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82 F.3d 423
NOTICE: Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3 provides that dispositions other than opinions or orders designated for publication are not precedential and should not be cited except when relevant under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, or collateral estoppel.UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee,v.Antonio CAMPOS-ARRELLANO, Defendant-Appellant.
No. 95-30217.
United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
Submitted March 26, 1996.*Decided April 1, 1996.
Before: GOODWIN, WIGGINS and O'SCANNLAIN, Circuit Judges.
1
MEMORANDUM**
2
Antonio Campos-Arrellano appeals his one-year sentence following the district court's revocation of his supervised release. Campos-Arrellano contends that the district court erred because: (1) his sentence for revocation of supervised release combined with his sentence for the underlying offense of illegal reentry as a deported alien exceeds the maximum term for that offense, and (2) the district court abused its discretion by imposing a consecutive sentence and not a concurrent sentence. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo the district court's interpretation of both statutes and the Sentencing Guidelines. United States v. Fulton, 987 F.2d 631, 632 (9th Cir.1993) (Guidelines); United States v. Neal, 976 F.2d 601, 602 (9th Cir.1992) (statutes). We affirm.
3
Campos-Arrellano contends that the district court erred by imposing a one-year consecutive term of imprisonment after revoking his supervised release because such a prison term, when combined with the two-year term of imprisonment for the underlying offense exceeds the statutory maximum for the underlying offense of illegal reentry of a deported alien, 8 U.S.C. § 1326(a). We disagree. "Title 18, section 3583 authorizes the revocation of supervised release even where the resulting incarceration, when combined with the period of time the defendant has already served for his substantive offense, will exceed the maximum incarceration permissible under the substantive statute." United States v. Purvis, 940 F.2d 1276, 1279 (9th Cir.1991).
4
Campos-Arrellano's argument is foreclosed by Purvis, 940 F.2d at 1279. Campos-Arrellano's argument that Purvis has been "weakened" by the amendment to U.S.S.G. 5D1.1 is without merit. This amendment simply clarified the circumstances under which the court may depart from the requirements of imposing a term of supervised release. See U.S.S.G. 5D1.1. The district court did not err by imposing a one-year sentence.
5
Campos-Arrellano further contends that the district court abused its discretion by imposing a consecutive sentence instead of a concurrent sentence. We disagree. A sentencing court retains the discretion under 18 U.S.C. § 3584(a) to impose a concurrent sentence. United States v. Lail, 963 F.2d 263, 264 (9th Cir.1992) (per curiam). However, in deciding whether to order a sentence to be served concurrently or consecutively, the district court must consider the policy statements and the sentencing factors listed in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a). See 18 U.S.C. § 3584(b) (1988); Forrester, 19 F.3d at 484; United States v. Conkins, 9 F.3d 1377, 1385 (9th Cir.1993). A district court that knowingly refuses to exercise its discretion by departing from the Guidelines and imposing a concurrent sentence is not subject to appellate review. Lail, 963 F.2d at 264.
6
The district court heard Campos-Arrellano's arguments in favor of a concurrent sentence, understood that it had the authority to grant concurrent sentences and declined to do so. The district court properly considered the fact that Campos-Arrellano had reentered the country only three days after being deported, and that he had committed numerous offenses besides entering the United States illegally. See 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(1), (a)(2)(B) (court must consider circumstances of the offense, history and characteristics of defendant, and need for sentence to afford adequate deterrence). The court knowingly declined to exercise its discretion to depart from the guidelines by imposing a concurrent sentence. Such a decision is not subject to review. See Lail, 963 F.2d at 264.
7
AFFIRMED.
*
The panel unanimously finds this case suitable for decision without oral argument. Fed.R.App.P. 34(a); 9th Cir.R. 34-4
**
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and may not be cited to or by the courts of this circuit except as provided by 9th Cir.R. 36-3
| |
Symptoms of meningococcal disease progress rapidly and are often mistaken for the flu in early stages, but can lead to death within 24 hours in some patients.2,8 Please note that symptoms can vary in the order and timing of appearance and some may not appear at all. Symptoms may differ by age group.
TIME AFTER ONSET SYMPTOMS8,*
Headache, sore throat/coryza, leg pain, thirst, general aches, fever8
Decreased appetite, nausea/vomiting, leg pain, irritability8
Rash, drowsiness, difficulty breathing, diarrhea, neck stiffness, cold hands and feet, photophobia, abnormal skin color8
Confusion/delirium, unconsciousness, seizure,† death2,8,‡
*Hours expressed as medians, for patients 15-16 years of age.6
†Seizure was noted at a median of 26 hours.6
‡Even with appropriate treatment, the fatality rate is 10%-15% for patients with invasive meningococcal disease.2
Data were obtained from parents of test subjects via questionnaire (n=313) or interview with a study investigator (n=135). Parents were asked at what time of day their child’s symptoms began, as well as the time of appearance of predefined clinical features. Additional data were obtained from medical records for the course of illness before admission to the hospital in 448 children (≤16 years of age) with meningococcal disease (345 nonfatal cases; 103 fatal). Diagnosis was confirmed with microbiologic techniques in 83% of cases (n=373). The remainder of children (n=75) were probable cases.
SEROGROUPS C AND Y CAUSED ALMOST 2/3 OF ALL US MENINGOCOCCAL CASES IN PATIENTS AGED <1 to ≥65 YEARS9,§
§In patients aged <1 to ≥65 years from 2005-2014; N=867.
||Includes serogroup W-135 and serogroups unable to be identified.
MENVEO is a vaccine indicated for active immunization to prevent invasive meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, Y, and W-135. MENVEO is approved for use in persons 2 months through 55 years of age. MENVEO does not prevent N. meningitidis serogroup B infections. | https://www.gsksource.com/pharma/content/gsk/source/us/en/brands/menveo/pi/meningococcalDisease/diseaseInfo.html |
How to Succeed as a (Remote) Quip Intern: Advice from Mai Sha and Leslie Carr
When the pandemic began in spring and her friends (and fellow Carnegie Mellon master's students) started to find out that their offers for summer internships were canceled, Mai Sha held her breath.
But then she got an email from the intern recruitment team at mobile productivity suite Quip and let out a sigh of relief. Her software engineering internship would still happen, albeit remotely, and she would still get a chance to be a part of the Quip team.
We interviewed Mai and her summer manager, Leslie Carr, a Senior Director of Engineering at Quip, to learn how Quip successfully took their internship program remote, how the Salesforce-owned cloud-based word processing app is maintaining its culture despite not working in the same building together, and what future interns can do to succeed.
Why Quip?
Mai was first introduced to Quip at a Grace Hopper conference. "I thought it was impressive how they were bringing their customers a new way to work together," she remembers. She interviewed for a summer internship and during the process really connected with what she was seeing of Quip's company culture. "I could tell every interviewer was top-notch. They seemed pretty humble and extremely nice, and it felt like working with teammates at university, not like an interview," she says.
She liked the team, she liked the culture, and once she did her research, it turned out she liked the product, too: "I had some previous experience in version management in spreadsheets, so I know how much it can help, and Quip's product is an open workspace that also values privacy. It's a good balance."
Mai's summer boss, Leslie, joined Quip a couple of years prior for similar reasons. She'd actually first talked to the company three years before joining and remembers the team feeling "really, really welcoming," but she wasn't looking to make a move then. When she did, she did more due diligence and loved what she found. "I was actually pretty impressed by the number of women in the engineering management team," remembers Leslie. "It was really important to me to be at a place where I saw faces like mine. I also really liked their engineer-focused mindset; that aligned well with my values."
Getting to know a company remotely
It was tough for Leslie to transition that mindset and the culture she'd built on the engineering team to a remote environment. In the pre-pandemic times, she'd relied on informal social activities like boba runs, hallway check-ins, and walks around the park to check in on her team, including her summer interns. Without those touchpoints, she had to be much more deliberate about how to keep everyone engaged—particularly the interns, who would have only a couple of months to complete their projects and understand what it meant to work at Quip.
Leslie adapted her management style, moving from biweekly 1:1s that lasted an hour to weekly 30-minute check-ins with each person on her team and proactively setting up mentors and pairing sessions for interns like Mai.
And while those changes allowed Leslie to keep an eye on everyone and do her job, she notes that it was really Mai's proactive approach to remote work that allowed Mai to succeed even past her expectations.
"A lot of Mai's success was because she had such a good learning and growth mindset," explains Leslie. "She wasn't afraid to ask questions."
Mai kept a Quip document full of project updates that provided real-time transparency on where she was and what she was planning to do next. She reached out to her team members for help when she needed it and made sure to connect with people on projects unrelated to her own to learn more about the company culture. She worked with a small group of about 10 people and notes that she always felt part of the team. "I felt like I had a voice. The team always cultivated an environment that let us speak out and show off our work to everyone," she says.
"At Quip, it's a constructive process. Not only my manager and my mentor, but everyone else on the team helped me out. They didn't just teach me how to debug, but made sure that I totally understood it," explains Mai. That helpfulness extended to non-project tasks, too, she notes, like working on her interview or presentation skills.
While Mai ended up adapting quite well to a remote internship, she was nervous at first. "It was my first software engineering internship, and it's remote! I felt slow during the ramp-up period, and I doubted myself a bit, because sometimes I couldn't figure it out," she says. "But luckily, with work and help, by the end, I could even unblock others." By the end of the internship, she was even looking forward to Monday, she says, so that she could get back to work.
Advice for future interns
Leslie hopes Quip is back to in-person work and internships next year, but no matter where and how future internships happen, she's learned a few lessons from this summer's all-remote internship that she will apply in the future—and is happy to share with future Quip interns now.
"Don't be afraid to ask," she says. "There's still plenty of stuff that I have no idea about in engineering. But that's how we learn and grow." Mai, she notes, did a great job of asking for help when she needed it: "A couple of other interns who were afraid to ask questions were blocked for much longer than needed. Instead of being blocked for an hour, they were blocked for two days."
Mai takes that advice a step farther, sharing what worked for her. Aside from her doc of project updates, she had a separate doc of questions where she would tag her mentor so that they could go in and help her whenever they were free. She also made good use of the engineering team's chat channel, with its in-depth documentation of historical questions asked and answered, and stayed active in the intern chat room, too. She joined all the social events she could—from weekly coffee chats hosted by Salesforce to virtual escape room team events—to keep meeting new people, learning about different projects and ways of working at Quip, and practicing her communication skills.
"One of the biggest things I learned from this internship is to never stop learning!" says Mai, smiling. "There are so many things I don't understand, and I have a long way to go to become a great software engineer."
Leslie notes that it's that desire to constantly be learning that set Mai apart and that would serve future interns well, too. "Not only did Mai do a great job on her project and finish it ahead of schedule, but I was even more impressed with how she sort of joined like a normal team member afterward!" says Leslie, who explained that Mai jumped in to help another engineer write tests for his project. "We'd given her some feedback on getting better at testing before, and she took an area for improvement and turned it into a strength through being willing to just dive right in and explore that area. That was awesome."
Mai's final advice for future interns is simple: soak up as much as you can. "Stay curious," she says. "You can learn anything you want to here."
If you're interested in learning more about Quip, check out their PowerToFly profile here.
Best Work-From-Home Companies 2022
Every year, PowerToFly creates a list of the best work-from-home companies. Now that over half of the U.S. workforce is remote, compiling that list was a bit more challenging.
This year, we prioritized selecting companies that are remote-friendly—meaning they have both remote and in-person roles—but they have made long-term commitments to hiring and supporting employees who choose to work from home; and we think they have the perks, values, and organizational framework to allow all employees to flourish in their careers, regardless of location.
Helix CFO Sarah Bobulsky Shares How She Reached the C-Suite & 3 Key Pieces of Advice for Potential Applicants
Before starting her journey at population genomics company Helix, Sarah Bobulsky worked in strategy consulting, most often with pharma and biotechnology clients. She accumulated a wealth of experience very quickly: “One of my managers always said ‘one year in consulting is like seven years in a regular job’,” Sarah jokes.
In spite of her rapid exposure to so many different projects and clients, she was a bit hesitant when her firm wanted her to branch out into diagnostics. “My reaction was, ‘I don't know anything about diagnostics! I don’t want to do diagnostics,’” she laughs. “Yet, here I am CFO of a diagnostics company.”
Careers in Web Development: Which One's For You?
We all have our favorite websites– the ones we frequent, bookmark, and recommend to others. You might even enjoy some website features so much that you’ve found yourself wondering why they aren’t more popular. Or maybe you’ve experienced times where you were frustrated with a website and wished you could add features or even design your own!
If you’ve ever found yourself intrigued at the prospect of designing and developing your own websites, then a career as a web developer might be just for you!
Resume Hacks From A Recruiter At Tackle
💎You don’t want to miss these resume hacks from a recruiter at Tackle! They can help you stand out as a candidate when applying for a job opportunity. Watch the video to the end to know more about the company!
📼Get some resume hacks from Michele Webb, Recruiting Specialist at Tackle, who also goes over Tackle's application and interview process.
Using The STAR Technique In Your Interview To Stand Out
💎The STAR technique is a great tool to stand out in your next job interview. Don’t miss this recruiter’s insight into how to utilize this method! Watch the video to the end for advice on how to best prepare for an interview with Sun Life.
📼Have the STAR technique tool handy when preparing for your interview with Sun Life. “The best advice that I can give a candidate is preparation. And one of the best techniques to use to prepare for your interview with us is utilizing the STAR technique” says Winde Farinacci, Senior Talent Acquisition Consultant at Sun Life. | https://blog.powertofly.com/how-to-succeed-as-a-remote-quip-intern |
The University for Peace Foundation Course in Peace and Conflict Studies is designed to engage students in an examination of the major contemporary challenges to peace, sources of conflict and violence, and several key nonviolent mechanisms for conflict transformation and prevention. The course is designed to provide a common foundation for UPEACE students from all of the different M.A. programs (as its name suggests). During the course, an understanding of the complex and interconnected challenges to peace will be developed, as will an understanding of the need for multi-faceted approaches to meeting these challenges. Students will also engage critically with theories of conflict, and will develop their understanding of the theoretical resources available in the area of conflict studies. During the course of their studies at UPEACE students will engage in increasingly specialized inquiry into various dimensions and issues in their specific MA areas. The foundation course provides an opportunity to explore connections, sympathies, and synergies between the challenges and approaches identified in all of these areas from a “wide-angle” perspective that will encourage students to continue making such interdisciplinary connections and analyses throughout their tenure at UPEACE and after. | https://elearning.upeace.org/classroom/course/info.php?id=60&id=60 |
Discover. Educate. Advocate.
The Dana-Farber Cancer Institute seeks a Computational Biologist under the Van Allen lab (http://vanallenlab.dana-farber.org/) to work as a data scientist on the analysis of new datasets generated in the context of multiple clinically oriented cancer sequencing projects in order help advance efforts for precision cancer medicine.Â
The qualified candidate will develop and support data processing and analysis tools, create new algorithms for emerging clinically focused needs, maintain datasets and databases, integrate tools and databases into existing high-throughput pipelines, and facilitate the display and the distribution of processed data.
Located in Boston and the surrounding communities, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute brings together world renowned clinicians, innovative researchers and dedicated professionals, allies in the common mission of conquering cancer, HIV/AIDS and related diseases. Combining extremely talented people with the best technologies in a genuinely positive environment, we provide compassionate and comprehensive care to patients of all ages; we conduct research that advances treatment; we educate tomorrow's physician/researchers; we reach out to underserved members of our community; and we work with amazing partners, including other Harvard Medical School-affiliated hospitals.
Related projects and responsibilities will include:
These projects can be collaborative efforts between the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, the Broad Institute, and multiple other institutions. The goals of this initiative consist of analyzing sequencing data to determine the effects of genomic alterations and expression changes on clinical behavior, both retrospectively and prospectively.Â
These new data could help identify novel approaches for personalized care in oncology. In addition, this data may provide support for new methods in clinical decision-making, biomarkers for rational drug development, and new insights into tumor biology through innovative analyses.
The person hired for this position will join the team in this effort, and will participate in the design and implementation of algorithms to analyze the data and integrate with other data sets including clinical outcomes data.
This person will also help with the generation of tools needed for manipulating and preparing data for display; transferring data to external collaborators and data repositories; and will also help maintain, support, and document shared tools, code base, and data sets. As the software infrastructure evolves, this position is likely to present diverse and flexible opportunities - from deeper and more complex software design problems, to becoming more involved in the bioinformatic and analytic aspects of predictive modeling.
ADDITIONAL KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS, AND ABILITIES REQUIRED: Â
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute is an equal opportunity employer and affirms the right of every qualified applicant to receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, gender identity or expression, national origin, sexual orientation, genetic information, disability, age, ancestry, military service, protected veteran status, or other groups as protected by law. | https://careers.ashg.org/jobs/14578916/computational-biologist-i |
Elizabeth Marks is a regular everyday housewife. She has been married for twenty years to the same man. Ethan Marks, who she met when she was a young girl nineteen years old.
Elizabeth and Ethan have two children together. Two daughters, Sofia soon to be eighteen and sixteen years old Isabella, both very close to there mother, Both good kids.
Ethan was an old fashion man, keeping his wife and both daughters very sheltered. He didn’t mind his wife staying home and taking care of the kids. It just meant he knew, where she was.
He didn’t believe in his wife going to work. He felt the children needed her, that he needed her. Their marriage was a regular normal boring one. The romance fizzled out of it a long time ago. Now just together out of habit and their children. Which they both loved dearly.
Ethan was a tall tan and handsome man. He was about 6 feet tall with brown hair and hazel eyes. He was tall and thin. He went to work every day. Doing his hardest to bring home the ends meet, so his family could have what they needed. He had a desk job working as a car salesman. They lived in a small two-bedroom home, in Wisconsin. It wasn’t anything to write home about but it was theirs. It was what they could afford with just one income coming in and two children. It was almost paid off now and would finally be called theirs.
Elizabeth stayed home doing everything the kids needed. Which for right now, they where almost adults themselves. They didn’t depend on her as they use to. She had plenty of time for herself, which she wasn't used to. She was always used to running here and there, doing everything for her kids. She was a good mom. Just the time was coming, that they would do more and more on their own.
Which left Elizabeth bored. She would clean the house and get ready for the girls and Ethan to come home from work. They would all sit down at the table and talk about there days, asking what took place. After dinner, they all went there own ways. The girls to their room. Ethan to the sofa to watch tv and Elizabeth upstairs. To watch tv or search the web for recipes or whatever else suited her.
Elizabeth was forty years old. She was very pretty with brown eyes and brown hair. She had a small petite frame, which was very slender, having curves where needed. She didn’t dress fancy or wear makeup. She was a very simple everyday woman.
Just laying in bed wearing her flannel PJs searching the web. When her husband Ethan would come to bed, he would just flop on his side and go to sleep. The spark in their marriage was long gone. The heat and desire one looks for, faded and wasn't even really there from the start. They were more like brother and sister now just living in the same house.
One night, as Elizabeth sat there in bed with the laptop on her lap. She remembers, how she used to write when she was a young girl. How she loved to write love stories. Just at the time, she was young and very inexperienced in love and sex. Yet, she still tried to write about it. Just giving up on it once she met Ethan. Getting married and taking care of their two children took up a lot of her time. Not to mention, she thought it would be a waste of her time. Who would really read her stories? She was just dreaming. A small-town country girl with just a high school education from Wisconsin. She just shrugged it off back then and forgot about it, until now. | https://www.inkitt.com/stories/romance/309256 |
Global warming is leaving more and more apparent scars in the world’s permafrost regions.
Roughly one sixth of the land areas on our planet are considered to be permafrost regions, which means the soils there have remained permanently frozen for at least two consecutive years. In most of these regions, however, the cold penetrated the ground millennia ago; as a result, in the most extreme cases, the permafrost continues to a depth of 1.6 kilometers. Especially in the Arctic, people rely on the permafrost soil as a stable foundation for houses, roads, pipelines and airports. Yet in the wake of global warming, the integrity of these structures is increasingly jeopardized, creating enormous costs. In addition, permafrost soils contain massive quantities of preserved plant and animal matter. If this organic material thaws along with the permafrost, microorganisms will begin breaking it down — a process that could produce enough carbon dioxide and methane emissions to potentially raise the global mean temperature by an additional 0.13 to 0.27 degrees Celsius by the year 2100.
A new comparative study released by the GTN-P (Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost) shows for the first time the extent to which permafrost soils around the world have already warmed. Read more . . .
Science Daily: www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/01/190116090650.htm (accessed January 16, 2019). | https://ourgallantship.com/2019/01/16/new-global-study-reveals-rising-soil-temperatures-in-permafrost-regions-around-the-world/ |
REUTERS FORECAST:
* Sentiment index is expected to rise to 75.4 in January
from 74.5 in December. Forecasts from economists polled by
Reuters range from 73.0 to 78.0.
* Current economic conditions gauge is seen down at 84.6
from 85.3 in December.
* Barometer of consumer expectations is seen up at 68.3. It
ended December at 67.5.
FACTORS TO WATCH:
Economists expect sentiment to have risen in early January
from December, when sentiment hit the highest level since
June.
The median Reuters forecast of 52 economists for
preliminary January sentiment is 75.4, up from 74.5 at the end
of December.
Improved job prospects and larger discounts from retailers
has helped sentiment lately, but analysts still are unsure how
much consumers will be able to push forward the U.S. economic
recovery.
Several big U.S. retailers including Macy’s Inc (M.N: )
missed estimates for December same-store sales after a
post-Christmas blizzard that slowed a two-month shopping spree.
The sales news came as a disappointment to analysts and
investors, who had been anticipating more upbeat holiday season
sales.
A day later, the government’s monthly jobs report showed
U.S. employers hired fewer workers than expected in December,
and an unexpectedly large number of people gave up searching
for work, suggesting the Federal Reserve may need to continue
efforts to support the economy with bond purchases.
Still, the extension of the Bush-era tax cuts has worked to
bolster consumer confidence, analysts said.
“If you look at consumer confidence over the past year and
half, it’s generally been trending higher, although it’s been
pretty volatile from month to month and quarter to quarter,”
said Michael Sheldon, chief market strategist at RDM Financial,
Westport, Connecticut.
“Probably the most important economic indicator to watch
that will influence (sentiment) is job creation, and numbers
have been mixed over the past six to 12 months,” he said. “If
gasoline prices continue to rise that could also have a
negative impact on consumer sentiment.”
Oil futures on the New York Mercantile Exchange are trading
around $91 a barrel.
Investors will be keen to see more on retail sales, and
with the government’s retail data also due out on Friday, that
could overshadow the sentiment survey, said Fred Dickson, chief
market strategist, D.A. Davidson & Co. Lake Oswego, Oregon.
Consumer spending typically accounts for about two-thirds
of U.S. economic activity and is considered critical to the
recovery.
MARKET IMPACT:
A stronger-than-expected sentiment reading could help
stocks (.SPX: ), which were slightly lower on Thursday following
an unexpected rise in weekly jobless claims.
Better sentiment tends to be supportive for the U.S. dollar
against the euro (EUR=: ), although the euro’s rise this week
could continue after solid Spanish and Portuguese bond auctions
eased concerns about the euro zone debt crisis for the time
being.
In the Treasury market (US10YT=RR: ), stronger-than-expected
readings on consumer sentiment could exert downward pressure as
they portend a pickup in consumer spending and economic growth
and raise expectations the Fed may raise interest rates sooner
than previously thought. | https://www.bestgrowthstock.com/preview-u-s-prelim-jan-consumer-sentiment-seen-up-vs-dec/ |
Our Directory Maker of the Week is Eva Fernandez-Martos. Eva was selected to take part in our Hothouse 2017 programme and is exhibiting at Tendence fair in Frankfurt from 24 - 27 June 2017. Eva talks to us about what got her into making, what inspires her and her favourite part of the making process.
Who or what got you into making?
Since I was a child, I always loved drawing and even more making things with my hands. When I chose my first degree in engineering, I chose the practical side of making, probably drawn by economic stability and social pressure. As I grew older, I started feeling more and more that I wanted to do something more creative, something that I could express myself with and communicate with people, and I decided to re-orientate my career into the creative field.
Among the different strands of craft/design/art, the main reason why I was drawn into jewellery is because of its closeness with people. I feel attracted by any form of art/design in general. However, I feel that other types of arts seem to be sometimes disconnected with people. I also see the connection between jewellery and people as a kind of performance or staging of the wearer and the piece of jewellery, which I find a quite unique combination between art and people. That is why I always try to portray my work with a particular person in a certain scenario so that my message is complete.
Could you please tell us a bit about your work?
The meaning is at the heart of my work. I feel very strong about politics and social matters and I channel my feelings and thoughts through my work. With my work, I try to raise socio-political issues and make people think and question things. Even though my work seems to be dark, there is a comical twist to it, because I think that at the end of the day you have to take things with humour, even the darkest forecasts.
Another form of questioning and challenging I practise in my work is through the use of unconventional materials and techniques. A lot of my inspiration comes from our manufactured environment, and I have adopted a variety of materials and processes from it and blend them with handcrafted ones. With those different elements as the foundation, my work mostly takes the form of ordinary objects (or features of them) taken out of their usual contexts or configurations in order to portray social and political stories. The uncommon material palette of these pieces blends with their intriguing characteristics, conveying stories featured by my mutated objects.
What are your inspirations?
On one side, I take strong inspiration from our man-made environment. We are submersed in an overflowing man-made world of objects which pass fleetingly through our lives without acknowledgement. I believe that our society has become blind to its material surroundings driven by our obsession for the next possession. With my work I would like to be able to influence people’s perception of our material surroundings.
On the other side, I take inspiration from what happens around us, society, politics… I think the concept is very important in my work, and this is taken from current matters that catch my attention for different reasons.
What is your favourite part of the making process?
I really enjoy the whole process of materialising ideas into something tangible. That is for me a kind of a luxury. Many jobs are limited to parts of a whole process, while a designer/maker has the privilege of being able to create something that started as one’s own idea into something physical. No wonder artists feel so personal and vulnerable about their work!
I also enjoy the influence of the making in the design process, how materials and processes have their ‘say’ into the design and will partially lead the final outcome as if the designer/maker doesn’t have a final ‘word’ on the outcome.
What are you working on right now?
Right now I am putting together some new work for a design fair in Frankfurt (‘Tendence 2017’) where my work will be displayed in a solo stand in the Talents section. As part of the same event, my work has also been selected for the ‘Form for Craft and Industry’ exhibition organised by Bundesverband Kunsthandwerk e. V. (German Arts and Crafts Association). I am looking forward to this event to see how my work is received at this international standing event. | https://www.craftscouncil.org.uk/articles/directory-maker-of-the-week-eva-fernandez-martos/ |
- Losses Minimization
The purpose of the losses minimization is to reduce active power losses in the electrical grid. This control reduces cost of losses for the DSOs in the distribution grid. Novelty of the loss minimization algorithm is that it has a low computational cost, to allow its implementation on lower voltage levels. In the same time, the loss minimization exploits the flexible assets in the grid.
- Energy Balancing
Energy balancing is an operational tool implemented using the hierarchical structure of the SmartC2Net project. The medium voltage grid controller, when receiving a set-point from external systems (for example the TSO) can use both producers and consumers in the medium voltage grid to follow the energy setpoint. Also, a reference can be set to the low voltage grid controller, which subsequently can exploit production and consumption in the low voltage grid to track the reference. Thus, the functionality energy balancing is implemented in both medium and low voltage grid controllers. The controllers implementing the energy balancing functionality get inputs from the assets such as produced energy, available energy and flexibility (up and down) of each asset.
- Demand Management
Flexibility information is associated to loads with thermal and electric storage and consists of maximum and minimum energy values estimated for a future time horizon (hours). These values can be aggregated on household, charging station and even LV grid level and are reported to corresponding Demand Response System. Based on this information, the latter can define a control strategy that is feasible in the sense that it can be enforced. The strategy will target cost minimization, while setpoint following and maximization of local production can be secondary objectives. The Demand Response system is able to perform direct load control and send set-points according to the available flexibility and the control strategy chosen. This system is able to be operated by DSOs or third parties and is flexible, scalable and based on OpenADR2.0b standard.
- Voltage Control (Power Quality Management)
The purpose of the voltage control is to ensure that the voltages along all feeders in an electrical network are within bounds. We consider both the low voltage and medium voltage grids. To facilitate the voltage control, we utilize the existing flexible assets in the grid. The designed control algorithm are resilient towards the unreliable communication between the assets and the controllers, and the time-varying and uncertain flexibility of the assets. The overall aim is to maximize the utilization of renewable resources while satisfying grid constraints.
For more details, please see public deliverables: D4.1 and D4.2. | http://smartc2net.eu/achieved-outcomes/adaptive-control-wp4.html |
Q:
Knights $3\times 3$ riddle
There are $4$ knights on a $3\times 3$ chessboard, $2$ white, and $2$ black as depicted in the figure.
Each player in his turn moves the knight (with the usual knight move as in a chess game) to an available spot on the board (no captures are allowed). If there isn't an available spot the other player wins.
Question: Is there a winning/drawing strategy for any of the players?
A:
The answer is:
Black can always win
First let's introduce some notation in order to be simpler to denote the moves:
We will call the squares
$$a_3 \ \ \ \ b_3 \ \ \ \ c_3$$
$$a_2 \ \ \ \ b_2 \ \ \ \ c_2$$
$$a_1 \ \ \ \ b_1 \ \ \ \ c_1$$
We recognize that if the following position is reached and its black's turn, then he can win:
Then, if white's first move is some knight to $c_2$, then black can win:
We need then to find the winning continuation for black if white's first move is for example:
In this case, we would play N$b_1$ and force white to play N$c_2$ (otherwise we would get the first case):
In this case we would play the knight right back to where the white one came from:
A:
Black has a winning strategy.
First let's number the squares, so one can talk about possible moves:
Note that the middle red square doesn't get a number, as is can't be reached from either of the other squares by a Knight's move, so the Knights can't end up on it.
It's now easy to see that a from each white corner square a Knight can move to exactly the 2 'opposing' black squares, while a Knight on a black Square on the middle of a side of the chess board's can move to the 2 corners that don't belong to that side.
The 8 squares and the possible moves between them can easily be illustrated ny the following graph with 8 vertices (representing 8 squares) and 8 edges, representing how a Knight can move from one square to the other:
It's a nice circle with 8 vertices and I've marked the initial positions of the 4 Knights. This representation has the advantage that it's much easier to see "what happens", the exact nature of how a Knight move works is already gone and this method can be used for many similar problems.
As we can see, if we follow the the circle starting at 1 going clockwise, we have first the 2 white Knights, then the 2 black Knigths. So to win, one player needs to force the 2 opposing Knights on neighboring (in this graph) squares, then put their own Knights on the 2 outer squares so they have no way to move.
In the initial position, there is 1 emmpty square between the Knights on 6 and 8 (one pair of opposing Knights) and one empty square between the Knights on 1 and 3( another pair of opposing Knights). I'l describe this situation as "The distances between opposing Knights are 1 and 1".
If White starts with moving either Knight to 5, increasing the "distance" between it and it's opposing Knight to 2, black can just move the opposing Knight towards the moved white Knight, making the distances between opposing Knight again 1 and 1. But now White has its Knights neighbouring each other, so can't "back away further".
If on the other hand White moves one Knight towards the opposing black Knight, black will do the same with it's other Knight, so now the distances between opposing Knights are 0 and 0. It should be clear now that Black wins in this case: White can not move a Knight towards the opposing Knight, so can only back away, which allows Black to follow and make the distances again 0 and 0. White can't back away forever, as there are only 8 vertices; at some time the 2 white Knight will be next to each other and white can't back away further.
If the first case, we already have the situation that the white Knigths are next to each other, and the opposing Knights are each 1 and 1 away. White's only move is to move one Knight towards an opposing Knight, then Black can answer by moving the other Black Knight towards the opposing Knight, making the distances again 0 and 0. So then Black wins as shown before.
While this method may not immediatly be easier to understand than Babado's answer, it allows a general insight into similar problems. For example, if the initial position has the Knights of the same color on opposing corners of the board, they become interleaved on the movement graph. Now to win a player has to simultaneously have their 2 Knights occupy the 2 possible movement opportunuties for both oppoenent's Knights, which is impossible, as this are 4 different squares. The method to win in the actual problem only works because the Knights are not interleaved, so can be forced into neighboring (in the movement graph) squares, so they reduce the others movement options.
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Philosophy-Screens
(June 2019)
From Cinema to the Digital Revolution
Mauro Carbone
-
Author
Marta Nijhuis
-
Translator
Centering and Extending
(April 2017)
An Essay on Metaphysical Sense
Steven G. Smith
-
Author
An original metaphysical proposal building on classical and contemporary sources.
In
Centering and Extending
, Steven G. Smith retrieves and refashions some of the best ideas of classical and early modern metaphysics to support insight into the natures of mental and material beings and their relations. Avoiding what he critiques as distortive paths of idealism, materialism, repressive monism, and overly permissive plura
...
(Read More)
Entanglements
(March 2017)
A System of Philosophy
Crispin Sartwell
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Author
Click here
to watch Crispin Sartwell discuss his book in nine videos.
Presents strikingly original and contemporary answers to the most traditional philosophical problems in epistemology, ethics, aesthetics, and political theory.
A work of maximally ambitious scope with a foundation in humility,
Entanglem
...
(Read More)
Religion among We the People
(November 2015)
Conversations on Democracy and the Divine Good
Franklin I. Gamwell
-
Author
Explores democracy with religious freedom and its dependence on theism.
Franklin I. Gamwell holds that democracy with religious freedom is dependent on metaphysical theism. Democratic politics can be neutral to all religious convictions only if its constitution establishes a full and free discourse about the ultimate terms of justice and their application to decisions of the state, and the divine good is the tru
...
(Read More)
Nature as Sacred Ground
(September 2015)
A Metaphysics for Religious Naturalism
Donald A. Crosby
-
Author
Provides a metaphysical outlook for religious naturalism.
Nature as Sacred Ground
explores a metaphysics for religious naturalism. Donald A. Crosby discusses major aspects of reality implicit in his ongoing explication of Religion of Nature, a religious outlook that holds the natural world to be the only world, one with no supernatural domains, presences, or powers behind it. Nature as thus envisioned is far more than jus
...
(Read More)
Complicated Presence
(June 2015)
Heidegger and the Postmetaphysical Unity of Being
Jussi Backman
-
Author
A synthetic assessment of Heidegger’s entire path of thinking as a radical attempt to thematize and rethink the fundamental notions of unity dominating the Western metaphysical tradition.
From its Presocratic beginnings, Western philosophy concerned itself with a quest for unity both in terms of the systematization of knowledge and as a metaphysical search for a unity of being—two trends that can be regarded as converging
...
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The Illusion of Will, Self, and Time
(June 2015)
William James's Reluctant Guide to Enlightenment
Jonathan Bricklin
-
Author
Discusses how William James’s work suggests a world without
will, self, or time
and how research supports this perspective.
William James is often considered a scientist compromised by his advocacy of mysticism and parapsychology. Jonathan Bricklin argues James can also be viewed as a mystic compromised by his commitment to common sense. James wanted to believe in will, self, and time, but his deepest insights sug
...
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Manifesto of New Realism
(December 2014)
Maurizio Ferraris
-
Author
Sarah De Sanctis
-
Translator
Graham Harman
-
Foreword by
Retraces the history of postmodern philosophy and proposes solutions to overcome its impasses.
Philosophical realism has taken a number of different forms, each applied to different topics and set against different forms of idealism and subjectivism. Maurizio Ferraris’s
Manifesto of New Realism
takes aim at postmodernism and hermeneutics, arguing against their emphasis on reality as constructed and
...
