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1yqjoo | If keeping your heart rate up is good for you during exercise, is the same true of watching scary movies, playing video games, or other passive heart rate boosters? | Heart rate increases due to exercise are healthier than heart rate increases due to terror (eg. watching a scary movie). Terror-based heart rate increases are accompanied by a spike in adrenaline, which can be damaging to your heart over time. | ec8ef71b-957d-45f3-922b-ca659821d2b8 |
3frv9b | What causes loose skin on some people after losing weight? | when you get fat, your skin stretches, there's almost no limit on how much the skin can stretch and you will get stretch marks if it stretches too fast. when you lose fat, it's hard for your skin to unstretch. so they are left with loose skin. of course the more weight they lose the more significant an issue this will be. | 2cdc56b4-e8d1-4572-9a1b-b9562a133e1c |
7dnr87 | If people are constantly going to film school and learning how to properly make films, why are so many bad directors, editors, cinematographers, writers, etc. still getting work? Why are they not fired and replaced by someone who can do the job better? | Thats kind of like thinking a pro athlete is shitty so they should be replaced.
Sure they aren't doing that well, and they are struggling, but the playing field is at such an absurdly high level you can't say the are 'bad'. Especially if you want to talk about the people who come out of film school.
go watch "The Room", thats a movie that was self funded and produced with little to no oversight/screening, and then rewatch the other movies you think are bad. They aren't bad movies, for the most part, they just aren't perfect. | 038a64e8-5c76-4e39-91e9-40094b2830da |
5g7cdv | how a hardware store worker is affecting a whole country's economy | He posts the true dollar to bolivar exchange rate. The Venezuelan government insists n setting the rate rather than permitting it to fluctuate based on demand.
Since the people are now armed with better information, they are spending their bolivars with that information in mind.
The article explains this in more depth. Perhaps the real ELI5 answer would be "Read the entire article instead of just the headline. Come back with specific questions." | 2a9d759e-8297-4f12-8d1c-1d9c7bd255eb |
6l56m5 | when baking, why can you not simply 2x, 3x, etc the recipe to increase the batch? | Baking is a very specific form of cooking that requires two things; humidity and temperature. When you're making your dough, you need it to raise and set. The size of your rolled/patted dough alters how it raises and sets.
If you multiply a baking recipe, it could possibly affect the size of your rolled/patted dough, which affects the time, temperature, and humidity that it needs to raise and set. | f36406d1-6bce-41ce-92b2-e050a51dc9b5 |
2m9jap | Why do my veins look blue when my blood is red? | Oxygenated blood is the bright red you are familiar with, blood without oxygen is a darker red. Due to the way that light is absorbed by the skin and muscle between your veins and the surface, the dark red blood appears blue.
Edit: any of the other answers stating that human blood is blue without oxygen are just incorrect.
This is also one of those times that the search function should have been used, here is one result of search 'blood blue':
_URL_0_
Googling 'why is my blood blue' yields these top results in case you want to read them:
_URL_1_
_URL_3_
_URL_2_ | 505debb7-90a0-4370-8367-0745eb8a75f2 |
2g09cj | What does U2 get out of releasing it's new album for free on iTunes? | A new generation of people listening to their music. Said people may consider buying their other albums which are not free. | 03ff90eb-1fa1-4188-bc72-fc3f4c841e2b |
2iz9o2 | How does an insect's mind function relative to our own in terms of "thoughts," motivation, and instinct? | As far as brain development is concerned, humans have a shared heritage with other mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and even fish. There are structural similarities between the human brain and the brains of these species, and through various states of altered consciousness we can make an educated guess about the consciousness of these species. For example, the basal ganglia plays an important role when humans dream, and a reptile's brain by comparison consists (mostly) of a structure similar to the basal ganglia, so we can make an educated guess about reptilian consciousness. Obviously the human basal ganglia has evolved some unique features, but the "driven" and "self-absorbed" sense of awareness experienced by humans when dreaming is likely similar to reptilian consciousness overall.
Insects however do not have a common heritage with humans, at least not as far as brain development is concerned. Insects evolved from crustaceans, which in turn evolved from annelid worms (by comparison, fish evolved from chaetognatha worms). We can look at the amount of neurons contained in the insect brain, but we haven't really a good understanding or reference for the structures of the insect brain. As such, we can't really make educated guesses about insect consciousness, only speculation. | 475b8fd2-8f17-4c2c-8e9c-3d19db2bfc2e |
247r63 | How do our toes, such a small part of our bodies, withstand our body weight with full stability without breaking? | They've evolved to be strong enough to. Bones are pretty darn strong compared to their size/weight. That, along with your muscles helping support them, can generally withstand a good bit of weight, assuming you're relatively healthy.
And if you trained those muscles, you could do even more. Ballet dancers can jump around on their tippy toes, although their feet do tend to be kind of a mess as a result. | bc1f9f7d-f621-4161-85e7-c5e32c64714d |
zrd3t | The news is confusing me, how does a bill create jobs? | I know of three ways, but there are possibly others too. For one, government can introduce tax deductions and other relieving measures so an employer has more money left with which he can employ more people. Other form of job creation through government is public infrastructure spending where they announce/push lets say road building and lots of companies and people through them get to work. Third measure is through banking which can be any of various measures (varies from country to country - if there is central banking or not etc...), but most common are through making lending to companies cheaper, so they can borrow money for less and create new opportunities, jobs, expand their business... | e02840dc-cd73-4a84-8e2c-dde7793f34e7 |
1hbuxy | Why do we call bigotry towards homosexuals homophobia? | Homophobia is not a recognized clinical disorder the same way acrophobia is. It's first recorded use was in a NY Times article in the 80's.
The wiki page on homophobia has a section mentioning the same semantic criticism that you do, with LGBT scholars suggesting terms such as homonegativity or sexual prejudice to replace the pseudo-scientific "phobia" suffix.
Personally, I believe homophobia is a dated term that ties back to a time when it was believed that homosexuality and other non-heteronormative behavior was a mental disorder. | 3f76d25d-ccfc-48d9-bc2d-e99996c7776a |
7psp11 | How can the police or the fire departement tell what the cause of a fire was? For example by arson, by accident or just by nature itself? | Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained:
1. [ELI5: How do technicians determine the cause of a fire? Eg. to a cigarette stub when everything is burned out. ](_URL_1_) ^(_ > 100 comments_)
1. [ELI5: How do people determine how fires start? Wouldn't all the evidence of the cause of the fire be destroyed in the fire? ](_URL_0_) ^(_18 comments_)
1. [ELI5: How do fire detectives discover the cause of a fire when everything is burnt and destroyed ](_URL_2_) ^(_38 comments_)
1. [ELI5: How can investigators tell if a fire was caused by arson? ](_URL_4_) ^(_2 comments_)
1. [ELI5: How can fire inspectors determine the cause of a fire from the rubble? ](_URL_6_) ^(_18 comments_)
1. [ELI5: How the heck do authorities determine who started a massive fire in the middle of the woods somewhere? ](_URL_3_) ^(_ > 100 comments_)
1. [ELI5: How do fire investigators find someone who started a forest fire? ](_URL_5_) ^(_ > 100 comments_) | 1ff1aade-5b7b-4aed-8242-1672e8f8d3cf |
18x39k | Death Tax | The "death tax" (aka estate tax) doesn't actually kick in unless your grandmother's estate is worth more than $5.25 million. Your father doesn't know what he's talking about. | b46010f2-b583-491b-810f-9efee0182f71 |
5uku5c | In empty space, without a reference point, how would traveling at the speed of light work? It seems like one's speed would be totally indeterminate and therefore would be able to travel at the speed of light. | You can accelerate forever. The universe conspires to keep you below the speed of light, however. But it does it in a strange way. You, on your ship, would see time pass as normal. But you would experience lorentz contraction. As you continue to accelerate, distances along the axis of your travel would shrink. Not as in "you're moving forward so there's less distance between you and your destination" but literally if you put some "start line" in space, and a finish line at your target, they're *closer together* the faster you hit the start line, from your perspective.
On the other hand, any observer would never see you reach the speed of light, rather they would see you traveling through time more slowly as you move at sublight speed. You would see time passing more slowly for them in turn. So neither of you see yourself as breaking light speed. To you, you just traveled a shorter distance that didn't require you to exceed the speed of light. To them, you traveled slower than the speed of light, but experienced less time than they did, so you didn't age as much as you would have sitting still. Both adding up to 'you got to your destination younger than we'd expect without relativistic effects'
In all cases, were you to measure light traveling relative to you, it would appear to be passing you at the speed of light. You cannot catch up to it. | 5a38612c-99a7-40db-b416-45d61d0035ca |
3gjex4 | Why do scam websites that claim to sell "a revolutionary product" all look the same? | Because they work. Scam artists and lazy people see an idea that brings money for little work, and they emulate that idea. Why fix something that isnt broken, right? Similar idea to why there are a million different versions of Minecraft and Bejewelled. The people peddling these things aren't innovators. They don't desire to expand on previous formulas and improve the world. They just want quick cash, and the easiest way to do that is to do the exact same thing other people have done. | 493ca051-0c4f-44f1-8007-020be400eb17 |
1ikrmu | The difference between a president, a prime minister, and other types of national leaders | There are 2 types of governments, at least among large developed nations like the UK, US, Canada, etc. A parliamentary or a Presidential system. Both have the same 3 basic branches of government. The judicial, executive and legislative. The differences lie with the executive.
