q_id
stringlengths 5
6
| title
stringlengths 3
296
| selftext
stringlengths 0
34k
| document
stringclasses 1
value | subreddit
stringclasses 1
value | url
stringlengths 4
110
| answers
dict | title_urls
list | selftext_urls
list | answers_urls
list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
13ptbi
|
why does mcdonald's only offer breakfast until a certain time - wouldn't they profit more from selling all day?
|
This may seem a silly question, but I'm genuinely curious. It seems as though they would make more money by selling breakfast items at any time of day. Say I want some hash browns at 2pm or hotcakes for lunch. It's not difficult or time consuming for them prepare such simple items, and I'd be another customer they've gained and profited from. So what do they stand to gain by limiting such items to only be purchased in the morning?
I ask here because I'm guessing that there may be some type of consumer psychology or something like that that's not immediately obvious rather than just to make it easier for the staff, or because breakfast foods are typically eaten in the morning.
Edit: Thank you for the answers! I appreciate the detail. Slightly disappointed that there's not some brilliant business plan behind it all though :(
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/13ptbi/eli5_why_does_mcdonalds_only_offer_breakfast/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c761ug0",
"c761v9y",
"c762lv1",
"c763j62",
"c7648ul",
"c764bbz",
"c764gwn",
"c764nnd",
"c764qet",
"c764tca",
"c764ufu",
"c764yj1",
"c764z26",
"c764z3f",
"c765lte",
"c765pp7",
"c766jbu",
"c767130",
"c7675ls",
"c767fqj",
"c767h31",
"c767nk4",
"c7681kf",
"c7689zu",
"c768coz",
"c768me4",
"c76927a",
"c76a5s2",
"c76aezd",
"c76b728",
"c76bjeb",
"c76bre6",
"c76buib",
"c76cfz3",
"c76ewad",
"c76gvgq"
],
"score": [
78,
783,
157,
11,
5,
6,
4,
2,
2,
2,
4,
2,
2,
31,
2,
10,
14,
2,
2,
2,
3,
2,
2,
3,
2,
2,
19,
2,
5,
3,
2,
2,
2,
2,
6,
2
],
"text": [
"Actually, the McDonald's I worked at would sell hot cakes all day, since they were just microwaved.\n\nThe problem with having the rest of the breakfast menu available is that they'd need twice as many items prepared and ready to be sold, and most of the breakfast items likely wouldn't be very popular, so there'd be a lot more waste. They assemble all the sandwiches upon being ordered, but the meat's been cooked in advance, and the hash browns fried already, and all that has a limited time it can be stored before having to be tossed. Either they make very few of each item and risk a long wait if a customer orders too many, or they throw away a lot.",
"From someone who worked at McDonald's, I can say it's food safety issues and efficiency. Eggs are cooked at a lower temperature than the beef and chicken on the grills, and there is only so much grill space. If they were to do that, everything would take slightly longer and slow things down. That and food safety issues with cooking stuff",
"As others have said, it takes an entire different set up to make breakfast food. To go into more detail, these are some of the things that are different.\n\n1. The egg cooker, or grill dedicated to eggs. If the store uses an egg cooker (which is a small, mobile grill with plastic or silicone rings to make round eggs) they need to have the space to have it running all day. Furthermore it is a bitch to clean and must be completely disassembled to do so. If using the grill then the grill must be set to a lower temp from everything else in the store, so you would still need grill space that could be used for something else during the day.\n\n2. Different utensils (sandwich assembly). At breakfast the eggs, steak, sausage and canadian bacon all need different tools to place them on the sandwiches. At lunch the beef, grilled chicken, selects/crispy and nuggets all use different utensils as well. If you had all of these set up at any one time it would get very, very complicated. When that happens you run the risk of cross contamination, and could run into things like chicken being handled with utensils meant for eggs and so forth. \n\n 2.5. Different utensils (grill side). The eggs, steak and sausage all need their own dedicated tools to be cooked to standard. These utensils are not used at any other time of the day, so to have them on hand would clutter the station and again, would run the risk of cross contamination. Here is a situation where you can really see the problem, because if some one in a rush were to grab the spatula used for raw eggs (breaking the yolks on round eggs before steaming) to pick up cooked beef, you would run a huge risk for causing food poisoning.\n\n3. cabinet space. Everything you order at McDonalds is assembled to order, but the food needed to assemble it is stored in a heated cabinet in trays. Lunch/dinner and breakfast have the cabinet set up completely different and every slot is being used. While you could, conceivably set up the cabinet to have room for both, it would mean you would have to spend more time cooking food and have less of a buffer. In this situation the store would need to have more people on the floor at all times, or run the risk of running out of food in a rush. If this were to happen people would have to wait longer for their food which would result in longer lines and probably lost sales. Furthermore, if you had a day where no one was ordering breakfast at lunch time (and you would have many of these days, I promise you) you would have to throw out a lot of breakfast food. The food in the cabinet can only sit so long before it has to be tossed and while some waste is to be expected after changeover (when they switch from breakfast food to lunch) the constant, almost guaranteed waste is just too much for any store to conceive of.\n\nThat said, there are some breakfast items you may be able to order all day long. Mainly hotcakes and burritos. The burritos are made ahead, and just need to be microwaved but sometimes they will sell all they have at breakfast time and it takes too long to make one special to order, so don't go in with your heart set on them. Hotcakes on the other hand are cooked to order, in the microwave, so you should be able to get them all day long. However, this depends on the store and, more importantly, how busy they are. If you go in at lunch time and there is a long line and you ask for hotcakes, you will probably be turned down simply because to make them up would take more time then any manager is willing to take for one customer. If you come in when they are slow then you stand a higher chance of getting them.\n\n ",
"Besides everything else that was mentioned I would assume it is also to bring customers in at earlier and less busier times of the day. They could make some adjustments to serve them all day, but then no one would feel the need to come eat there in the mornings so they can have the 'special' menu. ",
"My conspiracy theory is that if McD started to sell breakfast sandwiches all day nobody would buy the burgers. That's the case for me anyway. I don't like their burgers but don't mind the breakfast sandwich every now and then.",
"I assume it would not be more profitable. If people knew they could get breakfast whenever then it would not seem special to be able to rush there in the mornings and get it. If people wake up in time they go OMG WE GOTTA GET TO MCDONS! If they wake up at 3pm and are kinda hungry for an egg mcmuffin they go ehhhh we'll go tomorrow or somethin.",
"Personally, I don't like McDonald's breakfast. I ask the same question with a different meal: why doesn't McDonald's serve lunch food all day? Wouldn't they profit more from that, too? \n\nEither way I'm not a fan. I just like their fries. ",
"A side question: For those stores that are open 24/6, when does the transition from lunch/dinner to breakfast begin? I've never had a Mac Attack at 2 AM before, but I've always wondered when they start selling breakfast.",
"Haven't worked at a McDonalds, but my immediate guess would be that it's just not profitable. Otherwise, they probably would.\n\nTakes different capital (machinery, utensils, breakfast specific items) to make breakfast, and i'm sure this stuff has to be prepared ahead of time. Not only would it be time consuming, it'd probably make the lunch rush a lot more hectic. Now, if enough people showed signs of wanting all day breakfast, it'd be in McDonald's self interest to start gearing their kitchens towards that direction - maybe they do it now, but only hush-hush region dependent to test how it fairs.",
"I think it's mostly for factory-style efficiency",
"I'm more curious as to why they don't sell their normal items during the morning. There's been countless times I've gone to a fast food restaurant wanting a hamburger, only to find it was still too early and they were only serving breakfast. You'd think they'd do well to sell their normal items at breakfast as well.",
"Wouldn't it be an issue of using the same equipment for breakfast as lunch? Can't grill everything on the same grill.",
"I'd much rather get a cheeseburger at 7 a.m. than any of their breakfast items. I do appreciate Carl's Jr. for having a burger on their breakfast menu\ngiven it's topped with an egg it's pretty dam good.",
"***[The \"Breakfast at Any Cost\" Calculator™](_URL_0_)***",
"McDonald's by me just started offering breakfast starting at 12:00am (it's a 24 hour store). I think it might be a limited (mostly sandwiches) breakfast menu till 6:00am though.",
"McDonald's don't fuck around with that 10:30 deadline. I went through the drivethru for breakfast at 10:20. I waited until 10:28 to get my food. I poked through my bag and saw they made a mistake with my order. I parked and I went inside to request a fix. By the time I was acknowledged at the counter, it was 10:32. The refused to fix it, saying they don't serve breakfast after 10:30. I wanted to fly across that counter and punch that snotty bitch for the tone she used. I bet if I acted like a total dick instead of the meek socially awkward loser I usually am they'd have fixed it > :(",
"it was once revealed that mcdonalds is the 2nd largest buyer of pork. of course this is for their breakfast menu (sausage, bacon & canadian bacon). however, pork is expensive. so rather than serve pork all day, they limit the hours that they do sell it. when pork prices dip down, they add pork to the lunch menu in the form of the mcrib. when prices go back up, the mcrib is gone until \"next time\". so there is a little bit of a money issue there.",
"Everyone farts in the walk in. \n\nI hate people that order shit, well done; more like fucking burned. ",
"The more people they dedicate to \"cooking\" eggs and hash browns and shit, the fewer they have to cook burgers and fries - foods that the majority of people like to eat in the afternoon/evening.",
"[In Hong Kong, the Sausage and Egg is served all day...](_URL_0_)",
"Well... you see... huh....",
"Because it sucks. Breakfast service sucks. It takes a long time to crack the eggs, make the stuff etc. We only have space for one freezer, and that's either full of breakfast sausage, mcgriddles etc in the morning, or 3 types of meat etc in the afternoon. I cannot fathom making both types of food, we just don't have enough grills or even space!",
"Opportunity cost, bitches.",
"but why end at 10:30 though? i want more access to mcgriddles :(",
"mcd's is essentially a bunch of line cooks putting stuff together and there's limited space. if you do all day breakfast, you can't satisfy the people ordering the lunch/dinner menus.",
"they offering it at a specific time because it drives business up in otherwise slow hours. Also they have probably done hundreds of studies to figure out the perfect time to quit serving breakfast so that they do make the optimum level of profit every hour.",
"McDonald's manager here.\n\nThere are certain breakfast products that we serve all day, namely burritos (until we run out) and hot cakes (which we microwave). Hot cakes used to be cooked on the grill (and some locations still do) but in my franchise they come frozen and we thaw and microwave them.\n\nTo comply with food safety regulations, we can't cook different types of product on different grills without going through a fairly lengthy cleaning and sanitizing process (which happens during transition from breakfast to lunch). So I can only cook eggs on one section of the grill (and dairy is an allergen), steak on another section, and sausage, bacon, and Canadian bacon on another section. Once you throw chicken and burgers into the mix (and you need at least three grill sections for beef) you've run out of grill space, and you'd have to clean and sanitize every time you needed to switch products.\n\nSimilarly, we use either different toasters (or different toaster settings) for English muffins and bagels versus hamburger buns, so maintaining the ability to toast both would be prohibited by either time or space.\n\nLikewise, we have hot cabinets where we store cooked food before it's made into a sandwich and served. There's only so much room in these cabinets, and lunch takes up pretty much the entire available space (breakfast somewhat less). So we'd either have to make certain items to order (which takes time) or just not be able to store certain items.\n\nFinally, we really don't make that much money off of breakfast. Profit margins are WAY lower, even busy restaurants are slower during peak breakfast hours than they are during the lunch and sometimes even dinner hours. Breakfast food is also much more inexpensive than lunch items. So serving breakfast all day, assuming a similar number of customers, some of whom would buy breakfast food instead of the lunch food they would otherwise buy, would actually LOWER our sales totals.\n\nTl;dr: Not enough room on the grill or in the holding cabinets, and insufficient toasting capability. Sales totals would go down because breakfast food is cheaper.",
"man, I just want to open a restaurant called sausage-egg-mcmuffins-all-day-and-whitecastles-west-of-the-mississippi. next to a dispensary. ",
"Breakfast all day would sell like hotcakes.",
"This is my time to shine.\n\n(Adjusts tie, clears throat)\n\nAs told to me by my manager at McDonalds, the grass is always greener on the other side.\n\nEssentially, by limiting it only to the mornings it gives McDonalds breakfast a novelty. You have to be there in time for breakfast. Think Big Daddy, Adam Sandler says he hasn't been up for it in years. It makes you pay attention to the time, and makes you rush down there if you want it, rather than taking your time and thinking that making an omelet might be healthier and more frugal.\n\nThere is a business plan behind it. It makes sense.",
"Honestly, if it were more profitable, they'd already be doing it. There are people paid very, very well to maximize profitability, and if it were as easy as offering breakfast all day, they'd have figured it out by now.",
"I fucking HATE the McD breakfast.. In my city they don't sell the good stuff before 10am.. \n\nSo many hungover mornings counting the minutes until 9.45 when they start taking calls for delivery. ",
"I came here only to comment that this post struck a chord - the past two days I have planned to feast on a McDonald's biscuit for breakfast, yet woken up too late.\n\nFirst world problems...",
"I understand all the reasons why a place like McDonald's doesn't have breakfast available all day, but Subway baffles me. I love their bacon, egg and cheese sandwiches. The bacon is ready all day, the cheese is ready all day, it's the same bread and other fixings, all that's missing is the egg. But the egg is pre-cooked into these flat egg flapjack thingies, which are kept in the fridge, and microwaved to warm them up when you order a sandwich. As far as I can tell, it's really is no more work than making a chicken sandwich, unless you count bending over to get the egg from the mini-fridge.\n\nSo, why doesn't Subway offer egg all day? :/",
"McDonalds is always interesting to study because they're a shining example of having tuned their product to absolute perfection in the pursuit of profit. No other business IMO puts quite as much attention to detail into their approach as McDonalds, and somehow they also manage to apply it consistently across an entire world's geography and a franchise model (typically fraught with inconsistency) without missing a beat. So there's a lot to be learned from just figuring out why McD's do things in a particular way. Good or bad, it's usually for a very good reason.\n\nYou have to admire it really, being able to wander into a McDs in Houdslow or Hanoi and getting a consistent experience (with appropriate deference to local culture!) is an impressive spectacle to behold. McDs is McDs everywhere, and this is actually a fairly major reason why they do so well. Knowing McDs is a 'safe bet' leads to a lot of people seeking them out when they're hungry.\n\nFor the breakfasts, look what they produce. Most are substitutes of items on their normal day menu. McMuffins are burger buns. Sausage is a beef patty. Cheese is Cheese and Bacon is Bacon. Hash Browns are fries.\n\nProducing them is a minor re-tooling of the existing equipment found in every McDonalds. Shipping them requires the same form-factor and weights as the day menu. Selling them is a simple case of 'flipping the boards'.\n\nAbout the only place they strongly deviate is the drinks menu, where breakfast drinks are all hot water based. But that requires a fairly minor re-tooling to cope with and besides, people can order coffee/tea/choc through the day.\n\nThe downside of course is you can't handle an all-day breakfast. Your equipment past 10.30am is being used for the day menu, and mixing breakfast into that would require running stocks/processes in tandem that you haven't allowed for. Cook timings are likely to differ, and staff will become confused trying to work with both ingredient lists at one (believe it or not even for McDs, the human factor is very significant).\n\ntl;dr it's about making the best use of existing producton abilities and making things consistently available at each franchise location.",
"Three reasons: It's 1. Inefficient. 2. Unsanitary 3. Uneconomical.\n\n1. Inefficient: As it is, there's a \"transition\" stage, in between breakfast and regular menu, where the two menu items are still being made, simultaneously. Once this is over, all of the breakfast menu items that are prepared are thrown out. If breakfast was served all day, there would have to be breakfast items/meats ready all day, every day. All of that breakfast food would be sitting for a while, as not EVERYONE is going to be racing to Mcdonalds at 3 in the afternoon for a goddamned breakfast burrito. We're supposed to throw out all food after certain times (which hardly happens as it is), and having breakfast items sit even LONGER is just a way to have people complain about cold food.\n\nThis isn't even mentioning how much of a crisis it would be when there's a lunchtime rush, and there's two assholes who order from the breakfast menu and have to wait 30 minutes for the lunchtime food to be cooked, then switched to cook the breakfast food.\n\n2. Unsanitary: As I said, food needs to be thrown out after certain times. Not to surprise you guys: But like nobody really throws out their foods after their shelf life is over. The food is still \"good\", it's just not supposed to be served after so much time in the heating shelves. If breakfast was served 24/7, there would be the urge to just cook all the breakfast food during breakfast time, then use that for the rest of the day. McDonalds standards aside, letting food sit for 12+ hours, especially eggs, is not very sanitary. That being said, having to worry about sanitation of food would lead us back to the inefficiency of having to cook breakfast food sporadically daily.\n\n3. Uneconomical: This one is simple. Food costs money. Throwing away food is throwing away money. McDonald's could give two shits about starving kids in Africa and being concerned with their product waste, they just care that for every bun/burrito wrap/breakfast meat you have to toss, that's literally money being thrown away. To cook breakfast all day, there would have to be breakfast items at the ready in the front. The front cooler is *NOT* a freezer, and the items inside will thaw. Now, in my experience, we tend to be way more finicky when it comes to breakfast items, especially the eggs and chicken. Once we think it's close to being bad, we toss it. Having to have bags ALWAYS ready just means more thrown out. Same goes for preparing meat and such for breakfast items just for them to sit for hours and needing to be thrown out."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://breakfast.ortsz.com/"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMuffin#History"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
5w2r90
|
how do they get the colored tail behind the ball on tv while watching golf?
|
I was watching golf today and they often show a back view and while the ball is mid flight how do they get the tail to follow the ball while it is live?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5w2r90/eli5how_do_they_get_the_colored_tail_behind_the/
|
{
"a_id": [
"de6v5hl",
"de702yo"
],
"score": [
4,
3
],
"text": [
"To quote /u/Kowzorz from [this thread from last year](_URL_0_) \n\n > You can have a computer program look at the pixels on the screen and generate a \"true\" path by applying some vector math to the curve generated on screen. Then you can draw that curve from the perspective of the camera and overlay it on the screen.\nAlternately, you can just make a 2D curve overlayed on the screen where the pixels change and make the curve appear to move away (by being smaller) at a constant rate which is probably good enough for a simple visual.",
"Basically - just watch this video and it explains everything you're looking for. Especially when they talk about hockey. _URL_0_"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/answers/comments/3an14h/how_do_they_track_the_golfball_during_mid_flight/"
],
[
"https://youtu.be/1Oqm6eO6deU"
]
] |
|
74c0lo
|
what is this whole "ayn rand" stuff many people come across but "thought it was cool at 15 but got over it by 21"?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/74c0lo/eli5_what_is_this_whole_ayn_rand_stuff_many/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dnx3qil",
"dnx5c66",
"dnx6fo1",
"dnxc9d1"
],
"score": [
83,
23,
2,
4
],
"text": [
"Ayn Rand was an author whose major works (The Foutainhead, Atlas Shrugged) were largely focused on espousing her political views. Her political views consisted of something called \"objectivism\", which in its simplest form can be summarized as a kind of pure self-interest, and an opposition to anything which stopped the smartest and most capable from achieving the most they possibly could. Basically the view of Rapture in Bioshock (Ayn Rand's name can be found with \"Andrew Ryan\"). Low taxes, no welfare, lots of social darwinism.\n\nSo, the part that 15-year-olds like is that she was very much against all forms of societal restriction on individuals. No drinking age, no drug laws, no taboos about sex, just... Do your thing. And it's appealing if you think you're going to be one of those awesome people whose hard work would be coopted by the government and the poor and all those less awesome than you who just want a free lunch.\n\nWhen you get older *most* people realize that (a) that kind of success is luck of the draw both for your own abilities and for whether you will be put in a situation to put them to good use, and (b) they probably benefited from some of those government programs which Rand was against. Many who believe they are self-made learn to appreciate that they really aren't.",
"tl;dr: Not everyone gets to be an astronaut.\n\nAyn Rand wrote about her philosophy on life, which is called Objectivism. You will also here it called 'Rational Self Interest' as a simplification. \n\nHer idea was that society will function best when people are free to pursue their own happiness as best they are able, free from any limits of government. They will produce more, and better 'stuff' (in her books stuff can be everything from technology to hamburgers).\n\nWhatever free consenting adults want to do with themselves and each other is perfectly acceptable. \n\nBusinesses do not need regulation, because if they produce a bad product or are harmful to society as a whole, people will not buy from them and the business will fail. It is in their self interest to act in a rational moral manner. \n\nWhich sounds really good on paper.\n\nTwo main problems though:\n\n\n1: By the time you hit your mid twenties, most people realize that there is a huge problem with the \"rational\" part of the equation. \n\nYou can be *wrong* about what is the best action for you as a person to take. \n\nYour situation may not allow you to take that action (ability, time, resources, etc).\n\nHer writing glosses over this. Anyone who is not a titan of industry is shown to be a noble worker doing their absolute best and helping move society along, while working to improve their station in life. \n\nBut see the first line at the top. Toilets have to be cleaned, trash taken away. Not everyone gets to be an astronaut. When you become aware of that fact, the system looks a lot less fun.\n\n2: A business is not a person. A person running a company may make a choice which benefits them, but destroys everyone else. They benefit, and are happy, so there is no issue under Objectivism. \n\nBut when everyone does it, markets are not stable, and tend to crash a lot. It is not as efficient of a system. But you, usually, need some experience in the real world to see that. \n\nOr a formal education in philosophy, where you can analyse the system and see all of these faults, and more.",
"Nonsense reasoning for the myopically self-entitled. Don't expend your critical faculties bothering with it. It's witless rubbish, and Ayn Rand was exactly as much of a hypocritical shambles as any other self-revering psychopath who attempted to put big words around nothing. There's a reason why she's a bit of a laughing stock, and it isn't because anybody other than her acolytes has missed the point.",
"Ayn Rand paints a world where the elite are being held back because they have to carry the incompetent.\n\nWhen you are 15, that is a compelling message. Almost an adult, but still stuck doing what other people tell you. Naturally, you are one of the elite, but still have to do what the clueless adults say. Their ignorance is keeping you from reaching your true potential, and things will be so much better when you are free of them.\n\nThen around 25 (Rand is still pretty big with college students) you are on your own and discover life is kind of hard. Your band hasn't made it big, you big tech idea turned out to be lame and done before, and suddenly it isn't all about not being free to do what you want. And even if you are elite, you learn you also have to work real hard to make anything of that talent. You start think less of yourself as an undiscovered genius the world owes a living, and realizes not always getting to do what you want to is a big part of life as an adult."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
51zbv2
|
how do women in burka's get a passport photo?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/51zbv2/eli5_how_do_women_in_burkas_get_a_passport_photo/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d7g2ygy",
"d7g34yj",
"d7g5cxt",
"d7g7lms",
"d7g8dm9",
"d7g943a"
],
"score": [
28,
20,
194,
79,
19,
3
],
"text": [
"That depends on the local legal standards. There tends to be some allowance for religious head covering, but often it is still required to show the face.",
"At my BMV, there's a notice that the state requires the face to be visible for ID photos of any kind. Religious headwear is allowed as long as it meets those criteria.",
"No one issues international passports with a full burka as it would not be accepted as a transit document. Most allow a religious headdress to be used as long as the face is not covered. \n\nPassport standards are set by the International Civil Aviation Organization. It's passport standards state:\n > **Head coverings shall not be accepted unless in circumstances that the issuing State specifically approves. Such circumstances may be religious, medical or cultural. The face must be visible from the hairline to the chin and forward of the ears.**\n\nICAO specifications for machine-readable passports, visas and ID cards [Document 9303, Part 2](_URL_0_)",
"In places like Saudi Arabia, they have special areas where a woman can show her face to a female passport agent to verify against her passport image.",
"Photo is taken with face uncovered, woman removes covering for identification at the airport or wherever else. Preferably identification is done by another woman. A complete non issue. ",
"I had heard that some passports were issued but sealed and would only be opened by other female agents in a private viewing area to confirm the identity of the person under the head covering."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[
"http://www.icao.int/publications/Documents/9303_p2_cons_en.pdf"
],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
ft7y9m
|
why ivs can't be administered on the veins on the surface?
|
I'm seeing green veins on my wrist right now. Why can't they be used?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ft7y9m/eli5_why_ivs_cant_be_administered_on_the_veins_on/
|
{
"a_id": [
"fm5iso4"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"It's fine for Vulcans. :)\n\nThere is a priority based on ease and comfort. As the veins wear out they switch to different locations. When my son was in NICU, he had an IV to his head."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
5ry4vu
|
why do australia's and nz's climate differ so greatly?
|
I've always found it weird that I can fly for an hour and come into a place that gets snow on the ground while it barely gets below 10 in Sydney.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5ry4vu/eli5_why_do_australias_and_nzs_climate_differ_so/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ddb8bls"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"NZ is more southern than perhaps you realise, hey bro. Auckland at 36 latitude is slightly more north than Melbourne at 37. While Hobart at 42 latitude is more north than Christchurch at 43. & its a very dissimilar landmass, NZ having dozens of mountains taller than Australia's highest peak Mt Kosciusko"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
2ade2r
|
why can't i drink the water when i go abroad?
|
Whenever I have visited other countries, I have always been told not to drink the tapwater (regardless of whether the natives drink it or not). We always buy bottled water to drink, and keep it in the fridge.
