triplets
list | passage
stringlengths 56
13.5k
| label_str
stringlengths 5
48
| passage_id
float64 58
38.4k
⌀ | __index_level_0__
int64 0
529k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
[
"I Am Other",
"owned by",
"Pharrell Williams"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>I Am Other<\e1> and <e2>Pharrell Williams<\e2>.
|
owned by
| 32,091 | 101,480 |
[
"Zymne Monastery",
"founded by",
"Vladimir the Great"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Zymne Monastery<\e1> and <e2>Vladimir the Great<\e2>.
History
The origin of the monastery is uncertain, but a monastic legend attributes its foundation to Vladimir the Great. He was said to have built two churches and his winter palace there, from which the village takes its name. It is also claimed that the first hegumen of the Kiev Pechersk Lavra died there on his way from Tsargrad to Kiev in the 11th century.
The monastery was first mentioned in documents in 1458. It was controlled by the Greek Orthodox Church until 1698, when it joined the Uniate Church in union with Catholic Church (Union of Brest). Within several decades, the monastic community ceased to exist.
Sometime after the third partition of Poland, in 1857 its cathedral was revived as a Ukrainian Orthodox parish church. In 1893, the monastery was re-established as a Ukrainian Orthodox nunnery. The Soviets dissolved this sisterhood after annexing Volynia in 1939 following its invasion and occupation. The convent was revived during the period of the German occupation, but reduced to a parish church in 1945 after the area became part of Soviet Ukraine. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, it reopened in 1990. It was given stauropegic status in 1996.
|
founded by
| 33,773 | 101,482 |
[
"Xi Jinping's cult of personality",
"founded by",
"Xi Jinping"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Xi Jinping's cult of personality<\e1> and <e2>Xi Jinping<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,483 |
[
"Little Pine (restaurant)",
"founded by",
"Moby"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Little Pine (restaurant)<\e1> and <e2>Moby<\e2>.
Little Pine was a fine-dining vegan bistro located in the Silver Lake neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. It was founded by electronic musician and animal rights activist Moby. In July 2020, local plant-based investors took over operations of the restaurant. The restaurant served organic, vegan, Mediterranean-inspired dishes and has a retail section with art and books, curated by Moby himself. Moby's vision was to create a space that includes various aspects of society that he cares about. The restaurant closed down in December 2022.
|
founded by
| 33,774 | 101,484 |
[
"People's Liberation Army",
"founded by",
"Chinese Communist Party"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>People's Liberation Army<\e1> and <e2>Chinese Communist Party<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,487 |
[
"Xinhua News Agency",
"founded by",
"Chinese Communist Party"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Xinhua News Agency<\e1> and <e2>Chinese Communist Party<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,492 |
[
"Xinhua News Agency",
"owned by",
"State Council of the People's Republic of China"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Xinhua News Agency<\e1> and <e2>State Council of the People's Republic of China<\e2>.
|
owned by
| 32,091 | 101,493 |
[
"Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia)",
"founded by",
"Alexander I of Russia"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia)<\e1> and <e2>Alexander I of Russia<\e2>.
History
Russian Empire
The first interior ministry in Russia was created by Tsar Alexander I on 28 March 1802 in the process of government reforms to replace the aging collegia of Peter the Great. The MVD was one of the most powerful governmental bodies of the Empire, responsible for the police forces and Internal Guards and the supervision of gubernial administrations. Its initial responsibilities also included penitentiaries, firefighting, state enterprises, the state postal system, state property, construction, roads, medicine, clergy, natural resources, and nobility; most of them were transferred to other ministries and government bodies by the mid-19th century.
|
founded by
| 33,776 | 101,500 |
[
"Deng Xiaoping Theory",
"founded by",
"Deng Xiaoping"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Deng Xiaoping Theory<\e1> and <e2>Deng Xiaoping<\e2>.
Deng Xiaoping Theory (Chinese: 邓小平理论; pinyin: Dèng Xiǎopíng Lǐlùn), also known as Dengism, is the series of political and economic ideologies first developed by Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping.: 1500 The theory does not reject Marxism–Leninism or Maoism, but instead claims to be an adaptation of them to the existing socioeconomic conditions of China.The theory also played an important role in China's modern economy, as Deng stressed opening China to the outside world, the implementation of one country, two systems, and through the phrase "seek truth from facts",: 1500 an advocation of political and economic pragmatism.
|
founded by
| 33,778 | 101,505 |
[
"International Theological Commission",
"founded by",
"Paul VI"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>International Theological Commission<\e1> and <e2>Paul VI<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,506 |
[
"Tierpark Hagenbeck",
"founded by",
"Carl Hagenbeck"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Tierpark Hagenbeck<\e1> and <e2>Carl Hagenbeck<\e2>.
The Tierpark Hagenbeck is a zoo in Stellingen, Hamburg, Germany. The collection began in 1863 with animals that belonged to Carl Hagenbeck Sr. (1810–1887), a fishmonger who became an amateur animal collector. The park itself was founded by Carl Hagenbeck Jr. in 1907. It is known for being the first zoo to use open enclosures surrounded by moats, rather than barred cages, to better approximate animals' natural environments.History
Animal and Human trading
In 1863, the elder Hagenbeck began collecting exotic animals that came through Hamburg's port. By the 1870s, the trade had proved more lucrative than his fish shop, and Hagenbeck had become one of the most prominent exotic animal traders in all of Europe. In 1874, the younger Hagenbeck traveled around the world collecting animals. Among his collections, however, were also human beings whom he exhibited in "human zoos". Hagenbeck decided to exhibit Samoan and Sámi people as "purely natural" populations. The Sámi were presented with their tents, weapons, and sleds, beside a group of reindeer.
In 1874, Hagenbeck opened a zoo facility in Hamburg, called Carl Hagenbeck's Tierpark, while he continued exhibiting humans. In 1876, he began exhibiting Nubians all across Europe. He also dispatched an agent to Labrador to secure a number of "Esquimaux" (Inuit) from the settlement of Hebron; these Inuit (see Abraham Ulrikab) were exhibited in the Hamburg Tierpark.Though initially popular, Hagenbeck's shows gradually began to decline in popularity, especially once the photograph became more and more common, and Hagenbeck's exhibits began to look less and less real in comparison. After one exhibit, Hagenbeck was left with a large number of elephants and no one to purchase them. Unable to sell, he started a circus. To counter the declining popularity of his human zoos, Hagenbeck began working on making his displays more realistic, techniques that would later influence the animal zoo.
|
founded by
| 33,780 | 101,509 |
[
"Marinebrigade Ehrhardt",
"founded by",
"Hermann Ehrhardt"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Marinebrigade Ehrhardt<\e1> and <e2>Hermann Ehrhardt<\e2>.
The Marinebrigade Ehrhardt, also known as the Ehrhardt Brigade, was a Freikorps unit of the early Weimar Republic. It was formed on 17 February 1919 as the Second Marine Brigade from members of the former Imperial German Navy under the leadership of Hermann Ehrhardt. The Brigade was used primarily in the suppression of the Bavarian Soviet Republic and the First Silesian Uprising, both in the first half of 1919. In March 1920, faced with its imminent disbanding by orders of the government in Berlin, the Marine Brigade was one of the main supporters of the Kapp Putsch that tried to overthrow the Weimar Republic. After the putsch failed and the Brigade was disbanded in May, many of the former members formed the secret Organisation Consul under Ehrhardt's leadership. Before it was banned in 1922, it carried out numerous assassinations and murders in a continuation of the attempts to overthrow the Republic.
|
founded by
| 33,781 | 101,511 |
[
"Hollywood Anti-Nazi League",
"founded by",
"Willi Münzenberg"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Hollywood Anti-Nazi League<\e1> and <e2>Willi Münzenberg<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,512 |
[
"Hollywood Anti-Nazi League",
"founded by",
"Dorothy Parker"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Hollywood Anti-Nazi League<\e1> and <e2>Dorothy Parker<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,513 |
[
"Nginx",
"founded by",
"Igor Sysoev"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Nginx<\e1> and <e2>Igor Sysoev<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,515 |
[
"Löwinger-Bühne",
"founded by",
"Anna Löwinger"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Löwinger-Bühne<\e1> and <e2>Anna Löwinger<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,516 |
[
"Löwinger-Bühne",
"founded by",
"Paul Löwinger senior"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Löwinger-Bühne<\e1> and <e2>Paul Löwinger senior<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,517 |
[
"Tuspark",
"founded by",
"Tsinghua University"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Tuspark<\e1> and <e2>Tsinghua University<\e2>.
The Tuspark or Tsinghua University Science Park, Tuspark Holding Limited is a Chinese high-tech company which builds business parks. It has buildings in Zhongguancun of Beijing, in Kunshan, Suzhou, Jiangsu and in Nanjing. It has 30 branches all around China. About 400 companies and 25000 employees are working in Tuspark. The original branch is based just south-west next to the East Gate of the main campus of Tsinghua University in Wudaokou.
Tuspark, which is an abbreviation of the Tsinghua University Science Park, was set up in 1994, the first building, the TusPark Development Center was built in 1998.
