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Social work program evaluation and analysis introduces students to the design, implementation, and analysis of formative and summative evaluations of interventions at the program level. Students will critically analyze, monitor, and evaluate interventions and programs. Special attention is placed on applying evaluation findings to improve program effectiveness and evaluating the ways programs address issues of social justice, ethics, diversity, and empowerment across diverse populations and settings. Students will use multivariate statistical tools to analyze complex problems facing a community agency and provide program recommendations to their community partner. A research paper will be completed to fulfill the Graduate School requirements for a research plan (Ball State Graduate Catalog). Prerequisite: SOCW 540 or Advanced Standing Status or permission of the advisor or department chairperson. Open only to SOCW students or permission of the director or department chairperson. | https://bsu.smartcatalogiq.com/2020-2021/Graduate-Catalog/Courses/SOCW-Social-Work/600/SOCW-641 |
Based on the medical records of patients who were admitted between April 1991 and March 1992 to treat and examine lung cancer, events, including examinations and medical interventions are identified. Regarding the logical relations of them, time intervals and distribution between them are calculated. With that result, the events that actually affected clinical process of the lung cancer diagnosis and treatment was identified. Then the PERT model was build by these events and is assessed the utility for alternative planing.First, we evaluated application of PERT on diagnosis process. With this evaluation we revealed that the network planning method can be applied into the diagnostic process using the logical and chronological relations between each events in the clinical process.To evaluate the effect of the unexpected event in the application of the PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) for evaluations of clinical process, we examined the therapeutic process of the lung cancer treatment. In therapeutic process, following difficulties are revealed to compromise the application of PERT to such process.1) Therapeutic process are not standardized.2) The time records of medical intervention are subject to be omitted in the medical record.3) The time when the unexpected (or harmful) events are resolved was not explicitly assessed.With these difficulties, logical and chronological relations could hardly be reconstructed from medical history currently used in Japan.In conclusion, this study established the effectiveness of the PERT in the clinical process where standardized to plan and evaluate allocation of medical resources. This study also revealed that its limitation in the process not standardized. To evaluated and enhance the effectiveness of the clinical practice, standardization of the clinical process and appropriated medical records that describes medical interventions and its reasons and assessments are considered essential.
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URL: | https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07672436/ |
Private sector development (PSD) plays an integral part in the international development strategy for many governments and development agencies. Typical PSD activities include technical and financial support to small and medium firms as well as indirect support through sector organisations and governments.
PSD organisations that receive public development aid money are required to monitor and evaluate the results of their work. Ex-post evaluations are often able to track some results but tend to fail to provide credible evidence on the relevance and effectiveness of the organisations’ support interventions. Real-time monitoring and impact evaluation of these support interventions is needed but challenging.
In this seminar, new CDI Director Giel Ton will present his experiences with research design to improve real-time monitoring and evaluation in PSD organisations – Pioneering Real-time Monitoring and Evaluation in small and medium enterprises (PRIME). The seminar will look at the two organisations involved in the project, CBI (support to SMEs to access the European market) and PUM (coaching and management advice), reflect on the process of mixing methods for data collection to answer the key evaluation questions using a check for validity threats, and focus on the quantitative cohort study with a short online survey tool to monitor changes in practices and performance in yearly cohorts of supported firm. It will also explore the qualitative research method designed to find plausible enablers of effectiveness from six comparative case studies in Bolivia, Peru, Uganda, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Indonesia.
About the speaker
Since June 2017, Giel Ton has worked at the Institute of Development Studies and is Director of the Centre for Development Impact. He specialises in the design of mixed-methods impact evaluations in agricultural value chains and private-sector development. Between 2005 and 2017, Giel worked for Wageningen Economic Research as a Senior Researcher on projects relating to business training, contract farming, export promotion and certification schemes. He was leading the PRIME project, Pioneering Real-time Monitoring and Evaluation in small and medium enterprises to assess the impact of the Centre for the Promotion of Imports (CBI) and Netherlands Senior Experts (PUM). He is currently co-authoring a paper on this experience to be presented at the conference EVALUATION 2017 of the American Evaluation Association, in November 2017.
Presentation: | https://www.ids.ac.uk/events/mixing-methods-to-assess-the-impact-of-private-sector-support-experiences-from-the-dutch-prime-programme/ |
Nutrition Assessment Services
A Nutrition assessment is the systematic process of collecting and interpreting information in order to make decisions about the nature and cause of a public health nutrition situation. Nutrition assessments provide evidence to inform decisions, select priorities, and develop strategies and advocacy messages.
Over a number of years, many types of nutrition assessments have been developed and perfected. Each has a different aim, but all are integral to a nutrition programme’s project cycle. For example, SMART nutrition surveys allow practitioners to quantify the scale of a problem, while Nutrition Causal Analyses show what might have caused it. Meanwhile, coverage assessments (SQUEAC/SLEAC) evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic and supplementary feeding programmes in terms of met need, allowing programmes to act on identified barriers to care, while Cost Effectiveness Analyses can shed light on how effective those interventions are from a financial perspective. A combination of some or all of these methodologies can contribute to a Nutrition Surveillance System.
Action Against Hunger’s Nutrition Information Services provide direct and remote support with the planning and implementation of nutrition assessments, covering the entire project cycle of CMAM programmes. We are experts in a wide range of coverage assessment methodologies, including SQUEAC1, SLEAC2, Community assessments, Bottleneck Analyses, Nutrition Causal Analyses (Link NCA), and SMART nutrition surveys. Our expertise also includes nutrition research design and implementation, including economic evaluations covering costing, cost-efficiency, and cost-effectiveness analyses. Action Against Hunger also has extensive experience in nutrition surveillance systems and the evaluation of nutrition programmes’ performance.
The Nutrition Assessment Team is based in Action Against Hunger’s offices in London, Paris, Toronto and Amman.
Download the brochure to understand what each service that the team offers entails, along with useful information to help you decide which nutrition assessment service is appropriate in any given context. | https://knowledgeagainsthunger.org/further-resources/nutrition-assessment-services/ |
We Conduct Evaluations
At the heart of our evaluation work is the desire to understand the impacts that public investments and large-scale education reforms have on students, educators, and institutions. We assess in real-time how our K-12 and higher education structures are working or not working, and for whom (through developmental evaluation) and we seek to understand the overall impacts of projects or initiatives (through summative evaluation).
Our evaluations draw from qualitative and quantitative data, and they range from assessments of student success programs at public institutions to system-wide higher education reforms. In all cases, we partner with the public education systems and institutions to interpret findings and suggest solutions for improving policy and academic practice.
Our projects focus on issues such as:
INSTITUTIONAL EFFECTIVENESS: EdInsights is partnering with the California Community Colleges Chancellor’s Office in a developmental evaluation of the Institutional Effectiveness Partnership Initiative. The main purpose is to support the Chancellor’s Office in continuously improving its professional learning opportunities to meet the ongoing needs of college administrators, faculty, and staff.
COLLEGE STUDENT SUCCESS: At its host campus, Sacramento State, EdInsights is working with colleagues to evaluate student success programs, such as the Full Circle Project (FCP), which supports Asian American and Pacific Islander students through learning communities. Our evaluations have helped FCP identify the impacts of its efforts on student retention, course taking, and graduation. Going forward, we will work with of services for these students.
GUIDED PATHWAYS: In partnership with the Foundation for California Community Colleges and the California Community Colleges Chancellor’s Office, EdInsights is conducting a developmental evaluation of the rollout, planning, implementation, and early impact of the Colleges’ Guided Pathways framework. As the hallmark reform effort of the California Community Colleges, Guided Pathways seeks to improve student success through the development of structured course-taking patterns and embedded supports.
Reports:
Our evaluation reports are confidential, but we share findings that have broad implications for public policy:
- Increasing Community College Workforce Diversity: Evidence from Evaluating Professional Learning Opportunities
or education practice in California: | https://edinsightscenter.org/Evaluation/ |
NPDES Permitting Support
Windward provides a wide variety of services to National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) stormwater and wastewater permittees. We serve industrial and municipal clients, working on both stormwater and wastewater issues. We understand state and federal water quality standards for aquatic life and human health, as well as NPDES stormwater regulations as implemented under individual and general sector-specific federal and state NPDES permits. We are intimately familiar with both typical and unique NPDES permitting approaches, and can assist attorneys in developing technical strategies to defend these approaches, as well as provide expert testimony during appeals or other legal challenges.
Windward’s services include completing permit application documents and preparing effluent datasets; developing and reviewing fact sheets and draft permits; negotiating permit requirements with regulators; designing and implementing receiving water quality and stormwater monitoring programs; evaluating “reasonable potential” and water quality-based effluent limits (WQBELs); managing sample data and preparing discharge monitoring report; coordinating and evaluating whole effluent toxicity tests and toxicity identification evaluations; preparing stormwater pollution prevention plans (SWPPPs); identifying non-stormwater discharges and associated remedies; designing and conducting bench- and pilot-scale stormwater treatment evaluations; preparing engineering reports to monitor construction stormwater runoff; and providing technical support for waste management decisions. Windward designs and implements innovative best management practices (BMPs) for source control and treatment and optimizes existing BMPs, with particular expertise in BMPs for roofing materials and structures. We perform NPDES-required facility inspections to assess stormwater pollutant sources, develop drainage maps, evaluate BMP effectiveness, and confirm SWPPP compliance. We coordinate and conduct video camera assessments, drainage infrastructure cleanouts, and treatment system maintenance. We also design and implement receiving water studies to evaluate the need for WQBELs, or develop site-specific water quality criteria for ammonia, copper, and zinc. | https://www.windwardenv.com/environmental-services/npdes-permitting-support/ |
Asthma webinars present the latest knowledge and information from leading experts and asthma management program champions from across the country. Offered at no-cost, webinars are an opportunity to discover state of the art tools and resources, learn effective strategies in asthma program design and delivery, engage the experts through question and answer sessions, and contribute to the discussion through interactive polling features.
Whether you recently attended a webinar or need more information, access the archived presentation materials and audio/visual recordings below to learn more about home environmental interventions, best practices for asthma management, program evaluation basics, housing code enforcement, and more.
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Learn innovative approaches for improving asthma outcomes in schools from two environmental health leaders who engaged school districts to take action on asthma. Laura Wheeler, a school nurse, champions asthma management for her district and shares tips and lessons learned for flood preparedness. Teresa Lipsett-Ruiz leads innovative interventions in over a hundred schools facing some of the highest asthma rates in the U.S. Both leaders discuss the ways in which their programs are grounded in EPA’s Indoor Air Quality Tools for Schools guidance.
Hear ways that asthma programs may benefit from new opportunities in today’s changing healthcare landscape. Learn about the Medicaid reimbursement provision for non-medical providers delivering preventive care services and how to effectively engage your state Medicaid office and managed care plans on reimbursement for asthma care services. Hear recommendations and key steps taken by one program that advocated for and received approval from CMS for Medicaid reimbursement as a Targeted Case Management Program.
Continue to explore asthma control through home-based interventions and evaluate the economic implications of these interventions. Tursynbek Nurmagambetov from the CDC National Center for Environmental Health, examines economic evaluations in public health and demonstrate the value for home-based environmental interventions.
Take a close look at new and ongoing efforts underway in Massachusetts to address the burden of childhood asthma through delivery system innovations and new reimbursement models that promote community-based interventions to reduce asthma triggers in homes and community settings.
This webinar explores the concept and uses of Logic Models. Tom Chapel draws from examples in previous webinars to illustrate the approaches and considerations program planners and evaluators can use to employ this powerful tool.
Listen to this webinar to learn how to enhance asthma program sustainability by attracting funders using compelling data storytelling. Hear relevant approaches from the 2015 National Environmental Leadership Award in Asthma Management winners on compiling and analyzing data to demonstrate the effectiveness of your asthma program to public and private funders
This webinar showcases practical ways to support successful referrals to in-home asthma programs as part of a coordinated asthma care plan. A roundtable discussion with the Boston Public Health Commission of Boston, MA and with the Department of Energy and Environment and Unity Health Care, Inc. of Washington, D.C. offers perspectives from program leaders and a referring physician on referral and communication strategies for promoting wider use and reimbursement of in-home asthma visit programs.
Listen to Amanda Reddy and Margaret Reid describe how their programs have formed effective collaborations to address healthy homes and asthma outcomes. Learn the value of designing a collaborative effort and accounting for results; the benefits of integrating environmental management throughout the continuum of clinical care; and the success behind evaluating strategies, assessments and interventions so that you can take action to increase healthy homes collaboration in your community.
Learn from previous winners how winning EPA’s National Environmental Leadership Award in Asthma Management can benefit your health plan! This webinar discusses the application process and provide insight on what it takes to win the award and how receiving the award can enhance your program.
Learn about how the Asthma Alliance of Indianapolis (IN) has integrated the key drivers, including a two-step approach to environmental home visits, a partnership with Head Start, and a unique Asthma Referral Service. | http://asthmacommunitynetwork.org/resources/webinars/titledesc?page=4 |
All grantees and subgrantees are required to perform internal evaluations which are ongoing efforts to assess performance and improve quality. Grantees and subgrantees may, but are not required to, arrange for independent evaluations which are assessments of program effectiveness by individuals who are not directly involved in the administration of the program. The cost of independent evaluations is allowable. | https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?mc=true&node=se45.5.2516_1810&rgn=div8 |
Ash Creek Elementary District
Ash Creek Elementary School District will monitor the effectiveness of interventions implemented through benchmark testing, both formative and summative assessments, and teacher input.
Data gathered will be evaluated to make decisions about the effectiveness of the interventions and the impact they have on lost instructional time, the academic, social, emotional and mental health needs of all students, and particularly those students disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, including students from low-income families, students of color, English learners, children with disabilities, students experiencing homelessness, children in foster care and migratory students.
LEA Name:
Use of Set-Aside Funds:
Wholistically address academic and SEL impact, especially for students disproportionately impacted by COVID-19
Disrupted Learning Title:
LEA Plus Use of Funds: | https://www.azed.gov/ash-creek-elementary-district-1 |
The OECD held a workshop in Paris on 19 April 2016 to provide capacity building to competition officials that have already been or will be involved in the ex-post evaluation of enforcement decisions.
During the workshop, the ex-post evaluations of three enforcement decisions were presented in detail by their authors and then discussed with the support of two invitees: Prof. Walter Beckert (University of London) and Prof. John E. Kwoka, (Northeastern University).
The workshop provided participants the opportunity to:
Long distance participation in the workshop was possible. Over 20 participants from all around the world listened to the discussion, viewed the slides of the presentations and asked questions through a chat.
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This reference guide presents an in-depth overview of all the issues linked to ex-post assessments and contains numerous examples and references. It is a great tool for agencies who want to start performing such evaluations and for those who would like to improve the quality of evaluations they already make. Read more
Factsheet on competition and macroeconomic outcomes
This factsheet summarises evidence on the links between competition and macroeconomic outcomes, such as productivity, growth, innovation and employment. Read more
Guide on competition impact assessment
This guide provides a simple and easy methodology for determining the likely benefits that consumers will derive from competition agencies’ decisions and suggestions on how to present results obtained. Read more
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The OECD work on evaluation of competition interventions
Governments everywhere are increasingly interested in assessing the effects of their policies and the effectiveness of public institutions. Competition policy is no exception. Competition agencies affect the economy by taking decisions on cases under competition law. With their governments, they can influence market competition in the economy more widely through policy interventions.
Given its importance, the evaluation of competition interventions has become one of the strategic priorities for the OECD’s work on competition. The OECD is gathering evidence of existing best practices in such evaluations and trying to expand the range of techniques that can be used. Read more about our work on this area
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Links and documents
Reference guide on ex-post evaluation of competition agencies’ enforcement decisions, April 2016
Factsheet on competition and macroeconomic outcomes, October 2014
Guide for assessing the impact of competition authorities' activities, April 2014
Evaluation of competitive impacts of government interventions, Discussion held in February 2014
Competition and macroeconomic outcomes factsheet, Discussion held in October 2013
Evaluation of competition enforcement and advocacy activities: results of an OECD survey, 2013 (pdf). Also available in French. | https://search.oecd.org/daf/competition/workshop-expost-evaluation-competition-enforcement-decisions.htm |
This indicator is designed to evaluate awareness of climate change issues, risks and potential response options, and actions to promote such awareness, in different contexts.
The indicator can be used to evaluate the performance of an individual capacity building programme, through evaluation of the target system (e.g. ministry, sector, institution, general population, community, etc) at the beginning, during, and at the end of the programme.
The indicator may also be used to evaluate the evolution of awareness of climate change in systems targeted by multiple programmes.
Where the aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of capacity building interventions intended to improve institutional knowledge and capacity to address climate change, assessments will need to be supported by evidence that any improvements are attributable to the programme(s) in question. | https://www.iied.org/g03538 |
Legislation sponsored by Assembly Democrats Marlene Caride, Mila Jasey, Tim Eustace, Valerie Vainieri Huttle and Angelica Jimenez to eliminate the use of standardized assessments as a measure of student growth or progress in evaluations of teachers, principals, assistant principals, and vice-principals was approved 52-11-8 Thursday by the General Assembly.
For the past two years, the NJ Department of Education has limited to 10 percent the usage of PARCC, New Jersey’s standardized assessment, in determining student progress as a factor in teachers’ evaluations. The test now counts for 30 percent of the overall evaluation. Approximately 15 percent of New Jersey educators will have PARCC results factored into their evaluations.
“There is broad agreement among statisticians, psychometricians, and economists that student test scores alone are not sufficiently reliable and valid indicators of teacher effectiveness,” said Caride (D-Bergen/Passaic), who chairs the committee. “Teachers should be held accountable via a rigorous evaluation system, but standardized testing should not be included in that system.”
The bill (A-4122) would provide that standardized assessments may not be used as a measure of student growth or progress in the evaluation of a teacher, principal, assistant principal, or vice-principal.
“The PARCC test that the state is using to evaluate teachers was never intended to be used in this manner, but instead to give better information to teachers and parents to promote effective individualized student learning,” said Jasey (D-Essex/Morris). “By using this test for evaluations, we compromise its questionable effectiveness for meaningful feedback entirely.”
“Using test scores to evaluate teachers puts pressure on teachers to teach to the test, which takes away from invaluable classroom instruction and learning,” said Eustace (D-Bergen/Passaic). “If the end goal is to ensure teachers are indeed reaching their students, then let’s use measures that will give us a more accurate glimpse of who is doing a good job, and who is lacking.”
“Weighing the effectiveness of teachers on a test that has been largely chastised by parents and educators alike is problematic,” said Vainieri Huttle (D-Bergen). “Teachers should be held accountable. But we are doing a disservice to our students by largely relying on a questionable exam, instead of proven measures that take into account all the variables that go into effective teaching.”
“The fact that only certain teachers will have this factored into their evaluations is unfair,” said Jimenez (D-Bergen/Hudson). “While it is vital that we evaluate the adequacy of our teachers, we should not subject a segment of our teachers to a measure that others are exempt from, especially when test scores have been proven to be poor measures of teacher effectiveness.”
The bill would take effect immediately.
The bill now heads to the Senate for further consideration. | https://www.assemblydems.com/caride-jasey-eustace-vainieri-huttle-jimenez-bill-to-eliminate-standardized-tests-as-measuring-stick-for-teacher-effectiveness-clears-assembly/ |
SAD is not only implementing its own projects but also works on a mandate basis. SAD provides the following services.
Capacity Assessment
We support third parties (governments, non-governmental organisations, charities and companies) in identifying adequate structures, partners and systems into which the desired sport and play based development interventions can sustainably be integrated.
Capacity Building
We provide capacity building for both the general and customised needs of children, youth, organisations and partners, in the areas of sport and play, monitoring and evaluation, health, education, employment, and organisational and strategy development.
Project Management and Implementation
We plan, support and implement sport and play based projects together with local partners.
Monitoring and Evaluation
We strengthen the capacity of governmental, non-governmental and international organisations and partners to monitor and evaluate by developing customised systems, monitoring ongoing programmes and implementing mid-term, final and follow-up evaluations on outcomes and impact.
Applied Research
We conduct applied research, which directly aims to answer practical questions and particularly includes the assessment (evaluation research) and development (intervention research) of concrete measures or interventions. | https://sad.ch/en/what-we-do/mandates/ |
It is impossible to assess the effectiveness of many recent initiatives aiming to improve outcomes for vulnerable young people according to a research review.
Asked, by the current government, to review 10 Labour initiatives in a bid to help inform future policy, Professor Janet Walker of Newcastle University and Professor Cam Donaldson of Glasgow Caledonian University, said: “The most depressing conclusion from our review is that despite substantial social resources having been spent on pilots, pathfinders, evaluations and the roll-out of programmes, there is no hard evidence as to their effectiveness.”
The initiatives examined included family group conferencing, children’s trusts pathfinders, family intervention projects, intensive family support projects, youth inclusion and support panels and budget-holding lead professional pilots.
The authors found that none of the projects met the five criteria needed to assess cost effectiveness and all of the evaluations struggled to measure outcomes.
“The initiatives frequently relied on qualitative assessments of change and failed to promote the kind of robust evidence that is required to inform policy decisions. Practitioners tended to confuse outputs with outcomes and did not always understand the vital links between assessments, interventions and impacts.”
The authors said, at most, the 10 initiatives had simply identified building blocks for any new programme. These included a wider adoption of the common assessment framework (CAF), the establishment of multi-agency teams (preferably co-located) such as teams around the child (TAC), identification of a lead professional to co-ordinate service delivery, the need for commitment from all agencies, appropriate training for new roles and a more integrated commissioning process. | https://www.communitycare.co.uk/2011/01/28/experts-find-no-evidence-of-labour-schemes-success/ |
Important Verticals in Arable Agriculture in India
Indian agriculture has always been the country's main source of trade. In fact, the majority of Indian workers are still employed in arable farming. Such conditions exist on the Southeast Asian subcontinent for a variety of reasons, including poverty, a lack of agricultural diversity, a lack of investment capital, and a lack of farmer awareness. But most crucially, the subcontinent's expanding population has called for significant revolutions in order to feed the nation throughout time. The Green Revolution was one such awakening.
With a score of 50.4%, India tops the list in Wikipedia's poll about the amount of arable land that is available on its territory. This ratio illustrates the significance of arable farming and associated agriculture. We shall talk about a number of arable farming verticals in India and the rest of the world in this blog.
Process and examples of arable farming
Process
Planting and sowing are the two steps in the arable farming process. Let's talk about and comprehend these two first before continuing.
- Sowing: An agrarian practice in which the seed is planted directly in the ground.
- Planting: In this approach, live plants are placed straight into the soil.
Arable agriculture is primarily defined in detail by the previous two phases. Additionally, in this kind of farming, the subsequent sowing and planting procedures are steps for the cultivation of staple crops.
- Broadcasting: This kind of farming uses the sowing technique, in which seeds are manually dispersed over prepared agricultural ground.
- Dibbling: This method of sowing in arable agriculture involves utilizing a dibbler to directly plant the seeds into the cultivated arable ground.
- Drilling: This type of sowing entails employing equipment like a driller to drill seeds into cultivated arable ground.
- Ploughing Down: With this technique, seeds are manually dropped into the plough's furrow.
- Planting: This method of farming involves cultivating crops on arable ground using the plant's vegetative components.
- Transplanting: Re-cropping already-raised seedlings from nursery beds to the actual arable farmlands constitutes this method of arable agriculture.
What Does Arable Farming Mean?
Arable agriculture is a farming method that promotes crop-specific land preparation for planned crop cultivation and harvesting. On a big, medium, or small scale, it involves the production of staple crops like wheat, rice, maize, and other similar crops.
A History of Arable Farming
The term "arable land" comes from the Latin word arabilis, which means "able to be ploughed." From here on, arable farming refers to the use of arable land for planned agriculture. Arable farming first appeared when humans were less nomadic, or about 11000 years ago. The Paleolithic period was the name given to the historical period in question. Following the conclusion of this age, nomadic humans developed greater organizational skills and began using an arable agricultural system.
Arable Agriculture's Importance for Farming
Arable farming was developed as people realized they needed to systematize their crops. Arable agriculture is solely in charge of generating food crops to meet human needs, regardless of the time period. Furthermore, arable agriculture and related practices are essential to the main population of animals. Along with all of these other considerations, arable farming has met the demand for human food and animal fodder. Only arable farming has the capacity to meet the demand for food as it rises with population expansion.
List of Arable Crops Used for Production
A wide variety of annual, half-yearly, and quarterly crops are produced on cultivated land. Thus, arable crops are classified into the following groups according to how they are consumed by people and animals:
- Grain plants: Grains including wheat, maize, rice, and barley, among others.
- Pulse plants: These legumes are edible and replenish soil nitrogen. Lentils, beans, and peas are a few examples.
- Oilseed plants: These plants produce oil from their seeds. Examples include soybean, rapeseed, etc.
- Forage plants: These crops are used as feed by animals. Cowpea, clovers, and timothy are a few examples.
- Fiber plants: Crops are raised on arable land to harvest plant fibers for apparel and other purposes. such as flax, jute, and cotton.
- Tuber crops: The edible portions of these arable crops are buried underground.
Types of Arable Agriculture
Over time, agronomic technology has improved and advanced. As a result, several arable farming methods and techniques were developed to promote soil sustainability and land equity.
Organic Arable Agriculture
The organic agricultural practices used in this sort of arable farming system involve the use of solely carbon and carbon derivatives as fertilizers, nitrogen fixes, pesticides, and insecticides. This technique involves restoring the soil. Even if the procedure is rather pricey in the present era, less arable land is used for organic farming. However, the technique has a long-lasting impact on the properties of arable land.
Intensive/Inorganic arable farming
Every technique (apart from organic farming) used to improve crop yield while disregarding the soil's inherent fertility is referred to as intensive or inorganic farming. Or, to put it another way, arable land sustainability is threatened. Many arable lands have been exploited by humans as a result of intense arable farming. This aspect has led to the demotion of intensive/inorganic agriculture of arable crops for the sake of sustainability.
Arable Agriculture and Its Trade
As agriculture is the foundation of the Indian economy, a large portion of arable farming in India involves commoditizing crops. When it comes to culture and arable farming, India is a leader. Additionally, the greatest cattle and second-largest human population in the world are entirely fed by India's arable agriculture. As a result, there are various guiding principles for arable farming in India.
principles for arable farming in India.
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What Are Rabi Crops? | https://www.bookmycrop.com/blog-details/important-verticals-in-arable-agriculture-in-india |
Staff Review: "Growing a Revolution: Bringing Our Soil Back to Life"
★★★★
Many people choose sides between conventional and organic methods of farming, assuming that you will have to settle for lower harvests and smaller produce if you don’t want your food to be poisoned by carcinogenic pesticides. Montgomery brings the reader’s attention to a third option: conservative agriculture. This means not tilling fields with a plow, planting cover crops year-round, and rotating crops regularly. The author repeatedly points out that all three factors are required to truly practice conservative agriculture—a sustainable method of farming (that can certainly be practiced organically, which re-establishes the natural relationship between plants and mycorrhizal fungi and eliminates the need for imported fertilizers. These manufactured fertilizers, used copiously across the country since after World War II, have merely propped up yields in the short term and ultimately depleted the soil.
Conservative agriculture is not just a theory. The author spends the bulk of his book providing case studies of how this method actually functions around the world from Kansas and North Dakota to Africa and Central America. In his real life examples, Montgomery exposes the expense of conventional agriculture that proves it is neither the most cost effective nor the most efficient method of farming. | https://www.mcpl.us/catalogs/books/reviews/growing-revolution-bringing-our-soil-back-life |
From ancient times till now there have been evolutionary changes in agriculture. Agriculture is the backbone of the country, the method of farming has changed to a great extend.
Over a period of time farmers started using synthetic materials such as pesticides and fertilizers which can produce a good yield and also prevent the unwanted growth of microorganisms on plant species. On the other hand, to explore, the use of synthetic inputs has resulted in cancer, breathing issues, sting eyes, rashes, blindness, and more diseases in humans.
The use of toxics has not only affected humans but also spoils the fertility of the soil, it kills the natural microorganisms which help the fertility of the soil. Making it worse, it also contaminates the underground water which can be used for many purposes.
ORGANIC FARMING:
To overcome all the issues discussed above there evolved a method of practicing organic farming.
Organic farming is the method of farming that is done in such a way that people, the environment, the fertility of the soil, and underground water are not affected. Yes, this is the healthiest way of farming which can yield food with the actual nutritious content present in rice, wheat, grains, fruits, and other plants. This type of farming is recommended everywhere as it gives us complete health. | https://1organic.in/blogs/1organic/in-covid-times-mankind-should-turn-to-organic-agriculture-and-start-eating-organic-food |
Sarvadaman Patel, 69, forayed into organic farming 17 years ago, and his greatest achievement has been to show the farming community that it is possible to get good yields by adopting good farming practices. A passionate farmer, Patel is also a gifted story teller, who has chronicled amusing tales and delightful anecdotes from his farm into a book Chased by A Bull and Other Cock and Bull Stories. He spoke to Anuradha Dhareshwar about his successful journey as a farmer.
What made you take to farming?
I loved to be amidst trees and even as I studied in school, at age 12, I was a good gardener. By the time I was 18, I had decided that I wanted to be a farmer. After doing my Bachelors in Agriculture and Animal Husbandry from Pant University, I left for the US to do my Masters in Agronomy at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. After working for a year and a half in three different dairy farms in America, I returned to India with the dream of having my own farm. For a few years, I worked on a number of projects in dairy and forestry for clients on turnkey basis, and in the year 1975 started my own farming enterprise, the Bhaikaka Krishi Kendra on our 40-acre farm, named after my paternal grandfather, who had always encouraged me to follow my dream.
You started off as a conventional farmer, practicing inorganic farming. What made you completely switch over to organic farming?
My initial attempts at organic farming in the mid-90s were not successful. Three things that happened on this farm made me foray into organic farming. First was the gradual depletion of yields inspite of using fertilisers, and the diminishing health of the soil and animals. The second was when a farm worker got poisoned (luckily, he survived to tell his tale), when spraying a pesticide. The third was when pesticide residue on the fodder caused illness in a large number of cows. Taking these as signals from the heavens, I started reading a lot about organic farming, and in the year 2000, took a whole hearted plunge into organic farming.
During that time, I also met Peter Proctor, considered as the father of modern Biodynamics, and was hugely inspired by him. Peter visited my farm a few times and saw my passion for organic farming. In 2005, he offered to stay at my farm for almost a year and helped turn it biodynamic. He was a tough task master and I learned a lot about biodynamic farming from him.
Can you please explain the term biodynamic farming?
It is a method of farming that aims to treat the farm as a living system which interacts with the environment to build healthy living soil, and to produce food that nourishes, vitalises and helps to develop humanity.
What do you grow on your farm? How many farm hands work on it?
