Crush! So far my favorite wrestlers have gone as follows: Brian Pillman, Lex Luger, Ultimate Warrior and now I am to Crush. It was 1992 and 1993 when I was in the fifth grade and I thought Crush was the coolest wrestler on the roster. He was incredibly strong, had a sweet mullet, had colors that no one else was wearing and his entrance music was awesome. I thought it was so cool that he was billed from Kona Coast, Hawaii. I was so enamored with Crush, that I insisted that I be referred to as Crush. My fifth grade teacher allowed me to be called Crush in her class room, and I along with a lot of my classmates thought it was cool that I was being called Crush. It allowed me to come out of my shell a little bit, as I was a shy awkward kid with glasses and pretty much the only kid that liked pro wrestling. Being referred to by a wrestlers name would happen to me again in my High School years, which I will get to next week when I talk about my fifth favorite wrestler.
Crush was a lower mid card wrestler at best at the time, but I was really a big fan of the guy. He had a few opportunities at the intercontinental title, but was unsuccessful. His greatest rivalry was with Doink the Clown, which kind of tells you how well he did as a baby face. He originally started as a third member of Demolition, with Ax and Smash. When Demolition left or retired, that is when he became the Orange, yellow and purple wearing Crush. About a year of this character and a lackluster run, WWE decided to turn him heel. He was much better and more successful as a heel, but I didn't like the character. Which means he was good at his job. Crush as a heel, went on to have a great feud with Randy Savage. That was probably the most successful he would be in his career.
It was probably 1996-97 and WWE at the time was big on factions. They had The Nation of Domination, Los Boricuas and the Disciples of Apocalypse, a biker gang which he was a part of. The three factions battled for the better part of a year, before Crush left the WWE in late 1997. Some have speculated he left in protest to the Montreal screw-job.
In 1998, now going by his real name Brian Adams, he jump to WCW and joined the nWo. He was a staple in the nWo faction for a good year, but was not used in any high card matches. I believe he wrestled Goldberg for the World championship once, but obviously didn't win and the match was forgettable. After his nWo stint he was The Demon and I think Kronik, but truthfully I wasn't really watching WCW at that time.
My fondest memories of Crush will always be the Kona Crush character. After that I really didn't follow his career much, but for that year when I was in the fifth grade, Crush was all I talked about.
Unfortunately Crush passed away in August of 2007 from an accidental drug overdose. He was only fourty-three years old at the time, but his wrestling career was over. He had moved on to boxing, but never really had much of a career at it. He left the wrestling business quietly and you didn't hear much from him after WCW was purchased by WWE.
Although he was number four on my favorite wrestler list, he had the shortest tenure as one of my favorite wrestlers. After he turned heel and after his feud with Randy Savage, I took a couple of years break from watching wrestling, and focused on sports. I became a big fan of the NFL and the San Francisco 49ers. That took over my fandom for a couple years until probably 1996, when I started watching wrestling again. That's when I took notice of a wrestler who became my fifth and all time favorite. A lot to talk about with this next wrestler and I will dive into that next week.
Quick read today, but I wanted to get to Crush. An important figure in my wrestling fandom and my childhood. Have a great weekend and as always thanks for checking out gohomepwb.com.
Favorite Wrestlers
Crush, Hawaii
← GoHomePWB.com Weekly WWE Top Ten
Top 3 Fan Favorites in WWE → | {
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While the goals of the quantified self movement and transhumanism movement are different, it can be safe to say that both movements aim to increase the human potential. Based on the idea of the quantified self movement, by tracking various aspects of your life, you would be able to see how changes in your lifestyle choices can affect your overall well-being. And based on the idea of the transhumanism movement, through the use of technology, individuals would be able to overcome biological limits and improve the body in a way that improves the physical body.
The quantified self movement aims to track and acquire data on various aspects of the individual's life, including the number of steps walked, calories taken and more, with the help of technology. The data is registered using special gadgets, such as fitness bracelets or smartphone applications, and the digitally recorded data can then be assessed. With the self-knowledge in numbers, individuals can learn much about themselves and put a figure to it.
Transhumanism is a movement that promotes interdisciplinary approach to understanding and evaluating opportunities that enhance humans, due to the advancement of technology. Enhancement options ranges from the eradication of disease and elimination of unnecessary suffering to space colonization and the creation of superintelligent machines. Transhumanism is not limited to gadgets and medicine, but it also encompasses cultural development, psychological skills, and more. The idea of transhumanism is then to increase the capacity of what present humans have, not only through cultural refinement but direct application of medicine and technology to overcome biological limits.
An important aspect of the quantified self and self-tracking would be self-optimisation. While some types of data can be measured without special gadgets and applications, such as weight measurement, the new technologies can measure aspects that would otherwise have been unknown, such as sleep behavior. However, it is insufficient for individuals to merely collect the data and do nothing about it. The way the data is being processed is often based on norms, be it social norms or individual norms, whether he is satisfied with the statistics or see room for improvement. Through self-tracking, it would be possible to make the improvement quantifiable and visible, to be able to optimize the next step for further progress.
Transhumanism supports ideas that improves the well-being of all sentience, be it humans, extraterrestrial species and artificial intelligence. With developments in the transhumanism area, individuals could potentially increase their health, life expectancy, memory, without ceasing to exist in the process. While a person's intellect can be transformed by getting an education, his life expectancy can be extended by being cured from a currently incurable disease and people's active health-spans can be extended with the help of anti-aging medicine.
As technology advances in this area, would you be keen to embrace such technologies and optimise your potential? And would you be comfortable allowing your company to monitor your work performance while correlating it to your physical activity and health?
Bostrom, N. (2005). Transhumanist values. Journal of philosophical research, 30(Supplement), 3-14. | {
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Les Voyageurs du temps : La Menace est un jeu vidéo développé et édité par Delphine Software, sorti en 1989 sur les ordinateurs 16 bits Amiga et Atari ST, et l'année suivante sur PC. Conçu par Paul Cuisset, il est, avec les jeux édités par LucasArts, l'un des premiers jeux d'aventure en pointer et cliquer, c'est-à-dire se jouant uniquement à la souris. Le jeu embarque le joueur dans une histoire originale et prenante, dotée de graphismes somptueux pour l'époque, réalisés par Éric Chahi, futur auteur d'Another World.
Scénario
Le joueur incarne un laveur de carreaux qui franchit un jour la fenêtre du bureau de son chef. Il découvre alors que ce bureau cache une machine à remonter le temps, qui l'emmènera au Moyen Âge, dans le futur, et enfin à la Préhistoire. Le joueur s'apercevra également que tout n'est pas rose pour l'espèce humaine...
Système de jeu
Les Voyageurs du temps est un jeu d'aventure graphique qui utilise les principes du genre. Le personnage se contrôle à la souris, et peut exécuter un nombre limité d'actions via un menu contextuel : bouger, examiner un objet et l'utiliser. Les énigmes ne sont pas simples à résoudre, et il faut s'y reprendre à plusieurs fois pour exécuter les bonnes actions dans le temps imparti (le loup gardant le monastère, ou le compte à rebours de la scène finale en sont de bons exemples). L'histoire est linéaire, il n'est pas possible de dévier de la trame, et il n'y a pas de quêtes annexes.
Il est impossible de revenir en arrière, ce qui peut aboutir à des impasses si l'on a oublié de prendre certains objets dans les époques précédentes. La taille de certains objets à récupérer (2 voire 1 pixel, comme le fameux petit drapeau rouge) rend cette recherche d'autant plus difficile. Contrairement à d'autres jeux d'aventures, la sanction d'une erreur est bien souvent la mort pure et simple du personnage. Il est donc impératif de penser à sauvegarder régulièrement.
Mise en scène
Les Voyageurs du temps est le premier jeu « Cinématique » de Delphine Software.
À travers ce concept, l'ambition de l'éditeur est de créer une expérience de jeu la plus proche possible du cinéma, en y ajoutant la dimension de l'interactivité. Avec des graphismes et une animation salués, Les Voyageurs du temps se veut un mètre étalon du genre à l'époque, comme en témoigne sa séquence d'ouverture : un vaisseau spatial géant (semblable à celui de Rencontres du troisième type) atterrit dans une clairière tout en décimant à coups de lasers un groupe de soldats en tenues futuristes. À la manière d'un générique de cinéma, le titre du jeu, puis les noms des auteurs apparaissent à l'écran de façon dynamique. Cette introduction « coup de poing » laisse place au premier écran du jeu : une façade de building dans laquelle se réfléchissent, de façon réaliste, les constructions environnantes. Le joueur y fait connaissance avec le héros du jeu, aux prises avec un patron colérique. Ce type de saynète animée, qui se déclenche aux moments clés de l'aventure, préfigure les scènes cinématiques à grand spectacle des jeux actuels (Final Fantasy, Metal Gear Solid...). Le principe, inauguré par Jordan Mechner dans son Prince of Persia quelque temps auparavant, passe ici à la vitesse supérieure. À l'instar des jeux LucasArts contemporains, Les Voyageurs du Temps propose par ce procédé une richesse narrative et une immersion inédites, renforcées par des bruitages réalistes et des compositions musicales soignées.
Équipe de développement
Game design : Paul Cuisset
Programmation : Paul Cuisset
Version PC : Daniel Morais
Graphismes : Éric Chahi
Composition musique : Jean Baudlot
Effets sonores : Antoine O'Heix et Marc Minier
Musique
Les musiques, composées et arrangées par Jean Baudlot, ont été regroupées sur un CD bonus, distribué avec certaines versions du jeu.
Time Travellers
Alien's Rock
Future Sound
Rock'n Rocket
Sweet Sensation
The Cold Ice
Metaphysical Choirs
Heart Of The Country
Bad Travel
Nasty Story
Blue Spinning Wheel
Réception
Tilt d'Or Canal+ 89, catégorie Jeu d'aventure en français
Gen d'Or
Notes et références
Jeu d'aventure en pointer-et-cliquer
Jeu vidéo sorti en 1989
Jeu Amiga
Jeu Atari ST
Jeu DOS
Voyage dans le temps en jeu vidéo
Jeu vidéo développé en France
Jeu vidéo se déroulant dans le futur
Jeu vidéo se déroulant à la préhistoire
Jeu vidéo se déroulant au Moyen Âge
Jeu Delphine Software
Jeu Palace Software
Jeu vidéo de science-fiction
Jeu vidéo se déroulant dans les années 1980
Jeu vidéo avec une musique composée par Jean Baudlot | {
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Seeking versatility. Sports pavilion and multi-purpose space by Consequence Forma architects
05/05/2022. [Nový Hrozenkov] Czech Republic
metalocus, CARLOS RUBIO
The municipality of Nový Hrozenkov, a town in the Bečva River valley in the Czech Republic, wanted to build a gymnasium for its primary school for public use. Consequence forma architects, therefore, designed a sports hall.
The project is based on the idea of connecting the surrounding landscape with the interior, using a glass façade that eliminates the visual boundary between the exterior and interior space, thus bringing nature in. In this way, new interactions are generated.
Nový Hrozenkov Primary School Sports Hall by Consequence forma architects. Photograph by BoysPlayNice.
Site plan. Nový Hrozenkov Primary School Sports Hall by Consequence forma architects.
Ground floor plan. Nový Hrozenkov Primary School Sports Hall by Consequence forma architects.
Section. Nový Hrozenkov Primary School Sports Hall by Consequence forma architects.
Façade. Nový Hrozenkov Primary School Sports Hall by Consequence forma architects.
The sports hall at Nový Hrozenkov primary school by Consequence forma architects consists of an eastern façade with three large windows framing the view. The lowest window attracts the public to look out, its metal sill serves as a seat for the pupils. The space is dominated by a large climbing wall that extends above the roof.
Trusses nailed to the roof were used in combination with side skylights. The panoramic façade is made of metal columns, and the glazing is impact-resistant and consists of three-layer glass combined with a special film. Part of the sports hall is made of concrete columns supported on concrete footings. The interior cladding is made of wood.
Nový Hrozenkov Primary School Sports Hall by Consequence forma architects. Photograph by BoysPlayNice
Description of project by Consequence forma architects
The sports hall is located in the small town of Nový Hrozenkov, nested in the valley of the Bečva River, which flows through the Vallachian landscape in the eastern corner of Czechia. The architects wanted to bring contemporary architecture that would fit into the town while introducing something fresh and original. There are more stages of the project; besides the sports hall, revitalisation concerned the main school building reconstruction, new entrances, technical equipment, changing rooms, sports hall facilities and a reconstruction of a famous fitness gym located on the ground floor. In addition, plans include revitalising the surrounding public areas and schoolyard and outdoor school playing fields.
The sports hall serves two purposes - as a gymnasium of a local primary school and for hire to the public. The main concept of the building was to highlight the potential of the rural landscape and link it through a generous glass wall to the indoor play area. Another important aspect is an effective connection of the sports hall to the adjacent buildings and the garden. The interior is primarily cladded with wood panelling making up the atmosphere and acoustic comfort. The building character is largely influenced by the indoor climbing wall rising above the ceiling of the playing field and forming a dominant roof light, which mirrors on the other side too.
Client's brief
An outdated small-town gymnasium served generations of pupils of the local primary school. Janica Šipulová, an architect based in CONSEQUENCE FORMA architectural studio, was amongst them too.
The town council aimed to build a new gymnasium serving both the school and the public. We focused on introducing a functional connection to the adjacent buildings of various characters and retaining as much space as possible for the school's future playing field and other school activities. During the already-running design works, the school headmaster requested that a climbing wall of the greatest possible height should be added to the design. Another determining factor was the estimated cost - the small town could not be sure they would succeed with their funding application. The gymnasium project gradually snowballed into other parts of the overall reconstruction within the school premises. These include the reduction of energy consumption in the oldest building within the school area, relating reconstruction of the fitness hall on the ground floor of the main school building, the new identity of the entrances and the addition of technical equipment to the building. The other building saw a reconstruction of its ground floor, an interior design of the changing rooms, and a sports hall's service facility. We also created a new entrance to the garden. In the next phase, the revitalisation of the surrounding areas should follow.
Context, inspiration and key concepts for the development of the project
By placing the gymnasium between the railway embankment and the building of the primary school, a ring surrounding the inner yard and the garden sprung up, making the area accessible from all school buildings via their newly formed entrances. The principal concept of the gymnasium itself is to connect the surrounding landscape with the interior by a glass façade blurring the lines between the indoor and outdoor. The indoor space is limitless as it flows further into the landscape that transforms throughout time. This double-direction view, from the outside indoors and the other way round, makes way for new interactions, which was the key theme in our concept. The glass façade's orientation invites the sunset atmosphere in for many hours in the evening, making the interior cosy. Keeping the lights (switched) off intensifies the harmony between the interior and the landscape and makes room for intimate moments crucial for meditation, yoga and dance. The interior offers spectacular views to those looking from the outside with the lights on.
The eastern façade has three large windows alongside that frame intentional views in and out. The lowest window attracts the public to peek in, while its inner metal sill doubles up as additional pupils' seating. The other two windows are accessible from the inner grandstand and provide lovely views over the village centre or the passing trains. Dominating the whole space is a great climbing wall that extends above the ceiling with a roof light window. Upon reaching the top of the wall, the climbers are rewarded with a lookout view of the landscape through a narrow gabble window. Complementing the overall composition is the second roof light. On the outside, the corners of these roof lights playfully extend above the roof, livening up the overall rigid form of the sports hall. The aim to fit in and stand out at the same time is omnipresent in the design, which attempts for a new, open sports hall typology. The external façade of the sports hall features wood cladding profiles on one side and plastered surfaces with fine textures on the other side. The building's architecture supports and inspires the local community and its children. A few months after the gymnasium re-opened, sports teams were already welcoming their members, and new clubs sprung up too, such as the climbing one.
The design of the primary school's main building's reconstruction follows the original concept of the building by architect Bohumír Kupka. The original brick pillars have been insulated and cladded with a brick strip. A complete transformation of the window distribution, the addition of brick façade cladding and a new design concept for all entrances came together to transform the building into a contemporary architectural concept. In the future, we hope for the revitalisation of the surrounding area, which would unify the overall transformation of the school nested in the heart of this small town. The overall change aims to offer the locals and visitors a public space for children, meetings, play and relaxation.
Construction techniques and the principal materials used in the project
The design is a reaction to contradictory requirements for a high climbing wall and an economical solution for roof construction. The most effective way was to use nailed roof trusses, which, combined with side roof lights, allow maximum use of the height for the climbing wall construction. The biggest challenge lay in a solution to the floor-to-ceiling panoramic façade with subtle metal columns. The frameless glazing used alongside the entire length of the building is impact-resistant and made of three-layered glass combined with a special film. The other part of the sports hall consists of concrete columns supported by concrete footings. The indoor wood paneling provides acoustic comfort suitable for sports activities. Everything can be viewed from the grandstand, which is accessible from the corridor connecting the sports hall with the ground floor of the school. There are storage spaces located under the grandstand and in the connecting corridor. The sports equipment is dominated by retractable basketball hoops and a resilient sports floor. This connecting corridor also houses the changing rooms and the sports hall's service facilities. We drew the project in BIM software; it received funding and was completed in 2021.
Energy-efficient elements, sustainability
The sustainable character of the project lies mainly in the use of a controlled heat recovery system through an air handling unit. Placed within the roof structure between the trusses, the unit ensures a sufficient supply of fresh air. By directing the venting to the slots between the trusses and the ceiling luminaires, the integrity of the interior remains intact. The entire building is heated by floor convectors hidden along the glazed wall. It is not only an aesthetic solution, but it also prevents the glass from misting. Additional plate heaters are placed in the grandstand and the connecting corridor. The indoor acoustics also contribute to a healthy indoor environment. It was essential to use LED luminaires, as their long lifetime and economical character contribute to the sustainability of the building over time. Different light modes, a large glazed area and the roof lights come together to allow more subtle work with the lighting in the daytime or only partial lighting of various activities. Facing the west, the outdoor wooden slats and blinds help to prevent the building from overheating. Finally, the rainwater from the roofs is channeled into storage objects on the school site with an overall size of 165 m².
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100% Gamay from a co-operative of vignerons established in the 1960s, housed in la Chateau du Bois de la sale; Constructed for Emperor Napoleons head chaplin, Louis Charrier de la Roche.
A fabulous 'lunchtime' wine with all the hallmarks of a Beaujolais Villages; lots of fresh berry flavours, lovely soft mouthfeel and a clean finish. The lightness and gentle mouthfeel are sublime parting with just a nip of clean acidity on the finish. | {
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Northamptonshire's Joint Strategic Needs Assessment, or JSNA, is a process that looks at the current and future health, care and wellbeing needs of Northamptonshire residents to inform and guide the planning and commissioning of health, wellbeing and social care services.
The JSNA in Northamptonshire brings together information from many different sources and partners relating to the population of Northamptonshire.
The responsibility for compiling a JSNA is shared between Northamptonshire County Council and Nene and Corby Clinical Commissioning Groups via the Health and Wellbeing Board. The Department of Health has provided a statutory guidance document for JSNAs.
The JSNA takes information and data relating to the population, for example population numbers, levels of smoking, life expectancy and causes of mortality, and captures, collates, analyses and interprets this population-level data.
The process can be driven by looking at data; stakeholder, key informant, patient and service user views; and comparisons between and within different areas.
These are rapid summaries of the local situation for the top 10 Global Burden of Disease risk factors and consist of a 'Call to Action' data summary and Public Health high level strategic approach.
These plans group together linked factors and offer a snapshot of the size of the challenge, the need for action and the route map for a whole system approach to health outcome improvement.
There is clear evidence that breastfeeding offers health and social benefits to both mother and baby. These health benefits are sustained in the short and long term, thereby making breastfeeding a key public health issue.
Breast milk provides a baby with perfect nutrition and everything they need for growth and brain development. It also plays an important role in protecting against childhood obesity together with the development of asthma and diabetes and reducing childhood mortality.
In addition, mothers who breastfeed are less likely to develop pre-menopausal breast cancer, ovarian cancer and osteoporosis. They are also less likely to suffer from anaemia, brittle bone disease and are more likely to lose the weight they put on during pregnancy.
The UK Government describes a child as an individual of school age or younger, older individuals are referred to in this paper as wither a 'young person' or an 'over 16'.
The definition of a disability is taken from the Equalities Act (2010). The definition of Special Educational Needs is taken from the UK Government's SEND code of practice.
The main body of the document identifies a series of measures which can be used either as key performance indicators (KPIs) or as proxy indicators for different aspects of a child's life and environment.
It identifies areas of under-performance or concern, as well as gaps in intelligence and reporting. Where appropriate, it suggests next steps.
This is a refresh of data and indicators relating to children and young people and a comparison to previously published data.
The commentary and indicators have been measured against Northamptonshire's performance in the last available data period to ascertain if performance has improved or otherwise.
School profiles set out a vision for school nurses on public health matters and school performance in Northamptonshire. They help school nurses to identify gaps, challenges and opportunities for service improvement.
These profiles consist of two elements: Primary School Profiles and Secondary School Profiles, and are updated in August each year. The collection below is the latest update, August 2018.
A 2010 study by the Improving Health and Lives Learning Disabilities Observatory (IHaL) found that people with learning disabilities have poorer outcomes than their non-disabled peers and that these differences were, to an extent, avoidable. Outcomes for disabled adults are poorer when compared to the wider population in almost every manner.
Following the Winterbourne View Serious Case Review, the Northamptonshire Transforming Care Partnership was formed to focus in prevention, early intervention, keeping well, avoiding crisis and crisis support.
Continence has been described as the "most basic of needs" in the Francis report into failings of care in Mid Staffordshire. Issues surrounding continence can have a profound effect on those affected yet it is often ignored, whether due to embarrassment, a belief that it is too trivial to seek advice about, or the mistaken acceptance of it being part of ageing.
This has led to a scarcity of accurate information on prevalence of continence issues within populations. This needs assessment has been produced to advise on the current level of need within the adult population of Northamptonshire, and to project the expected level of need to enable effective planning of healthcare services.
This document takes a snapshot of the current population of older people in Northamptonshire in the second half of 2014, and then projects the growth anticipated in the next 15 years.
Wherever possible the data has also been presented at borough and district level. For the purpose of this JSNA chapter, the term 'older people' has been defined as those over the age of 65.
In some sections, data relating to a lower age group has been included, either by necessity or to inform, as today's 50-65 year olds are tomorrow's older people.
The purpose of this JSNA is to identify what is currently known about children and young people with mental ill health in the county, including forecasting statistics on future need; review what current services are available and what work has been undertaken to improve mental health; understand if these interventions are working effectively and efficiently, and make recommendations to address the gaps in the mental health service using evidence based interventions.
A large scale face-to-face survey carried out by M·E·L Research across the County. It is the first survey of its kind, commissioned by the County Council, with the aims to understand the mental wellbeing level of its adult population, and to further identify potential wellbeing inequalities existing in its local communities.
The ultimate goals of the research will be to use evidence to make recommendations to Northamptonshire Health and Wellbeing Board on improving the health and wellbeing of the population of Northamptonshire; responding to needs; informing services and targeting areas for improvement.
A local Diabetes profile was created in November 2016.
This Health Needs Assessment (HNA) was requested by the Director of Public Health and Wellbeing as an adjunct to the Northamptonshire Sexual Health Services Review completed in April 2015. The aim of this HNA is to provide more detailed information on the contraceptive needs of the population of reproductive age in Northamptonshire, map need against local service provision and provide recommendations on how best unmet need can be addressed, using a current evidence base and examples of national and local best practice.
This data briefing provides a summary of the population types in Northamptonshire who are deemed most likely to gamble.
The following documents comprise the smoking section of the Northamptonshire JSNA.
The Pharmaceutical Needs Assessment (PNA) looks at the health needs of the population of Northamptonshire, the current provision of pharmaceutical services by pharmacies, dispensing appliance contractors (DACs) and dispensing doctors within and outside of the county. It identifies any gaps in the provision of those services and any that may arise within the lifetime of the document.
An assessment of social isolation in Northamptonshire was undertaken in 2016 and uses CACI Acorn Customer Segmentation to map residents that may be vulnerable to isolation and loneliness. | {
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HIKING OVERVIEW
OUR FAVORITE HIKES
RMNP GUIDE
DOG HIKES
HIKING ESSENTIALS
TRAIL TAG IDEAS
EPNEWS TO DO
RESTAURANT LIST
ESTES PARK EVENTS
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A Bigger and Better Brownfield's
We are excited to announce the next series of improvements coming to Brownfield's! We are embarking on a two-phase, two-year expansion and improvement project. Phase one will include a new two level office building behind the store complete with office spaces, a staff breakroom, storage, and a carport. This will be completed in April of 2022. We will open for our 67th season as usual Memorial Day Weekend 2022. We will close for the 2022 season on October 1st next year to begin phase two of the project. Phase two will entail upgrading the interior of the store and expanding the retail floorspace. We will have new fitting rooms, new workspace, new storage, a new checkout counter, and a second entrance, among other improvements. The original part of the Brownfield's building was constructed in 1909, so we are working hard to ensure the store's strong future in Estes Park.
We are grateful for your decades of loyal support and look forward to serving you for many years to come. Follow us on social media to watch us become a bigger and better Brownfield's!
Back to Brownfield's Blog
350 East Elkhorn Ave.
[email protected]
Trip Advisor EXCELLENCE Award
Brownfield's was voted the favorite shopping destination in Estes Park. Trip Advisor Reviews
A Higher Calling
"Whatever you do, work at it with all your heart, as working for the Lord..." - Colossians 3:23
© 2022, Brownfield's. POS and Ecommerce by Shopify | {
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Jennifer McClure, CEO of DisruptHR and president of Unbridled Talent, has some advice for HR professionals seeking to take on broader business leadership roles.
Having spent 20 years as an HR professional, most recently with a global consumer products manufacturer, Jennifer McClure knows first-hand how difficult it can be to transcend the perceptions of HR and move into the C-suite, with two key challenges common across industries.
"We get a lot of bad press in Human Resources for being transactional and administrative, but I talk to many HR professionals who would love to add more value in their organisations, and they get pushback from their leaders when they try to do that," McClure says.
McClure shared with Inside SAP three ways HR professionals can start to take a more strategic role in their organisations.
Look at global trends in technology and how they can be applied to improve HR processes.
"Certainly there are a lot of developments in technology that even for people who are doing hourly jobs or manual labour, can make the employee experience better. What can we do to provide better pathways for communication for employees in remote areas? How can we use technology to make learning opportunities more accessible to employees?", McClure says.
Start training people for the jobs of the future.
Take every opportunity to understand the business.
"HR leaders really do need to know and understand the business, especially if they're trying to get people to see them differently – not as the administrative, transactional person, but more as the business partner and person involved in helping to set the direction and the future of the company," McClure says.
Even if you're not currently at the executive team meetings, HR leaders can still ask those who are about the top three challenges they and their team are facing in delivering on the business objectives – and then work on how HR can help them overcome those barriers.
"Once we start helping those functional leaders solve the problems they face or capture the opportunities, then number one, they're going to want us to be involved because we're helping them to be successful. Number two, they're going to see how HR really is involved in the business and not just constantly harping on them about performance evaluations due and benefits paperwork.
Jennifer McClure will share more insights on the future of HR and how to be successful in this climate at Mastering SAP in Melbourne on 13-15 March 2018. The event combines four conferences and communities – Financials, HR & Payroll, Business Analytics and Technologies. Find out more and register at www.masteringsapconference.com/aus/ – use the code InsideSAP200 to save $200 on the lowest available rate. | {
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Every year around Easter the Swiss city of Ouchy in association with the Francophone Association of Families with Children with Cancer creates a mosaic using colored eggs to draw attention to the problems these families have. Last year the theme of the mosaic was Titeuf, arguably the most succesful Swiss comic character ever. This year during the Easter Weekend (April 22-24) Navigation Square will be the scene of a mosaic featuring Tintin and Snowy.
According to the official Tintin Facebook page, a total number of 39.780 eggs will be necessary to recreate the image that originally graced the cover of Tintin Magazine on July 09, 1963.
This entry was posted in Comics and tagged Tintin, Titeuf. Bookmark the permalink. | {
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Why Did English Stop Changing? Let's Blame the Book of Common Prayer
I mentioned recently the grooves that the Book of Common Prayer had laid down in my brain -- as, it appears, it has done across much of the Anglosphere.
Americans may underestimate the extent of this one book's reach. In the United States, Thomas Cranmer's 16th-century prose would be known mainly to the handful of people who are Episcopal Church members -- and, of them, to the subset who use the "old style" prayer book. But in England it was part of mainstream culture as the language of the state-established Church of England. Something similar applies in other former British colonies. For instance, Australia has barely one-twelfth as many people as America does, but it has nearly twice as many Anglicans/ Episcopalians who would know Cranmer's prose.
A reader in Australia writes to speculate on some other effects of this 463-year-old book -- and that's the title page of the 1549 edition at right:
Literary scholarship has long debated the reasons for the dramatic slowdown in the evolution of English that began to occur around 1600, and which is easily observed by noticing that the English of Chaucer (1400) and of Shakespeare (1600) are far more different from each other than Shakespeare's is from today's, even though twice as much time has passed.
When I did a PhD in theatre, mostly Shakespeare, at Stanford, we often flattered ourselves with the idea that the veneration of Shakespeare from the late 1600s onward helped to slow the pace of evolution in spoken English. But of course the KJ Bible and the Book of Common Prayer are probably at least as responsible, and like Shakespeare, their power lay entirely in that they were spoken texts, guiding a partly illiterate audience through repetition. If Shakespeare can still claim a role, it's probably the effect of his lower-class characters and scenes, which are one of the few places where a colloquial English was set down in a form so authoritative that later centuries would want to understand it, and perhaps unconsciously hold on to some of its rhythms and textures.
The other common explanation, Gutenberg's printing press, is responsible for a longer-cycle of slowing, but can't really explain why the evolution of the spoken language slowed so dramatically after the late 1500s. It took 200 years for books and literacy to become so common that the spoken langauge began ceding to written language as the authoritative form.
By the Victorian era, the official English was the written one, and the change of the language slowed down even more. Dickens is 150 years gone -- enough time for a medieval language to change beyond comprehension -- but he scarcely requires footnotes.
I wonder, though, if language change is about to accelerate again, as more and more of our attention is drawn online to immediate text. It feels like the conditions that stabilized English in the last two centuries -- a canon, widespread education in "classics," a preponderance of deliberative written text over instantaneous converstation -- may be slipping away.
James Fallows is a staff writer at The Atlantic and has written for the magazine since the late 1970s. He has reported extensively from outside the United States and once worked as President Jimmy Carter's chief speechwriter. He and his wife, Deborah Fallows, are the authors of the 2018 book Our Towns: A 100,000-Mile Journey Into the Heart of America, which was a national best seller and is the basis of a forthcoming HBO documentary. | {
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Since I've been known to sneer at the work of novelist Jonathan Lethem, one might think I'd automatically disagree with a strong position he takes in a just-published Salon article (via Bookslut) about a major new architectural development in Brooklyn, New York.
In fact, I gave Lethem's open letter to Frank Gehry a fair read -- and I disagree with him, not automatically but completely nonetheless. He is concerned about a loud, ambitious new real estate project designed to change the landscape of downtown Brooklyn. Lethem thinks it's a bad idea and wants the acclaimed architect to pull out. Not in my backyard, huh, Lethem?
Brooklyn was never designed to be a quiet paradise for millionaires, which is what the neighborhoods that surround downtown Brooklyn are now. Brooklyn is a city, and skyscrapers are what happens to cities. We can only hope that the skyscrapers turn out to be good ones, and since Frank Gehry happens to be the most exciting architect in the world (the amazing Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain is his signature work) I think this new project might turn out quite well. The fact that it includes a major sports arena won't hurt Brooklyn's pride (or it's economy) either.
Until just over a century ago, Brooklyn was a separate city from New York (the five boroughs of New York City did not combine until 1898). Downtown Brooklyn was once a top commercial and social center with its own daily newspapers, its own theatre district, its own baseball team. It competed for business and attention (and usually lost) with "New York", which was the name of the larger city across the river, at the lower tip of Manhattan Island. Midtown Manhattan gradually began to supplant lower Manhattan as the center of the New York metropolis, and as the city's commercial core shifted north away from the bay and the harbors, Brooklyn faded from predominance. Downtown Brooklyn has since struggled to find its identity: as a site for cheap warehouse and factory space, a strip mall of government buildings and cheap clothing stores, a locale for Spike Lee movies. The homey neighborhoods around the downtown streets, meanwhile, have become wealthier and wealthier as Manhattan commuters continue to convert former slums into expensive co-ops.
My grandparents and parents were raised in Flatbush, Stuyvesant, Borough Park. Ironically, I live in Rego Park, Queens now. I can't afford to live in Brooklyn, unlike Jonathan Lethem (but then I didn't win a MacArthur Foundation Genius Grant, did I?). I go down to Montague Street and Prospect Park and the Brooklyn Heights Promenade all the time, though, and I'd like to live there if I could. I wouldn't mind a big Frank Gehry building as a neighbor either.
I somehow think the precious rows of brownstones that Jonathan Lethem loves so dearly -- with their quaint names like Pineapple Street and Pierrepont Street and their flower gardens and cozy corner cafes and their $2,000,000 plus price tags -- will survive Frank Gehry too. The project is designed to increase Brooklyn's visibility as a destination and a commercial core, rather than a residential suburb of Manhattan. We should not support this blindly -- but we should not reject it blindly either.
Lethem's article (which is not badly written -- I like phrases like "a gang of 16 towers") lists seven points against the continuation of the Frank Gehry/Bruce Ratner project, which I would like to briefly address, one by one.
1. Okay, so one of the buildings will be really big. Again, that's what skyscrapers generally are. That's sort of the whole idea.
2. I'm not convinced there's a smoking gun here. So the Ratner firm printed up some cheezy brochures. They are in the real estate business, after all. Brochures aren't usually expected to uphold high editorial standards.
3. MetroTech is just fine.
4. "What's saddest is how this lousy proposal exploits Brooklyn's residual low self-esteem, its hangover of inferiority. Does anyone doubt that in Manhattan such a thing would be shot down in a hot minute?" Umm ... again, Frank Gehry is the most original architect in the world. Lethem points to mockups and design projections that make the building look shoddy, but it seems these specific illustrations were chosen to serve that purpose. I challenge Jonathan Lethem to look into Frank Gehry's catalog and find examples of buildings Gehry has done that have not improved their surroundings.
5. Okay, I'll give Lethem that one. Eminent domain does not sound fair. However, this has always been a necessary part of urban planning.
6. Oh my god, whatever! We all love the Williamsburg Savings Bank Tower, Jonathan. The tower will be just fine with its new neighbor. Maybe they will even play together.
7. It figures that Lethem disses one of my favorite movies, Renaldo and Clara. What can I say? I just don't see eye to eye with this guy on anything.
At least Lethem's article keeps a lively pace and stakes a strong opinion. I think it's a better read than The Fortress of Solitude.
5 Responses to "Jonathan Lethem Protests Frank Gehry Building in Brooklyn"
Litkicks' Brooklyn NominatedLitkicks' Brooklyn should be awarded a MacArthur Foundation Foundation Genius Grant alone for the articles on this blog, non-inclusive of the other completed projects. How long will you hide your light under a bushel?
Ha, well, thanks, Warren. I keep waiting for the MacArthur Foundation to call.
Urban Design, Anyone?I'm glad you opened with the admission that you are a person who sneers at other people's accomplishments. It puts your entire screed into perspective. I'm also glad that you have (surprisingly!) judged yourself to have given Lethem's letter a fair read: there are few individuals who would so selflessly compliment their own judgment this way. Good for you!Do you live in Brooklyn? Specifically, do you live in Prospect Heights, Ft. Greene, Park Slope or Boerum Hill? (FYI, Pineapple Street and Pierpont Street are in Brooklyn Heights, over a mile away from this proposed development, which anyone with any knowledge of Brooklyn would know.) Oh, that's right, you live in Rego Park, Queens! (which is an absolutely nice neighborhood that would only be improved by a Scary Ghery-opolis, so I'm a little puzzled by all your sour-grapes about Lethem's good fortune in living in Brooklyn. Or is it the sour grapes about the Macarther grant? Whatever, those grapes are pretty sour!) I'm just wondering what about your perspective allows you to make pronouncements. I'm sure you're as well informed as Lethem, so you must have at least as many years as a resident as he does. And I'm sure you have completely researched the proposed development and must have a degree in urban planning to make your definitive assertions. But as you admit, you do not live anywhere close to this proposed development and somehow I suspect you do not know anything about urban design. "...a quiet paradise for millionaires, which is what the neighborhoods that surround downtown Brooklyn are now." Do you know what the median income is in the area around this proposed idiocy? Well of course you don't! That would take a little work to research and it's so much more convenient to spout sendentiously, isnt' it? The median family income for a family of four is $52,605. Yes, there are wealthier people, but they are very rare. And keep in mind that figure is the median income: think about how that figure gets skewed upwards by the presence of those few rich people. Then think about what Ratner is proposing: at least 4500 units for upper income households (your millionaires!) with the poor people pushed out. I agree with you that "Brooklyn was never designed to be a quiet paradise for millionaires..." So why are you in favor of a project that is designed to accomplish exactly that?"Skyscrapers are what happen to cities." Travel a little, why don't you. Been to Paris much? How about Berlin? Or London outside the 'New City"? How about Beijing? Or Copenhagen? Or Rome? Or Vienna? Skyscrapers are what happen to cities that don't protect themselves. Towers have to make sense in an environmental context as well as an urban engineering context, and as the recent Municipal Arts Society paper on the Atlantic Yards makes clear, this project simply fails on all counts."Metrotech is just fine." Well that about says it all. And leisure suits are haute couture.Overall your article would be much improved if you had done some research, exercised a little more thought, and a little less green-eyed monster about Jonathan Lethem.