The TusPark's founder and President is Mei Meng, the senior vice-president is Chen Hongbo, who is the vice-dean of the Tsinghua University. The Tuspark's CEO is Xu Jinghong.
|
founded by
| 33,783 | 101,518 |
[
"Kings League",
"founded by",
"Gerard Piqué"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Kings League<\e1> and <e2>Gerard Piqué<\e2>.
The Kings League (officially known as the Kings League InfoJobs since December 2022 due to sponsorship reasons) is a seven-a-side football league in Barcelona established in 2022 by Gerard Piqué, in association with other notable football personalities and internet streamers. The league features rules that differ from traditional football regulations with the aim of adding an element of dynamism and entertainment to the games, such as a tie-breaker penalty shootout, the allowance of handballs for throw-ins, unlimited substitutions, and the implementation of secret weapons.
|
founded by
| 33,784 | 101,519 |
[
"Kings League",
"founded by",
"Ibai Llanos"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Kings League<\e1> and <e2>Ibai Llanos<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,520 |
[
"China International Communications Group",
"founded by",
"Soong Ching-ling"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>China International Communications Group<\e1> and <e2>Soong Ching-ling<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,521 |
[
"Right Livelihood Award",
"founded by",
"Carl Wolmar Jakob von Uexküll"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Right Livelihood Award<\e1> and <e2>Carl Wolmar Jakob von Uexküll<\e2>.
The Right Livelihood Award is an international award to "honour and support those offering practical and exemplary answers to the most urgent challenges facing us today." The prize was established in 1980 by German-Swedish philanthropist Jakob von Uexkull, and is presented annually in early December. An international jury, invited by the five regular Right Livelihood Award board members, decides the awards in such fields as environmental protection, human rights, sustainable development, health, education, and peace. The prize money is shared among the winners, usually numbering four, and is €200,000. Very often one of the four laureates receives an honorary award, which means that the other three share the prize money.Although it is promoted as an "Alternative Nobel Prize", it is not a Nobel prize (i.e., a prize created by Alfred Nobel). It does not have any organizational ties at all to the awarding institutions of the Nobel Prize or the Nobel Foundation, unlike the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, which is not technically a Nobel prize but is administered by the Nobel Foundation.
However, the Right Livelihood Award is sometimes popularly associated with the Nobel prizes. The Right Livelihood Award committee arranged for awards to be made in the Riksdag of Sweden the day before the Nobel prizes and the economics prize are also awarded in Stockholm. However, the Right Livelihood Awards are understood as a critique of the traditional Nobel prizes. The establishment of the award followed a failed attempt to have the Nobel Foundation create new prizes in the areas of environmental protection, sustainable development and human rights. The prize has been awarded to a diverse group of people and organisations, including Wangari Maathai, Astrid Lindgren, Bianca Jagger, Mordechai Vanunu, Leopold Kohr, Arna Mer-Khamis, Felicia Langer, Petra Kelly, Survival International, Amy Goodman, Catherine Hamlin, Memorial, Edward Snowden, Daniel Ellsberg, and Greta Thunberg.History
Jakob von Uexküll, a philanthropist, sold his stamp collection worth US$1 million, which provided the initial funding for the award. Before establishing the award in 1980, von Uexkull had tried to persuade the Nobel Foundation to establish new prizes to be awarded together with the Nobel Prizes. He suggested new prize categories to be created: one in ecology and one in development. Like the Nobel Economics Prize, this would have been possible with an amendment to the Nobel Foundation statutes and funding of the prize amount completely separate from Nobel's fortune. The Nobel Prize amount was 880,000 Swedish kronor at that time, which corresponded to US$195,000. However, as a result of the debate that followed the establishment of the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (first awarded in 1969), the Nobel Foundation had decided not to associate the Nobel Prize with any additional awards, so von Uexküll's proposal was rejected.From 1980 to 2021, the foundation presented awards to 186 laureates from 73 countries. Its self-described purpose is to bestow prizes and thus publicize the work of recipients' local solutions to worldwide problems.
|
founded by
| 33,785 | 101,523 |
[
"Quebec City",
"founded by",
"Samuel de Champlain"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Quebec City<\e1> and <e2>Samuel de Champlain<\e2>.
Quebec City ( (listen) or ; French: Ville de Québec), officially Québec ([kebɛk] (listen)), is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec. As of July 2021, the city had a population of 549,459, and the metropolitan area had a population of 839,311. It is the eleventh-largest city and the seventh-largest metropolitan area in Canada. It is also the second-largest city in the province, after Montreal. It has a humid continental climate with warm summers coupled with cold and snowy winters.
Explorer Samuel de Champlain founded a French settlement here in 1608, and adopted the Algonquin name. Quebec City is one of the oldest European settlements in North America. The ramparts surrounding Old Quebec (Vieux-Québec) are the only fortified city walls remaining in the Americas north of Mexico. This area was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985 as the "Historic District of Old Québec".It is home to the earliest known French settlement in North America, [gacor] Fort Charlesbourg-Royal, established in 1541 by explorer Jacques Cartier with some 400 persons but abandoned less than a year later due to the hostility of the natives and the harsh winter. The fort was at the mouth of the Rivière du Cap Rouge, in the suburban former town of Cap-Rouge (which merged into Quebec City in 2002).
Quebec was founded by Samuel de Champlain, a French explorer and diplomat, on 3 July 1608, and at the site of a long abandoned St. Lawrence Iroquoian settlement called Stadacona. Champlain, also called "The Father of New France", served as its administrator for the rest of his life.
The name "Canada" refers to this settlement. Although the Acadian settlement at Port-Royal was established three years earlier, Quebec came to be known as the cradle of North America's Francophone population. The place seemed favourable to the establishment of a permanent colony.
|
founded by
| 33,787 | 101,534 |
[
"Dm-drogerie markt",
"founded by",
"Götz Werner"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Dm-drogerie markt<\e1> and <e2>Götz Werner<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,535 |
[
"Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society",
"founded by",
"Fritz Haber"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society<\e1> and <e2>Fritz Haber<\e2>.
The Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society (FHI) is a science research institute located at the heart of the academic district of Dahlem, in Berlin, Germany.
The original Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, founded in 1911, was incorporated into the Max Planck Society and simultaneously renamed for its first director, Fritz Haber, in 1953.
The research topics covered throughout the history of the institute include chemical kinetics and reaction dynamics, colloid chemistry, atomic physics, spectroscopy, surface chemistry and surface physics, chemical physics and molecular physics, theoretical chemistry, and materials science.During World War I and World War II, the research of the institute was directed towards Germany's military needs.To the illustrious past members of the Institute belong Herbert Freundlich, James Franck, Paul Friedlander, Rudolf Ladenburg, Michael Polanyi, Eugene Wigner, Ladislaus Farkas, Hartmut Kallmann, Otto Hahn, Robert Havemann, Karl Friedrich Bonhoeffer, Iwan N. Stranski, Ernst Ruska, Max von Laue, Gerhard Borrmann, Rudolf Brill, Kurt Moliere, Jochen Block, Heinz Gerischer, Rolf Hosemann, Kurt Ueberreiter, Alexander Bradshaw, Elmar Zeitler, and Gerhard Ertl.
Nobel Prize laureates affiliated with the institute include Max von Laue (1914), Fritz Haber (1918), James Franck (1925), Otto Hahn (1944), Eugene Wigner (1963), Ernst Ruska (1986), Gerhard Ertl (2007).
|
founded by
| 33,788 | 101,536 |
[
"Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society",
"founded by",
"Kaiser Wilhelm Society"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society<\e1> and <e2>Kaiser Wilhelm Society<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,537 |
[
"Polish Humanitarian Action",
"founded by",
"Janina Ochojska"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Polish Humanitarian Action<\e1> and <e2>Janina Ochojska<\e2>.
Management Board of PAH
Janina Ochojska-Okońska – president of Polish Humanitarian Action from its foundation
Dorota Serafin
Grzegorz Gruca
Maciej Bagiński
Katarzyna GórskaHistory and Characteristics of PAH’s Activity
Polish Humanitarian Action was established on 26 December 1992, initially as the EquiLibre Foundation, and from December 1994 under its present name. In 1992, Janina Ochojska started organizing convoys with donations for the inhabitants of Sarajevo. It was the first initiative of this kind, which provided an opportunity for Polish society to provide aid to people suffering as a result of war, which was taking place not far away from their own country. PAH’s activity served as a mobilizing factor for people from different social backgrounds. They were determined to help and to show their solidarity with people in need. Thanks to their commitment, PAH was able to organize a series of spontaneous aid actions which concentrated mainly on immediate aid, by sending convoys with donations to satisfy the basic needs - food, medicine, rehabilitation equipment and other necessities indispensable to survive in the situation of war or natural disaster.
|
founded by
| 33,789 | 101,538 |
[
"World Day Against Child Labour",
"founded by",
"International Labour Organization"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>World Day Against Child Labour<\e1> and <e2>International Labour Organization<\e2>.
The World Day Against Child Labour is an International Labour Organization (ILO)-sanctioned holiday first launched in 2002 aiming to raise awareness and activism to prevent child labour. It was spurred by ratifications of ILO Convention No. 138 on the minimum age for employment and ILO Convention No. 182 on the worst forms of child labour.