We grow over 40 different vegetables mostly in the winter months, and also a variety of fruits like chikoo, mango, custard apple, litchi, papaya, sweet lime, lime, etc. A variety of cereals and pulses like oats, bajra, barley, wheat too are grown on the farm in addition to wood for timber. Fodder for the animal makes up 30 per cent of my farm, which employs about 20 regular workers and more on need basis when there are spikes of tasks.
How many small and marginal farmers train on your farm each year? What do they get to learn?
Annually, about 250 farmers are trained at the farm. We have been doing this since 2001. There is a December workshop – five days of biodynamic training and four days of vegetable training, every year. There are many resource people from different parts of India who come down for the workshop and it is more hands on, practical training. The trainees are asked to plant eight different kinds of seeds and transplant eight. They are trained on how to raise a nursery and manage it. They get to learn cropping pattern in different seasons, understand soil fertility and are trained to pick vegetables, maintain quality and hygiene. We also guide the trainees to market their produce.
You also run a Gurukul for those who want to learn organic farming?
Yes. Ravi Koushik, an IITian, who is a close friend and associate, and practices biodynamic farming in Bengaluru, suggested that I should start a Gurukul at the Bhaikaka Krishi Kendra for sharing my practical knowledge on organic/biodynamic farming with fellow farmers from all over India and also farming enthusiasts who want to seriously take up organic farming. So we started the Bhaikaka Krishi Gurukul at the Krishi Kendra in 2011. It is a one-of-its kind institute in India which offers short term (3 months) and long term (6 months) apprenticeship programmes, where particpants get hands-on experience in organic farming.
Are Indian farmers convinced that productivity need not be compromised by switching over to organic farming?
Farmers are convinced only by what they see. Lectures don’t mean much to them. In my farm each part of the field is meticulously planned. Companion crops which help each other both in productivity and pest management are planted. Farmers get to learn a lot on cropping patterns, ethical farming and can see the yields without using pesticides and chemicals. Hence a lot of impetus is given to practically showing the productivity.
Is there a way we can prevent farmer suicides in our country?
The Green Revolution in India has not really helped. There is a big gap between the agricultural extension services and farmer. Generally small farmers take the extreme step of ending their life mainly under the pressure of debt, thanks to investments made in purchasing chemicals and pesticides. Crop failure adds to this misery. The government is also not helping much. When a farmer commits suicide the government gives compensation to the family, which also becomes a motivation. I feel saddened about this. If organic practices are followed, a farmer becomes self-reliant and we could avoid farmer suicides.
Agriculture has been in a state of crisis since long. Is it wrong policies that are responsible for the crisis or it the unpredictability of nature? Are we doing anything to set it right?
Unpredictability of nature has been there for centuries, but nature is benevolent and if we adopt the right practices, it could still give us good yields. It is the infertility of the soil which is causing problems. Soil has become so infertile that it does not respond when a calamity occurs. It is wrong farming practices coupled with lack of education that add to the problems. Agricultural universities should take the lead in educating farmers. Their extension services are not effective. This must change. Organic farming forms a small part of the agriculture policy. In 2015, the Gujarat government formulated a detailed organic policy and had taken help from me and Mr. Kapil Shah from Jatan (an NGO in Vadodara empowering farmers to take up organic farming), to draft the policy. It was planning to develop 5 to 6 model farms. But nothing much has moved forward on this front.
GM mustard is considered unsafe and yet it will soon be allowed to be cultivated in our country despite protests from activists. What is your view regarding GM (Genetically Modified) crops?
The diversity of any crop is immense in India. This will be lost once the GM crop comes in. As of today a lot of seeds are saved by the farmer which can be used again and again, and there is a selection which is done by the farmer himself. GM is transgenic, which means it will transfer its genes by itself. There are cases in Canada where companies have gone behind farmers claiming copyright violations. Most important, the diversity of the whole mustard will be lost. It will be more like cloning one type of seed. We will lose the whole gene diversity. There must be 50 different kinds of mustard as of today, but with GM we will have one standard type across. These mustards are for different regions. To have one seed for the entire region may not be something good. It is not going be easy though. There is a moratorium on it. The organic lobby should make the government understand that GM is very harmful. Repeatedly it has been shown that native seeds that have been grown are as productive as any, and even the pest attacks are minimal.
Who are the people that enroll for your workshop? Do women and students attend? Do they have an agricultural background?
Many young enthusiasts enroll. Less of farmers and more farming enthusiasts.They are people planning either to get into farming themselves or manage their land. Some want to learn more about organic farming. Yes, women make a good part of the group. Students not many. A majority do not have a background of agriculture. About 20 to 25 percent of those who attend the workshop take to farming after the course.
Can you narrate a couple of success stories?
There are many success stories which keep us motivated to do the workshop regularly. In Bangalore, a participant Girish Krishnamurthy with a corporate background has taken up serious vegetable farming. He is growing and marketing his produce by direct marketing. In Uttarakhand, in the Corbett Park area, another serious participant Ram Gopalan is growing all crops including vegetables, cereals, pulses and is managing a dairy with Sahiwal cows, a breed native to India for a Closed User Community. He has created a model for training the worker class and deploying them at various farms to manage them using IT platform with remote management tools. He has been successful in implementing the practices followed by us at a couple of places in a very short span of time. He has also created a demo model farm and designed a farm tour concept which is unique.
Jaideep Solanki a young farmer from Kuch, Gujarat has adopted these techniques in his fields and has improved his soil. Varun Sharma, a hotelier from Gandhidham has attended the course along with his family and workers, and is now growing many vegetables for consumption in his restaurant. He has started a dairy with Indian breed Gir cows and has dedicated a large parcel of land for fodder research. Arifa from Hyderabad has successfully converted her mango orchard into Biodynamic, and is reaping the fruits of change. | http://oneindiaonepeople.com/organic-practices-followed-farmer-becomes-self-reliant-avoid-farmer-suicides/ |
What is intensive land?
What is intensive land?
Intensive agriculture, in agricultural economics, system of cultivation using large amounts of labour and capital relative to land area. As a result, a farm using intensive agriculture will require less land than an extensive agriculture farm to produce a similar profit.
What are the types of intensive agriculture?
There are two basic forms of intensive agriculture: non-industrial and industrial. The former is dependent on human labor and draft animals, while the latter is reliant on machinery. However, there are characteristics that unite the two forms.
What are the resources of land?
Land and Land Resources refer to a delineable area of the earth’s terrestrial surface, encompassing all attributes of the biosphere immediately above or below this surface, including those of the near-surface climate, the soil and terrain forms, the surface hydrology (including shallow lakes, rivers, marshes and swamps …
What is intensive farming?
A type of agricultural production system that uses high inputs of fertilizer, pesticides, labour and capital in relation to the size of the land area being farmed.
What is intensive and extensive cultivation?
Methodology. Intensive farming is a method of agricultural production that requires a lot of inputs to maximize productivity of a small piece of land. Conversely, extensive farming or agriculture is practiced over large swathes of land, with little to no inputs and produces a lower yield per hectare.
Is intensive farming good or bad?
Intensive, high-yielding agriculture may be the best way to meet growing demand for food while conserving biodiversity, say researchers. Intensive farming is said to create high levels of pollution and damage the environment more than organic farming. …
What are the main features of intensive agriculture?
The salient features of intensive agriculture are:
- The salient features of intensive agriculture are:
- Higher yield of crops per unit area of land-
- Land holdings are very small-
- Involves higher use of labour-
- A greater dependence on soil and climate-
- Low marketability-
What are land resources 8?
The land is the solid part of the earth’s surface. It is a vital natural resource. Although not every part of the land is habitable, it covers around 30% of the surface of the Earth. Usually, the densely populated areas are plains and river valleys.
What is land resource answer?
Land resources mean the resources available from the land, thus the agricultural land which contain natural fertilizer for growth of the products sown; the underground water, the various minerals like coal, bauxite, gold and other raw materials.
What is intensive farming class 10th?
Intensive or intensive farming is a method of farming where a lot of money and effort is used to increase the yield per area of land. Significant quantities of pesticides and animal medicines are widely used for crops.
Which is an example of a land intensive sector?
Rural development has traditionally centered on the exploitation of land-intensive natural resources such as agriculture and forestry. A gendered perspective is critical to addressing the negative impact of land-intensive investment sectors on women farmers.
Why are renewables considered to be land intensive?
Further, more renewables are highly land intensive. Lack of arable land, intense heat, periodic locust swarms, and limited water supplies are the main obstacles to agriculture. The traditional method of production is not only a land-intensive way to grow this vegetable, but is also more labour-intensive.
How does land use intensity affect the environment?
Land use intensity, with links to land degradation, soil erosion, water scarcity, nutrient depletion and pollution, has increased. Over land, intense, rapid solar heating of the land surface results in heating of the lowest layers of the atmosphere via reradiated energy in the infrared spectrum.
Which is the best description of land use?
Definition of Land Use. “Land use” is the term used to describe the human use of land. It represents the economic and cultural activities (e.g., agricultural, residential, industrial, mining, and recreational uses) that are practiced at a given place. Public and private lands frequently represent very different uses. | https://eyebulb.com/what-is-intensive-land/ |
In the context of changing world scenario towards organically produced Food, organic farming is gaining importance world wide. India, as a result of "Green Revolution" has attained self sufficiency in food grain production and is able to feed the 1.2 billion mouths. But this has definitely led to overexploitation of our natural resources and indiscriminate use of chemicals for cultivation. With food safety concerns looming large, we have to definitely take a stand on sustainable agriculture by adopting organic farming methods especially in food crops.
Realizing this, the following announcement was made by the Hon’ble Minister for agriculture on the floor of the assembly during the Agriculture Demand on 19.04.2012 regarding Organic Farming policy of the State.
This announcement has already instilled a sense of responsibility among the stake holders and public and it is imperative to draft the policy immediately.
RATIONALE
Though our state tends to be a pioneer in most of the technologies and policies, we are found to be lagging behind states like Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Karnataka, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Uttaranchal as far as Organic Farming is concerned.
Organic Farming strategies can be devised only based on a strong State policy. The method of implementation and agencies involved can also be defined based on a policy. Hence these attributes form a part of the State Organic Farming Policy.
OBJECTIVES
To analyze the world Organic Farming Scenario and to determine our role in the global arena of Organic Farming.
To bring together eminent brains in the field of Organic Farming in the Country and State and to pool their views and knowledge on Organic Farming. | http://tnhorticulture.tn.gov.in/horti/tnhorticulture/organic |
Organic farming is characterized by a strict regulation of plant protection products, fertilizers and soil conditioners, which precludes the use of the vast majority of all available compounds. The European Regulation 2092/91 defines which substances are allowed in organic farming. Nevertheless, the range of products allowed varies greatly between countries.
The articles in this volume describe the evaluation procedures for fertilizers and soil conditioners used in organic agriculture. They summarize the situation in various (mainly European) countries. The collection is not exhaustive, but it gives a picture of the areas where the regulations are similar across countries, and where there are major differences. It also shows the extent to which organic regulations/standards and (non-organic) legislation on usage of fertilizers and soil conditioners are responsible for national differences. This data sheet is only available as a file for free download. | https://shop.fibl.org/CHen/1383-soilconditioners.html?ref=1 |
Available Online November 2018.
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.2991/fanres-18.2018.15How to use a DOI?
- Keywords
- organic farming, rice, the risk
- Abstract
- This research aims to identify the level of organic rice farmers' decisions and the risks of organic rice farming. The research was conducted in the Kebonagung village of Imogiri district and Wijirejo villages of Pandak district Bantul Regency of special region of Yogyakarta with the survey and interview with the organic rice farmers. The first purpose was analyzed by the descriptive analysis to describe the decision of farmers. Meanwhile, the risks were tested by the coefficient variation. The results show that the decision of farmers toward the organic rice farming is good and organic rice farming has a lower risk than conventional and mixed systems.
- Open Access
- This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC license. | https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/fanres-18/25907112 |
Conventional Farming Has Higher Yields than Organic Farming: Is this Sustainable
Lately, a lot of debate has been ranging on as to whether there is any difference in output based on yield between the organic agriculture and the conventional farming. Further, questions as to which of the two has higher yields still range on. A number of analyses have been done with each side trying to support its cause. A study that has been relied upon for quite some time is the one published in 2012 by the Annals of Internal Medicine Journal.
The study, though not authoritatively and candid makes a conclusion that states there is a widened lack of strong support and evidence that makes food produced organically have more nutrient levels compared to the conventional foods. However, this study goes ahead to conclude that organically produced foods have less chemical residues and other strains of bacteria seen as resistant.
Another study supporting this idea has recently been published in a PlusOne Journal this August 2016. This study states that farming area allocated to agricultural use has been on the rise globally. It goes further and explains how past studies looking into the issue of yields between these two forms of farming had been focusing on experiential environment. With this model, the study states that there are limits that often do not expose the maximum potential in commercial agriculture. The main finding of this study was found to be in line with past studies.
This finding illustrated that yields across several crops grown organically were less when compared to conventional farming. The ration of organic to conventional yield was found to be 4:8 or simply explained when an organic yield is 80%, the conventional yield would be 100%. Even with this scenario, the study points out that there were crops in which the yield had no marked changes between the two production systems and in some crops like hay, the yields was more than the conventional production. This status of lower yields achieved through organic farming has those that who oppose organic farming arguing that the world can’t afford an inefficient system.
This system they say is not able nor will it be able to achieve the increased food demand brought about the ever increased global population. This study identifies a key challenge that organic food production faces towards achieving high yields. This main challenge is on the issue of soil fertility more so with the nitrogen nutrient. The other challenge is due to the challenge of pest and weed prevention and control. And this is due to, well, the obvious lack of use of synthetically manufactured pesticides.
The big question at this moment I would like to pose is? Which between the two forms of production is sustainable? We recently did a piece on the definition of sustainable farming as defined by UN FAO. FAO’s definition of organic farming has been anchored on five core principles. These principles are characteristic of sustainable farming. The two key principles we would want to review are enhanced and efficient use of resources and the drive towards conserving the natural resources. Conventional crop production might as accurately been depicted by these studies lead to increased crop yields. But at what cost are we achieving this? Are we prioritizing yields at the expense of sustainability?
Frequently, we have seen the use of crop yield being used over and over as a mark-up of efficiency. It’s in deed true, that yield should form part of a factor that estimates whether any system is efficient or not. However, we need to be cautious not to embrace this at the detriment of existing and available resources. The resource includes water, soil, bio-diversity and energy. Adoption of climate smart technologies such as clean and renewable energy such as solar energy is paramount.
In our quest to achieve higher yields, we need to understand that systems that lead to rapid natural resources depletion and destruction will only lead to increased food insecurity for future generations. Though the current and immediate generation might benefit from this intensive natural resource use, the future generation will be highly unstable in terms of food supply. Short term approaches should not form the basis of policy making but rather long term thinking should always be at the back of those entrusted in making relevant policies governing agriculture. | https://permaculturenews.org/2016/09/12/conventional-farming-higher-yields-organic-farming-sustainable/ |
The kick-off meeting of the National Technology Platform of Organic Farming took place on 29 April 2009. Mr. Zoltán Gőgös, the State Secretary in the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MARD highlighted the relevance of organic farming in his speech. According to him, this faming method can play an important role for the regional development of agriculture and regional food supply. He underlined that the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MARD intends to support and promote the development of organic farming.
The kick-off meeting was hereafter conducted by Head of Department Professor Dr. László Radics of the Corvinus University of Budapest, Department of Ecological and Sustainable Production Systems and together with Executive Director Dr. Péter Roszík of Biokontroll Hungaria.
The participants agreed upon the main objectives of the Platform, namely to integrate all who intend to promote organic farming.
Dr. József Ángyán, director of the Institute of Environmental and Landscape of Management Szent István University, Member of Parliament, underlined in his comment that an organic change of agriculture should be realized and that a National Strategy of Organic Farming should be worked out.
Participants (private persons, institutions, associations, federations, growers, members of parliament; 15 persons) who were invited to the kick-off meeting as founding members unanimously agreed on the establishment of National Technology Platform of Organic Farming and declared it established.
To help promote an organic logo. | https://www.organic-world.net/index/news-organic-world/article/153.html |
Skara Yokma, Airport Road,
Near Councillor Quarter,
Leh, Ladakh, India
In Conversation with Stanzin Dolkar, Farmer, Takmachik village
By Stanzin Dasal & Rigzin Wangmo LEH, May 02, 2018
LEH :
The idea of an organic farming method in the Takmachik village was first conceived in the year 2010 and was practically implemented in 2011.
With an initiative of Ladakh Environment and Health Organisation (LEHO) and LAHDC, Takmachik village was adopted as ‘Eco green village’ on March 17, 2015, and was certified under Participatory Guarantee System, India an Organic Guarantee Programme on June 26, 2017. Thus the farmers along with organic farming method also promote tourism in the village. Producing tastier and healthier food items, the farmers along with generating a good level of income is also setting up an example for many.
In fact, it is one of the visions of Hill Council, Leh to go for 100 percent organic farming and towards a sustainable development in the near future. But the implementation also seems difficult with the changing lifestyle and use of chemicals fertilizers to increase the production.
Amidst all these changes, a ray of hope is shown by the people of Takmachik village.
Let’s read more about the organic farming method from Stanzin Dolkar, a farmer from Takmachik village. Working in the field after her class 12th was bit challenging and hard for her initially but it’s been more than 20 years since she started working in the fields and today she is proud of herself and happily shares the experiences and scope in the agriculture sector.
Q. Brief us about the agriculture then and now. What are the new ways and methods introduced in the field to harvest and cultivate the best quality crops?
Agriculture sector of Ladakh has changed a lot. The traditional farming method is getting replaced with the modern technologies. The old method of ploughing the field by animals is replaced by sophisticated machinery, the nutrient requirements of plants are fulfilled by fertilizers instead of natural manures.Earlier, farmers used to cultivate limited crops such as wheat, barley and local vegetables.
The modern method of farming has reduced the workload and time. In early days people used to work together on fields and help each other but these days such practices are very rare. Young people are migrating in urban areas in search of job and education. Thus, the agriculture practice is carried out by the aged people in rural areas.
The younger generations these days have the least idea about agriculture and hardly take interest in it. They rarely know the names of the tools used in the agriculture which is not good. Parents should encourage their children and involve them in agriculture practice along with academics. The knowledge of agriculture imparted will never be wasted.
I am grown up in a farmer’s family and during my young days, I have seen people using fertilizers in their fields. People were not aware of the negative impacts and with time people started neglecting its impact by seeing the increasing quantity, size and colour of the fruits and vegetables.
Gradually, people started understanding the ill effects of the chemicals and fertilizers on health. And with the help and initiative of Ladakh Environment and Health Organisation (LEHO) people of Takmachik understood the importance of organic farming method and adopted for a sustainable and better future.
To harvest and cultivate the best quality crops adopting organic farming method is the most important and need of the hour.
Q. Tell us about Eco-Model village Takmachik. How and when it was adopted?
The launch of Eco-Model village Takmachik is an initiative of Ladakh Environment and Health Organisation (LEHO), LAHDC and villagers and was inaugurated and blessed by His Holiness Chetsang Rinpoche on March 17, 2015. The aim is to promote organic cultivation and leading towards sustainable development. The concept of Agriculture and tourism was closely knit to create income generation opportunities among the villagers.
With the help of LEHO, we first started the organic farming in the year 2011 and the certificate of local group registration under Participatory Guarantee System-India, an organic guarantee program was received on June 26, 2017.
The reason being Takmachik was adopted is because the village is not depended or linked with any other village for irrigation. Since it is near the source of water and there is no possibility of contaminated water and the size of the village was easily manageable.
The initiative of the concerned department and the willingness of the villagers all together contributed in making the organic farming successful.
Q. What are the positive and negative changes seen after adopting organic farming method?
The initial years after adopting organic farming method made the farmers of Takmachik disappointed. When we cultivated our annual production, the size and quantity of crops and vegetables made us rethink and we literally commented saying, “What made us adopt this.” For a year or two the farmers bear heavy losses and every time there were discussions among us whether to go for it or give up. But gradually with time, the soil started becoming loose and fertile thus, coming back to the old forms and the production started getting better. Prior to the organic farming method, there was a utilization of chemicals and fertilizers which made the soil hard.
In the beginning, after adopting the organic farming method there was a huge loss which was for a short time. But talking about the long term it has lots of positive impacts. Because of the organic farming method, we are producing healthy and nutritious food and the income of the farmers have increased. The cultivated food items of Takmachik are valued more and there is a greater scope in the global market. Now, farmers have started exploring more crops, fruits and vegetables, land became more fertile and the produces are tastier and healthier.
People are more interested in the method after seeing the positive changes and today we are setting an example to other parts of the region.
Q. Today Takmachik village is a living an example of organic farming for many. How is it ensured to make it successful?
The organic quality assurance is controlled locally based on the personal integrity and peer pressure. The whole village is divided into four Participatory Guarantee System (PGS) group which comprises of 18-20 members and above it comes the Organic Marketing Group with 4 to 5 members selected from the PGS group.
The PGS group or the local group of farmers ensures check and balance that no one uses chemicals or fertilizers in fields. The group visits each other fields and ensures the product fully organic. Whereas, the organic marketing group is responsible for the quality check, packaging, collection and distribution of the product and to distribute the income to the farmers.
If anyone found violating the rules and regulation a fine will be charged.
Q. What are the fruits, vegetables and cash crop cultivated and where it is distributed?
Takmachik has a very fertile soil which proves boon to the farmer because whatever is sown is easily grown. We have two cultivating seasons annually. The first crop season starts in mid of March and second in the month of June –July.
Earlier, the variety of productivity was very limited but today, we cultivate wheat, peas, barley and buckwheat in crops and along with locally grown vegetables like turnip, radish, and cabbage seasonal vegetables like brinjal, capsicum and tomatoes are easily grown. In fruits varieties of apricot and apples, plum, cherries, walnut and watermelon are grown. Watermelon of Takmachik became famous in Ladakh because of it sugar sweet watery taste and size.
Apricot is exported outside as per their demand whereas the rest are sold locally.
Q. Tell us about the market scope and facilities available. How much income is earned by selling organic products?
After organic farming adoption in the village, the market scope have increased. The scope and potential of buckwheat along with different other crops and vegetables made people cultivate and earn income from it. Most of the customers from different areas and foreigners visit the village and buy the products directly from us.
To make sure the quality of the products, proper packaging is done also the apricots are dried hygienically under the drier provided by the LEHO to protect the fruit from rain and dust thus maintaining the quality and taste.
The income of the farmers has increased more than double after selling the organic products. Also, the cultivation of watermelon proved very profitable. We have grown the fruit on 2 kanals of land and earned around 70 to 80 thousand. Also, an apricot which was earlier sold at ₹ 200 per kg is now getting a rate of around ₹500. An annual income of the farmer increased from ₹ 1 Lakh to 3 Lakh nearly.
Q. How do you manage the disease, pests, and other problems? What pest control methods do you use on your farm?
In the organic farming method, proper management, use of good water, proper sanitation and manure is very important to manage the disease, pests, and other problems. To control pest in the vegetables we spray garlic water, a mixture of kerosene and water on onions etc. Neem oil is used to control the insects on orchards.
Q. Tell us about your experience to Sweden tour on organic farming method.
In the year 2013, with the help and initiative of Ladakh Environment and Health Organisation (LEHO) a farmer exposure tour for organic farming to Sweden was arranged for 21 days. Three of us went and explored. It was a very good exposure where we learned the importance and value of organic farming.
There were many things to learn from them about various techniques and method.
Q. The practice of animal rearing is hardly adopted nowadays by the people because of which there is a lack of farmyard manure availability. Do you think it hampers the focus on 100% organic farming?
The change in lifestyle along with time is indeed posing a threat to the sustainability because people are choosing a modern lifestyle over traditional. Organic farming is more of a traditional way of farming but yes the availability of natural manure is very important. Earlier, farmers were self-sufficient with the farmyard manures because they used to rear animals along with farming activities but, nowadays the migration to urban areas for education, job and other things made people to give up the old practices. Also, the traditional local toilet is replaced by the flush system one.
Yes, lack of natural manures will definitely impede going organic but it’s people understanding and willingness to promote and practice organic farming. There are different ways and methods to compost manure. Organic farming is very much possible to practice by all if people are made aware of its importance and value.
Q. How the farmers of Takmachik fulfilled the manure requirement?
The need of the manure for the farming is fulfilled by the farmyard and local toilet manure of every household and also gets it from Changthang region. Today because of the effort of LEHO, every house does compost method which is also very beneficial.
Q. What are the various challenges and obstacle faced by the farmers of the region?
The declining trend of agriculture practice is becoming a major challenge. Today, farming is not carried out by generation to generation like in past years. Families are becoming nuclear from joint, migration of young people from rural areas in search of job and education leaving behind the old people in villages and changing lifestyle is causing a decline in the agriculture practice.
There is a need for market scope and facilities to sell the products in order to generate income. More scope and opportunities need to be explored to create interest among the young generation to engage in it.
Q. Urban migration and shifting from the land-based economy are becoming a major reason for the decline in agriculture practice. How can we revive and sustain the agriculture practices for sustainable development?
Agriculture system needs to become more productive and must be pursued from a holistic and integrated perspective. There is a need to make the younger generation aware of dependence, importance and scope in agriculture so that the interest can be gained. The traditional farming knowledge needs to be imparted along with the modern scientific technologies with proper demonstration and training among the farmers to increase the productivity and explore more varieties of crops and vegetables to grow.
More production with increased technology will make us self-sustainable and it is very important to understand by all that we cannot just sit and rely on food items distributed under Public Distribution system. It is always better to be self-sustainable.
Together, we must mobilize scientific, technological and social movements to address these challenges together.
Q. Tell us about the advantages and disadvantages of climate change in the agriculture sector in Ladakh?
The farmers of Ladakh are mostly dependent on glacier water and snow for irrigating the fields and because of the rise in temperature, streams are dried up in some areas and at some places, the sudden change in the supply of water is causing damages to the crops. Untimely snowfall is causing water scarcity. The warm temperature is also causing more risk of plant diseases, weeds and pest, thus, damaging the orchards and crops.
But along with the negative impact, there is a positive side also. Ladakh being a cold region, limited varieties of crops are grown. But it seems that with the increase in temperature today more varieties of crops and vegetables are cultivated and also tend to grow faster. Today seasonal vegetables and fruits like, capsicum, brinjal, watermelon, plum are easily grown.
But in the long run, climate change needs to be addressed on time because it could adversely affect agriculture with the increasing risk of water scarcity for irrigation.
Q. How important is it to engage young educated youths in agriculture sector?
Agriculture is the biggest sector but somehow it is not valued. The young educated youths do not find this sector cool and attractive enough. It is wrongly taken as a big no for the educated youth. Taking my life as an example, I studied till class 12th and for me, initially leaving my studies for farming was an embarrassing and unhappy moment.
But if we look deeply and think I feel if an educated youth engages in the agriculture sector, one can contribute and change massively.
An educated youth can access new forms of agriculture-based enterprise, they can bring innovation in the farming method, new technologies thus increasing income. They can think and explore marketing opportunities, identifying the potentials and career options in farming.
Takmachik is adopted as an Eco Model village and because of which the tourist influx is increasing every year. I being educated a little find it easy to communicate with the foreign guest visiting the village. If one is educated, more are the accessibility and it becomes very easy to understand and convey the ideas and feelings.
Q. How can we develop the agriculture sector?
Agriculture sector can be developed if people are willing to work and promote it genuinely. There is a need for more innovation and creativity to bring positive changes by conducting awareness campaign, exposure tours and farmers training. Market scope and opportunities are very important to encourage the farming activities and also to generate income.
The knowledge of farming method its importance and value need to be imparted to the young children to make them attached to their roots along with the modern lifestyle.
Message to the reader
Agriculture is a very important sector passed on by our ancestors for survival in this difficult terrain, but with the growing urbanization, change in lifestyle, facilities and schemes it is declining. Working in the field is simply not cool for the educated youths, but there is a need to understand and explore. There is an ample of opportunities and potential in agriculture to generate income and create a job opportunity.
Moreover, if we are focusing on sustainable development than going ORGANIC is a must. | http://reachladakh.com/news/in-conversation-with-reach-ladakh/in-conversation-with-stanzin-dolkar-farmer-takmachik-village |
The teaching and research unit Gladbacherhof at the Villmar site primarily serves research and teaching in the field of organic farming.
The task of the Gladbacherhof is to produce food and animal feed in a way that is as environmentally and resource-friendly as possible. This requires management that is more strongly based on the internal nutrient cycles on the farm and uses self-regulating forces on the farm as far as possible. This includes the preservation and creation of a richly structured cultural landscape with its ecologically valuable animal and plant communities. The focus of the study is on crop rotation and soil cultivation in organic farming, on ways to improve the baking quality of wheat, on the cultivation of legumes and on long-term effects on the nutrient balance of organically farmed arable land.
Facilities and location
- 100 ha arable land, 60 ha permanent grassland in organic farming
- 90 cows (black), own calf and heifer rearing,
- 100 laying hens
Climate
(according to DWD climate maps, 1x1km long term average 1981-2010):
- Precipitation: 680 mm/a
- Average annual temperature: 10°C
- Climatic water balance: 80 mm/a
Soil
Luvisols, pararendzina in silt rich soils
Selected publications
- Schulz, Franz, et al. "Development of soil organic matter stocks under different farm types and tillage systems in the Organic Arable Farming Experiment Gladbacherhof." Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 60.3 (2014): 313-326.
- Schmidt, H., F. Schulz, and G. Leithold. "Organic Farming Trial Gladbacherhof. Effects of different crop rotations and tillage systems." Long-term Field Experiments in Organic Farming. ISOFAR Scient. Series (2006): 165-182. | https://www.uni-giessen.de/faculties/f09/research/asrf/overview/gladbacherhof?set_language=en |
Jørgensen, Uffe; Dalgaard, Tommy and Kristensen, Erik Steen (2005) Biomass energy in organic farming - the potential role of short rotattion coppice. Biomass & Bioenergy, 28 (2), pp. 237-248.
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Summary
One of the aims of organic farming is to “reduce the use of non-renewable resources (e.g. fossil fuels) to a minimum”. So far, however, only very little progress has been made to introduce renewable energy in organic farming. This paper presents energy balances of Danish organic farming compared with energy balances of conventional farming. In general, the conversion to organic farming leads to a lower energy use (approximately 10% per unit of product). But the production of energy in organic farming is very low compared with the extensive utilisation of straw from conventional farming in Denmark (energy content of straw used for energy production was equivalent to 18% of total energy input in Danish agriculture in 1996).
Biomass is a key energy carrier with a good potential for on-farm development. Apart from utilising farm manure and crop residues for biogas production, the production of nutrient efficient short rotation coppice (SRC) is an option in organic farming. Alder (Alnus spp.) is an interesting crop due to its symbiosis with the actinomycete Frankia, which has the ability to fix up to 185 kg/ha nitrogen (N2) from the air. Yields obtained at different European sites are presented and the R&D needed to implement energy cropping in organic farming is discussed.
