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ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.24.1 Description | This clause includes common, fundamental Ethernet transport requirements, and any requirements necessary to support a 5G LAN-type service. The requirements applicable to the 5G system for supporting cyber-physical applications using Ethernet are described in 3GPP TS 22.104 [21]. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.24.2 Requirements | The 3GPP system shall be able to support an Ethernet transport service.
The 5G network shall support the routing of non-IP packet (e.g. Ethernet frame) efficiently for private communication between UEs within a 5G LAN-type service.
The 5G network shall be able to provide the required QoS (e.g. reliability, latency, and bandwidth) for non-IP packet (e.g. Ethernet frame) for private communication between UEs within a 5G LAN-type service.
The Ethernet transport service shall support routing based on information extracted from Virtual LAN (VLAN) ID by the 3GPP system.
The Ethernet transport service shall support the transport of Ethernet frames between UEs that Ethernet devices are connected to.
The Ethernet transport service shall support the transport of Ethernet frames between a UE that an Ethernet device is connected to and an Ethernet network in DN (Data Network).
NOTE: If more than one Ethernet devices need to be connected to a UE, they can be connected using an Ethernet switch between the devices and the UE.
The Ethernet transport service shall support the transport of Ethernet broadcast frames.
The Ethernet transport service shall support traffic filtering and prioritization based on source and destination MAC addresses.
The Ethernet transport service shall support traffic filtering and prioritization based on Ethertype (including multiple Ethertypes in double tagging).
The Ethernet transport service shall support traffic filtering and prioritization based on IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tags (including double tagging).
The Ethernet transport service shall support routing based on information extracted by the 3GPP system from the Bridge Protocol Data Units created in the Ethernet network based on a Spanning Tree Protocol (e.g. RSTP, MSTP [54]). |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.25 Non-public networks | 6.25.1 Description
Non-public networks are intended for the sole use of a private entity such as an enterprise, and can be deployed in a variety of configurations, utilising both virtual and physical elements. Specifically, they can be deployed as completely standalone networks, they can be hosted by a PLMN, or they can be offered as a slice of a PLMN.
In any of these deployment options, it is expected that unauthorized UEs, those that are not associated with the enterprise, will not attempt to access the non-public network, which could result in resources being used to reject that UE and thereby not be available for the UEs of the enterprise. It is also expected that UEs of the enterprise will not attempt to access a network they are not authorized to access. For example, some enterprise UEs can be restricted to only access the non-public network of the enterprise, even if PLMN coverage is available in the same geographic area. Other enterprise UEs can access both a non-public network and a PLMN where specifically allowed.
In addition to the requirements in this section, all requirements and KPIs in other sections of TS 22.261, that are not exclusively for PLMNs (i.e. explicitly using the term PLMN) also apply to (i.e. are in scope of) non-public networks, except the requirements in sections 5.1, 6.2.4 and 6.3.2.2. However, hereby it is important to realize that requirements and features are optional to be supported by a non-public network, since non-public network deployments can include different subsets of 5G system requirements and services described in the sections of TS 22.261. The deployment choices are dependent on verticals needs and regulation.
6.25.2 Requirements
The 5G system shall support non-public networks.
The 5G system shall support non-public networks that provide coverage within a specific geographic area.
The 5G system shall support both physical and virtual non-public networks.
The 5G system shall support standalone operation of a non-public network, i.e. a non-public network may be able to operate without dependency on a PLMN.
Subject to an agreement between the operators and service providers, operator policies and the regional or national regulatory requirements, the 5G system shall support for non-public network subscribers:
- access to subscribed PLMN services via the non-public network;
- seamless service continuity for subscribed PLMN services between a non-public network and a PLMN;
- access to selected non-public network services via a PLMN;
- seamless service continuity for non-public network services between a non-public network and a PLMN.
Subject to an agreement between the operators and service providers, operator policies and the regional or national regulatory requirements, the 5G system shall enable a UE, with multiple subscriptions, to simultaneously access multiple non-public networks and corresponding services, via those NPNs or via a different network (PLMN or NPN).
Subject to regional or national regulatory requirements for emergency services, 5G system shall be able to support IMS emergency services for non-public networks.
A non-public network subscriber to access a PLMN service shall have a service subscription using 3GPP identifiers and credentials provided or accepted by a PLMN.
The 5G system shall support a mechanism for a UE to identify and select a non-public network.
NOTE: Different network selection mechanisms may be used for physical vs virtual non-public networks.
The 5G system shall support identifiers for a large number of non-public networks to minimize collision likelihood between assigned identifiers.
The 5G system shall support a mechanism to prevent a UE with a subscription to a non-public network from automatically selecting and attaching to a PLMN or non-public network it is not authorized to select.
The 5G system shall support a mechanism to prevent a UE with a subscription to a PLMN from automatically selecting and attaching to a non-public network it is not authorized to select.
The 5G system shall support a mechanism for a PLMN to control whether a user of a UE can manually select a non-public network hosted by this PLMN that the UE is not authorized to select automatically.
The 5G system may broadcast a human readable network name that a UE may display for manual selection of a non-public network.
The 5G system shall support a change of host of a non-public network from one PLMN to another PLMN without changing the network selection information stored in the UEs of the non-public network.
The 5G system shall enable an NPN to support multiple third-party service providers.
In the event of a loss of communication between RAN and core network, the 5G system shall be able to provide capability to securely re-connect an NPN network function within a short period of time (< 1s).
6.25.3 Groups of interconnected SNPNs
A group of interconnected SNPNs consists of one of more pairs of interconnected SNPNs. The determination of whether a given SNPN can or should be able to participate within a given group of interconnected SNPNs if based on prior arrangement and out of band configuration. How these arrangements and configuration are made is outside the scope of 3GPP and the 5G network.
NOTE 1: The interconnect can be established on temporary basis forming a group of interconnected SNPNs with variable topologies.
NOTE 2: It is assumed the interconnected SNPNs have overlapping radio coverage
The following requirements apply for enabling groups of interconnected SNPNs
Based on SNPN configuration and subject to SNPN operator's policy, the 5G network shall be able to support mechanisms to enable interconnect between two or more SNPNs.
Based on SNPN configuration and subject to SNPN operator’s policy, the 5G network shall be able to support prioritization of resources for a service offered by a SNPN that is consumed by users attached to other interconnected SNPNs.
Based on SNPN configuration and subject to SNPN operator’s policy, the 5G network shall be able to support service continuity for UEs that are moving between interconnected SNPNs.
6.25.4 SNPN cellular hotspots
The following requirements apply to support of Stand-alone Non-Public Network (SNPN) cellular hotspots:
NOTE 1: SNPN hotspot refers to a connectivity hotspot based on 3GPP 5G network technology that provides services in a similar way as provided by WLAN hotspots. Charging requirements are considered out of scope for this functionality.
Based on the SNPN configuration, the 5G network shall support a mechanism for an SNPN to be able to interconnect with a large number of SNPN Credential Providers with which the SNPN might not have preconfigured information detailing the IP addresses used by these SNPN Credential Providers to interconnect with the SNPN.
Based on the SNPN configuration, the 5G network shall support a mechanism for an SNPN Credential Provider to be able to interconnect with a large number of SNPNs with which the SNPN Credential Provider might not have preconfigured information detailing the IP addresses used by these SNPNs to interconnect with the SNPN Credential Provider.
Based on the SNPN configuration, the 5G network shall support a mechanism for an SNPN to be able to determine how to connect to an SNPN Credential Provider capable of verifying the identity presented by a user attempting to connect to that SNPN.
Based on the SNPN configuration, the 5G network shall support a mechanism for an SNPN to be able to securely interconnect with an SNPN Credential Provider in deployments where the required security information is not preconfigured.
Based on the SNPN configuration, the 5G network shall support a mechanism for an SNPN to enable an SNPN Credential Provider to securely notify events (e.g., a user’s subscription ending) to the SNPN. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.26 5G LAN-type service | |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.26.1 Description | 5G expands the scope and reach of 3GPP-defined technologies. There are multiple market segments in the realm of residential, office, enterprise and factory, where 5G will need to provide services with similar functionalities to Local Area Networks (LANs) and VPN’s but improved with 5G capabilities (e.g. high performance, long distance access, mobility and security). |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.26.2 Requirements | |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.26.2.1 General | The 5G system shall support 5G LAN-type service in a shared RAN configuration.
The 5G system shall support 5G LAN-type service over a wide area mobile network.
The 5G network shall support service continuity for 5G LAN-type service, i.e. the private communication between UEs shall not be interrupted when one or more UEs of the private communication move within the same network that provides the 5G LAN-type service.
The 5G system shall support use of unlicensed as well as licensed spectrum for 5G LAN-type services.
The 5G system shall enable the network operator to provide the same 5G LAN-type service to any 5G UE, regardless of whether it is connected via public base stations, indoor small base stations connected via fixed access, or via relay UEs connected to either of these two types of base stations. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.26.2.2 5G LAN-virtual network (5G LAN-VN) | A UE shall be able to select a 5G LAN-VN, that the UE is a member of, for private communication.
A 5G system shall support 5G LAN-VNs with member UEs numbering between a few to tens of thousands.
The 5G system shall be able to support large numbers of small 5G LAN-VNs.
NOTE: Targeting residential deployments translate into millions of 5GLAN-VN per operator per country. These residential 5G LAN-VNs typically contain between 10-50 devices.
The 5G LAN-VN shall support member UEs that are subscribed to different PLMNs, e.g. a 5G LAN-VN may span multiple countries and have member UEs that have a subscription to a PLMN in their home country.
The 5G system shall support on-demand establishment of UE to UE, multicast, and broadcast private communication between members UEs of the same 5G LAN-VN. Multiple types of data communication shall be supported, at least IP and Ethernet.