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Nihilism and Metaphysics
(May 2014)
The Third Voyage
Vittorio Possenti
-
Author
Daniel B. Gallagher
-
Translator
Brian Schroeder
-
Foreword by
An assessment and reevaluation of nihilism’s ascendency over metaphysics.
Challenging the idea that nihilism has supplanted metaphysics, Vittorio Possenti finds in this philosophical turn the grounds for a mature renewal of metaphysics. Possenti takes the reader on a “third voyage” that goes beyond the “second voyage” indicated by Plato in the
Phaedo
.
He traces the as
...
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The Orders of Nature
(January 2013)
Lawrence Cahoone
-
Author
2015 John N. Findlay Award in Metaphysics, presented by the Metaphysical Society of America
A systematic theory of naturalism, bridging metaphysics and the science of complexity and emergence.
Reviving and modernizing the tradition of post‑Darwinian naturalism,
The Orders of Nature
draws on philosophy and the natural sciences to present a naturalistic theory
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I have a transcoder that does 1080, 720, 480, and 360. If I then have a 720 input how do I do so that the 1080 trancoding does not happen automaticaly?
Would I have to mave several templates or is there a way so that the system only uses several presets depending on the input?
Answer by Alex C
·
Dec 17, 2017 at 08:52 AM
Hello @Jose David,
You can use the module called TranscoderControl that can be found here:
https://www.wowza.com/docs/how-to-control-which-streams-get-transcoded-moduletranscodercontrol
Alex C.
Attachments:
Up to 2 attachments (including images) can be used with a maximum of 524.3 kB each and 1.0 MB total.
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Dash and/or HLS playback and benchmarks
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Disable Transcoding Streams to Higher Resolution
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Limit the number of transcoded streams that have a bitrate / resolution higher than the source. | https://www.wowza.com/community/questions/46636/change-trancoding-template-automaticly.html |
ECB Publishes Financial Stability Review for November 2021
The European Central Bank (ECB) published the financial stability review for November 2021. The assessment report highlights that the near-term pandemic-related risks to financial stability have declined as economy rebounds. However, tighter macro-prudential policies can help address growing vulnerabilities, notably those in the housing markets in some countries. It will also be essential to enhance the regulatory framework for the financial sector, including full, timely implementation of the Basel III reforms and a stronger policy framework for the non-bank financial sector.
Market sentiment toward euro area banks has remained favorable, as the near-term profitability outlook has improved. Looking ahead, bank profitability remains hampered by structural challenges of euro area banks. Bank profitability has improved overall since the start of 2021 on the back of lower loan loss provisions and stronger revenue streams from investment banking, but the profitability outlook continues to depend on the path of overall economic recovery and the pandemic. While the non-performing loan (NPL) ratio has dropped to levels last seen before the global financial crisis on account of further progress made in NPL sales, asset quality concerns may resurface as government support measures are gradually withdrawn, reinforcing the need for effective NPL solutions. The risk of price corrections has also increased in some real estate and financial markets. Vulnerabilities in residential real estate markets have grown, especially in countries with valuations that were already elevated prior to the pandemic.
Consolidation via mergers and acquisitions (M&A) could be one potential avenue for helping the sector to return to more sustainable levels of profitability. Looking ahead, euro area banks also face increasing urgency to meet digital transformation needs and to manage the implications of the transition to a greener economy. The review notes that climate change-related vulnerabilities call for policies to support an orderly transition. The financial stability review also contains the following three special features:
- The first special feature analyzes bank lending behavior during the pandemic to gain insights into banks’ propensity to use capital buffers and the impact of the regulatory capital relief measures implemented by the authorities. The micro-econometric analysis performed in this special feature shows that the banks that had limited capital space above regulatory buffers adjusted their balance sheets by reducing lending which could be interpreted as an attempt to defend capital ratios. This suggests that they were unwilling to use capital buffers. While more research is desirable, also on macro aspects, these findings suggest that more releasable capital could enhance macro-prudential authorities’ ability to act countercyclically when a crisis occurs.
- The second special feature is focused consolidation in the banking sector. Most M&A activity has had a domestic focus and has involved smaller targets and consolidation seems, on average, to have had a moderately positive impact on the profitability of the banks involved. The analysis notes that cross-border M&A transactions have been concentrated within a few small groups of euro area countries, supported by prior financial links and geographical proximity. Such transactions tend to be followed by a stronger improvement in profitability than domestic mergers, although this effect has diminished since the global financial crisis.
- The third special feature is focused on creditor coordination in resolving non-performing corporate loans. This special feature proposes a strategy to overcome creditor coordination failures and costs, through the use of data platforms providing ex ante transparency to NPL investors. These, together with NPL securitization, could substantially reduce the gap between the value of the loans carried on banks’ balance sheets and the prices offered by investors for NPL portfolios.
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Keywords: Europe, EU, Financial Stability Review, COVID-19, Financial Stability, Macro-Prudential Policy, NPLs, Credit Risk, Basel, Banking Union, Transition Risk, Climate Change Risk, ECB
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EIOPA Responds to Stakeholder Views on Blockchain in Insurance
The European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) published a feedback statement on the responses received to the consultation on blockchain and smart contracts in insurance. | https://www.moodysanalytics.com/regulatory-news/Nov-17-21-ECB-Publishes-Financial-Stability-Review-for-November-2021 |
You are cordially invited to attend an Art Demonstration by Daniel S. Dahlstrom, oil painter.
Where: Galeria United, 200 Main St, Pawtucket, Rhode Island 02860
When: Sat, Feb 2nd, 2013
Time: 2-4pm
Dan’s technique involves utilizing either the brush, the painter’s knife or palette, or a combination of both. This creates richer color tones, and more depth to the applied paint on the canvas.
Dan is a Connecticut artist and captures the colors, atmosphere , nuances of light and shadow at dawn and dusk of the landscape onto his oil compositions of water and land. The viewer is invited to become part of this creative process, and transport themselves to the colors and tranquility of nature, and feel as if they just walked into the painting.
Dan will be discussing his inspiration to become an artist, and what inspired him to produce the art on display at Galeria United.
We were taking a ride on the Chester Ferry, and the inspiration for “Ebb Tide” was developed. The colors and shadows were spectacular that evening on the Connecticut River-very dramatic and awe-inspiring. “Ebb Tide” is on display at the gallery, and Dan will talk about that ferry ride and the creation of “Ebb Tide.”
Part of Saturday’s program is his technique of using the artist’s knife (palette knife) and brushes, and how he likes to work and why. A piece that he has started is “Winter at Elizabeth Park”, and this will be worked on during the class.
There also will be a Question and Answer Session–so please come with questions. Dan will be happy to work with you and answer your questions.
Bottom picture is of Tina, the owner of Galeria United, and a very special person. You will enjoy meeting her and seeing her unique and beautiful gallery.
Dan and I hope to see you next Saturday..feel free to bring a friend or more!
Take care,
Nancy and Dan
Dan’s web: http://www.danielsdahlstromartist.com
and he is also on facebook. | https://danielsdahlstromartist.com/blog/2013/01/28/original-oil-painting-ebb-tide-the-inspiration-for-it-and-galeria-united-in-rhode-island-and-the-demo/ |
Why Is The American Labor Force Shrinking?
Over the past few years we have watched the unemployment rate go from 10 percent down to its current 6.1 percent. So does that mean that more people are finding jobs? Not necessarily. Is the answer an anemic, slow growing economy or is it just a sign of changing times and demographics?
Looking At The Numbers
According to the US Debt Clock there were 153 million workers in the work force in 2000, today that number is 146 million. Where did 7 million workers go? The current workforce of 62.8 percent is 3.2 percent less than December of 2007. Those are 1970s work numbers.
According to the feds, the “labor force” is anyone over the age of fifteen who is employed or unemployed but seeking work.
The official unemployed stands at 9.5 million with the actual unemployed almost double that figure at 18.6 million.
Something must be done. Where are the job bills? Where are the increases in bond buying by the Federal Reserve? Maybe the economy is not really the problem.
Who Is Really Leaving The Labor Force And Why?
As I’ve told before 300,000 baby boomers are turning 65 each and every day. That’s 3 million each month. The admissions at Montana State, U of M, and other colleges are increasing. Student loans stand at over $1 trillion.
Ever since the 1970s, fewer older workers are employed during their prime earning years.
Does A Smaller Work Force Mean A Smaller Economy?
If the economy is not the reason for a shrinking workforce — what is? One thought is automation. More work and production requiring fewer physical workers on the job site means more profits moving in to the economic system. That type of improving economy will have zero effect on those currently out of the work force because they are no longer needed.
A case could most certainly be made that fewer workers translates to fewer customers at the grocery store and less spending in our capitalistic society. So more profits are being made but who will be there to spend that profit.
Right now that corporate profit is working it’s way down through entitlements like food stamps, school lunch programs, welfare, and unemployment.
Work Force Would Be Smaller Even Without The Recession
Some popular conceptions are that new workers, due to more efficient equipment and computer advancements, are not replacing the aging population that's retiring.
The United States has never experienced unemployment rates that have been as prolonged as they have been since 2007. Most recessions last about 15-18 months and even though this one officially ended in 2009 yet the middle class is still feeling the effects.
Some Final Thoughts
Who will not be coming back? Older workers that have been able to go on disability will probably not return. Students may spend longer time in school using student loans combined with part time minimum wage jobs.
Many “Millennials” have moved back in with mom and dad and baby boomers are retiring. I fear it’s going to be a long time before our labor force is anywhere near where it was. | https://kmmsam.com/why-is-the-american-labor-force-shrinking/ |
Everything is a remix is a very interesting and insightful video by Kirby Furguson. It encapsulates so much of what I want to say about creativity and my own experiences. Looking back on my own career everything I’ve created whether consciously or unconsciously has been the output of copying, transforming and combining works of people I admired and my own life experiences. Using the experiences of those who have come before me as building blocks to build on top of.
I truly believe our work and the way we solve problems is the by product of our influences and our experiences in life. Even when we are looking at user data and user insight, the way we will interpret and synthesise that information will be different from person to person. And I have no disillusions that “I am standing on the shoulders of the giants who have come before me.”
I think being a designer is similar to being a chef, we are learning recipes and flavour combinations over time. Like how tomato goes with basil and ham goes with cheese. We learn that Helvetica goes with swiss design and black goes with red. As more time passes you naturally build up a repertoire of ideas and recipes that you use when the right project presents itself. Your library of ideas and thinking becomes much larger allow you to mix and remix different solutions effortlessly. You have the ability to come up with a lot of concepts easily. I learnt by copying, remixing and combining ideas based on the work of people and agencies that I admired for many years. I think copying to learn is a great way to grow. I copied not just from designers but from artists, photographers, videographers and industrial designers and a whole gamut of other influences to synthesise my own ideas and points of view.
Don’t copy work like a poor knockoff but breakdown and take the essence of what makes something truly great. Perhaps it was my own incapability but I’ve never recreated things 1 for 1 even when I was just learning privately. I just found it too mundane and boring that I would always veer off the initial piece and naturally inject my own perspective. I think constantly creating and making things is a great way to really internalise ideas. I create a lot of half baked things for myself that sit in an ideas graveyard. Eventually though some of these ‘half baked concepts’ blossoms into fully fleshed ideas when the right projects come along. I just internalise things easier when I’ve created it already.
Life itself has so much you can copy from, I used to look at cars and try to copy certain ideas that could translate well to screen. So learn to copy from a wide ocean of materials and not from the same pools that everyone gathers to. Leverage the individuality of your own life experiences to solve problems in a way that is effective but also unique. After years of doing this I eventually found my own voice and a way to approach problems. Much like a seasoned chef learns to work with ingredients and a mastery of techniques. I learned to look at design from a lot of different angles, from design thinking and being user centric with my work. To being extra scrappy and iterating with prototypes and using the work to drive the conversation with clients for example. And the list goes on...
Much like cooking once you understand the basics, you have a great foundation to build upon. You can experiment with different ingredients and techniques to create harmonious results, by remixing and combining classical flavours to create new ideas. These ingredients in design are learning about type, copy, proportion, patterns, scale, hierarchy, colour by learning from the masters who have come before you and copying the work that speaks most to you. That is how I learnt to improve. | http://www.verse-co.com/journal/2016/6/9/copy-transform-combine |
E3S Web Conf.
Volume 34, 2018International Conference on Civil & Environmental Engineering (CENVIRON 2017)
|Article Number||01012|
|Number of page(s)||9|
|Section||Civil|
|DOI||https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183401012|
|Published online||19 March 2018|
Compaction and Plasticity Comparative Behaviour of Soft Clay Treated with Coarse and Fine Sizes of Ceramic Tiles
1
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Perak, Malaysia
2 Disaster Preparedness and Prevention Centre, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Kuala Lumpur, 54100 Kulala Lumpur, Malaysia
3 Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
* Corresponding author: [email protected]
Recycled blended ceramic tiles (RBT) is a waste material produced from ceramic tile factories and construction activities. RBT is found to be cost effective, sustainable, environmental-friendly and has the potential to be used as an additive in soft soil stabilization. Recent reports show that massive amounts of RBT are dumped into legal or illegal landfills every year consuming very large spaces and creating major environmental problems. On the other hand, dredged marine clay obtained from Nusajaya, Johor, Malaysia has weak physical and engineering characteristics to be considered as unsuitable soft soil that is usually excavated, dumped into landfills and replaced by stiff soil. Hence, this study investigates the suitability of possible uses of RBT to treat marine clay. Laboratory tests included Standard proctor tests and Atterberg limits tests. The plasticity of marine clay was evaluated by adding 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of 0.3 mm RBT. In addition, the compaction behaviour of treated marine clay was compared by adding two different sizes (0.3 mm and 1.18 mm diameter) of RBT. For both coarse and fine sizes of RBT, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of the dry weight of the soft clay were added. The mixture of each combination was examined in order to evaluate the Maximum Dry Density (MDD) and the optimum moisture content (OMC) for the treated soft clay. MDD and OMC for soft untreated samples were 1.59 Mg/m3 and 22%, respectively. Treated samples with 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of 0.30 mm size RBT resulted in a significant reduction of OMC ranged from 19 to 15% while MDD resulted in increment ranged from 1.69 to 1.77 Mg/m3. In addition, samples treated with 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of 1.18 mm size RBT resulted in major reduction of OMC ranged from 15 to 13.5% while MDD increased effectively from 1.75 to 1.82 Mg/m3. For all mix designs of soft clay-RBT, MDD was gradually increasing and OMC was sharply reducing with further increments of both sizes of RBT.
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2018
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Initial download of the metrics may take a while. | https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/abs/2018/09/e3sconf_cenviron2018_01012/e3sconf_cenviron2018_01012.html |
Pilot Study of An Intracranial Electroencephalography Biomarker of Depressive Symptoms in Epilepsy.
Adult patients with epilepsy have an increased prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD). Intracranial EEG (iEEG) captured during extended inpatient monitoring of patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy offers a particularly promising method to study MDD networks in epilepsy. The authors used 24 hours of resting-state iEEG to examine the neural activity patterns within corticolimbic structures that reflected the presence of depressive symptoms in 13 adults with medication-refractory epilepsy. Principal component analysis was performed on the z-scored mean relative power in five standard frequency bands averaged across electrodes within a region. Principal component 3 was a statistically significant predictor of the presence of depressive symptoms (R2=0.35, p=0.014). A balanced logistic classifier model using principal component 3 alone correctly classified 78% of patients as belonging to the group with a high burden of depressive symptoms or a control group with minimal depressive symptoms (sensitivity, 75%; specificity, 80%; area under the curve=0.8, leave-one-out cross validation). Classification was dependent on beta power throughout the corticolimbic network and low-frequency cingulate power. These finding suggest, for the first time, that neural features across circuits involved in epilepsy may distinguish patients who have depressive symptoms from those who do not. Larger studies are required to validate these findings and to assess their diagnostic utility in MDD.
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- Csikszentmihalyi and his theory of creative "flow"
A Hungarian psychology professor, Csikszentmihalyi emigrated to the United States in his early twenties. After being a department head at the University of Chicago and Lake Forest College, he is today at Claremont Graduate University.
He is best known for his work on creativity and happiness, and for having identified and named the creative state of "flow", described in more detail below. Researcher, writer, he has authored a great many books and articles and is hailed as a leading authority on joy.
Before discussing Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, I would like to begin with one of the world’s best-loved and best-known works of art: The Creation, by Michelangelo. God bringing the father of humanity, Adam, to life, from mere dust.
When commissioned by the Pope in the early 16th century, Michelangelo painted an enormous fresco on the Sistine Chapel ceiling, measuring over 520 square meters - that's about equivalent to the surface area of two tennis courts.
He spent five years lying on his back, the uncomfortable position on the scaffolding reportedly putting him in daily agony. He went without food, drink, or going to bed, according to accounts of the time, until he actually lost consciousness, virtually swooning into sleep. Yet strangely, when he came to he would appear completely refreshed to his observers, and return immediately to his task.
Which brings us to the next logical thought: what was wrong with this man?
In the 1960s a young Hungarian psychologist called Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (Me-hi Cheek-Sent-Me-Hi) wanted to answer the question of why artists behave this way. He concluded that it was due to a state called “flow”.
- and having a sense of reward in achieving the task.
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi then went on to broaden his research to study other types of creative people, from scientists to novelists, and determined that they too were "autotelics", or people with a propensity for experiencing flow.
- you have all of these characteristics.
But we are all special and creative without necessarily being autotelecs! If you have played chess or cooked a great chocolate cake and not seen the time pass, you have experienced flow. We’ve all got us in us. Interestingly, even a bank robber planning a heist could conceivably experience flow.
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi then gave beepers to volunteers; they would never know when they would be beeped, but when they were, they were to note what their activity at that moment was, and to grade on a scale of one to ten how happy they were. And this is what he learned.
People experience the highest degree of joy not when they are counting money or proposing marriage. They experience it when they are experiencing flow, in playing the violin; doing figure skating; sailing a sailboat; and yes, when they are drawing a drawing. When you are doing a skill you are personally passionate about, that takes learning and perfecting.
This is why we should care about flow – as Martin Selegman, the father of Positive Psychology puts it, life is not about earning the money you need to buy the things that make you happy; rather, it is about finding what makes you happy and simply doing more of it.
This joy, this spark of creativity illuminates our selves and our lives, making us feel whole and giving our lives meaning. A divine spark, that again and again raises us, as individuals and as the race of mankind, from mere dust to seeking the greatest we have to offer our selves and the world.
Go from "Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi and Flow" to "How to Be Creative" | http://www.howtodrawjourney.com/mihaly-csikszentmihalyi.html |
Job Purpose:
Responsible for the day-to-day operations and clinical oversight the Acute Treatment Unit and the Crisis Stabilization Unit.
Goals and Objectives:
Contribute to the financial health of the organization by ensuring that all programs function within their specified budgets.
Monitor clinical outcomes and program fidelity to ensure that high quality and evidence based interventions are being delivered and that clients are improving.
Promote staff growth and development through ongoing supervision and coaching of supervisors and team leads. Ensure that all assigned clinical staff receive the supervision, training and coaching required to impact positive clinical outcomes.
Duties and Responsibilities:
Work collaboratively with Program Director or VP to develop and execute the scope of work, key program metrics and outcomes and clinical expectations of the team and overall program.
Provide regular coaching, supervision and administrative oversight for staff in order to achieve program metrics and professional growth and development opportunities.
Promote an atmosphere of team building and positive communication with an emphasis on team based care as a core concept of service delivery.
Work with supervisors and team leads to ensure that staff within programs have the tools to do their job in a way that promotes safety and contributes to programmatic success.
Audit procedures, schedules and charting to ensure the guidelines in place support the operation of the program, staff and clinical outcomes. In coordination with QIC and Program Director lead process improvement projects as indicated.
Work in collaboration with Program Director and Human Resources Director to oversee hiring, disciplinary action, coaching and performance evaluations for assigned staff.
Develop and maintain positive, collaborative and solution focused relationships with community partners. Participate in difficult case consultations, developing creative solutions and problem solving when Behavioral Health concerns require systemic solutions.
Function as an Ambassador of AllHealth Network promoting positive communication, training and marketing to the community at large.
Contribute to the positive financial health of the organization by assisting with the development of the program budget and ensuring that day to day operations and spending fall within the approved budget guidelines. Work with supervisors and team leads to hold staff accountable to productivity standards and to ensure that all staff utilize correct billing codes and processes.
Enhance professional growth and development by participating in specialized training.
Attend and participate in all required departmental meetings, assigned committee meetings, organizational leadership and other community meetings as delegated.
Follow all AllHealth Network policies and procedures
Complete all required trainings as listed in Relias Learning (both online training and face-to-face training) within required timelines
Perform other duties as required within the scope of the position and the experience, education and ability of the employee.
Key Technical Skills and Knowledge:
Education:
Masters degree in behavioral health field (Social Work, Clinical Psychology, Counseling)
Clinical licensure required: LPC, LCSW, LMFT
Experience:
3 years related experience in a mental health setting at least one year must be inpatient experience. Supervision experience required.
Skills/Knowledge:
Must demonstrate competence in clinical assessment, diagnosis and therapeutic interventions with ability to transfer knowledge to others.
Knowledge of and experience with managed care and behavioral health rules and regulations.
Knowledge of and experience with business operations and financial management preferred.
Experience with program development and evaluation and metrics.
Broad base of knowledge regarding evidence based and promising clinical practice.
Possess a high level of understanding of community resources, treatment options, funding options, and special programs.
Advanced written and oral communication, decision making and problem solving skills, efficient time management with multi-tasking ability.
Excellent interpersonal skills, the ability to work independently and as part of a team; collaborating with other internal and external teams.
Ability to build, engage and motivate teams; understanding and utilizing team approach to care delivery.
Salary: $75,000 - $80,000
The base salary range represents the low and high end of the AllHealth Network salary range for this position. Actual salaries will vary and may be above or below the range based on various factors including but not limited to experience, education, training, merit, and the ability to embody the AllHealth Network mission and values. The range listed is just one component of AllHealth Networks total compensation package for employees. Other rewards may include short-term and long-term incentives as well as a generous benefits package detailed below.
Benefits & Perks:
First, you would be joining on of Denvers Top Places to Work! We are honored to receive this amazing designation and we know it is recognition from our engaged staff who believe they are taken care of, listened to, and believe they are part of something bigger.
Our facility is approved by the Colorado Health Service Corps (CHSC), and we offer our employees the opportunity to participate in our Loan Repayment Program. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive compensation and benefits package which includes:
Positive, collaborative team culture
Competitive compensation structure
Medical Insurance, Dental Insurance, Basic Life and AD&D Insurance, Short- and Long-Term Disability Insurance, Flexible Spending Accounts
Retirement Savings 401k, company match up to 50% of the first 6% contributed
Excellent Paid Time Off & Paid Holidays Off
Additional Benefits
AllHealth Network is dedicated to the principles of equal employment opportunity. We prohibit unlawful discrimination against applicants or employees on the basis of age 40 and over, race, sex, color, religion, national origin, disability, marital status, gender, sexual orientation, genetic information, or any other status protected by applicable state or local law. | https://allhealth-network117.nolig.com/jobs/interim-clinical-manager-atu-csu-littleton-co-16997189 |
The Raytheon Technologies (RTX) team is seeking an Infrastructure Principal DevOps/DevSecOps Engineer with proven technical experience. The ideal candidate shall possess expertise and experience with implementing DevOps/DevSecOps platforms, processes, and tools to support agile application development across program areas.
The Principal DevOps/DevSecOps Engineer may participate in new business activities, such as proposals and architecture/designs reviews as needed. This role may periodically lead, or mentor junior team members, execute trade studies, develop prototypes, create metrics, and prepare and present technical Information to an audience. The role requires flexibility to work hybrid work schedule of remote and on-site availability in the Richardson TX, Sterling VA, or Aurora CO areas.
Responsibilities Include:
Leverage company best practices and capabilities to assist programs with deployment, implementation, modernization, and support of DevSecOps solutions
Support software customization and automation including deployment of templates, dashboards, and scripts to support program needs
Assist with design, architecture, development and support of build/test pipeline and integration, optimizing for performance and scalability across both cloud and on-premises computing environments
Assist engineers with DevOps/DevSecOps tool usage and issues, leveraging standards and best practices
Clearance requirement: Must be a US Citizen and able to obtain a Top Secret /SCI Clearance
Specialized Skills required to perform this role:
System deployment using automation frameworks (Ansible preferred)
Container development and orchestration (Helm, Kubernetes, Docker)
Automated Unit, Integration and System testing leveraging common frameworks (design and implementation)
UML/SysML modeling experience
Infrastructure as Code
Required Skills:
Leadership in implementing and accelerating DevOps adoption
SOA Software development
CI/CD pipeline experience
Proficiency with at least one major programming language (Python, Java, Ruby, C++, C#, Go)
Agile methodologies (including agile leadership and planning)
Administration of traditional and cloud infrastructures (AWS)
Robust configuration management
Ability to communicate technical concepts both up and down the management chain
Ability to obtain a TS/SCI Security Clearance and US Citizenship required
Experience with the architecture and design of COTS Infrastructure (IT)
Experience with Windows and/or Linux System Administration
The ability to work independently, without much supervision, and ensure project goals are met
Proven analytical skills with the ability to troubleshoot complex tool and system operation performance issues with services and devices spanning multiple network boundaries
Experience in technical leadership and mentoring team members
Ability to prepare and present status, plans, and risks to management
Desired Skills:
General working knowledge of networks, storage, and virtualization
Current existing DoD-S/TS clearance strongly desired
Background in COTS/FOSS product installation, configuration, and integration
Expert level skill with Kubernetes and containers
Expert level skill with automation tools such as Chef, Puppet, Ansible, Terraform
Experience in commercial product development / leadership
Ability to stay abreast of emerging system development trends
Exposure to Information Assurance and Security Compliance standards, e.g., ICD-503 or Risk Management Framework
Education Requirements:
Requires a BA/BS degree and minimum 8 years of prior relevant experience
188779
Raytheon is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action employer. All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, age, color, religion, creed, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, disability, or protected Veteran status. | https://military.rtx.com/aurora-co/principal-devsecops-engineer/F1227C81B55B4D0C8064AEC988649E70/job/ |
A gene variant found mainly in people with African ancestry increases the odds of HIV infection in African Americans exposed to the virus says a study published today. Once infection has set in, however, this same variant slows the progression of the disease, allowing people to live about two years longer.
The authors of the study, published today in Cell Host & Microbe, estimate that in Africa, this genetic variant may be responsible for 11 percent of the HIV burden.
In a cohort of close to 1,300 African Americans, He et al. found that those people who lacked a protein on their red blood cells called the Duffy antigen had 40 percent higher odds of being infected by HIV but were more likely to have a slower progression of their disease.
Duffy Negative
About 90 percent of sub-Saharan Africans, and close to 70 percent of African Americans, are “Duffy negative,” meaning they have two copies of a particular version of the Duffy antigen gene that prevents the protein from being made in red blood cells. Duffy negativity has previously been associated with resistance to one strain of malaria, Plasmodium vivax.
“After thousand of years of adaptation, this Duffy variant rose to high frequency because it helped protect against malaria,” said Matthew Dolan, one of the study’s authors. “Now, with another global pandemic on the scene, the same variant renders people more susceptible to HIV. It shows that complex interplay between historically important diseases and susceptibility in contemporary times.”
The slowing of disease progression seen in Duffy-negative HIV-positive individuals was comparable to that seen in Europeans who carry a genetic variant called “CCR5Delta32”. Two copies of CCR5Delta32 render people resistant to the most common strain of HIV, while having just one copy is associated slowed disease progression.
Contradictory Effect
The authors of the current study speculate that the seemingly contradictory effect of the Duffy antigen on HIV — lacking the protein promotes infection but slows disease — are due to complex interactions between the Duffy antigen and chemicals called chemokines that bind to it and the HIV virus itself. They propose a model in which being Duffy-positive results in increased anti-HIV chemokines in the bloodstream, which helps fight off an HIV infection. But in the event the virus does get a foothold, the increased chemokines actually facilitate disease progression by increasing inflammation, and the Duffy antigen ends up being a liability by providing a binding site for the HIV virus.
“The parts of a car that get it into gear are separate from those that get it moving once in gear,” said Sunil Ahuja, senior author of the paper. “ A similar analogy applies to HIV; the factors that influence its transmission are not necessarily the same as those that influence disease progression.”
Insights
The results of the current study not only suggest that Duffy-negativity might be an important part of the picture when considering the global HIV pandemic; they also help explain previous studies, which showed genetic variants that increase the levels of two chemokines in particular — CCL2 and CCL5 — were associated with faster disease progression in European Americans.
The authors of the current study found that those other variants also accelerate disease progression among African Americans — but only among those who are Duffy positive. Among the majority of African Americans who are Duffy negative, the genes affecting CCL2 and CCL5 appear to make little difference. In their conclusion, the researchers point out that these results demonstrate the importance of understanding the interactions between genes that affect disease susceptibility.
If you’re really interested, here are links to the original CCL2 and CCL5 studies that found the SNPs that increased the levels of these chemokines and the rate of disease progression in HIV infected European Americans. | https://blog.23andme.com/23andme-research/genetic-variant-may-influence-susceptibility-to-hiv/ |
The fascination with electricity began in ancient Greece when electric charges were produced by rubbing amber. It keeps growing with every new discovery, and we have come to a stage where life without electricity is impossible. Electrical and Electronics Engineering has evolved into an exciting high technology discipline covering a wide spectrum of engineering activities. For young people, it provides employment opportunities of various nature and one can choose a career to suit his or her aptitudes.
VISION & MISSION
VISION
To provide students with high quality education so that they are well-prepared to become high caliber Electrical and Electronics Engineers, and it aspires to grow to the level of gaining global recognition.
MISSION
To develop competent technocrats who strive continuously in pursuit of professional excellence in the field of Electrical and Electronics Engineering.
To develop and sustain a culture of research while promoting values, ethics and professionalism.
To offer well-balanced curriculum to help students acquire professional competencies and to arrange placements for students.
To develop state-of-art infrastructure and research for effective teaching-learning process.
Strengthening of soft skills especially for rural students through co-curricular and extra-curricular activities.
PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
PEO1: Have successful technical and professional careers in their chosen fields such as circuit theory, field theory, control theory and computational platforms.
PEO2: Engross in life long process of learning to keep themselves abreast of new developments in the field of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and their applications in power engineering.
PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
PO1: Engineering knowledge:Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems.
PO2: Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
PO3: Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.
PO4: Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
PO5: Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering and communication tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
PO6: The engineer and society:Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.
PO7: Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.
PO8: Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice.
PO9: Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual and as a member or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
PO10: Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering community and with society at large, such as being able to comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
PO11: Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the engineering and management principles and apply these to one‘s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
PO12: Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.
PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOs)
PSO1: To analyze, design and develop solutions by applying foundational concepts of electronics and communication engineering
PSO2: To apply design principles and best practices for developing quality products for scientific and business applications.
PSO3: To adapt to emerging information and communication technologies (ICT) to innovate ideas and solutions to existing/novel problems.
Laboratory Facilities
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- Electrical Machines Lab – I
- Electrical Machines Lab – II
- Electrical Engineering Lab
- Linear and Digital Integrated Circuits Lab
- Control and Instrumentation Lab
- Basic Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Lab
- Power Electronics and Drives Lab
- Power System Simulation Lab
- Microprocessors and Microcontrollers Lab
- Engineering Practices Lab
- Electric Circuits Lab
- Electronics Lab
- Renewable Energy Systems Lab
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Head of the Department
|Name||:||Dr. A. Josephine Amala|
|Designation||:||Professor & HOD|
|Educational Qualification||:||M.E., Ph.D.|
|Teaching Experience||:||25 years 8 Months|
Faculty - UG
Mrs. M. Priya
Associate Professor
M.E.,(Power Electronics and Drives)
Mr. G. Sundararajan
Assistant Professor (Se.G)
M.E.,(High Voltage Engineering)
Mr. S. Muthuveerappan
Associate Professor
M.E.,(Power Systems Engineering)
Mrs. P. Rathi Devi
Assistant Professor (Se.G)
M.E.,(Power Electronics and Drives)
Mr. P. John Britto
Assistant Professor (Se.G)
M.E.,(Power Electronics and Drives)
Mr. S. Karthikeyan
Assistant Professor
M.E.,(Power Electronics and Drives)
Mrs. A.Ananthi
Assistant Professor
M.E.,(Power Systems Engineering)
Mrs. A. SHEELA PRINCY
Assistant Professor
M.E.,(Power Systems Engineering)
Ms. A. AMALA SUGANYA
Assistant Professor
M.E.,(Power Systems Engineering)
Faculty - PG
Dr. S. Sathiyamoorthy
Professor
M.E., Ph.D. | http://jjcet.ac.in/?page_id=374 |
Whether you want to add new destinations to your existing portfolio, or need ideas to enhance an existing programme, Travel Projects are the people to contact for Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Albania. We can design tour programmes, provide hotel recommendations, write content for brochures, dossiers, itineraries and background information specifically tailored to your particular client base.
Contact Travel Projects to discuss your requirements and receive a quote based on your brief. | http://www.travelprojects.co.uk/product-development/ |
JACKSONVILLE BEACH, Fla. — Lifeguards are urged visitors to pay attention to warning flags Monday, after a weekend of dangerous ocean conditions.
More than 30 lifeguards and six officers patroled the more than four miles of Jacksonville Beach in anticipation of the Labor Day crowds.
A yellow flag flew over the sand at Jacksonville Beach, but Saturday and Sunday saw red flags warning of strong rip currents and high waves.
Kensley Giraldo and her family were enjoying Jax Beach on Monday for the first time since moving to Florida. They said the was beach not too crowded, but the waves were strong enough to knock Giraldo off her boogie board.
“It was really warm but it was really, there were like really big waves so it was kinda hard and I fell off a few times," Giraldo said.
There are five colors of flags, ranging from safe to beach completely closed.
- Green Flag- Calm Ocean Conditions. Swim near a lifeguard.
- Yellow Flag- Moderate Ocean Conditions. Waves, long-shore currents, and rip currents are present; danger may increase greatly depending on tide and/or location. Check with your lifeguard before entering the water.
- Red Flag- Dangerous Ocean Conditions. Persistent large waves, strong long-shore current, strong rip currents.
- Double Red Flag- No water activity allowed. Water is closed.
- Purple Flag- Dangerous Marine Life Present. Although there is always dangerous marine life in the ocean, when the purple flag is seen flown, bathers should be alert that there is an influx of dangerous marine life at the time.
Lifeguards said even with the yellow flag, conditions can still be treacherous.
“We need to stress to all beachgoers just because it looks calm doesn’t mean it’s safe," said Captain Maxwell Ervanian of Jax Beach Lifeguards. “We’ve had lots of the ocean floor turned up from the strong swells to where we’re going to be seeing heavy rip currents were going to be expecting to see the shallow sand bars, the high sand bars, the deep slews."
Ervanian explained a yellow flag day can make it hard for children to stay above water. He suggests parents create their own set of safety rules, something Giraldo mom’s did before getting in the ocean.
“Number one rule, they have to stay close and they have to stay visible to mom and dad and can’t go too far, so above, not going past their knees," said Giraldo said.
With four miles of beach, lifeguards have a special warning for parents.
“If they are to get separated from their kids immediately go to a lifeguard," Ervanian said. "Do not attempt to look yourself. It’s much easier for 42 people to look for you kids than it is for 1 or 2 people."
If a lifeguard is blowing their whistle, do what they say and look for their hand signals that will give you directions. A lifeguard will try to prevent accidents before they happen, so always listen even if you think you’re in the clear.