Possible win–win solutions for SRC production in organic farming that may facilitate its implementation are; the protection of ground water quality in intensively farmed areas, utilisation of wastewater for irrigation, or combination with outdoor animal husbandry such as pigs or poultry. | https://orgprints.org/3959/ |
A successful public-private partnership in Cook Islands is helping the country realise its plans to revitalise agriculture by developing organic farming. The partnership is this week (3-8 May) being highlighted at a meeting of the Pacific Organic and Ethical Trade Community (POETCom) in Papeete, French Polynesia.The Cook Islands delegation is led by Associate Minister Hon. Kiariau Turepu; Director of Agriculture, Mr Anthony Brown; and the President of the Titikaveka Growers Association and founding POETCom member, Mr Teava Iro.
Mr Anthony Brown took the floor to describe the successful and innovative public-private partnership, which has the aim of promoting 'green growth' in balmy Cook Islands. His presentation allowed POETCom members to examine how such an initiative can contribute to national plans to commit to organic and biological agriculture.
The Cook Islands National Sustainable Development Strategy states, 'Unlocking potential from our agricultural production is best achieved by revitalising agriculture through better partnerships between government and farmers, and our efforts to revitalise agriculture will be based upon the principles of biological/organic production and its best practices, aligned to our desire for green growth'. This led to five policy initiatives for the Ministry of Agriculture in 2011 and 2012, one of which was to promote and support biological/organic agriculture for Cook Islands.
Mr Brown, describing Cook Islands' journey towards embracing organic and biological agriculture, said the process had humble beginnings when the Ministry acknowledged a 'lack of experience' in organic farming. Subsequently, the Ministry addressed this lack of technical capacity by engaging local partner, Titikaveka Growers Association (TGA), which has vast experience in organic and biological farming. A memorandum of understanding (MOU) formalised this union, with the Ministry of Agriculture funding a consultant to develop a framework with TGA.
To realise the full potential of this new agriculture paradigm, farmers need support in terms of inputs and infrastructure. This became the first challenge - to develop an enabling environment to facilitate the new direction, and invest in infrastructure.
NZAID assisted TGA to build a compost facility to recycle organic waste in many forms to serve as feeders for manure application, liquid fertilizer and seed raising mix for a nursery.
TGA also manages a nursery for development of food crops . This was funded by the Adventist Development Agency and supported by two technicians from the Ministry of Agriculture.
In capacity training, the ongoing farmer training programme is proving successful in developing skills in organic farming. The initiative adopts the soil school extension method, with training provided by National Environment Services, Organic Matters Foundation and the Ministry of Agriculture.
All the actors along the organic farming value chain are helping Cook Island farmers with their transition to organic and biological agriculture and contributing to the island nation's green development agenda.
The POETCom meeting is funded by the Government of French Polynesia, assisted by the French Pacific Fund, and organized in partnership with local POETCom body Eden Parc. The Secretariat of the Pacific Community, through the EU Increasing Agricultural Commodities Trade (IACT) project, is also supporting the meeting, in line with the project objective of strengthening the technical capacity of governments and the private sector to increase market access and penetration for niche and value-added products. | https://www.solomontimes.com/news/cook-islands-grows-green-through-publicprivate-partnership/6942 |
New plans to support organic farmers in Wales have been set out by the Minister for Natural Resources and Food, Alun Davies. This follows the recent consultationsee responses here
In a statement to Assembly Members, Alun Davies emphasised how important organic farming was to the future of Wales’ agricultural sector and highlighted that organic status invariably added value to products and resulted in greater environmental sustainability.
However the Minister acknowledged that the last few years had been challenging for the organic sector. He said:
“We know that the economic downturn has had a negative affect on organic sales across the UK but during this difficult period I have sought to re-assure organic farmers that the Welsh Government will continue to recognise the benefits of organic farming.
“Back in 2011 I set out my intention to ensure Wales has a stand alone scheme to support organic farmers under the next Rural Development Programme, and last year I asked a consortium, led by the Organic Research Centre to consult with organic producers and advise me on what a new scheme under the next RDP should look like.
“We have since consulted on those proposals and I am now in a position to provide more detail of our new scheme to support organic farming.
“Importantly the scheme includes increased support for training and modernisation. This has been made possible by my decision to transfer 15% of CAP budget from Pillar 1 to Pillar 2 and will help us to build resilience and long term sustainability into Wales’ organic farming sector.
“I hope the new scheme provides re-assurance to organic farmers across Wales that this Government remains committed to the principles of organic farming as an important part of our wider strategy for agriculture and will ensure that organic farming develops in way that is sustainable and contributes to the future prosperity of rural Wales.”
Under the new arrangements:
Read the Minister’s statement here
Sign up to ORC’s e-bulletin and be the first to receive updates from our in-the-field research and the latest organic and agroecological news and events. Delivered to your inbox monthly. | https://www.organicresearchcentre.com/news-events/news/new-scheme-to-support-organic-farmers-in-wales/ |
In old times, ancestors of the Baiyue people (southern China) grew glutinous rice in marshes. Marshland flourished with micro-organisms, plants and animals, which co-existed harmoniously in interdependent relationships. “Fish farming in paddy fields” is a way to continue the ancient farming methods of the people of Baiyue.
In Liufang village in Guizhou, Dong people have long been practicing rice-duck-fish integrated farming. Paddy fields are used as the basis of this mode of farming, which has not only a cultural but ecological value in terms of the harmonious co-existence of human beings and nature. Dong people love glutinous rice and have grown it for generations. In festivals, every family makes traditional food such as glutinous rice wine, zongzi (steamed glutinous rice wrapped in leaves of reed, bamboo or lotus) and glutinous rice baba (fried rice cakes). Carps raised in the fields are marinated and prepared as sour fish, a special dish that villagers serve important guests. Integrated farming has contributed to sustainable agriculture systems which are both natural and thriving.
Since 2005, PCD has worked with villagers on organic farming practices. Drawing on the traditional knowledge and wisdom of the Dong people in Liufang, organic rice cultivation was based on the principles of “rice-duck-fish” integrated farming.
Due to the favorable ecological conditions and traditional farming habits, villagers rarely used chemical pesticides in the past. However, in recent years a few families have used some chemical fertilizers to overcome labour shortages resulting from villagers leaving for other work.
The beautiful Liufang village
Favorable ecological conditions, good timing and villagers’ concerted effort all contributed to the Liufang Organic Agriculture Association registering at the County Civil Affairs Bureau in 2006. Villagers subsequently built their own organic production management system. They gradually eliminated all use of hazardous chemicals. In 2005, only 12 households took part in organic rice farming. By 2006, all 538 mu of rice paddies were farmed organically. After a short period of 3 years, rice produced in Liufang was certified as an organic product by the Nanjing Organic Farming Development Centre.
When He Zong-mei, the vice-chairperson of Liufang Organic Farming Association, first learnt about organic farming, she found that it was very similar to the Dong people’s traditional way of rice-duck-fish farming in paddy fields. The only difference was that they had used some pesticides and organic fertilizers in the field. After 3 years of organic farming, she has become very aware of the taste and benefits of organic products. She told us with pride that the pigs she owned ate healthy food and were reared organically.
When ancient ways have demonstrated their effectiveness, we have more reasons to believe that rice can be grown without the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. This is not only an ecological issue but it is also about creating a sustainable livelihood for farmers.
Words in picture:
Leaves to protect fish from their natural enemies;
The water is two inches deep. If it is too shallow, the ducks would eat the fish.
Fish nest: fish can hide here when water is being drained from the paddy field.
Photo caption: when harvesting, ditches are dug in the field and the fish are caught in the ditches. | http://www.pcd.org.hk/en/work/ecological-agriculture-fish-farming-paddy-fields-liping-guizhou-continuing-ancient-farming |
Long term readers of this blog will know that although I am strongly opposed to the unfolding disaster that is Brexit, I have also been a consistent critic of the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP).
Through its complex and costly system of grants the CAP has effectively subsidised intensive farming, exacerbated global food inequality, and favoured large agri-businesses and landowners over small scale and organic farmers. It has also rewarded already very rich people simply for owning land.
So it was with much interest that I read the UK government’s newly published document, “The Path to Sustainable Farming: An Agricultural Transition Plan 2021 to 2024”, in which it sets out how the UK will support and develop farming practices after we leave the EU and the CAP.
There are things to welcome in “Path to Sustainable Farming”. In particular, its recognition of the need for better soil management and for more tree planting, and its stated intention to reward farmers who produce food in a way that is environmentally sustainable.
But there are also important things missing from the document. One of these is the protection of our current food standards after we leave the EU. Although the document refers to promoting high standards, the government has consistently failed to put those standards in law, and no such commitment appears in “Path to Sustainable Farming”.
And given that the document states that soil management and regeneration is essential for long term food security, it is astonishing that it refers to organic practices just twice (and very briefly), and does not include support for organic farmers in its long-term funding plans.
This is of course a government that is notoriously strong on rhetoric and weak on detail, and this document follows that familiar pattern. At best it is a mere skeleton of a plan, with the flesh to be put on its bones in due course. However, the document’s failure to defend food standards through legislation or to include financial support for organic farming must leave open to question the stated aim of transitioning to a more sustainable approach to farming.
As always, we consumers are key. If we take the time to check the provenance of the food we eat, and insist on buying only food that has been produced using sustainable practices, we can play a big role in forcing through the long overdue changes that are needed to make our farming sector truly sustainable.
This recipe, in which all the ingredients used are organic, is for a lovely, very easy side dish which would happily grace any festive dinner table.
Coating the parsnips in a polenta and sage mixture gives them a delicious flavour and a perfect crispness
parsnips with polenta and sage
Ingredients
500 g parsnips
50 g polenta
1½ tsp dried sage
½ tsp sea salt
20 ml maple syrup
60 ml extra virgin olive oil
Method
1. Pre-heat the oven to 180°C (350°F, gas mark 4). Place the polenta, sea salt and sage in a bowl and mix to combine. Whisk the olive oil and maple syrup together.
2. Bring a pan of water to the boil. Peel and quarter the parsnips, removing the woody stems with a sharp knife, then place them in the pan of boiling water. Bring back to the boil and cook for three minutes. Drain the parsnips the, while they are still hot and steaming, roll them in the polenta and sage mixture until they are all fully coated.
3. Pour the olive oil and maple syrup mixture into a deep roasting dish. Place the coated parsnips in the tray and then roast in the oven for 35 minutes or until golden, turning them over around half way through. Serve immediately.
Categories: dairy free, gluten free, vegan, vegetarian
Tags: Brexit, Common Agricultural Policy, European Union, food security, organic, sustainability
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Visiting your blog is always a pleasure. Keep up the high food standard !!! Thanks For Sharing !!! | https://circusgardener.com/2020/12/16/parsnips-with-polenta-and-sage/ |
A discussion of the management styles used by organic farmers in Australia.
# 6036 | 1,900 words | 6 sources | MLA | 2001 |
Published on Feb 09, 2003 in Business (Management) , Public Administration (General) , Agricultural Studies (General)
$19.95 Buy and instantly download this paper now
Description:
This paper examines the systems of management and authority practiced in Australia with regard to organic farming. In order to be considered a registered organic farmer, strict rules need to be followed. This paper discusses these regulations and interviews individual farmers about their reactions and attitudes.
From the Paper:"The attitudes that prevail in organic farming in Australia are not surprising if we look to other work on broad dimensions of Australian culture, dimensions that we should certainly expect to see reflected in management style. One such index to cultural dimensions that is widely used is Hofstede's dimensions. Hofstede created a quantitative method for measuring aspects of culture that extend widely across different arenas such as a value for individualism as opposed to collectivism and "masculine" as opposed to "feminine" traits."
Cite this Essay: | https://www.academon.com/essay/organic-farming-in-australia-6036/ |
The Bengal Agriculture department is organising a three-day-long Jaibo Krishi Mela at Bidhan Sishu Udyan in Ultadanga which started on Saturday.
Purnendu Basu, the state Agriculture minister said that the department had received a proposal from the authorities of Bidhan Sishu Udyan to take up some projects in the vacant place of their organisation.
The state Agriculture department has extended all necessary support by providing expertise to initiate organic farming on around three bighas of the vacant land. There are around 300 coconut trees and waterbodies where the project has been taken up. Every Sunday, the produce gets sold in a weekly market. Farmers from many villages visit the weekly market to sell the organic vegetables. Now, the initiative has been taken to organise a fair at Bidhan Sishu Udyan where there will be around 50 stalls to exhibit organic vegetables and machineries used for farming. The basic idea to organise the fair is to create awareness among the urban populace about the good effects of having organic vegetables. Since it is taking place in a “sishu udyan”, the theme of the fair is “Save the children, save the mankind with organic practice”.
The initiative has been taken to encourage farmers into organic farming. There will also be quiz competitions, debates and cultural activities in the fair to create awareness on organic farming. Newly-developed tools that could be used for better farming will be displayed in the fair too. Kalyani University students have invented a tool using which one can easily climb up a coconut tree. Many such machinery will be displayed in the fair. One cannot buy the machinery or tools from the fair but they can get to know as to where can they buy the tools and machinery from. | https://aitcofficial.org/aitc/krishi-mela-to-create-awareness-about-organic-farming/ |
This set of presentations from the conference on Outstanding Organic Agriculture Techniques held during September 2009 at Bangalore deals with methods for promoting plant health through organic farming.
Healthy fields: Managing plant health
This presentation by S R Sundaraman of Tamil Nadu Farmers Technology Association, Erode on managing plant health begins with an account of the techniques that can be employed in TNRH 29 rice through organic SRI methods. The following are recommended in harvesting stage – (a) four irrigations with fruit gaudi (b) two applications of MEM (c) application of four sprays and (d) four applications of parasites. The growth promoters used are Archea solution, Concentrated Amudham Sol, Panchakavya, Butter Milk Sol, Fish/Egg Extract, Leaf Extract Solution-pest control and TFPE-MN Supplements. Apart from rice, the other crops dealt with are maize, kadali banana, turmeric, sugarcane and vegetables.
How to make soil Amrut Mitti (Fertile nursery soil)
This paper by Deepak Suchde describes how to produce living soil on our farms. This soil is needed in fields that have become degraded either from previous use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides or simply through neglect. The methods recommended in this paper are based on Prof. Dabholkar’s tried and tested scientific experiments in which he has shown that assured, calculated results can be obtained, if basic principles of preparing nutrient rich soil (Amrut Mitti), harvesting maximum sunlight and monitoring proper root growth are followed. He has termed this science ‘Natueco Farming.’
Studying this will help us prepare our own Amrut Mitti by using the resources available in our environment. This is a simple science which will bring prosperity to all. We are using nature’s bounty without destroying Mother Earth and in the process growing organic fruit, vegetable and grain, all wholesome and free from poisons. By doing so the farmer will become the caretaker of the earth in a real sense.
Life in the soil
This presentation by Sultan Ahmed Ismail of Ecoscience Research Foundation, Chennai deals with soil biota. After an account on the general proportion of components in a healthy soil, it details the soil organisms for purposes such as for nitrogen fixation. The importance of animals (and of biogas slurry) in agriculture which promotes soil life is highlighted. The adverse effect of tillage through tractors such as soil compaction which impacts soil growth is discussed. The impact of heavy chemical inputs and no mulch on soil and of burning of agro-waste on fields leading to destruction of microbes is presented.
Analysis of liquid manures and their use
This presentation by Dr N Deva Kumar, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore is based on analytical studies of Beejamrutha, Jeevamrutha and Panchagavya. It begins with a discussion on preparation of these, their nutrient content in terms of N, P, K, pH, Mn and Cu, microbial studies of Beejamrutha and Jeevamrutha. The use of liquid manures in rice and fieldbean is dealt with. The presentation also deals with seedling treatment, application of Jeevamrutha, spraying of Panchagavya at different stages of crop growth, mulching at different crop growth stages. It also discusses the effect of organic farming and the Palekar method, Panchgavya method, seedling treatment of cultivation on yield of paddy including straw yield etc.
Panchgavya: A versatile potentiator for living beings
This presentation by Dr K Natarajan, President, Rural Community Action Centre, Erode begins with an account of the variants of organic farming - organic agriculture, green culture, natural farming, do nothing farming, bio dynamic farming, permaculture etc. The need for panchgavya is discussed such as, in growth promoting hormones, impressive yield, immunity booster, free of diseases and to obtain high profit. The presentation then deals with modified panchagavya for plants, animals and human beings. The physico-chemical and biological properties of panchagavya as analysed at TNAU are discussed.
Earthworms for organic farmers
This paper by Sultan Ahmed Ismail, discusses the positive effect of earthworms on the physical, chemical and biological parameters of the soils. The earthworm is a soil biotechnologist and a solid waste manager. Earthworms are known to consume large quantities of organic litter or waste and convert them into manure, which is used as valuable compost, known as ‘vermicompost’. The paper deals with some facts about earthworms, its life cycle, its classification into surface dwellers and sub-surface dwellers, the identification of worm-inhabited soils by observing earthworm castings on the soil surface. It also deals with vermicomposting as a scientific process of organised decomposition with the assistance of several soil organisms under proper conditions of moisture and aeration. This has been successfully implemented for domestic use, agricultural use, and in several other places in organic waste management. The paper concludes with a section on frequently asked questions about earthworms.
Role of Termites in Organic Farming
This presentation by Dr Pachegaonkar, Ex. Deputy Director of Department of Animal Husbandry, Latur, Maharashtra deals with the role of termites in agriculture. Termites are small antlike social soil animals of the order of Isoptera. The presentation attempts to dispel the notion that termites are notorious for their voracious appetite for Lignocelluloses i.e. timber, wood, cotton, jute and paper etc causing damages more than earthquake and fire. It highlights how termites are important in rehabilitations of degraded soil, survival of forest by recycling nutrients taken from soil by trees and plants.
Download all the 7 presentations: | https://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/promoting-plant-health-and-living-soil-organic-natural-sustainable-agriculture |
In 2017, seven percent of all agricultural land in Europe was used for organic farming. Organic farming was particularly popular in Austria, where nearly one-quarter of the total farmland was used for organic production. In comparison, Iceland and Malta only used a mere 0.4 percent of their agricultural land for organic farming, and this number was only slightly higher in Ireland and Romania.
Despite the popularity of organic farming in Austria, it was neighboring Switzerland which topped the ranking of the per capita expenditure on organic groceries, at an impressive 337 U.S. dollars per person, before Denmark and Sweden. The share of organic farmland was well above the European average in all these countries too though, at 19.2 percent in Sweden, 14.5 percent in Switzerland and 8.6 percent in Denmark.
Next Tropical Cyclones Due Most Damage in the U.S. | http://www.pakistaneconomist.com/2019/02/11/austria-leads-the-way-in-organic-farming/ |
How do you find simple interest of something?
I have a problem like this: JJ borrowed 21,000 dollars for a car, the finance company gave him an interest rate of 11.4% for 5 years how much will he pay over a 5 year period??
The problem here is that this is not simple interest....the amount he owes changes with each payment, so the interest on the outstanding balance changes also with each payment.
Assuming monthly payments, five years is sixty months. 11.4 percent is 11.4/12 for each month.
Where A is the monthly amount of payment, n is the periods (60), i is the interest rate (11.4/12), P is the present value (21000).
A comes out to be 460.79 per month, so the total payments is 27,647.40.
Since your problem is not a simple interest problem but rather a compound interest problem, the following should help you determine what you seek.
What is the annual payment required to retire a debt of P dollars in n years if payments start at the end of the first year and bear I% interest compounded annually?
For this typical loan payment calculation, R = i/[1 - (1 +i)^(-n)] where R = the periodic payment, P = the amount borrowed, n = the number of payment periods, and i = I/100.
R = 10000(.006666)/[1.006666)^-60] = $202.76 per month.
The total amount paid back becomes 202.76(60) = $12,165.60, a saving of $357.22 by paying monthly.
My apologies for leaving out the P term in the payment formula.
What is the periodic payment required to retire a debt of P dollars in n periods (months or years) if payments start at the end of the first period and bear I% interest compounded periodically?
For this typical loan payment calculation, R = Pi/[1 - (1 +i)^(-n)] where R = the periodic payment, P = the amount borrowed, n = the number of payment periods, and i = I/100.
Simple interest is defined as Principal x Interest Rate per unit time x Number of units of time or I = Pin where I is the interest on a principal P at an interest rate of i per period for n periods. The interest rate is expressed as a decimal. For example, the simple interest for one year on $100 at a 5% annual interest rate (per year) is $100 x .05 x 1 = $5. The interest on $100 at a 5% annual interest rate for two years is $100 x .05 x 2 = $10. The interest on $100 at a 6% annual interest rate for one year, but paid monthly, is $100 x .06/12 x 12 = 50 cents per month x 12 = $6 for the year.
Steve Marino borrowed $500 from his credit union for 2 years. The simple that he paid was $52.90. What simple interest rate was Jeff charged? | https://www.jiskha.com/questions/144/How-do-you-find-simple-interest-of-something-I-have-a-problem-like-this-JJ-borrowed |
Ben invests $19,500 at 12% interest compounded quarterly for 10 years. Calculate the compound amount for his investment.
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businesss math
Refer to Narrative 11-1. Calculate The compound interest on an investment of $7,500 at 8% intrest, compounded quarterly, for 8 years
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algebra
determine the amount of an investment if $500 is invested at an interest rate of 4.25% compounded quarterly for 12 years?
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Math/Compound Interest
1. Use the compound interest table to find the compound amount earned on a $5,900 deposit for 10 years at 10% compounded semiannually. _____________________________________ A. 9,610.45 b. 15,654.47 c. 3,710.45 d. 12,375.66 2.
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PreCalc
Which investment option will pay the most interest? A. 12.6% compounded annually B. 12.4% compounded semiannually C. 12.2% compounded quarterly D. 12.0% compounded continuously E. These investments all pay the same amount of
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Algebra
An investment grows according to the exponential equation y = 15,000 · 1.07x, where x is the number of years invested. Which of the following statements is true? A. The investment will continue to grow at a rate of 7% per year
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math
An amount of $5000 is invested at an interest rate of 7% per year, compounded quarterly. Find the value A(t) of the investment after t years.
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Alg 2
Suppose you deposit a principal amount of p dollars in a bank account that pays compound interest. If the annual interest rate r (expressed as a decimal) and the bank makes interest payments n times every year, the amount of money
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finance
Jose invests $4000 in an investment account paying 8% annually for 12 years. Suppose the interest was compounded quarterly instead of annually. How much would the future value of the investment increase? Enter your answer as a
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math
Compute the compound quarterly amount after 1 year for $100 invested at 12% interest compounded quarterly. What simple interest rate will yield the same amount in 2 years?
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12th grade Math - word problems
#1.) The population of bacteria after t hours is given by P(t) = 500/(1+83.33e^-0.162t) a.) What is the initial population? b.) When will the amount of bacteria in the population be 12? #2.) Which investment yields the greater
You can view more similar questions or ask a new question. | https://www.jiskha.com/questions/1040599/the-compound-amount-on-an-investment-of-8-500-at-12-interest-compounded-quarterly-for |
CMAT 2016 Study Material: How to solve Quantitative Techniques?
In CMAT 2019 “Quantitative Techniques” section will have 25 questions comprising of 100 marks.
Ram invested `2,500 each in two investment schemes viz. Compound Interest Scheme, interest being compounded annually and Simple Interest Scheme. If the difference between the CI and SI is`100 after 2 years, what is the rate of interest per annum, if it is same for both the schemes?
Three parts of 32% H2SO4 is mixed with ‘n’ parts of 20% H2SO4 to form a 24.5% H2SO4 solution. What is the value of ‘n’? | https://www.mbarendezvous.com/cmat/how-to-solve-quantitative-techniques/ |
What is the time value of money?
Indicates a relationship between time and money- that a dollar received today is worth more than a dollar promised at some time in the future due to the opportunity to invest today's dollar and earn interest on the investment
Define and Calculate
Simple Interest
Simple interest is money earned on the principal only
Interest = p x i x n
where p= principal
i= annual interest rate
n= number of periods
Define
Compound Interest
Interest is calculated on the principal
AND
the interest
FV = PV (FVF
n,i
)
Future Value of a single sum where
FV= future value
PV= present value
FVF
n,i
= future value factor for
n
periods at
i
interest
Present value of a single sum
PV = FV (PVF
n,i
)
where
PV= present value
FV= future value
PVF
n,i
= present value factor for
n
periods at
i
interest
Future value of a single sum
FV = PV (FVF
n,i
)
Present Value of an Annuity Due
PV-AD = R (1 + i) PVF-OA
n,i
Future value of an Annuity Due
FV-AD = R (1 + i) (FVF-OA
n,i
)
Future Value of an Ordinary Annuity
FV-OA = R (FVF-OA
n,i
)
Present value of an Ordinary Annuity
PV-OA = R (PVF-OA
n,i
)
The 3 components of interest
PURE rate of interest
EXPECTED INFLATION rate of interest
CREDIT RISK rate of interest
PURE rate of interest
The amount a lender would charge if there were no possibilities of default and no expectation of inflation
EXPECTED inflation rate of interest
Interest rates are increased in an inflationary economy to compensate for the loss in purchasing power of the dollars they are being repaid.
CREDIT RISK rate of interest
The rate of interest based on an enterprise's financial stability, profitability, etc.
What are the primary characteristics of an annuity?
An annuity involves EQUAL payments, called RENTS, made at REGULAR time intervals and earns compounding interest. The rents can occur at the beginning (Annuity due) or end (OA) of the time period.
How is the Future/Present value of an OA table used to determine the FV/PV of an Annuity Due?
The factor (1 + i) is figured into the OA formulas.
Applications of time value concepts in accounting
notes
leases
pensions
long-term assets
sinking funds
business combinations
disclosures
installment contracts
How are the number of periods (n) and rate of interest for a single period (i) determined for the time value formulas?
n is the # of compounding periods. For 3 years, annual n=3, semi ann n=6 and quarterly n=12
i is the interest rate for a single period. For a 10% rate, if compounded annually, i = 10%, if semiannually, i = 5%
What is effective yield/interest rate
The interest earned divided by the principal gives the effective yield.
What is discounting?
The fact that the present value is always a smaller amount than the known future value because the company moves backward in time
What is accumulation?
The process of determining a future value by moving forward in time
How are long-term bonds valued?
There are 2 cash flows:
periodic interest pmts
principle (face value) paid at maturity
The periodic pmts represent an annuity
The principal is a single sum problem
Valuation sums the two
How does the effective-interest method of amortization of a bond discount or premium work?
The bond discount or premium is written off to interest expense over the life of the bond. | https://freezingblue.com/flashcards/37325/preview/chapter-6 |
You split $1500 between two savings accounts. Account A pays annual 5% interest and Account B pays 4% annual interest. After one year,you have earned a total of $69.50 in interest. How much money did you invest in each account?
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Math
A person deposited $500 in a savings account that pays 5% annual interest that is compounded yearly. At the end of the 10 years, how much money will be in the savings account?
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differential equation
If P(t) is the amount of dollars in a savings bank account that pays a yearly interest rate of r% compounded continuously ,then dP/dt=(r/100)(P) , t in years . Assume the interest is 5% annually ,P(0)=$1000 ,and no monies are
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Math help! Check my answers ASAP!
1. Which graph most likely describes the distance a person walks in a 24-hour period? (1 point) a. Graph IV** b. Graph II c. Graph I d. Graph III 2. A car traveling at 25 mi/h accelerates to 48 mi/h over the first 5 seconds. It
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algerbra 2
If $ 2500 is invested in an account that pays interest compounded continuously, how long will it take to grow to $ 7500 at 8%?
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alegbra 2
Earning interest- You deposit $1000 in an account that pays 6% annual interest compounded continuously. Find the balance at the end of 2 years.
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algebra
you deposit 8500 dollars in an account that pays you 3.5 % interest compounded continuously. How long will it take for the money to triple?
You can view more similar questions or ask a new question. | https://www.jiskha.com/questions/1152633/if-you-put-2-000-in-a-savings-account-that-pays-6-interest-compounded-continuously-how |
Home / Questions / Four years ago $100000 was borrowed at 14 per year compounded annually to be repaid in equ...
Four years ago $100,000 was borrowed at 14% per year compounded annually, to be repaid in equal annual payments over 20 years. After the fourth payment (the present) the borrower is offered the opportunity to pay off the existing loan by borrowing the balance remaining under the following terms: the new loan at 12% compounded annually would require annual payments of $10,000 for the first five years followed by payments of $25,000 per year until the final year, when the balance remaining at the end of that year is to be completely paid off (interest on each loan is being charged on its remaining balance). How many years from the present would the final payment made if the new loan of 12% compounded annually were undertaken? | https://www.mycoursehelp.com/QA/four-years-ago-100000-was-borrowed-at-14/37018/1 |
The interest rate at which cash flows are discounted is referred to as the discount rate.
The equilibrium discount rate is the required rate of return for a particular investment, which means the present value (PV) of the future cash flows discounted at the equilibrium discount rate should be equal to the amount of money invested today. We can also consider the rate as the opportunity cost of current investment. If both the present value (PV) and future value (FV) from n periods from now are known, the discount rate can be solved using the following formula:
Compounding is the idea that interest is earned not only on the original principal, but also on the interest earned from the previous period. This usually occurs more than once a year. When it is the case, financial institutions usually quote the rate as annual interest rate and compounding frequency instead of quoting the periodic rate. The annual rate of return that investors actually realize is called effective annual rate (EAR). The formula for EAR is:
where:
periodic rate =stated annual rate /m
m =number of compounding periods per year
Example to illustrate EAR:
Assuming the stated annual rate is 10%, if it is compounded annually, this rate will turn $1000 into $1000*(1+10%)=$1100 after one year. If it is compounded monthly, the periodic rate is 10%/12=0.83%. The EAR would be (1+0.83%)12-1 = 10.47%
Using the future value formula, $1000 will grow to $1000 x (1+0.83%)12=$1104.7
In summary, EAR measures the annual rate of return after the adjustments of the compounding periods, therefore EAR is a necessary tool to compare investments that have different compounding periods. For the same stated annual rate, the greater the compounding frequency, the greater EAR will be. | http://valuationacademy.com/discount-rates-required-rate-of-return-effective-annual-rates/ |
The relationship is that present value is the current value of future cash flows discounted at the appropriate discount rate. Future values are the amount a present value investment is worth after one or more periods. We learn everything we can in the present so we have some of the answers for the future and what we don't know we ask the pros about. The difference between the two is contributed by time. The value of something (an asset) may typically increase over a period of time. $100 that you give me today is not the same as $100 you give a year later. There is an interest (or return) that accrues when you pay me $100 a year later. The future value after n years of an amount P where R is the rate of interest (in percentage) is calculated as P(1+R/100)**n : using compound interest. If R =50 (that is 50% rate of return, I know it is high) and n = 2 years, the future value of P is P*1.5*1.5=2.25P where is today's value. The Present value can be calculated from the future value as P = F/( (1+R/100)**n ) It is necessary to measure the value of an amount that is allowed to grow at a given interest over a period. This is how the future value is determined.