In parliamentary system, the parliament is made up of elected representatives. These representatives belong to political parties. The party who has the highest percentage of seats is considered to be the one in charge.
Each political party has a leader (chosen by the party in question). The party who has the most seats gets to name it's leader the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister then chooses a Cabinet (from the other elected representatives). Note that this can get complex. In a system with more then 2 parties, there can be coalitions formed resulting in the Prime Minister being from a party that did not necessarily have the most representatives elected. Really it's whoever can get the most votes for himself from among the elected representatives.
The important distinction is that the people do NOT elect the Prime Minister directly, but rather the group of elected representatives elect one of themselves to be the Prime Minister.
So, each various government department is run by civil servants. These high ranking civil servants report to the Minister in charge of that department. These Ministers make up a group called the Cabinet. They are selected from amongst the elected representatives by the Prime Minister.
So the Minister of Defence is just another elected representatives who was chosen for that role after the election.
Formally, the Prime Minister is the Minister who is in charge of the other Ministers (hence the name). All of the ministers are ordinary members of parliament, but not all members of parliament are ministers. Ministers can change at the will of the Prime Minister without any public input (no election required).
The Prime Minister can also change without a general election, although the public would be upset if it went on for long. If the existing Prime Minister steps down, and the party in charge elects a new leader, then BOOM a new Prime Minister. Normally the act of forcing the removal of a Prime Minister will trigger a new election.
So to summarize, the legislative branch is elected directly by the people. The Prime Minister is chosen from among the elected representatives. Normally the Prime Minister is the leader of the most powerful party. The Prime Minister selects a Cabinet from the other elected representatives and together they form the executive branch.
This basic system of government is normally used in the nations that had significant british influence.
In the US, the Executive branch is elected directly and called a president. The President is NOT a member of the legislative branch. The Cabinet is made up of people who were NOT elected by the people and therefore they must go through a confirmation process. | c1149e0e-6955-47fb-b66a-5cd836ec4720 |
3a4jvo | If women have a right to their own bodies, why is abortion legal, but prostitution illegal? | The straightforward answer to the legal question---at least in the U.S.---is that the government has a lot more power to regulate commercial activities done for entertainment than it has to regulate private medical decisions.
The slightly less straightforward answer has to do with how courts look at the interests of the individual and of the state in these circumstances. At least when discussing the first trimester, the Supreme Court has said that the state doesn't really have an interest that overcomes the woman's control over her body, because of issues like privacy and the ambiguities of defining the start of life as a philosophical matter (rather than as a question of viability). This is not the case with prostitution, where the states interests are the same all the time, and where courts have said these interests (in things like preventing associated crimes, avoiding exploitation of vulnerable populations, etc...) can survive a challenge.
Philosophically, of course, people debate this all the time. Plenty of people think both should be illegal. And many people believe both should be legal, or at the least that laws against prostitution should be restructured to punish those that use it to harm/dominate rather than those forced into or choosing that life. And, of course some people are divided. But that philosophical debate is only loosely related to why the law is presently the way it is. | 71057e73-b655-42c5-a44d-a6d34c3ee203 |
5ixmyk | Why, when looking at the reflection of my monitor in a glass of orange juice, do I see rainbows across the reflection? | Because your glass is curved. So it's going to curve the light passing through it and reflecting off of it ever so slightly.
Bending light in such a manner produces a rainbow effect because the medium does not bend all the frequencies of light the by same amount. | 99f0a555-13bb-4b2d-afac-7cfe071fd0be |
2yo4on | how do people (Tom Petty Gaye family) win copyright battles over songs with loosely similar melodies? Haven't all the basic pop melodies been used a thousand times already? | Songs can be stylistically similar in a number of different ways, and it's when these add up that infringement becomes a problem. In other words, yes, it is inevitable that occasionally two songs will share a similar melody here and there. However, songs consist of more than just melodies:
- Lyrical content
- Beat/rhythm
- Chord sequence
- Choice of instrumentation/composition
- Structure
- Other stylistic decisions
To name but a few. If two songs are similar in just one of these respects, then there probably isn't a problem. For example, most songs in the house music genre adopt a broadly similar structure (intro, build, drop, breakdown, drop, outro). No-one is going to argue that this is plagiarism; it's just a stylistic feature of the genre. However, if I write a song that has similar lyrical content, chords and melodies to an existing track then suddenly it's going to raise some eyebrows.
This was the crux of the Blurred Lines case. The main similarities are in the choice of instrumentation (organ bass), the rhythm (same speed with loose percussion), and other stylistic decisions (whooping/party noises in the background). Had Blurred Lines just used one of these elements, there probably wouldn't have been a case. | 82ec0729-ba74-4a44-9827-c0af3dd66ce1 |
2xjpyc | In movies, they need to keep having a phone connection for like 30secs in order to track someones location. Why? | Excuse my language, but the movies are total bullshit in this case. It's just a plot device.
Whenever you place a call, at least within North America, there are two Caller Identity records that automatically get tagged on the call. These tags are sent as part of the protocol to setup the call (before the call is even connected).
The first is the regular Caller ID number (and potentially name) the receiving party sees on their Caller ID display when their phone rings. For VoIP calls and landline calls placed within Canada specifically, the name of the calling party may also be tagged on to the call. For most other calls (particularly in the US), only the number is tagged and a name (if displayed) is retrieved from a national look-up database.
Anyway, to get the point, this type of Caller ID described in the above paragraph can be hidden or spoofed. By this I mean, you can tell your telephone company to hide the number from the receiving party and -- if you're a VoIP or business customer -- you can tell the telephone company what outbound telephone number should be tagged onto the call for Caller ID.
There is, however, an entirely different Caller Identity system used internally by your telephone company and other trusted parties to identify callers. This system is often referred to as ANI (Automatic Number Identification).
This reflects the actual subscriber number assigned to the physical line from which you are calling. This identity tag cannot be changed or hidden, it's always present on calls made through the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). It's the system used, for example, to identify you for billing purposes, for 911 Emergency Services, internal call tracing etc.
The only time you can really 'spoof' ANI is when you dial through a proxy. By this I mean, you call (or hack) into another telephone system and you make a call through said system. Alternatively, you call through a VoIP (internet based) service provider. The ANI may then be traced back to that telephone system or VoIP service rather than the line you're actually calling from.
In this case the telephone company may try to look up records for calls dialing into the compromised telephone system and then do an ANI trace on that or alternatively ask the VoIP provider to give up their IP logs. Even so, this does not require the call to be connected for any length of time, and they can look back on that data for as long as they want just so long as they don't erase it.
Now cell phones are a little different, but again, the'res no requirement for the call to be connected for any number of seconds. Right off the bat, whatever cell network the phone is connected to will maintain a record of the cell tower the phone is currently connected to as well as a history of previous cell tower locations the phone was connected to. It is trivially simple for the mobile network operator to determine which cell tower the phone was connected to when the call was made (and even when no call was being made). Cell towers have a relatively small range (particularly in urban areas), so you can narrow down the location pretty well without even getting into GPS stuff.
Then of course, there is GPS location. It is possible, with many phones, for the mobile network operator to poll the GPS location of the phone (for emergency purposes) and certainly it's the case that GPS information can be transmitted when you call emergency services.
TL;DR: Total bullshit, there is no need for the call to be connected for X number of seconds. Regardless of whether it's a landline or cell phone, the key information that can be used to trace the call (at least to a general location) is instantly available even before the call is connected. There are some cases where the true location of the caller can be obscured, but having the call connected for X number of seconds really does nothing to make it easier to locate the caller. | bbf08196-68e7-4595-b4f4-097b3ff6ba6b |
6bkfaw | Why are warm showers very sedative and cold showers very stimulating? | The heat from a hot shower helps tightened or inflamed muscles (from stress or injury) relax and also promotes better blood flow and circulation. This, naturally, has a relaxing affect on the body.
Cold water can stimulate oxygen intake via the physical shock from the temperature and can also increase heart rate, circulating blood flow. Cold water might also help relieve some muscle soreness. | b796c769-c871-4957-a567-0efecd7a922e |
27cif4 | War on Terror | Well, you can learn a lot here:
_URL_0_
The term was first used by the Reagan Administration in the 1980s.
It's really more of a phrase that politicians use to get applause and to refer to the general military operations against terrorist organizations and other groups vaguely like them, than an actual war.
It really kind of peaked with the 9/11 attack and the subsequent war in Afghanistan and later sort of Iraq.
The way to end it is difficult. Ultimately I think we won't ever win or lose the war, because there's no definite end goal like there is with regular wars like WWII (get the Nazi army to surrender).
I think after a while, the general idea that we are at war with terror will just kind of go out of popular thinking.
Obama's role in the war on terror is interesting and still being worked out. He has increased drone strikes significantly more than the Bush administration, and has even used them to assassinate American citizens in Yemen without a trial (Anwar al-Awlaki). He also sent a 2 year surge of troops into Afghanistan beginning in 2010. | b046c2b4-de00-48ca-8487-9eaa3f8eb51e |
stnj2 | why some game updates introduce more bugs | Think of computer code like a spider web - if you tug on one end of the web, the entire web moves slightly because it's all connected. Now, ideally, code should be modular, such that if you change this one piece over here, that other piece over there is completely unaffected. However, in the real world, it's quite common for code (especially complex code) to get more interconnected than it really should be, to the point where if you make a change to this module over here, that other module over there, which should have *nothing* to do with your change, suddenly breaks or changes its behaviour in a subtle way. It's like trying to take scissors to a spider web and cut out just one part of it without causing the rest of the web to move - it's very, very delicate work. | 6f171fd7-747c-4766-a3a8-02d6026c79d2 |
3artty | how can identical twins have distinctly different voices? | Identical twins are only genetically identical.