I guess that it will make me unwell, but why? What is it that makes it unsafe? And what would be likely to happen if I drink the water?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2ade2r/eli5_why_cant_i_drink_the_water_when_i_go_abroad/
|
{
"a_id": [
"citx5yx",
"citx7c1",
"citx8il"
],
"score": [
3,
5,
2
],
"text": [
"There may be bacteria in the area that your body and immune system aren't used to, which could make you sick.\n\nThis is because for the most part, North America and First World Europe have good, clean drinking water, and many destinations for travel aren't as well maintained when it comes to their water infrastructure.",
"[Traveler's Diarrhea](_URL_0_)\n\nAs to the locals, they have built up an immunity from the constant exposure to the pathogens that cause it. Much like I have to Iocaine powder.",
"some countries have lower water-purification standards than the US. you could get sick if you drink their water. natives have either developed a tolerance to the unclean water OR they're just used to it."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traveler%27s_diarrhea"
],
[]
] |
|
4s0djx
|
what causes some foods to cause constipation and others to help relieve it?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4s0djx/eli5_what_causes_some_foods_to_cause_constipation/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d55pral"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"Fiber and Protein is the simple quick answer. Not enough water goes into play, but the ELI5 is protein blocks you up, Fiber moves you along. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
89vr48
|
why does eating a pound of sugar make you weigh more than eating a pound of spinach?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/89vr48/eli5why_does_eating_a_pound_of_sugar_make_you/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dwtwc5l",
"dwtx5p1",
"dwtxls2",
"dwtytpg",
"dwtzgzu"
],
"score": [
6,
7,
2,
41,
7
],
"text": [
"Because a pound of sugar has WAY more calories in it than the same weight of spinach. We don't gain weight by the weight of the food we eat. The food we eat contains energy that we measure in calories. If we eat more calories than we need, we gain weight. If we burn more calories than we eat, we lose weight. The actually physical weight of the food is irrelevant. You could conceivable gain weight by eating 3000 calories of spinach a day and lose weight by eating 1000 calories of candy (although this would NOT be healthy for a variety of other reasons)\n\n\nAso this is not really a physics question just fyi.",
"Biologically, its the makeup of the compounds.\n\nSugar is just plain sugar, it passes right through the stomach to your cells who then use it for 2 things, making energy and making fat. And a lot of the excess energy made from that sugar will be used to make fat 😁 \n\nMeanwhile spinach has many different compounds in it. Only 3% of it is carbohydrates, and many of those carbohydrates, unlike sugar, are brached and elongated so the stomach has to spend energy and time processing them and the protein into sugar. Therefore it will send the sugar to your body at a slow steady rate so that theres not as much excess energy to make fat. It also fills your stomach for longer, alleviating hunger. Spinach also has iron, vitamins, and other minerals that cant be used to make fat. Finally raw spinach is 91% water, which passes right through you.\n\nIn addition when your blood sugar level is high your body starts signals its cells to store the sugar as fat. So high carbohydrate foods like sugar will promote fat-production while low carb foods like spinach will mostly pass through you while letting your body absorb its nutrients. ",
"Most of the weight of spinach is cellulose (dietary fiber) which your body cannot actually digest, and water. Sugar is dry and the entire volume can be absorbed. You pass the the undigested cellulose as poop within a few hours to a day after consuming it so that is how it does not stay in your body. ",
"You weigh the exact same amount **immediately after** eating a pound of sugar or a pound of spinach. That spinach is mostly water & fiber which you poop & pee out relatively quickly. Sugar is 100% sugar, which your body holds onto because it's a source of energy and anything that it doesn't use right now is made into fat.\n\nCalories are a measure of how much energy your body can extract from food. A 100g portion of sugar is 387 calories while 100g of spinach only has 23 calories.",
"Because the spinach is mostly water, which leaves your body the same day you eat it; and the remainder is mostly fiber, which is hard to digest so it exits in your poop."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
fivlea
|
the 'runt' of the litter; is this a thing?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fivlea/eli5_the_runt_of_the_litter_is_this_a_thing/
|
{
"a_id": [
"fkjhl57",
"fkji2gz"
],
"score": [
2,
5
],
"text": [
"Sometimes. In animals that have multiple live births in one pregnancy, there's sometimes a smaller one. For instance, boer goats. They usually have two kids, but sometimes there's one, and sometimes there's three. When there's triplets, there's usually one that is either stillborn, dies shortly after birth, or lives but is always a little smaller than it's littermates. Same with litters of cats and dogs. Sometimes there's a wee one, sometimes it makes it, and sometimes it doesn't.",
"It’s definitely ‘a thing’. Grew up on a farm and with hogs it was basically this, small litter usually meant almost identical while larger litter had a diversity of sizes in piglets. And you couldn’t easily isolate the ‘runt’ and feed it separately to catch up to its siblings as they develop slower no matter the upbringing. Factors during gestation likely cause this, one embryo receives the least from the mother and is born small. They are also more susceptible to disease than the more average sized offspring. Not sure if it’s genetic though, my understanding is that it’s factors after fertilization that set an embryo behind the others and that setback then dominos into other signs of being the runt."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
51wkdm
|
why do insects not see spider webs and fly into them?
|
With us being much larger, surely it's "harder" to see thinner objects, like spider webs, than an insect that's much smaller and would see the same thing but to a larger scale in proportion to its size?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/51wkdm/eli5_why_do_insects_not_see_spider_webs_and_fly/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d7fg7sv",
"d7fiui3",
"d7fl81t"
],
"score": [
8,
16,
4
],
"text": [
"We can't actually see most spider webs, we only see them when light is reflected off them at an angle or when water or dust has settled on them. Most of the time they are invisible to us as well, if you have ever seen a grassy field early on a summer morning when it is covered with dew it is almost completely covered in spider webs.",
"Mainly because our eyes are different than the eyes of insects. Insect eyes are very good at registering movement and have a very wide field of view (ever wondered why it is hard to hit a fly?). \n\nOur eyes on the other hand are very good at focusing on something but in comparison are very bad at seeing fast movements (which is why things become blurred). \n\nSpiderwebs are by definition almost invisible (even to us) and only really visible if you know where it is or if light reflects on it or dust / dirt comes on it. \n\nInsects due to how their eyes are built up don't really see sharp so they have even less chance of seeing a spiderweb.",
"Insects like flies usually have compound eyes, and each eye sees only one colored dot, which means they see everything around them, but very pixellated.\n\nNow imagine an old game, with very low resolution. You can easily see where the issues appear. Things at a distance that might be smaller than one pixel are impossible to make out, but so are things up close that are smaller than one pixel. \n\nSo it's not hard to imagine how a spider web would be difficult to see, until it's too late. The entire web might be large, but a single string is not thicker than one pixel."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
9zce0f
|
why the airplane's black box is orange and what does the black refers to?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9zce0f/eli5_why_the_airplanes_black_box_is_orange_and/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ea80j71",
"ea80kjt",
"ea8314a"
],
"score": [
16,
2,
8
],
"text": [
"Orange because it’s bright and easy to find after crush. Black box means you have no idea what’s inside until after you open it. ",
"Black boxes are general term for aircraft avionics boxes but used as a colloquialism also to describe the flight data recorder. It is Orange so it can be found more easily if the aircraft was to crash. ",
"Firstly, you'll never hear an aviation porfessional call them \"black boxes\" they're flight recorders, the term is used by the media and the public.\n\nOriginally black boxes where painted black on the inside because they used photographic film as a recording medium and we're very light sensitive. Some of the first versions used by the UK's RAF in the 1940s such as Oboe, GEE and H2S, were added to bombers on a regular basis, were roughly covered in hand-made metal boxes and painted black to prevent reflections.\n\nModern boxes are a painted bright orange like almost all other safety equipment for one reason... it's really easy to spot in a big pile of wreckage. It's the first bit of equipment that Air crash investigators will look for with trying to figure out what happened becuase they contain (usually) all the information they need."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
2qs2h0
|
how to submit a tv show idea to a network and what prevents them from stealing it?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2qs2h0/eli5_how_to_submit_a_tv_show_idea_to_a_network/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cn90c9f",
"cn90zzc",
"cn92dw2",
"cn95pkp"
],
"score": [
3,
11,
5,
2
],
"text": [
"This is the reason why companies like these specifically refuse to accept \"unsolicited submissions\".",
"To submit ideas, you need representation, generally. You need an agent or someone who knows the legal layout of entertainment, and who has enough pull for the network to know that their time isn't being wasted. \n\nThe reason for this is that so many people in the past have been burned by studios/networks/publishers from idea stealing that rather than dealing with the repercussions, all pitches, ideas, whatever, MUST be solicited. This means a meeting, representation, and all the right players in the same room. \n\nIf you submit something unsolicited, they won't look at it at all. Trash/returned script that says \"hey, we can't look at these. It's our policy. Don't send us these.\" Nothing guarantees that they can't just steal the idea and then send you the letter, but then again, you have postmarked correspondence that might be able to be used in court. \n\nPlus - networks have so many people in their, well, network, that they're not short on good ideas. They're not in the business to steal from the little guy. Even if your idea is the best they would have ever seen, there are thousands of ideas that will work just fine for them. ",
"If you're asking because you have a great idea for a tv show and think you should be the next Vince Gilligan, let me stop you right there. Everyone and their mother has an idea for the next best TV show and no one gives a shit because no one knows who you are.\n\nAnd your idea is not good enough for anyone to risk stealing it. It just isn't. \n\nThe path to getting a show on TV is waaaaayyyy longer and harder than just coming up with an idea and pitching it. Reddit is not the place to go to to learn how to do that. Start reading books on it, read forums, read articles and listen to podcasts. Go to film school if you can. Consume every piece of media you can, spend years doing it, THEN... you'll know how, maybe, your can start getting on the path to someday getting a tv show pitched to the network.\n\nIf you're just asking out of curiosity, though...\n\nThere's no one right way. The most common way is studios will approach an established writer who just finished a successful tv show and say \"what's next?\"\n\nThis is how almost all tv shows get a pilot ordered. They come from an established writer who had other successful shows. Occasionally, studios will take meetings from staff writers of other successful shows who have a really great idea.\n\nAND once in a very great long while, some bizarre unlikely event will lead to unknowns getting a show on. Think the south park guys, or it's always sunny.\n\nWhat prevents them from stealing it?\n\nBecause just buying it from you is cheaper. If they think your idea is halfway decent at all they'll just option it from you. That costs them almost nothing. But stealing it costs them a potential lawsuit. That's not to say it never happens, but it's really, very extremely rare.\n\nBesides, chances are someone's already come up with something similar. There's almost no unique ideas out there, just unique expressions. Meaning the guy who pitches it comes up with an idea that they've heard before (they've heard em all) but with a unique take on it. Using the idea without the guy removes what makes it unique, so what do they really gain from it?\n\nEdit: down vote me if you have to pal, but from your other more recent comments sounds like I nailed it. You have the perfect idea that just has to go on TV that no one else can possibly come up with, but you don't want to actually put in the years of work and study to actually get it done.",
"You can register your script with the writer's guild, without being a member, for a $20 fee.\n\n[Here](_URL_0_)\n\nIt's not necessary of course, but if you're worried about a studio stealing it then it doesn't hurt. The guild will provide your registration materials should you need it as proof."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.wgawregistry.org/webrss/"
]
] |
||
nxgml
|
eili5: how come english doesn't use compound nouns like other germanic languages?
|
I was thinking its because English is defined as Germanic but has too much outside influence (Latin, French, Greek etc.) to accommodate noun combining. English uses it on occasion so how come that trait of Germanic languages was never adopted by the English Language?
Thanks! :D
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/nxgml/eili5_how_come_english_doesnt_use_compound_nouns/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c3cprs0",
"c3cq3a8",
"c3cq6ad",
"c3cprs0",
"c3cq3a8",
"c3cq6ad"
],
"score": [
10,
2,
4,
10,
2,
4
],
"text": [
" > English uses it on occasion so how come that trait of Germanic languages was never adopted by the English Language?\n\nMaybe I'm not understanding your question properly or don't understand how German compound nouns work, or maybe you just intended to ask why doesn't English use compound nouns more frequently. Regardless, English does have a fair number of compound nouns: basketball, washing machine, mother-in-law, and so on. \n\nIf you're simply asking why it doesn't have more compound nouns, the answer has to do with the fact that any given language (discourse community) develops in its own unique way due to a variety of factors, and I might suggest that part of this has to do with the separation of England from other Germanic regions. This would have been compounded by the fact that the people who could have traveled to Europe (the nobility) primarily spoke French for much of the time when English was moving from Old English to what we know today. Consequently, there would have been less exchange of the habits of nations speaking Germanic languages and English speakers. \n\nedit: formatting\n",
"I can't say for certain, but if it wasn't before 1066 then this was about the time it happened. When the Normans (French) conquered Britain the influence of their language was enormous and stripped many grammatical features away from both languages.",
"I'm on my cell phone in bed right now so I can't offer a long comment, but Old English used to have some pretty rad compound nouns called \"kennings,\" back in the days of Beowulf and The Wanderer. Google them.\n\nAs for the reason kennings fell out of use, well, language evolves. Old English split from Old German longer ago than you might think, even though they are both Germanic languages. Think monkey/human evolution--it's a bit difficult to answer the question \"Why do humans have trait X that monkeys dont have\" because even though we share a common ancestor, lots of change has occurred.",
" > English uses it on occasion so how come that trait of Germanic languages was never adopted by the English Language?\n\nMaybe I'm not understanding your question properly or don't understand how German compound nouns work, or maybe you just intended to ask why doesn't English use compound nouns more frequently. Regardless, English does have a fair number of compound nouns: basketball, washing machine, mother-in-law, and so on. \n\nIf you're simply asking why it doesn't have more compound nouns, the answer has to do with the fact that any given language (discourse community) develops in its own unique way due to a variety of factors, and I might suggest that part of this has to do with the separation of England from other Germanic regions. This would have been compounded by the fact that the people who could have traveled to Europe (the nobility) primarily spoke French for much of the time when English was moving from Old English to what we know today. Consequently, there would have been less exchange of the habits of nations speaking Germanic languages and English speakers. \n\nedit: formatting\n",
"I can't say for certain, but if it wasn't before 1066 then this was about the time it happened. When the Normans (French) conquered Britain the influence of their language was enormous and stripped many grammatical features away from both languages.",
"I'm on my cell phone in bed right now so I can't offer a long comment, but Old English used to have some pretty rad compound nouns called \"kennings,\" back in the days of Beowulf and The Wanderer. Google them.\n\nAs for the reason kennings fell out of use, well, language evolves. Old English split from Old German longer ago than you might think, even though they are both Germanic languages. Think monkey/human evolution--it's a bit difficult to answer the question \"Why do humans have trait X that monkeys dont have\" because even though we share a common ancestor, lots of change has occurred."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
356orx
|
why don't the palestinians push for enfranchisement within israel instead of a separate state?
|
The Palestinians are desperate for their own state but it seems to me that there would be another more practical option. Israel is such a small country in terms of area and a separate Palestinian state seems impracticable for a number of reasons especially if they want half of Jerusalem as their capital, so why don't the Palestinians just push for enfranchisement within Israel, with that they would enjoy all political, legal and personal freedoms that they desire.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/356orx/eli5_why_dont_the_palestinians_push_for/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cr1hb9u",
"cr1hddz",
"cr1hem5"
],
"score": [
3,
2,
3
],
"text": [
" > with that they would enjoy all political, legal and personal freedoms that they desire.\n\nThey wouldn't, in any kind of legal status that Israel would give them in such a situation. Jewish Israelis would want to remain the majority in power.",
"What you are talking about is called the [one-state solution](_URL_0_). Plenty of Palestinians do support it, however the main problem is that it will create a situation where the Jews are no longer a majority in their own country, and Israel will lose its character as the Jewish state (i.e. the state for the Jewish people).",
"Historically the, Israelis have been more opposed to a one-state solution than the Palestinians. This is because Israel is the \"jewish state\" and it is perceived that creating one state for both Israelis and Palestinians would compromise this identity. Furthermore, Palestinians have higher birth rates than Israelis, which prompts the fear that they would eventually become a majority. \n\nFurthermore, it's not very tempting for the Palestinians to submit themselves to an authority that is currently brutalising them and illegally seizing their lands. It'd be like India pushing for equal status in the Commonwealth as opposed to independence in the 40's. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-state_solution"
],
[]
] |
|
24m7gw
|
why is it that smoke dissipates fully from being smokey in the bottle to clear even when it is fully sealed?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/24m7gw/eli5why_is_it_that_smoke_dissipates_fully_from/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ch8h5bd"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"The visible part of smoke is simply tiny particles of, basically, ash. It's only because they're hot and very light that they float around in the air for a while, but eventually they cool down and fall to the floor (or the bottom of the bottle, in your case)."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
shhtf
|
helicopters.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/shhtf/helicopters/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c4e2po7",
"c4e2rbl",
"c4e4gad"
],
"score": [
3,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"I'm assuming you mean how do they not fall to the ground? Despite what most people think the spinning thing (Rotor) doesn't act like a propeller (which would force air downwards). Instead the rotor is actually a wing very similar like one off an aeroplane. Lift is generated by the \"wing\" moving fast through the air. An aeroplane gets lift by moving forward fast to get the speed, a helicopter spins it around in circles above it to get the \"wing\" to move fast. Both ways create lift which is actually the movement of the wing going up through the air, not by forcing air below it. Then as the rotor is spinning you would get a torque reaction which would cause the fuselage of the helicopter to spin as well, so they add a tail rotor to counter the spinning torque effect. They can turn left or right by either increasing the tail rotor force or reducing it\n\nSource: Me a pilot :)",
"The main rotor of a helicopter works the same way as an airplane's wing. However, where airplanes travel in a forward direction to get lift, the main rotors spin to get the lift. To get lift, the direction of travel is not as important as the speed in general; airplane wings go straight, helicopter wings spin. However, the spinning of the rotors causes a lot of torque on the helicopter, which would cause the whole chopper to spin as well. To solve that, a tail rotor is added. The tail rotor counters the torque, and it allows the chopper to change headings.",
"They push air down like a fan, and since every action has an equal and opposite *re*action the helicopter goes up."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
cxie9b
|
how do antique tick tock clocks work?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cxie9b/elif_how_do_antique_tick_tock_clocks_work/
|
{
"a_id": [
"eyl8skb",
"eylafis"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"\"antique tick tock clocks?\"\n\nOf what kind. Clarify.",
"[dig on this](_URL_0_) \n\nMind boggling 16th century clockwork monk designed as an “eternally faithful worshiper”"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"https://www.google.com/amp/s/io9.gizmodo.com/this-450-year-old-clockwork-monk-is-fully-operational-5956937/amp"
]
] |
||
1qf0p6
|
what does a banker do on a daily basis and why are they blamed for the financial crisis?