The World Day Against Child Labour, which is held every year on June 12, is intended to foster the worldwide movement against child labour.Background
The World Day Against Child Labour was first established in the year 2002 by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) to draw constant attention to the issue of child labour and to revise and revisit our strategies to eliminate child labour. It has been 19 years since 2002, and the World Day Against Child Labour is observed on 12 June every year. The United Nations General Assembly while acknowledging the magnitude of child labour, unanimously adopted a resolution declaring 2021 as the International Year for the Elimination of Child Labour and has asked the ILO to take the lead in its implementation. This day brings together governments, local authorities, civil society and international, workers and employers organizations to point out the child labour problem and define the guidelines to help child labourers.According to ILO's data, hundreds of millions of girls and boys worldwide are involved in work that deprives them of receiving adequate education, health, leisure and basic freedoms, violating this way their rights. Of these children, more than half are exposed to the worst forms of child labour. These worst forms of child labour include work in hazardous environments, slavery, or other forms of forced labour, illicit activities such as drug trafficking and prostitution, as well as involvement in armed conflict.
|
founded by
| 33,790 | 101,539 |
[
"Kleve",
"founded by",
"Dietrich V, Count of Cleves"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Kleve<\e1> and <e2>Dietrich V, Count of Cleves<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,541 |
[
"Aachener Bachverein",
"founded by",
"Heinrich Boell"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Aachener Bachverein<\e1> and <e2>Heinrich Boell<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,545 |
[
"Tongji University",
"founded by",
"Erich Paulun"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Tongji University<\e1> and <e2>Erich Paulun<\e2>.
History
The history of Tongji University can be traced back to 1907 when the German Medical School for the Chinese in Shanghai was founded by the German government together with the German physicians Erich Paulun, Oscar von Schab and Paul Krieg. The school was affiliated with the Tongji-Hospital the German physicians had established in Shanghai on the initiative of Paulun. The name Tongji, which is a phonetic approximation in Shanghainese of German deutsche ("German"), suggests cooperating by riding the same boat. The school was expanded to include engineering in its programs and got its new name as German Medical and Engineering School for the Chinese in Shanghai in 1912. It was formally established as a Chinese university under the name of Tongji University in 1923/1924 and was renamed as National Tongji University in 1927. During the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945), the university campus was moved from Shanghai first to Zhejiang Province, then to Jiangxi Province and Yunnan Province and later to Sichuan Province. It was eventually moved back to Shanghai in 1946. It then grew to be a comprehensive university which offered programs in science, engineering, medicine, arts, and law. Following a nationwide campaign of reorganizing schools and departments between universities in 1952, Tongji University became a university knowns for its civil engineering and architecture programs. Tongji is also the first university that introduced Urban Planning into China. In 1952, the first twelve full professors of Tongji are: Li Guohao, 周念先 (Zhou Nianxian), 钱仲毅 (Qian Zhongyi), 陈超 (Chen Chao), 周方白 (周圭), 李寿康, et al.
As a university which had established a reputation for its research, Tongji became one of the first batch of universities which were authorized by the China State Council to establish its Graduate School. As one of the leading universities, it was successful in its application for the 211 Program which provided universities with substantial government fund. In 1995, the university became one to be jointly supported by the State Education Commission and the Shanghai Municipal Government. In 1996 the university merged with Shanghai Institute of Urban Construction and Shanghai Institute of Building Materials. The merger was acknowledged by the State Council as "Tongji Model" in the system renovation of higher institutions in China. In April 2000, the expanded Tongji merged again with Shanghai Railway University. Now Tongji University has become a comprehensive university which offers a wide range of programs in science, engineering, medicine, arts, law, economics and management.
|
founded by
| 33,792 | 101,546 |
[
"Royal Observatory of Belgium",
"founded by",
"Adolphe Quetelet"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Royal Observatory of Belgium<\e1> and <e2>Adolphe Quetelet<\e2>.
The Royal Observatory of Belgium (French: Observatoire Royal de Belgique, Dutch: Koninklijke Sterrenwacht van België), has been situated in the Uccle municipality of Brussels, Belgium, since 1890. It was first established in Saint-Josse-ten-Noode in 1826 by King William I of the Netherlands under the impulse of Adolphe Quetelet. It was home to a 100 cm (39 in) diameter aperture Zeiss reflector in the first half of the 20th century, one of the largest telescopes in the world at the time. It now owns a variety of other astronomical instruments, such as astrographs, as well as a range of seismograph equipment (for detecting earthquakes).
Its main activities are:
|
founded by
| 33,793 | 101,548 |
[
"Malagasy Academy",
"founded by",
"Joseph Gallieni"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Malagasy Academy<\e1> and <e2>Joseph Gallieni<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,549 |
[
"JDeveloper",
"founded by",
"Oracle"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>JDeveloper<\e1> and <e2>Oracle<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,551 |
[
"Sony's Spider-Man Universe",
"founded by",
"Sony"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Sony's Spider-Man Universe<\e1> and <e2>Sony<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,552 |
[
"Gurzuf",
"founded by",
"Justinian I"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Gurzuf<\e1> and <e2>Justinian I<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,554 |
[
"ROOT",
"founded by",
"CERN"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>ROOT<\e1> and <e2>CERN<\e2>.
ROOT is an object-oriented computer program and library developed by CERN. It was originally designed for particle physics data analysis and contains several features specific to the field, but it is also used in other applications such as astronomy and data mining. The latest minor release is 6.28, as of 2023-02-03.
|
founded by
| 33,795 | 101,560 |
[
"Deutsche Jungenschaft vom 1.11.1929",
"founded by",
"Eberhard Koebel"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Deutsche Jungenschaft vom 1.11.1929<\e1> and <e2>Eberhard Koebel<\e2>.
History
The group was founded within the Scouting movement by Eberhard Köbel on 1 November 1929. It demerged from the Deutsche Freischar after disagreements of the organisation's course.
|
founded by
| 33,796 | 101,563 |
[
"Chicago Hittite Dictionary",
"founded by",
"Hans Gustav Güterbock"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Chicago Hittite Dictionary<\e1> and <e2>Hans Gustav Güterbock<\e2>.
The Chicago Hittite Dictionary (CHD) (The Hittite Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago) is a project at the University of Chicago Oriental Institute to create a comprehensive dictionary of the Hittite language. The project was founded by Hans Gustav Güterbock and Harry Hoffner in 1975 and funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities. It is currently co-edited by Theo van den Hout and Petra Goedegebuure. Hoffner originally hoped that the project could be completed by 2000, though as of 2005 it was expected to last until 2045. It is one of several dictionary projects at the Institute, including the Chicago Assyrian Dictionary and the Chicago Demotic Dictionary.
|
founded by
| 33,797 | 101,565 |
[
"Chicago Hittite Dictionary",
"founded by",
"Harry A. Hoffner"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Chicago Hittite Dictionary<\e1> and <e2>Harry A. Hoffner<\e2>.
The Chicago Hittite Dictionary (CHD) (The Hittite Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago) is a project at the University of Chicago Oriental Institute to create a comprehensive dictionary of the Hittite language. The project was founded by Hans Gustav Güterbock and Harry Hoffner in 1975 and funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities. It is currently co-edited by Theo van den Hout and Petra Goedegebuure. Hoffner originally hoped that the project could be completed by 2000, though as of 2005 it was expected to last until 2045. It is one of several dictionary projects at the Institute, including the Chicago Assyrian Dictionary and the Chicago Demotic Dictionary.
|
founded by
| 33,797 | 101,566 |
[
"Akkadisches Handwörterbuch",
"founded by",
"Bruno Meissner"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Akkadisches Handwörterbuch<\e1> and <e2>Bruno Meissner<\e2>.
The Akkadisches Handwörterbuch (full title Akkadisches Handwörterbuch: unter Benutzung des lexikalischen Nachlasses von Bruno Meissner (1868-1947)) is a German lexicon of Akkadian language by Wolfram von Soden, often abbreviated as "AHw." This book is a standard work for study of the Ancient Near East. It complements the Reallexikon der Assyriologie, or RLA (which is an encyclopedia rather than a lexicon, with entries on Assyriological topics rather than on Akkadian words), founded by Bruno Meissner and reformed in 1966 by editor Ruth Opificius and publisher Wolfram von Soden. AHw was partially based on the lexicographical work (the lexical "Nachlass") of Bruno Meissner, including a manuscript covering about the first half of the letters, and was published in installments from 1959 to 1981. The lexicon was originally intended to be published in only two volumes, but the amount of material ended up necessitating a third. The final product, published by Harrassowitz Verlag, comprises the volumes A-L (1965, 2nd ed. 1985), M-S (1972), and Ṣ-Z (with addenda) (1981).
The original fascicles (Lieferungen) are as follow:
|
founded by
| 33,798 | 101,567 |
[
"Absolute film",
"founded by",
"Oskar Fischinger"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Absolute film<\e1> and <e2>Oskar Fischinger<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,569 |
[
"Absolute film",
"founded by",
"Walter Ruttmann"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Absolute film<\e1> and <e2>Walter Ruttmann<\e2>.
1920s: The absolute film movement
Some of the earliest abstract motion pictures known to survive are those produced by a group of artists working in Germany in the early 1920s: Walter Ruttmann, Hans Richter, Viking Eggeling and Oskar Fischinger.
