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7avb5h | How (or why) is the US Federal Reserve not an actual part of the government? | The Federal Reserve is essentially a government agency that is operated privately. It was created by the government, it's leaders are appointed by the government, but it is independent. This is often referred to as being "independent within the government."
By making it independent and quasi-private, the Federal Reserve can run monetary policy more efficiently, without every single thing being politicized and subject to constant interference and squabbling from politicians. This isn't to say that there's no oversight, just that it's less silly. | 0c7fd847-d84c-4d8a-9e36-f6c84b201059 |
1v4zr0 | Why hats used to be so popular in the 1920's and 30's | Hats have been popular articles of men's attire from ancient times until 1960. Most men throughout history wore a cap or hat whenever they went outside.
In 1960, President-Elect Kennedy attended his inaguration hatless and thereafter fashion changed rapidly to dispense with headgear except as environmental conditions required.
From about 1920 to 1960 men found it increasingly hard to use hats as an article of fashion due to the headroom in cars. As the headroom got smaller, hats got harder to wear. First the large tophat style hats vanished, then even smaller fedoras. About the only place men still feel comfortable wearing headgear in transport is in the cab of large trucks. | 1d2453cd-79c8-4b7e-8b7b-2f2c9bcc275e |
4epdq4 | why Verizon workers are going on strike? | The Verizon employees who are on strike have not had a contract since August of 2015. Negotiations with the company have not produced the results they felt were appropriate and they have elected to strike based on that.
Some of the issues they have raised are wages, pension freezes, Verizon working to make it easier to dismiss staff and move jobs overseas, among other things. | aed25dc0-2013-471b-906a-b6118c184207 |
4ivjf5 | Why do omelets and scrambled eggs taste differently even though I put the same ingredients into them? | First, texture has a lot to do with food. The sensations of chewing, moving food around in your mouth, and taking a bite-sized solid piece of omelet versus a fluffy bit of scrambled egg with a lot of air in it will add to a difference in flavor.
Next, your omelet usually has a big chunk of "other stuff" in its middle whereas the scrambled egg approach would have little bits of other things all throughout them (assuming you are making them with more than just cheese). This changes the way those additional bits cook and exchange tastes with each other, changes their moisture content, and changes the distribution of flavours that you get in each mouthful.
Finally, scrambled eggs are mixed around and they're cooked very uniformly without a "browned" exterior, but omelets usually have a little more deep-cooking in their exterior surface, and its different more-burned chemicals can result in a different flavor profile. | e2c25ee3-e7ed-4f17-95cd-91b1963f4251 |
4bizxk | Why aren't independent votes counted in the presidential primary? | Right now the parties are voting to pick who they want to run for president, as private entities. They may want to exclude non-party members, for instance to avoid letting 'guerilla voters' bump up a cataclysmically bad candidate so that the party will nominate him/her, and then lose in the general election.
You aren't currently voting *for president.* When that time comes, you can vote for whoever you'd like. | d7d5b2fc-1bef-438f-ab9e-808ce821a98b |
91b1aj | Why does cereal need to be in a bag in a box when dry pasta doesn’t need a bag before being put into a box? | We want cereal to stay crisp, because we don't intend to cook it before eating it. And because it has loads of rough surface area, it absorbs humidity fast. | a21343f8-5647-410d-bef8-5c9f03587be3 |
3irsei | Can Chinese writing be "sounded out?" How would someone read a word that they've never seen before. | No, mandarin and cantonese are not phonetic. If you can't figure out the word, you have to look it up or use context. | 9293a3ec-b19f-48e8-ad68-a7b91b7b77ff |
4gsxky | Why do charities build new homes for the homeless/under-privileged when we already have a ridiculous amount of vacant homes in the US that could be fixed/don't need fixing? | You can't really ask the government to just let you take existing but currently uninhabited homes like that, it'd basically amount to stealing from the owner.
Some places have laws about letting property be considered properly 'abandoned' in which case any supposed owner that fails to maintain the property can lose it to someone that does, but that's not universal or necessarily easy.
Ignoring that, though, where are these empty houses? A lot of them are somewhere pretty useless for a homeless person. Having a home doesn't mean much if you can't get a job in the area to hold down the home. Just giving homes to homeless people and calling it a day won't really work - you have to address the fact that most homeless people are facing issues of which being homeless is more of a symptom than a direct problem. Mental health issues, disability, inability to get work, etc. | 711755cb-d3c0-41bb-9281-68c24787c55e |
3cmrmt | Why do relatively small similarities between songs or books result in lawsuits worth millions, but knock-off food items can have identical ingredients, similar packaging, and even reference the name brand being ripped off with "compare to < brand name > "? | Songs are protected by copyright which protects the song from people copying it. Food on the other hand is a product that is composed of ingredients that are most likely not under patent protection. Also many of the generic brands you mention are actually made by the same company they are trying to imitate. The company just makes a lesser quality version of the name brand for stores to sell as a cheaper version. | a77364e0-b2d2-407d-a966-65652114289a |
32kmbq | How is the speed of the ball measured immediately in sports like cricket? | They use a radar gun, just like (well, in principle) the ones police use. They use the doppler effect to measure speed of the ball. You can buy one at many sporting goods stores. | 01372a5a-cbf9-4ba5-b9bd-586c508043ce |
7t2k1r | In today’s society, why is adopting a child not more encouraged than having your own and adding to an already over-populated planet? | Biological drive to reproduce, and societal drive to pass on a family legacy. It's basically that simple. | cb2c663e-e80b-47da-b53f-4e77ee7da907 |
6vg2i9 | What does the "real" in real estate mean? | It means "actual" in the sense that the thing is a permanent part of the world, as opposed to "personal estate" or "personal property" which comes an goes.
_URL_0_
Yes that's not how we use the word "real" usually today, but it was a long time ago. | 16b28060-acfc-403d-afc2-42e661145843 |
2w2sdx | What causes me to have extremely poor facial recognition skills? | You could have some degree of face blindness, _URL_0_
Which is an issue remembering people by their faces. In person, other cues like their voice, stride, context of meeting, and personality will clue you in, but there is no such benefit from photos. | cd7f7375-0f00-45d1-ba4f-23bb3cdd2860 |
1lmev5 | Tides... | I think the best way to describe tides is simply with a visual...
[_URL_0_](_URL_0_) | 03bab05f-c7a2-4c6b-bf6c-3fb5d4ca449e |
2dn4gi | Why is anal sex called anal sex and not rectal sex? (NSFW) | For the same reason oral sex is not called throat sex. | 2674e34f-00f1-412a-b073-87bbcc8b780d |
3897go | Why don't babies have morning breath? | I'm guessing it has to do with teeth. Before babies have teeth, there's less surface area for bad breath causing bacteria to cling to, hence no morning breath. Being on a liquid diet probably has something to do with it too. | 6144bf0b-e341-4d08-bc9c-ec308dfbe791 |
qdwye | Whole grain foods | Basically, grain foods are made from cereals, like wheats. The part we eat is the ground up seeds.
Refined grains have the bran and germ removed from it. These are extra parts of the seed that protect it and allow it to grow into a new plant. The only part left is called the 'endosperm' -- it's just the simple carbs put there by the wheat plant to help the seed grow. It's basically the food the seed will later use to germinate.
"Whole grain" hasn't been refined. Everything gets ground up together. That's what makes it darker.
The reason whole grain is beneficial is that the refinement process removes fiber and nutrients from the grain. This in turn leads to the refined grain being closer to just empty calories and also leads to it absorbing much more quickly.