“They tell us all the time, stop talking to us leave us alone we’re perfectly fine but what they don’t realize is that they are only a couple of yards away from a really dangerous rip current or they’re approaching a really deep slew and we’ve noticed they’re not great swimmers," said Captain Ervanian. | https://www.firstcoastnews.com/article/news/local/lifeguards-warn-of-dangerous-rip-currents-throughout-the-labor-day-weekend/77-bbf1bb4b-fcdc-4337-9964-fafe439d1a71 |
Our CED Career Counseler provides career counseling and advice regarding career exploration, internships, job search strategies, graduate school and LinkedIn assistance/profile reviews for students at the UC Berkeley College of Environmental Design.
Make an appointment with Dinorah to discuss job search needs, resume support, alumni mentorship or interview practice.
Read about Dinorah's interests on the Career Center's website.
Appointments are released 1-2 weeks in advance. If you do not see an available appointment, please check back! | https://ced.berkeley.edu/students/career-services/ced-career-counseling/ |
C. Y. Chung, Member-at-Large (Global Outreach)
It is an honor and a privilege for me to write this article to share my experiences and thoughts about the IEEE Power and Energy Society (PES) membership and global outreach. I have been a member of PES for more than 15 years. This society has provided me with various opportunities to grow both professionally and personally. In my opinion, PES is the most suitable platform for scholars and engineers to build professional networks and to share knowledge and build collaborative research projects in power and energy areas. I strongly suggest aspiring researchers and professionals make use of this platform to further advance their careers.
The growing interest in the fields of smart grids and renewable energy has resulted in PES becoming an increasingly significant organization as these fields directly correlate to the fundamental objectives of PES. This society plays an important role in establishing standards and guidelines for future power systems as well as providing scholars and researchers opportunities to share their state-of-the-art works through conferences and papers. In this regard, PES membership has become very important for those connected to the advancement of the power systems. PES provides a strong platform that connects researchers and industry so as to realize the future power system. This connection is highly important to transfer the knowledge and research outcomes to the industry. Members of PES enjoy a wide array of benefits such as accessing technical information about epoch-making advancements in the field, opportunities to meet, network and collaborate with world-renowned scholars and engineers, and receiving significant discounts in PES sponsored or co-sponsored conferences and meetings. Furthermore, their contributions are recognized at each stage of their careers. One of the most important elements of PES membership is its student memberships. There has been a growing increase in student membership of PES. Students enjoy various benefits such as travel awards for attending conferences, reduced registration fees and much more. The number of PES student chapters and student memberships is expected to significantly grow in future. PES believes that today’s students are tomorrow’s leaders. Hence, PES has introduced various initiatives to promote the society among the students.
Although PES membership has been increasing over the past few years, there is room to further expand the outreach of this society in various countries. In response to the need to expand PES membership across the globe, IEEE PES Governing Board has formed a task force on membership expansion in Regions 8, 9 and 10. This task force, chaired by Prof. Miroslav Begovic (Past IEEE PES President) and myself, aims to:
- Identify the main obstacles to membership expansion in the targeted regions;
- Determine suitable strategies to address the identified obstacles; and
- Implement the strategic plans to increase membership and enhance the outreach in these regions.
In the first step, our focus is on increasing PES membership in China. After that, our attention will be devoted to other countries and cities in Region 10 and, finally, we will concentrate on expanding the PES membership in Regions 8 and 9 based on experiences gained in Region 10. Up to now, we have introduced the task force in several events such as IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference 2016 (APPEEC 2016) in Xian, China and the meeting of IEEE PES Chapter Chairs in China. In these meetings, we have identified certain initiatives, such as corporate membership, significant discounts for members compared with non-members for participation in PES activities, active involvement of local industries and usage of local languages in regional activities. The proper implementation of these initiatives can surely increase the outreach of PES in different parts of the world.
The power and energy sector is changing rapidly. In this regard, PES is expected to play a key role in providing technical leadership to industry and society. The need to expand PES membership and outreach will be more evident in the future, as researchers and professionals from all over the world will continue to participate in the advancement of power and energy sector. PES and its membership and outreach program will continue to bring together researchers and professionals from various parts of the world, all of whom share a common goal, which is the betterment of society through advancement in the field of power and energy systems.
Finally, I would highly appreciate any comments, suggestions and ideas that you believe can increase the membership and outreach of PES and also can benefit the current members of PES. I can be reached at [email protected]. | http://sites.ieee.org/pes-enews/2016/12/12/c-y-chung-member-at-large-global-outreach/ |
The Katonga Wildlife Reserve is located in western Uganda within Kyenjojo and Kamwenge Districts., along the river banks of Katonga. The journey into the Reserve is a three-hour drive from Kampala to Kyegegwa Town Council. At Kyegegwa, detour southwards for 42 km following well visible signposts.Many of the species of plants and animals in the reserve are unique to its wetland environment.
Katonga Wildlife Reserve covers an area of 207 square kilometres was gazetted in 1964 as a game reserve, to serve as a corridor for migrating wildlife from Western Uganda to Tanzania and Sudan. It became a Wildlife Reserve in 1996 when the former Game Department and Uganda National Parks merged to form Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA). It’s recently managed by UWA under the Kibale Conservation Area administration with a Warden In-Charge based at the Reserve Head Office at Kikorogoto.
The Reserve contains different vegetation types. Vegetation includes grasslands, wooded grasslands, woodlands, riverine woodlands, swamp, riverine grasslands, and papyrus. Most of the area is mixed savannah with acacia or woodland. However, large portions of the reserve are either permanent or seasonal wetlands. The reserve also contains various pockets of riverine and tropical forests.
Its fantastic geographical location among forests, swamps and savannah vegetation gives the reserve a diverse ecosystem that favours the existence of a variety of animal species. The most dominant plant species include Sporobolus festivus and Chloris gayana. These species exist with associate species like Setaria species, Hyparrhenia species and occasional Panicum maximum.
The Katonga wetland system is interlinked with the Nile system forming an important wetland system for human survival. The variety of different vegetation types, particularly the wetlands, provides a range of habitats, which enhances the faunal diversity of the reserve.
Katonga Wildlife Reserve has a viable Situating population inhabiting the Katonga Wetland System. The reserve also harbours high population of waterbucks. The population of Hippos and birds is also growing in addition to primates.
In the 1960s, the reserve was home to a various animals including the zebra, topi and eland, which are no longer seen in the reserve. Elephant, buffalo, waterbuck, bushbuck, reedbuck are residents in the reserve. Between 1971 and 1985, most of the wildlife was killed through commercial and subsistence poaching. The reserve was also heavily encroached by cultivators and cattle grazing. In 2014 however, all the encroachers in the park were evicted.
60 Impalas and 5 Zebras were successfully Trans located to the Katonga game reserve in order to rise and increase the animal population for the purpose of boosting wildlife tourism. The population of impalas is now 300 and 150 birds including wetlands, savannah and forests species. There are other animals like Black and White Colobus Monkey, the River Otter, and Olive Baboon, Uganda Kob, Waterbuck, Leopard, Buffalo, reedbuck, bushbuck and duiker and chevrotain. The reserve is also home to various reptiles, amphibians and butterflies. | https://www.reachafricanwildlife.com/katonga-wildlife-reserve/ |
Mexican Soccer Star Finds A “Border Wall” At Toys R Us In Portugal
Meet Miguel Layun.
He’s one of the standout fútbol players on Mexico’s national team.
He currently plays professionally for FC Porto, a club based in Porto, Portugal.
During some recent off time, Layun visited a Toys ‘R’ Us in the neighborhood of Gaia in Porto. He was shocked to find the store displaying a “brick” wall, a stop sign and two signs: one with an arrow to Mexico, and another with an arrow for USA.
Layun took to social accounts to post a photo of the U.S-Mexico border wall display. “It doesn’t scare me, but I think it’s disrespectful for @toysrus in Gaia to put up these decorations. It’s a message that is not really appropriate for children. Let them grow up without prejudices,” wrote Layun.
On Twitter, Layun said his family walked out of the store after seeing the display.
Qué triste que el @ToysRUs en Gaia tenga este tipo de decoración. Optamos por salir cuando vimos esta "broma". ✋? pic.twitter.com/Nxo5MrIStV
— Miguel Layun (@Miguel_layun) February 25, 2017
About an hour after he posted the image to his social accounts, Toys ‘R’ Us replied to Layun’s tweet.Credit: Toys R Us / Twitter
A few hours later, Layun posted a video with an update of the incident. According to Layun, the store manager and employees spoke to him after he posted the photo.Miguel Layun Oficial / Facebook
“I want to clear up what happened today at Toys R Us. I want to thank the manager and workers for speaking to me and my family to make it clear their intention was not to mock us or make us feel uncomfortable. The decoration was just that — a decoration for the “carnaval” taking place in Portugal. I also wanted to thank Toys R Us for letting me know that those are not the politics or ideals of the company. From the heart, I appreciate it. I also wanted to mention that it would hurt me very much if this led to the firing of one of the employees working in Gaia. That wasn’t the idea. It was simply to express that respect is important.”
He then reiterated there are real people affected by a U.S.-Mexico border wall and the negativity surrounding it.Credit: Miguel Layun Oficial / Facebook
“It’s a delicate subject that is affecting [people] and creating difficult problems for many people. It’s not a subject to play around with. Hopefully, I was able to make them conscious of this. That was my only goal. I hope that this served that purpose… I hope that we all do what we can because the last thing we need in this world is more reasons to incite violence. That’s all I wanted to make clear in my message, and again, I wanted to thank all the people at Toys R Us, for making it clear that’s not the way you wanted to decoration to be displayed… [I also send] a strong greeting to all the Mexican families out there.”
Watch Layun’s full message here:
De verdad solo pido que no haya ninguna pérdida de trabajo con lo ocurrido hoy. Gracias Toys”R”Us . | https://wearemitu.com/newsfeed/mexican-soccer-star-finds-a-border-wall-at-toys-r-us-in-portugal/ |
Industry-leading care provider Apex Rehabilitation Solutions seeks an experienced, licensed Physical Therapist to join its fast-growing team of therapeutic professionals. This critical role provides a host of physical therapy services to residents/clients, in-center and in-home, and oversees the success development and implementation of care plans in conjunction with fellow multidisciplinary care team members.
Apex Rehabilitation Solutions is a full service provider of rehabilitation therapy and management services in skilled, long-term, outpatient, and in-home care environments. Highly skilled and experienced physical, occupational, speech, and respiratory therapists work together to ensure that patients return to the highest possible level of function.
The mission of Apex Rehabilitation Solutions is to promote health and wellness for residents. They provide preventative and restorative health services to improve the quality of life of all they serve. They strive to accomplish this mission through the fundamental core values of integrity, dignity, respect, and fun.
The resident Physical Therapist is an important piece of Apex’s multidisciplinary approach and, as such, requires an experienced, innovative and compassionate professional to carry out diverse duties to the center’s aging population. Relevant experience as well as a current license are required. A driver’s license and reliable transportation are also required, as this role requires some local travel. | https://careers-qnsrecruiting.icims.com/jobs/5474/physical-therapist---scott-twp/job |
Throughout the process leading up to the 2021 NFL Draft, a debate has raged as to which pass rusher is the top EDGE in the draft class.
It seems as though just about every draft analyst has a different opinion (and justification) for which of the top EDGE defenders is the top EDGE. But in just about every list, Michigan’s Kwity Paye has been among the most consistently highly rated.
Paye is widely considered to be the safest EDGE prospect in the draft, with few warts on his game and no glaring red flags. He has the size the NFL has typically liked at the position, as well as plenty of athleticism — he topped Bruce Feldman’s annual “Freaks” list.
But while Paye might be the safest pick among the top EDGE prospects, does that mean he’s the best?
Prospect: Kwity Paye
Games Watched: vs. Iowa (2019), vs. Indiana (2020), vs. Michigan State (2020), vs. Penn State (2020)
Measurables
Career Stats
Games Played: 28
Tackles: 97
Tackles For a loss: 23.5
Sacks: 11.5
Forced Fumbles: 1
2020 Stats
Games Played: 4
Tackles: 16
Tackles For a loss: 4.0
Sacks: 2.0
Forced Fumbles: 0
Quick Summary
Best: Linear explosiveness, hand usage, competitive toughness
Worst: Agility, lower body fluidity
Projection: A starting defensive end in a 4-3 front.
Game Tape
Full Report
Michigan defensive end Kwity Paye has a good blend of size, length, and strength for the defensive end position at the NFL level. Paye lines up on both sides of the Michigan defensive line, playing both left and right defensive end spots. Paye is also capable of playing out of two and three-point stances, and has adequate size, thickness, and strength to move inside in certain packages at the next level as well.
Paye plays out of a low stance, with good leverage to start the play. He is an explosive linear athlete with a good initial quickness and the ability to be explosive off the ball. Paye shows polished hand usage for a college prospect, consistently winning hand battles with offensive linemen and preventing them from locking in their blocks. He tends to target blockers hands early in the play, using swipe and long-arm moves to neutralize blockers’ hands before slipping past with a club move. Paye consistently fights for, and wins, inside leverage on offensive tackles, then extending his arms and creating room with which to work. He has enough lateral agility and explosive in his lower body to present a threat with inside moves, as well as making him an effective looper on stunts and twists along the line of scrimmage.
Paye is a disciplined run defender who shows generally good mental processing in diagnosing running plays. He is also consistently faithful to his assignment and practices good gap integrity. Paye shows good competitive toughness in his play, hustling in pursuit and fighting through blocks to disrupt late in the play.
Paye shows stiffness in his lower body, particularly in his ankles and hips. That stiffness limits his ability to bend and carry speed around the edge as a pass rusher. It also limits his lateral agility to quickly disengage from blockers and make tackles on athletic players in close spaces.
Paye’s first step off the line of scrimmage is compromised by inconsistent snap timing, to the point where he can be the last player moving at the snap of the ball. He can also show some hesitation when faced with misdirection, at times having to pause completely to diagnose read-option plays. And while he consistently begins plays with good leverage, he has a tendency to lose that leverage if his initial pass rush move fails. Paye can find himself hung up on blockers if his initial move fails and they are able to establish their blocks.
Overall Grade: 8.3 - This prospect has the potential to start in the NFL and be a contributor early in his career, though he could have some schematic limitations.
Projection
Michigan’s Kwity Paye projects best as a reliable starting defensive end in a 4-3 front. Defensive coordinators will appreciate Paye’s competitive toughness and discipline, as well as his ability to be a reliable player on all downs. However, he is somewhat scheme limited and is an awkward fit in most modern 3-4 defenses (or hybrid defenses based in one-gap 34 principles). Paye lacks the elite athleticism necessary to be a consistent star pass rusher, and will struggle to bend the edge or beat NFL caliber offensive tackles with speed. For instance, he was consistently frustrated when rushing from the defensive left against Tristan Wirfs in 2019.
Paye is an explosive linear athlete, and his 4.52 second 40-yard dash is impressive for his 261 pound frame. However, he isn’t a particularly “bendy” edge rusher and will likely need some help from the defensive scheme on passing downs. He could often find himself moved to wider alignments, looping inside, or moved to a defensive tackle position when running plays are unlikely.
Instead of being a speed rusher, Paye will win with toughness, strength, and technique, though coaches will want to work on improving his snap anticipation. Rather than the next Von Miller or Myles Garrett, Paye looks to be a player in the mold of Adrian Clayborn, Olivier Vernon, or Trey Flowers. A good, reliable defensive end who will be a consistent presence, but not a player to take over games. | https://www.bigblueview.com/2021/4/17/22383658/2021-nfl-draft-prospect-profile-kwity-paye-edge-michigan-scouting-report-ny-giants |
Norwalk developer renews heated debate with more murals
The mural on the side of the building, at 11 Belden Ave. in Norwalk, done by the local artist Action.
The mural on the side of the building, at 11 Belden Ave. in Norwalk, done by the local artist Action.
Photo: Justin Papp / Hearst Connecticut Media
Photo: Justin Papp / Hearst Connecticut Media
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The mural on the side of the building, at 11 Belden Ave. in Norwalk, done by the local artist Action.
The mural on the side of the building, at 11 Belden Ave. in Norwalk, done by the local artist Action.
Photo: Justin Papp / Hearst Connecticut Media
Norwalk developer renews heated debate with more murals
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NORWALK — Two murals have been commissioned and painted over the weekend in the Wall Street neighborhood, reigniting the month’s long debate started last fall by provocative real estate developer Jason Milligan.
The two works were done by artists Action, of Norwalk, and Jeremy Sporbeck, of Danbury, over the course of several days. The first, which occupies the street-facing exterior wall of Milligan’s property at 11 Belden Ave., depicts an American flag, a bald eagle with an olive branch in its talons and the words “I believe in Norwalk.”
“The basic idea was a flag, an eagle and an olive branch,” said Action, who painted the mural. “It’s patriotic, we wanted to do something everyone could get behind.”
Around the corner, Sporbeck created a technicolor supernova with large splotches of red, yellow, blue and green on the side of the building at 5 Mott Ave.
“I wanted to make a supernova, instead of it being just plain star I wanted to do something colorful,” Sporbeck said.
“The amount of paint on that wall is insane,” Action said, standing with Sporbeck in front of the work Monday afternoon. As they did, cars slowed and pedestrians stopped to investigate the painting, which Milligan said is both an attempt to beautify the neighborhood and celebrate its artistic spirit.
“It’s a beautification effort. There’s a huge art and music scene that’s thriving on its own. This is the type of thing that makes people want to come here,” Milligan said.
These are not the first murals Milligan has had commissioned in the area. In October, the developer was in hot water after having murals painted on the sides of buildings on Isaacs and Wall streets. Two were homages to the city — one is a view from Mill Hill looking over the Norwalk Harbor as it looked in the 1700s and the other shows the intersection of the streets and several businesses. A third, however, featured a ghoulish character that bore a resemblance to Mayor Harry Rilling, though Milligan maintains that whether or not it’s meant to be the city’s chief executive is up for interpretation.
Shortly after their completion, the city began issuing fines to Milligan for the murals because they did not adhere to the city’s regulations for public art, which control the size and content of what can be displayed on buildings. Other property owners, not related to Milligan, with murals on their buildings were also cited. A petition was launched to save the murals and, in November, Planning and Zoning Director Steven Kleppin told Milligan that the city would work with the Arts Commission to review and upgrade the public art regulations.
In May, the city took a step forward to make the Arts Commission the approving body in the case of public art, rather than Planning and Zoning, though city departments would be consulted in the process.
“The proposed amendment to the zoning regulations regarding murals stipulates that the Arts Commission shall review the size and content of the murals, while zoning will ensure that step has occurred, so that the City can maintain regulatory enforcement should someone not obtain the Arts Commission approval or install a mural that doesn’t conform with the approved design,” Kleppin explained Monday.
Though the policy shift appears imminent, Marc Alan, co-chairman of the Arts Commission and a member of the Wall Street Neighborhood Association, said a vote to change the regulations has not yet been held.
“It’s still legally in the hands of zoning and it all depends on what happens with that vote. At this time, the Arts Commission still has no jurisdiction on murals,” Alan said.
Whether or not zoning will cite Milligan for the latest murals is unclear, though he said on Monday that he hadn’t heard from the city. His belief, he said, was that amendments to the Central Business Design District’s regulations that seeks to define public art. It was after that meeting that he reached out to Action, who did the historic Mill Hill mural, and Sporbeck.
“Mr. Milligan is fully aware that the Arts Commission is going to be more involved in this process after the City updates its regulations on murals. He did not seek their input and instead rushed to have new murals painted before these regulations take effect,” said Spokesman for the Mayor Josh Morgan. “As usual, Mr. Milligan is out for himself and looking for attention. His actions are disrespectful to the Arts Commission, City staff, and the people who live and work in Norwalk.”
According to Kleppin, the change to public art regulations will likely be voted on by the Zoning Commission next week. | |
- 17-01-2022 PAM President Emeritus Hon Abou El Enein addresses the 4th Edition of the World Youth Forum in Egypt.
- 17-12-2021 PAM President signs MoU with UNODC Executive Director
- 17-12-2021 PAM participates in the V-finance and Tecno group event entitled the "sustainability hub"
- 16-12-2021 PAM contributes to UNODC Event on the Role of National Parliaments and other Legislative Bodies in Preventing and Combating Corruption
- 15-12-2021 PAM Secretary General addresses the 1st Counter-Terrorism Coordination Meeting among Parliamentary Assemblies, hosted by the United Nations in Qatar
- 15-12-2021 PAM President addresses the 9th session of the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption
- 10-12-2021 PAM addresses the United Nations Network on Migrations
01-07-2019
Alternative Capital Markets for economic growth in the Mediterranean
Meeting of the PAM 2nd Standing Committee on
"Alternative Capital Markets for economic growth in the Mediterranean-
the critical role of parliamentarians"
4 – 5 July 2019 Milan, Italy
CONFERENCE BRIEF FOR THE MEDIA
PAM Overview
The Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean (PAM) is an international organization established in 2005 by the national parliaments of the countries of the Euro-Mediterranean region. It is the legal successor of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in the Mediterranean (CSCM), launched in the early ‘90s.
The main objective of PAM is to forge political, economic and social cooperation among the member States in order to find common solutions to the challenges facing the Euro-Mediterranean region, and to create a space for peace and prosperity for its peoples. It has 33 founding and associate member States.
PAM conducts the bulk of its work within three Standing Committees . It may also set up Working Groups, ad-hoc Committees or Special Task Forces to tackle a particular topic (i.e. Counter-Terrorism, Confidence Building, Peace Support, Conflict Resolution, Middle East Peace Process, Mass Migration, Free Trade and Investments, Economic Integration, Climate Change, Energy, Human Rights, Dialogue of Civilizations, Gender issues, etc…). Main operational and coordination instruments of PAM in these fields are: Field Missions, Electoral Observation Teams, the Economic Panel and the Academic Platform.
Although the reports and resolutions adopted by PAM are not legally binding per se, they are a powerful “soft diplomacy” tool when dealing with parliaments, governments and civil society in the region.
The PAM Secretariat is also entrusted with the parliamentary dimension of the 5+5 Western Mediterranean Forum and the MEDCOP.
The General Assembly of the United Nations granted the Permanent Observer Status to PAM, by Resolution A/RES/64/124, at its 64th Session on 16th December 2009, in recognition of its excellent work. Today’s challenges, including mass migration, climate change and most importantly the resurgence of conflicts and the evolution of terrorism, require a collective effort, good will and confidence building measures and PAM’s international and inter-regional cooperation is conducive to further strengthening the global initiatives in favour of future generations.
The Meeting
The broad Euro-Mediterranean region continues to witness lasting political instability and major socio-economic challenges, which increasingly affect economic growth, global trade, markets and financial stability.
This context negatively influences private investors, and entrepreneurs, to direct financial resources in areas that could, instead, experience positive economic trends. Moreover, climate change and environmental hazards including consecutive droughts, undermine economic cohesion and further increase uncertainty. Young entrepreneurs, together with technological progress, can play a key role and act as driving forces for increased productivity, economic growth, food security, in a context of sustainable solutions.
In this regard, PAM’s MPs, as law-makers, assisted by state of the art expertise play a key role in shaping legislative harmonization and regulatory frameworks in accordance with the technological and financial “revolution” the world is witnessing, to foster a sustainable, innovative and inclusive development model in the Mediterranean region.
The PAM meeting on “Alternative Capital Markets for economic growth in the Mediterranean – the critical role of Parliamentarians”, organized by Hon. Giulio Centemero, Co-Chair of the PAM Panel on Trade and Investments in the Mediterranean, and kindly hosted by Borsa Italiana (Italian Stock Exchange) in Milan, will be the first event of the PAM 2nd Standing Committee, and its Economic Panel, to focus on these issues in 2019.
The meeting shall review and discuss strategies and an action plan to implement a concrete project structured on:
A scientific committee able to draw guidelines and advice M/SMEs and/or other entities (e.g.
Universities and Public Entities) about their growth possibilities through channels alternative to the traditional credit sector; A map of the above said channels existing in the area and eventually a platform to match offer and demand: “PAM Market for Start-ups and M/SMEs in the Mediterranean”; Dedicated training programs for entrepreneurs to support them in the market through a specific high-profile program of entrepreneurship.
Additionally, the meeting will also analyse the outcomes of the recent Global Parliamentary Conference 2019 Spring Session, held last April in Washington D.C, to assess current priorities for the PAM Panel on the basis of the themes identified by the World Bank and IMF: | https://www.pam.int/?m=news&id=854 |
A relationship plays out in a series of letters at the Fairview Library Theatre in Toronto
In Love Letters, the critically acclaimed play by American playwright, A. R. Gurney, two childhood friends take to the stage and read aloud the letters they have written to each other over the span of half a century. Throughout this dialogue-driven production, we learn of their long history of friendship, loss and missed opportunities. Together, this couple shows us the power in the written word and that it’s our first love that’s often the hardest to forget.
The Stage Centre Productions‘ adaptation, currently playing at the Fairview Library Theatre, features four pairings performing on stage for a nine-show run. I had the privilege to attend the June 12 screening, with Judy Gans and Roger Kell.
Love Letters is different than most pieces of theatre you’ll see. It’s considered to be an epistolary work, rather than a traditional piece that combines dialogue, narration and action. Simply put, the format is one that relies exclusively on dialogue. The two actors sit side-by-side at a table and read their scripted material — the love letters their characters have written to each other.
It’s a format that’s rather niche due to its lack of movement or action. The audience must pay close attention to each and every word that’s being said. I think pieces like this one would be most enjoyed by those who don’t need or want a big visual spectacle to enjoy a play.
That said, I thoroughly enjoyed this adaptation.
From an editorial and narrative standpoint, the writing is clean, witty and subtle. As the characters grow older, so too does the tone and nature of their letters. It allows the audience to experience the growth and aging of the characters without needing to see the actors physically age.
Gurney has created a memorable pairing who, while having completely different attitude towards life, balance each other’s personalities marvellously. Melissa Gardner is a richer-than-rich free spirit who goes through life as she pleases without much regard to how others see her. Andrew Makepeace Ladd III is her complete opposite, living a life of duty to his parent’s expectations while always doing what is expected of him.
As the play progresses, we learn of various events that our main characters have experienced. Some are joyous. Some are tragic. But eventually, they lead this duo back to each other for a brief moment, before they’re torn tragically apart. It’s really quite an interesting and compelling narrative.
With regards to the acting, Judy Gans and Roger Kell performed spectacularly. And since dialogue is all this play has, that’s quite a feat in my opinion. Without their strong performances, I easily would have tuned out.
Gans delivered a diverse range of emotions in her table read. She was able to effortlessly channel the whimsy of her character in her youth as well as her despair later in life. Her energy was infectious and helped my connect more personally with the material.
For his part, Kell excelled as the up-tight, do-right type. Stuffy and stubborn, Kell gave a dramatic performance that you couldn’t help by pay attention to. Towards the end, there’s a dramatic soliloquy given by his character. Kell gave a teary eyed read of the script, which moved many of the audience members to tears as well.
Love Letters is the moving tale of two clandestine friends and lovers whose circumstances forever kept them apart. If you’re looking for a deeply emotional tale of love and loss, but don’t require a grand theatrical spectacle, this play is for you.
Details:
- Love Letters is currently playing until June 20th at the Fairview Library Theatre (35 Fairview Mall Drive)
- Four different couples will be on stage over nine performances. Read specific dates here.
- Tickets cost $27.50 for adult general admission, and $22.00 for students and seniors. They’re available online or at the box office prior to the show.
- There is also a special 2-for-1 special for repeat bookings.
- The script contains moments that aren’t entirely politically correct, so a bit of viewer discretion is advised.
Photo of Judy Gans and Roger Kell by Fabio Saposnik. | https://dev.mooneyontheatre.com/2015/06/14/review-love-letters-stage-centre-productions/ |
A review of methods for spike sorting: the detection and classification of neural action potentials.
Michael S Lewickiy Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute, 10010 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Received 31 July 1998
The detection of neural spike activity is a technical challenge that is a prerequisite for studying many types of brain function. Measuring the activity of individual neurons accurately can be difficult due to large amounts of background noise and the difficulty in distinguishing the action potentials of one neuron from those of others in the local area. This article reviews algorithms and methods for detecting and classifying action potentials, a problem commonly referred to as spike sorting. The article first discusses the challenges of measuring neural activity and the basic issues of signal detection and classification. It reviews and illustrates algorithms and techniques that have been applied to many of the problems in spike sorting and discusses the advantages and limitations of each and the applicability of these methods for different types of experimental demands. The article is written both for the physiologist wanting to use simple methods that will improve experimental yield and minimize the selection biases of traditional techniques and for those who want to apply or extend more sophisticated algorithms to meet new experimental challenges.
You may access the full paper here
- Published by Dimitrios A. Adamos in: Documentation
- RSS feed subscription! | http://neurobot.bio.auth.gr/2005/a-review-of-methods-for-spike-sorting/ |
Here's a look at what's in store for the next two days
Visitors to the Xposure International Photography Festival have been given a unique opportunity to learn directly from masters of visual art with specialised workshops.
The sixth edition of the festival runs until February 15 at Expo Centre Sharjah. During these workshops, participants have been trained to think outside the box. Here's a look at what's in store for the next two days.
February 14: Creative bubbles, nuances of photography
Muhammed Muheisen will discuss the ethics of photography and explore ways to form a bond of trust with people before taking their pictures. His session, titled 'Moments in Time', will take place at 10am.
"Invest in getting to know the people you photograph," said Muheisen, a two-time Pulitzer Prize-winning photographer. "The main key is to show them you care and then let your pictures do the talking."
The intersection of creativity and camera that allows one to transform the ordinary into something extraordinary will be detailed by Mike Browne in the ‘Photo Alchemy’ workshop at 10am.
Thee 10.15am session on ‘Creative Bubbles’ will see David Newton share innovative tips and techniques to capture the other-worldly ‘bubblescapes’. These workshops will again be repeated on the concluding day of Xposure 2022.
February 14 will also see Diego Ibarra Sanchez lead a workshop at 2pm titled ‘How to produce a long-term photo project’ that explores ways of forging a deeper engagement with content, while in ‘Taking Wildlife Portraits’ at 3pm, zoologist-turned-wildlife photographer Mogens Trolle will offer valuable insights into capturing each creature’s unique personality.
In the 4pm session, ‘Impactful Images – Simple Editing Tips for Powerful Results’, Elia Locardi will demonstrate the power of the latest editing tools in dramatically improving the impact of an image.
February 15: Light, focal length and studio photography
On February 15, Mike Browne will headline ‘Magical Mystery of Light’ at 10am to discuss and demonstrate how light can make or break an image, no matter how composed or beautiful the subject is, while his 1.15 pm session is titled ‘Focal Length Explained’.
At noon, David Newton’s ‘Getting started with video’ delves into the basic building blocks to tell a more in-depth story; and at 2.30pm, Colin Hawkins leads a 4-hour session on ‘Studio Product Photography’.
The festival’s workshop programme wraps up with the final session of ‘Introduction to Scuba and Underwater Photography’ at 5pm. | |
We tend to be a little spoiled these days. We’re so used to technology and getting information and resources in real-time, that we’ve come to expect immediacy. This rings true for getting news, getting answers, and getting help.
When people have a problem with a brand in today’s digital world, they don’t want to call a customer support line, talk to an automated message, and sit on hold for an hour. And why should they? That’s inconvenient for the customer, and as we proved last week, the customer matters most.
So when they turn to social media to air their frustrations and ask questions, you want to be their to manage the situation. Left ignored, it may just get worse.
But if you’re going to do social customer service, you want to do it well. Otherwise, it may have the opposite of the intended effect. So if you’re using Twitter as a customer service channel, follow these 3 tips:
1. State your online hours
Of course, the ideal situation would be to monitor your social media accounts 24/7. But for smaller companies with only one or two people handling their social accounts, it’s not realistic. In those cases, customers should understand that they won’t receive an immediate response to their 2 a.m. tweet.
However, it’s important to communicate when customers can expect a response. State your hours of operation in your bio. If your office is going to be closed or the account will be offline for another reason, send out a tweet saying when you will be unavailable and when you will return.
2. Take it private
As soon as you can, try to take the customer conversation private. Whether this means following them so you can direct message, getting their email, or using a support forum or chat on your website. Taking the conversation private may make the customer open up more. In public, they may not be willing to share as much information, and you may need to get account details from them that should remain confidential.
3. Avoid canned responses
One of the reasons turn to social media rather than your support telephone line is so that they can communicate with an actual person. If you’re copying and pasting a canned response to them, this is as personal as a robot phone message. Don’t do it. It defeats the point of social customer service.
It’s okay to say roughly the same thing to more than one person. Most queries will require a similar response or ask for similar information. But don’t use the same message every time. Use the customer’s name, switch up your wording, and do what you can to make it clear that the customer is communicating with a real, live person who cares.
What are your expectations when you reach out to a brand on Twitter? Share in the comments below. | http://easybranches.net/others/3-tips-for-customer-service-on-twitter/ |
No matter which way I look at them, muffins are my go-to choice when it comes to quick and easy snacks that I can store in the freezer and grab whenever I want a little treat. They’re readily portable, reheat well, can be used as a snack or a dessert, and are beautifully portioned so that there’s no risk of overeating (unless of course you deliberately choose to go back for a second – which we all do at some point). And these Rhubarb Lime and Coconut Muffins are no exception.
Building up delicious low FODMAP flavour
As far as these muffins go, they’re a simple muffin base with a few punchy ingredients that quickly take them from basic to yummy. I like putting fruit in muffins to make them a bit healthier and to bulk them up a little, and this time rhubarb was the ‘fruit’ that I used. Technically rhubarb is a vegetable, but since we use it as a fruit in sweet dishes (after sweetening it up), I’m insisting that this time around it’s a fruit.
Next, these muffins get a serious punch of flavour from some lime zest and lime juice. The lime flavour does mature a little the next day, but it’s still beautifully fragrant straight after they’re made.
And then for texture (and a bit more flavour), as well as the sliced rhubarb, there’s some desiccated coconut. If you can’t find desiccated coconut in your neck of the woods, shredded coconut will substitute just fine.
Aside from that, the muffins are quite standard in terms of cooking technique. Mix up the dry ingredients in one bowl. Mix up the wet ingredients in another bowl. Add the wet ingredients to the dry ingredients and mix them all up. Then divide the mixture into little cases and bake them.
Muffins are so convenient…
These muffins freeze well and make a delicious snack or dessert. I like to grab one from the freezer, zap it in the microwave and pour over a tiny bit of syrup to make them into a sticky dessert. But normally I eat them as they are as a quick and easy little snack.
So how about you get cracking and make a batch of these Rhubarb Lime and Coconut Muffins today.
If this flavour isn’t doing it for you, how about trying these instead:
Rhubarb Lime and Coconut Muffins
- Prep Time: 15 minutes
- Cook Time: 22 minutes
- Total Time: 37 minutes
- Yield: 12 muffins
- Category: Baked Goods
Description
These Rhubarb Lime and Coconut Muffins make a handy low FODMAP snack, especially when you feel like a bit of a treat but don’t want to go overboard.
Ingredients
Dry ingredients
- 280g low FODMAP gluten-free flour
- 2 tsp baking powder
- 1/2 tsp baking soda
- 1 tsp guar gum (see notes)
- 1/3 cup caster sugar (superfine sugar)
- 3/4 cup (60g) desiccated coconut
- 170g of rhubarb, thinly sliced (you’ll need about 4 stalks of rhubarb)
- Zest of 2 limes
Wet ingredients
- 3 XL eggs, lightly beaten
- 1/3 cup macadamia oil (or other neutral oil)
- 3/4 cup unsweetened almond milk
- 2 tbsp lime juice
Instructions
- Preheat the oven to 175°C (fan-forced). Line the muffin tins with paper cases.
- Sift the flour, baking powder, baking soda and gum into a large bowl. Add the sugar and coconut and mix well with a balloon whisk. Add the rhubarb and lime zest and mix with a spoon to combine.