Absolute film pioneers sought to create short length and breathtaking films with different approaches to abstraction-in-motion: as an analogue to music, or as the creation of an absolute language of form, a desire common to early abstract art. Ruttmann wrote of his film work as "painting in time". Absolute filmmakers used rudimentary handicraft, techniques, and language in their short motion pictures that refuted the reproduction of the natural world, instead, focusing on light and form in the dimension of time, impossible to represent in static visual arts.
|
founded by
| 33,799 | 101,570 |
[
"Absolute film",
"founded by",
"Viking Eggeling"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Absolute film<\e1> and <e2>Viking Eggeling<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,571 |
[
"Absolute film",
"founded by",
"Hans Richter"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Absolute film<\e1> and <e2>Hans Richter<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,572 |
[
"Rossitten Bird Observatory",
"founded by",
"Johannes Thienemann"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Rossitten Bird Observatory<\e1> and <e2>Johannes Thienemann<\e2>.
The Rossitten Bird Observatory (Vogelwarte Rossitten in German) was the world's first ornithological observatory. It was sited at Rossitten, East Prussia (now Rybachy, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia), on the Curonian Spit on the south-eastern coast of the Baltic Sea. It was established by German ornithologist Johannes Thienemann and operated until 1944. In 1945 East Prussia was divided between Poland, Russia and Lithuania, and most ethnic Germans expelled.
|
founded by
| 33,801 | 101,574 |
[
"XIII SS Army Corps",
"founded by",
"Hermann Prieß"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>XIII SS Army Corps<\e1> and <e2>Hermann Prieß<\e2>.
Commanders
SS-Gruppenführer Hermann Priess
SS-Gruppenführer Max Simon
|
founded by
| 33,802 | 101,575 |
[
"Grand Council of Fascism",
"founded by",
"Benito Mussolini"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Grand Council of Fascism<\e1> and <e2>Benito Mussolini<\e2>.
The Grand Council of Fascism (Italian: Gran Consiglio del Fascismo, also translated "Fascist Grand Council") was the main body of Mussolini's Fascist regime in Italy, that held and applied great power to control the institutions of government. It was created as a body of the National Fascist Party in 1922, and became a state body on 9 December 1928. The council usually met at the Palazzo Venezia, Rome, which was also the seat of the head of the Italian government. The Council became extinct following a series of events in 1943, in which Benito Mussolini was voted out as the Prime Minister of Italy.
|
founded by
| 33,803 | 101,576 |
[
"White Sands Test Facility",
"founded by",
"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>White Sands Test Facility<\e1> and <e2>National Aeronautics and Space Administration<\e2>.
White Sands Test Facility (WSTF) is a U.S. government rocket engine test facility and a resource for testing and evaluating potentially hazardous materials, space flight components, and rocket propulsion systems. NASA established WSTF on the White Sands Missile Range in 1963. WSTF services are available to NASA, the United States Department of Defense, other federal agencies, universities and commercial industry. WSTF is managed by the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. WSTF is located in the western foothills of the Organ Mountains, eleven miles east of Las Cruces, New Mexico.
|
founded by
| 33,804 | 101,577 |
[
"United States Department of Education",
"founded by",
"Jimmy Carter"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>United States Department of Education<\e1> and <e2>Jimmy Carter<\e2>.
The United States Department of Education is a Cabinet-level department of the United States government. It began operating on May 4, 1980, having been created after the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare was split into the Department of Education and the Department of Health and Human Services by the Department of Education Organization Act, which President Jimmy Carter signed into law on October 17, 1979.The Department of Education is administered by the United States Secretary of Education. It has 4,400 employees - the smallest staff of the Cabinet agencies - and an annual budget of $68 billion. The President's 2023 Budget request is for 88.3 billion, which includes funding for children with disabilities (IDEA), pandemic recovery, early childhood education, Pell Grants, Title I, work assistance, among other programs. Its official abbreviation is ED ("DOE" refers to the United States Department of Energy) but is also abbreviated informally as "DoEd".
|
founded by
| 33,805 | 101,579 |
[
"Royal African Company",
"founded by",
"City of London"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Royal African Company<\e1> and <e2>City of London<\e2>.
The Royal African Company (RAC) was an English trading company established up in 1660 by the House of Stuart and City of London merchants to trade along the West African coast. It was overseen by the Duke of York, the brother of Charles II of England; the RAC was founded after Charles II ascended to the English throne in the 1660 Stuart Restoration, and he granted it a monopoly on all English trade with Africa. While the company's original purpose was to trade for gold in the Gambia River, as Prince Rupert of the Rhine had identified gold deposits in the region during the Interregnum, the RAC quickly began trading in slaves, which became its largest commodity.
Historians have estimated that the RAC shipped more African slaves to the Americas during the Atlantic slave trade than any other company. The RAC also dealt in other commodities such as ivory, which were primarily sourced from the Gold Coast region. After William III of England rescinded the company's monopoly in 1697 under pressure from the Parliament of England, the RAC became insolvent by 1708, though it survived in a state of much reduced activity until 1752, when its assets were transferred to the newly founded African Company of Merchants, which lasted until 1821.
|
founded by
| 33,806 | 101,582 |
[
"Royal African Company",
"founded by",
"House of Stuart"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Royal African Company<\e1> and <e2>House of Stuart<\e2>.
The Royal African Company (RAC) was an English trading company established up in 1660 by the House of Stuart and City of London merchants to trade along the West African coast. It was overseen by the Duke of York, the brother of Charles II of England; the RAC was founded after Charles II ascended to the English throne in the 1660 Stuart Restoration, and he granted it a monopoly on all English trade with Africa. While the company's original purpose was to trade for gold in the Gambia River, as Prince Rupert of the Rhine had identified gold deposits in the region during the Interregnum, the RAC quickly began trading in slaves, which became its largest commodity.
Historians have estimated that the RAC shipped more African slaves to the Americas during the Atlantic slave trade than any other company. The RAC also dealt in other commodities such as ivory, which were primarily sourced from the Gold Coast region. After William III of England rescinded the company's monopoly in 1697 under pressure from the Parliament of England, the RAC became insolvent by 1708, though it survived in a state of much reduced activity until 1752, when its assets were transferred to the newly founded African Company of Merchants, which lasted until 1821.
|
founded by
| 33,806 | 101,583 |
[
"Salpêtrière School of Hypnosis",
"founded by",
"Jean-Martin Charcot"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Salpêtrière School of Hypnosis<\e1> and <e2>Jean-Martin Charcot<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,587 |
[
"National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States",
"founded by",
"Donald Trump"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States<\e1> and <e2>Donald Trump<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,588 |
[
"Town and Country Planning Association",
"founded by",
"Ebenezer Howard"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Town and Country Planning Association<\e1> and <e2>Ebenezer Howard<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,589 |
[
"Aristarche",
"founded by",
"Marseille"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Aristarche<\e1> and <e2>Marseille<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,590 |
[
"1977 Nestlé boycott",
"founded by",
"Henri Nestlé"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>1977 Nestlé boycott<\e1> and <e2>Henri Nestlé<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,591 |
[
"Ak Orda Presidential Palace",
"founded by",
"Nursultan Nazarbayev"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Ak Orda Presidential Palace<\e1> and <e2>Nursultan Nazarbayev<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,592 |
[
"4th Panzer Army",
"founded by",
"Erich Hoepner"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>4th Panzer Army<\e1> and <e2>Erich Hoepner<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,594 |
[
"3rd Panzer Army",
"founded by",
"Hermann Hoth"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>3rd Panzer Army<\e1> and <e2>Hermann Hoth<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,596 |
[
"6th Panzer Army",
"founded by",
"Sepp Dietrich"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>6th Panzer Army<\e1> and <e2>Sepp Dietrich<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,599 |
[
"Pulkovo Observatory",
"founded by",
"Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Pulkovo Observatory<\e1> and <e2>Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve<\e2>.
The Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory (Russian: Пулковская астрономическая обсерватория, romanized: Pulkovskaya astronomicheskaya observatoriya), officially named the Central Astronomical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences at Pulkovo, is the principal astronomical observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It is located 19 km south of Saint Petersburg on Pulkovo Heights 75 metres (246 ft) above sea level. It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments. It was formerly known as the Imperial Observatory at Pulkowo.Early years
The observatory was opened in 1839.
Originally, it was a brainchild of the German/Russian astronomer Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve, who would become its first director (in 1861, his son Otto Wilhelm von Struve succeeded him). The architect was Alexander Bryullov. The observatory was equipped with state-of-the-art devices, one of them being the a 15-inch (380 mm) aperture refractor, one of the largest refractors in the world at that time (see Great Refractor). In 1885, the observatory was equipped with 30-inch (760 mm) refractor, which was the biggest usable refractor in the world, until the 36-inch (910 mm) telescope at the Lick Observatory in California a few years later. Both were built by Alvan Clark & Sons in Massachusetts.
