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in and and q chapter xviii an excursion among the and with the letters in their hands which tlie had just received entered the main cabin tliey were upon in the presence of mr and mr as well us captain to give their testimony which went to show that the was thoroughly and heartily opposed to any demonstration the what did mr say to you asked mr he asked me to use my influence with the fellows to prevent anything being done and wished me to let them all know he would not anything irregular replied did he sneered mr he did indeed answered with a twinkle of the eye how happened he to say as much as this to you demanded the professor because being an old friend and of captain i happened to tell him that the fellows were inclined to haze mr to me exclaimed mr i i and or i understand that we are to the whole truth hei e added who seemed to enjoy the of the learned i didn t hear of any particular plans hut the fellows kept at something did they indeed they did indeed but you don t know what they e i do not sir can you me who wrote the letter i asked you to no sir i cannot mr asked some questions of the witness add it was evident to that the on board of the was more general than he had before suspected was called upon to explain still further tlie position of the captain and opened his letters being as all the boys were anxious to hear from home he had two letters besides the one from hia mother there was another at which he read after he had finished the first as read this letter his face became quite red and he was not a agitated by tire time he had finished both of them the first lieutenant had told all he knew in regard to the captain s position he was very candid in making his statement and took no pains to conceal the general disgust felt on board of the at the conduct of mr and he took no pains to conceal the fact that he shared the feelings of his i should like a add something to my former state young in holland and ment if you please mr said rising with tlie letter in his hand what do you wish to add the principal i know now who wrote the letter to mr h who is he he is an old of mine i met in the afternoon we first went ashore there replied who now appeared to be considerably embarrassed was he a of mr also demanded mr who was more anxious to connect the letter with him than to promote the discipline of the students no sir i don t think captain ever saw we are to conclude that you put him up to this mischief added mr yes sir i did answered candidly i why did you deny all knowledge of the letter when i appealed to the ship s company before the of captain continued mr sternly i will explain i met in and spent an hour with him at the hotel st where he was staying with his uncle he wanted to know about the academy and i told him all about both vessels as the trouble we bad had in the was uppermost in the minds of all of us i told him all about that by and or did you indeed said mr i did indeed i am willing to acknowledge that i intended to join with the rest of the fellows in mr are yon indeed sneered the professor so that it was impossible for him to keep his seat and he began to stride up and down the cabin i am indeed a dozen of us were going to write to mr from all the big including louis napoleon the king of holland the king of and all the ministers of state whose names we could find out were yon indeed gasped the passing before the witness we were indeed i told what we were going to do and he promised to help me being a rate french and german scholar but i told him we didn t want any help and that he would get me into a scrape if he with the matter i meant to have the letters in some place where none of us ever went i told i wanted him to take the letters and mail them at and places he went to in his travels and he promised to do so i didn t think of such a as his writing any letter after what i said i left him then and haven t seen or heard from him since till now he must have written the letter right off and it at once for it came on board the that night do you mean to say that you didn t know this letter was to be written demanded mr sharply young in holland and yes sir when i asked you to give me a translation of it were you not aware it was a i supposed it was knew it was no sir i did not i had no knowledge whatever in regard to tlie writer it did not occur to me after what had passed between and me tliat he wrote the letter i it was done by some fellow on board when the captain was arrested all the fellows tried to find out who had sent the letter but no one would acknowledge it did you write any letters of this asked the principal no sir i had two conversations with the captain and when he asked me to do what i could to prevent any being played upon the professor i determined not to have anything to do with the letters	36
or any practical jokes of any kind i can bring a dozen fellows to prove that i said all i could to keep them from playing any tricks what does your friend say in his letter he says the joke was so good he couldn t resist the temptation to send the first letter to the professor himself and wants to know why i didn t send the letters to him that i promised why didn t you after what the captain said i persuaded the fellows not to write the letters and i did not write any myself this letter is on the same kind of paper as that added pointing to that which paul had a are you satisfied mr asked mr no sir i am not replied the professor decidedly it appears that there was an oi conspiracy against me in the but it does not appear that captain had anything to do with it added the principal mildly these boys are some of them ai e replied mr taking his pen and writing a few lines i am not satisfied with our conduct i am not satisfied with it myself sir answered perhaps i ought to have known where that letter came from when mr asked me to it but i supposed some of the fellows on board had done it didn t you recognize the writing of your friend no sir it is very much like that of half a dozen fellows on board it is very much like mr s said mr captain and mj self all learned to write in the same school then mr knows this no sir he didn t go to the school till captain left i suppose not added the incredulous professor i am still of the opinion that mr wrote tiiat letter i am entirely satisfied that he did not write it you will remain on board of the ship mr you will return to the pipe to holland and ter and read this order captain will return what is the order di mr all charges against captain being he is and ordered to resume the command of the replied the principal reading the order mr i protest i have heard yon mr and have given my decision interposed the principal directing the students present to retire paul bowed to mr and left the cabin the investigation bad ended as he had supposed from the beginning that it would end mr i protest against tliis decision repeated mr angrily i feel obliged to say that there has been a great lack of judgment in this business and i feel obliged to remind you mr that i am the principal of this academy my decision is final replied mr with dignity as be rose from bis chair and left the cabin by the boys by the principal exclaimed the learned gentleman dr did you ever witness a more ridiculous farce in your life never sir replied the surgeon it seems to me that you insist upon captain guilty or innocent i have no doubt whatever of his guilt those boys are all in league with each other included there is a conspiracy to annoy me and to and oil get rid of me but they will find they have mistaken their man in me if tliey haven t in anybody else dr i j the letter held in his hand was a fiction i have been with students all my life and i know them why a fiction that who is a very plausible young man and a friend of mind is at the bottom of all this mischief he wrote the letter himself it was got up and sent enclosed to the at who of course forwarded it to it is a trick to the charge against mr much excited and developed his theory in full to the surgeon who quietly pointed out its he insisted that the students of the had and irritated him for the sole purpose of getting rid of him and th it paul was at the bottom of the mischief when mr has among students as long as i have he will understand them better he added triumphantly for he was satisfied that he had established his position the is an utter failure the plan is and ridiculous the senior professor has no authority or it is divided with a boy who hates greek i dr had heard quite enough on the subject and it was a great relief to him when the rang at this moment three times three rousing cheers came over the water from the it was not difficult to determine the occasion of this demonstration but mr declared it was another evidence that the students in tlie were r holland and all in league and that the captain of her instead of being cheered ought to be in the before the dinner was finished a dutch steamer which mr had engaged came alongside the ship and all hands were on board she then went to the and received her company this steamer does not seem to he much from those we saw in england said paul as he seated himself with dr where they could see the country on both sides of the river not very different but it is very unlike an american boat replied tlie surgeon the apparatus is not like anything i ever saw before added paul the stands a raised platform and his wheel all the have that arrangement i think a wheel house forward is ever so much better i see the cook is a woman yes all the have female this boat i believe belongs to the line passengers from come by railroad to and there take the steamer to this country is veiy favorable to in being level but very in the number of rivers and to be crossed which it is impossible to bridge the steamer stood up the	36
and turned into the which is a branch five or six miles in length connecting the and the on each side was a of course but the view from the steamer showed only an ordinary bank the top of it was broad and occasionally there was a neat cottage or a a little inn upon the top of it the roof or chimney of a house it was frequently observed wise the traveller would not have suspected the character of the country the was studded with placed on the highest ground to give the sails the full benefit of the some of them were used for grinding grain some for lumber and others for forcing the water up from the low into the river tiie steamer passed from the into the and stood up the river there was but little in the scenery the wall of on either side was they were lined with rows of trees between which was the common road at others they were bare and naked the captain of the steamer told them that a portion of the country in the vicinity was lower than the bottom of the river the whole region seemed to be with water and the wonder is that the people can go to bed at night with any assurance that they will not be drowned out before morning there is the castle of said the captain of the boat who spoke good english and the fort below has the same name did you ever hear of it before asked mr who was on the for places of historical interest as he turned to a group of you mentioned it this morning replied one of the students in what connection some man had a wonderful escape from it added another r holland and who was that man a with a latin name or de added mr the the boy general and ruler wished to make himself hereditary sovereign of the and was opposed by the judge and the prince carried the day was executed and imprisoned in this castle where he was kept nearly two years he vas very strictly guarded at first but his wife finding that the vigilance of the was relaxed devised a scheme for his the books papers and linen of the prisoner were conveyed to him in a large box which the guards having so often searched in vain for articles at last neglected to examine the box and the carelessness of the soldiers suggested to the wife of the means of getting her husband out of the castle she prepared the chest by some holes in it for the of the air and took her into her confidence the box was conveyed to the apartment of and the project explained to him he did not relish the idea of being shut up in a chest and rolled about in a boat but his wife s entreaties prevailed over his scruples it was pretended that the box was filled with books which the learned man had borrowed in the town which you see on the other side of the river the chest containing the philosopher was conveyed by the soldiers down to the boat in charge of the servant girl when one of complained of its weight the man said it was the books which c a were so heavy for was an in his the soldier suggested that it was the ai himself but was intended as a joke and the box was tumbled into the boat the servant made a signal with her handkerchief to her mistress who was looking out of the window to indicate that all was right when the boat reached the box was conveyed to the house of a friend of of whom it was that lie had borrowed the books the servant told him that her master was in the box and begged his assistance but he was so terrified in view of the consequences that he refused to have anything to do with the matter his wife however had more pluck in the service of a friend and having sent all her out of the house on various errands she opened the box and released the philosopher from vile who had suffered no serious from his confinement jn the box which was only three and a half feet was disguised as a and with a rule and in his hand was conducted to a boat and sent into where be was safe from pursuit the philosopher s wife remained in the room occupied by her husband in the castle and used every means to conceal his escape she lighted the lamp in his room at dark by which the governor of the prison was deceived she was arrested and imprisoned for a short time discharged she joined her husband in paris whither he had gone there is a in the navy called tlie holland and van named for the wife of added the captain of the steamer who had been an attentive listener to the the steamer went but a short distance farther up the and then came about she soon reached or where she made a landing and the students wandered for an hour the streets of ancient town this is a old place said paul as he walked up one of the streets with a canal in the middle of it in company with mr and the surgeon i shouldn t feel safe here unless i lived in a boat many of the people live in boats as you perceive added mr as he pointed to a painted craft on the deck of which was a group of children at the little window in the stern sat a woman sewing while another was knitting near the cabin door e were white curtains at the stem ports and what could be seen of tiie interior of the apartment indicated that it was kept extremely neat i	36
think i should prefer to live in something that would float in case of accident laughed the tor especially in this part of holland the operation of the water is wonderful the in front of was formed by an which separated tlie town from the main land leaving it deep enough to float the largest the on which we sailed for a time after leaving was a canal dug by the to connect the and the added mr a cleaned it out and tore away its banks so as to make the present broad river of it in i y o and ok an a few years later seventy two villages were swept away and one hundred thousand people lost their lives thirty five of these villages were never heard from afterwards and not even their ruins could be found i should if i lived here said paul the people of holland are veiy much attached to their replied dr well they ought to be on the principle that we like best what has cost us the most trouble to procure added paul it seems to me a great pity that people should struggle here to keep their heads above water when we have so much spare land in america we could take them all in without feeling it would not feel at home on high ground we could plant them down treat them to an occasional certainly we should be very happy to f date them with a country we have a great many already and they make industrious and useful people continued the doctor but i think if holland were blotted out of existence the world would miss it very much this is a great lumber port said mr those great which down the from are mostly bi ought to this place i hope the boys will have a chance to see one of those for they are affairs one of them sometimes contains a hundred and fifty thousand dollars worth of lumber and has a crew of four or five hundred men i young america in holland and j i think i heard mr say that we were to go dow the replied paul that is the said mr as he led his companions into a back street and pointed out an old building it was here that th discussed the doctrines of the religion whose miraculous labors made hell tremble to quote the words of its officer the assembly is called i history the of the building as you may see by reading the sign ia now a low public house and dance hall reading the sign exclaimed paul laughing a fellow would knock all the teeth out of his head in attempting to speak some of these words but many of them are very like english w a is a are said paul and a street is a what are the is gen whistled paul but you can observe something like open bridge in the sound you see that the s very com i see they are but i haven t the least idea what they are the little placed outside the windows i saw plenty of them in they are not as common there as in holland where they are to be seen attached to almost every house by this contrivance a dutch dame can see every person that passes in the street without raising c o and or the blinds but i think the hour is nearly up and we must return to the steamer mr the party went on board and the steamer returned to by a different route from that by which she had come the next day was sunday after the second service on board the ship mr having occasion to go on shore invited paul to it will not seem much like sunday to you in said the vice principal as they landed at the i supposed the dutch were very strict some of them are look down that street said mr as he pointed to the broad avenue which bordered the river you observe that the o s are all lined with ships in the opposite live the merchants they occupy the upper stories of the buildings while the lower are used aa counting rooms and the owner sits at his parlor window and witnesses the of his vessel they walked up to the hotel des pays which the traveller is informed by its card is situated in the n s e mr desired to see a gentleman who had engaged to meet him there in one of tlie public rooms a party were playing cards drinking and smoking and talking dutch in the most manner after a stay of an hour at tlie hotel they returned to the pass ing through which was filled with people shouting singing and about every other shop appeared to be a drinking saloon in which holland and a fiddle or a was making wild music while tlie floor was crowded with men and women dancing in another street they encountered a mock procession of and boys singing in the most stormy manner as they marched along it was not at all sunday and paul was so shocked at of the day that he was glad to regain the silence his cabin in tlie and or chapter xix run through i and like tliat of all impulsive men the of mr was short lived though he still felt that he was gi abused greatly and greatly under estimated and the last was the greatest sin of all after tlie first blast of his anger at the final decision of the principal had subsided he was disposed to be more mr had him which was a great mistake on mr s part mr knew that he was an older man than the principal and he felt that he was a one and his employer ought to consult him to his opinion and	36
take his advice he did not do this to the extent the learned gentleman demanded and the academy ship was the sufferer not himself if mr could stand it he could disagreeable as it was if mr had been independent he would have thrown up his situation and visited the classic lands alone hut as he was not able to do this he decided to submit to mr s and give the institution the benefit of his valuable if the students had known of this decision they would have remonstrated against it as it was they in holland and protested in their own way on saturday night after the return of the students from the excursion while the was the deck for his needed exercise not less than three practical jokes were played off upon him the crew were the yards tlie sheets lifts and and putting the deck in order for sunday the professor was tipped over by getting entangled in a piece of a bucket of water was dashed upon his legs and a portion of the contents of a tub was poured upon him from the main top no one seemed to see him the students appeared to be struck with blindness so far as the learned gentleman was concerned it is true that the who pulled the brace dashed the water and upset the tub were committed to the but this did not seem to afford much comfort to the victim on sunday morning it was necessary to commit three more but the whole were released in the evening because they could not sleep in the mr was annoyed quite as much as the professor and when mr came on board he had a long conversation with him on the subject i was a boy once mr said the and i am free to say i would not have such an as mr he hasn t a of sympathy with the students he is haughty stiff and he is imperious and in a word i don t blame the boys for him i am conscious that he is not the right person in the case of he protested against my decision and and had the impudence to tell me that i lacked i have engaged him for a year what shall i do replied principal i hardly know but we shall be in trouble as long as he is in the we must give the fair play if we expect them to do their duty i have kept on board the ship and i suppose i must punish him added mr he mischief but he has really done nothing excuse me said dr as he opened the door but when he saw that he disturbed a private interview come in doctor i wish to see you replied the principal the surgeon was admitted to the conference and the case stated to him the of the past is rapidly going out of fashion said the doctor our system is and it will no longer tlie teacher who is the petty tyrant he was twenty years ago mr is an old school his will is law which is all right to a extent the teacher must be the judge between right and wrong but he must be gentle and kind and raise no false issues between his pupil and himself mr is not gentle and kind he is capricious wilful and passionate i agree with you in regard to mr but what shall i do discharge him replied the doctor promptly any who cannot get along with paul quarrelling is not fit for his place l ot young america in holland and the students of the have mr out of pure sympathy for their captain i have engaged mr for a year from tha i should pay him his salary in full and let depart in peace if lie would we need his services as an so far as that is concerned i will to take the department of i was a in college in that branch for a couple of years mr thanked the surgeon for this offer and the call to divine service in the terminated the interview the principal s spoke hia own opinions and the only thing that embarrassed him in getting rid of the professor was the bad of the students in regard to him it was emphatically wrong for them to haze an professor and mr was not willing to act under apparent the school studies were continued as usual through the of monday after dinner dressed in their best with bag and blanket the students were conveyed to the shore for their trip through holland which was to occupy three or four days the first afternoon was to be occupied in exploring and as usual paul and dr kept together this is the said the doctor they reached the principal street of the city does that mean street not at all laughed dr it means the high street it is situated o i the t p of an old i l oo ie and or or dam built to keep the from overflowing the country behind it out of these is formed out of the river this stream and this dam gave the name of to the place whose statue is that asked paul when they came to a wide bridge over a broad canal that is the statue of who was born in never heard of him he was a noted and classical scholar who made his mark in the of germany and in the time of the this is the or market place of added dr when they had crossed the bridge it was a great square in the middle of which the canal into a basin for the accommodation of the market boats by which the and vegetables are brought from the country there were plenty of dog passing in and out of this square and at rest	36
the carriages of which were peculiar and the driver of the wore a black straw hat with a brim more than a foot wide and with great white bands at his neck at five o clock the students had all collected at the station of the or holland railroad and in twenty minutes the train set them down at the port from which the sailed with a portion of the pilgrim fathers of new england the name of the town is derived from to dig it contains twenty thousand and was formerly noted for its ture which was called ware from this place l ot l le young america in holland and the party went immediately to tlie now a was the in which tlie prince of orange was the spot where the murder place was pointed out a descriptive stone in the wall records the event from this place they passed on to the old church nearly opposite which has a leaning tower and saw the tomb of van the great dutch admiral the hero of thirty two sea in the new church is the monument of the prince of orange his statue rests upon it and at the feet of the great man is represented a little dog the inscription was translated by mr and the to the dog afforded the an opportunity to tell a story while the prince was asleep in his camp near the attempted to murder him said he and would probably have succeeded had if not been for this dog as the approached the tent the dog discovered them and jumped upon his master s bed barking furiously and at the clothing with his feet and teeth the prince was awakened and succeeded in making his escape when his master was killed twelve years later this dog away and died perhaps he died of old age suggested one of the students the story is that he refused to eat from grief i cannot for it but he was a good dog and deserves the mention made of him on the tomb this church contains the burial of the present royal family of nd at six o clock the train was off for the and e ch a an d ob arrived there in fifteen on the way the f of the church at where the treaty of mentioned in all the school histories was framed was pointed out to the students had been engaged in the city for the company and they remained here over night the or as the dutch call it s and the french haye is the capital and has a population of eighty one thousand though it was the residence of the in times it was only a small village and its notable features are of modem origin was and the de murdered here the picture gallery and the were specially opened for the young americans the works of art were hastily viewed and the students passed into the cabinet of of which there is a vast including an immense number of dresses implements and models life in and in china among the historical relics are the worn by the de and van the portrait and sword of van who blew up his vessel on the a part of the bed of peter the great on which he slept while working at ship building the last shirt and waistcoat worn by william iii of england the dress in which the prince of orange was murdered the pistol of the with two of the bullets a model of peter s cabin at or and many other objects of interest which seemed to bring the distant past before the eye of the early the next morning the students wore young america in holland and at will through the city anxious to see what they of its handsome streets the principal of which is the lined with trees and with after breakfast the train bore on to on the way at the suggestion of mr the train which was a special was stopped and the students were allowed half an hour to explore some beautiful gardens which in this vicinity many of them belonged to the country seats of wealthy gentlemen and were as magnificent as itself but what pleased paul more than the gardens of rich men was an opportunity to visit the house and grounds of a citizen in life mr asked the permission which was readily granted you needn t take your off here as you must in some parts of holland before you enter a house but you must wipe very carefully said the the greatest sin against a dutch is to carry any dirt into her premises paul made sure that not a of dust clung to his feet and entered the cottage it was plainly furnished but everything was as clean and white and neat as though the room had been the interior of the upper drawer dr ventured the remark that dutch husbands must be the most miserable men in the world since it could not but be painful to be so nice the proprietor of the house had about half an acre of land which constituted his garden it was laid with winding walks and fanciful of ground filled with the richest flowers it contained a and or pond and a canal on a small scale for a would not be at home without a water prospect even if it were only in miniature at the end of the garden overlooking the pond there was a grotesque little summer house large enough to accommodate tlie proprietor and his family here of a summer afternoon he smoked his pipe drank his tea coffee or beer while his wife plied her needle and the children played at the door what is that inscription on the house asked paul as they approached the building is replied mr exactly so i understand that and those are my sentiments	36
three hundred years ago was dry land but an gave it over to the dominion of the sea about twenty five years ago the states general of holland undertook to drain it by forming a double and canal entirely around the district thirty three miles in and containing forty five thousand acres three huge systems of were erected to be worked by steam and the task of an average depth of thirteen feet of water was begun after four years the lake was dried up and the land was sold at the rate of about eighty five dollars an acre in holland and the is required to keep the water down one engine works eleven with a lift of feet sixty tons of water at a the travellers took their places in the train and in a few minutes were conveyed over the into in season for tiie two o clock dinner or chapter xx and in after dinner the party in charge of a couple of the city who had given them a welcome went to the palace the noblest in it rests upon nearly fourteen thousand piles driven seventy feet through the mud to hard pan during the reign of king louis it was his residence and the other sovereigns of holland used it when they visited the city its remarkable feature is an imposing hall one hundred and twenty feet long fifty seven feet wide and one hundred feet high the interior is lined with italian marble and adorned with works of art young gentlemen said mr taking position in this great hall contains a population if two hundred and sixty eight thousand in shape it forms more than the plane of a half circle the being composed of the walls of the city outside of which is an immense canal inside of the walls there are four principal extending nearly around the city take the section of tlie trunk of a chestnut tree divide it with the gi ain of the wood into two equal parts and th en of one of them will give yon plane of young america in holland anti the half circle the of the log formed by each year s growth would indicate the and the intervening covered with buildings the heart of the city however is irregular each of these is situated in the centre of a broad street the or canal is one hundred and forty feet wide they are not circular but form the sides of an irregular other the principal ones so that all of the city may be visited in boats or vessels the river flows through the town by a winding course and is derived from the name of this stream and the dam built over it in former days on the spot where this edifice is the y or the ij is an arm of the and forms the of the half circle but it is bent in tlie shape of a bow the water is admitted to the by the at low tide the water ill the is only six or seven inches below the level of this river and great difficulty is experienced in obtaining a circulation of water in the where it and affects the health of the city all the and from the sea are protected by flood gates and the which cut up the city divide it into no less than ninety islands connected by two hundred and the entire town its and even some of its are built upon piles for the soil beneath is nothing but loose sand and mud in a vast sunk down into the mud on account of the weight of grain stored in it is not only l in peril from the sea around it but is danger that the bottom may drop out in the spanish war of which i have had so to say since we entered holland was held by the duke of and with this city as the base of operations he intended to conquer tlie country the siege of was conducted from this direction a small fleet of dutch armed vessels was frozen up near this city and a force was sent to capture them by the spanish commander the opened a wide tr in the ice around their vessels and putting on their as the approached advanced to give them battle the perfectly at home on out and beat t ie who left several hundred of their dead on tlie ice the duke was astonished but he was a prudent man and ordered seven thousand pairs of upon which his troops were trained to perform military movements that was a big thing on ice said one of the students as the lecture closed in the sc of the day the party visited the or old church containing a big organ the which has monuments to de van and others you will not have an opportunity to go to ch in holland paul said the doctor no sir i suppose we sail for c this week most of the people go to church but they do not observe the sabbath very rigidly gentlemen sit with their hats on during the service or take them off as a tliey please is one of the most charitable cities ill the world and is noted for its in one orphan there are seven or eight hundred boys and girls who are kept there till they are twenty years old and then sent out with a good trade they wear a peculiar dress to prevent them from being admitted to and other improper places for the of these are severely punished if they permit any of the children of the public charitable institutions lo enter their places a contribution for the poor is taken up every in the churches by the who use a thing like a net with a long handle having a little bell for the benefit of those who	36
wish to look the other way when it is thrust in their faces that s a good idea but i suppose the dutch have invented some small coin for these occasions laughed paul a or five dutch cents equal to less than two of our cents is small enough are a great many poor people in who live entirely in as you have seen a great many families live in vessels keeping a pig and ducks on board and sometimes even have a garden on deck when the gets married and up in life he a small boat of from one to three tons and goes to housekeeping on board if they prosper they buy a bigger craft but bis home his wife and children are on the water the which has been planted with trees and converted into a there were formerly twenty six upon it the of tlie city but being no longer useful for liave been erected upon them to grind the grain for the city tiie four the principal are hardly to be surpassed in europe the buildings which are mostly of brick are unique with fantastic and projecting of the streets are lined with on the banks of the on the whole the students were more interested in than in any other city tliey had visited partly perhaps on account of its as long as there was light to see they continued their and then retired early in order to be prepared for a fresh start the next day at five o clock in the morning the party took a steamer for or leaving the shore they had a fine view of the city the harbor is enclosed by two rows of piles with occasional to admit the passage of vessels which are closed at night with armed witli iron in various parts of the ij were seen little built npon which are the summer houses of wealthy citizens who own pleasure boats and repair in them to these little temples to drink wine and coffee and smoke their pipes at the curious students visited the cottage of peter the great in which he lived while he worked as a the is of rough plank and over on one side but it was surrounded by another building by the queen of holland to protect it from further decay it contains but two rooms one above the other the former reached only by a ladder holland and of russia placed over the chimney piece y marble bearing the inscription nothing is too small for a great man the walls of both rooms are covered with the of visitors including that of the emperor of russia from this point the were conveyed by the steamer to which they were to proceed by to this peculiar craft is a kind of drag boat much used for passengers and light freight on the of holland it is a long narrow the whole of which is taken up by a low above it is the deck provided with a ind benches to sit upon at each end is a of stairs by which the deck is reached id the entered the or forward cabin ing tlie greater part of the space is appropriated to the common people while the or is for the better class but as genteel people seldom the this apartment is very small it was drawn by horses attached to a long rope made fast to the pole or mast near the bow like everything dutch the boat was fitted up very neatly and the students were much interested in exploring it here we are all on tlie raging canal said to his captain as the team started if it comes on to blow we can take a in the forward horse or in the laughed paul who had been talking with mr we ll take a in that now don t your teeth ache captain no that s the boy that rides one of the horses e le and the canal was filled with boats loaded with market produce drawn by men and women like to the tow ropes woman s lights seemed to be particularly recognized in this part of holland for females are to the boats like horses enjoying the same rights as the lords of creation the houses on the way were mostly cottages whose steep roofs were often twice the height of the walls the which the people cherish with a kind of reverence was occasionally seen hut not so frequently as in the vicinity of the where he has a nest on tlie roof in a large proportion of the houses the boys were much in the of the meeting boat the shouted indicating that the other craft was to go to the right when the tow boy of the approaching boat reached a point he stopped hia team and the horses passed over it as the rope he halted again to loose the rope for the to pass over neither boat was stopped by the operation at the many bridges the rope was cast off and made fast again without any delay an hour and a half brought them to the paradise of dutch neatness it is a village of eight hundred people most of whom have made their pile and retired from business neatness is can to here for no one is permitted to enter a house without taking off his shoes the narrow lanes and passages which ve as avenues are paved with brick or with of different colors arranged in fantastic figures and some are covered with sand and sea shells young america in holland and made up into patterns strangers are warned not to ride through the place must walk leading the horse the houses are mostly of wood painted the roofs are covered with glazed tile of various hues the cow stables of the farms are better than the houses of	36
most of the poorer classes of europe having floors with everything polished off and as nicely as though they were intended for drawing rooms over each stall is a hook by which the cow s tail is fastened up so as to keep her neat and clean the students continued on their way from to which sustained a siege and successfully resisted the and thence to the a town of twelve thousand inhabitants opposite the the great ship canal to at this point which is the only place on the coast of holland where the deep water extends up to the shore the tide rushing through from the keeping the passage open the party had an opportunity to examine the mighty and gates and to observe the described by mr they visited the fortress erected by napoleon with the intention of making the the of the north on thursday morning the took the steamer through the great canal to being obliged to wait an hour for the ti ain to paul visited one of the diamond mills of the city with mr about five men were employed in the establishment and as the business l and ok is exclusively in the hands of the jews tlie mills are closed on saturday and work on sunday the art of cutting and diamonds was for a long period exclusively in the hands of the jews of and there are quite a number of these in the city at the present time the machinery is by steam turning wheels for the precious stones and the wire for cutting them diamond dust is the only substance witli which an impression can be produced upon the hard stones and they are polished by metal plates covered with this dust and revolving with inconceivable rapidity the saw is a very fine wire to which the dust is this process appears to be the origin of the diamond cut diamond before the century diamonds were worn in their natural te and the of cutting and was discovered by a native of the journey of the students was continued by railway to approaching city the country assumed a different aspect presenting occasional while in the town itself there is quite a slope down to the river on which it is the treaty of which settled the peace of europe after the war of tlie spanish succession was signed at the house of the british minister but it has since been pulled down the pi object of interest in tlie city is the tower of the cathedral of st martin which is three hundred and twenty one feet high and commands a view of nearly the whole of holland and a portion of the has his residence d more n a hundred and fifty feet above where his family are and where his children were horn they will be regarded as persons of high birth at five o clock in the afternoon the weary travellers reached the vessels of the holland was done and the excitement was ended many of them were tired out and cross and it was a relief to know that the would go to sea the next morning during the rapid run through holland and had found abundant opportunities to discuss their mischievous scheme of running away with the they had so contrived it that eight of tbe knights of the golden had occupied a by themselves in the railway carriages as the would arrive at on friday or saturday no time was to be lost in arranging the details of the precious scheme which had been fully explained and assented to by the the first point to be gained was to cut up so that the whole twenty six knights should be condemned to imprisonment on board the ship while the rest of the students with the went to paris mr was still the centre of all their hopes in this direction for him would enable them to kill two birds with one stone it was a great satisfaction to annoy him of the result to be gained proposed to him this was a barbarous punishment formerly in use in the english and dutch arid consisted in dragging the under the of the vessel by ropes attached to the opposite yard arms declared that this was l ot l le and oh utterly and a suggested that it was only necessary to the matter in order to bring down the punishment upon their anxious heads who always adopted moderate counsels thought it would be just as well to frighten the old gentleman out of his wits indeed all except protested against any serious injury upon him a or something of that kind would do him no harm but they did not wish to t only to annoy him after supper tlie students felt a little brighter mr was pacing the deck as he always did towards evening and together his forces to play the first act in the drama the names of the twenty six knights had been written down on a sheet of paper and a dozen of them took position in the waist with their backs to the professor scarcely had the actors taken their places before the s came alongside with captain who visited the ship to receive his instructions from the principal for tlie next day paul stepped upon deck but perceiving that mr was engaged in an earnest conversation with dr he did not interrupt him but paused in the waist of course the d and paul spent the time he was waiting in conversation with them about the wonders of holland as he stood there mr cast fi glances at liim and heavily over the bad been heaped upon his learned by the young commander as he believed of liis thoughts would holland and have assumed a different direction if he had been aware that the principal and the surgeon were discussing the best means of	36
letting him down easily mr at last discovered that paul was waiting for him and the difficult subject was deferred the captain of the went below with the and the began to discuss in a very manner the process of professor as the learned gentleman the group he could not help hearing his name mentioned the soon became very earnest in their mai they had seated themselves under the of the and did not appear to notice the fact that mr h was passing on the other side of it at intervals we ll him said and the distinctly heard the remark though he did not know what it meant only that it was some trick to be played off upon him if he didn t hear that he s deaf as a post added as the professor passed on he ll leave the ship as soon as we have him was the next remark which mr heard of course this meant himself and he paused when he had satisfied himself that he was not observed as this was just what the wanted they revealed their wicked scheme fully though with some appearance of concealment here are the names of all the fellows who are to take part in the operation said flourishing the paper the fellows with a cross against their names are to throw the old fellow dawn those with a dash l ot l le and oh are to man the those with a wave line are to make fast to him that was all mr made a plunge into the midst of the young and snatched the paper from the hands of the leader the sprung to their feet and nothing could exceed the consternation depicted upon their faces they stood aghast confounded it was only a joke sir stammered as the professor with trembling hands and quivering lips gazed at the paper reading the names and noting the signs against them you you i gasped he me will yon it was only in fun sir we didn t mean to do it sir added mr did not to hear any more he aft rushed down the companion way rushed into the main cabin where the principal was just paul they are going to me next mr exclaimed the learned gentleman savagely pray what is the trouble mr asked the principal mildly the professor explained exhibiting the list of names in evidence of his assertion mr was it was not possible that the could entertain such a monstrous proposition as that of a learned professor but i heard the plan myself sir persisted mr i don t know what is but that is the expression the used l ot d mr explained what it meant and the without considering the or the possibility of him to such an operation was filled with rage and horror the principal went on deck and from the paper taken from called of the them to the main if you have no further instructions for me sir i will return to the said paul touching his cap to the principal mr is concerned in this affair interposed the professor violently i sir exclaimed paul confounded by the charge he is sir and i can prove it protested mr whose wrath had almost reached the boiling you can return to the captain added mr in his quiet decisive tone mr i protest mr interposed the principal sharply i will thank you to accompany me to the cabin and turning he walked to the companion way followed by the professor i wish to say mr that i am not mistaken in regard to said the angry as they entered the main cabin a doubt you are mistaken sir no sir i am not when he came on deck he went immediately to that group of bad boys who were to me and had a long conversation with them i watched him sir my eye was hardly a off him a moment i was looking for something of this kind and you found it yea sir i did when people are looking for faults and in others they usually find them added the principal significantly but i did not invite you to th to consider that matter it seems to me this matter is properly the for discussion at the present time replied the professor who thought the principal s ways past finding out no there is a subject of more importance than tliat which must be attended to first i find it necessary to say that i am ready to accept your resignation of the situation you fill my resignation sir exclaimed mr taken all by this unexpected announcement this is very remarkable conduct on your part on board of the in the presence of the officers and crew protested against the action of captain when i have called a large number of the students to the for discipline you protest against my action i have to say sir that discipline under these circumstances is impossible am i to understand that you discharge me mr demanded the professor i intimated that was ready to accept your resignation well sir i am not ready to offer my resignation young america in holland and then yo i compel me to take the next step i object to remaining on board another i was engaged for a year with the that we were satisfied a fortnight ago you your resignation without regard to the engagement if i had understood relations with the students as well then as i do now i should have accepted it mr began to he had pretty thoroughly himself that the institution could not be carried on without him and since the principal had once objected to accepting his resignation he had that his position was secure while be was considering the matter mr went on deck and the plot to the professor the bad talked over the matter	36
during his absence and had come to the conclusion that the truth would serve them best they were shrewd enough to see that there was a between the principal and the as for the party confessed that they mr was listening to them that they intended lie should bear the plot which they had not designed to execute that it was only a trick to annoy him was captain concerned in it asked mr no sir shouted the whole party what were you talking about while he was with you about holland and what we had seen on our and or trip you were speaking with dr and he was waiting to sec you replied the principal them severely and in earnest for their hut he did not give them the of them to on board while the rest of the students visited paris he gave them bad marks enough to spoil all chances if they had any of promotion and the choice of desirable when the crew should be at the beginning of the next quarter which would be in one month he that he should ve the list of names and tliat the conduct of the party in the future would be closely observed we were stupid whispered to as the principal retired we have given him a list of all the knights and he hasn t stopped our liberty replied in disgust no matter we must keep still and fight for chances when mr returned to the cabin the professor was as cool as an but the decision had been made and it could not be reversed the principal j mr s connection with the from the beginning and commented on his conduct in the and in the ship it was plain speech on both sides but the result remained unchanged professor is not a he had no sympathy with the students and being arbitrary and unjust they hated him with a perfect hatred it was certainly best that he should go young america in holland and for in whatever vessel he was he kept it in a turmoil mr paid him his salary for a year and enough in addition to the expenses of return to the united states the next morning tlie signal for sailing was hoisted on board of the young america and the came on board the students were bright and fresh and having seen the and of holland they were rather anxious to escape from its muddy waters and its plains in fact they sighed for taste of blue water and the fresh sea air all the s crew on deck the at the order of the first lieutenant the boat s crew repaired to their stations on the quarter wondering w hat was to be done next the ship s company who were waiting for the order to were vexed at the delay which the trip of the boat to the shore indicated and waited impatiently to learn what was going to happen one of the brought up mr s and presently the professor himself appeared with his overcoat his arm and his cane and umbrella in his hand there was a decided sensation among the crew the was lowered and placed in charge of the third lieutenant mr bowed stiffly and coldly to the other professors and followed his baggage into the boat taking no notice whatever of any of the students the sensation grew upon the boys as the boat pushed off and appeared beyond the ship s side it was a delightful picture to them the professor seated in the sheets with his trunk before and or him it was of the final separation the enthusiasm of the moment could not be repressed and before file could interfere it had itself in three tremendous and hearty s mr was vexed but tlie deed was done the passed within a short distance of the and her crew seeing the trunk and the professor understood the cheers and repeated them with all the vigor of their lungs it was impudent and naughty hut the same students in both vessels would have wept over the departure of any other of the professors the boat returned the sails were cast loose the anchor weighed and in due time both vessels were standing down the river at noon the were discharged off the of holland south west by west said the first master of the ship giving out the course to the who was the wheel there was only ii lazy breeze in the german ocean and the rolled slowly along towards the straits of the watch below were at their studies in the while the students on deck were thinking of paris and the new scenes were to be to them in the countries they were next to visit their experience during the following month on ship and shore including the of the will be in palace and cottage or young america in france and new and lee and boston lee k york a grand the american girl abroad by miss a bright merry girl off on a of he opinion was h a book original and the doctor s daughter by a book every girl will be with sally the mountain girl by d fl bo t of the series only girls by miss b author of farm gap k is n writer and thia of very best c one hundred and twenty miscellaneous in prose and verse by l b some of tlie bent a of ent may bo found boston social social and parlor t author of college ned c mo cloth o bound c d for been by s american authors hand book of english literature intended for the use of schools aa well aa a guide for private students and for general authors by f h a m crown vo cloth in tlie periods cover our entire a british authors hand book of english	36
our to up the to thence to and the salt mines through and the to another to rome from and a third from to the lakes and to most of the descriptions come directly from the note book of the author though all the available works on the subject have been consulted including many brought from the countries to which they relate the story of the young italian lady extends through the volume it may be a love tale without any love in it but it was suggested by an incident which came to the knowledge f th wn it y th g f th bj t f th i m h g th g d f f tl t y d tin book d h h b u t d b m y ti g bj t m ly y th tl t f t h h p lu g am b th d p t d t b th d f th w f j t t f th ty f d pi tl h f th p p f t d g th am n pr th t wh h t it h pi the we are glad to know that our government is encouraging the training of young men in and by furnishing vessels for the purpose i and it is hoped that the lesson of discipline be better learned in the future than it has been in the past contents i beating up the ii ii an italian from cork iii iv the principal s decision s v the steamer in chase vi an american prince so vii saved from ruin vm on the high seas no ix the lecture on x papers about xl o and his charge is xii watching the xiii and the xiv topics xv the s t mines of xvi and the xvii the last of the young america s on italy l the city of the sea contents xx and xxi and xxii the good natured the eternal city xxiv a flank movement xxv adieu to italy sunny shores h sunny shores young in and chapter i up the the three vessels of the academy were beating slowly up the sea against a light north west wind the young america which was the flag ship of the fleet under the command of led the way while the two the and the were just and within distance of her the three vessels formed the angles of a which varied its shape as the wind or any other circumstance increased the speed of some one of the craft the was close hauled on the tack and at sunrise on a bright october morning with only breeze to keep the vessels moving was approaching the italian coast just north of the heel of the boot the was the vessel of the two and from her deck could he seen the beyond the plain on the sea on her lee la sunny shores or bow was the city of whose glittered in the rising sun the sea was by the gentle breeze and the waves were like those of a small inland lake it was very quiet sailing on board of the with no work at this early hour in the day for any one to do except the seaman at the wheel though the on duty watched the compass frequently turning his gaze towards the italian city on the coast the officer of the deck walked the of the weather side of the quarter wrapped up in a heavy jacket with the speaking ti under his arm the two men were on the top gallant each of them perched one of the with his feet dangling over the water the second officer of the watch extended his walk from the to the while the five not employed at the moment were seated near the in a low tone about the sights to be seen in italy and which were to be their next fields of observation but as the approached the coast they were expecting to hear every moment the order to tack ship it was the morning watch from four to eight o clock and the port watch were on duty but as usual in mild or moderate weather only a quarter watch was required to handle the vessel each of the watches consisted of four officers and eighteen and a quarter watch of half this number so that ordinarily an officer or a seaman had an average of but six hours of ship s duty to perform five one day and seven hours the next at four bells or six o clock see watch bill page outward bound italy and i in the morning the first part of the port watch had left the deck the second p rt taking their places the same order prevailed on of the young america and the except that in the ship there were three officers on the quarter watches and twice as many as in the the was sailing now under the orders of the who gave the signal to tack so that all three vessels went in stays at the same moment this was done only for the sake of the discipline it afforded in observing and in working ship promptly some thirty new students had just been added to the academy and they had been distributed through the several vessels but as they had been every day during their voyage across the atlantic and since the arrival in the they were all able to do duty as we have before stated the officers and were carefully trained to meet every emergency which could possibly occur at sea and since the arrival of the new fellows a i the had been ordered to bestow particular attention upon the discipline of all kinds of cases were supposed and the officers and were required to take the proper action not only	36