The 5G network shall ensure that only member UEs of the same 5G LAN-VN are able to establish or maintain private communications among each other using 5G LAN-type service.
The 5G system shall allow member UEs of a 5G LAN-VN to join an authorized multicast session over that 5G LAN-VN.
The 5G system shall be able to restrict private communications within a 5G LAN-VN based on UE’s location (i.e. when the UE moves out of the area it can no longer communicate on the 5G LAN-VN).
The 5G network shall enable member UEs of a 5G LAN-VN to use multicast/broadcast over a 5G LAN-type service to communicate with required latency (e.g. 180 ms).
The 5G system shall support a mechanism to provide consistent QoE to all the member UEs of the same 5G LAN-VN.
The 5G system shall support routing based on a private addressing scheme within the 5G LAN-VN.
The 5G system shall support a communication path between a non-3GPP device in the CPN and a UE in the 5G-LAN VN via the eRG of the CPN, for an eRG that is part of the 5G LAN-VN. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.26.2.3 Creation and management | The 5G network shall enable the network operator to scale up/down a 5G LAN-VN, e.g. the coverage, capacity for efficient consumption of network resources.
The 5G network shall enable the network operator to create, manage, and remove 5G LAN-VN including their related functionality (subscription data, routing and addressing functionality).
The 5G network shall enable the network operator to add one or more authorized UEs to an existing 5G LAN-VN.
NOTE 1: A UE needs to be authorized by the MNO to use 5G LAN-type service before it can be added to any 5G LAN-VN.
NOTE 2: some use cases will require user permission for a UE to be added to a 5G LAN-VN.
The 5G system shall enable the network operator to add an authorized UE to multiple independent 5G LAN-VNs.
The 5G network shall enable the network operator to remove one or more UEs from an existing 5G LAN-VN.
NOTE 3: Removing a UE from a 5G LAN-VN does not have impact on other 5G LAN-VNs that the UE is a member of.
The 5G system shall enable the network operator to configure a 5G LAN-VN that is available only within a geographical area.
Based on MNO policy, the 5G network shall provide suitable means to allow an authorised third party to
- monitor changes in QoS policy that pertains to LAN-VN performance;
- configure and receive information regarding the achieved performance for a specific UE;
- configure and receive information regarding the achieved performance for a specific network;
- receive notification of changes in specific configuration aspects of the UE in the VN (e.g., changes in group membership information.) |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.26.2.4 Privacy | The 5G system shall be able to prevent the sharing of a UE’s identifying information (e.g. SUPI, MSISDN) on private communication among UEs using 5G LAN-type service. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.26.2.5 Traffic types | A 5G system shall support all media types (e.g. voice, data, multimedia) for 5G LAN-type service.
The 5G system shall support traffic scenarios typically found in a home setting (from sensors to video streaming, relatively low amount of UEs per group, many devices are used only occasionally) for 5G LAN-type service.
The 5G system shall support traffic scenarios typically found in an office setting (from sensors to very high data rates e.g. for conferencing, medium amount of UEs per group) for 5G LAN-type service.
The 5G system shall support traffic scenarios typically found in an industrial setting (from sensors to remote control, large amount of UEs per group) for 5G LAN-type service. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.26.2.6 Discovery | The 5G system shall enable a member UE to discover other member UEs within the same 5G LAN-VN.
The 5G LAN-type service shall be able to support existing non-3GPP service discovery mechanisms (e.g. mechanisms to discover printers). |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.26.2.7 (void) | |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.26.2.8 Indirect communication mode | The 5G system shall support 5G LAN-type service for authorized UEs using indirect network connection or direct network connection.
The 5G network shall be able to provide a remote UE using 5G LAN-type service with same level of service as if the remote UE would be using a direct network connection (i.e. provide required QoS for the Ethernet packets transferred between remote UE and relay UE if they are using 3GPP access).
The 5G network shall be able to support service continuity for the private communication between a remote UE with other member UEs of the same 5G LAN-VN, when the remote UE changes from one relay UE to another or when the UE changes between direct and indirect network connection. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.26.2.9 Service exposure | Based on MNO policy, the 5G network shall provide suitable APIs to allow a trusted third-party to create/remove a 5G LAN-VN.
Based on MNO policy, the 5G network shall provide suitable APIs to allow a trusted third-party to manage a 5G LAN-VN dedicated for the usage by the trusted third-party, including the address allocation.
Based on MNO policy, the 5G network shall provide suitable APIs to allow a trusted third-party to authorize/deauthorize UEs to access a specific 5G LAN-VN managed by the trusted third-party.
Based on MNO policy, the 5G network shall provide suitable APIs to allow a trusted third-party to add/remove an authorized UE to/from a specific 5G LAN-VN managed by the trusted third-party. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.27 Positioning services | |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.27.1 Description | 5G positioning services aims to support verticals and applications with positioning accuracies better than 10 meters, thus more accurate than the ones of TS 22.071 [24] for LCS. High accuracy positioning is characterized by ambitious system requirements for positioning accuracy in many verticals and applications, including regulatory needs.
In Location-Based-Services and eHealth, higher accuracy is instrumental to new services and applications, both outdoor and indoor.
For example, on the factory floor, it is important to locate assets and moving objects such as forklifts, or parts to be assembled. Similar needs exist in transportation and logistics, for example rail, road and use of UAVs. In some road user cases, UE's supporting V2X application(s) are also applicable to such needs. In cases such as guided vehicles (e.g. industry, UAVs) and positioning of objects involved in safety-related functions, availability needs to be very high.
Mission Critical Organizations require mission critical services to have accurate positioning such that first responders can be located at all times during normal and critical operations, indoors as well as outdoors. The level of positioning accuracy (and other KPIs) required is much more stringent than that required by local and regional regulatory requirements for commercial 5G users. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.27.2 Requirements | The 5G system shall provide 5G positioning services in compliance with regulatory requirements.
NOTE 1: example of regulatory requirements encompasses requirements on emergency calls (e.g. e911), reliability and safety requirement (RAMS) applicable to some use cases and verticals, implementation of Priority, Precedence, Preemption (PPP) mechanisms to ensure sufficient reliability metrics are reached.
The 5G system shall provide different 5G positioning services, supported by different single and hybrid positioning methods to supply absolute and relative positioning.
NOTE 2: hybrid positioning methods include both the combination of 3GPP positioning technologies and the combination of 3GPP positioning technologies with non-3GPP positioning technologies such as, GNSS (e.g. Beidou, Galileo, GPS, Glonass), Network-based Assisted GNSS and High-Accuracy GNSS, Terrestrial Beacon Systems, dead-reckoning sensors (e.g. IMU, barometer), WLAN/Bluetooth-based positioning.
The 5G system shall enable an MCX UE to use the 5G positioning services to determine its position with the associated uncertainty/confidence of the position, on request, triggered by an event or periodically.
The 5G System shall be able to provide the 5G positioning services in case of roaming.
The 5G system shall support mechanisms to determine the UE’s position-related data for period when the UE is outside the coverage of 3GPP RAT-dependent positioning technologies but within the 5G positioning service area (e.g. within the coverage of satellite access).
The 5G system shall be able to make the position-related data available to an application or to an application server existing within the 5G network, external to the 5G network, or in the User Equipment.
NOTE 3: the position service latency can be tailored to the use cases.
The 5G system shall be able to manage and log position-related data in compliance with applicable traceability, authentication and security regulatory requirements.
The 5G network shall be able to request the UE to provide its position-related-data on request—together with the accuracy of its position—triggered by an event or periodically and to request the UE to stop providing its position-related data periodically.
NOTE 4: This requirement does not preclude whether the position is computed in the UE or elsewhere in the 5G System (e.g. core network).
The 5G system shall support mechanisms to configure dynamically the update rate of the position-related data to fulfil different performances (e.g. power consumption, position service latency) or different location modes.
NOTE 5: for example, the 5G System needs to be able to request the UE to provide its location periodically with an update rate ranging from one location every [1 s to 10 s] in location normal mode to one location every [30 s to 300 s, or more] in location power saving mode. The 5G System needs to allow UEs to sleep for extended periods (e.g. one week), without requiring the UE to update its position data.
The 5G system shall allow the UE to trigger a different update rate of the position-related data based on whether the UE is moving or not.
The 5G system shall be able to determine the position-related data of the 5G positioning services with any update rate ranging from one set of position-related data every 0,1 s to one set of position-related data every month.
NOTE 6: the position service latency can be tailored to the use cases.
The 5G System shall be able to negotiate the positioning methods according to the operator's policy or the application’s requirements or the user's preferences and shall support mechanisms to allow the network or the UE to trigger this negotiation.
The 5G system shall supply a method for the operator to configure and manage different positioning services for different users.
The 5G system shall be able to determine the reliability, and the uncertainty or confidence level, of the position-related data.
The 5G system shall be able to access to the positioning methods used for calculating the position-related data and to the associated uncertainty/confidence indicators. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.28 Cyber-physical control applications in vertical domains | |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.28.1 Description | The 5G system is expected to meet the service requirements for cyber-physical control applications in vertical domains.
A vertical domain is a particular industry or group of enterprises in which similar products or services are developed, produced, and provided. Automation refers to the control of processes, devices, or systems in vertical domains by automatic means. The main control functions of automated control systems include taking measurements, comparing results, computing any detected or anticipated errors, and correcting the process to avoid future errors. These functions are performed by sensors, transmitters, controllers, and actuators.
Cyber-physical systems are to be understood as systems that include engineered, interacting networks of physical and computational components. Cyber-physical control applications are to be understood as applications that control physical processes. Cyber-physical control applications in automation follow certain activity patterns, which are open-loop control, closed-loop control, sequence control, and batch control.