Quick absorption in this case is unfortunate. It means the body gets shocked with sugars (which the refined wheat is mostly turned into in the body) more quickly. In other words, it has a higher glycemic index. | 97e3f488-3fc5-4a3c-83db-feae7a0c3eef |
ot3yb | UPC/Bar Codes | Like your five, sans wiki:
**The UPC**: Your basic UPC Bar Code is literally a *code* using vertical lines that represent numbers, letters, etc., the scanner scans horizontally across them in the same way that your eyes read the words on a page, only much, much faster; because of this, the bar code itself can be any height, but they like to make them nice and big to make them scan easier.
(Bonus, like you're 15: it works much in the same way that Morse Code works, only instead of long/short it's a combination of thick/thin/white/black)
**The Scanner**: The codes work because there are "start" and an "end" codes (and sometimes a "middle" as well) that tells it which way to read -- this means they work even if they're upside down (because the laser goes back and forth, it reads right-to-left and left-to-right, and it needs to know where to start).
Most scanners just have a back-and-forth laser, which means you have to orient either the item or the scanner to match (which is why you see people with the hand-held scanners turning every which way, trying to get it to scan) -- newer ones have a more complex pattern that scans at various angles, to ensure that no matter how it's placed in front of the laser, it'll scan it correctly across the bars. | 5a4c3d93-55f5-4d42-8479-5acad1793626 |
82l76o | Why does it hurt so much to get kicked in the balls? | Evolutionarily, our whole purpose in life is to live long enough to raise children, our genes don’t really care what happens after that. Our entire pain/reward system has been tweaked to this purpose. You ate? Good job, here is some dopamine. You skinned your knee? Bad job, that could get infected and kill you have some pain.
Based on this logic, pretty much the worst thing you could do is damage your ability to reproduce, so your balls are absolutely packed with nerve endings that will send intense pain signals to your brain if they sense injury, because losing your reproductive ability is equally as bad as death. | 3cf9afd5-876a-455e-bc89-ae8d54f58989 |
91v5ev | What happens to medicines beyond their expiry date that they turn unsafe for consumption? | Most everything has chemical reactions as they age. Some medications get weaker so the medicine simply stops working correctly. Some become more powerful so you risk overdose. And some completely change and can either lose their effect or become toxic. | 4bac974c-ac25-4d18-b1fb-7df59a6c0d82 |
14b77w | How exactly is a file deleted from your computer? | Pretend you have a room full of chalk boards, and you use the chalk boards to keep track of all your important info. You have so many chalk boards that you have a hard time keeping track of them all, and you keep forgetting which chalk board has your shopping list, and which chalk board has your tax records.
To keep track of your chalk boards, you number them, 1, 2, 3, etc. You also decide to use chalkboard 1 to keep track of what is written on the other chalk boards. Now, when you want to find your shopping list, you check chalk board 1, and it tells you that your shopping list is on board 35.
Now that you have gone shopping, you no longer need your shopping list, so you can delete it. You could go all the way back to board 35 and erase it, but that chalk board is all the way over there, like tens of feet away. That is far, and you are lazy. Easier to just cross out the line on board 1 that says where your shopping list is. Now, if you need to find a board to write on, you can look at board 1, and find a board that has information you no longer need. For example, the line for board 35 is crossed out, which means you can go there and overwrite whatever is there.
Moving a file to the recycling bin is like crossing out a line on board 1. You can see what is/"was" written there, but it is marked as trash or recycling by being crossed out. Emptying the recycling is just erasing the crossed out lines. | 6812471d-1162-44b9-b59b-e20693d33bb3 |
2s34gi | how are people in many societies expected to find love and marry by their early 20s? | Basically, when everyone is aware they must be married by 21, people compromise and settle quickly. Some of the prettiest or most socially dominant people in highschool (or equivalent age) would have first pick, then their friends would feel the need to catch up, and so on, until very nearly everyone had someone just because it's not fashionable not to.
Imagine if you could only ever sleep with your highschool prom date ever again, and if you didn't have one, that was it, you would have to go become a monk. You would imagine that a lot of people would make do with a decent prom date, and that sometimes people would marry only out of fear of being alone. | 8e1553a7-fa71-44db-b219-9cd3554a2722 |
3c3a6d | Why is Ellen Pao hated? | Since the subreddit ban wave (Fatpeople hate ect.) reddit decided she was satan, and never really came back from that.
Some people believe she's commercializing reddit and steering it away from its roots.
Personally I don't think we have the information to read her character one way or the other. | e3024845-3bbc-4489-b7f0-17ec82862b47 |
2cwrxd | Grafite and diamond are made of the same thing. Why one is transparent and other not? | In a diamond, the carbon atoms are all neatly lined up in a crystaline structure. Photons entering the lattice work from the right angles will pass right through it virtually unimpeded.
In graphite and other forms of carbon, the lattice work isn't there, and the atoms are in what you'd call a pile. So photons encounter resistance no matter where they hit it. | baa689be-802c-49d8-8d8d-b81b590021be |
6hu91f | How can you identify musical meter? | Other repetitive patterns, such as loudness of notes, in pop music, bass and snare drum hits are closely synced to the meter. Listen for arpeggios on bass, guitars or pianos that are multiples of the meter. If music is less rhythmic, like just long slow legato notes on violins or synth pads, it will be harder to recognize. There is a less emphasized "downbeat" for you to find | 58dea911-f55a-48c8-a238-692dc3bbd0f5 |
5ydmxd | How do bees make such perfect hexagons? | That is just what happens when you cram a bunch of circles together. Bees make circular/cylindrical containers for their honey and eggs, since those have the most volume to wall material ratio.
When these are all smushed together you get hexagons. | 772233c6-8fb0-472f-b477-e7e47cccaa04 |
8fvup4 | Why have I never heard of someone getting heart cancer? | It's just a very, very rare form of cancer so it's not heavily talked about. _URL_0_
Apparently the drummer of Kiss died from it, though. | 94b55030-dfa3-4cf8-a2db-c763fb0f79bf |
3g0hus | Where does the energy go to when you have a fully charged device and it is still plugged into the wall? | This is how I've been told to think about it: it's not that the power plug is PUSHING power out to the device, it's that the device battery is PULLING power from the plug. When the battery is 'full', it stops PULLING thereby eliminating any further flow of electrons.
Can anyone confirm? | 615c1344-d45e-42f5-b430-7ab314d67cdf |
4yvvlo | What causes a mob mentality? | It is herd mentality. I nature it goes like "everyone else is terrified and running away so I should also be terrified and running away". There for in an angry mob everyone around you is angry, shouting and swearing ect so subconsciously you also feel you should be doing just this. Such mentality, as you called it, causes angry crowds to do things that individuals wouldn't and riots emerge. | 644e0eda-b676-4e6c-9d05-c842283a655b |
1ix9oh | Why Mexico did not become a powerful nation just like Canada or the US? | As a Canadian, I think the word you're looking for is *affluent,* not powerful. | 7abfa52b-1fde-4008-9f25-8c392a9c9ac2 |
605p9j | Why can't we freeze food twice? | This is a myth. You can freeze and re-freeze food as much as you'd like, because the freezing process kills bacteria. The optimum temperature for bacterial growth is close to body temperature or higher for many bacteria (40° F and 140° F). This is the "danger zone".
What you don't want to do is refrigerate food over and over again. Or freeze a giant meal, reheat the whole damn thing and let it sit out on the counter for a while, then refreeze the whole damn thing again. If you take a meal out of the refrigerator, heat it a little, then put it back in the refrigerator, you're bringing the temperature up into the "danger zone". If you do this over and over again, you allow the bugs to multiply a lot.