Voice is affected by a multitude of things; for example, your environment, have you smoked? Your diet, do you weight exactly the same amount and are you the same height? How and when you learnt to speak, were you presented with exactly the same learning materials? Your ability, does one of you have Dyslexia, or something that would affect how you process language? Is one bi-lingual?
You see? Many things can affect the voice, not just genetics :) | fd529eed-2d5c-4294-aad6-d4607e8ba6ff |
8e2bff | When we get issued plates for our IOTV vests in the army, we get told not to drop the plates or they might shatter. How can these plates that are rated for a 7.62x54mm bullet stop said bullet if they can't even hold up when they get dropped? | It's not about being so hard as to stop the bullet. It's about reducing the amount of energy the bullet is carrying. Transferring that energy into the ceramic and distributing it throughout lessens the energy. As stated above cars are made to crumple at the hood forward. That way the energy of the impact is spread into the front of the vehicle instead of in your body. It's like a stuntman coming off a high jump. If he lands directly on his feet he will snap his legs. If he rolls he distributes the energy and doesn't get injured. | baff8bb6-6b42-4b7d-9551-b826b3d8caec |
1qip6w | Why do we forget dreams so fast? | They're not stored in long term memory. The reason for this is probably because there's no advantage to remembering them and remembering them would clog your memory up with crap. | c4716726-c9d8-414e-b3c0-34e79d5afb74 |
69h5kw | How does 'dual-citizenship' work if one of the countries concerned doesn't have the provision of 'dual-citizenship'? | It doesn't. If you are a citizen of a country that doesn't allow you to hold multiple citizenships, when push comes to shove you may have to decide to give one of them up. Or you may lose your original citizenship automatically as soon as you acquire your new one.
But it's not like, for example, the U.S. government won't let an Austrian citizen apply for U.S. citizenship because Austria doesn't allow them. | d42e1ed3-b019-470e-b998-0674881c2b78 |
60e52q | Why don't blood vessels sort of kink when we fold our knees/elbows? | 1. The outside of each blood vessel is made of a material that has the right blend of firmness and flexibility.
2. Most blood vessels are surrounded by soft tissue that will yield first, or hard things (like bones) that will protect them from some of the pressure.
3. The interior of blood vessels is pressurized by the action of the heart. | 5844b8ac-69d6-426c-9b6f-b18a1397b5b3 |
18fpbe | How do cameras work exactly? | Assuming you are referring to digital cameras (not the old-fashioned film cameras):
Light from the subject (like a puppy) is focused onto a sensor chip using a lens, or more than one lens. There are different kinds of sensors, but the basic idea behind all of them are similar. They contain an array of sensor "elements" laid out in a rectangular grid pattern. When light hits a sensor element, it excites electrons in the element, raising them to a higher energy level. (These sensor elements are basically special-purpose transistors.) The more light that hits an element, the more electrons that get excited. This excitation can be sensed as a voltage by the rest of the element and read out to a processor on the same chip (or another chip). Alternatively, the excited electrons are collected and sent off the sensor array to a circuit that "counts" how much charge has been gathered by each element.
That would only get you a black and white image, though. In order to get color images, there are also a few techniques. The most common is to make the light pass through a [filter that has red, green and blue areas before it gets to the sensor elements](_URL_0_). So each of the sensor elements only "sees" light of one color. Another method is to stack 3 sensor elements on top of each other along with color filters. A third way is to use a prism to split the light from the image in to its different colors and use 3 separate sets of sensors to detect each of the primary colors. The data from all 3 sets of sensors is then combined by another chip.
You now have essentially converted the brightness/color of the incoming light into a set of numbers that represents the image. That image file is stored on a memory chip in the camera. It can then be sent out to a device connected to the camera in "RAW" format, or it can first be converted to some other format such as JPEG, with or without being compressed first (to make the file size smaller).
Now that you have the image represented as a set of colors/brightnesses (in the form of a bunch of numbers), you can reverse the process. You send the image file to a screen of some sort and have it display those colors/brightnesses in a rectangular pattern with the same width/height ratio as the original. It doesn't matter how big the screen is, as long as that "aspect ratio" is correct. You can then look at the screen, and you see the light pattern that was originally focused onto that image sensor chip. It's a puppy! | 90ec75e9-c6de-4bd3-b70d-543a4b48e206 |
7dmfef | What is a Banana Republic? How is it related to Bananas? | Banana republic can either be:
A fake republic, like the Nicaraguan republic in the late twentieth century. In this sense, banana is a connection to a centralized republic, like, int he hands of the few, in the case of Nicaragua, the hands of the banana business family. See the paradox?
Or you can be referring to the nation and not to the system. In this case, we can use the southern central American countries, or the northern south American countries to explain. Historically, the government of these countries was controlled by the owners of the banana farms, these families were friends with the United States. So it was like "we give you bananas, and you give us other stuff so we can control the masses". And there you have it, a fake republic, dominated by the banana families. And, of course, there were several other banana companies that wanted to be the most powerful ones, but let's not complicate it.
Here is an awesome video to explain it better and more organized: _URL_0_ | 5bc28e95-ede2-469f-8278-248b41cc3e95 |
37g0ev | What's stopping the Russians from crushing Ukraine like it did Hungary in 56'? | You have to look at the bigger picture on this one. Putin is concerned with the eastern expansion of NATO and the US' rocket shield around Russia's soft underbelly.
When the US announced in 2008 that they wanted to invite Ukraine to Nato, Lawrov said: "Njet means njet".
So it's important to analyse the conflict in order to understand Russia's goals here. They don't want to occupy all of Ukraine. They simply want a buffer between them and the advancing Nato which is at least neutral. I think this is the side of the story which isn't told by the western media. Russia is pursuing the interests of a super power in it's back yard. Nothing more and nothing less. The US don't tolerate left-wing democracies in their back yard either.
I think this whole conflict has nothing to do with Putin wanting to conquer all of Europe. He isn't the kind of stalinistic emperor from the 50s which we are told.
The rebels have Russian roots and don't like an anti-Russian gouvernement in Kiew. It's curious how we apply very dubious standards when we decide whether a group are "freedom fighters" or "terrorists".
As a hitory/politics student, I'm currently taking a course on the analysis of the conflict with a very good professor. One thing which needs to be analysed is the sniper incident which led to the overthrow, one day after Janukowitsch already signed his retreat and agreed to establish new elections. One day later, we are having this very aggressive pro-western interim gouvernement in charge, so there is reason to suspect that this was another US-backed overthrow. If this turns out to be true, then Crimea was just the 2nd move on the chessboard. We need to start with the overthrow, not the annexion.
Don't get me wrong, I'm not a Putin-lover. There is much to criticize about Russia. But upon analysing this conflict on a higer niveau, you inevitably come to similar conclusions.
If you think: "Well, the US might be a bit involved but the overthrow was basically freedom-loving Ukrainians" then you should check out Zbigniew Brzezinski or PNAC.
greetings | 6b71072a-b117-4498-aa37-957b54ac6d1b |
6mcp0i | How do tattoos stay in our skin even though we shed and peel away skin after sunburns? | Because we only shed and peel the upper layer of skin. The tattoo is a few layers deeper in and fairly well protected from peeling and shedding and loss of skin. | 99d5ec34-ff39-47c3-9823-6fd3fbac4b73 |
3cm7bf | Why is Alcohol aged in Barrels? | As far as Bourbon... The whiskey expands and contracts into the wood as it ages and with seasonal changes. This mellows the whiskey and imparts the oak flavor. The longer it ages the more mellow the flavor. This process creates longer molecular chains which aid in a better flavor. I drank some 23 year old bourbon yesterday... that was so incredibly smooth as opposed to a 5 year whiskey that is very rough. | 8bcbbd0b-30cc-49bf-a8f9-18dbedd88d82 |
3fl5i0 | How is it that we've managed to make so many diverse variations of dogs, and would we be able to do this with any other animal on the same scale? | Dogs (and closely related animals like wolves) have a really weird and seemingly unique thing called a ["Slippery genome."](_URL_0_) We haven't discovered any other animals that have this yet, but it really helps in dog breeding.
Dogs basically have backup genes that allow them to survive mutation much better than most animals. For example, if we bred lots of dogs with stubby legs together, we can produce some relatively healthy, stubby legged dogs. However, if we breed lots of stubby legged cats together, they get real unhealthy real fast. We need to breed in normal cats or else there are just too many birth defects and the breed becomes a dead end. But then the cats lose the stubby legs we want.
We can come up with plenty of guesses as to why dogs have this "slippery genome" and other animals don't, but we haven't found any solid answers yet. | e1654f96-fbdd-4ead-9f3a-120ba3d5e269 |
3km5aj | How cats survive falls | When I was 5 our cat jumped off of our apartment terrace. It was explained to me that cats have 9 lives and when they fall from great distances they land on their feet, but lose a life.
We lived on 16th floor.
My parents said that each floor it past cost it a life, so by the time it reached the 7th floor it had used up all its 9 lives which is why it was splattered on the pavement below. | 6e7205ed-fd40-4b52-a73c-36b22e07efc6 |
3i1580 | What does the parental advisory label do and does it prevent a child from buying CDs with that logo? | The advisory label is voluntary. There is no law or regulation that requires a retailer to not sell to a minor. It was created as a response to gangster rap from the 90s entering the mainstream.