in the daylight and the sunshine these problems for the safety of the vessel or its crew solved but all hands were called in the middle of the night to as if the wind were blowing a gale to an imaginary fire in the hold to rescue from tlie waves a seaman who was himself assisting in his own salvation the ship was supposed to be on fire and all efforts sunny shores or to save her abandoned every officer seaman and had his appointed place in one of the boats by which lie was to escape and two boats from each of the were to repair instantly to the assistance pf the young america the same proceedings w ere had in each of the and the ship sent three boats to her aid one of the fleet was assumed to be in a heavy sea or to have run on a sunken rock or a lee shore and the ship s company of each of the vessels were instructed in the duty they would be required to perform under such circumstances at two bells or one o clock on the night before the approach of the to the italian shore the young america had been destroyed by fire over the left as our friend scott expressed it all hands had been to muster and every effort with the and the fire engine to put out the fire had utterly failed because as the declared the water from the engines and the was thrown on the deck instead of into the hold where the devouring element was supposed to be doing its work when all hope of saying the ship was abandoned a cannon used instead of the four for practice gave the signal each crew lowered its own boat and pulled away from the ship and the signal heard on board of the brought the two boats from each it was fun for the boys even for those who were turned out of their at very hours to man the of the engine or an oar in the boats why didn t you put the fire out shouted scott who was in command of the first of the when it went to the assistance of unfortunate we couldn t do it replied the fourth lieutenant of the young america in charge of the captain s of the ship shall i tell you why you couldn t asked scott certainly tell us because the ship was in a dry and of course she had to burn that s wicked laughed then if s like a candle if it s wicked and as we have been in greece so long i m afraid we shall all bum boats dismissed shouted from his give way ain added scott and in ten minutes mc e all the boats were at the again swung in and secured and all the officers and were in their at their stations for duty this practice for was deemed absolutely necessary by the principal the officers in charge of boats were required to report to the captain every evening that their respective craft were in good condition and supplied with two of water and a certain quantity of provisions if an officer s boat was found upon inspection which the officer of the deck was required to make the night to be in bad condition or with any of the articles required he received certain which affected his class standing and his promotion unfortunately all these precautions were proved in the end not to be useless as the will show sunny shores or scott was the fourth master of the in which the before he had served as officer he finished his nap after tlie alarm of fire in the night and took his place on deck with the fourth lieutenant at four bells or six o clock in the morning he was wide awake as usual and the deck with an elastic step he was not by his fall in rank and laboriously struggled with his jokes and as though he had still been the first lieutenant of the he was as popular as ever for his second rate did not affect his standing among his friends boat ahead i called the on the tee cat head boat ahead i repeated scott for the information of the fourth lieutenant and officer of the deck scott ascended the top gallant and made a critical survey of the approaching which was headed directly from the shore it was half a and seemed to be pulling so as to the having made his observation and satisfied himself that neither the nor the boat was in any peril the first master descended to the deck and walked aft to report to his superior officer the boat contains a man and a woman and seems to be pulling out so as to the said he touching his cap to the fourth lieutenant what can the people in her want with us p asked i don t know unless they wish to sell us a pound or two of replied scott they would hardly come off so far for such a purpose america in italy and i j perhaps not but some of the people on this side of the water will go five miles to sell half a worth of do you know what place that is mr asked scott pointing to the city that s the capital of the province of di answered who was one of the fellows and had looked up all the geography and history of the two shores of the just so i thought that was the place laughed scott it is quite a city and has over thirty thousand inhabitants i thought it had as many aa that why did you think so because the sun shines so brightly on the that s a good reason	36
for your opinion the fourth lieutenant i always have a firm foundation for whatever i believe what do you think of that railroad it s a st rate road steel rails iron clad self feeding railroad there s a train of cars added pointing to the shore don t you know about that railroad certainly i do laughed scott s a branch of the union pacific you can go to by that road i know you can after a while but it would he rather a long journey whichever way you go but that road is the shortest route from england to egypt and the holy land if you were in london l sunny shores or i never was in london my education has been neglected so far as london is concerned suppose you were in london i m not equal to the effort but you have been there and you can suppose it for me if you wanted to go from london to on the no of course not in egypt exclaimed impatiently what s the use of trying to a fellow like you not much but i have heard of such a country as egypt i didn t suppose you had and i was going to tell you about it spare me and tell me how to get from london to for i shall want to go down some day after dinner when i have nothing else to do well go to paris in ten hours and take the train for italy passing through and to where you strike the shore of the then through and to which is about sixty miles south of this city there you take a p and o steamer which carries you to in seventy five hours i think i won t go to day my business is such that i can t leave added scott it will do you no to know how to go not a bit i don t feel a the worse for knowing this city i think you said was no just so o as in horse car having a hard ride is it so called because there are bars in the public houses or bars in the harbor r italy and i i can t say but it contains a church of some note the church of st where pope held a council to reconcile tlie churches of greece and rome did he have any luck no not much for both churches have an independent existence to day this church contains the monument of just so i knew him him she was the queen of precisely so she was a friend of my look out for that boat scott it is close aboard of us the first master went forward and hailed the man in the boat in good english the had his oars and was violently in the direction of the but no one could form any idea of what he wanted for no one on deck could understand a word of italian signal on the ship shouted the on the weather cat head ready about said scott to the officer of the deck thus the signal all hands went to their stations for ship give her a good fall continued all full sir a second signal from the young america indicated that the was to be executed ready ease down the said s a lee responded the when he had thrown the wheel over ao sunny shores or the men off the sheets s stood by the fore sheets and the as the came around upon the port tack her and aft sails went over the fore and gallant yards were swung round and every sail filled at once the executed the same at the same moment but the ship was a minute longer in bringing everything to bear shouted an voice at the stem of the it came from the italian boat which in the bustle of ship had not been noticed for some minutes looked over the stern and s w that the liad fastened bis boat hook to the port quarter piece of the which was an easy matter for him to do while the vessel was in stays repeated the man with energy the fourth lieutenant certainly did not consider that the persons in the boat were in peril and he d not understand the appeal of the man glancing from him to the female sat in the stem of the boat he instantly that she was not engaged in the trade or any other or mechanical pursuit though she wore a veil the young saw at a glance that she was a beautiful young woman of not more than sixteen or seventeen years of age and that she was dressed like a lady j she cried in a pleading but musical voice and speaking in s il they want a rope said the who was the wheel and who happened to be a young america in italy and better french scholar than the officer of the deck shall i heave them a line yes throw the end of that whale line into the boat replied who needed no other argument to induce him to with the request than the pretty face of the young lady doubtless if she had been an old woman or even a young one with a homely face would have deemed it necessary to consult the captain in the absence of any apparent peril before he permitted the assistance to be rendered the threw the line into the boat and the italian passed the end of it around the fore of his craft the seaman had given him at least fifty feet of the line in order to afford him time to catch a turn the end of it before any strain was made upon it cried the lady bowing and smiling the caught tlie rope the italian made	36
don t know what they said what did they say p the man spoke in italian and i did not understand him hut the lady said in french help a line if you please that s all i know about them added that boat is what caused the to fall behind the said the captain i suppose so but are we to tow that boat across the sea f i don t know what they w ant or where they wish to go explained when they have gone as far as they wish to go the man has only to cast ofi the tow line sunny shores or but we are taking them right out to sea if heavy weather should come on that little boat couldn t stand it ail hour who are they i don t know the lady is young pretty and dressed and from his actions i judge that the man is her servant she does not converse with him or seem to pay any attention to him she looks like an italian but she speaks french and i conclude from this that she must be well educated watched the boat studying the situation for some time the lady appeared to be entirely at home in the boat and there was no expression of fear on her pretty face occasionally she looked behind her apparently to observe the distance of her boat from the since sunrise tlie american flag had floated at the peak of each vessel of the and once in a while the fair glanced up at this emblem of the of the vessel the captain was quite as much perplexed as the of the deck had been the incident looked like an adventure of some sort and there was a beautiful young lady in the affair but the was every moment dragging the boat farther and farther from the land and it was necessary to take some step at once otherwise if the wind increased he would be obliged to invite the occupants of the frail craft on board of the this was not a disagreeable alternative to the young captain who had observed tlie veiled face fifty feet distant with sufficient attention to the opinion of in regard to its but if he received lier on board he must the responsibility of the act and justify it to the acting vice principal young america in and have that tow line hauled in mr give it a scope of fifteen or twenty feet so as not to drag tlie head under so far said the officer of the deck called two hands the waist and with tlie assistance of tlie the line was hauled in when the boat was twenty feet of the stern of the tlie began to as if protesting against any in the situation but the captain s order was fully executed and the line made fast again i don t understand this business said walking forward where scott was stationed what does that lady mean does she want to cross the in tliat boat i don t know what she means but she has had her own way thus far replied scott we can t cast off the boat without losing our long line and i don t believe they will let go the end in the boat we can t haul it up close enough to talk with ihe lady without the bow out of the water and we can t take her on board to hear what she has to say without heaving to it s all a to me and i give it up laughed scott possibly the young lady is in love witli the commander of the and means to come on board when we are too far out to sea to permit her to be sent back in the boat she is a pretty girl and i shall not object to her company in the if she is in love with the captain i don t blame her she isn t any weaker in that direction than some other young ladies i have seen nonsense scott i never saw her or she me protested i must get rid of her tell them to cast off the tow line that s all you can do i will try it went aft to the and hailed the la u said he le cried the lady vehemently giving the satisfaction at least of knowing that he had made himself understood the fair seemed to be alarmed at the very idea of being cast adrift though the city of was only three or four miles distant and the sea was still quite smooth x ous tes en danger on non i the lady j j a la you must return to the shore non ye ne pas no i do not wish to return replied she decidedly shaking her head with energy oil where do you wish to go ye ne me pas de i don t care where i go only far from she expresses her sentiments very forcibly and speaks my mind exactly said scott who understood hai a word that was said i don t know what to do about it added the young america tn italy a troubled captain it looks like a more serious affair than i supposed at first i believe the lady is running away from her friends girl laughed scott she don t care where she goes if she can get away from which i take it is the town we see on the coast just so that s thirty thousand inhabitants alexander pope of rome held a council of and wrote the essay on man between the and bony was buried in the of one of the churches don t remember which that s sure stop your nonsense scott laughed the captain don t you see i m i see you are and if	36
i were in your place i should put the to the philosophers as mr calls the professors added scott professor is the acting vice principal and he can at least take the responsibility off your shoulders that s an idea replied the captain as he hastened into the cabin to reduce it to practice stated the case to professor who thereupon was quite as much as the young officers had been the venerable was no sailor indeed he considered it is rather beneath his dignity to know anything about sails and and he could hardly distinguish the from the why don t you shake the boat off captain asked the philosopher the young lady objected so strongly to being shaken off that i hadn t the heart to do it but if you so order me i will cut the tow line and let the boat go adrift how far are we from the land four or five miles hy this time sir would the persons in the boat be in any danger if you set them adrift at the present time the would not but if it came on to blow before they reached the shore they would be in great danger for the boat is very small will it come on to blow i can t say sir the don t indicate any change but the wind may breeze up for all that if we should cast them off and they should be drowned i am sure our would give us no repose i am afraid not professor especially as the lady is very pretty upon my word i believe the breeze is coming now said as the over farther than she had done for four and twenty hours i will go up stairs with you and see what can be done the philosopher laid aside his book and followed the captain to the deck the breeze was certainly increasing and having hauled more to the northward the course of the had been changed several points there was quite a little ripple on the sea and up to it looked like a breeze professor went to the and looked at the persons in the boat which had begun to dance a little on the rising waves by this time several of the young in italy and i officers had come on deck to taste the morning air before breakfast for the weather had been fine for several days and they had had their full eight sleep every night they were very astonished to see the boat and still more to see what they all agreed was a very pretty and handsomely dressed young lady in it who is it in the boat scott asked o the second master as this grade of officers was now called in the instead of as during the last month or two a young lady a friend of my grandmother who is coming on board to respects to me in the course of the day replied scott but who is she do you want to know her to be sure i do and all about her added o impatiently it s bony y late of she was buried in one of those churches in go way and the truth for in your life now you got a bit of in that time to tell you the truth o and i can it in an emergency i don t know anything more about her than you do we picked the boat up half or three quarters of an hour ago the captain has been talking french to her because he couldn t speak italian she wants to be out to sea and don t care a fig where she goes to if she can only get away from who s a flight cousin of yours i said bar ee sunny shores or and it s the city you see on the coast where bony is buried and where pope somebody held a to reconcile the of rome with the church of ireland they didn t need a bit o thin ireland always clung to true church it was the church of the then and it s all the same thing entirely laughed scott but the young lady what is she i don t know but i suppose she is a persecuted maiden running away from some old uncle in a who is her guardian and wants to marry her to the town pump if the have any such an institution for i believe they haven t yet learned the use of fresh water and she is a frenchman not a bit of it she s an italian and as handsome a bundle of as was ever tied together italian is she she is so am i you didn t know i was an did you o yes i always knew it laughed scott they raise a power of in the county of cork sure daniel o was an go way your i only the truth is the county of cork in italy not just now it is not but you see i was not born in the county of cork where did you get your then from me father who was born there i came into this world in italy and that makes me an that s what i am my boy young america in italy and scott pointed significantly over his left shoulder you think it s i m but it is not if you are an i suppose you can the language lo exactly so you are a scott it s the truth i am but you won t believe me come to the and it on with the angel in the boat i can talk french first rate to a fellow that don t know the but it s thing to twist my tongue out of joint to one who understands it come along	36
my from cork with all me heart and jou ll see what i can do scott led the way to the stern of the o jumped lightly upon the and raising his cap politely to the lady bowed and smiled as sweetly as a flower on the banks of the lee now blaze away me b y said scott who had no faith in the ability of the second master i asked o using the form of speaking si replied the lady with a start and a smile dove where are you going my dear friend non no matter she her shoulders bully for you exclaimed scott astonished to hear his fellow officer who had always passed for a sunny or young converse so in the lady s own tongue i ll give it up i o i knew i do it replied o triumphantly why shouldn t i when i was born in and me mother was an italian was your father an he was not thin laughed the second master he was an from in the county of cork i ll tell you about it some time for quite a bit of a story do you speak italian mr o said professor and by this time the philosopher and the captain had decided what to do in regard to the boat and its occupants i do sir i was born in italy we are about to invite the lady to come on board of the and we must ask you to act as for us with the greatest pleasure in life sir replied the wind was every minute as the went out from under the lee of the land and the began to pitch a little which was a motion the students had not experienced for several days so smooth was the sea the boat was now making bad weather of it and was in danger of being because the tow line was not properly made fast to it now mr o will you speak to the lady and invite her to come on board said captain upon me i will replied the second master young america in italy and leaping upon the again will you do us the honor to come on board he shouted to the fair in her own language the objected you are in danger continued o h a ra the sea is going to be rough and your boat will be upset the was not afraid but the tow line will drag the boat under when the sea is rough unless you come on board w e shall be obliged to cut the tow line and let you go adrift the saints defend us the man tn tlie boat and they began to converse together it was evident that the servant was afraid if his mistress was not for he like a turkey cock in a and as furiously as a frenchman where are you bound asked the lady not exactly in this phrase but dove where are you going to replied the gallant italian from cork c te i exclaimed the lady and she appeared to be very much troubled by this announcement we are going to heave to and take you on board you will be drowned if you remain in that boat much longer added o the was making at least eight knots an hour by this and up to the waves were beginning to be covered with white caps had caused the accommodation steps to be placed at the quarter and half a dozen had already the tow line to haul it alongside when the order should be given a whip had been s sunny or at the weather yard arm in order to the boat upon the deck at the right time the was thrown up into the wind and her fore thrown now away witli that tow line said when the captain gave him the word the line had been passed outside of the main and the it off so that the boat came up to the steps o promptly leaped into the boat and half a dozen other officers stood by to assist the fair italian to the deck she offered no r objection and the gallant handed her up the steps to the rail from which captain assisted her to the deck bend on your whip shouted as soon as the lady had left the boat in another moment the boat was swinging in the air it was hauled on board and lowered to the deck where it was carefully secured by the the order was given to fill away again and after hardly minutes the was over regain her position in the all the officers w ho were not on duty gathered around the fair stranger and gazed with intense admiration upon her beautiful face she to be timid and troubled now and to have lost the possession which had her bearing in the boat where is the captain of the vessel she asked in her own language which no one but o under this is the captain replied the second master captain young in v and the stranger looked at him but did not seem to be satisfied that such a young man could be the commander of so fine a vessel i have not the pleasure of knowing your name added o she replied timidly captain continued the raised his cap and bowed very politely shall t have the pleasure of conducting you to the cabin said he in french thank you and evidently anxious to escape from the gaze of so many pairs of eyes accepted the arm of the captain and followed by o only they descended to the cabin sunny shores or chapter iii t a d said the fair italian as they entered the cabin i have money enough and i will pay for my own and my servant s passage this is not	36
a passenger vessel replied captain with a smile hut we shall be most happy to accommodate you as well as we can i thank you very much you will render me a great service added the lady earnestly and her black eyes snapped with expression we have a spare cabin for you and we will do the best we can to make you comfortable continued as he conducted the young lady to the room adjoining that which had been occupied by the vice principal the had a lai e cabin for a vessel of her size besides the state room for the captain on the side she had a larger one on the port side for the two professors in the main cabin were twelve eight of which were occupied by the officers below the captain each section of two being provided with curtains which could be drawn out into the cabin so as to form with them a substitute for a private apartment die companion way were america ik italy and two lai state rooms the of which was called the vice principal s cabin and the one on the port side not in general use was called the state cabin into this the fair was shown her servant brought a bundle which lie had taken from the boat when it was hauled upon deck looked into the state cabin and a smile lighted up her pretty face am i to have this fine cabin she asked as she stepped into tlie room yes miss i am sorry we have no ladies on board to keep you company but whenever you are weary of the our officers you can retire to the cabin i shall never be tired of them laughed the lady i dare say you prefer to speak in your own language and mr o the second master of the vessel will be at your command the italian from cork bowed and smiled as though he fully this last remark and was ready at once to make his services available thanks le i speak french a little you speak it very i wish i could speak it half as well as you do but i am happy to believe that i shall not he obliged to he entirely silent in your you speak french very well indeed replied the her black eyes with her pretty mouth will you do me the honor to breakfast with me in the cabin at half past seven sunny shores or i shall be most happy the captain and the second master bowed smiled and retired the fair italian retreated into her cabin and closed the door this looks like an adventure captain said o h as he followed the commander to the deck very much like one what was she doing out here three or four miles from the shore so early in the morning i haven t the least idea didn t she explain it to you when you were talking together she didn t say a word about it it s very odd a young and beautiful lady dressed highly educated and evidently belonging to one of the first families out here in the sea far from the land before sunrise in the morning if s very odd i know but i can give no explanation if the man with her were a count a duke or a gentleman instead of a servant i should say it was an it certainly is nothing of that kind for she does not seem to care where she goes if she can only get away from she says she has plenty of money so that she cannot be out here by accident as you speak italian o i shall turn her over to you and you must obtain an explanation ascertain where she wishes to go and where her friends live if you can i will do the best i can captain replied o delighted with the commission had a long talk with professor america in italy and i back the acting vice principal in regard to tlie lady but this dignified gentleman had an utter horror of permitting the fair stranger to remain in the cabin of tlie a single day longer than was necessary to him the chief ends of man were science and greek and latin history and geography and afterwards and he knew that the presence of the beautiful italian would the attention of the students he was not quite willing to drown the who the study hours but he desired to get rid of her with all possible despatch he wished to report the case to the principal on board of the ship but told him this would compel the to heave to and would cause considerable delay the wind was now blowing a breeze from the north having shifted four points in half an hour though the change compelled the to return towards the point on the eastern shore which had been sighted the day before the wind would be almost fair on the other tack but it was soon evident that the wind was still changing at six bells or seven o clock the vessels had headed off so that their course was exactly east like an old salt looked all around at the horizon at the sky overhead and then at the compass on the quarter deck how s the wind mr said he to the officer of the deck north north east sir replied the fourth lieutenant it has been heading us off for the last half hour and we have had to keep her off two points we shall not continue much longer on this tack sunny or for the wind is fair and we shall go about as soon as we get an keep a sharp for on board the ship added the captain as he returned to the cabin at seven bells breakfast was ready for the watch which	36
cannot properly do anything else certainly without knowing anything about your reasons for leaving your home i have good reasons and if they knew them they would pity me o was deeply interested and full of sympathy for the fair for such she evidently was his lively imagination already led him to believe that affair was at the bottom of her trouble but he knew that italian maidens as a rule submitted to the will of their parents or in the of their hands in marriage i will not be sent back to said bitterly no one shall send me back i will throw myself into the sea will die before i will go back to and she paused gazing earnestly into the face of the young officer to whom he asked to my uncle i she added vehemently never again will i go to him i will you all mr o that will be better way my father and mother both died six years ago in italy and within three months of each my father had several olive near and he was very rich he had more than a million in money besides his lands which were worth as much more as i was his only child ail his property belonged to me i wish i had been poor a beggar she exclaimed warmly then i might have been happy but you had relatives to take care of you when your father died to me said she bitterly iii lived my mother s half brother who was my father s steward and managed his he was my guardian he was not at all my mother for he was a bad man he was not like my father who was a good man and who loved me with all his heart and soul so did my who was to care for me and my fortune had always been a subordinate in my father s house and was very and to my parents they did not know him if they had known him tliey never would have consigned me to his keeping have you no other relatives asked o i have a wealthy uncle in who went there before i was born and i never saw him he is my father s brother and is a banker now if you were in trouble why did you not write to him would not permit me to do so but i have had no time for my woes came upon me all at once and only a few weeks ago my guardian treated me very well as a child and caused me to be well educated retaining all the masters and the shores my father had employed he gave me everything i needed and i was as happy as i could be my father and mother till a nephew of my guardian but no relation to my mother came to he was always in my path always seeking some way to assist and serve me that was kind of him it was too kind said her eyes flashing i did not like him i never liked him for he was a low mean spirited contemptible man i despised him and avoided him as i would a serpent in my path he was a young man of low tastes and without education worse than this he was a villain as i could prove if i were in under no possible circumstances could i have the least regard for him shortly after his coming to my guardian s house i went to to stay a week with a friend who h d loved my father very much at his house i met for the st time the young count di exactly so exclaimed o as he saw the blush upon the cheek of the fair italian and you had an additional reason for not liking he was so different from added he was just twenty one a handsome young man and as noble and good as he was and accomplished my father s friend spoke of him and gave me a long account of his history and of the kind and generous deeds he had done if he was handsome i think you need not seek for any excuse laughed o i think i understand the case very well deeply but in her frankness and innocence she spoke of the young count as freely as if he bad been her brother setting forth his good qualities as earnestly as though she him from a attack i staid two weeks in instead of one and sent for me every day i saw and the more i saw him the better i liked him continued frankly he came to but would not permit me to see him a month ago my father s friend invited me to spend another week at his house and my guardian dared not refuse my request every day for a week i saw again and when we parted on the day of my return to we were the count came to see me in a few days but my guardian refused to permit an interview had seen him however and when he di me out that evening he told me the count had been refused admission to the house i went to very angry and asked if count di had called to see me he told me he had and made to me the announcement that i was to be the wife of i for my mind heart and soul at the very thought of such a fate i declared that i would rather die than submit to such a union my guardian was cold and resolved he did not even trouble himself to reason with me to convince me of the propriety of the choice he had made for me i am sure that had no more respect or regard for his nephew than i had for though had always	36
guardian has proved to be i must tell your story to the captain and professor i only hope they will not send me back to said anxiously i am sure they will not replied o satisfied that the acting vice principal would not be willing to take the responsibility of ordering the to leave the without consulting the principal whatever he thought ought to be done in regard to the passenger now will you send to me if you please said as the officer rose to leave her i will and o went forward to find her servant had with the forward officers in the and when o found him he appeared to be entirely satisfied with himself and everybody on board of the the second master improved the opportunity to ask a few questions in regard to the details to which he had just listened not that he doubted the truth of s statements but rather to confirm them the man spoke in much stronger terms of condemnation of the character of and his nephew than his mistress had done was to be sold to the young villain so that the old villain could steal the property this was s emphatic statement of the case and both of them agreed in all essential particulars leaving the lady and her servant engaged in earnest conversation on the quarter deck o went to the young america in italy and cabin to find tlie captain but mr and were both engaged in the the and he could obtain an audience of either of them it was his watch on from ten till twelve in the and he was obliged to attend to his own studies in the afternoon so that he had no opportunity to tell the story of til the first watch in the evening professor was not a good subject to whom to relate a romantic story but he listened attentively to the end and reserved his decision till the next day since nothing could be done that night at one o clock that day the had and stood out to sea again in order to clear head at six the vessels had come about again and laid a course which if the wind continued to blow from the same quarter would enable them to the port of without another tack during the day received every attention from the officers oft duty who could speak french enough to converse with her and those could not wished they had given more attention to the study of this language in the afternoon she slept till supper time not having closed her eyes t ie night before in the evening captain spoke to her in relation to her history expressing his sympathy and the opinion that she would not be sent back to the wind blew fresh during the and the preserved its relations making eight knots an hour light on the weather bow shouted the forward at three bells in the mid watch sunny shores or exclaimed the fourth master on watch with alexander the second lieutenant i have heard that name before said the officer of the deck half an hour later they could see the outline of a island farther out from tlie main shore than any of its fellows of the there are there not asked alexander meeting in the waist yes it is a strong place a great victory was gained off here by the english over the french in i the english held this island of as a naval station while the french troops had possession of the and had a naval battle here only four years ago in the were badly beaten arid lost one of their best which was sunk instantly after it w as by an ship at o clock in the morning the was out of sight of land at this hour the third lieutenant and the second master with the second part of the watch had the deck of the nine officers of the a majority were born of foreign parents though they were with only one exception the sons of citizens of the united states four only being native americans alexander was scotch spanish english o irish and german but it be said that they were all good scholars and good officers as indeed they must have been in order to obtain in the cabin it happened so in the but not ten per cent of the students on the were foreign italy and bom the third lieutenant who had just taken the ti was the he was a splendid looking fellow eighteen years old and already a rich jet black which was the envy of several of his fellow officers he was an excellent officer and devoted both to the sailing and the study of the academy o the second master was his companion on duty all the officers of the agreed remarkably well together either on account of or in spite of their varying and it would be hard to say which we are going to have s to day said the irish italian as he encountered oa the weather side of the that s a new breeze to me laughed the handsome officer of the deck s blows up and down in english and spanish you call it a calm laughed o as he walked forward again for officers on duty were not allowed to indulge in long talks before this watch was relieved the prophecy of the second master was fully and the sails hung idly from the if you please mr i will report the presence of the lady and her servant on board to the principal said captain do so if you please the acting whom will you send scott i he is off duty but he does not know the lady s story suggested the professor o would be a more suitable person it is his watch in the this i will go	36
seen you and the count hired a fishing vessel in which to pursue you he thought you were taken on board of the instead of the however pleased the fair italian may have been with this information it was at the same time very embarrassing to her for she felt that it was not proper for her to meet her under present circumstances explained to her in detail the decision of the principal with which she was entirely satisfied and it afforded her very great relief she was sure of an ardent advocate in the count with her uncle in and in fo ia before had finished his explanation a boat came from the the count was not in it to obtain the address of s uncle she wrote it on a piece of paper for the messenger banker she also wrote a few to the count explaining the intentions of in regard to her and begged him to be earnest in his to secure the protection of and her uncle an answer soon came back from the count assuring her of his entire devotion and declaring that he would not sleep till he had seen her uncle and her father s old friend i am afraid your guardian will readily discover where you are when he to said o i hope not i she exclaimed sunny shores or probably tbe whom the count ed will tell all about your departure and thus enable your guardian to follow you of course he has interest enough in your future to use the most extraordinary measures to recover possession of you but i you need not fear him for i am sure our principal will do his best to give you fair play as the principal had predicted the breeze soon up from the south east and from this direction come the stormy winds of the the sheets were started and the went off before it the course of the was north west but the in carrying out the order of the principal was headed west north west or two points more to the westward in a few moments after the wind came the passed under the quarter of the was on deck with the captain and she saw the count waving his hat on board of the other vessel she responded to the salute with her handkerchief and these were continued as long as the vessels were within hail of each other steamer said the in charge of the wheel all eyes were instantly directed and a small steamer was seen several miles off headed directly towards the was very uneasy for after all he had heard he was satisfied that would spare no pains or expense to recover his ward he examined the steamer through his glass with great care and particularly noted her course what do you think of her scott said he as his old friend came upon the quarter deck in italy and i think she is one of the prettiest girls i ever looked at in my f e and only regret that i can t speak french or a ed the first master as he glanced at g ul wi o was seated by the and not ui n g ei she was not yet aware of the cl of tl e steamer i don t mean tl e added the captain pointing towards the craft of the that i i should say she was a steamer beyond question i never saw a sailing vessel with a rolling out clouds of black smoke of course she is a steamer do you think she is after us she certainly isn t before us in chase of us i mean but i forgot that you knew nothing about it added nothing at all replied scott the in common with the other officers and the crew wondered why the il had come on board of the and where she was going the officers had tried to pump o but he had been charged to keep the secret of the lady s i t think of it continued the captain now may ask captain why that steamer should possibly be chasing the f has any one on stolen any chickens or anything into italy or i am not aware that any one has done either of these things do you think that is a man of war asked scott sunny or no i am confident she is not but if you ask me no questions scott i shall tell you no lies i laughed i won t tempt you replied scott as the second part of the port watch was called to take the deck scott relieved the third master in the waist while received the from the second lieutenant h a see the steamer said to the lady passenger turned pale and seemed at once to apprehend that the steamer was in pursuit of her does it come for me she asked i t know but she seems to be headed towards the i am afraid is on board no it cannot be she cried in alarm you forget that a fishing vessel after putting the count di on board of the returned to the shore in short to if the count told the captain of the as doubtless he did that he was in search of a lady his adventure may have been known all over yesterday morning true groaned the fair italian what shall i do do not be we will do the best we can for you said the wind was up tolerably fresh and was now nearly the was rapidly gathering and going free with everything drawing she soon began to tlie young america the had shot on her course and had passed the ship signal on the ship sir reported scott to the officer of the deck young america in italy and jl signal on the	36
on deck though he went into the cabin to dinner at noon while the meal was in progress the began to jump and at a fearful rate the soup would not stay in the plates and the dishes seemed to have an for the cabin floor but the officers only laughed at the little which were of frequent occurrence excused himself to his fair passenger before the was served and went on deck where he immediately ordered the first lieutenant who was now on duty to up the and take in the flying this the vessel for the time and the captain returned to the cabin to finish his dinner when the was ended upon going upon deck again and the captain conducted her to her seat by the then he explained to her that he was obliged to attend to his in the afternoon but o was at liberty for the next two hours to take charge of her the irish italian was very polite neither he nor the captain had spoken a word of flattery or gallantry to her and she found y sunny shores or herself treated as respectfully as though these officers had been her own brothers perhaps the knowledge on their part that she was the of the count had something to do with their reserve the captain looked through his glass once more but the position of the steamer could only be discerned by the black smoke which rose from her smoke the wind was still increasing and the in spite of her reduced canvas was tearing through the water at the speed of a race horse at two bells in the afternoon watch she twelve knots the sea was very heavy and when w right entered the he found professor in great on this account he was trying to write out on tlie the of a greek but the worthy gentleman found great difficulty in keeping on his feet and finally gave it up as a bad job were continually and books sliding off the mess tables the sea is very rough captain said he as the commander of the took his place to his greek rather rough sir but it is not half so bad as it will be in an hour from now replied the captain we are going twelve knots sir and we shall be in before noon to morrow at this rate it is almost impossible to conduct a in such a and roar added the professor as the vessel rolled down till every article in the went over to mr continued his struggles with the circumstances for another hour sacrificing america in italy and j j ills dignity at every roll or pitch of the and frequently losing the of the in his efforts to prevent being pitched over with the at last his chair was actually upset the students inclination to laugh rushed to his assistance and set him on his pins again as scott ex young gentlemen the are suspended the present said the professor holding on vigorously at one of the most of the students thus dismissed remained below the officers retreating to the cabin some of them lay down in their to read or study their lessons the gale such it had now become created no sensation them for they took the storms as a matter of course and were not interested enough in it to go on deck even the new fellows had been to the of the sea in crossing the at and going up the in september during the afternoon the gale was a regular as mr had it the weather was so thick that the young america could not be seen the went on deck after the acting vice principal had dismissed the classes as the gale came heavier and heavier he ordered sail to be reduced until the carried only her and fore the was in readiness for the next step in the process of but it was not necessary the vessel having the wind nearly aft still made ten knots an hour in spite of the heavy sea light on the bow cried the just before two bells in the mid watch night shores or what is it asked the officer of the deck walking forward cape replied we are about one hundred miles from in a couple of hours we shall be off which is the principal naval station there have been any quantity of sea fights in this vicinity who was a german was prepared to tell about them but did not care to hear just then for he was thinking about the vessel the wind had considerable of its force the weather was clearing and the stars were beginning to appear in the sky at four bells or two o clock in the morning the second part of the watch was called and the officer of the deck reported to the captain that the weather was improving and the gale went on deck as he had done twice during the night the was eight miles from the land and the hills of could be seen in tlie gloom he oi the to be turned out of the and the sail set returning to the cabin he consulted the and then examined the of the spread out on a table upon which a cast a strong light so that it could be seen distinctly without any delay while he was at the table the second came below the light on the cape bears due east captain said o picking up the paper on the sailing directions had been written out a red line been ruled which indicated the course of the from the southern edge of the the intended course of the vessel was ruled with a pencil young america in italy and what is the next course asked the captain placing one point of the on the position of tlie north north	36
west sir replied o reading from the paper make that the course then replied after he had the of the calculations in five minutes more he was asleep in his state room at six he was awakened again by the second master sent below by the officer of tlie deck who re the sea tolerably smooth and the wind very much put on all sail replied and he turned over and went to sleep again at eight came the report that the vessel w is nearly she was under the lee of the high coast which ed her from the breeze for the storm had now entirely at seven bells in the morning watch the was making only two knots and was still miles from her destination a white hardly was seen in the west was supposed to be the ship finally the wind wholly subsided but a breeze was hoped for from some other quarter it did not come for several hours but while the captain was at his in the a steamer was reported headed directly for the was startled and with the permission of professor he went on deck where he found in great agitation chapter vi an j it may be a trick of the to leave his characters in a difficult position while he off to introduce a new individual or group but of course the of the proceedings of the academy cannot resort to any such devices to produce an effect after the young america sailed on her long voyage from to two young gentlemen who had run away from the influences of the ship once contrived in the excitement occasioned by a collision in a dense fog to escape from the ship one of them had a letter of credit for one hundred pounds and the other expected to find one for the same sum at the next port where the was to remain for any time and they together to an english sent to arrest them by the principal took in charge but they managed to him in the city of the and made their way first to and then to these two young gentlemen wandering from one end of europe to the other need some attention and the more because they were bad boys paul had reported them at the de la in young america in italy and where he had seen them two weeks mr concluded that he would pursue them no farther satisfied that their would soon be exhausted and then they would be compelled to return or write to him for aid but the worthy principal was not aware that each of them was provided with a letter of credit though one of them had been largely drawn upon these two young gentlemen were de and and both of them had been officers of tlie ship they had seen paul ex of the and now married and with his wife in the grace another past officer grown up and married had crossed the atlantic with the in his own the with ex pupil and ex officer as the sailing master of the grace but he had just been appointed vice principal of the the had seen paul at the hotel and recognized him but they were not under the circumstances they even avoided the ex and in doing so their conduct had seemed very strange to paul but as the had disposed of their and wore plain clothes he was not sure that they belonged to the academy they were too smart to let him see them again they kept shady until the two had sailed for co that was a narrow escape said de when they reached their room whither they fled for seclusion saw us and will report us to sunny shores ok no matter if he does we shall be out of the way before he can do that replied let him drop for we have enough to of our heads about him i don t intend to tax my brains much i want you to understand we are on a pleasure i should think we were i sneered we lost our dinner because and his wife were in the and we dared not face them i haven t lost my dinner old boy i can tell you replied de as he touched the button of the electric bell which immediately brought a waiter to the door what will you eat anything you like bring us a cold roast chicken bread and butter and two bottles of bass ale said de in the waiter repeated the order and retired they will charge you extra for meals served in this room growled who was the more prudent of the two i can t help it if they do i m not going hungry to save half a or so you go it like a lord and flourish like a green bay tree it is about time for us to make some calculations for the future i have twenty five hundred on my letter of credit how much have about fifteen hundred we can go it for a while on this it will be gone in a few days or a few weeks at most what are you going to do then in italy and i don t know replied de his shoulders when it is gone you will throw yourself on your knees before and beg to put you in the for your sins if you can t get to him to do this you will write to him perhaps i shall but i m going to have a good time while i am loose laughed the reckless as the waiter brought in the lunch in a little while the bones of the chicken were picked clean and the last drop of the ale drank the latter made them and even was more hopeful than before while his companion was as free and liberal as	36
though he had the bank of to back him up my is a rich man chuckled de and he is as liberal as i am he don t care how much money i spend and i m sure i don t care how much he gets rid of so you see it s an even thing between us that s so and my governor has more money your governor said even more than his companion fifteen hundred which you have and twenty five hundred which i ha e isn t money enough for two such good fellows as we are twenty five hundred which i have interposed exactly so i that s what i say twenty five hundred which i have you haven t but fifteen hundred de haven t i so much the worse added de ringing the bell again shores or what do you want now asked i m going to my governor to tell i haven t but fifteen hundred in the wide world that i m a a orphan away from my home and i want some more a exile from home home splendor in vain when you haven t the to sail in and enjoy it write to your governor don t call me i beg your pardon i had the and s what made me put on that other syllable i mean he ha ha ha i i feel funny you act funny never mind you are a good fellow and de up to the waiter who came in at this moment and him familiarly on the back come you are getting wild i beg your pardon mr brown added de looking up at the waiter what do you want demanded the man o yes mr brown i you are the up here flashes replied the astonished pa pier und what i said before added de as the waiter left young america in italy and with this slight difference that you said two bottles of white paper did i well that wasn t bad laughed de i tn going to write to my governor for more money i shall tell him i have left the academy that i am an exile from home and want five hundred pounds that is modest laughed so it is would you ask him for a thousand pounds no you won t get any if you do make it two hundred and i will do the same i will say three hundred to please you but i won t knock off another hundred for anybody the waiter brought the ale and die writing materials nd as de s head was full of beer he devoted himself at once to the letter perhaps conscious that if he drank before he wrote he should not be able to write he labored heavily over it for half an hour the perspiration rolling from his forehead he spoiled several sheets before he suited himself that will do said he when he had completed the read it added i don t often read my private letters out loud but i m an exile from home and i ll do so this time dear papa you see i m going to be affectionate this time go on dear papa i left the academy at discharged cured by the principal as i am over here i desire to travel a few n sunny shores or improve my french and german the letter of credit you were so good as to send mc is half used up and i hope you will be so kind as to send me another for three hundred pounds immediately i shall be an exile from home without a in my trousers pocket in a month if you don t send and shall be obliged to ship before the mast to work my passage home direct to h national remember me tenderly to mother and my sisters and particularly to aunt your devoted son c c p s mr sends his kindest regards what do you mean by saying you were discharged cured asked i don t know exactly what it does mean it means anything my governor pleases of course i meant the letter should be a little my papa will send the money and then ask me to explain when i get it i will do so replied de as he filled his glass from one of the bottles of ale and drank it wrote a letter after the one he had just heard and it was approved by his companion the letters were enclosed directed and stamped de rang the bell again mr brown you are a gentleman and here is a for you said de as the servant entered the room the understood the and that was all he bowed and smiled evidently having a high appreciation of the liberality of the guest young america in italy put these letters in the post office continued de he don t understand english interposed i and the sentence was repeated in german in half an hour more both of these were very and asleep on the bed it was not till the next day that they were able to think and act again the waiter informed them that paul had sailed in his for and they felt free again both of them had a desire to visit again because de declared there was more fun there than in any other city in europe except paris it was too late to go that day for the express train left at seven o clock in the morning but they decided to go as far as in the evening see the the next day and go to the day after at the proper time tliey were at the railroad station de bought tickets and while he was counting his change a stout gentleman came up to the window with an bank note in his hand gi me two tickets	36
to said the traveller in english but with an unmistakable american accent and he spoke in a loud bluff tone and de remembered to have heard that voice at tlie h de la when he retreated from the but he had not seen the owner of it he spoke and acted as though he owned the city of and was one of those characters occasionally met at the hotel or in the railroad car in the united states who seem to talk for the benefit of all present or within hail and who think that what they have to say must be of interest to eve o sunny shores or the did not understand a word he said not even the name of the place where the traveller wished to go for he badly it gi me two tickets to he repeated in a tone than before apparently vexed that he was not understood i don t understand you said the ticket in french i don t want none of your gi me two tickets growled the american can i assist you sir interposed de politely you can if you can talk this crow i want two tickets to ah d repeated de the name correctly yes i if that s what you call it first class or second do you mean to insult me demanded the rough gentleman frowning and up his certainly not protested de do you think i d go in the second class cars no sir i i m an american prince i i could buy out half a dozen of these one and not feel it class said de and the american prince threw a hundred note into the window it will be seven and ninety two added the myself and my friend have second class tickets for well here stop i where be the i want the american prince page h in italy and you to go with me and i ll pay the difference the prince o i am able to pay for my own tickets but the second class carriages are just as good i don t like to see an american go second class in your and tell him to take out the difference de was not with delicacy and he complied with the request the prince gathered up the mass of bills thrown out to him and stuffed them into his trousers pocket like so much waste paper see here man what s your name demanded the american in a tone loud enough to be heard all over tlie station mr de sir then you are a frenchman no sir a full blooded american from the city of new york that s all right de i m mr fm glad to see you and there s my fore added the prince extending his hand i m happy to know you mr replied de shaking the offered hand i m from new where i ve got a place which the neighbors call and if it don t beat any of these one palaces i ve seen over here i won t guess no more till i my wisdom teeth now come along o me i want to show you my wife and if she ain t better than any of these italian i ll and live single come along this is my friend mr added de and the prince shook hands with him go sunny shores or the waiting room they were presented to mrs certainly she a very pretty woman but modestly dressed while the husband appeared to be about forty five the lady was not more than twenty five don t talk so mr said she with a smile everybody in the station can hear what you say i don t care if they do laughed the prince louder than before de and were very polite and mrs was evidently pleased them but they wondered how a lady so pretty elegant and refined as she was could have married such a coarse rough rude man as mr they saw that she was at his conduct and probably every day of her life abroad was one of actual suffering they conducted their new friends to the train and ed a for the party by the guard with a we can this to ourselves said de when they had taken the four corners of tlie section the guard asked the prince explained de i understand that but there ain t war down here what s the guard for that s the conductor why don t they say so then they do sometimes where is the him up he was called and the prince gave him five in spite of the protest of de he was veiy polite and even young america in italy and i i ve got money enough and i mean to go in good shape thundered as he dropped back into his seat in the corner i can t talk these crow tongues but my wife can de was seated opposite to him had the corresponding position in regard to the lady mr is one of the best hearted men in the whole world but as you see he is very rough in his ways said tlie wife he is kind and generous and would go across the ocean to help a friend in distress i see that he is very he gave the conductor five times as much as was necessary replied in a low tone and the prince was talking bo loud himself tiiat he could not hear what said at the other end of the the lady at some length for the rough ways of her husband but politely assured her that he was delighted with him at the same time the prince was drawing out his new friend and relating his own history with entire freedom now de where did you come from and where are you going to asked mr before the	36