- In a separate medium bowl, combine the eggs, oil, almond milk and lime juice. Add to the dry ingredients and mix until combined. Divide mixture between 12 muffin tins.
- Bake the muffins for about 22 minutes, or just until a skewer comes out clean. Cool in the tray for 5 minutes, then transfer muffins to a rack to cool completely.
- Can be eaten warm from the oven, when cooled completely, or it frozen for later use.
Ingredient Notes
- This recipe is suitable for a low FODMAP diet, provided that the recommended serving size for this recipe is not exceeded.
- This recipe is naturally gluten-free and dairy-free, and can be made nut-free by using a different milk and oil. However, if you have an allergy to any of these items, or have coeliac disease, please check the labels on any purchased ingredients to ensure they are safe for your requirements.
- If the gluten-free flour mix you’re using already contains a gum, such as xanthan gum or guar gum, you shouldn’t need to add any more to it and so can omit the guar gum from this recipe.
- Gluten-free baked goods have the best texture on the day they’re made, but these muffins will still be okay for a couple of days. You can freeze them though to keep them moist.
- Almond milk is low FODMAP, but you could also use lactose-free milk, soy protein milk or hemp milk, depending on your personal food tolerances.
- If you can’t find desiccated coconut, shredded coconut can be substituted.
- You’ll need 2 limes for this recipe, although you only need to juice one of them. | https://alessirritablelife.com/rhubarb-lime-coconut-muffins-low-fodmap/ |
Eight rebel groups in Chad have joined together to form a unified insurgency that is preparing fresh military action, one of its members told Agence France-Presse on Monday.
The leaders of the rebel groups signed a deal in Sudan, just over the Chadian border, to form the alliance called the Union of Resistance Forces, said one of its leaders, Ali Gueddei.
“Our objective remains the liberation of the Chadian people and to overthrow the dictatorship,” Gueddei told AFP by telephone, adding that all the rebel chiefs participated in the signing at Hadjer Marfaine in Sudan.
A rebel offensive on the Chadian capital, Ndjamena, in February reached the gates of President Idriss Déby Itno’s palace before being repulsed.
The offensive of the main rebel group, General Mahamat Nouri’s National Alliance, crumbled when the various rebel factions disagreed over who would take political power once Déby was overthrown.
Nouri told AFP on Monday that the formation of a unified rebel force was a “big step” towards the rebellion’s stated aim of overthrowing Déby.
“It’s historic. It’s the first time that so many movements have been gathered in the one structure,” said Nouri, the leader of the Union of Forces for Democracy and Development (UFDD), one of the signatory movements.
“It’s a big step. We agreed to create a new union. We are all capable of understanding each other to defend the general interests beyond the quarrels of people with egotistical interests.”
The new movement has not yet named a leader.
But “this time, we will designate a chief”, said rebel figurehead Nouri.
“A leader must be designated by consensus … we have been discussing this for five months … most of the work has been done. We hope to reach an agreement quickly,” Nouri said. | https://mg.co.za/article/2009-01-19-chads-rebels-unify-in-bid-to-overthrow-deacuteby/ |
The Tigray rebels fighting to overthrow the Ethiopian government says it is joining efforts with eight other groups in an alliance against Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed to seek a political transition after a year of the disturbing war.
The signing of the agreement took place in Washington on Friday and the rebel groups includes the Oromo Liberation Army which is now fighting alongside the Tigray forces and seven other groups from around the country.
Other groups who signed the agreement were the Afar Revolutionary Democratic Unity Front, Agaw Democratic Movement, Benishangul People’s Liberation Movement, Gambella Peoples Liberation Army, Global Kimant People Right and Justice Movement/ Kimant Democratic Party, Sidama National Liberation Front and Somali State Resistance, according to organizers.
The new rebel alliance called United Front of Ethiopian Federalist Forces seeks, according to a statement after signing the agreement, said its mission is to “establish a transitional arrangement in Ethiopia” so the Prime Minister can go as soon as possible, organizer Yohanees Abraha, who is with the Tigray group, wrote.
“The next step will be, of course, to start meeting and communicating with countries, diplomats, and international actors in Ethiopia and abroad.”
READ ALSO: 50 bodies found floating in rivers between Ethiopia’s Tigray region and Sudan
He said the new alliance is both political and military and has had no communication with Ethiopia’s government.
A spokesman for the Oromo Liberation Army, Odaa Tarbii, also confirmed the new alliance saying it is meant to force Abiy out in the coming weeks.
“Of course, we prefer if there’s a peaceful and orderly transition with Abiy being removed.
“The goal is to be as inclusive as possible. We know this transition requires all stakeholders,” he added.
But the Ethiopian government says the alliance is a mere publicity stunt, asserting that some of the groups involved ”are not really organizations that have any traction.”
It also asserted that life in the capital had a “sense of normalcy” and rejected any notion of a siege.
The post Nine rebel groups join forces against Ethiopian govt appeared first on Latest Nigeria News | Top Stories from Ripples Nigeria. | https://nnc.com.ng/nine-rebel-groups-join-forces-against-ethiopian-govt/ |
After Shaanti Bhavan Mandir in Queens, New York, declared itself a sanctuary for undocumented immigrants March 19, garnering significant national attention, leaders in the Hindu community say they are gaining more support within and outside the congregation. But it’s a “quiet” support. Though Shaanti Bhavan is the first Hindu temple in the country to declare itself a sanctuary, they say, some other Hindu temples, especially in the Indo-Caribbean community, are helping those who feel vulnerable.
This coming Saturday May 13, a workshop on citizenship applications is schedule to be held at the Lakshmi Narayan Mandir on Liberty Ave. in Richmond Hill, Queens.
“We hope to partner with this mandir (Lakshmi Narayan) and others and strengthen the Hindu temple community efforts to support our own people and also take a stand for immigrant rights,” Sunita Vishwanath, founder of Sadhana, the Coalition of Progressive Hindus, told Desi Talk. Sadhana joined Shaanti Bhavan to declare it a sanctuary. The move garnered national attention with articles appearing in The Huffington Post and the New York Times.
Since its announcement as a sanctuary, members of Shaanti Bhavan’s congregation have begun “quietly” talking to other members of the community who need help, according to activists. At this time, it is those with Green Cards who are eligible to get citizenship but don’t know how, are being helped, said Viswanath.
“But we do know there are more vulnerable people, and they are a very large part of the community that goes to this temple (Shaanti Bhavan),” Viswanath added. “The fear is very real – and given that – we are moving quietly and gently,” she said. Not all temples even within the Indo-Caribbean are willing to join the sanctuary, and Indian-American Hindu temples have generally stayed away, conceded Viswanath.
One (Indo-Caribbean) temple clearly said “no” because it believes the sanctuary movement was too political, Desi Talk learnt. But others are working behind the scenes even if not openly.
“We are taking a moral stand that nobody should be deported. It is very much driven by our religion and spiritual tradition — Manav Seva – that we should join to serve those most in need,” Viswanath emphasized.
New York’s New Sanctuary Coalition is helping organize future workshops for the Indo-Caribbean temples, she said. | https://www.worldhindunews.com/more-hindu-temples-quietly-joining-the-sanctuary-movement-leaders-say/ |
War-related trauma affects everyone who serves, not just those with direct combat experience. Its shockwaves radiate across individual, family, community and culture; body, mind, and spirit. Repeated trauma can unravel veterans’ connections with their families, peers, and communities – as well as within themselves. The community plays a critically important role in repairing and renewing broken connections.
The Coming Home Project is a San Francisco-based non-profit 501(c)(3) organization committed to alleviating the unseen injuries of war faced by veterans and their families. We promote wellbeing across the deployment cycle and provide support for successful reintegration into civilian life. Coming Home builds a living community where veterans come together to reintegrate with their families, peers, and communities – and within themselves. At our residential retreats, they share stories, struggles and accomplishments, practice meditation, yoga and qigong, enjoy expressive arts like journaling and movement, and recreational activities like kayaking and hiking, as they connect with services and resources in their communities, all in beautiful, serene settings. Our workshops are not psychotherapy, but they are therapeutic. Driven by peer support, they are facilitated by experienced psychotherapists, trained veterans, family members, and chaplains.
We also provide self-care retreats and resilience training for healthcare providers who serve veterans and in military treatment facilities such as Walter Reed and VA’s around the country. These programs alleviate and prevent burnout and compassion fatigue, helping to ensure continuity of services.
As part of our integrative continuum of care, Coming Home also offers psychological counseling services, follow up support and education, and professional training for healthcare professionals and first responders. All Coming Home programs are non-denominational, confidential and free. Nearly 3,000 people representing more than 45 states have attended our retreats, counseling sessions, community forums, and classes. More than 2 million people have downloaded our educational videos through our website, YouTube and iTunesU. We have accomplished all this in only four years, without government assistance, and on an extremely lean operational budget and staff.
The Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury (DCoE), which is mandated by Congress to identify, study, vet, endorse and disseminate best practices, recently named the Coming Home Project among 8 top reintegration programs nationally. Coming Home participants report substantial reductions in stress, exhaustion, burnout, anxiety, isolation, hopelessness and emotionally “numbness,” as well as increases in happiness, relaxation, energy, sense of support, and ability to care for and calm themselves. In follow-up studies 4-8 weeks after retreats, these positive results remained consistent and reliable.
Hundreds of volunteers have contributed to Coming Home’s success. Please consider lending a hand.
Stay tuned for our next Community Forum, Welcoming Our Veterans Home: Unseen Injuries and the Power of Community, in November, where we will bring together veterans and their families, community leaders, health professionals, trauma experts, the interfaith community, dignitaries, government officials, and the general public. Join us for an evening that combines informative and inspiring presentations with fresh video, music and poetry. Hear directly from recently returned Iraq and Afghanistan veterans and family members. Help us harness the power of community in truly welcoming and helping our veterans and their families.
Dr. Joseph Bobrow, Roshi, the founder and president of the Coming Home Project, is a Zen master, psychoanalyst and community organizer whose book, Zen and Psychotherapy: Partners in Liberation, explores the fertile interplay of Buddhism, psychotherapy and community in transforming suffering and helping us realize and embody our true nature.
Thank-you for your blog. Marine Mom, Air Force Vet.
Thank you, LInda. Feel free to stay in touch.
Good to see all the ways CHP is reaching out. I am always available to help in any way I can. This program creates miracles an I have been fortunate to have been a witness to many of them. All good wishes to you, Joe and to the Coming Home Project.
Thanks so much Lisa, it’s great to have you on the Coming Home team. We love our volunteers. | https://craigconnects.org/2011/07/25/welcoming-our-veterans-home-unseen-injuries-and-the-power-of-community/ |
The paper aims to start a discussion about challenges and possible caveats of performing network security experiments with high traffic volumes in virtual environment. A new framework for rapid evolution of denial-of-service attacks by genetic algorithms is presented. Issues with virtual environment that were encountered during initial work with the framework are listed.
KeywordsVirtualization Framework Genetic algorithm Denial of service attack
Notes
Acknowledgment
Authors would like to express gratitude to the members of Centre for Research on Cryptography and Security of Masaryk University for their valuable ideas and feedback. Special thanks go to Andriy Stetsko, Zdenek Riha and Marek Sys. Petr Svenda and Vashek Matyas were supported by the Czech Science Foundation project GBP202/12/G061. | https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319-26096-9_15 |
While many Temple University students spend their Friday afternoons getting ready for the weekend, some have been putting together what has become a popular forum for discussion of pressing national issues.
Students in Professor Ralph Young’s “Dissent in America” class, inspired by heated classroom debates about President George W. Bush and United States foreign policy, have held 11 teach-ins on Friday afternoons throughout the fall semester to discuss these issues.
Young proposed the idea of conducting weekly teach-ins to the students, something he has done in previous classes, after noting that many students were staying over an hour after class to carry on their discussions.
The Honors’ history class embraced the idea and decided to open the teach-ins to others.
Student Stefanie Woolridge designed several fliers to encourage faculty and students to attend the teach-ins.
“These forums are the best medium we have to educate,” said Woolridge.
“People who come want to hear and want to learn more. The academic approach is powerful because it provides historical perspective to help enact change.”
Students voluntarily plan the teach-ins by deciding what topics should be covered and doing independent research.
“I’ve been told by some of my students that they spend more time researching for the teach-ins than they do for their classes,” said Young.
Topics discussed at past teach-ins include national security, civil liberties, U.S. foreign policy, protest, dissent, the historical background and present implications of terrorism and Afghanistan.
Teach-ins have also stressed the importance of “blowback” in motivating foreign terrorism.
Blowback is a term coined by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency to describe unexpected consequences of CIA actions.
Another teach-in focused on the operations of the Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation at Fort Benning, Georgia.
The school, formerly known as the School of the Americas, trains Latin American military leaders in recruitment techniques as well as counter-insurgency and counter-terrorism tactics.
Some activists claim that these are the tactics of oppression; many graduates of the institute have been accused of participating in operations against dissident civilians.
Participants in the teach-ins have also researched the viewpoints of different government officials, including Vice President Dick Cheney and National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice and presented them as a way to help others understand the motivations of the Bush administration.
“The students are just as important, if not more important, than I am in implementing the teach-ins,” Young said.
“They come up with their own ideas and do their own research.”
Interest in the teach-ins grew as the semester advanced. According to Young, 10 people who were not enrolled in the class attended the first forum.
However, at a recent teach-in, nearly 50 extra people showed up to participate in the discussion, and the teach-in spilled over to the history lounge.
“I hope that people become interested in finding out that the things they do have an impact on the world,” Young said.
“We don’t want to convert anyone, but we do want to talk out issues and hopefully make people enthusiastic enough to read things and find out on their own.”
Young’s students have become so dedicated to the teach-ins that they have decided to continue holding them next semester, starting on Jan. 24.
Young, the history department and the history honors society, Phi Alpha Theta, will be sponsoring the events.
Students in Young’s class see the teach-ins as instrumental to presenting people with factual information to make informed decisions about politics and society.
“The teach-ins are a really great forum for open discussion to get people thinking, and they’re not just a forum on Iraq,” said student Adam Squire.
“Rather, they help illuminate the world social system, its various inequities, and how they are interconnected.”
“It’s really important to educate people about what’s going on…by sharing information, we can plant the seed for change,” said another student, Courtney Mendillo. | https://temple-news.com/student-teach-ins/ |
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention is directed to an improved ankle wrap and in particular to an improved ankle wrap in the form of an elongated elastic panel having fastening members selectively disposed along the lengthwise extent thereof for permitting wrapping of the ankle and instep in a predetermined manner.
Heretofore, ankle supports of the type utilized by athletes both during training and during competition and for medical purposes such as the rehabilitation of ankle sprains, have taken on various forms. Such ankle support devices have attempted to replace the "tape job" used by professional athletes whereby a web bandage and adhesive tape are utilized to wrap and tape an ankle. Ankles that are supported by a "tape job" when done by trained personnel are effectively braced. Moreover, such "tape jobs" are light and not bulky. However, since new tape must be utilized each time the ankle is wrapped, and additionally trained personnel are required to effect such taping, supporting an ankle by utilizing a "tape job" is expensive, time consuming and hence less than completely satisfactory.
Although reusable ankle supports have been developed, such ankle supports, at best, provide limited bracing. For example, those prior art ankle supports utilizing elastic wrapping materials often provide unwanted constriction to desired walking and running movement of the ankle required by an athlete without providing sufficient bracing of the ankle. Accordingly, an elastic ankle support for effectively bracing an ankle joint without restricting the walking and running movements required in athletic competition is desired.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Generally speaking, in accordance with the instant invention, an improved ankle wrap for effectively bracing an ankle is provided. The wrap is comprised of an elongated elastic panel having a first fastening member secured to a first elongated end portion of the panel. A second fastening member adapted to be releasably secured with the first fastening member is secured to the panel at a position spaced apart from the first fastening member to releasably engage the first fastening member when the portion of the elongated panel between the first fastening member and second fastening member is wrapped around the medial aspect of the longitudinal arch of a foot. Further fastening members are disposed at the other elongated end portion of the elastic panel for releasably securably fastening the panel about the ankle and arch after the panel has been alternately wrapped about the ankle and medial aspect of the longitudinal arch in a predetermined manner.
The predetermined manner of wrapping the improved ankle wrap of the instant invention is characterized by the repeated wrapping of the elongated elastic panel up and around the front of the ankle, behind the ankle and under the medial aspect of the longitudinal arch of the foot to thereby insure that blood circulation in the foot remains substantially unimpeded by the wrapping of the ankle in accordance with the instant invention.
Accordingly, it is an object of the instant invention to provide an improved ankle wrap for providing a high degree of support to an ankle.
A further object of the instant invention is to provide reusable ankle support capable of effectively bracing an ankle.
Still a further object of the instant invention is to provide an improved ankle wrap that avoids excessive constriction of the ankle.
Still a further object of the instant invention is to provide an elastic ankle wrap for providing effective support to an ankle without restricting walking and running movements of an ankle.
Still other objects and advantages of the invention will in part be obvious and will in part be apparent from the specification.
The invention accordingly comprises the several steps and the relation of one or more of such steps with respect to each of the others, and the apparatus embodying features of construction, combination of elements and arrangement of parts which are adapted to effect such steps, all as exemplified in the following detailed disclosure, and the scope of the invention will be indicated in the claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a fuller understanding of the invention, reference is had to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a front plan view of an ankle wrap constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the instant invention;
FIG. 2 is a rear plan view of the ankle wrap depicted in FIG. 1; and
FIGS. 3 through 9 illustrate the manner in which an ankle is wrapped in accordance with the instant invention by the ankle wrap depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Reference is now made to FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings, wherein an ankle wrap, generally indicated as 10, is depicted. The ankle wrap is comprised of a elongated elastic panel 11 having a front surface 12 and a back surface 13. A nylon panel 15 is secured to the front surface 12 of the elastic panel 11 at a first end 14 and is coextensive with and defines a first end portion of the elastic panel. In a preferred embodiment, the nylon panel as well as the additional means carried by the elastic panel are secured to the elastic panel by being sewn thereto. However, other conventional adhesive means can be used for securing the nylon panel and other fastener means to the elastic panel 11.
Secured to the first end 14 of the elongated panel 11 on the back surface 13 thereof is a male Velcro fastening tab 16. An additional nylon reinforcing panel 18 can be provided coextensive with the end edge of the elastic panel for insuring that the male Velcro fastening tab 16 is securely fastened to the panel 11. A female Velcro fastening member 20 is disposed on the front surface 12 of the panel 11 and overlaps at least a portion of the nylon panel 15 so that the fastening member 20 is spaced apart from the male Velcro fastening tab 16 in order to permit same to effect a Velcro releasable fastening arrangement with the male Velcro fastening tab 16 when the nylon panel 15 is wrapped about the medial aspect of the longitudinal arch of a foot, hereinafter referred to as the "medial arch", in a manner to be discussed in greater detail below.
A further male Velcro fastening pad 21 is secured to the back surface 13 of the elongated panel 11 at a predetermined distance from the other end 22 of the elastic panel 11. A further female Velcro fastening pad 23 is secured to the front surface 12 of the elastic panel 11 and is coextensive with the end portion of the panel at the other end 22 thereof. As is detailed below, the female Velcro fastening pad 23 is provided for engaging the male Velcro fastening pad 21 when an ankle is wrapped in accordance with the instant invention to thereby releasably securably fasten the panel about the ankle and medial arch to effect bracing of the ankle. Finally, a panel 24 is provided coextensive with the end edge of the panel at the other end 22 thereof in order to reinforce same at the point that the panel is more likely to be grabbed when wrapping is to be effected thereby.
Reference is now made to FIGS. 3 through 9 wherein the manner in which an ankle is wrapped by the ankle wrap depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2 is illustrated in step by step fashion. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the wrapping operation is commenced by placing the male Velcro fastening tab 16 on the top of the foot's medial arch and by wrapping the medial arch with a nylon panel 15 so that the first Velcro fastening pad 20 is brought into releasable engagement with the male Velcro fastening tab 16 to define a first secure loop about the medial arch. After the first secure loop fastening is effected by the releasable engagement of the male Velcro fastener tab 16 to the female Velcro fastening pad 20 the remaining portion of the elongated panel is stretched taut and brought across the front of the ankle and around the back of the ankle to the position depicted in FIG. 4. Thereafter, as illustrated in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, and once again in FIGS. 7, 8 and 9, the remaining free portion of the panel 11 continues to be stretched and after being brought around the back of the ankle is looped under the medial arch, up and across the front of the ankle and once again around the back of the ankle. Wrapping of the ankle is thereby effected without also effecting an alternating upward and downward criss-crossing of the ankle wrap at the front of the ankle, which criss-crossing can result in cutting off the circulation of blood to the lower foot. Moreover, as illustrated in FIG. 6, when the wrap is brought up and around the front and outside of the ankle and subsequently behind the ankle, the male Velcro fastening pad 21 is positioned to be engaged by the female Velcro pad 23, after the ankle, as illustrated in FIGS. 6, 7 and 8, is once again wrapped in the same manner described above, to wit, by stretching the remaining free portion of the panel and wrapping same around the back of the ankle, under the medial arch, up and across the front of the ankle and once again around the back of the ankle. When the end 22 of the panel is finally wrapped about the back of the ankle, the female Velcro pad 23 is releasably securably fastened to the male Velcro fastening pad 21 to thereby releasably lock the ankle wrap in position.
It is noted that the ankle wrap 10 illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 is for wrapping the left foot and that the angle at which the male Velcro fastening pad 16 is secured to the end 14 of the panel 12 is merely reversed for an ankle wrap designed to effect wrapping of the right ankle and foot in the aforedescribed manner.
Accordingly, the bracing effected by the instant invention is particularly designed to prevent rotation of the ankle about an imaginary horizontal front-to-back axis passing through the ankle joint. Rotation along such a front-to-back imaginary axis can result in sprains and hence the instant invention is directed to bracing the ankle against such rotation without restricting rotation about either a further horizontal, imaginary side-to- side axis through which the ankle joint rotates in walking and running or in a still further imaginary vertical axis in line with the lower leg, which rotation is utilized in pivoting and turning. Accordingly, an ankle wrap constructed in accordance with the instant invention is capable of effecting the same bracing of an ankle heretofore obtained by an adhesive "tape job" at a considerable reduction in expense due to the reusable nature of the ankle wrap.
It will thus be seen that the objects set forth, among those made apparent from the preceding description, are efficiently attained and, since certain changes may be made in carrying out the above method and in the construction set forth without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description and shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
It is also to be understood that the following claims are intended to cover all of the generic and specific features of the invention herein described and all statements of the scope of the invention which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall therebetween. | |
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Climate Change through a Gendered Lens: Examining Livestock Holder Food Security
Mckune, S. L.
;
Borresen, E. C.
;
Young, A. G.
;
Auria Ryley, T. D.
;
Russo, S. L.
;
Diao Camara, A.
;
Coleman, M.
;
Ryan, E. P.
Year:
2015
Livestock holders experience increased food insecurity because of climate change
. We argue that development programs, public health specialists, and practitioners must critically examine gendered impacts of climate change to improve food security of livestock producers. This review illustrates the differential experiences of men and women and how vulnerability, adaptive capacity, exposure and sensitivity to climatic stimuli are gendered in distinct ways between and among livestock holding communities. We propose a gendered conceptual framework for understanding the impact of climate change on food security among livestock holders, which highlights potential pathways of vulnerability and points of intervention to consider in global health strategies for improving household food security
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The Sustainable Development of Grassland-Livestock Systems on the Tibetan Plateau: Problems, Strategies and Prospects
Shang, Z. H.
;
Gibb, M. J.
;
Leiber, F.
;
Ismail, M.
;
Ding, L. M.
;
Guo, X. S.
;
Long, R. J.
Year:
2014
The Tibetan plateau is the source of most of the major rivers of Asia and has a huge impact on the livelihoods of the population, who have for centuries engaged in traditional herding practices
. Sustainable management of the plateau is of critical importance not only for maintaining livelihoods but also because of its vital ecological function. The major problem of sustainable development in these grassland-livestock systems is the conflict between forage and livestock production. Despite considerable investment of manpower, material resources and capital over many years, attempts to resolve the problem have not been successful. The magnitude of conflict between forage and livestock is addressed by presenting 19 resolution strategies based on numerous research data. Each of these strategies is evaluated in terms of how it can be implemented, its potential benefits for livestock production, current progress and the requirement for further research. The 19 strategies have been divided into four topic categories, namely; grassland-forage, livestock, economy and market, society-culture, which cover the basic elements of sustainable development in this pastoral region. It is argued that improved planning and implementation of the proposed strategies must be based on the background investigation of natural and social status of the pastoral region. Particular attention needs to be given to genetic resources and technology in order to ensure the successful implementation of these proposals. In addition to expanding the use of 18 currently practiced strategies, the authors propose a further novel strategy of replacing the current intensive form of ecological migration with a model incorporating two semi-permanent settlements. The objective of this novel strategy is to retain the nomadic element of pastoral husbandry while increasing the temporal and spatial scale of rotational stocking to reduce pasture degradation on the Tibetan plateau. It is argued that these proposals should be urgently incorporated into two national plans for the pastoral livestock industry, and the construction of an ecologically safe shelter zone on the Tibetan plateau, while ensuring a sustainable livelihood of its pastoral residents. Ensuring a successful implementation of these strategies in resolving the conflict between grassland and livestock, and promoting sustainable development on the Tibetan plateau, requires willing support at the level of national investment and policy commitment and from the herdsmen
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Enhancing herders’ livelihood and conserving the snow leopard in Nepal
Gurung, G.
;
Kollmair, M.
;
Kunkel, K.
;
Mueller-Boeker
;
Thapa, G. J.
;
Thapa, K.
Year:
2011
Loss of livestock to snow leopards Panthera uncia is one of the primary concerns of subsistence herders’ communities and one of the primary threats to conservation of this endangered species throughout the alpine regions of the central Asia
. Unless the relationship between snow leopards and humans is better understood and appropriate strategies are applied, coexistence may not be sustainable. Thus, to address this issue, WWF Nepal piloted a community-managed livestock insurance scheme in Ghunsa valley of Kangchenjunga Conservation Area simultaneously with various types of mitigation measures (i.e. preventive and curative). We found significant advantages of the insurance scheme including that it is self-sustaining and locally managed thereby ensuring it is economically viable and effective in preventive retaliatory killing of snow leopards. The main strength of the insurance scheme is that it was designed and developed in close co-operation with the affected herders’ communities. The communities start by designing a simple livestock insurance plan whereby owners contribute to a common fund that is later administered and managed at the local level, thus reducing likelihood of fraud. Benefit sharing of funds among subsistence herders’ communities from income generating activities is one of the positive motivating tools for people towards snow leopards. Since initiated, snow leopard killings have gone from 1-3/year to 0/year for 3 years
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The Nile Basin: Tapping the Unmet Agricultural Potential of Nile Waters
Awulachew, S.
;
Rebelo, L. M.
;
Molden, D.
Year:
2010
This paper provides an overview of poverty levels, hydrology, agricultural production systems and water productivity in the Nile Basin
. There are opportunities to manage water better in the basin for use in agriculture to improve food security, livelihoods and economic growth by taking into account not only the water in the river, but also by improving management of the rain water. Crops, livestock, fisheries and aquaculture have long been important in the Nile but do not feature in the water discourse
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Snow Leopards and 'Himalayan Homestays': Catalysts For Community-Based Conservation in Mountain Areas
Lama, W. B.
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Jackson, R. M.
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Wangchuk, R.
Year:
2010
In Ladakh and Sikkim, India, the Snow Leopard Conservancy (SLC) and Khangchendzonga Conservation Committee (KCC) carry out PES schemes for the conservation of the snow leopard
. In the ‘Himalayan Homestays” programme, households benefit from tourism in return for their conservation efforts. About 10-15% of homestay profits go into a village conservation fund that supports tree planting, garbage management and establishment of a village wildlife reserve. The fund can be accessed, to establish e.g. predator-proof corrals, pay a fulltime herder to guard livestock in high summer pastures, or insure livestock like yak through a national livestock Insurance scheme. On average $230 is generated during four month tourism season. KCC in Sikkim worked at broader scale to conserve ecological balance. A lesson learned is that when economic returns are tangible communities assume their role as conservation partners and serve as effective environmental stewards
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Theme overview: Livestock, a smart solution for food and farming
Maarse, L.
Year:
2010
Animals are a part of farming systems everywhere
. In this issue, Farming Matters focuses on how small-scale farmers manage their animals, how they link animal husbandry with other activities, and what their livestock means to them. An integrated perspective on the role of farm animals is crucial in overcoming simplistic assumptions on the opportunities and threats that livestock presents to family farmers
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A profile of the rural poor
Azzarri, C.
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Valdés, A.
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Anríquez, G.
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Covarrubias, K.
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Davis, B.
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DiGiuseppe, S.
;
Essam, T.
;
Hertz, T.
;
O, A. P.
;
Quiñones, E.
;
Stamoulis, K.
;
Winters, P.
;
Zezza, A.
Year:
2009
This background paper has two objectives
. First, it provides an overview of trends in the magnitude, location and nature of rural poverty, with emphasis on least developed countries. There is a large body of recent work describing the trends in rural poverty across the globe. This paper selects the most relevant findings linked to the overall mandate and interests of IFAD in agricultural development for poverty alleviation. A starting point is IFAD’s Rural Poverty Report 2001. A recent synthesis of relevant information is available in the World Development Report 2008, spotlighting the role of agriculture in development generally and poverty reduction in particular. In doing so, the World Development Report gave much attention to the rural poor and the potential ways out of poverty for the three types of countries: primarily agricultural, in transition, and urbanised. IFPRI sponsored a major conference in Beijing in October 2007, “Taking Action for the World’s Poor and Hungary People,” where current issues, perceptions and evidence over a wide range of themes related to rural poverty were documented. And there have been some important recent studies coming both from academics as well as international agencies such as the FAO and other UN agencies.
The second objective of this paper is to offer new evidence that advances an understanding of rural poverty. It presents various quantitative analyses of the determinants both of rural activities and of income from farm- and non-farm sources. The analysis uses household survey data from FAO’s Rural Income Generating Activities (RIGA) data base of 15 countries, complemented by demographic, health, production and income data from other sources, such as numerous national censuses and the WHO. The nature of poverty differs depending on the level of development of a country, on whether poverty is predominantly urban or rural, on the economic activities available to families and on the access families have to a range of assets. For the rural poor specifically, the distinction between sources of income is important for the identification of possible avenues through which policy and donor assistance can support raising household incomes: What is the degree of household dependence on farming? What are the opportunities for off-farm work and migration? And the access of rural families to education, land, and various forms of infrastructure will determine what households do and what incomes they can earn. Which household characteristics and assets are associated with specific occupations? Farming or agricultural labour? Farm work or non-farm work? Which are associated with higher incomes? And how does the relationship between assets and economic activity, and between assets and income, vary across the spectrum of countries, regions and level of development?
Section 2 provides an overview of some broad, recent trends, issues and potential challenges related to the rural economy and the alleviation of rural poverty. The section discusses the world demographic changes and future of food demand and trade, the role biofuels in food price trends, where WTO agricultural trade negotiations stand, and recent thinking about the future of the small farm. Section 3 examines in more detail the evolution of rural poverty and food security indicators, using IFAD’s RPR 2001 as a point of reference. It presents how poverty correlates with family and personal characteristics, such as education levels, age and gender of household heads, the number of dependents within the family and access to infrastructure important for sanitation and health.
Section 4 looks at who are the rural poor and what do they do. Based on survey and other data sources, rural poverty profiles for several countries are presented, focusing on household characteristics and access to assets. The section emphasizes the relationship between family assets and the probability of being poor, and classifies households in a typology based on access to different bundles of assets. This information is relevant for the design of interventions – government, NGOs and private – determining the most efficient targeting and coverage. There is discussion of the role of rural labour markets and what is known about participation by workers in those markets in farm and non-farm employment.
Section 5 discusses the changing income sources of the rural poor as the rural economy evolves and countries develop. It presents an analysis of the share of household income deriving from agriculture as family income increases, and compares rural households across countries at different stages of development. Section 6 present some concluding remarks regarding the policy challenges to reducing rural poverty
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Local voices, global choices: For successful disaster risk reduction (DRR). A collection of case studies about community-centre partnerships for DRR
Moss, S.
Year:
2009
Local Voices Global Choices is an interagency initiative supported by Action aid, British Red Cross, Christian Aid, Global Network of CSOs for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), International federation of the Red Cross, Oxfam, Practical Action, ProVention Consortium, Save the Children, and Tearfund
.This report contains a number of case studies from around the world, which highlight what can be achieved when local voices are respected and different actors come together to form strategic partnerships to work collaboratively to reduce disaster risks.
Case studies analysed include:
community involvement in the vulnerability and capacity analysis and formulation of community action plans: case study from Malawi;
building community resilience to both foreseeable and unforeseen hazard events by increasing their livelihood options and means of self-protection: case study from Nepal;
learning about sustainable agriculture practices and carrying out land adaptability testing in order to select the best crops to grow in the changed soil: case study from Philippines;
create and train pastoralist communities to build new sale yards and operate Livestock Market Associations (LMAs): marketing disaster risk reduction case study from Kenya;
using radio programmes to spread disaster risk reduction messages to communities: case study from Afghanistan.
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Adaptation to climate change: Household impacts and institutional responses
Yamauchi, F.
;
Quisumbing, A.
Year:
2009
Climate change will bring with it increased frequency of two types of natural disasters that affect agriculture and rural households: droughts and floods
. It will also alter rainfall patterns, thereby changing farming practices, household behaviour, and welfare.
Households all over the world use a variety of formal and informal mechanisms to manage risk and cope with unexpected events that negatively affect incomes, assets, or well-being. These mechanisms include both preparation for and responses to natural disasters. In low-income settings, where formal insurance and government supports are limited, households tend to rely on informal coping strategies, such as transfers from friends and neighbors, remittances, or investments in a diverse range of assets, from livestock to human capital. When disaster-related shock affects only a few households at a time, informal mechanisms can be quite effective in dealing with the situation. However, if the shock affects large areas simultaneously, small-scale coping mechanisms become ineffective.
Research on several climate-related national disasters—the 1998 foods in Bangladesh, the 2001 drought in Ethiopia, and the 2001–02 failed maize harvest in Malawi—suggests that the upcoming negotiations in Copenhagen need to explicitly defne, support, and expand policies that protect vulnerable populations from the expected increase in climate-change related weather events
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Pastoralism and climate change: Enabling adaptive capacity
Anderson, S.
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Nassef, M.
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Hesse, C.
Year:
2009
This publication forms one of a series of six reports prepared under the ECHO-funded project on ‘Reducing the vulnerability of pastoral communities through policy and practice change in the Horn and East Africa’
. The aim of the project is to raise awareness among planners and policymakers about the full potential of pastoral systems to make a significant contribution to the economies of the region. Each of the six reports presents evidence-based research findings to overcome misconceptions and misunderstandings regarding particular aspects of pastoral livelihoods, and highlights appropriate policy recommendations that favour pastoralist systems. The reports present evidence to help inform thinking in order that policymakers can keep abreast of new opportunities and threats in the rangelands.