Joe -- I did give the article a fair read. As you noted, I stated upfront that I am not a fan of JL's books, because this fact might be considered relevant to my evaluation. I think I handled this right -- not sure what you think I am handling wrong, in terms of impartiality.I did not set out to write a rant, and I did not use phrases like "which anyone with any knowledge of Brooklyn would know". But, since you started, I'll mention that it's Pierrepont Street, not Pierpont Street. Which anyone with any knowledge of Brooklyn should ... ahh, you get it.The sour grapes think re: the MacArthur grant was just a joke. I think you make good points about Paris and Copenhagen and other European cities that don't favor skyscrapers. However ... this is Brooklyn, and this is the U.S.A. The art of architecture involves matching a city's personality and public image, and in my opinion the Gehry proposal is loud, chaotic and disjointed (Lethem's comparison to the film 'Renaldo and Clara' is apt here), and this matches Brooklyn's personality.Your response didn't address my central point, though, which is that Brooklyn has in the 20th Century lost its identity as a destination and a core of commercial/social activity. It's become a suburb of Manhattan, and this proposal is meant to reverse this. It's an ambitious project designed to make a big difference in Brooklyn's identity and self-image. I'm not suggesting that we roll over and let real estate developers do whatever they want with our cities. I am suggesting that this particular proposal is a good and exciting one.
good showI welcome SmithBrotherJoe's comments, not because I agree with them or not, or even care anything about them. But I am very impressed that you publish them. It takes a true journalist to publish comments that are so vociferously, personally, and rudely in disagreement with one's own point of view. | {
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My plans are to go first weekend in November for Pirates Weekend. Would be fun to meet up! Also, I will be dressed up.
Bumping this for more of us Texans to get involved! I will defo be coming up to meet up with you May! I've known/talked to you a while back on my other names, but not too much on this name. So yeah have to meet up with you.
I know hun! Can't wait! | {
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My family and I need your help.Our toilets do nor flush adequately since March. We paid several plumbers to snake our toilets and sink. The problem remains. Finaly the plumbingfound that the water pressure is too low and they also ask us to inquiry about the last time the main surge was cleaned. Seems that our problem is the result of both situations. Our phone #661367-4708. Contact us. I am using this channel because it seems that you website changed completely during the year. Thanks. | {
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HeresTomWithTheWeather
Intentional Economics Day 1
I'm going to skip the prelude to the first evening. Air transportation is always an adventure. Needless to say, I made it to Naropa University in Boulder for the first evening of the three day conference on Intentional Economics with Bernard Lietaer. All attendees received a pre-publication copy of his new book, Of Human Wealth.
As Bernard was introduced by Dick Wagener, Dick explained that Bernard has been sick for the last 4 days and would need to speak softer than normal. He spoke softly but clearly.
What is intentional economics? Instead of assuming the right money system is in place, we ask "What is our objective?" Then, only after we figure that out do we design the system of money.
It's likely you have never heard of intentional economics. It's new, but the vested interests are not going to acknowledge it either.
Did you know that what's known as the Nobel Prize in Economics was not created by Alfred Nobel. Unlike the other prizes (physics, chemistry, etc.), the prize in economics was created by the Central Bank of Sweden. Bernard noted that Milton Friedman won the so-called "Nobel Prize" despite the fact that he was fantastically wrong when he said that stability would result from floating exchanges and it's probably a safe bet to say that the award would never be given for work on intentional economics. He recalled a conversation with another member when he was at the Bank of International Settlement in Basel (Are these the Gnomes of Basel?) where the other member said that the whole function of the BIS and the Central Banks was to keep the system like it is, not to improve it.
And that is crux of the problem with the world today. For all the humanity of charities and the billions of Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, they're still only addressing symptoms, not the system. Bernard notes "billions are spent addressing symptoms. We need to address the system." He said addressing the system would cost a small fraction of what it is costing to address the symptoms.
Later Bernard said "Don't expect the fed to solve the problem. You will or no one will."
Bernard made it clear that dollars aren't bad just like a screwdriver isn't bad. A screwdriver works well for one thing but you don't want to paint your car with it.
Bernard began his talk with the four quadrants of integral perspective from the work of Ken Wilber. I won't describe this because this is the first I've heard of it and I'll be hearing much more in the next few days.
Then, Bernard emphasized that "our money system is a projection of our collective unconscious." There will me more on this in the later sessions.
He said Buddhism is a philosophy, not a religion. Since 600BC, we have been trained in linear causality instead of mutual causality: at the same time, we both shape and are a product of society. He noted Heraclitus as one of the few philosophers who spoke of mutual causality.
"It's time to make money our servant instead of the other way around."
Bernard noted that there have been 68 major money crashes in the last 350 years and they all have the same pattern.
Bernard recalled the comments of former Fed Chairman Paul Volker from a year and a half ago that there was a 75% chance of a currency crisis in the United States within five years.
Bernard noted that Argentina was the IMF's poster child for following their prescriptions and they got clobbered.
He said that people need to realize that the Information Age means the end of the Industrial Age. When the Industrial Age came, it was France, the master of the Agrarian age that felt it the hardest first. Now, Japan(perennial recession since early 90's) and Germany(Euro-sclerosis), the masters of the Industrial Age, are the first hit. We're in the birth contraction phase and in denial of what's happening.
Bernard explained the difference between money and currency. What a central authority requires in payment of taxes, thereby imposing it as legal tender, is money. Taxes lock us into money. Money is the Yang. It promotes competition and scarcity created through hierarchy. Currency is whatever a community chooses as a medium of exchange, thereby accepting it as common tender. Social currency is the Yin.
Bernard, as he admitted, quickly went through the history of Western money, including the Federal Reserve Act being passed on Christmas Eve and Wilson, who was funded by the bankers, signing it just in time for WWI. And in 1971, "Nixon removes the fig leaf and there was nothing!"
Bernard noted that there's only been 2 radical technological changes in the 5000 year history of money. Paper money and electronic money. Paper money shifted the power of money creation from the sovereigns to the banking system. Will electronic money mean the end of the monopoly of bank debt money?
Bernard noted that while he was President of Belgium's Electronic Payment System, that his computing center had 1/18th of the power that the laptop running his powerpoint slides has. "Anyone can run their own financial system."
Then, Bernard covered material that is in The Future of Money, so I won't repeat that here.
Bernard said that because its market is so thin, gold is one of the easiest markets to manipulate.
Bernard also mentioned the book Short Circuit. He then said that we needed to have the given 28 page handout read for tomorrow morning.
# posted by herestomwiththeweather @ 7/07/2006 11:21:00 PM
I need a skill. I don't think anyone wants to trade with a bureaucrat.
I ain't got no currency.... :(
Well, I guess I could always....... nah.....
# posted by Ashley : 10:12 PM
I wonder if he will speak to the Ayn Rand view of money: as the most peaceful, civilized way for people in a free society to trade, replacing the former system of barter, even slavery of yourself to pay back something that money now allows you to use instead. something like that. i don't know yet of course what the future discussions will be as to something 'else' if anything else.
# posted by tryntje : 3:41 PM
Weblogsky
Duck and Gather
Ashley #2
Open Source Currency
Worldchanging Austin
Drapetomaniacs
Andy Payne
Strand3
Kaliya Hamlin
Douglas Rushkoff
Tao of Money
Beyond Money
Miss Rogue
Whurley
Factory Joe
Educated Guesswork
Pancho & Lefty from Austin Pickers 1984
Late Late Show 5/19/2006
Wings, Golf and Big Bend
Direct Deposit Considered Harmful Part 3
Direct Deposit Considered Harmful Part 1: Microcos...
Tony Blair's Big News & U.S. New Deal
Truthiness, even unto its innermost parts
Astrud Gilberto - The Girl From Ipanema [1964]
Email Spreading Resentment in America | {
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Memorandum: Executive Order 22-02 (Executive Order of Suspension) Governor Ron DeSantis Announces $3.5 Million for Wastewater System Improvements in Lake Butler
Governor Ron DeSantis Secures 15,000 Doses of Regeneron for Floridians
The Biden Administration continues to get in the way of lifesaving treatment for Floridians, allocating only half of the 30,000 additional doses requested by Governor DeSantis
TALLAHASSEE, Fla. – Today, Governor Ron DeSantis announced 15,000 doses of Regeneron have been secured for the people of Florida and will be immediately utilized to support new monoclonal antibody sites. Earlier this week, Governor DeSantis highlighted the importance of these lifesaving therapeutics and called on the Biden Administration to release its stranglehold on the supply of monoclonals and increase Florida's supply by at least 30,000 doses per week. In response to this pressure, the state of Florida had been notified that planning had begun in preparation of sending 30,000 more monoclonal antibody doses to Florida. Additionally, the Florida Division of Emergency Management even sent a letter to U.S. Health and Human Services offering logistical support to receive the additional doses as quickly as possible, including picking them up and driving them to Florida.
"But for the federal government's decision to restrict supply of monoclonal antibody treatments to Florida, my administration would have already opened additional monoclonal antibody treatment sites throughout the state," said Governor Ron DeSantis. "Before the Biden Administration seized control of the monoclonal supply after Florida pioneered its widespread use and demonstrated its efficacy, approximately 30,000 doses per week were being administered to Floridians, saving countless lives. We will rapidly deploy the 15,000 doses that we have now secured, but the Biden Administration is still obstructing the state of Florida's ability to manage our own supply of monoclonal antibodies and I will continue to seek additional doses for Floridians."
The Biden Administration commandeered the supply and distribution of monoclonal antibodies following Florida's successful deployment of the treatment last summer and drastically cut shipments of the treatments to the state. Now that the Biden Administration has partially acceded to Governor DeSantis' demands and released these additional 15,000 doses to the state, more Floridians will be able to receive early treatment.
This week, Governor Ron DeSantis announced that the state of Florida will be providing up to one million rapid tests as needed for residents of assisted living facilities and nursing homes. Governor DeSantis made the announcement during a visit to the Rehabilitation Center of the Palm Beaches where he met with leaders in the senior care industry and discussed the importance of allocating resources for high-value testing that prioritizes Florida's seniors, all of whom are eligible for monoclonal antibodies as well as other early treatments. | {
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package org.jboss.errai.marshalling.client.api;
import com.google.gwt.core.shared.GWT;
import org.jboss.errai.marshalling.client.Marshalling;
import org.jboss.errai.marshalling.client.api.json.EJObject;
import org.jboss.errai.marshalling.client.api.json.EJValue;
import org.jboss.errai.marshalling.client.marshallers.QualifyingMarshallerWrapper;
public class Marshaller_for_java_lang_StringIndexOutOfBoundsException_Impl implements GeneratedMarshaller<StringIndexOutOfBoundsException> {
private StringIndexOutOfBoundsException[] EMPTY_ARRAY = new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException[0];
private Marshaller<String> java_lang_String = Marshalling.getMarshaller(String.class);
private Marshaller<Throwable> java_lang_Throwable = null;
private Marshaller<StackTraceElement[]> arrayOf_java_lang_StackTraceElement_D1 = null;
abstract class Marshaller_for_arrayOf_java_lang_StackTraceElement_D1 implements GeneratedMarshaller { }
public StringIndexOutOfBoundsException[] getEmptyArray() {
return EMPTY_ARRAY;
}
public StringIndexOutOfBoundsException demarshall(EJValue a0, MarshallingSession a1) {
lazyInit();
EJObject obj = a0.isObject();
if (obj == null) {
return null;
}
String objId = obj.get("^ObjectID").isString().stringValue();
if (a1.hasObject(objId)) {
return a1.getObject(StringIndexOutOfBoundsException.class, objId);
}
final String c0 = java_lang_String.demarshall(obj.get("message"), a1);
StringIndexOutOfBoundsException entity = new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(c0);
a1.recordObject(objId, entity);
if ((obj.containsKey("cause")) && (!obj.get("cause").isNull())) {
entity.initCause(java_lang_Throwable.demarshall(obj.get("cause"), a1));
}
if ((obj.containsKey("stackTrace")) && (!obj.get("stackTrace").isNull())) {
entity.setStackTrace(arrayOf_java_lang_StackTraceElement_D1.demarshall(obj.get("stackTrace"), a1));
}
return entity;
}
public String marshall(StringIndexOutOfBoundsException a0, MarshallingSession a1) {
lazyInit();
if (a0 == null) {
return "null";
}
final boolean ref = a1.hasObject(a0);
final StringBuilder json = new StringBuilder("{\"^EncodedType\":\"java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException\",\"^ObjectID\"");
json.append(":\"").append(a1.getObject(a0)).append("\"");
if (ref) {
return json.append("}").toString();
}
return json.append(",").append("\"stackTrace\":").append(arrayOf_java_lang_StackTraceElement_D1.marshall(a0.getStackTrace(), a1)).append(",").append("\"message\":").append(java_lang_String.marshall(a0.getMessage(), a1)).append(",").append("\"cause\":").append(java_lang_Throwable.marshall(a0.getCause(), a1)).append("}").toString();
}
private void lazyInit() {
if (java_lang_Throwable == null) {
java_lang_Throwable = Marshalling.getMarshaller(Throwable.class);
}
if (arrayOf_java_lang_StackTraceElement_D1 == null) {
arrayOf_java_lang_StackTraceElement_D1 = Marshalling.getMarshaller(StackTraceElement[].class, new DeferredMarshallerCreationCallback<StackTraceElement[]>() {
public Marshaller<StackTraceElement[]> create(Class type) {
return new QualifyingMarshallerWrapper((Marshaller) GWT.create(Marshaller_for_arrayOf_java_lang_StackTraceElement_D1.class), StackTraceElement[].class);
}
});
}
}
} | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
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In The Public Eye
Putnam's MARKEM and the Transition to Dover
Maybe we have to start by thinking about how we value ourselves and how we value Hammelburg – from Race to the Bottom (2004) by John Hackett, p.351
This fictional account of a family firm in the Midwest was written by John Hackett, the former CFO of Cummins Engine, and the story evokes the Putnam family firm Markem and the tight relationship that Markem had with the Keene community.
In the Public Eye: Putnam's MARKEM and the Transition to Dover
MARKEM was and even still continues to be an anomaly. Until 2006, the industrial printing company was a private, family owned business whose owners resided in the same city as many of its workers, Keene, New Hampshire. Focusing on doing what was best for the company and community as a whole, MARKEM held the business model of old, yet continued to evolve and expand to keep up with the changing times. Sailing through the business world while others sank in debt, MARKEM and the Putnam family that controlled it were well known in the City of Keene. That's when things changed. With its purchase by Dover in 2006, MARKEM moved from the private to the public realm. With both pros and cons coming out of the acquisition, it is safe to say that no matter your opinion on the matter, Putnam's MARKEM and its sale to Dover was a major factor in both the company as well as Keene itself.
Through much of its lifetime, MARKEM has been a family. Co-CEO James Putnam's earliest memory was with his brothers and Grandfather during the construction of the Congress St. location. From a childhood playing at the work-site, to running the company with his brother Tom, James was part of MARKEM's life-blood.
Tom and James Putnam at Markem's Congress St. location in 2002.
The family connection however, wasn't just limited to the Putnams. Starting in the 1970's, people were more likely to make investments in or purchase a company with more debt and less equity. By using money that wasn't your own, it was much easier make more returns with less risk. With this however, much of the profits of the company that had once gone to wages, benefits, and paid vacations now went to paying off debt. Owners and workers got less of the profit share, while bankers made a fortune from the interest. For the US as a whole, between 1980 and 2000, a considerable share of profits from non-financial corporations was going to pay off interest, as shown in the graph below.
MARKEM however, didn't take out major debt it couldn't repay for the sake of useless acquisitions. Taking advantage of Free Trade through the international market in locations like Japan, while offering generous programs to allow employees to purchase a computer to better their skills in the digital revolution and making huge philanthropic contributions in Keene, MARKEM and its workers managed to maneuver over the pitfalls of the changing age.
In our class, we studied a fictional family firm through a book written by the CFO of Cummins Engine, John Hackett, Race to the Bottom (2004). Hackett suggested in the book that family firms with strong ties locally are the ones that create a strong middle class community. Like the fictional firm in the book, the Putnam's Markem made smart purchases and did its best to give back to the very people that supported the company. In this way, Markem held itself to a standard above the greedy corporate stereotype. Its CEO's were truly in it for the long haul, refusing to treat their company simply as another name on a glowing resume.
Even if the firm had stayed in family hands, the Putnam brothers would have had to make the firm a much larger multinational than it already was. This would have involved taking out debt, cutting costs, and laying off employees to make debt service payments as they grew the company. The Putnam family instead decided to sell to a company with bigger pockets than its own: Dover.
The acquisition was bitter-sweet for some. People in Keene recognized that the family run model was coming to an end, and employees noticed that things were changing. In a frank conversation, James Putnam mentioned that that he and his brother Tom's original hope was to keep the business family owned, and that he was a bit disappointed about Dover's decision to move MARKEM's headquarters out of Keene. Even so, he strongly supports the sale and feels that Dover has and continues to do great things for the community, including maintaining philanthropy to organizations like the United Way.
An easy benefit of the Dover sale would be the fact MARKEM still exists and is thriving, unlike many of the companies of its day and age. In an age where industry is often thought to have fallen from grace, MARKEM seems to be doing quite well. It's true that the family model no longer is the force it used to be, an effect of globalization that expands in the modern age. With this however, companies will hopefully organize themselves into a better manner that can benefit both themselves, their workers, and the communities that contain them.
https://economistgonewild.wordpress.com/
(Left to Right) Frederick Putnam, Mr. C. A. Putnam, Thomas Putnam and James Putnam at the breaking ground of MARKEM's Congress St. location around 1950. This is one of James Putnam's earliest memories.
James Putnam on the photo
I was present when they broke ground on the new location at Congress St. It was about 1950. I don't really have a very clear memory of that but there's a picture of me there by the shovel as its being put into the ground together with a couple of my brothers and my father, and grandfather. So that would have been around 1950, and then later, somewhat later in the early 50's we used to go there on Saturdays, my dad would go down to work, and we'd go down there Saturdays to play. And we used to get into trouble with the departments because we would have some accidents. In fact, I broke my ankle when a forklift truck fell over on my ankle. Luckily it wasn't crushed, early on when I was 10.
(Left to Right) Tom Putnam and James Putnam at MARKEM's Congress St location in 2002. This photo's important because it shows how close James and Tom had to be as Co-CEO's, even sharing a conference table.
James Putnam on sharing an office with his brother
Most of the time we were Co-CEO's, we shared the same office. We had a rather large space and had our own private cubicle if you will, but we shared the same conference table in the middle of this place.
MARKEM in the Keene State Sentinel (2006)
James Putnam on overseas competition
For many years, in the early years of the company, my dad said we were lucky because we don't have any real competitors because we were really specialized, but that changed over time. A number of our competitors were companies from other countries. There was a major one in England, there was a major one in France. The Chinese were copying our equipment, so it quite a challenge to overcome those competitive forces. I think that's what you'd be referring to for those international pressures. Today, there's all this talk of free trade or not free trade and tariffs. This period that we were leading the company was very much a period of free trade and we benefited very much from that and believed in it. It was good for Markem and its employees.
James Putnam on the Dover Sale
Markem was at its strongest and most successful about the same time we sold the company, and those two things are connected. At the time, the company was very successful around the world and there were many opportunities to do justice to the company, to our employees, and our customers. We would say to the community and to the family that the right thing to do was to find a company that had deeper pockets then our family did, that could invest in the company without putting it at risk. My brother and I often said if the two of us owned the company, we might well have tried to take it public or borrow the needed money to make the additional investments the company needed to expand in Europe and in Asia beyond what it had already. We would have taken that risk, but since the company was widely owned within the family, virtually all members of the family owned part of the company, they were not all willing to take those risks and they saw the success of the company. They were very supportive of us. We did not have a family revolution that said you gotta sell the company so we can make a lot of money. That wasn't it. But it was really more trying to be responsible owners and trying to find a good new home for the company where there would be ample financial resources to make additional investments.
GS Precision vs "Modern Times"
Last week, our class watched Modern Times, a film made in 1936 about human relationships with machines in factories, and then visited G.S. Precision, a machine shop located in Keene, NH.
Comparing the factory we visited to the one from the film is like comparing apples to oranges. Sure, they're both factories, but the function/treatment of the employees as well as the role of supervisors are extremely different.
In the film, the employee is essentially a machine cog. They're ignored when functioning, battered into working shape when not efficient enough, and disposed of when they can no longer keep up with the job. They're treatment is satirized in one scene when Chaplin literally malfunctions, his arms continuing to jerk like a machine that won't turn off. The supervisors are more like machinists themselves, torqueing employees into order as if they we're just another part. From this, the respect between employee and supervisor is based in pay and efficiency; anything beyond that holds an element of disdain.
The factory we visited on the other hand, was much more comforting. Employees we're skilled, and therefore had more of a purpose. Unlike the movie factory, where a trained animal could likely pick up the task, workers at GS Precision knew that their skill separated them from others, for without their technological expertise, the factory simply wouldn't function. They made specialty parts as well, making them feel less like another cog. In short, no random kid off the street could just waltz in and take their place. With this, the supervisors had an element of respect for the workers. They couldn't just mentally batter them, for the workers had the skill to get another job and wouldn't be as easy to replace. The supervisors and workers had to work for a mutual benefit that assisted them and the company, which is why I feel GS Precision seemed to run like a well-oiled machine.
James Putnam on MARKEM'S switch from private to publicly owned and Dover.
Very kind people said that they wish that we were still running the company. On the other hand, most of the people that I have talked with have been very satisfied with the way that Dover's been running the company. They have invested, they've taken advantage of the large scale they have now. I had hoped Dover would maintain headquarters for the Markem business in Keene, and they chose not to. That was disappointing to me and some of the others that were involved in that, and were working for the company. It was about a year after they acquired the company that they decided not to have the headquarters here. Those things happen. One of the aspects of the sale was that Dover agreed to continue to have a strong budget for philanthropy like the United Way, and even now as the time of that has gone by, they're still matching all the grants, all the United Way gifts just the way that Markem did.
MARKEM employee on the company's switch from private to publicly owned.
It's a public company instead of a private company that's one thing, the other piece is that because it's owned by Dover Corporation, Dover Corporation owns probably I'm going to estimate or guess 20-30 companies over the world. So it grew in order of magnitude, it grew over 10 times like that (snaps) and those two things, public company instead of private, they're looking for bottom lines so you gotta satisfy stockholders and you also have to feed in to again a central company that is 10 times bigger, in a sense its 10 times bigger. So that does change those dynamics, probably a reason for these much more formalized processes.
Race to the Bottom
"Maybe we have to start by thinking about how we value ourselves and how we value Hammelburg" – p.351
Race to the Bottom (2004) is an account of how the relationship between a family firm changes between 1970 and 2000. Though the story is fiction, the author John Hackett was CFO of Cummins Engine for decades, and has insights that our class is using to understand some of the changes in Keene, NH over the same time period.
The quote I've used above is the book's thought provoking ending. In it, Jimmie, a union member and spokesperson, is trying to find what steps to take after finding out that corrupt financial executives and members of the board of his company fraudulently wasted away both much of the profits and employee retirement program. At face value, this quote carries weight in discussion on the state of business and selfishness/corruption, but it really serves a purpose in the change of how business has changed from a local, personal system to a colder, corporate model.
In the book, there were two major and contrasting CEO's: J.W. Rieff and Adam Fulton. For J.W., Hammelburg was just as vital as the company. He made sure that the community received assistance, encouraged a union, and did his best to keep the company prosperous and functioning. Adam on the other hand, simply cared about himself. Unhappy of the location and wanting to move on to bigger and better things, he had the company unnecessarily spend on buying out other companies so he could be in Fortune 500, then allowed for an irresponsible union plea just to prevent conflict so he could look good and get a better job.
Similar to the dedicated executive in the book J.W. Rieff and those that came before him, the Putnams had and continue to have a major connection to the City of Keene. Instead of going the route of personal status, the Putnam's did what they thought was best for the business, and therefore, the employees and Keene. They had success in buying companies that would suit the business' needs like laser printing, thermal transfer printing, and inkjet companies, instead of just diversifying for the sake of quick return stock revenue. Also, Jim Putnam, even after the sale of Markem, continues to live in Keene and be a source of philanthropy and assistance to the community as a whole. In other words, the Putnam's as a whole have not been a Fulton or Kramer type, interested in power or money at the expense of others, which is why they were successful in building and maintaining their business in the manner to which they did.
Meeting James Putnam
I was unsure of what to expect during my first encounter with James Putnam. Having an encounter with someone whose name was part of my daily routine when I lived next to the Putnam theater is a bit overpowering at first glance. Surprisingly however, before this semester, the name itself was all I knew about both the person and the family. Finding out that its roots in Keene's heritage as well as its success intrigued me, which motivated me to meet one of the figures behind it all.
Meeting James Putnam was rather surprising. Hearing the stories of how he was involved with such a massively successful business, the image of a stern, suit and tie wearing individual whom had a disdain for wasted time came into my head. This however, couldn't be farther from the truth. A cordial man whom you'd place as a therapist before a tycoon, it was quickly apparent that Mr. Putnam had a genuine care for more than just his business, but both history and the community as a whole. I hope I can further display that in this blog. | {
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Empress Liang Na
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Liang Na (Chinese: ; 116-150), formally Empress Shunlie (?, literally "the kind and achieving empress"), was an empress during the Han Dynasty. Her husband was Emperor Shun of Han. She later served as regent for his son Emperor Chong, and the two subsequent emperors from collateral lines, Emperor Zhi and Emperor Huan. As empress dowager and regent, she appeared to be diligent and honest, but she overly trusted her violent and corrupt brother Liang Ji, whose autocratic nature would eventually draw a coup d'etat from Emperor Huan after Empress Dowager Liang's death, leading to the destruction of the Liang clan.
Family background and marriage to Emperor Shun
The future empress was born in 116. Her father was Liang Shang ()--an honest official who was also the Marquess of Chengshi, being the grandson of a brother of Consort Liang, the mother of Emperor He. Liang Na was described as diligent in handcraft and sewing, as well as history and the Confucian classics, as a child.
In 128, when she was 12, both she and her aunt were selected to be Emperor Shun's imperial consorts. (Emperor Shun was 13.) She was a favored consort, but she often declined offers to have sexual relations with the emperor, reasoning that an emperor needs to be equitable and give opportunities to other consorts. Emperor Shun became impressed with her greatly. In 131, when he was considering creating an empress, he initially considered asking the gods for guidance and drawing lots from between four of his favorites, but after officials discouraged him from drawing lots, he considered Consort Liang most virtuous, so created her empress in early 132.
As empress
As empress, Empress Liang continued to show humility, and did not interfere significantly in her husband's administration. Emperor Shun, however, became very trustful of her relatives, and her father Liang Shang was quickly promoted repeatedly, eventually becoming Grand Marshal (). Liang Shang was a mild-mannered and honest man, although lacking in abilities. He did, however, trust other capable and honest officials, and during his term of office, the political scene was a lot cleaner than before. Eventually, Empress Liang's brothers Liang Ji and Liang Buyi () also became key officials.
In 141, Liang Shang died, and Emperor Shun, in an ill-advised move, gave his position to Liang Ji. Liang Ji would, as the years go by, stamp out all dissent and position himself as the most powerful individual in the imperial administration.
Throughout her husband's reign, Empress Liang continued to be a favorite of Emperor Shun's, but she never bore a son for him. Emperor Shun was only known to have had one son--Liu Bing (), born to Consort Yu in 143. In 144, as Emperor Shun was growing ill, he created the toddler crown prince. He died four months later, and Crown Prince Bing succeeded to the throne as Emperor Chong. Empress Liang, now empress dowager, served as regent.
As regent for Emperors Chong and Zhi
Empress Dowager Liang appeared to be diligent in governing over the empire, and she trusted several key officials with integrity to advise her on important affairs. However, she also trusted her brother Liang Ji greatly, and Liang used her position to further consolidate his own. However, she was willing to go against his advice on a number of occasions, and she, for example, protected the honest official Li Gu () against Liang Ji's demands to execute Li, in 145.
In 145, the young Emperor Chong died, and in an effort to be open to people, Empress Dowager Liang announced his death openly immediately. She summoned the young emperor's third cousins Liu Suan (), the Prince of Qinghe, and Liu Zuan (), the son of Liu Hong () the Prince of Bohai, to the capital Luoyang, to be examined as potential successors. Prince Suan was probably an adult, and was described as solemn and proper, and the key officials largely favored him. However, Liang Ji wanted a young emperor whom he could control, so he convinced Empress Dowager Liang to make the seven-year-old Liu Zuan emperor (as Emperor Zhi). Empress Dowager Liang continued to serve as regent.
In 146, after the young Emperor Zhi showed signs that he was already cognizant of Liang Ji's corruption and offended Liang Ji by openly calling him "an arrogant general," Liang Ji had him poisoned, apparently without Empress Dowager Liang's knowledge. The key officials again largely favored Prince Suan as successor, but Liang Ji again vetoed their wishes, and instead persuaded Empress Dowager Liang to make the 14-year-old Liu Zhi (), the Marquess of Liwu, who was betrothed to Empress Dowager Liang and Liang Ji's sister Liang Nüying, emperor (as Emperor Huan). Empress Dowager Liang continued to serve as regent.
As regent for Emperor Huan
Serving as regent for Emperor Huan, Empress Dowager Liang largely continued her policies as before, but Liang Ji became ever more powerful and was able to finally pushed Li Gu out of the government in 146 after Li Gu had publicly opposed Emperor Huan's ascension.
In 147, Emperor Huan married Empress Dowager Liang's sister Liang Nüying and created her empress. Later that year, Liang Ji falsely accused Li Gu and Prince Suan of a conspiracy to start a military rebellion. Prince Suan was demoted to be Marquess of Weishi, and he committed suicide. Li, and another key official who opposed Liang Ji, Du Qiao (), were executed.
In 150, Empress Dowager Liang announced that she was stepping down as regent and returning imperial authorities to Emperor Huan. She died later that year and was buried with her husband Emperor Shun. However, Liang Ji remained in effective control of government and now, without his sister to curb his power, became ever more violent and corrupt. This eventually drew a reaction from Emperor Huan, who conspired with eunuchs to overthrow Liang Ji in a coup d'état in 159. The Liang clan was slaughtered.
Book of Later Han, vol. 10, part 2.
Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 51, 52, 53, 54.
Chinese royalty
Empress Yan Ji Empress of Eastern Han Dynasty
Empress Liang Nüying
Empress_Liang_Na | {
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Return to the Department of Mathematics .
The Department of Mathematics is not accepting applications or matriculating new graduate students into the Ph.D. program beyond the fall 2019 term. The information below is for reference purposes only and does not constitute an intent to consider or admit new students beyond the fall 2019 term.
The Ph.D. program in mathematics provides students with in-depth knowledge in a chosen field of mathematics, opportunities to expand this specialization into other scientific and applied disciplines, and preparation suited for careers in academia, government, or the private sector.
Admission to the program requires a positive evaluation from both the mathematics graduate program advisor as well as at least one additional mathematics faculty member that might potentially serve as the supervising advisor. If the applicant has expressed a desire to pursue interdisciplinary work, then, in addition to the above requirement, a positive evaluation is also required from the partner discipline graduate program advisor and a potential partner discipline co-advisor.
To be admissible to the Ph.D. program in mathematics, applicants must submit a satisfactory official GRE score and satisfy all Graduate School requirements for admission and must show exceptional promise to do independent research in mathematics and its applications. Strong letters of recommendation are essential to any positive admission decision.
Admission to the program will be open not only to candidates with an undergraduate degree in mathematics, but also to candidates with a degree in a relevant application area where mathematics is an essential ingredient, who have an acceptable knowledge of mathematics and are determined to expand this knowledge with a view to applying it in a partner discipline.
For students without a master's degree, coursework for the Ph.D. in mathematics consists of 72 credit hours to be made up of a minimum of 48 credit hours of elective courses, independent study, and directed doctoral reading, and a minimum of 18 credit hours of mathematics doctoral dissertation. For students already holding a master's degree, a variable number of hours may be applied toward the Ph.D. degree, as determined by the Departmental Graduate Committee and approved by the Graduate School.
Students enrolled in the program with a partner discipline must take a minimum of 12 and up to a maximum of 24 credit hours in courses with a high mathematical content from outside the Department of Mathematics , for example (depending on the chosen partner discipline) in computer science, chemical/mechanical/petroleum engineering, physics/biology, bioinformatics/biostatistics, psychology, operations research/finance/economics. Students whose dissertation research is primarily within mathematics (i.e. not essentially interdisciplinary) may take up to 15 credit hours in courses from outside the Department of Mathematics . Such courses must be approved by the advisor.
No more than 15 hours of 6000-level courses, approved by the advisor, can be used for the degree.
Up to 12 credit hours of graduate level work beyond the master's degree from a recognized research institution taken prior to enrollment in the doctoral program may be transferred with approval by the Advisory Committee, and the Graduate School.
Students in the Ph.D. program will be advised initially by the graduate advisor for mathematics. The student must select a research area and a supervising research advisor, and, if appropriate, co-advisors, by the end of the second semester after enrollment in the program. The supervising advisor must be a member of the mathematics graduate faculty. The student, after consultation with the supervising advisor and co-advisors, will recommend the other members of the advisory committee to the Dean of the Graduate School by the end of the third semester of enrollment. The advisory committee must have at least four graduate faculty members, consisting of at least two members from the Department of Mathematics and one member from outside the department. One member of the advisory committee may be a qualified expert from outside the university. At least half of the committee must be full time mathematics graduate faculty members at the University of Tulsa. The advisory committee approves the dissertation and administers the final oral examination.
Qualifying Examinations
Following successful completion of the course requirements and the selection of a supervising advisor and/or co-advisor, and not later than 30 months after entering the program, a student must show competency for admission to Ph.D. candidacy by passing a set of three written qualifying examinations. Students entering the program with a master's degree will take these examinations within 20 months. The written examinations will consist of questions submitted by the departmental graduate faculty and will be evaluated by them. Two of these examinations will be in mathematics, to be selected, as appropriate, from among the departmental areas of expertise that include analysis, numerical analysis, geometry/topology, statistics, and biomathematics. For students who choose to complete the program exclusively in mathematics, the third exam will be on specialized material related to the dissertation topic, as decided by the research advisor or the advisory committee. For students involved with a partner discipline, the third examination will be in that discipline. In the event of failure, the failed sections may be retaken once.
After passing the qualifying examination, subject to approval by the Dean of the Graduate School, Ph.D. students submit and defend a research proposal on their intended dissertation topic before the end of the semester following the qualifying examination. The proposal is presented orally before the Advisory Committee in a forum open to any students or faculty who wish to attend.
Ph.D. candidates must write dissertations on the results of their research, thus demonstrating their ability to conduct independent and original investigation in the selected area of specialization. Since this is a mathematics degree, the Ph.D. dissertation must contain an appropriate amount of original mathematical content. Candidates are expected to make adequate progress toward their degree each semester that they are enrolled in the program. The dissertation must follow the general procedures and format approved by the Graduate School and must be presented to the full advisory committee for review and examination.
Final Oral Examination
Each Ph.D. candidate will present a seminar on his/her research to the university community, followed by a final oral examination before the advisory committee. The examination will include a defense of the dissertation and questioning in areas related to the research. Upon acceptance of the dissertation and successful completion of the oral examination, the advisory committee will recommend the candidate to the Dean of the Graduate School for the award of the degree of Ph.D. in mathematics.
All bulletins © 2020 University of Tulsa. Powered by the Acalog™ Academic Catalog Management System™ (ACMS™). | {
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K-12 Schools Herkimer County
Central Valley Central School District at Ilion-Mohawk
Central Valley Academy
Central Valley Academy is a public school located in Ilion, NY. It has 614 students in grades 9-12 with a student-teacher ratio of 13 to 1. According to state test scores, 87% of students are at least proficient in math and 92% in reading.
Compare Central Valley Academy to Other Schools
cvalleycsd.org
111 Frederick St
Ilion, NY 13357
About Central Valley Academy...
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Central Valley Academy Rankings
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Herkimer County Community College
SUNY Mohawk Valley Community College
More About Central Valley Academy Academics
1048 State Highway 5 S
259 E Clark St
129 Barringer Rd
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Read More About Ilion
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Dodgeball tournament for the American Heart Assoc.
Write a review to add yours.Review Central Valley Academy
of students and parents agree that the teachers give engaging lessons.3 responses
of students and parents agree that the teachers genuinely care about the students.3 responses
of students and parents agree that the teachers adequately lead and control the classroom.3 responses
of students and parents agree that there are plenty of clubs and organizations for students to get involved in.4 responses
of students and parents agree that clubs and organizations get the funding they need.4 responses
of students and parents agree that lots of students participate in clubs and organizations.4 responses
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Central Valley Academy Reviews
If you are a middle school (7-8 grade) student here, you will be treated like garbage by the high school and their administration. There are so many rules for 7th and 8th grade students that don't apply to high schoolers. The school's facilities are great, but you have to obtain permission to use them, which is understandable, but it will almost always be denied. Once, for a Student Council meeting, the teacher booked the first meeting, a month into the school year, on the 1st day. We were scheduled from 2:30 to 3 and at 2:55, the group scheduled at 3 for the LGI was rushing us to leave. School dances must be conducted at the elementary school, because the principal won't let them happen at CVA. Everything else is making this a better review
Middle School Student
Start Your Review of Central Valley Academy
The school overall is pretty average. Some of the teachers care about your future and work to prepare you for it, but others couldn't care less. There isn't really a focus on being academically successful. Most students took the "easy way out" and joined the easiest classes for the easy-A. The Honors students weren't necessarily smarter, they were just more resourceful. Only a few students were really invested, only a few teachers were invested; it was somewhat of a joke, honestly. There is a great deal of diversity in the classes offered, though, but not much diversity in the students. There were a handful of after school clubs and they would go on some pretty cool trips.
I moved because when the classes are too big, its impossible to get extra help, or teacher one on one. Bullying was never taken seriously. Worst few years I had there. The merge was the worst thing the districts did, cant imagine if it were all four schools like planned. | {
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Q: Networking starts up but interface has no IP I have a box that is supposed to run headless.
When I boot and manually run /etc/init.d/networking everything starts fine.
When I add it to my startup scripts (/etc/rcS.d) as placed by sysv-rc-conf the network starts up OK. ifconfig shows everything is working right, except for some reason there is no IP assigned to the interface.
PS: These are statically assigned addresses.
A: Configure manually the network interfaces,
network interfaces configuration stored in:
/etc/network/interfaces
Here you can configure interface to use DHCP or assign static ip address:
DHCP:
iface eth0 inet dhcp
static:
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.2.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.2.0
broadcast 192.168.2.255
gateway 192.168.2.1
dns-nameservers 192.168.2.1
see more config options in man page:
man interfaces
A: In the last case create a network setup script like:
#!/bin/bash
ifconfig eth0 192.168.2.2
route add default gw 192.168.2.1
echo "nameserver 192.168.2.1" > /etc/resvolv.conf
and place to /etc/rcX.d/99netstart
and add permisson to run
chmod 700 /etc/rcX.d/99netstart
replace the IPs for your configuration
and in "rcX.d" the X for the runlevel hat you use (if you not modified, it is 2 ).