Freezing rapidly can kill these bacteria. But you also have the risk of the toxins from the bacteria in your food (which will not be removed via freezing).
Check out the [USDA's page regarding leftovers](_URL_0_) before Republicans remove it from the website.
The best thing you can do is take leftovers as soon as you eat the food and separate them into smaller quantities for freezing. Then only bring out one portion at a time, heat it and eat all of it. Putting it back and forth into the fridge can be dangerous. | 04d30423-2b20-424b-af8f-69821b5aa3ab |
5md2wz | How do some foods make you gassy? Where is the gas coming from? | Some types of sugar consist of a bunch of different sugar molecules chained together. For example, starch consists of long chains of glucose molecules, and has to be split into single glucose molecules by an enzyme. However, different types of sugar require different enzymes for this job, for example lactose (milk sugar) requires an enzyme called lactase, which some people don't have. For some types of sugar however, nobody has the required enzymes.
These types of sugar can however be broken down by bacteria in the guts, which use it as an energy source. In doing so, they produce gases. | feefa13c-fca8-4bfb-8aa6-2f1f695c890b |
54fr0x | The Duluth Model in relation or application to domestic violence | Basically the Deluth model states that if a domestic violence call occurs then the man gets arrested to ensure safety for the woman. This generally occurs irrespective of who called the police or what the story is when the police get there.
The men's lib movement sees this as a very bad thing and in areas where it occurs as described they are correct. However, like most other claims of discrimination in the modern west its impact is overstated in my opinion. It's kind of like quicksand, you probably grew up thinking quicksand was some kind of super death trap yet the mundane reality is that it has very little effect on your life unless you put yourself in specific circumstances for it to become a problem. | c0e34655-9ef2-4370-abb9-444c16438c42 |
22urtc | What do the reduced salt signs on highways and roads mean? | Highways are sprayed with a salt solution in winter to prevent the formation of ice. Certain sections of highway are near water supplies and protected wilderness areas however. These sections are salted less in order not to contaminate the surrounding ecosystems.
They put the signs up to warn you that because there's less salt, there will likely be more ice. | 3d2764f9-a4a4-433c-8d15-f5e3138b7ccc |
1jtzfv | How did Lou reed's Liver fail on him caused by years of drug use and drinking if he has been sober for many years already? | I am, of course, not Lou Reed's doctor but I'd imagine it's because livers, although very miraculous in their regenerative capabilities in some ways, aren't perfect.
As we age our organs, and all of us really, degrades. If it didn't we'd never get old. It's easily possible that he damaged it to a certain threshold way back when, and this threshold was above the functional level, but close to disaster.
Then he aged a bit and the damage from years ago caught up with him. | a0619d96-ca15-43a6-a6a5-8c4afd5805ec |
jlmue | solving differential equations | This is going to be a little hand-wavey.
A differential equation describes how something changes very little when something else also changes very little. For example, speed describes how position changes, and acceleration describes how speed changes. The relationships between speed and position, and acceleration and speed, are called differential equations.
Differential equations describe almost everything in the universe. That's why it's so important to solve them.
For example, I know exactly how my speed makes my position change. How can I determine my position a long time into the future? To do that, I need to solve a differential equation.
And if I know exactly how acceleration changes my speed, I can solve a differential equation to figure out my speed in the future.
The next step: If I know how acceleration changes speed, and how speed changes position, I can also figure out how acceleration changes position. That's another differential equation.
When you take a differential equation, which only describes how something changes very little very close, and use it to predict BIG changes FAR away, that's called ***solving*** a differential equation.
Unfortunately, solving differential equations turns out to be very difficult indeed.
Edit: I'm assuming a five year old would want to learn about differential equations and what it *means* to solve them, not *how* to solve them. If the latter, you're in the wrong subreddit. | a5050739-06c4-403c-9310-ba663b2e935f |
5ziwuk | Why does travel in a bus/train make me feel tired? | I believe it's from the constant adjustments your body has to make from being bumped around. You never get the opportunity to sit still like you would on a couch. | 1190e47e-41b6-4283-b503-fd7c8f211fcb |
203z5o | If women's cycles sync up when they spend some time together, wouldn't every women be theoretically on the same monthly cycle? | I think they would have to spend a lot more time together than you imagine, like maybe live together and spend a lot of time outside work/college with each other also. | 591fcb29-ccff-4311-a112-b11655faf5a3 |
yt865 | Why can't they make space elevators with propellers on them to reduce tension forces? | That would only work in the atmosphere, where the propellers have something to push: air. But the cable will experience the same amount of tension above the atmosphere, where there is no air for the propellers to push. The only real solution is to find a way to manufacture, in large quantity at reasonable cost, a material with the necessary tensile strength. | 6afbeb45-7fb2-4adb-9931-8df302cc5b42 |
7j6yyh | Why does the visible light spectrum appear cyclic to the human eye if the spectrum is based on specific linear wavelengths of light? | It doesn't appear cyclic to the human eye. It appears cyclic to the human *brain*.
Our eyes can detect 3 "regions" of color: red, green, and blue. If we detect some combinations of those, we typically perceive that as an "in-between" color. For example, orange light stimulates both the red and green sensing cells in our eyes. So stimulating the red and green cells is what we perceive as "orange". And, interestingly, if we just use red and green light (no orange light), we can stimulate those cells exactly the same as orange light, and so we still see orange. In fact, that's the basis for how computer and phone displays work: They only emit red, green, and blue light, and our brains perceive combinations of those as other colors.
But here comes the strangeness! What happens when you stimulate the red and blue cells in the eye with red and blue light? Well, your first guess is that we should perceive the color that is "in between" red and blue on the spectrum. But that color is green, and we're specifically *not* stimulating the green-detecting cells in our eyes. However, your brain isn't really capable of seeing it as two different colors (red and blue) simultaneously, so it invents a new color! Purple!
That's right, purple, the color that allows our sense of the spectrum to be cyclical, *isn't a real color*. There is no such thing as a purple photon of light. Purple can *only* be perceived by the human brain as a side effect of the limitations of our visual system. | 448cb592-4629-4ea1-82c3-91eb97e923d9 |
4xeclu | How did gold, silver, and bronze specifically become the iconic symbols of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd in competitions. | Being both common and given value.
Bronze is a mix of copper and... On mobile, but I want to say iron. Looks nice, but isnt all that valuable.
Silver is more valuable, but tarnishes.
Gold is a symbol of wealth and purity, and is the most valuable of the three.
Other materials are not as common, harder to work with, or either too valuable to give up, or too cheap to mean anything. | edd6ecbc-0e98-475b-87b0-cf15b26fe32f |
2sun4a | Why does clips of American news seem such poor quality on UK TV? | The UK and the US have two different systems for broadcast TV signals. The US uses a system called NTSC, and the UK uses a system called PAL.
PAL is slightly better than NTSC to start with, but converting an NTSC signal to PAL degrades it even further.
All the major US networks now broadcast an HDTV signal as well. That should be directly compatible with an HDTV broadcast in the UK and the quality should be indistinguishable. But I have no idea what the agreements are between the US news outlets and the British news outlets to exchange video clips so it may be that whatever source you're using for news is limited to NTSC clips. | 704087a0-770e-40bd-b05a-b1255b7770cd |
8yqpp9 | How is topsoil formed and why does it take so long? | Soil is formed as leaves and stuff fall, also ferns, but once they fall, detritivores will break down material. Eventually it lets it’s nutrients go down to lower levels of soil(They have 4 horizons; O, A, B, C.) O is the organic matter, C is bedrock IIRC.