train started you and tlie other ain t more n sixteen or seventeen year old what are you doing over here all alone i am eighteen sir i belong to the young a academy ship a nd i are a little replied the and if it had been necessary he would not have hesitated to tell the whole truth in regard to himself for he felt that the prince would be his friend under any circumstances sunny shores oh so i ve tell of that ship so you are a sailor well so m i i ve got a ship didn t you see her down to no y no sir we haven t been to she s a of hundred tons and sails fifteen knots an hour week in and week out i had her built pose for this and i to stay out here three years in her but you and i said the prince lowering his voice for once i ve got sick on her indeed but she s a fine vessel and cost money to ruin some of these one kings over here but we ve got sick on her though she s fixed up in better shape than any of these palaces i ve seen i do things when i do em why them palaces in ain t hut hen side of my place at you must be very wealthy suggested de well i ve got replied the prince modestly but all i got i made myself see here i used to rim on a twenty years ago i was a by trade and set up for myself when my father died and left me a few thousands to start with in tlie war i built steam for government and a that i myself then i went into new york and in land and when i made my pile i stopped short all i want to do to spend my income i should be happy to assist you in that line laughed de well i find there s plenty of folks to do that chuckled the prince i attended to business america in italy and and nothing else till two year ago and then i got married my wife was they call a and knows enough about books and for both on us when i read about them english lords and their steam i thought i d try my hand at it and if my steamer don t beat any on em i won t guess no more till i my wisdom teeth and you are tired of her well you see my wife she didn t out of her berth for three weeks till we got to no y she don t want to go to sea no more till we start for home she s happy on the land and ble on the sea that s why i m sick of the steam i to sail up to at all the places on the shore we were goin to start at no y and go all round italy up to but we gin it up she can t stand it and that steam s for sale to any man that wants her why do you charge it all to me mr asked the lady just as the train started for she could not avoid hearing all he said you were all the time yourself i was on deck every day protested he but you were ill well i own i didn t feel just right chuckled the prince we had the line gale you see two or three days after we left new york and it me up so that i didn t straightened out till i got ashore i don t know s i after any more sea voyages fm told they have a good of rough weather in the and i wouldn t feel s i did in that gale for half i m shores or i think mr de understands it better now laughed the lady i own that i feel better on the land than i do on the sea i that prince prince wanted to buy a steam and i m going up to en ny to see him i hired a to help us along but he was yesterday and i kicked him out then we are all going to added de the train arrived at at twenty minutes of eleven and de talked german for the party till they were suited with apartments at the young america in italy i chapter vii sa from ruin t te s one of the isn t he said de x x as he and went to their chamber added the other significantly i don t think so at least that isn t my idea of quality is a rough straightforward man who makes no whatever he has acquired a big fortune and he certainly isn t mean with it as i understand it means people who becoming suddenly wealthy put on airs and the elegance culture and refinement of tlie first i suppose you are right replied yawning as he tumbled into his bed and both of them were soon fast asleep the party came together again at the breakfast table the next morning mrs had a headache and the visit to the of was deferred till the next day though the lady declared that she was able to undergo the fatigue we ain t in no hurry laughed the american prince we are goin to stay in europe years and if that ain t long enough to see we sunny shores or want to we ll stay six we t got else perhaps these young gentlemen are in a hurry if we are not suggested mrs o no not at all replied de we are in no hurry i should to have you stay with us as long as you can we re goin to	36
stop in italy this winter but i wanted to take a run for two or three weeks up north the weather is fine added mr i had to go to to see that prince and then i want to see them salt mines at explained the lady just exactly my own idea said de we want to go there then the case fits both ways my wife can tell just where we are going i thought we had better go from here to then up the to where we wish to remain about a week then we shall go to which reached in one day from turning to the westward we visit and returning by the into italy continued mrs that trip will exactly suit us said de good exclaimed the prince i was goin to another of them for i don t want my wife to have to buy the tickets and do all the for me we should be very glad to go with you if agreeable to you and mrs we should be delighted with your company replied the lady young america in italy and that s bo said the prince heartily mrs retired to her room to sleep off her headache if she could but how is it about your asked mr how many weeks do they give you we take as many weeks as we like laughed de to his companion what s that wink for my lad demanded the prince i late you are up to i never kept school but i late i can see as fur into a boy as any other man i ve had a good many of em to work for me and i never kept one a week if he was i late they didn t give you no you are right mr replied de candidly the principal did not give us a but we took one run away yes sir if you choose to call it by that name then you are on a lark by no means we did not get fair play and so we decided to on our own hook whatever mr thought he did not express himself very fully in regard to the conduct of his companions he only laughed and appeared to regard it as a good joke thus encouraged de told the whole story of the expedition from to and then by to he dwelt some time upon his own skill in the english and the prince was interested and amused by the narrative don t you believe your principal mr would like to buy my steam asked the prince sunny or when the story was finished and without upon it it s just the thing for him and he ought to have her i don t know can write to him at hut i hope you won t mention that you have seen us replied de he ought to have the mused the prince i saw his ship at cape may several years ago and i thought the academy was the biggest thing afloat or on land for that matter i believed he was more for his country than any other man i knew of in up and bad boys i ll sell him my steam cheap the students would like it said i should want to return if we were to in a steamer should you my lad then the principal must have her but the prince wants her suggested de he can t have her if mr wants her at any price protested mr i your principal is at work for his country he s done for commerce for morality and religion that s how i view it de was astonished and uneasy he had not supposed the american prince was that sort of man he had not imagined that morality learning and religion had any place in his mind but believed he was simply intent upon a good time he was sorry he had made his confession for the prince in spite of his rude and rough manners was a man america in y and mr is his time and money to this institution continued the prince he is a man added and able to do so i heard in boston that he had doubled and his fortune by the rise of lands he owned how rich is he asked mr some one said he was worth over half a million that ain t much but the students each pay a thousand dollars a year for clothes and travel on shore i don t know but i shouldn t think it would pay mr talked all the about the academy and the explained the system of instruction and discipline in answer to his questions dinner was ordered at one o clock and the conversation was only disturbed by the appearance of mrs who declared that her headache was much better i hope you won t blow on us said de much troubled as engaged the attention of the lady i mind my own business replied the prince and you will not mention in your letter to mr that you have seen any of his flock no i won t but i hope by the time mr gets round to you will it s worth your while to go back to your ship and be good boys i didn t have no chances to learn when i was a boy as you have and if you don t attend to your now you ll be sorry for it as long as you live if you say you won t mention us we shall be and will do all we can to assist you on your journey otherwise we shall have to bid you good by added de i won t say a word but i hope you ll conclude to go back we ll talk about that when we get round to now we ll have some dinner	36
the party seated themselves at the table which had been prepared for them what of will you order mr asked de as he took up the bill of fare repeated the prince with a broad grin on his face yes sir i suppose the can be bad here and they are very fine indeed we had them on the steamer at discretion and you drank em certainly we did then you had no discretion i don t want none of your i m a man clean up to the not like some folks that sign the pledge at home and drink just what they want on this side of the water i don t drink but cold water tea and coffee but the water is liable to make you suggested de so s the wine ten times more likely to make a fellow sick than the water the water in quality so much in different countries that it is dangerous to drink it i ll run the risk i heard of a man who had from drinking the water in young america in italy and loi i shall try one or two before i drink any wine i guess where there s one that has from water there s a hundred has em from and liquor perhaps you prefer beer beer is very fine and probably they have it here no beer for me i don t touch of the sort does mr give his boys wine and beer not a drop sir he will not allow a student to taste of wine or beer and the doctor is so superstitious he won t give wine as a medicine what do the boys drink water then they all have i suppose no sir we hardly ever had a student sick but it is the change of water in going from place to place that does the mischief i you fill the water of the ship at one of course we can t do that we have to fill them up every week or so wherever we are and the boys don t have no they haven t had any yet i ll em for quarter of one per cent as long as they stay on board de was and he said no more about though in the evening after the prince had retired he and consumed sundry bottles of beer and went to bed badly the next day the party visited the of and before they left the mine at and the lake of but we shall leave all these objects of interest to be described by the students of the academy for mr had adopted a new plan of which had the merit of variety if it was no improvement over his former system the went with the american prince to and then up the to they made themselves very useful and having been over the ground before they were quite at home in the cities and on the river mr wrote his letter to the principal of the academy offering to sell him the steam at his own price and proposing to meet him at about the loth of october as he had promised he made no mention of his new friends the prince insisted upon paying all the bills of the party though de protested in they visited all the lions of the city and attended the opera every evening for a week but this steady life did not suit the mrs desired to spend a whole day in the palace looking at the pictures and they asked to be excused they went to the hotel and dined together being alone they ordered wine and the prince and his lady returned both of them were mr said nothing and in the evening they went to the where they drank more wine and were turned out by the police for being noisy and breaking things they went to s and repeated the and the uproar they were having what they called a good time i say we are having some fun to night said de as they walked back with uncertain steps to the hotel about midnight young america in italy and i that s so we have been very proper for the last ten days chuckled the prince is a very proper man but i don t care to go with him any more if he does pay the bills it s a dry time with him i would rather pay my bills and have as we go along i have drank so much cold i am almost sick so ve i let s say good by to tlie prince in the morning and tell him we have concluded not to go to i m with you added as they reached the hotel it was closed but the porter admitted them and saw that they were quite they gave him a according to the custom and he helped them up to bed the prince and his wife e early and at eight the next morning after a walk they had as the day was pleasant they decided to make the excursion to to see the palace park and lakes the young men had not come down from their rooms and the prince sent the waiter up to call them de sent down a message that they did not intend to get up till eleven mr had some views of his own and he paid a visit to the porter s room where he learned that the young men had come in after midnight quite the prince was shocked was a crime to him so was wine drinking he went up to the chamber of the and knocked at the door who s there growled de who was trying to sleep off the effects of his i sunny shores or open the door mr and loud enough to awaken all the on that floor if there were any	36
i want to sleep replied de i shall not get up till eleven the prince put his shoulder to the door and the flew off in an instant what are you about sir demanded de angrily as he rose in the bed about to come in replied the prince the act to the words young man you were drunk last night you were both drunk you went to a bad place i what if we did demanded de angrily it don t concern you where we went but it does concern me while you travel with me i m goin to see that you behave yourselves we don t travel with you any longer o you don t no after this we go on our own book no you won t i shall put you on my hook i don t know that you have anything to do with our affairs perhaps i haven t but i can t stand still and see two smart boys like you goin to ruin as fast as you can without my finger in the pie i didn t know we were going to ruin didn t you well i did and i think my duty to interfere continued the prince in his usual loud tone your folks to home think you are on of your ship your lessons and your morals cared for but here you are young in italy and in and goin to bad places and out till after it s a shame i what we do don t concern you replied de as he rolled himself up in the bed clothes and turned over as if he intended to go to sleep again just as long as you behaved yourselves and went along all right i hadn t a word to say and when i writ to mr i didn t say all i want is to have you do right if you ll i won t stop drinking interposed de if i want a glass of wine or beer i m going to have it now just listen to reason and the prince preached quite a stirring sermon in he attempted to show the young that nothing but ruin to body and soul could result their present course of life neither of them was in the humor to profit by this good advice we don t want any more preaching we had enough of that on board of the ship interposed de rudely you will oblige me if you will clear out and let me finish my nap you can travel with me just as you ve been and fu pay all expenses but you must quit wine and beer we can pay our own bills and we are not going to be under your thumb and i talked it over last night and we decided to say good by to you to day give my regards to mrs for we may not see her again added de if you mean so all right replied the prince sun we mean so good by then but not for long the prince left the room and closed the door be not for long said when he had gone what does he mean by that i don t know don t care replied de if you don t i do added leaping out of bed and proceeding to dress himself we are in another scrape what s tlie matter now demanded the of the couple you have put another rod in for us don t you see we are in hot water again no i don t that man s a lunatic i m not afraid of him i am he will telegraph to and put the police on our track no danger of that that s what you always say why didn t you with the instead of making him mad it s none of his business what we do there isn t much comfort in that if he makes it his business come turn out and let us see what can be done said with what s the matter with you what are you afraid of demanded de jumping out of bed i am afraid we shall be arrested as from our ship that s the matter i you know that in italy and any can take us up if i mistake not the lunatic will inform against us as well as to am going to get on the right side of the prince again as quick as i can back down yea you got your back up and made the prince mad now it s back down before the american hands us over to the police was right mr had sent for a carriage to convey him to the of the american and had already to mr the found in the porter s room ready for business you concluded to get up did you said the prince with one of his most open de has come to senses i didn t lose mine we will go with you on your own terms replied with you are rather late i have already to mr you have didn t i tell you i wouldn t see two smart boys go in to ruin without a finger to stop em i sent word that i would hand yon over to the american and i m just goin to see him about it i don t want to make no trouble you know but my conscience won t let me see two smart boys for the want of a little but we will stop drinking and go with you added with desperately what do you say de i agree to it los sunny shores or well i m in rather a bad fix said the prince i to mr that i would hand you over to the i never go back on mj word i don t think the	36
directed tlie second master to explain the situation to the fair passenger upon me i don t know tliat i understand it replied o his shoulders we are on the high seas added is it here certainly in this hit of a pond we are on the highway of the nations and more than a marine league from any land that s true for you that steamer flies the italian flag i m not sure of that said o pointing the spy glass at the steamer which was now not more than three miles distant i see the red white and green hut those are also the colors of the italy and but the colors are fore and while the italian are up and down true for you and the red white and green are lip and down you are right captain as you always are and that s an steamer added o and italy is not at war with any nation at the moment she is not to be sure said the second master who was apt to use a little when he was excited or interested but there was hardly a finer scholar a more popular officer or a more gentlemanly fellow in the therefore even an italian man of war would have no right to search us while we wear the american flag and certainly no merchant or passenger steamer can do so i see the point but she may he one of these little police boats no matter if she is we are not within the of the italian police or that of any other nation in a word we are on the high seas i all about it now captain and i ll it all to good phrase for you o explained the law of nations to the beautiful passenger but as the situation seemed to have a aspect she was not much comforted by iu vessels are stopped on the sea said she if the captain pleases to stop he can do so but our captain don t please to stop and no boat from that steamer shall come on board of us they can no more take you out of our vessel than they could out if the iron clad ship in the navy be calm and quiet and no harm shall come to you sunny shores or but i am alarmed and i can t help it pleaded if we had a breeze we could run away from that steamer and that would be tjie prettiest way to manage the case if she were a french or a man of war she might compel us to heave to as it is the wind is beginning to a little said the captain now it is coming up from the i see it rippling up the sea to and i think we shall have a breeze true for you captain there it comes added o much excited as he spoke the over under the pressure of a gentle puff and began to increase her speed producing quite a ripple at the bows the italian steamer was less than a mile distant and as the she changed her course a little so as not to of her on the bridge with the captain were two men and declared that one was and the other i think you had better retire to your cabin said the captain must i she asked apparently troubled by this it will be better for you not to be seen by those people for the sight of you may tempt them to do what they would not otherwise undertake we have a six knot breeze now which will enable us to the vessel so that no boat can board us but i wish to see what is done myself very well laughed the captain the anxiety of the fair passenger you must keep young america in y and under the lee of the and not show yourself sent to the cabin for a low which he placed under the weather rail of tlie and seated her there the steamer was now on the weather bow and appeared to be equal to about ten knots an hour in smooth water she was evidently securing a position ahead of the where she could her those on board of her were preparing to lower one of her quarter boats and seemed to have no doubt that he should be able to take hia ward out of the vessel without the slightest difficulty the quarter deck apparently ready for any emergency and pausing occasionally to speak a word of consolation to his trembling passenger but he was studying the situation and frequently glanced at the steamer to assure himself of her relative position mr said he to the of the deck the young touched his cap to tlie commander call all hands in another moment the pipe of the s mate on duty rang the vessel and officers and the without apology rushed on deck and to their stations the officer took his place on the quarter deck while as third lieutenant went into the waist every officer and seaman was in his station for working ship with all hands the professors came on deck the captain had sent a messenger to the acting vice ir sunny or to report the situation to him but mr was no sailor and he did not object to the action of the commander even though all the classes for the time being were broken up the principal had his order from the ship to avoid the steamer and this was warrant enough for what had been or should be done why do you call all hands captain asked mr who was never pleased to have the students taken away from their studies except when the vessel pitched or rolled so that he could not keep on his feet and maintain his professional dignity i was sorry	36
to do so sir but if we are to keep out of that steamer s way it will be necessary to work ship lively replied you will obey the principal s orders of course added the professor i intend to do so and without any collision if possible but she is placing herself right in your course and you are going directly towards her yes sir but we shall haul her round in a moment the wind is south south west sir and we can haul her up four points closer to the wind and still be points off the wind as she up we shall man the fore and main sheets slack on the weather and haul on the lee very well answered the acting vice principal confounded as intended he should be by this of not a word of which he comprehended indeed the professor young in italy and i l himself on his inability to understand what he called mr seated himself by the with dr to watch the of the two vessels the steamer has her wheels shouted the second lieutenant on the and his words were repeated by the in the waist and the first on the quarter deck the latter addressing the captain but made no sign yet for the steamer had gained on the and had stopped nearly half a mile ahead of her she is lowering a quarter boat was the next message that came through the line of officers to the commander who gave no order however and the still moved gracefully along at the rate of six knots an hour are you going to run her down captain asked doctor by no means sir replied the captain she is nearly half a mile from us but you will be upon her in less than five minutes we have plenty of time sir replied crew in the boat was the next message from the mr ood added the captain the saluted tlie commander and awaited his order stations for her up the order went from the first lieutenant and was by the a score of sturdy young il sunny shores or rushed upon the quarter deck and stood by the main sheet a smaller her went to the fore sheet and others placed themselves near the fore and the sheets no one spoke for silence was the order of the day while waiting for the next command the boat is pulling away from the steamer on her port hand reported the second lieutenant but the captain did not hurry himself leaping into the main he examined the situation for himself the boat was pulling away from the steamer whose captain evidently that the might attempt to avoid him expected her to run between the boat and the steamer waited till the boat had pulled a considerable distance and then leaped down upon the deck down with the i brace her up i said he to the first lieutenant the was promptly executed and the stood off to the westward when the officers and understood the movement they laughed heartily at the evident of those on board of tlie steamer all she could do for the present was to pick up her boat and seek another position to the the wind was certainly increasing though as yet the could not make three or four knots close hauled was entirely satisfied with the result thus far it looked as something like a game of was to be played with the high seas as a board and he only wished a stiff breeze to enable him to make his moves successfully the steamer started her wheels as soon as the young america in italy and ii had up but it required some time for her to pick up her boat standing to the south west in half hour she stopped her wheels half a mile ahead of the ready to start your sheets mr said the captain the officer ordered the ship s company to their stations and a moment later gave the command the bore aw ay lay your course mr continued the west north west added the first lieutenant and the course was repeated by the who was the wheel by this time the people of the steamer could not help seeing that the did not intend to be starting her wheels again she ran directly for the and taking a parallel course to of her she soon came up abreast of the and near enough to shy a on board of her the wind was now an eight knot breeze and was happy the captain of the steamer hailed the in italian answer him in english said captain to the first lieutenant on board the steamer through his the captain of the steamer hailed again and the officer as before in english neither understanding tlie other then began i sunny shores or to in a loud and angry tone violently as though he meant all he said whatever it was no reply was made to this verbal demonstration and the italian captain took up the word again roaring like a bull what does he say o asked he says if you don t heave to he will run into you replied the second master and will use the s money to pay the added the captain is getting desperate continued o i will take care that tliey don t run into us for they seem to be mad enough to do anything i have no doubt the has offered the captain of that boat a handsome reward if he niece said o but he will hardly dare to run into us that would be a criminal offence if he did it purposely men become desperate sometimes and great risks by turns the captain of the steamer and till both of them were hoarse but no further reply was made to them seated under the lee of the weather heard with fear	36
and trembling the voice of her angry guardian but and o still assured her that she should not be captured the breeze was still and the worked very lively she is crowding us said as the steamer gaining on the began to sheer in upon the course of the latter young america in and keep her away a added fully the purpose of the captain of the steamer the away a little her captain hoping the steamer would shoot ahead of her but instead of doing so she her engine and continued to take away the s water the latter was obliged to give way for the italian s stern was too close aboard of her to allow her to tack ready to wear ship mr continued the captain as the steamer continued to crowd upon her course the of wearing was and carefully executed the went entirely around and working quick in the fresh breeze she came about filling again on the port tack the steamer had stopped her wheels to meet this movement but as soon as her captain understood it she went ahead again and having fallen of the she attempted to regain her former position to i don t think we need to worry any more about this matter said as he glanced over the and saw the white caps on the waves in the south sou th west we can play this game all day and all night but we are going to have more wind the breeze is our best friend and i am not sure that has not saved us from having our stove in she feels it now replied as the jumped under the influence of a fresh puff the sea is waking up and we begin to pitch a heave the log mr added the captain the result reported was nine knots and it was evident that the steamer could not again secure her position on the weather bow for at least an hour but the breeze continued to increase from the south till the sea was covered with white caps the had one of her best points for sailing and she improved her opportunity the italian seemed to gain nothing upon her and half an hour later it was plain enough that the was running away from her it is all over now said o as he conducted her to the and pointed to the steamer a mile o i am so rejoiced i this breeze will carry us into in less than four hours the captain ordered the port watch to pipe down to and went himself to resume his greek and latin the second part of the watch were left in charge of the deck at three bells in the afternoon watch was taken and the city was in sight the italian steamer was about six miles of the and would be in port only half or three quarters of an hour later i beg your pardon mr said the captain the of the vice principal in the but we shall come to anchor in ten minutes i wish to know what is to be done with our lady passenger i m sure i don t know replied the professor mr evidently does not intend that she young america in italy and shall fall into the hands of her guardian suggested i have no orders shall i send her on shore if you think best the captain did think best for he feared that would be arrested if she remained on board half an hour after tlie anchor was dropped he hastened on deck and ordered the second to be in readiness to convey the lady to the shore scott was detailed lo take charge of the boat and o to attend the to the hotel and assist her in getting out of tlie city if she desired to do so the pilot the off the fa the health officers promptly came alongside and as the vessel hailed last from she received a clean bill of health the first was instantly dropped into the water the officers and crew took their places and warmly thanking the captain for his kindness was handed into the stern sheets before the returned from the shore where it had left and o a boat from the italian steamer came alongside there was no one now on board who could speak italian only point to the shore and utterly disgusted departed towards the landing place two hours later the young america near the and the next morning the arrived the was again united and mr the in these was ready to give his lecture on the geography and history of sunny shores or chapter ix the lecture on as soon as the anchor of the young america was let go captain hastened to the ship to report the incidents which had on board of the since she parted company with the si dr saw that the young commander told this with no little animation and it was plain enough that he had enjoyed the part he had been permitted to take in the little drama of the chase by the steamer what have you done with the fair stranger asked the principal i sent her on shore air just as soon as the health officers would us to land in other words i got rid of her as quickly as possible no doubt the young lady s presence was very disagreeable to you on board of the added mr with a not at all sir but we intended to avoid a from the police i desired only to get the out of the sc as soon as possible you appear to have succeeded i suppose you had no interest whatever in the future of your passenger young america in italy and all who know anything about her hope she will be able to keep out of her guardian s way and that her	36
uncle will get her out of the power of the villain i think professor was as much interested in her as any of us though he would not say so did you send her on shore alone no sir i detailed o who speaks italian and is a very discreet officer to take charge of her and render any assistance she may need i have no doubt he will do all you required of him laughed mr i shall not expect to see o again for a week at least i say he will give a very liberal to his orders perhaps it would have been more proper if mr or dr had taken charge of her did not question the propriety of the suggestion but he was satisfied that s chances of escaping capture at the hands of were much better under the guidance of o than of either of the professors of the however his conduct was approved and he returned to his vessel when the arrived the next morning captain reported tliat he had heaved to off the of and sent the count di on shore in a boat did the count inform you in regard to his plans captain asked mr yes sir he was very nervous and excited while he was on board and studied the in the cabin nearly all the time replied the commander of the he was in time for the night train ia sunny shores or to where he must have arrived early day before yesterday morning he was quite sure that the friend of the lady s father would do anything to save her from the fate to which she was doomed the fate to which she was doomed interposed the principal laughing heartily from what novel did you take that expression captain from no novel sir replied the young commander blushing it was just the words used by the count di as nearly as i could his french into english go on captain he intended to start immediately with for the north the count was to go directly to to find the lady s uncle while the old gentleman went to to take care of her the count will probably be in this morning and ought to have reached last evening about eight o clock captain sent the lady on e yesterday afternoon at three o clock added the principal probably found her at one of the hotels the signal was flying on board of the ship for all hands to attend lecture and the boats from the other vessels of the were coming alongside has o returned asked mr as came on board from the captain s of the no sir i haven t heard from yet replied j italy and on consultation with the it was plain enough that v having arrived at five had made the first search foi tlie italian steamer was still at anchor in the port which indicated that had not yet been bj and the continued absence of o seemed to prove that he was fighting her battle for her but the present business of tlie students was in the where they all reported at the pipe of the ship s professor was in hia usual place near the with a large map of hung up where all the students could see it all the meetings of acquaintances attached to different vessels had taken place on deck and when the snapped hia bell his audience were as silent and solemn as though the occasion had been the sunday service young gentlemen i am happy to meet you together again the professor began as briefly as possible i shall give you such information as you need in regard to the people of proper are german and the name of the country in their language is which means eastern kingdom the french name is l the of which contains hardly more than a twentieth part of the territory of the empire was formerly a member of the of which its sovereigns were the but after the war of i from the union and lost its territory in it is a vast and powerful empire having two hundred and twenty six thousand square miles of territory or sunny shores or about five times as much as the state of nearly the whole of the empire lies between the of forty four and fifty one degrees of latitude is in the latitude of in that of st john new and in that of the mouth of the st or nearly two hundred miles north of north of are russia and germany east of it russia and turkey south of it turkey the and italy and on the west of it italy and the german kingdom of it has three principal mountain chains the in the west whose various have different names extend from through the to the the highest peaks of which are about twelve thousand feet the is a range seven hundred miles long reaching from near to the border of the empire and then extending w on the southern boundary where the breaks through at what is called the iron gate the highest points are between and eight thousand feet the mountains form the west boundary of while the and the range joining them to the form the northern all the western part of as you observe on the map is there are no extensive plains except the great basin of the in is abundantly supplied with large rivers the is the second river in length and importance in europe the being the first it is seventeen hundred miles in length and is young america in italy and from in to the black it is of immense value to the empire as a commercial highway from one end to the other of its territory many of the of the in and are for hundreds of miles there are many lakes in tlie largest	36
of which is or mud lake about fifty miles long the is a salt lake twenty miles in length in fifty miles from here is lake a very remarkable sheet of water which often itself by and fills again from the same sources as the rains raise the springs this country is rich in mines of all kinds gold silver copper and it has forty gold mines a bed of rock salt extends for hundreds of miles in which is worked at near the vegetable productions are quite as varied as the wheat is the gi eat and indian corn and rice are raised cotton is produced in will understand the value of the to the commerce of when i tell you that the of the empire to turkey exceed twenty five millions of dollars a year two thirds of the commerce of however is with germany the population of the empire is thirty six millions or about two and a half millions less than that of the united states of this number one fourth are ins one seventh or and more than a sixth are and the rest are poles c i and eleven i sun different tongues and races are represented among them two thirds of the people are roman eleven per cent are greek ten per cent nine per cent are or and three per cent are jews education until recently in a backward state has rapidly advanced in the last twenty years and at the present time the system of education is one of the best in europe parents are compelled to send their children to school between the ages of six and twelve the are the best educated while the people of the southern provinces have made the least progress formerly a is now a constitutional which occupied so large a portion of the territory of the empire is not ruled as a conquered country but is an independent kingdom having its separate constitution laws and parliament both have the same sovereign the same army and navy and these are really the only connection between the two the emperor must be crowned in that capacity in and as king of in there are ministers of foreign affairs war and for the whole empire but and have each its separate or cabinet certain matters which affect the welfare of both countries are controlled by a body called the this body is a parliament composed of sixty and sixty members twenty of each sixty form an upper and forty a lower house the two sit as long as they agree each upon young america in italy and the same measures but when they fail to agree the and come together in the same chamber and vote without discussion their d is then binding upon the whole empire the deal mainly with subjects relating to war and foreign affairs tiie or parliament of proper consists of two houses like that of england the upper house is composed of princes of the imperial family hereditary with large property and and distinguished men by the emperor the lower house consists of members elected by the provincial or who make the local laws of the provinces as do the states in our own country the parliament is similar the upper is called the house of the lower the house of representatives who are elected directly by the people but only those can vote who pay a direct tax of about four dollars a the present emperor of and king of is joseph l he is a of of when ii died in he had no son but was succeeded by his only daughter maria joseph i is her great great he was born in and married daughter of duke of he has two daughters and one son who is heir apparent and is now twelve years old the army consists of nearly three hundred thousand men on a peace footing and over eight hundred thousand on a war footing the navy has sun five and ten sailing vessels nine of the former being iron the navy like the army is by the sailors being drawn from the population but a great many by voluntary the money of has for its the or of one hundred new no silver or gold is in common circulation the being paper which is twenty five or thirty per cent for change a of ten twenty and thirty is in use a in is worth about forty nine cents of our money or two english shillings now young gentlemen we will pass in rapid review the history of the empire but i hope you will have the inclination and find the time to give it a thorough reading in the year of our era was divided into two parts known as the eastern and western eighty years later in the emperor of the was and the leader of one of the numerous barbarous nations that had the empire assumed the title of king of italy for a long time the emperor of the east claimed to govern the whole empire but the provinces of the west if they were not a i independent in name were nearly so in reality at length king charles i of france after he had extended his sway over a large portion of germany and italy and over north western spain visited rome and on christmas day in the year was crowned emperor of the west by pope iii so it is said that the roman empire of the west was restored at this time with charles the young america in italy and i great der as he is called in latin french and german as the first emperor before many years germany became the empire the holy roman empire of which i have before spoken to you and france been separated from it remained simply a kingdom this empire which the date from when	36
the empire of was broken up has continued though with many and great changes nearly down to our the history of begins with the restored le of the west under if you were to e a map representing europe at the of tl e e th century you find a strip of territory in n north of the called the spanish march er m italy named the italian march and on tl e you would find the eastern march in those days and long afterwards border lands that is to say marks or were governed by who received the title of or now in germany some distance east of the site of the present city of we the eastern march or mark as early as this country was also known as after drove the from it just before he was made emperor the name east mark or was translated into german as or literally eastern government and the name by a change of has come to be called in england and america in erected this sunny shores or into a about a century later it was conquered by of after became king of the greatness of had its origin in an event which place in the reign of this king ii this event was a war between and of the latter was the fifth count of or in german this word comes from or hawk s castle which was the residence of in the of in which he inherited with the other small possessions of a baron his domain was doubled in a few years by an advantageous marriage and by successful war his father had been a warrior of note and had been one of the favorite captains of ii emperor of germany s ambition was of a kind and his territory fame and power increased at such a rapid rate that he became one of the most noted men of his time in he was elected emperor of the holy roman empire this empire was made up at that period as it continued to be long afterwards o many states each of which had its own ruler and its independent laws but they were all held together by a common bond in order to protect each other from the prevailing rage of conquest some illustrious sovereign v as chosen by certain princes of the empire known by the title of to over their common the usually received the imperial crown at rome this was f gold while the german royal crown was of silver and that of used in crowning the emperor as king of italy was known as the iron young america in italy and crown of italy though often almost independent was considered a part of the holy roman empire nearly as long as this empire endured the emperor s position made him the great man of his time and when an emperor was to be elected there were generally several for the office when of was crowned king of and king of refused to acknowledge him war between and followed and after five years of the latter was killed and the former added to his domain a lai portion of the possessions of the king but it did not follow because was emperor that the territory acquired by him in war would belong to the empire over which he presided and not to him personally as the ruler of an individual state at his death a new emperor who might not be of the house of would be elected the therefore kept their possessions and continued to increase them as much as possible though at the beginning of the century they contained only twenty thousand square miles which being less in extent than the state of appears small to an american from the time of i the house of furnished a line of of the or of germany down to the year and during all this time the history of is closely connected with tiiat of the empire the were rarely of their own personal interests and the possessions continued to increase through all the numerous wars by the empire against sunny or christians and provinces were lost it is true but were gained and the gains exceeded the losses the capital increased in wealth and population until in s reign in the beginning of the sixteenth century became the great metropolis of arts and in germany the marriage of s son philip to daughter of queen of spain placed the house of on the throne of spain and the indies philip s son became king of spain as charles i in and v as elected emperor of germany on the death of his grandfather in as king of spain he was charles i and as emperor he was charles v and i hope will read his life by by our own which is in the ship s library henry of england and francis i of france had also been for the imperial throne the afraid of choosing too powerful a monarch lest he should become their master selected the wise of but this prince instead of accepting the high honor secured the election of the spanish king charles might indeed as was believed threaten the liberties of germany but he alone was able to defend europe from the charles master of spain and while he drew inexhaustible from the new world possessed power and an extent of more vast than any that europe had known since the days of while no prince of the time possessed a mind so profound and a purpose so resolute the house of seemed to have saved young america in italy and i europe from the only to it and reduce it to one great absolute the spanish was the best in europe the of the emperor were greater than those of any monarch before his time and events seemed to favor his dream of universal	36
empire he succeeded in taking away what of liberty had been left to the people of spain he made himself master of the italian which had given the earlier so much trouble and he reduced the pope to but hia wars with francis i and w ere not all so favorable to him when the former was exhausted the latter would come to his aid and charles found still another enemy in the league of germany the history of the begins with the reign of charles v and before he in the power was great enough to all his plans and drive him from his throne a disappointed monarch to the seclusion of a reading of the political events and the wars of the sixteenth century it appears like an age of ruin and it begins with the of italy by the troops of francis i and charles v and the frightful of by then come those terrible religious wars in which it was no longer a between but of city against city and man against man yet the arts of civilization improved amid these of battle the spirit of invention and discovery was active and commerce which had hitherto been confined to the in the hands of the league and to half a dozen cities shores or the was extended to all seas by the discoveries of de and their when commerce passed to the western nations of europe went with it and were especially active in the in charles v his hereditary in germany to l but retained the for himself by his marriage with anne sister of king of killed in acquired the kingdom of and with and but he had a rival for the throne of in john von elected to the crown by the national party who the aid of the under in the army appeared before the gates of the capital was saved but was permitted to retain half of with the royal title when charles v tired of the world retired to the in his brother then king of italy succeeded him during this reign and were definitely united to the empire from to s was the period of the religious strife known as the thirty years war this struggle all europe and the treaty of which closed the is one of the great of european history passing over the occasional wars of the german empire and the which followed the treaty the next great event in which was engaged was the war of the spanish succession from i oi to the emperor sided with ei land and holland against france america in italy and i wliich had become so powerful as to threaten the of other nations the object of war was to prevent the of louis xiv of france from being placed on the throne of spain though failing in their main object the emperor and his succeeded in the french power and thus rendering it less dangerous to the peace of europe in this war and prince won their famous in the territory had been increased by the addition of the and the of and its population more than twenty millions charles vi was not always fortunate in his wars and was forced to some of territory to spain to and to turkey his daughter maria was allowed to succeed him in his hereditary possessions by a change in the law of succession known as the sanction a kind of of the emperor making the line of descent in tlie absence of male in his daughters rather than in the sons of her brother maria was married to francis of grand duke of v ho in was elected emperor of germany since that time the royal family of has sometimes been called the house of it was during his reign that the great of made himself famous by his wars with and other powers between and tlie last of which was the seven years war though lost of her domain in her wars with she made a sunny shores or net gain by the of in and s in she took part the strife which grew out of the french revolution made a great change in the emperor ii was a brother of the beautiful queen of louis xvi who was in paris as was her husband their unhappy fate induced to form an alliance with against the french republic and this was the beginning of a series of wars between france and by the treaty of after napoleon s campaign of now under the of francis ii lost and the but received as compensation the greater part of the territory in after the battle of lost more territory and tlie became the western boundary of france napoleon was proclaimed emperor may t and on the same month was crowned king of italy at there were now two each claiming to be the of the western empire restored by but two years later s the german or holy roman empire was dissolved and francis ii took the title of francis i emperor of when the wars of napoleon i were over and the of europe were settled by the treaty of received and as her share of the spoils the holy alliance between russia and was formed in the same year for the purpose of watching over the affairs of and preventing the people from with political affairs whatever tended this alliance its influence did not continue for any great length of for in february s a revolution broke out in paris and soon spread to italy and and even and were for a time in a state of not without difficulty reduced italy to and by the ud of russia w as again brought under rule the next important event in history was the war of between the french and on the one side and the on the other after being beaten at and the emperor joseph was	36
of one of your vessels i suppose no sir the vessel in which she was a passenger was by a steamer on board of which were and his nephew by skilful management the captain of the avoided her and her in the gale yesterday arrived at before her she was landed with her servant in charge of an officer yesterday afternoon but where is she now asked the italian gentleman anxiously i am sorry to say i have no information in regard or to her the officer has not returned and i cannot find or him at any of the hotels s steamer is still at anchor in the port so i am confident he has not yet recovered his ward our young officers were veiy much interested in her case and i am sure that the one in charge of her will not permit her to fall into the hands of her guardian my friend and the count will doubtless arrive to morrow morning from and i hope we shall obtain some tidings of her before that time added while tlie students were exploring the city the principal and the spent the afternoon in searching for the fair fugitive they ascertained that and had taken rooms at the l but they had gone out in the morning and had not yet returned no information was obtained that day on sunday morning and the count arrived and with they visited the ship and the nothing had yet been heard from o but insisted that the lady was safe and that would never be able to recover her on monday morning at daylight the young america sailed with a fresh breeze for and at seven o clock the s ship s company took the train for the s people remained for four days longer and during this time as the subjects were written up mr called for the reading of them it was very evident after a few of them had given the required from their that not many of the students depended upon in italy and i i the merit of their subjects for tlie interest of their for many of them made desperate efforts to he funny their descriptions with poetry and far fetched on the desk of the new vice principal who was always expected to conduct general exercises were two card in one were the cards on which were printed al the names of the watch in the those of the port watch they were used in the being drawn singly from tlie pack to indicate the student who was to answer any given question these cards were used on the present occasion the name called was who was required to occupy the stand near the and taking the first of the topics which had been carefully assigned so as to prevent he read general view i stood in on the bridge of sighs tis played out now because the sent where the finds the market best is upon the in old la that poetry asked mr yes sir thank you i only asked for information go on the same idea expressed in prose is that was once a great commercial place hut has taken the wind out of its sails of course i refer to its of is the of the ancient who got the boundary lines of and other provinces so badly mixed up that napoleon had to it is the sunny shores or only of any consequence belonging to proper which made it proper for charles vi and his daughter maria to look out for the prosperity of the place which they did and its population has increased from four thousand to eighty five thousand since their time which is nothing like what has done it consists of an old town on a side hill with narrow streets and a new town with broad streets paved with stone and this section of the city is partly on land made from the sea and the the houses are of a stone and are handsome to look upon the city is supplied with water by an on the side of that will do said mr we have hardly time to attend to the water supply of the city ho added drawing a card the harbor and canal the water front of forms a from the south point of the city a sixty feet wide built on a of rocks extends twenty two hundred feet out into the sea on the end of which are a fort and light house by the aid of this vessels at anchor in the inner port are protected from all winds except those from the north west the harbor therefore is not first class at the other end of the and outside of the city is the new which is a big thing for it has a port walled in large enough for sixty vessels and the buildings within the walls which are twenty four feet high are large enough to accommodate two hundred persons when the plague prevailed in the east vessels from young in italy and there were taken into this port and so that one ship with the plague from could mix up its crew and passengers with another from having the small on in this way al hands had a good chance to have both diseases but the have grown reasonable on and the grass grows inside of the walls except in the salt water in the new town where it was easy to make a wide canal deep enough for ordinary vessels runs up into the heart of the city so that can be discharged and loaded at the very doors of the as in the of liverpool and london the des which is supposed to mean the s company has a fleet of seventy running to greece turkey egypt and elsewhere and makes a big business for the place the	36
himself up to a careful consideration of the situation of the he had undertaken to manage it was certain that no were yet on the track of the fair italian and that had no idea of the course which had taken hut it was almost as certain that as soon as the carriage which had conveyed her to returned to the police would obtain correct information in regard to her like a good general it was not only necessary to know what the enemy had done but also to decide w he intended to do would naturally conclude that if his ward had gone to in a carriage she intended to proceed by rail to and place herself under the protection of her uncle jf she meant to return to italy she would have gone t sunny shores or to where the railroad to that to the young officer was satisfied therefore that without waiting for the morning trains would hasten to by carriage and thus place himself upon the track of the fugitive undoubtedly when the train reached this place would be at the station provided with tickets for the fact that they had purchased tickets to the would be enough to the and he promptly determined to change the programme he had arranged with her it was now his purpose to return to and proceed by the first available train to or according to the time table with which he had provided himself the train from to reached just twenty minutes before he could arrive at this point this was unfortunate and compel him to return to by rail but the distance was only a dozen miles as the train approached o lowered the window in the door of the and prepared himself for prompt action fearful that might get upon the train before he saw her but it suddenly occurred to him that the express train from had not yet passed and his hopes ran high when the train stopped he did not wait for the to open the door of the but reaching through the window he raised the and opened it himself on the platform he found and where he had instructed them to be before he had time to speak to them the whistle young america in italy and of the express train was heard and in a moment more stopped at the station i am pleased to see you said witli emotion i feared that i should miss yon we liave not an instant to spare i have changed the plan replied o as he conducted the lady to the express train and asked the guard to give her a seat he procured three tickets himself for and joined her in the at the same moment the two trains started was much excited and was weeping violently when o seated himself opposite to her i am terrified said she sobbing do not be alarmed there is nothing to fear added o in the most soothing tones he could command why are we going this way she asked in trembling tones i have seen and talked with him i am sure he will come to this very night and i have changed the plan in order to him possibly the fair italian had some doubts in regard to the fidelity of her protector but she knew that was with her and he had been more the friend than the servant her father he would never desert her a id never suffer any harm to come to her if even his life could save her but where is she asked still trembling with emotion in he has called upon the police to aid l sunny shores or him and the coachman who drove you to will inform them in regard to you when comes to and that you procured tickets for he will go there by the morning train by that time you will be in but suppose he should discover at that i went the other way he will not be likely to do so it was all by good kick that this train happened to be late and the fact that no one spoke to lis me no one noticed which train we took what can i do in asked the trembling italian i have no friends there and i am sure the count di and will go to for me i will manage it for you in some way do not be disturbed by anything we have kept you out of the hands of your guardian thus far and we shall continue to do so have you any friends in the north of italy asked o none not even an acquaintance that i can think of she replied stop a moment interposed has a brother in but i never even saw him added no matter he will believe in his brother if not in you said o what is he i what does he do his name is he was unfortunate in business and his brother set him up as a hotel keeper in better still do you know the name of the hotel inquired o young america in italy and it is the o due torn it is the best in i went there once with my master the year before he died we will go there i am sure you will be welcomed the conversation was interrupted by the arrival of the train at where o purchased for there were but few passengers on the train and several empty he placed and in one while he disposed himself for a night s sleep in another early the next morning the arrived at where it was to change cars for and o was in to attend to his fair chaise at half past ten the at their destination taking the belonging to the due they soon reached the hotel i wish to see the landlord said o to the porter	36