What is the future value of $1,200 a year for 40 years at 8 percent interest? Assume annual compounding.
Future value= 25000*(1.08)10 =53973.12
102102.52
200000000 dollars
Assuming the interest is compounded annually, the future value is 100*(1.04)10 = 100*1.4802 (approx) = 148.02
$14,693.28
888.15
1862
The face value is 40000*(1.05)10 = 65156 approx. | https://math.answers.com/math-and-arithmetic/What_is_the_future_value_of_210000_with_4_percent_interest_in_8_years |
GIA Interest Rates
All rates are compounded annually and may change without notice.
Simple interest rates are also available on request for some GIAs. However, these are only offered for TFSAs and non-registered savings plans (NRSPs).
For interest rates on other terms please contact us.
A short-term interest rate of 0.25%, compounded annually, is applicable on contributions awaiting investment.
Non-redeemable GIAs cannot be redeemed, neither periodically nor in a lump sum, even for RRIFs and locked-in RRIFs.
The Prime Rate can vary and is subject to change without notice. For more details on loans, please contact our Customer Service. | https://ssq.ca/en/advisors/investment/gia/interest-rates |
Its time for a change how my survival gear is stored. My survival gear is spread out all over a spare bedroom, couple of storage boxes and 2 closets. Its time to round everything up and get things organized.
My wife and I have a spare bedroom that my son uses when he comes to visit. Since the room is only used a few times a month, we decided to install some shelves and organize our survival gear stocks.
The shelving unit was bought from a local china-mart. The unit is 6 feet tall, each shelf is 36 inches long, 17 inches wide and there is 15.75 inches between each shelf.
To prevent the shelving unit from being pulled over by the grand kids, the support poles of the unit were zip-tied to a set of bunk beds, and the shelves were screwed to the wall with 2 1/2 inch long screws. With small children around, you have to plan on them climbing on everything.
The plan is to have two shelving units side by side, with each unit holding a certain type of survival gear.
Fishing Gear For SHTF
One shelf is going to be dedicated to storing my fishing gear. Currently my fishing gear is being stored in 2 or 3 different places, in the closet, in a tackle box, in a fishing bucket,,,.
A 5 gallon bucket fits perfectly between the shelves, so I should have no problems storing my extra lures, trotline string, extra spools of monofilament line, extra hooks,,,. I need to buy a couple of wire trays to store the smaller items in, such as the spools of trotline string.
Stockpiling Food For SHTF
On the bottom shelves I plan on storing the heavy food, such as cases of MREs, and a few cases of bottles water.
If my math is right, we should be able to fit thirty #10 cans of food single shelf.
On at least 2 other shelves, I plan on getting a shelf reliance Cansolidator Pantry Plus, which holds up to 60 cans. With 2 of the Cansolidator Pantry Plus units, I am hoping to store up to 120 cans between 2 shelves. After the first 2 units are in place, I will decide if a third unit will be installed, for a total capacity of 180 cans.
For my mylar bags, I am hoping on getting some 5 gallon buckets and storing the 5 gallon buckets in the shelving unit.
After looking the shelves, and moving some #10 cans and a 5 gallon bucket around, I should be able to fit a double stack row of #10 cans behind three 5 gallons buckets filled with mylar bags.
Here recently I have been buying some mountain house pro-pak meals. These meals are freeze dried and have a 7 year shelf life. Currently, the meals are stored in a box on the bottom shelf. The problem with storing stuff in cardboard, the cardboard attaches roaches and other undesirables. I am hoping to get all of the cardboard boxes swapped out for plastic boxes.
Food in Glass Jars
One of the things my wife is worried about, is storing glass jars where the grandkids can get ahold of them. I understand my wifes concern – you do not want a 4 year old pulling a glass jar of pickles off the shelf and dropping it.
To protect glass jars and the grandkids from possible injury, all glass items will be stored on a shelving unit in a closet.
Miscellaneous Gear
I have a lot of small items that needs a place to be stored. This is everything from parachute hammocks, to water bottles, canteens, ammo pouches,,,.
To help organize this small gear, my wife bought some wire baskets. She told me the “technical” name is a wire fruit basket. the baskets may have been designed to store food in the kitchen or in the freezer, but the work well on the shelves.
The water bottles are too large to store in the basket -rather, they take up too much room in the basket. The water bottles are stood up around the baskets and the other items on the shelves.
Camping Gear
One of the main goals for the shelves is to get my camping gear a little better organized. Currently my wife and I have a box that most of our stuff is stored in.
I am hoping to take the gear that we use from time to time, extra gear, like an extra coleman stove that I have, and get everything organized.
Emergency Radios and Flashlights
One of things that I “really” need to do, is get my flashlights, lithium batteries and emergency radios in a central location. I plan on buying a plastic box to store all three items in.
The plan is to get a box to store the flashlights, radio and lithium batteries in, and then put the box on a corner of the shelves. I would like to be able to walk into the room in pitch black darkness, walk to the shelf, and be able to get a flashlight with zero light.
To make things really easy, I might get an LED flashlight, and hang it from a lanyard from one of the shelves.
Once I find the flashlight in the pitch black dark, I want to be able to get the box open and a radio going in less then 1 minute.
Top Shelf Survival Gear
The only thing I have not figured out, is what do I put on the top shelf? Whatever is stored on top can not be breakable – something like sleeping bags or sleeping pads for example.
Currently, the sleeping bags are stored in the closet. I thought about moving the bags from the closet to the top shelf, and then using the closet to store even “more” stuff.
Conclusion
I am hoping to get a follow up of the shelf project posted once my wife and I make some progress. Right now we have just one shelf in place. In a couple of weeks we are hoping to get another shelf in place, along with some more #10 cans, 5 gallon buckets and mylar bags. | https://www.survivalboards.com/2011-09-21/storing-survival-gear/ |
Adding pull-out shelves to a deep pantry can help you make the most of the space, but there are other methods you can try as well. These include adding shelves to the back of the door and using bins and baskets as drawers.
Organizing a deep pantry
First, you’ll need to declutter. You’ll want to remove items that are past their sell-by date and things you probably won’t use. Then you’ll want to organize items according to their categories. For example, if you have a large pantry with many different kinds of goods, you should sort them by category. You can also use sticky notes to help you see what goes where.
Once you’ve removed the old products, it’s time to reorganize. To do this, you’ll need to take inventory of the items in the pantry. You may also need to make some sketches. Once you have an idea of the future look of your pantry, you can purchase products that will fit in it.
Next, you need to organize the shelves. Ideally, you should put items you use every day in the front of the shelves, and those that you don’t use often on the back. The tallest items should be at the front, and the shortest ones should go in the back. This will prevent items from getting buried at the bottom of a deep shelf.
Creating zones is another great idea. This will help you find what you’re looking for faster and avoid wasting food. For example, a separate zone for bread, cereal, and snacks will make it easier to find what you need. This way, you’ll know which shelf you need to visit to find something specific and when you’re running low.
Choosing a system to organize your pantry can be a great way to improve your efficiency and avoid the stress of reorganizing your space. The best system is one that you can maintain and is easy to keep clean. Make sure that you plan how to store your grocery items so that you won’t waste time or money cleaning out your pantry.
Adding pull-out shelves
Adding pull-out shelves as a deep pantry organization idea can create an efficient solution to space limitations. These useful additions are typically 18 to 30-inches wide, so they can make use of the space without taking up valuable counter space. A turntable placed on a higher shelf can also be helpful, as it allows items to be pulled out with ease.
The advantage of adding pull-out shelves to your pantry is that they make inventory management much easier. This means that you won’t have to waste time searching through drawers and cabinets to find what you’re looking for. You can easily reach everything, even items tucked away at the back of the shelves. This will cut down on unnecessary trips to the grocery store, as well as unnecessary waste.
Adding pull-out shelves to a deep pantry can also help prevent food items from spilling into the open. These products come in different sizes and designs, and can meet a number of needs. They are versatile and do not require installation. They’re also ideal for small-sized spaces, such as spice packets.
Adding pull-out shelves to your deep pantry can make a world of difference to its appearance. Whether you have glass doors or open shelves, displaying your items will help them find their place and make it easier to access what you need. By grouping similar items together, you’ll ensure that the shelves are neat and tidy. Another great idea is to add adjustable drawers to any shelves to create more space and functionality.
Another great way to make use of empty wall space is by using pegboards. These racks are made to hold various kitchen items, which often take up valuable shelf space. They’re simple to install, and you’ll be freeing up valuable shelf space.
Using bins and baskets as drawers
Bins and baskets can act as makeshift drawers on deep pantry shelves and help you organize smaller items. They can hold a variety of items, including garbage bags, paper plates, and even canned dog food. They also keep smaller items organized and prevent them from getting lost in a deep cabinet.
One of the most practical solutions for a deep pantry is to use 16-inch long pantry baskets. You can add a small bin to the front of the basket or place a larger can behind it. This method maximizes storage space while saving space. Though few products are specifically designed for these spaces, resourceful pantry owners can get creative with their storage options. In addition to using baskets and bins as drawers, they can also make use of window box plant trays. These can be stacked two-high to create more storage space.
When using baskets and bins as drawers, it is important to make sure that they are not too deep or too shallow. Baskets and bins can fit a variety of items in a small space and are easy to reach. You can also choose to use wire to keep items airy.
In addition to baskets and bins as drawers, you can also use risers and wire racks to maximize your storage space. Choosing the right risers will make your pantry much easier to organize. The risers can be used to keep tinned goods and other overflow items off of the floor.
While these are great small deep pantry organization ideas, keep in mind that they require some time to implement. After all, your pantry is usually overflowing with food! Before you can begin putting the food back in, you must clean the shelves thoroughly.
Adding shelves to the back of the door
One of the best ways to organize a small deep pantry is to add shelves to the back of the door. This way, you can easily access the back of higher shelves. You can also add a turntable to keep sauces and other items in order. Using deep woven bins is also a great option, which also saves space. Just be sure to label the bins with large letters to make sure you know exactly what is in each one.
Many deep pantries have lots of space between the shelves, so consider vertical storage for your most frequently used items. Place the most frequently used items at the back of the door, while the least-used items can be kept on the bottom row. Also, consider using large, stackable plastic containers to store spices, seasonings, and other non-perishable items. You can also use a three-tiered rack to store plastic wrap, foil, and storage bags.
If you don’t have enough room for shelves, consider using hanging chip bags. You can buy inexpensive plastic chains at Home Depot, or you can reuse dog leashes. You can also purchase curtain clips with rings to attach to the chains. This will give you a simple solution for organizing chip bags.
One of the best ways to organize deep pantry shelves is to create a tiered spice rack. This will give you the opportunity to keep all your spices and other kitchen items neatly organized. Adding a tiered spice rack is also a great way to make your pantry look better. This way, you can easily reach everything you need.
Adding shelves to the front of the door
When you have a deep pantry, you need to organize the storage area carefully. Adding shelves and bins can make it easier to find what you need. Make sure you label everything and place them in an easily accessible place. You can also add a turntable, so you can access the back shelves of the shelves.
To maximize your space, you should first decide on the type of storage that will best suit your needs. You can arrange items according to their size, or by category. For example, you can place larger items on the bottom shelf and smaller ones on higher shelves. You should also consider the height and mobility of your family members, as some people may have difficulty reaching certain items. If you can’t afford the services of a professional organizer, you can always purchase adjustable shelves and pegs.
When choosing a system for your pantry, make sure it is easy to use and maintain. You don’t want to spend hours cleaning your pantry after every grocery purchase. Also, be realistic about how much food you actually need. If you only have a few cans and a few packages of cereal, make sure you keep them in the correct categories.
Another great way to maximize space in the back of the pantry is to install a lazy susan. This handy storage device allows you to reach back shelves easily. It also works well for awkward deep side shelves and upper shelves. The rotating mechanism helps you bring back items to the front of the shelf. | https://zeroempathy.net/small-deep-pantry-organization-ideas/ |
Food Pantry Workers provide a valuable service to The Salvation Army in Champaign. These volunteers stock shelves with donated items, pack boxes and bags with food for meals for Champaign County families, and organize donated products. Our Food Pantry Workers are special people who can show compassion and love to their neighbors who may be in a crisis situation. A good ear, kind heart, and an easy smile make you an ideal candidate for this position. | https://cuvolunteer.org/opportunities/2227 |
How To Organize A Deep Pantry Cupboard
This deep cabinet has been so disorganized and needed a serious storage solution.
How to organize a deep pantry cupboard. Toss away items that were open and now might be stale. I spent 1 day shopping and organizing and came up with some solutions. How to organize a deep pantry.
How to organize a pantry with deep shelves 10 tips ideas to arrange finished foods before you begin organizing your pantry is advisable to examine all your food items and follow the tips below. Designing a pantry cabinet. I saved the best for last.
But what about the pantry. Simple solutions to organize a deep pantry tuesday january 8 2013 my pantry is very deep and things tend to get lost in it s depths. Organizing a deep pantry cabinet.
I also wish i had long legs and could relate to those people that say that they forget to eat. Throw away all the expired food. The upside to this narrow pantry cabinet is that everything can be easily seen and nothing gets lost in the abyss.
Total cost to organize and clean cupboard. In this video i share how i organized my deep shelf pantry organization. And you ve also set up your cabinet command center.
59 my favorite tips for organizing a deep pantry kitchens seem to be a very popular request for me lately and i have been helping a few different folks plan out and organize their cabinets pantries and drawers. That s all we needed and it allowed for a larger island and plenty of space to pass through. After about an hour of work i had an organized deep pantry.
If you break down big shelves into smaller cubbies you can organize items by theme height or meal type whatever works for you and your family. Organize your pantry with our gorgeous set of printable farmhouse pantry labels. You may recall that when we designed our new kitchen we had our pantry made at just 12 deep.
Today i m sharing my tips and tricks that will help you go from what you see above to what you see below. Since then you ve realized that the depth of the shelves allows you to push some food items out of sight and out of mind often until the food is long since expired. So you ve organized your pots and pans tupperware plates cups and spices.
I wish i had a closet pantry or better yet a walk in pantry. I have also been compiling a lot of the common questions and themes that have been arising and hope to do a post in the near future. Large expansive shelves can hold tons of pantry items but they don t do a great job of organizing or keeping items in sight.
The pantry food storage. Keepin it real here y all. This is actually what my pantry looked like and i knew i needed to figure out a system. | http://kitchen-and-living-room.jaksuka.com/us/how-to-organize-a-deep-pantry-cupboard.html |
A couple of weeks ago, someone alerted me to a news story of a big-rig crash in the Los Angeles area. The truck had been carrying 19,000 pounds of dog food, and at least some of it ended up on a major freeway, making L.A. traffic even more of a challenge than usual.
The idea of 19,000 pounds of dog food -– about 43,000 two-cup bowls, if that helps you picture it –- on the freeway conjured quite an image. (There are no photos, but I imagine most of it probably stayed in bags.) But oddly, there was no mention of injuries. I figured even if no one else was hurt, the driver of the overturned truck must have been banged up pretty bad.
I needed more info to fill in the story, so I Googled “truck crash dog food” and didn’t even bother to include “Los Angeles.” Really, how many truck crashes involving dog food could there be?
Turns out quite a few, such as a messy 18-wheeler overturn in the Dallas/Fort Worth area that closed all but one lane of busy I-35 in both directions. It looked like this.
Miraculously, nobody sustained serious injuries. Sadly that was not the case in Gainesville, Georgia, when a car slammed into a dog-food-filled semi outside a Purina plant. The crash ripped loose the truck’s fuel tank and the car and the truck burst into flames. Two people were killed, though the truck driver does not appear to have been one of them.
In Ohio, the driver of a semi filled with dog food lost control of the rig and it crashed into a concrete barrier. Both of the truck’s fuel tanks were punctured, and 200 gallons of diesel fuel poured onto Interstate 90. The driver was injured, but not fatally.
Earlier this month, a tractor-trailer filled with dog food drifted off Highway 70 in Maryland, crashed through guardrails, and rolled 60 feet down an embankment. The dog food ended up all over the highway, as did 200 gallons of fuel (again; I guess that’s the magic number when two full truck tanks are punctured). The driver and his son were seriously injured.
I could go on, but you get the picture.
It got me thinking about how I’ve taken for granted all the bags of dog food that fill the shelves of pet supply stores and grocery stores. Don’t they just appear there? I mean, who ever thinks of how the stuff gets there?
I guess you could say that about many products. But dogs are my news beat, and yes, I admit that my dog, Jake, eats kibble –- good kibble, but kibble nonetheless — as part of his diet. (I’m ready for the inevitable finger wagging, but before you bring it on, know that Jake does get a bit of other nutritious home-cooked food as well.)
So when reading report after report about these accidents, it really struck me that people put their lives at risk to get dog food to the stores where I and so many others buy it. (Of course, drivers do the same thing for the meat and rice and other ingredients a lot of people use for homemade dog chow, unless they buy hyperlocally.)
Truck driving is a notoriously tough profession. “The conditions are brutal, the hours are long. I wouldn’t wish it on a dog,” Henry Jasny, vice president of Advocates for Highway and Auto Safety, told me.
Heavy loads, like trucks filled with tons of dog food, can make for more hazardous driving. Add to that the long hauls, with typical 70-to-80-hour workweeks, and driver fatigue is almost inevitable, Jasny says. Depending on what figures you look at, between 8 and 30 percent of truck crashes involve fatigue.
People in the U.S. have more pooches than ever, which means dog-food sales are huge. In 2011, a record 7.8 million metric tons (a metric ton is about 2,200 pounds) of the stuff was sold here, according to the market research firm Euromonitor. (Thank you to Kurt Gallagher, a director at the Pet Food Institute, for digging up that figure for me.) If I calculated correctly, that’s more than 17 billion pounds of dog food.
Sales show no sign of slowing. So in the years to come, there will be more trucks out there carrying more dog food, and there’s a high likelihood that some of them will be involved in accidents.
Jake is due for a replenishment of his salmon-and-yam kibble this week. And this time, when I walk though the shelves and pallets of dog food, I’ll be thinking of the men and women who brave the roads so that our dogs can eat. I know that’s not why they’re doing it, but they’re doing it nonetheless.
Here’s a virtual paw shake to these unsung road warriors whose work keeps our dogs’ tummies full and happy. Please be careful out there. | https://www.dogster.com/lifestyle/on-the-road-with-dog-food-truckers |
INNISFAIL – There was a gigantic yellow wave of generosity in town.
It was one that raised thousands and thousands of pounds of food and filled the shelves of the Innisfail and District Food Bank at the right time of the year.
The unique food drive to support the town’s less fortunate was created and carried out by members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Innisfail.
“They brought us 5,375 pounds of donations,” said a grateful Heather Taylor, co-coordinator of the food bank, whose 15 volunteer helpers also benefited with a free lunch from the local Subway outlet.
For about the last five years, minus ones with pandemic restrictions, the church has mobilized its volunteers to help community members in need.
On Oct. 9, church members went around to every corner of town and placed 3,500 yellow plastic bags on every residential door in Innisfail. On Oct. 15, it was the all-important day to pick up the bags.
“On Saturday morning (Oct. 15) we had routes and different families or different groups each took one. They just go and whatever yellow bags are sitting on the front step full of food we just pick up and take it to the food bank,” said church member Kim Woodruff, adding her church is already planning its next annual yellow bag food drive event for the fall of 2023. “It just makes it very easy for people to donate to the food bank with no pressure.”
Along with the 5,375 pounds of donations of mostly canned food and dry goods the church also handed the food bank $328 in cash donations.
“Our shelves are full again,” said Taylor, adding the timing of the donations came at a perfect time. “Usually by the end of May or end of June our shelves are looking pretty, pretty thin because we've given out everything.
“The food drives start now until after Christmas, and that is what we live on,” she added. “We were finding we were having to purchase more and more.”
Taylor emphasized the need in Innisfail is growing, with demand for hampers increasing this year over last by 26 per cent. | https://www.mountainviewtoday.ca/innisfail-news/innisfail-church-collects-thousands-of-pounds-of-food-5979870 |
Consider moving food items to drawers. More items can be stored in a drawer; label tops for quick identification. Install roll-out pantry drawers for easier access. Because you can see more, you can store more. Reclaim a closet. Reclaim storage between studs of wall. Take out the kitchen soffits to move infrequently used items above kitchen cabinets; make new pantry cabinet space below. Delegate pantry food storage outside of the kitchen: under the living room couch or out in the garage. Tuck pantry food items inside decorative furnishings, like a crock. Think on a smaller scale: consider a mini-version of a walk-in pantry. Take 12" out of hallway width for pantry shelves. Recycle wooden crates from wine, mount to walls as a shelf (can get free from wine stores or superstores).
2. The heaviest of items should go on the lower shelves. Especially if you have a lazy Susan installed. For example, you have a large can of Tomato Sauce, put it on the lowest shelf with the canisters for your baking goods. In the meantime, leave the upper shelves open for those items that you use frequently, and lighter weight items like beans, pasta and/or rice. 3. By using canisters you can keep dry goods and baking items such as: flour and sugar, fresh and bug free. You can keep smaller items, such as tea and coffee, dried fruits and bouillon in small baskets and/or plastic bins, which also helps keep them fresh. 4. Group items that are alike together: breakfast items, snack items, baking goods, cleaning supplies, dish linens, etc. It is important that if you take a bit of time to consider how things are arranged in the grocery store where you typically shop, you can group your pantry items similarly. Using subgroups will help to keep things more neatly stored and easily accessible. For example, all canned goods go on one shelf, organized into subgroups such as: fruits, vegetables, soups, crackers and cookies, etc.
Pantries are enjoying an upsurge in popularity, and for good reason. They are a great place to store both bulk foods bought at the store (saving time and money for todays busy families) and home-grown or home-preserved foods produced in our once-again-popular home gardens. Three Pantry Designs There are three main types of pantry designs: walk-in pantries, pull-out cabinet pantries and butlers pantries. A walk-in pantry is like a small room lined with shelves, drawers, and perhaps a countertop. Because the interior doesnt have to look as pretty as the main kitchen, you can use cheaper open shelving to create a great deal of storage space for less cost then by using regular cabinetry. Some people do choose to finish the pantry to the same standard as the main kitchen though. A walk-in pantry is great if your household buys certain foods in large quantities and needs to store big bags, boxes or other containers, or large quantities of smaller containers. Its also good for storing some non-food items like paper goods, which come in large packages.
Function - First in the Pantry It does not matter how large or small your pantry is, but FUNCTION needs to be your first consideration. Here are a few functional tips for organizing your pantry: * Just like organizing any room in your home, a pantry should be planned to save time, energy, efficiency; and therefore, money! * Your pantry should be well-lit so that you can see all areas. * Make your pantry efficient for you. It should be located centrally in your home. Either in the kitchen or a hall closet that is relatively close to your work area. If needed, it is perfectly fine to create multiple pantry areas. If doing this, just remember to organize each space so that the items needed in the kitchen are in the kitchen, cleaning supplies separate from food, and bedding and bath linens are near your homes bedrooms and bathrooms, and so on.
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Copyright © 2018 Yearofthethug. Reproduction without explicit permission is prohibited. All Rights Reserved. | http://www.yearofthethug.com/surprising-black-kitchen-pantry-that-you-must-see/pantry-cabinet-lowes-kitchen-cabinets-kitchen-storage-cabinets-pantry-cabinet-ideas/ |
Mother dog and 3 puppies are saved from extreme weather
For homeless dogs, winter can be a nightmare as they search for food and shelter. Their lives have always revolved around survival. But sometimes, there are still kind people willing to help these poor creatures. The two women in this story who often feed their dogs on the street are kind-hearted people. One day, with their help, a mother dog and her puppies were saved.
They came to feed the stray dogs on a cold winter day. The herd consisted of about 15 dogs, all of whom were familiar. To make sure all the strays could get enough food for themselves, the women bought two bags of dog food.
While the feral dogs were enjoying their meal, they noticed something peculiar. By her breast, they understood that she had puppies somewhere. Then, they tried to follow her to the puppies’place.
It turned out that the puppies were on an island surrounded by a swamp. Despite the extreme cold, the swamp did not freeze much. As the weather gets warmer, it melts, raising the water level.
As a result, the puppies would stay on the island without food or water. Therefore, the urgent need to do immediately is to rescue this dog’s family. However, that was really hard to do with just two women, so they turned to ask for the help of their team.
Despite many difficulties, the team managed to reach the rescue position. But more importantly, they needed to make sure the dogs didn’t jump into the swamp when they were trying to save them.
They decided to handle the mother dog first because she was the only one who could run away to escape the team. And of course, catching her was the hardest thing. After a while, the team managed to get her into the net to catch animals. Then, the mother dog and her children were brought out of the swamp.
The team took them to a warmer and more comfortable place. They call the mother dog Alice and her three pups Brownie, Dark, and Lanya. Honestly, the puppies are adorable. Alice is fed on a regular basis to get enough milk for her children.
The people there also provided some toys for the puppies. Two weeks later, Alice was bred and her puppies were vaccinated. Now they are safe. And the team can be glad that they saved a family of dogs out of danger.
Through the story, we know that there are many dogs out there that need our help. Share this video to encourage people to save animals, especially stray dogs.
See the complete rescue here: | https://animalsarelife.tv/mother-dog-and-3-puppies-are-saved-from-extreme-weather/ |
Soups into this box. Condiments into another. Pasta sauces over here.
Volunteers at the Vernon Salvation Army Food Bank were busy Thursday morning, taking hundreds of bags of food out of apple bins and sorting them into hampers, the result of the 36th annual Realtors Food Drive Wednesday night.
It’s estimated more than 16 tonnes of food was collected by real estate agents and other volunteers in Greater Vernon.
“It was wonderful,” said Dawn Taylor of Re/Max in Vernon, who helped organize the food drive. “It went smooth and all of the volunteers were excited to be doing their thing.”
“Some of these volunteers come on an annual basis, some are brand new today,” added David MacBain, community ministries director with the Salvation Army as he watched the food being sorted. “To have their support and organize it all is tremendous. If it’s just in a big pile, it doesn’t help anybody.”
The amount of food collected is down from 2012, but there were about 50 fewer volunteers out on Wednesday. This year’s total could be higher as some routes were not covered when it came time to collecting bags of food left out by residents.
MacBain’s house, for example, was missed.
“I brought my own bag down here today and other people can do that as well,” said MacBain. “If staff has a moment, they can let the people peek in here and see how generous the community has been.”
“People can call any real estate agent if they were missed and they’ll be happy to come and get the food,” added Taylor.
The food drive captured the attention of Vernon Salvation Army Capt. Ray Lamont, who returned with her husband to their native B.C. five months ago after spending the last six years in Montreal.
“Two very enthusiastic thumbs up,” said Lamont when asked her reaction to the food drive and the bags of food donated. “I am truly thankful to the generosity of the community to give so willingly to others in need. It’s amazing.”
MacBain said Wednesday’s drive will help the food bank into 2014.
“It gives us assurance there will be an ample supply to fill the hampers we need into 2014,” he said.
Taylor praised grocery chains Safeway, Save-on-Foods and Buy-Low Foods who donated all of the bags to the drive.
The apple bins were donated by the B.C. Tree Fruits Cooperative.
Throughout the North Okanagan Thursday, food bank volunteers were busy sorting groceries.
In Armstrong, an estimated 7,500 pounds of food was collected during the annual realtors drive Wednesday.
“And we just had another person walk through the door with another bag,” said Armstrong Food Bank coordinator Elizabeth Coss at lunch Thursday.
In Enderby, about 3,300 pounds of food was collected.
“If people still want to donate, they can drop off their food at any realtor’s office or at St. Andrew’s United Church,” said organizer Dianne Nadeau.
And in Lumby, six volunteers canvassed the village and collected an estimated 2,000-to-3,000 pounds of groceries which will help stock the shelves into the new year. | https://www.vernonmorningstar.com/news/food-drive-fills-the-shelves-for-holidays/ |
What is the best way to organize a freezer?
- Take Inventory. Of course, the first thing to do is go through everything in your freezer.
- Create Zones in Your Freezer. Use large bins to create categories and keep bags of frozen produce from shifting around.
- Use Freezer-Safe Storage Containers.
- Label and Date Everything.
- For Chest Freezers.
How do you maximize storage in the freezer? If you aren’t using a freezer bag, wrap, wrap and then wrap again. To improve your freezer space (and frankly, to keep things looking nice), freeze everything flat. Lay your bags down on a cookie sheet and use cardboard to separate each bag. Once they’re frozen, they can be easily stacked upright.
How do you organize an upright freezer?
How can I organize my freezer without shelves? Ice chests are basically deep freezers that don’t have any shelves (a.k.a a total pain to organize). Use wooden planks to create compartments and add process to an otherwise disheveled pile of frozen goodies. To make this work you have to freeze items flat so you can stack ’em from the back. | https://theinteriorevolution.com/what-is-the-best-way-to-organize-a-freezer/ |
Spring Cleaning Tips for your Refrigerator and Freezer (features a Free Printable Inventory Sheet)
As we ease into spring, now is an ideal time to give your refrigerator and freezer a good cleaning.
CLEANING THE REFRIGERATOR
1. Dispose of old food and condiments
It's easy for items to be tucked in the back of shelves and forgotten. Place fresh food and any jars or bottles that have not expired into cooler bags. Be sure to dispose of the rest. The general rule is if it's questionable, don't risk it. You can rinse the empty jars and bottles for recycling.
2. Wash the shelves, baskets and drawers
Months of moving different foods in and out can leave spills and residue. Be sure to remove all shelves, baskets and drawers and wash in the sink with soapy water. For tougher spills, try using baking soda. Scrubbing with baking soda safely scours away residue. You can also use a mixture of baking soda and water to wipe the walls inside of the fridge. This will refresh the interior and eliminates the need for harsh chemicals.
3. Wipe the gaskets, hinges and exterior
Warm air is the refrigerator's enemy. Ensuring the gaskets and hinges are clean will help tighten the seal and keep your food fresh. Use a scrub brush and soapy water to gently wipe the gasket seal. Scrubbing too hard may peel it away from the door, so carefully use your fingers to clean between any ridges. Do the same with the hinges and wipe them dry. You may also gently wipe the exterior on all sides. Be careful not to use harsh chemicals as this can disturb the finish
4. Clean the coils and area around the refrigerator
Dirty and obstructed coils can negatively impact your refrigerator's performance, and even damage it. Use a duster to carefully remove any debris from your coils. (These are usually on the back or under your refrigerator.) Additionally, make sure to sweep or vacuum the floor underneath and around your fridge. This will keep your newly cleaned coils running more efficiently.