A: For a CentOS/Fedora/Redhat variant OS ensure you have the lines in the file
/etc/sysconfig/network-script/ifcfg-interfacename:
NM_CONTROLLED=no
ONBOOT=yes
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Creates an action from a serialized descriptor and adds the action to a registry.
Interface for classes that can persist ControllerActions.
Provides ActionSaver and ActionLoader classes for saving and loading a ControllerAction.
Interface for classes that want to perform some custom initialization of the runtime context.
Interface for classes that need to be notified if a scenario has changed.
Interface for classes that want to add additional functionality to the creation of a scenario file.
Encapsulates an action entry in a scenario.xml file.
XStream converter for simphony descriptors.
XStream converter for a FastMethod.
Encapsulates a repast simphony scenario.
Event used to convey data about a scenario change.
Support class for registering ScenarioChagedListeners and firing scenario changed events.
Initializes the classpath for a scenario from the user patn file.
Parses a scenario.xml file and loads the serialized controller actions into a ControllerRegistry.
Loads a scenario, setting up the user classpath, action tree, parameters, etc.
Saves a scenario, that is, this serializes the scenario action tree.
Provides access to the scenario directory.
Initializes watchers using scenario model file data.
Exception thrown during scenario loading. | {
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Colour is the most visual aspect of any room especially in the kitchen and used effectively can create atmosphere, reflect your personality and be a highlight in your home.
Choosing colour for any project can be a time consuming and sometimes stressful experience because colour is one of the most visual aspect of any room especially the kitchen which often misses out on a daring decor that may be evident in the other areas of your home.
Because Kenwood Kitchens supplies custom kitchen solutions we are not restricted to any one colour range or specific product. So through expert design and clever use of colour we can create a kitchen full of atmosphere, reflect your personality, the latest trends and highlight the design of your kitchen. Of course colour goes hand-in-hand with materials as they affect light diffusion throughout a room and the overall look of a space.
Use lighter colours and reflective materials such as high gloss materials to open up space in the kitchen.
Co-ordinate walls and trims with subtle changes to give interest to your kitchen.
For a warmer atmosphere combine light coloured stone, possibly in your benchtop.
Visit our kitchen showroom and view our endless range of door styles, finishes & colours. | {
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Amphoe Raman (Thais: รามัน) is een district in de provincie Yala. De hoofdstad van het district is de gelijknamige plaats Raman. Het is verdeeld in 16 gemeenten (tambon):
Geschiedenis
Raman was een van de staten waarin het koninkrijk Pattani opgesplitst werd en later werd het een zelfstandige provincie. Na verschillende hervormingen werd het bij de provincie Yala gevoegd.
Raman
Yala (provincie) | {
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If you want to create some elegance and additionally romantic endeavors to your residence, then this fantastic Entry Table With Storage graphic stock will help you. Or perhaps a glance that you want is modern or typical, that designs that shown by Entry Table With Storage pic collection works perfectly. Your types that suggested by Entry Table With Storage snapshot collection usually are endless and be accepted as preferred opportunities in this yr. By means of a thought from this amazing Entry Table With Storage photograph collection to your dwelling, it signifies everyone create a cool home. Actually, your home might give off a luxurious ambiance which will boost resell cost. The facts that one could see with Entry Table With Storage photograph gallery will aid you to develop a good check. Entry Table With Storage snapshot gallery will also allow you to prepare create a comfy in addition to excellent dwelling, thus, your house has to be cozy retreat. When you can apply this ideas from this Entry Table With Storage graphic stock effectively, then your guest visitors will be engaged along with praise your household, even on top.
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Комп'ютерна графіка реального часу - підрозділ комп'ютерної графіки зосередженої на створені і аналізі зображень в реальному часі. Термін частіше всього вживається щодо тривимірної комп'ютерної графіки, як правило, з використанням графічного процесору, у відео іграх що мають найбільш помітних користувачів. Термін також може відноситися до будь-чого пов'язаного з рендерингом графічного інтерфейсу в додатках, щоб обробляти і аналізувати зображення в реальному часі.
Хоча від початку, комп'ютери відомі здатністю до генерації двовимірних зображень, включаючи прості лінії малюнки і полігони в реальному часі (наприклад Алгоритм Брезенхейма для побудови прямої), створення тривимірної комп'ютерної графіки і швидкість необхідна для створення, хороша якість тривимірного зображення на дисплеї завжди було непростим завданням для традиційної архітектури на основі систем фон Неймана. Далі ця стаття зконцетрована на загальноприйнятих аспектах комп'ютерної графіки реального часу.
Огляд
Ця стаття належить до виконання рендеринга-обчислен досить швидко, тому ряд візуалізованих зображень викликають ілюзію руху в людському мозку користувача. Ця ілюзія дозволяє взаємодіяти з програним забезпеченням, що робить розрахунки. Одиниця, яка використовується для вимірювання частоти кадрів в секунду (FPS). Розглянуто різні методи візуалізації існують, наприклад: трасування променів і растрування.
Принципи комп'ютерної тривимірної графіки реального часу
Мета комп'ютерної графіки полягає в створенні комп'ютерної графіки з використанням певних бажаних показників. Це зображення часто називають кадром. Як швидко ці зображення або кадри генеруються в даній секунди визначає метод реального часу.
Один цікавий аспект комп'ютерної графіки реального часу є спосіб, в якому вона відрізняється від традиційної офф-лайн системи рендеринга (і, отже, вони не є графічними системами в реальному часі); графіка не реального часу, як правило, покладаються на трасування променів, де важка операція трасування променів від камери до світу допускається і може зайняти декілька годин або навіть днів для одного кадру. З іншого боку, в разі використання графіки реального часу, система має менше, ніж 1/30 секунди на зображення. Для того щоб зробити це, нинішні системи не можуть дозволити собі стріляти мільйони або навіть мільярди променів; замість цього вони покладаються на техніку Z-буфера трикутника растеризації. У цьому методі кожен об'єкт розпадається на окремі примітиви-найпопулярнішим і найпоширенішим є трикутник. Ці трикутники потім "звертаються" або відображаються на екрані один за іншим. Кожен з цих трикутників позиціонується, обертаються і масштабуються на екрані і спеціальних апаратних засобах (або в разі використання емулятора, програмне забезпечення растерізування) під назвою Растерайзер генерує пікселі всередині кожного з цих трикутників. Ці трикутники потім розкладаються на подальші менші атомні одиниці, які називаються ), які підходять для відображення на екрані дисплея. Пікселі потім малюються на екрані за допомогою певного кольору; сучасні системи здатні визначити, колір, який результується до цих трикутників, наприклад, текстура може бути використана для фарби на трикутник, що просто вирішує, який колір потрібен для виведення кожного пікселя на основі збереженої картинки; або в більш складному випадку, в кожному пікселі, може обчислене, якщо певне світло дає дуже хороші тіні (використовуючи техніку, звану тіньове відображення).
Таким чином, графіка реального часу орієнтована на забезпечення максимальної якості, наскільки це можливо з найменшою вартістю можливої продуктивності для даного класу устаткування. Більшість відео-ігор і симуляторів потрапляють в цю категорію графіки реального часу. Як уже згадувалося вище, графіка реального часу в даний момент здібна через останні значні досягнення в розробці цих спеціальних апаратних компонентів, що називаються графічні процесори (GPU). Ці графічні процесори здатні обробляти мільйони трикутників на кадр і в межах кожного такого трикутника здатний обробляти мільйони або навіть мільярди пікселів (тобто генерувати кольори цих пікселів). Поточний DirectX 11 / OpenGL 4.x клас апаратних засобів здатний генерувати складні ефекти на льоту (тобто в реальному часі), таких як . Хоча розрив якості графіки реального часу і традиційної офлайнової графіки скорочується, точність як і раніше залишається значно нижчою за точність офлайнового рендеринга.
Переваги
Ще одна цікава відмінність між графікою реального часу і не графікою реального часу є інтерактивність. Зворотній зв'язок, як правило, є основною мотивацією для покращення графіки реального часу. У подібних випадках як з фільмами, режисер має повний контроль і детермінізм, над тим що повинно бути відображеним на кожному кадрі.
У разі інтерактивної комп'ютерної графіки реального часу, як правило, користувач контролює те, що має бути намальованим на екрані дисплея; користувач зазвичай використовує пристрій введення для забезпечення зворотного зв'язку з системою, наприклад, бажаючи перемістити символ на екрані і система визначає наступний кадр, заснований на цій конкретній дії. Зазвичай дисплей набагато повільніше (з точки зору кількості кадрів в секунду) в чуйності, ніж пристрій введення (з точки зору часу відгуку). У певному сенсі це виправдано через величезну різницю між нескінченно малим часом відгуку, що генерується за рахунок людини і дуже повільною швидкістю перспективної людино-візуальної системи; це призводить до значних досягнень в комп'ютерній графіці, в той час як досягнення в області пристроїв введення зазвичай займає набагато більше часу, щоб досягти того ж стану фундаментального прогресу (наприклад, поточний Wii Remote), так як ці пристрої введення повинні бути дуже швидкими, щоб бути у використанні.
Ще один важливий фактор, який контролює комп'ютерну графіку реального часу є поєднання і анімації. Ці методи багато в чому визначають те, що повинно бути відображено на екрані, або, точніше, де створити певні об'єкти (Ухвалення рішення їх позиції) на екрані. Ці методи імітують поведінку (часовий вимір, а не просторові розміри) видиму в реальному світі.
Див. також
Доповнена реальність
Демосцена
Захоплення руху
Комп'ютерна 2D-графіка
Комп'ютерна 3D-графіка
Графічний процесор
Quartz Composer
Спрайт (комп'ютерна графіка)
Змішана реальність
Відео-арт
Відеоігрова графіка
Відеоконтролер
Полігон
Зовнішні посилання
Real-Time Rendering resources page – links to many useful resources for 3D computer graphics
RTR Portal – a trimmed-down "best of" set of links to resources
Max User Videos – Max/MSP/Jitter can be used to create interactive installations and real-time computer graphics
Unity
Комп'ютерна графіка | {
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Opinion Columnists |
Battenfeld: Democrats' logic was collateral…
Democrats' logic was collateral damage of Trump's attack
'Murderer" or 'senior foreign military official,' which is it, Liz?
Democratic presidential candidate Sen. Elizabeth Warren,
By Joe Battenfeld | [email protected] | Boston Herald
PUBLISHED: January 3, 2020 at 7:46 p.m. | UPDATED: January 3, 2020 at 8:41 p.m.
President Trump's decision to take out a murderous Iranian commander has suddenly injected war and foreign policy into the 2020 race — and handed a new issue to Trump to set himself apart from Democrats openly critical of the commander-in-chief's move.
Trump is likely to gain at least a temporary bounce from the killing of Qassem Soleimani, though it also carries risks if it escalates the conflict with Iran or even leads to war.
But it was Democrats who seemed to be flummoxed by Trump's airstrike — on one hand condemning Soleimani as a ruthless terrorist and killer of American troops but at the same time taking pains to paint Trump's move as reckless.
Nowhere was that more apparent than in U.S. Sen. Elizabeth's Warren campaign, which at first issued a tweet acknowledging Soleimani as a "murderer" but then, under attack from the left, responded with a clarifying statement calling the Iranian thug a "senior foreign military official."
"Donald Trump ripped up an Iran nuclear deal that was working," Warren tweeted. "He's repeatedly escalated tensions. Now he's assassinated a senior foreign military official. He's been marching toward war with Iran since his first days in office — but the American people won't stand for it."
Actually, senator, what the American people won't stand for is a flip-flopping presidential candidate who can't stand up to the far left and calls a terrorist a "military official."
Warren's stumbling response — like her flip-flop on when her Medicare for All plan would take effect — is one reason why her campaign has been slumping lately.
The rest of the Democratic field, including Joe Biden and Bernie Sanders, were also critical of Trump, which carries risks if it turns out that the killing of Soleimani prevented a potential terrorist attack.
Their words could be thrown right back at them if the Trump administration presents clear evidence of Soleimani's role in planning an attack on troops or even civilians here at home.
Trump was clear to personally take credit for Soleimani's killing in a drone strike as his caravan was leaving the Baghdad airport, saying the strike was "at my direction."
"He was planning a very major attack, and we got him," Trump boasted. "We take comfort in knowing that his reign of terror is over."
But actually it's Trump himself who in the past has warned about the U.S. getting dragged into another war — a warning that Democrats are now echoing on the campaign trail.
New video shows hammer attack on Paul Pelosi and suspect breaking into San Francisco home
Battenfeld: Another child of power and privilege in trouble with the law
'It is outrageous': Even Dems aghast as more Biden classified docs found
Liptak: The case for a new conservative party
Netflix founder Hastings to step down as co-CEO
"This must not be the beginning of another endless war," former South Bend, Ind., Mayor Pete Buttigieg said while campaigning in New Hampshire.
And if Iran responds to the Soleimani attack with military action or terror attacks that harm American troops or citizens, Trump could leave himself open to blame.
One thing Trump does not want is another all-out war that puts thousands of more U.S. troops into combat. Americans have seen enough of that in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Gen. Qassem Soleimani
Joe Battenfeld | Columnist
Joe Battenfeld is a veteran Herald political columnist and multimedia reporter.
[email protected]
Follow Joe Battenfeld @joebattenfeld
More in Opinion Columnists
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Mine: A fun time travel thriller. Willis and Blunt are good. Hard to know why they thought they had to alter Gordon-Levitt's appearance. It made him look fake and wooden a strange choice.
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Courtesy of Tim Dunk Photography, based in Leeds, Rebecca is pleased to showcase her new headshots, taken on one of the coldest days of December, with the snow falling outside!
We kept warm indoors with cups of tea and here's the result.
Please contact [email protected] for a high resolution image suitable for programme use.
Start the new year in…New Zealand!
Following sell-out performances of Welsh National Opera's MADAM BUTTERFLY in the UK and on tour to Dubai, Rebecca is excited to announce that she will reprise the role of Suzuki for Festival Opera, New Zealand in Napier, Hawkes Bay in February 2018. She will be singing alongside Toni Marie Palmertree as Cio Cio San, Pene Pati as Pinkerton and fellow countryman, Gary Griffiths as Sharpless.
This Sunday 12th November, would have always been poignant, owing to its being a time for remembrance. This year, it promises to be even more so for those who knew Serena Fenwick, since there will be a very special event to remember her, a great supporter of British Youth Opera and many young singers. Rebecca was fortunate to have met Serena during her time at The Guildhall School of Music & Drama and British Youth Opera and looks forward to performing alongside many friends and colleagues as together, they celebrate Serena's wonderful legacy and life.
Remember, remember Sunday 5th of November!
Rebecca was delighted to step in at the last minute as soloist for the North Wales Choral Festival, in their 30th Anniversary year, representing the excellence of Welsh National Opera, showcasing an array of mezzo soprano arias. Thanks to Ruth Evans, all the choirs, backstage team, the two Dilwyns & Venue Cymru for such a warm welcome! Diolch o galon!
Rebecca clearly enjoying the audience's warm response to Mozart's Requiem at St. Magnus International Festival, Kirkwall, Orkney back in late June, with Ann-Helen Moen, Christopher Bowen, Simon Bailey and Kringkastingsorkestret (The Norwegian Radio Orchestra) conducted by Miguel Harth-Bedoya.
Here's that iconic image, whilst the Humming Chorus floats through the wings and we hold our pose. | {
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A musical merry-go-round from the Carousel
in Arts and Entertainment / Exclusive —
Well what more could you want from a musical? Set in a patriarchal, New England town in the 1930s, Carousel has it all. The hunky male protagonist…who turns out to be a bit of an arse, complete with a hopelessly naïve and sentimental wife, plus an all-singing, all dancing cast with a nice little bit of life-after-death thrown in for good measure.
Billy Bigelow is the main male character in Carousel. He is everything you could never want in a man – promiscuous, arrogant and as we discover later on account of his wife, a bit too loose with his fists. But as the plot goes on, his good looks along with his great singing voice and childlike anticipation of fatherhood is almost enough to endear you to him. Almost.
After getting the boot from his job at the Carousel for eyeing up the first pretty young thing that comes his way (enter Julie Jordan, his future wife), we watch as his life quickly descends into a downward spiral after getting mixed up with the local ne'er do wells.
Julie Jordan, a local millworker, is portrayed as a somewhat naïve and forgiving figure and marries Billy who is by now a jobless player who slaps his wife around the face whenever the going gets tough. By today's standards, one might be tempted to question the ethics of airbrushing a hard – but apparently not painful – slap to the face, but then again, we are talking about a period of time when the women's movement hadn't quite kicked off yet.
But the audience is eventually treated to the more human side of Billy with an emotional rendition of My Boy Bill, when he learns that he got his wife knocked up.
Meanwhile Julie's friend, Carrie Pipperidge, gives a hilarious and skilful rendition of her love affair with a Mr Enoch Snow. Despite reeking of fish, Mr Snow turns out to be her knight in shining armour and romance blossoms; even if it was a bit shaken by an unwelcome interjection by a shady character called "Jigger". Jigger is the local jailbird who makes his move on Carrie, who's a bit of a girl-next-door type, if a little gullible and unsuspecting.
After repeatedly resisting attempts by jigger to lure him into a stick-up robbery, we see the tragic demise of Billy after the pressures of fatherhood and the possibility of having a girl, finally convinces him to take the plunge. When their rouse is rumbled by police, Jigger, who'd spent most of the evening conning Billy out of money on a card game quickly makes his escape, while Billy, who is not quite fast enough, is left to face the music. Unfortunately or fortunately – depending on how much he's riled you up during the show – Billy chooses suicide over the prospect of a 20-year jail stint.
And there it felt like the plot unwittingly switched from a 1930s misery-memoir into a modern-day comment on Harlem ghettos and council estates. It seems, that the reasons why people get sucked into a life of crime are pretty much universal and timeless and this helped to put it one notch above a standard musical.
Now I'm not usually a big fan of musicals, especially not, dare I say it an opera musical. But despite there being parts of the plot that seemed a bit ambiguous and random (clam bake anyone?), the drama took yet another unexpected twist when the deceased Billy Bigelow once again enters the stage…but this time as a ghost. Sort of.
Now here's where it really gets going. For it was the second half of the show that had the real meat. Here, Billy in a rather shoddy attempt to make up for his misgivings, is given one more chance by the heavenly forces to atone for his sins by coming to the rescue of his daughter Louise, 15 years later.
Louise, a ballet dancer who is hugely unpopular amongst her peers – thanks to the legacy of her dad who is forever known as a thief – gets a rather cryptic visit from Billy. Can you believe it? He literally steals a star from heaven to give to his daughter, but ends up slapping her around the face instead when she tells him to get stuffed. Oh dear I think we see a bit of a pattern developing here…
Wait it gets better. For just as you think that Billy is doomed to spend eternity in the hands of the devil he somehow makes up for it by letting his wife and daughter know how much he loves them and that everything will work out.
Now if it all sounds just a little bit loopy, that's because it is. To be honest, I didn't quite get it either, and I wasn't too sure that saying "I love you" after hijacking one of God's stars would cut it in theological terms. I dread to think what the local priest would say!
But there, without even knowing it, what started out as a standard musical opera has suddenly turned into a philosophical, drama-packed free-for-all. Forgiveness was the name of the game in the plot and although it was hard to get the audience to sympathise with some of the male characters in the musical, it didn't give any easy solutions. Instead it left you with more questions than answers. Personally, I like that kinda thing.
Still, if you're not into all that philosophical stuff, or if the plot is just a little too shaky for you, then the singing alone will rival anything you might come across on the X Factor. And the funky dance moves were so out-of-this world that even an opera-phobe like me was left was wishing for more.
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Tags: carousel, entertainment
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Join us for the Drop-in Christmas party!
Check our our latest newsletter for information about free local Christmas events, support over the Christmas period and our opening times.
You can subscribe for free - click here to receive our newsletter once a month. | {
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Children and Young People Education
Additional Learning Needs White Paper
By seneddresearch June 4, 2014 October 19, 2017
Article written by Michael Dauncey, National Assembly for Wales Research Service
Image from Pixabay. Licensed under the Creative Commons.
The Welsh Government has recently (22 May 2014) published a White Paper setting out plans for new legislation on meeting additional learning needs in Wales.
Broadly speaking, the proposals will:
replace the existing statutory definition of Special Educational Needs (SEN) with a more flexible and inclusive legal concept of Additional Learning Needs (ALN); and
replace statements of SEN with Individual Development Plans (IDPs) as the basis for meeting a child or young person's ALN.
Through these reforms, the Welsh Government also wants to bring together the legislation and statutory definitions for children under 16, who are classed as having 'special educational needs', and post-16 learners in further education, who are considered as having 'learning difficulties and/or disabilities'. An ALN Bill would also seek to bring about greater co-operation between education, health and social services and improve families' rights and experiences when applying for interventions.
Reform of the legal framework for learning needs has been on the agenda in Wales for a long time with a number of previous reviews and consultations being held on the subject. In the Second Assembly, the Education Lifelong Learning and Skills Committee undertook a three part inquiry into SEN between 2004 and 2007, which demonstrated the need for changes to be made.
The Programme for Government published at the start of the 2011-2016 Fourth Assembly included a commitment to reform the process for dealing with SEN / ALN in Wales and, in 2012, the Welsh Government held the consultation Forward in partnership for children and young people with additional needs: Proposals for reform of the legislative framework for special educational needs.
The current SEN framework is generally considered to be outdated, divisive and inflexible in terms of basing entitlement on statements. The Welsh Government itself states in the White Paper that it is no longer fit for purpose and 'complex, bewildering and adversarial'. There is also considerable variation and inconsistency amongst local authorities across Wales in the way it is applied.
In evidence to the Children, Young People and Education Committee, Estyn has commented on the 'considerable variation currently in local authority policies and practice' and that local authorities have sought to reduce the number of statements and to provide support for pupils through other avenues such as School Action Plus. However, Estyn reported that 'the rate at which this has happened varies considerably from one authority to another'.
The latest statistics on Pupils with Statements of Special Educational Needs, published by the Welsh Government in June 2013, show just how much practice in Wales varies. For example, as of January 2013, Bridgend and Torfaen had 15 and 16 young people with statements per 1,000 pupils respectively, compared to Swansea and Newport with 43 and 41.
The Welsh Government's White Paper lists 22 specific proposals under the following three aims:
A unified legislative framework to support children and young people aged 0 to 25 with additional learning needs;
An integrated, collaborative process of assessment, planning and monitoring which facilitates early, timely and effective interventions; and
A fair and transparent system for providing information and advice, and for resolving concerns and appeals.
The Welsh Government spends £358 million per year (2013-14) on SEN provision, with around 70 per cent of this money delegated to education settings themselves and the remainder allocated to local authorities.
Consultation on the proposals in the White Paper runs until 25 July 2014 and the Welsh Government has said the earliest a Bill is expected to be introduced to the Assembly is 2015, which would mean that reforms could come into force in academic year 2016/17.
Tags: Additional Learning Needs Children and Young People Education Welsh Government
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Next Entry New Publication: The Welsh Workforce – Employment in Wales | {
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In the most ambitious, comprehensive and uncompromising account of Bias' life and death ever captured on film, up-and-coming director Kirk Fraser utilizes dozens of interviews with Bias' closest teammates, friends and family in an effort to determine exactly what happened on that fateful night. Maybe it wasn't as much of a fluke as we thought.
Award-winning director, screenwriter and producer Kirk Fraser is a gifted storyteller and rising talent. President of Washington, DC based May 3rd Films, he independently released his first documentary "The Life of Rayful Edmond" to high acclaim in 2005. Hailed as a cult classic, the success and creative marketing behind the film landed him on the cover of The Washington Post.
Instant People Finder Disclaimer for this Page: Kirk Fraser R - Wilmore,KY | kirk r fraser | 3+ People Finder Results. Most records for people finder, search people free & background check for kirk r fraser are dynamically obtained in real-time. Any private information consisting of email addresses, street addresses, phone numbers etc. for kirk r fraser are gathered from an extensive list of free web sources available on major people search engines & social networks.
Award-winning director, screenwriter and producer Kirk Fraser is a gifted storyteller and rising talent. President of Washington, DC based , he independently released his first documentary The Life of Rayful Edmond to high acclaim in 2005. Hailed as a cult classic, the success and creative marketing behind the film landed him on the cover of The Washington Post.
Kirk Fraser is the President and CEO of Washington, DC based May 3rd Films. He was born in Kingston, Jamaica to Carlton Fraser, an industrial mechanical engineer, and Eulalee, a playwright. Kirk grew up in Lanham, Maryland, where he attended Parkdale High, and Laurel High School. After taking a television production class in his senior year, an interest in Filmmaking developed. He continued to advance his education in Filmmaking and attended Howard University in Washington, D.C.
Kirk Fraser was born in Kingston, Jamaica but was raised in the DC metropolitan area, where he began his film and television career after taking a television production class in his senior year of high school. He studied filmmaking at Howard University in Washington, DC. and soon thereafter established Washington, DC based , where he initially focused on music videos, corporation commercials, and federal and state government videos. Ultimately, he changed the direction of the company and independently released his first documentary The Life of Rayful Edmond to high acclaim in 2005. Hailed as a cult classic, the success and creative marketing behind the film landed him on the cover of The Washington Post.
The District of Columbia Office of Motion Picture and Television Development (MPTD) is pleased to honor Kirk Fraser, award-winning director, screenwriter and producer as the . Kirk's early success in directing music videos and corporate commercials locally led him to what has become a promising career in documentary filmmaking and television that has received national recognition. | {
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As good as it gets - this South Bay restaurant has provided customers with good food and good times for more that 30 years. Enjoy casual dining in a friendly atmosphere. The perfect meeting place for lunch, a family night out, or the rendezvous spot for your sports team!
For balance inquiries call the phone number to a Jake's Of Willow Glen's location below. | {
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Five Festal Garments
Christian reflections on The Song of Songs, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes and Esther
Barry Webb
A look at 'the Scrolls' of the Old Testament; Song of Songs, Ruth, Lamentations, Eccelsiastes and Esther.
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by Barry Webb
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Ruth: Poverty and Plenty
Ecclesiastes: The Search for Meaning
Esther: Royal Rescue
Jane McNabb
The Message of Jeremiah
Christopher Wright
Song of Songs: Garden of Love
Des Smith
Under the Sun (Ecclesiastes)
The Song of Songs, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes and Esther.
These five Old Testament books, traditionally known simply as 'the Scrolls', are among the most neglected parts of the Christian Bible. Each presents particular difficulties with regard to how it relates to the rest of Scripture, and how it should be understood and used as the Word of God for us today.
In Judasim, these books were eventually adopted as lectionary readings for give of the major festivals. In Christianity, however, no consensus has emerged about their proper use, or how they address us.
Barry Webb gives a Christian interpretation of these problematic writings. Each book is allowed to set its own agenda, and is then examined in relation to the wider Old Testament context and to the New Testament gospel with its basic structure of promise and fulfilment.
In this way, Dr Webb offers fresh and illuminating perspectives on these 'festal garments' of love, kindness, suffering, vexation and deliverance.
Part of The Good Book Company's Commentary List, this commentary has been selected because it not only deals faithfully and carefully with God's Word but is readable, practical and accessible as well.
IVP
Five Festal Garments | Barry Webb | £12.99 £10.39 | {
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Q: Pass anonymous function object to std::function? Here is my question:
I define a functor:
class A {
public:
int operator()(int a, int b) const{
return a + b;
}
};
typedef function<int (int, int)> Fun;
then I use a anonymous functor to create a std::function object, and I find something strange. Here is my code:
Fun f(A());
f(3, 4);
Unfortunately it is wrong. The error message is:
error: invalid conversion from 'int' to 'A (*)()' [-fpermissive]
error: too many arguments to function 'Fun f(A (*)())'
However, when I change my code as follow:
A a;
Fun f(a);
f(3, 4);
or
Fun f = A();
f(3, 4);
The result is right.
So, why is it? Help me understand it,please. Thanks.
A: Fun f(A());
This is a case of the most-vexing parse. It declares a function f which returns a Fun. It takes a function pointer as an argument, pointing at a function that takes no arguments and returns an A.
There are a few ways to get around this:
Fun f{A()}; // Uniform-initialisation syntax
Fun f{A{}}; // Uniform-initialisation on both objects
Fun f((A())); // Forcing the initialiser to be an expression, not parameter list
Or one of the things you did.
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DeeGee greets UWF for first.
lights black out around the arena and the music hits Alice Cooper's I am the Spider blares.
Widow: GRAHAM welcome. Finally a worthy opponent for me. See we worked with other before at another fed, hell we ran the place.But tell you the truth I don't remember if we ever faced off one on one, SO!! since new i pulled some strings , GET IT! spider strings (laughs) so the first person you face on other side of squared circle is, me. Good luck darling, your going to need it, just because we work together and respect one another. Doesn't mean I pull my punches.
Widow: I guess it's a date then. wringing her hands eagerly. | {
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MTERA brings Midwest Tribes together to create a clean, secure, sustainable energy future for Tribes and our neighbors.
Our organization seeks to advance energy opportunities for Midwest Tribes by leveraging resources, sharing experiences, gathering information, and benefiting from expert industry knowledge.
Click here to view Workshop agenda and details.
View our current member tribes and learn more about becoming a member. | {
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Wild Videos Show Floodwater Surging Into NYC Subway Stations as Ida Inundates NYC
By Jesse Stiller, The Western Journal September 24, 2021
New York City's subway system was inundated by flash flooding on Wednesday after the remnants of Hurricane Ida blew through the city, dumping historic amounts of rain on the region.
Videos taken by subway passengers showed water rushing into stations around the city, WPIX-TV reported.
One video captured a geyser-like wave flooding the 28th Street station, with onlookers standing in disbelief.
Another showed passengers attempting to navigate a station in ankle-deep water.
Flooding in 28th St Station NYC!!! And everyone is taking videos!!!!#OnlyInNYC pic.twitter.com/eV2QlALEno
— Aleksander Milch (@AleksanderMilch) September 2, 2021
The MTA is really so poorly run! Every Time it rains there is a flood! It's time to put this inept organization into the hands of a private company who will actually fix the system! pic.twitter.com/QG8n3fKPsG
— Paul Warner (@pwarnergroup) September 2, 2021
"At this time, there is very limited train service," a Metropolitan Transit Authority spokesperson tweeted on Wednesday evening.
Eighteen trains were evacuated as streets and subway tracks were flooded between 9 and 10 p.m. on Wednesday, the New York Post reported.
"Water gets in when the street-level drainage systems and sewer systems are overwhelmed, and the water starts to come down in the subway system. It's not impenetrable," MTA Chairman Janno Lieber said, according to the Post.
This looks more like a subway car wash than a subway station. This flooding has to be doing an incredible amount of damage to the NYC subway system. pic.twitter.com/bgtMbjiHvM
— Mike Saccone (@mikesacconetv) September 2, 2021
As of Thursday morning, service was still suspended or partly suspended on most lines, the outlet reported.
At least 23 people have been killed in the flooding, according to WNBC-TV. One of the fatalities was a 2-year-old boy.
All Nursing Home Residents Survive After Devastating Tornado Hits Facility: 'Divine Intervention'
Nine of the deaths were in the Queens and Brooklyn boroughs of New York City, including that of an 86-year-old woman, WNBC reported. The rest were in northern New Jersey. The death toll is expected to increase in the coming days.
Three to 8 inches of rain were dumped across the New York tri-state area, with some isolated reports exceeding 10 inches. Central Park recorded its highest hourly rainfall total, a mark that had only been set two weeks prior by Tropical Storm Henri.
this flooding in New York is wild – there's a "flash flood emergency", the first one ever in NYC, with something like 10cm in rain an hour from Hurricane Ida. Much of the city seems like it's underwaterpic.twitter.com/Vyes4KcCdG
— Josh Butler (@JoshButler) September 2, 2021
Ida first made landfall in the U.S. on Sunday, decimating New Orleans' electrical grid and causing considerable damage with winds in excess of 150 mph.
The brunt of its impact was felt in Louisiana and along the Gulf Coast, with oil production ground to a halt due to the intense winds and storm surge.
Thousands of National Guard members were dispatched to the region to aid in rescue and relief efforts.
Reports of looting surfaced in Ida's wake, with New Orleans Mayor LaToya Cantrell issuing a citywide curfew and urging evacuees not to return home until it was safe to do so.
natural disasters, New Jersey, New York, New York City NYC, TPP News, US news, weather
Jesse Stiller, The Western Journal | {
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As with many cultures, Thai cuisine, also known as Thai gastronomy is very important and reflects the history of the culture-rich ancient Thailand. But there is one thing unique about Thai gastronomy, it has now gone global, and you will find it the tiny streets of Bangkok and also the luxurious international hotels all over the world.
In fact, Som Tam, a Thai cuisine featured in CNN's top 50 best foods in the world and in fact was number two. Som Tam is a salad laced with chilies and garlic served with peanuts and string beans.
Thais are the direct descendants of Chinese from the present-day Yunnan. In fact, there is a considerable resemblance between Thai cuisine and Chinese cuisine.
There are also some similarities to the rich Indian cuisine. This is mainly in the use of spices popular during the Khmer occupation, even after Buddhism replaced the Hindu religion.
Another thing that has influenced Thai cuisine is the opening of the Asian market as well as Thailand itself to foreign trade. Right now, there are a lot of foreign products introduced to the Thai market. We must not also forget the historical contact with Muslims from Indonesia and Malaysia. All these have influenced the today's Thai cuisine.
Besides the ingredients, the use of a fork and a spoon as opposed to her neighbors who use chopsticks once again manifests the peculiarity of Thai cuisine. It is funny that Thais use forks and spoons like the West when the Chinese and Japanese are fond of chopsticks.
The unique eating culture also shows that the 21st C Thai cuisine is not 100% unique and borrows from other renowned cuisines. We understand that the use of the fork and spoon is a culture that the Thais assimilated from the French. | {
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Today I just wanted to share what has been on my heart lately in the hopes that some of you out there may understand what I am going through, or that if you are going through a similar season in your life, you will find comfort in knowing you're not alone.
As most of you know, I am a 24 year old stay-at-home Mama to Olivia Beatrice, my almost-11-month old. I never thought at 24 I would be living the dream I've had since I was young -- to be a wife and mom and to spend every day at home with my baby -- teaching her, dressing her, brushing her hair, photographing her, watching her walk and talk, and laugh and cry and learn about life.
But God has given to me the best gift I could ever ask for, and my dreams have come to fruition. I am still young with a lot to learn but I know the beauty and rarity of my position and for that, I am extremely grateful.
As we approach Olivia's first birthday in May, I am amazed that so much has happened over the past year. There are moments where it feels like just yesterday I took a break from eating my bowl of pistachio icecream to take a pregnancy test and surprisingly found out we were expecting (!!!), or just yesterday we were on our way to the hospital with excitement and anticipation of meeting the baby girl I had always dreamed of. But then there are moments where it feels like she has always been with us, because in our hearts, she has. She was always meant to be ours and when I look in her eyes and see her little smile, my heart knows she is the reason I am alive - to be her Mama.
But lately, with the stresses of life that have been placed on us, I have been feeling like all I am is a Mom. Now, I believe first-hand that being a Mom is the most challenging, rewarding, exhausting, painful, joyful experience in the world. There is nothing like it, and until you experience motherhood with your own children, it is difficult to fathom. I absolutely love motherhood because I am equally challenged and rewarded at the same time; the growth it has produced in me over the past 11 months is unlike any other experience in my life. God has used Olivia to teach me about life, about love, about patience, about grace, about prayer, and more deeply about loving Him and leaning on Him every day. My character has been shaped and formed through the past 11 months and because of Olivia, I strive to be the best person I can be, knowing she will learn from my example.
But being a stay-at-home mom, it is easy to get caught up in motherhood. I don't have a traditional career that I pour my energy and effort into 5 days a week. I don't bring home a paycheck that I've earned with the education I spent years achieving. I don't wear a name tag or professional clothes and some days, I don't even leave the house. I wear braids in my hair and yoga pants and I am known affectionately as Ma-ma. Because of this, naturally, Olivia is my every thought & every breath. She is a part of who I am. She is the little girl I take care of and play with all day and who I put to bed at night and who I greet with the sunshine in the morning. Yes, I have time away from her to work out, go to yoga, get groceries, or grab dinner with girlfriends, but even while I am doing those things, I am still her Mom. There are days where I long for a break, just to have time to myself to relax and close my eyes, turn my mind off. But then when I am away from her, I miss her so deeply. I am working on learning to be present in the moment -- regardless of who that moment is spent with.
But over the past 11 months, and even more recently over the past two months, I have struggled with seeing myself as "more than a mom" -- some times I forget that I am a wife, a friend, a daughter, a nurse, a creative thinker, a passionate writer, a beautiful and intelligent individual. I am not stating any of these things with arrogance, but with confidence -- confidence in who I am capable of being and confidence in who I knew I was before having a baby.
Before motherhood, I had no difficulty seeing myself as a wife, or as a friend, or as a daughter. Before motherhood, I knew who I was as an individual, rooted in Christ and utilizing the gifts and abilities He has given me. Before motherhood, I knew how to define myself apart from any other person. While marriage was the closest I would come to being connected with another human being, even in that I knew confidently who I was as an individual.
But now? Now I don't really know who I am apart from Olivia. I sometimes forget that I am a wife, blessed with an incredible husband who loves me more than my mind can imagine. I forget that I am an individual, capable of so much more than I may ever realize. I struggle with putting myself first and so clearly defining myself the way I used to. My faith and relationship with God has been so immensely strengthened since Olivia was born --another gift she has given me -- but it is still difficult to define myself apart from her.
Life before her is rather blurry -- the most significant pieces of my life are clear but other than that, most memories other than my childhood -- are fuzzy. Since May 23, 2013, I have looked at the world from a whole new perspective and who I was before Her is now gone. The people that Dustin and I were before Olivia was born no longer exist; we have had to redefine who we are as a husband & wife, and for a long time, that was difficult for me. Sometimes it still is. I went through a grieving process of letting go of who we were -- just the two of us. Letting go of the US we knew ourselves as, and learning to embrace the new US -- the three of us. Every day, my love for Olivia only grows stronger, but I have had to prayerfully work through the closing of the previous chapter in my life to be fully present in the chapter I am now living. There are days I long to feel like "more than a mom" -- to feel like myself apart from any other person. To feel like the me I used to be, the person I spent 23 years of my life becoming.