who received them at the door soon appeared you have a brother in said the young officer confidently i have a brother but he is not in he lives in but has gone to o yes do you know my brother asked the landlord who seemed to be pleased to find a friend of no sir i do not do you happen to know the business which calls your brother to i had a letter from him yesterday in which he wrote that he was going to to look out for the of the daughter of a very dear friend sunny shores or added o the same i have the pleasure of you that the lady is now in your hotel is it possible exclaimed the landlord it is quite true now do you know anything about the affairs of this young lady only what my brother wrote to me he said her guardian was a and was doing some wrong to her precisely so her guardian to marry her to his nephew in order to steal the greater part of her fortune that was the name wrote that he should come to my hotel to see me if possible i hope he will but in the mean time js pursuing the young lady perhaps be will be able to trace her to i wish to place her under your protection with very great pleasure i will take charge of her replied the landlord and warmly you must not let get her away from you on any account he shall not you may be very sure but pardon me whom have i the honor to address o explained who and what he was and was presented to i knew your honored father very w ell he has been to my hotel and for s sake i loved him you shall be safe in my house no one take you from it young america in italy and i i felt that she had found a true friend and she was quite cheerful she o over and over again for what he had done and she fully appreciated the delicacy and kindly consideration with which he had conducted his mission in her behalf and the young left in the afternoon for and taking the steamer there at midnight was in the next morning sunny shores chapter xii watching the a h de i m glad to see you again i and you i knew you would be mr with a broad grin on his face the fact on t is these young gentlemen were just a little about on board and i came off to introduce em they certainly ought to be very much obliged to you sir replied mr my name is i m glad to see you mr added tlie principal extending his hand my name is i know it is mr and i only wish you had half as much respect for me as i have for you sir continued the american prince possibly i have seen you before mr your face looks familiar to me i had the honor to meet you at cape may when i wished i do half as much for my country as you are for it the fact on t is you ve got hold of the right end of this matter of my plan seems to please you please me that ain t no word for t s only one to make it young america in italy and indeed wliat is that well mr i want to set down and have a talk with you about that when you have plenty of time to spare i come off now to see you about these young gentlemen i believe that s wliat you call em here added the prince taking from his pockets the two letters of credit of the which he had retained as a pledge of their good intentions mr peaks called the principal to the big who was the deck in the waist i hope you won t be hard on the boys said the prince in a low tone i feel obliged to keep th m in a safe place our ship s company are going on shore i cannot trust them replied the principal here s a couple of documents i took to keep for added mr handing him the letters of credit i don t believe they can great ways without these peaks touched his cap to the principal who ordered him to commit the to the de and followed the without a word the american prince then related the circumstances under which he had met his late charge i hadn t no idea of with their business till thej took to i can t bear to see a young man goin to ruin that way protested mr i am very much obliged to you for the trouble you have taken and i assure you that you hai e done more for them than for me replied mr under the circumstances can t you let em up a little pleaded the prince i don t feel just right sunny shores or about em up though i did it for their own good i shall not permit them to go shore for the simple reason that i cannot trust them all hands are going on shore for a fortnight and as soon as they are gone the shall have the liberty of the ship that s all they deserve replied mr now can you give me half an hour mr conducted him to the main cabin where the prince told him all about his steam describing her and his unsatisfactory experience in marine matters the fact on t is i m sick of her and that steam s for sale he added with his broad laugh but i think you and mrs will soon become accustomed to the motion of the vessel at sea so that	36
you will not be sick no use mr she s an elephant on my hands but she s the one thing you need to make your school business perfect i don t we need a steamer now that i have this ship on my hands at one time i considered the matter of selling the america and building a steamer to take her place hut i abandoned the idea why so a steamer would increase the expense of the institution any corresponding benefit i should be obliged to employ a force of and coal in tlie first place we lie in port half the time or more when there would be little or young america in italy and no work for these people and very presence would be an annoyance to mo i have all the evils of and among the coal who are the lowest class of men in the second place tlie engine and occupy a large portion of the but my is more than double the of this ship and has times as much room for use argued mr no doubt your answer my purpose even better than the ship the coal and are under the of the chief engineer so that they would give you no trouble not a bit they are all under the top gallant away from the boys but mr you don t touch on the main vessels are goin out of fashion you are up these boys to be sailors and officers of vessels they ought to know about there their is neglected you are certainly right in that respect i have considered the subject in this light and if i could have found a steamer that suited me i should have purchased her in order to give the young men a proper idea of the management of steam vessels now s your time then mr you will never find another chance to get a steamer like but she is a very expensive vessel fitted up for a never mind that i like your and i want to do for my country in your line i ll sell to you for one half of what she cost me sunny shores or she would be very expensive even at that price but mr while i am very grateful to you for your consideration i do not need the steamer at the present time i have abundant room now for all the students the american prince pressed his point but mr was firm in bis pose not to increase the number of vessels in the they parted excellent friends when the watch went on shore to take the train for their excursion and mr was obliged to keep his elephant on his hands for a time longer the programme of the principal was carried out as it had been announced and on tuesday the port watch of the ship were employed in seeing the sights of the s s boats pulled up and down the grand much to the disgust of the but eveiy student was treated to an excursion in a through the minor of the city of their among the sights of this strange city we are to permit them to speak for themselves in accordance with the principal s plan o arrived at on monday morning he saw his ship at her but he felt that his mission was not yet accomplished and he hastened to the to ascertain what had become of and his nephew they had not been to the hotel since saturday night when they left in a carriage o was in doubt in regard to his next step he had no inclination to run a way or to go on a trip on his own hook but he was too much interested in the fate of to any step which in italy and l j might her future safety he had no doubt the guardian had gone to where he was probably at that time he decided to e some inquiries at the police office and then board of the to report what he had done it was still early in the and as he walked across the square he saw the young america standing out to sea he wondered what this meant but he would learn as soon as he went on board i beg your pardon said an elderly gentleman him in the street you belong to one of the academy ships i see by your uniform yes sir replied o may i which one the sir can you me whether anything has been heard from the j officer who landed with the lady on saturday asked the stranger anxiously there has not sir answered o wondering whether or not this was an employ of there is no letter or news from him they have had no news of him on board the you are a friend of i presume added o at a venture god forbid exclaimed the elderly gentleman fervently i am of the friend of the young lady i met mr on saturday ejaculated the young officer thin you are the for me i do you know me i know all about you i but i did not to see you in i am here to assist in protecting can you tell me where she is i can do that same i m sure you re what you say you are come with me to the h de la s uncle and the count di arrived yesterday from they walked to the hotel where had no difficulty in satisfying the careful officer that he was the person whom he represented himself to be and the count were called from their rooms and the conversation was carried on in italian looked with curious interest at the count and evidently regarded him as a very person because he was to be the future husband of the fair italian i am tlie officer who	36
was sent to take charge of said he and i can assure you she is safe he related everything that had landed and the means he had used to avoid i conducted her myself to and she is now at the hotel due kept by said he winding up with a flourish my brother i exclaimed precisely sir and he promised to protect her from everybody and everything he will do it i protested the brother but where is now young america in italy and probably he has gone to in search of answered o but he will be able to trace her to suggested the count nervously in time he will replied o i some attention ought to be given to him as her lawful guardian he her in spite of your brother said our young friend has the business veiy and we owe him many thinks i m satisfied if you only keep the young out of the hands of added o h u i you are brave and skilful o what should you advise us to do asked though i m an italian by birth i know nothing about the laws of italy replied tlie young gravely it seems to me that the first that ought to be done is to take the power out of the hands of such a villain as but while we are going to law and removing him from his position as guardian he will take to egypt and compel her to marry his miserable nephew said she is in italy now and subject to the laws of her own country it might take a month to remove from his office and perhaps longer no matter how long it takes it ought to be done persisted o this part of the business should be done at once i think he is right added emphatically and you shall be s in the future said l sun i am willing her father was my best friend replied is safe for the pi and i you ought to return to and do tlie business at once but as the nearest of kin of will have to appear suggested i must go also for my interest will help the case go both of you said o and she is in good hands the count and myself will put ourselves upon the track of and when we find him we will not lose sight of him replied the young officer if we find at any time that he is on the way to we will telegraph to your brother to remove her to or into by keeping an eye on we can advise your brother continually what to do and thus play the game without danger to her or any one else this plan was discussed at considerable length and was finally adopted the two elderly gentlemen were to take the steamer that night for while the count and o were to depart immediately for the young men had not a moment to spare and reached the station only in time to take the train in a couple of hours they reached their destination the s ship s company were on the same train hut from motives o kept out of sight he was much pleased with the young count who was not only a handsome man but a very sensible fellow on their arrival at the s party hastened to the while young america in italy and o and the count went to the principal hotel in search of who must have arrived the day before as neither of them had yet been to breakfast they decided to dispose of this important matter at the best hotel they seated themselves in the and while they were waiting for the they had ordered o told something about the plan of the academy in which the count manifested a deep interest as his new friend did not understand he spoke in italian he was too busy to notice who came into or went out of the room and he did not observe and his nephew when they took seats behind him you speak italian very well said suddenly stepping up to the table and speaking in the angry tones of a man who felt he had been deceived well i have the right to speak any language i please if i know how replied o more glad than sorry to see the enemy you said you couldn t speak italian growled no sir i said i did not and i don t when it does not suit me to do so count di exclaimed suddenly the officer s companion the count bowed but made no reply why are you here demanded because i choose to be here said the young italian coldly there was plainly nothing to be got out of the count and turned to o again l sunny shores or will you answer my questions demanded he sternly that will depend upon tlie questions answered the officer good have you seen i have and she is a beautiful girl are you the officer who landed with her if it wasn t i it was some one else or on the other hand if it wasn t somebody else it was i laughed o answer me sir where is she now she s a long way from here speak the truth where is she you must ask her and if she chooses to tell you she will how can i ask her when i don t know where she o you don t know where she is i do not will you answer me fm answering you all the time will you where is faith i will not replied o in english will you speak no the count laughed outright which roused the anger of so that he wanted to break something will you answer me or shall i send for the police said be furiously	36
send for the police by all means replied o in english and he refused to speak in any other tongue i italy and i s disgusted and angry retreated to the table where his meal was waiting for him to the situation o directed the waiter to bring his to another part of the room and changed his seat followed by the count i threw him off the track said he as they seated themselves at the table he has no idea where is he has not and you are a credit to the country that gave you birth replied the count laughing we have found the villain and he is ugly enough to be a as they say be was once you must be careful how you provoke him i m not afraid of him said o lightly he is sure i am the one who brought the lady on shore he knows she went to and he saw me take the train for this place on saturday night upon my word he must believe the lady is here i and seeing you here count he will be all the more sure of it let liim believe what he pleases but we shall have a very fine time of it laughed o while we are watching him he will be watching us each of us will be waiting for the other to go and we shall stay here till the end of time very good i will write to i at telling him how we are situated and when he has been appointed the guardian of he will let us know we shall not be obliged to stay here till we grow old i don t know much about law but it seems to me that must be heard by the court before he can be removed some notice must be served on him i should think certainly but if the officer leaves it at his house that will er the purpose he has an who will fight his battle for him i will suggest to that he had better send the notice to me and i will give it to that would wake him up if nothing else will why not give him a hint in regard to what to do perhaps that will induce him to return at once to it will do no harm he can be removed more quickly if he is present at the court than if absent and finished their breakfast and the former appeared to have cooled off both of them walked over to the table where o and the count were seated are you aware that i am the guardian of asked in a tone than he had used bo i don t dispute it replied o the count di knows it well you are now but you will not be much longer added the count what do you mean what i say i am s guardian persisted you are but the nearest of kin to is now on his way to where he to petition the courts to remove you from your office young america in italy and started back and looked at his nephew but he immediately recovered his self possession and evidently believed the information vas false he turned to o then and endeavored by threats and to induce him to reveal the hiding place of she is not in or even in he replied confidently but would not believe him though he spoke the truth as o had predicted both parties remained in watching each other was satisfied that he could only find by following the young men when they left he all the and the porter of the to inform him if they attempted to leave the young officer soon became uneasy under this enforced quiet and was really afraid the period of their stay might be indefinite he felt obliged to invent something for his own and the count s amusement one evening they decided to visit the which they had not yet seen they borrowed a quantity of extra clothing which the chill of the rendered necessary a close carriage was stationed in a by street for their use o satisfied that and were watching them as usual the count up in a and conducted him hastily out of the hotel by the only door at which could be obtained darting around the corner they reached the carriage and were driven rapidly away towards the railroad station had observed them and followed in hot pursuit evidently satisfied that the bundle of l sunny shores or ing was his fair ward it was about half an hour before the departure of the train for the driver as instructed urged his horses to best speed and in a few moments they reached the station of course could not keep up with tlie vehicle but he ascertained that it went to the railroad the two young men got out at the station and just as the train came in from they discovered their o allowed himself to be seen by the anxious guardian and even got into one of the cars but he was careful to get out on the other side the train departed and the practical then visited the on their return to the hotel they learned that and had actually departed during their absence a letter for the count had arrived which contained the summons for the guardian at half past nine the next morning while o and the count were at breakfast returned having satisfied himself tliat neither o nor the lady was on the train did you take the train last night he demanded of o very no sir we did not but i believe did laughed the young officer used some very hard italian words and then the count gave him t ie notice which was duly signed and sealed he turned pale and used more words he left again	36
in italy and we might have made better time by going on foot during tlie first part of the journey the scenery was wild and grand but it was so dark we did not see any of it we ran along the borders of the see or lake which is fifty miles long and eight or nine miles wide on its is the from which a steamer runs across the lake to the railway station the scenery is rather quiet and tame but pretty after passing the lake we came to a place but as scott had broken his jaw in trying to pronounce a word we did not attempt to speak this name we marched which means oven without getting burned crossed tlie bridge and put up at the von england tavern on the river where we had good rooms good feed and plenty of wine which none of us w ere allowed to drink though it was cheaper than water view of is the capital of and has a population of over two hundred thousand inhabitants is built on a flat sandy plain and has grown almost as fast as some of the cities of the west in the united states of course the city is ancient the had a colony there it was destroyed by the in it was and became the capital of after the of the the held the city for one hundred and sixty years when they were defeated and out in a second battle of the same name the shores or revolution of in figured so largely ended here and the retreating marched across the new bridge the first time it was used in s is a fine city and contains many large nd handsome public buildings indeed the is lined with them so that not many cities in the world present a finer appearance from its water approaches on the shore are the the national and the museum while on the hill on the side are tiie royal palace and the fortress this hill is the nearly five hundred feet high a is cut through it on a level with the lower part of the town through which with from the bridge may pass for the convenience of passengers going to the upper town an inclined railroad at an angle of nearly forty five degrees to the summit the cars on which are drawn up by wire ropes like an farther down the river is a hill called the nearly eight hundred feet high these heights afford a fine view of both cities its importance from the on the by this river and its extends to large part of the kingdom of in four different directions and will eventually reach every part of the country tlie steam company has an immense fleet of vessels which convey the produce of the kingdom to the black sea where it may be distributed to all the ports of the in italy and l hill near the or bridge is hill which is a mound of earth with a stone on the summit it is made of soil from every county of with a quantity from in where the were converted to christianity the emperor of has to come to to be crowned king of i was kind enough to leave his crown cloak and sword foi this and they are used at the he had so much religious zeal about a thousand years ago that they made a saint of him and now they call him st the king mounted on a magnificent horse wearing the crown and cloak of st and with the sword in his rides to the summit of the hill where he makes passes with the sword to the four points of the his intention to defend from enemies coming from any and all directions national museum this is a splendid edifice on the containing a very fine collection of specimens of the natural history of all the of the kingdom coal silver and gold are represented and the bones show that the used to live in if die fact of finding his skull and other bones there groves it this building cost half a million of dollars which is a good deal of money to spend on a building in a country where labor and material are cheap it is on the where most of the fine buildings of are thus the city to put its best foot forward it has a library of one hundred and twenty thousand volumes which is good for though it would not be a big thing in new york or boston the and the history of the country begin with st the are well worth looking at to any one who thinks they are lots of roman things have been dug up and are to be seen here the pictures by and by about ail the italian and old masters are first class people say but tlie by and the y thousand suited me better the old masters are nearly played out and it is about time to have some the field of this is a plain just out of town where the national assembly of tlie used to on horseback to attend to matters of diet the went out there on horseback and of course they must have met on horseback and as this exercise gave them a good appetite they were ready to attend to the diet the were armed to tlie teeth and as the business was a matter of diet they probably sharpened teeth the great appeared in young america in italy and church robes with and all hands were attended by big of so that one hundred thousand people were gathered there they lived in tents while the meeting of the lasted the use this plain for horse races and other sports when the turn out in the costume witli hats knee breeches top boots and	36
bob coats of red blue or green the bridge the and it is forty three feet above the usual water level so that the pass under it without the towers are nearly seven hundred feet apart which is about a hundred feet farther than in the bridge as the current of the river is seven or eight miles an hour it was no easy matter to lay the foundations of them but the english engineer built a dam of logs and after digging down eighteen feet below the bed of the river put in rocks weighing from twelve to twenty tons for the of the towers it cost about two and a half millions of dollars cheap enough it was opened for the retreat of s army and as he was pursued by sixty thousand soldiers with two hundred and seventy pieces of cannon the of cavalry and crossing at full gallop this was a sufficient test of its strength when our party went over it tlie wind blew almost a and the bridge swayed and trembled like the yard of the in a gale the had some original ideas of liberty one of which was that the sunny shores or should be from and taxes of all kinds and any man with a good coat on his back could pass the old bridge of boats without paying while and beggars had to plank the cash for crossing the law which everybody to pay toil on the new bridge was a blow at the law of but it was a step the royal palace at the upper town is something like the castle of or it is on a high rock with a palace and fortress on the top of it it is a strong place but it was captured by the under in and there is a very fine monument in the palace square in memory of the general and four hundred and eighteen soldiers whose names are upon it tliat perished in the there is nothing particular to be seen in the palace except the ci own and including the sword and cloak of st which are kept in an iron guarded by and can only be seen for three days before a they are cherished with the utmost veneration by the in carried off the crown and buried it near but it was recovered a few years later the bathing green the have and the had a weakness for my grandmother who been in rome thinks the have grown strong on this young america in italy and and are above the weakness of their the and the when they were settled in several hot springs which saved them the cost of coal for water for their was called by the this word means stove and they called it so either on account of these hot springs or because there were a great many lime here near the foot of the is an old round tumble down building of stone erected by the over one of these springs in the middle of it is a circular basin with only a walk around the outside of it which is filled with steaming hot water the temperature of the place heated by the water is high enough to make the perspiration start on the face of the visitor it is used only by poor people at the present day and men and women there in common we visited a steam bath carried on as a private which had two hundred or dressing rooms where a modified bath is given the is heated up by steam till he is nearly when he is with cold water with or with any sort of he may choose he is scratched rubbed cracked and scraped to his content and after he is dried he reads the newspaper or otherwise himself in a gradually temperature till he is cool enough to go out these are all the subjects given out for said the vice principal has any student anything more shores or i have something about the which is said to be the largest and military in tlie world i have ten lines about the in architecture which i thought was a very handsome building though it cost only a hundred thousand dollars a word about the only university which has two thousand students whose instruction is entirely free added some of us went to a concert saloon said where we drank coffee and no wine though it was only ten cents a bottle there was a as in a theatre where comic songs were sung and little plays acted which we could not understand but the music five and a was purely and very pleasing the played america for our benefit and we gave the a quarter i tried to make them play the star banner i whistled it for them but they had never heard it louis napoleon was with us who louis napoleon he was our guide and spoke five languages an american gentleman at die called him by this name and he was a first rate fellow i think you have done very well and now we will go up the river added mr up the it takes twenty four hours to go from to because the current is so swift and only twelve hours to go from to below america in italy and the country is flat though once in a while a big hill rises up where there does not seem to be any excuse for a hill the river is full of water mills which are rather interesting till one has seen a thousand or two of them a big wheel between two boats turned by the current the power and the farmers must go to mill in a boat sometimes the river out and where the branches come in it looks like a lake the big stream often up and forms a great	36
many islands one of which st is eighteen miles long the steamer in which we went was rather a small affair with a saloon on deck and a cabin below furnished with to sleep on instead of with beds meals were served at all hours in the saloon where the gentlemen ate and smoked at the same time though more than half of the passengers were ladies i suppose the were and had been brought up on smoke the boat stopped at all the large places we saw where a range of hills comes up to the river on both sides has a high elevation behind it on which there is a lot of towers with a broken wall connecting them with a single six on the bank of the river it was the residence of the kings of in old times but not much of it is now left the e are of good stories about it is a nest of and one of the strongest places in europe the inhabitants that it was never taken by an enemy and it successfully resisted the in in the is an island connected with both shores by bridges one of which is a bridge of boats through which the pass t sun is quite a lai e place with a hill on which stands the ruins of the royal palace where maria in when beset by enemies on all sides appealed to the she roused them to a frenzy and the diet her plenty of money helped her out of the scrape above the scenery has more variety and is something like the the castle of is built on a high rock at the point where a small river flows into the near it is a needle tower on the point of a rock called the s tower which is stealing the s thunder but it has its story the lord of the castle was in love with a lady as lords are apt to be and she was cast into a his could not stand this and watching his chances carried her off to the castle this was his strong place was surrounded and in danger of being carried when the lovers seeing they had no chance for pardon or escape made their way to the tower and there from its summit locked in each other s arms pitched themselves into the which made the matter all right i could not ascertain the color of the lady s eyes and hair has a big hill behind it with a fort on it at the foot of the hill is the tobacco which a thousand hands the great was born near this town and his father was a poor wheel just before we came to we passed an island where napoleon with one hundred and eighty thousand men was up by the in but he soon left it and whipped his foes very thoroughly in the battle of only a america in italy and few miles from tlie capital our steamer ran up to an island and made fast to a tree where we were transferred to a smaller boat and were taken up to the city by the canal a porter to show the way we marched along the canal to the hotel lieutenant was the only one of our party who could pronounce the name though mr scott nearly choked himself to death in trying to do so the critics were allowed half an hour to perform their office and mr declared tliat there was a want of dignity in some parts of the composition adding that it was not proper to attempt to be funny over a grave subject but there were not many of the students who had not in this direction and they were very sorry that scott had not been called sunny shores chapter xiv topics at noon the sailing in the form of a as usual was out of sight of land on the blue a few small vessels with their sails were in sight but the breeze was gentle and the scene remarkably quiet in the afternoon the port watch continued the reading of the journals in the general view of i took my general view of the city from the spire of st s cathedral and a very fine view it is too looking to the south and west the country is and the city lies at the foot of mount five hundred and twenty two feet high from which a sloping plain extends to the river is two miles from the it would have been more convenient if the great river had taken its course close to the city but i suppose the thought the ground on the river was too soft to build a city on and from what i have seen i think they were quite right still it would have been a very great convenience to those engaged in commerce and to travellers generally if the city had been placed on the young america in italy and where the could land their passengers and on the i do not propose to correct this defect but to take things as they are as a partial for the blunder of the a stream called the canal flows from the city to the river and is for small craft the river is a dirty little stream which runs through the city into the canal was originally a small walled town with a deep moat and feet high this old city exists to day with st right in the middle of it most of the streets are narrow and crooked but all the finest shops are in this part of the city the old town is on one by the canal and on another by the little river these streams forming the moat as far as they extended the old city is called par excellence the and as	36
the of the emperor is called in by a decree of the sovereign the which surrounded the ancient town were to the ground the moat was filled up and a new called the was laid out upon the land occupied by them which is now one of the finest streets in europe as this space belonged to the government a considerable portion of it was devoted to gardens and as the city park the people s garden the parade ground and the garden on or near this beautiful street are some of the finest public buildings in the city including the museum the and the new opera house a horse railroad in the the old city outside of which are thirty five included in nine districts most of the principal sunny shores or streets from the which being crossed by other avenues the city look like a s web the is the big park outside of the city which has a broad avenue extending through it where in tlie summer all the fine may be seen towards evening but the mud was a foot deep in the on the day i went there it contains plenty of beer gardens show and play grounds it is the central park of but don t compare with ours in new york without the ghost of a doubt is one of the finest cities of europe and i would rather live there than in any place i know of out of the hearing of the screams of the american eagle the people are nice and mind their own business they don t stare at you they are fond of eating and have a talent for knowing where the best are to be found they drink beef enough every day to float our but they don t get drunk at least i never saw any of them the population is eight and twenty five thousand and they enjoy life is a and city and its work men are remarkably skilful they make the pipes to be found anywhere and th e article can be bought cheap in the the people give considerable attention to them st s cathedral this is a big church begun in it is three hundred and thirty three feet long and two hundred and two wide the spire is very high and very handsome it is all the way from three hundred and in italy and s to three hundred and fifty feet high according to the book you get the figures from inside it looks like almost all the old i have seen it is as grand as anything need be it contains the of of ii and iv i went np five hundred and thirty three steps and then by a ladder to the top half way up is a fire bell where men are stationed night and day to look out for fires the direction of which they indicate by a red flag in the and a lantern at night farther up is a stone seat which was occupied in by count the governor of while watching the battle with the when they were used up by john and the duke of an inscription above the stone gives this information in this spire is a bell cast from the cannon taken from the on this pleasant occasion which over seventeen tons at the top i had a fine view but such a up stairs to obtain it st s church this church is near the imperial palace and contains s the tomb of the which is a very remarkable work as strange as it is touching the figures are life size the represents the open tomb with two broad steps in front of it ascending them is the figure of virtue ng an urn containing the of the to their last resting place two little girls carry to light the dark tomb behind them is benevolence helping a tattered and old man whose limbs seem to shake and whose face o shores ok expresses the grief a child with head bent down and hands clasped is the very picture of sorrow on the side is a lion whose drooping form and melancholy expression reminded me of the hon of on a the open vault was the of the deceased the more i looked at this the more effective it seemed to me other fine monuments are to be seen in the same chapel hut the great sight in the place is seen hy looking through a little barred window into a kind of closet where upon shelves are arranged tbe silver containing tbe hearts of the deceased members of the royal family in one of these was the heart of maria in another that of napoleon s son it a strange sight and i had a hearty appreciation of its the church of the grant this church was built by ii in in a vault under it is die burial place of the imperial family it contains about seventy metal a brother with a torch in his hand showed us through the place and told us to whom the belonged the oldest was that of who died in the coffin of joseph i is of pure silver those of francis and maria are together and occupy the most conspicuous place in the vault in the corner near them is the plain of the who was the of maria and her imperial mistress liked her well enough to give her in the last resting place of tlie after the death of her husband maria visited italy and so the vault every friday for thirteen years to pray and at the t de of liis coffin at the other end of tie is a copper coffin with a raised cross po t o tt n g the remains of the young duke de re c the son of napoleon i the napoleon ii f tl e can d	36
nasty not far from it is the of the emperor the st buried in the vault on it was laid a faded flowers said to have been placed there by poor l his wife i considered the visit to this tomb as a great event the idea of looking upon the very of the dead of getting even so to what is left of them produced a decided sensation in my mind i should not want strangers through the tomb of my friends and if i were the emperor i would have that place locked up and permit no one to go into it except when it was opened for a funeral however i was very glad to see the show as i should liave been to eat a with f himself but that is no reason why i should have tlie chance churches the church of st charles is a handsome building with an imposing dome it has two towers one on each side of the front rising from the pavement outside w hich attract attention to it from a distance and remind one who has been in the east of the of a the church of our is a magnificent structure in fact one of the i ever saw it ia called the church because it was built as a shores or memorial of the escape of the present emperor from death at the hands of an who attempted to him in it cost six hundred thousand dollars which was all raised by i did not go to any more churches in the palace scott the palace consists of a lot of old buildings knocked together as though a travelling earthquake had done the job the must have been troubled with even the front of it facing the looks all ways for sunday the the oldest part was done in which was before i can remember it looks we went into the imperial library first and looked at the backs of the two hundred and seventy thousand books but couldn t stop to read any of them especially the and ones a part of the manuscript of is here but i wished had not done it s book in gold letters was twice as good as a new one but i didn t know that was a singer before some painted on deer skin which was kind enough to present to charles v were read with intense interest by those of the party who were up to this sort of thing there was any quantity of old and specimens of the first books printed the collection of which numbers three hundred thousand is said to be extremely rich i thought some of them were very rich they were as old and ugly as and could make them i shouldn t want to young america in italy and o hang them up in my house for fear they would scare old cat the old masters don t suit me as well as the new ones we next went into the that s what they call it in speaking it first then twice the name was the worst part of it it means jewel office it contained some queer jewels the of was taken from his grave at la and was used at the of the german for centuries which made it a grave the holy spear and nails of the cross these are genuine they must have a nail mill somewhere in europe to make this sort of nails it must do a business a tooth of st john the ben said he could see the and wild honey sticking to it i couldn t see it perhaps st john the used a a piece of the true cross i no doubt of this a portion of the table cloth used at the last supper in excellent condition considering its great age i wept when i looked at this sacred and realized that it lad been borne along the ages for over eighteen down to my time there were crowns robes and other enough to fit out a dozen new those of napoleon worn by him at he was crowned king of were inter sting to any one who had read life of nap for it made it seem sort of real but as the stones in crown are all false i had some painful the of the there is half or so of diamonds and other precious in is museum which belong to the government they or form a good but as no beggars are to be seen in i don t think that visitors have any right to the swords of l charles v and francis i of france are interesting to upon more so than to have thorn into one s lungs the cradle of the king of rome v ho was never king of anything is of silver gilt and was presented to the son of his father by the citizens of paris silver gilt is rather mean for the only son of napoleon the great it ought to have been of solid gold though i suppose the infant king would not have slept any better in it specimens of eggs were curious they were laid by v makers and thick enough to be good time they look as much like as eggs vulgar people sometimes call a watch a but this is and we should all frown upon it is naughty to use it the imperial riding school is literally a big thing so big that it is often used for court and have been given in it with nine hundred the imperial coach house we were in formed by our intelligent guide contained the we thanked him for the information the are about the same as other royal and one has seen a collection of them he not b willing to walk ten miles to see another	36
the i it a used by maria or the when frozen over is not a coach is in the coach house it is rather a jolly affair am i know a lot of girls on the other side of the who could have a first rate time in it under circumstances the imperial stables have f america in italy and our hundred horses but some of them were occupied y the horses in the imperial stables are for drawing the in the imperial they don t use any of them on tip carts the and were in resting to the professors the gold of three and sixty would have been more in my pocket on the whole the imperial is full of treasures and if i were going to live ut the rest of my days in i should go there gain before i died the imperial and town bond the near the palace con ins several things it is two thousand feet one way six hundred feet the other and is big enough to old lots of things they make and keep war in it guns swords and pistols are in the upper rooms so as to as in the tower of london ms of all ages and countries are to be seen and the of eight thousand links which the across the at to stop the of the river is on the walls the ff coat of in which he was lied and the of a great many men are shown here together with all the and flags captured by them the green of taken in the great battle gained john is worth the town is not in the palace it contains a great many of war among sunny shores or them the great red standard taken from the ii the defence of in by the duke of los the most cheerful sight is the head of who commanded the in the tion against the city he failed and was for not doing what j c all the way to prevent him from doing they dug up when was taken and now his timid out of countenance palace this palace consists of two buildings the and the lower the former on the t ie latter on the top of a gentle eminence with a laid garden between them the upper contains the imperial picture gallery which one of the finest in europe all the old masters ai the schools of painting are represented w walked through all the dozen rooms but one must i an artist to be able to appreciate all of the though some of them like s of tt thousand the attention even our party gave most of their to t collection in the lower looked the egyptian museum first but v had al seen plenty of before and it is r equal to the one at the museum so called after the castle in the where it w first kept seven rooms three of which a devoted wholly to ancient said to be the bt collection in europe and of course then in the among the most noted suits are those of don john young america in italy a and philip ii of spain the most elaborate ind elegant is that of alexander duke of the of comes nearer home to us the fourth room contains portraits of men the fifth a collection of natural objects and works of art including the head and horns of a grown into a tree so that only the ends of the can be seen the sixth a vast exhibition of cups made of precious stones and plate of elegant and the seventh contains dresses from all countries but these are packed away to keep the from destroying them the picture galleries of prince count count and baron are worthy of a visit from those who love pictures the savage this garden is on the and is always pen to the public the vast space in front of the r palace bounded on three sides by die new nearly in the shape of half a three gardens all open to the people the t is a favorite resort in a building in of the temple of is s group of killing a which on contracted for to adorn the arch of the it but it fell into the hands of the ind the temple was constructed expressly to receive it n immense a multitude of people ith beer coffee and a supper in warm weather a le of fifty or sixty plays ia this sunny shores or garden when a small admission fee is tlie best people in frequent the place for the music is of the highest order and under the direction twice a week of a brother of the great two miles from is the summer residence of the emperor the place is reached by an in which are two ward one for though in germany men smoke wherever they please we passed through the palace into the garden in the rear it is really a park or garden from a point in the rear of the great building several avenues each with trees or hedges fifty or sixty feet high trimmed into square boxes the grounds are ornamented with statues fountains fish at the head of one of the avenues are a fountain and an of another a roman ruin the or beautiful fountain after which die place is named is with the statue of a rising above the plain is a considerable hill on the summit of which commanding a fine view of the city and surrounding country is the a temple with a of pillars its high position gives it an imposing effect connected with the grounds are the and gardens which are equal to anything in europe the palace was finished by maria napoleon when he had business in in lived here and a	36
whose name was she defeated a german lover in battle and drowned herself in the which partly the city because her patriotism would not allow her to marry bim but the books say that all these persons are and so of course the german did not court by fighting a battle with her and did not drown herself after winning the victory girls as a rule don t do such things hi was the last king who a court here and this was in but the royal and treasures were kept here till the castle is now a and is hardly worth going into the cathedral next door to the castle is the lion of tlie sights it was built about eight hundred years ago and is old enough therefore to suit tire it is the westminster of and contains the and ashes of her most renowned kings and mighty men st was the patron saint of and his shrine is in the of this church his coffin is of solid silver borne on the shoulders of four angels the altar and statues near the shrine are also of silver i do not know the value of these articles but in a city where there are so many miserably poor people it is a great pity to lose the interest on so much unused capital tjie kings were crowned in front of the high and tlie chair is still preserved around the sunny shores or church are sixteen many of which contain monuments to the kings in the pavement of the is a heavy trap door the opening of revealed a flight of steps leading down into a dark and gloomy vault provided candles to enable us to find our way we descended and entering the small we stood in the midst of the in which the dust of tlie polish kings i looked upon the of john on which were placed his crown and sword john the of who died in i and i was gazing on his remains one hundred and seventy four years afterwards i was awed and thrilled by these thoughts the of joseph who fought and was drowned at the battle of in is in this vault and so is that of who not only fought for but for the liberty of america before me was the dust of him who fought in the revolution with washington and gates i i was deeply impressed and my thoughts went back to and west point leaving this gloomy vault so filled with the memories of the past we went to the where a priest in robes showed us the royal we looked with wondering astonishment at the golden crowns and the and the gorgeous robes of kings and sparkling with diamonds and and literally covered some of with pearls the treasure was immense and i could not thinking again of the wretched half starved people who thronged the city and of the general which within its walls the salt mines of i have at home a copy of s geography which my father used when he went to school it was published in it contains a view of the salt mines of in which five buildings appear in a lighted by lamps on the walls there are at work with the text says was formerly an independent kingdom and was celebrated for the salt mines of which contain whole villages of it was divided in between and russia i have been through the mines but i have not seen the villages it used to be said too that people wore born and died in the mines without ever seeing the light of day but nobody lives in the mines the workmen reside in the town and go up and down every day these salt were discovered in the year and have been worked since that time the salt bed is about two miles long by about three quarters of a mile in width it at two hundred feet below the surface of the ground i have been trying to ascertain its depth and find it given at various figures by eight different writers s guide book has it only four hundred and fifty feet s seventeen hundred and feet j six hundred and twenty feet below the level of the sea nine hundred feet chambers seven hundred and forty and the new american one thousand and twenty feet the average is about a thousand feet and this i conclude is really the depth of the bed it produces fifty five sunny shores or tons of salt a year yielding a of one million dollars to the government some of the officers went out to in a carriage but most of the party took the train on the road we saw plenty of loaded with salt on their way to the city it was in blocks about as big as a man s head and was of a dark green color we often met a peasant party in a rude wagon with one horse at the side of a pole with six or eight poles in the vehicle we saw farmers in the field and the was always fastened to a pair of wheels the houses were very mean and the people looked as the old book had it and ignorant i don t take much stock in polish independence now permission to visit the mine is obtained from the and there is considerable red to be measured off before the party can commence the descent as at the extent of the illumination depends upon the liberality of the visitor we were attended by a dozen lamp boys who the way and several guides who spoke german each of us was provided with a long brown a kind of green cap and a walking stick the lamps carried by the boys were something like s in the story it was a sort of pan suspended	36
a good time but those that shoot re supposed to drink beer and perhaps are laid out n a when they drink too much beer beer is ad for boys j principal some of le buildings in are very old and some are ery new so new in fact that some of them are o t done yet i saw them building one it is fun to s e them build a house in they have a thing sunny shores or like a chain pump to the bricks with puts two bricks in each little box on the chain another one takes the bricks off as they come up to the top the women don t put bricks in their hats they don t wear hats women carry the too only it is not a but a tub which they on their backs they don t go up but inclined they did not look like elegant and refined women if i were old enough and wanted to get married very had i should not want to take a female of these women are not allowed to vote only to carry the the beer at the is about the color of p the old buildings in the are very old the city was started in before i was born there are plenty of odd looking old towers statues watch towers powder towers and bridge towers there is really a great deal that is worth seeing in some of the streets in the new city are as broad and handsome as some in the old city are narrow and ugly the lamp posts have clusters of on each from three to six in number they handsome for lamp posts has a jews quarter which is particular vile dirty and crooked but a great many dirty live there and a great many clean respectable and honest jews live in other parts of the city the jews have had a soft thing compared with the condition of the race in some other cities for they have been honored and respected even by the government when the and the were taken b j the in the citizens made an heroic d v young america in italy and i fence and saved the rest of the city the jews turned out and fought bravely for this patriotic conduct certain privileges were conferred upon them and iii gave them an immense banner which is preserved in the old the people of speak the language which is an odd fact a great many of them also speak german is spoken mostly by i out a sign in the street it was i don t know what it means the names of tlie streets me are plenty in is suggestive so is when i bought a stick of at mr s shop in i did not feel obliged to pronounce his name sunny shores or chapter xvi and the t charles bridge his is a very remarkable bridge begun in the e of charles iv in and as the work i several times injured by it was not finished till it is composed of arches built remarkably strong so it has resisted the floods of three hundred years there is a remarkably picturesque tower at each end as wide as the bridge itself with an arch through which all and folks must pass this bridge is remarkable for having twenty eight statues fourteen on each side the most remarkable of which is the bronze statue of st john this saint was pitched into the river and drowned by order of king iv in s because he would not tell what the queen had said to him at confession st j was a remarkably man the place on the bridge where he went over is marked by five stars in the shape of a which is supposed to look like a remarkable flame of fire of supernatural origin which was seen three days after st j went under over the place where his body lay it was a remarkable blaze because it would not go out and because it did not burn the young america in italy and river up it kept on blazing in a most remarkable manner till folks were compelled to look into the matter and dragging the river the body was recovered about five hundred and fifty years after this remarkable event sl j was made a saint his body was placed in a remarkable silver shrine and planted in the cathedral where i had the pleasure of seeing the silver but not the body from this remarkable circumstance st j is the patron saint of bridges for the catholic world in general and his festival is celebrated every year on the th of june when a is built over his statue on the bridge twenty four priests perform mass for several days to accommodate the crowd and eighty four thousand people come as pious to from all and the surrounding countries the bridge and every street near it are blocked up with people and folks have to cross the river in boats the is a very remarkable bridge and j was a very remarkable patron saint of bridges your composition is remarkably full of of the word remarkable said mr and i recommend you to make it less remarkable by striking out all the except one or two thank you sir i am remarkably willing to do so replied the student the in means a castle and with the it means the palace of the kings building on a high hill behind which shores or are other high hills i did not count the rooms but there are said to be four hundred and forty of them the ex emperor of uncle of the present emperor who in s s in the castle his apartments are not shown and the others are like those to be seen in all	36
palaces the three old towers were used as state the government used to execute the prisoners and then try them they contain deep under ground without doors or windows the victims being let down by a rope they used the or iron maiden it looks something like a case or an trunk with the head of a woman attached to it it stands up like a female the body of it answering for her dress open the pair of doors and the back of the inside is rounded so that the form of a man just fits into it it is placed over a trap door leading down some deeper the two doors are armed with long sharp iron two of which correspond to the position of the eyes and a dozen more to the breast of tlie victim he is thrust into the case and as the doors are closed and crowded in by a brace the penetrate the eyes and the breast of the sufferer it must kill him quick the doors and the trap are opened the body falls into the abyss below the machine is not a cheerful thing to look upon the emperor of germany was also king of in was a good catholic he did not like j and the of and when some were presented by his imperial who had drawn them up attended by their secretary the young america in italy and in the council chamber of the palace kicked them out the window they struck on the ground eighty feet below the window where two stones with the arms of the carved upon mark tlie spot they were not much hurt and all recovered from the fall this was the beginning of the thirty years war which lasted some time the excused their conduct by saying that it was an ancient custom of their country to treat in this way tlie secretary to his for falling upon them and by a solemn imperial joke was consoled by being made a noble under the title of if von which i suppose means count it ought to have been the it is also called the church of st and was begun in because it had st dance and shook itself almost to pieces the choir and one tower are all that was ever finished of it the tower was five hundred and six feet high the highest in europe but after the fire in it was reduced a couple of hundred feet in the are buried a number of there are plenty of pictures the silver shrine of st john is one of the richest pieces of church furniture in the world over a ton and a half of silver was used in it including the four angels which seem to float in the air at the corners of the the most precious of this saint is his tongue in per condition enclosed in a case in the wall in the sunny shores or of the church are the swords of st and st of a piece of the virgin s pocket handkerchief a piece of the table cloth used at the last supper which of course is of the same material as that of the fragment in two thorns from christ s crown with nails and parts of the true cross specimen bones from the of and jacob one of the palm branches used when christ entered and many other and relics in tlie are the of several of the who sent them here probably when they had no further use for them the the rev j preached in this church which was built in and enlarged in the rev j as a very earnest preacher and preached what he believed rather than what was the prevailing belief of his time and in consequence of tliis singular obstinacy on his part he and of were burned at the stake in the church faces a square and has two curious adorned with four at the corners and four more half way up the in s the st the sovereign who was the first christian ruler of had a chapel near the site of this church her palace was quite near it and by a connection between the two buildings she secretly entered her place of worship in means secret whence the name of the present church it contains the tomb of in italy and the in in one of tlie a coffin was found containing the heads of twelve leaders executed in which were displayed at the bridge gate as a warning to ol and which a citizen had secretly placed here they are valuable heads now the church contains many pictures of great men and relics the town hall and clock the tower is four hundred years old but the building was about twenty years ago the town council used to meet here in times and from its windows the mob according to the pretty custom of pitched the magistrate out the window upon the of their companions in the street on the front of the town hall is the clock made in it went to ruin and was sold for old iron in but was luckily saved from destruction in it was repaired by voluntary contribution and is now one of the of the dial shows the figures from i to xxiv as did the ancient of italy it gives all kinds of information and is in fact a mechanical over the dial are a couple of little doors tlie clock strikes the hours these doors open and the twelve march out at one and disappear by the other death a little bell for one of them who shakes his head slowly to indicate that he is not ready the old and burial ground tradition says that the jews established them in before the destruction of sunny shores or and carried on business as slave buying and	36