So first off, how many leaves do you think fall in a square foot of land at any given year, because that can be a major limiting factor. Also Temperature and Humidity also play a role, higher temperature gives more energy and water helps to break down and leech nutrients.
Soil scientists will dig holes to look at the layers and they can also give a good description of the land. For the USA you can google, web soil survey, and look for a parcel of land that you are interested in and get a report about the predicted soils in your area(This is modeled, so always be sure to verify.)
Because soil takes so long to form some states like Idaho have listed it as a public resource, so you can’t do damage to it, in a forestry setting, you can’t run a machine too much on it. Washington kinda protects it, but more on the side, Washington has protections for the fish, which in turn protects the streams with a forested buffer, like 150-200’ wide from the stream bank, and also you can’t let too much sediment get into the stream from logging roads or erosion up stream.
The constitution gave states the right to manage their lands, other than national lands, so they have different rules between each state, Washington has one of the bigger rule books. | 6c877687-a1e9-4e17-b54a-3a7b9e68a820 |
3m4c5v | Why can't we flush toilets with saltwater? | That would necessitate two different water sources coming to your house and an additional plumbing system to keep your toilet separate from your sinks, showers, etc. | 4a0c977f-c120-451a-8bda-f0ee7845d868 |
2c240l | Why does GPU drivers update, if the GPU is the same? What will that hcange? | When you write software you use abstract terms. For a simplified example, you might say something like "Show this model on the screen". You do this through a graphics library like DirectX or OpenGL, or through some engine that converts it into a language like that.
In the long past, there was no graphics libraries, and there were no drivers from the manufacturers. The programmers would have to know exactly what commands to send to every card. Back then there were only a few models of popular video cards so this was something that could be done. But as there started to be more models of video cards it started to be too hard to do well. So maybe you need to load the shape of the model into the card in a very different way for one card than another.
Out of this, OpenGL and eventually Direct3d became a thing. The cards were designed to accept more general terms like "load this model". The thing is the cards had to have some way of accepting these commands, and sometimes new cards with new features would come out and need to accept new features. You couldn't rewrite DirectX or OpenGL every time you wanted to use one of these features, and you don't know on the card immediately what's the best way to do something.
So a driver is another translation layer. The graphics library sends an instruction to the driver. The driver decides what the best way to convert that instruction into commands to send to the card is. When you get an updated driver it means that they've either fixed a problem in translation, or made an optimization that translates that better to the card that you have. When new games come out, sometimes the game uses features in a graphics library in ways that are unexpected and can be optimized by changing how they are translated and given to the card, it's in the card manufacturer's best interest to make sure their cards perform well so they often work with developers to make sure they can get the best performance, sometimes necessitating a new driver version. | acf08315-854d-4e86-a696-11e9125560ce |
4j030h | Why is the Universal Basic Income in Switzerland a bad thing ? | Switzerland is one of the wealthiest nations per capita on Earth. It achieved this feat in spite of being a landlocked country with pretty but mediocre land by offering an extremely business-friendly environment with low taxes. Thanks to this, even the poor of Switzerland are better off than the poor of most other countries.
The money for basic income must come from somewhere. To obtain it, you must raise taxes. The only place this tax money can come from is from the wealthy as taxing the poor would defeat the purpose.
The wealthy are highly mobile. Lower tax jurisdictions like Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, and Monaco are all close by. If the wealthy leave, their current taxes leave with them. Additionally, businesses will choose to expand in other nations, and move operations as Switzerland is already a terribly expensive place to be.
Finally, this redistribution takes money from those who invest in growing an economy, and gives it to those who will primarily consume. It would reduce future economic growth that benefits everyone through jobs and class mobility.
As the wealthy and businesses flee, the country becomes poorer, unemployment rises, and basic income becomes unsustainable. | 3d92cfdc-2d5c-4c66-959f-3eecb0e67ed8 |
8gy0w6 | How did we get metal to think? How does it know what the 1's and 0's are? Is it at it's core mechanical? | You might be referring to [this quote](_URL_1_) about computers "thinking".
[Here is a really good video] (_URL_0_) where people build a computer out of domino pieces. You can clearly see that those dominoes perform calculation, but they do not "think", it just happens because of the way they are arranged.
Metal does not think either. A computer does not think. A transistor puts out electricity (1 or 0) depending if you give it electricity or not. After all, it does not know what is 1 or 0. It is all just a bunch of transistors that electricity goes through, which in turn do calculations. A computer doesn't think "what is answer to 2 + 2", you just put electricity into it and it gives out the result.
Computer seems to think, because programs on the screen somethings say such things. "Waiting to download...", "Processing..." etc. Those are just abstractions which are created so humans would have some analogy what the computer is doing. All in all it is just tiny transistors that do not think.
The computer does millions or even billions of similar calculations (like in the domino video) per second, sometimes the binary numbers represent data, like color, letter, internet address, sometimes instruction, sometimes something else. | 8a8f39d1-40d9-4d7d-8182-316eba658c8f |
1igwlo | Why is soda a soothing chaser for alcohol? | The carbonation helps to disperse remaining alcohol from the palate and tongue.
Plus, it has a sugary taste. | e35ef140-a47e-48c4-bdfb-a351cbfa161e |
3unxwv | What is "development hell"? | > "Development hell or development limbo is media industry jargon for a state during which a film or other project remains in development without progressing to production. A film, video game, television program, screenplay, computer program, concept, or idea stranded in development hell."
TL;DR When a game/film is not making any progress/being scrapped and restarting, Example: completely starting from scratch over and over
Source: Google/Being a developer. | 5c9e82aa-4002-4781-ba7c-605a1c08f540 |
5bui4l | Why does America have such a weird voting system? | By comparison, Americans would think it weird that in parliamentary systems, you literally have no say in who becomes the head of your government.
Our system is a first-past-the-post (FPTP) system, in which case there is mathematically no reason not to have just two big-tent parties that cover a wide amount of the electorate. It doesn't matter if you win or lose by 1% or by 20%, a loss is a loss is a loss, and a win is a win is a win. Many have issue with the FPTP system, and want it changed, but doing so is probably going to require a Constitutional Amendment, which would be rather hard to pass.
It also doesn't help that the two major third parties in the US are both rather insane, and thus are marginalized because of how crazy their party members are. Case-in-point, Jill Stein is on record stating that wifi hurts children's minds, and her party (the Greens) held that vaccines cause autism right up until this Spring. In addition, Gary Johnson is considered a moderate by his party (the Libertarians) and barely won their nomination, and yet he wants to return the US to a commodity-backed currency, and believes that we shouldn't fight global warming because the Sun is going to destroy the Earth in a few billion years anyway. | c7204391-f288-41e0-954c-58835b4367b2 |
1944jy | How did herbivorous dinosaurs get so large while have so little protein in their diet? | Part of what allows Herbivores to grow as large as they do is that the Digestive Systems in Herbivores are optimized for extracting every bit of protein available from the food they eat. Their digestive tracts can also make some proteins from food that lack proteins. A good example is a a cow's Digestive Tract: It has four stomachs, all for getting the most nutrient possible out of every bite.
Also, plants aren't necessarily devoid of protein. Plants have Keratin, which most predators, and humans, can't digest. Herbivores however, usually can digest it. This greater diversity to what a Herbivore can eat allows them to have access to a surprising amount of protein and nutrients. | e65f8a01-d936-4c61-a00e-f92b2d1ad949 |
520bh9 | How does Square Cash instantly send money to your card, where as a deposit or check from your company can take days? | You're comparing two different cash methods. Payroll uses ACH (automated clearinghouse) transfers, while Square Cash uses the debit card network.