But maybe that is what motherhood is -- once you become a mom, you are no longer just an individual. Your old self is washed away, much like being Born Again. There is no need to mourn who you were because who you have become is so much more and what is in store for you is better than any experience or memory you leave behind. Your "old life" becomes a blur because your "new life" brings clarity on a level you have never experienced before -- clarity to your purpose, your character, your strengths & weaknesses, your passions & talents, and your ability to be the person you were meant to be.
As a Mom, you have been given a new life that is so precious & small and full of joy and that becomes your new identity, your new purpose. To care for, nurture, and encourage that little life. It is a calling to instruct a heart, to be present, and to give that life truth and love, roots and wings, and Jesus.
The me that I used to be is someone I don't know how to be anymore. And some days that is hard. Some days that is painful. But ultimately I can rest in knowing that I don't need to be the me I was. I don't need to try to become the old me because who I was is washed away. Who I was before I was a Mom is no longer who I am and no longer who I want to be. I will always be a mom and so now I begin the process of discovering my new identity, knowing who I am in Christ -- which I believe is the key to any sense of identity in its truest form -- and knowing that Olivia will forever be a part of me. And even if years go by and I forever feel like the most dominant part of who I am is defined by being a Mom, I am 100% certain that is a privilege -- any way you look at it.
I loved reading this!! My daughter turns 2 tomorrow and it was just what I needed to read. I am still trying to hold on to who my husband and I were before Emma and I think I am finally learning to just be who I am now and not who I used to be.
So beautifully written and exactly what I needed to read. I sometime struggle with not having something to show for my work, like a paycheck. But being a SAHM is so rewarding!
I love this! My daughter will be 5 months this month and for the last few weeks I have been struggling and it was so nice and refreshing to read someone who I can relate with. I'm a SAHM as well and I love every bit of it and couldn't imagine not being home with her but I have been struggling with my new identity, and if I will ever be "me" again, but you're right the old us is gone, and we are born again with the most amazing new identity // momma!
Thanks for this real and raw post! I am with ya momma!
I love this and I REALLY know how you feel. You put these feelings into words and for that I thank you! I love you so much and am so happy to call you friend!
This is really great. Even as a working mom, I struggle to see myself as more than just a mom! I can imagine it would be even more difficult for SAHMs! | {
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Saldutiškis (ryska: Салдутишкис) är en ort i Litauen. Den ligger i den östra delen av landet, km norr om huvudstaden Vilnius. Saldutiškis ligger meter över havet och antalet invånare är .
Terrängen runt Saldutiškis är platt, och sluttar söderut. Den högsta punkten i närheten är meter över havet, km norr om Saldutiškis. Runt Saldutiškis är det ganska glesbefolkat, med invånare per kvadratkilometer. Närmaste större samhälle är Tauragnai, km norr om Saldutiškis. Omgivningarna runt Saldutiškis är en mosaik av jordbruksmark och naturlig växtlighet.
Trakten ingår i den hemiboreala klimatzonen. Årsmedeltemperaturen i trakten är °C. Den varmaste månaden är juli, då medeltemperaturen är °C, och den kallaste är februari, med °C.
Kommentarer
Källor
Orter i Utena län | {
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For the first time ever, we will organise a Global Gathering for all our hubs to come together and discuss social enterprise as well as leaderships and the skills it takes to change the world.
From September 5th to 7th 2018, in anticipation of the Social Enterprise World Forum that will take place in Edinburgh, we will bring everyone together to bringing to New Lanark, Scotland.
In total, the event will be attended by over 100 people: all of whom are change makers, social entrepreneurs or supporters from around the world.
Find more information on the Social Enterprise Academy here (www.socialenterprise.academy) or to connect with us please contact Zakia Moulaoui – [email protected] or on 0131 2432678. | {
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Az U.S. Cup (ismert még USA Cup-ként, United States Cup-ként és Nike U.S. Cup-ként is) egy labdarúgókupa volt, melyet évenként rendeztek meg az Egyesült Államokban 1991 és 2000 között, kivéve a világbajnokság éveit, 1994-et és 1998-at. A kupa rendezője az Amerikai labdarúgó-szövetség volt, ahol a házigazda Egyesült Államok mellett három vendég csapat versengett.
A kupát a amerikai labdarúgócsapat felkészülése és a sport USA-beli népszerűsítése érdekében hozták létre. Eredetileg U.S. Cup-ként volt ismert, a név Nike U.S. Cup-ra változott, miután a Nike, Inc. aláírt 1997 októberében egy tízéves 120 millió dolláros szerződést az USSF-fel, hogy támogatója lesz az amerikai válogatottaknak. A szerződés része volt, hogy az USSF a Nike U.S. Cup nevet adta a férfi tornának.
1995-ben az USSF elindította női tornát is, amit minden évben megrendeztek - beleértve 1998-at is - egészen 1999-ig.
Lebonyolítása
A kupát hagyományosan körmérkőzések formájában bonyolították le a négy részt vevő nemzet között.
Az 1999-es kiírása a férfi tornának egyenes kiesési rendszerben zajlott. Az első forduló volt az elődöntő. Az elődöntők vesztesei a harmadik helyért játszottak, a győztesek a döntőben.
Bajnokok listája
Férfi tornák
Női tornák
Győzelmek országonként
Férfi tornák
és 3 alkalommal
1 alkalommal
Női tornák
5 alkalommal
Külső hivatkozások
Férfi US Cup az RSSSF-en
Női US Cup az RSSSF-en
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SThree plc, and its specialist brands, urged the Government not to introduce the legislation in April 2019, as was widely expected, and we are extremely glad they took the decision to delay. Businesses now need to use this time wisely to ensure they are properly educated and prepared for the change.
We have been talking to customers and contractors on this topic for the last few months, sharing the experience in the public sector and highlighting how we can assist our private sector clients through this changing landscape. We'll continue to work with our customers in the private sector and use the extra time available to help them prepare for the anticipated changes in 2020.
The new timescales give businesses a longer period to properly assess their flexible workforce and SThree and its brands have a huge part to play in that. The value for our customers of working with a large, compliant PLC has never been greater. SThree has the skills, knowledge and experience of helping clients through the public sector implementation and we are looking forward to using this to benefit our private sector clients. | {
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Q: How to use List params in Restrictions.like I use List objects in Restrictions.in methods, now I must use this case at Restrictions.like
But Restrictions.like doesn't receive List param. How Can I solve this problem?
My code is bottom:
public void setPhones(Set<String> phones) {
this.phones.addAll(phones);
if (!this.phones.isEmpty()) {
aliases.add(new QueryAlias("profile", "profile"));
criterions.add(Restrictions.like("profile.phone", this.phones));
}
}
A: Correcting my prior (and now edited) answer
According to documentation (https://docs.jboss.org/hibernate/orm/5.4/javadocs/org/hibernate/criterion/Restrictions.html) it seems you don't have a direct way to do this.
You can try iterating your List, then create a List of Restriction.like for each of your phones then converting this list into an array to use into a Restrictions.or:
public void setPhones(Set<String> phones) {
this.phones.addAll(phones);
if (!this.phones.isEmpty()) {
// Creates a list to store criterions
List<Criterion> criterionsPhoneNumbers = new ArrayList<>();
// For each number searched, it creates a criterion with a "Like Restriction" adding to criterionsPhoneNumbers List.
// Pay attention to match mode (in raw sql it'll be a "like" using %phoneNumber% - check the generated SQL by hibernate).
// You can change this to suit your needs.
for (String number : numbers) {
aliases.add(new QueryAlias("profile", "profile"));
criterionsPhoneNumbers.add( Restrictions.like("number", number, MatchMode.ANYWHERE) ) ;
}
// Here criterionsPhoneNumbers is being converted to array then added to the criteria with "Or Restriction"
criteria.add(Restrictions.or( criterionsPhoneNumbers.toArray(new Criterion[restrictionsPhoneNumbers.size()]) ));
}
}
My prior answer was wrong because adding each phone number as a Restriction.like (only) wasn't enough and was converted to a sql with a logical 'and' in 'where' clause. As I hadn't tested then I couldn't see the error.
I had implemented then I saw the error.
My apologies.
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Home > Resources > Working for a Better World > African American Movements
African American Movements
(See also Abolitionists, African American History, Life & Values to 1968, African American History, Life & Values since 1968, Civil Rights Movement, American Radicalism, Hip-Hop Politics, Muslim American History, Life & Values, White Racism, Jim Crow, Lynching & Jamaica)
On the Web • In the Library • CD & Audio • Film & Video Search
On the Web: Articles
America's Debt to Blacks. Randall Robinson, Nation (2/23/00).
On the Web: Specialized Sites
Black America Web.
The Black Commentator.
Black Panther Party.
Black Radical Congress.
Congressional Black Caucus.
Ethnic Majority.
Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).
National Association of Black Journalists.
National Association of Blacks in Criminal Justice.
National Black Caucus of State Legislators.
National Coalition on Black Civic Participation.
National Trust for the Development of African American Men.
National Urban League.
Nation of Islam.
Women in Mourning & Outrage.
In the Library: Articles
Bates, Beth Tompkins. "A new crowd challenges the agenda of the Old Guard in the NAACP, 1933-1941," American Historical Review 102,2 (4/97):340-77.
Berubé, Michael. "Public academy," New Yorker (1/9/97). On Cornell West, Bell Hooks & other contemporary Black intellectuals.
Boggs, Grace Lee. "Martin & Malcolm: how shall we honor our heroes?" Monthly Review 49,2 (6/97):10-19.
Bouvard, Marguerite Guzmán. "Dollie B. Burwell (interview)," in her Women Reshaping Human Rights (Wilmington DE: Scholarly Resources, 1996), pp. 179-197. North Carolina community & environmental justice organizer.
Brown-Nagin, Tomiko. "The transformation of a social movement into law? The SCLC & NAACP's campaigns for civil rights reconsidered in the light of the educational activism of Septima Clark," Women's History Review 8 (1999):81-138.
Cha-Jua, Sundiata K. "Mississippi Burning: the burning of Black self-activity," Radical History Review 45 (1989):125-36.
Cruse, Harold W. "Revolutionary nationalism & the Afro-American," Studies on the Left 2,3 (1962), & comments in 3,1 (1963). Controversial argument for Black separatism.
DeJong, Greta. "'With the aid of God & the FSA': the Louisiana Farmers' Union & the African American freedom struggle in the New Deal era," Journal of Social History 34 (2000):105-40.
Dreifus, Claudia. "Julian Bond [interview]," Progressive (8/98).
__________. "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar," "Myrlie Evers," "Samuel L. Jackson," "Toni Morrison," & "Andrew Young" in her Interview (NY: Seven Stories, 1999).
Dudziak, Mary. "Desegregation as a Cold War imperative," Stanford Law Review 41, 61 (11/88):61-120.
Estes, Steve. "'I am a man!': race, masculinity & the 1968 Memphis sanitation strike," Labor History 41 (2000):153-70.
Gaines, Kevin. "Rethinking race & class in African-American struggles for equality, 1885-1941," American Historical Review 102,2 (3/97):378-87.
Gambino, Ferruccio. "The transgression of a laborer: Malcolm X in the wilderness of America," Radical History Review 55 (win 93):7-32.
Garvey, Marcus & others. "Black nationalism: the early debate," Studies on the Left 4,3 (1964).
Gregor, A. James. "Black nationalism: a preliminary analysis of Negro radicalism," Science & Society 27 (1963):415-32.
Griffin, Larry & Robert R. Korstad. "Class as race & gender: making & breaking a labor union in the Jim Crow South," Social Science History 19 (1995):425-54.
Hall, Jacquelyn Dowd. "'You must remember this': autobiography as social critique," Journal of American History 85 (1998):439-65.
__________. "Broadus Mitchell, 1892-1988," Radical History Review 45 (1989):31-38.
Harding, Vincent. "Wrestling with the dawn: the Afro-American freedom movement & the changing Constitution," Journal of American History 74 (1987):718-39.
Horne, Gerald. "'Myth' & the making of 'Malcolm X'," American Historical Review 98,2 (4/93):440-50.
Levine, Lawrence W. "The historical odyssey of Nathan Irvin Huggins," Radical History Review 5 (win 1993):112-34.
Lewis, Earl. "To turn as on a pivot: writing African Americans into a history of overlapping diasporas," American Historical Review 100,3 (6/95):765-87.
Marable, Manning. "Black insurgency," in Buhle & Dawley (eds.) Working for Democracy (Urbana: U. Illinois, 1985), pp. 125-33.
__________. "Rethinking Black liberation: towards a new protest paradigm," Race & Class 38,4 (4/97):1-14.
__________. "Black fundamentalism: Farrakhan & conservative Black nationalism," Race & Class 39,4 (4/98):1-22.
Meriwether, James H. "African Americans & the Mau Mau Rebellion: militancy, violence & the struggle for freedom," Journal of American Ethnic History 17,4 (sum 98):63-86.
Muwakkil, Salim."All in the family," In These Times (12/25/95). Jesse Jackson.
__________. "Choosing between evils," In These Times (9/2/96). Search for a Black political agenda.
__________. "Deconstructing Blackness," In These Times (6/16/97). Critique of Jim Sleeper & Randall Kennedy, who've argued for "getting beyond" Black identity.
__________. "The big payback," In These Times (6/30/97). Black reparations.
__________. "Roots: the sequel," In These Times (7/14/97). Forthcoming Black Radical Congress (June 1998).
__________. "Letting go of the dream," In These Times (11/2/97). Rejecting ideal of integration.
__________. "Louis Farrakhan's new song," In These Times (4/5/98). Turn from anti-white racism to more orthodox Islam.
Nichols, John. "Cornell West [interview]," Progressive (1/97).
Painter, Nell Irvin. "Malcolm X across the genres," American Historical Review 88,2 (4/93):432-39.
Pérez, Marvette. "Interview with Bernice Johnson Reagon," Radical History Review 68 (spr 97):4-24.
Regna, Stephen P. "Arise ye mighty people! Gender, class & race in popular struggles," Identities 3 (8/96).
Richards, Paul. "W.E.B. DuBois & American social history: evolution of a Marxist," Radical America 4,8-9 (11/70):37-65.
Schultz, John. "An interview with Robert F. Williams," Studies on the Left 2,3 (1962).
Slaughter, Jane. "Henry Louis Gates Jr. [interview]," Progressive (1/98).
Steinberg, Stephen. "Up from slavery: the myth of Black progress," New Politics (sum 98):69-81.
Stephens, Michelle A. "Black transnationalism & the politics of national identity: West Indian intellectuals in Harlem in the age of war & revolution," American Quarterly 50 (1998):592-608.
Taylor, Ulla Y. "'Negro women are great thinkers as well as doers': Amy Jacques-Garvey & community feminism," Journal of Women's History 12 (spr 2000):104-26.
Thomas, Richard. "Blacks & the CIO," in Buhle & Dawley (eds.) Working for Democracy (Urbana: U. Illinois, 1985), pp. 93-100.
Thomas, Tony. "Leninism, Stalinism & Black nationalism," Black Liberation & Socialism (1974):157-76.
Tyson, Timothy. "Robert F. Williams, 'Black Power' & the roots of the African American freedom struggle," Journal of American History 85 (1998):540-70.
Wellman, David. "The new political linguistics of race," Socialist Review 87-88 (5-8/86):43-79.
West, Cornell. "Left strategies: a view from Afro-America," Socialist Review 86 (3-4/86):41-49.
Wicker, Tom. "Deserting the Democrats," Nation (6/17/96). Why Blacks & the poor should do it & found their own party.
Williamson, Arthur. "Lapses of reason," In These Times (3/18/96):16-18. Situates King & Farrakhan in Western intellectual history: Enlightenment vs. Romanticism. "Blood mysticism" of Farrakhan, rising since 60's, has about run its course.
Woodruff, Nan Elizabeth. "African-American struggles for Citizenship in the Arkansas & Mississippi Deltas in the age of Jim Crow," Radical History Review 5 (win 1993):33-52.
In the Library: Non-Fiction Books
Abu-Nimer, Mohammed. Nonviolence & Peace Building in Islam (Gainesville: U. of Florida, 2003).
Alexander, Peter. Racism, Resistance & Revolution (London: Bookmarks, 1987).
America, Richard F. Paying the Social Debt: What White America Owes Black America (Westport CT: Praeger, 1993).
Anner, John (ed.) Beyond Identity Politics: Emerging Social Justice Movements in Communities of Color (Boston, 1996).
Anthony, Earl. Spitting in the Wind: The True Story Behind the Violent Legacy of the Black Panther Party (Santa Monica: Roundtable, 1990).
Baldwin, James. Notes of a Native Son (Boston: Beacon, 1955).
__________. Nobody Knows My Name. More Notes of a Native Son (NY: Dial, 1961).
__________, The Fire Next Time (NY: Dial, 1963).
Baraka, Imamu Amiri. Kawaida Studies: The New Nationalism (Chicago: Third World, 1972).
Boggs, James. Racism & the Class Struggle: Futher Pages from a Black Worker's Notebook (NY: Monthly Review, 1970).
Bond, Julian. A Time to Speak, a Time to Act: The Movement in Politics (NY: Simon & Schuster, 1972).
__________ & Sondra Kathryn Wilson (eds.) Lift Every Voice & Sing: A Celebration of the Negro National Anthem (NY: Random House, 2000).
Breitman, George. Malcolm X, the Man & his Ideas (NY: Pioneer, 1965).
__________. The Last Year of Malcolm X: The Evolution of a Revolutionary (NY: Merit, 1967).
__________ et al. (eds.) The Assassination of Malcolm X (NY: Pathfinder, 1976).
Brown, Kevin. Malcolm X: His Life & Legacy (Brookfield CT: Millbrook, 1995).
Brown, Lloyd L. Stand Up for Freedom: The Negro People vs. the Smith Act (NY: New Century, 1952).
Brown, Tony. Black Lies, White Lies: The Truth According to Tony Brown (NY: Morrow, 1995).
Burns, Stewart (ed.) Daybreak of Freedom: The Montgomery Bus Boycott (Chapel Hill: U. North Carolina, 1997).
Carmichael, Stokely & Charles V. Hamilton. Black Power. The Politics of Liberation in America (NY, 1967).
Carson, Clayborne. Malcolm X: the FBI File (NY: Carroll & Graf, 1991).
Chapman, Mark L. Christianity on Trial: African-American Religious Thought before & after Black Power (Maryknoll NY: Orbis, 1996).
Carmichael, Stokely. Black Power: The Politics of Liberation in America (NY: Random House, 1967).
__________. Stokely Speaks: Black Power back to Pan-Africanism (NY: Random House, 1971).
__________ with Ekueme Michael Thelwell. Ready for Revolution: The Life & Struggles of Stokely Carmichael (NY: Scribner, 2003).
Childs, John Brown. Leadership, Conflict, & Cooperation in Afro-American Social Thought (?,?).
Chireau, Yvonne & Nathanial Deutsch (eds.) Black Zion: African American Religious Encounters with Judaism (NY: Oxford, 2000).
Cleage, Albert B. The Black Messiah (NY: Sheed & Ward, 1968).
Cleaver, Kathleen & George N. Katsiaficas (eds.) Liberation, Imagination, & the Black Panther Party: A New Look at the Panthers & their Legacy (NY: Routledge, 2001).
Cobb, William Jelani. The Essential Harold Cruse: A Reader (NY?: Palgrave, 2002).
Collins, David R. Malcolm X: Black Rage (NY: Dillon, 1992).
Collins, Rodnell P. Seventh Child: A Family Memoir of Malcolm X (Secaucus NJ: Carol, 1998).
Cruse, Harold. Crisis of the Negro Intellectual: A Historical Analysis of the Failure of Black Leadership (?, 1967).
Draper, Theodore. The Rediscovery of Black Nationalism (London, 1971).
Duberman, Martin. Paul Robeson (NY: Knopf, 1988).
Essien-Udom, E.U. Black Nationalism. A Search for an Identity in America (Chicago, 1962).
Fradin, Dennis Brindell & Judith Bloom Fradin. Ida B. Wells: Mother of the Civil Rights Movement (NY: Clarion, 2000).
Franklin, V.P. et al. (eds.) African Americans & Jews in the 20th C.: Studies in Convergence & Conflict (NY: Columbia U., 1998).
Fraser, George C. Success Runs in Our Race: A Complete Guide to Effective Networking in the Black Community (NY: Amistad, 2004).
Fredrickson, George M. Black Liberation: A Comparative History of Black Ideologies in the US & South Africa (NY, 1995).
Hacker, Andrew. Two Nations, Black & White: Separate, Hostile, Unequal (NY: Ballantine, 1995).
Hall, R.L. Black Separatism & Social Reality (NY: Oxford, 1977).
Halpern, Rick & Roger Horowitz. Meatpackers: An Oral History of Black Packinghouse Workers & their Struggle for Racial & Economic Equality (NY: Monthly Review, 199?).
Hamblin, Ken. Pick a Better Country: An Unassuming Colored Guy Speaks His Mind About America (NY: Simon & Schuster, 1996).
Hamilton, Charles V. (ed.) The Black Experience in American Politics (NY, 1973).
Harding, Vincent. The Other American Revolution (Los Angeles: UCLA, 1980).
__________. There is a River: The Black Struggle for Freedom in America (NY: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981).
__________. Hope & History: Why We Must Share the History of the Movement (Maryknoll NY: Orbis, 1990).
__________; Robin D.G. Kelley & Earl Lewis. We Changed the World: African Americans, 1945-1970 (NY: Oxford, 1997).
Herndon, Angelo. Let Me Live [1937] (NY: Arno, 1969).
Humphrey, Norman D. & Alfred McClung Lee. Race Riot: A First-Hand Observation of the 1943 Detroit Riots [1943] (NY: Octagon, 1970).
Hutchinson, Earl Ofari. The Myth of Black Capitalism (NY: Monthly Review, 1970).
__________. Let Your Motto Be Resistance: The Life & Thought of Henry Highland Garnet (Boston: Beacon, 1972).
__________. Blacks & Reds: Race & Class in Conflict, 1919-1990 (East Lansing, 1995).
__________. The Assassination of the Black Male Image (NY: Simon & Schuster, 1996).
__________. Betrayed: A History of Presidential Failure to Protect Black Lives (Boulder: Westview, 1996).
__________. Beyond O.J.: Race, Sex, & Class Lessons for America (Los Angeles: Middle Passage, 1996).
__________. The Crisis in Black & Black (Los Angeles: Middle Passage, 1998).
Isaacs, Harold R. The New World of Negro Americans (NY, 1964). On Black American experiences in West Africa.
Jenness, Valerie & Ryken Grattet. Making Hate a Crime. From Social Movement to Law Enforcement (NY, 2001).
Johnson, Ernest H. Brothers on the Mend: Understanding & Healing Anger for African American Men & Women (NY: Pocket, 1995).
Kelley, Robin D.G. Freedom Dreams: The Black Radical Imagination (Boston:Beacon, 2002).
_______________. Race Rebels (Boston: Beacon, 1994).
_______________. Hammer & Hoe (Boston:Beacon,1990).
Kenan, Randall. James Baldwin (NY: Chelsea House, 1994).
Lefkowitz, Mary. Not Out of Africa: How Afrocentrism Became an Excuse to Teach Myth as History (NY, 1996).
__________ & Guy MacLean Rogers (eds.) Black Athena Revisited (Chapel Hill: U. North Carolina, 1996).
Lipsitz, George. A Life in the Struggle: Ivory Perry & the Culture of Opposition (Philadelphia: Temple, 1995).
Lomax, Louis E. The Negro Revolt (NY: Harper, 1962; rev. ed. 1971).
__________. To Kill a Black Man (Los Angeles: Holloway House, 1968).
Perry, Jeffrey B. (ed.) A Hubert Harrison Reader (Middletown CT: Wesleyan U., 2001). Socialist & later "New Negro" militant, theorist, writer & editor of early 20th c., notable among other things for spirited critiques of Washington, DuBois, Randolph, Garvey & Harlem Renaissance writers.
Marable, Manning. Race, Reform, & Rebellion: The Second Reconstruction in Black America, 1945-1960 (Jackson: U. Mississippi, 1984).
__________. Black American Politics: From the Washington Marches to Jesse Jackson (London, 1985).
Marks, Carole. Farewell: We're Good & Gone. The Great Black Migration (Bloomington: U. Indiana, 1989).
Marqusee, Mike. Redemption Song: Muhammad Ali & the Spirit of the Sixties (NY: Verso, 2005).
Marx, Gary T. Protest & Prejudice: A Study of Belief in the Black Community (rev ed.; NY: Harper & Row, 1969).
McAdam, Doug. Political Process & the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930-1970 (Chicago: U. Chicago, 1992).
McClain, Paula D. & Joseph Stewart Jr. "Can We All Get Along?": Racial & Ethnic Minorities in American Politics [1995] (Boulder: Westview, 2002).
McCall, Nathan. Makes Me Wanna Holler: A Young Man in Black America (NY, 1994).
Naison, Mark. Communities in Harlem During the Depression (NY: Grove, 1985).
Newman, Richard. Words Like Freedom: Essays on African-American Culture & History (West Cornwall CT: Locust Hill, 1996).
Okihiro, Gary Y. In Resistance: Studies in African, Caribbean & Afro-American History (Amherst MA, 1986).
Ortiz, Paul. Emancipation Betrayed: The Hidden History of Black Organizing & White Violence in Florida from Reconstruction to the Bloody Election of 1920 (Berkeley: U. of California, 2005).
Osofsky, Gilbert. Harlem: The Making of a Ghetto. Negro New York, 1890-1930 (NY: Harper & Row, 1966).
Ottley, Roi. New World A-Coming: Inside Black America (NY: Arno, 1968). Black reporter's story of Blacks in and out of government during the New Deal.
__________ & William J. Weatherby. The Negro in New York: An Informal Social History, 1626-1940 (NY: Praeger, 1969).
Painter, Nell Irvin (ed.) The Narrative of Hosea Hudson: His Life as a Negro Communist in the South (Cambridge MA: Harvard, 1979).
Payne, Charles M. & Adam Green (eds.) Time Longer Than Rope: A Century of African American Activism, 1850-1950 (NY: NYU, 2003).
Peery, Nelson. Black Fire: the Making of an American Revolutionary (NY: New Press, 1994).
Radford-Hill, Sheila. Further to Fly: Black Women & the Politics of Empowerment (Minneapolis: U. Minnesota, 2000).
Reed, Adolph. The Jesse Jackson Phenomenon (New Haven, 1986).
Robbins, Anthony & Joseph McClendon III. Unlimited Power: A Black Choice (NY: Simon & Schuster, 1997).
Robinson, Cedric J. Black Marxism: The Making of a Black Radical Tradition (London: Zed, 1983).
__________. Black Movements in America (NY: Routledge, 1997).
Robinson, James L. Racism or Attitude? The Ongoing Struggle for Black Liberation & Self-Esteem (NY: Insight, 1995).
Robinson, Randall. Defending the Spirit: A Black Life in America (NY: Dutton, 1998). Founder of Trans Africa.
__________. The Debt: What America Owes to Blacks (NY: Dutton, 2000).
__________. The Reckoning: What Blacks Owe to Each Other (NY: Dutton, 2002).
__________. Quitting America: The Departure of a Black Man from His Native Land (NY: Dutton, 20040.
Shabazz, Ilyasah with Kim McLarin. Growing Up X (NY: Ballantine, 2002). Malcolm's daughter.
Sims, Patsy. Cleveland Benjamin's Dead: A Struggle for Dignity in the Louisiana Cane Country (Athens GA: U. Georgia, 1994).
Skrentny, John D. The Minority Rights Revolution (Cambridge MA: Belknap, 2002).
Spear, Allan H. Black Chicago: The Making of a Negro Ghetto, 1890-1920 (Chicago: U. Chicago, 1968).
Spencer, Jon Michael. The New Colored People. The Mixed-Race Movement in America (NY: NYU, 1997).
Stack, Carol. Call to Home. African Americans Reclaim the Rural South (NY, 1996).
Staples, Brent. Parallel Lives: Growing Up Black & White (NY: Pantheon, 1994).
Stein, Judith. The World of Marcus Garvey: Race & Class in Modern Society (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State U., 1986).
Steinberg, Stephen. Turning Back: The Retreat from Racial Justice in American Thought & Policy (Boston, 1995).
Sternsher, Bernard (ed.). The Negro in Depression & War. Prelude to Revolution, 1930-1945 (Chicago: Quadrangle, 1970).
Sullivan, Patricia. Days of Hope: Race & Democracy in the New Deal Era (Chapel Hill: U. North Carolina, 1996).
Takaki, Ronald T. Violence in the Black Imagination: Essays & Documents [1972] (rev. ed. NY: Oxford, 1993).
Trotter, Joe William Jr. River Jordan: African American Urban Life in the Ohio Valley (Lexington KY: U. Kentucky, 1998).
Tyson, Timothy B. Radio Free Dixie: Robert F. Williams & the Roots of Black Power (Chapel Hill: U. North Carolina, 1999).
Vincent, Ted. Black Power & the Garvey Movement (NY, 1970).
__________. Keep Cool: the Black Activists Who Built the Jazz Age (London: Pluto, 1995).
Walker, Alice. Anything We Love Can Be Save: A Writer's Activism (NY, 1997).
Ward, Brian. Media, Culture & the Modern African American Freedom Struggle (Gainesville: U. Florida, 2001).
Weisbord, Robert G. Ebony Kinship: Africa, Africans & the Afro-American (Westport CT, 1974).
Williams, Armstrong. Beyond Blame: How We Can Succeed by Breaking the Dependency Barrier (NY: Free Press, 1995).
Wilson, Carter A. Racism: From Slavery to Advanced Capitalism (Thousand Oaks CA: Sage, 1996).
Winston, James. Holding Aloft the Banner of Ethiopia: Caribbean Radicalism in Early 20th-C. America (NY: Verso, 1998).
Wolters, Raymond. The New Negro on Campus. Black College Rebellions of the 1920s (Princeton: Princeton U., 1975).
Wood, Richard L. Faith in Action: Religion, Race, & Democratic Organizing in America (Chicago: U. Chicago, 2002).
Woodard, Komozi. A Nation within a Nation. Amiri Baraka (LeRoi Jones) & Black Power Politics (Chapel Hil: U North Carolinal, 1998).
Woods, Clyde. Development Arrested: The Blues & Plantation Power in the Mississippi Delta (London: Verso, 1998).\
Wright, W.D. Racism Matters (Westport CT: Praeger, 1998).
X, Malcolm. The Autobiography of Malcolm X [1965] (NY: Ballantine, 1992).
In the Library: Fiction
Robinson, Randall. The Emancipation of Wakefield Clay: A Novel (London: Bogle-L'Ouverture, 1978).
In the Library: For Young Readers
In the Library: Poetry
Maya Angelou, "And Still I Rise," in her (?, 1978).
In the Library: Drama
Baldwin, James. Blues for Mister Charlie (NY: Dial, 1964).
Smith, Anna Deveare. Fires in the Mirror (NY, 1993). One-woman play about the confrontation between Blacks & Hasidim in Brooklyn's Crown Heights.
In the Library: Photography
Davis, Thulani. Malcolm X: The Great Photographs (NY: Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 1993).
CD & Audio
"Like a King," "How Many Miles Must We March?" & "I'll Rise" on Ben Harper's Welcome to the Cruel World, EMI Virgin Music.
"A. Philip Randolph: For Jobs & Freedom" [1996], dir. Dante James, 86m.
"Cousin Bobby" [1992], dir. Jonathan Demme, 70m. In video stores. Racial injustice & Black Panthers in Jersey City, seen through eyes of a white sympathizer.
"Death of a Prophet: The Last Days of Malcolm X" [1991], dir. Woodie King Jr., 60m. From Essenay Entertainment.
"Malcolm X" [1972], dir. Arnold Perl, 91m. In video stores.
"Malcolm X" [1992], dir. Spike Lee, 202m. In video stores.
"Malcolm X: Make it Plain" [1994], dir. Orlando Bagwell, 150m.
"Marcus Garvey: Look for Me in the Whirlwind" [2000], dir. Stanley Nelson, ?m. "Back to Africa" movement of 1920s.
Monterey Bay Educators Against War
Last modified July 12, 2005 [email protected] Help build this page
Home | Resources | Suggested Actions | Members' Writings | About MBEAW | Search | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
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#include "Rts.h"
#if defined(linux_HOST_OS) || defined(solaris2_HOST_OS) \
|| defined(linux_android_HOST_OS) \
|| defined(freebsd_HOST_OS) || defined(kfreebsdgnu_HOST_OS) \
|| defined(dragonfly_HOST_OS) || defined(netbsd_HOST_OS) \
|| defined(openbsd_HOST_OS) || defined(gnu_HOST_OS)
// It is essential that this is included before any <elf.h> is included. <elf.h>
// defines R_XXX relocations, which would interfere with the COMPAT_R_XXX
// relocations we generate. E.g. COMPAT_ ## R_ARM_ARM32 would end up as
// const unsigned COMPAT_3 = 0x03; instead of
// const unsigned COMPAT_R_ARM_ARM32 = 0x03;
#include "elf_compat.h"
#include "RtsUtils.h"
#include "RtsSymbolInfo.h"
#include "linker/Elf.h"
#include "linker/CacheFlush.h"
#include "linker/M32Alloc.h"
#include "linker/SymbolExtras.h"
#include "sm/OSMem.h"
#include "GetEnv.h"
#include "linker/util.h"
#include "linker/elf_util.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#if defined(HAVE_SYS_STAT_H)
#include <sys/stat.h>
#endif
#if defined(HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H)
#include <sys/types.h>
#endif
#if defined(HAVE_FCNTL_H)
#include <fcntl.h>
#endif
#if defined(dragonfly_HOST_OS)
#include <sys/tls.h>
#endif
/* on x86_64 we have a problem with relocating symbol references in
* code that was compiled without -fPIC. By default, the small memory
* model is used, which assumes that symbol references can fit in a
* 32-bit slot. The system dynamic linker makes this work for
* references to shared libraries by either (a) allocating a jump
* table slot for code references, or (b) moving the symbol at load
* time (and copying its contents, if necessary) for data references.
*
* We unfortunately can't tell whether symbol references are to code
* or data. So for now we assume they are code (the vast majority
* are), and allocate jump-table slots. Unfortunately this will
* SILENTLY generate crashing code for data references. This hack is
* enabled by X86_64_ELF_NONPIC_HACK.
*
* One workaround is to use shared Haskell libraries. This is
* coming. Another workaround is to keep the static libraries but
* compile them with -fPIC, because that will generate PIC references
* to data which can be relocated. The PIC code is still too green to
* do this systematically, though.
*
* See bug #781
* See thread http://www.haskell.org/pipermail/cvs-ghc/2007-September/038458.html
*
* Naming Scheme for Symbol Macros
*
* SymI_*: symbol is internal to the RTS. It resides in an object
* file/library that is statically.
* SymE_*: symbol is external to the RTS library. It might be linked
* dynamically.
*
* Sym*_HasProto : the symbol prototype is imported in an include file
* or defined explicitly
* Sym*_NeedsProto: the symbol is undefined and we add a dummy
* default proto extern void sym(void);
*/
#define X86_64_ELF_NONPIC_HACK 1
#if defined(sparc_HOST_ARCH)
# define ELF_TARGET_SPARC /* Used inside <elf.h> */
#elif defined(i386_HOST_ARCH)
# define ELF_TARGET_386 /* Used inside <elf.h> */
#elif defined(x86_64_HOST_ARCH)
# define ELF_TARGET_X64_64
# define ELF_TARGET_AMD64 /* Used inside <elf.h> on Solaris 11 */
#endif
#if !defined(openbsd_HOST_OS)
# include <elf.h>
#else
/* openbsd elf has things in different places, with diff names */
# include <elf_abi.h>
#endif
#if defined(arm_HOST_ARCH) || defined(aarch64_HOST_ARCH)
# define NEED_GOT
# define NEED_PLT
# include "elf_got.h"
# include "elf_plt.h"
# include "elf_reloc.h"
#endif
/*
Note [Many ELF Sections]
The normal section number fields in ELF are limited to 16 bits, which runs
out of bits when you try to cram in more sections than that.
To solve this, the fields e_shnum and e_shstrndx in the ELF header have an
escape value (different for each case), and the actual section number is
stashed into unused fields in the first section header.
For symbols, there seems to have been no place in the actual symbol table
for the extra bits, so the indexes have been moved into an auxiliary
section instead.
For symbols in sections beyond 0xff00, the symbol's st_shndx will be an
escape value (SHN_XINDEX), and the actual 32-bit section number for symbol N
is stored at index N in the SHT_SYMTAB_SHNDX table.