|
Aside from the big bonuses, why are they blamed more than the government for the financial crisis? And what do they do on a daily and larger basis?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1qf0p6/eli5what_does_a_banker_do_on_a_daily_basis_and/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cdc54bf",
"cdc5a0w",
"cdcawis"
],
"score": [
3,
3,
12
],
"text": [
"Bankers caused the mortgage crisis. Basically, they were giving mortgages to people who weren't qualified for them, and were barely able to pay them back. When the economy got bad, all these people couldn't pay their mortgages and defaulted on their loans, meaning that banks lost a huge chunk of income, couldn't afford to lend to businesses, who then couldn't operate efficiently. The whole thing was kind of a big domino effect.",
"There is no job 'banker'. Banking is a complex enterprise with many parts which are divided up among many different people.\n\nThe people commonly associated with the recent financial troubles are similarly complex and have many titles, but I will focus in on a subgroup often called 'investment analysts'. Finance (a broader group of businesses including many sorts of banking, investing, and insurance) firms make their money by making investments for themselves or for their customers which will pay off in the future. To do this, they hire investment analysts who explore different ways that they can structure their investments to get the most money. The job generally involves doing a lot of research and helping to design models to do a better job of predicting the future. If they are doing their job well, they help reduce the risk in the economy of different sorts of failures from a business going bankrupt to a storm wiping out a food crop.\n\nThe financial crisis is terribly complex, but on one level it was caused by analysts finding new ways to bundle investments together and then selling parts of it to customers in creative, but ultimately flawed ways. Their models which predicted how these bundled inventments would behave were flawed and very few people had the expertise and access to secret systems to check their work. However, before the flaws were discovered, these bundled investments became extremely popular and everybody was making them, so when they failed, they had a very large impact.",
"First of all, the \"banker\" you are referring to isn't really a guy working at a *Savings and Loan* type bank. The guy you're talking about is an \"Investment banker.\" These are the guys who work at Morgan Stanley, Goldman Sachs, Merrill Lynch, Bear Sterns, and Lehmann Brothers. Though not so much the last two. Those two banks went to zero.\n\nHere's a \"top 3\" list of the people who're responsible, in varying degrees, for the Subprime Mortgage Crisis.\n\n* **Mortgage Originators** - These are companies like *The Money Store*. Not real banks, but they sourced a ton of loans. These are the guys who made the loans to people *grossly* unqualified to pay them back. They didn't give a damn because they immediately turned around and sold those crappy loans to...\n\n* **Investment Banks** - These are the stock brokerage houses who bought up all these bad loans. They were unlikely to get paid back, but they didn't care because they were going to just sell them again as *mortgage bonds*. But before they did, the Investment Banks had to buff up the stats on the mortgages, to make them seem less shitty than they were. It was actually quite easy, because the Investment Banks knew how to game the metrics used by...\n\n* **The Ratings Agencies** - These are the mouth-breathers of the stock market. Think the employees of the DMV. They were *supposed* to give a rigorous rating on the value of each mortgage bond. But the problem is, they got paid by the number of ratings they gave. And S & P knew if they didn't give a rubber-stamp AAA to any old piece of crap an investment bank put in front of them, then that bank could just go to Moody's or Fitch, who'd be happy to take their money. Plus like I said, their metrics were so dead-simple, it was easy to game the system and make bonds appear less terrible. All these AAA rated bonds were incorrectly rated, and then it was made worse by...\n\n* **The Investment Banks Again** - These banks were dissatisfied with just selling worthless mortgage bonds, because the bottom *tranches* of those bonds wouldn't sell. So you know what they did? They took a slew of the bottom tranches, all paying out premium rates (because they were so risky, even if you accepted the bullshit AAA rating from Moody's) and they packaged those tranches together into a CDO. And because they created the instrument, they got to pocket the high (risky) returns of the bottom tranches, while paying out the low rates that go with a AAA rated bond. And then they took that CDO, filled with *sure-to-fail* bottom tranches, to...\n\n* **The Ratings Agencies Again** - Who did what they were best at: Sitting there with a stupid look on their faces, **AAA** rubber stamp in hand, collecting their check.\n\nWhen you're referring to \"big bonuses\" you're almost certainly talking about the bonuses the Wall Street investment banks pay their executives. And yeah, since those executives were the principle architects of the worst economic crisis since 1929, it's pretty galling that they made out so well.\n\nBut those are the three, great unhanged scoundrels behind the Mortgage collapse. The mortgage originators, who all failed when the music stopped, the ratings agencies, and worst of all, the investment banks.\n\n[EDIT]Wowie Zowie, thanks for the gold![/EDIT]"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
7x6c7m
|
vagus nerve reflex?
|
[deleted]
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7x6c7m/eli5vagus_nerve_reflex/
|
{
"a_id": [
"du5u0rg"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Avast ye! Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained:\n\n1. [ELI5 Why sticking something in your ear makes you cough? ](_URL_5_) ^(_7 comments_)\n1. [ELI5: Why is it that when I put a cotton swab in my ear to clean it I start coughing? ](_URL_1_) ^(_14 comments_)\n1. [ELI5: The nerve cluster that is reachable via q-tip into the ear canal, it feels amazing. Why is it so pleasurable? Is there a purpose? ](_URL_3_) ^(_ > 100 comments_)\n1. [ELI5: Why do you get the urge to cough when you stick a q-tip to far into your ear ](_URL_0_) ^(_15 comments_)\n1. [ELI5: Why does cleaning my ears make me cough? ](_URL_4_) ^(_6 comments_)\n1. [Why do I cough when I clean my ears? ](_URL_2_) ^(_8 comments_)\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/29sm1s/eli5_why_do_you_get_the_urge_to_cough_when_you/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/28ucqu/eli5_why_is_it_that_when_i_put_a_cotton_swab_in/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/NoStupidQuestions/comments/3d7kkr/why_do_i_cough_when_i_clean_my_ears/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2stffo/eli5_the_nerve_cluster_that_is_reachable_via_qtip/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/67kqqo/eli5_why_does_cleaning_my_ears_make_me_cough/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/59vk9n/eli5_why_sticking_something_in_your_ear_makes_you/"
]
] |
|
5by9fb
|
why is the dow jones going down?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5by9fb/eli5_why_is_the_dow_jones_going_down/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d9s7pmr",
"d9s7q4g"
],
"score": [
30,
9
],
"text": [
"Because Trump is making this a very close race, and has a real chance of winning.\n\nThe Markets (and businesses in general) do NOT like instability, and the Market believes Trump is a destabilizing force on the country. \n\nIn short - the Market believes Trump is bad for business, and are starting to price in a Trump win.",
"Because market speculators believe that Clinton as president is better for the economy than Trump is. So every time something comes out that pushes him closer to the presidency, futures markets, speculators, and investors put in orders to take their money out of the market (which makes stock prices go down)."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
1snm19
|
why can i take a sip of hot coffee and be fine but if i take a gulp it's too hot?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1snm19/eli5_why_can_i_take_a_sip_of_hot_coffee_and_be/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cdze84q"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Simple answer is the amount of liquid. A tiny amount of hot liquid disperses quickly and gets cooled very quickly. A large amount of hot liquid does not disperse as quickly and subsequently does not cool as fast either."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
37q8jg
|
why doe seem like everything man-made related to space is white?
|
Satellites, astronot suits, rockets, the mortar that was on the moon…
Edit: I think a better question is 'Is there a reason why NASA and other space companies make nearly everything white?'
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/37q8jg/eli5_why_doe_seem_like_everything_manmade_related/
|
{
"a_id": [
"crovl3f"
],
"score": [
85
],
"text": [
"Temperature control. Once you get outside the atmosphere, there is nothing to dampen the effects of sunlight/moonlight. No clouds, no atmospheric diffusion, no nothing.\n\nNow, I'm sure you've gotten into a dark colored car on a hot day. Ever seen what happens to, say, a cellphone or a bottle of soda that's been left in a dark colored car for several hours on a sunny day? Imagine how much worse it would be if there was nothing to dampen the light baking down on it."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
9eot16
|
why does our body store fat? and is it possible to improve our metabolism?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9eot16/eli5_why_does_our_body_store_fat_and_is_it/
|
{
"a_id": [
"e5qcu6e"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Your body needs food to run itself. If you eat more than what you need, it stores it as fat for later. This was a major advantage when we were hunting and gathering daily to survive, when winter potentially meant death due to lack of food (among other things).\n\nOur bodies still think we're living in the stone age so they store fat just as they would in the old days, but now we have a lot more reliable access to food. And sugars, which is the death of waistlines.\n\nYou can improve your metabolism by exercising. A focus on building muscle mass is your best bet. Muscles burns a lot of calories by just being on your body. You can also do cardio, which will give you a boost in metabolism for a period after you stop running/cycling/swimming. And any activity will help you burn more calories.\n\nNOTE: it becomes harder to build muscle mass after the age of 25 and a lot harder after the age of 30, so starting an healthy exercise routine when you're young is the best. Puberty is the ideal time to start as your body will be creating a shit-ton of hormones already.\n\nNOTE: Once you actually gain fat, it's really, really hard to get rid of it all. You can drop weight, but actually removing fat cells from your body is a massive pain. The best strategy is to never get it (IE: be healthy as early on as possible).\n\n\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
50wk53
|
what does today's fda ruling to stop the marketing of antibacterial handwash mean for the prevention of super-germs?
|
Read more: _URL_0_
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/50wk53/eli5_what_does_todays_fda_ruling_to_stop_the/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d77mun6"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Some people think it means these super germs will spread quickly. Other people think this gives our bodies a chance to toughen up. The overuse (see, almost any use) of anti-bacterial soap is pretty bad in the long term, even short. You might not catch the flu using it, but you will eventually, and by then your body might have a weaker immune system."
]
}
|
[] |
[
"http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm517478.htm"
] |
[
[]
] |
|
4vhgd5
|
why does someone gets hypoxic when on an unpressurized aircraft above 10,000ft, but doesn't when on the ground at the same altitude?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4vhgd5/eli5_why_does_someone_gets_hypoxic_when_on_an/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d5yem7d",
"d5yfz2i",
"d5yh8k6",
"d5yjn0m"
],
"score": [
3,
3,
18,
4
],
"text": [
"For instance, I've slept at almost 5000 meters (16,404.2 ft) in a hotel in my way to do some activities in the high lands of Peru, and never felt hypoxic. However I'm sure that if I'm at the same altitude in an unpressurized aircraft, I will get hypoxic, as it is highly common at this altitude.\nAny explanation to this?\n\nCheers",
"What's hypoxic mean?",
"Planes can ascend much faster than a human walking or driving so your body doesn't have as much time to acclimate to the lowered oxygen. ",
"It's called [Altitude sickness](_URL_0_). It's pretty common, with over 200,000 cases per year in the U.S. Most are very minor.\n\nPeople who live at these altitudes adapt to it in several ways, including increased hemoglobin for greater oxygen carrying capacity."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitude_sickness"
]
] |
||
4yb690
|
why are greenpeace considered a 'bad' organisation/heavily criticised?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4yb690/eli5_why_are_greenpeace_considered_a_bad/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d6mdd0e",
"d6mdsp5",
"d6mdsz5"
],
"score": [
8,
2,
4
],
"text": [
"Basically greenpeace are borderline eco-terrorists, they aim for what is a good cause but they go about their aims through illegal or otherwise unfavourable means, a good example was when last year they destroyed a centuries old traditional rock formation (in mexico I believe) to try and promote taking care of the environment. There's nothing wrong with what they want to do, but the way the break things, harass and assault people is horrible. \n\nI don't have a specific example for a better group to help, but most others are probably fine, I know sea shepherd are quite good but I don't know too much about them.\n\nEdit: don't see sea shepherd, they're also assholes. You learn something every day",
"Here's a video of a Greenpeace founding member explaining why he left the organization:\n\n_URL_0_\n\nBasically the organization is nowadays fighting issues they do not understand.",
"Green peace often trespass on peoples property, damage/destroy people's equipment, they have stolen property and animals in the past, and many other things that border terrorism. \n\nAnd for me the biggest thing is that they irreparably damaged a section he Nazca Lines in Peru by sneaking on it and setting up giant signs protesting things. They then all fled the country before authorities could apprehend them and the organization refused to release the names of those involved so that they could be extradited for prosecution for damaging a world heritage site. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BpBnJq19R60"
],
[]
] |
||
5hbrng
|
when we delete files, if the files don't get deleted and the addresses do, how do the addresses get deleted?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5hbrng/eli5_when_we_delete_files_if_the_files_dont_get/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dayzi35"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"There's an index in a protected secret part of your hard drive called a Master File Table. Basically its the directory listing telling the file system where the beginning of every file is. \n\nWhen you delete a file, really all its doing is removing the file's entry from the Master File Table. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
awgh7d
|
could a corrupt government administration or political party be prosecuted under the rico act?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/awgh7d/eli5_could_a_corrupt_government_administration_or/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ehmfvc7"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Theoretically yes, certainly groups which are active in a political field or who have held political office have been prosecuted under RICO. Trump university was undergoing prosecution under RICO and would almost certainly have resulted in convictions if the defendants hadn't settled paying out $25 million."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
3uh68m
|
how does ea and dice get to make a star wars game without disney on the box or having anything to do with it?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3uh68m/eli5_how_does_ea_and_dice_get_to_make_a_star_wars/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cxesbfb",
"cxesc1d"
],
"score": [
3,
10
],
"text": [
"Disney lets them do that because they know putting Disney on the box would lead to less sales and thus less money for them.",
"They don't. Lucasfilm is the subsidiary of Disney that handles Star Wars, and it's well represented in the making of Star Wars Battlefront."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
2987of
|
why we have wet dreams
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2987of/eli5why_we_have_wet_dreams/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ciida9h",
"ciidec5"
],
"score": [
2,
5
],
"text": [
"Partly because nothing prevents us from masturbating in our sleep, and partly because, for males, seminal fluids build up and have nowhere to go.",
"I never had a wet dream until I was 21. I've always been masturbating since before I even produced semen. I only had a wet dream after I stopped masturbating for a couple weeks.\n\nI assume it's just the bodies natural way of clearing the pipes."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
2qbp8a
|
why do a majority of people have to wear glasses as they age but a select few don't ?
|
I have extremely good eyesight and am able to spot/read stuff from quite far away where most people are not able to despite having spent and still spending considerable time infront of my computer/phone/tablet. (I'm 23)
Can this be genetic ? My paternal grandfather reads the newspaper everyday and watches TV (he is 90) and never uses glasses. My father in turn partially uses glasses (astigmatism, 56) and my mother recently started too when reading (46). Stunningly, my sister (18) started having headaches and difficulty reading around 13-14 and since is always wearing glasses. My paternal grandmother and everyone else on my maternal side wear glasses as expected with age.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2qbp8a/eli5_why_do_a_majority_of_people_have_to_wear/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cn4o3zs",
"cn4qvv7"
],
"score": [
13,
5
],
"text": [
"There is nothing really unusual about having good vision at the age of 23. I personally did not start wearing glasses until I was 50, and I still wear them only for reading. The degree to which one can retain good vision into ones more advanced years is indeed genetic as you speculate. It's just one of innumerable genetic variations of the human species. It is equivalent to asking why are most people shorter than 6 feet tall but some are taller than that. And bear in mind that just because people are related (such as you and your sister) that does not mean that their genetics are identical, only that there is a certain amount of genetic similarity. So, when it comes to the genetics of vision, yours turned out to be better than your sister's.\n\nAnother question you may be implying would be, why don't we all have good vision into our old age? There is an evolutionary explanation for that. When people age beyond the point at which they would normally be having and raising children they cease to be as relevant to the evolutionary process. Evolution will favor genetics that allow you to have more offspring who survive to adulthood and then have offspring of their own, while it has little effect on genetics that will allow you to age more gracefully and better enjoy your golden years.",
"Optometry student here. Genetics play a major role in near-sightedness (myopia) and far-sightedness (hyperopia). One of the most important factors in determining your need for correction is your parents' correction.\n\nThe need for glasses later in life is different, however. The lens in your eye changes shape to focus on objects closer to you (this is called accommodation). As you age, the lens loses its ability to accommodate, due to either deterioration of the muscles that control it or changes in the makeup of the materials within it. In either case, the lens cannot change shape enough to compensate for objects located closer to you (it's too weak!). When this occurs, plus lenses are required to basically take over what the lens is normally supposed to do.\n\nIn people that are near-sighted, however, their lenses are naturally too strong (hence they wear minus lenses to reduce the overall power). In these cases, they often do not need reading glasses later in life because their lenses end up being just strong enough to enable close-distance reading. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
1q2n7l
|
why is fukushima worse than chernobyl?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1q2n7l/eli5why_is_fukushima_worse_than_chernobyl/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cd8k099",
"cd8kvn8",
"cd8twdb"
],
"score": [
12,
9,
2
],
"text": [
"Who said it was? I think Chernobyl was much worse. In part because the Russian leadership lied about it and sat on it for a while without telling anyone they were in danger.",
"It is absolutely in no way worse. [Chernobyl killed 4,000 people, Fukishuma killed zero.](_URL_0_) ",
"Just stop it _URL_0_"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nuclear_and_radiation_accidents_by_death_toll"
],
[
"http://www.climatedepot.com/2013/10/12/physicist-there-was-no-fukushima-nuclear-disaster-the-terrible-toll-from-japans-tsunami-came-from-the-wave-not-radiation/"
]
] |
||
55szmx
|
why are fruit juices mostly "packed" into special boxes, instead of glass/plastic bottles?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/55szmx/eli5_why_are_fruit_juices_mostly_packed_into/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d8ds44c"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Efficiency. Boxes are easier to stack and store and when pasteurized the juice can last for years in the boxes. Drink companies would pack everything in them if they could. Milk will spoil unless it's UHT pasteurized, the boxes aren't strong enough for carbonated drinks. Generally if it's carbonated or needs to be refrigerated before it's opened, it won't be in a box."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
5s1imu
|
where do the superwealthy store their money if banks can only insure a small portion of it in a single account?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5s1imu/eli5where_do_the_superwealthy_store_their_money/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ddbpvqd",
"ddbrga1",
"ddbtipa",
"ddbxlcj"
],
"score": [
25,
4,
3,
26
],
"text": [
"They don't. They'll have a small amount of cash on-hand for day to day expenses and the rest will be tied up in various investments (real estate, stocks, bonds, gold, etc.).",
"Are you talking about the super wealthy? They hide their money behind shell corporations and trusts and investments. They hold large amounts of stock in major corporations, hard assets like land, art, etc. Some banks give great interest rates for the money accounts. These huge banks like Goldman Sachs won't go under and giving them $500m will yield a very favorable interest rate. You don't just place it like a bank account because you don't need the money, always available. \n\nFor daily living, they borrow against their accounts. Bill Gates' wealth is tied directly to Microsoft stock. He borrows against this stock to pay for his jet, his house, his cars etc. ",
"The wealthy keep their money in various investments. Obviously there is a risk of losing the investment but generally investments increase in value. \n\nOnce you become employed spend your first few paychecks on things you want to have. Once you have that go see an investment banker and ask for their recommendations. After that start putting every spare cent into those investments. You money will build quickly and you may even begin to think about retiring in 15-20 years.",
"I manage investments for ultra-high-net-worth individuals, usually referred to as UHNWIs. This is a class of wealth distinct from HNW, and begins around 50 or 100mm USD, depending on which group is rating them.\n\nGenerally, money works like this. There is a first generation of wealth, almost always created and led by a patriarch figure, who runs their own business. The business does very well and creates so much wealth, the patriarch (apologies for the gender bias, but it is just about always a male) thinks about passing that wealth onto the kids.\n\nThe kids grow up a bit, and they have their own credit cards and expenses, and maybe even their own families. Patriarch (called \"generation one\" or G1) is still supreme leader, and kids (G2) follow what he says. Since expenses are ballooning, with kids having kids of their own, they decide to keep a family lawyer and accountant and advisor on full-time. This is what is called a family office. \n\nFamily wealth is managed by the family office. Different families have different strategies for maintaining wealth. Most families seek a 5% annual return, and there are specific investment funds that generate strategies that give them this 5%. So, some of the money goes into these investment funds, some go to their own investment funds (an entity formed to manage money controlled by the family) so they can do their own deals, but usually most of the money is retained by the family business. The reason for this is simple: you own a business that has created enormous value for your family, so you re-invest profits from that business to grow, and that growth creates even more value for you. It's the perfect investment: you know the business perfectly, know how the books work perfectly, have supreme insider knowledge, and it costs you nothing to invest money into the highest areas of growth within the business.\n\nSo the short answer to your question is that the extremely wealthy keep their money in the businesses that made them extremely wealthy, and take on a kind of allowance from the company that helps them pay for nice things.\n\nThis is true most of the time, with some very specific exceptions, and there might be two variations which are worth mentioning. The first has to do with Asian and Middle Eastern family offices (which is relevant to western celebrities and athletes). They keep stacks of cash lying around. Gold bars. A lot of real estate investments and \"cash business\" investments (like restaurants and retail). The reason for this is mostly because they're not sophisticated enough to understand things like stocks and bonds, but they understand things they can see and touch. Like a restaurant that serves good beer and cheeseburgers, or a club that's \"just like that one in Las Vegas.\" The other part of it is that in certain parts of the world, the threat of being sued or robbed is so small, you can keep all your money in gold bars and cash, since you have so much influence in your community. Sometimes, your family is so powerful, little brother Kenny can kill an Australian tourist with his Ferrari and the police won't bother him because the court says it was the tourist's fault for walking on the sidewalk. But in America and Europe and Australia, and other places like these, you can be sued for looking at someone funny, so ownership of money is structured to reduce liability.\n\nThe other exception that's worth talking about in-depth is new Asian money (mostly China, but my focus has been on Myanmar lately, and it applies there too). This is distinctly different from family office operations, mostly in one major way: I have seen entire bedrooms full of cash, packed in plastic bags, stacked floor to ceiling, wall to wall. It's a three-bedroom house, but you only use one bedroom for living. The rest is for storage. Why? Because you don't trust banks, and you don't trust the government to not take your money. So you do an all-cash strategy. Sometimes, you hire a truck to deliver cash for purchases, like when you want to buy a building for a new restaurant. You are known by reputation in the community, so you don't need to have more than $300 or $500 with you at any time; if you want to buy something big, they'll know you're good for it."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
90jd9x
|
i live in the us and everytime i pass a weigh station on the highway, they are always closed. is there a reason to this (only open at night?) or is my luck just that bad?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/90jd9x/eli5_i_live_in_the_us_and_everytime_i_pass_a/
|
{
"a_id": [
"e2qux3i",
"e2qvgy3",
"e2qw4n8",
"e2qw90g",
"e2qxyic"
],
"score": [
3,
19,
2,
3,
5
],
"text": [
"depends on the state. Some states, they are open somewhat frequently, while others, it is very rare. It is used as a deterrent, so it doesn't need to be open too often, just enough to make truck drivers worry about it.",
"The stations are opened \"randomly\" and big rig trucks are forced off the highway and into the weight station. To be weighed and check over the log book for compliance. It doesn't happen often though because it can cause serious delays.",
"In addition to the other good answers here, there are also weigh-in-motion systems in some areas that get an approximation of the weight of these trucks while they're moving at highway speeds and alerts authorities where an overweight vehicle is. So you don't even need to rely on randomness and can turn on the weigh station sign knowing an overweight vehicle is coming down the highway.",
"Trucker here, weigh stations used to be open all the freaking time. I suppose Budget cuts are a factor. \n\nIf truckers want to drive heavy they travel between midnight and five am. Stations are usually closed.",
"Besides the other answers here, lets answer why various state and province dept. of transports want to weigh trucks and find the overweight ones.\n\n- depending on weather conditions, an overweight truck is unsafe; it can't stop as fast - especially on slippery surfaces - so when its slick out look for the stations to be open more.\n- an overweight truck is more dangers simply from the 'get squished by the load if the truck rolls over on top of me' perspective.\n- trucks have extra axles with double wheels to spread the weight of the truck even through more wheels. More wheels = more weight distribution. Concrete and asphault roads have various construction methods and obviously the interstates are higher rated. But that rating means it can take so many axles of under a certain weight for so many wheels before needing to be replaced. A super heavy truck which does not have equal weight distribution or enough axles can severely damage and/or shorten the lifespan of the road. \n- in warmer sunny weather asphault roads can get soft enough that an overweight truck can actually carve grooves in it, which pretty much makes it useless and so should be avoided. \n\nso look for the weigh stations to be open more in either slippery or warm weather."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
84x9bv
|
why is paper white when trees are brown?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/84x9bv/eli5_why_is_paper_white_when_trees_are_brown/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dvt22fw",
"dvt26ih",
"dvt2m84",
"dvt35j9"
],
"score": [
3,
9,
9,
4
],
"text": [
"Trees are made from cellulose, found in the wood of the tree, but not from the bark. So it's lighter than you might think in the first place. Paper makers also use some specific plants that help make the resulting paper whiter. But at the end of the day, they also do use bleach to ensure the final color is the white you are used to.",
"They are very heavily bleached. You can look at papyrus for what a more normal color of cellulose would be",
"The color of paper has to do with how it is processed at the plant and for what purpose.\n\nWhen wood arrives at a paper plant, it is first shredded up ahead of pulping. Pulping is a process by which wood is dissolved into goop and cooked until only wood pulp remains. For ordinary printer paper, this stage also includes bleaching, which removes any coloring in the raw wood. Some paper, like that used for cardboard, may skip this step, and others may involve the addition of dyes after bleaching.\n\nThe pulp is rolled into sheets and dried into paper during the last stages. This stage allows the paper to retain its color or lack thereof.\n\nTL;DR: The way that paper is made involves bleaching the wood it starts out from.",
"Finally something I can explain here. I've worked in a paper mill, specifically the department where we took wood chips and turned it into bleached pulp.\n\n1) Logs come into the paper mill where they are debarked and then chipped.\n2) The chips then are sent to what's called a digestor where they are cooked in a liquid called white liquor to remove all the lignin from the wood. This occurs at high temperature and pressure.\n3) The chips are now soft and largely free of lignin. (This next part always fascinated me) And the soft chips are depressurized where they basically explode into pulp because of the pressure drop.\n4) The brown pulp is washed several times through shower head type washing, but also through pressurized suction type washing (like a giant Büchner funnel). This is to remove what's called black liquor which is what the white liquor turns into after cooking and removing lignin.\n5) The now less brown pulp is physically screened to remove knots and impurities, leaving you with a brown pulp that is very clean.\n6) Finally you begin getting to bleaching. There are a number of ways to bleach paper but the most widely used and process In familiar with is called Kraft bleaching. In this part of the process you alternate bleaching steps between acidic and basic bleaching. Kraft bleaching uses chlorine dioxide (a very powerful bleach and very deadly chemical if exposed to you), and Sulfuric acid (also quite potent). In the basic bleaching steps, you use Peroxides and some other stuff to further bleach. In between steps are more washing and cleaning to remove the remaining lignin filled juices. This reduces the need for excess bleach and continues to make the paper brighter. Then it's sent to the paper machines for making into paper.\n\nAlternately cardboard and like mills do not do the bleaching steps and that why you have the brown color. That is the natural color of pulp prior to bleaching.\n\nTl;dr: Strong bleaching chemicals remove remaining lignin from wood to produce whiter paper."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
54e5wm
|
how do uv lamps dry nail polish?