Square cash works by instantly debiting the sender's bank account, just like if they used their debit card at a store. The sender instantly receives the money, as it is treated like a debit card refund. Debit card transactions have to work fast because funds need to be confirmed available at point of sale. If there's no money availble, the purchase will be declined.
When your paycheck is transfered to you, it uses an ACH network, which is a large conglomerate of bank transfers using your bank account number and bank routing number. It is essentially a digital check. These transfers are done in batches, and take longer to process, usually take at least 24 hours.
TL;dr: Square cash uses debit cards while payroll uses digital checks | e352d7eb-1162-484d-ba3c-958e525c986c |
3an49d | What is Murphy's Law. How did it come about. And in what everyday concept these laws can be applied. | Anything that can go wrong, will go wrong. It's not really a law of nature, just a saying. It's not named after anyone specific, just check the wiki page for it.
It's not so much applied as a law, just a thing to keep in mind. If you design something that works 99% of the time but that 1% of the time it kills someone, you need to design that flaw out.
Tl;Dr is a saying, engineers like it because sometimes we build things that hurt people. | b6890c9d-4095-4014-9fd8-0cf6cbd662ac |
26ud7f | How do bytes take up "space"? | Your hard drive is a round plate, kind of like an old record. It's divided into thousands and thousands of "sectors", tiny little spots.
Each one of those tiny spots is a byte... When you save a byte on your hard drive, the drive head makes a change in the magnetic charge in that spot.
The computer turns these positive and negative magnetic charges into ones and zeroes. | 98b9c368-4690-4c29-abef-f05f56cadb4d |
jivzc | Piet Mondrian's art | The key to art history is to ask who the art was meant to be viewed by. At the time of Mondrian's rise the "art world" was moving away from photorealism thanks to photographs and into more experimental areas. He's basically just an extension of the opinions of that time that created Van Gogh et al. Think of it like someone from the distant future listening to dubstep and shaking his head thinking how that could be music without first having the cultural backdrop we have today of dance music, techno pop, synth bands etc etc. If you really want to appreciate it you have to understand the art atmosphere of the time, ie the 'new york school', and how that created the art we have today. TL:dr : He wowed the guys of his time by taking what was already happening to the next level. | 7b25a01a-6668-41be-9bca-1f6368a2ddcd |
1t06g7 | How is lucid dreaming possible if dreams are simply a construction of the mind created in a matter of seconds? | Because your subconscious moves and thinks at a much faster rate than your conscious mind. If a dream that only lasts for a few seconds in reality can seem like it lasts hours in your dream state then it's quite obvious your subconscious can keep up with the speed of its own creation. | d479b555-07f6-415f-b316-f0524e354dad |
1gakan | Why the Winter War happened | Relations between Russia and Finland had been strained since WWI.
Russia felt that Finland was weak, and that they would be able to easily seize a decent chunk of territory. Most of the rest of Europe was distracted by Germany gearing up to start WWII, and so the Russians felt that nobody else would really do much to help Finland if they invaded. | 367894bf-1d51-4bd9-bc4b-3f0e01cd2158 |
8bnaxk | How does light transfer data in optical fibers? | When data is transmitted over a wire, the wire is turned on and off very quickly. Thousands of times per second, it checks if the wire is currently on. If the signal is off, that is interpreted as a 0. If it's on, that's a 1.
Light travels through fiber optic cables. It's basically done the same way, but instead of electricity it uses flashes of light. | cd2142e0-9ca0-4da3-a632-c13ff3db1eb0 |
89snwm | Can anyone launch a satellite? Or are there laws claiming space territory? | Per the [Outer Space Treaty](_URL_0_) of 1967, governments cannot stake a claim to territory in space—so yes, space is indeed borderless. However, to get to outer space, Spacex's rockets first have to pass through the airspace directly above the US, which the Federal Aviation Administration *does* have jurisdiction over, thus requiring their approval. | d5c106a1-d1a2-4c74-b150-c2243aeb606d |
6zmika | Why do people relate their feelings and decisions with heart when they are completely related to brain? | In ancient times people believed the seed of your emotions was in your chest because whenever you are angry, stressed, scared, excited, etc. you can physically feel something happening in your chest that correlates to that emotion (i.e. if you are very scared, the rhythm of your heartbeat increases rapidly, which you can feel and associate with being scared). | 4461b642-5da6-4659-8974-be89aed43ce6 |
4fyfl1 | How is child pornography taken down so efficiently from all over the web while it's so easy to find for instance pirate movies & TV series? | Police actively enforce the Child Pornography issues so its forced to go much much more underground and its generally illegal everywhere.
Piracy is a copyright issue. A police officer cant arrest you for just being in possession of a digital copy of a movie. The owner of the copyright has to put a claim against you etc. Its more complicated and then they can charge you etc. It just being online isn't in and of itself illegal right off the bat. | 6d0f63c5-c471-4b45-acd9-86050aa4750d |
1i4kpz | what do the different temperatures on a washing machine do to my clothes? | Hot water generally cleans better but ages the clothes faster. Unless it's stained, I wash cold/cold and hang all my good shirts, shorts, and pants to dry. Warm *should* wash fastest, since it should fill the washer faster. YMMV.
If you follow the care labels on your clothing they will last a lot longer than if you warm wash everything and machine dry everything on normal or heavy settings. | 4f5a2c5b-d794-4561-8d68-b02b872d27a3 |
2ud3yt | What kinds of things do high-priced lawyers do that get better results for their clients than what public defenders are able to do? | When you pay for a high price lawyer, you're paying for skill and time. An expensive lawyer has several paralegals working under him that can spend a lot of time digging through old court cases looking for cases like yours. Once the lawyer has these cases, he can craft an argument based on them stating why you are innocent or deserve a lighter sentence. | 2c92c9fc-e1f1-48e9-aaf0-4471c3578201 |
3n113p | Google hasn't helped, what are the true reasons a cat hisses? | To threaten an imposing or suspected danger, to make it clear it means business and will attack or defend whatever is being contested with aggression, to notify others it is angry, and signal others to stay the hell away and scare off potential enemies. They hiss when they are angry, territorial, startled, in pain or in other distress. | 4dff4b00-5985-4c91-a322-41ec3266a9fc |
2pjvqc | When a court orders an individual to pay restitution in the millions of dollars, how much does that person actually pay? | The person collecting will go through a process where they seize the person's assets. There are restrictions to what they can seize, like I think they have to leave you one vehicle (probably depends on the jurisdiction) and after they've done that, potentially garnish wages.
For the most part though, everyone involved knows you're not going to get three million out of your average joe. What's more important, though, is that there will probably be an appeal. Now, the odds aren't actually great that the apartment complex will get three million again (nature of appeals). BUT they've already shown they have a very strong case and the judge is willing to find in their favor. So what happens? They figure out how much they CAN get from the guy, and go settle for that amount. Maybe half a million. The guy says, well shit, it'll ruin my business but at least I won't be miserable having one car and a studio apartment the rest of my life. And he takes the deal. This is great for the plaintiff because they know they're never really getting their three million, and they don't have to go through a lengthy collection process, appeal process, and wait on garnished wages. They just get a lump sum of half a million dollars. | 51f54a53-6b14-4f87-b61f-ea4f5f5a3b51 |
3xe8eu | What is the margin of error? | in statistics, its very hard to get an exact number. Most of the calculations for certain statistics come with that factor, a margin of error. Its basically the amount of possible variance in the answer. so 20% with a margin of error of 5% means the actual answer could be from 15%-25% but its definitely somewhere in there. | b2188ae6-9226-4885-881b-fdf29b3291ab |
8ksw2h | how do silencers on guns work? | The bullet is launched out of the gun by an explosion that superheats the air and produces a loud BAM sound. The gas/air that carries that sound wave doesn't have anywhere to go except out with the bullet. A silencer basically extends the barrel and helps that "explosion air" diffuse in other directions so that the resulting explosion from the gunshot is much quieter.