Communication services supporting cyber-physical control applications need to be ultra-reliable, dependable with a high communication service availability, and often require low or (in some cases) very low end-to-end latency.
Communication in automation in vertical domains follows certain communication patterns. The most well-known is periodic deterministic communication, others are a-periodic deterministic communication and Smart Grid.
Smart Grid is a term that refers to enhanced cyber-physical control of electrical grids and to related application. Smart Grid operation can cover power generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption, which can require high communication service availability and communication service reliability, and in some cases a low end-to-end latency with more accurate clock synchronization. 5G system functionalities can be used for Smart Grid control, monitoring, availability assurance, service security, isolation and etc.Communication for cyber-physical control applications supports operation in various vertical domains, for instance industrial automation and energy automation.
For more information about cyber-physical control applications in specific vertical domains, see clauses D.1 to D.4. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.28.2 Requirements | |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.28.2.1 General | The 5G system supports the communication services for cyber-physical control applications in the vertical domains of factories of the future (smart manufacturing), electric power distribution, smart grid, central power generation, and rail-bound mass transit. The associated requirements are described in 3GPP TS 22.104 [21]. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.28.2.2 Smart Grid | For the 5G system to support the Smart Grid, the 5G systems needs to fulfil at minimum the following requirements.
- 3GPP TS 22.104 clauses 5.2, 5.3, and 5.6 for requirements related to periodic communication, aperiodic communication, and clock synchronization;
- 3GPP TS22.104, clause 5.6.1, 5.6C, 9 and A.4 for Smart Grid specific service requirements;
- 3GPP TS 22.261, clauses 6.10, 6.13, 6.14, and 6.26 for requirements related to the support of secured communication between the 5G system and a trusted third-party;
- 3GPP TS 22.261, clauses 6.23 for the requirements related to information exchange between the 5G system and a trusted third-party;
- 3GPP TS 22.261, clause 8.9 for the requirements on security. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.29 Messaging aspects | |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.29.1 Description | The 5G system is expected to support advanced capabilities and performance of messaging service especially for massive IoT communication which are introduced by the MSGin5G Service [22]. The MSGin5G Service provides one to one, group and broadcast message services for thing-to-thing and person-to-thing communication with low end-to-end latency and high reliability of message delivery, in a resource efficient manner to optimize the resource usage of the both control plane and user plane in the network, and power saving in the user devices. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.29.2 Requirements | The 5G system supports the MSGin5G Service. The associated service level requirements of the MSGin5G Service are described in 3GPP TS 22.262 [22]. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.30 Steering of roaming | |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.30.1 Description | Steering of roaming allows the HPLMN (or subscribed NPN) to steer a UE to a VPLMN or NPN on which the HPLMN (or subscribed NPN) wants the UE to register, when the UE registers on another VPLMN or NPN. This capability can be needed for reasons e.g. reselection to a higher priority PLMN, or NPNs, based on business arrangements. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.30.2 Requirements | The following set of requirements complement the requirements listed in 3GPP TS 22.011 [3], clause 3.2.2.8.
The 5G system shall support a mechanism for the HPLMN to control the timing when a UE registered on a VPLMN, in automatic mode (see clause 3.1 of TS 23.122 [25]) and currently in CONNECTED mode, enters IDLE mode and initiates higher priority PLMN selection based on the type of ongoing communication.
NOTE 1: Changes needed to support the above requirement are expected to have minimum impact on the 5G system. UE is expected to initiate the above-mentioned PLMN selection e.g. by locally releasing the established N1 NAS signalling connection.
NOTE 1a: The requirement above applies also to the case of a UE registered to a non-subscribed (standalone) NPN, in order to select a higher priority PLMN or NPN.
The UE shall be able to delay conforming to steering of roaming control information from the HPLMN while it is engaged in priority service (e.g. emergency call, MPS session), or a service defined by HPLMN policy not to be interrupted (e.g. MMTEL voice/video call).
NOTE 2: The HPLMN policy can take into account the user's preference for the service(s) not to be interrupted. User preferences can be communicated utilizing non-standard operator-specific mechanisms, e.g. web-based.
The mechanism mentioned above in this clause shall be available to the HPLMN even if the VPLMN the UE is registered on is compliant to an earlier release of the 5G system.
The 5G system shall support mechanisms to enable a credentials holder (e.g. HPLMN or subscribed standalone NPN) to send steering of roaming information to a UE for selecting standalone NPNs (e.g prioritized list of preferred NPNs). |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.31 Minimization of Service Interruption | |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.31.1 Description | A mobile network can fail to provide service in the event of a disaster (for example a fire.) The requirements listed in this clause provide the 5GS with the capability to mitigate interruption of service. UEs can obtain service in the event of a disaster, if there are PLMN operators prepared to offer service. The minimization of service interruption is constrained to a particular time and place. To reduce the impact to the 5G System and EPS of supporting Disaster Roaming, the potential congestion resulting from an influx or outflux of Disaster Inbound Roamers is taken into account.
Scenarios where network failures render the network subject to a disaster unable to authenticate its subscribers are excluded. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.31.2 Requirements | |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.31.2.1 General | Subject to regulatory requirements or operator's policy, 3GPP system shall be able to enable a UE of a given PLMN to obtain connectivity service (e.g. voice call, mobile data service) from another PLMN for the area where a Disaster Condition applies.
Subject to regulatory requirements, operator's policy or UE capabilities, the 3GPP system shall be able to support a UE, with 5G-only national roaming access to a VPLMN, to obtain 4G connectivity service from that VPLMN in the area where a Disaster Condition applies.
NOTE: In the above scenario, voice call service is provided by IMS in HPLMN.
Subject to regulatory requirements or operator's policy, in case of shared RAN between participating PLMNs, the 3GPP system shall be able to support a UE of a given PLMN to obtain connectivity service (e.g. voice call, mobile data service) from another participating network when a Disaster Condition applies to the UE’s PLMN. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.31.2.2 Disaster Condition | The 3GPP system shall enable UEs to obtain information that a Disaster Condition applies to a particular PLMN or PLMNs.
NOTE: If a UE has no coverage of its HPLMN, then obtains information that a Disaster Condition applies to the UE's HPLMN, the UE can register with a PLMN offering Disaster Roaming service.
The 3GPP system shall support means for a PLMN operator to be aware of the area where Disaster Condition applies.
The 3GPP system shall be able to support provision of service to Disaster Inbound Roamer only within the specific region where Disaster Condition applies.
The 3GPP system shall be able to provide efficient means for a network to inform Disaster Inbound roamers that a Disaster Condition is no longer applicable.
Subject to regulatory requirements or operator’s policy, the 3GPP system shall support a PLMN operator to be made aware of the failure or recovery of other PLMN(s) in the same country when the Disaster Condition is applies, or when the Disaster Condition is not applicable. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.31.2.3 Disaster Roaming | The 3GPP system shall be able to provide means to enable a UE to access PLMNs in a forbidden PLMN list if a Disaster condition applies and no other PLMN is available except for PLMNs in the forbidden PLMN list.
The 3GPP system shall provide means to enable that a Disaster Condition applies to UEs of a specific PLMN.
The 3GPP system shall be able to provide a resource efficient means for a PLMN to indicate to potential Disaster Inbound Roamers whether they can access the PLMN or not.
Disaster Inbound Roamers shall perform network reselection when a Disaster Condition has ended.
The 3GPP system shall minimize congestion caused by Disaster Roaming.
The 5G system and EPS shall support a mechanism for the HPLMN to control whether a UE, with HPLMN subscription, should apply Disaster Roaming when a Disaster Condition arises (in the HPLMN or a VPLMN).
3GPP system shall be able to collect charging information for a Disaster Inbound Roamer with information about the applied disaster condition. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.32 UAV aspects | |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.32.1 Description | The 3GPP system is expected to support various enhanced UAV scenarios, especially for a wide range of applications and scenarios by using low altitude UAVs in various commercial and government sectors. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.32.2 Requirements | The 3GPP system supports service requirements and KPIs related to command and control (C2), payload (e.g. camera) and the operation of radio access nodes on-board of UAVs. The associated requirements are described in 3GPP TS 22.125 [26]. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.33 Video, imaging and audio for professional applications | |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.33.1 Description | Audio-Visual (AV) production includes television and radio studios, live news-gathering, sports events, music festivals, among others. Typically, numerous wireless devices such as microphones, in-ear monitoring systems or cameras are used in these scenarios. In the future, the wireless communication service for such devices are expected to be provided by a 5G system. AV production applications require a high degree of confidence, since they are related to the capturing and transmission of data at the beginning of a production chain. This differs drastically when compared to other multimedia services because the communication errors will be propagated to the entire audience that is consuming that content both live and on recorded media. Furthermore, the transmitted data is often post-processed with filters which could actually amplify defects that would be otherwise not noticed by humans. Therefore, these applications call for uncompressed or slightly compressed data, and very low probability of errors. These devices will also be used alongside existing technologies which have a high level of performance and so any new technologies will need to match or improve upon the existing workflows to drive adoption of the technology.
The 3GPP system already plays an important role in the distribution of AV media content and services. Release 14 contains substantial enhancements to deliver TV services of various kinds, from linear TV programmes for mass audiences to custom-tailored on-demand services for mobile consumption. However, it is expected that also in the domain of AV content and service production, 3GPP systems will become an important tool for a market sector with steadily growing global revenues. There are several areas in which 3GPP networks can help to produce AV content and services in an efficient and flexible manner. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.33.2 Requirements | The 5G system supports the communication services for video, imaging and audio for professional applications. The associated requirements are described in 3GPP TS 22.263 [28]. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.34 Critical medical applications | |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.34.1 Description | The 5G system is expected to meet the service requirements for critical medical applications where critical medical applications denote medical devices and applications involved in the delivery of care for patient’s survival. Additionally, as the medical industry undergoes a shift to value-based healthcare, where companies and healthcare providers have to move to business models based on providing clinical value with cost efficiency, the 5G system can help to adopt new and more efficient care delivery models in order to reduce administrative and supply costs.