|
I have seen a lot of hype for the UV Gel Nail Polish Dryers. How does that work to dry nail paint?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/54e5wm/eli5_how_do_uv_lamps_dry_nail_polish/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d813y6y",
"d815vbr"
],
"score": [
4,
7
],
"text": [
"It only works on special nail polish that cures in UV light. Besides that, that's all I know. My cos textbook might say more. I'll check it tomorrow, but it's like 3am here ",
"There are groups of materials that react in a specific way to certain circumstances. Sometimes it's water, sometimes it's air, sometimes its light etc.\nIt's mostly related to the way the material is built, internal structure, how particles are arranged and connected.\n\nIn this case, there is a substance called photoinitiator added to the gel. Photoinitiators react when exposed to certain wavelengths of UV lights.\n\nThis means that when just a right type of light come in, it fiddles with particles inside the materials and forces them to throw out a part of them called electrons(or putting it more simply just emiting a certain type of energy). When those electrons are thrown out, they start to react with actual gel, causing what is called a polymerization rection.\n\nThanks to that additional energy, the molecules(the very small parts in the material) start to form chains. So instead of just floating around, molecules start to connect together in large groups, which makes the material solid instead of liquid."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
6v9mgf
|
why does the "strength" of a password matter?
|
Why would a password like "RandomWord123" be considered weaker than a randomly generated one like "WYDQF0f1Ccr & !sO5".
I understand passwords like "12345" could get bruteforced, but with keyloggers and people hacking into databases does it even matter how strong a password is?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6v9mgf/eli5_why_does_the_strength_of_a_password_matter/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dlyl1qn",
"dlyl54q",
"dlyl59q",
"dlyl5in",
"dlyl8hj",
"dlylanq",
"dlylj5l",
"dlym1q6",
"dlymaex",
"dlynf07",
"dlz85je"
],
"score": [
2,
2,
3,
2,
15,
7,
3,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"It doesn't really. Just don't use the same password in more than 1 places. 1234 can be bruteforced, so can apple1234. Avoid common words and numbers combinations",
"Hacker could use a method to Crack password which is called BruteForce. There is two types of BruteForce : one is testing all the different composition with all the letters et and all the digits which is very long (it depends of the length of the password) et the second one is using a dictionary, it could combine words in the dictionary with digits and this method much faster than the other. \nHowever, it still long to Crack a password which is not in the top ten most used password : \n\n123456\n123456789\nqwerty\n12345678\n111111\n1234567890\n1234567\npassword\n123123\n987654321",
" > and people hacking into databases\n\nIf your password can be found in the database, the person who implemented that database was incompetent. When someone hacks a database and gets the users table, what they're usually wanting is the ability to conveniently brute force passwords, *not* just a list of passwords already there. A service should not store your password.\n\nAs for keyloggers, there are a few things to note. A keylogger targets a specific user, rather than a specific service, which makes it a very different animal. If you create a website and allow its users to use simplistic passwords, then someone hacks your database and starts brute forcing, they might easily get tens of thousands of user accounts in one move, which could potentially destroy your entire business. Complex passwords don't protect against a keylogger, but someone can't hack *your site* to keylog your users, they need to infect a whole ton of people with a keylogger and maybe score a few who use your site. So as the creator of the site, it's a no-brainer to enforce complex passwords. \n\n",
"As you stated it will take longer if the key is complicated. For example 128-bit AES key you need 13.75 billion years with supercomputer. But if we are talking about simple 8 digit password probably it will be crack within 6-10 hours. Still it's a long time, in case of stolen database it is not applicable for all accounts. It might be useful for small quantity so the hackers doing that. They've spesific targets.",
" > but with keyloggers and people hacking into databases does it even matter how strong a password is?\n\nWith keyloggers you are correct, it doesn't matter how strong your password is, if you have a keylogger installed then it will record whatever password you enter.\n\nWith databases it's a different story. Passwords shouldn't be stored in databases as-is, so that if a hacker gets access to the database, they can't just extract all the passwords. Instead, a *hash* of the password is stored. A hash function is something that takes a string and transforms it into a seemingly random string of characters. The hash function is \"one-way\", i.e. it's not possible to figure from the hash value what the original string was, except for brute forcing it (i.e. trying every possible input until you get the desirable output). When you enter your password to login to somewhere, the backend server runs the hash function on the password you just entered and compares it to the value stored in the database. If you entered the correct password the values will match. There's also another mechanism in use called \"salting\", but we'll ignore that for now.\n\nSo why do you need a strong password? If the hacker managed to get a copy of the database, they now have the hash of your password. But they don't know what your original password was - they have to brute-force it. If your password is complex, brute-forcing become unfeasible.",
"Any good brute force program will start with a dictionary of \"passwords\"' which will have things like names and birthdays and common words.\n\n_URL_0_\n\nWebsites force people to have a decently long password and include numbers because if you let the average idiot choose any password they want they will choose a much simpler and shorter password that will be easily guessed by someone who knows about these things. \n\nBrute force only works if the password attempts are unlimited.\n\nWith any decent limited password entry even with 5 wrong attempts resetting every 10mins, You would have to be very lucky to get the password within any sensible amount of time.\n\nAnd the target would likely get an email warning him of the attack.\n\nkeyloggers are a different story. My bank issues me with a keychain token code. The code changes every 10 secs or whatever and i have to enter that code to access my online bank. \n\nI could tell you my banking Id and my password and you would still not be able to transfer money out of my bank unless you had the physical access to the token.\n\nmy other bank doesnt have a token but it sends me a text message code that i have to enter.\n\nSame principle. You would need to have my banking ID, my password and access to my phone. \n\n\n\n\n",
"So say you're brute forcing a list of hashed passwords. That takes a long time if a password has enough characters, since it has to cycle through every possible combination of characters. So what if you could make the combinations you have to cycle through less? Remember that if crackers have a copy of the hashed passwords, they don't need to crack 100% of them. Hell, they may only need one if they're trying to get a login to a system. So how do you make the number of possibilities smaller? Well, if you stuck to only alpha characters, and no numbers or special characters, that means there's a *lot* less possibilities for each character, so you can cycle through combinations a lot faster. What cuts it down even more is if you stick to words in the dictionary. They say the average English speaker only knows about 20,000 words...even in combination, that's not a lot for a computer to get through. So that'll probably be their first pass. Basically, they start with the easy possibilities, since they're really quick to get through, and then move on to harder and harder methods until they think the rest isn't worth it. So as an admin, you restrict the passwords to not allow the easiest methods to crack. It's kind of a trade-off, though...if you make the rules too hard, people forget, and that creates problems. And of course the other thing is that the whole commonly used \"password questions\" thing isn't really very secure. There are a *lot* of people who probably have all of the answers to their password questions on their Facebook somewhere.\n\nIncidentally, [Ars Technica wrote a really neat article](_URL_0_) about a group of crackers and how they went through a publicly leaked password file. It's very enlightening.",
"Passwords aren't stored in the database as plain text. They are hashed into random gibberish like \"241c8b4a75eb97cb8622ff1c6a3461d575fc5ded\" ([SHA-1 hash of RandomWord123, quite common algorithm](_URL_0_)). If you log in, your password gets hashed again, and gets checked against the stored hash without ever storing your real password. \n\nWhen someone cracks a database, the best they can do is hash random passwords, and see if they match up with one of the hashes they found. Nowadays they don't go with the aaaaaaaaa - > aaaaaaaab - > ... strategy anymore. For longer passwords (9-10 characters) it takes years to crack all possibilities. Now they use dictionaries with known passwords (from previous hacks for example) to try the most likely passwords. These dictionaries can include rule sets like adding 123, an underscore, changing an a into @, ... A password like RandomWord123 is very likely to be in their set. \n\nSo the best option to choose passwords is by using a password manager (LastPass is most known). Then you can generate (and store) a random 12 or 14 character password that is very unlikely to be in a dictionary. Also, you should generate a new password for every site. If one of your passwords should get cracked, you can be sure it is tested for all your other accounts. ",
"*Most* passwords are stored as hashes in databases. As everyone else said, this is a one-way system where \"password\" can become \"JwpvGjCtzOsbhLvdin\", and no matter what a hacker does, they will not be able to turn that mess back into a usable password.\n\nYou can try this yourself. Take a number between 1 and 10, and get the remainder of dividing by 3. If I chose 5:\n\n5/3 = 1 **remainder 2**\n\nThis is a very, *very* primitive example of a hash. If I told you \"here is the hash 2, try to find what number was used to create it\" but never told you the formula, you would have little idea where to start. Our hash will also give the number \"2\" for every third number in existence. 2, 5, 8, 11, the list is endless. This is how hashes work, although on a much more complex scale. Hashes do not have repeating possible values like this example, because that would really suck if 1 in every 3 random password strings could log into our account.\n\nSome hashes are also salted. This is where information about the user is added to the formula for the hash, meaning two users with identical passwords will have different hashes because of their unique data (this could be the time and date they joined, for example). Usually, if the hash database is salted and secure, there is no real difference between \"password\" and \"nOGmT05B\", as both will generate wildly different and unpredictable hashes. If a million users all have \"password\" as their password, but the database is salted, then not one of these will appear identical to another.\n\nThe problem arises when salting is not used (and this happens more than you believe) Then, a million users all with the password \"password\" will have identical hashes in the database, by putting the same passwords through the same generator with no random data. A hacker looking in can then look for the most common hash, and assume that all those people are using something like \"123456\" or \"password\". For this reason, a unique password that few other people have is more secure.\n\nBrute forcing a password that is not related to you will take longer than the lifespan of the universe. Lets say your password is \"PizzaAeroplanePromenade\". Three entirely random words. A brute force attack has to start at the dictionary, and try to do this:\n\nAardvark, Aback, Abacus...\n\nThen start over but hold the first word of the dictionary in front:\n\nAardvarkAardvark, AardvarkAback, AardvarkAbacus...\n\nThey would have to do this for every word in the dictionary, until they get to the three word combination matching your password. Even if they use a letter system and not a word system, it would be impossible to find it in any given time. Doing the same thing where the dictionary is your facebook info page will obviously take less time, so if your password is the name of all your pets one after the other, you may want to change it.",
"Brute forcing is trying every possible permutation. It is the *worst* way to try and crack a password. If you know that (made up figure) 80% of people use dictionary words, you'd go through the dictionary instead and have an 80% chance of cracking it faster than brute force. It's faster because not every permutation of letters is a word. e.g., WYDQF in your example is not a word, so we could skip that letter group and speed up the search. The strength of a password makes a brute force attack more difficult. ",
"Because the first thing a brute force attack will do is try various combinations of common strings of letters. That will include dictionary words and \"123\". Attempting the all possible two-word combinations of the 1000 most common words is only takes a million tries, and checking for capitalized start letters only ups that to 4 million. Tacking on common number combos to the end (0-31, 1970-2000, 123, 1234, 12345) gets you to about a quarter billion, still quite manageable for a brute force attack."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.passwordrandom.com/most-popular-passwords"
],
[
"https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/05/how-crackers-make-minced-meat-out-of-your-passwords/"
],
[
"http://www.miraclesalad.com/webtools/sha1.php"
],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
6nslv1
|
why do babies not respond to noise whilst sleeping the same way adults do?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6nslv1/eli5_why_do_babies_not_respond_to_noise_whilst/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dkbvjr6",
"dkbvjxy",
"dkc0evp",
"dkc2l15",
"dkc5czz",
"dkc6m97",
"dkc7d5n"
],
"score": [
191,
15,
5,
3,
2,
3,
5
],
"text": [
"They do. Just like adults some are heaver sleepers than others and sometimes they wake up but go back to sleep right away.\n\nI have 2 friends both who had babies at around the same time. One friend cannot even have the TV on downstairs or the baby wakes up. The other friend had 3 guys over drinking, playing video games and yelling at the TV all night and the baby was asleep IN THE ROOM the entire time. ",
"Babies vary greatly in their sleep style. It sounds like you have a particular style in mind; would you describe more what you're asking about?",
"Try telling that to my son, when he was a baby he's wake him up just walking past his room!",
"How many adults do you watch sleep?",
"I have a 7 week old and find that her sleep depends on her mood. If she is fighting sleep but it gets the better of her, she will wake up much easier, kinda like she's waiting for the moment to spring into action. If she is ready for a nap and goes off with her bottle, I find that loud noises don't bother her. Loud sounds such as hair dryers are often used to sooth babies to sleep too. I guess it depends on the type of baby and the type of mood they're in",
"Don't know where you are finding these magical immune to noise children but I have 3 daughters and never noticed any difference in the way they sleep as opposed to how anyone else sleeps. Sometimes they are light sleepers and sometimes they can sleep through the apocalypse. All depends",
"There is another issue that no one has mentioned - it depends on the phase of sleep the adult or baby is in when the noise is made. There are many reports of people sleeping through fire alarms going off. When you are deep sleep it can be very hard to wake up, even shaking and yelling may not be enough. In other phases of sleep you can be woken by leaves rustling . . .\n\nWe also trained our kids to sleep through noise by not being quiet when they were sleeping. My teenager was sleeping through me hammering nails on the porch 10 feet from his room yesterday morning!\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
38wnw4
|
is there a human limit to the 100m world record?
|
It doesn't seem to hard to believe that every few years a top sprinter will shave 0.01 or 0.02 off the record.
So it stands to reason that over hundreds or thousands of years, the world record will become something like 0.5 seconds.
But this seems ridiculous. And given that evolution works so slowly, it's not like we'd "evolve" into a species that could achieve this.
So whilst it seems inevitable that we'll keep shaving hundredths of a second off the record, it also seems impossible that it would get below a certain point.
Is it possible to calculate what that point is? Or does that point not really exist?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/38wnw4/eli5is_there_a_human_limit_to_the_100m_world/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cryenj3",
"cryg5oz",
"crymq6w"
],
"score": [
5,
9,
3
],
"text": [
"The new records have less to do with evolution, more to do with advancements in training methods, nutrition, etc. Attempts to calculate hard upper limits have often been futile, like how they said a 4 minute mile was impossible, until someone did it. Then a lot of other people saw it was possible and started doing it. However, aside from muscular strength/speed, sprinting requires the ability to endure a lot of stress in the connective tissues, which may wind up being the limiting factor.",
"Yes, there is: somewhere between 1s and 9.50s, but we don't know exactly where it is, because of the Sorites paradox.",
"David Epstein does a great [Ted Talk](_URL_0_) about the factors leading into breaking records like this. So theoretically there would be a certain point humans cannot physically get below but the record may keep decreasing .01 or .02 seconds past that. \n\nEdit: the record may keep decreasing due to factors such as the surface running on, etc. Similar to how swimming records were shattered with the introduction of a suit that made the body more buoyant."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8COaMKbNrX0"
]
] |
|
6hpwxt
|
why is it h2o that fills the world's oceans and lakes and not some other liquid?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6hpwxt/eli5_why_is_it_h2o_that_fills_the_worlds_oceans/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dj07d17"
],
"score": [
18
],
"text": [
"For starters, there simply are not many substances which are liquid at the temperature range Earth's crust experiences. And of those, none are nearly as abundant on our planet than water. But go to some other planet or moon where the temperature is colder, and you might find oceans of liquids that would be gas at the temperature of our planet. Saturn's moon, Titan for example, has lakes of liquid methane."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
2log9y
|
the recent uk vs eu (especially merkel) conflict?
|
UK doesn't want to have too many immigrants from the EU since they come to the UK and leech off benefits. Why not stop giving them the benefits? (For example, in some countries you only get unemployment benefits for a few months, then you're cut off).
Or am I missing something and there are other reasons UK doesn't like immigration and EU policies?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2log9y/eli5_the_recent_uk_vs_eu_especially_merkel/
|
{
"a_id": [
"clwniaw",
"clwqooo",
"clws7ku",
"clx1apk"
],
"score": [
9,
2,
14,
2
],
"text": [
"There are already limits on benefits for EU migrants, and I think more are being introduced. However, people are still concerned that over the long term the migrants will take more than the contribute in taxes (which is also true of many British citizens of course).\n\nBear in mind that what people believe about immigration isn't necessarily true. Recently there has been a study published saying that so far immigrants from the post-2004 EU countries have made a positive contribution in taxes so far. But that doesn't stop people believing that most of them are benefit scroungers.",
" > Why not stop giving them the benefits? (For example, in some countries you only get unemployment benefits for a few months, then you're cut off).\n\nEven after the unemployment benefits run out, other benefits kick in. That's the point of the welfare state: nobody should ever be destitute. The difference, in most places, is simply that unemployment benefit is calculated with reference to your last wage; other welfare payments are not. In the UK, there are things like housing benefit, child benefit, social security and so on and so on.\n\nAlso, the point of the EU is that all EU citizens are accorded the same rights. That is, if you are (for example) a German living in the UK, you have the same rights as UK citizens to UK welfare benefits.\n\n > am I missing something and there are other reasons UK doesn't like immigration and EU policies? \n\nIn recent years, the Conservative Party has been losing supporters and votes to the UK Independence Party (UKIP). Founded originally as a mainstream movement that simply thought Britain should withdraw from the EU, UKIP has since been pulled quite far to the right, and is now strongly anti-immigration. There's actually little evidence that EU immigrants are \"leeching\" off the UK, but that's the narrative coming from UKIP, and it's finding widespread support (especially in areas where immigration is low -- it turns out that the people who are most strongly against immigration are often people who have never met an immigrant). This is coming at the cost of the Conservative Party, and with elections due next year, the Conservatives are trying to stop this haemorrhaging of support. They have chosen to take the path of least resistance, and simply adopt a \"tough on immigration\" stance.",
"**Edit: GOLD! My first time! Thank you fellow redditor!!**\n\nEnglishman here, hoping to be able to shine a little light on this. Disclaimer: Please bear in mind all the information I give you here is what I see, am told and have found on the subject. I could very easily be wrong.\n\nFirst thing to understand: Immigration is a seriously hot topic in politics right now. Not just EU immigration but illegal immigrants and asylum seekers from outside the EU as well. This may seem irrelevant to the question you asked, but I'll come back to it.\n\nSecond thing: Britain has a jobseekers welfare structure that operates differently from say, the United States. From what I understand the United States jobseekers welfare system is based on previous earnings and has a time limit. In the UK this is not the case.\n\nAs I have never spoken to an asylum seeker in depth about the process, I'm not 100% sure about how much they do or do not have access to, however my understanding says that once asylum is granted, they are eligible for similar levels of social welfare as any other UK citizen. I think the same applies to any citizen of an EU member nation.\n\nBack to the issue of immigration: It has been pretty big for decades. The Labour Government in 2002-2010 was pretty lax on immigration and as such, the UK was flooded with migrants.\n\n_URL_2_\n\nIt has reached some pretty serious proportions in the present day: Leicester (Pop. 329,600 - 2011) is now a city where Caucasians are the minority. This has had some far reaching implications: entire Muslim Communities exist in Leicester with people speaking foreign languages (please don't ask me to name them all) in public and in stores, Mosques broadcasting prayers on loudpseakers outside and local welfare readily available in a variety of dialects.\n\nThis is always the example held up to say that immigrants are taking over. Whilst the original fact is true, the proposition drawn from that is ludicrous and flies in the face of facts: EU migrants have recently been shown to boost economy by £20 billion: _URL_0_\n\nBut this isn't what we are told, or shown. Demand has seen shops for all nationalities open up all over the place: Kurdish, Polish, Halal and Asian supermarkets (to name a few) are a common sight (at least for me). Passing people speaking foreign languages is also a common occurrence. I've just accepted it at this point.\n\nWhenever the immigration debate is discussed the focus is always on the worst aspects of it: All immigrants are lazy, workshy, scroungers who illegally enter the United Kingdom, have 4 or 5 children and live on social welfare for the rest of their days. If you want to see this narrative action, look at the Daily Mail. Keep a vomit bag on standby.\n\nThe Conservative Government wanting tighter immigration controls with regard to the EU is throwing out the baby with the bathwater so to speak.\n\nAfter all that is said and done, media narrative here has been anti-EU for a while now: We've seen Greece, Spain and Ireland fall apart under the Euro (which we stayed out of) and now we have been asked by the EU to cough up an extra £1.7 billion to fund them: _URL_1_\n\nBoth of these paired with the rise and rise of right wing policitical movements such as the British National Party, United Kingdom Independence Party, Britain First and the English Democrats is why our government wants out of the EU and is conning the public into thinking that is a really good idea.\n\n**TL;DR: Patriorism gone rampant. We are told half of all immigrants are lazy, workshy, scroungers who breed, collect welfare forever and commit lots of crime. Those that aren't are taking all the jobs that British people should have. Also we pay too much to the EU and they get to tell us what to do, which we don't like.**\n\nAnyways I hope this has helped, sorry it is so long. If I can answer any more questions or provide any more information, please let me know.",
"there is a rising group of folks in UK that want out of Europe, the new protest party (the big party that isn't the main 2) is UKIP which wants UK independence. This is mostly folks who vote conservative so the party in government (conservatives) are looking to get some of those votes back by putting pressure on the EU to try and get some benefits from the EU back, stuff like not paying so much money in, or not having to take all the directives (one particular one is the prisoners getting the right to vote which irks a lot of folks. the big one is immigration being relatively easy through the EU) \n\nThe misconception about immigration in UK is rampant though, they do have capped benefits, they get the jobs because they work harder for less money, and often have less of a shitty work attitude and all incidents with immigrants are blown up (recent child grooming and sex abuse scandal in rotherham for instance) the tabloid media takes this and just goes all pakistani men are doing this, we need them all out and so on.\n\nImmigration is a easy target for people who hate stuff, polish guy at your work when you got laid off? their taking your jobs. romanian staff at a bar? jobs. polish shops popping up? taking over the streets. mosques popping up? muslims are trying to enact sharia law. Immigrant in a nice council how near you? they get whatever benefits they want here.\n\nits just a easy target for people trying to rail against something can pick up on, and immigration in EU is a easy target to get people to hate the EU and want out. \n\nThe conflict arises because the conservatives need to appeal to the voters who want out of EU by getting benefits from the EU, as those voters will go UKIP or Labour, so they have said, okay referendum in 2017 in or out of EU, and we will get a better deal for UK. Merkel and other leaders aren't a fan, understandably so, because why should UK get a better deal? The point of the EU is that everyone bears the same hardships, to get the same benefits. \n\n\n\nTL:DR - Immigration is just one part of what some people have a problem with EU about, as its a relatively easy target to get enflamed about, one story by the media can be spun however, while facts and figures get ignored. \n\nGoverning party are losing votes as many of them want out of Europe, are switching votes to UKIP who promise to get out of EU, have said about a referendum + better position in the EU.\nEU heads aren't a fan, because idea isn't that you pick and choose the best parts. \n\nImmigration is seen as a key point about EU membership due to UKIP, another problem is laws being made in Brussels, despite not being many. The media riles up support v immigrants/EU by spinning stories, makes the problem worse. \n\n\n\nif anyone has any questions, shoot "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[
"http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/nov/05/eu-migrants-uk-gains-20bn-ucl-study",
"http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/06/britain-european-union-surcharge-bill-q-and-a",
"http://news.sky.com/story/1154577/labour-got-it-wrong-on-immigration"
],
[]
] |
|
4tv6nq
|
how does anticipation alter my perception of the passing of time?