The overall message that emerges from this publication series is that pastoralists must be supported not only to maintain the extraordinary resilience inherent in their traditional way of life, but also to adapt and – for some – to create viable alternative livelihoods in and beyond the ASALs. Concerns over population growth, climate change, conflict and declining productivity of the natural resource base present very real challenges for pastoralists in the Horn of Africa. Without significant support, levels of poverty, vulnerability and destitution will rise due to the effects of marginalisation, recurrent drought and floods, conflict and livestock epidemics. Market development can help to realise the economic potential of livestock and livestock products, such that mobile pastoral systems of production and management remain a viable option for some pastoralists. For others, support is needed to allow for the adoption of alternative and diversified livelihood options. The evidence presented by the current series encompasses broad views that relate to the future viability of pastoralism, providing guidance in identifying appropriate practical and policy interventions in the arid and semi-arid lands of the Horn of Africa
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An increasing threat to tropical ecosystems is posed by artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) for high-value minerals including diamonds, gold, tungsten, and coltan (a source of tantalum, used in cell-phone circuitry). ASM poses many of the same risks as industrial mining, including habitat destruction and fragmentation, pollution, and hunting pressure on wild animals. But while large-scale mining requires formal concessions and at least some measure of supervision by national or international authorities, ASM is generally informal and either illegal or a-legal, outside any regulatory framework. Where regulations exist they may be ignored or unenforced owing to corruption or lack of capacity and resources. The miners themselves are often exploited by the traders they sell to and unaware of the dangers of the use of toxic chemicals including mercury and cyanide. Additionally, mining camps in remote areas may serve as bases for illegal activities such as ivory poaching, bushmeat hunting, and live-animal capture.
Various strategies have been proposed to mitigate the impact of ASM. Where it occurs illegally in formally protected habitat, eviction by force is the most direct approach, but keeping miners out permanently may not be possible. Without a robust program offering miners an alternative livelihood and/or an economic stake in respecting the borders of the protected area, eviction is likely to fail. In areas where mining is legal, valid approaches include negotiating access under rules established to minimize ecological disruption and incentives for responsible practices. Even small changes can greatly ameliorate negative impacts. | https://www.stateoftheapes.com/themes/artisanal-and-small-scale-mining/ |
Browsing General Practice by Type "Article"
Now showing items 1-20 of 47
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The 100 most cited articles on healthcare simulation: a bibliometric review (Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2018-06)This article provides an overview and synthesis of the 100 most cited healthcare simulation publications to provide insight into the articles that have shaped current knowledge and practice. Searches of the Scopus and Web ...
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Adverse effects of amoxicillin for acute lower respiratory tract infection in primary care: Secondary and subgroup analysis of a randomised clinical trial (MDPI, 2017-12-13)A European placebo-controlled trial of antibiotic treatment for lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) conducted in 16 primary care practices networks recruited participants between November 2007 and April 2010, and found ...
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Adverse events of fluoroquinolones vs. other antimicrobials prescribed in primary care: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Elsevier, 2018-04-25)Background Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are second line antimicrobial agents. Once the decision to prescribe an antimicrobial is made, its choice should be based on both the benefits and harms. This systematic review quantifies ...
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An analysis of general practitioners’ perspectives on patient safety incidents using critical incident technique interviews (Oxford University Press (OUP), 2019-03-30)Background General practitioners report difficulty in knowing how to improve patient safety. Objectives To analyse general practitioners’ perspectives of contributing factors to patient safety incidents by collecting ...
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The application of human reliability analysis to three critical care procedures (Elsevier, 2020-07-10)Background: Procedures carried out in the intensive care unit are prone to human error. Standardisation has been suggested as an approach for reducing errors. This study used human reliability analysis methodologies to ...
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ASPiH Conference 2019 keynote paper. Quality improvement through simulation: a missed opportunity? (BMJ Publishing Group, 2020-03-04)As the use of simulation has become more established in the delivery of healthcare education and training, there has been a corresponding increase in healthcare simulation research. Simulation-based research can be divided ...
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Barriers and facilitators related to the implementation of a physiological track and trigger system: A systematic review of the qualitative evidence (Oxford University Press (OUP), 2017-11-21)Purpose To identify the barriers to, and facilitators of, the implementation of physiological track and trigger systems (PTTSs), perceived by healthcare workers, through a systematic review of the extant qualitative ...
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Changing antibiotic prescribing in General Practice – The results of the SIMPle process evaluation (Sciedu Press, 2017)Objective: The Supporting the Improvement and Management of Prescribing for Urinary Tract Infections (SIMPle) study, a cluster randomized trial, sought to improve the quality of antibiotic prescribing for Urinary Tract ...
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Chlamydia trachomatis infection and sexual behaviour among female students attending higher education in the Republic of Ireland (2009)Background There are no prevalence data on Chlamydia trachomatis relating to female students attending higher education available for the Republic of Ireland. This information is required to guide on the necessity for ...
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A comparison of the teamwork attitudes and knowledge of Irish surgeons and U.S Naval aviators. (Elsevier, 2012-10)Poor teamwork skills are contributors to poor performance and mishaps in high risk work settings, including the operating theatre. A questionnaire was used to assess the attitudes towards, and knowledge of, Irish surgeons ...
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The cost effectiveness of the SIMPle intervention to improve antimicrobial prescribing for urinary tract infection in primary care (Oxford University Press, 2016-09-27)Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health issue. This study examines the cost effectiveness of the SIMPle (Supporting the Improvement and Management of Prescribing for Urinary Tract Infections ...
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Do general practitioners prescribe more antimicrobials when the weekend comes? (SpringerOpen, 2015-11-24)Inappropriate antimicrobial prescribing contributes to the global spread of antimicrobial resistance. The pending weekend with changed availability of general practitioners (GP) and increased patient concern may increase ...
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The effect of operator position on the quality of chest compressions delivered in a simulated ambulance (Cambridge University Press, 2019-12-09)Background: Ambulances are where patient care is often initiated or maintained, but this setting poses safety risks for paramedics. Paramedics have found that in order to optimize patient care, they must compromise their ...
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Effect of tailored practice and patient care plans on secondary prevention of heart disease in general practice: cluster randomised controlled trial. (2009)Objective To test the effectiveness of a complex intervention designed, within a theoretical framework, to improve outcomes for patients with coronary heart disease. Design Cluster randomised controlled multicentre trial. ...
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The efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions in primary care: a meta-analytic review (Annals of Family Medicine, 2015-07-16)PURPOSE Positive effects have been reported after mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in diverse clinical and nonclinical populations. Primary care is a key health care setting for addressing common chronic conditions, ...
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Epidemiology of gestational diabetes mellitus according to IADPSG/WHO 2013 criteria among obese pregnant women in Europe (Springer Verlag, 2016-08-29)Accurate prevalence estimates for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) amongst pregnant women in Europe are lacking due to the use of a multitude of diagnostic criteria and screening strategies in both high-risk women and ...
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Exploring experiences of delayed prescribing and symptomatic treatment for urinary tract infections among general practitioners and patients in ambulatory care: a qualitative study (MDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute), 2016-08-15)"Delayed or back up" antibiotic prescriptions and "symptomatic" treatment may help to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) in the future. However, more research needs to be conducted ...
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Hand hygiene compliance in the intensive care unit: A systematic review (Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2019-09)Abstract Objectives: To synthesize the literature describing compliance with World Health Organization hand hygiene guidelines in ICUs, to evaluate the quality of extant research, and to examine differences in compliance ...
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Impact of working 48 hours per week on opportunities for training and patient contact: the experience of Irish interns (Oxford University Press, 2015-09-29)Objective. The European Working Time Regulations (EWTR) have been criticised for its purported negative impact on the training of junior doctors. The aim of this study was to examine the amount of time interns spent ...
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Improving antimicrobial prescribing: a multinomial model identifying factors associated with first- and second-line prescribing (Elsevier, 2018-12-13)Background/objectives: Broad-spectrum, second-line antimicrobials may be prescribed when initial first-line options prove ineffective. This study compares prescribing practices and identifies potential influencing factors ... | https://aran.library.nuigalway.ie/handle/10379/1213/browse?type=type&value=Article |
Egolijozinews is an independent current issue news website that aims to inform, educate and entertain the masses of this country. Futhermore it is created to offer rigorous training to upcoming journalism cadets who wants to pursue their careers further and become good scribers and Reporters.
We aim to take this publication further and print it once a week soon. Isaac is the Webmaster and Cele is the Editor in Chief who deals with the news content. Other writers are students who contribute under the watchful eye of the Editor.
About the Editor
Nie Cele is a seasoned writer who has worked, chronicled and published stories for many publications under the stable of Caxton Newspapers and as a freelance writer.
He is a graduate from Turfloop University where he studied Media Studies, Politics and General Literary studies.
For Advertising space and advetorials, contact Nie Cele at 078 523 7919/ 083 586 5924. | https://egolijozinews.co.za/profile/ |
Faced with challenges such as political uncertainty, climate change and a global humanitarian and refugee crisis – how can we effectively drive social change in uncertain times?
This question brought together leaders from the civil society sector in Berlin on 24 May for Mission Talent’s first-ever Mix’n’Talent event. I had the pleasure of moderating an inspiring panel with Susanne Baumann, Chief of Staff at Crisis Action; Sabrina Schulz, Head of the Berlin Office of E3G; and Jeannette Gusko, who manages International Brand and Engagement for Change.org. By sharing their experiences, lessons and thoughts on the topic, the panel quickly engaged the event’s guests in a fruitful discussion.
A guiding theme of the evening was leadership: which type of leader can successfully drive social change today? We can observe that traditional top-down leadership struggles to deliver the necessary flexibility and innovation needed to thrive in a fast-changing context. To be able to embrace change as an opportunity, taking a “servant leadership” model proves more effective; leadership that empowers people and fosters a culture that allows experimentation and failure.
This calls for leaders who are willing and able to push power down and out. The interconnectedness of the challenges we face require leaders who fully understand the importance of working in alliances. Moreover, they have to be able to break through silos within and beyond their sector, bringing unusual suspects on board. Uncertain times demand strong skills in situational leadership; leaders need to be able to make decisions without having all the information. In a time where growing frustration causes shifts to extremism, it is ever so important for leaders not to lose touch with what citizens, communities and beneficiaries feel strongest about. On the contrary, driving social change asks for leaders who can channel frustration among people into effective action and policy asks.
So how do we get there? After all, demanding change is much easier than really changing. The discussion brought forward some good ideas: Let’s start by honestly questioning our own assumptions and stereotypes: who do we actually accept as a leader? Does it correspond with the leadership we need? And are we willing to invest in development opportunities to foster the necessary leadership skills among our staff? We should not shy away from such investment costs. In the light of the challenges we face, the costs of not investing will be much higher.
This blog was written by Jana Merkelbach who also moderated this very first Mission Talent event. Her second guest blog entitled “From Silos to Movement” will be published in the next few days. | https://www.missiontalent.com/en/blog/leading-change-in-uncertain-times/ |
A study published today in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine journal sheds light on the most common genetic region associated with childhood-onset asthma in African Americans.
“While people of African ancestry tend to have more asthma and more severe asthma than people of European ancestry, studies of genetic risk factors for childhood-onset asthma in African Americans have been inconclusive,” said lead author Carole Ober, PhD, professor and chairman of human genetics at the University of Chicago.
An associated region on chromosome 17 is very large and contains many genes, making it difficult to pinpoint specific genetic variants and specific genes that contribute to asthma risk. In previous studies in Europeans, all the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across this region are associated with asthma and with the expression of the same gene or genes. The effects of different SNPs on gene expression, which can differ between tissues, can’t be separated.
The new study addressed these two challenges by focusing on African Americans and on gene expression in multiple tissues that are relevant to asthma: blood immune cells, upper airway (nasal) epithelial cells and lower airway (lung) epithelial cells. Because chromosomes of African ancestry are older than those of European ancestry, the pieces of chromosomes harboring SNPs associated with diseases are much smaller in African Americans.
The study shows SNPs associated with asthma in African Americans regulate the expression of the GSDMB gene in both upper and lower airway cells. In contrast, the SNPs regulating the expression of genes in blood cells are not central to asthma risk.
The researchers did a genetic association study and meta-analysis of the 17q12-21 SNPs for childhood-onset asthma in 5,916 European American and 3,904 African American children, which included children participants in birth cohorts from Children’s Respiratory and Environmental Workgroup (CREW), led by Dr. James Gern, professor and vice chair of research at the University of Wisconsin Department of Pediatrics. CREW is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program.
“If you look across the 17q region,” said Ober, “you find a lot of genotypes that are highly correlated in people of European origin. But in people of African and African American origin, the correlations between SNPs are much fewer. We were the first group to fine map this region in African Americans to find the variants and genes that underlie the association with childhood-onset asthma at this region.”
The study was funded by the NIH and is available to read in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine journal. | https://www.pediatrics.wisc.edu/uchicago-university-of-wisconsin-and-nih-led-study-sheds-light-on-childhood-asthma-gene/ |
Challenges of Dealing with Quality Inspection Stocks in Supply Chain
Quality Inspection Stock is defined as a stock that is quarantined for inspection and is generally not available for unrestricted usage for customer orders. The process of Quality Inspection could be a long drawn process involving multiple kinds of product checks to as short as couple of hours involving some kind of sampling technique. Most of the ERP systems available in the market have their own Quality Management module along with other modules such as Plant Maintenance or Production Planning. By implementing a Quality Management module, it is possible for supply planning systems to take into account realistic release dates of quality inspection stock into unrestricted stock. With such release dates being accounted for, the Supply planning system can accordingly propose incremental supplies in the network based on demand supply calculations as a function of time.
One very interesting challenge in such a Quality Management context is the handling of inter-plant movements vis a vis customer order replenishment. While the customer orders can only be serviced out of unrestricted stock, it is usually not the case with inter-plant movements. While different organizations have different practices, in general inter-plant requirements are not subjected to the same level of scrutiny as is the customer order replenishment. In some unique scenarios, the inter-plant movement time takes into account the time needed for products to get "ripened" and be finally made available for customer orders.
Complex ERP systems do not take into account the possibility of differential treatments of quality inspection stock for different streams of demands i.e Stock transport orders, dependent demands through Production Orders and Customer Orders. Inevitably thus, one has to build countless pieces of customizations on the application to finally make this requirement to work.
Some such options include:1. Make certain portion of quality stock as always available. This gets us somewhere mid-way but not wholly accurate. 2. Build different kinds of demand streams for Stock Transport Orders that bank on Quarantine replenishment. This is very accurate, however very intensive on customization and fraught with technical risks.3. Make all quality stock as always available - which leads to a false positive signal while confirming orders. This would mean that the final shipment process has to account for possibility of stocks not being at the warehouse which again could be an ugly process.4. Make all quality stock as unavailable - which leads to a false negative signals at order confirmation. This would mean that the inventory levels of Supply Chain would generally increase.
Based on the four above solution options, each organization may have to pick up the best and most convenient solution to meet the business need.
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Two workshops in October – kindly hosted by the Institute of Modern Languages Research – allowed groups of researchers funded under the Translating Cultures theme to meet, share ideas and discuss the progress of their work. This opportunity was particularly welcomed by those teams awarded research innovation grants as they prepare to launch their projects. These eight projects respond specifically to priorities identified by the theme’s advisory group, relating to the dynamics and mechanics of ‘translating cultures’. Collectively they will extend the theme’s range of enquiry into geographical areas previously under-represented, such as South America (‘The Art of Cultural Exchange’, and ‘Translating cultures and the legislated mediation of indigenous rights in Peru’), and also permit exploration of new disciplinary intersections, such as that between translation studies and disability studies (‘Translating the Deaf Self’), or between translation and questions of religious belief and conversion (‘Conversion, Translation and the Language of Autobiography’). There is also a considerable emphasis on translation and questions of cultural value, with projects on ‘From Dark Tourism to Phoenix Tourism’ and ‘Translating the Literatures of Small European Nations’. ‘Translating science for young people’ explores the translational dimensions of science communication, and ‘Child language brokering’ highlights the often previously invisible work of child interpreters. This diverse range of projects will not only enhance the visibility of the theme across a range of contexts and subject areas, but also allow considerable development of ‘translating cultures’ as a collaborative intellectual project that continues to address areas of urgent academic and public concern.
A second workshop brought together representatives of the three theme large grant teams, all of which now have their own websites on which their diverse and emerging activity is captured: Researching Multilingually at the Borders of Language, the Body, Law and the State; Transnationalizing Modern Languages: Mobility, Identity and Translation in Modern Italian Cultures; and Translation and translanguaging: Investigating linguistic and cultural transformations in superdiverse wards in four UK cities. The interconnections between these projects are becoming increasingly apparent, and all of them are actively rethinking the place of languages and multilingualism in Arts and Humanities research, and indeed beyond. The large grants are also all contributing to the AHRC’s Being Human Festival, with a range of events including ‘Translating Voice: A workshop and reading with Simon Armitage’ in Birmingham, ‘Language Fest’ in Glasgow, and ‘Migration Lives’ in St Andrews.
‘Translating cultures’ continues to develop collaborations with a range of external partners. Since September, I have delivered a series of presentations on the theme (and also had a chance to meet award holders) at a number of institutions, including Exeter, Kent and UEA. I additionally spoke on ‘translating cultures’ during the Canford Festival in October. The findings of the series of seminars on ‘Making History Work: The value of history and intercultural knowledge in the policy process’, co-organized with the Institute for Government, will be published next month, in time we hope to inform discussions post-REF2014 of the place of the Arts and Humanities in policy-related impact, and a further panel – on ‘Community languages: policy, pedagogy, public understanding’ – is planned with the British Academy as part of the annual BA/Guardian language festival later this month. | https://translating.hypotheses.org/538 |
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Known as the driest non-polar desert in the world, the Atacama Desert is a plateau in South America, a strip that stretches over 1000-kms through Chile, Peru, Bolivia and Argentina. Though this arid land receives just up to 3mm a year rainfall, the effect of the El Niño, transformed the land into a valley of flowers. The El Niño, which is defined as the prolonged warming of the Pacific Ocean has its effects on the surrounding lands in terms of sudden rise and fall of temperature as well as precipitation. This year, the effect of the El Niño which is usually a result of a 5-8 year process, saw precipitation in the Atacama Desert. Beyond everybody’s imagination, the desert started to spring to life and replicated a region one would see in Europe, or the north of India, covered with colorful blooms. Take a look and feast your eyes on this once arid land.
Homepage » Trivia » This Year’s El Niño Has Caused Chile’s Atacama Desert, One Of The Driest Places On Earth, To Burst Into Life!! | http://www.reshareable.tv/years-el-nino-caused-chiles-atacama-desert-one-driest-places-earth-burst-life.html |
16 June 2003 Grenoble, France, and Tel Aviv, Israel Lightwave--MEMSCAP, a provider of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology, and GalayOr, a developer of an all-silicon optical system-on-a-chip, announced the signing of a partnership agreement to produce and commercialize a digital variable optical attenuator (DVOA).
Capitalizing on GalayOr's developments and MEMSCAP's packaging and production expertise, the two companies will bring to market a new generation of optical products, starting with an integrated closed loop DVOA. This DVOA for telecommunication systems and subsystems, developed after several years of research by GalayOr and based upon its Silicon PhotonICs technology, will be available for sampling at MEMSCAP starting in the fourth quarter. The core technology consists of moving silicon waveguides. In order to perform functions such as attenuation, switching, filtering or alignment, these waveguides can be shifted in and out the silicon plane by MEMS.
The DVOA will first undergo a final research and development process at MEMSCAP facility, where it will be produced, packaged, tested, and qualified using very large-scale integration processes and packaging. Commercialization, managed by MEMSCAP, will begin in high volume during the second phase, expected to start in 2004.
The DVOA was developed through a coordinated effort of three companies: MEMSCAP, GalayOr, and Analog Devices, which developed the electronic control circuitry that includes high precision log amplifiers. It integrates the functionalities of several different optical and electronic discrete components into a single module measuring only 42 x 17 x 10 mm, and allows on-board microprocessor control, alarm reporting, on-board input/output optical power monitoring, automatic calibration, optical automatic power control with continuous power adjustment to environmental changes and aging. The device removes all analog and mixed signal design complexities from the system designer side and provides a user-friendly control via a standard I²C/SPI or RS232 digital communication interface for a plug-and-play VOA solution. The Israel-U.S. Binational Industrial Research and Development (BIRD) Foundation sponsored product development at GalayOr and Analog Devices.
The purpose of GalayOr/ MEMSCAP alliance is twofold: the first step is the optimization of the product for volume manufacturing; the second step is commercialization, through the MEMSCAP sales channel.
"The combination of GalayOr's moving silicon waveguides technology with MEMSCAP proven track record in commercialization of first class optical components open great new opportunities for both companies. I am confident that the closed-loop DVOA has a great market potential with telecom system vendors based on the product's ability to meet their cost, integration, and functionality requirements," says Dr.Uri Geiger, GalayOr chief executive officer. The current customer base exceeds 25 customers, including major system integrator companies.
"Our expertise and know-how in the communications industry, including optical products, is one of the strong assets of MEMSCAP," says Jean-Michel Karam MEMSCAP chief executive officer. "Our state-of-the-art foundry, technical expertise, patents and market presence, give us the width and tools to further the excellent development by GalayOr. This alliance with GalayOr is a milestone in the optical communications industry." | https://www.lightwaveonline.com/business/article/16657121/memscap-and-galayor-partner-to-provide-digital-voa |
Across the humanities and the social sciences, disciplinary boundaries have come into question as scholars have acknowledged their common preoccupations with cultural phenomena ranging from rituals and ceremonies to texts and discourse. Literary critics, for example, have turned to history for a deepening of their notion of cultural products; some of them now read historical documents in the same way that they previously read "great" texts. Anthropologists have turned to the history of their own discipline in order to better understand the ways in which disciplinary authority was constructed. As historians have begun to participate in this ferment, they have moved away from their earlier focus on social theoretical models of historical development toward concepts taken from cultural anthropology and literary criticism.
Much of the most exciting work in history recently has been affiliated with this wide-ranging effort to write history that is essentially a history of culture. The essays presented here provide an introduction to this movement within the discipline of history. The essays in Part One trace the influence of important models for the new cultural history, models ranging from the pathbreaking work of the French cultural critic Michel Foucault and the American anthropologist Clifford Geertz to the imaginative efforts of such contemporary historians as Natalie Davis and E. P. Thompson, as well as the more controversial theories of Hayden White and Dominick LaCapra. The essays in Part Two are exemplary of the most challenging and fruitful new work of historians in this genre, with topics as diverse as parades in 19th-century America, 16th-century Spanish texts, English medical writing, and the visual practices implied in Italian Renaissance frescoes. Beneath this diversity, however, it is possible to see the commonalities of the new cultural history as it takes shape. Students, teachers, and general readers interested in the future of history will find these essays stimulating and provocative.
Lynn Hunt is Professor of History at the University of Pennsylvania. | http://pgqfs.wz.cz/98-the-new-cultural-history-essays.php |
by Lou Manna (Author)
Packed with enticing and creative full-color photographs, this book focuses on the art of food photography and how the digital photography revolution has changed and enhanced it. Broken down into the areas of photography, styling, science, and business, this visual guide compiles all of these aspects of food photography into a valuable reference. Readers will learn techniques that combine the art of lighting and styling for still-life photography with the business sense of commercial photography. It also provides tips for aspiring food photographers on how to get started and succeed. Whether readers are professional photographers who want to learn the advantages of digital photography in the field, or amateur photographers who want to experiment in their own small-scale studios, this unique book will prove useful to anyone interested in this realm of photography. | https://www.awesomebooks.com/book/9781592008209/digital-food-photography/ |
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Located in the heart of vibrant downtown Evanston, MIC’s Evanston East Campus (located at the corner of Chicago Avenue and Grove Street) is a cultural hub for the community. With teaching studios and rehearsal rooms, students of all ages are engaged in weekly private lessons, group classes, ensemble rehearsals, and many other musical activities.
Our friendly reception staff is ready to assist with registration, billing, and room scheduling questions. They also can provide parking meter change and restaurant recommendations. The Evanston East Campus is also the home of Nichols Concert Hall, an elegant performance venue that presents concerts featuring not only MIC students and faculty, but numerous other Chicago-area artists and ensembles.
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This volume contains contributions presented at the symposium “Reception Processes of Alevi Ritual Practice Between Innovation and Reconstruction”. The conference was organised by the Collaborative Research Center 619 “Dynamics of Ritual” and its subproject “Ritual Transfer Among Marginalized Religious Groups in Islamic Societies of the Near East and in the Diaspora” (Department of Languages and Cultures of the Near East, Chair for Islamic Studies / Ottoman Studies at Heidelberg University). It was held at the Internationales Wissenschaftsforum Heidelberg (IWH) on October 30–31, 2007.
During its second research period (2005–2009), the project focussed on questions of ‘innovation’ and ‘reconstruction’ of Alevi ritual practice and tradition that are of prime importance for the understanding of the dynamics of ritual. The main emphasis of this conference rested on the reception processes of Alevi ritual practice and their changes. These are dependent upon the general transformations that the Alevi communities have undergone—not only in Turkey but also in the diaspora and on a transnational level—during the 20th century. In the course of these processes of migration and urbanisation, the structure of the community, its religious institutions, the organisation of religious specialists and connected transmission processes have often changed considerably. This is illustrated through the modification of ritual structures—such as the transition from one configuration of ritual to another (e.g. from görgü cemi to öğreti cemi)—or by developments such as the decline in importance of religious specialists (e.g. dedes nowadays often being employees in cultural associations). Simultaneously, the ritual itself may be a stimulus for the participants to reflect upon community structures, their personal and their collective history and, let us not forget, their own sense of self. Such considerations lead us to reflect upon concepts such as ‘ritual reflexivity’ and ‘recursivity’ that have to be taken into account when examining changes and modifications in the way that ritual practice and ritual knowledge is transmitted.
The contributions to this volume attempt to shed light on these hitherto often neglected interdependencies, and to analyse the ways in which the mechanisms and instruments for the transmission of Alevi ritual knowledge and practice have changed and adapted to altering and modifying contexts and realities.
In the first contribution, Rıza Yıldırım attempts to analyse the cem ritual in the context of pre-modern Kızılbaş society and to scrutinize its central role in shaping the religious understanding, perception and practice of community members.←7 | 8→ Yıldırım emphasises that the cem ritual can be understood as a microcosmical representation of Kızılbaş society with strong ties to the everyday life of these communities. Its historical development, he states, has to be investigated by contextualising it within its specific societal, spatial and cultural settings. The permanent presence of ritual aspects in daily routines serves to maintain tradition and practice. He points to the central role of the cem in governing the societal and judicial orientation of Kızılbaş community structure, its function in both binding the members of the community together as well as separating them from ‘the other’, i.e. neighbouring Sunni communities, and hence its role for reproducing a ‘compact community’, which severely reduces individuality while augmenting communality.
As his principal sources, he makes wide use of buyruk texts that he understands, however, not simply as historical sources for the development of the cem ritual and its socio-religious context, but to which he attributes a status and evolution of their own. This status, the author argues, materialised simultaneously with the evolution of the cem. By scrutinising these processes, Yıldırım characterises this evolution as a mutual interaction between text and ritual. Moreover, he critically assesses the available sources and offers a general discussion of buyruk manuscripts from the early 17th to 19th centuries.
While Yıldırım focusses mainly on Alevi scriptural traditions, Béatrice Hendrich in her contribution applies a broader concept of cultural storage devices for ritual knowledge and practice. She delivers an important insight into the process of the materialisation of Alevi culture by identifying location(s) of collective memory and commemoration in Alevi culture. Her main emphasis rests on the paradigmatic change concerning the storage devices for religious knowledge in recent Alevi culture. This shift is not restricted to a move from orality towards literacy but also includes the relegation of the traditional technique of embodying cultural memory in the chain of pirs and dedes. These are increasingly replaced by physical, mostly architectural archives such as commemorational statues and ‘cultural centres’, cem evis, museums or other modern spatial structures. The use of literacy and the construction of an explicitly Alevi (‘sacred’) architecture are not entirely new to Alevi culture, but draw on the Bektaşi tradition of tekkes, which form the historical basis for contemporary Alevi communities. Still, Hendrich argues, the main impetus for this paradigmatic change lies in the modifications of the present socio-cultural context.
Janina Karolewski and Robert Langer / Hasan Gazi Öğütcü, by combining philological and ethno-historical methods, both concentrate on the ways of storage, transmission and reception of ritual knowledge and practice within←8 | 9→ the defined setting of one Central Anatolian village community, and historical developments therein.
Robert Langer’s and Hasan Gazi Öğütcü’s contribution—centered around methodological questions and giving a comprehensive overview of the project’s approaches and research architecture—focusses on the ruptures and continuities in the village’s ritual tradition, making use of data collected in the course of interviews with the village population. Langer and Öğütcü point out that to assume that such individual and collective accounts of the villagers contain accurate descriptions of former ritual practice is misleading. Of course, such data can be used to identify key historical dates or to outline general historical developments; for example the abandoning of the talip görme (nowadays often referrred to as görgü), which was performed in the village in question for the last time, according to the informants, in the late 1960s. In fact, these data can also be used to identify recent modes of reception of mediatised forms of Alevi ritual—i.e. filmed performances edited to be broadcasted or stored in online Social Media—and their repercussions on recent village practice, which has none the less continued to a certain degree from the 1960s until today, as well as its revitalisation on individual, communal and collective levels.
Janina Karolewski, making use of the above mentioned oral history data and methods in order to contextualise her material, presents a hitherto neglected, even almost unknown type of written source concerning Alevi ritual: handwritten notebooks, her examples dating from the late 1920s and 50s. These notebooks, preserved in Alevi families, contain not only hymns and prayers, but also prescriptions for ritual practice. The composition of such notebooks is interpreted by the author as an attempt of both dedes and talips to preserve their ritual knowledge—up until that time predominantly transmitted by oral and mimetic means—when faced with the disruption of the Alevi tradition. Furthermore, she examines in how far personal notebooks and guidebooks differ from buyruk manuscripts and texts on rituals contained in buyruks.
Johannes Zimmermann, in his contribution, focuses on the Alevi online discussion forum www.alevileriz.biz as an example of new forms of transmission of religious knowledge and ritual practice in the New Media. Combining quantitative and qualitative methods, he shows that—especially for the younger generation of Alevis in the diaspora—such media play a vital role when it comes to acquiring knowledge not only about Alevism in general, but also about its rituals specifically. In the virtual sphere of cyberspace, authority and definitional power are—at least partly—negotiated and redistributed independently from the communal power structures of the offline world. The author shows how users of the online board←9 | 10→ acquire definitionsmacht by making efficient use of the features that the internet provides for the creation, invention and representation of online identities. Hereby, he demonstrates the ways in which New Media emerge as a new sphere for the transmission of religious knowledge and its storage. In doing so, these media challenge not only the role of the dedes, the ‘traditional’ transmitters of religious knowledge, but also that of their ‘modern’ successors, the Alevi associations in Turkey and Europe.
Hande Birkalan-Gedik, in her article, turns to a very special group of transmitters of religious and ritual knowledge in Alevism: female aşıks. By considering the relationship between (literary) genre, gender and nationalism, she establishes an analytical framework that helps us to understand the emergence and continuity of the female aşıks. She also considers the political contexts of their poetry with particular emphasis on concepts such as Alevism (Alevilik) and nationalism. Touching upon the impact of nationalism on folklore, Birkalan-Gedik analyses the ways in which Alevi women have been conceptualised and represented in the gendered discourses of their community. She familiarises the reader with the biography and work of two female aşıks from the Bektaşi-Alevi village of Kısas (Urfa): Hürü Aşan and Emine Uğur, both of whom define themselves as performers of aşık literature. By considering the effects of the concept of Alevilik not only within a cultural, but also within a religious context, she points out continuities and contingencies in the process of the transmission of religious and especially ritual tradition and knowledge.
It is the consideration of the influence different social and religious contexts can exert that links the contribution of Christine Allison with Hande Birkalan-Gedik’s analysis. Equally, her focus on the scripturalisation of Yezidi tradition builds a bridge to Janina Karolewski’s discussion of 20th century manuscripts and notebooks from Alevi families. In the last decades, a development from orality to literacy has taken place within Yezidi communities not dissimilar to processes of scripturalisation among the Alevis of Turkey. By applying a differentiated understanding of ‘orality’ and ‘literacy’, she discusses the impact of phenomena such as mass alphabetisation, urbanisation and intellectualisation on Yezidi communities in two different historical and geographical settings. The first of these is Iraq, where provenance-based forms of authority have only recently been replaced by textual forms of authority, and where the relatively short period of literacy in combination with the specific settlement patterns of Yezidis has led to an especially strong relationship between text and ritual, and therefore to a considerable reduction of the number of competing ‘Yezidisms’. Here, she points to the impact these shifts have had on the senior hierarchy of Sheikhan concern←10 | 11→ing their control over Yezidi practice on a trans-local level. On the other hand, in her second case study, Allison focuses on the former Soviet Union, where the beginnings of mass literacy date back to the 1920s and 30s. Here, Yezidis have therefore long been acquainted with written identity discourses, even though this has only been possible within official Soviet ethnography and folklore (studies). For this reason, Yezidis in Caucasia have been able to integrate their specific ‘Yezidicity’ into urban life.
Erdoğan Gedik’s German language case study on the Alevi community of Varto draws on the vast body of material collected during his fieldwork in Varto and its surroundings. The author explores the question of how ethno-linguistic, religious and national identities change in heterogeneous settings such as Varto. There, according to the author, this setting is created by the cohabitation of Turkish, Kurdish and Zaza groups and their respective languages and idioms that undergo constant processes of exchange. In the course of his argument, Gedik puts special emphasis on religious practice. He shows how different ritual traditions, in combination with linguistic and cultural contact settings lead to the emergence of new hybrid forms of religious practices. These are illustrated not only by the case of congregational rituals, but also by analysing modifications in the way the tombs of local saints are visited and venerated; a practice the author considers a constitutive element of local Alevi identity and practice. Additionally, Gedik points to the fact that the increasing activity of Turkish and European scholars and researchers within such communities also has an impact on their development and the change of their ritual practices.
This volume is characterized by a great variety of methodological perspectives on a wide range of transmission and reception processes in Alevism and beyond. It covers an equally wide spectrum of specific aspects and features of historic and contemporary Alevi ritual practice. In doing so, and by showing how these processes have triggered and influenced changes in the structure and self-understanding of the group nowadays termed as ‘Alevi’, the contributions of this volume shed light on the processes that have led to the emergence of modern ‘Alevism’ and have formed its fundamental cultural resources. Of course, this volume cannot offer a comprehensive or conclusive treatment of these complex and multi-layered problems. It is, in the best sense, to be understood as a preliminary synopsis of promising approaches to an aspect of Alevi research that is both essential and yet to be fully developed.
Research questions such as that of ‘innovation’ versus ‘reconstruction’ of Alevi ritual, as well as the discussion about ‘traditional transmission’ versus ‘external influences’ that represent the main focus of many of the contributions to this←11 | 12→ volume, also figure prominently in inner-Alevi discourses and debates. It is one of the aims of this volume to make these discourses more accessible to researchers from various fields of study. Thus, it aims to encourage trans-disciplinary approaches to the study of religious traditions undergoing processes of adaption to new contexts—for which Alevism provides an excellent example. As the research of the Heidelberg-based project, that was active from 2002 to 2013, has shown and as the conference and its vivid methodological discussions have further underlined, the topic of ‘Alevi ritual history’ and its multidimensional contexts, settings and dynamics can only be accessed adequately when expertise from different fields of research are brought together and combined.
Special thanks must be attributed to Dr Frank Neubert, who on behalf of the Collaborative Research Center 619 “Ritual Dynamics” introduced the participants to specific methodological approaches developed in Heidelberg by presenting examples from his own research on the “International Society for Krishna Consciousness”.
Unfortunately, it has not been possible to include in this volume all of the presentations given during the conference. The contributions by Dr Hege Irene Markussen (Lund) on “Ritual Criticism and the Alevi Cem” as well as by Dr Ayfer Karakaya-Stump (Williamsburg VA) have been published elsewhere1.