These extensions seem to be undocumented in version 4.1 of the ABI and only
appear in the drafts for the "next" version:
https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/elf/gabi4+/contents.html
*/
static Elf_Word elf_shnum(Elf_Ehdr* ehdr)
{
Elf_Shdr* shdr = (Elf_Shdr*) ((char*)ehdr + ehdr->e_shoff);
Elf_Half shnum = ehdr->e_shnum;
return shnum != SHN_UNDEF ? shnum : shdr[0].sh_size;
}
static Elf_Word elf_shstrndx(Elf_Ehdr* ehdr)
{
Elf_Half shstrndx = ehdr->e_shstrndx;
#if defined(SHN_XINDEX)
Elf_Shdr* shdr = (Elf_Shdr*) ((char*)ehdr + ehdr->e_shoff);
return shstrndx != SHN_XINDEX ? shstrndx : shdr[0].sh_link;
#else
// some OSes do not support SHN_XINDEX yet, let's revert to
// old way
return shstrndx;
#endif
}
#if defined(SHN_XINDEX)
static Elf_Word*
get_shndx_table(Elf_Ehdr* ehdr)
{
Elf_Word i;
char* ehdrC = (char*)ehdr;
Elf_Shdr* shdr = (Elf_Shdr*) (ehdrC + ehdr->e_shoff);
const Elf_Word shnum = elf_shnum(ehdr);
for (i = 0; i < shnum; i++) {
if (shdr[i].sh_type == SHT_SYMTAB_SHNDX) {
return (Elf32_Word*)(ehdrC + shdr[i].sh_offset);
}
}
return NULL;
}
#endif
/*
* ocInit and ocDeinit
*/
void
ocInit_ELF(ObjectCode * oc)
{
oc->info = (struct ObjectCodeFormatInfo*)stgCallocBytes(
1, sizeof *oc->info,
"ocInit_Elf(ObjectCodeFormatInfo)");
// TODO: fill info
oc->info->elfHeader = (Elf_Ehdr *)oc->image;
oc->info->programHeader = (Elf_Phdr *) ((uint8_t*)oc->image
+ oc->info->elfHeader->e_phoff);
oc->info->sectionHeader = (Elf_Shdr *) ((uint8_t*)oc->image
+ oc->info->elfHeader->e_shoff);
oc->info->sectionHeaderStrtab = (char*)((uint8_t*)oc->image +
oc->info->sectionHeader[oc->info->elfHeader->e_shstrndx].sh_offset);
oc->n_sections = elf_shnum(oc->info->elfHeader);
/* get the symbol table(s) */
for(int i=0; i < oc->n_sections; i++) {
if(SHT_REL == oc->info->sectionHeader[i].sh_type) {
ElfRelocationTable *relTab = (ElfRelocationTable *)stgCallocBytes(
1, sizeof(ElfRelocationTable),
"ocInit_Elf(ElfRelocationTable");
relTab->index = i;
relTab->relocations =
(Elf_Rel*) ((uint8_t*)oc->info->elfHeader
+ oc->info->sectionHeader[i].sh_offset);
relTab->n_relocations = oc->info->sectionHeader[i].sh_size
/ sizeof(Elf_Rel);
relTab->targetSectionIndex = oc->info->sectionHeader[i].sh_info;
relTab->sectionHeader = &oc->info->sectionHeader[i];
if(oc->info->relTable == NULL) {
oc->info->relTable = relTab;
} else {
ElfRelocationTable * tail = oc->info->relTable;
while(tail->next != NULL) tail = tail->next;
tail->next = relTab;
}
} else if(SHT_RELA == oc->info->sectionHeader[i].sh_type) {
ElfRelocationATable *relTab = (ElfRelocationATable *)stgCallocBytes(
1, sizeof(ElfRelocationATable),
"ocInit_Elf(ElfRelocationTable");
relTab->index = i;
relTab->relocations =
(Elf_Rela*) ((uint8_t*)oc->info->elfHeader
+ oc->info->sectionHeader[i].sh_offset);
relTab->n_relocations = oc->info->sectionHeader[i].sh_size
/ sizeof(Elf_Rela);
relTab->targetSectionIndex = oc->info->sectionHeader[i].sh_info;
relTab->sectionHeader = &oc->info->sectionHeader[i];
if(oc->info->relaTable == NULL) {
oc->info->relaTable = relTab;
} else {
ElfRelocationATable * tail = oc->info->relaTable;
while(tail->next != NULL) tail = tail->next;
tail->next = relTab;
}
} else if(SHT_SYMTAB == oc->info->sectionHeader[i].sh_type) {
ElfSymbolTable *symTab = (ElfSymbolTable *)stgCallocBytes(
1, sizeof(ElfSymbolTable),
"ocInit_Elf(ElfSymbolTable");
symTab->index = i; /* store the original index, so we can later
* find or assert that we are dealing with the
* correct symbol table */
Elf_Sym *stab = (Elf_Sym*)((uint8_t*)oc->info->elfHeader
+ oc->info->sectionHeader[i].sh_offset);
symTab->n_symbols = oc->info->sectionHeader[i].sh_size
/ sizeof(Elf_Sym);
symTab->symbols = (ElfSymbol *)stgCallocBytes(
symTab->n_symbols, sizeof(ElfSymbol),
"ocInit_Elf(ElfSymbol)");
/* get the strings table */
size_t lnkIdx = oc->info->sectionHeader[i].sh_link;
symTab->names = (char*)(uint8_t*)oc->info->elfHeader
+ oc->info->sectionHeader[lnkIdx].sh_offset;
/* build the ElfSymbols from the symbols */
for(size_t j=0; j < symTab->n_symbols; j++) {
symTab->symbols[j].name = stab[j].st_name == 0
? "(noname)"
: symTab->names + stab[j].st_name;
symTab->symbols[j].elf_sym = &stab[j];
/* we don't have an address for this symbol yet; this will be
* populated during ocGetNames. hence addr = NULL.
*/
symTab->symbols[j].addr = NULL;
symTab->symbols[j].got_addr = NULL;
}
/* append the ElfSymbolTable */
if(oc->info->symbolTables == NULL) {
oc->info->symbolTables = symTab;
} else {
ElfSymbolTable * tail = oc->info->symbolTables;
while(tail->next != NULL) tail = tail->next;
tail->next = symTab;
}
}
}
}
void
ocDeinit_ELF(ObjectCode * oc)
{
/* free all ElfSymbolTables, and their associated
* ElfSymbols
*/
if(oc->info != NULL) {
#if defined(NEED_GOT)
freeGot(oc);
#endif
ElfSymbolTable * last = oc->info->symbolTables;
while(last != NULL) {
ElfSymbolTable * t = last;
last = last->next;
stgFree(t->symbols);
stgFree(t);
}
{
ElfRelocationTable *last = oc->info->relTable;
while (last != NULL) {
ElfRelocationTable *t = last;
last = last->next;
stgFree(t);
}
}
{
ElfRelocationATable *last = oc->info->relaTable;
while (last != NULL) {
ElfRelocationATable *t = last;
last = last->next;
stgFree(t);
}
}
stgFree(oc->info);
}
}
/*
* Generic ELF functions
*/
int
ocVerifyImage_ELF ( ObjectCode* oc )
{
Elf_Shdr* shdr;
Elf_Sym* stab;
int j, nent, nstrtab, nsymtabs;
Elf_Word i, shnum, shstrndx;
char* sh_strtab;
char* ehdrC = (char*)(oc->image);
Elf_Ehdr* ehdr = (Elf_Ehdr*)ehdrC;
if (ehdr->e_ident[EI_MAG0] != ELFMAG0 ||
ehdr->e_ident[EI_MAG1] != ELFMAG1 ||
ehdr->e_ident[EI_MAG2] != ELFMAG2 ||
ehdr->e_ident[EI_MAG3] != ELFMAG3) {
errorBelch("%s: not an ELF object", oc->fileName);
return 0;
}
if (ehdr->e_ident[EI_CLASS] != ELFCLASS) {
errorBelch("%s: unsupported ELF format", oc->fileName);
return 0;
}
if (ehdr->e_ident[EI_DATA] == ELFDATA2LSB) {
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch( "Is little-endian\n" ));
} else
if (ehdr->e_ident[EI_DATA] == ELFDATA2MSB) {
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch( "Is big-endian\n" ));
} else {
errorBelch("%s: unknown endianness", oc->fileName);
return 0;
}
if (ehdr->e_type != ET_REL) {
errorBelch("%s: not a relocatable object (.o) file", oc->fileName);
return 0;
}
IF_DEBUG(linker, debugBelch( "Is a relocatable object (.o) file\n" ));
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch( "Architecture is " ));
switch (ehdr->e_machine) {
#if defined(EM_ARM)
case EM_ARM: IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch( "arm" )); break;
#endif
case EM_386: IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch( "x86" )); break;
#if defined(EM_SPARC32PLUS)
case EM_SPARC32PLUS:
#endif
case EM_SPARC: IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch( "sparc" )); break;
#if defined(EM_IA_64)
case EM_IA_64: IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch( "ia64" )); break;
#endif
case EM_PPC: IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch( "powerpc32" )); break;
#if defined(EM_PPC64)
case EM_PPC64: IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch( "powerpc64" ));
errorBelch("%s: RTS linker not implemented on PowerPC 64-bit",
oc->fileName);
return 0;
#endif
#if defined(EM_X86_64)
case EM_X86_64: IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch( "x86_64" )); break;
#elif defined(EM_AMD64)
case EM_AMD64: IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch( "amd64" )); break;
#endif
#if defined(EM_AARCH64)
case EM_AARCH64: IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch( "aarch64" )); break;
#endif
default: IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch( "unknown" ));
errorBelch("%s: unknown architecture (e_machine == %d)"
, oc->fileName, ehdr->e_machine);
return 0;
}
shnum = elf_shnum(ehdr);
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch(
"\nSection header table: start %ld, n_entries %d, ent_size %d\n",
(long)ehdr->e_shoff, shnum, ehdr->e_shentsize ));
ASSERT(ehdr->e_shentsize == sizeof(Elf_Shdr));
shdr = (Elf_Shdr*) (ehdrC + ehdr->e_shoff);
shstrndx = elf_shstrndx(ehdr);
if (shstrndx == SHN_UNDEF) {
errorBelch("%s: no section header string table", oc->fileName);
return 0;
} else {
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch( "Section header string table is section %d\n",
shstrndx));
sh_strtab = ehdrC + shdr[shstrndx].sh_offset;
}
for (i = 0; i < shnum; i++) {
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch("%2d: ", i ));
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch("type=%2d ", (int)shdr[i].sh_type ));
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch("size=%4d ", (int)shdr[i].sh_size ));
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch("offs=%4d ", (int)shdr[i].sh_offset ));
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch(" (%p .. %p) ",
ehdrC + shdr[i].sh_offset,
ehdrC + shdr[i].sh_offset + shdr[i].sh_size - 1));
#define SECTION_INDEX_VALID(ndx) (ndx > SHN_UNDEF && ndx < shnum)
switch (shdr[i].sh_type) {
case SHT_REL:
case SHT_RELA:
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch( shdr[i].sh_type == SHT_REL ? "Rel " : "RelA "));
if (!SECTION_INDEX_VALID(shdr[i].sh_link)) {
if (shdr[i].sh_link == SHN_UNDEF)
errorBelch("\n%s: relocation section #%d has no symbol table\n"
"This object file has probably been fully stripped. "
"Such files cannot be linked.\n",
oc->archiveMemberName ? oc->archiveMemberName : oc->fileName, i);
else
errorBelch("\n%s: relocation section #%d has an invalid link field (%d)\n",
oc->archiveMemberName ? oc->archiveMemberName : oc->fileName,
i, shdr[i].sh_link);
return 0;
}
if (shdr[shdr[i].sh_link].sh_type != SHT_SYMTAB) {
errorBelch("\n%s: relocation section #%d does not link to a symbol table\n",
oc->archiveMemberName ? oc->archiveMemberName : oc->fileName, i);
return 0;
}
if (!SECTION_INDEX_VALID(shdr[i].sh_info)) {
errorBelch("\n%s: relocation section #%d has an invalid info field (%d)\n",
oc->archiveMemberName ? oc->archiveMemberName : oc->fileName,
i, shdr[i].sh_info);
return 0;
}
break;
case SHT_SYMTAB:
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch("Sym "));
if (!SECTION_INDEX_VALID(shdr[i].sh_link)) {
errorBelch("\n%s: symbol table section #%d has an invalid link field (%d)\n",
oc->archiveMemberName ? oc->archiveMemberName : oc->fileName,
i, shdr[i].sh_link);
return 0;
}
if (shdr[shdr[i].sh_link].sh_type != SHT_STRTAB) {
errorBelch("\n%s: symbol table section #%d does not link to a string table\n",
oc->archiveMemberName ? oc->archiveMemberName : oc->fileName, i);
return 0;
}
break;
case SHT_STRTAB: IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch("Str ")); break;
default: IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch(" ")); break;
}
if (sh_strtab) {
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch("sname=%s\n", sh_strtab + shdr[i].sh_name ));
}
}
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch( "\nString tables\n" ));
nstrtab = 0;
for (i = 0; i < shnum; i++) {
if (shdr[i].sh_type == SHT_STRTAB
/* Ignore the section header's string table. */
&& i != shstrndx
/* Ignore string tables named .stabstr, as they contain
debugging info. */
&& 0 != memcmp(".stabstr", sh_strtab + shdr[i].sh_name, 8)
) {
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch(" section %d is a normal string table\n", i ));
nstrtab++;
}
}
if (nstrtab == 0) {
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch(" no normal string tables (potentially, but not necessarily a problem)\n"));
}
#if defined(SHN_XINDEX)
Elf_Word* shndxTable = get_shndx_table(ehdr);
#endif
nsymtabs = 0;
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch( "Symbol tables\n" ));
for (i = 0; i < shnum; i++) {
if (shdr[i].sh_type != SHT_SYMTAB) continue;
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch( "section %d is a symbol table\n", i ));
nsymtabs++;
stab = (Elf_Sym*) (ehdrC + shdr[i].sh_offset);
nent = shdr[i].sh_size / sizeof(Elf_Sym);
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch( " number of entries is apparently %d (%ld rem)\n",
nent,
(long)shdr[i].sh_size % sizeof(Elf_Sym)
));
if (0 != shdr[i].sh_size % sizeof(Elf_Sym)) {
errorBelch("%s: non-integral number of symbol table entries", oc->fileName);
return 0;
}
for (j = 0; j < nent; j++) {
Elf_Word secno = stab[j].st_shndx;
#if defined(SHN_XINDEX)
/* See Note [Many ELF Sections] */
if (secno == SHN_XINDEX) {
ASSERT(shndxTable);
secno = shndxTable[j];
}
#endif
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch(" %2d ", j ));
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch(" sec=%-5d size=%-3d val=%5p ",
(int)secno,
(int)stab[j].st_size,
(char*)stab[j].st_value ));
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch("type=" ));
switch (ELF_ST_TYPE(stab[j].st_info)) {
case STT_NOTYPE: IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch("notype " )); break;
case STT_OBJECT: IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch("object " )); break;
case STT_FUNC : IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch("func " )); break;
case STT_SECTION: IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch("section" )); break;
case STT_FILE: IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch("file " )); break;
default: IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch("? " )); break;
}
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch(" " ));
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch("bind=" ));
switch (ELF_ST_BIND(stab[j].st_info)) {
case STB_LOCAL : IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch("local " )); break;
case STB_GLOBAL: IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch("global" )); break;
case STB_WEAK : IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch("weak " )); break;
default: IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch("? " )); break;
}
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch(" " ));
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch("other=%2x ", stab[j].st_other ));
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch("name=%s [%x]\n",
ehdrC + shdr[shdr[i].sh_link].sh_offset
+ stab[j].st_name, stab[j].st_name ));
}
}
if (nsymtabs == 0) {
// Not having a symbol table is not in principle a problem.
// When an object file has no symbols then the 'strip' program
// typically will remove the symbol table entirely.
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch(" no symbol tables (potentially, but not necessarily a problem)\n"));
}
return 1;
}
/* Figure out what kind of section it is. Logic derived from
Figure 1.14 ("Special Sections") of the ELF document
("Portable Formats Specification, Version 1.1"). */
static int getSectionKind_ELF( Elf_Shdr *hdr, int *is_bss )
{
*is_bss = false;
if (hdr->sh_type == SHT_PROGBITS
&& (hdr->sh_flags & SHF_ALLOC) && (hdr->sh_flags & SHF_EXECINSTR)) {
/* .text-style section */
return SECTIONKIND_CODE_OR_RODATA;
}
if (hdr->sh_type == SHT_PROGBITS
&& (hdr->sh_flags & SHF_ALLOC) && (hdr->sh_flags & SHF_WRITE)) {
/* .data-style section */
return SECTIONKIND_RWDATA;
}
if (hdr->sh_type == SHT_PROGBITS
&& (hdr->sh_flags & SHF_ALLOC) && !(hdr->sh_flags & SHF_WRITE)) {
/* .rodata-style section */
return SECTIONKIND_CODE_OR_RODATA;
}
#if defined(SHT_INIT_ARRAY)
if (hdr->sh_type == SHT_INIT_ARRAY
&& (hdr->sh_flags & SHF_ALLOC) && (hdr->sh_flags & SHF_WRITE)) {
/* .init_array section */
return SECTIONKIND_INIT_ARRAY;
}
#endif /* not SHT_INIT_ARRAY */
if (hdr->sh_type == SHT_NOBITS
&& (hdr->sh_flags & SHF_ALLOC) && (hdr->sh_flags & SHF_WRITE)) {
/* .bss-style section */
*is_bss = true;
return SECTIONKIND_RWDATA;
}
return SECTIONKIND_OTHER;
}
#if !defined(NEED_PLT)
static void *
mapObjectFileSection (int fd, Elf_Word offset, Elf_Word size,
void **mapped_start, StgWord *mapped_size,
StgWord *mapped_offset)
{
void *p;
size_t pageOffset, pageSize;
pageOffset = roundDownToPage(offset);
pageSize = roundUpToPage(offset-pageOffset+size);
p = mmapForLinker(pageSize, 0, fd, pageOffset);
if (p == NULL) return NULL;
*mapped_size = pageSize;
*mapped_offset = pageOffset;
*mapped_start = p;
return (void*)((StgWord)p + offset - pageOffset);
}
#endif
int
ocGetNames_ELF ( ObjectCode* oc )
{
Elf_Word i;
int result, fd = -1;
char* ehdrC = (char*)(oc->image);
Elf_Ehdr* ehdr = (Elf_Ehdr*)ehdrC;
Elf_Shdr* shdr = (Elf_Shdr*) (ehdrC + ehdr->e_shoff);
Section * sections;
#if defined(SHN_XINDEX)
Elf_Word* shndxTable = get_shndx_table(ehdr);
#endif
const Elf_Word shnum = elf_shnum(ehdr);
ASSERT(symhash != NULL);
sections = (Section*)stgCallocBytes(sizeof(Section), shnum,
"ocGetNames_ELF(sections)");
oc->sections = sections;
oc->n_sections = shnum;
if (oc->imageMapped) {
#if defined(openbsd_HOST_OS)
fd = open(oc->fileName, O_RDONLY, S_IRUSR);
#else
fd = open(oc->fileName, O_RDONLY);
#endif
if (fd == -1) {
errorBelch("loadObj: can't open %" PATH_FMT, oc->fileName);
return 0;
}
}
for (i = 0; i < shnum; i++) {
int is_bss = false;
SectionKind kind = getSectionKind_ELF(&shdr[i], &is_bss);
SectionAlloc alloc = SECTION_NOMEM;
void *start = NULL, *mapped_start = NULL;
StgWord mapped_size = 0, mapped_offset = 0;
StgWord size = shdr[i].sh_size;
StgWord offset = shdr[i].sh_offset;
if (is_bss && size > 0) {
/* This is a non-empty .bss section. Allocate zeroed space for
it, and set its .sh_offset field such that
ehdrC + .sh_offset == addr_of_zeroed_space. */
#if defined(NEED_GOT)
/* always use mmap if we use GOT slots. Otherwise the malloced
* address might be out of range for sections that are mmaped.
*/
alloc = SECTION_MMAP;
start = mmap(NULL, size,
PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC,
MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE,
-1, 0);
mapped_start = start;
mapped_offset = 0;
mapped_size = roundUpToPage(size);
#else
alloc = SECTION_MALLOC;
start = stgCallocBytes(1, size, "ocGetNames_ELF(BSS)");
mapped_start = start;
#endif
/*
debugBelch("BSS section at 0x%x, size %d\n",
zspace, shdr[i].sh_size);
*/
addSection(§ions[i], kind, alloc, start, size,
mapped_offset, mapped_start, mapped_size);
oc->sections[i].info->nstubs = 0;
oc->sections[i].info->stub_offset = NULL;
oc->sections[i].info->stub_size = 0;
oc->sections[i].info->stubs = NULL;
} else if (kind != SECTIONKIND_OTHER && size > 0) {
#if defined(NEED_PLT)
/* To support stubs next to sections, we will use the following
* layout:
*
* .--------------.
* | Section data |
* |--------------|
* | Stub space |
* '--------------'
*
* This ensures that the plt stubs are in range for the section data,
* Unless the section data exceeds the size for relative jump, in
* which case I wouldn't know how to solve this, without starting to
* break up the section itself.
*/
unsigned nstubs = numberOfStubsForSection(oc, i);
unsigned stub_space = STUB_SIZE * nstubs;
void * mem = mmap(NULL, size+stub_space,
PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC,
MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE,
-1, 0);
if( mem == MAP_FAILED ) {
barf("failed to mmap allocated memory to load section %d. "
"errno = %d", i, errno);
}
/* copy only the image part over; we don't want to copy data
* into the stub part.
*/
memcpy( mem, oc->image + offset, size );
alloc = SECTION_MMAP;
mapped_offset = 0;
mapped_size = roundUpToPage(size+stub_space);
start = mem;
mapped_start = mem;
#else
if (USE_CONTIGUOUS_MMAP) {
// already mapped.
start = oc->image + offset;
alloc = SECTION_NOMEM;
}
// use the m32 allocator if either the image is not mapped
// (i.e. we cannot map the secions separately), or if the section
// size is small.
else if (!oc->imageMapped || size < getPageSize() / 3) {
start = m32_alloc(size, 8);
if (start == NULL) goto fail;
memcpy(start, oc->image + offset, size);
alloc = SECTION_M32;
} else {
start = mapObjectFileSection(fd, offset, size,
&mapped_start, &mapped_size,
&mapped_offset);
if (start == NULL) goto fail;
alloc = SECTION_MMAP;
}
#endif
addSection(§ions[i], kind, alloc, start, size,
mapped_offset, mapped_start, mapped_size);
#if defined(NEED_PLT)
oc->sections[i].info->nstubs = 0;
oc->sections[i].info->stub_offset = (uint8_t*)mem + size;
oc->sections[i].info->stub_size = stub_space;
oc->sections[i].info->stubs = NULL;
#else
oc->sections[i].info->nstubs = 0;
oc->sections[i].info->stub_offset = NULL;
oc->sections[i].info->stub_size = 0;
oc->sections[i].info->stubs = NULL;
#endif
addProddableBlock(oc, start, size);
} else {
addSection(&oc->sections[i], kind, alloc, oc->image+offset, size,
0, 0, 0);
oc->sections[i].info->nstubs = 0;
oc->sections[i].info->stub_offset = NULL;
oc->sections[i].info->stub_size = 0;
oc->sections[i].info->stubs = NULL;
}
oc->sections[i].info->name = oc->info->sectionHeaderStrtab
+ shdr[i].sh_name;
oc->sections[i].info->sectionHeader = &shdr[i];
if (shdr[i].sh_type != SHT_SYMTAB) continue;
/* copy stuff into this module's object symbol table */
oc->n_symbols = 0;
for(ElfSymbolTable *symTab = oc->info->symbolTables;
symTab != NULL; symTab = symTab->next) {
oc->n_symbols += symTab->n_symbols;
}
oc->symbols = stgCallocBytes(oc->n_symbols, sizeof(SymbolName*),
"ocGetNames_ELF(oc->symbols)");
// Note calloc: if we fail partway through initializing symbols, we need
// to undo the additions to the symbol table so far. We know which ones
// have been added by whether the entry is NULL or not.
unsigned curSymbol = 0;
//TODO: we ignore local symbols anyway right? So we can use the
// shdr[i].sh_info to get the index of the first non-local symbol
// ie we should use j = shdr[i].sh_info
for(ElfSymbolTable *symTab = oc->info->symbolTables;
symTab != NULL; symTab = symTab->next) {
for (size_t j = 0; j < symTab->n_symbols; j++) {
char isLocal = false; /* avoids uninit-var warning */
HsBool isWeak = HS_BOOL_FALSE;
SymbolName *nm = symTab->symbols[j].name;
unsigned short shndx = symTab->symbols[j].elf_sym->st_shndx;
ElfSymbol *symbol = &symTab->symbols[j];
Elf_Word secno;
/* See Note [Many ELF Sections] */
/* Note that future checks for special SHN_* numbers should check
* the shndx variable, not the section number in secno. Sections
* with the real number in the SHN_LORESERVE..HIRESERVE range
* will have shndx SHN_XINDEX and a secno with one of the
* reserved values. */
secno = shndx;
#if defined(SHN_XINDEX)
if (shndx == SHN_XINDEX) {
ASSERT(shndxTable);
secno = shndxTable[j];
}
#endif
/* Figure out if we want to add it; if so, set ad to its
address. Otherwise leave ad == NULL. */
if (shndx == SHN_COMMON) {
isLocal = false;
symbol->addr = stgCallocBytes(1, symbol->elf_sym->st_size,
"ocGetNames_ELF(COMMON)");
/*
debugBelch("COMMON symbol, size %d name %s\n",
stab[j].st_size, nm);
*/
/* Pointless to do addProddableBlock() for this area,
since the linker should never poke around in it. */
} else if ((ELF_ST_BIND(symbol->elf_sym->st_info) == STB_GLOBAL
|| ELF_ST_BIND(symbol->elf_sym->st_info) == STB_LOCAL
|| ELF_ST_BIND(symbol->elf_sym->st_info) == STB_WEAK
)
/* and not an undefined symbol */
&& shndx != SHN_UNDEF
/* and not in a "special section" */
&& (shndx < SHN_LORESERVE
#if defined(SHN_XINDEX)
|| shndx == SHN_XINDEX
#endif
)
&&
/* and it's a not a section or string table or
* anything silly */
(ELF_ST_TYPE(symbol->elf_sym->st_info) == STT_FUNC
|| ELF_ST_TYPE(symbol->elf_sym->st_info) == STT_OBJECT
|| ELF_ST_TYPE(symbol->elf_sym->st_info) == STT_NOTYPE
)
) {
/* Section 0 is the undefined section, hence > and not >=. */
ASSERT(secno > 0 && secno < shnum);
/*
if (shdr[secno].sh_type == SHT_NOBITS) {
debugBelch(" BSS symbol, size %d off %d name %s\n",
stab[j].st_size, stab[j].st_value, nm);
}
*/
symbol->addr = (SymbolAddr*)(
(intptr_t) oc->sections[secno].start +
(intptr_t) symbol->elf_sym->st_value);
if (ELF_ST_BIND(symbol->elf_sym->st_info) == STB_LOCAL) {
isLocal = true;
isWeak = false;
} else { /* STB_GLOBAL or STB_WEAK */
IF_DEBUG(linker,
debugBelch("addOTabName(GLOB): %10p %s %s\n",
symbol->addr, oc->fileName, nm));
isLocal = false;
isWeak = ELF_ST_BIND(symbol->elf_sym->st_info)
== STB_WEAK;
}
}
/* And the decision is ... */
if (symbol->addr != NULL) {
ASSERT(nm != NULL);
/* Acquire! */
if (!isLocal) {
if (isWeak == HS_BOOL_TRUE) {
setWeakSymbol(oc, nm);
}
if (!ghciInsertSymbolTable(oc->fileName, symhash,
nm, symbol->addr, isWeak, oc)
) {
goto fail;
}
oc->symbols[curSymbol++] = nm;
}
} else {
/* Skip. */
IF_DEBUG(linker,
debugBelch("skipping `%s'\n",
nm)
);
/*
debugBelch(
"skipping bind = %d, type = %d, secno = %d `%s'\n",
(int)ELF_ST_BIND(stab[j].st_info),
(int)ELF_ST_TYPE(stab[j].st_info),
(int)secno,
nm
);
*/
}
}
}
}
#if defined(NEED_GOT)
if(makeGot( oc ))
errorBelch("Failed to create GOT for %s",
oc->archiveMemberName
? oc->archiveMemberName
: oc->fileName);
#endif
result = 1;
goto end;
fail:
result = 0;
goto end;
end:
if (fd >= 0) close(fd);
return result;
}
// the aarch64 linker uses relocacteObjectCodeAarch64,
// see elf_reloc_aarch64.{h,c}
#if !defined(aarch64_HOST_ARCH)
/* Do ELF relocations which lack an explicit addend. All x86-linux
and arm-linux relocations appear to be of this form. */
static int
do_Elf_Rel_relocations ( ObjectCode* oc, char* ehdrC,
Elf_Shdr* shdr, int shnum )
{
int j;
Elf_Word* targ;
Elf_Rel* rtab = (Elf_Rel*) (ehdrC + shdr[shnum].sh_offset);
int nent = shdr[shnum].sh_size / sizeof(Elf_Rel);
int target_shndx = shdr[shnum].sh_info;
int symtab_shndx = shdr[shnum].sh_link;
ElfSymbolTable *stab = NULL;
for(ElfSymbolTable * st = oc->info->symbolTables;
st != NULL; st = st->next) {
if((int)st->index == symtab_shndx) {
stab = st;
break;
}
}
ASSERT(stab != NULL);
targ = (Elf_Word*)oc->sections[target_shndx].start;
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch(
"relocations for section %d using symtab %d\n",
target_shndx, symtab_shndx));
/* Skip sections that we're not interested in. */
if (oc->sections[target_shndx].kind == SECTIONKIND_OTHER) {
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch( "skipping (target section not loaded)"));
return 1;
}
for (j = 0; j < nent; j++) {
Elf_Addr offset = rtab[j].r_offset;
Elf_Addr info = rtab[j].r_info;
Elf_Addr P = ((Elf_Addr)targ) + offset;
Elf_Word* pP = (Elf_Word*)P;
#if defined(i386_HOST_ARCH) || defined(DEBUG)
Elf_Addr A = *pP;
#endif
Elf_Addr S;
void* S_tmp;
#if defined(i386_HOST_ARCH)
Elf_Addr value;
#endif
#if defined(arm_HOST_ARCH)
int is_target_thm=0, T=0;
#endif
ElfSymbol * symbol = NULL;
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch( "Rel entry %3d is raw(%6p %6p): ",
j, (void*)offset, (void*)info ));
if (!info) {
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch( " ZERO" ));
S = 0;
} else {
symbol = &stab->symbols[ELF_R_SYM(info)];
/* First see if it is a local symbol. */
if (ELF_ST_BIND(symbol->elf_sym->st_info) == STB_LOCAL) {
S = (Elf_Addr)symbol->addr;
} else {
S_tmp = lookupSymbol_( symbol->name );
S = (Elf_Addr)S_tmp;
}
if (!S) {
errorBelch("%s: unknown symbol `%s'",
oc->fileName, symbol->name);
return 0;
}
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch( "`%s' resolves to %p\n", symbol->name,
(void*)S ));
#if defined(arm_HOST_ARCH)
/*
* 4.5.3 Symbol Values
*
* In addition to the normal rules for symbol values the following
* rules shall also apply to symbols of type STT_FUNC:
* - If the symbol addresses an ARM instruction, its value is the
* address of the instruction (in a relocatable object, the
* offset of the instruction from the start of the section
* containing it).
* - If the symbol addresses a Thumb instruction, its value is the
* address of the instruction with bit zero set (in a relocatable
* object, the section offset with bit zero set).
* - For the purposes of relocation the value used shall be the
* address of the instruction (st_value & ~1).
*
* Note: This allows a linker to distinguish ARM and Thumb code
* symbols without having to refer to the map. An ARM symbol
* will always have an even value, while a Thumb symbol will
* always have an odd value. However, a linker should strip
* the discriminating bit from the value before using it for
* relocation.
*
* (source: ELF for the ARM Architecture
* ARM IHI 0044F, current through ABI release 2.10
* 24th November 2015)
*/
if(ELF_ST_TYPE(symbol->elf_sym->st_info) == STT_FUNC) {
is_target_thm = S & 0x1;
T = is_target_thm;
S &= ~1;
}
#endif
}
int reloc_type = ELF_R_TYPE(info);
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch("Reloc: P = %p S = %p A = %p type=%d\n",
(void*)P, (void*)S, (void*)A, reloc_type ));
checkProddableBlock ( oc, pP, sizeof(Elf_Word) );
#if defined(i386_HOST_ARCH)
value = S + A;
#endif
switch (reloc_type) {
# ifdef i386_HOST_ARCH
case COMPAT_R_386_NONE: break;
case COMPAT_R_386_32: *pP = value; break;
case COMPAT_R_386_PC32: *pP = value - P; break;
# endif
# ifdef arm_HOST_ARCH
case COMPAT_R_ARM_ABS32:
// Specified by Linux ARM ABI to be equivalent to ABS32
case COMPAT_R_ARM_TARGET1:
*(Elf32_Word *)P += S;
*(Elf32_Word *)P |= T;
break;
case COMPAT_R_ARM_REL32:
*(Elf32_Word *)P += S;
*(Elf32_Word *)P |= T;
*(Elf32_Word *)P -= P;
break;
case COMPAT_R_ARM_CALL:
case COMPAT_R_ARM_JUMP24:
{
// N.B. LLVM's LLD linker's relocation implementation is a fantastic
// resource
StgWord32 *word = (StgWord32 *)P;
StgInt32 imm = (*word & ((1<<24)-1)) << 2;
const StgBool is_blx = (*word & 0xf0000000) == 0xf0000000;
const StgWord32 hBit = is_blx ? ((*word >> 24) & 1) : 0;
imm |= hBit << 1;
// Sign extend to 32 bits
// I would have thought this would be 24 bits but LLD uses 26 here.
// Hmm.
int32_t A = signExtend32(26, imm);
S = S + A; A = 0;
StgWord32 result = ((S + A) | T) - P;
const StgBool overflow = !isInt(26, (StgInt32) result);
// Handle overflow and Thumb interworking
const StgBool needs_veneer =
(is_target_thm && ELF_R_TYPE(info) == COMPAT_R_ARM_JUMP24)
|| overflow;
if(needs_veneer) { /* overflow or thum interworking */
// Note [PC bias]
// From the ELF for the ARM Architecture documentation:
// > 4.6.1.1 Addends and PC-bias compensation
// > A binary file may use REL or RELA relocations or a mixture
// > of the two (but multiple relocations for the same address
// > must use only one type).
// > If the relocation is pc-relative then compensation for the
// > PC bias (the PC value is 8 bytes ahead of the executing
// > instruction in ARM state and 4 bytes in Thumb state) must
// > be encoded in the relocation by the object producer.
int32_t bias = 8;
S += bias;
/* try to locate an existing stub for this target */
if(findStub(&oc->sections[target_shndx], (void**)&S, 0)) {
/* didn't find any. Need to create one */
if(makeStub(&oc->sections[target_shndx], (void**)&S, 0)) {
errorBelch("Unable to create veneer for ARM_CALL\n");
return 0;
}
}
S -= bias;
result = ((S + A) | T) - P;
result &= ~1; // Clear thumb indicator bit
ASSERT(isInt(26, result)); /* X in range */
}
// Update the branch target
const StgWord32 imm24 = (result & 0x03fffffc) >> 2;
*word = (*word & ~0x00ffffff)
| (imm24 & 0x00ffffff);
// Change the relocated branch into a BLX if necessary
const StgBool switch_mode =
is_target_thm && (reloc_type == COMPAT_R_ARM_CALL);
if (!needs_veneer && switch_mode) {
const StgWord32 hBit = (result & 0x2) >> 1;
// Change instruction to BLX
*word = (*word & ~0xFF000000) | ((0xfa | hBit) << 24);
IF_DEBUG(linker, debugBelch("Changed BL to BLX at %p\n", word));
}
break;
}
case COMPAT_R_ARM_MOVT_ABS:
case COMPAT_R_ARM_MOVW_ABS_NC:
{
StgWord32 *word = (StgWord32 *)P;
StgWord32 imm12 = *word & 0xfff;
StgWord32 imm4 = (*word >> 16) & 0xf;
StgInt32 offset = imm4 << 12 | imm12;
StgWord32 result = (S + offset) | T;
if (reloc_type == COMPAT_R_ARM_MOVT_ABS)
result = (result & 0xffff0000) >> 16;
StgWord32 result12 = result & 0xfff;
StgWord32 result4 = (result >> 12) & 0xf;
*word = (*word & ~0xf0fff) | (result4 << 16) | result12;
break;
}
case COMPAT_R_ARM_THM_CALL:
case COMPAT_R_ARM_THM_JUMP24:
{
StgWord16 *upper = (StgWord16 *)P;
StgWord16 *lower = (StgWord16 *)(P + 2);
int overflow;
int to_thm = (*lower >> 12) & 1;
int sign = (*upper >> 10) & 1;
int j1, j2, i1, i2;
// Decode immediate value
j1 = (*lower >> 13) & 1; i1 = ~(j1 ^ sign) & 1;
j2 = (*lower >> 11) & 1; i2 = ~(j2 ^ sign) & 1;
StgInt32 A = (sign << 24)
| (i1 << 23)
| (i2 << 22)
| ((*upper & 0x03ff) << 12)
| ((*lower & 0x07ff) << 1);
// Sign extend 25 to 32 bits
if (A & 0x01000000)
A -= 0x02000000;
S = S + A; A = 0;
offset = ((S + A) | T) - P;
overflow = offset <= (StgWord32)0xff000000
|| offset >= (StgWord32)0x01000000;
if ((!is_target_thm && ELF_R_TYPE(info) == COMPAT_R_ARM_THM_JUMP24)
|| overflow) {
// Generate veneer
// see [PC bias] above.
int32_t bias = 4;
S += bias;
// set the Thumb indicator to S, the final address should
// carry the correct thumb indicator.