5. Replace shelves and organize
Once you've replaced the clean shelves, baskets and drawers, you have an opportunity to get organized. Try to place similar foods in the same area of the fridge. You can also purchase inexpensive plastic storage bins to keep foods sorted.
CLEANING THE FREEZER
1. Defrost the freezer
Ice can build up over time and impact your freezer's performance. Unplug the freezer. Make sure you place any food in cooler bags so it doesn't spoil during the process. Place a towel or bin under the freezer to catch the melting ice. You can expedite the process by placing a bowl of boiling water inside the freezer.
2. Wash and clean the shelves and interior
As the freezer defrosts, use a rubber spatula to gently chip away any ice. Remove all shelves and clean in a similar fashion to the refrigerator. Once the freezer is done defrosting, you can wipe the interior just like you did with the fridge.
3. Replace shelves and organize
Freezers are generally used for longer term storage, and it's easy to forget what's being kept inside. Use this handy freezer inventory sheet to keep up-to-date with what you're storing. You can also use inexpensive bins to store similar foods. Open bulky boxes and place the items in the bins to save on valuable shelf space.
The refrigerator and freezer often go overlooked when it comes to cleaning. Following these steps is a simple process that will help keep your appliances running efficiently and prevent issues down the road. It can be a task, but it is time well spent. | https://www.smartneighbor.com/blogs/neighbor-notes/spring-cleaning-tips-for-your-refrigerator-and-freezer |
These Clear Containers Helped Me Finally Tame My Pantry Clutter
This is Obsessed: my weekly column devoted to sharing all the things I'm loving right now—from unique food and gift ideas to travel destinations and beauty products—plus some tips and tricks for living your best life.
My husband and I bought our first house a few years ago. It's a charming little fixer-upper from the '70s, and we absolutely love it. But one thing that's been challenging to navigate in an older home is our weird kitchen pantry. The "pantry" is really just a row of tall, shallow cabinets in our kitchen. At first glance, they look pretty spacious, but the shelves are a little less than 12 inches deep so it's hard to *actually* store things. As someone who loves to cook and works for a digital food publication, I have plenty of gadgets and food that I need to stow away in my pantry.
Since we don't have the budget for a complete kitchen renovation, I wanted to find a way to organize (read: I needed to stop living in fear of an avalanche every time I opened my cabinets). I recently discovered these container sets from Rubbermaid, and they've already made a world of difference.
For starters, they're large enough to store items like dried pasta, cereal, flour or sugar but shallow enough to fit on my odd pantry shelves with ease. These containers are completely clear, so you can see exactly what's inside of them. Also, I'm an extraordinarily clumsy person and tend to knock over things while digging through my pantry (I can't tell you how many times I've had to sweep up piles of flour). I love that these containers feature sturdy latches and seals to help prevent spills, and I'm happy to report that I've had zero casualties so far. Additionally, these tight seals help keep out air to keep food fresher for longer.
Jaime Milan is EatingWell's senior digital editor for all things newsy and trending. She's always on the hunt for the latest and greatest things to share with EatingWell's readers. In her spare time, you can find her experimenting in the kitchen, tackling home projects with her husband or taking pics of her very photogenic American Eskimo Dog, Grits. Follow her on Instagram at @jaimemmilan. | https://www.eatingwell.com/affiliate/7945780/these-clear-containers-helped-me-finally-tame-my-pantry-clutter/ |
How can I help?
Volunteer
Weekly
Tuesdays and Thursdays From 9am to noon. Volunteers are needed to organize the food that is brought into the Carpenter’s table.
Monthly
Saturday AUGUST 27
4th Saturday at 8:00 am.
Volunteers are needed to help hand the food out to the clients.
Donate Food
The Joy monthly letter will list an item or items they are in need of at the Carpenter’s Table. August donation needed: Cat Food.
Joy has a grocery cart by the kitchen window where these items can be placed.
Any non-perishable food item is welcomed.
If donating canned food, please choose the 14-16 oz size.
Donate other needed items.
Grocery Bags: The food is handed out in grocery bags – please save these and place in the grocery cart.
Paper products such as toilet paper and paper towels are always needed.
Personal hygiene items. Soap, shampoo, lotion, toothbrush and paste, deodorant – are some examples. | https://knowjoy.com/home/ministries/the-carpenters-table/ |
How to Organize Your Fridge Food and How Long It Will Typically Last
Food waste is a major problem in the United States and all across the world. Part of the problem comes from improper storage of food, especially in the fridge. Different foods, depending on where they are in your refrigerator, have certain places that will help them not to spoil as fast. It may sound like common knowledge, but temperatures vary on your fridge’s different shelves. Here is what you need to know as you organize your fridge food so you can make each item last.
The Different Sections of Your Fridge
The sections of your fridge that we will discuss include the doors, upper shelves, lower shelves, crisper, and freezer. Each food item you have will have a longer life if you put it in the right spot. If you do not already know, here is what we advise you store in each section to increase food preservation.
Doors
The doors are the warmest part of your fridge, so you need to be careful which fridge food you store there. Frequent opening of your refrigerator allows the room temperature air inside, and the food on the doors are the most exposed. Because of this, you will need to place food items that deal with temperature fluctuations well in the doors. We recommend placing condiments, juice, and water there.
Avoid placing dairy and eggs in the door shelves because they do not fare as well with temperature changes.
Upper Shelves
The upper shelves of your fridge have the most consistent temperatures, and we recommend placing fridge food that is ready to eat in this area. This includes foods like leftovers, drinks, tortillas, hummus, and deli meat. You can also keep herbs on the upper shelves, just make sure it is in a container with water.
Place berries there as well, especially if you have already washed them. Exposing them to moisture can make them spoil faster, so placing them on the upper shelves puts them at eye level. This helps you remember to eat them before they grow mold!
Lower Shelves
The lower shelves of your fridge have the coldest temperatures. This means that you will need to place the fridge foods that are not already cooked here. Have you ever wondered where to store raw meat in your fridge? The lower shelves are a perfect place because the coolest spot in the fridge is the least likely place for bacteria to grow. You should also store your dairy and eggs on the lower shelves.
Crisper
The crisper drawers in your fridge help maintain the moist conditions that your fruits and vegetables need to stay fresh for longer periods of time. While it is common knowledge to wash fruits and vegetables before eating them, it is a bad idea to do so too long before you plan on eating them. As mentioned with the berries on the upper shelves, the moisture can shorten their lifespan and mold can grow fast. Make sure you only wash them before eating, and if you put them back in the fridge, eat the rest within a couple of days.
It is also important to know that fruits and vegetables should be stored in their own separate drawers. Several fruits (including apples, peaches, plums, pears, and cantaloupes) produce ethylene, which is a gas that causes vegetables to wilt and go bad faster. Storing them in separate crisper drawers will prevent this problem.
Freezer
It is easier to get right the proper way of storing food in the freezer. If the food is frozen, you need to store it in the freezer. Make sure to use containers and bags that are safe for the freezer because containers like glass are likely to break. Lay your food flat and stack them; you can pack everything as tight as you want.
Image Source: Pixabay
Other Food Preservation Tips
Knowing the different sections of your fridge is the best way to store your fridge food, but there are other tips that will help you to prolong the life of your food before it spoils. Keep these in mind as well when you choose which items to refrigerate and freeze.
Do Not Store Food On Top of Your Fridge
Especially in a small kitchen, storing food on top of the fridge sounds like a great place to store different food items. In actuality, as your fridge uses electricity to pump out warm air, it releases the heat outside the fridge, which travels to the top of it. This can make your bread mold faster and ruin a bottle of wine. Instead, place other non-food items on top of the fridge, like small appliances.
Do Not Pack Your Fridge Full
Though it is okay to fill your freezer to the brim, it is not good for your fridge food. Cool air needs to circulate through the area, and a packed fridge will prevent that circulation. This creates irregular temperatures throughout the fridge and can prevent foods from cooling down completely. Try to keep your fridge about two thirds of the way full. This maximizes the space available without preventing air flow.
Set Your Fridge Temperature
In order for your fridge food to last longer, you need to set your fridge to the right temperature. Modern refrigerators will have a digital thermometer, but you can always invest in a fridge thermometer if you have an older one. Setting your fridge at 40 degrees Fahrenheit may not be cold enough for some foods and bacteria can grow, but food starts freezing at 32 degrees Fahrenheit. Keeping the temperature between 35 and 38 degrees will provide the best environment for your food.
How Long Fridge Food Typically Lasts
The longevity of food depends on how you store it and if the temperature is right. The time periods listed below are based on if your fridge is set to 40 degrees Fahrenheit or lower.
- Bacon, cooked: 1 week
- Bread dough: 3 to 4 days
- Butter: 1 to 3 months
- Cheese, hard: 6 months
- Cheese, soft, opened: 1 to 2 weeks
- Cheese, soft, unopened: 3 to 4 weeks
- Chicken (or turkey), fresh: 1 to 2 days
- Fresh eggs, in shell: 3 to 5 weeks
- Fish, cooked: 3 to 4 days
- Fish, fresh: 1 to 2 days
- Fruit or pumpkin pies, baked: 2 to 3 days
- Fruit or pumpkin pies, unbaked: 1 to 2 days
- Gravy, meat broth: 1 to 2 days
- Hard-boiled eggs: 1 week
- Mashed potatoes: 3 to 4 days
- Meat, cooked: 3 to 4 days
- Olives and pickles: 1 month
- Poultry, cooked: 3 to 4 days
- Soups and stews: 2 to 4 days
- Steaks and roasts, uncooked: 3 to 5 days
- Stuffing, cooked: 3 to 4 days
- White wine, recorked: 1 to 2 days
Conclusion
To reduce food waste, we have to be aware of how we are storing our food and the environment we expose it to. The tips on which section to store your fridge foods on will help you organize your food better and enjoy each item for a longer period of time. | https://www.greenandgrowing.org/organize-fridge-food/ |
After nearly a decade of writing about cleaning and organizing - and slightly more than a decade's worth of mothering and all the on-the-job organizing training that entails - I've learned that getting organized basically boils down to regularly doing three things:
Grouping similar items together, storing things in logical, convenient, and accessible places; and labeling everything.
In a very organized fashion, let's go over each getting organized step in turn.
It's so much easier to find things if they are in groups, not spread all over the house.
At least you'll know the general location to start looking for something.
I know one woman who keeps some food in her kitchen, more in her coat closet, and still more in her basement.
When she's looking for a box of rice, she has to search in three places!
Instead, put all food in one area of your kitchen, pots and pans in one cabinet, towels in one closet, and all luggage together - you get the idea!
Often, the reason things can't be found or are found but then aren't put away in the right place is that they are in the wrong place to begin with.
If an item (say a telephone directory) was where it was needed (say, by the phone), it would be easy to know where to find it. And then anyone in the family would know the logical place to return it.
But if the phone directory is stored about the microwave oven, 14 feet away from the phone, it's easy to forget its location because it's not logical.
If things aren't located logically, you will forget where you put them. Your kids, bless their sweet little hearts, will inevitably blame it on your age. And who needs them to bring that up again!
Here's the secret to finding a logical storing place for any item - put it where you use it!
For example, store your keys by the door, keep your lint brush near your clothes, and stash your vases under the sink.
Another way to look at this is to organize your house in terms of activity centers.
For example, if the kids always do their homework on the kitchen table, then keep a file, drawer, or basket nearby with all the supplies that they need to get the job done.
If you like to read in bed, keep reading materials, eyeglasses, and a reading light in a basket by your bed.
Try to arrange your life so that your necessities are at your fingertips, and you don't have to spend what little free time you have jumping up and down to find things.
A challenge can arise when you have one item that is used in several locations. The solution?
Buy two, three, or four of them.
If you have only one pair of scissors and it's stored in the sewing basket in the upstairs closet, kids have to get it for each art project and then walk back upstairs to return it. Oh, sure, that will happen!
The scissors will never be returned. If you frequently use scissors in every room of the house, consider buying a pair of scissors for every room in the house.
Such a purchase is well worth the expense if it saves you hours of time looking for the *##!!! scissors. Time is money.
Along with storing things in logical places, they also need to be in convenient locations. For example, put items you often use on eye-level shelves and in handy cabinets.
Put things you rarely use on top shelves and in the back of closets. I know that sounds like a no-brainer, but before you laugh, think about where you put things.
If your favorite spatula is thrown in a drawer with 23 other kitchen utensils, move it onto the counter, right next to the stoves, perhaps in a pretty crock. (And resist the temptation to move the other 23 less-useful tools along with it!)
If things aren't located conveniently, you aren't going to return them to their proper resting place, and neither will the kids. It's just too inconvenient!
And lastly, storage places must be accessible, both to you and to your kids. If things aren't readily accessible, kids are going to use inappropriate things to do the job, such as a table knife for a screwdriver, and foul things up royally.
For example, if you expect the kids to feed the dog, put the dog food on a shelf where they can reach it (preferably somewhere near the dish, but out of the dog's reach).
You owe it to yourself to make putting stuff away easy for your family.
If everything is clearly marked, there are no excuses for not knowing where to find it and where to return it to. Portable electronic labelers, which are now affordable, thankfully, are an organized mom's dream.
What bears marking? Label the locations for everything, including boxes, closet shelves, drawers, spare keys, the fuse box, and virtually anything else that someone might not immediately be able to figure out on their own, such as which switch is "on" and where you put the guest hand towels.
That way, everyone in the home, including visiting friends, relatives, and babysitters, knows exactly where things are and where to return them.
Take my youngest son Payne's closet, for example.
Before I labeled where everything goes, I put things one way, the babysitter another. This lack of a system made Payne's closet an infuriating jumble to wade through when it was time to get dressed each morning.
Solution: I labeled Payne's closet shelves to designate what goes where: "pajamas," "short-sleeve shirts," "swimwear and gear," etc. Now, if you can read, you can put things away correctly. (And for those who can't read, you can attach drawings or stickers to designate proper storage places.)
Who knew getting organize could be so fun - and easy? | https://www.clean-organized-family-home.com/getting-organized.html |
Recently, I’ve seen a bunch of gear storage projects. If you look on Pinterest, you’ll see so many clean and aesthetic ways to store gear. After years of renting small apartments and cramming gear wherever it fit, I was excited when we bought a house four years ago. I felt overwhelmed on how to not only just organize my outdoor gear but where all my other things would go. I’ve never had this much square footage in my adult life. We decided to unpack everything else.
Still going to the mountains almost every weekend, it took a while to conceive the best way to store the gear other than in boxes and on the floor of one of the spare rooms. Below are a few tips to use when finding what works best for you, along with a summary of how my gear is organized and stored today.
Prearrange gear into categories
From jackets to socks to climbing ropes to first aid kits, I tried to group or pile my gear together to see how much I have (and also donated things I didn’t need or use anymore). Think Marie Kondo method of organizing, minus the whole ‘sparks joy’ requirement.
Gear inventory or packing list
Start by creating a spreadsheet and/or categorize your gear into many sections. Taking inventory can be used later as a packing list. Get detailed and add item weights to calculate how much your bag is going to weigh before you even pack.
Analyze how you pack
After renting for many years, I finally bought a house and knew I wanted a nice gear organization system. Instead of rushing in and throwing up shelves that might not be needed, we waited probably 6 months before building out and organizing. Yes, it was frustrating to pack during that time but we wanted to see how we moved around the house while we packed to help organize all the gear.
I tend to move most of my gear to piles on either a bed or the floor of a room on the same level as the garage. I choose this because the garage tends to be cold with hard surfaces that kneeling to stuff things in packs isn’t the most comfortable.
Where to store your gear
The bulk of my gear is in a two-car garage, a very spacious area. Living in the PNW, we don’t need to park in the garage but we do have concerns about humidity. Consider a dehumidifier where you store your gear or keep an eye on the soft items to see if moisture is collecting to items. You may want to move those items.
All jackets are stored in a hallway closet. My soft goods or clothing stay in the closet where most of the technical gear can be stored in the garage.
Sleeping bags would optimally go with the rest of the gear but humidity levels of storing in the garage resulted in having our sleeping bags separate and hanging in a closet in one of the guest bedrooms since we want to store them lofted or not packed and compressed.
Buy or build storage
After you have taken inventory, you should have a good idea on how many containers or shelves you need. Measure your space and check it twice. Consider buying customizable or adjustable shelves that can be changed over the years. Target has sturdy options that we had already from our rental but we bought more that could connect together. The removable shelves work best for us versus built-in shelves in case we were to ever move again, we wouldn’t have to start over.
We did an initial pass of putting things on shelves. However, some things needed to be stored in bins. We bought various sizes and decided to go with black since our outdoor gear tends to scratch or be dirty and we didn’t want to have to clean light shelves.
Hiking and camping gear
We have all our footwear, including climbing shoes, hiking and mountaineering boots, and gaiters. Next column of shelves is for tents, sleeping pads, water containers, dry sacks and compression bags, and water filters and hydration gear.
Our camping cookware is stored in a rubbermaid container. The Coleman stove, MSR Reactor, gas canisters, and cooler, along with our random sports gear, like baseball mitts and softballs are stored together.
Rock climbing gear
I’ve always wanted a peg board with all the trad gear and carabiners to hang up. However, with our space, a peg board wasn’t necessarily an option. Instead, we strung old perlon up to clip the cams and draws, along with all the carabiners. Ropes received their own shelf. Harnesses lay on a short shelf. We added a bin for miscellaneous gear we can look through depending on our objectives.
Ski and mountaineering gear
Backcountry skins, beacon, shovel, probes, goggles, ski and climbing helmets, and ski crampons and boot crampons all are in the next section, along with essentials like first aid, mylar bags. The snowshoes one some of the only items that touch the garage floor.
Andy designed and built a mounted ski rack that holds not only our skis, but ice axes and poles as well. We bought a shoe tray to catch all the snow melt from our ski boots.
Backpacks
On the back of the garage, white metal shelves were already installed. I bought S-hooks to hang all our backpacks from the bottom. We use the other storage for miscellaneous things that aren’t outdoor related.
Bikes
Larger items like skis take up a lot of room if you’re leaning them in a pile. I bought a Topeak B2 bike stand to store our two bikes, which keeps them out of the way and off the tires.
Prior storage
When living in a small townhouse in the city, we had a one-car garage that we did park in. We used our guest bedroom closet to store all the sleeping bags, tents, and sleeping pads. Along the wall at the foot of the spare bed was most of our other camping, backpacking, climbing, and mountaineering gear. The bins were labeled by activity with fancy Duct tape.
We had one standing column of our current setup with five shelves to store our boots and also stacked our skis in the corner of the garage. The bike rack helped keep the bikes out of the way on the other side of the garage.
Do you have gear storage tips? Please leave yours in the comments below. | https://angelatravels.com/how-to-create-and-organize-outdoor-gear-storage/ |
The churches of Whitehorse would like to thank the people of Whitehorse for their very generous support during last week’s annual food drive in support of the Whitehorse Food Bank. Stephen Dunbar-Edge, executive director of the Whitehorse Food Bank, described the food drive as “very successful” and resulting in full shelves for the moment.
That the food drive is able to cover most of the city is due to the participation of 15 churches, a non-denominational group, Boy Scouts of Whitehorse, Porter Creek Secondary staff and many other individuals. They distribute and collect the grocery bags and then sort and stack the food when it arrives at the food bank. Thanks to all of you.
We would also like to thank Willow Printers for their very kind donation of labels and posters, Porter Creek Super A and Manager Mike Sheppard for donating the bags, and the media – specifically, the Yukon News, the Whitehorse Star, WHTV, CBC Radio, CKRW and CHON-FM – for promoting the event. | https://www.yukon-news.com/letters-opinions/food-drive-thanks-5/ |
Not all agreements are necessarily contractual, as the parties are generally considered to be legally bound. A „gentlemen`s agreement“ should not be legally applicable and „compulsory only in honour.“ An agreement can only lead one party to accept the offer of another party. Since this scenario does not involve any consideration, it is not a contract. Other common examples of non-contract agreements are gentlemen`s agreements and unlicensed betting pools. The key element of all contracts is that they are legally unenforceable. Jurisdictions differ in their use of a „convention“ to designate a legally enforceable contract. For example, the Supreme Court in Washington has ruled that a treaty is a promise or a series of promises that are protected by law, while an agreement is an expression of mutual consent that does not necessarily have a legal impact. However, in Pennsylvania, a contract has been defined as an enforceable contract in which the parties intend to enter into a binding agreement. However, the essential conditions of the treaty must be sufficiently secure to serve as the basis for determining the existence of an offence. It is a meeting of spirits in a common intention and is made by offer and acceptance.
An agreement can be demonstrated by words, behaviours and even, in some cases, silence. Clients` rights against brokers and securities dealers are almost always settled in accordance with contractual arbitration clauses, as securities dealers are required to settle disputes with their clients, in accordance with the terms of their affiliation with self-regulatory bodies such as the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (formerly NASD) or the NYSE. Companies then began to include arbitration agreements in their customer agreements, which required their clients to settle disputes. A contract is a legally binding document between at least two parties, which defines and regulates the rights and obligations of the parties to an agreement. A contract is legally enforceable because it complies with the requirements and approval of the law. A contract usually involves the exchange of goods, services, money or promises from one of them. „breach of contract“ means that the law must grant the victim either access to remedies, such as damages, or annulment. Contracts are mainly governed by legal and general (judicial) law and private law (i.e.dem).
Private law first includes the terms of the agreement between the parties exchanging promises. This private right can repeal many of the rules otherwise established by state law. Legal broadcasting laws, such as the Fraud Act, may require certain types of contracts to be executed in writing and with special formalities in order for the contract to be enforceable. Otherwise, the parties can enter into a binding agreement without signing an official written document. For example, the Virginia Supreme Court in Lucy v. Zehmer, that even an agreement on a piece of towel can be considered a valid contract if the parties were both sane, and showed mutual consent and consideration. | https://mieter.buchzelg58.ch/definition-of-agreement-in-law/ |
I have recently seen two cases that have provided a stark reminder about the use of the phrase "subject to contract."
The first case, Chew Ai Hua, Sandra -v- Woo Kah Wai SGHC 120, concerned the use of a formal "offer to purchase" letter in regard to the sale of a condo unit.
The offer to purchase letter was sent with a cheque for 1% of the purchase price to be paid. The letter also stated that the Defendants had to accept or reject the offer within three days. If the offer was accepted, a signed Option to Purchase had to be delivered to the Claimant, but if it was rejected, the Defendants had to refund the money. The letter also said that the sale of the condo was "subject to signing the Option to Purchase".
The cheque was banked and the Defendant signed the Option to Purchase. However, a dispute then arose in regard to the deadline for that Option and as to when the Option could be exercised.
In considering the parties plight, the Court concluded that a legally binding contract had been reached between the parties. Specifically, an offer had been made (the formal offer letter) and accepted (the retention of the cheque beyond the three day deadline). The parties were therefore bound. Unfortunately, despite the Defendant's best arguments, the phrase in the offer letter "subject to signing the Option to Purchase" was not in the Court's opinion a "subject to contract" clause and did not therefore afford them any protection.
In the second case, Newbury -v- Sun Microsystems EQHC 2180 (QB), in attempting to reach a suitable settlement, the solicitors for the Defendants sent a letter which stated "such settlement to be recorded in a suitably worded agreement". The contents of that letter and the offer were accepted by the Claimant.
Problems then arose when the parties tried to agree the wording of the said settlement agreement. It was the Court's view that a contract had been concluded and it was not possible to then continue negotiations to produce a settlement agreement. Again, the Court concluded that an offer had already been made (the offer letter) and accepted (by a subsequent Letter of Acceptance).
Using a "subject to contract" clause can allow parties to continue negotiations and delay the conclusion of a contract and the binding terms that follow. In both the above cases, the Courts openly noted that the inclusion of a clear "subject to contract" clause could have reversed the outcome.
Whilst the first case is from the Singapore High Court, it does still serve as a usual reference as that Court tends to follow the decisions of the UK Courts. Therefore, taken together, the cases are valuable reminders that if parties want to avoid the finality of a binding contract because, in their opinion, negotiations are still taking place, consideration should always be given to using a clear "subject to contract" clause. However, it must also be noted that whilst a "subject to contract" clause can be seen as a 'safety net' to negotiating parties, it does not always guarantee protection. The Court, as with all disputes, will consider the surrounding circumstances, the parties' intentions and obviously, the specific words and phrases used by the parties in correspondence in reaching their decision.
This article is for general guidance only. It provides useful information in a concise form. Action should not be taken without obtaining specific legal advice.
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One or more offers, assumptions or considerations remain too uncertain. An agreement does not necessarily have to be part of the traditional structure of a contract (i.e. with a block of parties, recitals, terms of the agreement, numbered articles, sections and a signature form). Most types of agreements are applicable in the same way if they are in the form of a letter from one party to another (and are “accepted” or “accepted” by the other party). A correspondence agreement is a letter containing the terms of the agreement and signed by the sender and receiver. Normally, a matching chord is used for short chords (although there are long exceptions). Member of the execution of the letter is correct with clear within 3 days can help me how bad card issuers at the payment schedule? Business etiquette and protocol can be a determining factor. For example, most mergers and acquisitions seriously begin with a Term Sheet that acts as a memorandum of understanding. The roadmap shows the intentions, the purchase price and the terms of payment. It is likely that the courts will consider this precedent. Receipt of the gift letter proposing payment problems has been a sample for the payment of your errors Consent can be a basic agreement on the standard letterhead written by one of the parties.
It is the party that makes the offer that most often writes the letter. In this way, you can also control the terms of the agreement, provided that the general understanding is reflected. Letters of agreement are often used when an uninsured creditor agrees to pay the debt for less than the amount due. This is a voluntary agreement that is governed by contract law and is sometimes referred to as the Scheme of Arrangement. If the debtor is insolvent, a transaction instrument is used. The purpose of these letters is to avoid bankruptcy. Courts say that the parties to a contract are the best assessment of the economic fairness of a proposed contract. Companies are also the best judge to decide whether the terms of an agreement are appropriate – before they commit to it. Beyond the business world, declarations of intent are used by people who apply for public grants and by some people who apply to colleges, such as for example. B Varsity athletes who wish to indicate their obligation to attend a given school. In economics, a statement of intent is usually a non-legally binding agreement between two (or more) parties that defines the terms and details of a mutual understanding or agreement and determines the requirements and responsibilities of each party, but does not enter into a legally enforceable formal contract (although a memorandum of understanding is often a first step towards developing a formal contract).
T22 Are heads of Terms or a memorandum of understanding therefore a contract and legally binding? It depends on how they have: Do both parties believe you by a standard professional counter-letter for the payment agreement? The settlement agreement should specify each form letter of consideration to be paid. Under the exact font of other form letters, the payment agreement explains the sum of the resulting information. Transplant due, but a sample letter for late payment, but then ask for an ivy league school district and customers. Ready to cancel any item, he could find a physical view of the letter by correspondence compared to other means and you would be bе аblе. A letter of resignation may be legally bound to you by this cover letter. Do most other policyholders respond for the product of the late payment intensity sample, but not as to a regular fixed currency your gmat waiver letter? Unacceptable decision to make, I take the letter template For a payment agreement, our brand is in an All-Fire. 2017 Tubbs fire in the reader to talk to you who you wish to conclude, here help or in return to be provided for the payment of. .
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The court may sometimes declare that a contract does not provide consideration for one or more of the parties involved, making it unenforceable. A contract may lack consideration if one of the following conditions is true: After completing the lesson, the student may: 1. Define “past considerations”. 2. Give examples of when a moral obligation may be sufficient to support a promise. 3. Provide examples of when an enforceable contract becomes enforceable. This lesson examines two types of agreements that are not considered: those that are supported by past considerations or moral obligations. The counterparty is often described as the traded exchange. The negotiated exchange entails the submission of the promise by the bidder and the commitment of the execution of the consideration by the target recipient. Consideration is the usual means of justifying the execution of promises by the parties. When the consideration has been given in the past or when the promisor is morally bound only to make the promise, there is no negotiated exchange and the promises are not enforceable. If one of the parties does not provide the promised consideration, the other party may terminate the contract.
The defaulting party may also be sued for damages or certain services. Consideration in contracts refers to the benefit that each party receives in exchange for what it waives in the contract. This is an essential element that must be present in a contract in order to make it legally binding on the parties. An oral or written contract becomes invalid if there is no consideration. Entering into contractual agreements is an essential part of a successful business. Some contracts are simple like a handshake or an invoice for payment, but some high-stakes contracts and employment contracts are best reviewed by a professional. Consider talking to a business and commercial lawyer in your area to get started. But: If Dave were offered $20,000 to take on extra responsibilities or work on Friday nights, and he did, there would be additional considerations that would support the contract change. Learning outcomesAfter completing the podcast, the student can:1. Explain that for a contract, there must be a consideration or other justification for the application of the agreement.
2. Explain and apply the negotiated exchange rule.3. Explain and apply the rule that promises based on a previously received service are not supported by consideration, but are called “past consideration” or “moral obligation.” 4. Identify situations where there is no consideration due to the prior nature of the service, but the promise can still be enforceable under the material benefit rule if a promise is made after the promisor has granted a benefit to the promisor, and it would be unfair not to execute the promise. While an agreement may seem unfair in hindsight, the court will generally not decide whether the value of the consideration is proportionate. The exception is when the discrepancy is so large that it represents bad faith. In this case, the court may find that the contract is void because the party who offered much less value acted unfairly. Most contracts contain one or two lines indicating that valid and sufficient consideration forms the basis of the contract.
However, the mere mention of something in the contract does not prove the existence of a valid consideration. Similarly, consideration does not become invalid if it is not mentioned in the contract. No In other words, each party should be able to answer the question of why it entered into the agreement. Those who are not in a position to answer this question may not have been sufficiently taken into account. This article provides a general overview of the contractual consideration and the quantity required for a contract to be valid. It should be noted that a promise to do something illegal or immoral does not serve as a valid consideration. If there is no consideration in a contract, the contract becomes invalid and the courts may refuse to perform the contract. Sometimes a contract may lack consideration, although at first glance it may seem like the parties are exchanging something of value.
Most commercial contracts meet the counterparty requirement with exchanged promises. Doing the job actually promised also counts in return. Here are some of the scenarios in which no valid consideration is required: The consideration may be as large or small as the parties mutually agree to communicate with each other. For example, if you buy a dress, it is between you and the seller to agree on the price. When there is a valid consideration, the courts rarely intervene to decide whether the agreement is unfair or disproportionate. However, if a party is trapped in an unfair business by hiding important information or acting in bad faith, this can affect the legal validity of the contract. This lesson outlines the basic prerequisites for identifying and evaluating promises that are supported only by past considerations or moral commitments. The general attributes of contemplation are discussed in other lessons. The following cases amount to a lack of consideration: Sometimes a contract is declared null and void by the court because it has no consideration. This usually happens when: However, the consideration must meet other requirements. The consideration must be an exchange for the transaction in question; past considerations are not good. A contract without consideration is void because it is not legally enforceable.