selling the taken in war by the as i was not there i cannot say how true this may be but the books declare that the jews were there at the foundation of which was about twelve hundred years ago as elsewhere they were fearfully persecuted robbed and but they helped the christians to fight against the and thus did a good thing for as well as for their city the is near the river and is packed with poor people not all of whom however are children of the streets are dirty and narrow the houses low and mean in the jews hold on fo their own customs and institutions stronger than in most parts of europe they have a town hall and and manage all the affairs of their own under privileges conferred upon them by the for the valuable services rendered by them they have five and several schools the old is small but a very old structure and is the only one known says it was built about but some of the jews say it is the oldest temple in europe having been founded by the first after its destruction others think it was started in the century it is supposed to have been destroyed or buried in the ruins by the great fire in and when the remains of it were discovered it was the inside is very gloomy dingy and misty and is filled with treasures and the great banner presented to the by is suspended from the ceiling young america in italy and and reaches across the apartment not far from the is the alter or old burial it is filled as full as it can be with graves marked by stones and monuments of another age it makes one feel to walk through it but it is as full of interest as it is of graves as to its age all sorts of stories are told and one of the is that of the wife of a bearing date a d many celebrated were buried here low was a contemporary with and thirty five of his pupils lie near him at their own request on some of the stones are engraved the symbol of the tribe to which they belonged a being that of and two hands of we noticed on many of the monuments little piles of small stones which we were told were placed there as tokens of affection and esteem by the descendants of the dead some old twisted half decayed trees add to the gloomy and antique character of the place all the children were buried together in a spot enclosed by a wall the palace jones in they call him count he was the of the thirty years war he was a proud man and as stubborn as mr grant his enemies him just as the do nowadays and the emperor dismissed him from his command he pretended to be as humble as then he built this palace and lived with as pomp as though he had been a king one sunny shores oa hundred houses were pulled down to make room for his garden and court yard three hundred horses stood in his stables eating out of marble six and six knights waited in his chamber sixty armed soldiers were kept in another room and the outside of his estate sixty pages of noble blood waited upon him when he went from home fifty carriages were needed for himself and his attendants and as many to convey his baggage and furniture his were over four million dollars a year which were equal to three or four times as much in our day he was fond of an believed in it he had an to watch the stars from and kept an italian in whose he placed reliance his palace is a queer old place his back room is fitted up with of a hall with three high arches opening into the garden is adorned with of the war near it in a small room is the stuffed skin of the horse the count rode in the great battle of he was in and all his property though it has since been restored to his descendants and wrote plays on the events of s life the of saint elizabeth one of the g i experienced in was on y h it was founded in by c f as a hospital for sick m d ft w ds turned into a since i h i great for such n tl n y two years or young america in italy and i trial if they don t like it they may leave if they do like it they take the veil and cannot leave afterwards three of us visited the institution with the we were shown through it by a and rather good looking who said almost nothing but smiled as sweetly as though she had been one of the saints and i am not sure she was not one she was a real live and a good looking one at that of course she was not one of that class who take the black veil and never see any again except through the bars of a window i am afraid i looked at her more than i did at the objects she pointed out to us but i am bound to add that she did not look at me or either of the good looking fellows with me when she spoke at all she smiled and looked away from us she had evidently taught herself to do so no could her for she would not look at him and out of my own home i never respected a woman so much before she conducted us through the halls into the beautiful little chapel which contains some pictures finally she took us into one of the rooms of the hospital for women where a number of were lying on	36
their o r sitting up by the side of them attended by several sisters who did not flatter our even a glance on us they minded their own business and were evidently to the of in any shape the have the entire of the establishment and three of them e regularly educated doctors of medicine though have an board of male of sunny shores or the city everything was neat nice am orderly about tlie establishment our guide hinted that it was the custom of visitors to give sister something which was applied to the uses of th we were deeply impressed with the ter of the institution and made up a purse of which i gave to her she smiled again with a but did not at me though i had given her five times as much a parties usually dispense at leaving sick women ar taken care of in this hospital free of expense am without regard to and jews are all the same to the if they are sick and need their services others may read anything they desire now has not already been presented said the vice at the hotel stern the gentlemen dinner table while the ladies are still at one time had thirty thousand students in i glass is a in which may be had in the at the of mr a with horse costs thirty five cents an hour a wit two horses fifty cents the is all wide an no deep but little made excursions on it i summer has some of the finest europe and there are many public gardens music and dancing are the order of the halls take place nearly eveiy sunday young america in italy and z the new e has one hundred and five towers the monuments to francis i iv and are very fine the last the great general standing on a shield supported by nine soldiers of all arms to brown from we went to which is on the road to from there by a slow train to and thence to we changed cars twice and waited till patience was no virtue is the capital of upper is beautifully situated on the and contains thirty thousand inhabitants being near the frontier it is strongly fortified it has a ring of thirty two around it connected by covered ways the town is in the midst of a beautiful country the women are said to be very beautiful bnt i could not see it they wear hi head dress of gold shaped something a to baker we left at twenty minutes past two and arrived at at twenty minutes of eight in tlie evening the journey is through a and picturesque region castles and are seen on lofty and the road for a good part of the way is n banks of the and the which are streams shores or this is a town of about twenty thousand and is the capital of tlie province of the river is a mountain which seems to cut its way at this point through some steep and lofty hills at the foot of which the is built on one of these heights is an old the place like those in ant and was built in the century if has a splendid torture room with a beautiful rack and some cheerful is another rocky height or properly a of the one on which the castle stands it is prettily laid as a garden and commands a view through this rock is a over four him feet long on the other side of the river is another high hill on which is a summer residence of the emperor and a coming down from the heights which are the glory of thi place the town has an old cathedral wa born in and we saw the house in the thin story of which he first saw the light of day a statue of the great is set up in the e a of bells near it plays twelve different airs one for each month in the year some of them b we made an excursion to the lakes and sailed upon them in boats rowed by women pulled like any other the scenery was a hung out the day we went and it was very grant the mountains around us rising to the height of ti feet and some inches the young america in italy and is noted for its water works and gardens it has plenty of fountains and statues and a of a town with moving figures the machinery of which is hy water to lane the route is through and our bags were examined by the custom house officers at and they did not find anything is in the and has an old frontier fortress which is on the top of a high rock reached by only one steep road provisions and stores have to he hoisted up the railroad follows the river inn up the valley this country is full of salt mines that at near is much visited but we did not go there because we were salt enough there are salt works at where they make the article from i have been in and i think the scenery around and in the quite equal to an t i saw there we reached at three o clock in the afternoon and having dined at we went to work on the sights at once is the capital of and has fourteen thousand inhabitants the people are very loyal now though they have fought hard in times past for liberty for in when the ex emperor paid the town a visit they got up a novel exhibition to testify their respect on the side of the mountain for five miles they arranged so as to form the sunny shores letters of his name the place is on both sides of the inn and an inn	36
can be found on either side of tbe town the mountains on both sides of the river rise to a height of from six to eight thousand feet and the tops of them look as though they were right over your heads but they are not the lion of is the tomb of i in the church the bronze statue of the emperor in a kneeling posture is placed on a high marble in the centre of the church facing the altar on the sides of the aisle are twenty eight bronze statues of tbe big of europe who belong mostly to the house of in this instance on the marble are twenty four of events in the life of the emperor of most exquisite and delicate but the hamlet is left out for lies buried in proper in the same church is a statue of the virgin in solid silver near the entrance is the grave of the g washington of the country who five times drove tbe french out of the but was shot at by order of napoleon in he lived in the palace a while wearing his usual clothes and living at an expense of about five dollars a day which is cheap for a ruler in this church queen of was converted we looked at the palace built by maria and went through tlie museum but sensible people don t go to the to see palaces and die mountains valleys and wild scenery are the cards the of the people are odd brown with hats crowned with a young america in italy and we left in the morning and reached at nine in the evening it was one of the most interesting rides in europe the scenery is so wild it cannot be described s sunny shores ok chapter xvii the last of the young america was still at her uncle and had gone to to look after the affairs of the maiden and with his nephew unable to find his ward had returned home to prevent if he could the of the young from being taken from him the count di the of had parted with o at and followed to at they landed the count watched and watched the count but each avoided all conversation with the other they went to the same hotel for they were obliged to wait several hours for the express train to the south was disconcerted and cast down by his failure to recover his ward his removal the of the maiden would deprive him of the fortune he was struggling to obtain and he was disposed to resist to the last at the hotel he saw the count hand a letter to the waiter with money to pay the and then leave the room he called the man who came to him with the letter in his hand and was permitted to read the address upon it it was directed to at the hotel in his america in italy and dark face lighted up with satisfaction the count had been careless and by his i am still guardian said he i know where but she will not go with you replied she must go with me i am her guardian and the law gives her to me you may have been removed from your office before this time impossible i shall not be removed the judges are my friends i have made them so money will do everything but uncle don t be rash added whose face indicated the low cunning of his nature we can do nothing in italy we do everything in egypt she will not go to egypt if she can help it we must keep out of sight ourselves and let other people do the business for us was interested and he listened attentively to his nephew as he suggested a plan by which could be induced to go to egypt voluntarily you know continued the professor who committed the in the same he ia poor and will do anything for money and his wife is like him he speaks many languages and has a venerable look with his white hair and beard said the nephew in a low tone well what shall we do with him asked impatiently send him to with his wife bearing a letter from to his niece sunny shores ok but the letter will find the letter and from on account of his health is obliged to go to egypt and will meet in the letter and the talk of will satisfy her he shall not bring her near but go by the way of in the italian steamer which sails near the end of the month they discussed this plan till it was time to take the train they went to where the professor lived knew him well and cast out poor and disgraced from society was ready to believe that fortune was dawning upon him he understood perfectly the plan of his employer and was zealous to undertake it for the i reward the guardian offered went to where he ascertained that proceedings against him had been commenced but no action could be had for a week he had letters written by and with these and s luggage packed for egypt he returned to wrote his letters after the model given him and departed immediately with his wife for taking with him s sailed for a few days later the count di had left the train at and found at home being his guest they had received letters from and from the landlord who was her protector everything seemed to be going on well for the and her friends believed that while remained in no harm could come to her they were mistaken could imitate any man s handwriting it young america in italy and was this facility with his pen which had ruined him had given him an old letter from to his brother	36
and at a letter signed with s name to his niece at announcing his intention to leave that day for and that he send his steward to accompany her to egypt by the way of the steward would be accompanied by his wife and would take her luggage to her the letter also informed her that was no longer her guardian for the writer had been appointed in his place was to return to when arrived at he waited till he was sure tliat had received this letter before he presented himself to her then he delivered his letters from and and produced her the innocent girl had not the remotest suspicion of any treachery nor had the landlord and his wife were very agreeable and treated the fair with the most profound respect and deference she was ready to depart at once and tlie agent of hurried her away before any letters could come from to bring confusion to his plans on the plea of being in season for the steamer he induced her to leave with him in the very next train going by rome and the party reached on the day before the departure of the steamer for thus far had no reason to suspect that anything was wrong and his wife treated her with the utmost consideration and deference as soon as the italian steamer in which passage had been sunny shores ok engaged arrived from the party went on board the weather was cold and damp and a dense fog the harbor went to her cabin and prepared her things for the voyage as did in the adjoining room her husband satisfied that he had now practically accomplished his mission was smoking his cigar on deck it was nearly noon the time appointed for the sailing of the steamer when the maiden had finished her preparations a knock induced her to open the door of the cabin and she found one of the of the hotel the passage way he bowed and smiled as he recognized her is this s cabin asked the man holding np a letter no his is next to this replied glancing at the letter in the waiter s hand he told me if any letters came to bring them off to him and this one came in the mail brought by this steamer i will give it to him he comes down for he is on deck now the steamer is about to leave and i have not time to find him added handing her the letter a gave him a couple of for his trouble and he departed as well satisfied as though he had seen himself the looked at the address on the letter it was in the handwriting of the was so cramped and peculiar that she could not possibly mistake it why should her guardian who had been removed from his office according to the information she had received young america in italy and write a letter to what business could tliey have with other how it be possible that they were even acquainted though he was an italian had resided for many years in as the steward of her uncle she had talked with him about and he declared that he had never even seen him he had staid in with his wife and had not been to the poor girl was agitated with the most painful doubts could it be possible that this steward was an agent of her guardian they were going to egypt just where had attempted to convey her before she had almost fainted when she began to realize her situation but she recovered her self possession in a few she glanced at the envelope of the letter and then with a desperate impulse without considering her responsibility for such an act she tore it open she read the letter to the end where was placed the well known signature of her guardian though the language was rather guarded it fully confirmed her worst suspicions and his wife were certainly the agents of the steamer was not yet in motion and she hastily gathered together a few necessary articles of clothing determined to make her escape from the vessel before it was too late unfortunately as it seemed to her then it was already too late for before she could leave her cabin the steamer started she was almost in despair but she was full of gi eat resolutions she carefully secured the letter upon person and felt fully justified in opening it by the revelations it contained she heard the continual whistle of the steamer shores or as she made her way through the fog and rolling in the heavy sea which the bad weather had stirred up came to her door but she pleaded illness and begged to be left to herself for three hours the steamer continued on her coarse and then her wheels suddenly stopped heard violent shouting on the deck above and a rapid tramp of feet on the which were immediately followed by a crash which the vessel so that she was nearly thrown from the stool on which she was sitting the shouts and on deck increased and she was confident that some disaster had occurred grasping the bundle she had made up she hastened upon deck where she found some of the sailors lowering the boats and the passengers rushing wildly to and in the panic of fear ahead of the steamer she saw the tall and the white sails of a ship in the fog hut she was unable to comprehend the situation the academy which left four days before the event just described had delightful weather and a fair but light wind till the vessels were ofl cape the southern point of the toe of the boot not more than fifty miles from which was the next port at which they were to anchor the journals of the students	36
had been read and and the regular studies of the were pursued on the fourth day of the voyage the wind came up fresh from the southward bringing with it a dense fog the change of weather was very unwelcome just as the was about to enter the straits of young america in italy and the vessels were close hauled on the port tack and the principal decided that it was not prudent to enter the strait under such the were sailing abreast of each other and almost within hail of the ship the of their bells could be distinctly heard on board at three in the watch the of the ship reported the whistle of a steamer sharp on the lee bow a the ship went ahead the sounds of this signal came from another relative direction and it was soon evident that the steamer was coming out of the strait from the large ship s bell on the was rung every ten seconds the stranger was coming down upon the but nothing could be seen of her the situation was certainly perilous in the extreme and the principal ordered peaks and to fire the guns the of the steamer s wheels could now he plainly heard and in another instant her high bow was seen in the fog directly on the beam of the ship hard a shouted the principal for the first time in a year giving tlie order himself but it was too late the steamer stopped her wheels and then began to back them before the smoke of the two guns had cleared away and before the steamer could wholly check her her struck of the young america the ship s snapped her and the water poured like a young into her hold but the steamer which was working her wheels backward at full speed immediately disengaged herself from the wreck on her decks the utmost confusion prevailed sunny shores or and and screams filled the air on board of the there was no disorder the officers and seemed to be by the shock but every one of them trained to the discipline in kept his station mr peaks go below and report the injury done to the ship said mr the instant the steamer backed away from the ship there is a hole in the side of the ship big enough to drive an in peaks reported half a minute later she will go down in less than five minutes clear away the boats captain said the principal to the young commander all hands leave the ship captain gave the order to the first lieutenant in due form and in another minute the six boats of the ship were in the water and long before the italian steamer had lowered a single boat the ship was settling and every officer seaman professor and waiter took the place assigned to him in the boats without disorder or confusion the greater portion of them saved their most valuable effects indeed the event terrible as it might have been in the night or in the absence of discipline seemed to the students not to be at all the frequent of a similar emergency not a person was lost or injured and no one was even badly frightened at the time of the collision the was on the wing of the fleet her officers and on were attending closely to the fog though they could not see the ship they could hear her bell the guns startled them and called the in italy and principal to the deck at the next instant they heard the crash of the collision without any from mr ordered all hands to he called everybody was filled with anxiety and thrilled by the exciting event steamer dead ahead shouted the on the top gallant hard a lee i cried on the a second collision was thus avoided and under a less efficient state of discipline the might have into the side of the italian steamer and severely upon her for her careless manage clear away the boats said as he received the order from the captain and almost as soon as those of the ship the boats were in the water and fully both of the were lying to by this time and the boats of the were overboard as soon as those of the mr o in the second will pull directly to the steamer and see if she needs any assistance said captain selecting this because he spoke italian as well as french and english o received the order from the first lieutenant and departed upon his mission in a few moments he obtained a view of the ship with her half dozen boats pulling away from her the fog had lifted a little so that he could obtain a fair view of the scene the s boats were rushing towards the sinking ship and so were two from the steamer but it sunny or was plain to o that their services were not needed in a short time he reached the italian steamer and went on board of her nearly all the passengers were forward watching the ship their whole attention absorbed by the exciting scene o reported himself captain on the bridge but was informed that the vessel had sustained no o o cried a young lady closely enveloped in a water proof which the damp air and the chilly breeze rendered necessary exclaimed the second master of the the voice of the fair italian help me help me o she added weeping why are you here save me i save me i have been deceived let me go to your ship she pleaded earnestly but who is with you none but my enemies let me go with you shall if yon desire replied o fortunately the attention of all on d was occupied with the ship o met with no opposition in his charge to the boat muffled	36
up in her water proof no one could recognize her as the boat pulled away and the second was the first to reach the of se all hands were astonished to see the young lady again and mr had some doubts in regard to receiving her but the statements of professor induced him to do so and she was conducted to the state cabin she had occupied before where in the excitement of the occasion she was permitted to remain undisturbed in italy and a shout on deck announced the sinking of the ship she had disappeared beneath the waves and that was the last of he young america which had for years borne her gallant young ship s company in comfort and safety oyer thousands of of the stormy ocean it was a sad sight and a i were moved by the scene but it was a cheerful thought that not a single life had been lost by the catastrophe the fog had blown over for the time and the boats pulled to the two the steamer continued on her course as though she had done no mischief and probably did not miss his charge till some hours later the ship s company of the young america were distributed between the and both of which filled away on their course op the strait nothing but the collision was talked about and every officer and sailor of the lost ship was a hero mr commended them in the warmest manner for their coolness and in the discharge of their duty he thanked god in the deepest depths of his heart that not a life had been lost he declared that if the sacrifice of a single life could have saved the ship he would not have consented to make it the principal went on board of the whose decks were now crowded with and as soon as the excitement had in a measure subsided mr reported to him the presence on board of she was in the main cabin and related all the events which had occurred since she landed at she produced the letter from to which o translated and it fully confirmed her story she was warmly welcomed by the principal and assured of protection s sunny or i am sorry that your ship was sunk o but it was very fortunate for me said with a smile it was indeed and i think the principal would haye been almost willing to lose her for the sake of saving you from the who you replied the second master gallantly running before the fresh breeze the two made a quick trip to but it was quite dark when they entered the harbor the city is built in part on the slopes of high hills and the street lights present a very picturesque appearance from the bay rising in lines and clusters above each other till they seem to reach nearly to the sky the students enjoyed the view and for the time forgot the disaster of the afternoon the vessels off the town within the port enclosed by the tongue of land on which are several and other the ship s company of the young america landed and sought quarters at the hotels but preferred to remain on board early the next morning a large steamer flying the american flag entered the harbor and within the port her name was the american prince young america in italy and chapter xviii on italy the american prince was certainly a magnificent steamer she was bark but rather lightly so that her appearance aloft was graceful and fairy like the great of her and the corresponding of her smoke gave her a peculiarly dashing aspect she was over two hundred feet long and though she was a screw steamer she had nothing of that clumsy look about her which is noticeable in so many american vessels of this kind the coming of the american prince into the port of at this time was not a chance event at eight bells a boat with mr in the stern sheets pulled from her to the the prince went on deck and inquired for mr when informed that he was at the hotel he hastened to the shore and found the principal discussing the situation with dr good morning mr said the prince in his usual boisterous tone which attracted the attention of all in the coffee room as he extended his hand i am glad to see you mr i was thinking of you this morning replied the principal as he took the offered hand sunny shores or i m not here by chance you said you expected to be in about the first of the month and i ve brought my steamer down here to let you see her i think i ve fixed things so that you can see your way to move into her i was sorry when i see you in that i hadn t gone a little in fact i felt mean and guilty when i thought how much you d done for your country and how little i d done now mr my steamer s in the harbor and i m to make you a present of her i want you to have her i want you to bring up a hundred or two of men who will understand their business and i want to do towards it i give the steamer as my contribution you want the and coal and you don t want the officers and sailors you want to send your ship home to be sold or laid up and my captain mates and sailors can take her to the land of the free and the home of the brave for you don t you see unfortunately i have no ship now to take home replied mr she went to the bottom yesterday afternoon just outside of the straits of you don t roared	36
the prince the principal gave a detailed narrative of the unfortunate event it was almost worth the sacrifice of the ship to have it proved by actual experience tliat the students were equal to the emergency he added so twas replied mr i m really glad your ship s gone down for now it won t seem so much like my steamer upon you young america in italy and certainly there is no crowding about it and now i am not only quite willing but very glad to purchase her i want her and am ready to pay for her you can t pay for her not a rusty copper i made up my mind to give her to the cause of american commerce on the seas and i m goin to do it if you won t take her i shall hand her over to the new york board of trade and ask them to carry out a plan they discussed a few years ago to bring up a crop of american the proposition was discussed at considerable length and mr finally accepted the in trust for the purpose of carrying out die intentions of the dr and the professors were called to the conference while all the students about the hotel were waiting under the chaise of peaks to learn what was to be done with them now i want you to go on board continued mr when the matter was settled you may as well take all the boys with you i am heartily to have my difficulty settled so readily said mr i thought of your steamer aiid hoped she would answer my purpose answer your purpose exclaimed the prince she was built on purpose for you why she has seventy three state rooms besides those for the officers i took a party of over n hundred off on a for a week and ate and slept em as nicely as a first class but come on board and see for yourself the order was given for the students to march down to the where they had left the ship s boats the professors forward officers and shores or followed and in half an hour the entire ship s company of the young america poured in upon the decks of the american prince with a pride and pleasure he took no pains to conceal mr conducted the principal the surgeon and such of the professors as chose to follow him through the ship while students on their own hook made a very thorough examination of her interior for themselves after every part of the vessel from the deck to the hold had been visited mr declared tiiat she was admirably adapted to his purpose like the english and most of the american the american prince had plenty of house on the main deck about one third of her length was occupied by the main saloon on deck which was tlie full width of the ship but nine were built in this apartment at the after end yet with a clear width between them of twenty feet while in the part it was over thirty feet its extreme length was fifty four feet but from the two formed by the rows of state room a heavy curtain could be drawn across so as to divide the saloon into two apartments when desirable this will answer for the lecture room said mr and the nine state rooms will just fit the case of the faculty added the prince it will give each of them a large room all to himself from the saloon forward the house on deck was only half the width of the ship a considerable portion of it was required for the engine next forward of it were two state rooms occupied by the three in italy and then came the which was quite large and two ice houses on the side was a mess room for the officers would now be needed only for the the next apartment on the same side contained the staircase to the forward cabin below and two state rooms on the port side forward of the ice houses were four state rooms one of which was fitted up with an iron safe for the use of the the others being used by the captain and the mates at the extreme forward end of the house on deck was the wheel elevated enough to enable the wheel men to see over the top gallant the front and sides were composed of and doors opened from tlie apartment into the state rooms adjoining it which were occupied by the captain and first officer under the top gallant were the quarters of the sailors and coal two rooms opening from the deck were used by the first cl and the between decks the after cabin had two large apartments at the stern and fourteen state rooms the latter were quite spacious for a vessel and contained two each this we shall call the ward room said mr each cabin officer will have a room to himself and the two larger apartments will be appropriated to the and the captain the section as the prince called it consisted of eight state rooms with a passage way communicating with them on each side of the engine and room next to this was the forward cabin with eight state rooms opening from it on each side sunny shores or this will be called the where the crew will eat and sleep said the principal the state rooms in this and the section will accommodate only sixty four students but you have eight more state rooms on the main deck added mr very true and we will give some of them to the petty in the head or bow were rooms and for the forward and everything was entirely satisfactory to the principal the lower were well lighted and well at least as	36
well as those of an ocean steamer can be the american prince was richly but not furnished everything about her was substantial but rather plain to to the simple taste of her late owner whatever could add to the comfort convenience and safety of her ship s company and passengers was provided the saloon contained a large library which included a great many of the useful books lost in the young america the students were delighted with the vessel and perhaps not many of them regretted the loss of the ship which had introduced them to the more spacious and quarters of the american prince the only persons on board who were dissatisfied were the and other of the vessel w ho were thrown out of a job by the transfer but mr promised to satisfy all of them all hands were called to the saloon which was to be their future meeting place and the principal explained the events which had just nine young america in italy and j rousing cheers for mr expressed the satisfaction of the boys at his liberal gift and the prince made a very sensible little speech to them in his homely way which was received with tumultuous applause young gentlemen to morrow will be the first day of the month said the principal when the storm had subsided but the record al went down in tiie young america so that it will bo impossible to give you your rank if you desire it you may no no no shouted the students then you must hold the same rank as during the present month to which i do not object added mr i will now proceed to your rooms will take the after cabin leading from the ward room captain the port cabin the first lieutenant will take the forward room on the side and so on following around in the order of your rank the will have the room ou deck for their office but will sleep below the four will take the two rooms next to the wheel house the and his mate the next room on the side and the captains of the fore and main tops the one on the port side the rest of the petty officers and the were provided with rooms in the order of their numbers at noon tlie officers and others whose services were no longer required departed in the steamer to where they were to take an american for new york mrs insisted upon her room and she and her sunny shores or husband were pulled ashore in the s by the middle of the afternoon everything was in order on board of the american prince the and of the young america were duly into their new places and everybody acknowledged that the change was a vast improvement the professors were delighted with their state rooms and all were reconciled to whatever loss they had sustained by the catastrophe to the ship at eight bells in the afternoon the people of the and were invited to inspect the steamer and doubtless some of them wished they had never been transferred to the after breakfast the next morning the students of the were summoned to the saloon of the steamer to hear the lecture upon italy mr and mrs were present and at the open doors stood the whose curiosity was excited to see the new order of things on board mr had procured a large map of italy in which was placed where all could see it young gentlemen what is now the kingdom of italy d is made up of several independent states the kingdom of the domain in part of the house of from which the present king of italy is descended and held by in the north the kingdom of the two or the kingdom of in the south the states of the church or rome the of the of and in the centre it contains one hundred and twelve thousand seven hundred square miles or about young in and as large as the six new england states and new york the population is twenty six millions eight hundred thousand or about two thirds of that of the united states the largest river is the po three hundred and forty miles long the next two in size are the and the two hundred and twenty miles long the extend along the west and north of italy the highest mountain in europe was formerly in the western part of which has recently been to france the highest peaks of the are from eight to fourteen thousand feet high the extend from the through the entire of italy and jumping over the strait appear again in and you may see them on both sides of you their average height is hundred feet but some peaks are over nine thousand feet mount which you would have seen yesterday if it had not been is nearly eleven thousand feet high lake is fifty miles long the lake of thirty five the lake of the largest in area is miles long from three to eleven wide and is deep enough to float the great eastern on all these lakes which are renowned for their beautiful scenery there are many other smaller lakes italy js a country though between tlie on the sea shore and the on the north are the plains of the is mild pleasant and generally healthy and other tropical fruits are raised in the south while all the especially indian corn are produced in the north the is cultivated in many parts shores or as the food of the silk worm whose product forms one of the most important grapes are grown and wine made in all parts olive oil is the chief of italy and stand next to it the kingdom has one hundred and three and eight thousand vessels of over six tons in its commercial	36
marine with one hundred and eighty thousand sailors the consists of two hundred thousand men on a peace footing and four hundred and thousand on a war footing the navy contains ninety one ships of war nearly all of which are and twenty two of which are italy contains few cities witli a population of over one hundred thousand the largest has nearly four hundred and fifty thousand rome and each has over two hundred thousand and over one hundred thousand and have each nearly as many italy has a constitutional for its government the king is the only and exercises his power through his ministers the body is composed of a and chamber of the number of is not limited they are distinguished men over forty years old for life by the king and to be eligible must pay a tax of six hundred dollars a year the members of the lower house are elected by the people must he thirty years old and pay a small amount of taxes we will now as briefly as possible review the complicated history of italy the political geography of this country has italy and gone many changes during the twenty five centuries and more through which history extends if we examine a good historical of europe we shall find that on the the part of the which was called italy did not reach so far north as till the seventh century after the foundation of rome and that the valley of the po was not considered italian territory till a century later towards the close of the fifth century of our era we find the whole set down as a part of the great kingdom of the or eastern at the commencement of the ninth century the empire of occupied the whole of the valley of the po and more than half of the to the south of it while the of took up nearly all the rest one hundred and seventy five years later the empire reached nearly to and the of and occupied the rest was governed hy a count about the year germany claimed the valley of the po and the northern portion of the the states of the church which have existed from to our day without many changes were in the centre the kingdom of south and the kingdom of was on the island of the same name in when was taken by the the north of italy was occupied by the of and the of which fell in and in the central and southern parts were the republic of ii i the states of the church and the st shores or kingdom of the two at the close of the reign of the emperor charles v all italy was under the sway of the house of but the only noticeable change on the map was the of the of at the expense of at the time of the treaty of the of and and were in existence a little later the kingdom of the two was divided into the of and but only to be under the former name from to the end of the first napoleon s reign the changes were too many to be even indicated here but in s after the treaty of we find on the map the kingdom of and the possessions and in the north the of and the grand of and the states of the church in the middle and the kingdom of the two in the south in began the movements which resulted in a united italian nation the name of this country comes from that of a people who originally lived in the southern part of the no one can tell who were the first inhabitants of italy in england france and germany we know that before the european race took up its abode there a people wandered over these countries lived by hunting and fishing making their implements of stone clay or bones themselves with and the teeth of animals and were entirely ignorant of and the use of the but in italy no trace of such a primitive young america in italy and people has been found and there is nothing to prove that men lived in the italian before the discovery of and the use of the passing over tlie history of italy several greek colonies existed in the south when rome was founded in the centre were tlie the kindred tribes and north of these were the the and were closely related and the were of the same race but who the were and where they came from are questions which have not been satisfactorily answered they were more highly civilized than their neighbors and the borrowed many customs and from them i have not time to the wars of the in which they all the of italy the struggles between the two branches of the the and the reached down to the end of the fourth century our era the fourth from the foundation of from this time the progress was rapid till he conquest extended beyond the of italy md were finally under the empire bounded by the the the the ind the ocean roman history begins with the kings b c nd the last of the seven lost lis life in then came the republic which lasted ill b c and it was during this time that the great were made when rome came under the way of an emperor there was a short period of followed by a long period of decay the commenced almost with the first emperor sunny shores or though it was difficult to see it in the midst of so much rome contained two or three thousand families whose luxury and splendor all the pomp now displayed by the greatest of europe their were surrounded by an im population lodged in miserable houses without any means of support a few	36
mostly foreigners and were engaged in the arts and of life manual labor was entirely to slaves those who in the name of roman citizen lived in absolute idleness and supported by of corn and the public treasury they passed their days in the bath the and the not only were the supported at the expense of the provinces but amusements were free italy was covered with cities the greater of those now existing flourished in at least equal in the time of the roman some o them as and like rome itself with their and theatres their tumultuous crowds and idle population riches and their poverty for a long time th roman armies had been in and other provinces on the and ti finally they were almost entirely made up of after a while these armies began to make an and when the pomp of the appeared to be a useless expense a chief suppressed it and took the title of king of himself the eastern emperor still laid claim to th whole west while he only held a small part of italy young america in italy and the came in s under the of and claiming to be employed by the emperor of the east in four years completed the quest of the but the soft climate the and in turn they were in over by the eastern emperor in another tribe of the invaded italy and founded a kingdom in the north with for its capital which existed about two hundred years in the they also established the of lasting four hundred years the completed the destruction of the kingdom in the of rome and the had for some time been hostile to each other the latter had taken some territory which the claimed and demanded that it should be restored to them when this disputed territory had been taken by the king he gave it up to the roman bishop or pope as he was already called this was the beginning of the power of the pope which appears now to be drawing to a close we have seen how restored the western empire and how italy was for centuries considered a part of this empire though during the greater portion of this time the imperial authority was hardly more than it was about the ninth century that the italian cities began to their ancient walls everywhere by the and in the tenth and centuries the rural doubled and but each town regarded itself as an independent state and each citizen like he greek of old had an ardent patriotism for his own sunny shores or city but with no idea of an italian nation the great public works of were mostly constructed between the close of the ninth and the beginning of the century when the towns had been surrounded by thick walls and towers and the cities had constructed ports and custom houses they built palaces for their and erected those stately which e fill the traveller with admiration to go back a few centuries the of the eastern empire when they gave up italy to the retained several fortified places on or near the coast rome and others lost ancient walls or the habit of guarding them these places served as a refuge for roman civilization men who had preserved any fortune or independence of mind assembled in these cities to resist the insolence of their barbarous masters the eastern empire itself at but all its em asked of these cities was to have the name at tlie beginning of every act or jaw and tht head of its on every coin towards tht end of the century when tiie com and had attained a degree of commercial importance they had vessels on the than all the rest of from the middle of the to the mid die of the century was the flourishing of these little italian the german it is true claimed all italy but only while they in tlie country liad they any real power still then young america in italy and were in every city two parties known as the and the the former the pope and the latter the empire for the pope and the emperor were rarely friends in those days the towns generally acknowledged that they owed the on their journeys food lodging and but this was about the extent of their submission the from which countries gained little except wounds and relics brought to many italian cities a large increase of wealth dominion and knowledge few parts of europe have to day reached so high a point of wealth and civilization as were found in some cities of italy in the century we have an account of in the early part of the century by a native historian and according to his statement this one state had a larger than england and ireland yielded in the days of queen elizabeth the manufacture of wool alone employed two hundred and thirty thousand workmen and the cloth produced sold on he average for a sum greater in value twelve and a half millions of our money the banks of conducted the business not of tliis city but of all europe two advanced to edward iii of england a sum when we take into account the of was equivalent to twenty two and a half million of our money during this long period of prosperity the lad lost their warlike spirit war becoming the trade if a separate class of men the who war a profession were attached to no one state it was the same to whether they were engaged with the king of or the duke of with the pope or the of when a campaign was finished they might turn their arms against the power that had hired them last they neither loved those whom they defended nor hated those whom they opposed consequently their battles were almost and mighty armies fought	36
from sunrise to sunset a great victory was won thousands of prisoners were taken but hardly a life was sacrificed in the century most of die of italy and in a country filled with three centuries earlier there remained at the death of de a but four and even these had little more than the name of for they no longer had popular or republican energy beyond the of italy nations were more barbarous indeed but they had the virtues of less civilized nations and among them was absolutely indispensable for without it none could be eminent or hardly secure up to the close of the century wars had been more frequent between and among themselves than between separate nations but now a change came in france charles vii and louis xi had to the french provinces that had been separated from it for centuries and had subdued the and princes who had disputed their authority thus charles viii when he became of age found a kingdom well united with a good army and large spain which from the eighth century had been divided between and christians and had been cut up into so many little even where the christians had conquered all came under one by the marriage of of and of and the conquest of the german emperor had more than his had for a long period the had begun to make a trade of war in the service of foreign countries and the empire of the extended along the whole shore of the threatening and then italy suddenly found herself surrounded on all sides by powerful where a century before there had been nothing to create uneasiness france was the first to make italy feel the meaning of this change charles viii claimed to be the true heir to the kingdom of and in he entered italy with a large and well appointed army including a formidable train of some of the northern states of italy favorable to france and so many others were that charles met with no resistance till he reached the of here he took two small towns by assault and the inhabitants this ferocity struck king of with such terror that he in favor of his son ii all his and all the principal cities sent to charles and the kingdom of was conquered without a single in its defence but charles s hold on italy was df short duration though it rendered that country on foreign nations and was the beginning of woes to its people o shores or the soon followed the french into the italian there was a war the french and in the territory one between the french and in and one between the french and in the country after thirty six years of war and by french and ev the end came and italy found herself under the sway of the greatest enemy of france charles v the house of would not so easily have conquered this rich and industrious country if charles viii louis xii and francis i of france had not first destroyed its military power and its wealth the conquest of italy was complete in the next very important event for italy was the french revolution of the political agitation which followed that great spread beyond the and awakened among the the first real enthusiasm for liberty and but the who after the power of had been broken met at to settle the affairs of europe out the italian without the least regard to the interests of the inhabitants thereof or to any views which the had on the subject occupied about half of northern italy the rest was given to and were distributed among petty princes some of them dependent upon the house of the pope returned to the states of the church and the kingdom of the two fell to a prince of the house of a of philip v of spain italy and s of course the were not satisfied with these arrangements but they were powerless to oppose them the holy had them in its keeping an in was easily suppressed and nothing was gained by the revolution of s the of napoleon iii to the french people in the spring of brightened the prospects of italy said he has brought affairs to this extremity tliat she must rule to the or italy must be free to the by the of and due mainly to the french fighting with the victor the king gained and the central provinces before the close of i and his followers had added the two and the king s troops were in possession of a part of the states in was erected into the kingdom of italy the war of between and afforded the an opportunity to drive the beyond the thus italy with the exception of the states was free from the to the for some time there has been a strong feeling the in favor of putting an end to the power of the pope and of bringing his dominion under the government of the kingdom of italy france by her military power has so far prevented the capture of rome but as she has been the present year by she can no longer protect the pope recent intelligence us that the troops of victor have captured the eternal city after a mere show of resistance on the part of his sunny or and they now hold the capital the soldiers were warmly welcomed by most of the people who favored a political change though the priests and religious orders are of course violently opposed to it the states of the church are now practically a part of the kingdom of italy whose capital will doubtless soon be established in rome the professor closed his long lecture and the students out of the cabin the capital was transferred to rome july i in italy and chapter xix the city of the sea while	36
the ship s company were enjoying their new quarters on of the american prince tlie rank of the officers of the was given out by the merit rolls though all the officers of the kept their places in the cabin there were some changes in the relative standing was still captain and alexander changed places as first and second and to his own astonishment though he had worked hard for it scott came in as third lieutenant o was fourth lieutenant and was at his advancement mr vice principal bestowed a great deal of respectful attention upon in whose case he was quite as much interested as the young officers in the cabin but she seemed to prefer tlie company of o to any other person perhaps because he spoke italian because he had so faithfully served her when her situation w as so desperate she went with him on board the american prince but when mr to her the of the steamer she preferred to remain in the sun what am i to do was the question she put to o hai a when the excitement of the events under which they met had subsided do nothing replied the irish italian you are safe now and out of the hands of the your uncle and are waiting patiently for the law to settle the case believing you are still at write to your uncle and to informing them of what has happened to you our goes to next and you can say that you will be there in the course of a week i will do so at once if you wish you can also write to the count di added o will tell him what has happened to me she replied blushing it is strange that while he has followed me up the been to and in his devotion to me i have not seen him since we parted at not bo very strange considering the care used by to prevent your meeting i hope i shall see him again for i think he is a remarkably fine fellow the letters were written and sent to the post office was sure that her friends would hasten at once to her and that should meet them in can come back to before this vessel asked when her letters had been sent on shore if the steamer touches at he may but we don t care if he does replied o i should rather like to see him young america in italy and lam afraid of him you need not fear him i am sure we can manage him he was doubtless very much astonished when he failed to find you after the collision possibly he thinks you fell overboard and was drowned if he does i am afraid he will not feel very bad about but some one must have seen me get into the boat with you i have no doubt some one did in fact i saw several looking at us but of course they did not understand t ie matter i am confident that got at the exact truth as soon as he missed you possibly the italian captain transferred him to some steamer returning to italy if so you will see or hear from him soon but do not be alarmed our people will protect you i did not think of it before but we can telegraph to your uncle in if you desire but after careful consideration and consultation with mr it was decided that to the telegraph would s friends as the particulars could not be given and the plan was rejected the letters would enable her uncle to reach as soon as the after the lecture the italian topics were in order and on board of the all hands were to the to attend to the reading of the journals in which full descriptions of were already written but they were so many and so very full that we can give only a few of them at that sunny or view of scott i stood in and as my friend o would say the first land i put my foot on was in the i came into on a bridge over the two miles long with occasional to protect it or to keep it from running away i fetched up on the grand canal where with three of the distinguished officers of the took a for the ship a is a poetic institution w ho are the old that the are also poetic institutions they live in poetry romance and song if i had known how to sing i might have songs about and lovers in used to go a in pretty used to in they do now a is a boat it is a cross between a dug out and a a full grown one is or forty feet long are long low and they have about five feet beam one third of the craft is out of water the bow and stern are turned up the is armed with a steel ornament like a the cabin is a cross between a coffin and coach body says it looks just like a coffin clapped in a which is about all the truth there is in his description one man rows it though sometimes on long voyages tliey have two there are four thousand in the for them is established by law but the are so poetical that they don t like to be harassed by law and they don t mind charging two or three times the regular fare which is about twenty young america in italy and cents an hour with one or cents with two this is cheap but the will take a dollar an hour if you insist we seated ourselves in the poetical craft and felt poetical the did not ask us where we wanted to go we not have told him if he had he stood	36