On this matter, 5G technology can especially have an important impact by:
- enabling superior monitoring capability means thus improving the effectiveness of preventive care,
- enabling shifting care location from hospitals to homes and other lower cost facilities,
- improving operating room planning, enabling streamlining equipment usage and simplifying operating theater implementation,
- Enhancing cooperation in critical situations between ambulance and hospital staff. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.34.2 Requirements | The 5G system shall support the communication services for critical medical applications. The associated requirements are described:
- in 3GPP TS 22.104 [21] for the requirements related to controlling both local or remote robotic diagnosis or surgery systems,
- in 3GPP TS 22.263 [28] for the requirements related to high quality medical imaging and augmented reality systems located in hybrid operating rooms, in remote healthcare facilities or ambulances,
- in 3GPP TS 22.261 clause 7.5 for the requirements on the support of tele-diagnosis or tele-monitoring systems,
- in 3GPP TS 22.261 clauses 6.10, 8.2 and 8.9 for the requirements on the security of medical data that fulfil regulatory requirements. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.35 Service Function Chaining | |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.35.1 Introduction | In order to support enhancement of service function chaining for 5G networks beyond the requirements for FMSS in TS 22.101, the network operator defines service function chaining policies for service function chaining to steer the traffic associated to the application and its users on per UE basis to appropriate ordered service functions.
A service function chain for 5G networks contains service functions such as firewall functions, NAT, antimalware, parental control, DDoS protection, TCP proxies, load balancers, KPI monitoring, and video optimization, etc.
NOTE: these are non-exhaustive examples of service functions. Other service functions can be provided by an operator. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.35.2 General Requirements | The following requirements apply for supporting enhancement of service function chaining for 5G networks:
- The network operator shall be able to define and modify service function chaining policies for steering traffic on per application per UE basis through required service function chaining with ordered service functions to improve the user’s QoE.
- Service functions chaining policies shall be able to distinguish between upstream and downstream traffic.
- The coexistence of traffic with and without service function chaining shall be supported.
- Service function chaining shall provide suitable means for authorized third parties to request a chain of service functions provided by the network operator based on operator’s service function chaining policies.
- In case of roaming, the HPLMN shall be able to apply traffic steering policies and service function chaining polices for home routed traffic.
- In case of roaming with local breakout, the HPLMN shall be able to provide the traffic steering policies and service function chaining policies to the VPLMN providing local breakout with support of service function chaining.
- Service function chaining shall support deployments where the Hosted Services are provided by the operator and deployments where the Hosted Services are provided by a third party. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.35.3 Service Function Management | - The service function management shall allow the operator to create, modify, and delete a service function based on operator’s service function chaining policies.
- The service function management shall allow the operator to create, configure, and control a chain of service functions per application and its users on per UE basis based on operator’s policy or request from third parties.
- The service function management shall be able to manage service function chaining for deployments where the Hosted Services are provided by the operator and for deployments where the Hosted Services are provided by a third party. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.36 5G Timing Resiliency | |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.36.1 Overview | 5G systems rely on reference precision timing signals for network synchronization in order to operate. These synchronization references are generated by Primary reference Time Clocks that typically get the timing reference from GNSS receivers and in order to meet the relevant synchronization requirements also during failure conditions, the synchronization network designs typically include means to address potential degradation of the GNSS signal performance. Some deployment of 5G involve applications that themselves can be sensitive to any degradation of the timing signal. In such cases it is beneficial for the 5G system to be enhanced to act as a backup for loss of their GNSS references. In some implementations, timing resiliency enhancements to the 5G system can work in collaboration with different types of time sources (e.g., atomic clock, time service delivered over the fibre) to provide a robust time synchronization.
5G as a consumer of time synchronization benefits from timing resiliency which enables the support of many critical services within the 5G network even during the event of a loss or degradation of the primary GNSS reference timing. Additionally, for time critical services (e.g. financial sector or smart grid), the 5G system can operate in collaboration with or as backup to other timing solutions. A base of clock synchronization requirements when 5G is providing a time signal, if it is deployed in conjunction with an IEEE TSN network or if it is providing support for IEEE 1588 related protocols, is included in [21] clause 5.6.
The enhancements in this clause build on this to add timing resiliency to the 5G system enabling its use as a replacement or backup for other timing sources. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.36.2 General | The 5G system shall support enhanced timing resiliency in collaboration with different types of time sources (e.g., GNSS, TBS/MBS [33] [34], Sync over Fiber [34]) to provide a robust time synchronization.
The 5G system shall be able to maintain accurate time synchronization as appropriate for the supported applications in the event of degradation or loss of the primary timing reference (e.g., GNSS). |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.36.3 Monitoring and Reporting | The 5G system shall be able to support mechanisms to monitor for timing source failure (e.g., GNSS).
The 5G system shall be able to detect when reference timing signals (e.g., from GNSS or other timing source) are no longer viable for network time synchronization.
The 5G system shall support a mechanism to determine if there is degradation of the 5G time synchronization.
The 5G system shall be able to support mechanisms to indicate to devices (e.g., UEs, applications) that there is an alternate time source available for use (e.g., 5G system internal holdover capability, atomic clock, Sync over Fiber, TBS, GNSS), taking into account the holdover capability of the devices.
The 5G system shall be able to detect when a timing source fails or is restored for network time synchronization.
The 5G system shall support mechanisms to monitor different time sources and adopt the most appropriate.
The 5G system shall support a mechanism to report timing errors such as divergence from UTC and time sync degradation to UEs and 3rd party applications. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.36.4 Service Exposure | The 5G system shall support a mechanism for a 3rd party application to request resilient timing with specific KPIs (e.g., accuracy, interval, coverage area).
6.37 Ranging based services |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.37.1 Description | Ranging-based services are the applications utilizing the distance between two UEs and/or the direction of one UE from the other one. In 3D case, direction includes horizontal direction and elevation direction. Ranging-based services can apply to a variety of verticals, such as consumer, smart home, smart city, smart transportation, smart retail, and industry 4.0. Some ranging-based services can only require the distance measurement, some can only require direction measurement, others can require both distance and direction measurement.
Ranging can be supported with or without 5G coverage and figure 6.37.1-1 is an illustration of ranging between UEs that are in coverage, out of coverage, or with partial coverage. Both licensed and unlicensed spectrum can be used for ranging. If licensed spectrum is used, it shall be fully under operator control.
Figure 6.37.1-1: Illustration of ranging between UEs with or without 5G coverage |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.37.2 Requirements | The 5G system shall be able to support for a UE to discover other UEs supporting ranging.
The 5G system shall be able to authorize ranging for a UE or a group of UE when using licensed spectrum.
The 5G system shall be able to protect privacy of a UE and its user, ensuring that no identifiable information can be tracked by undesired entities during ranging.
The 5G system shall be able to enable or disable ranging.
The 5G system shall support mutual ranging, i.e. two UEs shall be able to initiate ranging to each other.
The 5G system shall be able to ensure that the use of Ranging, if in licensed spectrum, is only permitted in network coverage under the full control of the operator who provides the coverage.
NOTE 1: The above requirement does not apply for public safety networks with dedicated spectrum, where ranging might be allowed out of coverage or in partial coverage as well.
The 5G system shall support energy efficient UE ranging operation.
The 5G system shall be able to start ranging and stop ranging according to the application layer’s demand.
The 5G system shall be able to provide mechanisms for a MNO, or authorized 3rd party, to provision and manage ranging operation and configurations.
The 5G system shall be able to support mechanisms for a UE to assist another UE to perform ranging of a third UE (if the requesting UE is LOS with the assisting UE and the assisting UE is LOS with the third UE).
NOTE 2: It cannot be assumed that all ranging UEs support the same application for exchange of information.
The 5G system shall be able to support ranging enabled UEs to determine the ranging capabilities (e.g. capabilities to perform distance and/or angle measurement) of other ranging enabled UEs.
The 5G system shall be able to allow a ranging enabled UE to determine if another ranging enabled UE is stationary or mobile, before and/or during ranging.
NOTE 3: This may require assistance from other ranging enabled UEs.
The 5G system shall allow ranging between 2 UEs triggered by and exposed to a third UE.
The 5G system shall allow ranging service between 2 UEs triggered by and exposed to the application server.
The 5G system shall be able to support one UE initiating ranging to the other UE.
The 5G system shall be able to support ranging between UEs which subscribe to different operators.
The 5G system shall be able to allow roaming UEs to perform ranging.
The 5G system shall be able to ensure the integrity and confidentiality of ranging information used by ranging-enabled UEs.
The 5G system shall be able to ensure that user privacy is not violated during ranging, e.g., subject to regional or national regulatory requirements.
The 5G system shall be able to ensure security protection (e.g., interworking security) when the ranging concerns UEs subscribed with different operators.
The level of security provided by the existing 5G system shall not be adversely affected when ranging is enabled.
The 5G system shall support means to securely identify other ranging capable UEs, with which a certain UE can perform ranging. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.38 Personal IoT Networks and Customer Premises Networks | |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.38.1 Description | Personal IoT Networks (PINs) and Customer Premises Networks (CPNs) provide local connectivity between UEs and/or non-3GPP devices. The CPN via an eRG, or PIN Elements via a PIN Element with Gateway Capability can provide access to 5G network services for the UEs and/or non-3GPP devices on the CPN or PIN. CPNs and PINs have in common that in general they are owned, installed and/or (at least partially) configured by a customer of a public network operator.