The printing of this volume has been made possible by the generous funding offered by the Collaborative Research Center 619 “Ritual Dynamics” and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). The head office of the Collaborative Research Center—and especially Dr Brigitte Merz—has contributed administrative and organizational resources and skills before, during and in the aftermath of the conference.
The editors are grateful to Mrs İrem Wedekind (M.A.) who has partly undertaken the task of copy editing this volume with great care, diligence and commitment. Most of the English articles were revised by Dr Caroline Tee who—in this process— offered not only her linguistic skills but also scientific expertise from her own research on Alevism in Turkey. The contribution by Janina Karolewski was revised by Carl Carter. The editors would also like to thank Eva Henrich (M.A.) and Patrica Roth (Heidelberg) who deployed their linguistic skills in←12 | 13→ undertaking some last proofreading tasks. The editors are also indebted to Dr Ellen Peerenboom, executive manager of the Internationales Wissenschaftsforum Heidelberg, and her team, who offered the external participants of the conference their hospitality and ensured, by their efficient organisation, its smooth and successful realisation. Mr Hasan Gazi Öğütcü and Prof Dr M. Fuat Bozkurt attended the symposium on behalf of the Alevi community and contributed an Alevi perspective on the research topics presented as well as valuable first hand observations and information.
Due to the imponderabilities academic life these days gives rise to, the final editing and publication of this volume was delayed several times. We thank all contributors for their patience and faith in our project.
The editors←13 | 14→ ←14 | 15→
1 Hege Irene Markussen, “Ritual Criticism and the Alevi Cem Ritual”, Axel Michaels (ed.), Ritual Dynamics and the Science of Ritual, vol. 4: Reflexivity, Media and Visuality, Udo Simon (ed.), Section 1: Reflexivity and Discourse on Ritual, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2011, 147–62; and Ayfer Karakaya Stump, “Documents and Buyruk Manuscripts in the Private Archives of Alevi Dede Families: An Overview”, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 37 (2010), 273–86.
Details
- Pages
- 290
- Year
- 2018
- ISBN (PDF)
- 9783631732588
- ISBN (ePUB)
- 9783631732595
- ISBN (MOBI)
- 9783631732601
- ISBN (Softcover)
- 9783631576755
- DOI
- 10.3726/b11674
- Language
- English
- Publication date
- 2019 (March)
- Keywords
- Yezidism Knowledge transmission Scripturalisation Islam Religious history Mythology
- Published
- Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Warszawa, Wien. 2018. 290 p., 14 b/w. ill., 4 b/w tab. | https://www.peterlang.com/document/1056048 |
The German Society for Contemporary Theatre and Drama in English (CDE) held its 9th annual conference in Bad Alexandersbad near Bayreuth. The conference was organized by the board of the Society, in particular by Prof. Bernhard Reitz and his staff of the English Department of the University of Mainz.
According to the well-established tradition of this society, there was again an intriguing mixture of people with first-hand experience in the theatre and the production of plays on the one hand and speakers with more academic interests. The key-note lecture was given by Alby James, who outlined ‚The Essence of Drama‘ against the backdrop of his work at The Royal Court Theatre, his own Temba Theatre and his contacts with such directors as Peter Brook, Trevor Nunn, and Adrian Noble. James is now Head of Screenwriting at Leeds Metropolitan University and he provided the audience with an insight into his views of important aspects of the writing as well as the production and consumption of drama. Niamh Dowling, who works in the School of Theatre at Manchester Metropolitan University and has extensively toured the world with British actors for cooperations with actors from other cultures, spoke about the ‚Three Sisters of Africa‘ and described intercultural theatre productions in various states of the African continent, developing by this means alternative ways of acting and perceiving reality. Jane Turner, from the same university, but working in the Department of Contemporary Arts, has researched theatre performance in Bali and spoke about ‚The Third Spectator‘ created in this context. Whereas the spectator in the West is usually tamed and controlled, the third spectator is much more actively involved in the productions and actually becomes the director’s alter ego, passing from recognition to knowledge and understanding. The theatre productions she spoke about create a cultural hybridity by employing elements of different cultures, and the idea of the theatre developed in this way is closely connected with Homi Bhabha’s „The Third Space“ and Eugenio Barba’s notion of ‚the third theatre‘ located between the commercial and the avant-garde.
The discussions and elucidations of numerous aspects of intercultural theatre and drama were also enriched by the papers given from a more academic point of view: Stephanie Kramer (Giessen) discussed ‚Post-colonial Experience and Intercultural Communication in Hanif Kureishi’s Borderline (1981) and Ayub Khan-Din’s East is East (1996)‘, whereas Mark Berninger (Mainz) pondered over ‚The Absence of the Intercultural? Theatrical Exploration of Anglo-Indian History in Contemporary British Drama‘. Christiane Schlote (Berlin) examined ‚Goodness Gracious Me: Looking Beyond Stereotypes of Race and Gender in the Work of Meera Syal and Anna Deavere Smith‚. A surprisingly large number of speakers discussed intercultural aspects in the work of William Shakespeare and his repercussions in contemporary drama: Nüvid Mortan (Ankara) addressed examples of ‚Translating Shakespeare in a Turkish Context‘; Edith Hallberg (Dresden) made us participate in ‚Shakespeare’s Macbeth Crossing Borders‘ by presenting important aspects of Welcome Msomi’s (South Africa) and Dev Virahsawmy’s (Mauritius) adaptations of the play; Ulrike Hattemer (Mainz) revealed how Anglo-Jewish writers have taken on the bard and rewritten him. Beate Neumeier (Cologne) discussed various recent productions of The Tempest and revealed their intercultural qualities, while Heiko Stahl (Mainz) related the same text to ‚Négritude and the Master Narrative in Aimé Césaire’s Tempest‚; Heiner Zimmermann (Heidelberg) dealt with ‚Shakespeare as a Trojan Horse‘ and discussed ‚Theatrical Transgressions in Totalitarian and Democratic Societies and the Scandal of Sarah Kane‚.
The relationships between very different cultures and especially the attitudes of minorities towards the influences of dominant cultures were reflected by José Ramón Prado Pérez (Castellon) in his paper on ‚Interculturalism, Subversion and the Quest for Identity in Chicano Theatre‚; by Alyce von Rothkirch (Mainz) speaking about ‚A Welsh National Theatre? Welsh Drama in English before the Second World War‘; by Angelika Keil (Chemnitz), who detected ‚A Plurality of Experiences‘ in the ‚Postcolonial Identities‘ expressed in two African plays (by Athol Fugard and Ayub Khan Din); and in Stuart Marlow’s (Stuttgart) examples of ‚Dramatic Art and Political Violence: South Africa and Northern Irish Case Studies‘. Rewritings of ancient Greek and Roman myths were analyzed by Anette Pankratz (Passau), who raised the question whether appropriations of myths in plays by Barker, Wertenbaker, Kane, Duffy, and Daniels were ‚Greek to Us?‘, and by Stefani Brusberg-Kiermeier (Berlin), who has researched ‚Re-writing Seneca‘ in Sarah Kane’s Phaedra’s Love.
The Berlin TU English Drama Group, directed by Peter Zenzinger, gave an exhilarating performance of two short plays and a Glasgow street song reflecting the conference’s topic in their very individual ways and providing ‚Contemporary Hamlet Parodies‘: the plays were David Ives’s Words, Words, Words, and Tom Stoppard’s Fifteen-Minute Hamlet. The production was very entertaining and gave additional, much welcomed insights into further ways of ‚Crossing Borders‘.
The latest CDE publication, Mediated Drama Dramatized Media, containing the best articles of the 1999 conference in Rauischholzhausen, was presented by its editor, Eckart Voigts-Virchow, and the general editor, Bernhard Reitz. The book is free for paid-up members of the Society and is available in bookshops.
At this year’s conference, the Society for the first time awarded a prize for the best dissertation on contemporary drama in English, the CDE Award: Stephanie Kramer (Giessen) received the Society’s award for her doctoral thesis on „Fiktionale Biographien: (Re-)Visionen und (Re)Konstruktionen weiblicher Lebensentwürfe in Dramen britischer Autorinnen seit 1970 – Ein Beitrag zur Typologie und Entwicklung des historischen Dramas,“ published as a monograph in the CDE Studies series and likewise available in bookshops. | http://contemporarydrama.de/conferences/conference-report-cde-2000/ |
The Germanic tribes strike as Marcus Aurelius succumbs to disease, leaving a skeptical Emperor Commodus to prosecute a war that doesn't interest him.
Fighting an implacable enemy in Germania, Marcus Aurelius trains his decadent son Commodus to succeed him, while rumor and intrigues brew back in Rome.
2016 • History
The Germanic tribes strike as Marcus Aurelius succumbs to disease, leaving a skeptical Emperor Commodus to prosecute a war that doesn't interest him.
2016 • History
Commodus rises to power as Rome's new emperor, but not everyone supports his ascent. Among those conspiring against him: his older sister Lucilla.
2016 • History
Commodus defeats his sister's coup but withdraws from governing, allowing others to amass power while he engages in an affair and banishes his wife.
2016 • History
A disastrous grain shortage reveals Cleander's treachery and leaves Commodus isolated, inspiring him to train as a gladiator in a bid to unite Rome.
2016 • History
Lavish imperial games at the Colosseum are highlighted by the emperor's bloody victories, but his paranoid abuses of power lead to a final betrayal.
2016 • History
After success in war makes Caesar a rising star, escalating tension between Rome's two most powerful men creates an opportunity for advancement.
2018 • History
Caesar's wealth grows as one-third of the triumvirate, but his brutal tactics make enemies, forcing him to remake his image as a military conqueror.
2018 • History
Caesar's hard-won victory over Gaul endears him to the Roman people but leads to a military showdown with the Senate and his former ally, Pompey.
2018 • History
Caesar pursues Pompey to Egypt, where he is received by king Ptolemy, who seeks an ally against his rival to the throne - his sister Cleopatra. Caesar finds good chemistry with Cleopatra, but problems in Rome require his return to Rome.
2018 • History
Caesar implements important reforms and grows more powerful and popular in Rome. He acts like a king and plans to become a dictator in perpetuity. To demonstrate his power, he plans to conquer Parthia. However, the Senate and Brutus in particular, are outraged.
2018 • History
The young Caligula has a difficult childhood when his family members are either murdered or exiled at the hands of the emperor Tiberius.
2019 • History
Roman Empire examines the life of Caligula from his days as co-heir of the Empire. He smothers Emperor TIberius to death with a pillow and nullifies his will instructing co-emperors. Caligula is made Emperor and works to win over the Senate by offering amnesty to those we sentences under Tiberius. He then wins over the people by putting on elaborate gladiatorial games. He searches out his exiled sisters and enjoys a life of debauchery. Later, he survives brain fever but the illness drives him mad and he kills his heir Gemellus.
2019 • History
Rome Empire looks at the increasingly deranged and paranoid reign of Emperor Caligula. He a kills his heir and forces his praetorian prefect to commit suicide. In search of a new heir to solidify his place as Emperor, Caligula begins affairs with his three sisters in order to have a child of royal blood. When his sister Drusilla dies, Caligula becomes deranged and the plot of three daggers surrounds him.
2019 • History
Roman Empire looks at the end of the reign of Caligula. His sisters Agrippina and Livilla plot against him after he marries. He later has them shipped to exile on an island in the Mediterranean. The derange emperor becomes even more debauched and begins to spend large amounts of money on monuments to himself. To raise money seizes property after accusing senators of treason and raises taxes. He later orders the invasion of Britain, but his distrustful soldiers refuse to go. Eventually, he is assassinated by the Praetorian Guard and his uncle Claudius is made Emperor.
2019 • History
Jago explores the ancient civilisation of Teotihuacan that exploded into a position of dominance in the ancient Americas almost 2,000 years ago. For hundred of years this great city state was the biggest in the New World. Its rulers built monumental pyramids and temples and then went on to build a vast empire that was maintained through force. Yet the identity of the people who led this civilisation remains a mystery.
4/4 • Lost Kingdoms of Central America • 2014 • History
Hitler invades Poland, and Great Britain and France declare war immediately. despite all warnings, this is unexpected for Hitler, but the allies passivity encourages him to advance.
9/13 • The Hitler Chronicles • 2018 • History
The opening episode tells the story of the outbreak of war in 1914. In the decades since the last European War the world changed.
S01E01 • The Great War in Numbers • 2017 • History
In the final part of his personal account of Britain's empire, Jeremy Paxman tells the extraordinary story of how a desire for conquest became a mission to improve the rest of mankind, especially in Africa, and how that mission shaded into an unquestioning belief that Britain could - and should - rule the world. In Central Africa, he travels in the footsteps of David Livingstone who, though a failure as a missionary, became a legendary figure - the patron saint of empire who started a flood of missionaries to the so-called 'Dark Continent'. In South Africa, Paxman tells the story of Cecil Rhodes, a man with a different sort of mission, who believed in the white man's right to rule the world, laying down the foundations for apartheid. The journey ends in Kenya, where conflict between white settlers and the African population brought bloodshed, torture and eventual withdrawal.
We countdown from 23 to 11 events that include a new vaccination for the polio epidemic, a leap in human rights with a new Declaration, and the invasion of Poland that started a world war.From the Wright brothers who launched a plane into flight for the first time, to a country that launched a rocket called Sputnik into space for the first time, the 20th century showed our rapid advance in technological feat
7/8 • 101 Events that Made the 20th Century • 2018 • History
Bettany Hughes recalls eight pivotal days that defined the Roman Empire and its establishment as the world's first superpower. She begins by exploring the day in 202BC when Rome defeated the might of Carthage under Hannibal at the Battle of Zama in modern-day Tunisia "Eight Days That Made Rome is a docu-drama that leaves behind the conventional chronologies of Rome's thousand-year history and brings razor-sharp focus to eight days that created, tested and defined its greatness. Each programme works as a stand-alone, as strong in its own right as part of a series and reveals a Rome relevant to us today, with its noblest and darkest instincts still resonating in the world around us." | https://ihavenotv.com/the-making-of-an-emperor-roman-empire |
The Cities Research Centre leads research into the changing patterns of urban life, and how to make cities more inclusive, productive, and sustainable.
The Centre brings together scholars from across the University and external partners to understand and shape the city of the future.
It builds on the interdisciplinary expertise of our urban research community at the School of Geography and Planning and other departments at Cardiff University, to promote engagement, research, teaching and post-graduate training.
To design and take forward interdisciplinary and path-breaking research on inclusive, productive and sustainable cities.
To provide a focus for the School’s already extensive policy, advisory and stakeholder engagement activities on urban issues.
To disseminate research that helps meet today’s grand challenges around rapid urbanisation and sustainable cities and communities.
To support the training, career development and funding of researchers working on urban issues.
We are an international reference point for academic research and practical action, for inclusive, productive and sustainable cities.
We integrate and generate new research on changing patterns of urban life and how to create better cities in both developed and developing countries.
Urban Riots: A comparative study of Stockholm and London FORMAS, the Swedish Research Council Anthony Ince, Ilda Lindell (Stockholm University – Principal Investigator), Thomas Borén (Stockholm University).
Challenges and Solutions for Ageing High-Rise Neighbourhoods in Japan and the UK ESRC-AHRC Brian Webb, Maxwell Hartt, James White (University of Glasgow), Michael Short (University College London), Yoshimichi Yui (Hiroshima University), Taro Hirai (Hirosaki National University), Akihiko Osawa (Takasaki City University of Economics), Sayaka Fujii (University of Tsukuba).
The City of the Future: Productive, Inclusive, Resource-efficient?
Professor Chris Rogers, Birmingham University, Professor Duncan Wilson, UCL CASA, Professor Elena Simperl, University of Southampton and Isabelle Bignall, CTO at Cardiff City Council will examined how the development of ‘smart cities’ and related tools such as big data, connected sensors and cognitive computing can help to understand and tackle urban challenges.
Their presentations can be found in related downloads.
Sir Simon Jenkins and other speakers addressed the impact of bad planning and indiscriminate development on the nation’s quality of life.
In this seminar, Dr Ayona Datta, Reader in Urban Futures, King's College London, delivered a postcolonial reading of India’s historiographies of ‘good governance’ and its projection into smart urban futures.
Professor Susan S. Fainstein, a Senior Research Fellow at Harvard University, presented an event based on her new book ‘The Just City’.
Professor William Goldsmith discussed his new book, Saving Our Cities: A Progressive Plan to Transform Urban America, arguing that the time is right for U.S. cities and city planners to push for more enlightened state and federal action.
Adam Price (Welsh Assembly Member) and Andrew Carter (Centre for Cities) discussed how cities around the world are increasingly facing multi-dimensional and multi-scale challenges as they seek to create prosperous, socially inclusive and liveable urban environments. | https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/cy/research/explore/research-units/cities-research-centre |
AAS President Megan Donahue offers some thoughts on the controversy over the future of telescopes atop Maunakea, Hawai‘i.
Executive Officer Kevin Marvel explains some of the background behind the Society's acquisition of Sky & Telescope magazine.
Astronomy in the News
- source: www.jpl.nasa.gov
- source: aasnova.org
- source: www.aavso.org
- source: public.nrao.edu
Recent Posts
AAS members are invited to "Engaging the Cosmic Perspective to Address Environmental and Social Issues" at the Holiday Inn Washington-Capitol on Wednesday afternoon, 23 October.
Nominations are now invited for the Margaret Burbidge Visiting Professorship of Physics and Astronomy at the University of California, San Diego. Application deadline: Friday, 31 January 2020.
Wildlife safaris during the day, and stargazing under pristine Southern Hemisphere skies during the night. Sound good? Join Sky & Telescope's Botswana tour in July 2020.
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2019 goes to physical cosmologist James Peebles and pioneering exoplanet hunters Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz.
AAS Nova provides highlights of recent articles from AJ, ApJ, ApJ Letters, and ApJ Supplements to inform you about discoveries you might otherwise overlook.
It’s time to choose our Doxsey Prize winners from among those giving dissertation talks at the 235th AAS meeting. We seek members willing to review and rank dissertation abstracts. Signup deadline: 17 October. | https://legacy.aas.org/ |
Key sustainability figures
The development of our environmental performance is part of our daily operations. This means, among other things, that we ensure our mill’s high usability and the reliability of our measurements, and that we address exceptional situations before they cause exceptional emissions. We consider environmental matters when we plan new investments and development projects. In 2018, for instance, we reduced the COD emissions and wastewater volume of our mills by more than 10 per cent.
Please find Metsä Fibre's environmental report for 2018 in its entirety in Metsä Fibre's Annual Report. | https://www.metsafibre.com/en/sustainability/Pages/Key-sustainability-figures.aspx |
Expressions for the probability distributions (probability density functions for continuous variables or probability mass functions for discrete variables) are shown in the section Response Probability Distribution Functions. The expressions for the log-likelihood functions of these distributions are given in the section Log-Likelihood Functions.
The value that is associated with probability is often termed the event or “success”; the complementary event is termed the non-event or “failure.” A Bernoulli experiment is a random draw from a binary distribution and generates events with probability .
If the events/trials syntax is used, then both variables must be numeric and the value of the events variable cannot be less than 0 or exceed the value of the trials variable. A “Response Profile” table is not produced for binomial data, because the response variable is not subject to levelization.
The multinomial distribution is a generalization of the binary distribution and allows for more than two outcome categories. Because there are more than two possible outcomes for the multinomial distribution, the terminology of “successes,” “failures,” “events,” and “non-events” no longer applies. For multinomial data, these outcomes are generically referred to as “categories” or levels.
Whenever the HPGENSELECT procedure determines that the response variable is listed in a CLASS statement and has more than two levels (unless the events/trials syntax is used), the procedure fits the model as if the data had arisen from a multinomial distribution. By default, it is then assumed that the response categories are ordered and a cumulative link model is fit by applying the default or specified link function. If the response categories are unordered, then you should fit a generalized logit model by choosing LINK=GLOGIT in the MODEL statement.
If the response variable is not listed in a CLASS statement and a response distribution is not specified in a DISTRIBUTION= option, then a normal distribution that uses the default or specified link function is assumed. | http://support.sas.com/documentation/cdl/en/stathpug/66860/HTML/default/stathpug_hpgenselect_details03.htm |
Q:
Maximum likelihood estimator based on 1 datum for non-canonical discrete distribution
One observation is taken from a discrete distribution with a parameter $\theta$. There are 3 possible values of $\theta$: 1, 2, and 3. The PMF is given below.
What is the MLE of $\theta$?
I suspect that $X = 3$ has something to do with the answer, because it has non-zero probabilities for all 3 values of $\theta$.
I also know that the MLE cannot be terribly complicated, because there is only one observation to work with.
A:
Let $\hat \theta $ be the maximum likelihood estimate of $\theta$.
$$\hat \theta = \begin{cases}
1, & \text{for } X = 0 \text{ or } 1\\
2, & \text{for } X = 3\\
3, & \text{for } X=4\\
2 \text{ with prob 0.5 and 3 with prob 0.5}&\text{for } X=2
\end{cases}
$$
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The most dangerous experiments in Physics!
Organised By
IOP West Midlands Branch
Tags
#Education-and-outreach #Everyday-science #History #Culture-history-and-society #Chemical-processes #Nuclear-physics #WestMidlands #WestMidsBranch #West-Midlands #Wolverhampton #IOP #Evening-Lecture #IOPBranchEvents
April 29, 2020
Sentences containing search word
Khechara - the outreach scientist who goes where nobody has gone before - will give an overview of some of the most dangerously mad experiments ever performed, and will actually proceed to bring some of them on stage, putting himself at risk against the elements of nature, in a fight against
Electricity
, radioactivity, gravity, chemistry, light and matter
Address
University of Wolverhampton
Wulfruna St, Room MA030
Wolverhampton
United kingdom
WV1 1LY
Link:
The most dangerous experiments in Physics!
Fun STEM workshop - inspiring the next generation
Organised By
Technology for Fun
Tags
#physics #technologyfun #STEMAmbassadors #Scotland #Edinburgh #Edinburghcollege
May 13, 2020
Sentences containing search word
The activities are designed to tie in with curriculum learning objectives in forces,
Electricity
and materials
Address
Edinburgh College
Midlothian Campus
46 Dalhousie Rd
Dalkeith
EH22 3FR
Link: | https://events.iop.org/events/search_process/Electricity/53627*66859* |
Fashion at the ROM this fall
The ROM has a great range of fashion activities this fall:
Fashion for Real Life, 7 October 2014, 7pm
Iconic fashion journalist Jeanne Beker hosts world-renown Canadian designer Izzy Camilleri, Toronto based writer and nationally recognized advocate Barbara Turnbull, and structural engineer and co-founder of Stop-Gap Foundation Luke Anderson, as they explore the impact of adaptive design on the world of fashion and beyond.
This event is in support of the exhibition Fashion Follows Form: Designs for Sitting, which invites us all to think critically about the relationship between function and fashion in our daily lives.
for more details and pricing visit the ROM website
Adult course Fashion: the Evolution of Garment Construction
Examine the traditional methods of constructing clothing in 6 fun-filled sessions! Engaging lectures, highlighted by gallery visits and artifacts, examine the evolution of straight cutting, draping, made to shape and tailoring, seen through historical, cultural and fashion lenses. | http://costumesociety.ca/?p=1070 |
About This Job
Location
Level
BAE Systems is looking for candidates to perform software engineering activities for a variety of programs in flight control, engine controls & cabin systems for commercial & military applications.
Duties and responsibilities involve the following:
1. Assists in the development and allocation of software requirements. Allocate requirements to software, develop software requirements, evaluate the impact of requirements changes, lead others in this task, and interact with customers regarding requirements.
2. Develop software design and design documentation or lead others in this task.
3. Construct software efficiently which meets identified needs (e.g., reusability, portability) in an efficient way or lead others in this task.
4. Reviews and prepares documentation for complex software designs in accordance with established software development processes and procedures. May run tests, evaluate results, debug defects, or lead others in these tasks. Participate in planning verification and validation activities.
5. Verifies complex software designs to ensure conformance with functional specifications and customer requirements. May run or participate in work product reviews and inspections.
6. Develop code and integrate complex software designs.
7. Estimates software level of effort and schedules by reviewing statements of work for new and revised projects.
Candidates should possess strong communication skills both written and oral. Candidates should also demonstrate sound interpersonal skills involving interfacing, coordinating and negotiating with company personnel, customers and suppliers
Minimum Education and Experience Bachelor’s Degree and 15 years work experience or equivalent experience Required Skills and Education 15+ years of experience in full life-cycle software development including requirements, design, code, integration and verification
Strong C/C++ programming experience
Strong debugging skills
Familiar with requirements management/traceability
Demonstrated experience providing technical leadership
Demonstrated experience interfacing with customers/vendors
Preferred Skills and Education Experience with the Green Hills IDE/debugger/emulators
Experience leading a small team of engineers About BAE Systems Electronic Systems BAE Systems is a premier global defense and security company with approximately 90,000 employees delivering a full range of products and services for air, land and naval forces, as well as advanced electronics, security, information technology solutions and customer support and services. Electronic Systems, based in Nashua, New Hampshire, provides systems and products that maximize the effectiveness and safety of fighting forces and first responders. Its offerings include infrared countermeasures and electronic protection systems for military and civilian aircraft; information management systems; signal acquisition, analysis, and exploitation systems that optimize use of the electromagnetic spectrum by friendly forces while denying its use by adversaries; interoperable communications systems for firefighters and other first responders; thermal weapon sights; precision targeting systems; situational awareness systems for ground vehicles; night-vision systems; identification friend or foe systems; and radiation-hardened electronics. Equal Opportunity Employer/Females/Minorities/Veterans/Disabled/Sexual Orientation/Gender Identity/Gender Expression EEO Career Site Equal Opportunity Employer. Minorities . females . veterans . individuals with disabilities . sexual orientation . gender identity . gender expression
About BAE Systems
BAE Systems builds and optimizes technology that revolutionizes defense around the world. The company helps sustain economies and safeguards security and commercial interests with pristine execution.
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I recently saw the following question posed in a discussion group: “When should the formal management of requirements begin?”
My take is this – I look at Requirements Management (RM) as having three main functions:
1) Requirement elicitation and development;
2) Managing the flow down (allocation) and traceability of requirements between levels;
3) Change management.
Your RM process must be documented, made available for all to use, and compliance enforced by management.
Requirement elicitation and development
As a process, RM begins at the beginning of the project – first you develop and then baseline your product scope, then you develop and baseline your requirements. Requirements elicitation occurs as part of these activities.
As part of the RM process, requirements are normally put under configuration control after the requirements have been validated and baselined via a Systems Requirements Review (SRR). Note there are dangers baselining a requirement document before the requirement set is mature and has been fully validated. By validated, I mean that the requirements, both individually and as a set, are correct, clear, consistent, and complete. Note: you want the requirements to be somewhat stable before you put them under configuration control because of the added time and effort involved in making changes once the requirements are baselined.
As far as controlling the quality of the requirements, I believe a good RM process includes both continuous requirement validation activities as well as a formal discrete requirement validation activity (i.e., the conduct of a formal SRR). By continuously validating your requirements as they are being written, you avoid poorly written requirements from being included in the final set for review. Follow a checklist or standard as the requirements are being written and review your requirements to ensure compliance with the checklist/standard. If you do this, when you get to an SRR, you will have a much better set of requirements to baseline and put under configuration control. After baseline, requirement changes should not be due to the fact the requirements were bad to start with.
Once you have a baselined set of requirements at one level then you need to manage the flow down of the requirements as well as manage change to the baselined set of requirements.
Send me an email direct at [email protected] and I will send you a copy of our “Checklist for Writing Good Requirements”.
Manage Allocation and Traceability
At the beginning of a project you are either tasked to define the problem and define your own set of requirements or you may be given an initial set of requirements from your customer as part of a contract. In the latter case, the customer requirements should have already been baselined and under configuration control prior to the contract being released.
In either case, it is then your job to implement these requirements at lower levels of the architecture. Thus, you will be defining an architecture, allocating the baselined requirements to parts of that architecture and then deriving a set of requirements at the next level that meet the allocated requirements from the previous level. These derived requirements will all be traced back to the previous level’s set of requirements.
From a RM standpoint, I find that many organizations don’t do the “manage allocation and traceability” well. In fact, many organizations do not even understand what allocation really is let alone document allocation and traceability within a Requirement Management Tool (RMT).
A disciplined allocation process is one that is done correctly and in a timely manner, and is used to analyze the requirements. In addition to ensuring that all requirements are flowed down properly, a disciplined allocation process can provide a number of other benefits to a program or project, including:
– Ensure all system level or customer requirements are allocated
– Identify possible internal interfaces
– Improve traceability analysis
– Aid in finding redundant requirements
– Aid in ensuring completeness of requirements
– Aid in accessing impacts due to changes
Allocation combined with traceability can be used to identify and correct common level problems. These types of problems can add significantly to your product’s development time and cost.
– Requirements at the wrong level
– Higher-level requirements not implemented at lower levels (missing requirements)
– Lower-level requirements that cannot be justified by higher-level requirements (gold plating)
Managing Change
From a change management standpoint, even with good requirements, change is going to happen. I address why requirements change in my blog:”Why do my requirements keep changing?” and how to control change in my blog: “Controlling and Managing Change”
Comments to this blog are welcome. | https://reqexperts.com/2013/09/27/when-should-you-start-managing-requirements/ |
Straddling the border between Brazil and Argentina is one of the natural world’s true wonders.
No trip to South America, let alone Argentina, is complete without a visit to the marvelous Iguazu Falls. Unlike other famous waterfalls, which often have just one drop, Iguazu is breathtaking in its expanse, with 275 separate drops along a 1.7 mile stretch of the Iguazu River. At 500 feet in width and almost half a mile in length, Devil’s Throat, or La Garganta del Diablo in Spanish, is the largest single cataract in the world and stands a staggering 270 feet high.
The name Iguazu is derived from the indigenous Guaraní words for “big” and ”water”, and that effectively sums up the impression visitors are left with having spent a day marveling at one of the world’s most impressive natural sites. Platforms located inside the Iguazu National Park on the Argentine side of the border allow undisturbed views of the falls, where you can appreciate the full force of nature as up to 400,000 gallons of water a second pour into the river below.
The falls were first seen by European eyes in 1541 when Spanish conquistador Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca was drawn to the site by the noise of the gushing water, which can be heard from a distance of several kilometers. Guaraní legend dictates that the natural wonder was created by a vengeful God who had intended to marry a local girl named Naipí, who evaded the deity’s attentions and fled down the river in a canoe with her mortal lover Tarobá. Stricken, the god sliced the river in two in a blind rage, sending the lovers cascading to certain death and creating the magnificent falls in the process.
There are national parks affording spectacular views of the waterfalls on either side of the Argentine-Brazilian border, with the entrance to the Argentine park situated just 11 miles from the town of Puerto Iguazu. Once inside the park, visitors can enjoy spectacular views of the waterfalls from numerous distinct vantage points, some of which are served by the ‘Ecological Train of the Forest’; a singletrack railway system that ferries visitors from one point to another. There are also trails for those that prefer to walk through the jungle and take in the flora and fauna.
In addition to the spectacular waterfalls which are of course the star attraction, the park is also a designated wildlife reserve, and several ecological trails covering several miles of terrain offer a chance to immerse yourself in nature. The park is home to a diverse and colorful selection of wildlife, with over 450 species of birds, 80 different mammal species and innumerable varieties of insects and reptiles.
Aside from being the home of Iguazu Falls, the ‘three borders region’, as the area where Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay converge is known, is also home to the imposing Itaipu Dam. Straddling the Paraná River between Brazil and Paraguay and jointly administered by the two nations’ governments, the dam is the largest operating hydroelectric facility in terms of annual generating capacity in the world. Itaipu generates around 90% of the electricity consumed by Paraguay and just under 20% of that used in Brazil and was completed in 1984. | https://www.elitetraveler.com/travel/destination-guides/south-america/buenos-aires/elite-recommends-the-ultimate-vip-experience-in-buenos-aires/2 |
In this line of research, we are using both fMRI and MEG to investigate the mechanisms that support the processing of facial expression and identity.
Attentional function: training and neurofeedback
Disruption to the frontal mechanisms supporting attentional control is implicated in a number of psychiatric disorders. We have recently shown it to characterize healthy volunteers with high levels of trait anxiety. This line of research investigates whether we can identify those individuals showing impoverished recruitment of frontal attentional mechanisms and help them to improve their attentional function through cognitive training. Here we are also investigating the potential augmentation of training effects by supplying neurofeedback from frontal regions.
Neurocognitive substrate of trait vulnerability to anxiety
Typical stimuli for attention/threat task
Within the affective cognitive neuroscience literature, there is an ongoing debate as to whether a fast subcortical thalamoamygdala pathway enables processing of threat-related stimuli that is independent of attentional resources. Our aim within this field has been to highlight the importance of considering both individual differences in anxiety and the role of top-down control mechanisms in regulating attention to threat distractors.
Collaborators: John Duncan (MRC CBU, Cambridge, UK), Rob Jenkins (U. Glasgow, UK), Andrew Lawrence (U. Cardiff, UK). follow link for more info
Neurocognitive mechanisms underlying altered fear conditioning in anxious individuals
Anxious individuals show stronger acquisition and greater persistence of conditioned fear responses. In this line of work we investigate how the function of the mechanisms supporting cued and contextual fear conditioning is modulated by individual differences in trait anxiety.
Collaborators: Trevor Robbins (U. Cambridge, UK), Iole Indovina (Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy)follow link for more info
Genetic influences upon neuro-cognitive function
This line of research investigates individual differences in cortical and subcortical function from a genetics perspective. For example, studies conducted have examined modulation by the COMT val 158 met polymorphism of frontal function during both fluid reasoning and attentional regulation of threat processing and modulation by the serotonin transport polymorphism of the amygdala response to threat-related distractors. Currently we are exploring ways to go beyond a 'candidate gene' approach to investigating genetic influences upon brain function. | http://bishoplab.berkeley.edu/projects.html |
Elisabeth Gilmore is the Associate Senior Researcher in the Environmental Science and Policy program in the Department of International Development, Community and Environment at Clark University, USA. Her research focuses on three related streams: 1) quantifying and forecasting the economic and societal impacts of climate change, specifically the potential for civil conflict and social unrest; 2) evaluating the economic and security implications of novel low carbon energy technologies such as small modular reactors (SMR); and 3) integrating scenarios and modeling tools, specifically integrated assessment models, for decision-making and regulatory analysis. Elisabeth also holds an affiliation with PRIO and contributes to PRIO's portfolio of research on climate change and security as-well as being a Visiting Scientist at the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD).
Elisabeth is speaking at
Speakers
Description
Webinar description
Recent advances in ICTs and IoT has made many new data sets available. This, coupled with improved capacities in data processing, machine learning and spatial analysis has opened doors to new types of analysis for research and monitoring.
This session will discuss how these capacities can be leveraged to shed light on the drivers of climate security. Our guest speakers will be sharing examples of how these advancements have been able to inform more accurate decisions in conflict analysis processes. | https://whova.com/embedded/speaker/cwscs_202006/10946273/ |
Table of Contents
Engagement and efficiency can be impacted by social cohesion, feeling supported by one's manager, information sharing, common goals and vision, interaction, and trust. Employees want to feel valued and respected; they wish to know that their work is significant and their concepts are heard. Extremely engaged staff members are more productive and committed to the organizations in which they work.
What Staff Member Engagement Isand Is Not, Scientists and seeking advice from companies have actually established different definitions of worker engagement. They have likewise developed classifications to explain and distinguish differing levels of worker engagement. Although the ideas of staff member engagement and job complete satisfaction are somewhat interrelated, they are not associated. Task satisfaction has more to do with whether the employee is personally happy than with whether the staff member is actively associated with advancing organizational goals.