In contemporary times, I'm sure high school kids know more bad words than I do. And they probably know how to download whatever they want from sites I've never heard of.
_URL_0_ | 7c439354-4b95-482b-a83d-1c033a67c482 |
80h8ar | Why do hear an echo like sound when we place a glass on our ear even though the room is quiet ? | Seashell resonance.
The rushing sound that one hears is in fact the noise of the surrounding environment, resonating within the cavity of the shell. The same effect can be produced with any resonant cavity, such as an empty cup or even by simply cupping one's hand over one's ear. The similarity of the noise produced by the resonator to that of the oceans is due to the resemblance between ocean movements and airflow.
The resonator is simply attenuating some frequencies of the ambient noise in the environment, including air flowing within the resonator and sound originating within the human body itself, more than others.
The human ear picks up sounds made by the human body as well, including the sounds of blood flowing and muscles acting. These sounds are normally discarded by the brain; however, they become more obvious when louder external sounds are filtered out. This occlusion effect occurs with seashells, cups, or hands held over one's ears, and also with circumaural headphones, whose cups form a seal around the ear, raising the acoustic impedance to external sounds.[ | 995c5c5a-8290-4ec8-b6f8-b69ce0fc48d7 |
6p3v5y | Why do moths and other bugs like to crowd around light sources so much? | We think that moths use the moon/Sun for navigation. If you stand outside so that the moon is to your left, and walk keeping the moon to your left, you can keep a general heading.
Moths developed this ability long, long before ANYTHING at night shined brightly other than the moon. So it gets confused when it sees a light.
If you stand outside and keep a street light to your left, and then walk keeping it to your left, what happens is that you walk in circles around the light! That trick only works with the moon because it doesn't move as you walk around.
PLUS, bright light makes a moth think it's daytime, and daytime for a moth is a time to sit still and hide.
So the end result is that the moth thinks he's flying straight, but instead spirals around the light source. Once he gets close to it, he thinks it's daytime and tends to settle down until it's dark again. Hence moths circling lights and sticking around them for no good reason. | 7a7968aa-a3aa-49fb-9632-46856cb15d9f |
1nh4si | Why don't copyright laws affect China? | US copyright laws only really apply in the US.
International copyright laws apply worldwide, but only to the extent to which countries wish to enforce them within their borders. China isn't making it a priority, and there isn't much the rest of the world can do to force them. | a0ceb887-ac93-47b5-b26d-d2697322e521 |
2pn3g1 | why does my Apple IPhone require that I have at least 4.5 GB of storage available in order to update? | The files you download in the update must be decompressed before being permanently installed. A 500 MB download could easily decompress into a couple of gigabytes or more. | 5e97b7ca-8d3f-4a04-9131-db826a094e83 |
1pnj4i | Why is there such a small amount of steam games for mac? | It takes effort to build the game for the mac. Not as much effort as building it from scratch, but it does take a significant investment. It can also be different enough that you may want a specific team just for the mac work. For many companies that extra effort isn't worth the cost given the relatively small amount of mac gamers. Mac gamers are also often willing to either buy a gaming pc on top of their mac, or run windows on their mac via bootcamp. As such there is even less people who won't buy your game unless it has a mac version. | 56fbb235-eaac-4b3e-90b0-4c62c4efba98 |
5ewps9 | How does the 'auto' function on car lights work? | A simple photosensitive detector can measure light levels. It's about outside ambient light, not light from oncoming cars. Even if light from oncoming cars hits the sensor, it is overall much less bright than full sunlight. Moreover, there can be multiple light sensors placed in different points around the car, and their signal can be averaged out, so one sensor being flooded with strong light will not trick the car's system into thinking it's suddenly sunlight. Still, sunlight is many times stronger than headlights. If you don't believe this, just turn on your headlights in the middle of a sunny day. Do you see any extra illumination on the surfaces in front of the car? You won't, because sunlight is so strong that the measly additional light from those headlights counts for nothing next to it.
Indeed, the brightness difference between sunlight and most conventional manmade light sources is enormous. You just can't tell because your eyes have a very high dynamic range, and because it's habitual. For instance, you might think that turning on all the lights inside your house at night makes it as bright as during the day, but in fact the light level of indoor lighting is much darker than sunlight. If you try it with a camera with fixed exposure, adjusted for sunlight, when you take it into indoor lighting the picture will probably look pitch black.
As for the windscreen wipers, there are many ways to do it, but typically there's an optical module behind the windscreen (ex. in the central rearview mirror). When the windscreen gets wet, it reflects light differently, and the sensor detects this. To work, this sensor also needs to emit light (that would get reflected by the windscreen), and this is infrared light so that your eyes don't see it. | bae43513-163a-4017-bded-77e2258c73a5 |
3iqd7q | Why does everyone hate flash so much? Why is everyone trying to get it blocked everywhere? | Flash is a system where web designers can do things on a webpage that is not usually possible through html. It can play video, connect to servers, read and write to the operating system files, and more.
Unfortunately, to achieve all of these features, flash had to give its programs increased access to the operating system. Flash tried to protect the operating system by creating a 'sandbox' - forced limitations of how the flash programs can use the operating system, but Flash has failed to keep its programs in the sandbox in many, many cases.
So now a programmer could use one of these holes in the sandbox to install viruses, steal data, control the web browser, and other bad activities. Flash tries to block the holes, but new ones keep popping up. The public has lost trust in Flash, and now there are efforts to remove it completely from the web to better protect all of us users.
Additionally, advertisers were able to use Flash to to make the web annoying. Advertisements would make noise, flash, play video, and talk. Compared to the pages, the flash advertisements were large and could slow down the computer. So now you are trying to read the news, and right in the middle of the article are 3 monkeys trying to dodge your mouse cursor, a car driving through a box, and bags of money enticing you to click on one. So in addition to the security issues, Flash became synonymous with advertising, attracting even more hatred. | dfaebf15-b598-4f2a-952d-f345d34953f8 |
wn3vc | How do I use a semicolon? | Basically you use them to replace transitional phrases like: "such as," "and so," "hence," or "that is to say." | e0f24924-cf6e-4bfd-9b78-ededeffd72ad |
1kvd3f | Where did the stereotypical image of the Halloween witch come from? | The idea of witches riding brooms is hundreds of years old. Otherwise, witches in history were depicted as regular looking women (or realistically ugly women, not mnosters).
The green skin, long pointy nose, and regular witches hat come from ~~Dorothy~~ Margaret Hamilton as the Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz (1939).
Prior to that film, the Wicked Witch of the West was short, squat, one-eyed and had a big bulbous nose and a either an extremely tall pointy cap covered in decorations (the book's illustrations) or a floppy Papa Smurf stocking cap (The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910)). | e706bad5-4e67-44d0-b651-5916ad88774f |
4ig7oo | Why aren't can't people remember distinct memories from their childhood? | Human memory is actually a very flawed system.
We have forget lots of things - most of our sensory input is almost immediately dumped and we retain a very small fraction of what we perceive.
Also, memory is highly fluid. The current understanding of memory is that memories are re-experienced and recreated every time we recall them. Memories, even those in which we are very confident, change over time and drift farther and farther away from what actually happened.
So yes, we have the issue of general flaws in human memory combined with the fact that much of our very early life ends up being irrelevant to our adult lives. On top of that, brains aren't fully developed until later in life. So not only are the memory systems you have in place now deeply flawed, but they weren't even fully operational back when you were a toddler.
Source: BS Neuroscience. | b02891be-4fb5-460d-8395-be799166b4da |
3rkvnb | The "jet fuel can't melt steel beams" conspiracy, it's plausibility, and scientific evidence related to the conspiracy. | Jet fuel burns from 800° to 1500°F, not hot enough to melt steel at 2750°. However, for the towers to give way, their steel frames didn't need to melt, they just had to lose some of their structural strength, which was entirely possible. Hope that clears that up a bit for you. | 33c309ea-e512-4998-80cc-2003a9b6acf9 |
1bd26z | Why don't we use anesthetic before getting piercings and tattoos? | Because administration of anesthesia is a potentially deadly activity requiring generally a much higher level of training and credentials (and is therefore really expensive) then administering a tramp stamp. | d478b2e6-9f8e-455a-906f-3364d1b3352c |
3z5zp4 | Where do the rocks around the perimeter of lakes come from? | I suspect the reason is that:
Rocks around the lake are those we see laying on the soil's surface or partially in-bedded, being as water from rain, melting snow, the natural level of the lake water rising and receding, washes the surrounding soil into the lake leaving the heavier rocks visible.
Take a flat area of land not far from the lake, the rocks are there, too. But still under the soil from not being subjected to the water erosion that leaves them nearer the surface when closer to the lake. | ddecb179-7fd2-4c40-b6eb-212b915248d9 |
7b83qs | Why does cleaning our tongue (I.E When brushing our teeth) make our breath smell better? | Because your tongue is home to tons of bacteria that cause bad breath. Brushing your tongue removes them. | 21f7f04c-93ff-4fdb-ba5f-47d58117089f |
2ry6cr | how do satnav routing algorithms work? | [This animation](_URL_0_) shows the basic way it works, using something called "Dijkstra's Algorithm".
In this algorithm, junctions or intersections are called "nodes". Paths between nodes are assigned a "cost" - the cost might represent the distance, or the journey time.
In the animation, we are trying to find the best route from A to B.
From A, we look at the cost of getting to each node joined to A.