A Customer Premises Network (CPN) is a network located within a premises (e.g. a residence, office or shop). Via an evolved Residential Gateway (eRG), the CPN provides connectivity to the 5G network. The eRG can be connected to the 5G core network via wireline, wireless, or hybrid access. A Premises Radio Access Station (PRAS) is a base station installed in a CPN. Through the PRAS, UEs can get access to the CPN and/or 5G network services. The PRAS can be configured to use licensed, unlicensed, or both frequency bands. Connectivity between the eRG and the UE, non-3GPP Device, or PRAS can use any suitable non-3GPP technology (e.g. Ethernet, optical, WLAN).
A Personal IoT Network (PIN) consists of PIN Elements that communicate using PIN Direct Connection or direct network connection and is managed locally (using a PIN Element with Management Capability). Examples of PINs include networks of wearables and smart home / smart office equipment. Via a PIN Element with Gateway Capability, PIN Elements have access to the 5G network services and can communicate with PIN Elements that are not within range to use PIN Direct Connection. A PIN includes at least one PIN Element with Gateway Capability and at least one PIN Element with Management Capability.
A PIN Element with Management Capability is a PIN Element that provides a means for an authorised administrator to configure and manage a PIN.
The requirements as described in 3GPP TS 22.101 [6] clause 26a can also apply to Personal IoT Networks and Customer Premises Networks. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.38.2 Requirements | |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.38.2.1 General | The 5G system shall support mechanisms to identify a PIN, a PIN Element, an eRG and a PRAS.
Subject to local regulations, the 5G system shall support regulatory requirements for emergency calls, PWS and eCall for UEs connected via a CPN.
NOTE: The above requirement applies to UEs connected via 3GPP access.
The 5G system shall support applications on an Application Server connected to a CPN or PIN.
The 5G system shall be able to support PINs with PIN Elements subscribed to more than one network operator (e.g., a PIN Element that is a MUSIM UE and subscribes to different operators respectively, one PIN Element subscribed to network operator A and another PIN Element subscribed to network operator B).
Subject to regulatory requirements and operator policy, the 5G system shall support an efficient data path within the CPN for intra-CPN communications.
NOTE 1: For services an operator deploys in the 5G network (i.e. not in the CPN), local data routed via eRG does not apply.
Subject to regulatory requirements and operator policy, the 5G system shall support a data path not traversing the 5G network for intra-PIN communications via direct connections.
The 5G system shall enable the network operator to provide any 5G services to any UE via a PRAS connected via an eRG.
NOTE 2: Whether the PRAS can be used by UEs from other PLMNs in the same country as the PLMN associated with the PRAS is subject to regulatory policy on national roaming.
The 5G system shall minimize service disruption for a UE that is moving between CPN access and operator provided mobile access.
NOTE 3: CPN access can imply access via a PRAS or can imply access directly via an eRG. Operator provided mobile access implies access via an operator owned base station.
The 5G system shall minimize service disruption when a CPN communication path changes between two PRASes.
The 5G system shall be able to minimize service disruption when a PIN Element changes the communication path from one PIN Element (e.g. PIN Element with Gateway Capability) to another PIN Element or operator provided mobile access. The communication path between PIN Elements may include licensed and unlicensed spectrum as well as 3GPP and non-3GPP access.
The 5G system shall be able to support PRAS sharing between multiple PLMNs.
The 5G system shall support mechanisms to aggregate, switch or split the service between non-3GPP RAT and PIN direct connections using licensed spectrum. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.38.2.2 Gateways | The 5G system shall be able to support access to the 5G network and its services via at least one gateway (i.e. PIN Element with Gateway Capability or eRG) for authorised UEs and authorised non-3GPP devices in a PIN or a CPN.
The 5G system shall be able to support IP traffic offload to data network for a CPN.
NOTE 1: The priority of offload can be from default configuration, network or user.
Under operator control, an eRG, shall be able to efficiently deliver 5G multicast/broadcast services to authorized UEs and non-3GPP devices in the CPN.
NOTE 2: The multicast service(s) that each of the authorized UEs and/or non-3GPP devices is allowed to receive may be different. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.38.2.3 Operation without 5G core network connectivity | The 5G system shall allow PIN Elements to communicate when there is no connectivity between a PIN Element with Gateway Capability and a 5G network. For a Public Safety PIN licensed spectrum may be used for PIN direct communications otherwise unlicensed spectrum shall be used.
When a CPN has lost connectivity with the 5G network, the 5G system shall provide an operator-controlled mechanism to enable:
- in the default configuration, or under certain conditions configured by the operator, the PRAS radio interface shall be deactivated; and
- under certain other conditions configured by the operator, the CPN shall continue existing intra-CPN communication, as long as no interaction with the 5G network is needed (e.g. refreshing security keys).
NOTE 1: The requirement above relates to intra-CPN operations and is subject to operator policy and control, under certain situations.
NOTE 2: Setting up new intra-CPN or intra-PIN communication sessions without connection to the 5G network is only possible with non-3GPP provided credentials. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.38.2.4 Discovery | The 5G system shall enable a UE or non-3GPP device in a CPN or PIN to discover other UEs or non-3GPP devices within the same CPN or PIN subject to acess rights.
The 5G system shall efficiently support service discovery mechanisms where a UE or non-3GPP device in a CPN or PIN can discover, subject to access rights:
- availability and reachability of other entities (e.g. other UEs or non-3GPP devices) on the CPN or PIN;
- capabilities of other entities on the CPN (e.g. PRAS, eRG) or PIN (e.g. relay UE, connection types) and/or;
- services provided by other entities on the CPN or PIN (e.g. the entity is a printer).The 5G system shall support a mechanism for an Authorised Administrator to indicate whether a PIN element is discoverable by other PIN elements of the same PIN.
The 5G system shall support a mechanism for an Authorised Administrator to indicate whether a PIN element is discoverable by UEs that are not members of the PIN. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.38.2.5 Relay Selection | In addition to the relay selection requirements in 6.9.2.4, relay selection within a PIN is enabled for both UEs and non-3GPP device and supports the additional selection criteria:
- The 5G system shall support a mechanism for a PIN Element to select a relay for PIN direct connection that enables access to the target PIN Element. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.38.2.6 Security | The 5G system shall provide user privacy; location privacy, identity protection and communication confidentiallity for non-3GPP devices and UEs that are using the PIN Element with Gateway Capability, eRG or PRAS.
NOTE 1: Privacy protection should not block differentiated routing and QoS for different destinations and services for the UE(s).
The 5G system shall support a mechanism to minimize the security risk of communications using an eRG.
The 5G system shall enable the network operator associated with an eRG to control the security policy of an eRG.
The 5G system shall support a mechanism to minimize the security risk of communications via a PRAS.
The PRAS (and its associated backhaul connectivity) shall provide a level of security equivalent to regular 5G base stations.
The 5G system shall enable the network operator associated with the Premises Radio Access Station (PRAS) to control the security policy of the PRAS.
The 5G system shall support authentication of a UE with 3GPP credentials for communication with entities (UEs, non-3GPP devices) in a CPN.
NOTE 2: To support this functionality the CPN needs to be connected with the 5G core network.
The 5G system shall provide support for a network operator to authenticate a PRAS.
The 5G system shall provide support for a network operator to authorize a PRAS for its use in a CPN.
The 5G system shall support a PIN Element using non operator managed credentials (e.g. provided by a third party) for performing communications within the PIN when those communications use PIN direct connections.
The 5G system shall support a mechanism to mitigate repeated and unauthorized attempts to access PIN Elements (e.g. mitigate a malicious flood of messages). |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.38.2.7 QoS | The 5G system shall support real time E2E QoS monitoring and control for any intra-CPN data traffic to or from a UE (i.e. via eRG or via PRAS and eRG).
The 5G system shall support real time E2E QoS monitoring and control for any data traffic between a UE within a CPN and the 5G network (i.e. via eRG or via PRAS and eRG).
6.38.2.8 Charging
The 5G system shall support charging data collection for data traffic to/from individual UEs in a CPN or PIN (i.e., UEs behind the PIN Element with Gateway Capability or eRG and/or PRAS).
The 5G system shall be able to generate charging data that can differentiate between backhaul for the PRAS and other data traffic over the same access. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.38.2.9 Creation and Management | The 5G system shall support a mechanism for the network operator to provision an eRG with:
- policies on which transport (e.g. wireless, cable, etc.) is best suited for different negotiated QoS levels,
- authentication credentials,
- identification,
- initial OA&M information, and
- associated subscription
The 5G system shall enable the network operator to configure a PRAS with:
- radio settings pertaining to licensed spectrum,
- authentication credentials,
- identification,
- initial OA&M information, and
- associated subscription.
Subject to operator policy, the 5G system shall enable the Authorised Administrator to provision a PRAS with UE access considerations (allowing all UEs, or allowing specific UEs only)
The 5G system shall provide a mechanism for the Authorised Administrator to trigger initial provisioning of an eRG.
The 5G system shall provide a mechanism for the Authorised Administrator to trigger initial provisioning of a PRAS.
The 5G system shall support mechanisms for a network operator or authorized 3rd party (e.g., a PIN User) to create, remove and manage a PIN, including:
- Authorizing/deauthorizing PIN Elements;
- Authorizing/deauthorizing PIN Elements with Management Capability;
- Authorizing/deauthorizing PIN Elements with Gateway Capability;
- Establishing duration of the PIN;
- Configure PIN Elements to enable service discovery of other PIN Elements;
- Authorize/deauthorise if a PIN Element can use a PIN Element with Gateway Capability to communicate with the 5GS;
- Authorize/deauthorise for a PIN Element(s):
- which other PIN Element it can communicate with,
- which applications/service or service in that PIN it can access,
- which PIN Element it can use as a relay.