|
When we're excited for something like a twenty minute drive seems much longer while the return trip home goes by much quicker. How exactly does the anticipation change my perception of time's passing?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4tv6nq/eli5_how_does_anticipation_alter_my_perception_of/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d5kl489",
"d5klbvg"
],
"score": [
4,
3
],
"text": [
"Your perception of time comes after the time has past. If the whole way to a location you are constantly checking how much longer is left, you will remember a lot of the wait. On the way back, your thoughts are else where and you don't have as many memories of the ride.",
"when you are in anticipation of something, you usually pay more attention to the things around you. eg:the time. \nwhen you pay more attention to the things around you, time seems to pass more slowly because we record more of the experience. it's like when you are in a life-threatening situation and time seems to slow down, this is because you are paying more attention to your surroundings and recording every detail in your mind. \n\nthe more attention you pay, the slower time passes."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
25rr57
|
what happens when i put a magnet up to a computer monitor, or television screen.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/25rr57/eli5_what_happens_when_i_put_a_magnet_up_to_a/
|
{
"a_id": [
"chk3t9u"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"A CRT display is based on firing a beam of electrons at a coated surface that lights up when hit by electrons. The display is controlled using an electromagnet to deflect the beam, so that the right bits light up to make the desired image. Moving another magnet close to the display messes up this control system. \nNewer display technologies like LCDs shouldn't be affected this way though, as they don't rely on controlling the magnetic field."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
3afhaq
|
why does my 100% wheat bread take longer to toast than my normal white bread?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3afhaq/eli5_why_does_my_100_wheat_bread_take_longer_to/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cscgrkd"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Wheat bread is denser. \n\nExample: Try to light a cotton ball on fire. Sure it lights on fire as is, but want to make it light on fire faster, stretch it out and lower the density. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
1n6596
|
online universities and their value over a traditional degree. is a degree from one just as good from the other?
|
If two applicants had the same degree, one from an Online U and the other from a local 4 year college, would this matter in a hiring process?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1n6596/eli5_online_universities_and_their_value_over_a/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ccfprz4",
"ccfrsvj"
],
"score": [
5,
2
],
"text": [
"In the UK this depends entirely on the reputation of the University. We have the Open University, which was established in 1969 specifically for distance learning regardless of previous qualifications. In 2009/10 it enrolled 250,000 students and in 2011 was ranked in the top 40 UK Universities and top 500 globally - quite an achievement for such a junior establishment.\n\nAs a result degrees from the OU are well thought of and, because they are often taken by students in full time work, are indicative of good self discipline, organisation, motivation and dedication.",
"Degrees from online universities are not valued the same as traditional degrees. Traditional degrees are still considered (for lack of a better term) better, or more valuable.\n\nTwo possible explanations: Universities often have their particular programs accredited by third party sources. For example, the AACSB gives accreditation to universities' business schools. It shows that (even if an employer has never heard of the particular school),that the school has been vetted and is competent. Similarly, it can be taken that if a school's program is not accredited, it is not viewed to be as competent. Online universities are still catching up with accreditation. A corollary to this is if you attend a school not accredited, you may not be able to transfer credits for relevant coursework to an accredited university.\n\nThe other reason why online colleges are not seen as valuable is because often times (but understandably, not always), online colleges are for-profit ventures. While I understand that 'seeking financial solvency' is a goal held by all institutions of higher learning, the fact that online colleges are explicit in their goals of turning a profit is seen as unseemly and the online schools are viewed with suspicion as being degree mills. There are for-profit brick and mortar schools, too. And they are met with the same suspicion compared to a traditional 4 yr university. \n\nIn the next 20 years, I think the perception will change. Part of that will be traditional colleges will start to offer coursework online and part of it will be (some) for-profit colleges will take the next step and instead of being degree mills, will start to align their programs against traditional colleges and attain accreditation standards."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
3i3e54
|
why do credit scores start at 300?
|
That is, as opposed to starting at 1 and going to 550... or any other number for that matter. 300 seems like an arbitrary place to begin. Is there a reason behind it, or does it simply sound better
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3i3e54/eli5_why_do_credit_scores_start_at_300/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cud4e6a",
"cud5m69",
"cudmw9t"
],
"score": [
5,
101,
4
],
"text": [
"I thought they started at 400 ?",
"They start at 350 and go to 850, typically. You'll note that this is actually just a 500 point range. Which, when doubling the score, is out of 1000 points. **Creditscores, at the end of the day are just a rating, from 0 to 1, of how likely a person is to pay pack money borrowed.** So, in the 350/850 range example, take you score, subtract 350, double it, divide by 1000 -- that's the percentage confidence the algorithm has you'll pay back money.\n\nFor example:\n\n Score: 760\n -350: 410\n x2: 820\n /1000: 0.82\n Likelyhood of \n repaying? : 82%\n\nThen the lender can take that number plug it in to their own models and figure out what rate of interest to charge or if they'll even lend to you.\n\nMy personal opinion is that this is a ego soothing maneuver. Which sounds better: a `score of 400` or `10% chance of repayment`",
"It's arbitrary, but based on many years of marketing. Originally the scores were a number between -10 and 10 (or some similar range, I don't recall the exact upper and lower limit). Then people figured out that having negative scores made people feel bad, and increased math errors back when a lot of this was done manually. Likewise, decimal numbers confused a lot of people and led to calculation errors, so it was switched to only three digit positive numbers. I don't know where exactly the 350 lower limit came from (it does vary a little by credit score), but my guess is that numbers lower than that just sounded \"too low\". \n\nThe score is a proxy for odds of repayment, and it's not linear. Depending on the score, a gain of 20-30 points roughly doubles your odds of repayment on the loan. Obviously it depends on the loan, and many other factors not in the generic credit score, but that's a good rule of thumb.\n\nSource: Previously worked as a mathematician at FICO, where all this stuff started."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
7w4oxa
|
why plasticizers like bpa are so bad for human bodies, and are there safe options?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7w4oxa/eli5_why_plasticizers_like_bpa_are_so_bad_for/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dtxh4o8",
"dtxm33p",
"dtxr3zh"
],
"score": [
17,
4,
3
],
"text": [
"This really depends on the individual material. BPA specifically can mimic the hormone estrogen, tricking your body that it has higher levels of estrogen than it really does. DEHP may prevent the hormone androgen from doing its thing in the body. DINP may help cause cancer. TEC on the other hand is mostly harmless.",
"BPA is an estrogen simulating molecule. It causes the body to react as though there were more estrogen than it produces itself. This can cause health issues - such as men growing boobs and becoming infertile, women gaining weight and becoming infertile.\n\nThere are safe alternatives such as TEC but mostly manufacturers have chosen to replace BPA with other types of 'phathalates' which also simulate estrogen, in some cases more strongly than BPA. Then they label it 'BPA free'.",
"Hmm, I am not an expert on the biological effects of plasticizers, but I can tell you of some alternatives. BPA (Bisphenol A) is great to use in terms of material properties because they have great water, which is necessary for producing the material in an industrial setting, as well as making sure the end material is stable enough for the end user. It is because of these resistances that they were/are heavily used in polycarbonate production, which is used for water bottles, food packaging, some medical applications, etc.\n\nWhen I was getting my PhD, my main focus was designing bioplastics, so some of the alternatives we examined were a natural rubber latex, water, and glycerol (which was the best in my opinion). Glycerol (or glycerides) would be a perfect alternative, as they can help act as a plasticizer, and they are already used in food additives. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
1rtneh
|
why do guns make clicking sounds when they are raised/lowered? what's making that sound?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1rtneh/why_do_guns_make_clicking_sounds_when_they_are/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cdqrh7r",
"cdqrkxu",
"cdqsyke"
],
"score": [
4,
7,
3
],
"text": [
"Do you mean in the movies.",
"Guns don't inherently make that sound when they're being raised. It's typically added into movies to make it more dramatic, it's supposed to be the sound of the shooter cocking or releasing the hammer.",
"They don't. Some movie sound effects guys decided that they needed an audio cue to draw the audience's attention to the gun and it became standard in movies and TV. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
93wuhu
|
why does hiking the same hike quicker use less calories?
|
[deleted]
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/93wuhu/eli5_why_does_hiking_the_same_hike_quicker_use/
|
{
"a_id": [
"e3gk53e"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"There is wasted energy in moving at all. Moving at higher speeds is more efficient and therefore using less energy to move the total distance. The human body is most efficient at a jog to run and uses the least energy. Walking and sprinting are our least efficient and use the most energy."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
37ny52
|
why is it animal breeding a totally acceptable practice while eugenics is pretty much universally rejected as immoral?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/37ny52/eli5why_is_it_animal_breeding_a_totally/
|
{
"a_id": [
"crobq2d",
"croby5s"
],
"score": [
7,
3
],
"text": [
"Why is it an acceptable practice to raise, butcher, and then consume millions of animals, while genocide is pretty much universally rejected as immoral?\n\nThe value of human and animal lives are not equal according to most people. ",
"Human eugenics actually was a pretty hot topic prior to World War 2, but then became kind of taboo because the Nazis appropriated it as part of their racial purity movement. However, China actually does have eugenics programs for athletes, Yao Ming's parents were both prolific athletes who got together at the government's behest."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
2emzrb
|
how does isis know who to kill in regards as to who is sunni and who is shia?
|
I read a news story earlier that ISIS would separate the Shia from the Sunni and then killed all of the Shias.. How do they know who is who? And why can't the people just lie to them in order to stay alive?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2emzrb/eli5_how_does_isis_know_who_to_kill_in_regards_as/
|
{
"a_id": [
"clen2a2",
"ck0zy9k",
"ck0zz3z",
"ck10f96",
"ck10l3j",
"ck10uyi",
"ck116tf",
"ck11hhz",
"ck14e42",
"ck18eh2",
"ck1d1a7",
"ck1hsxn",
"ck1i7dk",
"ck1l7y4"
],
"score": [
2,
44,
8,
2,
12,
2,
29,
199,
6,
4,
6,
2,
6,
3
],
"text": [
"Actually its just that Shia's have their towns and ISIS attacks it,if u are sunni who live there,u'd probably get the fuck out because u don't give a fuck if they took over,if u stayed and fought them then it wouldn't really matter if u were either",
"They don't always separate them \"successfully\" ISIS has been killing indiscriminately for some time.",
"This video will help to show how they ask / find out \n\nwarning: NSFW \n\n_URL_0_\n\n",
"that's depressing. \nWhy did I fucking watch it. ",
"You know, catholics and protestants used to be executed by the British Tudor dynasty depending on the religion of the current monarch.\n\nThe same question applies there: why not just pretend? \n\nWell, would you lie if you thought the fate of your immortal soul was at stake? If you believed lying would send you to Hell, and the truth would get you into Paradise even if it meant your Earthly demise?\n\nThe faithful - the *genuinely* faithful - view their faith as the inerrant truth and are convinced that they will be punished for denying God by missing out on heaven, or maybe even going to hell. And if believes that that their immortal soul is at stake should they lie, then they're weighing theirr one shot at Paradise versus brief humiliation, fear, and death.\n\nThose of us who don't believe in any kind of an afterlife can see the obvious practical benefits of lying through your teeth to live longer. But faith in an afterlife and fear of going to the wrong one will drive a person to fatal honesty in these circumstances.",
"They ask you specific questions about the religions that you would answer correctly if you were Sunni. Obviously its not a full proof method but it will get people who obviously know nothing about being Sunni.",
"It is actually fairly easy to tell based on conversation. It is like trying to find out if someone is Protestant or Catholic; you can ask them questions about Catholic liturgy and ritual and a Protestant probably won't be able to answer.",
"Ok most of the answers in her are either wrong or missing important information so I'll give you what I know since I live in the middle east.\n\nTheir technique is to spread by land and impose their rules on people, so when they reach a new town and add it to their \"country\" the people of the town are given two choices, if you are Muslim support us or we'll considered you an enemy and kill you, it you're not a Muslim, convert to Islam and you'll be one of us and live your life under the IS rule with dignity and love, if you don't [convert to Islam], you can still live under the rule of IS but you must pay small amount of money to the state and we'll protect you, and if you refuse to pay we'll consider you an enemy of the state.\nAnd when it comes to shia's and Sunni's, they asks them specific questions like how many times do you pray and other questions that is hard for that person to know unless he is Sunni or shiaat. \n\nThis is how they know who's with them and who's against them, it doesn't matter if someone manages to lie to them and stay alive and living in the city because as long as they have people to rule then they're powerful.",
"Shia and Sunni Muslims sometimes have specific first and/or last names that identify them as such ",
"Your neighbors probably know and you would have a few different religious books and rules to follow. You can probably lie but they would expect you to act accordingly under Sharia law. Anything not in strict accordance would be punished.",
"They have murdered lots of Sunni. It is not just a Shia/Sunni dichotomy.\n\nIt is about power. Being Sunni is not enough, being Sunni and accepting/supporting them is required to stay alive.\n\nBut even the above is not sufficient. Any doubt about you/ any operational need and voila to be a proper Sunni now you need to be a suicide bomber. What you are not? Traitor/apostate. Either die now or become suicide bomber. Evidently not everyone is treated this way, just rather according to operational needs. ",
"If you think about it, there have often been different groups fighting who pretty much looked a like. How did they tell the different ethnic groups apart in the Yugoslavian civil wars? How did they tell Tutsis and Hutus apart in Rwanda? How did they tell Jews apart from Gentiles in Germany?\n\nIn many cases in other places they sometimes had difficulty distinguishing members of the target group(s). So I'm guessing ISI can't always tell and some people may try to hide their background to avoid being killed.",
"As an Arab who lives in the western world, i'm watching news from all sides.\nI watched western news and arabian news and a thing i seem to notice is that western sources are not reporting that ISIS don't seem to care about who they kill, they kill indiscriminatly.\nThey have even had destroyed a prophets' grave and temple which is a very big offense in islam and neither a Sunni or Shia would do this. A lot of Iraqi and Syrian people think they're not even really muslims but just fake it because a lot of ISIS people don't even look like middle eastern people and do things no muslim would ever do.\nAlso, some people have recordings of ISIS men speaking western languages like English, Dutch and German during their fights.\nThere are a lot of conspiracies going on right now and no one is sure who or what ISIS actually are\n\nBy no means can I confirm who actually gives the right reportings but I just take all the information, think about what the most logic things are and see that as true, even though it can be hard and confusing at times so i'm never actually sure.",
"In Syria there were national ID cards and on Iraqi driver licenses your religion is on there as well. ISIS looks up your ID onto a national database. It's been shown many times in their videos."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[
"http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=744_1377386471"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
18z6ja
|
why do it people love pushing ie?
|
I attended a seminar and part of it was I guess IT professionals telling people to run updates and keep IE up to date.
The local hospital system I am affiliated with only uses and supports IE. Every presentation was in powerpoint and everyone only had IE on their desktop.
I thought IE was supposed to be bad? Is it job security for them? Are they just bad?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/18z6ja/why_do_it_people_love_pushing_ie/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c8jaqjl",
"c8jbtli",
"c8jdli2",
"c8jvyht"
],
"score": [
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"IE9 and IE10 aren't necessarily insecure. It's mostly the older versions. Plus, Internet Explorer is easy to administer.\n\nWhenever you see a company that still uses IE8 or older, it's usually because they have a legacy app that requires a specific version.",
"Independent web developer here. IE has a history of completely disregarding standards. Things that work in all the other major browsers wouldn't in IE. Admittedly, IE has gotten a lot better recently, but it's still terrible for web developers, as it is sluggish to adopt new features. For example, text shadows are part of the CSS3 standard. Every major browser supports them. But not IE. They have some ancient unstandardized filter system that can *kinda* replicate the results, but it's still a royal pain for web developers. Even further, things like those filters are bad because they render sites incompatible with other browsers.\n\nSo for example, lets say your hospital site used just filters. Now you have to use IE and cannot leave it for another browser without making some big changes to the site. That's the main reason that IE is, or was, hated. Ever seen a website that forces you to use IE? It's probably because of these IE-only non-standards.\n\nBut even further for web developers, it's difficult to test something on IE. A Linux or Mac web developer can't test their site on IE without finding a Windows machine or using a virtual machine.\n\nWith that being said, that's current day IE. In the past, IE was known for being slow and having poor security, but those are largely non-issue today. It's mostly the non-standardization that's the reason people still dislike IE.",
"There's an old saying in business computing, \"nobody ever got fired for buying IBM\". The same can be said about Microsoft.\n\nThey're forced to run Windows on PCs. If they stick with the browser that comes with the operating system and something goes wrong with it, they never did anything wrong. If they install Firefox and something goes wrong, management will see it as something they fucked up. You don't want management to think you fucked up.\n\nOn top of that, IE is cleanly tied into all of the corporate IT stuff they're already using to manage their networks. It updates with MSFT software update. It can be managed by domain policies.\n\nThen, you have the compatibility issue. A big company has a lot of smaller groups inside of it. All of these people have their own web sites & web applications. Upgrading to a new browser would require them to verify every single one of them.",
"Most *good* IT people don't like IE, and don't use it unless necessary. \n\nThe problem is there are dozens of crappy business applications/sites that a company might use that were built 5+ years ago that only work with IE. At a certain scale, it becomes more complex and requires more man hours to ensure compatibility between all of the diverse applications and browsers, along with testing updates, deploying security updates, and so on.\n\nAdditionally, a side impact of regulatory compliance (say, HIPAA or PCI) may require central management of browser settings to meet specific control requirements. This is much easier to achieve with IE and Windows (see some of the stuff that can be configured at _URL_0_), though other browsers (Chrome especially) are getting better. \n\nIn general, corporate IT departments are understaffed, under-budgeted, slow, laborious beasts forced to adhere to very bureaucratic processes and oversights from people with no technical experience. Thus, a typical saying becomes \"noone ever gets fired for buying Microsoft/IBM/Cisco\", it's a known entity, and it makes executives feel warm and fuzzy to think (often incorrectly) \"we're paying them so much $, so if there is a problem they have to fix it\" \n\n\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://gpsearch.azurewebsites.net/#386"
]
] |
|
618hmz
|
what is m-103 and sharia law all about? how are they connected and why are so many people against it?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/618hmz/eli5_what_is_m103_and_sharia_law_all_about_how/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dfcht9d",
"dfchtrc",
"dfcklmx",
"dfcw1q6"
],
"score": [
2,
25,
8,
2
],
"text": [
"Idk about the m103. What I do know is that Sharia involves making everyone a follower of Allah. If you do not want to be one you must pay a very heavy tax and be humiliated ect essentially until you become one. It's essentially dictator Islam. ",
"M103 basically condemns islamaphobia, however no clear definition of islamaphobia is given thus you could say something like \"I don't think Allah exists\" and it would be considered islamaphobia. The fact that it's for Islam alone and it is essentially an assault of free speech means it's not that popular. Sharia law is basically a governing moral system in Muslim majority countries derived from Islam. It states stuff like husbands can beat their wives and generally really oppressive things about women. ",
"People are against Shariah law because of many reasons:\n\n* It allows domestic abuse\n* Women have less rights than men\n* Marriage and sex with pre-pubescent girls is allowed\n* Raping women is allowed\n* It allows the stoning of people (including those women who have been raped)\n* People who drink and gamble are to be whipped\n* Homosexuals should be executed \n* Sex outwith marriage? You'd be stoned/whipped\n* Slavery is allowed\n\nThere are other reasons I'm sure, but these are the main ones I can find. \n\nM-103 condemns Islamophobia, which hasn't got a clear definition so could be interpreted as anything. This means that you could simply criticise the religion and you're being Islamophobic. A problem with this is Islam needs to be reformed to make it more compatible with the modern world (and things such as human rights, woman rights, LGBTQ rights etc.).\n\n\n\nSources:\n\n[1](_URL_2_), [2](_URL_0_), [3](_URL_1_)",
"Many Muslim countries don't make a clear distinction between religious law and civil law. In many cases, religious courts have full legal authority and can sentence you to prison or even execute you for violating religious law. This is what most people mean by Sharia law. Note the Islam is not unique in this regard, there are many countries that let religious law intrude upon civil law.\n\nSharia law has become something of a bugaboo, with many anti-Islam anti-immigration types claiming that allowing Muslims into the country is a slippery slope that will lead to Sharia law.\n\n\n\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[
"http://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2005/08/top_ten_reasons_why_sharia_is.html",
"http://atheism.wikia.com/wiki/Problems_with_Muslim_Sharia_Law",
"https://counterjihad.com/women"
],
[]
] |
||
2ms4yg
|
how does the finding of 2 new subatomic particles affect our understanding of the universe?