on the quarter deck or half deck in a poetical attitude with a veiy long oar in his hand he placed it against a kind of on the and began to it s though he was but he did not his skull was too poetical to he the long oar and the poetic craft backed sided and went ahead according to his poetic will when he got under way the craft went it like machine poetry the motion made me feel poetic but i didn t have it bad for i hadn t been to breakfast can a poet have a fine frenzy on an empty stomach we went on the but a short distance and then the gay turned his black and craft into what i thought at first was somebody s cellar afloat but they don t have in or if they do they must he damp we shot under a bridge into one of the narrow not more than ten feet wide all hands when the bark turned the corner for the poet at the oar did not leave more than a quarter of an inch between the corner of the house and the side of the craft but he did not touch it he did not jam the black paint black is a cheerful color which is the reason why they use it for all they made a law three hundred years ago when the people were rather gay and in fixing up their requiring all sunny shores or to be painted black they were extravagant a id their descendants suffer for their sin all are black but on private ones the owners dress up the in bright colors supplying them with graceful of red green blue or yellow in the narrow canal the houses four or five stories high on each side it was pleasant but the houses and shops had their front doors on this canal we made good time through it we met two or three other but our scorned to leave any more than half an inch between his own and the other craft when he was going to turn a corner he kept up a poetic yell which was sometimes answered by another poetic yell by the round the corner this was the signal between them i did not expect to reach the ship with a whole bone in my body for i came to the conclusion that the had made up his mind to the and pocket the twenty times he shaved a hair off the corners of the houses or the beam ends of other craft but he never touched one of them after through any number of small he came out into the grand canal again and i found he had come across lots to save the distance he away at his oar never taking it out of the water till he came to the ship which was in the broad canal off the a palace as they called it i seized the the hand and in good english expressed to him my admiration of his wonderful skill in handling his craft to which he replied and i told him that it was so as he was a poet we gave him four young america in italy and which is l l r e and the persist in it le ray he made some remarks but i told him he need not thank us any more though k said he was asking for another c or after a great deal of thought on the subject i have come to the conclusion that is a queer city it is about four miles from the main coast of italy on a lot of islands separated from it by a about knee deep in the middle it is built on seventy two of these islands so soft they had to drive piles for the houses it is two miles long by a mile and a half wide the grand canal runs through the middle of it in the shape of a big s it has one hundred and forty six other crossed by three hundred and sixty bridges though about every house in the city of the sea fronts on a canal you can go all over the place without getting into a boat or your feet the streets are on one side of the houses and the on the other the and the hotel near our receive their guests from but each has another entrance in the rear the grand canal is from one hundred to one hundred and eighty feet wide and on it are tiie principal palaces and public buildings it is crossed by a bridge the which is more like a pigeon house than a bridge it is built of marble over an arch with a walk in the middle and another on each side with two rows of shops between tlie middle and the outer walk to cross this bridge you go up stairs to the middle and down the rest of tlie way it is a sunny shores or handsome bridge and would be a first rate place to sell if it was in new york in there is not a horse or a carriage not even a some of the streets are as much as five feet wide most of them are only four the is an exception having the amazing width of from ten to twenty feet the bridges which connect these streets are up and down stairs affairs used only by foot passengers because they don t have horses except perhaps sea horses which won t cross bridges all the knowledge the people have of horses is obtained from the study of the four bronze horses on the cathedral they are high horses the are humble and don t ride them is a city the people make glass colored beads velvet silk and lace goods the city is rather played	36
out house rent is cheap especially palace rent the people that used to live in palaces don t live in now and their houses have been turned into hotels the was the palace and the was the palace what possessed any people to build a city out on these muddy islands surrounded by water deep enough to float a mud used to puzzle me but history explains the m to my satisfaction ind i accept the apology who tlie of god created an in italy some fourteen hundred years ago and as he came down upon and other cities of the people fled to these muddy islands concluding that the would not young america in italy and i them to such a locality they settled here and set up a lot of little which were finally united into one they called their he d man the it came from the latin and they took this word because il was just the place for ducks made a good in they selected the island and built on it and it became a mighty republic it had very little territory at home but in time it had plenty in what is now on the main land on the other side of the and other territory it on great wars with the and other and was often badly beaten and took a hand in the in the century the republic was at the height of its and was the centre of the world s commerce soon after it began to decline and its commerce to the east went into the hands of the the finally got it but in when whipped them out of their boots it was given to the new kingdom of italy its history is a solemn warning to small not to be too smart is a free port there are plenty of islands around the city some of which are quite pretty is improved as a to which convey the bodies is a beautiful watering place with a sandy beach and two big hotels di san this is a square which contains tlie principal attractions of the city at one end of it is the cathedral of san about nine hundred years old it looks older and has the appearance of having sunk down in the soil under it tlie is partly witli any quantity of and and there is a multitude of statues and bass on and upon it figures of saints perched on sharp points high up in the air figures in bronze or marble in the open and high arched of tjie front are the four bronze brought from the at after the fourth the interior is in and and contains immense treasures of gold and silver among the relics are a piece of the s dress a quantity of earth with liis blood and of course a piece of the true cross in front of the church are three flag on which as many were displayed as of the three of the republic and the they the italian flag on them now during and the or clock tower is in the square with a dial of twenty four hours above it are the figures of two men who strike the with upon a bell higher up is the winged lion of st mark the emblem of the saint who was chosen by the early as their patron and whose bones were brought to the city on the other side of the square is the or bell tower three hundred and twenty three feet high with a roof and is the most object in other on the square are public buildings one of which facing on the which was the grand entrance from the water is the library of st to young america in italy and which contributed al his books the great square is always full of which are as affectionately cherished as those at tlie in they are the of the and to injure one of them would subject a person to the guard house if not to this kind treatment makes them very tame and i saw of them light on a boy s shoulder they are fed at the public expense every day at two o clock when the men on the clock tower hammer out the hour all the in the city to this square the grain was thrown from a window of one of the houses and the birds scrambled for their shares themselves up in heaps over the of corn as in the game of life the and got more than their share some say an old lady left a sum of money in her will to feed the others say the money comes from tlie public treasury in remembrance of the bringing of important news to the republic by a pigeon hundreds of years ago the s palace from the deck of the ship we could see it on the grand canal at the extremity of the are two granite columns one having the lion of st mark on it the other t ie statue of st as patron saint by the on the right of these columns is the palace the next object in the is a stone bridge across a narrow canal over which tlie bridge of sighs passes to the prison the palace is an immense square building the walls on the grand canal and resting upon two sunny shores or stories of forming within them great court yard the structure contains two well i should say they were placed over a couple of rain water women v water from them when there is any to draw j for the pure element used to be a scarce article in the city of the sea and was formerly brought in from the country but now a supply is obtained from wells the appearance of the palace within the square is very imposing as on the	36
outside there are two rows of that on the second story is reached by a magnificent flight of steps called the giants staircase it its name from the gigantic statues of and at the head of it the were crowned at the head of this staircase the hall of the great council is the most notable apartment in the palace one hundred and seventy five feet long eighty five wide and fifty two high the walls and the ceiling are covered with pictures on a grand scale mostly representing great events in the history of the republic they were done by paul and other great masters of art in the upper and in the lower stories there are which were used for prisoners in the days of the republic the lion s mouth is a hole in the wall formerly ornamented with a lion s head through the mouth of which of citizens could be thrust in for the council of ten who soon made it hot for the justice seems to have been particularly at and state were in demand the palace in which or were tried and was r and with the or prison by a covered bridge built of stone it is called the every fellow in the when he went once said he stood in on the bridge of sighs i found it was a bridge of no great size i had heard of it before it consists of two one on each side prisoners were led across the bridge to hear their sentence it was not a cheerful errand and they sighed on the way armed with lighted candles we went down into the some of them below the water level in the the are small and no light was allowed nor any furniture except a pillow which is a block of stone it was not a soft thing each one has a small opening in the wall through which his were given to the were executed at midnight in this hole they the and the one of the with a bad temper but a big for all that had a chance to know how it was himself for he was shut up and executed in the for a conspiracy to the one of whom had offended him nearly under the bridge of sighs is a double door which was the direct water entrance to the palace every year the went out in his big by this door to perform the ceremony of wedding the which he did in due form with a ring it was a happy marriage though they had some family ag shores or the churches of as a rule they are very handsome the salute is a very magnificent church with a beautiful dome on the grand canal just above the palace the was begun in it contains the noble monument to who was buried in this church three hundred years ago it was paid for by the emperor of the of many of the are in this church sunday evening in our party hired a for two hours it was a time and we had to pay five for it or one dollar we went up the grand canal on the way we saw the palace of the a great square house with on the two middle stories there are a dozen others which it will pay to look at but not to write about at the bridge we got out and walked over it and back we went under it in the and tried the above the bridge we found about two thousand more or less completely covering the canal somehow or other i don t know how our gay worked his craft through the crowd without one of them by this time it was quite dark and the show commenced on a couple of boats a large platform had been built on which a gay of all colors had been erected it was with flags and illuminated upon it was a band of music it was by four large each rowed by six or eight men in two in italy and lines the affair is got up by the city and is under the control of the police the boat began to move and the band began to play they did not play tunes though it was sunday but the music was very fine from the tow red white and blue lights were fired which illuminated the entire scene and enabled us to see the vast crowd of boats and people the sight was magnificent especially when the red fires lighted up the marble buildings on the the platform was down the canal about a mile moving very slowly like a glorious of historic among the hundred of there was no or and no hard words among the anywhere in the united states at such a time there would have been a row in ten minutes but they don t drink in after t ie show was over at half past nine we went down the to get a view of the city lighted up at night it was a beautiful this is an on a pretty island about two miles from the city we went in a the buildings are quite in their style it is under the protection of turkey and tlie red flag of that country over its walls on a flag staff crowned with the lord used to come down here to study when he stood in the island is walled in on the sea shore with a garden adorned with pretty trees all around it the buildings form a square around a court yard and the lofty spire of the church towers to the blue italian sunny shores or sky at one corner we landed and were shown by an priest who spoke english exceedingly well through the buildings and gardens the library was quite extensive one room of which was filled witli	36
mostly in the language the church was pretty but plain in the they print in thirty two languages the priest was willing to sacrifice his dignity by selling us a quantity of colored photographs of the island of the ceremonies and the officials in full costume of their church we walked through the garden which was the part of the excursion in the stables were twenty seven cows very fine animals and fo r ten each we were furnished with a drink of warm milk just from the various women with two copper suspended on a stick bring water to the hotels and private houses six for two or a cent and one fifth one of our full would cost three of a cent large run through the grand canal to the railroad station in italy and chapter xx and the students on board of the american prince were little inclined to go on shore so delighted were they with their new quarters the situation was novel and there was much to be done in making themselves familiar with the new vessel the officers and were in getting making and taking in sail till they could perform these as perfectly in the steamer as they had in the ship with tlie engineer s department they had nothing whatever to do though tlie cabin officers and the were instructed in the use of the bells but all the students found it necessary to go on shore in order to prepare to write up journals the of the young america had gone down in tlie ship so had the text books required in the classes but the principal had to his agent at home for a full supply and the books of the were fairly divided in the it was hardly practicable now to keep the together in the voyages from port to port though as no long ones were required at present this occasioned no trouble the and were ordered do sunny shores or to sail ten hours in advance of the time appointed for the departure of the american prince and at daylight in the morning the two w ere imder way the wind was fresh from the north and the course was quite near fort at the extremity of the tongue of land which the port of tlie city steamer the point shouted the on the top gallant of the the captain saw her and decided that no change of course was necessary it was the rule of the road that the steamer should keep out of the way and the young officers had been instructed always strictly to follow the rule at whatever apparent peril the steamer was french and she passed so near the that a could have been thrown from one vessel to the other so that it might have hit the gray haired man on the deck of the stranger who shouted with all his might and otherwise acted like a crazy man when he saw the it was what is the matter with that man said he acts as though he was insane i don t know replied scott but i think he is taking his morning exercise but he hke a madman he seems to be his mind of something he is talking at us that is said o stepping up and touching his cap to the captain has recognized and is frightened out of her wits tell her not to be alarmed italy and i o returned to who was crouching under the in mortal terror he assured her it be impossible for to pursue her at present and as the steamer continued on her course the of the villain were no longer heard it was evident that s agent had been transferred to this vessel some time after the catastrophe to the the with the wind on the beam went off on her course and at sunrise passed between and without any of the difficulties which disturbed ancient at the vessels were off one of the islands where rises the like which fire and night and day all the year round but is by no means the terrible looking affair some of tlie pictures resent it to be having obtained an to the northward of the island the little and laid a course for after breakfast the reading of the journals was commenced general view of the houses in the city are built of a kind of white stone which is strongly in contrast with the green behind it and on which it is partly built it is a beautiful place and the climate is one of the finest in europe all around it and on the slopes above it are of orange and trees whose fruit is one of the most important articles of commerce they have in which are trying to the nerves of who winter here it is celebrated in ancient history under the name of the principal street is the after z sunny shores or the italian who helped out the people in the revolution of s it has plenty of squares fountains and statues the market is a covered near the water where the of fish meat and vegetables can make more noise in the same time than any others in the world they yell all the time till they get a customer we went to the garden of the de on the side of the steep hill where we had a magnificent view of the city and of the shores of italy the garden was of flowers orange and trees and tropical plants churches the principal one is the cathedral an building on the outside it looks low and gloomy but the interior is full of objects of interest to the lover of art the finely carved marble pulpit and the are worthy of attention when the city was in a shot struck the pulpit breaking off a piece and doing	36
other mischief behind the altar is the celebrated letter from the virgin who took the city under her protection it is claimed that st paul visited on his travels and converted the people to christianity he wrote a letter of to tlie virgin in who returned the which is now so cherished in this church it is in latin the copy only is to be seen printed in large gilt letters in the the devout are treated to a sight of st paul s ai m some of st mark s blood mary s skull and a lock of the virgin s hair which she sent witli the letter young america in italy and o cape after one has travelled nearly all over europe the of will be more attractive than the city itself we m a trip to the which is the cape at the north east of we went along the shore of the strait with the mountains of in sight all the way wc passed several churches and through an forming part of one circular it shape called la we had a good chance to see the people in the villages on the road especially the beggars who ran out for a harvest we did not accommodate them it was not safe to do so for charity instead of being twice blessed here brings an army of to the we noticed that some hedges were composed of which is a good idea where this plant will grow we preferred to go around rather than through these hedges is a fishing village wc got out of it as soon as possible and hastened to the sandy point which is one of three corners of ancient an old tower used as a was once improved as a fort the strait is about two miles wide here and the lions of the locality are and the former is a square mass of rock running out into the water where the waves break upon it the shore on tlie italian side rises abruptly from it just where the terrible of was situated no one knows in several places there was some commotion in the water caused by counter currents and sometimes there is stir enough to a small open boat sunny shores or in avoiding this the ancient were thrown upon the dangerous rock on the other side and and is the classic illustration of getting into one scrape by attempting to avoid another on the beach at the north side of the island we had our first view of with the curling smoke rising from the summit the islands which yield a good crop of and supply europe with stone were in sight the stone thrown up by and to the shore and we picked up all the specimens we wanted in july and august they catch sword fish in the strait which are and secured as at our guide told us a fish story it was about the man fish his name was he was born in in but resided in he took to the water in infancy and spent the greater part of his time in the sea he was quite at home there to the deepest recesses and visiting all the neighboring shores swimming with marvellous speed the king heard of him and to try his powers threw a gold cup into one of the brought it up he did it a second time hut the third time he was so exhausted by his former that he did not come back again and mourned the loss of her singular citizen at daylight the next morning the and were at anchor in the port of with towering far above them at four o clock in the afternoon the american young america in italy and prince out of the harbor of it was a very exciting time to the students on board of her as the expressed it the anchor was up with like those of a fire engine attached to a patent the pilot was in the wheel house and when the anchor was the great bell in the engine room sounded the water began to boil under the counter and the steamer went ahead very slowly after the anchor was secured there was nothing for the crew to do except that four were detailed for the wheel all hands were on the top gallant and deck observing the movements of the vessel and gazing at the scenery on either side as soon as the steamer was clear of the port the pilot rang the speed bell which so that it may not be mistaken for the and the prince went ahead at full speed a single stroke of the was the signal to start the engine or if in motion to stop it and two strokes to back it the or speed bell indicated go ahead at full speed or slow down according o the circumstances in going into port when near the a or the speed bell was rung to slow down and usually this signal preceded the single of the to start her this system is than that used in the w here one bell ahead slow two stop three back md four ahead fast the pilot was discharged when the ship was clear if the strait and all hands except the quarter watch down the wind was too nearly ahead o sunny shores or to make any use of the sails for the principal ordered the course to be laid outside of the islands in order to enable the students to see and at four o clock in the morning the american prince the remained two days in port and then sailed for probably did not ascertain where the had gone in season to follow her to for much to the relief of he did not appear to claim her as soon as the vessels sailed the reading of the journals was continued general	36
procession throughout the whole city the man went home and was taken sick at once he told his of his interview with the saint and died within the time stated the bones of the saint were transported through the streets as required and the immediately ceased since that time has been the patron saint of the city and every year the event is by a procession and which last five days the saint s car which is draped through the principal streets by thirty four oxen is a structure sixty feet long thirty feet wide and eighty feet high rising above the roofs of the highest houses it is with the and bears a band of music land on the bow shouted the of the it was a morning with the of italian skies and the of italian airs the two were dancing over the waves and the american prince was just coming in sight over the it is the island of upon me o who was pacing the quarter deck with young america in a an hour later the steep cliffs of the island were abreast of the vessel and those on had their first view of the beautiful bay of with sending up to the blue sky its of white smoke in the front with and on one side and with and on the other the enthusiastic students were filled with admiration and expressed their delight in no measured terms behold smoking like a giant of the i behold but it seems to me it like any other answered scott it isn t much of a smoke and we have a at home that would put that fire out in two minutes see and die shouted o divide the question added scott in the middle of the the off tjie port at a convenient distance from the shore as soon as the yards were and everything was put in order on board the tops and were filled with students taking a general view of do you think and my uncle have arrived yet asked i am afraid not it is hardly time for them allowing for some delay of the letter on the way replied o boat alongside said one of the officers at this moment the accommodation steps had been out for the health officers and the boat had hardly been reported before a gray haired man rushed up the side mercy it is cried as she saw ia sunny shores or him and shrank back to the remotest part of the quarter deck ah i have found yon i i never fail said the villain moving towards her you will fail this time interposed o stepping in front of him who is this demanded mr his tion attracted hy the furious manner of the italian i am and i want that young lady replied the villain in good english you can t have her moreover we don t allow visitors on board of this vessel till we are ready to receive them added the vice principal sternly but the lady is in my charge she was committed to my care by her guardian pleaded the italian with less enthusiasm if the lady wishes to go with you she may come the boat is waiting for you added in his own language i will not go replied the trembling maiden you must go your friends in egypt are waiting for you why did you leave the steamer let me answer for her interposed o she left the steamer because she discovered that you were a villain and the agent of instead of her uncle her uncle of sent me to take charge of her replied warmly as though he what he said you are the agent of we will have no words said mr pointing to the leave the vessel at once young america in italy and but the young lady pass the word for mr added the vice and as was still disposed to ai e the question he was helped over the side into his boat foaming with rage he directed his to pull for the shore and breathed freely again shores or chapter and in the afternoon the students of the went on shore and after a walk through the di the principal street of the city ascended tjie long hill to the castle of st adjoining which is the of san from the windows the view of and the bay is grand and beautiful the next day different parties visited the museum the principal churches and made excursions to and the so as to avoid crowds this system of sight seeing was continued for several days and then came the steamer to and i visited all the objects of interest o and the vice principal every day they went to the post office but there was not a letter for the fair italian her uncle was expected to present himself on board of the as soon as he arrived but nothing was seen of him and no letter came in reply to the one sent from why do i not hear from him asked anxiously on the fourth day i m sure i don t understand it replied o it does not take more than eight or ten hours to come from to young america in italy and my letter was rightly directed and i am sure my uncle would start at once if he received it if he is ill would not delay his departure a single day perhaps we have been stupid and made a mistake added o musing what mistake can we o inquired the fair fugitive much troubled possibly wrote to his after your departure and it may be that your uncle of your leaving if wrote at all to the latter would know that he had not gone to egypt it is very likely that your uncle has discovered the practised upon you and he	36
has left fo ia to seek me in and to follow me from there my letter is waiting for him at added very likely how very unfortunate and what shall i do it is not necessary for you to do anything we will telegraph to and that you are on board of the and your friends can meet you at or you shall be protected as long as you are in this vessel if attempts to apply the law we can prove that he is a and turn the tables upon him but he will not call upon the police to aid him he is too cunning for that i owe everything to you o and i am sure you will do all you can for me you have been very kind to me l sunny shores or i have been very glad to serve you i will obtain permission to go on shore to send the and while i am in the city i will call at the post office again the officer wrote the merely stating where was and obtaining the desired leave he went on shore in the third in an hour he returned and this time with a letter for the anxious it is s writing said she delighted with the letter where is it from not from fo ia she turned the letter so as to read the post mark where is it asked o i m sure i don t know where that is and i am no better informed i will ascertain and o went below he found that was a in the between and returning to the deck he was not a little surprised to find much agitated with the open letter in her hand o my poor uncle she exclaimed what misfortunes i bring upon him the matter she handed him the letter that he might read for himself which her emotion did not permit her to do aloud it was written by and stated that on the receipt of s letter from he and her uncle had started for they were obliged to cross the mountains in a carriage and in descending a steep hill the vehicle had been the writer was not hurt but young america in italy and had broken a leg and was otherwise severely injured her uncle was quite feeble in health and feared he would die he could not leave him and her uncle desired very much indeed to see her before his death the poor girl was in the deepest distress and it was in vain that o tried to comfort her she desired to go at once to which was on the way to her home the young officer carefully examined his and ascertained that a train would leave for where she could take a carriage at and that she could reach her destination at midnight mr was consulted and he promptly detailed o to attend her upon her journey there was no time to spare and at the appointed hour the travellers were at the station at half past eleven they reached where the young officer engaged a carriage to convey them to as they were ascending a steep hill three men out from the side of the road and leaped upon the vehicle exclaimed o seriously alarmed for he knew that parties had been captured by these even within a few miles of exercised her right to scream when one of the clapped his hand over her mouth and silenced her o found himself dragged from the carriage without any t of ceremony and he was afraid the would shoot him if he attempted any resistance through the night and tlie gloom they were conducted up a steep hill side till they came to a into which the l sunny shores or them their used no violence though the principal one exhibiting a pistol intimated that he would shoot o if he attempted to escape he assured that no harm of any kind would come to her a chamber with a bed in it was assigned to her but her companion was compelled to camp on tlie floor with his new friends o was not at all alarmed about himself he only feared for his fair fellow traveller he at once proposed to the amount of the which be doubted not had been the motive for the capture the were good natured but declined to mention any sum till the next day and we must leave him thus situated to return to the on board of the o was expected back the next day he did not come nor on the following day and then the vessel sailed for the reading of the journals relating to was then in order general view of scott is a kind of stone it is not so bard as granite it is nearly as soft as cheese it is not so hard as dutch cheese which general what s his name used for his guns when he was pretty much out of cannon balls would not make good they use it io build houses with in it is not a success it away if rome had been built of there would have been nothing left of it but a heap of sand it was not built of i saw men in building houses ff they in italy and it into shape with the of is a one horse half a mile long twenty feet wide and seventy five feet high through the hill near the sea it leads to the of it is nearer to go there through the than over the hill it makes a soft thing for it was a soft thing for the who cut thi the hill went through it in the time of tlie and it was old then near the entrance is the tomb of whether there is any vii in it or not i don	36
t know but i am willing to sacrifice and reverently place tlie ashes of the r volume in one of the was a great poet i should have a him better if he had written his poems in english he had a country house at and wrote the and there and perhaps the if not then in on the other side there is a lake whose waters are good for the the cane is not a good place for dogs from the dog side view of the matter from a hole in the side of the hill gas comes up from the earth c a gas is not healthy and they hold dogs over it by the heels to show the effect it don t agree witli the dog and he goes into i wanted to hold the man that did it over the stream of gas a pistol won t pop in it and it puts out a torch at st paul on his voyage to rome rested for seven days no he visited the temple of and landed at the built by but mr scott you were called upon to read the general view interposed the vice principal shores or i thought my view was very general i began at the north and was going around the city replied the as he turned several leaves and his reading is built on the slopes of a string of hills it is a big city it has thirteen hundred streets and several inhabitants it is old it was in the hands of the the the in old times and the and have owned it in more modern days the climate is nice but the is not first class and many english and americans have died of the the is the principal street and extends nearly across the city in some places it is quite narrow it is as lively as a all day and nearly all night most of the stories of the houses have where the ladies sit they sun themselves on the also it is not fashionable for any ladies in italy above the rank of shop girl to walk in the streets except to church decayed families ride in decayed carriages and show themselves on the villa and other public the of are rather celebrated they are poor people they have make them scratch but they have to scratch for other reasons they don t scratch gravel they scratch their heads most writers call all poor people of i am not one of these writers i go for the truth of history the original were and they have improved their manners and morals and are as respectable as any hard working men who young america in italy and have all the poor people called by their name and after the truth of history i do not object to the name only to the and other with too many legs they get their name from the of scripture the beggar if they don t eat horse flesh they are otherwise hard on it a is a two wheeled vehicle like a chaise drawn by one horse and generally a small one at that i counted in on and hanging upon one of them eighteen persons one priest three women and twelve they were jolly as people always are in spite of the they as all the do in the there was too much and too little horse i saw a team i liked better it was a cart drawn by one horse one bull one donkey and one cow it was novel was a in he got up an against the and whipped them out he fought the battle was made was and followed to the grave by eighty thousand people ail in nine days on these events wrote the opera named after the hero and gloves are cheap in coral is the and nobody believes you have been to unless you show a coral ice are celebrated the theatre of san is one of the largest in the world the alexander the new of is a beautiful place with groves flowers and marble monuments a portion of it is laid out in streets closely lined on both sunny shores oh sides with and of rich architecture adorned with statues and bass here and in the churches of the city the nobility and the rich are buried the remains of the poor are treated in the most outrageous manner the bodies are collected from the or brought in by the relatives to the number of about a day they are placed in a where the funeral rites are performed en by the resident priests the are then stripped of their clothing and are ready for burial three hundred and sixty five each about twenty feet sc are provided for their reception and one is opened every day at sunset the covering a round hole opening into the vault is removed the body is taken by the heels and lowered into the and swung till its will carry it to one side of the chamber and then let go is thrown in to hasten and the vault is closed not to be opened again for a year though for a fee the men in charge will open any of them for visitors it was really horrible especially when it is said the rats feed upon the contents of these the churches of the city has over three hundred churches the or cathedral is six hundred years old and contains the of charles i of charles and other royal personages the church i rich in pictures and in the of is the chapel of san oi st containing two of his blood which three times a year on great church occasions r italy and this miracle thousands of pious to the city and is one of the lions of about five hundred years old has the most beautiful	36
ten thousand persons could be seated in this which was about one third of the population of the city the people were assembled in this place when the of the commenced from which they made their escape and the fact that so many people were here accounts for the comparatively small number of found in the ruins i could fill my journal through with accounts of what i saw and what i read about in tlie buried city and i put in all i had time to write other students were called upon to the report of the last reader until nearly every building in had been described or mentioned for the library contained many volumes which treated of the subject young america in italy and i the ascent of the ascent of the has been reduced to a science in the charges a ch ir or with four costs thirty it is like a kitchen chair lashed to a couple of tlie ends of which rest on the shoulders or in the hands of the men old men and ladies use this conveyance in ascending the a guide who speaks a little french and english is paid six the from to the foot of the one for each and one for the guide cost five each a man who takes care of the horses while the party go up to the is paid a for each animal the walking stick is half a and this is the part of the science the ascent for two men rather weak in body and mind costs about fifteen dollars including the which the mental weakness them to be out of by the guides and one strong in body and mind may go up for two or three dollars our party had eighteen horses six guides and no walking sticks we rode by turns and when we started we were pursued by a thousand or so of who wanted to help us the were not fast horses and these fellows volunteered to urge them forward and them with clubs and hanging on at their tails my pony understood these beggars first rate for when one of them got hold of his tail he gave him a of heels this made the rascal mad and he began to hammer him with a stick and the brute sunny shores or kicked up and upset him to the great amusement of crowd i might add that he very nearly upset me at the same time for i am not much of a except when i the fore yard of the these followed us half a mile or so and then had the impudence to demand for their service we were all of one mind on this subject and the did not get a red out of us they returned in disgust and we continued on our way up a kind of lane in which the heavy rains had washed till it was a hard road to travel we soon came to the fields of s the stuff had rolled down the side of the mountain like soft mud and had hardened into rock in all sorts of formerly there was a good carriage road up to the but most of it had been covered with over which a path had been made thousands of acres had been in this way and on the verge of civilization in these upper regions we came to a cottage surrounded with which the streams of had narrowly nearly sixty are recorded and in many instances since the burying of and farms houses and villages have been destroyed the is a tavern which supplies to travellers the wine most in use here is called tear of christ we stopped here a little while and bought some specimens of found in the vicinity including of the pope of rome in beyond this hotel the road is very rough and after we had passed the of the young america in italy and it was up hill and down in places the had to step down about two feet from rock to rock nearly our over their heads at the foot of the we halted and left the horses in charge of the men who had come up for the purpose a score of men offered their services to assist in pulling us up the and some of us were glad enough to use them men went up with us each carrying a basket containing bread wine and eggs with which they expected to get up a lively trade in the regions above on the a path had been made of of but the ashes and were ankle deep and were ten times worse than the loose sands of cape to walk in the ascent is at an angle of about forty five degrees and this with the impossibility of getting a decent takes the wind out of a fellow in going about fifty feet then we wanted men one of them threw the leather over his shoulder and i put both hands in the he was used to this kind of walking and dragged me up faster than i wanted to go half a dozen fellows got hold of me in a line and the man tu ed away with all his might for a time he discovered the joke when he stopped and began to swear in italian which did not hurt us any for we could not understand him when he let go three of the fellows were nearly pitched to the bottom of the after a while we got up to the out of wind and out of pluck and with hardly a dry thread in our clothes the wind sharp and cold but of us got behind a of ti sunny shores or hole in the ground from which issued smoke and heat we rested a while and ate some of a man s dry bread	36
as the vice principal was present we did not drink any of his wine because we were all men in principle then we walked up to the it was an ugly and the wind drove the smoke and into our faces so that we were nearly choked the guide told us to stop our mouths and noses with our handkerchiefs we got one od look into the and that was all it was a hideous abyss from which steam gas and a dense smoke issued we could not stand the gas which like burning and we fled in hot haste three minutes more of it would have stifled me as we walked towards we came to several holes in the mountain sending forth smoke steam and gas one of them was eight or ten feet in and looked as i as itself we decided that we would not fall into it for a quarter or any other price the guide threw his handkerchief in but the blast of hot air carried it up at once we with handkerchiefs gloves and newspapers all of which could not be induced to go down but were thrown high in the air above the pit near it the lunch men eggs in the hot which were done to a turn but as the fellow had no salt we declined to purchase more than one of them i stuck my hands into several holes which were so hot i could not hold them there the air in them felt like hot steam around these quantities of collected and we brought away enough of it to make a million matches more or young america in italy and above the great rises a steep which has a look like grass which was caused by the upon it we did not climb this steep but we around it in the ashes and so deep we could hardly step the view of the sea and the town beneath us was magnificent horses below look like and men like we went down by the path we had come up the descent was easy and a fellow could have rolled down faster than he wanted to go an elderly englishman who had made the ascent in a i went down at the time we did two of his took him one each arm and trotted him down as two take a to the when he is i whistled a student when he had gone two thirds of the way down they loaded him into the chair again and him to the bottom when we reached the place where we had left the guides men lunch men chair men and a score of whom we had not seen before modestly put in their claims for they told us in good italian what they had done for us how much they were honored by our presence in those upper regions and what exceedingly nice young gentlemen we were i suppose they said this it was natural for them to say it if they did not we paid our men and none others they were not complimentary when we turned our backs to them the place where we left our horses was a kind of valley between the of and a height called the form of the mountain has shores or changed many times according to the records and observations of the past and possibly the original was over valley i don t at any rate i don t see where au the stuff came from that buried the two cities at its foot on the way back we stopped to see what is to be seen of the city is under and it was buried in mud and at the time of the destruction of which was covered witli ashes and the mud liad hardened into a kind of and it is not easy to dig through it so tliat not much of the city has been it is buried to the depth of from seventy to one hundred and ten feet all that is worth seeing of it now are the remains of an ancient theatre which is supposed to have been large enough to ten people the visitor armed vith lighted candles into the of tlie earth as it appears and following several winding galleries is enabled to make out the form of the building it was a wet dark and disagreeable hole without much the guide will you for two a photograph of the theatre made from a drawing of the building restored america in italy and chapter xxii the good natured o did not sleep well in the in the his father was a highly educated who had spent many years of his life in italy in the english service he had married an italian lady and the young lieutenant as he had told hia was born under the sunny skies of mother s native land his earlier years were spent there and he learned the italian language as his mother tongue and only learned english when his father returned for a couple of years to ireland mr o spoke his own language with a rich and gentlemanly which made it softer and more musical to the ear of his friends and his son naturally acquired it from him when the young man was only fourteen his father was appointed to an important and in the united states where he largely increased his income by his literary labors the boy was just a little wild and to correct this tendency he was sent to the academy ship he had kept up his familiarity with the italian language and was interested in its literature though perhaps he knew more about the of his native land than of and at any rate he felt quite at s sunny shores or home among the former and if had been safe under the protection of lier uncle he would have rather enjoyed	36
the adventure o did not sleep well because his bed was hard and because he was watching his opportunity to escape one of his had left the room in which the prisoner was confined probably to watch over and of the other two one lay on each side of him as the night advanced he beard his guard he raised himself to a sitting and tried to peer through the gloom that sur him he stood up and attempted to over tlie form of one of the but in doing he placed his foot fairly upon the hand of one of them the fellow sprang to his feet and threw his arms around him o heard at the same time the click of a pistol lock what s the matter what are you doing he demanded recovering his self possession why did you w me wake you exclaimed one of the you are trying to escape you shall be shot if you attempt to leave this house i often get up in my sleep added the young officer boldly at tliis moment the third who appeared to be the chief of the party entered the room with a lantern in one hand and a pistol in the other o and yawned vigorously as though he had just been roused from a deep slumber shoot him if he attempts to escape said the chief j savagely h young america in italy and i got up in my sleep without knowing what i was doing answered the prisoner with another fearful of course i have no wish to leave your pleasant company i got up in my sleep and walked seven miles without waking when i was a boy j and if you don t believe it you can ask my mother evidently the chief did not believe and the witness was not present to the statement a rope was brought in and o was tied hand and foot with his arms behind him then he was thrown upon the floor and his situation was anything but comfortable he realized that he had been altogether too and that it would have been more to wait for a better opportunity before he proceeded to action but he was tired and after a while in spite of the discomfort of his condition he dropped asleep when he awoke one of the was removing the rope which bound him and the sun was shining brightly in at the open door another was stirring the contents of a large iron kettle over the fire how do you feel this morning asked as o had heard his companions call him with a good natured laugh well except a headache which you gave me by me so suddenly replied the prisoner you ought to be thankful that you have a head to ache for my orders were to shoot you if you attempted to get away laughed i am thankful but where is the in her room how much is our to be sunny shores or i don t know answers all questions i you are a good fellow but i am afraid you will die with a around your neck said o shaking his head better be hanged than starve chuckled the fellow you shall never starve while you have a friend in me added o in a whisper but the good natured was not disposed to be confidential at least not in the presence of a third person half an hour later a wooden bowl of the contents of the kettle over the fire was given him it was a kind of mutton heavily with but it was quite and o fortified himself for whatever the day might have in store for him he saw two other of the food carried out of the room which he were for and the chief after the meal was finished the door was closed and fastened a up before the only window in the room what s that for asked o beginning to fear that some mischief to his person was intended inquire of laughed o heard the voice of the chief outside of the but the spoke so low he could not understand what was said he tried to look out at the window but promptly interfered and prevented him from doing bo he heard nothing more and his confinement was becoming very irksome to him his would give him no information of any kind in regard to their intended movements he kept himself aa quiet as he could for young america in italy and a couple of hours and then in his desperation he began to consider his chances of success in an attempt to tlie pistol from the belt of the good if he could get possession of the weapon he believed he his two for this was the only fire arm between them but before he had time to conclude upon the the door opened and entered the room you may go now said the chief with a smile rather sinister though compared with that of tom and the demanded o not a little startled by the permission she has gone already answered where has she gone o was stunned at this intelligence for the course of the was very different from that of any others of whom he had read in english or italian i don t know where she has gone replied will show you the way to the road the chief would say no more and o left the with the good natured as his guide descending the mountain by the path they had taken the night before they soon reached the road at the point where the attack upon the carriage had been made early in the morning there been a heavy which thoroughly washed the drive way removing all traces of the wheels made before it o was quick to make use of the information	36
thus imparted to him the marks of only a single carriage drawn by two horses were to be seen in the washed sands of the road it had evidently stopped sunny shores or at the of the mountain path with the highway for the prints of the horses hoofs were more abundant there i don t understand this business said o very much perplexed and very anxious about can you tell me where the lady is i don t know are you a no at least not now we have all served on the road but the government is too sharp at the present time why we captured you did not rob us nor fix a for our release i don t know laughed would a piece of gold your wits i am commanded not to rob you and i dare not do il you are a very honest fellow no doubt tell me what you know added o giving the man a napoleon or twenty thanks but i know little or nothing you ran away with the who is a beautiful girl and rich was employed to stop you and this morning he gave the lady back to her uncle who was to come to this place for her in the morning the was mostly done by telegraph which spoils the plans of the i know no more have you seen the s uncle never though s story was all a fiction it enabled o to the mystery the supposed were simply the agents of who had young in italy and written the letter and the signature of the villain had certainly managed his case well except in the item of permitting tlie release of the prisoner so soon if he had permitted it o parted with the good and followed tlie prints of the carriage in the road he was troubled about the fate of and he veiy rapidly he remembered a small village which lie had passed before the capture and he hoped to find horses there which would enable him to pursue the carriage of after he had walked an hour he met a mule cart loaded with he questioned the driver who had passed the carriage two hours before it contained a lady and an elderly gentleman the latter with white hair and beard the description was that of the young officer had no doubt that he was conveying his prisoner to where he would again with her in one of the for while he was over the success of the enemy the diligence which connected the of the unfinished railroad came down the hill with the horses at full gallop the conductor he obtained a seat for and as the stage connected with the train to o hoped to arrive there before the departure of and his ge in the mean time the american prince and her two had arrived at which is the of rome forty five miles distant and reached in two hours by the express train the and forming the harbor were built by j sunny shores or but there is nothing in the town to interest a from and other ports land their passengers for rome at this old town and perhaps profane men have indulged in more hard swearing at this point than at any other port on the coast of italy in consequence of the trials and hardships of the system which was enforced with the utmost by the government no one was allowed to land or to pass into the roman territory by railroad unless his was by a which could only be done in a few of the larger cities of europe or by the spanish at or less than two months before the arrival of the academy the troops of the king of italy had made a breach in the walls of rome and entered the eternal city from this moment the whole miserable system was and rome as they do any other city of italy of course all the students were anxious to visit rome which many of them justly regarded as the most interesting and important city included in their tour of europe a majority of had studied latin and history enough to be able to appreciate the wonders of the ancient city and to be eager to behold them mr s agent in the city had engaged for the entire party and at seven o clock in the morning all hands were seated in the long train which was to convey them to the capital on their arrival they marched to several hotels in which they were to lodge jn or in the vicinity of the di and this part of the city is often called the quarter young america italy and the students remained in a week a very brief period in which to obtain even a tolerable idea of the wonders of the ancient and modern city in the evenings they staid in their rooms and wrote up th e journal of the day their blank books and even their stock of white paper were exhausted in their efforts to describe with some degree of the objects of interest they saw indeed the idea of giving anything like a description of rome in less space than a volume is absurd as soon as the sailed for the reading of the journals was resumed general view of rome rome is in about the latitude of new haven it is built on a sloping plain and rock a great part of it it is fourteen miles from tbe sea on the which is for small vessels the city is nearer the form of a square than any other figure and the runs through the western part leaving seven of the territory within the walls on the east side nearly all the old part is in the latter division the celebrated seven hills of rome are still in the city included within	36