“Consideration” means that each party must deliver something of value. Read 3 min Example: Suppose XYZ Corp. hires Dave on a one-year contract for $100,000. Six months later, the president realizes that Dave doesn`t seem happy in his job. The president offered Dave an additional $20,000 to stay for the duration of the contract. At the end of the year, Dave asked for the extra $20,000. There is no binding contract for the additional incentive payment. After the initial contract, Dave had already signed to work for XYZ Corp. for a full year.
The additional payment is not supported by a new counterparty; Dave doesn`t give anything he hasn`t accepted before. The consideration may take the form of money, goods, promises, services or something else. It can be something as simple as a promise to do or not to do something. For example, if you enter into a contract with your neighbour in which he agrees not to sue you for the damage you caused to his property, and in return you agree to pay him $800, then the amount of $800 is the consideration your neighbour receives while his promise, In order not to sue you, the counterpart is that you receive the contract. The reason contracts require the exchange of an object of value is to distinguish a legal agreement from a generous gift or promise from one party to another, none of which is legally enforceable. For example, if your friend mows your lawn without asking for anything in return, it doesn`t count as a contract because you didn`t promise anything in return. If your friend promises to mow your lawn but doesn`t, you can`t sue for damages. Tags: § 86·negotiated-for·negotiated-for-exchange· Considerations·material benefit·Material benefit McGowin· Mills·error·moral obligation·past action·previous rescue services· Webb· Wyman To enter into a valid contract, the counterparty must meet the following conditions: In general, the courts will not regenerate a contract because a party has entered into a bad deal; However, if the contract appears to have been entered into under duress, it is questionable whether there is an appropriate consideration.
Consideration is the value negotiated by the parties, and most decisions suggest that there is no reason to investigate a party`s motivation for making an incredible deal. A legally binding contract requires three main elements: an offer, a consideration and an acceptance. While the terms “offer” and “acceptance” are quite simple – an offer is made and rejected or accepted – “consideration” refers to something of value earned through the contract. If there is no consideration for one or more parties, it casts a shadow over the legitimacy of the contract. Contract law defines “consideration” as an answer to the question: “How do you benefit from the conclusion of this contract?” Both parties must receive compensation for the agreement to be legally binding. For example, if you buy a jacket at your favorite store, the garment is the consideration you receive, while your payment is the consideration received from the store. Basically, a counterparty is established when both or more parties change positions, for example. B by promising something you are not legally obliged to do, or by advertising not to do something you are legally free to pursue.
For example, a company may promise to remove a website that is confusingly similar to your company`s website, which is not required by law, in exchange for dropping your trademark infringement lawsuit against it (to which you are entitled)…. | https://zh.cellamasumi.com.hk/agreements-lack-consideration/ |
Client claims against investment dealers and dealers are almost always settled under contractual arbitration clauses, as investment dealers are required to resolve disputes with their clients as part of their membership in self-regulatory organizations such as the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (formerly NASD) or the NYSE. Companies then began to include arbitration agreements in their customer agreements, which required their customers to settle their disputes. When a target recipient pretends to accept an offer but raises new conditions, it is not an acceptance, but a counter-offer. This is in fact a rejection of the initial offer (meaning that there is no contract) and the submission of a new offer which, if accepted, constitutes the terms of the contract. An unsigned written contract can be binding, although a court considers all the circumstances before concluding that the parties intended to be bound. In the context of contracts for a particular service, an injunction may be sought if the contract prohibits a particular act. An injunction would prohibit the person from performing the act specified in the contract. Statements contained in a contract cannot be confirmed if the court determines that the statements are subjective or promotional. The English courts may assess the purpose or relative knowledge to determine whether a statement is enforceable under the contract. In the English case of Bannerman v. White, the court upheld the rejection of a hop buyer that had been treated with sulfur because the buyer expressly expressed the importance of this requirement. Relative knowledge of the parties may also be a factor, as in Bissett v.
Wilkinson, where the court found no misrepresentation when a vendor stated that the farmland sold would carry 2,000 sheep if worked by a crew; The buyer was deemed sufficiently competent to accept or reject the seller`s opinion. Each Party must be a «qualified person» with legal capacity. The parties may be natural persons («Natural Persons») or legal persons («Companies»). An agreement is reached when an «offer» is accepted. The parties must intend to be legally bound; And to be valid, the agreement must have both an appropriate «form» and a legal purpose. In England (and in jurisdictions that use English contractual principles), parties must also exchange «consideration» to create «reciprocity of obligation,» as in Simpkins v. Country. For a contract to be concluded, the parties must obtain mutual consent (also known as a meeting of spirits). This is usually achieved through an offer and acceptance that does not change the terms of the offer, which is known as the «mirror image rule».
An offer is a clear statement of the supplier`s willingness to be bound by certain conditions. If an alleged acceptance changes the terms of an offer, it is not an acceptance, but a counter-offer and therefore a rejection of the original offer. The Uniform Commercial Code has the Mirror Image Regulation in §2-207, although the UCC only regulates transactions of goods in the United States. Since a court cannot read minds, the intention of the parties is interpreted objectively from the point of view of a reasonable person, as noted in the first English case of Smith v. Hughes . It is important to note that if an offer indicates a certain type of acceptance, only one acceptance is valid, which is communicated via this method. Contracts have requirements that they must meet in order to be performed in court. Each contract differs depending on the agreement it protects with respect to certain goods and/or services. When entering into a contract, both parties must fully understand all the rights and obligations contained in the agreement before signing it.
In Anglo-American common law, entering into a contract generally requires that an offer, acceptance, consideration and mutual intent be bound. Each party must be the one bound by the contract. Although most oral contracts are binding, some types of contracts may require formalities. B for example in writing or by deed. A misrepresentation means a misrepresentation of fact made by one party to another party and has the effect of including that party in the contract. For example, in certain circumstances, false statements or promises made by a seller of goods concerning the quality or nature of the product he possesses may constitute a false declaration. Depending on the type of misrepresentation, the determination of the false declaration makes it possible to remedy the cancellation and sometimes also the damages. Such objections are used to determine whether an alleged contract is (1) void or (2) voidable. Null treaties may not be ratified by either party. Questionable treaties can be ratified.
Finally, it is important to remember that while many contracts may be oral, others have certain formalities: for example, land sale contracts and most share transfers must be in writing; Land transfers, leases and powers of attorney must be documented. The intention to be bound can be demonstrated by signing a contract, but its signature is not an essential requirement. The performance (or promise to fulfil) an existing contractual obligation owed to a third party is good consideration. For example, if a party is contractually bound to deliver goods to A but is instead asked to deliver them to B, that delivery (an existing contractual obligation to A) would be consideration for enforcing B`s promise to unload the goods in return (Scotson v Pegg (1861) 3 L.T. 753). Not all agreements are necessarily contractual, as it must be assumed that the parties generally intend to be legally bound. A so-called gentlemen`s agreement is an agreement that is not legally enforceable and should only be «binding in honor.» An offer is a communication from one party to another indicating that it expresses a desire to enter into a contract. Offers can take many forms. For example, an offer can be made if you verbally tell someone that you will sell them your car for $400.00. It can also be created by including such language in a letter or announcement.
Signs on shop windows can be used as offers as long as they are specific enough. In short, any communication expressing the intention to conclude an agreement can be interpreted as an offer. Although the European Union is fundamentally an economic community with a set of trade rules, there is no such thing as a comprehensive «EU contract law». In 1993, Harvey McGregor, a British lawyer and academic, drafted a «Code of Contracts» under the auspices of the English and Scottish Law Commissions, which was a proposal to unify and codify the treaty laws of England and Scotland. . | http://xn----7sbcprrpiba4h.xn--p1ai/?p=67541 |
What Clauses Must Exist For An Agreement Of Sale To Be Valid And Enforceable
There are certain contracts that must be written, including the sale of real estate or a lease for more than 12 months. The parties must exchange some value for the binding nature of a contract. This is called reflection. The reflection should not be reasonable or for the benefit of the other person, it must suffice (z.B. if someone offers to sell his house for nothing, there is no quid pro quo; but if they offer to sell it for $1, then there is a valid consideration). A valid contract protects both seller and buyer. A written contract ensures that each party understands what is expected of it and reduces the likelihood of disputes or misunderstandings below. However, in certain circumstances, certain commitments that are not considered contracts may be applied to a limited extent. If one party relied on the other party`s assurances/promises to its detriment, the court may apply a just doctrine of Promissory Estoppel to compensate the non-injurious party to compensate the party for the amount it received from the appropriate appeal of the party to the agreement. This is an extreme example, but there are situations where a party is extorted or threatened in another way, so that it is not in a position to enter into and sign the contract. These are not legally binding. The parties must be bound to each other and accept the terms of the contract without external factors influencing the acceptance of the offer.
This contract requirement relates to the intent of each party. Often, friends and family members will come to a casual agreement, but they never intend to be legally binding, that is, they have no intention of suing the other if someone does not do what they said. This type of agreement is not a valid contract because there is no legal intent. Acceptance of the offer must be unconditional (for example. B a signature on an employment contract) and must be communicated. All negotiations between the parties are counter-offers, not accepted. A contract is valid if it fulfils all the necessary elements. It then becomes legally applicable, which means that the parties may be legally obliged to comply with the contractual terms. If possible, it is best to write a contract.
If the parties disagree on the terms of the contract or are not clear, it is up to a court to decide what those terms mean. The court will then have to consider how the services, promises and exchanges were carried out in order to identify the intentions of the parties. If the contract does not comply with the legal requirements that are considered a valid contract, the law does not enforce the contractual agreement and the aggrieved party is not obliged to compensate the non-infringing party. In other words, the plaintiff (a non-dented party) in a contractual dispute suing the criminal party can only obtain reimbursement of the damages-expectations if he is able to prove that the alleged contract was in place and that it was a valid and enforceable contract. In this case, the expected damages are awarded, which attempt to make the non-injurious part a while attributing the amount that the party would have paid in the absence of a breach of contract, plus the reasonably foreseeable damages suffered by the offence. It should be noted, however, that there is no punitive damages for contractual remedies and that the non-injurious party should not receive more than the expectation (the monetary value of the mission if it had been completed in full). Those who sign the contract and enter into the contract must be competent. This means that they are legally binding on the signing of a contract; they have the mental capacity to understand what they are signing; and they will not be affected at the time of signing — meaning they are not under the influence of drugs or alcohol.
It recalls that the agreement must also be concluded between two parties who are legally in a legal position to conclude such agreements. | http://www.lyontranslation.com/what-clauses-must-exist-for-an-agreement-of-sale-to-be-valid-and-enforceable/ |
A letter of intent to buy a restaurant can be helpful to ensure that the agreement goes through. With that said, letters of intent could be a bit confusing to the average person. The general question that arises in this context is whether or not a letter of intent is an actual contract. Is it a legally binding document? When should it be used?
A letter of intent, also referred to as a memorandum of understanding, term sheet, LOI, or pre-contract, can be valuable and save both time and money for all parties involved. The actual letter of intent will identify the basic terms of a particular transaction. With regard to the purchase of a restaurant, it will include the purchase price, payment terms, the intent of both parties, when the transaction will take place, etc. In fact, it can be detailed or short in terms of its length. For example, it can simply be a written statement indicating that “I, John Smith, will purchase your restaurant if you represent that it is in good financial standing.”
Binding vs. Non-Binding Letters of Intent
A letter of intent can be binding, non-binding, or binding in some ways but not others. It can only be binding, though, if the parties exchange consideration. This might be a mere promise to act under the terms of the agreement or an exchange of something of monetary value.
Therefore, since consideration can be very easily met, it is important that the parties who don’t want the LOI to be binding expressly indicate in it that the letter is not binding on the parties. However, some parties wish the LOI to be an actual legally binding agreement. If that is the case, then they can establish an enforceable contract by establishing the offer, acceptance, consideration, mutual assent, and legal capacity.
If the parties want only certain terms in the LOI to be legally binding, but not others, then they should expressly indicate this in the letter. This can be done by simply including language such as “Some, but not all, of the terms identified in this letter of intent will be binding. Such binding language will include …”
If the parties only want some of the terms to be binding, they generally ask that the following terms be binding:
- Payment terms, e.g. payment method, amount, etc.
- Timeline for due diligence
- Escrow payments, if applicable
- Exclusivity provisions, if applicable
- Access to financial records
- Employee considerations
- Confidentiality
Long Form vs. Short Form Letters of Intent
There are two LOI forms – the long and short form. There are advantages to the long form, including the fact that it will identify certain occurrences that will terminate the letter of intent. Furthermore, it will include issues from the outset; if the other party doesn’t fix such deficiencies, then the LOI will be deemed invalid. With the advantages comes a disadvantage in that the long form LOI takes longer to draft, thus causing the process to become longer.
What to Include in the Agreement
The LOI will identify what is being agreed upon by the parties. During this time, the parties might enter a negotiation phase before signing the letter of intent to ensure that they both understand their rights and responsibilities, similar to that of a contract. The LOI can also be a good benchmark for future contracts between the parties. But since the LOI is usually a non-binding letter, the parties can cancel or revoke their intent at any time without due notice or issues of breach.
Naming the Parties and Price
The LOI will begin by stating the parties involved. Usually, this will involve a seller and buyer. In this case, we will include the restaurant seller and restaurant buyer, as well as the purchase price. The parties will remain the same throughout the negotiation phase, but the purchase price might be altered depending on the ongoing negotiations between the parties. Such a change can be done for several reasons, including economic conditions, inability to come to an agreement, or outstanding debts of the restaurant wherein the seller will charge a reduced purchase price to the potential buyer.
If you need help learning more about a letter of intent to buy a restaurant, you can post your legal need on UpCounsel’s marketplace. UpCounsel accepts only the top 5 percent of lawyers to its site. Lawyers on UpCounsel come from law schools such as Harvard Law and Yale Law and average 14 years of legal experience, including work with or on behalf of companies like Google, Menlo Ventures, and Airbnb. | https://www.upcounsel.com/letter-of-intent-to-buy-a-restaurant |
Is a verbal agreement legally binding?
A verbal agreement can be legally binding if it creates an "oral contract" in law. If you offer to sell a computer to your friend for £130, and your friend agrees, you have created an oral contract. If your friend only pays you £65, he has breached the contract, and you can take him to court, but you will need to prove that you both agreed to a price of £130, and that you satisfied any other terms.
Requirements
According to Jeffrey A. Helewitz in "Basic Contract Law for Paralegals," the following elements must be present in a valid, enforceable contract, whether oral or written:
- Offer
- Acceptance
- Consideration (something of value, such as goods or money)
- Permissible subject matter (contracts for illegal acts, for instance, are not enforceable)
- Legal age and mental ability to enter into a contract ("capacity")
- Intent to form a contract
Form
According to the American Bar Association Family Law Guide, most states require that certain contracts be in writing, including property agreements, payment of another person's debts, and contracts for over £325.
Enforcement
Although oral contracts are legally binding, you may have difficulty proving that the contract actually exists. In court, you must establish that an agreement took place, and what terms were involved.
Breach
If a party does not fulfil its duties or obligations, the contract has been breached, and the other party may go to court to enforce the contract. In a typical breach of contract case, one party will argue that it met all the contract's requirements, but the other party did not, or that the item or goods at the centre of the dispute were actually a gift.
Tips
When forming a contract, include all provisions, such as time limits, terms of payment, and what happens if the contract is breached. If possible, get the agreement in writing, and have all parties sign. For complex agreements, or if you have questions about a contract, consult an attorney. | https://www.pocketpence.co.uk/verbal-agreement-legally-binding-5562377.html |
Will Compromise Agreement
It is important to understand that if you violate the agreement, your employer has the right to sue you for compensation. Here is an example of contract language that requires legal advice as a condition of entering into the compromise agreement: In the United Kingdom, a special agreement is a specific type of contract governed by law between an employer and its employee (or former employee) where the employee receives consideration, often a negotiated financial sum. in exchange for the agreement that he no longer has a claim against the employer due to a breach of a legal obligation by the employer. So, what is a compromise agreement and what is the benefit to you (and your employer) when you use it? A settlement agreement, formerly known as a compromise agreement, is a legally valid contract between an employer and an employee. This is an impeccable way to end your employment, where you usually get financial compensation. And here`s the best. A good labor lawyer may be able to challenge the amount offered under the agreement and negotiate a raise – or argue for the employer to take the path of the compromise agreement in the first place. Many employers may be receptive to such requests if a reasoned argument is put forward and there is an appropriate legal basis. As the ICPD investigation revealed, the average time allowed to management to process a compromise agreement is much shorter than it would be if the case were heard by a labour court. Therefore, business considerations prevail – especially in the current financial climate.
When do you use a compromise agreement and what does it include? The ICPD reported in a survey of employers this month that more than half of companies have used compromise agreements as a way to solve workplace problems in the past two years. The average pay under a compromise agreement was £10,000, while one in five people reported a typical payment of £25,000 or more. It is expected that the government will encourage the continued use of compromise agreements as part of its current review of employment rules. They both have the same end result, but have different requirements for scope and validity A settlement agreement must generally follow the standard requirements of contract law to become legally binding between the parties and can cover a very wide range of potential claims. What types of claims can be settled by a compromise agreement? In countries that regulate waivers of employment claims through compromise agreements, compliance with standard contract law requirements will not be sufficient to respond to legal claims. A settlement agreement must generally meet the requirements of contract law We answer the question of what a compromise agreement is, give you its definition, its advantages, the scope of when it should be used, its legal requirements, the difference from a settlement agreement, examples of clauses in a model and more. What is remarkable about this definition is that a compromise agreement allows the parties to settle a previous claim through a replacement. A settlement agreement generally follows the common law of contracts for its formation and legally binding status, while a compromise agreement is the only way to waive certain legal rights by following the founding and validity provisions of the law.
Often, we negotiate a better offer than the one that is offered. We may be able to improve the compensation you receive and negotiate other terms such as privacy. Maybe you`re worried about a future reference or negative comments about you after you leave? Let us help ourselves. In practice, a compromise agreement will also include a waiver of claims for breach of contract, as well as legal claims, although this waiver does not necessarily have to meet the same requirements to be valid because a claim for breach of contract is a usual claim. A settlement agreement achieves the same goal as a compromise agreement, but depending on your jurisdiction, they have a slightly different scope and have different legal requirements. You may have a lot of questions and need the help of a friendly and experienced labor law expert. . | https://www.anastasiofasanaro.com/2022/04/20/will-compromise-agreement/ |
Are you using the terms correctly?
The general rules are well established regarding the use and misuse of the headings "without prejudice" and "subject to contract". However, recent cases highlight that such headings do not provide "magic protection" from legal consequences without consideration of the circumstances.
Any form of communication between negotiating parties, whether written correspondence, telephone calls or meetings, may be classified as 'without prejudice'. The legal effect of doing so will depend upon the substance of the communication. Public policy encourages genuine attempts by those in dispute to negotiate and settle their differences. Use of "without prejudice" allows them to negotiate behind a veil of confidentiality, with such communications being legally privileged and generally not admissible in evidence should the negotiations fail and the matter proceed to a trial.
However, privilege arises only if there is a real issue between the parties and the letter (or the discussion) is a genuine attempt to settle it. In Avonwick Holdings Limited v Webinvest Limited (2014) the court held that the "without prejudice" heading had no effect as at the time there was no dispute in existence nor was there any evidence of an agreement that the words would not be used in court.
Written communications (whether by letter or email) should therefore contain an admission, concession or offer to compromise. A letter demanding total capitulation and costs is unlikely to be privileged; nor for example does adding the heading to a defamatory letter prevent it being admissible in a libel action. Equally, omitting the heading from a genuine offer to compromise may not prove fatal if the letter is clearly written to begin or continue negotiations.
There are exceptions including where both parties consent, expressly or by implication, to waive their right to object to without prejudice statements being admissible in evidence. Other examples include where an agreement apparently reached should be set aside on the grounds of misrepresentation, fraud or undue influence or where exclusion of the evidence would act as a cloak for perjury, blackmail or other impropriety.
Unless a without prejudice offer is also expressly made subject to contract, acceptance of the offer will create a binding agreement (unless greater formality is required, for example, contracts in relation to land). Once a binding agreement has been reached, the correspondence will be admissible in court to prove the existence of the contract.
Correspondence marked "without prejudice save as to costs" may be read by the court after judgment in the main dispute to see whether a party has acted reasonably or to determine who has really "won", since such a letter may define the real issues between the parties and allow the implications for costs awards to be considered.
Always carefully consider the circumstances and ensure that you make it clear if a telephone conversation, meeting or written communication is "without prejudice" and keep a note of all discussions.
Surveyors, lawyers and other property professionals often send letters headed "subject to contract", "subject to lease", or "subject to licence". The intention is that the content of the letter will not have legal effect unless and until it is agreed that it will be binding on the parties.
Correspondence between solicitors acting on the sale and purchase of land is usually headed "subject to contract" because the parties do not wish to be bound unless and until the detailed terms of the contract have been agreed. At that point, typically there will be an exchange of contracts and a completion which will transfer title. Similarly parties may wish to negotiate a settlement in commercial disputes not relating to land. In both these situations "subject to contract" means what it says and the parties will not be bound unless and until contracts have been exchanged or there has been some form of completion. The words have the "suspensive" effect intended.
In Taylor v Burton (2015) the court considered whether there was a binding agreement between two parties for the execution of a deed in a dispute over a right of way. The court held there was no binding agreement as negotiations for the deed had been “subject to contract” and there was no evidence of an agreement to the contrary. This meant that either side, any time before the entry into such a formal contract, could withdraw from negotiations.
It is important to note however that Section 2 of the Law of Property (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1989 requires that for the sale or other disposition of land to be binding, it must be in writing and incorporate all the agreed terms in one signed document or where contracts are exchanged, in each part.
A different situation arises in the case of so called “unilateral” consent where it is only necessary for one party to a lease to give consent at the request of another party. Examples include where a tenant requires the landlord’s consent for alterations, an assignment or subletting. In these circumstances a “subject to licence” heading to a letter giving “in principle” consent subject to certain matters or formalities will not alone prevent that letter giving a binding consent. To avoid giving consent before formal documentation is concluded, in addition to the heading, additional wording is advisable. The following wording has for example been held to be sufficient to avoid consent: “for the avoidance of doubt, we must stress that this letter forms no consent in itself, and no consent will be granted until the execution of a formal licence to assign”.
Here again care needs to be taken to consider the circumstances. Some leases and contracts include provisions that provide a procedure to help the landlord regulate applications for licences or stipulate that consent must be in writing in a formal deed. | https://www.charlesrussellspeechlys.com/en/news-and-insights/insights/real-estate/2016/without-prejudice-and-subject-to-contract/ |
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The Edge Development Group Pty Ltd v Jack Road Investments Pty Ltd VSCA 91 (unreported, 24 April 2019, No S APCI 2018 0091, Kaye, McLeish and Hargrave JJA). This application for leave to appeal concerned a letter signed by the parties headed “Offer to Purchase” in respect of land in Cheltenham. The letter on the letterhead of the vendor’s real estate agent set out the proposed terms and conditions for the sale and purchase of the property, including a provision that a deposit of 20 per cent be paid on execution of contracts of sale with 1 per cent payable on the signing of the Offer to Purchase. It was stated that the offer “is subject to the contract being executed”. There was no vendor’s statement provided as required by s32 of the Sale of Land Act 1962 (Vic).
The vendor received a later offer which was better than the offer the subject of the letter and invited the purchaser to meet or better that offer. The purchaser, the applicant, lodged a caveat as purchaser. The respondent brought proceedings for the removal of the caveat. The purchaser then brought proceedings for specific performance.
Did the signed letter give rise to a binding contract for the sale and purchase of the land?
The Court made substantial reference to the decision of the High Court in Masters v Cameron (1954) 91 CLR 353. Their Honours referred to the third type of case identified at p360 of the judgment of the High Court by Dixon CJ, McTiernan and Kitto JJ, namely one in which “the intention of the parties is not to make a concluded bargain at all, unless and until they execute a formal contract”. In that judgment, the Court explained that this case was “fundamentally different”.
“. . . They are cases in which the terms of agreement are not intended to have, and therefore do not have, any binding effect of their own: Governor &c of the Poor of Kingston-upon-Hull v Petch. The parties may have so provided either because they have dealt only with major matters and contemplate that others will or may be regulated by provisions to be introduced into the formal document, as in Summergreene v Parker or simply because they wish to reserve to themselves a right to withdraw at any time until the formal document is signed. These possibilities were both referred to in Rossiter v Miller. Lord O’Hagan said: ‘Undoubtedly, if any prospective contract, involving the possibility of new terms, or the modification of those already discussed, remains to be adopted, matters must be taken to be still in a train of negotiation, and a dissatisfied party may refuse to proceed. But when an agreement embracing all the particulars essential for finality and completeness, even though it may be desired to reduce it to shape by a solicitor, is such that those particulars must remain unchanged, it is not, in my mind, less coercive because of the technical formality which remains to be made’. And Lord Blackburn said: ‘parties often do enter into a negotiation meaning that, when they have (or think they have) come to one mind, the result shall be put into formal shape, and then (if on seeing the result in that shape they find they are agreed) signed and made binding; but that each party is to reserve to himself the right to retire from the contract, if, on looking at the formal contract, he finds that though it may represent what he said, it does not represent what he meant to say. Whenever, on the true construction of the evidence, this appears to be the intention, I think that the parties ought not to be held bound till they have executed the formal agreement’. So, as Parker J said in Von Hatzfeldt-Wildenburg v Alexander in such a case there is no enforceable contract, either because the condition is unfulfilled or because the law does not recognize a contract to enter into a contract” (91 CLR 361-2) at (endnotes omitted).
The use of the words “subject to contract” has been recognised throughout the cases as creating “an overriding condition so that what has been agreed upon must be regarded as the intended basis for a future contract and not as constituting a contract” (91 CLR 362-3) at .
The primary judge had held that the signed letter fell into the High Court’s third category. He had noted that, apart from the words used, the deposit was not payable until after execution of the formal contract of sale. The absence of a s32 statement was also an indication that there was no binding contract. There was no evidence as to the basis on which the purchaser had been given keys to and access to the property.
On appeal, the applicant purchaser sought to argue that the use of the words “subject to contract” in the letter of offer was consistent in the circumstances with the creation of a legally binding contract immediately.
The Court of Appeal referred to the decision of the Court in Molonglo Group (Aust) Pty Ltd v Cahill VSCA 147 and said at -: “. . . First, the meaning of contractual terms is to be ascertained objectively having regard to the language of the contract and, where appropriate, the surrounding circumstances known to the parties. In Electricity Generation Corporation v Woodside Energy Ltd, French CJ, Hayne, Crennan and Kiefel JJ said:
[T]his Court has reaffirmed the objective approach to be adopted in determining the rights and liabilities of parties to a contract. The meaning of the terms of a commercial contract is to be determined by what a reasonable businessperson would have understood those terms to mean. That approach is not unfamiliar. As reaffirmed, it will require consideration of the language used by the parties, the surrounding circumstances known to them and the commercial purpose or objects to be secured by the contract. Appreciation of the commercial purpose or objects is facilitated by an understanding ‘of the genesis of the transaction, the background, the context [and] the market in which the parties are operating’.
“Likewise, where the issue is not the meaning of a term but whether the parties intended that the document in which it appears should be a binding contract, the issue is ‘to be determined, objectively, from the text of the document, construed in the context of the circumstances in which it came into being’. Again, it is relevant to take into account the commercial context and surrounding circumstances of the parties’ dealings. The parties’ pre-contractual conduct is relevant and admissible on the issue of what each party by their words and conduct would have led a reasonable person in the position of the other party to believe.
“Finally, post-contractual conduct can also be admissible on the issue of whether the parties intended a document to be a binding contract, but only in limited circumstances, such as where the conduct constitutes an admission against interest. Otherwise, the general position is that post-contractual conduct is not admissible for the purpose of construing a contract. The Court in Nurisvan explained that it may be relevant to examine correspondence and communications between the parties, including subsequent to the document in question, to place that document in the context of the negotiations and determine whether the parties intended it to constitute the terms of a binding agreement. Alternatively, even where there was no chain of correspondence providing context to the creation of the relevant document, subsequent negotiations and communications between the parties may be relevant to demonstrate the nature and extent of the terms that might be necessary for the conclusion of a binding agreement but which were not included in the document in question” (endnotes omitted).
Applying these principles the Court of Appeal said at -: “Taken together, these considerations lead to the conclusion that the parties did not intend the letter of offer to constitute a contract of sale, to be the subject of a later document but binding the parties in the meantime. Instead, the execution of a contract of sale was intended to mark the point at which the transaction became legally binding. That conclusion is unaffected by reading the letter of offer along with the confidentiality deed poll, to which the letter refers and which was signed at more or less the same time. As already mentioned, the confidentiality arrangement was consistent with the parties remaining in a state of negotiation, and its cessation upon execution of the contract of sale is one indication that the parties were thereafter bound by what they had agreed. The Edge’s submission in this Court that the terms of the confidentiality deed poll provided differently as to its cessation should be rejected. Clause 10 provided that the terms expired on the later of the parties’ agreement to that effect and the date of the confidential information entering the public domain. But there was nothing to stop the parties agreeing, as they did in the letter of offer, that the agreement would cease without the latter condition being specified. The handwritten amendment to that effect was plainly intended to have overriding operation.
“Nothing in the post-signature conduct of the parties leads to any different result. The provision of keys and access to the office and warehouse before a formal contract had been executed was not explained in the evidence. The evidence therefore does not enable these matters to be treated as admissions on the part of Jack Road as to the legal effect or operation of the letter of offer. No other basis for having regard to those matters was suggested. Equally, the evidence does not allow the Court to evaluate The Edge’s argument that provision of the keys and access amounted to a waiver of the terms of condition 4. Even if that argument had been pleaded and argued at trial, there was no evidentiary basis for its acceptance.”
Leave to appeal was refused.
Professor Greg Reinhardt is executive director of the Australasian Institute of Judicial Administration and a member of the Faculty of Law at Monash University, ph 9600 1311, email [email protected]. The numbers in square brackets in the text refer to the paragraph numbers in the judgment. The full version of this judgment can be found at www.austlii.edu.au.
Views expressed on liv.asn.au (Website) are not necessarily endorsed by the Law Institute of Victoria Ltd (LIV).
The information, including statements, opinions, documents and materials contained on the Website (Website Content) is for general information purposes only. The Website Content does not take into account your specific needs, objectives or circumstances, and it is not legal advice or services. Any reliance you place on the Website Content is at your own risk.