The principal line of work of the observatory consisted of determination of coordinates of stars and astronomical constants, such as precession, nutation, aberration and refraction, and also discovering and measuring double stars. The observatory's activities have also been connected to the geographical study of the territory of Russia and development of navigation. The star catalogues, containing the most precise positions of 374, and then 558 stars, were made for the years 1845, 1865, 1885, 1905 and 1930.
|
founded by
| 33,807 | 101,601 |
[
"I SS Panzer Corps",
"founded by",
"Sepp Dietrich"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>I SS Panzer Corps<\e1> and <e2>Sepp Dietrich<\e2>.
Formation and training
The corps was raised on 26 July 1943 in Berlin-Lichterfeld, with initial mustering taking place on the Truppenübungsplatz at Beverloo, in occupied Belgium. SS-Obergruppenführer Sepp Dietrich, previously the commander of the SS Division Leibstandarte (LSSAH), became the corps' first commander.In August 1943, the corps was transferred to Meran in Italy, where it took part in operations to disarm Italian troops. After this, the corps continued its training, being sporadically engaged in anti-partisan operations in northern Italy. By December 1943, the corps was fully formed and deemed ready for action, with its HQ being set up in Brussels in early 1944.
|
founded by
| 33,808 | 101,602 |
[
"II SS Panzer Corps",
"founded by",
"Paul Hausser"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>II SS Panzer Corps<\e1> and <e2>Paul Hausser<\e2>.
World War II
1942–1943
The II SS Panzer Corps was formed to take command of SS Division Leibstandarte, SS Division Das Reich, and SS Division Totenkopf in July 1942 as the SS Panzer Corps. In August, it was sent to northern France before taking part in Case Anton, the occupation of Vichy France in November, during which it captured Toulon. In early February 1943, the corps, under the command of SS-Gruppenführer Paul Hausser, was attached to Army Group South in Ukraine and participated in the Third Battle of Kharkov.The corps was renamed II SS Panzer Corps in June 1943, after the I SS Panzer Corps was created during that same month. In July 1943, the corps took part in the failed Operation Citadel, spearheading the 4th Panzer Army's attack in the southern sector. The corps' three SS divisions were involved in the Battle of Prokhorovka at the edge of the German penetration into the salient. After the operation was canceled in light of its failure, the corps was ordered to the Italian front in August. Only one division, the Leibstandarte ended up being transferred, along with the corps personnel. The remaining combat divisions remained on the Eastern Front to deal with the developing threats from the Soviet Belgorod-Kharkov Offensive Operation. Leibstandarte took part in operations to disarm Italian troops.
Between 20 September and 20 of November 1943 the corps conducted operations against Yugoslav Partisans in order to establish a connection with Army Group F in the Balkans and to secure communications east and northwards from Trieste and Rijeka. In these operations, according to the Corps Headquarters' Medical Department, the corps suffered total losses of 936 men. According to Croat authors, in the first phase against partisans on Istrian peninsula (Unternehmen Istrien), some 2000 partisans and 2000 civilians were killed by German forces, and additional 1200 were arrested, with some 400 transported to concentration camps. In November, 1943, Leibstandarte returned to the Soviet Union, with the corps remaining in Slovenia, Istria, and Northern Italy.
|
founded by
| 33,809 | 101,603 |
[
"Internet Assigned Numbers Authority",
"founded by",
"Jon Postel"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Internet Assigned Numbers Authority<\e1> and <e2>Jon Postel<\e2>.
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is a standards organization that oversees global IP address allocation, autonomous system number allocation, root zone management in the Domain Name System (DNS), media types, and other Internet Protocol–related symbols and Internet numbers.Currently it is a function of ICANN, a nonprofit private American corporation established in 1998 primarily for this purpose under a United States Department of Commerce contract. ICANN managed IANA directly from 1998 through 2016, when it was transferred to Public Technical Identifiers (PTI), an affiliate of ICANN that operates IANA today. Before it, IANA was administered principally by Jon Postel at the Information Sciences Institute (ISI) of the University of Southern California (USC) situated at Marina Del Rey (Los Angeles), under a contract USC/ISI had with the United States Department of Defense.
In addition, five regional Internet registries delegate number resources to their customers, local Internet registries, Internet service providers, and end-user organizations. A local Internet registry is an organization that assigns parts of its allocation from a regional Internet registry to other customers. Most local Internet registries are also Internet service providers.
|
founded by
| 33,810 | 101,604 |
[
"C-Store",
"founded by",
"Michael Stonebraker"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>C-Store<\e1> and <e2>Michael Stonebraker<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,608 |
[
"SpiderMonkey",
"founded by",
"Brendan Eich"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>SpiderMonkey<\e1> and <e2>Brendan Eich<\e2>.
SpiderMonkey is open-source JavaScript and WebAssembly engine by the Mozilla Foundation.It is the first JavaScript engine, written by Brendan Eich at Netscape Communications, and later released as open source and currently maintained by the Mozilla Foundation. It is used in the Firefox web browser.History
Eich "wrote JavaScript in ten days" in 1995,
having been "recruited to Netscape with the promise of 'doing Scheme' in the browser".
(The idea of using Scheme was abandoned when "engineering management [decided] that the language must 'look like Java'".) In late 1996, Eich, needing to "pay off [the] substantial technical debt" left from the first year, "stayed home for two weeks to rewrite Mocha as the codebase that became known as SpiderMonkey". (Mocha was the original working name for the language.)
In 2011, Eich transferred management of the SpiderMonkey code to Dave Mandelin.
|
founded by
| 33,812 | 101,609 |
[
"Skype",
"owned by",
"Microsoft"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Skype<\e1> and <e2>Microsoft<\e2>.
Skype () is a proprietary telecommunications application operated by Skype Technologies, a division of Microsoft, best known for VoIP-based videotelephony, videoconferencing and voice calls. It also has instant messaging, file transfer, debit-based calls to landline and mobile telephones (over traditional telephone networks), and other features. Skype is available on various desktop, mobile, and video game console platforms.
Skype was created by Niklas Zennström, Janus Friis, and four Estonian developers and first released in August 2003. In September 2005, eBay acquired Skype for $2.6 billion. In September 2009, Silver Lake, Andreessen Horowitz, and the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board bought 65% of Skype for $1.9 billion from eBay, valuing the business at $2.92 billion. In May 2011, Microsoft bought Skype for $8.5 billion and used it to replace their Windows Live Messenger. As of 2011, most of the development team and 44% of all the division's employees were in Tallinn and Tartu, Estonia.Skype originally featured a hybrid peer-to-peer and client–server system. It became entirely powered by Microsoft-operated supernodes in May 2012; in 2017, it changed from a peer-to-peer service to a centralized Azure-based service.
As of March 2020, Skype was used by 100 million people at least once a month and by 40 million people each day. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Skype lost a large part of its market share to Zoom.As of February 2023, Skype was used by 36 million people each day.Microsoft acquisition
On 10 May 2011, Microsoft Corporation acquired Skype Communications, S.à r.l for US$8.5 billion. The company was incorporated as a division of Microsoft, which acquired all its technologies with the purchase. The acquisition was completed on 13 October 2011. Shortly after the acquisition, Microsoft began integrating the Skype service with its own products. Along with taking over the development of existing Skype desktop and mobile apps, the company developed a dedicated client app for its then-newly released, touch-focused Windows 8 and Windows RT operating systems. They were made available from Windows Store when the then-new OS launched on 26 October 2012. The following year, it became the default messaging app for Windows 8.1, replacing the Windows 8 Messaging app at the time, and became pre-installed software on every device that came with or upgraded to 8.1.In a month-long transition from 8 to 30 April 2013, Microsoft discontinued two of its own products in favor of Skype, including its Windows Live Messenger instant messaging service, although Messenger continued to be available in mainland China until October 2014.On 11 November 2014, Microsoft announced that in 2015, its Lync product would be replaced by Skype for Business. This combined features of Lync and the consumer Skype software. There are two user interfaces, organizations could switch their users between the default Skype for Business interface to the Lync interface.
|
owned by
| 33,813 | 101,610 |
[
"Skype",
"founded by",
"Niklas Zennström"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Skype<\e1> and <e2>Niklas Zennström<\e2>.
Skype () is a proprietary telecommunications application operated by Skype Technologies, a division of Microsoft, best known for VoIP-based videotelephony, videoconferencing and voice calls. It also has instant messaging, file transfer, debit-based calls to landline and mobile telephones (over traditional telephone networks), and other features. Skype is available on various desktop, mobile, and video game console platforms.
Skype was created by Niklas Zennström, Janus Friis, and four Estonian developers and first released in August 2003. In September 2005, eBay acquired Skype for $2.6 billion. In September 2009, Silver Lake, Andreessen Horowitz, and the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board bought 65% of Skype for $1.9 billion from eBay, valuing the business at $2.92 billion. In May 2011, Microsoft bought Skype for $8.5 billion and used it to replace their Windows Live Messenger. As of 2011, most of the development team and 44% of all the division's employees were in Tallinn and Tartu, Estonia.Skype originally featured a hybrid peer-to-peer and client–server system. It became entirely powered by Microsoft-operated supernodes in May 2012; in 2017, it changed from a peer-to-peer service to a centralized Azure-based service.