|
CERN scientists discover 2 new subatomic particles, and it affects our understanding of the structure of the universe. Can you please explain?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2ms4yg/eli5_how_does_the_finding_of_2_new_subatomic/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cm72cm9"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"I'm assuming you are referring to this\n\n_URL_1_\n\nParticle physicists make their predictions from the Standard Model\n\n_URL_0_\n\nIt's really the best theory we have to explain the particles and forces we see in the universe. And like any good scientific theory, we can make predictions. These particles were predicted to exist and their properties could be calculated. So we found these particles and their properties were in line with the predictions. So we really haven't found out anything new and unexpected about the structure of the universe. (In the popular press, they tend to hype things up) That sounds like a good thing, but really scientists are looking for times when they find something they don't understand. Right now we know dark matter must exist, but the properties of the particles are known from the Standard Model, so we know it must be incomplete. They are looking for anomalies which might give hints of \"new\" physics beyond the Standard Model. And it is believed that more massive particles will couple more strongly with the dark matter giving a detectible signal."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model",
"http://press.web.cern.ch/press-releases/2014/11/lhcb-experiment-observes-two-new-baryon-particles-never-seen"
]
] |
|
6h7fdu
|
how are small and medium airplanes delivered across oceans? casa c-212 is very popular in south america, but it is built in spain and has a range of just ~1100 miles. how did they get there?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6h7fdu/eli5_how_are_small_and_medium_airplanes_delivered/
|
{
"a_id": [
"diw26ds",
"diw2e4x",
"diw2m6e"
],
"score": [
5,
5,
3
],
"text": [
"Most (if not all) aircraft are built with their wings being able to be detached for either service and/or maintenance purposes. They are usually held on with bolts and other hardware. Once off, they can then be either crated or wrapped and shipped via boat or freight flight.\n\nEither this or they can simply add additional tanks and fly them in hops.",
"I'm not familiar with the aircraft you're talking about, but most light aircraft can have \"ferry tanks\" added.\n\nBasically, the whole of the interior of the plane is fitted with additional fuel tanks, leaving just enough space for the pilot. This gives the aircraft enough range to make it part way across the Atlantic, although it will still be necessary to stop en-route - I believe the usual place to stop is Iceland, although Greenland would probably work too. [Edit: This route is used for North America to northern Europe. I saw another poster suggesting Ascension Islands - I'm not familiar with this route but it would make sense for a flight from Spain to South America.]\n\nHaving said that, it's far more common to remove the wings from the aircraft, pack it up in a crate, then send it on a ship. The wings can be easily re-attached once it reaches the other side of the Atlantic.",
"Long range ferry flight. Strip the aircraft down to minimum weight, add fuel tanks in the cargo hold, and fly from Spain to one of the West African countries, refuel on Ascension Island, and land in Brasil."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
2kpvxa
|
cicada 3301 and their challenges
|
I've taken a look at their Wikipedia page, though I'm still curious as to who they are and what the challenges were/were like. If anyone knows more on them or remembers what the challenges were like I'd love to know.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2kpvxa/eli5_cicada_3301_and_their_challenges/
|
{
"a_id": [
"clnmzmc"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"_URL_0_\nTheres also an irc. I was a lurker back in 2011 we got to a TOR address with a questionnaire of very strange questions. Afterwards, one had to create a new gmail where they contact you. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://uncovering-cicada.wikia.com/wiki/Uncovering_Cicada_Wiki"
]
] |
|
385yp9
|
how _url_0_?
|
they seem to be random string of words
_URL_0_
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/385yp9/eli5_how_gfycatcomdomainnamesarecreated/
|
{
"a_id": [
"crsk86a",
"crsptuq"
],
"score": [
6,
6
],
"text": [
"It pulls from three word banks in order. The first two are adjectives, the last one is a noun. Each \"word\" in the word bank can actually be multiple words without a space in between them, as \"Horseshoecrab\" shows.",
"FYI, it's not the domain name. The domain name is the first part after the \"http\", in this case it's \"_URL_0_\". The part after the domain is the URL path."
]
}
|
[
"gfycat.com/DomainNamesAreCreated"
] |
[
"http://giant.gfycat.com/WatchfulAlarmedHorseshoecrab.gif"
] |
[
[],
[
"giant.gfycat.com"
]
] |
|
jybd7
|
the difference between analog (vga) and digital (dvi) image signals.
|
I was just having a conversation with someone and we were talking about how VGA signals to monitors can have fuzziness, whereas DVI tends to have better picture, but can't have cords longer than 14' without risking signal loss.
Can anyone give a 5 year old an explanation of what is going on inside the wires?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/jybd7/eli5_the_difference_between_analog_vga_and/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c2g3fjw",
"c2g3fjw"
],
"score": [
4,
4
],
"text": [
"Analog is a natural waveform. The shape of the analog signal mimics the picture on the screen which is how the image is transferred through the cable. Electrical noise, long cables, and poor connections will alter the shape of the analog signal and distort the picture.\n\nDigital encodes the picture as a stream of numbers. Even when the digital signal is slightly distorted by electrical noise the original numbers still come across and the image can be reproduced exactly.\n\nAside from analog vs. digital, VGA typically operates at lower screen resolutions because it is an older standard.\n",
"Analog is a natural waveform. The shape of the analog signal mimics the picture on the screen which is how the image is transferred through the cable. Electrical noise, long cables, and poor connections will alter the shape of the analog signal and distort the picture.\n\nDigital encodes the picture as a stream of numbers. Even when the digital signal is slightly distorted by electrical noise the original numbers still come across and the image can be reproduced exactly.\n\nAside from analog vs. digital, VGA typically operates at lower screen resolutions because it is an older standard.\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
a31nfr
|
why do satellites need periodic adjustment to stay in orbit but the moon does it just fine on its own?
|
Satellites (and the ISS) have their own propulsion and fuel and occasionally fire their engines to adjust position. When they run out of fuel or their engines otherwise fail, they eventually crash to Earth. The moon has no engines and has been up there for thousands of years. What gives?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/a31nfr/eli5_why_do_satellites_need_periodic_adjustment/
|
{
"a_id": [
"eb2ma58",
"eb2n1kv",
"eb2net3",
"eb2nge1",
"eb2rw89",
"eb2zkp4"
],
"score": [
13,
8,
4,
4,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Because satellites and ISS are on the edge atmosphere, so there is some resistance from atmospheric particles that slow them down over time.",
"And the moon doesn't have to be accurately set at a specific position. In fact the moon is on average, slowly moving away from us every year.\n\nThe moons orbit can vary by many, many kilometers during year, a varition to that degree is unacceptably large for something as precise as a communication sattelite. ",
" > been up there for thousands of years. \n\nBillions. But as /u/blackwe11_ninja noted, it doesn't suffer significant drag from our atmosphere. ",
"The moon is moving one and half inches farther away from us each year. At the same time the planet's rotation is slightly slowing down. So it is not perfectly stable. Eventually both the Earth and the Moon will get engulfed by our Sun as it expands during its own death. That won't happen for a LONG time so don't worry. ",
"While it's true that being further away helps the moon avoid the non conservative forces applied by the earth, a much more significant reason is the moon's mass. The moon is far more massive than all satellites we have ever launched, combined. Newton's second law defines mass as resistance to acceleration (change in velocity), so it is much harder to push the moon out of orbit (change its velocity), in the same way that is much harder to make a truck change direction than a BMX bike. ",
"Satellites that are close to the earth suffer from atmospheric drag. In addition, the earth isn't a perfect sphere nor is its mass evenly distributed. That means its gravitational field is a little uneven, causing satellites to alter their orbits over time. Finally, the positions of the sun and other planets change in relation to the satellite and the earth, which also perturbs the orbit.\n\nThe moon suffers from these effects to a much less degree. It is too far away for the atmosphere to be a factor, and the impact of earth's gravitational anomalies are greatly reduced. Its position can be changed by the sun and other planets, but unlike artificial satellites, being a few meters out of place isn't particularly noticeable."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
1l0e7f
|
if american men have to register for the draft at the age if 18, what determines if they go to war? why aren't all 18 year old american men sent to war?
|
What happens if they refuse to register for the draft? Why aren't 18 year old American women required to register for the draft as well?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1l0e7f/eli5_if_american_men_have_to_register_for_the/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cbuhraz",
"cbuhuu3",
"cbuhvl9",
"cbui3o0",
"cbuiwen",
"cbuja6g",
"cburok3"
],
"score": [
16,
32,
3,
7,
2,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Registering for the draft and being drafted are two separate things. No one has been drafted in ages because there are plenty of volunteers.",
"Selective Service (the draft) is currently only an emergency list for times of need in the US. The US abolished the draft in the 70's and currently only maintains the list in case it needs to be reinstated. You have until you are 26 to register.\n\nIf one fails to register with Selective Service they can face fines not exceeding $250,000 and up to 5 years in prison. In addition to these you will be unable to receive student financial aid, citizenship if you are under 26, or any federal jobs. Additionally many states have separate penalties associated with failure to register. ([source\\)](_URL_0_)\n\nWomen are not drafted because the law is currently written that way. Selective Service only applies to males. *Rostker v. Goldberg* upheld this process. \n\n",
"The draft is used only if there are not enough voluntary soldiers for whatever war is going on. As long as people continue to voluntarily join the army and we don't have some sort of major crisis, the draft is not called into effect. If the draft does need to be used, people will be picked at random (though your age does matter) and will go through several tests to determine if they are fit for service. I'm not sure about the punishment for avoiding registration, but avoiding the draft if it goes into effect will definitely land you in jail if you're caught.\n\nFemales not being required to sign up for selective service is part of the long-held idea that only men are fit for war, if only because they, in general, have greater physical strength. Recently, however, with changing views and an increasing number of non-physical (or less physical) roles, this may be changing and women may one day be required to register for selective service.",
"The draft has not been active since the 70s. We have had enough volunteers that we do not need it to get enough soldiers. We register in case we enter another war big enough to need to draft more soldiers. (IE WWIII). \n\nIf you do not register you face massive fines and jail time, and additional penalties such as inability to get federal aid, federal jobs, etc. Some states also have penalties. \n\nWomen are not required to register because the laws about the draft were written in an era that women were limited in how they could serve in the military. It is part of the long held belief that women are not fit for war, or are too valuable to risk in war. ",
"As other people said, registering for the draft is just letting the government know that you are eligable for the draft. It's giving the government your name. People are only drafted if there is a major war. This hasn't happened since Vietnam, which ended in the early 70s. And it's unlikely to happen soon unless there's another *world* war. \n\nAlso, if there were a draft, not all people eligible would go anyway. First they check out your health and stuff and rate your eligibility. If you're 1-A, you're definitely going to war. If you have a missing leg or a mental disorder or some disease or something, you get a rating that defers you from going to war.\n\nThen they do a lottery. They essentially select your birthday out of a hat, and those birthdays selected with lower numbers go to war first.",
"The military is currently volunteer. You only institute a draft if you don't have enough volunteers. ",
"My draft number was 294. No worries."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"http://www.sss.gov/FSbenefits.htm"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
9ic5at
|
what practical applications has research into patterns in prime numbers yielded?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9ic5at/eli5_what_practical_applications_has_research/
|
{
"a_id": [
"e6il0a0"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"All of modern Encryption. Which means your ability to make internet purchases, do online banking, send any kind of private information on the internet. Amazon, PayPal, etc"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
1dfhk8
|
- why do my teeth get a funny feeling when i have to pee really badly?
|
It must happen to others, but when I hold in my pee (if at work or driving etc) my teeth feel all weird and tingly. What causes this?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1dfhk8/eli5_why_do_my_teeth_get_a_funny_feeling_when_i/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c9pz3v8",
"c9pu38a",
"c9pw6wc",
"c9pwb1d"
],
"score": [
5,
7,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"I definately have experienced this and ive talked to many other people who have as well. Ive even heard it refferred to in a book, i cant remember the book at all unfortunately. I remember character used the phrase \"i have to pee so bad my teeth are floating\" or something to that effect. Ur def not alone dude",
"I don't experience this...",
"I don't experience this either, sorry. ",
"I can say with certainty that I have no idea what it is you are talking about, I am sorry. I have never heard of this before."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
cz4aeq
|
- how does a container change the taste of a drink?
|
So when you have soft drink - it taste better out of a glass bottle , when you have a beer - it taste better on tap.
What is it exactly that makes the taste change ? Or is it all psychological?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cz4aeq/eli5_how_does_a_container_change_the_taste_of_a/
|
{
"a_id": [
"eyvy48o",
"eyw62ka",
"eyw97yw",
"eywyemc"
],
"score": [
6,
15,
10,
3
],
"text": [
"Glass bottles have no expansion capabiliy. Plastic bottles do. So a carbonated drink will cause expasion of a plastic bottle and allowing the drink to lose gas. \n\nA glass bottle doesnt allow this, so when you open it, its much more like the state it was bottled in.",
"There are different reasons here.\n\nOne is pre-package processing. Beverages that are canned or bottled are often pasteurized before they are packaged. This heats up the liquid and can \"cook\" it to some small degree. This is a reason that milk from a carton tastes different from \"raw\" milk (at least in the US). Ultra-pasteurized versions taste even more different. *Edit:* In the US, canned/bottled beer is often pasteurized; is this a source of flavor change? There is debate. See [_URL_0_](_URL_0_) \n\nAnother is small chemical reactions. Even though glass and plastic are largely non-reactive, they can react in some small amount and change the taste. Orange juice used to be packaged in metal cans, and the metal changed the taste. I personally don't taste much difference between plastic and glass-bottled soft drinks, but YMMV.\n\nAnother is different formulations for different delivery methods. Soft drinks from a \"fountain\", where the carbonated water is mixed on-demand with syrup use a different syrup formulation from the bottle-- of course, affecting the flavor.\n\nAnother is post-packaging exposure. Beer often goes \"skunky\" from the light that hits it after bottling. Beer from a tap is usually fresher, closer to the brewery so to speak. It suffers less from the \"trauma\" of bottling.\n\nThese are just a few ideas, but I'm no expert. If some flavor chemist can speak up, please upvote that redditor more.",
"In addition to contents, the shape of the container changes the flavor. Or rather the perceived flavor from exposure to your mouth and nasal cavity. The difference between drinking a narrow bottle opening and wide mouth can and a highball glass or even a snifter means the flavor that hits your tongue and nose is different",
"Taste is a pretty complicated \"sense\" which combines various feelings in your mouth, stimulation of the taste buds, and scent.\n\n & #x200B;\n\nDifferent materials making contact with your lips will cause different sensations for your tactile input, and impact the overall taste experience.\n\n & #x200B;\n\nTo test this explanation against others, find someone who can legitimately tell the difference between drink containers used for some given drink. Verify that they can identify the container used by having them blindfolded and drinking from those containers.\n\nThen, have them drink from the containers without touching their lips to the container being used (pour from the container and drink fountain-style). If they can still identify which container was being used, then it is this \"chemical reaction\" which some responses are claiming exists (but if that was it, then eventually the lip of said container would erode, and many wine glasses have VERY thin lining on the lip for precisely \"mouth feel\" reasons).\n\n & #x200B;\n\nTo test the idea some people are giving of opening shape/size impacting flavor, find a few plastic cups and warm them up, then let them cool while clamped to various different shapes/curvatures. Once again, you can have people do blind taste tests to identify which is which (less reliable as you can actually feel the shape difference, so you need participants who can ignore that and focus on the taste instead of \"trying to be right\")"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"https://www.micromatic.com/beer-pasteurization"
],
[],
[]
] |
|
2evglx
|
why aren't libertarians invited to participate in presidential debates?
|
Just annoys me it's two parties with opposite beliefs and no "in the middle" kind of thinker present.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2evglx/eli5_why_arent_libertarians_invited_to/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ck3bxkb"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"Because the debates are sponsored and produced by the Commision on Presidential Debates, which is co-chaired by a prominent Democrat and a prominent Republican, and requires candidates to poll at or above 15% support to join the debates. The CPD was founded in 1987 by the Democratic and Republican parties to take over the debates after the League of Women Voters [withdrew its sponsorship](_URL_0_) in protest of the candidates \"perpetrat[ing] a fraud on the American voter\" by aiming to \"add debates to their list of campaign-trail charades devoid of substance, spontaneity and honest answers to tough questions.\""
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://www.lwv.org/press-releases/league-refuses-help-perpetrate-fraud"
]
] |
|
7b5car
|
why are night scenes represented in blue tones on movies and comics?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7b5car/eli5_why_are_night_scenes_represented_in_blue/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dpfc8rf",
"dpfczr2",
"dpfd749",
"dpfdxj8",
"dpffkok"
],
"score": [
10,
6,
11,
2,
3
],
"text": [
"It's more aesthetically pleasing, and makes the frame look more striking than a plain black background. ",
"Depending on the film, \"cool colors (blue, green, violet) tend to suggest tranquility, aloofness, and serenity\" (Giannetti, 23). Color in films/comics is very interesting because \"psychologists have discovered that most\npeople actively attempt to interpret the lines of a composition, but they tend to accept color passively, permitting it to suggest moods rather than objects\" (23). In other words, we constantly try to predict what the character is going to say or do but we never think twice about the color in a scene, rather we accept it at face value. If warm colors were used without it suggesting that it's day time, it could inadvertently suggest that there's some sort of sexual contact, hostility, violence etc. between characters which could contradict the scene.\n\nSource: _URL_0_\n\nEdit1: Page 23 if you're interested how color is used in films and the same PROBABLY applies to comics.",
"This may not be the right answer for today's films, but if you look at older films such as the 60s and into the 70s, night time shots were shot in the daytime with heavy lens filters that made it appear blue, but night-timey. Lighting/film back then were different and it was hard to effectively light night shots, so they relied on lens tricks. If you look at some of the James Bonds from the 60s/70s, you can really see it. ",
"In order for a filmed scene to be visible, you need light. Problem: night is dark. Actual darkness with shitty lighting (say, a street corner late at night) causes \"noisy\" or \"grainy\" footage (check out [this video](_URL_1_) for examples), which looks bad.\n\nSo we need to have light to avoid the noise, but it has to look dark. How do we do that? One very cheap and easy way is called \"shooting day for night,\" where you put a blue filter over your camera. It works because it mutes all the colors on screen (real darkness makes colors look muted because the cones in our eyes stop working if there's insufficient light). A fairly recent example of this is in Mad Max Fury Road (see [here](_URL_0_)).\n\nAs for comics: you don't want to draw a purely black panel, or a muted fuzzy panel. Blue is, again, a cheap and easy way of telling you \"it's nighttime!\" without going through all the trouble of faithfully reproducing what nighttime actually looks like.",
"you can’t see black on black, but black on a monochromatic blue background with some other color highlights does well at catching the eye."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"http://nbrdesignstudio.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/UNDERSTANDING-MOVIES.pdf"
],
[],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AWvRcWDr5y8",
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RdsPF2lxq_E"
],
[]
] |
||
1ggrb9
|
what do standard deviation, variance, confidence limits mean exactly ?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1ggrb9/eli5_what_do_standard_deviation_variance/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cak25xe"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"If you take every point, calculate its distance to the mean, square it, and average them, that's the variance. It measures how widely distributed the data is. The distances are squared so you don't have to worry about negatives.\n\nIf you take the square root of the variance, that's the standard deviation. The standard deviation gives you the exact same information as the variance. It's a measure of how much variation there is in the data.\n\nLow variance and standard deviation mean precise data.\n\nNow if you're trying to estimate the mean of some value, you take a sample and measure the value. You average your data and get a sample mean. But you want to compare how close your sample mean is to the actual mean of the entire population. So using the statistics you measured from your sample, you can generate some interval (to arbitrary confidence) and claim that you estimate the population mean to be somewhere within that interval.\n\nThere are a lot of ways to do this, but I'll take the simple definition of a confidence interval, where it's equal to the sample mean plus or minus the sample standard deviation.\n\nSo you know the population mean for human gender to be 50%, and you want to test that with a sample. You get a pretty big sample of, say 50 people. You record the genders of 50 randomly selected people and find that in your sample, 45% of the people were male, with a standard deviation of 10%.\n\nNow its important to know that for normally distributed data, 68% of the values should lie within one standard deviation of the mean. This is true for all normal distributions. It's a well-known fact.\n\nSo you can create a confidence interval using your data to within 68% confidence, the population mean for males is 45% +- 10%. Since the true value of the population mean (50%) is within your interval, you can count that as a successful experiment. But I should note that you usually construct confidence intervals for things where the population mean is NOT known a priori. That's what makes them so valuable. They can estimate the true mean of an entire population, using a much smaller sample (if properly sampled).\n\nIf you want to make an interval to higher confidence (say 90% or 95%), you just multiply your standard deviation by some factor.\n\nIn general, intervals with HIGHER confidence levels will be WIDER. Meaning the more confident you are that the mean is inside an interval, the less useful the interval is.\n\nI can say with 99% confidence that the population percentage of males is within 20% to 80%, or I can say with 68% confidence that the percentage is within 40% to 60% (I pulled these numbers out of my ass, but you get what I mean)."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
2us3ah
|
on youtube, why does part 1 of a series of videos seem to link to parts 3, 4 and so on, but not link to part 2?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2us3ah/eli5_on_youtube_why_does_part_1_of_a_series_of/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cob6osr",
"cob708s",
"cobe4bq",
"cobfpl4",
"cobfs3f",
"cobg58e",
"cobghwh",
"cobin3g",
"cobip3k",
"cobk2a8",
"cobkisi",
"cobkw2l",
"coblfey",
"coblj10",
"coblorv",
"cobn64w",
"cobo402",
"coboevl",
"cobozf6",
"cobpiqh",
"cobpiwi"
],
"score": [
63,
851,
56,
3,
27,
2,
2,
2,
826,
2,
6,
2,
2,
2,
2,
3,
2,
2,
2,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"I believe it's because the videos appearing are based on an algorithm rather than actually being chosen by anybody, so that leads to YouTube selecting a more popular video, or one with higher ratings from the same publisher, rather than it just reading the videos as if they are in a series like they are intended.\n\n",
"If the uploader were to put the videos in a playlist in the correct order, YouTube would have a much easier task to figure out how the videos actually relate to each other. With that, YouTube has to guess how videos are related to each other, but can't rely on the title alone. YouTube looks at a wide range of different factors -- the exact algorithm is a trade secret and is regularly tweaked anyway, but includes such things as \"people who commented on this video also commented on...\" and all kinds of metrics I can only guess at.",
"Funny enough as a programmer we go by assumptions in code a ton. By assumptions I don't mean we guess, but rather take what is fact and through a basic users experience come up with something usable. \n\nAn uploader doesn't have to put a part 2. They can title it anything they'd like. But what *is* fact is view counts, watched status, keywords, etc. \n\n[Take a look at some vids youtube recommended after watching the Grumps' Super Mario Sunshine series](_URL_0_). Its easy to see why (even in incorrect order) they're recommending them to me. ",
"Can you provide an example? I had noticed this a lot few years back, but not ever since. All parted videos show very well for me.",
"u just have to go on part 3 to get to part 2!\n\nit is known",
"Last time I watched something like that part 2 was linked, I had no problems through the whole series. It was to do with user habits, maybe some people on other videos skipped over part 2 and caused YT to recomend part 3 instead.",
"I always find it funny when watching things, the last part always has more views than the preceding few. It makes no sense at all with documentaries",
"Because it is based on user behaviour: what video is the user watching next?\n\nIf you've watched part 2,3,4, & c., you're heavily invested in the stream and will very likely watch part n+1. Conversely, many people will watch part 1 then drop off before continuing.\n\n(This doesn't mean that the algorithm couldn't be improved to catch this more reliably, of course.)",
"They're smart enough to build an algorithm that'd figure out numerically ordered videos with the same name from the same uploader. They know enough to suggest cover versions of a song I like from different artists or any number of alternative ass clapping and conspiracy channels. So its down right suspicious that they can't order same name + number from the same uploader. \n\nThus I've always assumed that youtube specifically did it so you'd have to click around and go looking for them thus kicking up new vids ads and distractions. It keeps you on the site and poking around a lot longer than giving you everything you want would. ",
"Newer results are given higher value by the search algorithm.",