Movies and games that have a "pew pew pew" sound with the silencer attached are doing it wrong - it really is still an explosive sound, just heavily subdued, like a brick hitting a sandbag or something. | 1e46f15c-eb41-45a4-baa2-7c8bbff9830b |
2a3b1d | why aren't all toilets tankless (like the ones in commercial buildings)? | Homes generally do not have access to the high flow water sources required to make one of those toilets work. | b97602c4-3139-4b66-8f0d-7379d9ec99ad |
2g4alz | Why do Republicans want to repeal The Affordable Health Care Act so badly? | It's not really a giant health insurance plan, it's a bunch of reforms to the health care system, one of which being an online marketplace where you can buy private health insurance. The main issue that Republicans have is that one of the reforms is that having health insurance is now mandatory, and there will be a tax penalty for anyone who chooses not to buy it. | 51bd53e4-ed73-4082-9706-3bb46b18f0ac |
50kce4 | Why are we grossed out by the thought of our family members having sex or masturbating? | For sexually reproducing species, incest is often problematic because closely related family members are likely to share genetic problems with you that are then exacerbated in the children of incestuous couples. For this reason, many species have some sort of control against incest, typically behavioral. In humans, that control is revulsion at the idea of having sex or even thinking about sex with people who we had close contact with growing up. If we were not disgusted by envisioning family members engaged in sexual acts we might instead be aroused. This would create an evolutionary pressure against the aroused group because their children and their children's children wouldn't be able to breed as well and the family arousal trait would be out-competed by the the family disgust trait. | 2298ea7f-d0d9-455d-988b-565de250bc8e |
2307ie | Why do sour foods make faces move involuntarily? | Many sour foods are poisonous, we are programmed to reject sour foods with "disgust", same as when you see other unhealthy things like feces and Kanye West.
There was a good BBC Horizon show on Disgust years back. I found this article.
_URL_0_ | 4435ba1e-0e7c-4764-8398-b8083ebce0ea |
3oc35w | Why are dreams so much more vivid if you wake up during them? | Your brain actually tries to forget dreams. Most people have more than three per night, and forget most of them. If you wake up during a dream, your brain hasn't had time to try to forget it. Partially forgotten dreams, either by waking up before the memory has faded or by the mind failing to completely forget it, will seem much duller than a fresh dream. | 39d0f28f-d7ac-489e-ae1b-e50916883efa |
3cpi5m | Why don't people get drunk on rubbing alcohol? | Ethyl alcohol sold as rubbing alcohol is denatured. Meaning it's mixed with poisonous and disgusting tasting substances to make it undrinkable. The additives are also selected to ensure that it's difficult to purify the alcohol with distillation. | f728d4da-2294-4ded-bb0f-9f6e96f1d148 |
2d3qct | What motivates people to write thousands/millions of lines of code for open source software for free? | I like to think of OSS developers as in two categories
1 - People actually EMPLOYED to do work, and are legally obligated to submit their work back into the OSS source tree for whatever reason
2 - Weekend Warriors, College Kids or Bored Teenagers with nothing to do and kind of "get off" on seeing people use their creation and commit something to the greater good. They like solving complex problems, and doing something cool that others can use is a great feeling | 6c0ef6aa-9bd2-4047-b314-a57b059ef063 |
32hfvm | Why is reading so encouraged and preached to be the best thing you can do for your mind? | Your perspective is limited by the thoughts you can think with the knowlege you already have. Think of a spotlight pointed at the ground at night. The main body of light is your current t knowlege. The outside aura of light are new connections you could possibly make with your current knowlege. Books expose you to thinking in new ways and very in-depth knowlege of other people. Because of the slow rate of reading you have plenty of time to absorb lots of information. I also have heard many times that watching something on a screen bypasses parts of your brain and you more readily accept the information as true without first questioning it against your current base of knowlege. Not sure what truth is in this but it seems somewhat accurate due to personal experience. | d8a65704-5cac-4973-8ade-2f66ccb35444 |
2rrmkp | Why Bing is so poor compared to Google search engine and showing no sign of catching up or improving | Bing is actually excellent at certain things. But my interest in it is usually short-lived. | 142fc211-8916-4037-9733-a6f573b63c83 |
1cxuka | If you took three rigid cubes/shapes of identical size, filled one with "regular" air, one with hydrogen gas, and one put under complete vacuum, which would have the: least weight? most buoyancy in water? least mass? | What makes you think that the container filled with hydrogen "weighs less" than the vacuum one? Weight is a result of gravity, which depends on mass. The container filled with hydrogen has more mass than the one filled with "nothing," and thus weighs more.
edit: and they weigh the same regardless of where they are; at the surface of the water, underwater, not in water at all, whatever.
second edit: I think your confusion might be from the fact that a hydrogen balloon rises in air, which makes you think it "weighs less." A "vacuum-filled" balloon would also rise in air. A balloon floating is a result of buoyancy, just the medium is air instead of water. | fded8689-8fca-44bb-8af0-e9074cd5b945 |
1m1ybd | Can I build the internet from scratch? | Yes! Well, if you're a network engineer, it will be easier. And it will also be easier now, rather than when they built the first one, because all the software has already been written.
1. If you have a **simple** **network** at home, it doesn't really need to be connected to the Internet for the computers to talk to each other, and within just a handful of computers, it will work fine.
2. However, as you connect more and more computers, it will get more complicated, and you'll have to re-invent the things the Internet does. For example, in your home network, the only thing deciding where the packets go is your ethernet switch. These can't handle particularly large networks. Eventually, you'll need **routing**, where you assign particular addresses to particular parts of the network -- for example, 1.*.*.* is your house, and 2.*.*.* is your neighbor's house, and routers will know where the packet should go based on the address.
3. As you connect more and more computers, you may not be managing the whole network yourself. Other people will be managing their own networks, and you will be **internetworking** between them, i.e. connecting networks together. For example, your network is in house **A** and is connected to house **B**. And house **B** is connected to house **C**, but you don't know that! Your neighbor in B needs some way to tell you that it can get packets to C for you. On the Internet, the thing that does that is called **BGP**, or "border gateway protocol". It helps networks managed by different groups to work together. Now you have **a** **internet**. (Not **The** **Internet**, though.)
4. Eventually it will be hard to keep track of numbers, so you'll want names for things, like _URL_0_, and a way to turn that into numbers. This is **domain** **registrars**, to keep track of who is in charge of each domain, and **domain** **name** **system**, to actually change those various names into numbers.