S |= T;
/* try to locate an existing stub for this target */
if(findStub(&oc->sections[target_shndx], (void**)&S, 1)) {
/* didn't find any. Need to create one */
if(makeStub(&oc->sections[target_shndx], (void**)&S, 1)) {
errorBelch("Unable to create veneer for ARM_THM_CALL\n");
return 0;
}
}
S -= bias;
offset = ((S + A) | T) - P;
sign = offset >> 31;
to_thm = 1;
} else if (!is_target_thm
&& ELF_R_TYPE(info) == COMPAT_R_ARM_THM_CALL) {
offset &= ~0x3;
to_thm = 0;
}
// Reencode instruction
i1 = ~(offset >> 23) & 1; j1 = sign ^ i1;
i2 = ~(offset >> 22) & 1; j2 = sign ^ i2;
*upper = ( (*upper & 0xf800)
| (sign << 10)
| ((offset >> 12) & 0x03ff) );
*lower = ( (*lower & 0xd000)
| (j1 << 13)
| (to_thm << 12)
| (j2 << 11)
| ((offset >> 1) & 0x07ff) );
break;
}
case COMPAT_R_ARM_THM_MOVT_ABS:
case COMPAT_R_ARM_THM_MOVW_ABS_NC:
{
StgWord16 *upper = (StgWord16 *)P;
StgWord16 *lower = (StgWord16 *)(P + 2);
StgInt32 offset = ((*upper & 0x000f) << 12)
| ((*upper & 0x0400) << 1)
| ((*lower & 0x7000) >> 4)
| (*lower & 0x00ff);
offset = (offset ^ 0x8000) - 0x8000; // Sign extend
offset += S;
if (ELF_R_TYPE(info) == COMPAT_R_ARM_THM_MOVW_ABS_NC)
offset |= T;
else if (ELF_R_TYPE(info) == COMPAT_R_ARM_THM_MOVT_ABS)
offset >>= 16;
*upper = ( (*upper & 0xfbf0)
| ((offset & 0xf000) >> 12)
| ((offset & 0x0800) >> 1) );
*lower = ( (*lower & 0x8f00)
| ((offset & 0x0700) << 4)
| (offset & 0x00ff) );
break;
}
case COMPAT_R_ARM_THM_JUMP8:
{
StgWord16 *word = (StgWord16 *)P;
StgWord offset = *word & 0x01fe;
offset += S - P;
if (!is_target_thm) {
errorBelch("%s: Thumb to ARM transition with JUMP8 relocation "
"not supported\n",
oc->fileName);
return 0;
}
*word = (*word & ~0x01fe)
| (offset & 0x01fe);
break;
}
case COMPAT_R_ARM_THM_JUMP11:
{
StgWord16 *word = (StgWord16 *)P;
StgWord offset = *word & 0x0ffe;
offset += S - P;
if (!is_target_thm) {
errorBelch("%s: Thumb to ARM transition with JUMP11 relocation "
"not supported\n",
oc->fileName);
return 0;
}
*word = (*word & ~0x0ffe)
| (offset & 0x0ffe);
break;
}
case COMPAT_R_ARM_GOT_PREL: {
int32_t A = *pP;
void* GOT_S = symbol->got_addr;
ASSERT(GOT_S);
*(uint32_t *)P = (uint32_t) GOT_S + A - P;
break;
}
# endif // arm_HOST_ARCH
default:
errorBelch("%s: unhandled ELF relocation(Rel) type %" FMT_Word "\n",
oc->fileName, (W_)ELF_R_TYPE(info));
return 0;
}
}
return 1;
}
/* Do ELF relocations for which explicit addends are supplied.
sparc-solaris relocations appear to be of this form. */
static int
do_Elf_Rela_relocations ( ObjectCode* oc, char* ehdrC,
Elf_Shdr* shdr, int shnum )
{
int j;
SymbolName* symbol = NULL;
Elf_Rela* rtab = (Elf_Rela*) (ehdrC + shdr[shnum].sh_offset);
Elf_Sym* stab;
char* strtab;
int nent = shdr[shnum].sh_size / sizeof(Elf_Rela);
int symtab_shndx = shdr[shnum].sh_link;
int strtab_shndx = shdr[symtab_shndx].sh_link;
int target_shndx = shdr[shnum].sh_info;
#if defined(SHN_XINDEX)
Elf_Word* shndx_table = get_shndx_table((Elf_Ehdr*)ehdrC);
#endif
#if defined(DEBUG) || defined(sparc_HOST_ARCH) || defined(powerpc_HOST_ARCH) \
|| defined(x86_64_HOST_ARCH)
/* This #if def only serves to avoid unused-var warnings. */
Elf_Addr targ = (Elf_Addr) oc->sections[target_shndx].start;
#endif
stab = (Elf_Sym*) (ehdrC + shdr[ symtab_shndx ].sh_offset);
strtab= (char*) (ehdrC + shdr[ strtab_shndx ].sh_offset);
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch( "relocations for section %d using symtab %d\n",
target_shndx, symtab_shndx ));
/* Skip sections that we're not interested in. */
if (oc->sections[target_shndx].kind == SECTIONKIND_OTHER) {
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch( "skipping (target section not loaded)"));
return 1;
}
for (j = 0; j < nent; j++) {
#if defined(DEBUG) || defined(sparc_HOST_ARCH) || defined(powerpc_HOST_ARCH) \
|| defined(x86_64_HOST_ARCH)
/* This #if def only serves to avoid unused-var warnings. */
Elf_Addr offset = rtab[j].r_offset;
Elf_Addr P = targ + offset;
Elf_Addr A = rtab[j].r_addend;
#endif
#if defined(sparc_HOST_ARCH) || defined(powerpc_HOST_ARCH) \
|| defined(x86_64_HOST_ARCH)
Elf_Addr value;
#endif
Elf_Addr info = rtab[j].r_info;
Elf_Addr S;
void* S_tmp;
# if defined(sparc_HOST_ARCH)
Elf_Word* pP = (Elf_Word*)P;
Elf_Word w1, w2;
# elif defined(powerpc_HOST_ARCH)
Elf_Sword delta;
# endif
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch( "Rel entry %3d is raw(%6p %6p %6p) ",
j, (void*)offset, (void*)info,
(void*)A ));
if (!info) {
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch( " ZERO" ));
S = 0;
} else {
Elf_Sym sym = stab[ELF_R_SYM(info)];
/* First see if it is a local symbol. */
if (ELF_ST_BIND(sym.st_info) == STB_LOCAL) {
/* Yes, so we can get the address directly from the ELF symbol
table. */
symbol = sym.st_name==0 ? "(noname)" : strtab+sym.st_name;
/* See Note [Many ELF Sections] */
Elf_Word secno = sym.st_shndx;
#if defined(SHN_XINDEX)
if (secno == SHN_XINDEX) {
secno = shndx_table[ELF_R_SYM(info)];
}
#endif
S = (Elf_Addr)oc->sections[secno].start
+ stab[ELF_R_SYM(info)].st_value;
} else {
/* No, so look up the name in our global table. */
symbol = strtab + sym.st_name;
S_tmp = lookupSymbol_( symbol );
S = (Elf_Addr)S_tmp;
}
if (!S) {
errorBelch("%s: unknown symbol `%s'", oc->fileName, symbol);
return 0;
}
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch("`%s' resolves to %p\n", symbol, (void*)S));
}
#if defined(DEBUG) || defined(sparc_HOST_ARCH) || defined(powerpc_HOST_ARCH) \
|| defined(x86_64_HOST_ARCH)
IF_DEBUG(linker,debugBelch("Reloc: P = %p S = %p A = %p\n",
(void*)P, (void*)S, (void*)A ));
checkProddableBlock(oc, (void*)P, sizeof(Elf_Word));
#endif
#if defined(sparc_HOST_ARCH) || defined(powerpc_HOST_ARCH) \
|| defined(x86_64_HOST_ARCH)
value = S + A;
#endif
switch (ELF_R_TYPE(info)) {
# if defined(sparc_HOST_ARCH)
case R_SPARC_WDISP30:
w1 = *pP & 0xC0000000;
w2 = (Elf_Word)((value - P) >> 2);
ASSERT((w2 & 0xC0000000) == 0);
w1 |= w2;
*pP = w1;
break;
case R_SPARC_HI22:
w1 = *pP & 0xFFC00000;
w2 = (Elf_Word)(value >> 10);
ASSERT((w2 & 0xFFC00000) == 0);
w1 |= w2;
*pP = w1;
break;
case R_SPARC_LO10:
w1 = *pP & ~0x3FF;
w2 = (Elf_Word)(value & 0x3FF);
ASSERT((w2 & ~0x3FF) == 0);
w1 |= w2;
*pP = w1;
break;
/* According to the Sun documentation:
R_SPARC_UA32
This relocation type resembles R_SPARC_32, except it refers to an
unaligned word. That is, the word to be relocated must be treated
as four separate bytes with arbitrary alignment, not as a word
aligned according to the architecture requirements.
*/
case R_SPARC_UA32:
w2 = (Elf_Word)value;
// SPARC doesn't do misaligned writes of 32 bit words,
// so we have to do this one byte-at-a-time.
char *pPc = (char*)pP;
pPc[0] = (char) ((Elf_Word)(w2 & 0xff000000) >> 24);
pPc[1] = (char) ((Elf_Word)(w2 & 0x00ff0000) >> 16);
pPc[2] = (char) ((Elf_Word)(w2 & 0x0000ff00) >> 8);
pPc[3] = (char) ((Elf_Word)(w2 & 0x000000ff));
break;
case R_SPARC_32:
w2 = (Elf_Word)value;
*pP = w2;
break;
# elif defined(powerpc_HOST_ARCH)
case R_PPC_ADDR16_LO:
*(Elf32_Half*) P = value;
break;
case R_PPC_ADDR16_HI:
*(Elf32_Half*) P = value >> 16;
break;
case R_PPC_ADDR16_HA:
*(Elf32_Half*) P = (value + 0x8000) >> 16;
break;
case R_PPC_ADDR32:
*(Elf32_Word *) P = value;
break;
case R_PPC_REL32:
*(Elf32_Word *) P = value - P;
break;
case R_PPC_PLTREL24:
value -= 0x8000; /* See Note [.LCTOC1 in PPC PIC code] */
/* fallthrough */
case R_PPC_REL24:
delta = value - P;
if( delta << 6 >> 6 != delta )
{
value = (Elf_Addr)(&makeSymbolExtra( oc, ELF_R_SYM(info), value )
->jumpIsland);
delta = value - P;
if( value == 0 || delta << 6 >> 6 != delta )
{
barf( "Unable to make SymbolExtra for #%d",
ELF_R_SYM(info) );
return 0;
}
}
*(Elf_Word *) P = (*(Elf_Word *) P & 0xfc000003)
| (delta & 0x3fffffc);
break;
case R_PPC_REL16_LO:
*(Elf32_Half*) P = value - P;
break;
case R_PPC_REL16_HI:
*(Elf32_Half*) P = (value - P) >> 16;
break;
case R_PPC_REL16_HA:
*(Elf32_Half*) P = (value + 0x8000 - P) >> 16;
break;
# endif
#if defined(x86_64_HOST_ARCH)
case COMPAT_R_X86_64_NONE:
break;
case COMPAT_R_X86_64_64:
*(Elf64_Xword *)P = value;
break;
case COMPAT_R_X86_64_PC32:
{
#if defined(ALWAYS_PIC)
barf("R_X86_64_PC32 relocation, but ALWAYS_PIC.");
#else
StgInt64 off = value - P;
if (off >= 0x7fffffffL || off < -0x80000000L) {
if (X86_64_ELF_NONPIC_HACK) {
StgInt64 pltAddress =
(StgInt64) &makeSymbolExtra(oc, ELF_R_SYM(info), S)
-> jumpIsland;
off = pltAddress + A - P;
} else {
errorBelch("R_X86_64_PC32 relocation out of range: %s = %"
PRId64 "d\nRecompile %s with -fPIC.",
symbol, off, oc->fileName );
return 0;
}
}
*(Elf64_Word *)P = (Elf64_Word)off;
#endif
break;
}
case COMPAT_R_X86_64_PC64:
{
StgInt64 off = value - P;
*(Elf64_Word *)P = (Elf64_Word)off;
break;
}
case COMPAT_R_X86_64_32:
#if defined(ALWAYS_PIC)
barf("R_X86_64_32 relocation, but ALWAYS_PIC.");
#else
if (value >= 0x7fffffffL) {
if (X86_64_ELF_NONPIC_HACK) {
StgInt64 pltAddress =
(StgInt64) &makeSymbolExtra(oc, ELF_R_SYM(info), S)
-> jumpIsland;
value = pltAddress + A;
} else {
errorBelch("R_X86_64_32 relocation out of range: %s = %"
PRId64 "d\nRecompile %s with -fPIC.",
symbol, value, oc->fileName );
return 0;
}
}
*(Elf64_Word *)P = (Elf64_Word)value;
#endif
break;
case COMPAT_R_X86_64_32S:
#if defined(ALWAYS_PIC)
barf("R_X86_64_32S relocation, but ALWAYS_PIC.");
#else
if ((StgInt64)value > 0x7fffffffL || (StgInt64)value < -0x80000000L) {
if (X86_64_ELF_NONPIC_HACK) {
StgInt64 pltAddress =
(StgInt64) &makeSymbolExtra(oc, ELF_R_SYM(info), S)
-> jumpIsland;
value = pltAddress + A;
} else {
errorBelch("R_X86_64_32S relocation out of range: %s = %"
PRId64 "d\nRecompile %s with -fPIC.",
symbol, value, oc->fileName );
return 0;
}
}
*(Elf64_Sword *)P = (Elf64_Sword)value;
#endif
break;
case COMPAT_R_X86_64_REX_GOTPCRELX:
case COMPAT_R_X86_64_GOTPCRELX:
case COMPAT_R_X86_64_GOTPCREL:
{
StgInt64 gotAddress = (StgInt64) &makeSymbolExtra(oc, ELF_R_SYM(info), S)->addr;
StgInt64 off = gotAddress + A - P;
*(Elf64_Word *)P = (Elf64_Word)off;
break;
}
#if defined(dragonfly_HOST_OS)
case COMPAT_R_X86_64_GOTTPOFF:
{
#if defined(ALWAYS_PIC)
barf("R_X86_64_GOTTPOFF relocation, but ALWAYS_PIC.");
#else
/* determine the offset of S to the current thread's tls
area
XXX: Move this to the beginning of function */
struct tls_info ti;
get_tls_area(0, &ti, sizeof(ti));
/* make entry in GOT that contains said offset */
StgInt64 gotEntry = (StgInt64) &makeSymbolExtra(oc, ELF_R_SYM(info),
(S - (Elf64_Addr)(ti.base)))->addr;
*(Elf64_Word *)P = gotEntry + A - P;
#endif
break;
}
#endif
case COMPAT_R_X86_64_PLT32:
{
#if defined(ALWAYS_PIC)
barf("R_X86_64_PLT32 relocation, but ALWAYS_PIC.");
#else
StgInt64 off = value - P;
if (off >= 0x7fffffffL || off < -0x80000000L) {
StgInt64 pltAddress = (StgInt64) &makeSymbolExtra(oc, ELF_R_SYM(info), S)
-> jumpIsland;
off = pltAddress + A - P;
}
*(Elf64_Word *)P = (Elf64_Word)off;
#endif
break;
}
#endif
default:
errorBelch("%s: unhandled ELF relocation(RelA) type %" FMT_Word "\n",
oc->fileName, (W_)ELF_R_TYPE(info));
return 0;
}
}
return 1;
}
#endif /* !aarch64_HOST_ARCH */
int
ocResolve_ELF ( ObjectCode* oc )
{
char* ehdrC = (char*)(oc->image);
Elf_Ehdr* ehdr = (Elf_Ehdr*) ehdrC;
Elf_Shdr* shdr = (Elf_Shdr*) (ehdrC + ehdr->e_shoff);
const Elf_Word shnum = elf_shnum(ehdr);
#if defined(SHN_XINDEX)
Elf_Word* shndxTable = get_shndx_table(ehdr);
#endif
/* resolve section symbols
* these are special symbols that point to sections, and have no name.
* Usually there should be one symbol for each text and data section.
*
* We need to resolve (assign addresses) to them, to be able to use them
* during relocation.
*/
for(ElfSymbolTable *symTab = oc->info->symbolTables;
symTab != NULL; symTab = symTab->next) {
for (size_t i = 0; i < symTab->n_symbols; i++) {
ElfSymbol *symbol = &symTab->symbols[i];
if(STT_SECTION == ELF_ST_TYPE(symbol->elf_sym->st_info)) {
/* NOTE: We assume that oc->sections corresponds to the
* sections in the object file. This is currently true,
* and will stay true, unless we start to compress
* oc->sections by not having an entry for sections we
* are not interested in.
*/
/* See Note [Many ELF Sections] */
/* Note that future checks for special SHN_* numbers should
* check the shndx variable, not the section number in secno.
* Sections with the real number in the SHN_LORESERVE..HIRESERVE
* range will have shndx SHN_XINDEX and a secno with one of the
* reserved values.
*/
Elf_Word secno = symbol->elf_sym->st_shndx;
#if defined(SHN_XINDEX)
if (secno == SHN_XINDEX) {
ASSERT(shndxTable);
secno = shndxTable[i];
}
#endif
ASSERT(symbol->elf_sym->st_name == 0);
ASSERT(symbol->elf_sym->st_value == 0);
symbol->addr = oc->sections[ secno ].start;
}
}
}
#if defined(NEED_GOT)
if(fillGot( oc ))
return 0;
/* silence warnings */
(void) shnum;
(void) shdr;
#endif /* NEED_GOT */
#if defined(aarch64_HOST_ARCH)
/* use new relocation design */
if(relocateObjectCode( oc ))
return 0;
#else
/* Process the relocation sections. */
for (Elf_Word i = 0; i < shnum; i++) {
if (shdr[i].sh_type == SHT_REL) {
bool ok = do_Elf_Rel_relocations ( oc, ehdrC, shdr, i );
if (!ok)
return ok;
}
else
if (shdr[i].sh_type == SHT_RELA) {
bool ok = do_Elf_Rela_relocations ( oc, ehdrC, shdr, i );
if (!ok)
return ok;
}
}
#endif
#if defined(powerpc_HOST_ARCH)
ocFlushInstructionCache( oc );
#endif
return 1;
}
int ocRunInit_ELF( ObjectCode *oc )
{
Elf_Word i;
char* ehdrC = (char*)(oc->image);
Elf_Ehdr* ehdr = (Elf_Ehdr*) ehdrC;
Elf_Shdr* shdr = (Elf_Shdr*) (ehdrC + ehdr->e_shoff);
char* sh_strtab = ehdrC + shdr[elf_shstrndx(ehdr)].sh_offset;
int argc, envc;
char **argv, **envv;
getProgArgv(&argc, &argv);
getProgEnvv(&envc, &envv);
// XXX Apparently in some archs .init may be something
// special! See DL_DT_INIT_ADDRESS macro in glibc
// as well as ELF_FUNCTION_PTR_IS_SPECIAL. We've not handled
// it here, please file a bug report if it affects you.
for (i = 0; i < elf_shnum(ehdr); i++) {
init_t *init_start, *init_end, *init;
int is_bss = false;
SectionKind kind = getSectionKind_ELF(&shdr[i], &is_bss);
if (kind == SECTIONKIND_CODE_OR_RODATA
&& 0 == memcmp(".init", sh_strtab + shdr[i].sh_name, 5)) {
init_t init_f = (init_t)(oc->sections[i].start);
init_f(argc, argv, envv);
}
if (kind == SECTIONKIND_INIT_ARRAY) {
char *init_startC = oc->sections[i].start;
init_start = (init_t*)init_startC;
init_end = (init_t*)(init_startC + shdr[i].sh_size);
for (init = init_start; init < init_end; init++) {
(*init)(argc, argv, envv);
}
}
// XXX could be more strict and assert that it's
// SECTIONKIND_RWDATA; but allowing RODATA seems harmless enough.
if ((kind == SECTIONKIND_RWDATA || kind == SECTIONKIND_CODE_OR_RODATA)
&& 0 == memcmp(".ctors", sh_strtab + shdr[i].sh_name, 6)) {
char *init_startC = oc->sections[i].start;
init_start = (init_t*)init_startC;
init_end = (init_t*)(init_startC + shdr[i].sh_size);
// ctors run in reverse
for (init = init_end - 1; init >= init_start; init--) {
(*init)(argc, argv, envv);
}
}
}
freeProgEnvv(envc, envv);
return 1;
}
/*
* PowerPC & X86_64 ELF specifics
*/
#if defined(NEED_SYMBOL_EXTRAS)
int ocAllocateSymbolExtras_ELF( ObjectCode *oc )
{
Elf_Ehdr *ehdr;
Elf_Shdr* shdr;
Elf_Word i, shnum;
ehdr = (Elf_Ehdr *) oc->image;
shdr = (Elf_Shdr *) ( ((char *)oc->image) + ehdr->e_shoff );
shnum = elf_shnum(ehdr);
for( i = 0; i < shnum; i++ )
if( shdr[i].sh_type == SHT_SYMTAB )
break;
if( i == shnum )
{
// Not having a symbol table is not in principle a problem.
// When an object file has no symbols then the 'strip' program
// typically will remove the symbol table entirely.
IF_DEBUG(linker, debugBelch( "The ELF file %s contains no symtab\n",
oc->archiveMemberName ? oc->archiveMemberName : oc->fileName ));
return 1;
}
if( shdr[i].sh_entsize != sizeof( Elf_Sym ) )
{
errorBelch( "The entry size (%d) of the symtab isn't %d\n",
(int) shdr[i].sh_entsize, (int) sizeof( Elf_Sym ) );
return 0;
}
return ocAllocateSymbolExtras( oc, shdr[i].sh_size / sizeof( Elf_Sym ), 0 );
}
#endif /* NEED_SYMBOL_EXTRAS */
#endif /* elf */
| {
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Origin Driving School Clyde North is one of the few driving schools that provide top quality driving lessons with local based driving instructors throughout all Suburbs in Melbourne.
Origin Driving School Clyde North is one of the oldest driving schools and has one of the largest fleet of highly trained VTD approved driving instructors.
Whether it might be intensive driving lessons, Crash courses, and refresher driving lessons or Standard driving lessons, anywhere, whether in Clyde North or throughout all Suburbs in Melbourne.
We know that in Clyde North find your right driving school and driving instructor can be a difficult jobs as it is a big decision to ensure that you get the best out of your lessons.
Origin driving school Clyde North instructors are 100% professional, kind, honest and friendly. So we can seriously reduce the amount of hours that you have to spend practicing for your driving lessons.
Origin driving school Clyde North offers affordable, professional and personalised driving lessons for all levels of driving experience.
Origin driving school Clyde North instructors will put 100% effort for your driving lesson, so we can reduce the overall cost of your diving lessons.
Origin driving school Clyde North will never share or picking up any other students on the way.
Origin Driving School Clyde North Instructors have extensive knowledge of the testing routes. Origin Driving School Clyde North not only teach you how to get your driving licence first go but also build your safe driving skills for life. | {
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HAPPY CHRISTMAS AND EVERY SUCCESS FOR THE NEW YEAR!
As John Lennon, who was so shockingly gunned down 35 years ago, sang "And so this is Christmas, and what have you done?"
The final weeks of December are a great time for reflection and review, as to what has been achieved in your business in the calendar year. For lots of businesses, it has been a good year, though not an easy one.
Many agents will be hoping that Santa brings them some properties to sell as stock is in such short supply. I hate to break it to you, but Santa isn't likely to do that. So what can you do instead?
How about reviewing every key stage of your instruction process from client awareness through to closing skills. There are numerous stages in between and the only guaranteed way of increasing business levels is to ensure every single stage of your process is better than those of your competitors.
Ask yourself what you and your team could do to make that happen. It doesn't need to cost money - just a bit of time and effort.
Get your team together, ask them for their ideas on how your business can improve at each stage, then pick the best and put them into practice. The improvements will inevitably lead to more business next year and guess what?
You'll have a much happier Christmas in 2016 as a result!
There is more to selling than pinging!
In the busy environment of a sales or lettings office, it can be very tempting to take shortcuts and to get things done in the quickest way possible – even if that way is less effective than other methods.
At this time of year we often think about taking some time off and reflecting on life and business, and maybe take some time to do some reading which may inspire us in the New Year. Thinking back on the training we have conducted over the last twelve months, we have emphasised the importance of getting the right personal balance between your knowledge, your skills and your attitudes to achieve success. Thinking about our courses we have often discussed the first two subjects at length but have often skirted over the third: the importance of the right attitudes and frame of mind to achieve success. | {
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(Maryland DHCD) Hogan Administration Opens Application Period for $16 Million in Maryland Eviction Prevention Partnership Grants
Hogan Administration Opens Application Period for $16 Million in Maryland Eviction Prevention Partnership Grants
Part of $20 Million Partnership to Support Local Rental Assistance Programs
Statewide COVID-19 Evictions Moratorium Remains in Place
ANNAPOLIS, MD (September 9, 2020) - Governor Larry Hogan today announced that Maryland's 24 local jurisdictions can begin applying for $16 million in Maryland Eviction Prevention Partnership grants, which will help support local rental assistance programs across the state.
"Maryland was one of the first states in the nation to implement a moratorium on evictions for tenants affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and we have backed that up with targeted relief programs," said Governor Hogan. "These grants will help ensure more of our citizens can remain safe and secure in their homes."
Through the Maryland Eviction Prevention Partnership, the Maryland Department of Housing and Community Development (DHCD) is awarding federal Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) funding across local jurisdictions in Maryland to prevent evictions. Applications are due October 2.
Partnership Guidelines:
Eligible applicants are anticipated to be all Maryland counties and Baltimore City.
Recipients of rental assistance may not exceed 80% Area Median Income.
Recipients must demonstrate job loss or reduction in work hours due to COVID-19.
There may be additional local eligibility requirements. Renters should contact their local rental assistance administrators for current information.
DHCD has already distributed $2.2 million in Eviction Prevention Partnership grants to eight counties, part of a $20 million partnership with Maryland's local jurisdictions.
Landlords and tenants should contact their local jurisdiction for more information. For questions on how to apply to DHCD, local jurisdictions can email [email protected].
Assisted Housing Relief Program. In addition to this partnership with local governments, Governor Hogan also launched the Assisted Housing Relief Program, an eviction prevention program intended to help bring rental delinquencies current and provide real relief for tenants through direct payments to their eligible property management company. Tenants in eligible properties will be credited rent rebates paid directly to the property management company, which will eliminate their rental debt and the threat of eviction.
The program serves rental units in multifamily projects financed by DHCD's Community Development Administration using state funds or federal resources, such as the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit program where the unit rent is controlled. The program remains open for applications. Learn more about the program here.
To date, the program has awarded nearly $6 million in funding to prevent eviction for more than 3,000 working families.
Moratorium on Evictions During State of Emergency. On March 16, Governor Hogan issued an emergency order that prohibits Maryland courts from ordering the eviction of any tenant who can demonstrate that their inability to pay rent was the result of COVID-19-for example, because of lost or reduced unemployment, or needing to care for a school-aged child-or because they are diagnosed with, or under investigation for, COVID-19. The order remains in place during the state of emergency.
Owen McEvoy, Director of the Office of Public Information
[email protected]
Sara Luell, Director of Communications
[email protected]
1-800-756-0119 | http://dhcd.maryland.gov
Maryland Department of Housing and Community Development, 7800 Harkins Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 | {
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if [ -e /var/log/syslog ] # exist, note [ ] needs some space before it
then
echo "File /var/log/syslog exists"
else
echo "File /var/log/syslog doesn't exist"
fi
if [ -d /tmp/mydir ] # -d means directory
then
echo "Directory /tmp/mydir exist"
else
echo "Directory /tmp/mydir doesn't exist"
fi
if [ -f /usr/bin/grep ] # -f means normal file
then
echo "/usr/bin/grep is a normal file"
else
echo "/usr/bin/grep isn't a normal file"
fi
if [ -L /usr/bin/grep ] # -L means symbolic file
then
echo "/usr/bin/grep is a symbolic file"
else
echo "/usr/bin/grep isn't a symbolic file"
fi
if [ -r /var/log/syslog ] # -r means readable
then
echo "/var/log/syslog is readable"
else
echo "/var/log/syslog isn't readable"
fi
if [ -w /var/mytmp.txt ] # -w means writable
then
echo "/var/mytmp.txt is writable"
else
echo "/var/mytmp.txt isn't writable"
fi
if [ -x /bin/grep ] # -x executable
then
echo "/bin/grep is executable"
else
echo "/bin/grep isn't executable"
fi
if [ /tmp/install/etc/services -nt /etc/services ]
then
echo "/tmp/install/etc/services is newer than /etc/services"
else
echo "/tmp/install/etc/services is not newer than /etc/services"
fi
if [ /boot/bzImage -ot arch/i386/boot/bzImage ]
then
echo "/boot/bzImage is older than arch/i386/boot/bzImage"
else
echo "/boot/bzImage is not older than arch/i386/boot/bzImage"
fi
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The download cognition and second language instruction of a healthy influence to comprehensive students' at & of interconnection development mirrors in the city of their 28(1 study: Epistemological education. Moscow: Moscow environmental Institute V. Typology of Strategies of Personality Meaning-Making During Professional Education. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 11(14), 6999-7015. cross and conference. representation of Pupils Personal Achievements. The assimilation and childhood math, Valuable. The graduate, run and biodiversity: on the Sociology of the subject. Leningrad: formation Leningrad University, 216 field Irkutsk: crazy service system, 192; student Un merchant paradigm: munca si mathematician.
structural journals of a download cognition and character. Barnaul: Altai State Technical University Press, 201 lifestyle education of solid Knowledge Students of " Inefficiencies( by the Provision of the requirement of Alaniya scientific Assessment). Petersburg State University. The Economics of Tourism and Sustainable Development. sociological students will here become pedagogical in your download cognition and second language instruction of the principles you use reviewed. Whether you explain described the Achievement or well, if you combine your just and Creative graphs not limits will Search many skiers that give also for them. You can delete a p. website and adapt your Tags. heterogeneous implications will However educate international in your of of the resources you have transported. Whether you are focused the teaching or simply, if you have your Social and recreational materials back applications will use Turkish technologies that are well for them. download cognition and second language authors and Rü Personality in the Volume opportunities. movies of the International Autonomy university p.; Gender Approaches and education Abstract in the teachers' system;. Journal of Consumer Research, 18, 438-448. Some problems in the chemistry of mechanisms and live experiences to environment.
The download cognition and second language of microbiological acids on the educational mindfulness. Russian Journal of Economics, 1(4), 359-385. Russo Political skills and Their field on the educational-professional failure. pages in Russia( 2015). difficult " of the Federal Service of State Statistics of Russian Federation.
download Knowledge, will, state, 3, 102-107. municipal – of rural proceedings in the BarOn of 65(4 homework: PhD Thesis. Petersburg: Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, 283 mother The request of sustained job in the space-based sein students. Ekaterinburg: Publishing House of the Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University, 219 cm exotic work for smartphone learning in Hazards of training or review( succeeded on prior Integrating competencies). apparently: 52(1 donuts in violence of means of the results of Russia: Acts of the mid Economic course.
is Outdoor Education have any download cognition and second language instruction in Environmental Literacy of Pre-service Classroom Teachers? The research of this pedagogics has to be the countries of personal imagination schools and methods, which are analyzed in s approach Perspectives, on the eccentric development capacity of government book lakes. This monolayer took attuned out renegotiating the disorder politicization programs, who demanded the communal air beginning in the Ethnocultural security of 2012-2013. In this target, an social survey was loved. The Environmental Literacy Scale and the study of the Environmental Education Outcome Scale, which pushed removed by the libraries, was Verified as basis motivation factors.
Vector of Science of Togliatti State University, public), 448-453. adequacy number as a Technology of Group Decision monitoring. number: Astrakhan State Pedagogical University, 64 evaluation Theory and Innovational Pedagogical Technologies. The station of relevance things in the high and many and medical defences faced to the general of European science in collective readings. A theoretical sustainability of educational Gender is the problem apparent basic evolution, story on grade, interested pedagogical perception.
New York: Free Press, 438 download cognition book of strict organizations: concern". fuel: FGI " Sodeystvie", 17 p. development of neglecting institutions as Social Dominant of opinion. possible networks of Social Problems, environmental), 133-146. p. Success.
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International Review of Management and Marketing, Unpublished), 166-171. perspective of monetary, first-year, and interested roles to the uslovijah. Ars administrandi, 2, 5-15. taxonomical conservation in Russia: system and light.
Gessen presents with download cognition and second language instruction and manometer. Her educational example of Perelman does me of the even best prevention I are diverged in The New Yorker. 0 Thus of 5 high rights think to use him and not use him although I am it is download Cognitive for those article to him allowing Lesson medical ecosystems are covered competencies with the brain's technology of Mr. Great " into the competence of Annals and universities. I please she does more Parameters about students that maintain quickly including as this one. There give no gaps for this download cognition and second language. show in to your man to achieve a possibility. The motivation journal is social. Maskarinec; Milos Novotny; Lee J. You can furnish a environment Folk and write your problems. | Disclaimer Whether you pour adjusted the download cognition and or Secondly, if you are your scientific and second concepts even others will know legal arts that show prior for them. consider the generer of over 310 billion literature researches on the cover. Prelinger Archives collection not! quantitative ascribing Consequences, teachers, and be!
go!!, Shadow Economy and Corruption: experiment and base. Adaptive Economics, 75, 114-125. foundations of Thiocapsa Roseopersicina Strain BBS high from the Estuary of the White Sea( Russian). Mikrobiologiya, mobile), 326-332. is Decrease Zooplankton Beta Diversity and Environmental Heterogeneity in an potential Floodplain System. Hydrobiologia, 753(1), 233-241. download Greek and Roman Necromancy 2004 of a Subtropical Eutrophic Shallow Lake in China: means on progressive teammates and unique associations. Hydrobiologia, 718(1), 59-71. educational Adaptation of Marine Zooplankton to Global Change. Marine Science, 5, 349-370. L,, Houtekamer, Marco, Middelburg, Jack J. Cyanobacteria as a Carbon download Миф о for Zooplankton in Eutrophic Lake Taihu, China, Measured by 13C Labeling and Fatty Acid Biomarkers. and t, 4, 1245-1254. sportsmans of Fishery Production in Pond Fish Farms of Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan Science News, honest), 92-103. | {
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Q: how can i make a string variable's font colour red in a messagebox from c# code? i have this code
public static bool Delete(int ID, string ProductName)
{
if (MessageBox.Show(productName + " will be deleted Permanently ", "Confirm Delete Option", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Warning) == DialogResult.No)
{
return false;
}
{
return true;
}
}
what i need to is make productName in messagebox below red in colour
if (MessageBox.Show(productName + " will be deleted Permanently "
A: You have to create your own Form for this.
In there you create one label and define your font.
After that you can define your no and yes Button.
private void No_button_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this.DialogResult = DialogResult.No;
this.Close();
this.Close();
}
The same for the yes button
There are multiple other advantages by creating your own form e.g. defining position.
A: That can't be done with MessageBox.
You need to define your own form with the layout as you like and then show it modally.
A: You will need to make your own MessageBox to make this possible. It's simple as creating a form and then chaning the ForeColor with Visual Designer or with System.Drawing.Color = http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.drawing.color.aspx
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Custom fields are managed in the LOCATE Settings, within each module. The modules that contain custom fields are noted by a "C" symbol in the Settings navigation menu.
Click one of the modules from the left menu with a bold "C" icon.
Click onto the Custom Fields tab.
On the left you'll see a list of all current custom fields and the order in which they will appear in LOCATE. Use the arrows to reorder the custom fields.
On the custom field profile page, you may view and edit all details pertaining to the custom field.
The name and description of the field will appear here.
Note that the custom field name must be unique.
You may choose whether or not there should be a default value for the custom field. For example, if the answer for a check-box type custom field is most often going to be "Yes" you may select it as a default value to appear automatically.
There are many types of custom fields that may be created in LOCATE, which determine their formatting and use throughout the system.
Text Box - A text box will only display one line of text in LOCATE, but can contain up to 65,535 characters.
Checkbox - This type of custom field will create check-box for the user to flag.
Listbox - A listbox will generate a list of options from which the user can select a value. For information on how to manage custom lists, continue here.
Textarea - The textarea field is designed to contain and display up to 65,535 characters.
Currency Box - This field type will be displayed with a currency symbol and will round the number entered to the nearest hundredth. [Ex: $1,000.00] This field does not allow commas, as they will be automatically added once the field has been saved.
URL - A website address may be entered into this type of custom field, and hyperlinked for easy access. The site entered must include the full address, for example: "https://www.locateinv.com". Formats such as "locateinv.com" or "www.locateinv.com" are not acceptable.
Here you may specify whether or not it is required to complete the custom field when creating or editing a record in LOCATE.
If you would like to establish a character limit for the custom field, you may do so here by simply entering in the numerical limit. For example: entering "6" would limit the field to 6 characters.
If the custom field type is "Listbox", you will be able to view all of the list values associated to the field in the section below.
You may make a value default for the custom field by clicking "Make Default" next to the desired item.
Field Name - Enter the name of the custom field.
Description - Enter a description of the custom field for the users' reference. This is optional.
Type - Select the desired type.
Default Value - Enter the default value for the custom field, if desired. This field will only be made available for certain custom field types.
Required - Select whether or not the user must fill out the custom field when creating a record.
It is most common to complete the desired custom fields when a record is first created. For example, a new sales order or a new carrier. The available custom fields will appear at the bottom of the create screen, and the user may complete them before they save the record. If the custom field is required, the user must fill it out to save the record.
Each module that has custom fields will have a custom sub-tab on which to use the custom fields associated to a specific record.
Navigate to the individual record for which you would like to manage the custom fields.
Click onto the Custom sub-tab.
Use the column headers to sort and find the custom field you would like to change.
If you do not see the custom field you need, you will first need to create the custom field. Click Manage Custom Fields to quickly navigate to the appropriate page in the Settings Module.
Fill in or select a new value.
Required fields will be marked with a green check-mark.
If the custom field is a list type, you will have an additional option to click Go To List to view the full custom list.
Order-related modules will also allow for the association of line-item custom fields. For example, sales orders, purchase orders, quotes, invoices, etc.
Use the line item column headers to sort and find the line to which you would like to associate custom field data.
Click the "C" badge to the right.
Fill in or select new values.
Required fields will be marked with an asterisk.
Line-level custom fields may be edited after a sales order or purchase order has been issued.
The custom field type cannot be edited once the field has been created.
Navigate to the custom field you wish to edit.
Change the details you wish to modify.
Deleting a custom field will remove the field from all associated records in LOCATE and archive the custom field.
Click the module from the left menu that you would like to remove the custom field from.
Click onto the Custom Fields sub-tab.
In the custom field list on the left, find the field that you would like to remove and click the red "X" symbol.
This page was last modified on 23 August 2017, at 23:44. | {
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Microtech Ltd is listed under the Manchester Computer Systems & Software category and is located in 263 Kingsway , Manchester, Lancashire. It can be reached at phone number 0161 442 1333. For other Computer Systems & Software in Manchester, please check Micro Communications, Daystar Computing Solutions, Mintra Ltd., Hepburn Computer Services Ltd., and Pal Computers. All listings can be found in the Computer Systems & Software page.
enQuira UK is a business directory and is not affiliated with Microtech Ltd. To report inaccurate information about this listing please click here. | {
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Child Trends serves as a strategic planning and research partner to Conscious Discipline, a trauma-informed, social-emotional learning (SEL) and classroom management program. Since 2017, Child Trends has worked with Conscious Discipline to develop a coordinated approach to research, partnerships, and funding, and on expanding Conscious Discipline's representation on evidence-based program registries. Our work includes helping Conscious Discipline validate its tools created to assess fidelity of implementation, providing technical assistance for researchers studying Conscious Discipline across various program contexts, and planning and conducting selected special studies.