the walls of built some more walls taking in the hill which rises from the di and the through the middle of which extends the the of rome though it is rather the or hill is far a sunny shores or from the centre of tlie city at the east of it are the and hills while at the south of it are the and hills standing on the and looking to the between tlie and one sees the half a mile distant south of the are the immense ruins of the of near the walls between the and the are the of the temples of and of the arches of and the of and other of the of rome the only ancient building west of the river is the of a vast circular structure on a square surrounded by in which of the emperor and many of his were deposited it is now the famous fortress and called the castle of st a covered way it with the pope s palace nearly half a mile distant west of this are the and the church of st peter there are four bridges over the and the ruins of two others are to be seen in the river the present walls of rome are twelve miles in extent they are built of brick and are about fifty feet high on the outside they have twelve gates the or way is the road that passes through the gate of st on the south and the led out at the gate of the same name now closed near the on the italian soldiers made the breach in the walls in italy and which satisfied the pope that he had carried his resistance far enough and the city was given up two marble statues in at this had their knocked off by cannon shot and the structure was otherwise by the fire of the on the north side of the city is the with the just within it from which the runs through the centre of the part of the city while two other important avenues same point outside of the walls the roads are lined w ith the ruins of and other which were in use a couple of thousand years ago and more one in rome and stands ready to touch his cap to j s m or of the old fellows who made things jolly in rome ten or fifteen hundred years e america was discovered modern rome is celebrated for roman used to increase the attractions of pretty girls just now priests are at a in the city and the pope is not happy though the people are nearly all they welcomed the troops of the king of italy them dined and them arid listened to the music of their brass trumpet bands it is said that the of the masculine don t hke the priests though the female pity and with them and even help them with money when they can there are only about twenty thousand and priests and half as many enough to people a good sized city with inhabitants the italian government has the in other parts of italy and doubtless it will do the same in rome the streets are full of men attached to the various religious orders and one sees in red in white in brown some and some shod some ragged and dirty and some clean and tidy some of our party thought they would do better service to the country as than as and some thought the pope was cruelly persecuted and that the and priests were the salt of the earth i expected to see many people in the streets with strange on women with that square thing on the head as seen in the pictures but i did not observe anything odd either in the men or women except a few and a couple of very pretty females on the staircase in the di in stage dresses who are the models for the artists walking through the i noticed any quantity of of the pope and the priests the italian flag was displayed in every possible place every or wine shop and every cigar shop had one the italian soldiers were in high favor with the people who seemed to feel tliat they were their from bondage the this old heathen temple the most perfect of the ancient in rome was near the centre of the it is a circular building with a in front built by m the particular friend of j who was also his father in law in the year a b c there is no mistake about this building and though nobody knows certainly what young america in italy and was its use no doubt j m and hundreds of other and warriors who were rather celebrated in their day have stood within its walls it was inspiring to be where j had been and we went in the interior is one hundred and forty three feet in and about the same in height it is lighted only by a circular in the top of the dome twenty eight feet across in the walls may be seen several for the statues of gods and great men it became a christian church in the year io and contains the of many noted among them that of who died in at the age of thirty seven the is built of brick and was covered with and marble which with tlie gilded bronze of the roof have been removed by hands not far from this church are the ruins of the theatre of in whose of a hundred columns eat as on the day that j was and near it was the house where at the feet of s statue which all the while ran blood great fell nothing is to be seen but a few old rocks and one has to think	36
of and the old fellows to make them interesting this was the hill of the kingdom and tlie republic it is composed of rock and some of its sides were in former times but it is now only sunny shores ok one hundred and fifty one feet above the level of the sea the ascent to the square of the is by a very gradual flight of stairs at the head of which are two colossal statues of and holding their horses in marble these and other works of art which adorn tlie palace were dug out of the ruins in various parts of the city the square is called the after the italian name of the in the centre of it is the statue of which michael considered first class and he ought to have known about here made his speech to the people after the murder of j as reported by w shakespeare who was there in which he invited the to lend him their ears which proves that was not with ears and was not a donkey five hundred and odd years before christ the temple of stood on this hill nothing of which is left on the same spot was the so called because it contained the tables of the laws it was built of vast blocks of tlie foundation of which still remains the modern or city hall resting upon it it is surmounted by a three story square tower which contains a big bell rung only at the death of a pope and the opening of the though i believe they got a little music out of it when the italian soldiers came into the city two months ago probably his don t like the looks of the italian flag which upon it every day at the present time the museum which is a capital museum is in this building and contains any quantity of old america m italy and dug up fi om the ruins of the city some of the pieces are the models of art at the present time including the dying and the of the picture gallery has plenty of the old masters on one side of the hill we got a glance at the rock but the ground under it has been raised so much by the rubbish of the ages that it might not hurt a traitor very much to pitch him off now the guides show a precipice in a garden seventy feet high as the rock and it is difficult to point out the original we went down the hill by a staircase on the east of the which is the nearest way to the sunny shores or chapter the eternal city i on the slope of the hill near the are the celebrated extending into the solid rock under the buildings they are entered through the small church of san in or st peter in prison they have been fixed up somewhat in modern times for a staircase now leads down to an awful where in the days of prisoners were lowered through a hole in the ceiling the were in this place here committed suicide was starved by and caused a gallant enemy to be put to death here men of whom we read suffered and died half a century before the time of christ this was also the prison of peter and paul according to roman tradition and a column is pointed out to which these were bound for nine months there is a spring of good water where all our party took a drink which appeared in answer to the prayers of peter to enable him to his two but the story is a little by the fact that the fountain is mentioned in connection young america in italy and with the imprisonment of a century before christ tlie of the who happened to be witli us believes that peter and paul were both confined in this and he read to us from his pocket the address of each to the christian world as recorded in second peter and second there was something very solemn about the reading in that place the the of is near the a short distance from the the principal object of attraction here is the column of about one hundred and feet high it is made of marble with bass the wars in formerly it was crowned with a statue of but it tumbled ofl and st peter was put up to take its place the urn containing the ashes of the emperor was placed in the lower part of it besides this column the of a great many pillars are to be seen there are plenty of other but the thing is the a considerable portion of which has been dug up the level of the ground was twenty four feet lower in the days of than it is now so that the buildings on the and other hills far above those in the the roman met in the which contained many of the principal temples and arches a picture of the restored has been made of the temple of the pavement of colored marble remains three beautiful columns of the temple sunny shores or of and eight of the temple of are standing at the foot of the hill the arch of in front of them built in is in a very good state of preservation and the inscription upon it is quite plain a staircase on one side leads to the top of the structure on which formerly stood a chariot drawn by six horses abreast the foundation of the of which was a court house and exchange in modern speech has been and near it are three pillars of the temple of and in front of the is the column of three immense arches are all that remain of the of the of is one of the best preserved monuments of	36
of and are pointed out it was the hill or the hill of rome on this hi as most of tlie others in the city there are picturesque and beautiful gardens laid out from the height above the arch of may be obtained a fine view of the it is the site of the garden of and the scene of the of st a picture of which representing the saint tied to a tree and with arrows may be seen in nearly every city of europe he was a yoimg captain of the guard and having experienced religion he was shot with arrows because he refused to it a christian woman looking for his remains possibly with an idea of their future value as relics found him alive took care of him and restored him to health but being moved to with in s he went into his italy and ence for this purpose when he was beaten to death with clubs and thrown into a this time no woman helped him out though his body was recovered and in the ninth century his bones were scattered over europe as an against the plague on the west side of the hill we looked down into the which lies between the and hills nothing is left of it but some piles of brick work at tlie e nd where tlie used to start in the races it was first built six hundred years before christ was by j burned in s fire and restored by and it was about three of a mile long and a thousand feet wide with ends its three rows of seats would two hundred and fifty thousand people the ground where the great was was originally low and and six hundred years before christ built the great or drain called the it is an twelve feet high where it enters the the certainly built better than tliey knew for expresses his surprise that seven hundred years of and other had not disturbed it and after twenty five centuries of service to day it is as firm and solid as when it was built it is constructed of hard and many of the rocks are five feet long and three feet thick o sunny shores or on the banks of the at the foot of the is a round temple fifty two feet in encircled with columns thirty feet high which is in a remarkable state of preservation it existed in the time of and how much earlier is not known it is called the temple of though it is now supposed to be something else because it has retained the name so long of the twenty columns only one has yet to time it has been consecrated as a chapel the way the a was laid out by b c it was paved and formed a first class road it was built by as far as near and afterwards extended to now within and without the walls it is lined for miles with the of the aristocracy and with the ruins of various it at the site of the gate in the old walls of just south of the it was here that was received by the when he returned in triumph from exile we walked out several miles on this road stopping by the way to see the ruins the of these ruins are on the right of the way going out of the city except the it is the most important ruin in rome the original structure was over seven hundred feet long and nearly four young america in italy and hundred wide and stood in a enclosed space one of the big whose great arches ar seen all about the city connected with it the form of its vast halls its its and has been made out and its floors richly paved in are to be seen the small chambers for are open and the apparatus for supplying and hot water is traced out a vi staircase leads to the top of the ruined walls which affords a fine view of tlie country the immense arches under which the gay and roman away their hours still stand these were commenced by in is and finished by alexander they sixteen hundred at once with hot cold and the tomb of the green less than half a mile beyond the of is a small consisting of square passages and rooms out of the w hich is the tomb of the provided with candles we entered the dark hole it was discovered in and the indicated that quite a number of including a son of s was buried here thus sang the tomb contains no the very lie of their heroic thb is the latin for dove or pigeon house and as the ancient seem to jf sunny shores or have understood latin this word was applied to a vault whose were filled with like pigeon in which were placed the ashes of the dead after the bodies had been burned i went down into one of these by the old staircase within it i should say the place like a was about fifteen feet square and rather more than that in depth on the four sides were small or arches looking a little like the opening to an old fashioned brick oven in each of them were two set in the brick work with covers over them i stuck my hand in and took out a handful of ashes and bits of bones which may have belonged to some heathen roman who helped to peter or paul some of t ie of which there are many in and around the city had a pillar in the centre supporting a roof during the time of the first or burning the dead was universal but before their time bodies were buried and the custom was restored in the fifth or sixth centuries the jews and	36
christians never practised it but buried their dead in the some of the were owned by who sold the for the most they could get the of ward the of rome are out of the soft and there are about sixty of them all outside of the walls they were exclusively used by the jews and christians never by the they consist of galleries like from three to five feet wide at no great depth below the surface of the ground and occasionally small rooms open from young america ik italy and these passage ways the early christians used these for purposes of worship when they were persecuted by the government and the people and many of the little apartments are consecrated in some instances three or four are one beneath another there are said to be not less than three hundred and fifty miles of these galleries or in all the and an attempt has been made to figure up the number of bodies in them the estimate of the writer on the subject being six millions it is supposed that the use of the as began soon after the of st peter we went down a broad flight of steps into the of which formerly consisted of several now united into one this is one of die most important because many have been found within it and because many of the earlier were buried in its recesses from this and others the relics of the saints have been obtained and though they were once filled with the dead hardly a bone or a body now remains in them we wandered a long distance through the galleries on each side of which recesses are cut in the walls like the in the cabin of a vessel in which the bodies were placed three or four in a range the sides of the small chambers were all composed of in the same manner in some of them an was out where an altar had stood in one of the were two bodies original occupants of the under a glass case but there is little of the human form to be seen sunny shores or in them in other there were a few bones one of which i captured it was a finger bone some of the contain rude paintings noticing that the had been dug out at one end of nearly every i asked the meaning of it and was told hy our guide that a filled witli blood found in these holes indicated that the person buried there was a martyr if a was found in every hole dug out but few of the early christians were permitted to die a natural death for almost every was the last resting place of a martyr one of the apartments not far from the entrance which is deep enough for two rows of is called the because indicate that several were buried here among them ii who suffered in a passage leads from this vault into a still larger one called the of st the martyr whose body was found here and to the church which bears her name she was a noble and wealthy roman married to a heathen about pope i was a particular friend of hers a was sent to her in her own house the roman law allowed but three blows with the axe which were so badly given that she lived days during which she the people with so much sweetness and eloquence that four hundred heathen were converted she gave her property to for the poor and the church in a recess in the wall is a dim picture of the where a lamp was kept burning a picture of st and a roman lady in a rich dress probably intended for the martyr are also to be seen young america in italy and saint two miles from the southern gate of the city is the church of st where the martyr was finally buried here is shown a stone with the prints of two bare feet upon it the tradition is that peter from rome was met by tlie on this spot and said to him to which christ replied these foot marks are said to have been left in tlie stone on which the stood this locality is remarkable for another event after the of peter and paul the eastern christians believing tliat they had the best right to the remains of the great sent to rome to obtain them which they succeeded in doing leaving the city they were detained on this spot by a thunder storm or stopped to make preparations for the journey this delay enabled the roman christians who had discovered what was doing to overtake the body and recover the precious remains which placed temporarily in a vault under this church or in the beneath it we walked through but they are about the same as the others the of long like the great within the city this was for chariot races though much smaller than the other more of it is left to show what a was it was big enough however to accommodate s establishment the outer wall is quite perfect it was built of brick and stone and now o sunny or where the dashed mad career within the and fills the air with the of the temple of is a ruined tower near it the tomb of it is a round tower seventy feet in built of brick and stone the adorned with flowers and the of oxen it was formerly covered with marble which was stolen by viii to make a fountain in the middle of it was a chamber for the remains the lady whom it was j whose maiden name the tomb bears and it was erected by her husband this much we know died the roman s wife behold his love or pride i the palaces op rome the	36
palace was erected by viii and is an immense building it contains a large library and pictures by the old masters the original portrait of by which been and hung up in half the homes of america is here and i can say that i have seen it that was what i went to the palace for perhaps i should not have gone for that if it had not been near the or palace where the are elected and where some of them used to reside ix the present escaped from it and went to during the troubles of it was begun three hundred years ago by xiii was completed and often enlarged by his in italy and till somebody says it is the largest and building the city in this palace is held the election of the the who choose the from their own number march in procession each attended by his secretary and one or two servants to the palace one of that crowd is to be the new pope and i have no doubt the thought makes some of them nervous but there is no chance for and corruption or even for their are locked up in separate apartments not in as some say but each in a small but complete suit of apartments he has his attendants and his food is brought his own house whatever is sent to the cardinal is examined by of the guard who and till the palace during the of the to prevent any communication from without from reaching him the food is passed in by a kind of turn table nobody can see liim till a pope is elected he may receive letters but they are opened and read by the officers to make sure they contain nothing about the election twice a day the vote the is secret and each vote is with the name of the cardinal giving it no one can know how another the b are burned after each trial and the smoke of them issuing from a the crowd outside that no choice has been made when any cardinal receives the required majority the retained for the purpose knock a hole in the great window over the palace which has been up and the first cardinal steps out to inform the people of the election of the pope sunny shores ob the palace of the is near the southern wall of the city so near that tlie buildings were slightly by the shot of the italian it is nearly as far as it can he from the and be in the city for a thousand years it was the residence of the it was burned and not for five hundred years and now contains the museum w ell filled with pictures and ancient it also contains a famous music school established by the great who first introduced music in church which existed through the middle ages the palace of the is on the right of the di san an in front of st peter s the first residence was built here about the j ear in which put up when he came to town it was only used for state occasions and lodging visiting till after the came back from being near the castle of st it was considered a safer place than the and in order to have an anchor out to the pope in built a covered way nearly half a mile to the fortress so that he could beat a retreat on an emergency considered connection with the buildings the museum no doubt it is the most interesting place in the whole world this comprehensive palace consists of an irregular mass of buildings parts of which are joined at a variety of angles without harmony or external beauty it is eleven hundred and fifty one feet long by seven hundred and sixty seven wide has eight twenty courts and about eleven young america in italy a sand apartments of all sizes the entrance is from the right of st peter s the is a staircase as grand as it is curious which was guarded by the pope s soldiers and leads to the decorated with the history of the next to it is the chapel with two by michael of the of peter and the of paul opening from the is the famous named after iv the walls and ceiling are covered with on one side are scenes from the old and on the other from the new testament the new the old the last judgment by michael the end opposite the door and is said to be the painting in the world the artist worked on it seven years the ceiling was also done by him the grand ceremonies of passion week in which the pope takes part are performed in this chapel in the museum are the richest treasures of ancient and modern art and the most instructive and valuable of which i can only mention a few of the most noted the is a wonderful group of described by as standing in the palace of which was discovered in the in it consists of a father and his sons in the folds of the has a world wide fame and there are thousands of other pieces which prove that the knew how to the library some of the most valuable books and in the world the museum contains all manner of dug up in the country for which it is named as h sunny shores or with life figures carved upon them with figures of men on statues and ladies ornaments which had been buried for three years the egyptian museum has its full of and monsters from which one turns with pleasure to look out at the windows into the beautiful garden of the below among the paintings is the by one of the pictures in the world the great painter had hardly finished it hen he	36
stands the celebrated bronze statue of st peter it is of rude but the great toe has been nearly kissed away by devout on high the statue is dressed as a pope in the or the space in the rear of the high altar is the wooden chair believed to have been the throne of st peter himself and his immediate it is in ivory and is regarded as a very precious they have a special festival in its honor eveiy year all around the church are and monuments to and great men among them are the tomb of xiii who gave the world a new the monument of xiii by who mingled with the crowd in the disguise of a priest when it was uncovered in order to hear their opinion of his w the tomb of vii who ci owned napoleon i and was for seven years for declining to give up his power by and a to queen of in the below are many interesting including that of peter and paul the latter contains tlie brought in from the of st one half of the body of st peter is here the other being at the church half of st paul s is also here the other half at the church of st paul outside the walls the ascent to the dome is hy a staircase in which young america in italy and g j all the kings and princes who ever went up have left their on the roof are any quantity of small and a village of workmen live here being employed to keep the structure in repair and save it from accident the great dome rises three hundred feet above the roof and the ball on the top of it will hold sixteen persons in the body of the church are for every language spoken by christians behind the on the left is the palace of the this establishment has long been suppressed everywhere except in the states and here its character has been entirely changed it was by the people in s but restored by the pope and meets in the the old building contains a lofty hall with many deep and it was last used as a for french soldiers the of st john or san in is one of the most celebrated in rome having been for fifteen hundred years the leading church of the world the mother and mistress of all churches as one of its has it it is full of rich and curious treasures and among its relics are the heads of st peter and st paul which are exhibited on sunday and monday and on four other days of the year the pope service here on st john s and on day five general of tlie church have been held in it near this is die building containing the or holy stairs brought by tlie they are believed to have come shores or from s house where they were often ascended and descended by the they are in wood to keep them from being worn out and go up and down on their knees and the passage in this manner takes off two hundred and fifty two years from the account of the in a in the receives and presents a photograph of the stairs to strangers with a printed description published with approbation at the head of the staircase is a mysterious chapel where none but the pope can and only priests can enter but no one knows what it all means the of maria is on the top of the and this site was indicated to pope in by a miraculous fall of snow in august which covered only the space now occupied by tlie church it is the burial place of many of the and pins ix is now a splendid chamber under the altar for his own tomb the great of this church is the cradle in w hich the infant was carried into egypt which is honored with one of the christmas with a procession at five o clock in the morning among other relics are two bags of the brains of st thomas the most beautiful and costly of the is st paul without the walls about two miles from the city where the was and buried there has been a church on the spot since the time of the present one took the place of that destroyed by fire in it was built by from christians all over the world the young america in italy and marble pavement the eighty columns of granite the richly carved sides and are so highly polished that one seems to be surrounded with which keep the lights dancing in every direction under the high altar are portions of the remains of paul and peter a chapel on the road marks the place where the two separated on their way to paul was on the spot now indicated by three springs when his head was struck off it bounded striking the ground three times and a fountain rose at each spot it had touched the church of san contains the pillar to which paul is said to have been tied and the marble block on which he was the church of san in was built at the expense of and of spain on the spot where peter is supposed to have been was buried here with no monument near the church is the little temple with sixteen columns which marks the point where peter s cross stood us in the near the gate of st paul is the grave of the poet whose name was writ in water the of the consists of four rooms ornamented with human bones and arranged in fanciful devices the earth in which the dead brothers are buried came from when one dies as the place is too small for all the body longest buried is	36
the forward carriage repeated i told you to keep of her she went to the forward car with replied the porter be quick the train is starting in the forward carriage middle had only time to leap upon the middle carriage for the train was already in motion he is gone but he will soon return said o whose plan had worked far better he had dared to hope it would o o you have saved me again exclaimed trembling with emotion we have not a moment to spare added the young leading her to a train which was on the point of starting for seven miles distant and went only to this place in half an hour they were in but could easily trace them there the situation was full of difficulties for the villain would not go beyond the first station before he discovered that was not in the train and then he would follow her to o carefully studied a map he carried with him and having satisfied himself that his i ould trace him to he decided to take a carriage to a station ten miles distant on the railroad to who would be obliged to travel by carriage from the point where he left the train to would be at least two hours behind him and would be too late for the train going east o explained his plan to and engaged the vehicle at the railroad station for he did not care to his off the track but where are you going o asked the fair italian when they were seated in the carriage if we return to we shall encounter on the road if we wait for the train to rome he will be in before we leave if we take the train to where we are now going we shall be at at midnight then you are going to it seems to me that is tlie safest place to go for you will be among friends there i am acquainted with many people there besides the family of o i be at home there said with probably neither your uncle nor is there added o i have no doubt they are pursuing you from to and into egypt but will be at home and she will take care of me was delighted after all her wanderings with the idea of returning to the home of her good friend in they arrived at half an hour before the train for did not cross their path again he traced the to but he was too late for the train and the next one passed the station five hours later sunny shores or at midnight o with his fair who was entirely exhausted by fatigue obtained admission to the hospitable mansion of where his lady gave them a warm welcome as o supposed and with the count di ra were away in search of and the last news of them was tiiat they had sailed for egypt tlie young officer thought they were rather hasty in their movements for if they had looked up the case thoroughly in they might have ascertained that had returned to that city the next day a man was sent to to ascertain where and his nephew were and he brought back the intelligence that both of them had sailed for egypt some days before while the young lady was at breakfast called to see her and claimed possession of her as the agent of her legal guardian but would not permit him to see her before night at her he was under arrest charged with and conspiracy for which a month later he was convicted and to a long term of imprisonment for the present and until t ie return of was safe letters and were sent to egypt and to assure the absent ones of the return of the fair wanderer after a brief rest which he needed after the of his journey o returned to and joined the just as she was sailing for a overwhelmed him with the expressions of her gratitude at his departure and possibly he was very sorry that her engagement to the count di in italy and spoiled the romance so far as he was personally concerned the academy was at anchor hi the harbor of on the passage from mr had arranged his plan for the excursions to the lakes and the interior cities of italy the possession of the american prince the matter for the steamer could make the trip in six hours to however the wind might blow or fail to blow on the morning after tlie arrival of tlie at the watch of the prince went on shore and after seeing the city proceeded to thence to the lakes of and ma and staying from one to four days in each place and finishing the tour in the ship s company of the was then transferred to the steamer and she sailed for where she arrived at one o clock the s people were landed and after seeing the city visited all the places mentioned before in reverse order ending the journey at where their vessel in charge of the forward officers would wait to receive them the american prince immediately returned to reaching this port at eight o clock in tlie evening the next morning tlie port watch of the ship followed the and for the next two weeks kept one day them at daylight the same day the steamer sailed for again with the s ship s company on and they followed the s people one day behind them the sunny shores or american prince remained at port till the arrival of her ship s company during the and autumn tlie yellow fever prevailed veiy in and to some extent in the other eastern ports of spain which the academy was to visit next and the principal delayed his departure from for a couple of weeks	36
until the danger of had wholly ceased during this time the were written up and read in the of the and in the saloon of the steamer as the students were very in their descriptions we are obliged to their accounts of the sights they saw the call this city and the french it has a population of about one hundred thousand and is a commercial place with nothing of special interest to the we walked through the streets and along the which is lined with gardens and handsome one of which belongs to prince some of us took a carriage and rode out to a couple of miles from the city tlie is on a hill at the foot of which we left the carriage and walked up through narrow and crooked lanes lined with beggars so many that one would suppose all the jn italy had been gathered in this place the lion of the is a miraculous picture of the virgin and child which has been held in the highest veneration by the people of for five hundred years the legend is that the picture set sail of itself and young america in italy and after a short made the land where it was found by some who by the command of the vii in carried it to and here it remained ever since during the festival of tliis sacred the people flock to the in thousands and tlie is crowded witli visitors during the services tliis picture all manner of diseases and all manner of miracles the hail and side rooms of the establishment are filled curious of the of the picture hundreds of paintings and drawings some of them rude and coarse enough to pass for cover the walls in each of which the virgin and child is introduced they represent all manner of and accidents as ships at sea in a storm on the rocks and on fire en on a burning bed men failing from the vessels men and children having been saved by the miraculous virtues of the picture bits of rope from ships saved and the clothing of persons cured of diseases and from death are hung upon the walls the has an abundance of gold and silver articles presented by rich people saved or healed by the virgin the festival is the harvest time of all the beggars in this part of the country from tlie hill a magnificent view of tlie sea and land is obtained which is worth the short journey even on foot on our return we visited tlie water works where a vast under cover is filled with water it is very clear and an inscription on the bottom is easily read sunny or alexander on the once the capital of a great republic is twelve miles from in the century it had a population of one hundred and fifty thousand but has less a sixth of that number now in a square in the north west corner are the four great attractions of the city the cathedral commenced in the century by the commercial and warlike to a victory of their fleet at is of interest as well for its age as for the works of art it contains a large bronze lamp suspended over the suggested to the principle of the the or bell tower of the church detached from it is the celebrated leaning tower which every scholar has seen in his school geography it is one hundred and ninety feet high it consists of eight stories six of which are with galleries supported by columns tlie upper story the base fifteen feet but the centre of gravity is ten feet within it so that it cannot possibly fall standing on the top at the leaning side it looks a little though less so to a sailor than to others it is really a pretty structure and the pictures in the do not do full justice to it the third wonder of the square is the a circular building with a roof rich in ornaments it is one hundred and fifty feet in and one hundred and sixty in height the pulpit is an elaborate affair and the basin is worth looking at our fellows were interested in the wonderful echo than in the beauties of the building the guide gave an ugly as near like that i c young america tn italy and of a as a human could make it and this sound came back to us from the dome and arches above like the richest tones of an organ repeated at least a score of times we were all amazed and delighted and repeated the experiment a dozen times before we could consent to leave it opposite the is the which is a and has given its name to all similar burial places in italy in the twelfth century drove the out of and the loaded his fifty three vessels with earth from mount which he put in this place and enclosed it for a it was said that this soil reduced a body to dust in twenty four hours but people don t believe it now of course only those who had plenty of money could he buried in this holy ground the monuments statues bass and other are of the highest order as works of art and there are some very old paintings to be seen it is a remarkable and the of wonders the market of this city is interesting and those who have anything to sell with all their might till a customer stops their mouths the is a shallow and dirty river at i had heard and read so much about the beauty of the city of that i was disappointed when i found that it w s hardly finer than many other italian cities it has a population of one hundred and fifty thousand and is very pleasantly situated on the d my	36
imagination had been very much worked upon by the poetical descriptions of this lovely sun region and i suppose i expected too much of it as at the was dirty and shallow consisting mostly of a prospect of gravel banks if it had not been so cracked up i should say that was a very pretty city americans like it and plenty of them live there the country about the city is delightful i have seen plenty of italian at home but i never happened to see one in italy so that i am not sure or not they have them here there are plenty of first class hotels in the city where it costs about the same to live as in new york and boston is the of michael da b and a which is quite enough to give it a great reputation it contains many fine palaces and the private are often surrounded with gardens ornamented with there are four bridges over the which is fed by mountain torrents and is not always as tame as when i saw it for the sometimes rise above the level of the sweeping away the bridges and the city and country the or cathedral is a lai e building five hundred feet long but it is very like other in italy it contains a monument to who was good at making circles the is next door to it the is of black and white marble like many churches in this country is the most noted church in and says because it is a favorite burial place with the people in italy and michael was finally buried here and i did not know before that he had a third name the monuments of and other great men are in this church the family have a chapel here ant several of its members beneath it of course there is no end of pictures and pretty things to be seen in it in the church of st and its including the chapel of the are the of this celebrated family the monuments are beautiful the are witli rich and precious stones and the are beautiful michael was employed upon tlie building and the the gallery and the are full of pictures and and the old masters are as thick as in a summer shower i could not begin to look at the pictures they were so numerous i walked through the rooms of the king of italy in the palace and thought his majesty was not very elegant in his style of living is noted for its and some of us visited a shop where men were fitting little bits of marble into a table so as to form a design workmen were patient for they had to rub and grind tlie little pieces of stone till they exactly filled tlie places cut out for them the houses of wife of francis i b and michael are to be seen and i saw some of them m s contains many works of ai t and many relics of the great artist opposite the is the or brothers of pity an association which has been in existence over six hundred years having had its origin in the time of the plague which sunny shores or europe in of wliich gives a full account it is composed of a great number of members from all ranks in society and the late grand duke of was among them its mission is to take care of the sick bury the dead and in general to render assistance to all who need it the brothers on duty are required to wear a long black robe with a having only for the eyes which entirely covers the form and completely the identity of the so that for ail the spectator knows he may be a duke a count or the richest merchant in the city at the stroke of a bell the brothers in waiting hasten to perform the duty assigned to them several strokes indicate a serious emergency requiring more than the usual number of the force is lai e enough to do all the labor of love and charity involved in a of the in the i saw a party of the brotherhood engaged in their beneficent work half a dozen of them bore a litter with an arched covering of black cloth they were led by a man who wore the habit of the organization but who was evidently one of the or officers of the society the of the litter may have been a poor who had fallen from a building a stranger taken sick at his lodging or the brothers may have been bearing a corpse taken from the river or of one who had fallen dead in the street there is no case where a friend in need is a friend indeed in which the brothers of pity are not ready to act whether it be to care for an abandoned child the wounded nurse the sick or bury the dead their charity all v regard to creed or nation young america in italy and chapter xxv to italy scott tt takes four and a half to go by rail from j to by the ten forty a m train distance ninety eight or sixty one miles the quarter of six train does it in seven hours and a quarter a respectable mule could run away from some of these trains but we got to not much older than when we left is famous for and in this connection there is a notable absence of dogs in the streets the city is very old j founded by the who called it the took it about two hundred years before christ made it a free city and it took part in the wars o f the and big things happened here in it was attached to the states of tlie church but the people	36
palace in the contains a great many among them the sword worn by at in the picture most of the old masters are represented the streets of are clean and well cared for they are paved with large stones in the evening we went to the d where the turn appear as in and other cities of italy our guide pointed out the second son of the king prince duke of he was a young fellow of twenty five and wore a white hat his wife and another lady and a gentleman were with him in the carriage which was drawn by two horses with a on the nigh one behind it were two in red coats we touched our caps to the prince to which he politely responded in the same manner we visited the or which was quite a novelty to us it is ornamented with rows of trees elected king of spain in november sunny shores or trimmed to look like around the rear and part of two sides of tlie are the roof supported by pillars in front with small oa top within are placed the monuments some of which are very fine the back is sometimes covered with bass on many of the monuments were placed wreaths of and crowns made of glass pipe stem one of the latter had the card of dr who placed it there attached to it i thought it was not just the place for a doctor to leave his card especially if the deceased was his patient the graves are marked with crosses small stones monuments or little in which were deposited plaster casts of children angels or saints in some instances they were veiled with black the h d europe where we staid was once a palace we had a good dinner at each meal a handful of long sticks of delicately in the oven was laid at every plate it was a good idea in going from to we passed through but saw nothing of the city as it is called in italian is a queer old city built partly on hills some of which are five hundred feet high approaching from the sea as i did the first time in the american prince the city seems to be spread out in an of hills and to be built up and down as well as on a level the harbor is entered between two as the old and the new young america in italy and a south east wind up whatever vessels may be to the westward of the end of the is a very old city in the century it was the capital of an independent republic and fought many battles with the and who were her rivals in when the affairs of europe were at the fall of napoleon was handed over to the city had the title of the superb to which by comparison with other cities of it is hardly entitled at the present time though its palaces still fill the with wonder and admiration it is a city of lanes and and much of it is for carriages it is laid out and the chances are if a stranger wishes to go to any place he will in a circle and bring up anywhere except at the place he wished to visit in some parts the finds another street above him which he may reach by a flight of stairs from tjie high parts of the city the view of the sea and the surroundings is very fine certainly there is variety enough in it is the city of palaces two or three of which i visited without being very strongly impressed by their magnificence the contains the finest collection of paintings which plenty of the old masters the palace contains a bust of and some of his most valuable carefully secured the principal church is the cathedral of san built in the century the chapel of st john the is the most interesting and beautiful and contains sunny shores or many relics of the saint whose name it bears in the treasury is the brought from in it is said to be the dish from wliich christ of the last supper it was the gift of the of to solomon and is also said to be the dish in which joseph of caught some of the blood of christ on the cross it was so valuable that the borrowed million upon it napoleon carried it to paris in but it was returned broken in and ascertained to be a specimen of ancient glass which caused the people of the city to lose faith in it other churches are worth visiting so are the and gardens around the city in the a square near the railroad station is a noble monument to as he i c in italian of course we felt interested m this it w s erected in of white marble the is adorned with ships the rests on an at the foot of which the figure of america it is surrounded by statues in a sitting posture representing religion geography strength and wisdom between them are scenes from the history of in relief opposite the monument is a building called the palace of and another house near it has a a small statue of bim with an inscription says he was born in but probably he meant the province ind not the city of it is said that he first saw the light in a town miles by railroad west of the city the house m which he young america in italy and s born is now a small hotel and be hie the s people stopped at on their way to ant spent several hours at the celebrated villa an estate of a of this name immense in extent and laid out as a garden the grounds cover several affording a great variety of scenery and	36
are rich in the southern vegetation they are adorned with arches models of towers and castles a roman statues and chinese temples and fountains it has an immense artificial under a hill in which we embarked in fantastic boats and after sailing through several extensive chambers with above and around us we emerged into a picturesque lake from the waters of which rises a beautiful marble temple with groups of around it the boat is rowed through a little river whose banks are bordered with flowers under a couple of chinese bridges we were landed near a classic temple and conducted by winding paths over foot bridges through to a small summer house several of us were invited to enter which we did our attention was directed to pause stranger here first saw light in the circle of his fathers the house was alas i too for the man there was one world there are two said he and sunny shores or something in the ceiling and when we looked up several tiny streams of water were turned upon us we were sold hut as water is our element we did not complain though we with a german whose stove pipe hat was and the in his white deprived of its integrity in crossing one of the chinese bridges a dozen fine streams upon our blue cloth we were into a curious iron swing only to be upon when we could not stop the german retired in disgust these water works are said to have been constructed to please the children but it is rather a bad bringing up for them we did not wear shirts so the did us no harm some of us returned to in stages in order to see more of the country along the shore the railroad to nice is in process of construction the trains must be half the time in the the road extends along the shore and is one of the most beautiful drives in europe with the on one side and the country with a vast variety of scenery on the other the reading of the journals was completed but every afternoon a portion of the students were permitted to go on shore and they found something new and interesting at every visit at last the health of was reported to be good and the signal for sailing appeared at the head of the american prince boat alongside sir reported a seaman to the officer of the deck on board the young america in italy and in five minutes more attended by her uncle and the count di were on deck the party were warmly welcomed by the officers we have come from to express our great obligations to you captain for the service you have rendered to we shall never forget mr o s efforts in her behalf i am sure that all we did afforded us aa much pleasure as it did you replied the captain of the i think mr o like to do more work of the kind however he may speak for himself gave both hands to the irish italian and poured forth her thanks in her own musical language the sailing of the was deferred and the attended by the captain and o went on board of the prince where expressed his obligations to the principal he stated that had not only been removed from his position as guardian of the young but had been convicted witli of conspiracy and fraud and sent to pi was now s guardian and she was to reside with him in but she was not to become the di for several years mr we all regret the loss of your fine ship continued and after your good service to us you must permit us to you in whole or in part for the loss you have sustained not at all sir i have sustained no loss replied the a patriotic american of great wealth insisted upon presenting this steamer to me to be used for the benefit of american c shores or we should be glad to pay for her impossible sir mr hei late owner would not take a dollar for her and you cannot pay him in money he and his amiable lady will spend the winter in italy and probably you may serve them by making their stay pleasant they are in now and i will give you a letter of introduction i shall invite them to to spend the winter with me we have a delightful climate one thing more mr will you allow me to present ten thousand to the young officer mr o who rescued my fair ward from the toils of the i cannot permit it replied the principal promptly tbe young gentlemen must learn to help the unfortunate and relieve the even when they have personal attractions than we are sailors and our first duty is to save those who are in peril i don t any money protested o but his expenses were considerable suggested mr permitted the guardian to return to o only the sum he had actually expended in the service of after a lunch in the cabin of the prince the party went on shore to watch the departure of the which was soon under way and standing out between the two upon me o if anything should happen to the count there would be a young man ready to step into his shoes said scott as he paced the deck of the young america in italy and for you laughed the hero of the romance she s a with plenty of money and as as a new blown rose but i hope nothing at all at all happen to the count for he is a fellow and i mane to go to his wedding if i have to cross the say to do it the continued on its course near the shore for a time in	36
by it is the universe made safe and not by science or power thought may work cold and in things and find no end or unity but the dawn of the sentiment of virtue on the heart gives and is the assurance that law is sovereign over all natures and the worlds time space eternity do seem to break out into joy this sentiment is divine and it is the of man it makes him through it the soul first knows itself it the capital mistake of the infant man who seeks to be great by following the great and hopes to derive advantages from another by showing the fountain of all good to be in himself and that he equally with every man is a door into the of reason when he says i ought when love him when he chooses warned from on high the good and great deed then deep wander through his soul from supreme wisdom then he can worship and be enlarged by his worship for he can never go behind this sentiment in the flights of the soul is never surmounted love is never this sentiment lies at the foundation of society and all forms of worship the principle of veneration never dies out man fallen into superstition into is never wholly without the visions of the moral sentiment in like manner all the expressions of this sentiment are sacred and permanent in proportion to their purity the expressions of this sentiment affect us deeper than all other the sentences of the oldest time which this piety are still fresh and fragrant this thought always deepest in the minds of men in the devout and east not alone in where it reached its purest expression but in egypt in in india in china europe has always owed to oriental genius its divine impulses what these holy said all sane men found agreeable and true and the unique impression of upon mankind whose name is not so much written as into the history of this world is proof of the subtle virtue of this meantime whilst the doors of the temple stand open night and day before every man and the of this truth cease never it is guarded by one stern condition this namely it is an it cannot be received at second hand truly speaking it is not instruction but provocation that i can receive from another soul what he i must find true in me or wholly reject and on his word or as his second be he who he may i can accept nothing on the contrary the absence of this faith is the presence of degradation as is the flood so is the ebb let this faith depart and the very words it and the things it made become false and then falls the church the state art letters life the doctrine of the divine nature being forgotten a sickness and the constitution once man was all now be is an a nuisance and because the supreme spirit cannot wholly be got rid of the doctrine of it suffers this that the divine nature is attributed to one or two persons and denied to all the rest and denied with fury the doctrine of inspiration is lost the base doctrine of the majority of voices the place of the doctrine of the soul miracles prophecy try the ideal life the holy life exist as ancient history merely they are not in the belief nor in the of society but when suggested seem ridiculous life is comic or pitiful as soon as the high ends of being fade out of sight and man becomes near sighted and can only attend to what addresses the senses these general view s which whilst they are general none will contest find abundant illustration in the history of religion and especially in the history of the christian church in that all of us have had our birth and the truth contained in that you my young friends are now setting forth to teach as the or established worship of the civilized world it has great historical interest for us of its blessed words which have been the consolation of humanity you need not that i should speak i shall endeavor to discharge my duty to you on this occasion by pointing out two errors in its administration which daily appear more gross from the point of view we have just now taken christ belonged to the true race of he saw with open eye the mystery of the soul drawn by its severe harmony with its beauty he lived in it and had his being there alone in all history he estimated the greatness of man one man was true to what is in you and me he saw that god himself in man and goes forth anew to take possession of his world he said in this of sublime emotion i am divine through me god acts through me speaks would you see god see me or see thee when thou also as i now think but what a did his doctrine and memory suffer in the same in the next and the following ages there is no doctrine of the reason which will bear to be taught by the understanding the understanding caught this high chant from the poet s lips and said in the next age this was come down out of heaven i will kill you if you say he was a man the of his language and the figures of his have the place of his truth and churches are not built on his principles but on his christianity became a as the poetic teaching of greece and of egypt before he spoke of miracles for he felt that man s life was a miracle and all that man doth and he knew that this daily miracle shines as the man is but the very word miracle as pronounced	37
by christian churches gives a false impression it is monster it is not one with the blowing and the falling rain he felt respect for moses and the but no unfit tenderness at their revelations to the hour and the man that now is to the eternal revelation in the heart thus was he a true man having seen that the law in us is commanding he would not suffer it to be bold ly with hand and heart and life he declared it was god thus was he a true man thus is he as i think the only soul in history who has appreciated the worth of a man in thus contemplating we become very sensible of the first defect of historical christianity historical christianity has fallen into the error that all attempts to communicate religion as it appears to us and as it has appeared for ages it is not the doctrine of the soul but an exaggeration of the personal the positive the it has dwelt it dwells with exaggeration about the person of the soul knows no persons it every man to to the full circle of the universe and will have no but those of spontaneous love but by this eastern of a christianity which and fear have built the friend of man is made the of man the manner in which his name is surrounded with expressions which were once of admiration and love but are now into titles all generous sympathy and liking all who hear me feel that the language that describes christ to europe and america is not the style of friendship and enthusiasm to a good and noble heart but is appropriated and formal a as the or the would describe or accept the injurious of our early instruction and even honesty and ik self denial were but splendid sins if they did not wear the christian name one would rather be a pagan in a creed than to be of his manly right in coming into nature and finding not names and places not land and professions but even virtue and truth and you shall not be a man even you shall not own the world you shall not dare and live after the infinite law that is in you and in company with the infinite beauty which heaven and earth reflect to you in all lovely forms but you must subordinate your nature to christ s nature you must accept our and take his portrait as the vulgar draw it that is always best which gives me to myself the sublime is excited in me by the great doctrine obey that which shows god in me me that which shows god out of me makes me a and a there is no longer a necessary reason for my being already the long shadows of oblivion creep over me and i shall forever the divine are the friends of my virtue of my intellect of my strength they me that the which flash across my mind are not mine but god s that they had the like and were not to the heavenly vision so i love them noble go out from them ing me also to myself to resist evil to subdue the world and to be and thus by his holy thoughts serves us and thus only to aim to convert a man by miracles is a of the soul a true a true christ is now as always to be made by the reception of beautiful sentiments it is true that a great and rich soul like his falling among the simple does so that as his did it names the world the world seems to them to exist for him and they have not yet drunk so deeply of his sense as to see that only by coming again to themselves or to god in themselves can they grow it is a low benefit to give me something it is a high benefit to enable me to do somewhat of myself the time is coming when all men will see that the gift of god to the soul is not a overpowering but a sweet natural goodness a goodness like thine and mine and that so thine and mine to be and to grow the injustice of the vulgar tone of preaching is not less to than it is to the souls which it the do not see that they make his gospel not glad and him of the locks of beauty and the attributes of heaven when i see a majestic or washington when i see among my a true orator an upright judge a dear friend when i to the melody and fancy of a poem i see beauty that is to be desired and so lovely and with yet more entire consent of my human being sounds in my ear the severe music of the that have sung of the true god in all ages now do not the life and of christ out of the circle of this charm by and peculiarity let them lie as they alive and warm part of human life and of the landscape and of the cheerful day the second defect of the and limited way of using the mind of christ is a consequence of the first this namely that the moral nature that law of laws whose revelations introduce greatness yea god himself into the open soul is not as the fountain of the established teaching in society men have come to speak of the revelation as somewhat long ago given and done as if god were dead the injury to faith the preacher and the of institutions becomes an uncertain and inarticulate voice it is very certain that it is the effect of conversation with the beauty of the soul to a desire and need to impart to others the same knowledge and love if utterance is denied the thought	37