Organizations that conduct research on employee engagement classify staff members based on the worker's level of engagement, but they have actually used various terms in doing so. Engaged and less than fully engaged workers have been described as follows: Gallup differentiates between workers who are "actively engaged" (loyal and productive), "not engaged" (typical performers) and "actively disengaged" (ROAD warriors, or "retired on active task").
Some experts define engagement in regards to staff members' sensations and behavior. Engaged staff members might report feeling focused and intensely included in the work they do. They are passionate and have a sense of urgency. Engaged behavior is persistent, proactive and adaptive in methods that expand the job roles as necessary.
and Britain and found that after two years in a job, 57 percent of the respondents were disengaged. See: What Drives Worker Engagement? Comprehensive research study has been conducted to determine the factors that influence worker engagement levels. The research study has actually shown that there are both organizational motorists and managerial drivers. See: In today's digital age, less person-to-person interaction and increasing on-demand technology from chats and texts to social media updates and news feeds, is eroding staff member engagement.
Quantum Workplace (the research study company behind the "Finest Places to Work" programs in more than 47 metro areas) has determined six drivers of worker engagement that have the greatest effect: The leaders of their organization are devoted to making it a great location to work. Rely on the leaders of the company to set the ideal course.
These aspects relate to what the employee gets (e. g., clear expectations, resources), what the staff member gives (e. g., the worker's specific contributions), whether the private fits in the company (e. g., based on the business objective and co-workers) and whether the staff member has the chance to grow (e. g., by getting feedback about work and opportunities to discover).
This can be done by interacting the value of engagement in the objective statement and executive interactions, making sure that business systems implement their engagement action plans, monitoring progress, adjusting techniques and plans as required, and acknowledging and celebrating progress and results. HR practices, HR practices have a significant influence on worker engagement.
Target applicants who are most likely to see their work as fascinating and challenging. Motivate those who are not suited for specific work to choose out of the process. Select prospects who are more than likely to perform job duties well, make voluntary contributions and avoid improper conduct. Offer orientation to produce understanding about how the task contributes to the organization.
Studies can be handy in assessing levels of worker engagement, however employers require to recognize that employee engagement surveys vary from other staff member surveys. For the finest results, employers ought to produce an overall engagement strategy that exceeds simply determining engagement scores. Preferably, an employee engagement method must be produced prior to an engagement survey is administered.
How action locations will be recognized. What quantifiable outcomes will be utilized to examine progress. What specific actions will be required to deal with the survey results. How the engagement method will be sustained over time. Special aspects of worker engagement studies, Worker engagement studies have a different focus than other kinds of worker studies.
Producing engagement surveys, When developing staff member engagement surveys, companies ought to consider the following guidelines: Consist of questions that could be asked every year or more often. This will offer a base line for management of staff member engagement.
Focus on habits. Good questions probe supervisors' and workers' daily behaviors and relate those behaviors to customer service whenever possible. Be careful of loaded and uninformative questions.
Concern selection is vital due to the fact that it informs staff members what the organization cares enough to ask about. Ask for a few written remarks. Some organizations consist of open-ended questions, where workers can compose comments at the end of surveys, to identify themes they might not have covered in the study and may desire to deal with in the future.
In addition, the organization might need that all workers have engagement goals in their efficiency reviews so that engagement goals are developed both from the top down and from the bottom up. Typical mistakes that organizations make with engagement studies are failing to get senior management dedication to act on study outcomes and stopping working to utilize focus groups to dive into the root of unfavorable ratings or remarks.
Recognize that the elements that develop engagement likewise develop the work brand. Understand that how the company conducts its work reflects its organizational culture. See Innovation Permits Cisco to Deal With the Best, No Matter Where They Are. 1Gallup, Inc. (2017 ). State of the American Work environment. Retrieved from Work environment. (2012 ).
The Power of Management Habits on Staff member Engagement Engaged employees care about their work, are committed to their organizations, and frequently provide more than is required or expected. Workers wish to feel pride, fulfillment, recognition, and assistance, however more than that, they wish to believe that their work matters and that it resonates with their worths.
More than simply satisfaction, worker engagement is a favorable connection to the work staff members do and a belief in the objectives, function, and objective of that work. Staff member engagement research studies and surveys consistently point out management and leadership reliability as a crucial element in this connection.
The Option Design The purpose of a leader is to engage others in devoting their full energy to the production of worth and success. No matter how strong a leader you are, you can not alter individuals; they have to make the choice to alter. Wilson Learning has created a design to show how choice works. | https://develop.leadershipequip.com/page/leadership-influences-employee-engagement-lehi-utah-zLhxaVfd_Fa4 |
Responsibilities include, but are not limited to:
• Ensure that assigned ISs are operated, maintained, and disposed of in accordance with approved security policies and practices.
• Ensure a process for managing changes in user access to ISs (as required access and need-to-know change) and for terminating user access when it is no longer required or authorized, according to established policy requirements.
• Ensure general users and privileged users are trained in the specific knowledge needed for them to safely operate and maintain the ISs to which they have access, including general security awareness and specialized privileged user training
• Disseminate, control, and manage the issuance of user identifications and passwords for assigned ISs, and provide authorized lists to appropriate system administrators.
• Develop, implement, and enforce information systems security policies.
• Ensure that system security requirements are addressed during all phases of the IS lifecycle
• Ensure implementation of a Configuration Management Plan (CMP) for software, hardware, and firmware is documented and maintained, and serve as a member of the Configuration Management Board, with Information System Security Manager (ISSM) and System Owner concurrence.
• Manage the review and release of media and/or memory components.
• Develop and maintain System Security Plans (SSPs) and all other system security documentation, reviewing and updating them at least annually for all assigned systems.
• Author or coordinate the development of other required system plans: Configuration Management Plan (CMP), Contingency Plan (CP), Continuity of Operations (COOP) and Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP) (as required) , and Incident Response Plan (IRP).
• Support risk assessment and evaluation activities throughout the Certification and Accreditation (C&A) or site accreditation process.
• Implement a strategy for continuous monitoring for assigned systems including: Establishing system audit trails and ensuring their review, reporting all identified security findings and initiating the periodic review of security controls
• Ensure compliance with annual Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) deliverables and reporting, if required for assigned ISs
• Ensure security awareness and precautionary measures are exercised to prevent
• introduction and/or proliferation of malicious code or other adverse IS conditions. This includes exercise of continuity and/or disaster recovery plans, as required
• Initiate, with ISSM or CSO approval, protective and corrective measures when a security incident or vulnerability is discovered. Monitor IS recovery processes and ensure proper restoration of IS security features
• Oversee IS recovery processes for all unplanned outages, including Disaster Recovery and initiation of the CP, whether actual or exercise
• Advises the System Owners regarding security considerations in the various applications ·
• Serves as a resource for users concerning all security questions regarding assigned systems and applications
• Works closely with the System Administration to maintain the various system and application certifications and accreditations (C&A) status
• Ensure that all users have the requisite security clearances, authorization, and need-to know before granting access to the IS, and administer/witness signing of user agreements and or Rules of Behavior
• Research and maintains knowledge of Information Assurance (IA) policies and practices, seeking clarification from the ISSM or higher authority when needed, and disseminates these to users
• Perform leadership responsibilities to mentor and provide direction to more junior-level ISSO team members, as requested
Position Requirements:
• B.S. degree required (B.S. degree may be substituted for 4 years of work experience, preferably in IT) plus 5 years of IT Security related experience (with min. 2 years of FISMA experience).
• CISSP is required. Candidates that do not current have a CISSP must be able to qualify and pass the certification within 6-9 months of hire.
• Leadership experience desired.
• Knowledge of information security engineering, design concepts and principles.
• Knowledgeable with Systems Development Lifecycle (SDLC) methodologies and continuous monitoring activities
• Extensive experience analyzing information technology and system risk in complex environments and articulating results (verbal/reports) to all levels of management.
• Demonstrated experience conducting information system security controls assessments (SCAs) and applying standard auditing techniques during system security controls assessments, including the proper interpretation of the control requirements, determining if the artifacts provided are sufficient, and recommending remedial actions to the customer to ensure compliance
• Demonstrated experience writing information system security documentation (SSPs, POA&Ms, PTAs, PIAs, CMPs, CPs and IRPs).
• Extensive knowledge and experience with information security standards, policies and practices - NIST (800-53 rev4), FISCAM , FISMA, DOD, DCID, FBI, etc.
• Ability to research and address information security issues as required, being an authority on the subject.
• Must be a team player with "can do" attitude. Must be able to work independently with initiative and innovation.
• Well versed with using vulnerability assessment tools (NESSUS, AppDetective, etc.) and analyzing the results generated from these assessments
• Proven ability to multi-task and deliver on-time with the highest quality
• Exceptional interpersonal, verbal, and written communication skills, with the ability to collaborate well across teams and organizations, including interactions with senior-level executives. Candidates must be fluent in the English language. | https://www.tanint.com/jobs/isso |
In addition to any criminal penalty provided by law, any person required to file a return under section 6046 or 6046A who fails to file such return at the time provided in such section, or who files a return which does not show the information required pursuant to such section, shall pay a penalty of $10,000, unless it is shown that such failure is due to reasonable cause.
(2) Increase in penalty where failure continues after notification
If any failure described in paragraph (1) continues for more than 90 days after the day on which the Secretary mails notice of such failure to the United States person, such person shall pay a penalty (in addition to the amount required under paragraph (1)) of $10,000 for each 30-day period (or fraction thereof) during which such failure continues after the expiration of such 90-day period. The increase in any penalty under this paragraph shall not exceed $50,000.
(b) Deficiency procedures not to apply
Subchapter B of chapter 63 (relating to deficiency procedure for income, estate, gift, and certain excise taxes) shall not apply in respect of the assessment or collection of any penalty imposed by subsection (a).
(Added
Amendments
2018-Subsec. (a)(1).
2004-Subsec. (a)(1).
Subsec. (a)(3).
1997-Subsec. (a).
1983-
1982-
Subsec. (a).
1974-Subsec. (b).
1969-Subsec. (b). | https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section6679&num=0&edition=prelim |
This Beautiful Stained Glass window is from the top of a "bay" window & dates from the 1920's & 30's.
We are the largest importer of Old Stained Glass into the USA & buy from all over England.
The measurements are 19" x 14.5" Glass size & 21.75" x 21.75" x 16.75" Overall including the frame.
The colors in this window are two shades of green, red, three shades of gold and purple.
Most of the glass is clear.
The glass is in perfect condition with no cracks or breaks.
The frame is new as the original frame could not be salvaged. | http://ca.allbazaar.com/OLD-ENGLISH-LEADED-STAINED-GLASS-WINDOW-Pretty-Abstract-2175-x-1675-ZZc-4771-ZZi-291956692535.aspx |
ABOUT THE ARTIST...
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Sophie Hacker specialises in Church Art. She is an advisor for A+C, the UK's leading organisation in the field of visual art and religion, and a Visiting Scholar at Sarum College. Since 2006 she has been involved in both the display, production and curation of artworks for Winchester Cathedral. She is an Artist Freeman of the Worshipful Company of Glaziers and Painters of Glass, and a member of the British Society of Master Glass Painters.
Recent commissions include stained glass windows, chapel crosses, vestments and altar frontals, and ecclesiastical silver as well as a range of private commissions in sculpture and glass.
She is currently working on a large-scale project for HMP Bronzefield to create 16 new windows inspired by the stories of residents.
Small affordable Studio works and publications such as 'The Calling Window' can be found in the shop. | http://www.sophiehacker.com/about-the-artist.html |
In this multi-day, 1-on-1 tutoring experience, learners will participate in discussions, practice activities, and explore strategies to develop their acquisition of test-taking skills.
Stacia Orock, TESOL & TEFL
130 total reviews for this teacher
New class
40 minutes
per class
Once per week
over 5 weeks
13-18
year olds
1
learner per class
per learner - per class
How does a "Multi-Day" course work?
Meets multiple times at scheduled times
Live video chats, recorded and monitored for safety and quality
Discussions via classroom forum and private messages with the teacher
Great for engaging projects and interacting with diverse classmates from other states and countries
How Outschool Works
Available Times
Pacific
🔥 This class is in high demand! 1 of 3 classes have sold out.
Available Times
Pacific
🔥 This class is in high demand! 1 of 3 classes have sold out.There are no open spots for this class, but you can request another time or scroll down to find more classes like this.
Description
Class Experience
We will explore the following critical test-taking strategies while looking at different scenarios in different ways. We will use various learning methods each week with a different focus and aim to engage the learner through discussion. Week 1: Introduction to Test-Taking Methodology The SQ4R Method Week 2: Identifying learning style(s) Note-taking strategies Week 3: Eisenhower Decision Matrix The Tasks Hierarchy Test-taking strategies Week 4: Applying test-taking strategies SMART...
Learners will develop an awareness of test-taking strategies to prepare them for the ISEE, HSPT, ACT, SAT, GRE, etc. Goals for Learners may include improving their decision-making by following the Eisenhower Decision Matrix. Also, learners will gain knowledge of SMART goal-setting and enhance their learning by identifying their learning style(s) and effective note-taking methods. Learners will also gain insight into prioritization through The Tasks Hierarchy, “best practices” for test-taking, and focus and attention management.
I love illuminating light on the topic of essential skills. As a former Walt Disney World Cast Member, I was heavily immersed in the hospitality industry and trained to harness key pillars of service excellence. I am a college graduate of the University of Central Florida where I earned my Bachelor of Science degree in Event Management. This discipline strongly influences my expertise in teaching others essential career and life skills. I hold certifications in TESL, TESOL, and TEFL; and I teach English as a second language. I am a certified, 1-on-1 tutor in the following subject areas: Audition Prep; College Application and Essay Assistance; Elementary, Middle, and High School English; Resume Writing; Study, Test Prep, and Organization Skills.
Learners should come prepared with paper and pencil or an alternate writing/typing device.
40 minutes per week in class, and maybe some time outside of class.
Learners will view weekly lessons and activities through a screen-shared presentation via Google Slides.
Teacher
Stacia Orock, TESOL & TEFL
English Educator with a Passion for Career & Life Skills
🇺🇸Lives in the United States
130 total reviews
391 completed classes
About Me
Welcome! I’m Stacia Orock- I have loved illuminating light on the topic of essential life skills here on Outschool since 2020. My classroom has expanded to diverse learners from over 30 countries on the Outschool platform. I was born in... | https://outschool.com/classes/1-on-1-test-prep-how-to-succeed-in-test-taking-ANzoDxoQ |
Spring 2020 Undergraduate Courses
Please check Albert for accurate course locations and meeting patterns. Please note that these course offerings are subject to change.
Please check Albert for accurate course locations and meeting patterns. Please note that these course offerings are subject to change.
Instructor: Professor Paul
Comparative literature has long aspired to analyze literary texts, aesthetic objects, and cultural phenomena through larger philosophical and theoretical lenses, while remaining attentive to forms of linguistic, political, and historic difference. Moving between national and disciplinary boundaries, comparatists aim to reconsider the value of core notions in literary studies, such as style, genre, text, author, technique, medium, translation, public, work, and world. This course revisits the possibility of comparison in an age of local and global crisis, closed borders, economic collapse, environmental catastrophes, revived nationalisms and fundamentalisms. How does literature index, respond, resist or become complicit in such events on the individual and collective level? Tracing the shared roots of crisis and critique, we will consider the poetics and politics of comparison by discussing plays, poems, novels, stories, and films from antiquity to present. Critical perspectives will be introduced through short readings in philosophy, psychoanalysis, queer theory, critical theory, poststructuralist and postcolonial studies. Course requirements include two papers, a final, and an in-class exam.
Instructor: Professor Garcia
This course examines different transnational and globalized conceptions of “America” across literature and criticism from both the early twentieth century and early twenty-first century. We consider transnational American literatures not only for the different meanings they attach to “America,” but also for the divergent moments of literary, cultural and intellectual history they reveal. Much of the course is devoted to the interventions of critics such as Randolph Bourne, W. E. B. Du Bois, and Alain Locke, whose writings we explore in terms of literary-theoretical resonances with writings by Henry James, Jean Toomer, Willa Cather, and Sherwood Anderson. Readings will also include works from the recent past by such writers as Teju Cole, Joseph O’Neill, and Yiyun Li, among others.
Instructor: Professor Vatulescu
What do we mean by document, documentary, and fiction? How have these concepts and their relationships changed through time? This course starts by considering the beginnings of documentary in literature, film, and the visual arts, from the controversial coining of the term in 1926. We will explore representative works from foundational moments in the evolution of documentary—the beginnings of the newsreel, Soviet and Nazi propaganda, American depression era documentary books, the cinéma-vérité movement, and the rise of autobiographical/personal documentary films. How has the emergence of this new term and its development affected our other key concepts—document and fiction? What is the relationship between documentary modes and particular media and technologies—print, photography, cinema, video, and digital? Other topics include the role of the artist, indexicality and representation, literature as historical document, “fiction in the archives,” false documents and forgery, collage, illustration, and other uses of the document in twentieth century art. This semester’s special topics are 1) word/image relations and 2) the archive. Theoretical forays around and into the archive will be complemented by hands-on research in the Tamiment archive or in an archive of your choice.
Instructor: Professor Halim
Although literature by Middle Easterners, particularly Arab-Americans, in English is not
a new phenomenon, it has flourished in the past two decades. In addressing Arab Anglophone literature, this course covers the output of both writers resident in their country of origin and ones living in the diaspora. We will discuss a range of genres, including poetry, fiction, essay, and memoir, paired with selected films. Drawing on postcolonial theory, this course will pose, among others, the following questions: How do the writers we study identify--Arab, Arab-American, Anglo-Egyptian, British, American, Middle Eastern--and what is at stake in such labels? How do we parse the abiding legacy of colonialism, in particular Orientalism, in stereotypes about Middle Eastern émigrés? What risks of complicity might come with identities hyphenated across sides divided by imperialism and neo-colonialism? What translational strategies are adopted in the texts to be read and can we speak of such a thing as “Arabglish”? As comparatists, how do we relate the linguistic choices in Middle Eastern Anglophone texts to earlier debates in the Indian and sub-Saharan African contexts? Readings by, among others: Diana Abu-Jaber; Suheir Hammad; David Lodge; Gauri Viswanathan; Edward Said; Mohja Kahf; Hisham Matar; Nadine Naber; Edward W. Said; Anthony Shadid; Ahdaf Soueif.
Note: these courses do count as core courses toward the Major or Minor
Everyday Life in Chinese Literature and Film
Professor Foley
COLIT-UA 300
EAST-UA 952-002
3:30pm-6:10pm, Fridays
Mundane and nonspecific, everyday life has emerged as a central area of study through which the very understanding of culture may be questioned and re-imagined. Taken as both an open and valueless category, as well as one that is already determined by networks of discursive and institutional power, everyday life seems to harbor within it the possibility of new forms of perceiving and feeling. If traditional understandings of culture privilege the spirituality of abstract reason, then contemporary theories of everyday life commonly emphasize the materiality of lived experience. As grand narratives of history become increasingly suspicious in our cultural thinking, everyday life may appear to provide a vantage point to re-examine the nature of human existence. The goal of this class will be to bring theoretical perspectives on everyday life to the study of modern and contemporary Chinese culture. In a society that has undergone such dramatic and rapid transformations, we will aim to begin our critical inquiry on the level of the quotidian. While the field of Chinese cultural production has often been explicitly dominated by broad questions of history, politics, and the nation, we will not ignore these sorts of larger issues; rather, we will approach them by examining the contested arena of everyday life as it is registered in modern Chinese literature and film. Although the course will be divided into three units—everyday life and the city; personal reflection and nostalgia; and boredom and ennui—these categories are by no means mutually exclusive and will prove to be overlapping in a number of ways. Course materials will include a number of theoretical readings spread out through the semester, which are meant to broadly complement our overall examination of literature and film.
Sponsored by Dept. of East Asian Studies
Enlightenment Subjects and Subjections
Professor Gadberry
COLIT-UA.141.001
IDSEM-UG 1831
2pm-3:15pm, Tuesdays and Thursdays
Course description: This semester, we will read broadly in literary, philosophical, and political works of the Enlightenment as we ask how this period understood what it meant to be human – and what it meant to be a human in relationship to others. Our course will begin by examining works that let us ask how authors of the period conceived of "man" and world. Looking at these classic texts (which will move us from skeptical philosophy to theories of feeling to proposals that we consider humans as machines), we will then turn to works that unsettle this category of “man” and allow us to consider other possibilities: citizen, foreigner, woman, and slave. How might these works complicate how we understand personhood? How do the Enlightenment ideals of reason and freedom fare when confronted with subjects neither considered to have reason nor granted freedom? We’ll finish our semester with an eye toward figures who critique Enlightenment reason and represent their own subjectivity in autobiographical texts. Primary texts may include David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, Adam Smith, Theory of Moral Sentiments, Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Voltaire, Candide, Montesquieu, Persian Letters, Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano…, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Confessions.
Sponsored by Gallatin
Note: these courses do not count as core courses toward the Major or Minor
Border Fictions
Professor Valerie Forman
COLIT-UA.202.001 / IDSEM-UG 2052
3:30pm-4:45pm, Tuesdays and Thursdays
How does a nation’s understanding of its borders come into being? Conversely, how do borders contribute to fictions about a nation—the possibilities it offers and who is considered a legitimate member of its community? What stories get told about those who migrate or seek refuge or asylum? How do migrants document their own narratives as they cross, re-cross, and contest borders? How can their stories along with the work of artists, scholars and activists challenge dominant narratives and unravel the myths that help to give borders and related terms—refuge, asylum, immigrant, citizen--their meaning and even their power? “Fictions” in the title of the course also refers to one of the primary means (the reading of novels, plays, poetry, short fiction) by which we will explore alternatives to the limited realities that borders attempt to produce. Though we will focus on recent crises at the southern border of the United States, we will locate these crises in their longer histories and put struggles over the US/Mexico border in dialogue with other border and migrant struggles. The seminar will also draw from historical documents, the work of historians, visual artists, filmmakers, critical/political theorists, as well as scholars of the environment, indigeneity, and migration from a range of disciplinary perspectives. Possible authors/scholars/artists include: Valeria Luselli, Oscar Martínez, Gloria Anzaldua, Carlos Fuentes,Gregory Nava, John Sayles, Larissa Sansour, Boots Riley, Leo Chavez, Wendy Brown and Donna Haraway among many others.
Sponsored by Gallatin School of Individualized Study
Professor Nicola Cipani
ITAL-UA 152 / COLIT-UA 550
12:30pm-3:15pm, Thursdays
This course examines objects with a dual nature: literary artifacts that are also visual compositions — texts that function simultaneously as pictures. While a primary focus will be on Italian 20th century experimental literary forms (parole in libertà, poesia visiva, concrete poetry), students will also explore a wider historical range of such textual-visual hybrids, from the classical world through the Middle Ages, the Renaissance and the Baroque period. In order to trace the transnational circulation of visual models, comparative examples and references from English and other languages will be offered. Specific readings and discussions will address theoretical issues raised by iconic texts — how do we read visual poetry? What does it mean to be a reader and a viewer at the same time?
Sponsored by Dept. of Italian Studies
Professor Gabriela Ilieva
MEIS-UA 717 001 / COLIT-UA 723
4:55pm - 7:35pm, Tuesdays
Addresses the rich literary product of modern and contemporary South Asia. Offers more advanced undergraduates a window on a rich and culturally varied area of the world, as well as an understanding of aspects of South Asian history and society as represented in translations of modern prose writing (short stories and novels) originally written in South Asian languages. Class Notes: This course will introduce you to a selection of writings in various Indian languages available in translation in English. The focus of this course is on the representation of gender and sexuality, as well as its relation to other factors such as class, caste, religion or ethnicity and how the depictions are mediated particularly through emerging fictional conventions in prose writing. We begin with pre-independence texts and then move on to the narratives of Partition. As we examine the cultural and historical contexts within which literature has evolved in South Asia, we also look at the voices of women and the role they play in the development of literary movements. Finally, we examine contemporary texts to gain a broader understanding of how tradition and modernity are embedded in South Asian literature with emphasis of gender representations.
Sponsored by Dept. of Middle Eastern / Islamic Studies
Professor Marta Peixoto
PORT-UA 706 / COLIT-UA 800
12:30pm-1:45pm. Tuesdays and Thursdays
How does documentary film represent reality? Is it a transparent window? Or is it a more complex form that may include elements of staging and fiction? In Brazil (as elsewhere) the last twenty years have seen a surge in documentary filmmaking and critical thinking about this kind of film. The increased production of documentary film is part of the Retomada or Renewal of Brazilian cinema of all kinds since the 1990s, made possible by favorable government policies. This course, CONDUCTED IN ENGLISH, will examine a selection of these Brazilian films from the 1990s to the present (with brief retrospectives to earlier films) and explore issues such as: the uses of fact and fiction and the multiple ways in which documentary film may go beyond offering realistic versions of preexistent realities; the scope of its political impact; ethical concerns about the respectful use of other people's images and words; the construction of layered and complex images of Brazil. Readings concern these and other aspects of documentary films.
Sponsored by the Dept. of Spanish & Portuguese
Professor Rebecca Falkoff
ITAL-UA 300 / COLIT-UA 852
12:30pm-1:45pm, Mondays and Wednesdays
The success of Elena Ferrante’s Neapolitan novels is astounding, not only because of the record-breaking sales, but also because of the strong emotions they thematize and arouse. In this course we will read novels, interviews, and essays by Ferrante, asking why her work inspires such passionate reading, and whether there is political efficacy in all this affect. Engaging with Sianne Ngai, Elspeth Probyn, Lauren Berlant and others, we will consider the political and aesthetic implications of ugly and opaque emotions like irritation, envy, disgust, and shame. We will also study major influences—including writers Ferrante cites frequently in interviews: Adriana Cavarero, Carla Lonzi, Luisa Muraro, and Elsa Morante; as well as those she tends to refrain from naming: Christa Wolf and Ingeborg Bachmann.
Sponsored by Dept. of Italian Studies
Professor Maria Luisa Ardizzone
ITAL-UA 269 / COLIT-UA 866
2:00pm-3:15pm, Mondays & Wednesdays
The Divine Comedy, is a very long poem traditionally judged to be one of the most important in Western culture. At the center of the poem is the human being, his condition in the after life and his punishment or reward. Taken literally, the theme is the state of the souls after the death. But allegorically, the true subject is moral life and thus the torments of the sins themselves or the enjoyment of a happy and saintly life. Since the beginning of its circulation the Divine Comedy has been seen as a text to be read in context, that is in light of the cultural tradition Dante was channelling and interpreting. This course proposes a reading of Dante’s Commedia, considered in light of the ancient and medieval idea of learning. The objective of the course is to familiarize students with one of the most important author of Western culture. Through Dante’s texts, students will gain a perspective on the Biblical, Christian, and Classical traditions as well as on the historical, literary, philosophical context of medieval Europe.
Sponsored by Dept. of Italian Studies
Topics: Pop in Latino American Music
Prof. Licia Fiol-Matta
COLIT-UA 951
4:55pm, Thursdays
This course will consider several important moments in Latin American and US Latino popular music, approached as a transnational phenomenon. The focus is on the performance of music, from tango to narcorrido, traversing folk, revival, MPB, salsa, rock, and contemporary Latino genres. Yet, music is a cultural product and as such students will learn how to reflect on music critically, as a collective expression of emotions, desire, and affects, and as an arena where social and political experiences manifest through creative expression. We will also study the emergence of mass culture as decisive in our understanding of popular music and pay attention to broader music culture, especially the rise of consumer culture and the entertainment industry. By semester’s end, students will have a working grasp of major developments in modern and contemporary Latino American popular music; be able to discuss recorded music and performance footage with critical listening tools, in relationship to larger social and political developments; incorporate the following categories into an overarching discussion of the performative aspects of music: regionalism, nationalism, folklore, subcultures, social differences, and politics; become acquainted with models of music criticism in order to approach pop music beyond simple expressions of personal taste.
Knowledge of Spanish or Portuguese is not required. When needed, paraphrases will be provided.
Sponsored by Department of Spanish and Portuguese
Marxism and Culture
Professor Djagalov
COLIT-UA.955.001 / RUSSN-UA 810.002
Marx (and Engels) died without leaving a clear understanding how their theories would apply to culture. Ever since, cultural producers and critics have been trying to answer this question. The first decade or so of the Soviet state was probably the most prolific ground for Marxist art and art theory, until socialist realism became “the basic method of all Soviet art and criticism” in the early 1930s. In the ensuing decades of the twentieth century, leftist thinkers and artists from the West and subsequently, from the Third World, challenged Soviet hegemony on Marxism. The end of the Soviet bloc represented a blow to the left everywhere, especially in Russia, but even there, Marxism, with its attendant aesthetics, still exists. Shifting in and out of Russia, this course will populate this 150-year-long historical trajectory with such canonical texts, authors, and movements as Marx and Engels, Plekhanov, Gorky, Trotsky, the Soviet avant-garde of the 1920s, the socialist realism of the 1930s, Gramsci and Adorno, Mao and Latin American Third Cinema, and as well as such contemporary Russian leftist artists as the Chto Delat’ collective, Kirill Medvedev, Roman Osminkin, and Victoria Lomasko.
Sponsored by Department of Russian and Slavic Studies
Theatre in the French Tradition
Professor Judith Miller
COLIT-UA.975.001 / FREN-UA 829
9:30am-10:45am, Tuesdays and Thursdays
This course in English will examine several French and Francophone plays that deal with the fraught question of immigration to France. Authors include: Mrozek, Sartre, Grumberg, Genet, Koltès, Kwahulé, Alem, Mouawad, Kemeid, and the Théâtre du Soleil. From the Eastern European Jewish women who worked in sweatshops and had to deal with the results of the Holocaust in France, to the Central Asian refugees attempting to get to Western Europe but ending up in holding camps, to the African boys who froze to death on the landing gear of an airplane headed to Paris, contemporary stories have given rise to theatrical expressions that stage, in often innovative ways, one of the world’s most urgent problems: which people have the right to seek help and asylum in countries other than where they were born? | https://as.nyu.edu/complit/courses/undergraduate-courses/spring-2020-undergraduate-courses.html |
The Kavli Prize is awarded every other year to one or more leaders in the areas of astrophysics, nanoscience and neuroscience. Winners receive a $1,000,000 prize as well as a medal and a diploma in recognition of their cutting-edge research. The prize was established in order to recognise outstanding scientific research, honour highly creative scientists, promote public understanding of scientists and their work, and foster international cooperation among scientists. The first awards were given in 2008.
The Kavli Prize in Astrophysics will be awarded for outstanding achievement in advancing our knowledge and understanding of the origin, evolution, and properties of the universe. It will include the fields of cosmology, astrophysics, astronomy, planetary science, solar physics, space science, astrobiology, astronomical and astrophysical instrumentation, and particle astrophysics.
On 29 May 2008, the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters and the International Astronomical Union agreed to cooperate on future Kavli Prizes in Astrophysics.
2008 Maarten Schmidt (California Institute of Technology, CA, USA) and Donald Lynden-Bell (Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge University, UK). The prize was jointly given "for their seminal contributions to understanding the nature of quasars."
The 2008 Kavli Prize in Astrophysics was jointly sponsored and awarded by the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research, and the Kavli Foundation. The prizes will be awarded at a ceremony in Oslo, Norway in September.
Beginning in 2010, the IAU and the NASL will collaborate when choosing the members of the Kavli Prize selection committee. The Academy will remain responsible for the announcement of the prize and the nomination of the winners; however, they will seek advice from the Kavli Foundation and the IAU. The IAU will also announce the names of the winners through its IAU Information Bulletin and on its web site. The agreement was signed on 29 May by the President of the NASL, Prof. Ole Didrik Laerum, and the President of the IAU, Dr. Catherine J. Cesarsky.
Nominations for the Kavli Prize in Astrophysics are open to everyone; however, individuals cannot nominate themselves. The prize can be awarded to a single exceptional individual or to a group of individuals who have all contributed jointly to the research. An individual cannot be awarded the prize posthumously.
An international consortium of five scientists will sit on the committee to choose the Kavli Prize winners. These scientists are leaders in astrophysics and are chosen by the Norwegian Academy, advised by the IAU, based on recommendations made by the Max Planck Society in Germany, the National Academy of Sciences in the United States, the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, and the Royal Society in the United Kingdom.
Beginning in 2010, the Norwegian Academy will seek advice from the International Astronomical Union in order to establish a balanced prize committee with respect to the various fields of Astrophysics.
For the benefit of countries and their regions that need support in development of astrophysical education and research, the NASL supports one IAU International School for Astronomy (ISYA) every year, beginning in 2009. The total amount of financial support by the NASL per year is US$ 30,000.-. The curriculum for an IAU ISYA will be determined by the IAU Division XII / Commission 46 Program Group for ISYA, together with the Local Organizer of the ISYA, and will be overseen by the IAU Vice-President in charge of IAU educational programs. Appropriate procedures for the announcement of the IAU ISYAs will be developed by the NASL and the IAU. Announcement and application information for the IAU ISYAs will be published in the IAU Information Bulletin and will be made available on the IAU web site.
Each IAU ISYA will invite earlier Kavli Laureates as one main speaker at each International Schools for Young Astronomers. For all information material about the IAU ISYA, it will be stated the school is sponsored by the Kavli Prize/the NASL. | https://www.iau.org/science/grants_prizes/kavli_prize/ |
Placements provide an opportunity to get hands on, quality experience as part of a small an supportive team. Students will get involved with client support, one to one and group faciliation, horticultural therapy, arts activities and the singing group. This is a service that focusses on recovery journeys for people whose mental illness is causing them to struggle to engage with mainstream services. It is a non-clinical approach and we don not provide medical advice.
Our 5 allotment sites in Burngreave have a range of clients, attracting a significant proportion of People of Colour. Some of our services are women only. Formerly we ran 4 groups per week, one being women only, another for adults in receipt of a personal budget and the last two being large mixed groups. However, currently due to funding constraints we are not able to offer as many groups and most horticultural therapy is delivered on a Tuesday. We also support adults progressing to further activity beyond SAGE promoting well-being so hope to help you explore Sheffield's community networks.
For social work students the placement provides opportunities to shadow all aspects of SAGE’s work and enables students to consider all areas of the Professional Capabilities Framework.
OT and social work students become part of the team for the duration of their placement and expected to attend fortnightly team meetings. There may also be opportunities to attend various network meetings that we engage with as part of scoping need and opportunities in the area. | https://www.sagesheffield.org.uk/get-involved/student-placements |
Luxembourg, 25 October 2021 – Cargolux is pleased to announce the launch of its sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) program. The introduction of SAF in the airline’s services takes Cargolux's sustainability engagement one step further, cementing the company's commitment to decarbonizing its operations.
This new milestone is an additional step in the company’s endeavor to reduce CO2 emissions and lays the foundation for a customer sustainability program, that will offer more sustainable options for their transportation requirements.
“Our commitment to Corporate Social Responsibility is intrinsic to our business model and the introduction of SAF in our operation is a significant step forward for Cargolux. We are pleased to be part of an industry-wide initiative to make our business, our industry and our world more sustainable”, says Richard Forson, President & CEO.
The airline aims to being carbon neutral by 2050 and has preemptively acted to be fully compliant with upcoming proposed European regulations and offsetting schemes. In the context of the COP26 conference and its commitment to limit the global temperature rise to 1.5°C, Cargolux is proud to play its part in the collective effort to achieve this goal.
Cargolux will continue to build on this initial step and include increasing options to promote sustainable operations and practices. The initiatives will build on the company’s CSR commitments that encompass a wide range of action areas, especially the environment. | https://www.cargolux.com/media/media-releases/2021/cargolux-launches-saf-program/ |
The wide-eyed and inexperienced adventurers had met on the mainland before the orcs sacked Sing’jar and after a night of carousing in the local taverns came to the impulsive decision to head to the mysterious island of Faroth and its neighboring islands in the search for adventure, treasure and employment (in that order).