To the maximum extent permitted by law, the LIV excludes all liability for any loss or damage of any kind (including special, indirect or consequential loss and including loss of business profits) arising out of or in connection with the Website Content and the use or performance of the Website except to the extent that the loss or damage is directly caused by the LIV’s fraud or wilful misconduct. | https://www.liv.asn.au/Staying-Informed/LIJ/LIJ/June-2019-(1)/Offer-subject-to-contract-being-executed |
For a contract to exist between two parties there are three essential principles:
1. There is an Intention of the parties to create a legally binding relationship. The intention must be formal and binding between both parties otherwise the law will not enforce the promise if it was not intended to be legally binding. A moral obligation is not enforceable as an intention for a contract
2. There is a consideration for the agreement. For a contract to be enforceable there must be something offered from both parties; a one way promise is not a contract. An exchange such as a fee or sum provided by one party is exchanged for services provided by the other party is a valid consideration. Without consideration there can be no contract. A consideration must be provided by the party who wishes to enforce the contract.
3. That an ‘agreement’ is made between the parties. For an agreement to be valid there must be an offer and an acceptance. An acceptance can be by word (written or oral) or by conduct.
To reduce the risk it is preferable to have a formal written contract signed by both parties.
1.2 Explain what is meant by the term ‘Duty of Care’ and what are the implications upon the architect?
A duty of care is a legal obligation in tort law imposed on the Architect requiring they exercise a standard of reasonable care and diligence whilst carrying out professional work that could foreseeably harm others. If the architect breaches the duty of care this results in an action in negligence where they become liable in tort law.
A duty of care is also applicable in agency outside of any contractual arrangement.
It is not required that a duty of care be defined by law, however, it often develops through case law.
It is an ARB requirement that Architects adhere to the established standards of the profession and ‘exercise due skill, care and diligence,’ carrying out their work within agreed time-frames.
For a duty of care to be breached there must be three points met:
– Harm must be ‘reasonably foreseeable’ of the defendant’s conduct.
– A relationship of ‘proximity’ between the defendant and the claimant.
– It must be ‘fair, just and reasonable’ to impose liability.
1.3 With reference to the RIBA Standard Form for the Appointment of an Architect explain the purpose of the Net Contribution Clause.
The net contribution clause in the standard form of appointment of an architect limits the architects liability to the share of any loss that is the architects responsibility. The clause is there to provide a fair balance of risks between the architect and the client where the client has entered into separate contracts with other consultants. The purpose of this clause is to avoid being unfairly financially penalised for the mistakes of the other consultants. Insurance often demands for the Net contribution clause to be included so to insure the architects practice. If this clause is deleted by the client within a bespoke contract this may affect the professional indemnity insurance premium.
A net contribution clause means that where two or more parties are involved in the construction project each is liable but the liability will be limited to the amount that is determined by court.
1.4 Explain and define what is meant by a Letter of Intent. In a building construction contract, what are the circumstances under which it may be issued, what may be its objectives and what are the principal matters that it should contain?
Letter of intent is a document that sets out details of an agreement between two or more parties (e.g. An employer and the contractor) to enter into a contract before an agreement is finalised. It is often used to prevent delay at the start of a project, where an employer requires work to be commenced by a contractor before a formal contract has been agreed and signed. This can prove beneficial when there is a longer lead in time for ordering materials or to avoid lengthy delays in obtaining approvals and permissions.
A letter of intent is not a contract. It is a unilateral agreement in which one party confirms his intention to enter into a contract. A letter is no more than the expression in writing of a party’s present intention to enter into the contract at a future date. It is enforceable by the courts in respect of both the act and the remuneration however has no binding effect.For a letter of intent to exist it must contain: an instruction to act and confirmation that a sum will be paid however is insufficient to establish final contract arrangements.
1.5 What are the principal factors that determine the choice of a particular contract form and an appropriate procurement route? Clearly explain all of the issues.
The principal factors that determine the choice of an appropriate procurement route are cost, quality and time.
If time and cost are a priority, the quality will be decreased.
If time and quality are a priority, the cost will be increased.
If cost and quality are a priority, the time taken to build will be increased.
Factors such as control (Apportionment and risk and degree of Client involvement), size and value of project and complexity of project also help determine the choice for the form of contract.
Knowing the priorities of the project will determine the procurement route which fall into three main categories: traditional, design and build, or management.
With a traditional procurement route cost and quality are the priority at the expense of time; with the design and build time and cost are the priority at the expense of quality; and with management contracts, time and quality is the priority at the expense of cost.
All procurement routes have standard forms of contract. Many factors will determine which contract type to use including size, cost and complexity of project. Determining the contract type is directly related to the procurement method chosen. There are standard and non standard forms of contract although using standard forms of contract are much more straight forward as they are fair and balanced in the interests of both parties.
1.6 Clearly explain all the processes that are followed in ‘traditional’ Design and Build procurement leading to the appointment of a contractor. Clearly explain what is meant by the term ‘Novation’ in this context
The employer usually employs a single contractor as the sole point of responsibility for the design, management and delivery of the project. The contractor prepares and completes the design by subcontracting or novating the architect and design team to carry out elements of the design. The contractor then constructs the works to meet the requirements of the employer. This is suitable for most types of projects and employers where the employer requires cost certainty and fast delivery of a project, where the employer wants a single fixed price that covers design and construction and the single point of contact between the employer and contractor. The contractor takes responsibility for both the design and the construction of the project. Novation is the term used in contract law to describe the act of replacing a party with an agreement with a new party. In novated design and build, the contractor prepares and completes the design and working details by supervising subcontractors. The contractor then novates the original architect or subcontractors to carry out design elements and constructs the work to meet the requirements of the employer.
1.7 Clearly define and explain the role and obligations of the Principal Designer under the CDM protocol
Construction Design Management (CDM) is intended to protect the health and safety of people working in construction, and others who may be affected by their activities.
A principle designer is a designer who is appointed by the client to take control of the pre construction phase of any project involving more than one contractor. They influence how risks to health and safety are managed throughout the project.
The key obligations of the principle designer under the CDM protocol are to:
– Plan, manage, monitor and coordinate health and safety in the pre-construction phase
– Help and advise the client to produce the pre-construction information and provide this to designers and contractors in order for them to carry out their duties
– Work together with other consultants on the team to eliminate foreseeable health and safety risks. Where this is not possible they need to take steps to reduce or control those risks.
– Ensure that proper communication and coordination takes place
– communicate with a principle contractor informing them of any risks that need to be controlled during the construction phase.
The principle designers need to possess:
– Skills, Knowledge and Experience and Organisational Capability
– Awareness of their Client duties before starting work
– Understanding of the Principles of Prevention
– Avoiding risks through perceptive design (including risks to occupiers and others ‘in use’)
– Provide relevant information in a timely manner. | https://farmersfeastmanitoba.com/for-on-the-architect-requiring-they-exercise-a/ |
Here you'll be introduced to the bare basics of mathematics. Topics include commonly used words and phrases, symbols, and how to follow the order of operations.
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Measurements
An introduction to numerical computation. Emphasis is placed on scientific and engineering notation, the rule of significant figures, and converting between SI and Imperial units.
-
Trigonometry with Right Triangles
Here we focus on right angle triangles within quadrant I of an x-y plane. None of the angles we evaluate here are greater than 90°. A unit on trigonometry with oblique triangles is covered later.
-
Trigonometry with Oblique Triangles
This unit is a continuation of trigonometry with right triangles except we'll extend our understanding to deal with angles *greater* than 90°. Resolving and combining vectors will be covered at the end of this unit.
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Vector Analysis
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Introduction to Algebra
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Factoring
-
Solving Equations
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Functions and Graphs
-
Geometry
This unit focuses on analyzing and understand the characteristics of various shapes, both 2D and 3D.
- Identify, measure, and calculate different types of straight lines and angles
- Calculate the interior angles of polygons
- Solve problems involving a variety of different types of triangles
- Calculate the area of a variety of different types of quadrilaterals
- Solve problems involving circles
- Calculate the areas and volumes of different solids
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Introduction to Statistics
Common Factors
Another major part of algebra and converting quadratics into different forms is the ability to common factor. Think of this as the opposite of “expanding”, which is what we did in in the previous unit. When you factor an expression, you’re making it more condensed.
Let’s start with what factor means. Let’s say we had the expression:
- 4(2). “Four times two” – Both the 4 and 2 are factors.
- 4(x + 3). “Four times bracket x plus 3” – This time 4 and (x + 3) are factors.
- 4(x + 3)(x – 9). “Four times bracket x plus 3 times bracket x minus 9” – This time 4, (x + 3), and (x – 9) are factors.
Simply put, a factor is a number that is multiplied in order to get another number.
To find common factors of a polynomial, you have to look for numbers or variables that will divide out of each term in the expression. Take for example the expression:
- 2x² + 4. Notice that 2 can divide out (factor out) of both terms, giving us: 2(x² + 2). Therefore, 2 is considered the greatest common factor (GCF).
- Similarly, if we had the binomial, 2x² + 4x, we could factor out 2x, giving us 2x(x + 2). Notice that there’s one x variable in common in both terms this time.
- In both examples above, the common factors happened to monomials (algebraic expression of one term). However, common factors can be binomials too – examples of these be shown in the last video link below.
To factor a polynomial:
- Find the GCF of the terms.
- Write the GCF as the first factor outside a set of brackets.
- Divide each term by the GCF, writing the result inside the brackets.
Let’s watch a video of this in action:
Common Factor Fractions
There’s a special technique involved when common factoring expressions made up of fractions. The video below explains how such expressions are factored:
Common Factor by Grouping
Often there is no common factor for all the terms in a polynomial, but some of the terms have a common factor. A process of factoring by grouping can sometimes be used with these polynomials. This process involves factoring groups of terms first, instead of factoring the entire polynomial. Here are a few examples of this in action. Question (3) requires that you know how to factor a difference of squares; this technique hasn’t been introduced yet, so you can skip it for now.
Moving forward, remember the following:
Factoring a polynomial is the opposite of expanding a polynomial. | https://studyforce.com/course/mathematics-for-technology-i-math-1131/lessons/common-factor/ |
How do you solve #3x^3 -2x^2 -12x + 8 = 0#?
2 Answers
Answer:
With a large polynomial like this, you'll need to factor in order to isolate the x and solve for it.
Explanation:
This is the equation you're given:
Separate the polynomial into two parts, and factor that way.
You can factor out
The fully factored polynomial is
But remember... the question asks you to solve the equation.
Set the factored polynomial to zero and solve for x (you will end up with three values of x):
Your final answers are
Answer:
Explanation:
Common factors
Three solutions (B.S
(1)
(2)
(3)
So, the problem has 3 solutions, | https://socratic.org/questions/how-do-you-solve-3x-3-2x-2-12x-8-0 |
Give the degree and classify the polynomial by the number of terms. A. degree: 2; trinomial B. degree: 3; binomial C. degree: 3; trinomial D. degree: 2; binomial Is B correct?
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Math
Find the discriminant for the quadratic equation f(x) = 5x^2 - 2x + 7 and describe the nature of the roots. discriminant is 144, one real root discriminant is -136, two complex roots
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algebra
Write the polynomial in standard form. Then name the polynomial based on its degree and number of terms. 2 – 11x^2 – 8x + 6x^2 A. –5x^2 – 8x + 2; quadratic trinomial B. –5x^2 – 8x; quadratic binomial C. –6x^2 – 8x
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polynomial/synthetic or long division
If the polynomial x^3+6x^2+11x+6 expresses the volume, in cubic inches, of the box, and the width is (x+1)in., what are the dimensions of the box? I need to answer the question in long dvision or synthetic division, the thing is i
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Algebra
Use synthetic division to divide the polynomial 2x^3 – 12x – 5 by x + 4, Write the quotient polynomial and the remainder. [Be careful – notice that there is no x2 term.]. Show work.
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Algebra 1
Just checking my answers. What is the sum or difference? 1. 2x^4 - 8x^4 A. -6x^8 B. -6x^4*** C. -16x^4 D. -16x^8 What is the sum or difference 2. 10y^10 - 14y^10 A. -4y^20 B. -140y^20 C. -140y^10 D. -4y^10*** 3. Write the
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algebra
Determine whether each expression is a polynomial. If it is a polynomial, find the degree and determine whether it is a monomial, binomial, or trinomial. 1. 7a^2b + 3b^2 – a^2b 2. 6g^2h^3k
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Math
Part 1: Suppose you divide a polynomial by a binomial. How do you know if the binomial is a factor of the polynomial? Create a sample problem that has a binomial which IS a factor of the polynomial being divided, and another
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Math
State whether each expression is a polynomial. If the expression is a polynomial, identify it as monomial,a binomial, or a trinomial. 1.1/5y^3+y^2-9 2.6g^2h^3k Are these the right answers? Thanks 1.No 2.Yes, monomials.
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Algebra 2 help please :)
What is a cubic polynomial function in standard form with zeros 1, –2, and 2? Use synthetic division to find P(3) for P(x) = x^4 – 6x^3 – 4x^2 – 6x – 2. Divide 3x^3 + 3x^2 + 2x – 2 by x + 3 using long division. Divide
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math help pls pls pls
Four polynomials are shown below: A. 2 − 2x5 + 2x2 B. 5x3 + 5 − 5x4 C. 3x + 2x5 D. 6x3 − 1 Which of the above polynomials is a 5th degree binomial? Polynomial A Polynomial B Polynomial C Polynomial D pls help me
You can view more similar questions or ask a new question. | https://www.jiskha.com/questions/158238/how-is-dividing-a-polynomial-by-a-binomial-similar-to-or-different-from-the-long-division |
After you’ve checked to see if there’s a Greatest Common Factor (GCF) in a given polynomial and discovered it’s a binomial that isn’t a difference of squares, you should consider that it may be a difference or sum of cubes.
A difference of cubes sounds an awful lot like a difference of squares, but it factors quite differently. A difference of cubes is a binomial that is of the form (something)3 – (something else)3. To factor any difference of cubes, you use the formula a3 – b3 = (a – b)(a2 + ab + b2).
A sum of cubes is a binomial of the form: (something)3 + (something else)3. When you recognize a sum of cubes a3 + b3, it factors as (a + b)(a2 – ab + b2).
Check to see if the expression is a difference of squares.
You want to consider the possibility because the expression has two terms, but the plus sign between the two terms quickly tells you that it isn’t a difference of squares.
Determine if you must use a sum or difference of cubes.
The plus sign tells you that it may be a sum of cubes, but that clue isn’t foolproof. Time for some trial and error: Try to rewrite the expression as the sum of cubes; if you try (2x)3 + (3)3, you’ve found a winner.
Break down the sum or difference of cubes by using the factoring shortcut.
Replace a with 2x and b with 3. The formula becomes [(2x) + (3)] [(2x)2 – (2x)(3) + (3)2].
This example simplifies to (2x + 3)(4x2 – 6x + 9).
Check the factored polynomial to see if it will factor again.
You’re not done factoring until you’re done. Always look at the “leftovers” to see if they’ll factor again. Sometimes the binomial term may factor again as the difference of squares. However, the trinomial factor never factors again.
In this example, the binomial term 2x + 3 is a first-degree binomial (the exponent on the variable is 1) without a GCF, so it won’t factor again. Therefore, (2x + 3)(4x2 – 6x + 9) is your final answer. | https://www.dummies.com/education/math/pre-calculus/how-to-break-down-a-cubic-difference-or-sum/ |
factor(f) computes a factorization f = u f1e1 … frer of the polynomial f, where u is the content of f, f1, …, fr are the distinct primitive irreducible factors of f, and e1, …, er are positive integers.
factor rewrites its argument as a product of as many terms as possible. In a certain sense, it is the complementary function of expand, which rewrites its argument as a sum of as many terms as possible.
If f is a polynomial whose coefficient ring is not Expr, then f is factored over its coefficient ring. See Example 10.
If f is a polynomial with coefficient ring Expr, then f is factored over the smallest ring containing the coefficients. Mathematically, this implied coefficient ring always contains the ring ℤ of integers. See Example 4. If the coefficient ring R of f is not Expr, then we say that the implied coefficient ring is R. Elements of the implied coefficient ring are considered to be constants and are not factored any further. In particular, the content u is an element of the implied coefficient ring.
With the option Adjoin, the elements of adjoin are also adjoined to the coefficient ring.
If the second argument F or, alternatively, Domain = F is given, then f is factored over the real numbers ℝ or the complex numbers ℂ. Factorization over ℝ or ℂ is performed using numerical calculations and the results will contain floating-point numbers. See Example 5.
If f is an arithmetical expression but not a number, it is considered as a rational expression. Non-rational subexpressions such as sin(x), exp(1), x^(1/3) etc., but not constant algebraic subexpressions such as I and (sqrt(2)+1)^3, are replaced by auxiliary variables before factoring. Algebraic dependencies of the subexpressions, such as the equation cos(x)2 = 1 - sin(x)2, are not necessarily taken into account. See Example 7.
The resulting expression is then written as a quotient of two polynomial expressions in the original and the auxiliary indeterminates. The numerator and the denominator are converted into polynomials with coefficient ring Expr via poly, and the implied coefficient ring is the smallest ring containing the coefficients of the numerator polynomial and the denominator polynomial. Usually, this is the ring of integers. Then both polynomials are factored over the implied coefficient ring, and the multiplicities ei corresponding to factors of the denominator are negative integers; see Example 3. After the factorization, the auxiliary variables are replaced by the original subexpressions. See Example 6.
If f is an integer, then it is decomposed into a product of primes, and the result is the same as for ifactor. If f is a rational number, then both the numerator and the denominator are decomposed into a product of primes. In this case, the multiplicities ei corresponding to factors of the denominator are negative integers. See Example 2.
If f is a floating point number or a complex number, then factor returns a factorization with the single factor f.
The result of factor is an object of the domain type Factored. Let g:=factor(f) be such an object.
It is represented internally by the list[u, f1, e1, ..., fr, er] of odd length 2 r + 1. Here, f1 through fr are of the same type as the input (either polynomials or expressions); e1 through er are integers; and u is an arithmetical expression.
One may extract the content u and the terms fiei by the ordinary index operator [ ], i.e., g = f1^e1, g = e1^e2, ... if u = 1 and g = u, g = f1^e1, g = e1^e2, ..., respectively, if u ≠ 1.
The call Factored::factors(g) yields the list [f1, f2, ...] of factors, the call Factored::exponents(g) returns the list [e1, e2, ...] of exponents.
The call coerce(g,DOM_LIST) returns the internal representation of a factored object, i.e., the list [u, f1, e1, f2, e2, ...].
Note that the result of factor is printed as an expression, and it is implicitly converted into an expression whenever it is processed further by other MuPAD® functions. As an example, the result of q:=factor(x^2+2*x+1) is printed as (x+1)^2, which is an expression of type "_power".
See Example 1 for illustrations, and the help page of Factored for details.
If f is not a number, then each of the polynomials p1, …, pr is primitive, i.e., the greatest common divisor of its coefficients (see content and gcd) over the implied coefficient ring (see above for a definition) is one.
Currently, factoring polynomials is possible over the following implied coefficient rings: integers, real numbers, complex numbers and rational numbers, finite fields—represented by IntMod(n) or Dom::IntegerMod(n) for a prime number n, or by a Dom::GaloisField—, and rings obtained from these basic rings by taking polynomial rings (see Dom::DistributedPolynomial, Dom::MultivariatePolynomial, Dom::Polynomial, and Dom::UnivariatePolynomial), fields of fractions (see Dom::Fraction), and algebraic extensions (see Dom::AlgebraicExtension).
If the input f is an arithmetical expression that is not a number, all occurring floating-point numbers are replaced by continued fraction approximations. The result is sensitive to the environment variable DIGITS, see numeric::rationalize for details.
Usually, expressions are factored over the ring of integers, and factors with non-integral coefficients, such as x - I in the example above, are not considered.
Some of the functionality of this domain is described in what follows.
This output means that all fi are irreducible. Other possible types are "squarefree" (see polylib::sqrfree) or "unknown".
For a detailed description of these objects, please refer to the help page of the domain Factored.
With the option Full, a complete factorization into linear factors can be computed.
Only algebraic numbers of a maximum degree n will be adjoined to the rational numbers. If not specified, all coefficients up to degree 2 are adjoined. n must be a positive integer.
In addition to the coefficients of f, the elements of adjoin are adjoined to the rational numbers. Elements of algebraic degree larger than the value of the option MaxDegree are not adjoined. adjoin must be a set or list.
Compute a numerical factorization over or , respectively.
Compute the full factorization of f into linear factors. This option has no effect on multivariate polynomials.
Object of the domain type Factored.
The factoring algorithms are collected in a separate library domain faclib; it should not be necessary to call these routines directly.
The implemented algorithms include Cantor-Zassenhaus (over finite fields) and Hensel lifting (over the rational numbers and in the multivariate case). | https://kr.mathworks.com/help/symbolic/mupad_ref/factor.html |
AP Board Class 9 Maths Chapter 2, discusses the concept of polynomials, its definition and several other aspects like the degree of a polynomial, zeros of a polynomial and the division algorithm for Polynomials. In addition to this, some of the other important topics covered in Chapter 2 include;
- Factorisation of Polynomials.
- Remainder and Factor Theorem.
- Some Algebraic Identities.
What Is A Polynomial?
An algebraic expression, which contains two or more terms is known as a polynomial. A polynomial is usually made up of variables, constants, exponents and is a result of either addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. There are several types of polynomials like monomials containing one term, binomials containing only two terms and trinomials which contains three terms. Further, there is linear polynomial which is a polynomial of degree 1. Similarly, there is quadratic polynomial and cubic polynomial, which are polynomials with degree 2 and degree 3 respectively.
Talking about polynomials in one variable these are expressions, which consist of only one type of variable. However, polynomials can have zero or more than two variables.
Factorisation of Polynomials
Factorisation of polynomials is the process of expressing a polynomial or breaking a polynomial into the product of its factors.
- Factor Theorem: If x – a is a factor of the polynomial p(x), then p(a) = 0. Also if p(a) = 0 then (x – a) is a factor of p(x).
- Remainder Theorem: If p(x) is any polynomial of degree greater than or equal to 1 and p(x) is divided by the linear polynomial (x – a), then the remainder is p(a).
Some Algebraic Identities
|Identity I||(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2|
|Identity II||(a – b)2 = a2– 2ab + b2|
|Identity III||(a + b)(a – b) = a2 – b2|
|Identity IV||(x + a)(x + b) = x2 + (a + b) x + ab|
Students can have a look at some of the chapter questions along with their solutions below;
Question 1: Which of these is a monomial, 2x2 or 5x-3?
Solution: 2x2 because the exponent of the variable is a positive integer.
Question 2: Factor 3x3 – x2y +6x2y – 2xy2 + 3xy2 – y3 =
Solution: 3x3 – x2y + 6x2y – 2xy2 + 3xy2 – y3
=x2(3x – y) + 2xy(3x – y) + y2(3x-y)
=(3x – y)(x2 + 2xy + y2)
=(3x – y)(x + y)2
Question 3: Find the remainder when x3 + 1 divided by (x + 1)
Solution:
Here p(x) = x 3 + 1
The zero of the linear polynomial x + 1 is -1 [x + 1 = 0, x = -1]
So replacing x by -1
p(-1) = (-1)3 + 1
= -1 + 1
= 0
Keep Visiting BYJU’s to know more about AP SSC Board and access various study materials, including the syllabus, exam timetable and more. | https://byjus.com/ap-board/ap-class-9-maths-chapter-2-polynomials-and-factorisation/ |
A quadratic equation is a polynomial function typically increased to the second power. The equation is represented by terms composed of a variable and constants. A quadratic equation in its classic form is ax^2+bx+c=0, where x is a variable and the letters are coefficients. You can use a quadratic equation for graphing, using the variable and coefficients as plotting points. The most important points are termed "zeroes," or "roots," and can be found by using the bridge method of factoring.
Remove any coefficients from the leading term. If the equation is 3x^2 - 2x + 3 = 0, then multiply all of the terms by 3 to remove the leading coefficient to obtain x^2 - 6x + 9 = 0.
Determine what factors of the modified constant term will produce the sum of the second term. When -3 is multiplied by -3, the result is 9. -3 added to -3 will produce the sum of -6.
Sciencing Video Vault
Write the quadratic equation in factored form. x^2 - 6 + 9 = 0 becomes (x-3) (x-3) = 0.
Divide the numerical constants in the factored form by the coefficient removed in the beginning. Move the coefficient to the beginning of the factored form. So (x-3) (x-3) = 0 should become 3(x-1/3) (x-1/3) = 0.
Solve the equation for the zeroes. 3(x-1/3) (x-1/3) = 0 becomes (x-1/3) (x-1/3) = 0 and yields that both zeroes are equal to 1/3. | https://sciencing.com/bridge-method-factoring-7152425.html |
This page covers the following topics:
1. Factorising linear equations
2. Factorising quadratic equations
3. The quadratic equation
4. Factor Theorem
When solving linear equations we generally want to rearrange it, and make some variable the 'subject' of the formula. Something is the subject of the formula if it appears by itsel on one side of the equation. For example, if y = 2x + 3, then y is the subject. To solve an equation for y, we want to isolate it like that on one side, and then evaluate the terms on the other side with numbers we know.
When given a quadratic such as (x + 1)(x + 2), we can multiply out the brackets using FOIL (meaning first, outside, inside, last), giving x² + 2x + x + 2, which is just x² + 3x + 2. However, for solving a quadratic it's more useful to do this process in reverse. Given some quadratic like x² + 3x + 2, we want to find 2 values to fit in (x + _)(x + _). We know these values need to equal 2 when multiplied together, and when summed they need to equal 3. Once we spot the values 1 and 2 for this, we have (x + 1)(x + 2), and it's very easy to solve an equation like (x + 1)(x + 2) = 0, because this just gives our solutions x = –1 and –2.
We have a quadratic equation of the form ax² + bx + c = 0, where a, b, and c are just coefficients. The solutions to the quadratic are given by the quadratic formula: x = (–b +– √(b² – 4ac))/2a.
For a polynomial f(x), if f(a) = 0 then we know (x – a) is a factor of the polynomial. Likewise, is we know (x – a) is a factor then f(a) = 0. While not particularly useful for quadratics, this can prove helpful in factorising more difficult polynomials of order 3 or above.
1
Identify a factor of f(x) = x⁵ + 1.
2
Factorise x² + 5x + 6.
3
Solve 22x + x² = –21.
4
Identify a factor of f(x)= x³ + x² + x – 3.
5
Solve s – 4 = b + 3 for b when s = 4. | https://www.studysquare.co.uk/test/Maths/OCR/A-level/Factorising-techniques |
In this episode, Nicole walks you through the process of breaking a complex problem down into smaller pieces—making it easier to solve, with less stress!
Solving code challenges is hard enough as it is, but new developers sometimes run away because they can’t see past the surface complexity.
In reality, each problem or code challenge we face can be broken down into smaller problems that are much easier to solve. Then, you connect the dots to put together a solution to the larger problem as a whole. I’ll provide some examples and advice for pulling apart your problems that you can use immediately!
My hope is that after this episode, you’ll feel more confident leveraging problem breakdown as a valuable tool in your problem solving toolbox. (Technically, it’s one step of 8 in a problem solving approach!)
Peace, love, and code, | https://www.lavieencode.net/podcast/045-how-to-break-down-a-problem/ |
Shirley J. Caruso, Ed.D.
What is Human Resource Development?
Human Resource Development, or HRD, is often difficult to explain to others and is often confused with Human Resources. HRD is a practice that combines training, organization development, and career development efforts to encourage improvement of individual, group, and organizational performance. Its purpose is to enhance employee performance/productivity, which leads to employee and customer satisfaction and an increase in the profitability of the organization. HRD is comprised of four basic sections: personal development, professional development, performance administration or management, and organization development. Each section will differ in significance from one organization to the next. The significance of each section within an organization may depend upon the extent of the organization’s focus to improve human resources. Personal and professional development concentrate on the growth and development of the individual, while performance administration or management and organization development place their focus on a whole system approach to the effectiveness of the organization.
HRD, TD, and OD
HRD by definition is both a field of discipline and a professional field of practice. In practice, it is a process within the organization that encompasses Training and Development (TD) and Organization Development (OD). Training and Development refers to the harnessing of human expertise in order to improve performance, and Organization Development refers to the empowering of the organization so that it can take advantage of its human capital. TD when alone, can result in untapped human knowledge and skills. OD alone, on the other hand, can result in an oppressed and frustrated workforce. Thus, it is the aim of HRD to make TD and OD fit together with each other in order to provide a strong foundation for the workforce. As such, it seeks to improve or develop and deliver expertise to enhance the performance of individuals in their jobs, team and organizational process in a given organization. To accomplish this, there are three areas on which Human Resource Development training is focused, namely; the improvement of human relations within the workplace, improvement of work processes, and systematic performance-based training. These three areas correspond to the core beliefs of HRD as a discipline. The field of HRD is undergirded by systematic performance-based training, or instructional design.
What is Instructional Design?
Instructional design is a multistep, systematic, and reflective process (traditionally including five phases of activities: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation) based upon principles of learning that fosters the creation of a plan for activities, materials, information resources, media, and evaluation that increase knowledge, enhance skills and competencies, enrich attitudes, and improve behaviors by maximizing the effectiveness, efficiency, and appeal of instruction and other learning experiences. This definition of the field of instructional design provides an overview of the field by breaking down its many components. This definition implies that instructional design is a reflective process. There are multiple steps in the process, and the foundation for the processes are the principles of learning. Instructional designers apply these steps to plan for activities, materials, information resources, media, and evaluation. The output for the learners is an enhancement of knowledge, skills, and/or attitudes. And the ultimate result of the combined components is instruction that is effective, efficient, and appealing.
Instructional Design Criticism
A key criticism to the traditional approach to instructional design, such as the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate) model of instruction design, has been that these traditional approaches emphasize breaking complex skills down into their component parts, and designing instruction that initially focuses on teaching those component skills. The whole task models of instructional design prescribe that throughout a sequence of instruction, learners should be presented with a series of progressively more difficult whole task problems of the type that the learners will be expected to solve by the end of that instructional sequence.
Even though the whole task models of instructional design have been proposed in response to criticism of the traditional approaches, many HRD professionals remain proponents of the traditional approaches. They neither think the whole-task approach is an improvement over traditional instructional design models, nor do they think traditional approaches should reign over whole task models. They merely think the two approaches are different approaches and should be utilized according to the defined learning objectives of the program they will help to design. In some instances, increasing the difficulty or complexity of problems for learners to solve would, in many instances, frustrate learners if they are not ready, or haven’t mastered the knowledge and skill to be taught to the degree which would enable them to problem solve at a higher level. The reason many HRD professionals remain advocates for the traditional instructional design models is because they believe scaffolded learning is provided to learners by emphasizing breaking complex skills down into their component parts, and designing instruction that initially focuses on teaching those component skills.