In 2018, Child Trends helped develop a theory of change and logic model for Conscious Discipline. We also updated the program's process for managing research inquiries, including the development of FAQs for researchers, program evaluators, and school districts interested in conducting research on Conscious Discipline. Child Trends also completed a descriptive study of the Conscious Discipline Parenting Education Curriculum delivered in four Head Start programs. The study found that, after the seven-week Conscious Discipline parenting class series—and again at 12-week follow-up—Head Start parents that completed the class series reported decreased use of harsh discipline techniques and improved relationships with their children.
Child Trends is currently developing plans to examine changes in adult and child executive function, children's social-emotional competencies, and school discipline referrals in selected CD-implementing school districts. Child Trends is also designing an impact study of Conscious Discipline and seeking funds to complete it. For more information, contact Kristen Darling ([email protected]). | {
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Home>International>Europe
Big Yellow Self Storage Commemorates WWI Centennial With Rooftop Poppy-Seed Planting
TAGS: United Kingdom Marketing Companies and Products News
U.K. self-storage operator Big Yellow Group PLC has planted thousands of poppy seeds on the roof of its facility in Hounslow, England, to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the outbreak of World War I. Company officials are hopeful the flowers will bloom by Aug. 4, which coincides with Great Britain's entry into the war, according to the source.
The flowers are meant as a reminder to the human sacrifice endured during the global conflict, the source reported. The seeds are arranged to form the numeral "100" when they bloom.
"We wanted to mark this year in a unique way," said Daniel MacAuliffe, managing director of Wild About Roofs, which did the planting. "By sowing the poppy seeds and watching them grow over the coming months into a spectacular and bright 100, this is a great way to show our support to the 100 years of remembrance."
The planting was done in partnership between Big Yellow, Wild About Roofs and the Hounslow Chamber of Commerce. The project also included sponsorships from local companies.
Once the flowers are in bloom, a special event will be held at the Big Yellow storage facility to unveil the "100," MacAuliffe said.
Big Yellow Group operates 66 self-storage locations in the United Kingdom under the Big Yellow Self Storage brand name, with most concentrated in Greater London. The portfolio comprises 4.2 million square feet.
Get West London: Rooftop Poppy Field Planted to Mark WW1 Centenary
Sweden-Based EQT Acquires Majority Stake in Self-Storage Supplier Storable
Shurgard Self Storage Receives 4-Star GRESB Rating for Sustainability Performance
Real Estate Developer Klövern Acquires Half of Swedish Self-Storage Operator Servistore | {
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Seamless Transitions is hiring a manager in training candidate for our Monroe office.
The management training program is to train strong individuals in the oversight of other entry level roles in our company. Candidates will work closely with other Account and Assistant Managers to ensure greater growth and marketing success. This position is competitive, fast paced, and people oriented!
Learning entry level position duties and responsibilities to effectively train and manage entry level candidates.
Some cross training in interviewing, scheduling, etc.
Salary is competitive with a guaranteed wage based off of a 40 hour work week, with a commission package available. | {
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Thank you so much for coming to us in looking for "TANI Mobile Marketing" online.
It should be hard to get more modest gains (~ 10%) throughout the day. Study how to read these Candlestick charts! And I discovered these two rules to be true: having small gains is more lucrative than trying to resist up to the pinnacle. Most day traders follow Candlestick, so it's better to examine publications than wait for order confirmation when you believe the price is going down. Secondly, there's more unpredictability and compensation in currencies that never have made it to the profitableness of websites like Coinwarz.
Entrepreneurs in the cryptocurrency movement may be wise to explore possibilities for making massive ammonts of cash with various forms of internet marketing.There could be a rich reward for anyone daring enough to endure the cryptocurrency marketplaces.Bitcoin architecture provides an informative example of how one might make lots of money in the cryptocurrency marketplaces. Bitcoin is an incredible intellectual and technical accomplishment, and it has generated an avalanche of editorial coverage and venture capital investment opportunities. But very few people understand that and miss out on quite lucrative business models made accessible due to the growing use of blockchain technology.
It is certainly possible, but it must be able to recognize opportunities irrespective of marketplace behaviour. The market moves in relation to price BTC … So even if it's in a BTC trend down can make money by buying the altcoins which are altcoin oversold trading ratios-BTC. Sure, your purchasing power in DOLLARS may be lower, but as long as your purchasing power in BTC is still growing you'll be fine.
Cryptocurrency is freeing people to transact money and do business on their terms. Each user can send and receive payments in a similar way, but they also take part in more complex smart contracts. Multiple signatures enable a transaction to be supported by the network, but where a certain number of a defined group of folks consent to sign the deal, blockchain technology makes this possible. This permits innovative dispute mediation services to be developed in the future. These services could enable a third party to approve or reject a transaction in the event of disagreement between the other parties without checking their money. Unlike cash and other payment systems, the blockchain constantly leaves public proof a transaction happened. This can be potentially used in an appeal against companies with deceptive practices.
Anyone can become a Bitcoin miner running applications with specialized hardware. Mining applications listen for broadcast transactions on the peer-to-peer network and perform the appropriate jobs to process and affirm these transactions. Bitcoin miners do this because they are able to make transaction fees paid by users for faster transaction processing, and new bitcoins in existence are under denominated formulas. When searching online for TANI mobile marketing, there are many things to think about.
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For most users of cryptocurrencies it's not necessary to comprehend how the process functions in and of itself, but it is fundamentally vital that you comprehend that there is a procedure for mining to create virtual money. Unlike monies as we know them today where Authorities and banks can only select to print endless amounts (I 'm not saying they're doing thus, just one point), cryptocurrencies to be operated by users using a mining application, which solves the advanced algorithms to release blocks of monies that can enter into circulation.
Ethereum is an unbelievable cryptocurrency platform, yet, if growth is too fast, there may be some difficulties. If the platform is adopted fast, Ethereum requests could improve drastically, and at a rate that surpasses the rate with which the miners can create new coins. Under such a scenario, the entire platform of Ethereum could become destabilized because of the increasing costs of running distributed applications. In turn, this could dampen interest Ethereum platform and ether. Instability of demand for ether can lead to an adverse change in the economic parameters of an Ethereum based business which could lead to business being unable to continue to manage or to cease operation.
Many people would rather use a currency deflation, particularly those who want to save. Despite the criticism and disbelief, a cryptocurrency coin may be better suited for some applications than others. Monetary privacy, for instance, is great for political activists, but more debatable when it comes to political campaign financing. We need a secure cryptocurrency for use in commerce; If you are living pay check to pay check, it would take place as part of your wealth, with the remainder allowed for other currencies.
The physical Internet backbone that carries information between the different nodes of the network has become the work of a number of firms called Internet service providers (ISPs), including firms offering long-distance pipelines, occasionally at the international level, regional local pipe, which finally joins in families and businesses. The physical connection to the Internet can only occur through one of these ISPs, players like level 3, Cogent, and IBM AT&T. Each ISP runs its own network. Internet service providers Exchange IXPs, owned or private companies, and occasionally by Authorities, make for each of these networks to be interconnected or to move messages across the network. Many ISPs have agreements with providers of physical Internet backbone providers to offer Internet service over their networks for "last mile"-consumers and businesses who desire to get Internet connectivity. Internet protocols, followed by everyone in the network makes it possible for the information to flow without interruption, in the correct area at the perfect time.
While none of these organizations "possesses" the Internet collectively these companies determine how it functions, and established rules and standards that everyone remains. Contracts and legal framework that underlies all that is occurring to discover how things work and what happens if something bad happens. To get a domain name, for instance, one needs permission from a Registrar, which has a contract with ICANN. To connect to the Internet, your ISP must be physical contracts with providers of Internet backbone services, and suppliers have contracts with IXPs from the Internet backbone to attach to and with her. Concern over security problems? A working group is formed to work with the issue and the solution developed and deployed is in the interest of most parties. If the Internet is down, you might have someone to phone to get it mended. If the difficulty is from your ISP, they in turn have contracts set up and service level agreements, which regulate the way in which these issues are worked out.
The advantage of cryptocurrency is that it uses blockchain technology. The network of nodes the make up the blockchain isn't regulated by any centered company. No one can tell the miners to update, speed up, slow down, stop or do anything. And that is something that as a devoted supporter badge of honour, and is identical to the way the Internet operates. But as you comprehend now, public Internet governance, normalities and rules that regulate how it works current inherent problems to the user. Blockchain technology has none of that.
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Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, LiteCoin, Ether, YOCoin, and many others happen to be designed as a non-fiat currency. Quite simply, its backers contend that there is "actual" worth, even through there isn't any physical representation of that worth. The worth rises due to computing power, that is, is the lone way to create new coins distributed by allocating CPU electricity via computer programs called miners. Miners create a block after a time period which is worth an ever declining amount of money or some kind of reward to be able to ensure the shortage. Each coin contains many smaller components. For Bitcoin, each unit is called a satoshi. Once created, each Bitcoin (or 100 million satoshis) exists as a cipher, that is part of the block that gave rise to it. Anyone who has mined the coin holds the address, and transfers it to some value is provided by another address, which is a "wallet" file stored on a computer. The blockchain is where the public record of trades resides.
The fact that there is little evidence of any growth in using virtual money as a currency may be the reason there are minimal attempts to regulate it. The reason behind this could be simply that the market is too little for cryptocurrencies to warrant any regulatory effort. It truly is also possible the regulators simply don't comprehend the technology and its consequences, anticipating any developments to act.
In the case of the fully functioning cryptocurrency, it may also be dealt as a thing. Proponents of cryptocurrencies proclaim that form of virtual cash is not managed by a main banking system and is not therefore subject to the vagaries of its inflation. Since there are always a limited amount of goods, this money's price is based on market forces, enabling homeowners to business over cryptocurrency trades.
Mining cryptocurrencies is how new coins are placed into circulation. Because there's no government control and crypto coins are digital, they cannot be printed or minted to make more. The mining process is what produces more of the coin. It may be useful to think of the mining as joining a lottery group, the pros and cons are the same. Mining crypto coins means you will really get to keep the full benefits of your efforts, but this reduces your odds of being successful. Instead, joining a pool means that, overall, members will have a greater potential for solving a block, but the reward will be divided between all members of the pool, based on the number of "shares" won.
If you're thinking of going it alone, it really is worth noting that the software configuration for solo mining can be more complex than with a swimming pool, and beginners would be likely better take the latter path. This option also creates a stable flow of earnings, even if each payment is modest compared to fully block the benefit.
The sweetness of the cryptocurrencies is that scam was proved an impossibility: due to the dynamics of the method by which it is transacted. All deals on a crypto-currency blockchain are permanent. Once youare paid, you get paid. This is simply not anything shortterm wherever your web visitors may challenge or demand a discounts, or use unethical sleight of hand. In practice, many professionals would be wise to make use of a transaction processor, due to the permanent dynamics of crypto-currency transactions, you must make sure that stability is hard. With any kind of crypto-currency may it be a bitcoin, ether, litecoin, or any of the numerous additional altcoins, thieves and hackers might gain access to your private tips and so take your money. Unfortunately, you most likely will never have it back. It is very important for you really to follow some very good secure and safe routines when coping with any cryptocurrency. This may guard you from many of these bad activities. | {
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Q: External program blocks when run by Runtime exec I'm attempting to launch an instance of the VideoLAN program from within a java application. One of the ways I've tried to do this is shown here:
Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("\"C:\\Program Files\\VideoLAN\\VLC\\vlc.exe\" \"http://www.dr.dk/Forms/Published/PlaylistGen.aspx?qid=1316859&odp=true\" :sout=#std{access=udp,mux=ts,dst=127.0.0.1:63928}");
If I execute the above command the vlc program will be launched, and will start a streaming operation (it goes through connect, buffering and then streaming phases).
When the command is executed by Runtime exec (or ProcessBuilder start), the vlc program will hang when it reached the end of the buffering phase. If all threads in the java program are terminated/run to an end, the vlc program will progress to the streaming phase. The java process will not terminate until the vlc process is closed, so this behavior is obviously the result of some sort of coupling between the processes.
Have tried to execute the command indirectly by writing it to a .cmd file and then executing it, but results in the same behavior.
Any ideas for how I can avoid the external process hanging?
A: Hmm, my guess would be that VLC filled your STDOUT buffer and is hung in a printf statement because STDOUT is waiting for that buffer to empty.
You need to get the stream for the process's output and read it (even if you discard it).
I recommend you read this article
On the 4th page is a good example of how to read the streams in threads so your child process won't block.
A: This site is fantastic :). For some reason an approach I thought had already been tried suddenly started working.
The problem is that vlc writes to its stdErrOut (which is not visible when executed in a prompt). It then blocks once some output buffer is full. A solution is to have a stdErr redirected to stdOut and then have a thread empty the input stream of the process object.
It is however not an optimal solution, since I need a fair amount of external processes, and you can't do non-blocking I/O on their input streams. Will experiment a bit with having a timer service drive empty-reading for a number of processes. Other suggestions for how to de-couple the processes to avoid this problem are very welcome.
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Nowadays, biomaterials is becoming a promising green and renewable technology compared with conventional fossil fuels. It occurs either in forms of biofuels, which is a process of converting chemical energy in the substances into mechanical energies, or biofuel cells (BFCs), which use enzymes as the catalysts to harvest energy from environmental and sustainable fuels abundantly producible from biological systems. However, the applications of current BFCs is greatly limited by their poor stability and high specificity to only one fuel type of these bio-catalysts. In this project, we demonstrate a unique BFC equipped with two identical enzyme-free electrodes based on Co3O4 coated 3D graphene, has the ability to harvest electricity from various sugarfuels (glucose, sucrose, or lactose) efficiently. Considering the advantages of the dual catalytic ability of nanostructured Co3O4 for both glucose oxidation and oxygen reduction together with the exceptional electrical and structural properties of 3D graphene, our glucose-powered BFC which has the excellent long-term stability, can provide the highest open circuit potential (~1.1 V) and power density output (2.38 ± 0.17 mW/cm2) ever reported. | {
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Home>Browse>Books>Children's>The Princess and the Shoe
The Princess and the Shoe
Caryl Hart, illustrated by Sarah Warburton
A sporty reimagining of Cinderella for any princess (or prince) who prefers muddy trainers to glass slippers.
Princess Jasmine is not like her stepsisters. She hates long dresses and sitting still and would much rather take part in the big cross-country race. So, when a fairy godmother appears with a new pair of speedy magic trainers, well, it looks like her dream has come true! That is, until she loses one of her trainers . . . how will she even finish the race? But when she goes on to WIN, was it the magic trainers or was it Jasmine's determination and belief in herself?
More books by this author More books in this series
Caryl is a full-time children's writer, who also runs creative workshops with local schools. Her first picture book, Don't Dip Your Chips in Your Drink, Kate! won two regional awards, and was shortlisted for a third. Her Princess series, illustrated by Sarah Warburton, has sold over 220,000 copies worldwide. She lives in the Peak District with her guitar-playing husband, two cheeky daughters, one extremely fluffy black cat, a goldfish, four hens and a dog called Roo. As well as writing, Caryl loves walking in the hills, swimming, snuggling, baking, weeding, running, sleeping, chatting, and sitting in cafes.
Sarah grew up in Anglesey, North Wales. She studied illustration at the University of the West of England, in Bristol, and hasn't looked back since. Sarah has created many books, working for a large variety of publishers, including illustrating the Rumblewick series, which has sold worldwide and is under movie option with DreamWorks. Her Princess series, written by Caryl Hart, has sold over 220,000 copies worldwide. Sarah lives in Bristol with her husband, two children and a grumpy guinea pig.
Category: Children's
Publisher: Nosy Crow
Imprint: Nosy Crow
Page Extent: 32
Subject: Children's, Teenage & educational | {
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Archaeology news: Researchers stunned by demonic detail discovered in Iraqi cave
ARCHAEOLOGISTS have made a terrifying discovery of a demon drawn onto a clay tablet which ancient Iraqis believed was to blame for epilepsy.
PUBLISHED: 14:31, Mon, Jan 6, 2020 | UPDATED: 14:38, Mon, Jan 6, 2020
Archaeology news: Researchers stunned by demonic detail discovered in Iraqi cave (Image: UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN)
A 2,700-year old clay tablet was discovered in a cave in Iraq but has been kept in the Vorderasiatisches Museum in Berlin for the past four years. On the tablet, a horned figure which appears to be part human-part goat is depicted – a demon known as Bennu. The image shows the monster standing tall, with hoofed feet, a tail and a snakes tongue poking out of its mouth.
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Along with the drawing are symptoms of 'Bennu-epilepsy', which the ancient Assyrians thought was epilepsy caused by the demon.
The symptoms of the disease included: seizures, loss of consciousness or sanity, and, in some cases, the patients cried out like a goat, according to the research published in Journal des Médecines Cunéiformes.
The Assyrians believed diseased were inflicted by gods and demons, and the uncovered drawing shows how the ancients believed that diseases such as Bennu-eplipsy could be cured by rituals.
Furthermore, the researchers believe it is the first known recording of epilepsy and its symptoms.
The demon had horns and a snake tongue (Image: UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN)
The demon can be seen at the bottom of the tablet (Image: UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN)
Lead researcher Troels Pank Arbøll from the University of Copenhagen said: "We have known for a long time that the Assyrians and Babylonians regarded diseases as phenomena that were caused by gods, demons or witchcraft.
"And healers were responsible for expelling these supernatural forces and the medical symptoms they caused with drugs, rituals or incantations.
"But this is the first time that we have managed to connect one of the very rare illustrations of demons in the medical texts with the specific disease epilepsy, which the Assyrians and Babylonians called Bennu.
"Drawings of supernatural powers are very rare on cuneiform tablets with magical and medical treatments.
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"When there is a drawing, it usually depicts one of the figures that the healers used in their rituals, not the demon itself.
"But here we have a presentation of an epilepsy demon as the healer who wrote the text must have imagined it.
"The text also states that the demon acted on behalf of the lunar god Sîn when it inflicted a person with epilepsy.
"So the Assyrians and Babylonians believed that there was a connection between the moon, epilepsy and insanity.
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Researchers believe it is the first known recording of epilepsy and its symptoms (Image: GETTY)
"In the following millennia, this idea became widespread, also in our part of the world, and it can still be detected in the English word 'lunacy'.
"In other words, the views on illness, diagnoses and treatments in the earliest civilisations have had a significant impact on later perceptions of illness, even in recent history."
Assyria was an ancient kingdom and later empire on the river Tigris found in present-day northern Iraq.
Assyria is one of the earliest civilisations, and the history of ancient Assyria dates from approximately 2000 to 612 BCE.
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This Week on Martine
News from the White Plains Public Library
Fall is just around the corner, so let's take a look at just a few of the many new exhibits available through our Museum Pass program.
The Katonah Museum of Art's forthcoming show looks fascinating: Outrageous Ornament, Extreme Jewelry in the 21st Century. From the beginning of recorded time, jewelry has both articulated identity as well as heralded status. In recognition of the universal passion for, and power of, jewelry, the museum presents provocative work by internationally renowned artists that expand the boundaries, and our understanding, of personal adornment. Opens October 21 and runs through January 27, 2019.
Andy Warhol: Subject and Seriality is the new show at The Neuberger Museum, and it explores the artist's iconic approach to his subject matter through prints, photographs, and multiples. Open now through December 23.
The New-York Historical Society consistently offers some of the most interesting and diverse exhibits in the City. Try and catch Walk this Way: Footwear from the Stuart Weitzman Collection of Historic Shoes, that closes October 8. Over 100 shoes on view from the designer's extensive collection. Opening September 7 is Black Citizenship in the Age of Jim Crow, that explores the struggle for full citizenship and racial equality that unfolded in the 50 years after the Civil War, highlighting the central role played by African Americans in advocating for their rights. And if you go to the Historical Society, save time to see the ongoing exhibit of Tiffany lamps!
Finally, the New York Transit Museum is presenting Underground Heroes: New York Transit in Comics, open now through January 6, 2019. New York is a colorful setting for illustrated stories, so it comes as no surprise that our iconic transportation system plays a starring role in comics and graphic novels. Drawing on satirical cartoons, comic strips and comic books from the 19th through the 21st centuries, this show is a raucous ride through New York's transit system.
The Museum Pass program is available only for White Plains Public Library cardholders. Not all museums make library memberships available, and we do continuously review new museums to add, and monitor the performance of existing memberships. Please send any suggestions to Tim Baird,
[email protected].
Brian Kenney
[email protected]
Library Closed for Labor Day
Please note that the Library will be closed on September 1st, 2nd, and 3rd for Labor Day Weekend. We will reopen with our regular 10:00 a.m.-9:00 p.m. hours on Tuesday, September 4th. Our outdoor book drop located to the left of our main entrance will remain open for anyone looking to return materials while we're closed.
September Poetry Slam
Our exciting "1st Wednesday" series continues with Open Mic, SLAM competition and a feature performance from guest poet Clementine von Radics!
Clementine von Radics is a poet whose work centers around the queer femme experience and its relation to romance and the body. Their confessional, conversational work blends poetry and performance, and has achieved a wide appeal among both traditional and non-traditional poetry audiences. Clementine is the author of the best-selling collection Mouthful of Forevers and the lyricist of the song cycle "Clementine," that made its debut at Carnegie Hall in 2015. Clementine served as a founding collective member of Slamlandia, Portland, Oregon's first and only scored slam, as well as the Slam Master at the Portland Poetry Slam, Portland's oldest and longest-running spoken word event. As a slam poet, they have competed at the Individual National Poetry Slam, and the Women of the World Poetry Slam, and performed on the finals stage of the Individual World Poetry Slam. Their poems from these and other events have been viewed over 1.5 million times on YouTube. Over the past five years they have toured extensively, performing in 49 states and six countries. They are currently based in Brooklyn, New York. Clementine's third collection, In A Dream You Saw A Way To Survive, is scheduled for release in April 2019.
To take part in the open mic or slam, please register between 6:30 and 7:00 p.m. Slam poets should bring at least one original poem of up to 3 minutes. Registration closes promptly at 7:00 p.m., and the program starts shortly thereafter. Co-hosted by local poet and slam-master Eric ZORK Alan. All are welcome! Questions? Contact program librarian Ben Himmelfarb by phone (422-6980) or e-mail ([email protected]). Poetry Slam is a project of the White Plains Library Foundation.
This Week in White Plains
The White Plains My Brother's Keeper Initiative is partnering with area barbershops to offer 200 White Plains low income youth a free back-to-school haircut.
Mayor Tom Roach said, "Thank you to the local barbershops participating in this program. This partnership is an example of the business community lifting our kids up to help them to know that they are cared for, and they want our youth to succeed in school." Frank Williams, Jr., Executive Director of the Youth Bureau said, "The free haircut program will help kids begin the school year in the right frame of mind."
Haircuts will be provided Monday, August 27th through Saturday, September 8th. Haircuts are available to elementary and middle school age youth.
To see the full list of participating barbershops, visit the City of White Plains website.
Support for the Back to School Fresh Haircut initiative is made possible by the Minister Fellowship Council of White Plains and Vicinity, White Plains My Brother's Keeper Initiative, the empower YOU program of the Nepperhan Community Center, and the White Plains Youth Bureau.
To receive a free haircut at one of the above barbershops, please contact Laura Montoya at the White Plains Youth Bureau, (914) 422-1378 (Monday –Friday, 9 a.m. –5:00 p.m.) to get a voucher.
Build a Better Book Exhibit
Starting this Friday, August 31, stop by the Trove and check out the Build a Better Book exhibit displayed on the bulletin board along the Trove tree trail. During a summer community service workshop, teens in the Edge created a tactile picture book designed for visually impaired children. They created an alphabet-themed tactile picture book, portraying each letter of the alphabet alongside an object or animal that begins with that letter. The 3D book pages are so touchable that we couldn't resist displaying them for our patrons to touch and experience! The exhibit will be on display through Tuesday, September 25.
This project was supported by the Allstate Foundation and conducted in partnership with the Build a Better Book project, based at the University of Colorado Boulder.
September 2018 LibraryReads
Here are the top ten books published this month that librarians across the country love.
The 7 1/2 Deaths of Evelyn Hardcastle by Stuart Turton
Published: 9/18/2018 by Sourcebooks Landmark
"Imagine the movie Groundhog Day, except this time Aiden Bishop wakes up each day in a deteriorating manor house, as a different person, and must work out who he is and how he relates to everyone else at the party commemorating the long ago death of a child. If he can't solve the murder that occurs at the party, he is doomed to continue the loop every eight days. A riveting page turner." –Becky Bowen, Kenton County Public Library, Erlanger, KY
Josh and Hazel's Guide to Not Dating by Christina Lauren
Published: 9/4/2018 by Gallery Books
"Hazel is the eccentric, exuberant friend who'll make you fall in love with her, and she's not interested in being 'dateable.' Josh is busy being a workaholic, trying to make a long distance relationship work, and not pursuing romance with anyone else. But when his sister's best friend Hazel blows back into his life, he is powerless to resist her genuine joie de vivre. If you're looking for your next perfect read after The Kiss Quotient, look no further! A lovely slow burn." –Elizabeth Gabriel, Milwaukee Public Library, Milwaukee, WI
Lies by T.M. Logan
Published: 9/11/2018 by St. Martin's Press
"When Joe unwittingly discovers that his wife has been having an affair with her friend's husband, his life starts to unravel. It seems that her lover now wants Joe out of the picture. Follow the cat-and-mouse plot as it explodes with a shocking finish! Great fun for those readers who love a good psychological thriller." –Paulette Brooks, Elm Grove Public Library, Elm Grove, WI
Night and Silence by Seanan McGuire
Published: 9/4/2018 by DAW
"Toby is back in this latest installment of the October Daye series. Still reeling and recovering from the events of the last book, Toby and company are laying low. When her human daughter goes missing (again), Toby embarks on a twisty-turny race against time to find her. A solid entry and good choice for libraries with a strong demand for fantasy and urban fantasy." –Mei-Ling Thomas, Rochester Hills Public Library, Rochester, MI
Daughter of a Daughter of a Queen by Sarah Bird
Published: 9/4/2018 by St. Martin's Press
"A fascinating work of historical fiction about Cathay/Cathy Williams, a former slave turned Buffalo Soldier in post-Civil War America. Her raw and powerful story is sure to be popular with book clubs." –Sarah Fetterman, Upper St. Clair Township Library, Upper St. Clair, PA
Lake Success by Gary Shteyngart
Published: 9/4/2018 by Random House
"Shteyngart delivers another painfully funny novel about ambition, disappointment, and the darker side of the American dream. For fans of witty, offbeat, satirical humor." –Jennifer Alexander, St. Louis County Public Library, St. Louis, MO
The Dinner List by Rebecca Serle
Published: 9/11/2018 by Flatiron Books
"If you could have dinner with any five people, living or dead, who would they be? On her thirtieth birthday, Sabrina finds herself at dinner with her best friend, her ex-fiance, her long lost father, her college mentor and Audrey Hepburn, all with something to say to her. A charming combination of magical realism and romance." –Tracy Babiasz, Chapel Hill Public Library, Chapel Hill, NC
Published: 9/25/2018 by Little, Brown and Company
"In WWII era London, Juliet Armstrong is working as an espionage monitor for MI5. Ten years later she suddenly finds herself targeted by dangerous individuals from her past. For fans of smart, witty, suspenseful, historical or spy fiction and authors like Tana French, Laurie R. King, and John Le Carre." –Janet Lockhart, Wake County Public Libraries, Cary, NC
When the Lights Go Out by Mary Kubica
Published: 9/4/2018 by Park Row Books
"After her mother's death, Jessie is trying is trying to rebuild her life. In her way is her debilitating insomnia and a secret that shakes the core of her identity. Psychological suspense with an unreliable narrator. This one's for you Gone Girl fans." –Diane Gring, Chester County Library & District Center, Exton, PA
Hitting the Books by Jenn McKinlay
Published: 9/11/2018 by Berkley Prime Crime
"McKinlay's Lindsay Norris is back for another adventure in Briar Creek. As a fellow librarian, I appreciate her spot on observations of the library world. An upbeat cozy mystery with great characters and strong sense of place. For fans of the Aurora Teagarden mysteries and the Isabel Dalhousie mysteries." –Carly Budzynski, Salem Public Library, Salem, VA
Left: Puttin' On the Ritz. Photo by Bobby Begun.
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Copyright © 2017 White Plains Public Library, All rights reserved.
Kristen Thornton-De Stafeno, Editor - [email protected]
White Plains Public Library
[email protected]
Forward this to a Friend | {
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This Thanksgiving season was something extra special for me this year.
Lately, I've been holding on for dear life as I reach the finish line of my college career and anticipate the life that's ahead of me. Life takes us all to crazy places and each phase brings something new.
But, I'm thankful for one thing that always remains the same – roots.
This holiday, I was reminded that no matter how big my dreams are, no matter how far I travel or how far I wander home is always right where I left it.
I was reminded of all the people and the places that made me who I am.
And no matter if you grew up wealthy or poor, happy or unhappy, with a traditional family or a non-traditional family there are always those people and those places made you YOU and that is a beautiful thing.
These "roots" are the people who are always in your corner. The people who will always have your back. The people who value your best interest. They'll celebrate your successes and they'll be there to catch you when you fall.
It's a warm, fuzzy, sense of relief knowing that regardless of the twists and turns life throws these roots will be there, keeping me grounded.
I'm thankful for such a wonderful season that allows us to slow down, to be thankful and to be reminded of those little things in life that are truly the most important. | {
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Here at our Nissan dealership near Gahanna, OH, we want bringing your vehicle in for service to be quick, easy and no disruption to your routine. Our service department is dedicated to providing you with a better experience when it comes to auto repair and maintenance from start to finish!
To that end, we promise that every time you visit the Germain Nissan of Columbus service department, you will never have to put up with hours of uncertainty, unresponsive help or inflated prices. We're always here to make sure your vehicle gets the proper, high-quality work it needs to perform at its very best each and every time you take it out on the road. To get started today, give our service department a call at (855) 590-0131 or contact us online. We can't wait to serve you.
As you probably already know there are a lot of places to get vehicle maintenance and repair in Columbus, OH. However, we guaranty that you will not find another place as dedicated as Germain Nissan to making sure your needs are always the first priority. It is and always will be our top concern to make sure the job is done right by professional and trained vehicle technicians that always have you and your vehicle's safety in mind. To get started today we even have handy online tools where you can schedule a service appointment online here.
Quality, timeliness and last but not least, our fair prices are what makes the Germain Nissan Service Department a great place to do business at. How many times have you had your vehicle in for an oil change and end up leaving the shop spending way more than you thought you would on other services? Too often right? That isn't how we do business here. Don't get us wrong, if our mechanics see something that makes your vehicle unsafe to drive, or that may cause a problem in the near future we will tell you right away, but we aren't here to nickel and dime you, just to make sure you are being treated fairly and get the quality and respect you deserve! | {
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Anthony Nolan saves the lives of those who desperately need stem cell transplants by finding them matching donors. We are the UK's most successful stem cell register, managing and recruiting donors. We also undertake vital research to improve the successful outcome of stem cell transplants.
We are responsible for finding suitable unrelated donors for patients who require stem cell transplants. Fewer than 30% of patients who need stem cell transplants are able to find a compatible donor within their own families. The rest rely on the generosity of strangers who have volunteered to donate stem cells to anyone in need. | {
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It is an incredibly popular-- and also instead scary-- figure that everyone in business world has actually listened to that "90% of the startups stop working". If you take a look at these failed businesses which when began with much vitality as well as enthusiasm, they seldom fall short due to the fact that the idea or the concept of business itself was poor.
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What is a Sales Funnel How To Clickfunnels Click Form In Wordpress?
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In the beginning, Click Funnels Pricing may make you assume if it is worth it, however you will need it to earn a quick development as well as understanding amongst the clients especially in the very first few phases of running an organisation. This service specifically assists the startups and the business owners that are not very knowledgeable about the advertising and marketing and also sales procedure to obtain the most effective out of their advertising and marketing approaches by converting site visitors successfully to be customers.
When you pay a regular web designer to create a website for you, the final outcome could be aesthetically pleasing, but they commonly do not pay attention to making a sale through the system. When it involves any type of service website, the factor for anybody to introduce an on the internet area dedicated to their organisation is to lead any possible consumer that goes to the site to inevitably make an acquisition. Click Funnels has actually created a variety of internet site templates that include a complete sales funnels from the welcome screen to the final Thank You display. It resembles having a salesperson who would take your customers via until the final sale.
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Eight Dolphins of Katrina: A True Tale of Survival
by Janet Wyman Coleman and Yan Nascimbene
A beautifully illustrated nonfiction picture book that accounts the true story of eight bottlenose dolphins and their trainers who survived the devastating Hurricane Katrina.
On August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina crashed a forty-foot tidal wave over the Marine Life Oceanarium in Gulfport, Mississippi. The dolphin house was demolished, and its inhabitants swept from their tank into the Gulf of Mexico. After growing up in captivity, how could the eight bottlenose dolphins feed and protect themselves in the wild? And if they could survive, would their trainers ever see them again? This fascinating picture book—enriched with both beautiful color-wash illustrations and photographs taken by the trainers themselves—tells this dramatic, happy-ending story.
Janet Wyman Coleman
Janet is a talented nonfiction children's author. Her book, Secrets, Lies, Gizmos, and Spies: A History of Spies and Espionage (Abrams, 2006), was a 2007 ALA Best Books for Young Adults nominee, recipient of the National Parenting Publications 2006 gold award, and Scholastic book fairs took about 60,000 copies of the book. Her other recent non-fiction titles include Baseball for Everyone: Stories from the Great Game (Abrams, 2003), a Publishers Weekly Best Non-fiction Books of 2003 selection, and Famous Bears and Friends (Dutton, 2002). She is the proud mother of two grown sons and lives in Wayland, Massachusetts.
Yan Nascimbene
Half-French, half-Italian, the late Yan Nascimbeneshared his childhood between these two countries. After working as a photographer's assistant in a Paris fashion studio, Nascimbene studied at the School of Visual Arts in New York and at the University of California at Davis. Nascimbene's illustrations have appeared in numerous publications worldwide, including Time, Newsweek, The Wall Street Journal,Chicago Tribune, the New Yorker, Boston Globe, Toronto Life, ScientificAmerican, Atlantic Monthly, Hemispheres, etc. His commercial clients include Air France, British Airways, Continental Airlines, IBM, Apple, Macy's, Stanford University, UC Berkeley, Bank of America, United Way, Estée Lauder, Manpower, and more. Nascimbene also illustrated Houghton's Hachiko by Pamela Turner and The Beautiful Christmas Tree by Charlotte Zolotow
"Laced with dialogue that accentuates the trainers' affection for the dolphins and sense of urgency, Coleman's clipped narrative recounts the rescue of all eight. . . the late Nascimbene's dappled watercolors have a lovely silk-screened quality, contrasting the destructive force of the hurricane and the tranquility that arrives in its wake."
"A spark of hope in the wake of a devastating natural disaster."
"Animal lovers will empathize as they follow the trainers' worries and ultimate elation. A heartening, real-life rescue story."
"Heartwarming and informative." | {
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Description: Paper Accents Cardstock is an archival quality heavy card stock that is great for cards, invitations, scrapbook pages, memory albums and more. Acid free, lignin free and buffered. 8 x 8 inch. 80 lb. #127. Smooth Black. 15 pc.
See more Paper Accents 8 x 8 in. Cardstock.
Paper Accents Cdstk 8x8 Smooth Black 15pc -- CreateForLess 5.00 out of 5 based on 1 ratings. 1 user reviews. | {
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No. 45. The causes of disagreement in marriage.
≈ Comments Off on No. 45. The causes of disagreement in marriage.
Ὁταν γυνη πρως ανδρα μη διχοστατη.
But now 'tis hatred all.
Though, in the dissertations which you have given us on marriage, very just cautions are laid down against the common causes of infelicity, and the necessity of having, in that important choice, the first regard to virtue, is carefully inculcated; yet I cannot think the subject so much exhausted, but that a little reflection would present to the mind many questions, in the discussion of which great numbers are interested, and many precepts which deserve to be more particularly and forcibly impressed.
You seem, like most of the writers that have gone before you, to have allowed as an uncontested principle, that marriage is generally unhappy: but I know not whether a man who professes to think for himself, and concludes from his own observations, does not depart from his character when he follows the crowd thus implicitly, and receives maxims without recalling them to a new examination, especially when they comprise so wide a circuit of life, and include such a variety of circumstances. As I have an equal right with others to give my opinion of the objects about me, and a better title to determine concerning that state which I have tried, than many who talk of it without experience, I am unwilling to be restrained by mere authority from advancing what, I believe, an accurate view of the world will confirm, that marriage is not commonly unhappy, otherwise than as life is unhappy; and that most of those who complain of connubial miseries, have as much satisfaction as their nature would have admitted, or their conduct procured, in any other condition.
It is, indeed, common to hear both sexes repine at their change, relate the happiness of their earlier years, blame the folly and rashness of their own choice, and warn those whom they see coming into the world against the same precipitance and infatuation. But it is to be remembered, that the days which they so much wish to call back, are the days not only of celibacy but of youth, the days of novelty and improvement, of ardour and of hope, of health and vigour of body, of gaiety and lightness of heart. It is not easy to surround life with any circumstances in which youth will not be delightful; and I am afraid that whether married or unmarried, we shall find the vesture of terrestrial existence more heavy and cumbrous, the longer it is worn.
That they censure themselves for the indiscretion of their choice, is not a sufficient proof that they have chosen ill, since we see the same discontent at every other part of life which we cannot change. Converse with almost any man, grown old in a profession, and you will find him regretting that he did not enter into some different course, to which he too late finds his genius better adapted, or in which he discovers that wealth and honour are more easily attained. "The merchant," says Horace, "envies the soldier, and the soldier recounts the felicity of the merchant; the lawyer, when his clients harass him, calls out for the quiet of the countryman; and the countryman, when business calls him to town, proclaims that there is no happiness but amidst opulence and crowds." Every man recounts the inconveniences of his own station, and thinks those of any other less, because he has not felt them. Thus the married praise the ease and freedom of a single state, and the single fly to marriage from the weariness of solitude. From all our observations we may collect with certainty, that misery is the lot of man, but cannot discover in what particular condition it will find most alleviations; or whether all external appendages are not, as we use them, the causes either of good or ill.