- Authorize/deauthorise a UE to perform service discovery of PIN Elements over the 5G network;
- Configure a PIN Element for external connectivity e.g.via 5G system;
NOTE1: The authorization can include the consideration of the location and time validity of the PIN and its PIN elements.
The 5G system shall support a mechanism to enable a UE that is not a PIN Element of the PIN or a non-3GPP device that is not a PIN element of the PIN to request to join the PIN.
The 5G system shall support mechanisms for a network operator to configure the following policies in a PIN:
- Configure the connectivity type (e.g. licensed, unlicensed PIN direct connection) a PIN Element can use.
5G system shall be able to support mechanism to provide life span information of the PIN to the authorized 3rd party or the PIN elements when the PIN is created for limited time span.
The 5G system shall provide means to control which UEs can connect to a PRAS.
The 5G system shall support mechanisms to provision a PIN Element to use either licensed (under control of a MNO) or unlicensed spectrum (may be under the control of the MNO, or not) (e.g., when it has no connectivity to the 5G system). |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.39 5G IMS Multimedia Telephony Service | |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.39.1 Description | The 5G system is expected to support advanced capabilities and performance of enhanced IMS multimedia telephony service to meet new demands from consumers, business customers and vertical markets. Nowadays 3GPP has introduced new network capabilities and new types of devices (e.g. AR/VR/XR devices, robot, etc.), which can bring promising improvements to IMS multimedia telephony service. While more and more individual consumers enjoy multimedia telephony services across the globe, multimedia telephony services become popular also among business customers. There are several primary business functions that organizations use multimedia telephony services for, including internal communication, talking with prospects (sales call), contacting current customers and clients, customer support, and contact centre (or call centre) activities. While business customers consider the multimedia telephony services offer attractive features to their business, they also experience some practical issues that expect support from the 5G system. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.39.2 General | The following set of requirements complement the requirements listed in 3GPP TS 22.173 [37].
The IMS multimedia telephony service shall support AR media processing. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.39.3 Service Exposure | Requirements in this clause are subject to regulatory requirements and operator policy.
The 5G system shall provide means to allow a trusted third-party to update the multimedia telephony service subscription and allocate a third-party specific identity to an authorized user.
NOTE: The third party is authorized to change user identities for those subscriptions authorized by the operator.
The following requirements apply to the originating side:
- The 5G network shall provide a means for third parties (e.g. enterprises) to be authorized to verify the use of calling identity information by its authorized users.
- The 5G network shall provide a means for authorized third parties to verify that an authenticated user is authorized to include or reference the pre-established calling identity information included in the call setup or retrieved by the called party.
- The 5G network shall provide a means to verify the authenticity of the pre-established stored identity information that is referenced by the call setup and retrieved by the called party.
The following requirements apply to the terminating side.
- The 5G network shall provide a means for third parties (e.g. enterprises) to be able to verify the caller’s authorization to use the identity information either in addition to or instead of verification performed by the terminating PLMN.
- The 5G network shall provide a means to verify the authenticity of any stored identity information referenced by the call setup to be presented to the called party. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.40 AI/ML model transfer in 5GS | |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.40.1 Description | Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (ML) is being used in a range of application domains across industry sectors. In mobile communications systems, mobile devices (e.g. smartphones, automotive, robots) are increasingly replacing conventional algorithms (e.g. speech recognition, image recognition, video processing) with AI/ML models to enable applications. The 5G system can at least support three types of AI/ML operations:
- AI/ML operation splitting between AI/ML endpoints
The AI/ML operation/model is split into multiple parts according to the current task and environment. The intention is to offload the computation-intensive, energy-intensive parts to network endpoints, whereas leave the privacy-sensitive and delay-sensitive parts at the end device. The device executes the operation/model up to a specific part/layer and then sends the intermediate data to the network endpoint. The network endpoint executes the remaining parts/layers and feeds the inference results back to the device.
- AI/ML model/data distribution and sharing over 5G system
Multi-functional mobile terminals might need to switch the AI/ML model in response to task and environment variations. The condition of adaptive model selection is that the models to be selected are available for the mobile device. However, given the fact that the AI/ML models are becoming increasingly diverse, and with the limited storage resource in a UE, it can be determined to not pre-load all candidate AI/ML models on-board. Online model distribution (i.e. new model downloading) is needed, in which an AI/ML model can be distributed from a NW endpoint to the devices when they need it to adapt to the changed AI/ML tasks and environments. For this purpose, the model performance at the UE needs to be monitored constantly.
- Distributed/Federated Learning over 5G system
The cloud server trains a global model by aggregating local models partially-trained by each end devices. Within each training iteration, a UE performs the training based on the model downloaded from the AI server using the local training data. Then the UE reports the interim training results to the cloud server via 5G UL channels. The server aggregates the interim training results from the UEs and updates the global model. The updated global model is then distributed back to the UEs and the UEs can perform the training for the next iteration. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.40.2 Requirements | |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.40.2.1 Requirements for direct network connection | Based on operator policy, the 5G system shall be able to provide means to allow an authorized third-party to monitor the resource utilisation of the network service that is associated with the third-party.
NOTE 1: Resource utilization in the preceding requirement refers to measurements relevant to the UE’s performance such as the data throughput provided to the UE.
Based on operator policy, the 5G system shall be able to provide an indication about a planned change of bitrate, latency, or reliability for a QoS flow to an authorized 3rd party so that the 3rd party AI/ML application is able to adjust the application layer behaviour if time allows. The indication shall provide the anticipated time and location of the change, as well as the target QoS parameters.
Based on operator policy, 5G system shall be able to provide means to predict and expose predicted network condition changes (i.e. bitrate, latency, reliability) per UE, to an authorized third party.
Subject to user consent, operator policy and regulatory constraints, the 5G system shall be able to support a mechanism to expose monitoring and status information of an AI-ML session to a 3rd party AI/ML application.
NOTE 2: Such mechanism is needed for AI/ML application to determine an in-time transfer of AI/ML model.
5G system shall be able to provide event alerting to an authorized 3rd party, together with a predicted time of the event (e.g., alerting about traffic congestion or UE moving into/out of a different geographical area).
NOTE 3: A 3rd party AI/ML application may use the prediction information to minimize disturbance in the transfer of learning data and AI/ML model data.
The 5G system shall be able to expose aggregated QoS parameter values for a group of UEs to an authorized service provider.
The 5G system shall be able to support an authorised 3rd party to change aggregated QoS parameter values associated with a group of UEs, e.g. UEs of a FL group.
Subject to user consent, operator policy and regulatory requirements, the 5G system shall be able to expose information (e.g. candidate UEs) to an authorized 3rd party to assist the 3rd party to determine member(s) of a group of UEs (e.g. UEs of a FL group). |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.40.2.2 Requirements for direct device connection | Based on user consent, operator policy and trusted 3rd party request, the 5G system shall support a means to authorize specific UEs to transmit data (e.g. AI-ML model data for a specific application,) via direct device connection in a certain location and time.
Based on user consent, operator policy, and trusted 3rd party’s request, the 5G system shall be able to provide means for an operator to authorize specific UEs who participate in the same service (e.g. for the same AI-ML FL task) to exchange data with each other via direct device connection, e.g. when direct network connection cannot fulfil the required QoS.
Based on user consent, operator policy and trusted 3rd party request, the 5G system shall be able to dynamically add or remove specific UEs to/from the same service (e.g. a AI-ML federated learning task) when communicating via direct device connection.
Based on user consent and operator policy, the 5G system shall be able to provide means for the network to configure and modify remote UEs’ communication QoS, when a relay UE is involved, e.g., to satisfy end to end latency for proximity-based work task offloading.
NOTE: for proximity-based work task offloading, the data packet size transmitted over the sidelink and Uu parts of the UE indirect network connection can be different.
Subject to user consent and operator policy, the 5G system shall be able to support configuration of the QoS (e.g., latency, reliability, data rate) of a communication path using direct device connection, e.g., for AI-ML data transfer.
Based on user consent, operator policy and trusted 3rd party request, the 5G system shall be able to support means to monitor the QoS characteristics (e.g. data rate, latency) of traffic transmitted via direct device connection or relayed by a UE, and 5G network expose the monitored information to the 3rd party.
NOTE: The monitoring information doesn’t include user position-related data.
Subject to user consent, operator policy and trusted 3rd party request, the 5G system shall be able to provide means the network to predict and expose QoS information changes for UEs’ traffic using direct or indirect network connection (e.g., bitrate, latency, reliability).The 5G system shall be able to support a mechanism for a trusted third-party to negotiate with the 5G system for a suitable QoS for direct device connections of multiple UEs exchanging data with each other (e.g. a group of UEs using the same AI-ML service).
Based on user consent, operator policy and trusted 3rd party’s request, the 5G system shall be able to support and provision an aggregated QoS for multiple remote UEs served by a relay UE.
Based on user consent, operator policy and trusted 3rd party’s request, the 5G system shall be able to support configuring specific QoS limitations applied to multiple UEs communicating via direct device connection (e.g. part of a joint AI-ML inference task).
NOTE: the above requirement assumes unicast type of communication.
Subject to user consent, regulation, trusted 3rd party’s request and operator policy, the 5G network shall be able to expose information to assist the 3rd party to determine candidate UEs for data transmission via direct device connection (e.g. for AIML model transfer for a specific application).
NOTE: the information does not include user’s specific positioning and can include QoS information
Subject to user consent, operator policy, regulation and trusted 3rd party’s request, the 5G network shall be able to expose information of certain UEs using the same service to the 3rd party (e.g. to assist a joint AIML task of UEs in a specific area using direct device communication)
NOTE: the information does not include user’s exact positioning information.