lies like a burden on the man always the is a somehow his dream is told somehow he it with solemn joy sometimes with pencil on canvas sometimes with on stone sometimes in towers and of granite his soul s worship is sometimes in of indefinite music but and most permanent in words the man of this becomes its priest or poet the is with the world but observe the condition the spiritual of the office the spirit only can teach not any profane man not any not any liar not any slave can teach but only he can give who has he only can create who is the man on whom the soul through whom the soul speaks alone can teach courage piety love wisdom can and every man can open his door to these angels and they shall bring him the gift of tongues but the man who aims to speak as books enable as use as the fashion and as interest commands let him hush to this holy office you propose to devote yourselves i wish you may feel your call in of desire and hope the office is the first in the world it is of that reality that it cannot suffer the of any falsehood and it is my duty to say to you that the need was never greater of new revelation than now from the views i have already expressed you will infer the sad conviction which i share i believe with numbers of the universal decay and now almost death of faith in society the soul is not preached the church seems to to its fall almost all life extinct on this occasion any would be criminal which k told you whose hope and it is to preach the faith of christ that the faith of christ is preached it is time that this ill suppressed murmur of all thoughtful men against the famine of our churches this moaning of the heart because it is of the consolation the hope the grandeur that come alone out of th culture of the moral nature should be heard through the sleep of and over the din of routine this great and perpetual office of the preacher is not discharged preaching is the expression of the moral sentiment in application to the duties of life in how many churches by how many tell me is man made sensible that he is an infinite soul that the earth and heavens are passing into his mind that he is drinking forever the soul of god where now sounds the persuasion that by its very melody my heart and so its own origin in heaven where shall i hear words such as in elder ages drew men to leave all and follow father and mother house and land wife and child where shall i hear these august laws of moral being so pronounced as to fill my ear and i feel by the of my action and passion the test of the true faith certainly should be its power to charm and command the soul as the laws of nature control the activity of the hands so commanding that we find pleasure and honor in obeying the faith should with the light of rising and of setting with the flying cloud the singing bird and the breath of flowers but now the priest s sabbath has lost the splendor of nature it is we are glad when it is done we can make we do make even sitting in our a far better sweeter for ourselves whenever the pulpit is by a then is the and we shrink as soon as the prayers begin which do not but and us we are fain to wrap our us and secure as best we can a solitude that hears not i once heard a preacher who sorely tempted me to say i would go to church no more men go thought i where they are wont to go else had no entered the temple in the afternoon a was falling around us the was real the preacher merely and the eye felt the sad contrast in looking at him and then out of the window behind him into the beautiful of the snow he had lived in vain he had no one word that he had laughed or wept was married or m love had been commended or cheated or if he had ever lived and acted we were none the wiser for it the capital secret of his profession namely to convert life into truth he had not learned not one fact in all his experience had he yet imported into his doctrine this man had and planted talked and bought and sold he had read books he had eaten and drunken his head his heart he smiles and suffers yet was there not a a hint in all the discourse that he had ever lived at all not a line did he draw out of real history the true preacher can always be known by this that he out to the people his life life passed through the fire of thought but of the bad preacher it could not be told from his sermon what age of the world he fell in whether he had a father or a child whether he was a or a whether he was a citizen or a or any other fact of his biography it seemed strange that the people should come to church it seemed as if their houses were very that they should prefer this thoughtless it shows that there is a commanding at in the moral sentiment that can lend a faint tint of light to and ignorance coming in its name and place the good is sure he has been touched sometimes is sure there is somewhat to be reached and some word that can reach it when he to these vain words he	37
comforts himself by their relation to his remembrance of better hours and so they clatter and echo i am not ignorant that when we preach it is not always quite in vain there is a good ear in some men that draws supplies to virtue out of very indifferent there is poetic truth concealed in all the common places of prayer and of sermons and though foolishly spoken they may be wisely heard for each is some select expression that broke out in a moment of piety from some stricken or soul and its made it remembered the prayers and even the of our church are like the of and the monuments of the wholly from anything now in the life and business of the people they mark the height to which the waters once rose but this is a check upon the mischief from the good and devout in a large portion of the community the religious service gives rise to quite other thoughts and emotions we need not the servant we are struck with pity rather at the swift of his alas for the unhappy man that is called to stand in the pulpit and not give bread of life everything that him would he ask for the foreign or domestic instantly his face is with shame to propose to his parish that they should send money a hundred or a thousand miles to furnish such poor as they have at home and would do well to go the hundred or the thousand miles to escape would he urge people to a way of living and can he ask a fellow creature to come to bath meetings when he and they all know what is the poor they can hope for therein will he invite them privately to the lord s supper he dares not if no heart warm this the hollow dry creaking formality is too plain than that he can face a man of wit and energy and put the invitation without terror in the street what has he to say to the bold village the village sees fear in the face form and gait of the minister let me not taint the sincerity of this plea by any of the claims or good men i know and honor the purity and strict conscience of numbers of the clergy what life the public worship it owes to the scattered company of pious men who minister here and there in the churches and who sometimes accepting with too great tenderness the of the elders have not accepted from others but from their own heart the genuine impulses of virtue and so still command our love and awe to the of character moreover the exceptions are not so much to be found in a few eminent as in the better hours the truer of all nay in the sincere moments of every man but with whatever exception it is still true that tradition the preaching of this country that it comes out of the memory and not out of the soul that it aims at what is usual and not at what is necessary and eternal that thus historical christianity the power of preaching by withdrawing it from the of the moral nature of man where the sublime is where are the resources of astonishment and power what a cruel injustice it is to that law the joy of the whole earth which alone can make thought dear and rich that law whose fatal the poorly that it is and that it is and and not a trait not a word of it the pulpit in losing sight of this law loses all its inspiration and after it knows not what and for want of this culture the soul of the community is sick it wants nothing so much as a stern high christian discipline to make it know itself and the divinity that speaks through it now man is ashamed of himself he and through the world to be to be pitied and scarcely in a thousand years does any man dare to be wise and good and so draw after him the tears and blessings of his kind certainly there have been periods when from the of the intellect on certain truths a greater faith was possible in names and persons the in england and america found in the christ of the catholic church and in the inherited from rome scope for their austere piety and their for civil freedom but their creed is passing away and none arises in its room i think no man can go with his thoughts about him into one of oar without feeling that what hold the public worship had on men is gone cr going it has lost its grasp on the affection of the good and the fear of the bad in the half are to the local term it is already beginning to indicate character and religion to withdraw firom the meetings i hare heard a person who the sabbath say in bitterness of heart oa it seems wicked to go to church and the motive that holds the best there is now only a hope and a waiting what was once a mere circumstance that the best and the worst men in the parish the poor and the rich the learned and the ignorant young and old should meet one day as fellows in one house in sign of an equal right in the soul has come to be a motive for going thither my friends in these two errors i think i find the causes of that calamity of a church and a wasting which are casting malignant influences around us and making the hearts of good men sad and what greater calamity can fall upon a nation than the loss of worship then all things go to decay genius leaves the temple to haunt the or the market literature	37
becomes frivolous science is cold the eye of youth is not lighted by the hope of other worlds and age is without honor society lives to trifles and when men die we do not mention them and now my brothers you will ask what in these days can be done by us the remedy is already declared in the ground of our complaint of the church we have contrasted the church with the soul in the soul then let the be sought in one soul in your soul there are resources for the world wherever a man comes there comes revolution the old is for slaves when a man comes all books are all things transparent all are forms he is religious man is the he is seen amid miracles all men bless and curse he yea and nay only the of religion the assumption that the age of inspiration is past that the bible is closed the fear of degrading the character of by representing him as a man indicate with clearness the falsehood of our it is the office of a true teacher to show us that god is not was that he not the true christianity a faith like christ s in the of man is lost none in the soul of man but only in some man or person old and departed ah me no man alone all men go in flocks to this saint or that poet avoiding the god who in secret they cannot see in secret they love to be blind in public they think society wiser than their soul and know not that one soul and their soul is wiser than whole world see bow nations and races by on the sea of time and leave no ripple to tell where they or sunk and one good soul shall make the name of moses or of or of reverend forever none the stern ambition to be the self of the nation and of nature but each would be an easy secondary to some christian or or some eminent man once leave your own knowledge of god your own sentiment and take secondary knowledge a st paul s or george fox s or s and ou get wide from god with every year this secondary form lasts and if as now for centuries the chasm to that breadth that men can ly be convinced there is in them anything iv me you first of all to go alone to l ti i he good models even those most sacred in p of men and dare to love god without or veil friends enough you shall t who will hold up to your and hi saints and thank god for o men but say i also am a man go above its model the n ma o hopeless the did i it was natural to him and so in it tt charm in the something else in he himself of his own b v ui short of another man s yourself a bard of the holy ghost cast behind you all and men at first hand with deity be to them a man look to it first and only that you are such that fashion custom authority pleasure and money are nothing to you are not over your eyes that you cannot see but live with the privilege of the mind not too anxious to visit per all families and each family in your parish when you meet one of these men or women be to them a divine man be to them thought and virtue let their timid aspirations find in you a friend let their trampled instincts be tempted out in your atmosphere let their doubts know that you have doubted and their wonder feel that you have wondered by trusting your own soul you shall gain a greater confidence in other men for all our penny wisdom for all our soul destroying slavery to habit it is not to be doubted that all men have sublime thoughts that all men do value the few real hours of life they love to be heard they love to be caught up into the vision of principles we mark with light in the memory the few we have had in the dreary years of routine and of sin with souls that made our souls wiser that spoke what we thought that told us what we knew that gave us to be what we were discharge to men the office and present or absent you shall be followed with their love as by an angel and to this end let us not aim at common degrees of merit can we not leave to such as love it the virtue that for the of society and ourselves pierce the deep of absolute ability and worth we easily come up to the standard of goodness in society society s praise can be secured and almost all men are content with those easy merits but the instant of conversing with god will be to put them away there are sublime merits persons who are not actors not but influences persons too great for fame for display who disdain eloquence to whom all we call art and artist seems too nearly allied to show and by ends to the exaggeration of the and selfish and loss of the universal the the poets the on us only as fair women do by our allowance and homage slight them by of mind slight them as you can well afford to do by high and universal aims and they instantly feel that you have right and that it is in lower places that they must shine they also feel your right for they with you are open to the of the all knowing spirit which before its broad noon the little shades and of intelligence in the we call wiser and wisest in such	37
found its earliest audience in or near new england from young men who had complained with the first er that in the multitude of teachers none to their condition such will be glad to trace in this collection the spiritual history of the author the course of his reading the depth of his studies and what outward materials went to the of the man mr has repeatedly expressed in letters to the editor and other friends his satisfaction in the good reception his literary labors have found in this country and the love and hope with which he regards the progress of thought and culture on this side the atlantic r w e contents paul review no state of german literature review no life and writings of foreign review no i s foreign review no ii foreign review no iii burns review no the life of foreign review no iv foreign review no v the miscellaneous of thomas paul dr johnson it is said hen he first heard of s intention to write a life of him announced with decision enough that if he thought really meant to his life he would prevent it by taking that great authors should employ this against is a thing we would by no means recommend but the truth is that rich as we are in biography a life is almost as rare as a well spent one and there are certainly many more men whose history deserves to be recorded than persons willing and able to furnish the record but great men like the old egyptian kings must all be tried after death before they can be and what in truth are these sketches conversations voices and the like but the and of the ill informed and judges from whose conflict however we shall in the end have a true verdict paul rich s von h s life with a sketch of his works by mo vol i s miscellaneous writings the worst of it is at the first for weak eyes are precisely the of glittering objects and accordingly no sooner does a great man depart and his character as public property than a crowd of men rushes towards it there they are gathered together up to it with such vision as they haye it from afar round it this way and that each by all arts to catch some of it in the little mirror of himself though many times this mirror is so twisted with and and indeed so extremely small in size that to expect any true image or any image whatever from it is out of the question was much better natured than johnson and took many provoking things with the spirit of a and philosopher nor can we think that so good a man even had he foreseen this work of s would have gone the length of him for it is a person we have known for several years as a and and ballad whose grand enterprise however is his gallery of authors a series of strange little beginning with and already extending over and now probably by conquest also and lastly by a sort of d paul neither of whom belonged to authors it must be admitted are happier than the old painter with his for they write naturally and without fear of ridicule or offence the name and description of their work on the title page and the purport and tendency of each volume remains is sometimes lucky in this privilege for his manner of composition being so peculiar might now and then occasion difficulty but for this precaution his he works up simply enough he first from the or s paul poetical or or or other such or the date and place of the proposed s birth his trade aiid the titles f his works the date of his death you already know from the newspapers this serves as a for the edifice he then goes through his writings and am other writings where he or his pursuits are treated of and whenever he finds a with his name in it he cuts it out and carries it away in this a mass of materials is collected and the building now proceeds stone is laid on the top of stone just as it comes to hand a or two of mortar if perfectly convenient being perhaps spread in here and there by way of the strangest pile suddenly arises pointing every way but to the here a block of granite there a mass of pipe clay till the whole when the materials are finished and you leave it standing to posterity like some miniature a perfect to speak without figure this mode of life writing has its for one thing the composition cannot well be what the critics call harmonious and indeed s are often abrupt enough his hero changes his object and occupation from page to page often from sentence to sentence in the most unaccountable way a pleasure journey and a sickness of fifteen years are despatched with equal in a moment you find him married and the father of three fine children he dies no less suddenly he is studying as usual writing poetry receiving visits full of life and business when instantly some paragraph opens under him like one of the in the vision of and he drops without note of preparation into the shades below perhaps indeed not for ever we have instances of his rising after the funeral s miscellaneous writings and winding up affairs the time has been that when the brains were out the man die but orders these matters differently we beg leave to say however that we really have no private against on the we are regular of his ware and it gives us true pleasure to see his spirits so much improved since we first met him	37
now here now there the strangest books with tlie strangest titles for instance law suits under the of a selection from the papers of the devil and the like in these indescribable performances the splendid faculties of the writer as they seemed in utter riot could not be disputed or with all its the strength honesty and tenderness of his nature genius will reconcile men to much by de s miscellaneous writings paul began to be considered not a strange mixture of and but a man of infinite humor sensibility force and penetration his writings procured him friends and fame at length a wife and a settled provision with his good and a in from the king of he settled in the capital of his native province where he lived and celebrated in many new of literature and died on the th of november loved as well as admired by all his countrymen and most by those who had known him most intimately a huge irregular man both in mind and person for his portrait is quite a study full of fire strength and seems at the same time to have been in the highest degree mild simple hearted humane he was fond of conversation and might well shine in it he as he wrote in a style of his own full of wild strength and charms to which his natural accent gave additional yet he loved retirement the country and all natural things from his youth upwards he himself tells us he may almost be said to have lived in the open air it was among groves and meadows that he studied that he wrote even in the streets of we have heard he was seldom seen without a flower in his breast a man of quiet tastes and warm compassionate affections his friends he must have loved as few do of his poor and humble mother he often speaks by allusion and never without reverence and overflowing tenderness unhappy is the man says he for whom his own mother has not made all other mothers venerable and elsewhere o thou who hast still a father and a mother thank for it in the day when thy soul is full of joyful tears and needs a bosom wherein to shed them we paul quote the following sentences from the only memorable thing he has written in this volume s studying or sitting apartment offered about this time a true and beautiful emblem of his simple and noble way of thought which comprehended at once the high and the low whilst his mother who then lived with him busily pursued her household work occupying herself about stove and paul was sitting in a comer of the same room at a simple writing desk with few or no bo about him but merely with one or two drawers containing and the of the household operations seemed not at all to disturb him any more than did the of the which fluttered to and fro in the chamber a place indeed of considerable size p our venerable we remember also enjoyed the of household operations and the more questionable of shrewd tongues to boot while he wrote but the good mother and the were came afterwards to live in finer and had the great and learned or associates but the gentle feelings of those days abode with him through life he was the same substantial yet meek and man it is seldom that so much rugged energy can be so that so much vehemence and so much softness will go together the expected edition of s works is to be in sixty volumes and they are no less than ve embracing subjects of all sorts from the highest problems of philosophy and the most passionate poetical to golden rules for the weather prophet and instructions in the art of falling asleep his chief productions are novels the invisible lodge wild of the s writings parson in journey to journey to the bath life of with many lighter pieces and two work of a higher order and the lai est the best of his novels it was the former that first in introduced him into decisive and universal estimation with his countrymen the latter he himself with the most judicious of his critics regarded as his master piece but the name as we in england must understand it would ill describe so vast and a genius for with all his grotesque tumultuous is a man of a truly earnest nay high and solemn character and seldom writes without a meaning far beyond the sphere of common and themselves though in form nothing more than novels of real life as the press would say have solid metal enough in them to furnish whole were it beaten into the usual and much which it as we might no could well carry with him amusement is often in part almost always a mean with rarely or never his highest end his thoughts his feelings the of his spirit walk before us embodied under wondrous shapes in and ever groups but his essential character however he disguise it is that of a philosopher and moral poet whose study has been human nature whose delight and best endeavor are with all that is beautiful and tender and mysteriously sublime in the fate or history of man this is the purport of his writings whether their form be that of fiction or of truth the spirit that and his of common life his wild dreams and shadowy no less than his of a nature directly scientific but in this latter province also has accomplished paul much his der introduction to je is a work on poetic art based on principles of no ordinary depth and compass in noble views and notwithstanding its in sound and criticism esteemed even in germany where	37
criticism has long been treated of as a science and by such persons as and the of this work we could speak long did our limits allow we fear it might astonish many an honest brother of our craft were he to read it and altogether and dash his counsels if he chanced to understand it has also written on education a work entitled distinguished by keen practical sagacity as well as generous sentiment and a certain sober magnificence of speculation the whole presented in that singular the man is rich in works on richer at present than any other country it is there only that some echo of the and speaking of this high matter may still be heard and speaking of it in the language of our own time with insight into the actual wants advantages perils and prospects of this age among writers on this subject holds a high place if we look chiefly at his tendency and aims perhaps the highest the a ludicrous performance known to us only by report but is said to possess the merit while he laughs at of understanding him a merit among s critics which seems to be one of the report also we regret to say is all that we know of the a discourse on the immortality of the from to feel a word invented by some eighty years ago to express generally the science of the fine arts and now in universal use among the perhaps we also might as well adopt it at least if any such science should ever arise among us s writings soul one of s beloved topics or rather the life of his whole philosophy glimpses of forth on us from almost every one of his writings he died while engaged under recent and almost total blindness in and this thai the unfinished manuscript was borne upon his coffin to the burial vault and s hymn w st du thou shalt arise pay soul can seldom have been sung with more appropriate application than over the grave of paul we defy the most careless or prejudiced reader to these works without an impression of something splendid wonderful and daring but they require to be studied as well as read and with no ordinary patience if the reader especially the foreign reader wishes to comprehend rightly either their truth or their want of truth tried by many an accepted standard would be speedily enough disposed of pronounced a mystic a german a rash and and so consigned with perhaps with a certain to the appointed for all wind bags and originality is a thing we constantly for and constantly quarrel with aa if our author himself any originality but our own could be expected to content us in fact all strange things are apt without fault of theirs to us at first view and unhappily scarcely anything is perfectly plain but what is also perfectly common the current coin ef the realm passes into all hands and be it gold silver or copper is acceptable and of known value but with new with foreign bars and of the case is widely different there are few writers with whom and careful distrust of first impressions are more necessary than with he is a phenomenon from the very surface he presents himself with a professed and determined paul his language itself is a of stumbling to the critic to critics of the species an often an rock of offence not that he is ignorant of grammar or the of and but he both in a certain spirit with liberality in and hundreds of new words old ones or by chains pairs and them together into most combination in short produces sentences of the most interminable kind figures limit indeed the whole is one of and and allusions to all the provinces of earth sea and air with breaks vehement bursts or and even oaths a perfect indian it seems a boundless nothing on all sides but confusion worse confounded then the style of the whole in perplexity and extravagance with that of the parts every work be it fiction or serious is in some fantastic some mad narrative for its appearance and connecting it with the author who generally becomes a person of the drama himself before all is over he has a whole imaginary geography of europe in his novels the cities of and so forth with their princes and and serene most of whom odd enough fellows every way are s private acquaintances talk with him of state matters in the purest tory dialect and often him to get on with his writing no story proceeds without the most and rolling after it in many a ever and anon there occurs some extra leaf with its petition programme or other wonderful no mortal can vol i s miscellaneous writings foresee on what it is indeed a mighty and the panting reader toils after him in vain or baffled and spent indignantly stops short and perhaps for ever all this we must admit is true of but much more is true also let us not turn from him after the first glance imagine we have settled his account by the words and affectation they are cheap words we allow and of sovereign we should see therefore that they be not applied many things in accord ill with such a there are rays of the keenest truth nay steady pillars of scientific light rising through this chaos is it in fact a chaos or may it be that our eyes are not of infinite vision and have only missed the plan few are men of science of solid learning of study and accurate extensive nay universal knowledge he is with regard to affectation also there is much to be said the essence of is that it be assumed the character is as it were forcibly crushed into some foreign mould in the	37
hope of b ng thereby and the unhappy man himself that he is in truth a new and wonderfully engaging creature and so he moves about with a conscious air though every movement not but this it is to be affected to walk in a vain show but the strangeness alone is no proof of the vanity many men thai move smoothly in the old established of custom will be found to have their and perhaps here and there some genius be accused of it the show though common may not ce se to be vain nor become so for being uncommon before we censure a man for seeming what he is not we should be sure that we know what he is as to in particular we think it but fair to observe that strange and tumultuous as he is there is a certain composure visible in his writings a mercy a paul gladness a reverence united in such harmony as we cannot but think not a false but a genuine state of mind not a feverish and morbid but a healthy and robust state the secret of the matter perhaps is that requires more study than most readers care to give for as we approach more closely many things grow clearer in the man s own sphere there is the farther we advance into it we see confusion more and more itself into order till at last viewed from its proper centre his intellectual universe no longer a distorted series of air into compact a vast magnificent and scene full indeed of wondrous and rude it may be and irregular but gorgeous and varied and ample gay with the richest and foliage and glittering in the brightest and kindest sun has been called an intellectual and in truth it is still somewhat in this light that we view him his faculties are all of gigantic mould awkward in their movements large and splendid rather than harmonious or beautiful yet joined in living union and of force and compass altogether extraordinary he has an intellect vehement rugged irresistible crushing in pieces the hardest problems piercing into the most hidden of things and grasping the most distant an imagination vague sombre splendid or appalling brooding over the of being wandering through and before us in its dim religious light shapes of brilliancy solemnity or terror a fancy of literally for it its treasures with a which knows no limit hanging like the sun a jewel on every grass blade and the earth at large with pearl but deeper than all these lies humor the ruling quality with rich s miscellaneous writings ter as it were the central fire that and his whole being he is a from his inmost soul he thinks as a he feels acts as a sport is the element in which his nature lives and works a tumultuous element for such a nature and wild work he makes in it a in his sport as in his earnestness he all bound and without law or measure he heaps upon and the together and asunder like a case of the moon the earth being a rebellious to the other very singular doctrine nay we have time and space themselves playing fantastic tricks it is an infinite all nature is gone forth in the strangest yet the is not without its purpose these are not mere hollow but there are living faces beneath them and this has its significance is a man of mirth but he seldom or never to be a merry nay in spite of its extravagance we should say that his humor is of all his the finest and most genuine it has such turns there is something in it so capricious so quaint so from his and its huge machinery the little twisted figure comes forth at last so perfect and so living to be for ever laughed at and for ever loved as he seems he works not without like by a single stroke he can change a laughing face into a sad one but in his smile itself a touching pathos may lie hidden a pity too deep for tears he is a man of feeling in the noblest sense of that word for he loves all living with the heart of a brother his soul rushes forth in sympathy with gladness and sorrow with goodness or grandeur over all creation every gentle and generous affection every thrill of mercy paul every glow of in his bosom a response nay strikes his spirit into harmony a wild music as of wind floating round us in fitful but sometimes pure and soul as the song of angels aversion itself with him is not hatred he much but justly with also with and even a sort of love love in fact is the atmosphere he breathes in the medium through which he looks his is the spirit which gives life and beauty to whatever it embraces nature itself is no longer an insensible assemblage of colors and but a mysterious presence with which he in unutterable sympathies we might call him as he once called a priest of nature a mild wandering amid groves and under skies the infinite night with her solemn aspects day and the sweet approach of even and mom are full of meaning for him he loves the green earth with her streams and forests her and eternal skies loves her with a sort of passion in all her of light and shade his spirit in her grandeur and charms like the breeze over wood and lawn over and stealing and giving it has sometimes been made a wonder that things so should go together that men of humor are likewise men of sensibility but the wonder should rather be to see them divided to find true genial humor dwelling in a mind that was coarse or the essence of humor is sensibility warm tender fellow feeling with all forms	37
full growth resisting all casting off all foreign especially all and show himself paul at length in his own shape and stature be these what they may there is no uniform of excellence either in physical or spiritual nature all genuine things are what they ought to be the is good and beautiful so likewise is the elephant in literature it is the same every man says has his own style like his own nose true there are noses of wonderful dimensions but no nose can justly be by the public not even the of himself so it be a real nose and no wooden one put on for deception s sake and mere show to speak in grave language means and we agree with him that the outward style is to be judged of by the inward qualities of the spirit which it is employed to body forth that without prejudice to critical propriety well understood the former may vary into many shapes as the latter that in short the grand point for a writer is not to be of this or that external make and fashion but in every fashion to be genuine vigorous alive alive with his whole being and for beneficent results tried by this test we imagine s wild manner will be found less imperfect than many a very tame one to the man it may not be in that singular form there is a fire a splendor a energy which us into nay into love of much that might otherwise offend above all this man with as he may be is consistent and he is at one with himself he knows his aims and them in sincerity of heart joyfully and with will a harmonious development of being the first and last object of all true culture has therefore been attained if not completely at least more completely than in one of a thousand ordinary men nor let us forget that in such a nature it was not of easy that where much was to be developed some should be forgiven it is true the beaten s miscellaneous writings paths of literature lead the to the goal and the talent pleases us most which to shine with new through old forms nor is the noblest and most peculiar mind too noble or peculiar for working by prescribed laws and m s own age how little did they on the given forms of composition how much in the spirit they breathed into them all this is true and must lose of our esteem in proportion much however will remain and why should we quarrel with the high because it is not the highest s worst faults are nearly allied to his best merits being chiefly of good irregular of wealth a dazzling with excess of true light these things may be the more readily as they are little likely to be on the whole genius has privileges of its own it an for itself and be this never so eccentric if it is indeed a celestial we mere must at last compose ourselves must cease to at it and begin to observe it and calculate its laws that is a new planet in the intellectual heavens we dare not affirm an he is not wholly perhaps a that though with long and in a veil has yet its place in the of s individual works of his opinions his general philosophy of life we have no room left us to speak regarding his novels we may say that except in some few instances and those chiefly of the shorter class they are not what in strict language we can term with much of parts it is rare that any of them leaves on us the impression of a perfect whole a true work of art requires to be in the mind of its creator and as it were poured forth from his imagination though not from his pen at one paul s works do not always bear sufficient marks of having been in yet neither are they merely together to say the least they have been a similar remark applies to many of his characters indeed more or less to all of them except such as are entirely humorous or have a large dash of humor in this latter province certainly he is at home a true poet a maker his his even his and are living figures but in heroic personages passionate massive overpowering as he is we have scarcely ever a complete ideal art has not attained to the concealment of itself with his again he is more successful they are often true though perhaps with too little variety of character bustling mothers and with all the and warm generous of women or white half creatures meek still long suffering high of tenderest affections and hearts crushed yet supernatural figures he has not attempted and wisely for he cannot write without belief yet many times he an imagination of a nay on the whole of a truth and grandeur elsewhere in his dreams there is a mystic a gloom and amid the dim gigantic half ghastly shadows of a splendor which almost re all to us the visions of by readers who have studied the dream in the new year s eve we shall not be mistaken s philosophy a matter of no ordinary interest both as it with the common philosophy of germany and with it must not be touched on for the present one only observation we shall make it is not mechanical or it springs not from the or the but from the depths of the human spirit and as its fairest product a noble system of morality and the s miscellaneous writings conviction of religion in this latter point we reckon him peculiarly worthy of study to a careless reader he might seem the wildest of for nothing can exceed the freedom with which he to and	37
fro the of religion nay sometimes the highest objects of christian reverence there are passages of this sort which will occur to every reader of but which not to fall into the error we have already blamed in madame de we shall refrain from quoting more light is in the following r or he in his usual abrupt way note to s journey or are all your churches of ease and anything else but the of the invisible temple and its holy of yet of all nay perhaps in spite of many is in the highest sense of the word religious a reverence not a self interested fear but a noble reverence for the spirit of all goodness forms the crown and glory of his culture the fiery elements of his nature have been under holy influences and by a principle of mercy and humility into peace and well doing an intense and continual faith in man s immortality and native grandeur him from amid the of life he looks up to a heavenly the solution of what is visible and transient he finds in what is invisible and eternal he has doubted he yet he believes when in your last hour says he p when in your last hour think of this all faculty in the broken spirit shall fade away and die into imagination thought enjoyment then at last will the night flower of belief alone continue blooming and refresh with its in the last darkness to reconcile these seeming to explain the grounds the manner the of s belief can not be attempted here we recommend him ta the study the and even the praise of all men who have inquired into this highest of questions with a right spirit inquired with the martyr but also with the martyr reverence of men that love and will not accept a a frank honest yet truly spiritual faith is of all things the in our time of writings which though with many we have praised so much our hesitating readers may demand some specimen to unhappily we have none of a convincing sort to give ask us not to represent the forests by three twigs plucked from them or the of the by a of its water to those meanwhile who will look on twigs as mere twigs and a handful of water as only so many drops we present the following it is a summer sunday night paul is taking leave of the parson and his wife like him we have long laughed at them or wept for them like him also we are sad to part from them we were all of us too deeply moved we at last tore ourselves asunder from repeated embraces my friend retired with the soul whom he loves i remained alone behind with the night and i without through woods through valleys and over and through sleeping villages to enjoy the great night like a day i walked and still looked like the to the region of midnight to strengthen my heart at the gleaming twilight at this of d morning beneath our feet white night flitted white blossoms fluttered white stars fell and the white hung silvery in the high shadow of the earth which reaches beyond the moon and which is our night then began the harp of the creation to tremble and to sound blown on from above and my immortal soul was vol i c s if a id this the heart of a brother swelled under the heaven as the seas swell under the and under the moon the village struck ing as it were with the tone of ancient eternity the limbs of my buried touched cold on my soul and drove away its as dead hands heal of the skin i walked silently through little close by their outer church yards where coffin boards w re glimmering while the once bright eyes that had lain m them were into grey ashes cold thought clutch not like a cold at my heart i look up to y and an chain thither and over and below and all is and warmth and light and all is or god towards morning i thy late lights little city of my dwelling which i belong to on this side the grave to earth and in thy behind the by advanced midnight it struck half past two about this hour in went down in the west and the moon rose in the east and my soul desired in grief for the noble warlike blood which is still streaming on the blossoms of spring ah retire bloody war like red and thou still peace come forth like the mild divided moon end of q such seen through no medium but in dim and in hurried outline are some features of paul and his works has long loved him to england also he must me day become known for a man of this magnitude belongs not to one people but to the world what our countrymen may decide of him still more what may be his fortune with we will not try to time has a contract paul s ing influence on many a wide spread fame yet of we will say that he may survive much there is in him that which does not die that beauty and earnestness of soul that spirit of humanity of love and mild wisdom over which the of mode have no sway this is that excellence of the inmost nature which alone immortality on writings that charm which still under every us to the pages of our own and and when their way of thought has m ceased to be ours and the most valued of their merely in opinions have passed away as ours too must do with the circumstances and events in which they took their shape or rise to men of a right	37
mind there may long be in much that has attraction and value in the moral desert of vulgar literature th its and ed bitter and too often shrubs the writings of this man will rise in their irregular like a f of date trees with its and well of water to refresh the pilgrim in the with nourishment and shade s mi writings state of german literature review these two books notwithstanding their of tide are properly parts of one and the same the outlines though of prior date in regard to publication having now assumed the character of and conclusion to the larger work of fourth volume to the other three it is designed of course for the home market yet the foreign student also will find in it a safe and valuable help and in of its should receive it with and good will doubtless we might have wished for a and descriptive talent and perhaps for a somewhat more catholic spirit in the writer of such a history but in their absence we have still much to praise horn s literary creed would on the whole we believe be acknowledged by his countrymen as the true one and this though it is chiefly from one immovable station that he can survey his subject he seems heartily anxious to apply with and another improvement might have been a deeper principle of arrangement a firmer into periods and schools for as it stands the work is more a critical sketch of poets than a history of german poetry die und der von von horn the poetry and of the from s time to the present exhibited by horn vo und der der outlines for the history and criticism of polite literature in germany during the years by horn vo of let ua ix t quarrel however with our au r his merits as a literary historian are plain and by no means without the almost frightful of or he gives creditable of re se and general information and possesses a lightness in composition to which neither of these persons can well pretend undoubtedly he has a flowing pen and is at home in this province not only a speaker of the word indeed but a of the work having written besides his great variety of tracts and philosophical and critical several very deserving works of a poetic sort he is not it must be owned a very strong man but he is and orderly and goes through his work with a certain of heart nay at times with a alacrity which might even require to be character seems full of perhaps too much so for its natural vigor his novels accordingly to judge from the few we have read of them verge towards the sentimental in the present work in like manner he has adopted nearly all the best ideas of his but with something of an undue vehemence and he tes the cause of religion integrity and true poetic taste with great and vivacity were it not that too his zeal his prudence insight thus for instance he declares repeatedly in so many words that no can be a poet unless he is a christian the meaning here is very good but why this is it not inviting the simple minded not to speak of whom horn very justly to ask when the thirty nine articles or whether and were really of the bishop of s opinion again he talks too often of representing the infinite in the of the and such high in ot horn s style though extremely has cart b miscellaneous one great fault it is to speak it in a single word an style his stream of meaning uniformly clear and wholesome in itself will not quietly along its but is ever and anon up into and playful he is and kindly and we do believe honest hearted but there is a certain in him a and then his sport is more a al than any dignified smile or even any laugh with gravity succeeding it sentence is among the best we recollect of him and will partly illustrate what we mean we submit it for tiie sake of its import likewise to all on the in their future of and sa n horn belongs to that species of writers who have all the desire in the world to build almighty a magnificent church at the same time however not giving the devil any to whom accordingly they set up a neat little chapel close by where you can him some touch of sacrifice at a time and practise a quiet household for him without disturbance in this style of witty and conceited mirth part of the book is written but our chief at present is not with horn or his book of whom accordingly his labors to all inquisitive students of german and himself to good estimation with all good men we must here take leave we have a word or two to say on that strange literature itself concerning which our readers probably feel more curious to learn what it is than with what skill it has been judged of above a century ago the to himself the question si un de had the him of what country and were or who it was that of to mankind the great elements of modem civilization and the it might hare thrown light on his inquiry had he known the lied and where and and the ship of fools and four of all the popular humor and romance to be found in europe in the and centuries took its rise had he read a page or two of paul or even and all of whom had already lived and written in his day had the taken this trouble who knows but he might have found with whatever amazement that a could actually have a little or perhaps even something	37
better no such trouble was requisite for the motion in is well known to be and than through a resisting medium especially to bodies and so the light by facts or principles of any kind failed not to reach his conclusion and in a comfortable frame of mind to decide that a german could not have any talent thus did the that he had a pleasant wit but in the end he has paid dear for it the french themselves have since begun to know something of the and something also of their own critical daniel and now it is by this one joke that the is doomed to live for the blessing of full is denied him and so he hangs suspended in his own over the dusky pool which he struggles toward but for a great while will not reach might his but serve as a warning to kindred men of wit in regard to this and so many other subjects for surely the pleasure of at all times and in itself a dangerous luxury is much safer after the toil of examining than before it s we differ from the in this matter and must endeavor to discuss it there is in fact much in the present aspect of german literature not deserving notice but deep from all thinking men and far too complex for being handled in the way of it is always advantageous to think justly of our neighbors nay in mere honesty it is a duty and like every other duty brings its own reward perhaps at the present era this duty is more essential than ever an era of such promise nd si ch threatening when so many elements of good and evil are everywhere in conflict and human society is as it were struggling to body itself forth anew and so many colored rays are springing up in this quarter and in that which only by their union can produce pure light happily too though still a difficult it is no longer an impossible duty for the commerce in material things has paved roads for commerce in things spiritual and a true thought or a noble creation passes lightly to us from the remotest countries provided only our minds be open to receive it this indeed is a and a great obstacle lies in it one which to many must be yet which it is the chief glory of social culture to for if a man who mistakes his own contracted individuality for the type of human nature and with whatever aim as if it contradicted this m but a and without true wisdom be he furnished with partial as he may what better shall we think of a nation that in like manner itself from foreign influence regards its own modes so many laws of nature and all that is as unworthy even of examination of this narrow and condition the french down almost to our own times have a remarkable and instructive example as indeed of late they have been often of enough reminded and are now themselves in a spirit beginning to admit that our countrymen have at any time much in this point cannot we think truly be alleged against them neither shall we say with some passionate admirers of that to the in particular they have been unjust it is true the literature and character of that country which within the last half century have been more worthy perhaps than any other of our study and regard are still very generally to us or what is worse but for this there are not wanting less offensive reasons that the false and ware which was in all hands should reach us before the and truly excellent which it required some excellence to recognise that s insanity should have spread faster by some fifty years than s wisdom that s philosophy should stand in the background as a dreary and dream and s be held out to us from every as a reality all this lay in the nature of the case that many readers should draw conclusions from imperfect premises and by the judge too hastily of the stock imported from was likewise natural no unfair bias no unwise that we are aware of has ever been at work in the matter perhaps at worst a degree of a to all of foreign genius for what more do we know of recent spanish or italian literature than of german of and of or than of and wherever german art in those of it which need no has addressed us immediately our recognition of it has been prompt and hearty from to from to and ven we have welcomed the painters and of germany not only to our praise but to our affections and nor if in their literature we been more s backward is the literature itself without blame two tones ago from the german were frequent in england s to i is still a ble classic in our language nay jacob has found a place among us and this not as a dead letter but as a living castle to a still of our in the next century indeed translation ceased but then it was in a great measure because there was little worth the horrors of the thirty years war followed by the and of louis the had the country french influence extending from the courts of princes to the of the learned lay like a over the far nobler mind of germany and all true vanished from its literature or was heard only in faint tones which lived in the hearts of the people but could not reach with any to the ears of foreigners and now that the genius of the country has not that the were idle or altogether engaged as we too loosely suppose in the work of and le on the contrary they and with due vigor as to	37
quantity only the quality was bad two facts on this head may deserve mention in the year there were found in the library of one no fewer than volumes of poetry containing says horn a treasure of german hymns and much about the same period one of s scholars had as many as german novels all of the th century the hymns we understand to be much better than the novels or rather perhaps the novels to be much worse than the hymns neither was critical study neglected nor indeed honest endeavor on all hands to attain improvement witness the strange books from time to time put forth and the still institutions established for this purpose among the former we have the poetical at in and within six hours to pour in the whole essence of this difficult art into the most head also was the chief seat of the and their ef or singer in op in old strength attention to it hm certainly ki if we y little or nothing of the it is not because we do wrong but in good part because they are somewhat difficult to know in fact of all sorts naturally enough find their place here a country which has no national tore or a literature too insignificant to its way abroad always be to its neighbors at least ip every important spiritual reject an unknown and country its towns may figure on our maps its population political may be recorded in books but the character of the people has no and no voice we cannot know them by speech and discourse but only by mere sight and outward observation which poetry was taught and practised like any other and this by sober and well meaning men chiefly who could not understand why labor which so many things should manufacture another of these brethren by trade a is greatly the most noted and most notable his father was a tailor he himself learned the mystery of song under one a he was an of his great contemporary who has even to acknowledge his services in the cause of the how a must have been will appear from the fact that in his th year on examining his stock for publication he found that he had written poetical pieces among which were and y and this besides having all along kept house like an honest by and shoe making is not without genius and a shrewd irony and above all the most gay child like yet devout and solid character a man neither to be despised nor but left standing on his own basis as a singular product and a still symbol and clear mirror of the time and country where he lived his best piece known to us and many are well worth is the farce of the where the doctor a and patient by cutting out half a dozen fools from his interior s miscellaneous writings of manners and now if both sight and speech if both and native literature are found but ineffectual in this how more so the former alone to seize a character even that of one man in its life and secret requires a philosopher to it with truth and is work for a poet how then shall one or two sleek with here and there a stricken or half pay captain give us views on such a subject how shall a man to whom all characters of individual men are like sealed books of which he sees only the tide and covers from his four wheeled vehicle and to us the character of a nation he his own notes this to be incomprehensible that other to be insignificant much to be good much to be bad and most of all indifferent and so with a few flowing strokes a picture which though it may not even resemble any possible object his countrymen are to take for a national portrait nor is the fraud so readily detected for the character of a people has such of aspect that even the honest observer knows not always not perhaps long inspection what to determine regarding it from his only accidental point of view the figure stands before him like the on a mass of mere random lines and tints and entangled strokes out of which a lively fancy may shape almost any image but the image he brings along with him is always the this is tried it answers as well as another and a second now its thus each in confident tones though it may be with a secret his the hundred times repeated comes in the end to be believed the foreign nation is now once for all understood decided on and accordingly and the writes of it like the first state of with tbe aid of literary and intellectual much of this falsehood may no doubt be corrected yet even here sound judgment is far from easy and moat na characters are still as long ago complained the product rather of popular prejudice than of insight that the in particular have by no means escaped such nay perhaps have had more than the common share of it cannot in their circumstances surprise us from the time of and to those of and that is from the part o the to the middle of the they had scarcely any literature known abroad or deserving to be known their political condition during this same period was oppressive and every way unfortunate and at home the nation split into so many and petty states had lost all feeling of itself as of a nation and its energies in arts as in arms were manifested only in detail too often in collision and always under for influence the french at once their and their described them to the rest of europe as a semi barbarous people which comfortable fact the rest of europe was willing enough to	37

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