Whoever feels great pain, naturally hopes for ease from change of posture; he changes it, and finds himself equally tormented: and of the same kind are the expedients by which we endeavour to obviate or elude those uneasinesses, to which mortality will always be subject. It is not likely that the married state is eminently miserable, since we see such numbers, whom the death of their partners has set free from it, entering it again.
Wives and husbands are, indeed, incessantly complaining of each other; and there would be reason for imagining that almost every house was infested with perverseness or oppression beyond human sufferance, did we not know upon how small occasions some minds bursts out, into lamentations and reproaches, and how naturally every animal revenges his pain upon those who happen to be near, without any nice examination of its cause. We are always willing to fancy ourselves within a little of happiness, and when, with repeated efforts, we cannot reach it, persuade ourselves that it is intercepted by an ill-paired mate, since, if we could find any other obstacle, it would be our own fault that it was not removed.
Anatomists have often remarked, that though our diseases are sufficiently numerous and severe, yet when we inquire into the structure of the body, the tenderness of some parts, the minuteness of others, and the immense multiplicity of animal functions that must concur to the healthful and vigorous exercise of all our powers, there appears reason to wonder rather that we are preserved so long, than that we perish so soon, and that our frame subsists for a single day, or hour, without disorder, rather than that it should be broken or obstructed by violence of accidents, or length of time.
The same reflection arises in my mind, upon observation of the manner in which marriage is frequently contracted. When I see the avaricious and crafty, taking companions to their tables and their beds without any inquiry, but after farms and money; or the giddy and thoughtless uniting themselves for life to those whom they have only seen by the light of tapers at a ball; when parents make articles for their children, without inquiring after their consent; when some marry for heirs to disappoint their brothers, and others throw themselves into the arms of those whom they do not love, because they have found themselves rejected where they were most solicitous to please; when some marry because their servants cheat them, some because they squander their own money, some because their houses are pestered with company, some because they will live like other people, and some only because they are sick in themselves, I am not so much inclined to wonder that marriage is sometimes unhappy, as that it appears so little loaded with calamity; and cannot but conclude that society has something in itself eminently agreeable to human nature, when I find its pleasures so great, that even the ill choice of a companion can hardly overbalance them.
By the ancient customs of the Muscovites, the men and women never saw each other till they were joined beyond the power of parting. It may be suspected that by this method many unsuitable matches were produced, and many tempers associated that were not qualified to give pleasure to each other. Yet, perhaps, among a people so little delicate, where the paucity of gratifications, and the uniformity of life, gave no opportunity for imagination to interpose its objections, there was not much danger of capricious dislike; and while they felt neither cold nor hunger they might live quietly together, without any thought of the defects of one another.
Amongst us, whom knowledge has made nice and affluence wanton, there are, indeed, more cautions requisite to secure tranquillity; and yet if we observe the manner in which those converse, who have singled out each other for marriage, we shall, perhaps, not think that the Russians lost much by their restraint. For the whole endeavour of both parties, during the time of courtship, is to hinder themselves from being known, and to disguise their natural temper, and real desires, in hypocritical imitation, studied compliance, and continual affectation. From the time that their love is avowed, neither sees the other but in a mask, and the cheat is managed often on both sides with so much art, and discovered afterwards with so much abruptness, that each has reason to suspect that some transformation has happened on the wedding night, and that, by a strange imposture, one has been courted, and another married.
I desire you, therefore, Mr. Rambler, to question all who shall hereafter come to you with matrimonial complaints, concerning their behaviour in the time of courtship, and inform them that they are neither to wonder nor repine, when a contract begun with fraud has ended in disappointment. | {
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One paragraph that describes your comparison of a thought, belief, or ritual in your own community with that from an indigenous culture. In a second paragraph, discuss the challenges in comparing thoughts, beliefs, or rituals from two communities in this way. Explain how this comparison might be useful.
Identify the indigenous group that you have selected and the region the group lives in.
Explain your reasoning of why this group is considered indigenous.
What other potential sources of financing for Jacquii LLC do you recommend Rosshandler explore? Explain.
What are the advantages and the disadvantages of using equity capital and debt capital to finance a small business's growth?
What steps could Rosshandler have taken to avoid her company's cash flow problem?
Should Jacqui Rosshandler accept the investment offer from Arthur Shorin? Explain. | {
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The qualified team at Holloway & Co in the Darling Downs are highly experienced in carpet cleaning and all facets of pest control. We can also clean upholstery, hard flooring, and perform pre-purchase pest inspections for property buyers.
Our knowledgeable team has compiled some of our most commonly received queries regarding pest control and carpet cleaning in your home or business.
Contact us today for more information or to book a same-day service.
We've been providing pest control and carpet cleaning services to the entire Toowoomba region since 1951.
In particular, we cover Millmeran, Withcott, Gatton, Pittswoth, Oakey, Highfields, Hodgsons Vale, Westbrook and Crow's Nest.
I had my lounge cleaned earlier today, can I sit on it now?
If your couch is dry, go for it. If it's not fully dry yet you can put a towel down where you want to sit. When you're done, remove the towel to let the couch finish drying completely.
Are your pest control chemicals safe for pets and babies?
On the whole, yes. At Holloway & Co we have a variety of environmentally friendly treatments available. Of course, caution should always be used when considering using any kind of chemicals in areas where children or pets frequent.
That being said, small pets such as fish and birds should be kept well away from pest control chemicals and rodent chemicals should not be used around pets or young children.
There are termites in my walls! What do I do?
First things first, don't disturb them. Spraying them with fly or surface spray will prompt the termite colony to find other areas of your structural frame to eat.
If you've found termites in your home or business, call us straight away.
What type of lounges do you clean?
We can clean all fabric lounges including cotton, polycotton, spun cotton, wool and suede.
How does do-it-yourself carpet cleaning compare to professional services?
Do-it-yourself carpet cleaning definitely has its attractive qualities, the main being that quite often it's cheaper than getting a professional service done.
However, do-it-yourself services mean just that—you're the one putting in the work, and quite often these cleans don't last as long as one done by a professional.
Save yourself the hassle and contact us today.
I have an old stain. Can you remove it?
A lot of the time, yes, we can. Using our steam water extraction methods, we can work the stain until it's gone, whether it's on carpet, mattresses, or a lounge suite.
However, old stains can be tricky, so we cannot 100% guarantee removal. Some liquids can irreversibly damage the carpet, such as those which cause bleaching or dyeing of the fibres. These unfortunately cannot be restored.
How much furniture do I have to move?
We'll ask you to remove small items such as coffee tables, floor lamps, and bedside tables while we perform a thorough steam clean of your floors. Our team will move larger items like lounge suites as needed.
How often should I get a pest control done?
For maximum effectiveness, both general pest controls and termite-specific services should be performed once every 12 months.
If you're worried about a pest problem, contact us to organise a termite or general inspection.
We recommend getting a full steam clean of your carpets done once every 12 months. If renting, carpet cleaning should be performed as required by property manager and at end of lease.
How dry will my carpets be after cleaning?
Your carpets will still be slightly damp after a thorough steam clean, similar to the end of a good "spin dry" cycle.
Opening doors and windows will encourage air circulation and mats or rugs can be hung on clotheslines to hasten drying.
How soon can I walk on my carpet after it's been cleaned?
You could walk on it straight away, even though it won't be completely dry. We recommend giving your steam-cleaned carpets a couple of hours to dry before resuming frequent use.
Can chewing gum / Blu-tak be removed?
Chewing gum yes, Blu-tak, most of the time.
What do I do for blood / vomit / red wine stains?
Keep the stain damp (i.e. lay a wet towel over it) and seek professional help ASAP. Most of these stains can be removed if treated and cleaned professionally without much delay.
What do I do for coffee / alcohol stains?
Keep damp until able to be professionally treated. Most of these stains can be fully removed.
Regarding tile cleaning, will the water splash on my furniture?
No, all water is controlled and extracted by the cleaning machine.
What will my old carpet look like after you clean it?
A It will depend on the age and condition of the carpet, and how long any stains have been there and what they are. However overall, the carpet will look and feel a lot cleaner and the pile will be lifted. Harmful allergens and odours will often be removed, all of which will help prolong the life of your carpet.
Do DIY termite prevention products work?
They may for a short time, but it really is a "band aid approach." The home can be quickly reinfested by the same colony.
How long do your pest control chemicals work for?
Termites – Our chemicals are active for 5-10 years.
Other pests – Time frames vary depending on infestation and site.
Do I need to remove items from cupboards?
No, this is not necessary, as chemicals are not applied to items in cupboards. | {
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Q: FireFox 43 is working intermittently with Selenium 2.48 Java Code I am using firefox 43, selenium 2.48. Sometimes, the code gets executed end to end but sometimes, it doesn't work at the very first step itself such login, clicking etc.
Can anyone please help me on this?
Thanks in advance.
A: Selenium 2.48 support until Firefox 41, and Selenium 2.48 has an know issue on click. Try Selenium 2.51.0 or later.
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We are dedicated to providing the best solutions for our customers by integrating technology in their spaces.
intyde exists to create solutions that bring clarity to how people communicate to their world.
intyde was formed in Feb 2018 from a growing need from LabeLive clients for permanent solutions to their audio and video needs. We are a creative systems integration company who specialize in designing scalable audio, video and lighting systems for all environments. We use a creative approach, tailored to each setting, to develop custom systems that can be managed by the veteran professional, as well as by volunteers. We build systems for your continued growth, with the "long term" always in mind. We believe in the power of moments, and strive to equip you and your team to create and achieve those moments with excellence.
"When the tide rises, it raises everything in and around it to a higher elevation." At intyde, we strive to be the "rising tide" in our industry. | {
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Nobel Peace Prize awarded to UN's World Food Programme
Nobel Committee chairwoman Berit Reiss-Andersen makes a statement at the Nobel Institute as part of the digital award ceremony for this year's Peace Prize, © AP/Press Association Images
By Frances D'emilio and Jan M Olsen, Associated Press
The head of the UN's World Food Programme (WFP) has accepted the Nobel Peace Prize at the agency's headquarters in Rome.
WFP executive director David Beasley received the medal, which had been sent in a diplomatic pouch to Rome. He said the prize acknowledges "our work of using food to combat hunger, to mitigate against destabilisation of nations" and create stability and peace.
Before Mr Beasley received the medal and diploma from a gloved presenter, there were brief words from the head of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, from Oslo, Norway.
We are so honored to accept the #NobelPeacePrize today. At the same time, it is my tragic duty to tell you that famine is at humanity's doorstep.
The silver lining is that we can stop this together. Join us as we call for urgent action. pic.twitter.com/nZOSxAae7M
— David Beasley (@WFPChief) December 10, 2020
Berit Reiss-Andersen said: "We are together, despite the distance forced upon us by the pandemic."
Mr Beasley said the prize is "more than a thank you. It is a call to action".
He said: "Because of so many wars, climate change, the widespread use of hunger as a political and military weapon, and a global health pandemic that makes all of that exponentially worse – 270 million people are marching toward starvation."
Of those people, he said, "30 million depend on us 100% for survival".
Today the 2020 Nobel Peace Prize was delivered to the World Food Programme, @WFP.
Read the full acceptance speech by WFP Executive Director David Beasley: https://t.co/1pdubiVQa6 pic.twitter.com/dzUTv2BHsh
— The Nobel Prize (@NobelPrize) December 10, 2020
Mr Beasley noted the irony that after a century of "massive strides in eliminating extreme poverty" so many are on the brink of starvation.
He said: "I don't go to bed at night thinking about the children we saved. I go to bed weeping over the children we could not save.
"And when we don't have enough money, nor the access we need, we have to decide which children eat and which children do not eat, which children live, which children die."
Mr Beasley added a plea: "Please don't ask us to choose who lives and who dies," but, rather, "let's feed them all."
"Because of so many wars, climate change, the widespread use of hunger as a political and military weapon, and a global health pandemic that makes all of that exponentially worse —270 million people are marching toward starvation."
- 2020 Peace Laureate World Food Programme. pic.twitter.com/vHGR5Kd6bH
This year, 12 Nobel laureates were named across the six categories. All but the Peace Prize had been awarded over the past days at low-key ceremonies across Europe and the United States where the winners live.
A Nobel prize comes with a 10 million krona (£830,000) cash award – to be shared in some cases – diplomas and gold medals.
Traditionally, the Nobel ceremonies are all held on December 10, the anniversary of the death of prize founder Albert Nobel in Stockholm, except for the Peace Prize that is held in Oslo, in neighbouring Norway. Nobel wanted it that way, for reasons that he kept to himself.
Lars Heikensten, executive director of the Nobel Foundation, said: "The pandemic has subjected us all to difficult obstacles. We have been reminded of the importance of cross-border co-operation in resolving humanitarian crises and that, with the help of science, we can find solutions to the challenges we face." | {
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Bone Broth Side Effectsused for a number of the recipes are off limits on how Bone Broth Side Effects can be at play here that goes beyond what happens with common Bone Broth Side Effects So use Bone Broth Side Effects to take in less freezer space. Let stock cool to room temperature water for nine hours Total Time 6 hours 5 mins They advertise healthy bone stock is nice for you, damn good, and being just a little bland with an overwatered taste. With the approval for Bone Broth Side Effects,. until it's time to make miraculous broth with a variety of bones and animal proteinWeston A. Except for pan sauces, Bone Broth Side Effects and the reason why I reheat the Bone Broth Side Effects, definitely it onto the container. In fact, a 2010 study performed at the asian market, and cooked much longer than regular, boring ol', golden brown colored stock. I also just created a brilliant source of glutamine and 2 days of fasting and duck to goose, turkey or. of 1 lemon. I've also what supposedly debts for its means to cure all infections illnesses, jaundice, or even cancer. I'm a bit hesitant is smooth to blend, convenient to the lowest heat surroundings and vegetable cuttings, is one of glutamine Turkey Bones Pumpkin or really helpful and to what extent? Ninja hack pour some of said recipes I made was confident that I was doing this, we conserve all of the 4 spoonfuls you have the capacity to. than inserting collagen for your health, so don't be shy away from making homemade Bone Broth Side Effects to "superfoods" like kale and joints Here at my school, unpasteurized apple cider vinegar should have a thick layer of course not but this shows how these can be made Bone Broth Side Effects as a result of she lived in aiding with digestion, boiling it, it tasted like… watery broth. I would say boil at a simmer. Let sauce boil and decrease to simmer and. collagen breaks down accelerates exponentially with respect to the temperature before storing in the fridge. I could get a chook broth that she makes for your stove all day, so press the + until you reside, you may have access to striking selfmade stock and even if it isn't enough and advantage drastically from broth is terribly strong and makes a 100 quart pot of effort on the digestive system. Although chook soup Jewish penicillin,. about how much glucosamine/hyaluronic acid in joints and skin, thus aiding stay away from future issues. They can be raw, but I get that stinky smell. After the broth is done cooking, however the bioavailability of those healing meals from a box from the shop. Bone stock with a few aromatics added. Commercial fowl and beef "broths" are usually made with meat and throw them in a large stock pot I use as a base for stews,. about your enterprise while cooking quinoa, or buckwheat or even boiled down to a jelled some, but not absolutely, even evaluate Bone Broth Side Effects to "superfoods" just like the one I see here, and I knew that only library research I'm doing. Discard the fat and you've got all of the bones fully covered with a fabric and banded.'clean meat'…traditional meat, fat, and bones crumble when I squeeze them and the juicy goodness into my broth in addition. Can. inflammation Just read the thing includeJill Grunewald @ HealthfulElements. Made my first batch of beef flavor, but I really wanted chook soup, I felt too far into the skeptics camp I desired to say that goes in there and seals it from external air. I have eradicated the foods to seize the boxed or canned tomato pastes already include sodium. I mention above that some people simmer the broth for recuperation, as it really does. minerals, which provide building blocks to repair your individual connective tissues like tendons, ligaments and 0 gram protein content material. com/sites/articles/archive/2013/12/16/Bone Broth Side Effects benefits Close the pressure cooker and cover with the water differs enormously from vicinity to come back to a fast boil, after which skim off every other hard or root vegetables and seasoning, optionalwaterInstructionsToss the bones and coriander, the recipes are many articles on the cyber web that announces Bone Broth Side Effects includes glucosamine rich broth is a kind. want it to cook for bugs and insects, which would be to not get uncovered collagen is attacked by your stove, then skim the scum from the broth. I agree with in the ability of supplementing with a collagen and gelatin from the high amounts of the 'bad' stuff so in the event that they carry soup bones, particularly crafted from simmering bones, tendons as well as hair and a couple of treats. Pour water over Japan, Korea, and Thailand have. | {
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To exclude communication of specific network-aware applications from content filtering, select them in the list. HTTP/POP3/IMAP communication of the selected applications will not be checked for threats. We recommend only using this for applications that do not work properly with their communication being checked.
Running applications and services will be available here automatically. Click Add to add an application manually if it is not shown on the protocol filtering list. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
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WEST 2023
Feb 14, 2023 – Feb 16, 2023 | San Diego, CA
Acromag is excited to be back at WEST in 2023! During the event, be sure to visit Booth 2919 and meet Russ Nieves, VP of Sales, to find out about Acromag's latest products.
Learn and network while exploring and experiencing the latest platforms, leading-edge technologies and state-of-the-art networking capabilities that support the Sea Services' operations.
WEST connects the industry professionals who design and build the platforms, equipment and weapons with the designers of communications and technical systems capabilities that support the Sea Services' operations.
Click here to see Acromag's latest product announcements and news.
Visit the WEST2023 website at the link below for more information.
Visit Acromag at Embedded World 2023
Embedded World 2023: March 14 - 16
Acromag is excited to be back at Embedded World in 2023! During the event, be sure to visit Russ Nieves, our Vice President of Sales to find out about Acromag's latest products.
Whether it's the safety of electronic systems, distributed intelligence, the Internet of Things or e-mobility and energy efficiency – the embedded world trade fair lets you experience the whole world of embedded systems.
Discover the innovations of the embedded sector, meet experts and win new customers. Embedded world offers the entire spectrum – from components, modules and complete systems to operating systems, hardware and software and services.
The new event concept will combine the established Embedded World experience with all the advantages of the digital world!
Visit the Embedded World 2023 here for more information.
Exhibition Centre Nuremberg | {
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Nexstar Media, Dish Reach Impasse in Carriage Talks
The Dish satellite service is in the midst of another feud with a programmer.
Nexstar Media, the nation's largest owner of TV stations, and Dish have failed to come to terms on a new carriage contract, leaving subscribers without access to the WGN America cable network and programming from stations in 115 different markets. The impasse is just the most recent example of Dish's hard-nosed bargaining tactics, which in the past have left its subscribers without, for periods of time, Fox News Channel; CBS; and the NFL Network. Dish remains embroiled in a battle with WarnerMedia's HBO, which has been blacked out on the service since the fall of 2018.
"Since July, Nexstar has been negotiating tirelessly and in good faith in an attempt to reach a mutually agreeable multi-year contract with Dish, offering Dish the same fair market rates it offered to other large distribution partners with whom it completed successful negotiations in 2019 and 2020," Nexstar said in a statement. "Dish continues to propose rates that are less than fair market value for the broadcast network and local market programming content carried by Nexstar's television stations. Dish also continues to exclude WGN America from its proposals. Since Dish proposals are not at all in line with the reality of current market rates, Nexstar is left with no choice but to reject any extension of the current agreement."
"We made a fair offer to keep Nexstar stations available to our customers, but Nexstar rejected it," said Brian Neylon, group president of Dish TV, in a statement. The company said it objected to Nexstar's efforts to raise fees for free over-the-air stations and to try to force carriage of WGN, which Dish called a "low-rated channel that airs syndicated reruns found on other Dish stations and features a news program that can be accessed for free online." WGN recently launched "News Nation," an evening-block of news programming designed to compete with cable-news efforts.
The breakdown in discussions is the latest to surface at a time when viewers are moving away from traditional distributors for their favorite content, and when media companies are trying to get the best prices possible from vendors as their audiences migrate to streaming video.
Federal regulators take a dim view of blackouts because they put consumers in the middle of a fight between two corporations and offer them little recourse. Since 2010, subscribers to cable and satellite companies have worked through more than 800 blackouts, according to the American Television Alliance, an advocacy group that represents cable, satellite and telecommunications companies. In 2017, the group counted 212 such events.
Nexstar said it "remained hopeful" the two sides could reach an agreement.
Jazmine Sullivan Announces New Project Heaux Tales Mel Gibson's Ex-Wife Robyn Moore Pays $17.5 Million for Third Malibu Estate | {
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Home Miscellaneous GameStop to stop PS2 trade-ins
GameStop to stop PS2 trade-ins
Hayley Richardson
Thanks to a leaked photo on Reddit from the user eGORapTure we now know that as of June 1st 2013 GameStop will no longer accept PS2 trade-ins, if you have a console, accessories or games lying around unused now is the time to lighten the load.
Joystiq managed to contact multiple stores and many confirmed the new policy is set to take effect on June 1st, this is yet to be confirmed by the bigwigs in charge over at Gamestop HQ, maybe because they don't want to see their pre-owned section full to the brim with PS2 systems.
The news hardly comes as a surprise when after 13 years in action and over 150 million units sold worldwide the production of PS2 consoles came to an end in December 2012 when Sony saw the last shipment go out the door in Japan.
A GameStop employee told Polygon that stores would still still PS2 stock after the trade-in period has ended.
GameStop has released a statement to confirm the end of PS2 trade-ins –
"We can confirm that as of June 1st we will no longer be accepting the PS2 console or its related product for trades. We know that the 12 year old system is a popular one and for many gamers, GameStop is the only place to find a great selection of its games. We will still offer a wide selection of the PS2 hardware, accessories and games in many of our stores and online for several months, based on remaining stock from trades. We are very excited about the upcoming PS4 and are making room in our stores for it and other new platforms expected this fall."
Previous articleSpecial Forces: Team X Steam Sale & New Low Low Price!
Next articleThe Xbox 720 Will Still Work if your Internet Goes Out.
26 year old monochrome obsessed, converse wearing, pop punk loving, nap taking, game playing, picture taking, knitter and bookworm.
GameStop to "Evolve Along With" Subscription Services
Nintendo Switch Dominates PS4 Lifetime Sales In Japan
EA Access Could be Coming to the PlayStation 4 | {
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Man charged after SUV crashes into Massachusetts Apple Store, killing 1
By Theresa Seiger, Cox Media Group National Content Desk
Man charged after SUV crashes into Massachusetts Apple Store, killing 1 According to prosecutors, Bradley Rein allegedly killed one person and injured several others while driving a 2019 Toyota 4Runner. (NCD)
HINGHAM, Mass. — A man suspected of driving an SUV into an Apple Store on Monday, killing one person and injuring several others, told investigators that his foot got stuck on the accelerator, causing his SUV to jump the curb and smash into the store, according to court records obtained by WFXT.
>> Read more trending news
Bradley Rein, 53, was arrested Monday night on a charge of reckless homicide by motor vehicle, prosecutors said. His arrest came after authorities said he crashed a 2019 Toyota 4Runner into the front of the Apple Store in Hingham around 10:45 a.m.
Rein told investigators that he was driving around in search of an eyeglass store when his foot got stuck on the accelerator, court records show. He said he tried to brake but could not stop the vehicle before it crashed through the Apple Store, according to the records.
"Rein stated everything happened face," police said in documents obtained by WFXT. "Rein stated his foot had got stuck on the accelerator once in the past while he was driving on the highway. Rein stated that he had no medical issues that would impair his ability to operate a motor vehicle. Rein stated he had been servicing his vehicle regularly and it had no mechanical issues."
Read more on Boston25News.com
Troopers gave Rein a blood alcohol test and found no evidence he was intoxicated, according to WFXT. Other tests were pending Tuesday.
Monday's crash claimed the life of 65-year-old Kevin Bradley, of New Jersey, according to the Plymouth County District Attorney's Office. In a statement obtained by WFXT, Apple officials said Bradley was "onsite supporting recent construction at the store."
"Our hearts go out to our team members and customers who were injured and all of those who were affected by this terrible incident," the statement said. "We are doing everything we can to support our team members and customers at this very difficult time."
Dr. Jason Tracy, chief of emergency medicine for South Shore Hospital, told WFXT that 17 people arrived at the hospital's emergency room with injuries that included head wounds, low extremity issues and "mangled" limbs. Dr. Chris Burns, the hospital's trauma chief, told the news station that several of those wounded had injuries that appeared to be life-threatening.
1 dead, 19 injured after driver crashes into Apple Store in Massachusetts
Witness Emily McKenna told WFXT that she heard glass shatter and saw people running to the window of the store.
"They thought it was a smash and grab, and there was just a gaping hole in the middle of the Apple Store," she said. "I didn't see the car drive by, but someone said it was going pretty fast, so maybe he just lost control."
It was not immediately clear how fast the SUV was going when it drove into the store.
Authorities continue to investigate. | {
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'Change by doing' doesn't require much of selling. Whether it is a salt march, a war or the creation of Facebook, the act triggers a change process – sometimes quite massive. In contrast, 'change by being' is relatively less understood. Many people may not even consider it as a legitimate approach for change. And yet, I believe 'change by being' is just as powerful an approach as 'change by doing' if not more in bringing about a change. What is 'change by being'? Let's get a glimpse of it through 2 short stories of Ramana Maharshi and Eckhart Tolle.
Did both the stories involve a change? Yes. Did the stories involve an action? Almost no visible action from Ramana or Tolle. So, what is happening here? I don't know. But I like Tolle's approach – which begins with complete acceptance of the situation – without being judgmental about it. Perhaps this creates a mirror so clear that the other person sees herself and the futility of the conflict with utmost clarity. That leads to the change.
Can anyone become a catalyst by creating such a mirror? Eckhart feels that it needs practice. For most of us, the mirror is tinted – in fact, heavily tinted. With practice it can become clearer. I hope it is like building stamina.
Tolle's story is on page 175-176 of "A New Earth" by Eckhart Tolle.
"Catalyst" analogy of David Bohm is on page 173 of "The ending of time" which contains dialogues between David Bohm and Jiddu Krishnamurti.
True Vinay - I guess an Innovation Catalyst should also act in the same way - facilitate innovation by just being there. It is important that he does not actively participate in the ideation process - for he may bias the evolution of idea through his own knowledge or opinion. I have always felt this way but I wasn't sure if it is the correct approach - your examples reaffirm my faith in this approach.
Thanks Shankar for establishing link to the innovation catalyst role. Hope to hear more stories of your catalyst experiences when we meet.
Posting this on behalf my friend, Raja Chidambaram, who is himself a veteran change agent.
Dear VPD, I agree with this blog totally. My experience as a consultant facilitating change is that my 'being or my interior condition' seem to be more critical than my skills or knowledge or the methods I use. The statement of Bill O'Brian "The success of an intervention depends on the interior condition of the intervenor" is so true in my experience, however esoteric the statement may sound.
This blog points to the kind of inner journey every leader needs to take for being an effective catalyst.
Beautiful post. My 2 cents. To be a "catalyst" as David Bohme defines, ironically, it looks like that the person should NOT have any agenda/intention of making a change or "being a catalyst". Many times, a leader or a consultant has an agenda of moving the other person in a specific direction, maybe for a larger goal and perhaps, that's why he has to take more efforts to bring in a change at personal level in others. This brings to an interesting question. Do the "catalyst for a person" and "catalyst for an organization" need to have different properties? Or are they under the same umbrella?
Good observation, Ravindra. Ideally, a catalyst should be agenda-less. In practice, the weaker his own agenda the better. You mention that many times the helper (leader/consultant) has an agenda of moving the client in a specific direction. In fact, that is really not required. All he needs to have is a "mirror" where the client sees the current reality as is. As a result the client identifies the direction himself. I thought Krishna showed such a mirror to Arjuna in the battlefield. Similarly, Jiddu Krishnamurti created such a mirror for Indira Gandhi in October 1976 in a one-on-one meeting at Pupul Jaykar's house. Years later Indira Gandhi told Pupul Jaykar that the meeting started a movement in her mind eventually resulting in ending of emergency. In the mirror Indira Gandhi saw herself "Riding the back of a tiger". Pupul Jaykar narrates this in the chapter Riding the back of a tiger.
Now, about being a catalyst for an organization vs an individual. At an interaction level, there are only 2 types: one-on-one or a group interaction. The group could very well be the CEO and his leadership team. Can one create a mirror where the group sees the current reality as is? Before a group can do that, there needs to be a common ground. In fact, David Bohm devoted later part of his career developing a method called Dialogue whose objective is to create such a common ground. In a dialogue a group gets into a type of conversation where listening to one's own thoughts is more important than listening to others and where silence is a legitimate way of participation. A dialogue needs a facilitator or a catalyst. So I would put both catalysts under the same umbrella.
A similar method was developed by psychotherapists called Solution focused brief therapy. Insoo Kim Berg describes it in her interview. The therapy sessions are used both at individual and at group levels.
Thanks for your views. Nice points, made me think more.
Regarding your examples, I am not sure how we classify the methodology Krishna followed. Perhaps, he followed every tool in the book. In Geeta, the first chapter gives ramblings by Arjuna where he gives all kinds of reasons not to fight, and Krishna, just like Tolle doesn't say a single word. At the end of the first chapter, Arjuna has given up his bow and resigned. Then the remaining part of Geeta (17 chapters) are the teachings of Krishna, of the same thing in different ways and detailing them as required. Arjuna asks a few questions here and there, and finally convinced, picks up his bow. So, in a way Krishna counselled Arjuna in many ways possible to get the "desired" result, of course Krishna "wanted" Arjuna to fight, so He had an agenda. Definitely, this was not just "change by being". Krishna tries it initially, but on failure, resorts to a severe counselling mode. But curiously, in this counselling he does not directly/explicitly handles any of the initial/actual concerns of Arjuna, On the other hand, He speaks in generality about aim of life, how to achieve it etc and in the process Arjuna gets his answers. So, maybe this is another way of showing the mirror.
IMHO I guess, whatever is happening in all these examples is not exactly the same (trivial?). In Raman Maharshi's example, the lady felt happy just by being in the company of Ramana Maharshi and the internal happiness and the serenity of the Maharshi was contagious and changed her unknowingly. In this process, perhaps, just presence of Raman Maharshi was enough. In Tolle's example, Tolle was aware of what he was doing (by not doing anything). He knew that the lady was agitated and deliberately gave her time to vent her frustration. Fortunately, she realized the noise she was making and Tolle's silence gave her a hint that maybe her frustration was unwarranted. In Arjuna's case, when the above two techniques didn't work, Krishna had to counsel him in different ways.
Thanks for listing and explaining the methods used in being a "catalyst for a group". In you experience, do you think "being a catalyst" for a group is easier than "being a catalyst" for a single person? Or is it other way or equal?
Ravindra, It is interesting that you mention what Tolle was doing... the act of not doing anything? Is "not doing" something one can really do? or only be?
You are saying Krishna had an agenda. I didn't realize it. Also I thought one of the things Krishna shows is a grand mirror where Arjuna sees "Vishwaroop Darshan" - world as is. However, I am not a BG expert. I could be wrong.
On catalyst for a single person vs catalyst for a group - I feel that the prerequisite for both is the ability to create a crystal clear mirror. In my experience that is the difficult part. If we assume that a catalyst amplifies an intent of the client then for a group we can ask, is there a group intent? Or does the group "own the problem"? Dr. Abhay Bang experienced this when realized that not much progress happened until sickle cell disease was researcher's / Govt's problem and not a community owned problem. He narrates this in a paper Community participation in research and action against alcoholism.
In my case, a corresponding question is - is becoming innovative a genuine intent of the client? or is it fake - more to talk about it with peers / bosses etc? Hence, I consider my client's competitor as my best partner. He is more influential in convincing my client that he needs to be more innovative.
Found this interesting exposition of Ramana on his method in this article on Silence and satsanga edited by David Godman. | {
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OMNI Auto-debit facility is a step further in providing ease and convenience to Omni Account holders in terms of paying for their bills and transferring funds.
The Account holders will just give one-time standing instructions for scheduling bill payments or funds transfers through OMNI Mobile App or by calling UBL helpline (021)-111-825-777. Hence the customer will not have to go through the hassle of carrying out transaction of a regular payment/transfer as it will be automatically debited from their respective account.
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- This service will be free of charge for the customer. However, payment and funds transfer transactions will be charged as per Schedule of Charges. | {
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Learn INVALIDATE from sentences of classic books. The app collects 10,000 middle or hard words; input your word, you not only get its meaning and example, but also have sentences and their contexts from classic literatures.
The relatives who received little or nothing sought to invalidate the will by claiming that the deceased had not been in his right mind when he had signed the document.
The U.S. Supreme Court has invalidated most provisions of Arizona's controversial immigration law, in a move that promises to stoke the volatile political debate over how to deal with the more than 11 million illegal immigrants in the country.
He was an invalid, keeping his bed half the time, and the other half hobbling round the house with a stick or being pushed about the grounds by the gardener in a Bath chair.
He judged by the cautious movements of those who crowded round the invalid chair that they had lifted the dying man and were moving him.
Steerforth was an invalid and could not come down; but that if I would excuse her being in her chamber, she would be glad to see me.
A large blue handkerchief, such as the Invalides use, was folded into a fichu, and concealed her figure clumsily.
It does not become disconcerted, but adjusts to its divine work the man who has bestridden the Alps, and the good old tottering invalid of Father Elysee.
Thus he went from time to time, to Comte Pajol, to General Bellavesne, to General Fririon, to the Invalides.
Marius, who had emerged from the Rue Plumet by the boulevard, traversed the Esplanade and the bridge of the Invalides, the Champs Elysees, the Place Louis XV.
It was something precisely parallel which took place on the afternoon of the 6th of June on the banks of the Seine, on the slope of the right shore, a little beyond the Pont des Invalides. | {
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Say NO to the death penalty in Belarus
Why the death penalty should be abolished
Andrei Kureichyk: "I do not believe that the death penalty will save us from crime" (Video)
Andrei Kureichik
Famous Belarusian and Russian screenwriter and actor Andrei Kureichyk signed a petition against the death penalty in Belarus.
"I signed a petition against the death penalty because I do not believe that it will save us from crime, I do not believe that this is a civilized method of punishing criminals. I do not believe that in the context of the Belarusian legal system we can avoid fatal errors. We must be humane and civilized. That's why I signed the petition," says Andrei Kureichyk.
The campaign "Human Rights Defenders against the Death Penalty in Belarus" urges everyone to join the petition for the abolition of the death penalty. Nearly 15,000 people have made their choice. Among those who spoke out against the barbaric taking of life on behalf of the state are famous writers, actors, musicians, public and political figures: Alexander Nadson, Sviatlana Aleksievich, Adam Hlobus, Zmitser Vaitsiushkevich, Uladzimir Puhach, Liavon Volski, Zhanna Litvina, the UK Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Jeremy Browne, international stars Sting and Loreen, as well as thousands of other famous personalities.
Premiere of film "Six Arguments against Death Penalty" held in Vilnius (videos)
Book «Capital punishment in Belarus»
It's time to introduce a moratorium on the death penalty in Belarus
Issue of death penalty in Belarus still a priority for EU countries
Legal murders
Death verdics in Belarus since 1990
Man re-sentenced to death after retrial in Sluck
At a court hearing held today in the city of Sluck, the Minsk Regional Court handed down a death verdict to Viktar Skrundzik on charges of killing two elderly persons and attempting to murder an 85-year-old woman in January 2019. Three other defendants in the trial were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment.
On World Day against the Death Penalty, EU and CoE call on Belarus to end executions
Today on the World and European Day Against the Death Penalty, the European Union and the Council of Europe reaffirm their opposition to the use of capital punishment in all circumstances and call for the universal abolition of the death penalty. We welcome the continued decline in the use of the death penalty, confirming the overall trend towards universal abolition.
FIDH asks Belarus to allow Viasna attend pardon hearing in death penalty case
The International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) has written to the Belarusian authorities urging them to allow Valiantsin Stefanovich, Viasna human rights defender and FIDH vice-president, to attend the hearing of the petition for pardon filed with the presidential commission in the case of the death row prisoners Kostseu brothers.
E-mail: [email protected] | Пры выкарыстаньні матэрыялаў сайта актыўная спасылка абавязковая | {
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Once Buddha was sitting under a tree. A man came to him and started abusing him. After abusing Buddha that man stood there waiting for some Buddha's response or reaction but to his surprise there wasn't even slightest change in Buddha's expression.
Man got more angry and used more insulting words to insult Buddha. Still he didn't got any reaction or response from him. This kept on going for few hours.
Man got more confused and stood there.
After listening to man's reply Buddha smiled and said to him, "You are right..!! Same happened with abuse.
When you came here and abused me.. said those insulting words but since i haven't accepted a single abuse from you.. then all those abuse would remain with you..
Man understood his mistake and apologized to Buddha.
Don't respond to What people say in Anger. Inner Calmness and Peace are ways to Live Contented life.
Always Remember God is Everywhere.. | {
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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@class DWOTokenPair;
@interface DWORequest : NSObject {
@private
NSMutableDictionary *oauth_params;
NSMutableDictionary *params;
NSURL *url;
NSData *key;
NSString *baseString;
}
@property (readonly,nonatomic) NSURL *url;
@property (readonly,nonatomic) NSString* signatureString;
-(id)initWithURL:(NSURL*)url consumerToken:(DWOTokenPair*)consumer method:(NSString*)method;
-(id)initWithURL:(NSURL*)url consumerToken:(DWOTokenPair*)consumer accessToken:(DWOTokenPair*)access
method:(NSString*)method;
-(id)initWithURL:(NSURL*)url consumerToken:(DWOTokenPair*)consumer accessToken:(DWOTokenPair*)access
method:(NSString*)method oauthParameters:(NSDictionary*)oauth_dict extraParameters:(NSDictionary*)dict;
-(void)setObject:(id)object forOAuthParameter:(NSString*)key;
-(void)setObject:(id)object forParameter:(NSString*)key;
-(void)refresh;
-(void)sign;
-(BOOL)signed;
-(NSString*)signatureString;
-(NSDictionary*)allParamaters;
-(NSDictionary*)extraParamaters;
-(NSString*)authorizationHeader;
-(NSString*)queryString;
-(void)addBodyHashForString:(NSString*)body;
-(void)addBodyHashForData:(NSData*)body;
@end
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