As of March 2020, Skype was used by 100 million people at least once a month and by 40 million people each day. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Skype lost a large part of its market share to Zoom.As of February 2023, Skype was used by 36 million people each day.History
Skype was founded in 2003 by Niklas Zennström, from Sweden, and Janus Friis, from Denmark. The Skype software was created by Estonians Ahti Heinla, Priit Kasesalu, Jaan Tallinn, and Toivo Annus. Friis and Annus are credited with the idea of reducing the cost of voice calls by using a P2P protocol like that of Kazaa. An early alpha version was created and tested in spring 2003, and the first public beta version was released on 29 August 2003.In June 2005, Skype entered an agreement with the Polish web portal Onet.pl for an integrated offering on the Polish market. On 12 September 2005, eBay Inc. agreed to acquire Luxembourg-based Skype Technologies SA for approximately US$2.5 billion in up-front cash and eBay stock, plus potential performance-based consideration. On 1 September 2009, eBay announced it was selling 65% of Skype to Silver Lake, Andreessen Horowitz, and the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board for US$1.9 billion, valuing Skype at US$2.75 billion. On 14 July 2011, Skype partnered with Comcast to bring its video chat service to Comcast subscribers via HDTV sets.On 17 June 2013, Skype released a free video messaging service, which can be operated on Windows, Mac OS, iOS, iPadOS, Android, and BlackBerry.Between 2017 and 2020, Skype collaborated with PayPal to provide a money-send feature. It allowed users to transfer funds via the Skype mobile app in the middle of a conversation.In 2019, Skype was announced to be the sixth most downloaded mobile app of the decade, from 2010 to 2019.
|
founded by
| 33,816 | 101,613 |
[
"Skype",
"founded by",
"Janus Friis"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Skype<\e1> and <e2>Janus Friis<\e2>.
Skype () is a proprietary telecommunications application operated by Skype Technologies, a division of Microsoft, best known for VoIP-based videotelephony, videoconferencing and voice calls. It also has instant messaging, file transfer, debit-based calls to landline and mobile telephones (over traditional telephone networks), and other features. Skype is available on various desktop, mobile, and video game console platforms.
Skype was created by Niklas Zennström, Janus Friis, and four Estonian developers and first released in August 2003. In September 2005, eBay acquired Skype for $2.6 billion. In September 2009, Silver Lake, Andreessen Horowitz, and the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board bought 65% of Skype for $1.9 billion from eBay, valuing the business at $2.92 billion. In May 2011, Microsoft bought Skype for $8.5 billion and used it to replace their Windows Live Messenger. As of 2011, most of the development team and 44% of all the division's employees were in Tallinn and Tartu, Estonia.Skype originally featured a hybrid peer-to-peer and client–server system. It became entirely powered by Microsoft-operated supernodes in May 2012; in 2017, it changed from a peer-to-peer service to a centralized Azure-based service.
As of March 2020, Skype was used by 100 million people at least once a month and by 40 million people each day. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Skype lost a large part of its market share to Zoom.As of February 2023, Skype was used by 36 million people each day.History
Skype was founded in 2003 by Niklas Zennström, from Sweden, and Janus Friis, from Denmark. The Skype software was created by Estonians Ahti Heinla, Priit Kasesalu, Jaan Tallinn, and Toivo Annus. Friis and Annus are credited with the idea of reducing the cost of voice calls by using a P2P protocol like that of Kazaa. An early alpha version was created and tested in spring 2003, and the first public beta version was released on 29 August 2003.In June 2005, Skype entered an agreement with the Polish web portal Onet.pl for an integrated offering on the Polish market. On 12 September 2005, eBay Inc. agreed to acquire Luxembourg-based Skype Technologies SA for approximately US$2.5 billion in up-front cash and eBay stock, plus potential performance-based consideration. On 1 September 2009, eBay announced it was selling 65% of Skype to Silver Lake, Andreessen Horowitz, and the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board for US$1.9 billion, valuing Skype at US$2.75 billion. On 14 July 2011, Skype partnered with Comcast to bring its video chat service to Comcast subscribers via HDTV sets.On 17 June 2013, Skype released a free video messaging service, which can be operated on Windows, Mac OS, iOS, iPadOS, Android, and BlackBerry.Between 2017 and 2020, Skype collaborated with PayPal to provide a money-send feature. It allowed users to transfer funds via the Skype mobile app in the middle of a conversation.In 2019, Skype was announced to be the sixth most downloaded mobile app of the decade, from 2010 to 2019.
|
founded by
| 33,816 | 101,614 |
[
"Archy (software)",
"founded by",
"Jef Raskin"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Archy (software)<\e1> and <e2>Jef Raskin<\e2>.
Archy is a software system whose user interface introduced a different approach for interacting with computers with respect to traditional graphical user interfaces. Designed by human-computer interface expert Jef Raskin, it embodies his ideas and established results about human-centered design described in his book The Humane Interface. These ideas include content persistence, modelessness, a nucleus with commands instead of applications, navigation using incremental text search, and a zooming user interface (ZUI). The system was being implemented at the Raskin Center for Humane Interfaces under Raskin's leadership. Since his death in February 2005 the project was continued by his team, which later shifted focus to the Ubiquity extension for the Firefox browser.
Archy in large part builds on Raskin's earlier work with the Apple Macintosh, Canon Cat, SwyftWare, and Ken Perlin's Pad ZUI system. It can be described as a combination of Canon Cat's text processing functions with a modern ZUI. Archy is more radically different from established systems than are Sun Microsystems' Project Looking Glass and Microsoft Research's "Task Gallery" prototype. While these systems build upon the WIMP desktop paradigm, Archy has been compared as similar to the Emacs text editor, although its design begins from a clean slate.
Archy used to be called The Humane Environment ("THE"). On January 1, 2005, Raskin announced the new name, and that Archy would be further developed by the non-profit Raskin Center for Humane Interfaces. The name "Archy" is a play on the Center's acronym, R-CHI. It is also an allusion to Don Marquis' archy and mehitabel poetry. Jef Raskin jokingly stated: "Yes, we named our software after a bug" (a cockroach), further playing with the meaning of bugs in software.
|
founded by
| 33,817 | 101,618 |
[
"EV13 The Iron Curtain Trail",
"founded by",
"Michael Cramer"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>EV13 The Iron Curtain Trail<\e1> and <e2>Michael Cramer<\e2>.
Development
20 countries are part of the Iron Curtain Trail project, among them are 14 members of the European Union.
The ICT was lobbied for by the efforts of German Green Party politician Michael Cramer MEP. Trails have been created and made better suited to cycling with help and finance from the European Union, with historical signposts and markers erected.
|
founded by
| 33,818 | 101,619 |
[
"Schloss Oldenburg",
"founded by",
"Anthony Günther, Count of Oldenburg"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Schloss Oldenburg<\e1> and <e2>Anthony Günther, Count of Oldenburg<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,620 |
[
"Telefunken",
"founded by",
"Georg von Arco"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Telefunken<\e1> and <e2>Georg von Arco<\e2>.
History
Around the start of the 20th century, two groups of German researchers worked on the development of techniques for wireless communication. The one group at AEG, led by Adolf Slaby and Georg Graf von Arco, developed systems for the Kaiserliche Marine; the other one, under Karl Ferdinand Braun, at Siemens, for the German Army. Their main competitor was the British Marconi Company.
When a dispute concerning patents arose between the two companies, Kaiser Wilhelm II urged both parties to join efforts, creating Gesellschaft für drahtlose Telegraphie System Telefunken ("The Company for Wireless Telegraphy Ltd.") joint venture on 27 May 1903, with the disputed patents and techniques invested in it. On 17 April 1923, it was renamed Telefunken, The Company for Wireless Telegraphy. Telefunken was the company's telegraphic address. The first technical director of Telefunken was Count Georg von Arco.
Telefunken rapidly became a major player in the radio and electronics fields, both civilian and military. Prior to World War I the company set up the first world wide network of communications and during the war they supplied radio sets and telegraphy equipment for the military, as well as building one of the first radio navigation systems for the Zeppelin force. The Telefunken Kompass Sender operated from 1908 to 1918, allowing the Zeppelins to navigate throughout the North Sea area in any weather.
Starting in 1923, Telefunken built broadcast transmitters and radio sets. In 1928, Telefunken made history by designing the V-41 amplifier for the German Radio Network. This was the very first two-stage, "Hi-Fi" amplifier. Over time, Telefunken perfected their designs and in 1950 the V-72 amplifier was developed. The TAB (a manufacturing subcontractor to Telefunken) V-72 soon became popular with other radio stations and recording facilities. The V-72S was the only type of amplifier found in the REDD.37 console used by the Beatles at Abbey Road Studios on many of their early recordings. In 1932, record players were added to the product line.
In 1941, Siemens transferred its Telefunken shares to AEG as part of the agreements known as the "Telefunken settlement", and AEG thus became the sole owner and continued to lead Telefunken as a subsidiary (starting in 1955 as "Telefunken GmbH" and from 1963 as "Telefunken AG").