"First I doubt you will get a solid answer on this, that algorithm is proprietary. They don't want the details to get out, because they don't want people gaming the system. With that said it seems that with some basic assumptions about how it works, you can see why they might miss the 2nd video from the 1st more than they miss the 4th from the 3rd. \n\nEverytime you watch a video Youtube's algorithm's are going to try to grab a bunch of videos you it thinks it wants you to see. Predicting which video someone wants to see next is a hard problem and there definitely going to get stuff wrong. If everybody who watched part 1, watched part 2 right after, this wouldn't be a problem. However, not everyone does a lot of people start watching part 1 maybe even finish it, and then decide they've seen enough. This makes it harder to predict which video should come next. Additionally, I would guess that with most videos, more people quit the series during or after the first video than after say the 3rd part. This means that if a problem occurs with the linking of the next part this problem is more likely to occur while watching the first video than during any other part.\n\nBasically, if at some point while watching a series of videos the next video is not linked, that 'break' is more likely going to happen from 1 to 2 than from 3 to 4. With that said all of the videos in the series are going to have some association with the first video, so you will likely see some of those linked. Will it contain linked, 3, then 4, then 5, etc. Likely not, it will likely contain a psuedo-random sampling of the videos, for whatever reason. \n\nNow the other thinking that is likely going on here is a bit of confirmation bias there are probably many many more times that you have watched the first video then immediately clicked on the 2nd video, which was linked in the related videos and never gave it a 2nd thought. Similarly, there were probably plenty of times that the 3rd video in the series was not linked as a related video on the 1st and I'm sure you never noticed that. \n\nTL;DR A lot people quit after the first video, plus confirmation bias.",
"The primary things that YouTube watches for are follow-throughs (people who watch another video after this one) and comments/activity. Since viewers are hugely more likely to continue watching a playlist as they progress, YouTube's systems pick up on them and recommend them. This is why you won't see a ton of Episode #1s or #2s.",
"One of YouTube's many ways of suggesting/predicting what you would want to see next is based on how traffic from that video tends to go. After watching part 1 not everyone is as likely to watch part 2 as they may not have enjoyed the video or found what they were looking for in that part or I'm some other way were not committed. This is much less likely for people watching later segments ",
"\"You just watched an episode of Mayday: Air Crash Investigation from Season 12. Would you like to continue watching season 3?\"",
"Similar:\n\nWhy do Jimmy Kimmel's videos have no commercials, but Conan's do?",
"It's likely based on user behaviour. If it is, there are two possible explanations: \n\nIf it is looking at other peoples behaviour: what can happen is that part 27 is linked at a very popular site bringing with it a lot of viewers. For example through a reddit post.\nSome of the viewers like what they see and want to see the whole series, so they go and search for part 1 and watch it. The algorithm does its calculations and then concluded that everyone who watched part 27, was also very interested in part 1. So if you are watching part 1, it will reverse that logic and automatically assume you will also like part 27.\n\nIf it is based on your behaviour, and you like to watch cat videos, it will likely recommend you an episode from the series that resembles cat videos the most. If a cat happens to appear in part 27, then that is the episode it will likely recommend. \n\nThey could also be using a combination of both of these strategies. ",
"Because part 2 \"was removed for copyright reasons.\"",
"I've also noticed that it always messes up at the second vid in the series. It's really strange, but youtube has been known to break and ruin things ",
"This is why you look for the play lists of videos",
"This is one of many reasons that I use Google to search for videos instead of on YouTube. People talk shit on reddit's search function all of the time yet are fine with a literal search engine business having one of the shittiest search engines on their own site. \n\nAt least reddit has an excuse. ",
"It's the difference between numerical sorting and string sorting.\n\nIn a numerical sort, the number 21 follows the number 20.\n\nIn a string sort, the number 21 follows the number 2.\n\ntldr; computers are really smart in some ways and really dumb in others."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[
"http://i.imgur.com/iwCMyjg.png"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
2mq76g
|
what exactly prevents the dmv or tag office, or any government operation like that, from working exclusively online?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2mq76g/eli5_what_exactly_prevents_the_dmv_or_tag_office/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cm6kfd7",
"cm6kfsq",
"cm6ktcu"
],
"score": [
5,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Because not everybody is online, or is in a position to use a computer, and may need personal assistance.",
"There are lots of things they do that require presence - checking eyesight for DL applications, proctoring license exams, giving driving tests, inspecting cars to be sure fixit tickets are fixed, etc., etc.",
"Access. These organizations to serve the common denominator. A giant chunk of society is not online. As of last year, 83% of households had something we'd call a \"computer\" - that includes a handheld smartphone, a laptop, a tablet or a desktop. 74% of households have internet connections."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
b4qyyl
|
why does drinking alcohol when you’re pregnant hurt the baby?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/b4qyyl/eli5_why_does_drinking_alcohol_when_youre/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ej8llxw",
"ej8m3xr"
],
"score": [
5,
3
],
"text": [
"Alcohol is poison... literally, poison. When someone drinks alcohol and becomes drunk, it's because the alcohol content of the blood is too high. It's altering your blood and it is damaging your organs. Therefore exposing a growing baby to alconol means its development will be stunted as it is SO TINY it can't even handle a fraction of the alcohol us full grown humans can \"tolerate\". There are some studies that show small amounts won't harm a fetus (IIRC 1 glass of wine a week or something like that is actually \"safe\" for an expectant mother to have), but none is always the safest way to go. \n",
"Alcohol causes Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) education results in facial defects like low nose bridge, smaller head size, smaller brain, and possible mental retardation. This is because developing brain cells are killed away by alcohol exposure. For nervous system formation, the nerves have to move, and that migration is also affected by alcohol. \n\nThe presence of excess of alcohol results in the formation of super oxide radicals that damage the cell membrane. \nCell adhesion proteins (proteins that cell the brain cells together) are also not synthesised properly in FAS. \nAlcohol also reduces gene products from Sonic Hedgehog gene (yes, that’s what it’s called) which usually aid in preventing nerve cell damage. \nBasically, alcohol makes the security guards (sonic hedgehog gene) pass out so they can go destroy a museum (brain/nerve cells)"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
5tb6bi
|
why is america so obsessed with the middle east?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5tb6bi/eli5why_is_america_so_obsessed_with_the_middle/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ddli0w8"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"The US would prefer to ignore them like they do with other unstable places like most of Africa. However the Middle East is a vital part of the world's energy market, which for the sake of energy reliability for the US and the rest of the world requires some degree of attention."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
3do15k
|
what is the difference between an apprenticeship and internship?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3do15k/eli5_what_is_the_difference_between_an/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ct708vn"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"An apprenticeship is part of a structured and formalized training process for a trade. It's something everyone in the trade went through -- they were all an apprentice at one time.\n\nAn internship is not for a trade, but typically for an office environment. An internship is not required to work in that field, though it can give you a head start and valuable contacts.\n\nNote that sometimes the terms merge; for many medical professions, the internship is closer to an apprenticeship."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
fbbkzf
|
how can a criminal be charged with multiple death sentences? isn't one enough?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fbbkzf/eli5_how_can_a_criminal_be_charged_with_multiple/
|
{
"a_id": [
"fj3byzl"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"Each crime gets its own sentence. Each crime needs to be appealed if you want to try and change it too"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
c2yikp
|
why some materials can/cannot scratch other materials
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/c2yikp/eli5_why_some_materials_cancannot_scratch_other/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ernehya"
],
"score": [
7
],
"text": [
"It is a property of the material called hardness. Higher hardness always wins the battle.\n\nWhat determines hardness is the strength of the molecular bonds of the material."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
3bkus1
|
why are signal light colors green, red, and yellow?
|
Why does green mean go, red mean stop, and yellow mean caution/slow down?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3bkus1/eli5_why_are_signal_light_colors_green_red_and/
|
{
"a_id": [
"csn2jeu",
"csn3q28"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Red is easy. It's the highest contrast color. No matter what you're looking at, the things that are colored red jump out and draw your eye. That's why stop signs and stop lights are red. \n\nThe other colors are mostly arbitrary, and are chosen for consistency's sake. Yellow signs universally mean hazards or warnings. Green signs are universally signs that you can pretty much ignore and roll past (like street signs). ",
"They're adapted directly from railroad signals. \n\nRed, being the color of blood, has meant \"danger\" since time immorial. \n\nThe other colors were purely arbitrary. Originally Green meant \"Caution\" and White meant \"Go\". Besides there being a lot of random white lights around even back then, once a red lens fell off an lead to a horrific wreck when one engineer thought he had a \"Go\" signal. When they changed them around they switched green to \"Go\" and added Yellow for \"Caution\". If we had to do it today with LED technology we'd probably pick blue out of consideration for the colorblind, but green is brighter than blue when filtered from an incandescent (or kerosene) lamp. \n\nIn the US White was picked or \"Walk\" because the original walk signs were additional lenses mounted on a vehicle signal. It was a different color than red, green, and yellow; and with the small text on a small lens it would be even harder to read with a color filter. Orange was as adopted later for \"Wait\", the lenses had a stripe on the top and bottom to make it easier to see and differentiate from Walk. (later changed to \"Don't Walk\" because Walk and Wait looked too similar from across the intersection). \n\nEurope apparently used symbols on a seperate face, which are easier to read with the red and green lenses than text, and wouldn't be mistaken"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
dd2fw6
|
the suns strange gravity
|
[deleted]
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/dd2fw6/eli5_the_suns_strange_gravity/
|
{
"a_id": [
"f2dsipd",
"f2dtazu"
],
"score": [
6,
7
],
"text": [
"With gravity, proximity is key.\n\n\nThe Sun's hold on Neptune is actually pretty weak. \n\nIts hold on Earth is strong, but due to proximity, Earth's hold on its atmosphere is stronger than the Sun's hold on its atmosphere.",
"Because the sun’s gravity isn’t holding anything in place. The Earth, and the Earth’s atmosphere with it, are both doing two things: they are falling towards the sun together at the same speed, and they are moving sideways with respect to the sun at the same (very fast) speed. So fast, in fact, that as they fall towards the sun, they move to the side and miss it.\n\nThat is, in a nutshell, what orbiting is.\n\nThe closer an object is to the sun, the stronger the gravitational pull, and the faster it has to be moving in order to continue missing the sun. The Earth and it’s atmosphere can continue orbiting the sun while being so much closer to it than Neptune because they are moving faster than Neptune. The gravitational pull is higher, but so is their speed."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
76up1l
|
what kind of impact will self driving cars have on police revenue raising, being that there will be few, or no, speeding fines or the like?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/76up1l/eli5_what_kind_of_impact_will_self_driving_cars/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dogu089"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"They will have less revenue, but will also not have to have cars out patrolling for speeders, which costs money. The two should equal out."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
1l0lmp
|
why is it okay to kill hundreds of insects at once using some deadly bug spray, but it's completely illegal to beat a dog, a horse, animals like that?
|
Seems kind of unfair.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1l0lmp/why_is_it_okay_to_kill_hundreds_of_insects_at/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cbujyz8",
"cbuky96"
],
"score": [
3,
12
],
"text": [
"Several reasons, we are typically more empathetic to larger animals and we believe we can perceive some emotions on their faces, making them more human-like. Bugs however, don't display emotions, are a lot more annoying, and there are a ton more of them. ",
"Many larger animals have been determined to be as sentient or conscious of their own life as humans. This includes all mammals and birds, but many other animals as well. This means they are capable of feeling fear, among other emotions, and while we still allow animals to be killed quickly in a humane method (in theory. I'm not going to get into any factory farming issues) causing them pointless pain and making them fear for their life is deemed cruel. \n\nWith insects, and other lesser lifeforms, its believed that they are not even conscious of their own existence, living only out of pure instinct, and they are probably not fully aware of bad things happening to them. \n\nThere's still a lot if variance though, as animals like rats, which are thought to be quite smart, can still be dealt a slow death by poison for the sake of our convenience, but you can still get in trouble for being unnecessarily cruel to one, like if you buy one from the pet store and put it in the microwave or starve it to death. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
a2x4cr
|
will cancelling my oldest line of credit negatively impact my credit score?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/a2x4cr/eli5_will_cancelling_my_oldest_line_of_credit/
|
{
"a_id": [
"eb1tgs1"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"If you are in good standing there should not be any reasonable damage. \n\nCredit cards report your reliability. Canceling your agreement when you’re not in debt, and have no remaining payments shouldn’t interfere. \n\nHowever the ideal is to buy something with it. Even if it’s just groceries. Continued payments look better than good standing cancellations. \n\nI used to put about 150 on my card a month whether I Needed it or not. You pay more (depending on rates) but it speaks well of you. I"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
7frkq2
|
why are some animals able to generate body heat but not all?
|
basically the title
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7frkq2/eli5_why_are_some_animals_able_to_generate_body/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dqdw9cy",
"dqdwjdb"
],
"score": [
2,
8
],
"text": [
"All animals generate some heat by being alive. It's an unavoidable side-effect of the basic chemistry of life.\n\nWarm-blooded animals are just able to burn *extra* fuel to keep their bodies at the ideal temperatures rather than relying on external factors to keep their bodies operating at ideal temperatures.\n\nBeing warm-blooded is a trade-off. On one hand, you're better able to survive & function at a wide range of external temperatures but, OTOH, you require a lot more food to provide the energy for heating your body.",
"It sounds like you are asking about cold blooded vs. warm blooded animals. Am I correct? \n\nCold blooded animals aren't literally cold all the time. They are whatever temperature their surroundings are, so they spend a lot of time basking to raise their temperature, giving them the ability to move around in colder areas such as under a shady tree. Friction from moving around and metabolic processes do create some heat, but this doesn't make a noticeable difference unless we are talking giant tortoises or something. \n\nWarm blooded animals have metabolic processes that specifically generate heat that they do much more than cold blooded animals, so if they are in a cold area, their body will not gradually cool down to near ambient temperature. \n\nThe reason there are these two different approaches is that evolution is all about tradeoffs. Cold blooded organisms don't need nearly as much food, because they aren't using their own food energy to generate heat. But warm blooded organisms can tolerate much colder temperatures because they make their own heat, despite needing more food to generate that heat. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
28rt40
|
frames per second (fps)
|
Why do videos slow down and get the slow motion effect when the frame rate gets higher?
Are video game frame rates and camera frame rates different?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/28rt40/eli5_frames_per_second_fps/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cidtesp"
],
"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"Videos are individual images strung together. A video that is shot at 30 frame per second captures 30 images every second. A video that is shot at 120 frames per second captures 120 images every second.\n\nYou can play back the 120 FPS video at 120 FPS and it just looks like very smooth video. You can also play back 120 FPS videos at 60, 30, or 15 FPS and it will appear slower than real time. That is slow motion video.\n\nVideo game frame rates are essentially the same concept, your machine creates a series of images at a specific rate and you view it as video. The more frames per second, the smoother it looks."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
9uppah
|
why is there a mid term election and what will the results mean?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9uppah/eli5_why_is_there_a_mid_term_election_and_what/
|
{
"a_id": [
"e960s1q",
"e961gn7",
"e961j52",
"e9623tv",
"e964ce4",
"e964koz",
"e964par",
"e966i6r",
"e968vuq",
"e96c574"
],
"score": [
26,
865,
2,
3,
63,
14,
7,
121,
6,
2
],
"text": [
"Thanks for your question I was interested in this too, my little research said that this is an election period that the American people will vote on political positions such as governors, and other municipal or local positions. They will also vote on the member of Congress which includes the house of representatives and about a third of the seats in the Senate. As for what this will actually mean for the country, I'm not sure. Some have implied that a democratic Congress could impeach Trump, I'm not sure if that's realistic.",
"\n \nSenators are elected to a 6 year term, presidents are elected to a 4 year term, and representatives are elected to a 2 year term. So while the presidential election year garners the most media attention, because many senators, the president, and all representatives, are up for election, halfway through the presidential term (mid-term) all representatives come up for election again. \nIn order for laws to be passed it requires passing by the house (representatives) and the Senate, and approval by the president. If one party controls both houses of Congress and the Whitehouse, they can get a lot of stuff they want to do passed. If the voters are unhappy, they tend to vote out the controlling party members during the mid-term elections, which makes it harder for one party to pass whatever they want. \n\nOn a less ELI5 level, if you look into how Americans tend to vote, you'll see that it's not uncommon for a party to get elected with control of all 3 areas and then lose that control during mid-terms regardless of the party. We also tend to reelect presidents to a second term and then switch parties. So Democrats for 8 years, then Republican for 8 years, then back to Democrats, the back to Republicans. It's been that way for several decades. ",
"The United states has a \"Congress\" that is made up of 100 senators and 435 house members. Senators are elected every 6 years, but its staggered so about 1/3rd are up for re election every two years, hense, \"mid-term\". As for members of the house, they are elected every two years.\n\nI believe it's done this way to prevent stagnation or a full one sided Congress, Exectuive, and Judicial (like we have now) a form of checks and balances. ",
"The mid terms elect representatives for the Senate and House of Representatives. These bodies actually introduce and vote on laws, having one republican and one democrat makes it harder to introduce strongly partisan laws as they must be approved in each and then also by the president. \n\nContrary to popular belief the president does not have legal authority to create laws unless the House and Senate approve, it seems that way right now because both houses and the president are republican. ",
"It's called a Midterm election because it falls in the middle of a presidential term, which lasts four years. Every member of the House of Representatives (one of our two legislative houses) is elected every two years. One-third of Senators (the other legislative house) is voted for every two years, as they serve 6 year terms.\n\nBeyond just Senators and House Representatives, there are many local elections taking place. I'm in New York, and I voted for my Governor, State Legislative Representatives, and several local Judges. This is an election, just like any other, where we are picking our representatives for federal, state, and local offices.\n\nAt the moment, it is important on the federal level because the President and majority in each legislative house are all from the same party (Republican). This is the first time voters have had the chance to vote since President Trump was elected, and significant gains in the legislative houses by the Democrats will make it so President Trump cannot get laws he wants passed so easily, as well as not having his appointments approved so easily.\n\n",
"A note about this election in particular: Americans (especially young Americans) do not have the best voter turnout rate for midterm elections. The midterms are getting a lot of attention this year because many believe we will see a much higher voter turnout than usual.\n\n_URL_0_\n\nAs the link notes, in some states more people had *already* voted yesterday than voted in the last midterm election. As the story also notes, this makes the election very difficult to predict, as most polls are weighted to represent \"likely voters\".",
"If a president/congress is very unpopular (or popular),a more staggered approach to filling congress better reflects peoples opinions after the president is elected.. Rather than having to wait another 4 years.",
"Why is election on weekdays instead of weekends?",
"As /u/Qikslvr said, \"Senators are elected to a 6 year term, presidents are elected to a 4 year term, and representatives are elected to a 2 year term.\"\n\nThe Senators are divided into three \"classes\", two of 33 and one of 34 (100/3) each class gets elected every other year. The Representatives are elected every two years - at midterms and presidential years. In addition, because of resignations, there are two \"special\" elections - off-cycle elections - for two Senate seats.\n\nThe results will determine who is in control of the lower house (House of Representatives) and the upper house (the Senate).\n\nCurrent polls say the Democrats are going to take control (\"flip\") the House, while Republicans will hold the Senate.\n\nAs the sitting president is Republican, a House controlled by the Democrats poses a major legislative hurdle for him.\n\nIn addition, Democrats will take control of the various committees (Intelligence, Ways & Means which deals with taxes, etc.) giving them subpoena power - mandatory requests for information, documents, etc. under penalty of law.\n\nThis last point is Trump's worst nightmare because it means the House can subpoena for his tax filings, financial records, interview or re-interview persons involved in Trump's business dealings and/or his campaign, etc.\n\nThe House is also where the federal budget starts, meaning \"the wall\" isn't gonna get any funding.\n\nIf you have any more questions, or want more details, DM me!",
"Most Americans only care to vote for the president, thinking it will truly make a difference, then proceed to get upset that there was no change, or that the president didnt uphold their promises.\n\nMidterms are to elect people into positions that actually have a role in how things are changed. Senator, representatives, governors, etc., are the cogs in the machine, while the president is the face of the country that just signs off on policies the senators have been working on.\n\nIf we cared enough to actually vote for these positions, the common person in America might actually feel represented, and we might actually move forward."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.politico.com/story/2018/11/05/early-voting-turnout-2018-elections-midterms-963149"
],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
mm23v
|
the stop online privacy act: sopa
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/mm23v/eli5_the_stop_online_privacy_act_sopa/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c322bov",
"c322bov"
],
"score": [
5,
5
],
"text": [
"(It's actually the Stop Online Piracy Act.)\n\nThere is a boy named Billy. Billy often copies the work of other children, and this makes the children upset. They complain to their teacher, Ms. A. Ms. A cannot do anything, because Billy is in a different class. Billy's teacher, Mr. Z, refuses to do anything about Billy and his copying.\n\nLots of children play at Billy's house after school. To punish Billy, Ms. A makes a new rule that removes Billy's address from the class directory. Because the children in Ms. A's class are unable to look up Billy's address in the class directory, they cannot find Billy's house, and will not be able to play with him after school. Ms. A also makes it a rule that people who search for different houses, and therefore know where Billy's house is located, cannot tell the children in her class. She also makes a rule that the children in her class cannot give Billy any money.",
"(It's actually the Stop Online Piracy Act.)\n\nThere is a boy named Billy. Billy often copies the work of other children, and this makes the children upset. They complain to their teacher, Ms. A. Ms. A cannot do anything, because Billy is in a different class. Billy's teacher, Mr. Z, refuses to do anything about Billy and his copying.\n\nLots of children play at Billy's house after school. To punish Billy, Ms. A makes a new rule that removes Billy's address from the class directory. Because the children in Ms. A's class are unable to look up Billy's address in the class directory, they cannot find Billy's house, and will not be able to play with him after school. Ms. A also makes it a rule that people who search for different houses, and therefore know where Billy's house is located, cannot tell the children in her class. She also makes a rule that the children in her class cannot give Billy any money."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
fvkrlt
|
whats all this hype about zoom calls? why not just use skype?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fvkrlt/eli5_whats_all_this_hype_about_zoom_calls_why_not/
|
{
"a_id": [
"fmizogl"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Zoom is built inherently for many people to join. It's primarily used for business, but obviously gained popularity I would guess mainly because it works on any platform and is very easy to use. It has auto voice switching, so whomever is speaking is shown to the rest of the participants. \n\nZoom is also very simple to share and join. Zoom gives a meeting ID (xxx-xxx-xxx), and you can distribute this number to anyone, kind of like a phone number, so they can join.\n\nSkype has been neglected for a long time by Microsoft and is not really built for many users to join at once. Microsoft has pivoted to Teams for that functionality, essentially leaving Skype for point to point calls with just one person."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
3f7wji
|
photos from camera app on iphone look way different then snapchat/looking in mirror.
|
When I look in the mirror or take a photo on snapchat my face looks fine. But once I take a photo on the camera app on the iPhone my face/eyes are uneven. What is the reason?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3f7wji/eli5_photos_from_camera_app_on_iphone_look_way/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ctm4gm9"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Because the iPhone's front facing camera \"flips\" the image in the default photo app. Mirrors and Snapchat doesn't \"flip\" the image. The reason the front facing camera \"flips\" the image in the stock app is because that's how people see you, as how the rear facing camera will also see you."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
3hej47
|
this spider has been on my bathroom wall for 5 days now. what is it doing?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3hej47/eli5_this_spider_has_been_on_my_bathroom_wall_for/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cu6p1u8",
"cu6pr71"
],
"score": [
6,
2
],
"text": [
"spiders don't go out and hunt, they let prey come to them. They build a trap and collect food. If he is having his needs met he has no reason to move.",
"It's not moved at all"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
f0zvv6
|
why do some complimentary wifi spots require you to enter an email address?
|
They rarely send a confirmation email so I can use a burner email and they'd never know. They don't ask for any more information. They never email me.