The 5G system shall be able to support charging mechanisms for multiple UEs exchanging data for the same service using the direct device connection (e.g. for AI-ML applications). |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.41 Providing Access to Local Services | |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.41.1 Description | Providing access to local services refers to the capability to provide access to a hosting network and a set of services offered by the hosting network provider, and 3rd party service providers including other network operators and 3rd party application providers. The services can be localized (i.e. provided at specific/limited area) and can be bounded in time. The user can become aware of the available access to local services, and the process to gain and terminate access to the hosting network and local services. This process should be efficient, and convenient from a user experience standpoint.
Providing access to local services creates new opportunities for users and service providers. For example, access can be provided in areas where there is no coverage provided by other networks (for example, on a fairground established far from other infrastructure), or the access and local services can be established as needed (on a short-term basis), without the need for long term business relationships, permanently installed equipment, etc.
The type of local services and access for localized services via a hosting network can be promoted and arranged through different channels. Principally the service providers (e.g., brick and mortar businesses, entertainment venues, construction contractors, first responder agencies, etc.) will provide information and proper incentive or instructions to potential users so that they will seek to access the local services via hosting networks. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.41.2 Requirements | |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.41.2.1 General | In the requirements below, it is assumed that:
- Both the home network and the hosting network can be a PLMN or NPN.
- Only subscribers of a public network can roam into a PLMN. Examples of interworking scenarios between network operators and application providers for localized services are indicated in Annex H. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.41.2.2 Configuration of Localized Services in Hosting Network | NOTE: The term “Service provider of localized services” includes also 3rd party service provider.
The 5G system shall support suitable mechanisms to allow automatically establishing localized service agreements for a specific occasion (time and location) and building temporary relationship among hosting network operator and other service providers including network operators or 3rd party application providers.
The 5G system shall support means for the service provider to request the hosting network via standard mechanisms to provide access to 3rd party services at a specific period of time and location. This period of time shall be flexible, so that a change in service provision can be decided at any time (e.g., to cancel or prolong local services in the locality of service delivery) based on localized services agreements.
Based on localized services agreements, the 5G system shall provide suitable means to allow the service provider to request and provision various localized service requirements, including QoS, expected/maximum number of users, event information for discovery, network slicing, required IP connectivity etc, and routing policies for the application of the localized services via the hosting network.
The 5G system shall support means for a hosting network to create policies and configure resources for the requested time and location for the 3rd party services based on the received request.
The 5G system shall support means for a hosting network to notify the service provider of the accepted service parameters and routing policies.
Subject to regulatory requirements and localized service agreements, the 5G system shall allow a home network operator to automatically negotiate policies with the hosting network for allowing the home network’s subscribers to connect at a specific occasion, e.g., time and location, for their home network services.
Subject to the automatic localized services agreements between the hosting network operator and home network operator, for UE with only home network subscription and with authorization to access hosting networks the 5G system shall support:
- access to the hosting network and use home network services or selected localized services via the hosting network,
- seamless service continuity for home network services or selected localized services when moving between two hosting networks or a host network and the home network.
The 5G system shall support a mechanism to enable configuration of a network that provides access to localized services such that the services can be limited in terms of their spatial extent (in terms of a particular topology, for example a single cell), as specified by a service provider of localized services.
The 5G system shall support a mechanism to enable configuration of a network that provides access to localized services such that the services can be limited in terms of the resources or capacity available, to correspond to requirements that apply only to the locality of service delivery, as specified by a service provider of localized services.
The 5G system shall support means for a hosting network to provide a 3rd party service provider with information for automatic discovery of the hosting network by the UEs to allow access to specific 3rd party services.
The 5G system shall support secure mechanisms to allow a home network to coordinate with a hosting network for a subscriber to temporarily access the hosting network (e.g., based on temporary credentials) at a given time (start time and duration) and location. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.41.2.3 User Manual Selection of Localized Services via Hosting Network | The hosting network shall allow a UE to manually select temporary localized services which are provided via local breakout at the hosting network.
NOTE: Localized services which are provided via local breakout at the hosting network can be based on interworking scenarios for hosting network owned/collaborative services as indicated in Annex H. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.41.2.4 UE Configuration, Provisioning, Authentication and Authorization | Subject to localized services agreements, the 5G system shall enable a home network operator to authorize a UE for using its home network services via a hosting network for a certain period of time and/or location.
The 5G system shall allow a trusted 3rd party service provider to provide UEs with localized service policy (e.g., QoS, network slice in the hosting or home network, service restriction such as time and location) via the hosting network or the UE’s home network.
The 5G system shall enable a UE to use credentials provided by the hosting network with or without coordination with the home network of the UE, to make use of localized services via the hosting network with a certain time (including starting time and the duration) and location validity.
The 5G system shall be able to allow the home network to steer its UE(s) to a hosting network with the consideration of the location, times, coverage of the hosting network and services offered by the home network and hosting network.
The 5G system shall provide support to enable secure means to authenticate and authorize a user of a UE accessing a hosting network, including cases in which a UE has no subscription to the hosting network and still needs to get authorized to use localized services via the hosting network.
NOTE: It can be assumed that a network provider deploying a hosting network has access to respective identification information about the user, e.g., through a separate registration process outside the scope of 3GPP.
The 5G system shall be able to authenticate and authorize the UE of a user authenticated to a hosting network to access the hosting network and its localized services on request of a service provider. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.41.2.5 UE Discovery, Selection and Access | Subject to operator’s policy and agreement between a 3rd party service provider and operator, the 5G system shall enable a UE to receive and use configuration provided by a 3rd party service provider to discover and access a hosting network and localized services, including the considerations of prior service agreement with a 3rd party service provider and no prior subscription to hosting network. If the UE is able to obtain services from two networks simultaneously, it may additionally select the hosting network. If the UE cannot maintain the connection to the home network while selecting the hosting network, the selection shall only be done on request by the user, i.e., using manual selection.
The 5G system shall support secure means for a UE to select and access localized services which may be provided by a 3rd party service provider via a hosting network, independent of prior subscription to the hosting network or 3rd party service provider.
The 5G system shall enable the home network to allow a UE to automatically select a hosting network for accessing localized services when specified conditions (e.g., predefined time, location) are fulfilled.
The 5G system shall be able to prevent a UE to re-access the hosting network after the localized services were terminated if the authorization for the localized services is no longer valid (e.g., can be based on certain conditions such as time or location of the user).
The 5G system may support means for a UE which may or may not have prior subscription to the hosting network to display human readable information on how to gain access to the hosting network and available 3rd party services.
The 5G system shall support a mechanism to allow a user to manually select a specific local hosting network.
NOTE: Additional information can be presented to the user to facilitate the manual network selection.
The 5G system shall be able to limit access of specific UEs to a configurable area of a hosting network's coverage area.
The 5G system shall be able to maintain privacy of a user against the hosting network while the UE does not make use of the hosting network, for example, to prevent tracking of UEs by hosting networks.
The 5G system shall enable the home network to instruct a UE to select a hosting network with certain conditions (e.g., predefined time, location) based on the request from a service provider.
The 5G system shall enable the home network to allow a UE to select a hosting network or change to another hosting network, without any additional user intervention as long as the delivered services, both localized services and home routed services, are unchanged. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.41.2.6 Hosting Network Localized Services and Home Operator Services | The 5G system shall enable the home network operator to indicate to the UE what services are preferred to be used from the home network when the UE connects to a hosting network and the requested services are available from both the hosting and the home network.
Based on localized service agreements, the hosting network shall be able to provide required connectivity and QoS for a UE simultaneously connected to the hosting network for localized services and its home network for home network services.
A UE shall be able to connect to its home network via the hosting network, if supported by the hosting network and the home network based on localized service agreements. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.41.2.7 Returning to Home Network | The 5G system shall provide mechanisms to mitigate user plane and control plane overload caused by a high number of UEs returning from a temporary local access of a hosting network to their home network in a very short period of time.
The 5G system shall provide mechanisms to minimize the impact on the UEs communication e.g., to prevent user plane and control plane outages when returning to a home network together with other high number of UEs in a very short period of time, after terminating their temporary local access to a hosting network. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.41.2.8 Charging | The 5G system shall be able to collect charging information for the use of localized services at the hosting network and provide the charging records to UEs’ home operators based on localized service agreements and charging policies provided by the service providers of localized services.
6.41.2.9 Regulatory Services
A hosting network using the 5G system shall be able to support regulatory services (e.g., PWS, LI, and emergency calls), based on regional/national regulatory requirements. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.41.2.10 Multicast/Broadcast | The operator of a hosting network shall support a mechanism allowing different service providers of localized services to disseminate their services and content over broadcast/multicast transport. This mechanism should also provide means to include diverse content in the same transmission, e.g., to include advertisements with other content, or to include multiple content in the same media delivered to the user.
A hosting network shall provide multicast and broadcast services in an energy efficient manner to UEs receiving this service.
A hosting network shall support resource efficient content delivery through multicast/broadcast.
A hosting network shall support a mechanism to provide low latency signalling for efficient content delivery to many UEs.
Subject to home operator policy, a hosting network shall be able to prioritize specific multicast and broadcast services for local access over home routed access, even if the same service is available in both networks. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.42 Mobile base station relays | |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.42.1 Description | The requirements below refer to a “mobile base station relay”, which is a mobile base station acting as a relay between a UE and the 5G network, i.e. providing a NR access link to UEs and connected wirelessly (using NR) through a donor NG-RAN to the 5G Core. Such mobile base station relay is assumed to be mounted on a moving vehicle and serve UEs that can be located inside or outside the vehicle (or entering/leaving the vehicle).