Then, from each of these nodes, we look at the total cost of getting to the next node. When we do this, we check whether we've already found other ways of getting to the same node which cost less. When we find a node, whose onward nodes *all* have less costly ways of reaching them, we disregard that node.
Then we repeat this until we've disregarded all routes to B except one. | 56deb44e-0810-4388-b417-3d7e97bd647f |
405yqy | Why do new games sold digitally on steam cost as much as physical disks for consoles? | Not sure but... steam library usually doesnt scratch, can be re-downloaded to a new hdd on a new pc, game is usually full of more goodies/customizable than a console disk blah blah. Also disks are obsolete. I dont even have an optical drive and the only time I would have ever really needed one was installing drivers, which a wired connection got me all groovy for. I guess if you got dat crysis 1 or oblivion on disk...but really they want money too. I havent actually seen a newerish, even, game on disk for years. It is a very valid question but in my opinion I would rather pay the same price for a superior product in comparison to the console version even though I dont retain a physical copy. Unless I accidentally format my hdd afyer moving to the Yukon territory | 9b2564bf-a5a3-4c9a-9164-10ad6132b6be |
qo6n5 | ELIP: Physics terms | Speed: how fast you are going
Velocity: Your speed and direction. (if you move backwards, your speed may be the same, but your velocity is negative)
Acceleration: Your change in velocity as time changes. It can be the result of your speed changing (speeding up or slowing down) or it can be because of a change in direction (like going in circles, your speed can be constant, but your direction is always changing so your velocity is changing)
Mass: Think of this as measure of how much you resist acceleration. How hard is it to change your speed or change the direction of your motion.
Weight: This is force that results from your mass being accelerated in a gravitational field. The more gravity you feel, the more you weigh. For instance, on the Moon, the gravity is only about 1/6 the gravity of the Earth, so you only weigh about 1/6 of what you weigh on Earth. That means if you weight 60 lbs now, on the Moon you will only weigh 10 lbs, about as much as a small dog.
Distance: A measure between two points in space.
Displacement: A change in measurement that usually refers to either distance (linear displacement) or it might be a measure of volume. (how much water does this object displace). | 741cdadb-06d8-4086-a187-6fa7298f2797 |
34sa7i | Why can I always see the moon? During the day, why can I still see it, though slightly faded? | Because it's there.
The moon is a big ball of rock and dust about a quarter of a million miles above us. At night, the part that the sun shines on is easily visible to us, but the rest of the moon is still there. During the day it gets just as much light as Earth, and is quite reflective, so it's bright enough to be seen during the day. | 5247a78d-4cf3-42e1-8155-c21c14115bfe |
92e4hy | Why are "weeds" more fertile than other plants? | This is essentially *why* we classify them as weeds. The defining trait of weeds is "they grow where we don't want them to" and fairly typically this involves invasive growth, tolerance for disturbed earth, and rapid spread/growth. In other words, "they show up where we're doing yard work, and won't go away"
Biologically, the plants we call weeds aren't necessarily all that closely related, they just share traits a particular population finds annoying. So the mechanisms for how, and even the environments they prosper in, can vary widely.
Beyond that, many of the plants we *do* want, we are growing outside of their natural environment. We choose them for ornamentation, not suitability. So they may require specialized care and be relatively incapable of spreading in the garden, even though they could spread all over the place they call "Home." | 4a8a69b6-9b2c-4955-b4bb-94c9577679b5 |
4rf2d7 | Pointers in C++, how to use them and why we need them | It's a pointer to a memory location. If you have a massive data structure then it's more efficient to pass a pointer which just points to a memory location than it is to pass it as a variable that will duplicate the data structure. | c3fd3fec-29d2-4928-8400-3b133b8cb9bd |
6s1coo | Where did the bacteria in our mouths come from? | Your fingers, straws, cups, forks, spoons, the air, the food you put in your mouth has bacteria on it (think eating a piece of bread,) your toothbrush has bacteria all over it.
Bacteria are extremely numerous and extremely common. Brushing your teeth doesn't eliminate all of them, cooking your food doesn't eliminate all of them. They're a fact of nature, good or bad, and you do need them to survive. Your body is covered in them, inside and out. | ed26e6b4-43a6-477a-86f3-d786350dad20 |
1smte0 | does every living creature feel pain? | No, many animals lack the nervous system requirements to feel pain as we would understand it. Plants are totally out of the running and bacteria are just single cells. | cde8dfd0-f68f-4de8-a3a3-c18dcdc04a2c |
3kcpir | how much power does the Queen of England really have? | The first thing to remember is there no black and white period in time where the monarch simply stopped having "real" power. The British monarchy is entirely the result of literally more than a millennium of political evolution. There were, however, important steps to turning the monarchy from one of real power to the ceremonial institution it is today. It started as early as the Magna Carta of 1216, which basically stated that the monarch was ruling not on his own accord, but by the consent of the barons. (Today, this is understood as "by the consent of the subjects.") You also had the establishment of Parliament, the Reform Act of 1832, among many others, probably too many to list. All of these acts and precedents gradually turned the monarchy into what it is today.
But another important thing to remember is other than Charles I, who believed in the divine rule of kings, there really has never been any period of time where a British monarch ruled completely on their own and without consequence. There were always advisers, councils and certain rules that the monarch had to honor in order to rule without dispute.
I'm probably getting a little off-topic, but the idea I'm trying to raise here is that Elizabeth's power, in theory, is quite vast, but in practice, she would never be allowed to actually rule in the way you've suggested: change laws on a whim, sentence someone to death, etc. Her formal duties today generally consist of opening and closing sessions of Parliament, being an ambassador/representative of the UK, that sort of thing. Her effective political neutrality is both personal choice but also custom... Any modern day monarch who seriously tried to interfere would almost assuredly be forced into abdication.
The times of when monarchs actually could sentence people to death or almost single-handedly issue laws almost assuredly died out after Charles I was executed, and the UK (which didn't formally exist until 1701), entered the period known as the Interregnum. Parliament did not take kindly to the idea of a monarch being above the laws of the land, and every monarch after that period in time saw any real power heavily curtailed. | b025ead4-9235-46bc-b5f9-21f1061f2f5b |
5f5d04 | Why do neo-Nazis exist outside of Germany if they're not part of the Aryan race? | What do you mean by "the Aryan race"? The original Nazis took that phrase because, at the time, it was (wrongly) believed that most of the languages in Europe came from a region of Persia that was home to the actual Aryans. The Nazis then simply claimed there was an "Aryan race", and that it was the "original" European race and therefore the "master race", and that the pure "Aryans" were the Germans and Nordic peoples.
The point is that there is no such thing as an "Aryan race", but for many people it simply meant either "German" or "north European" or "white". (Incidentally, if you use "Caucasian" to mean "white", that's wrong also, for very much the same reason: real Caucasians are very much darker than the average European.) Because the concept was a pure invention, it could mean whatever you wanted it to mean.
Another point is that not all people we call "Nazis" are the same. These days we think of "Nazi" as being a general term to describe a particularly nasty sort of racist, but technically speaking a Nazi is a member of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (which no longer exists). Not all neo-Nazis agree with absolutely everything the Nazi Party believed in.
For example, the original Nazis were "völkisch", meaning they were particularly fascinated by Germanic folklore -- this is why Wagner was such a favourite of Hitler's, as he wrote entire operas based on pre-Christian German sagas -- and wove that into their ideology.
Movements like the "Alt-right" movement are technically not actually Nazi, but we use "neo-Nazi" to mean "modern movement that looks horribly like Nazism". They don't have to sign up to everything the Nazis believed, they just have to have an ideology based heavily on white nationalism or white supremecy. For American white nationalists, this means broadening the concept of the "master race" to all whites, or at least all people of European descent. | 8a612441-67cc-48b6-9ccc-12c0ffb40998 |
3zs3ks | Why do Atomic Bombs make a "Mushroom" shaped cloud when they detonate? | Hot air rises. When there is a large enough source of heat, it creates a column of hot air that is much hotter in the center than on the edges. The center of the column rises faster, causing the air around the edges to curl and create the mushroom shape. Then, with a big enough explosion the air eventually reaches the point in the atmosphere where the hot air isn't any less dense than the surrounding air, and it stops rising and instead spreads out, forming the cap of the mushroom. | 68267608-9ef2-46c3-8a3b-db9ee3c2de81 |
4669j7 | Why do hackers feel the need to release private information to the public like officals' names and addresses? What do they gain from this? | The same thing that kid in middle school got out of making fun of your shoes and squirting ketchup on them. Publicity and embarrassment. Bullies thrive off of the reaction they get out of it, my assumption is thats what pointless hackers get out of pointless hacking. | 789bcaac-e158-48d1-948d-7333135eb015 |
1ce1vd | How Can Viewers Be Influenced by Unrealistic Standards of Beauty in the Media, but Not By Violence in the Media? | It's a good question, and I think it really has to do with attitude more than anything else. And attitude is important.
It's entirely possible (even likely) that video games do influence people, but not necessarily in the ways you hear about in the media. The typical claim about video games, for example, is that they condition people to commit violent acts, or they make people more prone to engage in violence.
And that's pretty absurd because millions upon millions of people play violent games and watch violent movies/TV without committing violent acts. That's what people get up in arms, so to speak, about.
But that doesn't mean people aren't being influenced in any way. It's entirely plausible that people are being desensitized to the sight of violence, and that this changes the way they think about violence in the world.
I was in high school when the Iraq war started, and I remember that kids wanted to watch the coverage on the news so they could see the bombs dropping on Baghdad. And it was this almost pretty kind of green night-vision view, with these glowing lights that were rockets and explosions.