During the Second World War, Telefunken was a supplier of vacuum tubes, transmitters and radio relay systems, and developed Funkmess facilities (later referred to as radar devices by the US Navy) and directional finders, as part of the German air defence against aerial bombing. During the war, manufacturing plants were shifted to and developed in west of Germany or relocated. Thus, Telefunken, under AEG, turned into the smaller subsidiary, with the three divisions realigning and data processing technology, elements as well as broadcast, television and phono. Telefunken was also the originator of the FM radio broadcast system. Telefunken, through the subsidiary company Teldec (a joint venture with Decca Records), was for many decades one of the largest German record companies, until Teldec was sold to WEA in 1988.
In 1959, Telefunken established a modern semiconductor works in Heilbronn, where in April 1960 production began. The works was expanded several times, and in 1970 a new 6-storey building was built at the northern edge of the area. At the beginning of the 1970s it housed approximately 2,500 employees.
In 1967, Telefunken was merged with AEG, which was then renamed to AEG-Telefunken. In the beginning of the 1960s, Walter Bruch developed the PAL-colour television system for the company, in use by most countries of the western Hemisphere (except United States, Canada, Mexico and the western part of South America). PAL is established i.e. in the United Kingdom (PAL-I) and, except France, many other European countries -–also in Brazil (PAL-M), Argentina (PAL-N), South Africa, India and Australia.
The mainframe computer TR 4 was developed at Telefunken in Backnang, and the TR 440 model was developed at Telefunken in Konstanz, including the first ball-based mouse named Rollkugel in 1968. The computers were in use at many German university computing centres from the 1970s to around 1985. The development and manufacture of large computers was separated in 1974 to the Konstanz Computer Company (CGK). The production of mini- and process computers was integrated into the automatic control engineering division of AEG. When AEG was bought by Daimler in 1985, "Telefunken" was dropped from the company name.
In 1995, Telefunken was sold to Tech Sym Corporation (owners of Continental Electronics Corporation of Dallas) for $9 million. However, Telefunken remained a German company.In the 1970s and early 1980s, Telefunken was also instrumental in the development of high quality audio noise reduction systems, including telcom c4 (marketed since 1975), High Com (marketed since 1978), High Com II, High Com III, High Com FM, and CX (1982).
In 2005, Telefunken Sender Systeme Berlin changed its name to Transradio SenderSysteme Berlin AG. The name "Transradio" dates back to 1918, when Transradio was founded as a subsidiary of Telefunken. A year later, in 1919, Transradio made history by introducing duplex transmission. Transradio has specialized in research, development and design of modern AM, VHF/FM and DRM broadcasting systems.
In August 2006, it was acquired by the Turkish company Profilo Telra, one of the largest European manufacturers of TV-devices, with brand-owner Telefunken Licenses GmbH granting a license for the Telefunken trademark rights and producing televisions under that name.
In 2000, Toni Roger Fishman acquired the diamond-shaped logo and the Telefunken brand name from Telefunken Licenses for use in North America. The company "Telefunken USA" [1] was incorporated in early 2001 to provide restoration services and build exact reproductions of vintage Telefunken microphones. In 2003, Telefunken USA won a TEC Award for Studio Microphone Technology for their exact reproduction of the original Ela M 250 / 251 Microphone system. Telefunken USA has since received several TEC Awards nominations for the following microphone systems: the Telefunken USA M12 or C12 (originally developed by AKG), the R-F-T M16 MkII, and the AK47. The Historic Telefunken Ela M251 microphone system entered the MIX foundation's Hall of fame in 2006. In 2008, Telefunken USA won a second TEC Award for its new Ela M 260 microphone.
As a result of a conference held in Frankfurt in May 2009, Telefunken USA has been renamed Telefunken Elektroakustik ("Electrical Acoustics") Division of Telefunken and awarded the exclusive rights to manufacture a wide variety of professional audio products and vacuum tubes bearing the Telefunken trademark in over 27 countries. Telefunken Elektroakustik now uses the Telefunken trademark for professional audio equipment and component-based electronics, such as capacitors, transformers, vacuum tubes in Asia, Europe, North America, Oceania and South America.
|
founded by
| 33,819 | 101,622 |
[
"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat",
"founded by",
"Hassan II"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat<\e1> and <e2>Hassan II<\e2>.
History
The FMP-Rabat was established by Moroccan Dahir 1.58.390. The faculty was officially opened by Hassan II of Morocco on 16 October 1962 and opened in November of the academic year 1962–1963. On 16 October 1986, the "Pharmacy" section was born. The residency was established in March 1996.
In 2013 the faculty has celebrated its 50th anniversary, it has formed more than 13,000 doctors and nearly 2,000 pharmacists.
|
founded by
| 33,820 | 101,623 |
[
"Wahhabism",
"founded by",
"Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Wahhabism<\e1> and <e2>Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab<\e2>.
Naming controversy and confusion
Wahhabis do not like – or at least did not like – the term. Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab was averse to the elevation of scholars and other individuals, including using a person's name to label an Islamic school (madhhab). Due to its perceived negative overtones, the members of the movement historically identified themselves as "Muwahhidun", Muslims, etc. and more recently as "Salafis". According to Robert Lacey "the Wahhabis have always disliked the name customarily given to them" and preferred to be called Muwahhidun (Unitarians). Another preferred term was simply "Muslims", since they considered their creed to be the "pure Islam". However, critics complain these terms imply that non-Wahhabi Muslims are either not monotheists or not Muslims. Additionally, the terms Muwahhidun and Unitarians are associated with other sects, both extant and extinct.Other terms Wahhabis have been said to use and/or prefer include Ahl al-Hadith ("People of the Hadith"), Salafi dawah ("Salafi preaching"), or al-da'wa ila al-tawhid ("preaching of monotheism" for the school rather than the adherents), al-Tariqa al-Muhammadiyya ("the path of the Prophet Muhammad"), al-Tariqa al-Salafiyya ("the way of the pious ancestors"), "the reform or Salafi movement of the Sheikh" (the sheikh being Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab), etc. The self-designation as "People of the Sunnah" was important for Wahhabism's authenticity, because during the Ottoman period only Sunnism was the legitimate doctrine.Other writers such as Quinton Wiktorowicz, urge use of the term "Salafi", maintaining that "one would be hard pressed to find individuals who refer to themselves as Wahhabis or organizations that use 'Wahhabi' in their title, or refer to their ideology in this manner (unless they are speaking to a Western audience that is unfamiliar with Islamic terminology, and even then usage is limited and often appears as 'Salafi/Wahhabi')". A New York Times journalist writes that Saudis "abhor" the term Wahhabism, "feeling it sets them apart and contradicts the notion that Islam is a monolithic faith". Saudi King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud for example has attacked the term as "a doctrine that doesn't exist here (Saudi Arabia)" and challenged users of the term to locate any "deviance of the form of Islam practiced in Saudi Arabia from the teachings of the Quran and Prophetic Hadiths". Ingrid Mattson argues that "'Wahhbism' is not a sect. It is a social movement that began 200 years ago to rid Islam of rigid cultural practices that had (been) acquired over the centuries."On the other hand, according to authors at Global Security and Library of Congress the term is now commonplace and used even by Wahhabi scholars in the Najd, a region often called the "heartland" of Wahhabism. Journalist Karen House calls 'Salafi' "a more politically correct term" for 'Wahhabi'. In any case, according to Lacey, none of the other terms have caught on, and so like the Christian Quakers, Wahhabis have "remained known by the name first assigned to them by their detractors". However, the confusion is further aggravated due to the common practice of various authoritarian governments broadly using the label "Wahhabi extremists" for all opposition, legitimate and illegitimate, to justify massive repressions on any dissident.(Another movement, whose adherents are also called "Wahhabi" but whom were Ibaadi Kharijites, has caused some confusion in North and sub-Saharan Africa, where the movement's leader – Abd al-Wahhab ibn Abd al-Rahman – lived and preached in the Eighth Century C.E. This movement is often mistakenly conflated with the Muwahhidun movement of Muhammad Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab.)Notable leaders
There has traditionally been a recognized head of the Wahhabi "religious estate", often a member of Al ash-Sheikh (a descendant of Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab) or related to another religious head. For example, Abd al-Latif was the son of Abd al-Rahman ibn Hasan.Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab (1703–1792) was the founder of the Wahhabi movement.
'Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab (1752–1826) was the head of Wahhabism after his father retired from public life in 1773. After the fall of the first Saudi emirate, Abd Allah went into exile in Cairo where he died.
Sulayman ibn 'Abd Allah (1780–1818) was a grandson of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab and author of an influential treatise that restricted travel to and residing in land of idolaters.
'Abd al-Rahman ibn Hasan (1780–1869) was head of the religious estate in the second Saudi emirate.
'Abd al-Latif ibn 'Abd al-Rahman (1810–1876) Head of religious estate in 1860 and early 1870s.
Abd Allah ibn Abd al-Latif Al ash-Sheikh (1848–1921) was the head of religious estate during period of Rashidi rule and the early years of King Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud.
Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Al ash-Sheikh (1893–1969) was the head of Wahhabism in mid twentieth century. He has been said to have "dominated the Wahhabi religious estate and enjoyed unrivaled religious authority".
Ghaliyya al-Wahhabiyya was a Bedouin woman from the town of Turubah who rose to the rank of "Amira al-Umara" (generalissimo) and led Wahhabi forces in defending Mecca during the Ottoman-Saudi Wars.