Traditional Instructional Design Models Provide Scaffolded Learning
Traditional instructional design models provide scaffolded learning to learners by emphasizing breaking complex skills down into their component parts, and designing instruction that initially focuses on teaching those component skills. Similar to the scaffolding used in construction to support workers as they work on a specific task, instructional scaffolds are provide learners with the temporary support they need to successfully accomplish new tasks and concepts they could not typically achieve on their own. Once students are able to complete or master the component parts of a task, the scaffolding is gently removed, and the responsibility of learning shifts from the instructor to the student. In other words, the student is left with the confidence he or she needs to perform the task without support of the instructor, and is ready to learn the next component part of the whole task. Without this intermittent support, the student may fail and lose confidence and ultimately, their motivation to learn. Failing to help students understand their likelihood for success by failing to support or scaffold their learning will decrease their motivation because they may feel they are unlikely able to meet the objectives. Learning must be rewarding or satisfying in some way. If it is not, learners are likely to become unmotivated. | http://hrdevelopmentinfo.com/2867/ |
What are key words for word problems?
What are key words for word problems?
Below is a partial list.
- Addition: increased by. more than. combined, together. total of.
- Subtraction: decreased by. minus, less. difference between/of.
- Multiplication: of. times, multiplied by. product of.
- Division: per, a. out of. ratio of, quotient of.
- Equals. is, are, was, were, will be. gives, yields. sold for, cost.
What words tell you to multiply in a word problem?
Word problems will often use “every,” “rate,” or “each” to denote multiplication.
What are the keywords of multiplication?
Smaller pieces of the products are called factors and some trigger words that tell you to use the multiplication operation are: times, quadruple, for every, double, and per. So when we see or hear these words, we know we need to multiply.
What is the acronym we use to solve word problems?
A good way to solve word problems is by using the method called “GRASS.” GRASS is an acronym for Given, Required, Analysis, Solution, and Statement. You can use GRASS, step by step, to break down a word problem, making it easier to solve.
How do you solve algebra word problems?
To solve an algebraic word problem:
- Define a variable.
- Write an equation using the variable.
- Solve the equation.
- If the variable is not the answer to the word problem, use the variable to calculate the answer.
What is a word problem with examples?
Word problems commonly include mathematical modelling questions, where data and information about a certain system is given and a student is required to develop a model. For example: Jane had $5.00, then spent $2.00. How much does she have now?
What are keywords for equal?
The leading keyword, PRODUCT OF, indicates the eight is multiplied by a number. Note: The first expression is translated, then the equal sign is translated, and then the expression on the right of the equal sign. Often, in mathematics, breaking the problem up into smaller pieces can increase your success.
What is the solve strategy?
The SOLVE Strategy is an explicit instruction, mnemonic-based learning strategy designed to help students in solving mathematical word problems. National statistics indicate that a signifi- cant percentage of students perform at or below basic lev- els in math.
What is the abbreviation of problem?
PB. (redirected from problem)
How do you turn a linear equation into a word problem?
Here are some steps to follow:
- Understand the problem. Understand all the words used in stating the problem. Understand what you are asked to find.
- Translate the problem to an equation. Assign a variable (or variables) to represent the unknown.
- Carry out the plan and solve the problem. | https://www.pursuantmedia.com/2020/09/21/what-are-key-words-for-word-problems/ |
Algorithmic Business Thinking
As we embrace the new managerial paradigms of the digital era and the knowledge economy that fuels it, we need to become more acquainted with new definitions and terms.
One such term is “algorithmic business thinking” coined at MIT and defined as “a series of interconnected insights, frameworks, and models to help us break complex problems down into their smaller constituent parts.” This then allows us to work on them in parallel, and then recombine them in ways that uncover opportunities for sustainable growth.
Algorithms are essentially “a set of steps to solve a problem” and typically take the form of a sequence of computer instructions. And through developments in machine learning, these can improve with use, as they are fed more data through time - in other words, they can continually learn by themselves without further programming.
So how does this work in practice? Well, an algorithmic business approach involves breaking complex problems into smaller ones for easier solvability, recognizing the patterns of failure and success, and knowing how to apply strategies that were effective in one domain of the organization to others. | https://www.rossidesassociates.com/single-post/algorithms-in-the-context-of-management |
A reductionist view or the breaking down of the whole into smaller, more manageable parts is commonplace among managerial frameworks. When faced with complex issues, managers are often motivated to analyze and solve problems by focusing on each part of a system, often disregarding the interconnectedness of the parts and how each part behaves in a nonlinear structure of a circular system. System theory focuses on the whole and is a robust tool to study the multidimensions of sustainability-relate strategies in business. In this teaching case study, students will be introduced to a system in its full complexity including interconnections between the elements, the variety of relationships (negative and positive feedback loop, reinforcing relationships, balancing relationships), and to unintended consequences – i.e., when a change in one part of the system, changes the other parts. Students will also be introduced to the idea of identifying leverage points and to understand that decision-makers can positively change a system. This teaching case study is being designed for graduate level courses such as Social and Environmental Sustainability in Business, Business and Society, and Strategic Management. | https://www.mgt.unm.edu/nmforgood/teaching/default.asp |
If you're struggling to clear up a math equation, try breaking it down into smaller, more manageable pieces. This will help you better understand the problem and how to solve it.
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Math is a subject that can be difficult for some students to grasp. However, with a little practice and perseverance, anyone can learn to love math! | https://whatsupwhimsy.com/equation-from-c-to-f-16 |
Microservices are a software architecture pattern that involves breaking down a monolithic application into smaller, independent components called microservices. These microservices are designed to be independently deployable, scalable, and maintainable, and can be managed by different teams or even different organizations.
One of the main benefits of using microservices is that it allows for greater flexibility and agility in development. Because each microservice is self-contained and can be developed and deployed independently, it is easier to make changes or updates to individual components without affecting the entire system. This makes it easier to add new features or make improvements and allows teams to work more efficiently and quickly.
Microservices also have the advantage of being more resilient and scalable. Because each microservice is independent, if one component fails or experiences performance issues, it will not bring down the entire system. Additionally, because microservices can be scaled independently, it is easier to scale the system as a whole to meet changing demands.
However, microservices do have some drawbacks. They can be more complex to design and implement and may require more resources and infrastructure to manage. Additionally, communication between microservices can add overhead and may require more advanced networking and security measures.
In summary, microservices are a powerful software architecture pattern that can bring many benefits to development teams, including increased flexibility, agility, resilience, and scalability. While they may require more resources and infrastructure to implement and manage, they can help teams to build and maintain complex systems more efficiently and effectively. | https://blog.staginginstance.com/what-is-microservice/ |
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Materials Included in Kit:
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Flat washer, ⅜" hole, 8
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Steel ball, solid, ¾", 8
HS-PS3-1. Create a computational model to calculate the change in the energy of one component in a system when the change in energy of the other component(s) and energy flows in and out of the system are known.
HS-PS3-2. Develop and use models to illustrate that energy at the macroscopic scale can be accounted for as a combination of energy associated with the motion of particles (objects) and energy associated with the relative position of particles (objects).
HS-PS3-3. Design, build, and refine a device that works within given constraints to convert one form of energy into another form of energy.
HS-ETS1-2. Design a solution to a complex real-world problem by breaking it down into smaller, more manageable problems that can be solved through engineering. | https://www.flinnsci.com/conservation-of-energy-on-an-inclined-plane---advanced-inquiry-laboratory-kit/ap7727/ |
The First Way of DevOps puts a huge emphasis on the flow of work, which factors in a timeline, a roster of leads and subject matter experts, and a work path with clearly defined roles, tasks, and expected outcomes. This is the basis for establishing work expectations, as well as what the outcome of the work must be. These things are the underpinnings of work visibility – the way in which performance and quality are driven by ownership and accountability.
The First Way aims to solve the problem with invisible work, meaning to say it aims to organise the work process, so that everyone in the organisation knows what their role is and the scope of their work. This is the way to establish a beginning and an end for a task, a stage, or a phase, and where each of these endings should connect to, in order to trigger work for the next step in the process. Showing this in a stream of steps, as in a value stream map, can effectively answer the proverbial question, “who’s turn is it now?”
This question is quite difficult to answer without a work map in place. A value stream map is what makes it possible to specify, quatinfy, and measure work that is difficult to do so due to its intagible nature. Without any sort of visual representation for work and time, it’s almost impossible to accurately assess or observe work productivity and efficiency levels, making it difficult to identify problem areas that can hamper or slow down progress.
The importance of making work visible
There will always be dependencies at work, and unknown dependencies are one of the major culprits that hampers the progress at work. Hand offs are the usual problem points, when receiving teams are unaware of the work that the handing off teams are sending their way. This creates a gap that lengthens lead times which results to time wastage.
To solve this problem, we have to make the invisible work, visible. We do this by tapping into our nature as visual observers, using tools like Kanban Boards that make use of physical representations of all of the work involved in a project, and using assessment methods to identify the weak points and problem points on a team level and on an organisational level; everyone needs to see the direction they’re supposed to go, how to get there, and who to go to.
The first step in making work visible: An honest to goodness internal assessment
Before laying out that value stream map and putting up that visual board to make the work visible, teams need to put a pause at work and perform an honest to goodness evaluation of the real and actual situation at work. Putting down the accurate number of projects in the pipeline, the work in progress, and the amount of time lag is the first step in making the work visible. Through this exercise, unseen dependencies as well as conflicting work will all come to the surface and teams will be able to tackle this area much better, because now they know what problems they need to solve and how to solve these.
The second step in making work visible: Create a visual representation of the entire work
This is the point where unseen dependencies and unplanned work are most likely going to surface, and where teams can actually see what the real situation at hand is. It may be difficult to accept the reality that this exercise brings, but it’s a necessary step in putting things in a fresh perspective. This shifts the focus on getting the WIPs down, and giving teams the real amount of work they have at the moment, so that they can decide whether they can take in new work or push back until they have reached their acceptable level of WIP. This is a form of control in the flow of incoming work; if teams keep saying yes to more than what they can actually accomplish within a specific amount of time, their optimism is only going to lead them headlong into a huge technical debt.
By using a visual board, like a Kanban Board with swim-lanes for to-dos, WIPs, and post-release activities, everyone can see clearly where the time is going, as well as what speeds up or slows down the work. Each task must be written down on a sticky note, so that it’s easy to move it from one lane to the next. It’s equally important to have a DONE column and a COMPLETE column. While these words sound synonymous, in software development, they can mean two different phases in the development life-cycle.
Another way to substantiate testing and maintenance work is by using a maintenance card system. This keeps maintenance work down to a manageable level, as consistently checking for errors and performance levels will help in the early detection of possible issues, before it becomes a major problem.
The third step in making work visible: Release work in chunks to make everything manageable
Deploying work in small chunks is actually more effective and time efficient, as it is easier to manage, fix, and accurately document the work. The benefit of smaller deployments is that it is easy to pinpoint the problem in case an issue occurs after a deployment or when a new feature goes live. Small batches of work are also quicker to work on, thereby increasing the speed of the flow of work. In effect, hand offs are also quicker and more manageable. | https://www.59secondstraining.com/devops/the-first-way-flow-of-work/ |
We have been exploring product ideas for FundImpact through an extensive user research program and have come to realization that the product concept development is a continuous exercise. In our interactions, the stakeholders would present a unique pressing need that is ‘The Solution” they have been looking for, however, the workflow for such a feature is a specific to their organization and can’t be generalized.
In our brain storming sessions for developing concept of FundImpact, we therefore, try to draw our attention to a generalized feature set that impart a proven management practice of getting things organized and done. We want features of the platform that facilitate organization in managing their projects rather than becoming another operational overhead. These overheads could be managing configuration of the platform, a workflow which requiring technical expertise, complex systems that require operational knowledge, or porting data from external systems, etc.
We have kept the consideration of being “Flexible” in design of the FundImpact, so that varying need of users can be addressed but at the same time we are rooted to “Generalized” feature set that cater off the shelf solution to a large section of our target audience.
The core concept of FundImpact is to help organizations manage funds, track projects deliverable and report impact“. These are the three pillars of FundImpact that would facilitate organizations in streamline workflows and help adopt a good practice, thereby saving time, effort and money.
Management by Objectives
“Management by objectives” or MBO is a management approach coined by Peter Drucker in 1950s and later Hewlett Packard led to its popularity [link]. It is the process of defining specific objectives within an organization that management can convey to organisation members, then deciding how to achieve each objective in sequence.”
They key concepts of MBO are:
- Review organizational goal
- Set objective
- Monitor progress
- Evaluation
We are designing digital workflows of FundImpact that are rooted to MBOs. The organization will deliberate upon Goals and Objectives that they would like to achieve through the project being sponsored by Donor. The ‘Objectives‘ would translate into Deliverable (the core activities project will deliver) and Impact (results of these deliverable). The organization would be systematically ‘Monitor progress’ of Budget expenditure and Deliverable achieved and ‘Evaluate’ the impact that the project is bringing on ground.
A project dashboard gives a snapshot of critical indicators of the project. It displays Fund Status, Project Achievements, Impact Indicators and Geographic Coverage of the project along with some basic information about the project. The card layout allows the user to modify the presentation of the dashboard. This conveys broader objectives and progress of the project to various stakeholders in the organization.
A tabular view gives a detailed information of the three important components of the project i.e. Project Budget, Project Deliverables and Impact. It presents the targets vs actual position of various indicators along with requisite documents such a FUC, Field Reports, Fund receipts, etc.
The three core features of the platform are explained in the following sections
Fund Management
The Budget Tracker or Fund Tracker on the platform allows the users to keep track of overall budget of the project. It gives a status of original budget allocated and budget spent till date under various line items and heads. The budget tracker is not intended to be used for tracking individual expenses or replace any accounting or expense reporting tool.
Its purpose is to give a snapshot of the budget remaining for the project under various components or heads.
Deliverable Tracker
The Deliverables tracker allows the organization to report high level progress of the projects based on the deliverable set in the MoU. These are not intended to be operational level tracking of ongoing processes and achievements of the project, but rather achievements/objectives as stated in the Project Charter or MoU.
Impact Reporting
The Impact Indicators are the cornerstone of the FundImpact. They help organization report the impact of their programmes using standard impact library developed by FundImpact. The organization can also create their own set of impact indicators and link to the Sustainable development goals. | https://chintugudiya.org/blog/fundimpact-update-a-refined-concept-of-the-platform/ |
below.
The analytical part of the report is aimed at assessing the organizational capacity of the Programme partners, as well as the partners change over time and interaction between partners and target
groups during implementation of the Programme activities. The achievements were also analysed by thematic goals on each of the outcomes.
The evaluation of the acquired skills and expertise of both the partners’ organisations and of individual experts, developed in the course of the Programme, could be considered a positive impact of the BBNPP Programme.
The results of the evaluation and the Programme and its achievements were collected in collaboration with partners, as well as other Programme participants and beneficiaries, based on the
adopted participatory monitoring approach. The Programme partners were not only the object of evaluation, but they perform some assessments by themselves and played the active role in collection of the information. The Swedish Organization responsible for the Baltic component, Coalition Clean Baltic (CCB), acted as coordinator, supervisor and quality controller, and was also
responsible for communication about the terms of cooperation and compliance with the donor. While the process of writing the report was led by a Swedish organization, but the contribution of
all partners accounted for most of the reporting material. The information was collected during visits, personal meetings, joint events, interviews and monitoring assessments. | https://ccb.se/publications/final-report-on-the-baltic-component-of-bbnpp-programme/ |
Widows and Orphans Empowerment Organisation (WEWE) is a leading Nigerian Non-Governmental Organisation implementing a 5 year USAID funded “Local Partners Initiative for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (LOPIN 2)’. WEWE is soliciting for individual or consulting firm to carry out an end-of-project evaluation of the LOPIN 2.
Project as detailed below:
Assignment: Consultant – End-of-Project Evaluation of WEWE-LOPIN 2 Project
Location: Akwa Ibom
Coverage: Akwa Ibom, Rivers
Scope and Broad Objectives of the Evaluation
• After almost five years of intervention, WEWE plans to conduct an end-of-project evaluation of the Local Partners Initiative (LOPIN 2) project in order to document its achievements against targets, outcomes and possible impacts.
• The goals of the evaluation are to assess both the processes and strategies, collect robust evidence on the outcomes and possible impacts of the project, as well as document lessons learned
• To be objective, the end-of-project evaluation will be led by an external consultant who has no prior commitment or contribution to the implementation of LOPIN 2 Project. The evaluation is expected to take place in May 2019.
• This end-of-project evaluation will focus principally on evaluating the 2 implementation model strategies (Direct Implementation, and use of CSOs) as well as key technical aspects which may have an impact on the performance of the project.
Specific Objectives
This end-of-project evaluation will address the following key evaluation objectives and develop recommendations based on the findings:
• Evaluate the extent to which the LOPIN 2 project has met its stated objectives, including meeting goals and outcome indicators for child and household well-being, health, economic, nutrition, gender and parenting outcomes, and systems strengthening, and knowledge of and access to services related to HIV and AIDS
• Compare the achievements and cost-effectiveness of the use of Direct Program Implementers versus the traditional use of CBOs
• Evaluate the effectiveness and outcome of the Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLA) approach in strengthening the economy of the enrolled households through savings and investment.
• Measure the current levels of household savings in the households with OVC
• Evaluate how LOPIN 2 has contributed to caregivers’ ability to care for OVC through various capacity building activities, including better parenting
• Document project achievements, best practices, and lessons learned, identify what worked well and why and what did not work and why.
Interested applicants should visit www.weweng.org for full requirement, qualifications and job description for the listed position. All suitable applicants should send a comprehensive CV and cover letter in ONLY one attachment (MS Word Document) explaining suitability for the job; to [email protected]
WEWE’s recruitment process for this position will be on a rolling basis, only shortlisted candidates will be contacted. Applications will be reviewed in batches on a first come first served basis. WEWE reserve the right to conclude this recruitment process when a suitable candidate is selected.
Kindly indicate the title of the position applied for in the subject line of the email and include functional emails/mobile phone numbers and full contact information and at least three professional referees on their CV. | https://www.naijabusiness.com.ng/tenders-contract/2019/widows-and-orphans-empowerment-organisation-wewe-call-for-consultants-end-of-project-evaluation-of-lopin-2-project-at-wewe-lopin/ |
The Businesswomen of the Year Awards and Judy Heffernan Award celebrate the achievements of female innovators, leaders, visionaries, role models and mentors in the Peterborough region.
Nominations allow us to honour the accomplishments and formally recognize our women leaders. Through these awards we can recognize and validate the hard work and contribution each candidate makes to her business or organization and to the community.
You can nominate yourself or you can nominate another woman in the community.
The Businesswomen of the Year Awards are presented by the Women’s Business Network of Peterborough; however, you do not need to be a member of the WBN to enter.
Key Dates
- Nominations open — January 20, 2020
- Nominations close — February 24, 2020
- Nominees announced — February 27, 2020
- Awards event — April 23, 2020
Businesswomen of the Year Awards — 2 Categories
Previously known as the Women in Business Award, the Businesswomen of the Year Awards recognize women who demonstrate business leadership within their organization or company that has resulted in job creation, innovation or increased business acumen. It also recognizes the recipients’ impact on the community at large, including, volunteering, and other contributions.
- Entrepreneur Category: A nominee must be someone who owns/co-owns and operates an established business or group of businesses. She must have an active role in running the business.
- Organization Category: A nominee must be an employee, working in a business or non-profit organization, holding a formal or informal leadership role. She must have an impact on the organization in some way.
Nomination form – Entrepreneur and Organization Award (Word)
Nomination form – Entrepreneur and Organization Award (PDF)
Judy Heffernan Award
- The recipient of the Judy Heffernan Award will be a female entrepreneur, mentor or student who embodies the late Judy Heffernan’s legacy of humbly helping others succeed.
Nomination form – Judy Heffernan Award (Word)
Nomination form – Judy Heffernan Award (PDF)
Nomination Details
All three awards are open to women in the City or County of Peterborough. All nominations will be reviewed and scored by a Judging Committee.
Important! The judges will be three women selected for their leadership in our community. The Judging Committee will be assessing each submission based solely on the information provided to them in the nomination form. All applications will be confidential and only judges will receive the submissions.
The Process
Your completed nomination form, saved as a PDF, must be emailed to [email protected]. Applications must be received by midnight on February 24th, 2020.
A list of all nominees will be posted on the WBN website on February 27, 2020.
Every submission will be reviewed independently by each of the three judges. The judges evaluate each submission based on the content of the form using the weighted point system. A meeting of judges will take place and three finalists will be selected in the Entrepreneur and Organization categories.
Points to Note:
- Judy Heffernan: Only the winner will be selected for the Judy Heffernan Award (no runners up).
- Announcements: The winners of the Entrepreneur Category, the Organization Category and the Judy Heffernan Award will be announced at the April 23 event.
- Declining a nomination: You can decline your nomination.
- Eligibility: Anyone in the County of Peterborough is eligible, including WBN members and board members.
Submission Guidelines
The nomination form provides a few ideas for each section, as well as a maximum length, however, the content you provide is entirely up to you.
You may write your submission in the 1st or 3rd person, however, if you are nominating someone it is likely that you will need to work with them to gather the content needed to complete the nomination form.
For more information, visit: www.womensbusinessnetwork.net
All questions can be directed to [email protected]
THANK YOU AND GOOD LUCK! | https://www.womensbusinessnetwork.net/awards-event/award-nominees/ |
Vice presidents are among the top executives in the organizations in which they serve. These entities include governments, corporations, nonprofit organizations and academic institutions. While each organization has its own expectations for its vice presidents, those who hold the title perform in many of the same roles regardless of the employer or the area of expertise.
Heading Departments
One of a vice president's major roles within an organization is the oversight of one or more departments. While the organization's president, chief executive officer or board of directors oversee general operations, vice presidents deal with the specific operations of each department or branch. This generally involves department operations and budgeting, as well as general leadership and accountability for a department's performance. Vice presidents apply special knowledge, experience or skills to make departments run smoothly and in tandem with other parts of the organization.
Reporting to the President
In a traditional organizational structure, vice presidents report directly to the president. Some organizations have a single vice president, but large businesses have dozens, each of whom serves the role of liaison between the president and leaders within a department. Reporting to the president involves periodic performance updates. The vice president also relays important information from the president to other workers.
Collaborating on Strategy
Vice presidents often play important strategic roles within organizations, because they understand both the long-term goals of the organization as a whole and the specific resources of their departments. Vice presidents collaborate with one another and with other executives to establish strategic objectives -- specific achievement milestones that move an organization towards its overall goals. Besides representing their departments, vice presidents use their knowledge of business operations to suggest tactics and evaluate performance.
Managing Personnel
Vice presidents also serve top-level managerial roles in organizations. While a vice president may not become directly involved in day-to-day human resources decisions, she's still in charge of setting hiring goals and managing payroll budgets for her department. This may include conferring with human resources staff to indicate the types of candidates who are preferred for job openings. Vice presidents also use managerial techniques to motivate their staffs, including setting objectives, recognizing achievements and establishing incentives such as bonus compensation. | https://smallbusiness.chron.com/roles-vice-presidents-organizations-22329.html |
This article reports the results of and conclusions from a survey of Northern NGOs conducted during 1998 and 1999 for the purposes of testing generalised criticisms of Northern NGO advocacy and providing benchmarks for further research on the policy impact of the Washington Advocacy office of Oxfam International. Based on the survey findings, the author challenges Northern NGOs to evaluate more thoroughly their advocacy so that they may effectively demonstrate their advocacy achievements and, by so doing, confidently invest a greater proportion of resources into advocacy programmes which effectively contribute to their goals of reducing poverty.
Keywords
Additional details
Author(s)
Editor(s)
DOI10.1080/09614520050116596
How to cite this resource
Citation styles vary so we recommend you check what is appropriate for your context. You may choose to cite Oxfam resources as follows:
Author(s)/Editor(s). (Year of publication). Title and sub-title. Place of publication: name of publisher. DOI (where available). URL
Our FAQs page has some examples of this approach. | https://policy-practice.oxfam.org/resources/northern-ngo-advocacy-perceptions-reality-and-the-challenge-130455/ |
The Lung Cancer Initiative of North Carolina is currently awarding Access Grants up to $10,000 each to assist institutions to improve access to lung cancer screening, treatment, clinical trials, molecular testing or precision medicine for uninsured or underinsured individuals. Applications will be reviewed and Access Grants will be awarded to programs most closely meeting the focus areas outlined below.
Applications will be accepted all year until funds are depleted. We will be reviewing applications quarterly according to this schedule:
Application Received By
October 7, 2017 - December 1, 2017
March 2, 2018
June 1, 2018
September 3, 2018
December 3, 2018
Decision Communicated By
December 22, 2017
March 30, 2018
June 29, 2018
September 28, 2018
December 21, 2018
Applicants and institutions must meet the following eligibility requirements to apply:
Each Application will be reviewed by at least three reviewers and will be considered based on the following selection criteria:
1. Impact: Will the project have a positive impact on increasing access for lung cancer patients? Will the project have a substantial impact on the priority selected? How closely does the project align with the focus areas stated in the RFA? Does the project have a sufficient and documented plan to evaluate its impact?
2. Feasibility: How likely is it that the objectives and activities will be achieved within the scope of the funded project? Is the project well planned? Is the budget appropriate and realistic? Does the budget justification explain in detail the reasoning and need for the costs associated with the project?
3. Capacity: Does the organization, Project Director and his/her team have the expertise and resources to effectively implement all aspects of the project? Is the organization respected and valued by the target population? Is it culturally competent?
4. Collaboration: Does this project enhance collaboration among organizations with similar or complementary goals? Are the roles of the partners appropriate and relevant?
5. Sustainability: Is the project likely to be sustained? Are partnerships likely to be sustained past project period? Is the impact likely to be long-term?
Learn more about the 2017 Access Grants Recipients.
Learn more about the 2016 Access Grants Recipients. | https://www.lungcancerinitiativenc.org/access-grant-program |
Philosophy for 4-H Record Keeping
The purpose of 4-H record keeping is to teach how to keep records, which is an important life skill. Record keeping is an ongoing process that does not end when the 4-H year ends. Youth are encouraged to select from a variety of alternatives to meet their individual record keeping needs and learning styles. You can find this information in our publication Iowa 4-H Record Keeping Philosophy 4H 95 (in Revision).
Objectives for 4-H Record Keeping
- To learn how to set goals, how to make plans for action, and how to decide how well you did (evaluation).
- To learn the skills of record keeping and organization to use now and in the future.
- To learn to communicate and summarize.
- To learn responsibility by completing a task.
- To evaluate information that will market personal skills through future resumes and application forms.
Guidelines for 4-H Record Keeping
All 4-H mebers are encouraged to develop a record keeping system that includes:
- Recordkeeping for one or more projects.
- Setting goals for your project areas and exhibits.
- Goal Setting: Writing Project Area and Exhibit Goals 4H 5511 can guide you.
- You can use a Goal Calendar 4H 5001 if you wish.
- Summarize your learning annually
- You can write a 4-H story.
- You can use the Yearly Member Summary 4H 5011.
- Reflect and evaluate your journey.
- You can use Yearly Self-Evaluation 4H 5012 as a self-evaluation or as a guide for a member-mentor discussion.
- Project Records document your goals and achievements in a project area. Choose one for each project area you wish to record information on.
- Basic 4-H Project Record (4H 0096A)
- Experienced 4-H Project Record (4H 0096B)
- Advanced 4-H Project Record (4H 0096C)
- Project Worksheets are an optional tool that can help you plan or track aspects of your project.
Formatting Your Recordkeeping System
You can use a traditional paper recordkeeping system or use the following formats or elements in your recordkeeping system. | https://www.extension.iastate.edu/4h/record-keeping |
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Published byDorothy Dalton Modified over 4 years ago
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Impact evaluation Evaluate new tools Translate new knowledge into policy and implementation Knowledge gap Program implementation
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Research on HIV, TB and malaria achievements Globally, remarkable progress in control of HIV, TB and malaria in last two decades: millions of lives have been saved Progress made possible by research contributions to improved control: – HIV: discovery of anti-retroviral drugs; demonstrating their impact on transmission – TB: multidrug regimens, outcome monitoring – Malaria: ACT, insecticide-treated bed nets
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KEMRI & CDC public health and research collaboration since 35 years 1. Insecticide-treated bed net trial informing global malaria control policy 2. Kisumu breastfeeding study informing PMTCT guidelines 3. HPTN 052: transmission impact of ARV: treatment as prevention 1. Lindblade et al JAMA 2004 2. Thomas et al PLoS Med 2011 3. Cohen et al. N Engl J Med 2011
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Major challenges research response Despite progress, elimination of HIV, TB and malaria as public health threats still far away Ambitious sustainable development goals adopted (end epidemics…) Priority studies for KEMRI and CDC collaboration: – Population based studies on maximum impact of current tools – Clinical studies to evaluate new tools Other research priorities: – New tools development, operational research, social science research
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Population based studies impact of current tools HIV: population impact of combined interventions in particular diagnosis and treatment TB: impact of improved case finding plus improved TB prevention (ART, LTBI treatment) Malaria: feasibility of pre- elimination in high transmission area NTDs: optimum delivery of MDA
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Clinical studies evaluation of new tools HIV: PoC diagnostics; various drug trials (ARVs) and prevention trials (e.g. vaginal ring) TB: diagnostic platform; various drug trials (e.g. short course preventive therapy, new TB drugs, TB-HIV treatment), vaccine trials Malaria: low dose primaquine among children to reduce transmission NTDs: PoC diagnostics schistosomiasis Often multicentre, e.g. ACTG, TBTC
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Conclusions Research relatively easy to translate into health programs, if this translation is considered in formulating research questions Major role for research in accelerating the control of communicable diseases in high- burden, low-income settings
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What do you write in a self performance evaluation?
Contents
What do you write in a self performance evaluation?
A good self-assessment should point to specific tasks and projects that highlight your best work. When describing those accomplishments, employees should emphasize the impact those achievements had on the whole business to emphasize their value to the company.
How do you self evaluate an employee?
Generally, prior to your performance review with your manager, you will be asked to complete a self-assessment. You can prepare for this by: Reviewing your job description and goals for the year. Looking back through your calendar, saved emails and messages, and other notes to compile a list of your accomplishments.
How do you evaluate yourself as a student?
They can do this by filling out self-evaluation forms, journalizing, taking tests, writing revisions of work, asking questions, and through discussions. When students evaluate themselves, they are assessing what they know, do not know, and what they would like to know.
What are work goals examples?
What are examples of typical career goals?Increase professional knowledge and training. Increase earnings. Improve low-functioning work processes or relationships. Have new experiences. Attain a leadership role. | https://ulmerstudios.com/blog/what-do-you-write-in-a-self-performance-evaluation/ |
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