But really, what we were watching was lots of people dying horrible, fiery deaths. But it was hard to register it as that, and there's an argument to be made that we had already been desensitized to what we were seeing, and a barrier had been placed between us and the images.
And that's dangerous because we're engaging in these drone attacks with what we see as a faceless enemy. I could believe that decades of violent movies/games/TV has changed the way we see this kind of violence in the world. It doesn't mean we necessarily support something like drone attacks, but it can still change the way we understand them. It changes the way we assess that kind of violence.
When you take something like ideals of beauty, it's a similar thing: we're being bombarded with literally impossible (thanks to Photoshop) or unreasonable standards of beauty and it changes the way we perceive beauty, both in others and in ourselves. And once this understanding of beauty has been changed, everything related to beauty is affected.
So our expectations change, and then our attitudes change, too. Women (and men, too, definitely) see a cultural standard of beauty that tells them to look a certain way that may be unhealthy or impossible. And they might judge other people harshly for not living up to these standards, making it that much harder for people to be comfortable with themselves.
So with both beauty and violence, we end up understanding things to be different from how they may actually be: we don't see realistic images of beauty, and we don't see realistic images of violence. And in both cases, it goes deeper than putting on makeup or shooting a gun, because what it really hurts is how we assess these actions.
Other people may interpret it differently, but this is how I've come to reconcile the two. And I think about it a lot, because I think I'm affected by both a lot more than I'd like to admit.
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EDIT: Woah, I was away from my computer all day and I wasn't expecting this reaction. Thanks for the gold, I really appreciate it.
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EDIT2: A lot of people have brought up the real vs. fictional violence issue, and especially given the horrible violence in Boston, it's a valid point. I'm not trying to argue that we're desensitized to actual killing. We're not being turned into psychopaths. Yes, people used to go to public executions, but it's the context that really matters. Action movies tell compelling narratives in which most violence is thrilling, unless someone on your side is hurt. And a public execution frames death as justice.
But when random people are hurt or killed (and I just heard the news about Boston, so I'm still coming to terms with the insanity of the situation), it's a different context. I'm not an expert on media and sociology, but what I was trying to get at is that being exposed to violence in a positive light *must* be changing the way we consider and reflect on violence.
When Rambo shoots a bunch of guys in a rice paddy, we cheer, and we're not considering that a bunch of people who had childhood crushes, who had decades' worth of dreams, and lovers, and family drama - that a whole bunch of life stories just ended. It's a bunch of bad guys dying. And when drones take out families in Pakistan, people say "it was necessary because they were bad people," but it was *an entire family's narrative ending in a moment* because we thought they deserved it for associating with terrorists. And I'm not trying to make a point about drone strikes - but I do think that there's a *separation*, as named_theorem put it, between what's happening and how we see it (and consider it).
You could make an argument that it's not new and that it's something that always manifests in some way or another, as an aspect of human nature, but it's still worth considering how we, as a culture, learn to see violence the way we do. | f3c5b023-0e04-4f72-ae91-9481d0a81f1f |
2b0hfg | I currently have a cold, and have a runny nose. Why is it that when I snort really hard and my nasal cavity seems to get "tight" that i feel that release of air shortly after? | I know exactly what you're talking about, like your nose pressurises then slowly deflates.
Waiting for a good answer :) | 83d629e2-dc5a-4762-93b4-ea63140678d2 |
mp08s | Why fog lights are able to cut through fog while brights only light up the fog more. | Fog lights are closer to the ground and are aimed slightly downward, so that only the fog very close to the road's surface reflects light back. High beams are high and have a wide beam that sends light upward, so that instead of just a thin layer of fog between you and the road being lit up just about everything in front of your car is. | e4d12053-22e4-456e-bcf6-3cf59aee79ca |
2ikuwk | What is turbulence? And how do airplane pilots sometimes know when they are about to hit turbulence? | Pilot here...Pilot reports are really the best way to know when it will be bumpy. One plane 100 miles ahead will report turbulence at a certain altitude to ATC and then they will relay the message to other planes. Those other planes can then decide if they want to deviate course or altitude...Also just don't fly into those big puffy white clouds, they are bumpy. | f6215886-8e5b-4c38-8f85-5cd8b897536e |
3xdwvc | What's the difference between RealD 3D & IMAX 3D? | IMAX uses a different polarization technique (linear vs circular). RealD 3D can tolerate a lot more head movement, while with IMAX 3D you pretty much have to keep your head focused on the screen, but can work even when sitting at an extreme angle, RealD 3D has a more noticeable sweetspot (so the 3D effect degrades more easily).
RealD 3D is shown on a single 2K projector or a single 4K projector, with the projector alternating at 144fps (each eye is shown a single frame 3x). IMAX 3D (and 2D) use dual 2K projectors, which gives you much brighter picture (a main complaint with RealD 3D). IMAX also has their new dual 4K laser projection which is their renovated 70mm IMAX theaters, only a handful exist currently (such as the famous Chinese TCL theater in Hollywood) but over 70 around the world are confirmed to switch in the near future.
IMAX 3D is also more "3D" meaning the separation between the front and back of the screen is more noticeable (partially due to the curvature of the screens, the curvature of regular theaters is less). The IMAX Corporation analyzes all 3D movies they are set to screen to make sure everything looks good. | 0fb0ebb1-e8e7-4ac8-b58a-df15fad05cd9 |
1ta6gj | how do your eyes get dilated? | How: A little muscle called the iris dilator constricts and relaxes according to stimuli, to let more or less light in as needed. Good info here: _URL_0_. Sometimes your optometrist will use drops to see inside better. Drugs and trauma (concussion) can also make one or both eyes dilate improperly.
Fun fact: Women used to put drops of foxglove in their eyes to make themselves more attractive. When you're excited, your pupils will dilate. ;) | 2fa15dc7-a5b0-49e0-9ef3-2e07bacab90e |
5jq0e5 | What is the difference between Shia and Sunni branches of Islam | It started after Muhammed died and there was a power struggle over who would be caliph. Basically that's where everything went to hell. Sunnis believe that Abu Bakr, the father of Muhammad's wife Aisha, was Muhammad's rightful successor.
Shias believe that Muhammad divinely ordained his cousin and son-in-law Ali Ibn Abi Talib (the father of his grandsons Hasan ibn Ali and Hussein ibn Ali) in accordance with the command of Allah to be the next caliph, making Ali and his direct descendants Muhammad's successors.
Shia theology discounts the legitimacy of the first three caliphs and believes that Ali is the second-most divinely inspired man (after Muhammad) and that he and his descendants by Fatimah, the Imams, are the sole legitimate Islamic leaders.
The Imamate of the Shia encompasses far more of a prophetic function than the Caliphate of the Sunnis. Unlike Sunni, Shias believe special spiritual qualities have been granted not only to Muhammad but also to Ali and the other Imams. | bce2fa07-7fee-4b91-a575-8136db8a7df0 |
1zpa2u | How can any drug cost $360,000 a year for a patient. | When a pharmaceutical company creates and patents a new drug, they can charge as much as they want for it, since no one else is able to sell or produce it without their consent. The reason this doesn't completely prevent people from accessing the drug is because their health insurance providers often pay for it. On top of making a profit, the pharmaceutical companies use the money to research and develop new drugs and to cover the costs of other drugs that didn't make it to the market. | 9b05fa48-acbf-489f-a077-6a0ddf5e0511 |
408ye4 | Why are some foods high in sodium but they don't taste particularly salty? | Not all sodium is in the form of salt (sodium chloride). Baking soda, for example, doesn't taste nearly as salty as the same amount as salt. MSG has sodium and isn't salty (though it's generally used in small quantities). Also, other tastes, especially sweetness, can hide the taste of salt. | c8a45f4e-466f-4111-aeac-059fbd09e14c |
xg65o | How is the curiosity rover different than the mars rover? | NASA has successfully landed three rovers on Mars. You can [see the differences here](_URL_0_).
The Curiosity rover has 10 times the mass of scientific instruments than the Spirit or Opportunity rovers.
It will be much better at studying the climate and geology of Mars, and better at determining whether there is/was life there.
Basically, it is much bigger and can do a ton of stuff that the previous rovers couldn't do. | b249f290-ab76-42e0-beb6-16b0fc9d10c0 |
2mqfw8 | Are there any differences between Prison Labor and Slave Labor and should we worry about the future of privately owned prisons? I know Slavery is not entirely illegal according to the 13th Amendment. So it's kinda scary to imagine what could happen, am I worrying for no reason? | > ... should we worry about the future of privately owned prisons?
I don't think you need to worry about the future, privately owned prisons are a concern **today**.
Instead of working solely to rehabilitate inmates, the prison industrial complex is very involved in lobbying government to influence laws to the benefit of their profits, not the general population. | dcddbca5-a36f-4356-a7ab-07f4b4ed16a0 |
1jvskp | What do people get out of being cuckolded/humiliated? | I've been into cuckold fantasies for a couple years. I finally told my gf about it, and a few nights ago she slept with another guy. I was really worried that it was just a fantasy, and that afterwards I would feel jealous, disgusted, or angry. But I didn't. She sent me pictures of them together, and looking at them, I just felt extremely aroused and excited.