As I said, you can borrow the programs to manage that from the ones the real Internet uses -- most are free -- but you could also make your own versions that work differently. And obviously, you'll need to buy a whole lot of fiber or cable of some sort, depending on how big you want it! | d7970cdb-684e-4c81-aca5-ec5ff3c8ebd6 |
3as5ff | Why does only your own saliva take out your own blood in fabric (like a tshirt)? | Not true at all. Even if saliva can remove blood (it can, but so can water), whether or not it comes from the same source as the blood makes absolutely no difference. | f05ad322-dd3b-4740-a376-89e6baf97704 |
89i2og | Exactly how is smoking weed different from eating edibles. Not in your mind but chemically. | When you eat it it gets processed by your liver into 11-hydroxy-THC. Which is said to be 5 times more psychoactive than when you smoke or vaporize cannabis. | cb869f1b-9d6f-4a76-9588-973c76588961 |
3nai8q | Why is Bill Cosby not in prison yet? | Because
1. The statute of limitations for the crimes Cosby is accused of has passed.
2. Because given the length of time between the acts and now, there is little chance of there being enough evidence to prove his guilt "beyond a reasonable doubt." | 1b642e21-74b1-45a1-a76c-2c9ce2b6d809 |
6ukupl | Is Irish a race or a nationality? | That's ridiculous. Irish is a nationality. They might say those kids aren't Irish because they don't have the right accent it don't follow the traditions, it happens in all closed communities, but they are as Irish as the taoiseach (current or past). It has nothing to do with race. | 23cdcf0f-8d9e-4e38-8680-601e3bbb87e3 |
65ymgx | Why aren't Chinese people typically fat? We eat so much rice on a near daily basis. | The answer is extremely simple: a modest number of total calories per day. (Often combined with a decent amount of exercise through work, walking, and/or cycling.)
No matter what *kind* of food you eat, if the *total calories consumed* don't exceed the number you burn, you cannot get fat. | d267d021-4082-4350-879d-90294935047b |
3ppns6 | Why don't highways have designated cruise control sections/lanes? | People still have to enter and exit this section unless they are to stay in it eternally. Traffic speeds and slows from congestion (as in, not accidents) purely from people making adjustments to change lanes.
Consider that the range of speeds people travel down a highway doesn't vary that much normally. The thing affecting them is this merging. | 7e06a041-cf41-4cb6-951e-64433232fb74 |
2wdz8c | Where do the newborn babies in television come from? | Most babies you see on TV are actually a lot older than you think. Most are at least a few months old. | 79bdd994-4246-409b-9310-d2451261f23d |
2vv63x | What exactly is a leasehold and freehold in UK property? How is it possible for you to buy the leasehold but not the freehold on a house? | It would be unusual to buy a leasehold house.
Leasehold properties are usually flats.
The freeholder owns the building, and the land on which the building is built.
You own a lease (it usually starts off at 125 years or 1000 years) on a particular property within that building. Basically, this means you rent your property on a 125 year or 1000 year contract, except that unlike a normal rental property, you actually own this lease and have the right to sell it to someone else.
Normally when you own a leasehold property you have to pay a maintenance fee to a management company. This covers the cost of maintaining the building, paying the gardener, keeping the lift running, paying for the upkeep of the private gym and the cost of the concierge (obviously not all of these apply to all blocks of flats!)
Additionally, you have to pay ground-rent. This is literally just a rental fee. Some places charge a small annual fee, maybe £100 or so. Others charge what is known as a "peppercorn fee" - a nominal amount which would, once upon a time, have literally been a peppercorn, but now it's more likely to be £1.
In contrast, if you own a freehold, then you own the land outright. You don't pay anyone anything unless you choose to, but of course you will need to pay to maintain your property unless you want it to fall apart. | 9ad4b758-8aba-4574-85ec-75e19612768b |
35wtex | How do colorblindness correction glasses work? | The website for the company that makes them has a pretty good explanation. Basically what happens is you have four types of light sensors in your eye: red, green, and blue cones plus rods. Their affinity to register light of different frequencies is shown [here](_URL_0_), which basically means that a photon at 420 nm is very likely to set off a blue cone and less likely to set off a rod, while a photon at 500 nm will likely set off a rod but almost certainly won't set off a blue cone. (Note that the responses are normalized, which means that you shouldn't compare the actual heights of the different curves, just the shapes.) When the different colors of cones fire you see different colors, and when the rods fire you see white. When you see yellow it's because both your red and green cones are firing at the same time--every different color you can perceive corresponds to a different ratio of different types of cones firing. (Extra credit: that means that each monochromatic visible light of a different wavelength looks like a different color, but there's lots of ways to *combine* different frequencies to make the same color.) The rods are mostly used in dim light, so bright white light is caused by all the types of cones firing about the same amount.
Now, colorblindness. The issue with red-green colorblindness is that instead of having different frequency responses, the red and green cones have about the same frequency response in colorblind people. That means that any light causes them to fire the same amount, which makes red and green both look yellow. The glasses take advantage of the fact that the frequency responses still aren't exactly the same--they just overlap much more than they're supposed to. The glasses use nonlinear effects to make light with wavelengths shorter than 550 nm have even shorter wavelengths, and light with wavelengths longer than 550 nm have even longer wavelengths. That means light that should normally stimulate the green but not red cones, when passed through the glasses is shifted far enough towards blue that it really does stimulate the green cones more than the red (and similarly with light that should normally stimulate just the red cones). | 709a3f2e-c93d-420c-84c9-4529517ca6d7 |
70wvsj | if cameras take square photos, why are the apertures round? | You've sort of got it the wrong way round. The camera LENSES are round, because round lenses bend light much better. But the film the image is captured on is rectangular, for the same reason that all pictures are usually rectangles, easier to frame and they are easier to put onto walls.
Modern camera sensors have just continued this. Also when light is bent by a round lens, the images around the edges are often distorted, by using rectangle sensors you are just cropping these out and getting a better image. | 171eac99-ac76-4d0b-ad01-77cf9bc3902d |
yh3gl | What has caused Brazil to become as major of a country as it is? | They have a large area, large exploitable population, lots of natural resources, and are politically stable. | d1e0fb22-ee52-42a1-8632-4c91d392bfb5 |
6igyc3 | Why do they say to "breathe in through your nose and out through your mouth" when exercising? | When you breathe in through your nose you're filtering the air before it goes into your lungs, and pulling it through a smaller opening, forcing you to inhale slower taking deeper breaths. You exhale through your mouth because it's a bigger opening and you want to get the 'bad air' out as fast as you can.