NOTE: The radio link used between a mobile base station relay and served UEs, as well as between mobile base station relay and donor RAN, is assumed to be NR-Uu; in that regard, it should be clear that a mobile base station relay is different than a UE relay (which uses instead a PC5-based link to provide indirect connection to remote UEs).
Few main underlying assumptions are:
- requirements cover single-hop relay scenarios as baseline (multi-hop is not precluded);
- legacy UEs are supported;
- other stage-1 requirements (e.g. on wireless self-backhaul), as well as existing stage-2/3 functionalities and architecture options (e.g. IAB) do not assume or address full relay mobility (e.g. relays on board of moving vehicles), thus cannot cover the requirements below, which are intended to be specific to mobile base station relays;
- the identified requirements do not intend to imply or exclude specific network/relay architectures and topology solutions (e.g. could be IAB based, or others);
- the MNO managing mobile base station relays, and the RAN/5GC they connect to, can be a PLMN or an NPN operator. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.42.2 Requirements | The 5G system shall support efficient operation of mobile base station relays.
The 5G system shall be able to support means, for a mobile network operator, to configure, provision and control the operation of a mobile base station relay, e.g. activation/deactivation, permitted location(s) or time of operation.
The 5G system shall be able to support provisioning and configuration mechanisms to control UEs’ selection and access to a mobile base station relay, e.g. based on UE’s authorization, geographic or temporary restrictions, relay’s load.
The 5G system shall be able to support RAN sharing between multiple PLMNs for UEs connected to the 5G network via mobile base station relays.
NOTE 1: the above requirement assumes both relay and (donor) RAN resources, including UE access link and relay backhaul link, are shared among operators.
The 5G system shall be able to configure and provision specific required QoS for traffic relayed via a mobile base station relay.
NOTE 2: QoS is end-to-end, i.e. from UE to 5GC.
Subject to regulatory requirements and based on operator policy, the 5G system shall support means to configure and expose monitoring information of a mobile base station relay to an MNO’s authorized third-party.
The 5G system shall be able to provide means to optimize network behaviour to efficiently deliver data based on the mobility information (e.g., itinerary), known or predicted, of mobile base station relays.
The 5G system shall be able to support communication from/to users of one MNO (MNO-A) via mobile base station relays, where the traffic between the relay and the MNO-A network is transported using 5G connectivity (RAN and 5GC) provided by a different MNO (MNO-B).
NOTE 3: The 5G connectivity provided to the MNO-A relays by the different MNO (MNO-B) assumes a generic wireless backhaul transport, independent from the mobile base station relay functionalities.
The 5G system shall be able to support UEs connectivity to RAN using simultaneously, a link without mobile base station relay and a link via a mobile base station relay, or simultaneous links via different mobile base station relays.
NOTE 4: The above requirements cover scenarios were the two links (to the RAN) could be connected to the same or different RAN node(s), and assuming both relay(s) and RAN belong to the same PLMN.
The 5G system shall be able to provide means to support efficient UE cell selection and cell reselection (between mobile base station relays or between relays and RAN) in the presence of mobile base station relays.
The 5G system shall be able to ensure end-to-end service continuity, in the presence of mobile base station relays.
NOTE 5: The above requirement intends to cover different scenarios of UE mobility (e.g. UE moving between two mobile base station relays, or between macro RAN and relay) and relay mobility (e.g. base station relay moving between different donor RAN nodes).
The 5G system shall be able to support mechanisms to optimize mobility and energy efficiency for UEs located in a vehicle equipped with a base station relay.
NOTE 6: The above requirements cover scenarios where mobile base station relays provide 5G access for both UEs in the vehicle and around the vehicle.
The 5G system shall be able to support incremental deployment of connectivity by means of one or a series of mobile base station relays for use only in specific locations where UEs would receive no other 3GPP access (terrestrial or non-terrestrial) coverage, e.g., for public safety scenarios.
The 5G system shall be able to support mobile base station relays using 3GPP satellite NG-RAN (NR satellite access).
The 5G system shall be able to support mobile base station relays accessing to 5GC via NR satellite access and NR terrestrial access simultaneously.
The 5G system shall be able to support service continuity for mobile base station relays using at least one 3GPP satellite NG-RAN.
NOTE 7: This requirement applies to scenarios where there is a transition between two 3GPP NG-RAN, operated by the same MNO, involving at least one 3GPP satellite NG-RAN.
The 5G system shall be able to identify and differentiate UEs’ traffic carried via a mobile base station relay and collect charging information, including specific relay information (e.g. geographic location served by the relay).
The 5G system shall support means for a mobile base station relay to have a certain subscription with a HPLMN, used to get access and connectivity to the HPLMN network (via a donor RAN).
The 5G system shall support the ability of a base station relay to roam from its HPLMN into a VPLMN.
The 5G system shall support mechanisms, for the HPLMN controlling a mobile base station relay, to enable/disable mobile relay operation if the relay is roaming in a VPLMN.
The 5G system shall support mechanisms to disable mobile relay operation by a VPLMN where a mobile base station relay is roaming to.
The 5G system shall be able to fulfil necessary regulatory requirements (e.g. for support of emergency services) when UEs access the 3GPP network via a mobile base station relay.
The 5G system shall be able to support priority services (e.g. MPS) when UEs access the 3GPP network via a mobile base station relay.
The 5G system shall be able to support location services for the UEs accessing 5GS via a mobile base station relay.
The 5G system shall ensure that existing end-to-end 5G security between the UE and 3GPP network is unaffected when the UE accesses the 3GPP network via a mobile base station relay.
The 5G system shall be able to minimize radio interference possibly caused by mobile base station relays.
The 5G system shall minimize the impact of the presence of mobile base station relays on radio network management (e.g. through automatic neighbour cell list configuration). |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.43 Tactile and multi-modal communication service | |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.43.1 Description | The tactile and multi-modal communication service can be applied in multiple fields, e.g. industry, robotics and telepresence, virtual reality, augmented reality, healthcare, road traffic, serious gaming, education, culture and smart grid [38]. These services support applications enabling input from more than one sources and/or output to more than one destinations to convey information more effectively. As figure 6.43.1-1 illustrates, the input and output can be different modalities including:
• Video/Audio media;
• Information received by sensors about the environment, e.g. brightness, temperature, humidity, etc.;
• Haptic data: can be feelings when touching a surface (e.g., pressure, texture, vibration, temperature), or kinaesthetic senses (e.g. gravity, pull forces, sense of position awareness).
Figure 6.43.1-1. Multi-modal interactive system
For immersive multi-modal VR applications, synchronization between different media components is critical in order to avoid having a negative impact on the user experience (i.e. viewers detecting lack of synchronization), particularly when the synchronization threshold between two or more modalities is less than the latency KPI for the application. Example synchronization thresholds [41] [42] [43] [44] are summarised in table 6.43.1-1.
Table 6.43.1-1: Typical synchronization thresholds for immersive multi-modality VR applications
Media components
synchronization threshold (note 1)
audio-tactile
audio delay:
50 ms
tactile delay:
25 ms
visual-tactile
visual delay:
15 ms
tactile delay:
50 ms
NOTE 1: for each media component, “delay” refers to the case where that media component is delayed compared to the other. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.43.2 Requirements | The 5G system shall enable an authorized 3rd party to provide policy(ies) for flows associated with an application. The policy may contain e.g. the set of UEs and data flows, the expected QoS handling and associated triggering events, other coordination information.
The 5G system shall support a means to apply 3rd party provided policy(ies) for flows associated with an application. The policy may contain e.g. the set of UEs and data flows, the expected QoS handling and associated triggering events, other coordination information.
NOTE: The policy can be used by a 3rd party application for coordination of the transmission of multiple UEs’ flows (e.g., haptic, audio and video) of a multi-modal communication session. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.44 Roaming value-added services | |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.44.1 Description | |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.44.1.1 Overview | Roaming value-added services (RVAS) form part of the roaming services ecosystem and have traditionally been provided by either the PLMN or outsourced to a fully trusted entity. The RVAS provider acting on behalf of the PLMN could be any trusted 3rd party. The RVAS described here are all RVAS enabled by the PLMN for 5GS roaming. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.44.1.2 Welcome SMS | The “Welcome SMS” service sends a SMS to a roaming subscriber’s UE when the UE is registered in a new network for the first time. The SMS typically follows a predefined template and is sent on behalf of the home operator and may contain relevant information related to the visited country, e.g., the cost to call home, how to reach the operator’s customer service, local emergency services number, etc. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.44.1.3 Steering of Roaming (SoR) during the registration | The “Steering of Roaming (SoR) during the registration procedure” service makes the home operator able to steer a user to a certain network during the registration procedure when the user tries to register to a new (non-preferred) network.
NOTE: This functionality is different from Steering of Roaming described in clause 6.30, which aims to influence which network a UE would try to register on. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.44.1.4 Subscription-based routing to a particular core network (e.g. in a different country) | The “Subscription-based routing to a particular core network” service forwards the traffic from the HPLMN to a target PLMN. Some operators use more than one PLMN ID, e.g., multi-national operators. Due to certain business and operational demands, it might be necessary to route traffic of a certain customer segment, typically from a certain IMSI range of USIMs, of a PLMN to another PLMN and to further handle the subscriber there. This means the UE is not handled by the "real" HPLMN (according to MNC and MCC) but by some alternative PLMN.
This subscription-based routing enables the case where several national subsidiaries of a multi-national operator offer various services for different customer segments but for operational efficiency the actual service for a certain group is provided by only one dedicated network. |
ae111ecbab6e4b668cabf5bf3611373d | 22.261 | 6.44.2 Requirements |
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