What is the purpose?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/f0zvv6/eli5_why_do_some_complimentary_wifi_spots_require/
|
{
"a_id": [
"fh0vn0a"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Liability. Sometimes it’s not about proving one person is guilty but that others are not. Verification may become required in the future."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
7t4m7i
|
what prevents some parasites from infecting us, while other animals get infected?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7t4m7i/eli5_what_prevents_some_parasites_from_infecting/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dt9rxfg",
"dt9rylg"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Hygiene. \n\nHumans get lots of parasites. Worms, lice, bedbugs, ticks, leech and whatnot. What keeps them away is hygiene like not drink from puddles, not eat sand, clean clothes etc. etc. \n\nAlso many parasites such as lice are highly specializes sub-species that only infect one particular animal (this is also the case with some worms, but for example not ticks since they just wait for warm-blooded animals). The lice your dog gets can't survive on you. Humans have 2 lice species, the ones that infect your head and the other ones that -ahem- infects you in the genital region. Genetics have showed that these two species once emerged from one and the same and were closely related to the lice species that is specific to other primates. When humans in evolution lost big parts of their body hair, the lice could no longer move from the lower part to the upper part of the body, slowly evolving into two different sub-species that are now perfectly adapted to the different living conditions. ",
"Many parasites have adapted well to their host at molecular or anatomical ( or even behavioral) levels to be very specialized for survival.\n\nA good example of this is the meningeal worm, Parelaphosteongylus tenuis. It lives in the central nervous system of deer, and expresses a mimic of deer antigen so the immune system ignores the worm, allowing it to live and reproduce happily.\n\nWhen it gets into another animal (usually a ruminant or camelid), the immune system attacks the “deer” antigen, causing inflammation in the central nervous system and neurologic signs...and the parasite doesn’t live to reproduce!"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
641n00
|
how do streetlights operate?
|
Who is in charge of taking care of them? Is there a master switch somewhere in a city that turns them all on? Is it automated or is it someone's job to turn it on/off? What about maintenance, is there an easy way to identify faulty lights or do they rely on people calling and reporting?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/641n00/eli5_how_do_streetlights_operate/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dfyo8oa",
"dfyo9x7"
],
"score": [
3,
3
],
"text": [
"There's a little node on the top of most streetlights that has a photocell in it, the same kind that's in those automatic nightlights for kids. \n\nWhen the light hits a certain level, the photocell signals the light to turn on. Sometimes, bird poop will obstruct the sensor and the light stays on all the time. \n\nLately with the advent of smart devices, some streetlights have reporting capabilities, but most are just \"dumb\" devices. \n\nCool fact: the power company can estimate how many streetlights are out on a circuit by calculating the energy usage on that circuit. Once it goes below a threshold, the company sends someone to investigate ",
"I don't know how it works elsewhere but where I live each one has a little light sensor in a plastic dome on top which switches it on and off. To save power the ones on smaller streets are also set to turn off at midnight. \n \nThe town council maintain them with cherry picker vans like [this](_URL_0_) and each one is numbered so that if it's faulty people can phone in and report it. \n \nMaintenance and power is payed for by taxes. Most have Sodium Vapour or LED lights depending on their age"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"http://www.powerliftgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/vm125.png"
]
] |
|
bhnnk4
|
what happens to the healthcare sector of the economy if single payer healthcare goes into effect?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bhnnk4/eli5_what_happens_to_the_healthcare_sector_of_the/
|
{
"a_id": [
"elu7cq4",
"elu7w97"
],
"score": [
6,
2
],
"text": [
"Doctors and hospitals would still get paid. Probably more since the uninsured would actually pay their bills now.\n\nInsurance companies would go out of business, maybe the rank and file will go to healthcare admin jobs with the govt. the CEOs and managers I’m sure will find some other jobs draining money from people uselessly.\n\nAnd people will stop going bankrupt over medical bills.\n\nBut I’m not an expert...",
"I private healthcare system will form and anyone who can afford it will get private healthcare in addition to their public healthcare. Because everyone will have public healthcare, the price for private healthcare in addition to the public option will be relatively inexpensive. \n\nIt is very similar to when the government took over education by taking money away from private parochial schools in the 1960's. The private schools just started charging a tuition and the parents pay taxed for the public school, while paying a second time their childs tuition, just to get a better quality of education."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
1ax888
|
why do a movie theater employees enter a movie a few minutes after it begins with a clip board, stands to the side for a few minutes, then leaves again?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1ax888/eli5_why_do_a_movie_theater_employees_enter_a/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c91khvp",
"c91kzoy"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Perhaps just to take note of how many seats are filled in proportion to ticket sales. ",
"It may actually be the projectionist, I used to work in projection and (when we had time) we would often nip into the screen to check the audio as the feature starts.\n\nEdit: I forgot, we had loads of time. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
1qqb72
|
i thought this was so easy, but how on earth does everyone on here turn video files into gifs?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1qqb72/eli5_i_thought_this_was_so_easy_but_how_on_earth/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cdfg9n0",
"cdfhed0"
],
"score": [
2,
8
],
"text": [
"Holy crap...one of the first times I seen a question posted on r/explainlikeimfive without any responses!!! ",
"This may not be the best way to do it, but it's the way I know and it works.\n\nPerhaps surprisingly, Photoshop can open video files. Just open the video file in Photoshop and it is automatically converted to a frame by frame animation. (If the video is the wrong format, or massive, you can trim it down and downsize it in a video editor very quickly.) In Photoshop, you can cut it down as desired, add effects, etc., through normal Photoshop processes. Then you save it as a .gif."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
13sygu
|
how do i raise my credit score when i don't have anything but negative to start from?(usa)
|
So, I'm 21 and have never had a credit card. I have a couple utilities in my name (Power and Cable),that have been in my name for the past 2 years, and that's it. I have a medical bill that was sent to collections. Of the utilities that I do have in my name, there have been numerous times when I had to pay the bill a week, maybe 2 weeks late.
I've been told that I need to get a credit card, but I've heard so much about those companies keeping you for a couple years, then changing rates on you and screwing you over that it's scared me and I'm really wary of the idea.
I also have almost no knowledge of how credit works and how to check my credit score...and even if I could, I know that checking it more than once will lower it, and since I don't know if I'm moving when my lease is up, I'm afraid of checking it in case they have to check it if I move.
Basically, I'm afraid that I've already messed my credit score up, and I have no idea how to fix it or how to know if I'm fixing it, and I'd like someone to explain to me how this all works, because I have no idea where to start.
Also, why don't we automatically get a credit score given to us when we get our tax information each year? It seems to me that that would make things a lot easier.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/13sygu/how_do_i_raise_my_credit_score_when_i_dont_have/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c76w583"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"First, you probably don't have that horrible of a credit score. The majority of your credit score is determined by the percentage of credit used. So, if you had a credit card with $10,000 and you had a $5,000 balance, you would be at 50%. Since you have no lines of credit the credit bureau is going to have to work on other bits of information.\n\nThe debt sent to collections isn't going to help you. But, if you've paid it off it shouldn't hurt you too much either. Most late bills don't get reported to the credit agencies unless they're 30-60 days lates. So I wouldn't worry about that either.\n\nRegarding checking your score lowering it. That only applies if someone else checks it. If you are checking your own score then it shouldn't impact it. Even if other people are checking it, it only matters if you have a lot of people checking it in a short period of time because that could look like you're shopping around for credit and trying to take on new debt.\n\nYou are allowed to check your credit history for free once every year from each of the three big credit agencies. The website where you can do that is here: _URL_1_ You won't get a credit score with your tax information.\n\nYour credit report is different from your credit score. Your credit report is a listing of all the transactions and accounts that make up your credit history. If there is something factually incorrect on your credit report you can get it changed, but it's not an easy process.\n\nYour credit score is the output of a formula the credit bureaus use that takes all of the details of your credit history and condenses it down to one number. The most common score used is FICO from the Fair-Issacs Company. You can read details on how it's calculated here: _URL_0_\n\nYour credit score is not free because the exact formula is considered a trade secret. You can pay to get your credit score fairly cheaply though. Since you are checking your own score, it won't impact it.\n\nIf you are really worried that you need to improve your credit rating, look into a secured credit card. Basically, you give a bank an amount of money (say $500) and they give you a credit card with that much limit. These are given to even the worst credit risks because the debt is secured with the collateral you first gave them. If you stop making payments, they'll simply take your $500.\n\nUse this secured credit card wisely. Pay it off every month and you'll be on your way to building a good credit history."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://www.myfico.com/crediteducation/whatsinyourscore.aspx",
"https://www.annualcreditreport.com/cra/index.jsp"
]
] |
|
2uw6q5
|
why don't we teach students the names of countries in the language that the countries speak?
|
In other words, why can't everyone in the world call Germany "Deutschland," and things of that matter?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2uw6q5/eli5_why_dont_we_teach_students_the_names_of/
|
{
"a_id": [
"coc7p2r",
"coc7yp7",
"coc89rt",
"coc8shl"
],
"score": [
6,
11,
5,
3
],
"text": [
"What do you do with countries that speak more than one language?",
"Simply: because we teach them the names of the country as rendered in the language they speak, and because some countries' native names are not pronounceable by someone who hasn't properly learned it the language — so they consistently end up mangling the name. Example: Americans who haven't learned a Norwegian language before age 13 usually screw up pronouncing æ, ö, å, þ, ð, and so forth. So, when they try to pronounce Sværige, which is the native name of Sweden, they don't do it right. \n\nOr the Icelandic volcano Eyejafjallajökull — even Danes and Swedes have difficulty pronouncing it right, because the doubled l's sound like a mushy d, and people will listen to it, and reproduce what they think was said, because their brain literally can't hear the difference between what was said and what they think they heard.\n\nSo, rather than teach all students every phoneme in the IPA, we stick to the names that are established.",
"Deutschland is a perfect example... that's for Germans... but Germania for Italians (same root of English Germany that means land of the Germans) Allemagne for the French (Alemania in Spanish land of Alemannis) Нямеччына in Bielorussia (or from similar roots in other slavic languages )\nSome of them come from the people that inhabitated from time to time that land and all of them have historical reasons which can't be wiped off just by teaching at school as they are part of their own languages \nThis link even if in Italian can give you an idea of how complex the question is _URL_0_ \n",
"IMO it doesn't make sense to teach children, who have far from mastered their own language, a whole bunch of words from different languages that have letters they don't know or, more importantly, letters they *do* know but are pronounced differently. It's just confusing."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[
"http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomi_della_Germania"
],
[]
] |
|
ec6yk3
|
is there a difference in the performance of an aircraft in sub- trans- and supersonic flight? why?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/ec6yk3/eli5_is_there_a_difference_in_the_performance_of/
|
{
"a_id": [
"fb9j4z4",
"fb9jd9c",
"fb9k7b6",
"fb9w80a"
],
"score": [
2,
2,
4,
2
],
"text": [
"Yes. The lift and drag will change rapidly near the speed of sound. As mach one is approached, airflow at different spots near the plane will be accelerated to the speed of sound and so the transition to supersonic flight isn't quite a sudden change.",
"The speed of a wave in something move at the speed of sound. If you push on one end of a steel beam there will be a wave that travel trough it and the other side will start to move when the wave reaches it. For steel it is 16.5x faster then air. \n\nA pressure wave like that is what sound is. So if you move in air when you push on the air the push it transmitted in the air at the speed of sound.\n\nSo when you move subsonic the air will flow around you. For supersonic flight you will move in the air faster then if can flow away so you will compress the air infront of you. The compression is what causes a sonic boom.\n\nSo the difference is in how the air flow around the aircraft when you move faster or slower then the speed of sound.\n\nIt will have a huge effect on how a air plane behave. A good example is that a passenger jet have a relative blunt nose that air flow around but a fighter jet have a sharper nose because you need to press air away when you passes trough it.",
"The properties of supersonic and subsonic flow and thus flight at those speeds is very different. In order to try to make this ELI5 I'l talk about the simplest major difference between subsonic and supersonic flow, behavior in a pipe that changes diameter (found as the inlets and nozzles of engines) which results in completely opposite behavior.\n\nMost airplane engines require subsonic \"slow\" flow inside in order to burn fuel without the air \"blowing out\" the flame and thus use a device called a Diffuser at the inlet or behind the fan to achieve this. When subsonic flow enters a conventional diffuser, basically a tube which widens as you go further into it, the flow slows down as there is more space (cross section) to be filled by air and thus the air speed slows down. \n\nSupersonic flow does the complete opposite for reasons that are not ELI5 but if the diameter of the tube gets larger, the flow gets even faster like in a rocket nozzle. Thus if your plane is not designed for the transition from subsonic flow with a variable geometry inlet, your engine can blow out - loosing all combustion/power or just straight up disintegrate as the even higher speed airflow creates very high pressure shock waves inside your engine. \n\nAerodynamics overall isn't ELI5, but in short most major airflow properties change dramatically when crossing the speed of sound. Transonic regimes are even harder to deal with as you have both local areas of supersonic flow and subsonic flow which is a pain to engineer around.",
"ELI5 version:\n\nThink of it like a boat.\n\nSubsonic is like the boat chigging along, pushing the water aside, creating a bow wave in front of it which slows it down.\n\nAt transsonic, the bow wave is building up, getting tougher to push through.\n\nAt supersonic, the boat is moving faster than the bow wave, so it kind of push through it and the bow wave is created after the boat. With a boat, you are calling that \"planing\", where the boat kind of moves on top of the water.\n\nWith aircraft, of course, you can't move \"on top\" of the air, but the pressure wave from the leading edge of an aircraft is pretty much like the bow wave. When it pass into supersonic, that pressure wave have moved to behind the aircraft."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
2dzq9m
|
how is the amount of stock a company is made up of decided?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2dzq9m/eli5_how_is_the_amount_of_stock_a_company_is_made/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cjumu5d",
"cjuosz2",
"cjuqhen"
],
"score": [
3,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Honestly? Its just an arbitrary number. They have to file paperwork with the SEC which authorizes a certain number of shares. At any time they can choose to increase/decrease that number by splitting/combining the stock.\n\n",
"With a private company, it's just sort of a number they make up.\n\nWhen a company goes public, they normally bring in a large commercial bank to coordinate the IPO. They do extensive research into the company, how it works, how its inner financial workings are, market share, potential for growth and all that. They then pull a number out of *their* ass.",
"it's basically how m any pieces they want to break the company into. the company is a pie. The smaller the piece, the more people can have a piece. the bigger the piece, the less people get a piece. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
59fmgw
|
why does homosexuality/asexuality exist, given that an important part of life is reproducing?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/59fmgw/eli5_why_does_homosexualityasexuality_exist_given/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d983b7j",
"d983tba",
"d984mde"
],
"score": [
2,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Because there's more to life then reproducing, and because there's especially more to life then an individual reproducing.\n\nTo give a bit more detail, I am interpreting your question as something akin to the following: How can a gene for homosexulity exist when an ultimately survival depends on reproduction. [Note: in this answer, I am cribbing a bit from [this great video](_URL_0_) (which comes from a decidedly atheist perspective, but gets the point across effectively)]\n\nThere are two version of an answer to that question. The first is that life depends on reproduction, yes, but evolution isn't about individuals, it's about populations. And, relatedly, evolution isn't about creating something that works ideally in every case, but preserving things that work often enough to be worth preserving in this messy world of ours. Thus, for example, a gene that 80% of the time leads to an increased sex drive (and more babies ) but 20% of the time ends up giving you homosexuality (fewer babies for that individual) might actually be a benefit for a population compared to one that never gets either the increased sex drive or the homosexuality. It could even have a direct benefit: Maybe there's more social cohesion in Dolphin pods where some members are homosexual---making sex more available---allowing them to hunt more effectively. \n\n",
"Humans live in groups. A group that is fittest is one with more able adults than children. Having a homosexual/asexual family member makes the clan/tribe fitter as you now have an able bodied adult with no offspring to care for. ",
"You see, Billy, sexuality is like playing little league baseball. Sure, there's different set positions that you can play and for the game to work you need those positions. But there's also a small percentage of kids out there doing their own thing, picking their nose, watching the birds, what have you. Now, they don't hurt the game, or stop the game, but they're there and people like them will always show up. It's a part of the game as much as actually playing the game is! "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YuK9pxjBwX8"
],
[],
[]
] |
||
13u0lr
|
facebook's policy update email that was just sent out.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/13u0lr/eli5_facebooks_policy_update_email_that_was_just/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c776r8c",
"c777rg8"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"_URL_0_\n\nTLDR: Facebook can do whatever it wants with whatever you post, just like it always has been able to. Plus some stuff for you to use in controlling your interactions with friends.",
"Here's the text of the email that is in reference:\n\nWe recently announced some proposed updates to our Data Use Policy, which explains how we collect and use data when people use Facebook, and our Statement of Rights and Responsibilities (SRR), which explains the terms governing use of our services.\n\nThe updates provide you with more detailed information about our practices and reflect changes to our products, including:\nNew tools for managing your Facebook Messages;\nChanges to how we refer to certain products;\nTips on managing your timeline; and\nReminders about what's visible to other people on Facebook.\nWe are also proposing changes to our site governance process for future updates to our Data Use Policy and SRR. We deeply value the feedback we receive from you during our comment period but have found that the voting mechanism created a system that incentivized quantity of comments over the quality of them. So, we are proposing to end the voting component in order to promote a more meaningful environment for feedback. We also plan to roll out new engagement channels, including a feature for submitting questions about privacy to our Chief Privacy Officer of Policy.\n\nWe encourage you to review these proposed changes and give us feedback before we finalize them. Please visit the \"Documents\" tab of the Facebook Site Governance Page _URL_0_ to learn more about these changes and to submit comments before 9 AM PST on November 28, 2012.\n\nYou can also follow and like the Site Governance Page for updates on this process and on any future changes to our Data Use Policy or SRR.\nTips:\n\tYour timeline: You have settings that help you design how your timeline will appear to others, like hiding things from your timeline. Remember that this only impacts whether those things are visible on your timeline. Those posts are still visible elsewhere, like in news feed, on other people's timelines, or in search results. You can delete your own posts from your timeline or activity log, or ask someone else to delete a post you're tagged in.\n\tCookies info: Technologies like cookies, pixels, and local storage are used to deliver, secure, and understand products, services, and ads, on and off Facebook. Learn more about how we and our partners use cookies and similar technologies.\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://www.facebook.com/fbsitegovernance/app_4949752878"
],
[
"https://www.facebook.com/fbsitegovernance"
]
] |
||
70rljl
|
why is it "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" instead of just "life, liberty, and happiness"? what makes "the pursuit of" so important that it needs to be included?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/70rljl/eli5_why_is_it_life_liberty_and_the_pursuit_of/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dn5eds7",
"dn5ef9s",
"dn5eh4h",
"dn5emd3",
"dn5fbty"
],
"score": [
10,
2,
16,
27,
7
],
"text": [
"It implies that happiness is not guaranteed to anyone, and that some people, whether through misfortune or bad decisions, will not be able to achieve it. The best you get is the opportunity to try to be happy.",
"You cannot guarantee everyone happiness... nothing is being given to them. What is being provided is the CHANCE to be happy, the opportunity to go after what makes them happy... the PURSUIT of happiness.",
"Our founding fathers are brilliant. They knew that happiness is something that is found differently, uniquely by everyone. So what they're saying is that it is the pursuit of happiness to which you have a right, not to happiness itself, because some people never find what happiness is, or struggle between happiness versus contentment. So rather than adding this guarantee, the forefathers said that Americans had the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness! \n\nSource: my mother is a scholar of American history with a focus on the documents that founded our nation's birth. ",
" > What is the meaning of \"the pursuit of\" anyways? \n\nTo \"pursue\" means \"To aim for, go after (a specified objective, situation etc.)\". So \"the pursuit of happiness\" means \"striving to reach a state of happiness\".\n\n > What difference does it make if it was left out, if any?\n\nTo say that you are entitled of \"life, liberty, and happiness\" would imply that it's the government's job to make you happy. But entitling you to \"the pursuit of happiness\" means that the government's job is to stand aside and not interfere in your right to try to achieve happiness in your life, which makes a lot more sense.",
"Locke said every human has a right to life, liberty, and property. Thomas Jefferson originally paraphrased that exactly, but it was Ben Franklin who thought that \"property\" was too contentious, with slavery being a point of debate even then. \n\nHappiness here has a slightly different meaning- personal success/affluence. Obviously not everyone can be successful, but everyone deserves the right to chase their dream."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.