It wasn't something she was doing for me- once she found out I was okay with her sleeping with other guys, she ran with it. She wanted it. The biggest turn on for me was that it was such a huge turn on for her. I love thinking of her as this insatiable sexual being. In a traditional relationship, I'd put boundaries on that, try and limit her expression of that. In this type of relationship, I get to encourage her and share that experience with her. It's incredibly intimate and vulnerable. | e3eaaded-3993-4e06-b86b-b3744c0e6bc8 |
klnen | why when I eat spicy food my poop turns into water. | Turning poop into water was one of Jesus' less popular miracles. | 3bd72d45-8f30-4dc9-8e66-b1e3f60ee02c |
20sn51 | Where does the money dissappear in a financial crisis like the one in 2008? | I believe it was never there. It was money 'shown' on shares of all the worlds companies. As soon as the confidence goes, the share price falls and therefore even with the same amount of shares the value is lost if no one is willing to pay for them. | 8a26931b-f12c-418a-ad9a-cac5f2ff2fcc |
ugx9g | Tipping in the US. | It's a cycle. Tipping may have originated because wages were low, or customers were being generous. From there however, wages were cut because employers realized that servers were making more for tips. Then there was more pressure to tip, so more people did, and then wages were cut further, etc.
No one (except maybe non-Americans) minds the system. Food prices tend to be a bit cheaper, so you end up paying about the same in the end. And, since the vast majority of the server's salary is based on tips, service tends to be very good. Obviously there are exceptions, but on the whole it's not so bad.
Very good servers at expensive restaurants can make a lot of money, and this money is often shared with the busboys, the cooks, and whoever else. | 17adc90d-4849-4cb1-aeaf-397790fa1935 |
3gbnc8 | why do we have recurring dreams. What makes our brain think those things over and over again? Also what makes us think of things in dreams? | Ok. This is going to sound a bit strange, but you can trust what I say around 70% of the time. Ok, here we go:
There's a structure in your brain called the hypocampus. Its job is to collect your audio and visual senses and relay them to your higher brain for processing. Much like many businesses have a department dedicated to collecting and organising data for the higher ups to analyse. When you fall asleep, most of the input to your hypocampus from your eyes and ears is shut off. So your hypocampus is only receiving a fraction of the information it was receiving before. What it does now is quite strange.
Your hypocampus, much like the data collection department in a large company would do, simply makes it up. In order to keep the nerve pathways healthy and active, it fires messages off into the higher centers semi-randomly. The reason I say semi-randomly is because these messages can sometimes be affected by the upper brain, or other parts of the brain and spinal chord while you sleep. Ever wonder why when you really need to pee while you're sleeping you sometimes have a pee dream that wakes you up and makes you run to a toilet? That's an area of your lower brain that would normally send the "I need to pee" message to the higher brain to make you think about it. Except while you're asleep it gets jumbled up with a lot of the random stuff.
Now, recurring dreams are a bit different. That could probably only be explained by imprinting or overactivity of the higher brain during sleep (due to sleep apnea or some other sleep disorder). So basically, your higher brain (which is you and your consciousness) is stressing something. Like "fuck that was embarrassing", or "that bastard killed my parents in an alley behind a theatre", and the messages from your hypocampus jumble it a bit and it gets accidently saved as a memory.
Hope this helped! | fd80b230-962b-480f-8d20-f723a6afeed2 |
1jafje | The difference between OOP, Top-Down programming, and bottom-up programming. | [This is bottom up programming.](_URL_3_) The first sentence says it all.
[This is top down programming.](_URL_0_) Again, the first sentence says it all.
[Object Oriented Programming](_URL_1_) is a concept of encapsulating tuples of data as "objects" as a type and associating them with behaviors relating to those types.
It takes a bit of description for it to make sense, so read the Wikipedia and look at the examples. In a practical sense, you express a bunch of variables and assign them a type name.
For example, you have wheels, doors, and an engine, and call it a car. This is distinct from wheels, doors, and an engine and calling it a plane. Yes, they have all the same parts, but that does not make them the same thing. The distinction is important.
And now that you have a type, you can instance variables of that type. "car A; car B;" for example.
You don't act upon the collection of variables, you act upon the object. You don't "A.door = open;", you write functions (behaviors) that know how to do it - "open_door(car c) { c.door = open; }"
This just barely scrapes the surface; it doesn't describe *why* you would want to do this, or how it's helpful, but that's because I didn't introduce you to polymorphism. There's so much more, but it's an academic exercise. Start with the Wikipedia article, if you're interested.
And if you're studying C++, you'll eventually want to [read this](_URL_2_). Long story short, if you don't have to make that function or variable a member of a class, don't. If this doesn't make sense, it will. If you're not using C++, then ignore this paragraph entirely; other languages will be very different. | ab12b1d8-6068-40e8-80c9-e71f3ce41a34 |
5h1wvo | Why is healthcare in the US so connected to religion? | One of the inherent values of Christianity (and one that is not practiced that well, imo) is taking care of the sick and the infirm. Providing medical care is a natural outgrowth of this belief.
It is my understanding that medicine was not always the respected career field it is now. It was once sort of looked down upon because you spent your time around sick people, and were much more likely to get sick yourself. It took real selflessness--the sort that would be found in joining a religious order (please, no jokes about pedophilia), to help sick people. So, many hospitals were started by religious groups. | 2a9d112e-06d6-4f7b-9059-5954ef693d56 |
4j72tf | Can lakes that are dead zones be "un-dead zoned" or purified | Possibly.
The problem is the absence of adequate oxygen, but the underlying cause can be different. For instance the most common cause is the increase in phosphorus allowing the bacteria that feeds on it growing at a faster rate, and they eat up the oxygen.
So we could find something to destroy the bacteria in large quantities. Radiation might work.
We could possibly find something else that eats the phosphorus but doesn't consume the oxygen. At which point it is a race between the two phosphorus eating things to see which outlasts the other.
In the oceans either solution is difficult to do because of tides, the sheer size, ocean currents and a number of other factors. Lakes are a little easier because it is a more enclosed environment. Also there can be unintended consequences of either solution.
However all of this is theoretical, we don't have a good solution as of yet. | 012827d2-29f2-4ec1-9e04-c4c0e8b3c36b |
5d1mpg | How does a gentle rocking motion help send people to sleep? | Because it reminds then of being in the woumb. Same reason that white noise lulls people to sleep. | 7e6e8a59-dbb7-45ae-90c6-644cfe034245 |
56rgj4 | How does Google or _URL_0_ still know my real IP address when I'm using a VPN? | They shouldn't be able to do that.
But, as [this page on the whatismyipaddress website](_URL_0_) describes, it may be that the real IP address is being "leaked". The leak is using something called "WebRTC", which can be tricked into finding your real IP address and sending it to the server.
The page also describes how to prevent this happening in several major browsers, if it's something you're worried about. | a851d3b7-7a20-4622-9b21-a8d4fdf0c484 |
34xup4 | Why does human hair grow for so long that it has to be cut while the hair on chimpanzees or cats for instance just stop at a certain point? | I think that's because they have fur/body hair rather than hair. Poodles, for example, have hair and they need regular haircuts, i believe.
I don't really know why the body hair/fur doesn't grow, probably just falls out before it gets too long... whereas the hair on our head doesn't do the same or had a longer life. | 74e4ee3c-8e27-48ec-a633-c27a2480d09e |
6e5yt0 | Why do minor illnesses like a head cold take the body sometimes weeks to get rid of, whereas Gastroenteritis or Influenza can take a day or two? | Different viruses/bacteria have different durations before our immune system can eradicate the pathogen. Also, in areas like the sinuses, inflammation from allergies or viral infections can predispose the tight areas to subsequent bacterial overgrowth/infection due to lack of ability to drain properly. | a3d70b3d-d405-41a2-ab12-0063eccf4b84 |
2jxlpr | Why when I think about actually breathing do i find myself having to breathe "manually" until I forget about it? | Breathing is an act that is based in an involuntary part of the brain but a portion has become voluntary (because it's used in speech). Two different brain circuits can control it, therefore it seems necessary at times and completely automatic at other times.
Edit:typos, typos, typos | 35300e36-1a72-4e14-9e03-4124c63bf1c2 |
1958vb | Why programs spend so much time shutting down/closing? Especially when I can force quit or even pull the plug without causing problems | > Also, I'm pretty advanced with technology as I've done a lot of computer programming and keep up to date with a lot of tech stuff so you don't have to dumb it down TOO much
Given you're asking this question, you're not.
Anyway, short answer is that they're saving their state. On shutdown, they'll be writing out your documents (and any information to attempt to recover the files incase they break) and the settings such that they can be opened properly next time.
In addition, hard drives are **slow**. In order to try and hide the speed, the data isn't always written to disk when you hit save. The data may not even be read from the disk when you load. this is done by having a "cache" in memory of data that has been saved (writeback cache) and recently loaded (erm...just cache). By saving to the cache, your program seems faster, and then your operating system will write it back out in the background. Prefetch is also used to try and hide this. This is where your operating system realises you've fetched a lot of data that is in a row, so also loads the rest into the cache just incase you need it. This cache is typically disabled for little USB sticks, which is why you can just rip them out with no ill effects.