Your nose also helps regulate the temperature of the air you're breathing. When it goes in your mouth it goes very quickly into your lungs, and if it's too cold it can be jarring to your lungs. I'd guess, when it's way too hot out, like today, it also serves to cool it down a bit. | 0bb0db10-56b2-43b0-9c77-d5523d9ebd96 |
5tqd6y | What would happen if NATO broke up? | Well nothing immediately. But obviously each member state would be more vulnerable to attack, with a particular problem to the Eastern European countries. | 3cb3259e-e417-4f71-97eb-40847d8c7c64 |
orgje | The naming conventions of sea vessels, HMS, SS, RMS etc. | AHT Anchor Handling Tug
AHTS Anchor Handling Tug Supply vessel
CRV Coastal Research Vessel
C/F Car Ferry
CS Cable Ship
DB Derrick Barge
DEPV Diesel Electric Paddle Vessel
DLB Derrick Lay Barge
DCV Deepwater Construction Vessel
DSV Diving Support Vessel/ Deep Submergence Vehicle
DV Dead vessel[1]
ERRV Emergency Response Rescue Vessel[citation needed]
FPSO Floating Production, Storage and Offloading Vessel
FPV Free Piston Vessel
FPV Fishery Patrol Vessel
FV Fishing Vessel
GTS Gas Turbine Ship
HLV Heavy lift vessel
HSC High Speed Craft
HSF High Speed Ferry
HTV Heavy Transport Vessel
IRV International Research Vessel
ISV International Space Vehicle
LB Liftboat
LNG/C Liquefied natural gas carrier
LPG/C Liquefied petroleum gas carrier
MF Motor Ferry
MS (M/S) Motor Ship (interchangeable[citation needed] with MV)
MSV Multipurpose support/supply vessel
MSY Motor Sailing Yacht
MT Motor Tanker
MV (M/V) Motor Vessel (interchangeable[citation needed] with MS)
[citation needed]
MY Motor Yacht
nb Narrowboat
NRV NATO Research Vessel
NS Nuclear Ship
OSV Offshore Supply Vessel
PS Paddle Steamer
PSV Platform Supply Vessel
RV Research Vessel
RMS Royal Mail Ship or Royal Mail Steamer
SB Sailing Barge
SS (S/S) Steamship (with screw propellers, can be either coal- or oil-
fired)
SSCV Semi-Submersible Crane Vessel
SSV Sailing School Vessel, Submarine and Special Warfare Support
Vessel[2]
ST Steam Tug
STS Sail Training Ship
STV Sail Training Vessel or Steam Turbine Vessel
SV Sailing Vessel
SY Sailing Yacht or Steam Yacht
TEV Turbine Electric Vessel
TIV Turbine Installation Vessel
TS Training Ship
TSS Turbine Steam Ship or Twin Screw Steamer
TV Training vessel
there are also prefixes for certain countries (USS would be United States Ship, FS is French Ship, JDS is Japan Defense Ship, HMS is His/Her Majesty's Ship/Submarine, ect) | 00ad9521-0546-412b-8fce-d2dd89bb6ac2 |
3ml99e | If Republicans are such terrible leaders (responsible for govt shutdown, etc) why are they still elected? | In the US, people tend to think everyone in congress is a bunch of idiots...except their guy. The guy they voted for is the one voice of reason trying to find common sense solutions and everyone else is out for themselves. | 2ab96d8b-fd40-455d-9ed3-803f1edb92b0 |
1qmhmg | How does Medical Residency and Internship work after med school | To be clear, your first year of residency is referred to as 'internship,' and yes, you are paid. You are a doctor, and you are expected to see patients in the hospital and clinic, and do whatever else physicians in your specialty do on a day-to-day basis (operate, catch babies, whatever). You're supervised by older residents and by your staff to help you avoid fucking up too badly.
You also read and study a ton, attend classes and conferences, take outside training as needed in your specialty, take exams, teach younger residents and med students, etc and so on.
Basically it's like working two full-time jobs (80 hr/week) plus taking a full college course load. Welcome to the Jungle. | 38adda90-1263-4ab9-8d25-141862229178 |
3dxnv8 | Wisdom Teeth | * They are a third set of molars at the back of your mouth.
* They come in at around 18-20 years because before then, your mouth would be too small and there wouldn't be room for them
* Sometimes they don't come in right because our mouths are smaller than they were 100,000 years ago, laregly because ever since this "cooking" thing started, we've had a lot less chewing to do.
* The evolutionary purpose they serve was to be extra teeth to grind with. If you ever see hominid skulls from 100,000+ years ago, any that made it past 20-30 years had their teeth ground way, way down. That's because before cooking and relatively modern food processing (I'm talking about grinding grain to bake bread with), our diet required a lot of long periods of chewing. Teeth would wear down. If you got to the point where you had no more molars left, you basically would have starved. So having an extra four molars in your mouth, once your head was big enough to hold them, was an advantage.
Source: Forensic Anthropology course in university | e886b09b-e499-4d57-9dff-f5c608327764 |
48gfur | how do IP addresses work? What is a network mask? | An IP address is basically just like your normal address. Imagine I wrote my address like this
> Nevada.Smalltown.Main Street.8
That's basically how an IP address works. It tells you to go to Nevada, then find Smalltown, then find Main Street, then look for number 8
And as for a network mask: well, the one for my "local" network, my street, would be something like this
> Nevada.Smalltown.Main Street.0
Where "0" means "everything". We never assign number 0 to any houses (or computers, for IP's). Essentially it says "Everything under Nevada.Smalltown.Main Street is part of my local chunk of network". Equally we could say "Everyone in my town" by using this instead:
> Nevada.Smalltown.0.0
Which means "Every house on every street in Nevada". In theory you could also use something like Nevada.Smalltown.0.8, which means "Every house with the number 8", but in the real world with IP addresses there's no actual use for this
Note that IP addresses are a little less literal than this example: if you have a row of 10 computers in an office, they won't necessarily (or even probably) have IP addresses x.x.x.1 to x.x.x.10: it's more about who the IP addresses "belong" to.
So, for example, my ISP might use the IP addresses 88.200.0.0 (eg everything starting 88.200....) this gives them around 65,000 addresses in that "block". So anyone looking for 88.200.1.1 will go to my IP address and ask them to send it to me | 02dbfef8-fb80-41a2-a572-c5eb0239f605 |
j6xmr | Explain art. | Art is meant to entertain. Because life has no definite purpose, art is created in order to help give life purpose, or at least take our minds off of life's lack of purpose. Almost anything can be considered an art.
Paintings that depicts realistic looking scenes like landscapes and portraits do this in a very closed-ended way. That is, if it's a painting of a tree, there's really only one way to interpret that painting.
However, abstract art like that of Pollack and all of the other artists you've mentioned, fill the void of existance in a more open-ended way. Their paintings are meant to inspire feelings just like any other painting, but the viewer has more of a choice in what feelings are being inspired because they have more choice in what they are seeing. | d993682d-27fa-4bb2-bc66-ef7b87eb4040 |
40885x | Why hasn't there been a viable 3rd Party in American politics to date? | It's because of the "first past the post" method of determining the winner. Whoever gets the most votes wins, rather than the candidate having to secure a simple majority of 50% plus one. Third parties end up skewing the results and acting as "spoilers". There have been successful third parties — the Republican Party, for one. There's also the matter of the two main parties doing everything they can to keep viable third party candidates off the ballot or handicapped in one way or another. Ranked choice voting is one solution to this rather undemocratic feature of our system. | 70900329-4bae-4207-b5d2-9916f9aec151 |
ln4e3 | What is blood type? Why is our blood different? | Not quite 5, but I'll give it a shot.
Blood type refers to the type of cell marker that exists on the outside of your red blood cells. There are 3 types- A, B, and O. If you have A, B is considered foreign so you will have anti-B antibodies. The same can be said for A if you have B type blood. If you have O, it is neither A nor B so you make antibodies for both A and B. AB blood types have no antibodies since both types are present on their cells. Type ABs are referred to as "universal recipients" because they have no antibodies in their blood and can therefore receive any type of blood without fear of the body rejecting it. Type Os are the universal donors under most condition but this can vary depending on other more complicated factors since as I mentioned before they have anti-A and anti-B antibodies.
These types are genetic. A and B are dominant to O, and if you get an A from one parent and a B from another, you will be AB (co-dominant). | 8cdf858c-0034-49a8-aeb9-a9a607e1bd8c |
1lrls1 | why do body parts hurt long after an injury is healed, especially when the weather changes? | Well, I don't know about bone fractures. Most of the Pain - > Weather predictions I've seen have been about joint pain.
The most common explanation is that damaged joints respond to changes in atmospheric pressure. Rain, and especially large storms, are accompanied by a drop in pressure. That pressure drop causes damaged tissue (from arthritis, an injury, etc.) to swell up. The swelling tissue causes the joint to ache and alerts the person to the impending weather change. | 044b3048-9357-4729-b5f5-ef82099c48e9 |
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