'Abd al-Azeez ibn Baz (1910–1999) has been called "the most prominent proponent" of Wahhabism during his time.
Muhammad ibn al-Uthaymeen (1925–2001) is another "giant". According to David Dean Commins, no one "has emerged" with the same "degree of authority in the Saudi religious establishment" since their deaths.
|
founded by
| 33,821 | 101,626 |
[
"Société des Auteurs et Compositeurs Dramatiques",
"founded by",
"Pierre Beaumarchais"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Société des Auteurs et Compositeurs Dramatiques<\e1> and <e2>Pierre Beaumarchais<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,628 |
[
"Al-Quds Open University",
"founded by",
"Palestine Liberation Organization"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Al-Quds Open University<\e1> and <e2>Palestine Liberation Organization<\e2>.
Al-Quds Open University (Arabic: جامعة القدس المفتوحة) is an independent, distance education public university in Palestine. It was created by a decree issued by the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) in 1991.QOU is the first Open Learning institute in the Palestinian territories. It has 60,000 students studying in 19 branches and centers distributed all over the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.
|
founded by
| 33,822 | 101,629 |
[
"Ganden Sumtseling Monastery",
"founded by",
"Ngawang Lobzang Gyatso"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Ganden Sumtseling Monastery<\e1> and <e2>Ngawang Lobzang Gyatso<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,631 |
[
"Ganden Sumtseling Monastery",
"founded by",
"Chonggyepa Ngawang Namgyel"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Ganden Sumtseling Monastery<\e1> and <e2>Chonggyepa Ngawang Namgyel<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,632 |
[
"Province of Apulia and Calabria",
"founded by",
"Diocletian"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Province of Apulia and Calabria<\e1> and <e2>Diocletian<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,634 |
[
"Schutzmannschaft",
"founded by",
"Heinrich Himmler"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Schutzmannschaft<\e1> and <e2>Heinrich Himmler<\e2>.
The Schutzmannschaft, or Auxiliary Police (lit. "protective teams, or guard units"; plural: Schutzmannschaften, abbreviated as Schuma) was the collaborationist auxiliary police of native policemen serving in those areas of the Soviet Union and the Baltic states occupied by Nazi Germany during World War II. Heinrich Himmler, head of the SS, established the Schutzmannschaft on 25 July 1941, and subordinated it to the Order Police (Ordnungspolizei; Orpo). By the end of 1941, some 45,000 men served in Schutzmannschaft units, about half of them in the battalions. During 1942, Schutzmannschaften expanded to an estimated 300,000 men, with battalions accounting for about a third, or less than one half of the local force. Everywhere, local police far outnumbered the equivalent German personnel several times; in most places, the ratio of Germans to natives was about 1-to-10.The auxiliary police battalions (Schutzmannschaft-Bataillonen) were created to provide security in the occupied territories, in particular by combating the anti-Nazi resistance. Many of these battalions participated in the Holocaust and caused thousands of Jewish deaths. Usually the battalions were voluntary units and were not directly involved in combat. In total, about 200 battalions were formed. There were approximately 21 ethnic Estonian, 47 Latvian, 26 Lithuanian, 11 Belarusian, 8 Tatar, and 71 Ukrainian Schuma battalions. Each battalion had an authorized strength of about 500, but the actual size varied greatly. They should not be confused with native German Order Police battalions (SS-Polizei-Bataillone) which the Order Police formed between 1939 and 1945 and which also participated in the Holocaust.The Order Police organized the Schutzmannschaften by nationality (see Belarusian Auxiliary Police, Estonian Auxiliary Police, Latvian Auxiliary Police, Lithuanian Auxiliary Police, and Ukrainian Auxiliary Police).
|
founded by
| 33,823 | 101,635 |
[
"Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice",
"founded by",
"Leo XIII"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice<\e1> and <e2>Leo XIII<\e2>.
History
The medal was established by Leo XIII on 17 July 1888 to commemorate his golden sacerdotal jubilee and was originally bestowed on those men and women who had aided and promoted the jubilee, and by other means assisted in making the jubilee and the Vatican Exposition successful.In 1898, it became a permanent papal distinction. Pius X reduced the classes to a single one in 1908.Until 1993, it was the highest honour that could be obtained by women.
|
founded by
| 33,824 | 101,637 |
[
"Order of Pope Pius IX",
"founded by",
"Pius IX"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Order of Pope Pius IX<\e1> and <e2>Pius IX<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,638 |
[
"Zahiriyya Library",
"founded by",
"Sultan"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Zahiriyya Library<\e1> and <e2>Sultan<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,640 |
[
"Poundbury",
"founded by",
"Charles III of the United Kingdom"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Poundbury<\e1> and <e2>Charles III of the United Kingdom<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,641 |
[
"Poundbury",
"owned by",
"Duchy of Cornwall"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Poundbury<\e1> and <e2>Duchy of Cornwall<\e2>.
|
owned by
| 32,091 | 101,642 |
[
"Pontifical Biblical Institute",
"founded by",
"Pius X"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Pontifical Biblical Institute<\e1> and <e2>Pius X<\e2>.
History
The Pontifical Biblical Institute was founded by Pope Pius X in the apostolic letter Vinea Electa in 1909 as a centre of advanced studies in Holy Scripture. At first, the institute prepared students for exams at the Pontifical Biblical Commission. In 1916, it was licensed by Pope Benedict XV to grant academic degrees in the name of the commission. In 1928, it was licensed by Pope Pius XI to grant doctorates in affiliation with the Pontifical Gregorian University, independently of the commission. In 1927, a branch was opened in Jerusalem by Alexis Mallon. In 1932, the Oriental Faculty was founded.
|
founded by
| 33,825 | 101,643 |
[
"Armed Forces Radio (Nigeria)",
"founded by",
"Goodluck Jonathan"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Armed Forces Radio (Nigeria)<\e1> and <e2>Goodluck Jonathan<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,645 |
[
"Armed Forces Radio (Nigeria)",
"owned by",
"Nigerian Armed Forces"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Armed Forces Radio (Nigeria)<\e1> and <e2>Nigerian Armed Forces<\e2>.
Armed Forces Radio is a Nigerian military radio station owned by the Nigerian Armed Forces. The station is located at Mogadishu Cantonment in Abuja and broadcasts on 107.7 FM.History
The station was officially inaugurated by President Goodluck Jonathan on 22 May 2015.
|
owned by
| 33,826 | 101,646 |
[
"Assembly of People of Kazakhstan",
"founded by",
"Nursultan Nazarbayev"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Assembly of People of Kazakhstan<\e1> and <e2>Nursultan Nazarbayev<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,647 |
[
"White Rose",
"founded by",
"Hans Scholl"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>White Rose<\e1> and <e2>Hans Scholl<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,649 |
[
"White Rose",
"founded by",
"Sophie Scholl"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>White Rose<\e1> and <e2>Sophie Scholl<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,650 |
[
"White Rose",
"founded by",
"Alexander Schmorell"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>White Rose<\e1> and <e2>Alexander Schmorell<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,651 |
[
"Sarah Berliner Research Fellowship",
"founded by",
"Emile Berliner"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Sarah Berliner Research Fellowship<\e1> and <e2>Emile Berliner<\e2>.
The Sarah Berliner Research Fellowship for Women was established in 1908 by Emile Berliner in honor of his mother, and first awarded in 1909. The fellowship was award biennially and provided $1200 to support a woman studying physics, chemistry, or biology in either America or Europe. The fellowship was open to women holding the degree of doctor of philosophy or otherwise capable of conducting higher research. The first chair of the awarding committee was Christine Ladd-Franklin, who was also instrumental in the establishment of the fellowship. In 1911, an increase in funding meant that the fellowship could be offered every year.
|
founded by
| 33,827 | 101,653 |
[
"St. Boniface's Abbey",
"founded by",
"Ludwig I of Bavaria"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>St. Boniface's Abbey<\e1> and <e2>Ludwig I of Bavaria<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,654 |
[
"NXT (WWE brand)",
"owned by",
"WWE"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>NXT (WWE brand)<\e1> and <e2>WWE<\e2>.
|
owned by
| 32,091 | 101,657 |
[
"NXT (WWE brand)",
"founded by",
"Triple H"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>NXT (WWE brand)<\e1> and <e2>Triple H<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,658 |
[
"Hutterites",
"founded by",
"Jakob Hutter"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Hutterites<\e1> and <e2>Jakob Hutter<\e2>.
|
founded by
| 32,091 | 101,663 |
[
"Ministry of War (Kingdom of Bavaria)",
"founded by",
"Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria"
] |
Find the relation between <e1>Ministry of War (Kingdom of Bavaria)<\e1> and <e2>Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria<\e2>.
The Ministry of War (German: Kriegsministerium) was a ministry for military affairs of the Kingdom of Bavaria, founded as Ministerium des Kriegswesens on October 1, 1808 by King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria. It was located on the Ludwigstraße in Munich. Today the building, which was built by Leo von Klenze between 1824 and 1830, houses the Bavarian public record office, Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv und Staatsarchiv München.History
The ministry was the successional institution of the royal Bavarian Hofkriegsrat (court war council, founded in 1620) and its follow-on institutions that were responsible for the military:
|
founded by
| 33,828 | 101,665 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.