When your computer shuts down, it systematically closes all the programs and lets them do their cleanup. If they don't close in x seconds, they're just killed and marked as non-responding. The other problem is the cache. Recall that the data hasn't actually been written to disk; this time is then spent writing that data and ensuring that the hardware is in a good state. If you just pull the plug, the contents of that cache get lost, and, well, everything breaks. On top of this, your operating system is also writing out useful data that is required on next boot. | 6bbba3d1-9217-42e3-b561-a7b157aa8209 |
56y6jm | What actually happens when food or a drink "goes down the wrong pipe"? | I seem to be prone to this for some reason, I've never figured out why. I figured out years ago that when I feel this is about to happen (I can always get the sensation right before I start coughing) I just quickly bend over as if reaching for my toes. I can literally feel the liquid draining back up my throat and the problem is gone. I cannot stress how much this one weird trick has actually made my life better. It would happen so often, and I wouldn't feel right for a good 30 or so minutes after. Now I just bend over and I'm fine. However, I have the new problem of having to explain to people around me what I'm doing. | 1a50b6b6-56ff-4ceb-83c2-f9d3626eeae3 |
3o5ott | how can the majority of large animals eat so infrequently and such simple diets yet maintain such strength and mass? | They eat 5-7000 calories/day. That is a huge amount for a < 300 lb animal. Meat is very calorie dense and they eat a ton of it. | 17f143e7-3144-401a-86e1-c4284d0ddab4 |
1tgfy5 | How to claim unfair dismissal in the UK? | You can read about [employment tribunal](https://www._URL_0_/employment-tribunals) over at _URL_0_. If you scroll down there's a enquiry line you can call. | 4d16feed-a287-4209-93d2-b468d3c118a6 |
2050n7 | Why am I no longer hungry after being hungry for a long time? | You eat food and your stomach has stuff in it, then when it starts to be digested your body want to replenish the lost food in your stomach. After there is no more food your body adjusts to have little of no food and you wont get hungry for a little while. (this is a very simply explain answer there is a much more complicated scientific answer if you really want) | b4da57cf-122d-4587-8ac2-7f905610e51c |
2olxxe | How can it be that my singing Hallmark card has more technological power than Apollo 11? | This trope is accurate when discussing processing power, but not technological power. I'm not even sure how one would measure technological power. | c0f6314f-2bd1-45da-b378-7a1a1b5ac1bf |
513vqe | What is abstraction in computer science? | Computers do lots of really complex things, right? In order to make them simple for people to understand and work with, we provide *abstractions* of them.
Let's say we want to have a linked list of numbers. You could, every time you want to add an element to that list, allocate the memory, put the value in your new data structure, find the end of the list and then update that to point at your new element. You could, every time you want to access the *N*th item, loop through all the elements of that list until you've gone through *N* and then use that value.
This is not only a lot of typing, it's error prone & all that duplication makes it hard to modify your code if, for example, you wanted to replace your linked list with a more efficient skip list or something. What do you do?
You write some functions that give you an `add_element()` function and a `get_nth_element()` function. You can use these when working on a list *without caring how it works under the hood*. This leaves you free to use linked lists without massive code duplication, easily fix bugs or even change how it's implemented.
Providing that interface over a complex underlying implementation is an **abstraction**. Abstractions are everywhere. When you open a web page, you're not telling the computer how many volts to shoot across your ethernet cable, you're working on top of a bunch of layers of abstraction that give you a simplified way of doing a complex task. | 485f30d2-a968-4402-92ec-cb89cefcb7f4 |
262w9m | How is it that during the day I can see the moon and the sun, but on the opposite side of the earth it's night time and the moon is clearly visible? | If the moon is directly above you, the it will NOT be visible on the other side of the earth. It will be a dark, moonless night for them. If the moon is to your left, it will appear to the right in the sky of someone on the other side of the earth from you. The moon is high above the earth. Therefore visible to a large part of the earth simultaneously. | 138aaf88-69b7-4e86-b8be-33077a9d907c |
mkxyh | What's going on with the NBA? | Some NBA owners are terrible businessmen who negotiate contracts they can't afford to pay. The rest of the league can't tell them to fix it themselves, because as soon as they stop operating as a single entity they lose anti-trust protection. As a result, the league has to protect the mismanaged teams. They chose to lock out the players and try for a bigger slice of the pie.
The difference between the NBA and the NFL lockouts is that in the case of basketball, its now the second or third most popular sport in the world. This gives the players enormous leverage, as a majority of them can find work overseas. And remember, the players want to play, its the owners that locked the doors. That's why you don't see the players chomping at the bit to compromise. The lockout hurts the owners more than the players, and eventually they're going to need to generate revenue outside of jersey sales. | f748e2a1-c3d8-4a9f-aff3-aaee385511fa |
3rhojj | Why do people become more religious as they get older? | Statistics notwithstanding, you're generalizing. I'm in my 70s, never thought much about religion when I was young (because my folks were thoroughly secular and didn't care about religion), but as I've gotten older I've become more and more aware of the damage religious belief and doctrine does to people -- especially younger people who have been brainwashed. The older I get, the more ANTI-religious I become. | b84e7f25-7e9c-41a8-b378-c32183292bc7 |
4ia9vb | The concept of the trinity and Jesus his sacrifice. | > Christians believe that there is one god that is 3 different people in one?
Most do, in some way or other. You're right, it's highly illogical, but the Christian Church in its early years had the problem that the Bible talks of there being only one god, but it also seems to talk about Jesus and the Holy Spirit as if they were gods. One solution is to say that they're all part of the same entity, but different denominations have different ways of explaining how this works.
One example of this is what's known as the Filioque Controversy. Basically, this is an argument about whether the Holy Spirit comes from God the Father, or from both the Father and the Son ("filioque" is Latin for "and the son"). This argument got so bad, it was one of the things that caused a split in the Church in 1054, dividing it into the Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church.
> So god send down his son, who is his own father to commit suicide to forgive us for the sin he originally gave us?
Few Christians believe that God "gave us sin". Rather, the first humans rebelled against God by eating of the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. Of course, the obvious argument is that God did create the Garden of Eden and put the Tree of Knowledge in it; Christians don't interpret it that way, and instead point to the fact that the serpent set things in motion by *tricking* Adam and Eve into eating the fruit.
Again, there are different interpretations of this, and different Christians have different ways of looking at it.
> why is murder/suicide necessary for forgiveness?
This is in fact an easy question to deal with: in the 1st century, this part of the story actually made sense. The very first Christians were Jews, and in their religion at the time, the sacrificial cult was very much alive. Basically, if you did something wrong, you had to sacrifice something -- an animal, for serious offences. It was a sort of religious fine, but it was ritualized: the animal was slaughtered, and it was said that its blood was what was necessary for atonement.
For Jews who had grown up with that system, it makes sense that Jesus would be the ultimate sacrifice, one that would make all future sacrifices unnecessary. Most Christians believe that Jesus did this willingly, so it was a self-sacrifice, but that's another point that prompts debate. Since the Temple was destroyed not long after, and the sacrificial cult thus brought to an end, it would have been comforting for those early Christians to know that they could still be forgiven.
> If god is all powerful and he created this whole system anyways, couldn't he just forgive us without murdering his own son?
There's no good explanation for that one, of course. Yet again, different branches of Christianity have different ways of dealing with this question.
In the real world, it would have been a way for Jesus's followers to make sense of the fact that their rabbi, who they thought would be the Messiah who would lead a revolution to destroy the Romans and set up God's Kingdom, died.
In theological terms, one possible explanation is that it was necessary for the Messiah to conquer death itself, by first dying and then being raised back to life -- proof to us that even death is no match for God.
> I hope someone can explain this to me.
Difficult, considering that this has been the subject of debate and even splits in the Church for two thousand years. The greatest theological minds in history have attempted to explain all this, and none of them has convincingly succeeded. Either the whole thing is complete bunk; or it's too vastly complicated to be explicable, and you have to take the whole thing on faith. | 46e32cbc-5af6-438c-ad81-635dcf723e2b |
6c2qgn | Sleep? What is that? | Sleep is a metabolic process where your body is put at rest because your brain needs some time to cool off from all the information it had to process that day.
A good analogy is a not so perfect vehicle. Imagine a vehicle that can only be driven 2 hours at a time before it overheats. To be able to drive long distance, you would need to immobilize it so you can safely turn the engine off to let it cool down. When you stop, you have 2 choices, you either turn the engine off right away or you can just sit there and rev the engine up and down by playing with the accelerator, which will increase the amount of time to cool off.
Well, same thing for our brain, when we lay down , we are immobilizing ourselves but our brain might still be going. An irregular melatonin production is probably the main culprit as this chemical is needed to regulate sleep.
Melatonin production is affected by a lot of factors but 2 of them are the main culprit. Stress and Environment. Obviously, a stressed person will take longer to go to sleep but what about the environment. Well, It is now being acknowledged that looking at a bright light will reduce your chances of falling asleep fast. Cellphone, computer screens, TV screens wake us all up.
So if you want to fall asleep fast , try no to look at a screen or in the presence of bright lights 1 hour before going to bed.
TLDR: get off reddit 1 hour before bedtime. | 36804cd0-7908-4f29-96dc-66087bce26ec |
7n27mn | When nuclear bombs are tested over water, what happens under the water's surface? | The water's surface is vaporized immediately due to the extreme heat. Those water vapors travel upward and mingle with all of the radio active particles before going far up into the atmosphere. Those tiny water vapors carry radioactive particles with them until the vapors condense and fall as a rain drops. Then you have radio active rain. | 2d78cf05-6b08-48e9-a12b-b9a8774a07ec |
4b0e45 | how a suppressor can thread into a barrel, and the bullet still pass through, since there is now less space? | Threaded barrels have the threads on the outside, not the inside. The suppressor will thread onto that, so the internal barrel diameter will not change.
[Here's a picture of the threadings on a barrel.](_URL_0_) | e0226d57-93e3-4c65-8bed-c60670d92f3b |
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