Upon arriving in Faroth they have quickly realized their naivete and that securing any of those three goals would be more difficult than they had envisioned. Three days after they arrived, refugees started arriving from the mainland. After spending a week and the rest of their funds getting the lay of the land, realizing their perilous situation and sleeping in the Sparrow and Axe the three adventurers are spending their last night under a roof and in the warm confines of the tavern.
Olivia and Ominatia come up the stairs to the common sleeping area they were sharing and notice Leo lying in his bed quietly crying. When they cautiously enquire as to what is wrong with their new friend he relates a tale of watching ships come and go down at the wharfs hoping to find them work on one of the ships when he heard his half wolf/dog Barney (that he had had since it was a puppy) barking furiously and some loud shouting followed by a yelp and some more cursing. He raced down the dock and found that some sailors had muzzled and leashed Barney. After a heated argument he found that they were traders who among other things specialized in collecting and selling exotic animals, Barney was bound for the fighting pits…nothing he did or said convinced them to release Barney, after much threats and some fisticuffs he had wandered back to town to report the theft. The city guard had laughed at his plight and offered no help. Now bruised and heart-broken he lay in his bunk quietly sobbing. After hearing this woeful tale the three friends decided then and there that this could not stand and they would rescue Barney from captivity consequences be damned!!
The three returned to the docks at dusk and quietly observed the ship, their was still some activity on board as they loaded and stowed cargo of different sorts an assortment of barrels and a large crate were still dockside when the sailors appeared to finish for the day. One sailor stayed on the dock as a sentry at the end of the gangplank, the others gathered midship to drink and play some dice a lone figure at the bow of the ship seemed to watch the proceedings with disinterest.
Olivia pried open the crate and peering back at them was glowing multifaceted eyes. With a gasp of surprise Olivia slammed shut the crate and ran to get some of the salted meat, back to the crate and she carefully opened it up again. Murmuring softly she dropped some meat in the crate, hungrily the dog sized beetle like creature devoured the meat and then cocked it’s head and chirped expectantly, Olivia grinned, a new friend perhaps?
The three decided to confuse the remaining sailors and quickly picked a tune and walked up the gangplank with Ominatia leading them with her Ukulele and the others playing improvised instruments and singing. The Sailors jumped up in confusion, the music was entrancing though…the adventurers maneuvered themselves close to the cargo hold and in a mad dash they ran into the bowels of the ship freed Barney and after some fisticuffs that left the sailors with bruised egos and chasing them over the rails of the ship and onto the docks they escaped!
This Post was posted in Faroth-Game-Night, Faroth-game-night, fun and tagged beetle, cammatta, dog, faroth, ukulele. Bookmark the permalink. | https://blog.bitratchet.com/2017/03/06/faroth-introducing-the-ukulele-sword-band/ |
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an automobile speed control system for setting, memorizing and cancelling desired target speeds in an apparatus for enabling an automobile to travel at a desired constant target speed.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Automobile speed control systems of the type described above detect an actual automobile speed as a number of pulses and produce as a speed signal an analog voltage proportional to the number of pulses generated. When the automobile as it runs has reached a desired speed, the driver turns on a constant-speed travel setting switch to enable a memory circuit to set or store the speed signal at that time. The speed control system includes a comparator to which there are applied a reference voltage indicative of the set speed signal and a voltage representative of the current speed of the automobile. The speed control system adjusts the opening of the throttle valve in order to eliminate any difference between the reference voltage and the actual-speed voltage.
The automobile speed control systems have a deceleration setting function for allowing the automobible speed to slow down gradually as long as the driver pushes or closes the constant-speed travel setting switch after the automobile has run at a constant speed, and for bringing the automobile into a constant-speed travel mode by enabling the memory circuit to store the automobile speed available at the instant the setting switch is opened. Some speed control systems also include a "tap- up" function for causing the automobile speed to increase slightly when the driver momentarily actuates the setting switch while the automobile is running at a constant speed. Therefore, the automobile can be decelerated as long as the setting switch is depressed and be accelerated when the setting switch is operated upon momentarily.
With the tap-up function, however, the automobile speed increases only a small fraction ranging from 1 to 5 km/h each time the setting switch is flipped. When it is desired to increase the car speed to a great extent, the driver is required to actuate the setting switch repeatedly. Thus, the operation for a speed increase is awkward and it takes a long period of time for the automobile to reach a desired speed through the operation of the setting switch.
The apparatus for controlling the automobile to run at a desired constant speed is normally arranged such that the constant-speed travel mode is automatically released or disabled for safety purpose when a brake pedal is depressed while the automobile is running in that constant- speed travel mode. The apparatus is equipped with a resume switch for enabling the automobile to regain the previously memorized speed after the brake pedal has been released.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide an automobile speed control system for enabling a resume switch to increase the automobile speed while the automobile is running at a constant speed.
The above object can be achieved by providing a timer circuit energizable for a prescribed interval of time in response to operation of a resume switch while an automobile is running at a constant speed, and an acceleration signal generator circuit for generating an acceleration signal in response to operation of the resume switch while the timer circuit is being energized, so that an acceleration signal can be produced by actuating the resume switch for thereby increasing the automobile speed.
With this arrangment, when the automobile is to be accelerated while running at a constant speed, the driver actuates the resume switch, and the automobile speed continues to increase as long as the resume switch is pushed. When the resume switch is turned off at the time the automobile has reached a desired speed, the automobile is now brought into a constant-speed travel mode. The present invention is practically advantageous in that the automobile speed control system can be realized simply by adding only few components to an existing apparatus for controlling an automobile to travel at constant speeds.
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in which a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown by way of illustrative example.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The sole FIGURE is a circuit diagram of an automobile speed control system according to the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The present invention is particularly useful when embodied in an automobile speed control system as shown in the sole FIGURE.
A reed switch 10 is alternately openable and closable by a permanent magnet (not shown) which rotates at the same speed as that of a speedometer cable attached to an automobile cable. The reed switch 10 as it operates produces an automobile speed signal having a frequency which is converted into a corresponding voltage by a frequency-to- voltage (F/V) converter 20.
A target speed memory circuit 30 serves to store a voltage corresponding to a speed voltage signal Vv (actual speed signal) from the F/V converter 20 in response to operation of a setting switch SW1, and issues a stored voltage signal V.sub.M variable with the speed voltage signal Vv across the voltage thus stored. The memory circuit 30 includes an input resistor R.sub.5, a storage capacitor C.sub.1, and an impedance conversion FET F.sub.2 which are connected in series with each other, the FET F.sub.2 having a drain connected to a constant-voltage source Vcc and a source grounded through a resistor R.sub.6. Analog switching FET F.sub. 1 has a drain connected to the gate of the impedance conversion FET .sub. 2 and a source to which there is applied a voltage obtained by dividing the constant voltage Vcc with resistors R.sub.3, R. sub.4. The gate of the FET F.sub.1 is connected through a resistor R.sub. 2 to the contant- voltage source Vcc and the collector of a transistor T. sub.1. The transistor T.sub.1 has a base coupled through a resistor R. sub.1 to the constant-voltage source Vcc and through a diode D.sub.1 to the setting switch SW.sub.1.
A comparator circuit 40 has a comparator CM including an inverting input terminal (-) to which the stored voltage signal V.sub.M is applied and a noninverting input terminal (+) to which there is applied a reference voltage Vx obtained by dividing the constant voltage Vcc with resistors R.sub.7, R.sub.8. The comparator CM has an output terminal joined to a power amplifier 60 for energizing a control solenoid SL.sub.1 of a vacuum actuator 50. The output terminal of the comparator CM is also connected through a resistor R.sub.9 to the constant-voltage source Vcc and through a resistor R.sub.10 to an integrating capacitor C. sub.2. The junction between the resistor R.sub. 10 and the integrating capacitor C. sub.2 is connected through a resistor R.sub.11 to the input terminal of the storage capacitor C.sub.1.
The automobile speed control system also has a flip-flop 70 for maintaining one of two states at a time: one state indicating a setting of a constant-speed travel mode and the other a cancelling of the constant-speed travel mode. The flip-flop 70 has input terminals connected respectively to the setting switch SW.sub.1, a resume switch SW. sub.2, and a cancel switch SW.sub.3. The flip-flop 70 includes a NAND gate 71 having an output terminal connected through diodes D.sub.5, D. sub.6 respectively to the noninverting input terminal of the comparator CM and the integrating capacitor C.sub.2, and another NAND gate 72 having an output terminal connected through a power amplifier 80 to a release solenoid SL.sub.2 of the vacuum actuator 50.
An acceleration signal generator circuit 90 has a timer circuit 91 which starts operating when the resume switch SW.sub.2 is closed, a NAND gate 92 and an inverting gate 93 the output of the gate 92 being fed back to the timer 91. When the resume switch SW.sub.2 is closed for an interval of time longer than the time set by the timer circuit 91, the timer circuit 91 produces a signal of high level and the acceleration signal generator circuit 90 produces an acceleration signal of a logic level "L", which is applied through diodes D.sub.2, D.sub.3 respectively to the base of the transistor T.sub.1 and the integrating capacitor C.sub. 2.
A safety circuit OR gate 100 has input terminals connected to both the resume switch SW.sub.2 and the cancel switch SW.sub.3 and an output terminal connected to one of the input terminals thereof to provide a feedback loop.
The automobile speed control system thus constructed will operate as follows:
The rate at which the reed switch 10 is repeatedly opened and closed, that is, the frequency of the automobile speed signal, is converted by the F/V converter 20 into a corresponding voltage which is issued as the speed voltage signal Vv.
The automobile speed is memorized as follows: When a storage command signal is applied by closing the setting switch SW.sub.1, the transistor T.sub.1 is turned off to allow the gate potential in the FET F. sub.1 to rise until the latter is conducted between the drain and source thereof. As a result, the source voltage produced by dividing the constant voltage Vcc with the resistors R.sub.3, R.sub.4 is imposed on one terminal of the capacitor C.sub.1 and the gate of the FET F.sub.2. Let the source voltage be regarded as a reference voltage Vr, and since the automobile speed voltage Vv is applied to the other terminal of the capacitor C.sub.1, the capacitor C.sub.1 now stores an electric charge corresponding to a potential difference |Vv-Vr| across the capacitor C.sub. 1. Upon removal of the storage command signal, the FET F. sub.1 is turned off again. The FET F.sub.2 has a high input impedance, and thus the terminal of the capacitor C.sub.1 connected to the FET F.sub. 2 is brought into a floating condition, whereupon the charge stored in the capacitor C. sub.1 is retained as it was prior to removal of the storage command signal. Assuming that the automobile speed voltage Vv at this time is equal to Vv.sub.0, the potential difference V across the capacitor C.sub. 1 is held at the value | Vv.sub.0 -Vr|. Accordingly, a voltage Vv+V (Vv+|Vv.sub. 0 -Vr|) is applied to the gate of the FET F.sub.2, and a corresponding voltage is issued as the stored voltage V.sub.M from the source of the FET F.sub.2. Assuming that the stored voltage right after it has been stored is indicated by V. sub. M0, the stored voltage V.sub.M will increase as the automobile speed increases and descrease as the automobile speed decreases across the voltage V.sub.M0.
The voltage Vx produced by dividing the constant voltage Vcc with the resistors R.sub.7, R.sub.8 is impressed on the noninverting input terminal (+) of the comparator CM in the comparator circuit 40, while the stored voltage V.sub.M is applied to the inverting input terminal (- ). Consequently, the output from the comparator CM goes high when V.sub. M < Vx, and goes low when V.sub.M > Vx. The power amplifier 60 is turned on when the output from the comparator CM is high and turned off when the output from the comparator CM is low.
The voltage Vx is selected to be slightly higher than the reference voltage Vr. The voltage Vx is therefore slightly greater than the voltage V.sub.M immediately after it has been stored, so that the power amplifier 60 will be energized right after the voltage V.sub.M has been stored.
The power amplifier 60 is now driven to energize the control solenoid SL.sub.1 of the vacuum actuator 50 for thereby actuating the throttle valve (not shown) in an opening direction. The vacuum actuator 50 is arranged such that the opening of the throttle valve is determined by the period of time during which the control solenoid SL.sub.1 is energized.
At the same time, the output signal from the comparator CM is integrated by the resistor R.sub.10 and the capacitor C.sub.2, and the integrated output is fed back to the storage capacitor C.sub.1 through the resistor R.sub.11. This feedback control causes a gradually increasing voltage across the integrating capacitor C.sub.2 during energization of the control solenoid SL.sub.1 to be added through the resistor R.sub.11 to the automobile speed voltage Vv indicative of the actual automobile speed, so that the sum voltage is impressed on the storage capacitor C.sub.1. Therefore, a signal representative of a speed increase is issued before the automobile speed voltage Vv reaches the storage speed V.sub.M representing the target speed, thus suppressing acceleration and preventing the automobile from being accelerated beyond the target speed. When the automobile speed is too high, the output from the comparator CM goes low, rendering the control solenoid SL.sub.1 nonconductive to actuate the throttle valve in a closing direction. Since the integrated voltage from the capacitor C.sub.2 is also lowered, a signal is produced indicative of a speed reduction before the actual speed is lowered to the target speed. This prevents the automobile from being decelerated excessively. The charge stored in the integrating capacitor C.sub.2 is discharged through the diode D.sub.7 when the setting switch SW.sub.1 is closed.
The output from the F/V converter 20 is rippled, and so is the feedback signal due to energization and de-energization of the comparator CM. The comparator CM is therefore controlled to produce its output which goes high and low alternately at a fast rate under duty control.
Under normal condition, the output terminal of the NAND gate 71 is kept at a high level and the output terminal of the NAND gate 72 is kept at a low level. When the cancel switch SW.sub.3 is closed at this time, the output terminal of the NAND gate 71 goes low and the output terminal of the NAND gate 72 goes high, rendering the noninverting input terminal of the comparator CM low and discharging the charge stored in the integrating capacitor C.sub.2. The power amplifier 80 is then turned on to energized the release solenoid SL.sub.2 for thereby releasing the throttle valve. The constant-speed travel mode is now cancelled. When it is thereafter desired to enable the automobile to run at the constant speed prior to the cancelling of the constant-speed travel mode, the resume switch SW.sub.2 is closed to render the output of the NAND gate 71 high and the output of the NAND gate 72 low to thereby de-energize the release solenoid SL.sub.2 and apply the reference voltage Vv to the comparator CM for keeping the automobile speed at the speed before the mode is cancelled. For a constant-speed travel mode at a newly set speed, the setting switch SW.sub.1 should be closed again and the storage voltage V.sub.M should be changed.
When the resume switch SW.sub.2 is closed, the timer circuit 91 in the acceleration signal generator circuit 90 starts operating. As long as the resume switch SW.sub.2 is closed for an interval of time shorter than the time set by the timer circuit 91, the speed control system operates to bring the automobile speed back to the speed prior to cancelling the constant-speed travel mode. When the resume switch SW.sub. 2 is closed for a period of time longer than the time set by the timer circuit 91, the acceleration signal generator circuit 90 issues an acceleration signal of a low level. This acceleration signal is applied through the diodes D.sub.2, D.sub.3 to the base of the transistor T.sub. 1 and the capacitor C.sub.2. Therefore, the transistor T.sub.1 is turned off and the FET F.sub.1 is turned on to apply the reference voltage Vr to the base of the FET F.sub.2. Since the source voltage of the FET F. sub.2 is equalized to the reference voltage Vr, the comparator CM compares the reference voltage Vr and the divided voltage Vx. Because Vx > Vr, the output from the comparator CM goes high to energize the control solenoid SL.sub.1 of the actuator 50 for increasing the opening of the throttle valve to thereby accelerate the automobile. The automobile is continuously accelerated as long as the resume switch SW. sub.2 is closed. When the resume switch SW.sub.2 is opened at the time the automobile has reached a desired speed, the transistor T.sub.1 is turned on to produce a setting signal, whereupon the automobile speed at that time is memorized to bring the automobile into a constant-speed travel mode. At this time, the capacitor C.sub.2 is discharged through the diode D.sub.3 to avoid excessive feedback control operation at the time the automobile speed is memorized.
When the cancel switch SW.sub.3 is closed while the automobile is continuously increasing its speed, the flip-flop 70 is actuated to cancel the constant-speed travel mode and simultaneously the output of the safety circuit OR gate 100 goes low. Thus, the flip-flop 70 is maintained in the state of cancelling the constant-speed travel mode even when the cancel switch SW.sub.3 is opened. This flip-flop state is continued until the resume switch SW.sub.2 is opened. The constant-speed travel mode can therefore be cancelled by closing the cancel switch SW. sub.3 even when the resume switch SW.sub.2 happens to remain closed accidentally while the automobile is running at a constant speed. This can prevent any danger of continued acceleration of the automobile which would result from the malfunction of the resume switch SW.sub.2.
A second mode of operation of the speed control system will be described. When the resume switch SW.sub.2 is closed and opened, the timer circuit 91 in the acceleration signal generator circuit 90 starts operating at the time the resume switch SW.sub.2 is opened. Unless the resume switch SW.sub.2 is closed again while the timer circuit 91 is energized, the speed control system operates to bring the automobile speed back to the speed prior to the cencelling of the constant-speed travel mode. When the resume switch SW.sub.2 is closed again during operation of the timer circuit 91, the timer circuit 91 produces a signal of high level. Therefore, the acceleration signal generator circuit 90 produces a signal of low level, and the signal is applied to the terminal G of the timer circuit 91 to remain the acceleration signal as it is as long as the resume switch SW.sub.2 is closed.
This low-level signal is applied through the diodes D.sub.2, D. sub.3 to the base of the transistor T.sub.1 and the capacitor C.sub.2. The transistor T.sub.1 is de-energized and the FET F.sub.1 is energized, thereby applying the reference voltage Vr to the base of the FET F.sub.2. The source voltage V.sub.M of the FET F.sub.2 is now equalized to the reference voltage Vr, and then the comparator CM compares the reference voltage Vr and the divided voltage Vx. Since Vx > Vr, the output of the comparator CM goes high to energize the control solenoid SL.sub.1 of the actuator 50 for thereby increasing the opening of the throttle valve. The automobile is therefore accelerated and is kept accelerated while the resume switch SW.sub.2 is being closed. By opening the resume switch SW. sub.2 when the automobile has reached a desired speed, the transistor T. sub.1 is turned on to produce a setting signal by which the automobile speed is memorized again to allow the automobile to run in the constant- speed travel mode.
Although a certain preferred embodiment has been shown and described, it should be understood that many changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the scope of the appended claims. | |
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to transform processors, and more specifically, to real time discrete sinusoidal transform processors.
Discrete sinusoidal transforms play significant roles in various digital signal processing applications, such as spectrum analysis, image and speech signal processing, computer tomography, data compression, and signal reconstruction. Among different discrete sinusoidal transforms, the discrete cosine transform (DCT), the discrete sine transform (DST), discrete Hartley transform (DHT), and the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) , are widely used because of their efficient performance. Recently, the Lapped Orthogonal Transform (LOT) and the Complex Lapped Transform (CLT) were introduced for transform coding with significantly reduced blocking effects and for motion estimation.
In the prior art, various special purpose computers and processor chips have been designed to accommodate specific operations. The algorithms specific to various transforms were implemented in hardware only designed to accommodate the handful of related algorithm transforms. This provided a simple solution to each transform problem, yet did not address the collective problem of solving a family of transforms. Examples of these include U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,760,543 (Ligtenberg et al.), 4, 797,847 (Dunhamel), 4,679,163 (Arnould et al.), 4, 831,574 (Dunhamel), 4, 385,363 (Widergren et al.), 4,831,440 (Borgers et al.), 4,881,192 (Woudsma et al.), 4,791,598 (Liou et al.), 4,288,858 (Merola et al.), 4, 674,125 (Carlson et al.), 4,849,922 (Riolfo), 5,053, 985 (Friedlander et al.), and 4,449,194 (Wilhelm).
Various "fast" algorithms have been proposed in the past. Some of the more well-known in the art are disclosed in the following articles:
"A fast recursive algorithm . . . " published in the IEEE Transactions: Acoustic, Speech, Signal Processing, Vol. ASSP-35 on pages 1455-1461 in October 1987 and authored by H. S. Hou;
"A fast computational algorithm for the discrete cosine transform" published in the IEEE Transactions: Communication, vol. COM- 25 on pages 1004-1009 in September 1977 and authored by W. H. Chen, C. H. Smith and S. C. Fralick;
"A new algorithm to compute the discrete cosine transform" published in the IEEE Transactions: Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing, vol. ASSP- 32 on pages 1243-1245 in December 1984 and authored by B. G. Lee.
Though these fast transforms have been implemented in hardware, the efficiency is reduced by architectural implementation and design constraints. Some factors retarding their functionality are large numbers of multipliers, latency and limitation on transform size N.
The prior art devices do not simultaneously produce both DCT and DST signals. In the past to provide DCT and DST a transposition was required. A single design for a transform processor wherein implementation in either lattice structure or infinite impulse response (IIR) filter structure has yet to be proposed. In past designs, the interconnections were global, not local, for optimal VLSI design. The past architectures have some limitations to the number of N-point data. The time-recursive nature of discrete sinusoidal transforms (DXT) was not used in the design and implementation of prior art devices.
In real-time signal processing applications, especially in speech and image communications and radar/sonar signal processing, input data arrives serially. In prior art fast Fourier transforms (FFT) based algorithms, serial data is buffered and then transformed using FFT scheme of complexity O(N log N), where is O is the order of complexity and N is the transform size. Buffering the data requires O(N) time. In the prior art, "fast" algorithm based architectures required O(log N) time using O(N log N) hardware. This increases complexity of the processor, reduces effectiveness of VLSI design implementation and slows down overall transform speed.
In recent years visualized communications have become an expanding market, due to recent advances of video/image data compression and maturity of very large scale integrated (VLSI) technology. Digital processing of video signals has come of age and their applications related to video signal processing such as video phone, high definition television (HDTV), video conferencing, and multimedia are of great interest.
In the field of digital video and its applications, various groups have been working on standardizing and simplifying the art. Many options have been proposed by the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG)) , the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT) , and the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). None of the techniques proposed performed as well as the market needs.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention may be implemented in either lattice structure (1) or IIR filter structure (2). The two structures are similar in every detail except were a lattice module is located, it is replaced by an IIR filter. The equivalent IIR is derived using the transfer function of the specific lattice structure. The transfer functions of various discrete transforms may be generalized and used to implement a universal filter module. The configuration of the architecture is dependent upon user requirements. In time-recursive lattice architecture, two transforms called dual generated pairs, are obtained simultaneously. The result is providing both DCT and DST simultaneously. A systematic approach to derive the time-recursive unified filter architecture for any discrete transform is disclosed. The resulting unified filter architectures have similar second order autoregressive structure with minimum number of multipliers. This time- recursive technique may be generalized to multi- dimensional transforms by using only a one- dimensional transform architecture and simple shift registers. The resulting design is asymptotically optimal in speed and area.
The present invention uses a 1-D transform processor as a building block for obtaining various transform processors. The 1-D DCT/DST Lattice structure (as shown in FIG. 3) comprises read only memory (ROM) (10 and 20), adders (30), shift register (40), latches (50 and 60) and feedback loops. The two output signals at nodes (2) and (3) are DCT and DST respectively of the input signal applied to node (1). The ROMs are used for both implementing the algorithm and multiplication functions. Clocking is provided so that computations are performed on both phases. The IIR filter equivalent can be obtained by replacing the lattice array with a filter array.
The present invention provides a universal transform processor using at least one 1-D transform processor to produce N dimensional transforms without transposition. The present invention also provides a fully pipelined structure with a throughput of N clock cycles for N X N successive serial inputs as well as parallel or serial outputs. Additionally, both DST and DCT are produced simultaneously.
The present invention merges buffering and transform operations into a single unit of total hardware complexity O(N). Therefore the present architecture needs only a constant time with O(N) hardware. The present architectures generate time-recursive transforms, not limited to block transforms. Further, unlike FFT's, the present invention has only local interconnections and thus, is better suited for VLSI design.
The present invention may be implemented to efficiently perform functions using only two one dimensional DCT processors with throughput rate of N clock cycles for N X N successive input data frames without boundary on N.
The present invention allows a family of sinusoidal transforms to be implemented in hardware and fabricated in VLSI with real time processor speed. Other objects and features of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIGS. 1a and lb are block diagrams showing a universal lattice module constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a universal IIR filter module constructed in accordance with an alternate embodiment of the invention;
FIGS. 3a through 3f are diagrams and schematics showing building blocks of a lattice module with clocks;
FIG. 4 is a graph of voltages v. time which illustrates ROM performance;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing Lattice Array Block O;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the structure for Lattice Array Block, where i=1,2,3, ... , n-1;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a lattice module for 3-D analysis;
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of the architecture for a frame- recursive 3- D DCT transform;
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of the architecture for a 3-D DCT transform;
FIG. 10 is a graphical representation of a time-recursive based 3- D transform;
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a configuration of a direct form filter 3-D block DCT transform;
FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a 2-D DXT transform;
FIGS. 13a and 13b are block diagrams of basic building structure of a moving frame DXT transform;
FIGS. 14a and 14b are block diagrams of basic structures of a block DXT transform;
FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a parallel IIR filter structure for 1-D DXT transform;
FIG. 16 is a block diagram of an IIR filter structure for DCT and DST
transforms;
FIG. 17 is a block diagram of an IIR filter structure for a DHT and DFT transforms;
FIG. 18 is a block diagram of an IIR filter structure for LOT and LCT transforms;
FIG. 19 is a block diagram of an IIR filter structure for real operation of LOT and CLT transforms;
FIG. 20 is a block diagram of a IIR filter structure for an IDCT transform;
FIG. 21 is a block diagram of a IIR filter structure for an IDST transform; and
FIG. 22 is a block diagram of a filter structure for a IDCLT transform.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Parallel 1-D DCT/DST Lattice Structure
A new scheme employing a time-recursive approach is presented. Since data arrives serially, in digital signal transmission, the orthogonal transforms are considered from a time-recursive point of view, instead of an entire block of data at a time. This is denoted as X.sub. c (k,t) and X.sub.s (k,t) as the DCT and DST of a data sequence. The time- recursive relation for the new transforms Xc(k,t+1) and Xs(k,t+1) in terms of the previous transforms X.sub.c (k,t) and X.sub.s (k,t) are given by: ##EQU1## The lattice module manifesting this approach is shown in FIG. 1, for k=0,1,2, ... , N-1. It should be noted that the transform domain data X(k,t) has been decomposed into N disjoint components that use similar lattice modules with different multipliers coefficients in them. This structure requires 6N-8 multipliers and 5N-1 adders. The total computational time is N clock cycles. It is important to note that the transformed data of subsequent input vectors may be generated every clock cycle.
Distributed-Arithmetic based Implementation
Since the lattice module is the most important component in DCT/DST lattice structures, this discussion will focus on the VLSI implementation of the lattice module. Every lattice module in the DCT/DST structure is a modified normal form digital filter, which has the least roundoff noise and is less sensitive to coefficient inaccuracy. In the following discussion we will use an 8-point DCT with 8-bit input signals and 12-bit output signals using two's complement binary number system as an example.
The distributed-arithmetic scheme our VLSI implements was first disclosed in two publications "VLSI implementation of 16×16 Discrete Cosine Transform," published in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, vol. 36, No. 4 on pages 610-617 in April 1989 and "Application of Distributed Arithmetic to Digital Signal Processing- Tutorial Review," published in IEEE ASSP Magazine on pages 4-19 in July 1989. Multiplication results stored in ROM are computed using double precision numbers on a SUN workstation. Using this realization, roundoff errors due to multiplication are minimized since distributed-arithmetic, transforms explicit multiplication into implicit multiplication. Therefore, system errors are due to the quantization errors resulting from finite precision implementation and addition operations. Under the 12-bit two's complement realization, root mean square (RMS) error values are approximately 40 dB, which is satisfactory for most applications.
One way to implement the lattice module is to realize two multipliers with same input by one ROM, Using this method, the ROM size of each lattice array is 13824 bits and the number of adders needed is 10. When the number of bits of the input signal is reduced, ROM size is reduced but the number of adders is increased. The adder is a 12-bit carry look- ahead full adder/subtracter which is constructed using three 4-bit carry look-ahead adders. Since ROMS need less area than general purpose multipliers and can achieve a higher speed, circuit implementations using this approach can be used for very high speed video signal processing.
Design of the Building Blocks
Turning now to FIG. 3a, the main building blocks of the lattice structure, ROMs 10 and 20, adders 30, shift registers 40, and latches 50 are illustrated. These components will be described individually in this section. The critical path in the lattice modules is the feedback loop which includes one ROM and three adders. A traditional two-phase clocking scheme would use one phase to perform these computations and a second phase to latch the results. In order to make the two phases of the clock more symmetric, computations are performed on both phases of the clock. As shown in FIG. 3a, one addition and a ROM lookup is performed during the first phase and two additions are performed during the second phase. Intermediate results are stored in half-latches as described below.
ROM Implementation
The main component of the distributed-arithmetic based lattice structure is ROMs 10 and 20. Most existing ROMs are implemented based on a precharge concept, that is, the bit lines are precharged high during a precharge phase, and then selected word lines discharge some of the bit lines according to coefficients stored during an evaluation phase. In order to reduce ROM access time, a specific ROM design is used. FIG. 3b shows the detail of each cell in the ROM. An invertor with a feedback transistor and a transmission gate controlled by phase &rgr;.sub.1 is used as a sense amplifier at the output of the bit-lines. The bit lines are precharged to an intermediate voltage between ground (GND) and a predetermined voltage (Vdd). N-channel transistors are used to either charge bit line from this intermediate voltage to Vdd-Vt or discharge it to GND, during the evaluation phase. In this scheme, the array is fully populated, whereby the number of n-channel transistors in the array is MN, where M is the number of word lines and N is the number of bit lines. A `zero` is stored at a particular location, by connecting the n- channel transistor at that location to Vdd; a `one` is stored by connecting the transistor to GND. The cell size is only 13&lgr;× 16&lgr;.
In the distributed-arithmetic scheme, multiplication of a 12- bit input number with a 12-bit sine or cosine coefficient is performed by two ROMs 10 and 20, each with 6-bit inputs and two adders. This reduces chip area needed to implement multiplication with fixed coefficients. The ROM includes two 6-bit decoders and two small ROMs. This 12-bit input is divided into two parts; the most significant 6-bits of the input are used to generate the coefficients for small ROM1 and the least significant 6- bits are used for small ROM2. The final result of the multiplication is obtained by adding the outputs of small ROM1 with a shifted version of the outputs of small ROM2.
Only the most significant 7-bit result of the multiplication is stored in ROM2. The sizes of small ROM1 and ROM2 are 64 words by 24 bits and 64 words by 14 bits, respectively.
In order to improve ROM access time, each 6-bit decoder is implemented as a tree consisting of two 3-bit decoders and a linear array of 64 AND gates. The delay time for this 6-bit decoder is 8.55 ns, while a straight- forward implementation would have a delay of 20.40 ns. The outputs of the 64 AND gates form the word lines of the ROM array. The logical layout of the 6-bit decoder is shown in FIG. 3c. The physical size of the final ROM is 1292&lgr;×1646&lgr; which is much smaller than the area need by a general purpose multiplier. The total ROM access time is 20 ns.
Adders
Since lattice modules are implemented based on a word-serial bit- parallel approach, high-speed bit-parallel adders are necessary. A 12- bit carry lookahead adder was built using three 4-bit carry lookahead adders. Two large invertors are placed at the outputs of the adders to supply sufficient drive capability. The physical size of the 12-bit adder is 1022&lgr;×256&lgr; and has a propagation delay of 18 ns.
Shift Registers and Latches
There are two kinds of latches 50 and one shift register 40 in the circuit. One of the latches is the half-latch which is controlled by phase &PHgr;.sub.2 and is used to store intermediate results obtained from the adders. The logical representation of the 12-bit half-latch is depicted in FIG. 3c. The other latch is the reset controlled half-latch located in the feedback loop. Its logical circuit is shown in FIG. 3d. When a reset signal goes low, outputs from ROM2 and ROM3 are set to zero. The shift register located at the input stage of the system is a regular two phase shift register which delays the input sequence by eight clock cycles.
Control Unit
One reset control signal and two clock phases &PHgr;.sub.1 and . PHI.. sub.2 are required in this system. Phase &PHgr;.sub.1 is used to latch the computational results from one adder and the ROM, while phase . PHI..sub. 2 is used to latch results from the remaining adders. Since propagation delay times for the ROM and adder are approximately the same, we may make both clock phases as depicted in FIG. 3e. The reset signal is active low. One of the attractive features of this chip is the very simple control signals used. No additional logical control circuitry is needed in the design,
Chip Realization and Simulations
Having realized the symbolic layout of the individual blocks, the next issue is to integrate all of these components efficiently. This includes three ROMs, eleven adders, four half-latches, two reset controlled half- latches and one shift register. ROM2 and ROM3 are rotated by 90 and 270 degrees respectively to simplify inter-component routing. The chip accepts 8-bit input signals and produces 12-bit DCT and DST coefficients every 100 ns. The physical layout of the lattice module chip is depicted in FIG. 3f. There are 18000 transistors in the chip, most of which are used in the three fully-populated ROMs. The total size of the active circuitry is 5400&lgr;×3400&lgr;. This is fabricated in a die of size 6800&lgr;×4600&lgr; and packaged in a 40-pin chip.
Both logical and timing simulations were performed on this chip. From the simulation results, the word length of the ROM must be at least 9 bits to ensure that the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is greater than 40 Db. To reduce errors due to recursive computations, the word length of the ROM is increased to 12 bits. IRSIM is used to perform logic simulations on the layout of the chip. The results from IRSIM were compared with the DCT and DST of the same input sequence obtained from a C program written on a SUN workstation. The results are accurate up to the least significant bit of the 12-bit representation. The SNR of this computation, from simulations, is about 41 dB, which is satisfactory for image an video processing applications. SPICE simulations indicate that the worst case rise and fall time for the ROM bit-lines are 8 ns and 9 ns respectively. FIG. 4 shows the timing simulation for the entire ROM which includes the decoder, cell array, and sense amplifier.
Results
The algorithm and architecture were successfully implemented in the first chip that may generate the 1-D DCT and DSCT simultaneously. The implementation of the lattice module used a distributive arithmetic method with a data rate of 116 Mb/s under 2 &mgr;m CMOS technology. Fabricating using &PHgr;.8 &mgr;m technology will result in a data rate of 320 Mb/s. These results clearly show that VLSI implementation of the present invention is very practical and functional for real-time image processing. Further, Table 2, located below shows a comparison of the Liu- Chiu1 and Lui-Chui2 SIPO and SISO architectures to well known prior hardware implementations of "fast" algorithms. The Lui-Chiu1 and Lui- Chui2 are simply the FIG. 3a implementation with SIPO and SISO I/O configurations. The present invention architecture using time-recursive algorithms provides a substantial increased in flexibility and integration.
TABLE 1
______________________________________
Technology 2-&mgr;m double metal CMOS
Core size 5.6 × 3.4 mm.sup.2
Die size 6.8 × 4.6 mm.sup.2
Total no. of transistors
18,000
Active signal pads
39
Speed 14.5 MHz
______________________________________
TABLE 2
_________________________________________________________________________ _
Liu-Chiu1
Liu-Chiu2
Chen et al.
Lee Hou
_________________________________________________________________________ _
No. of 6N - 4
4N Mn(N) (N/2)1n(N) N - 1
Multipliers -3N/2 + 4
latency
N 2N N/2 [1n(N)(1n(N) - 1)]/2
3N/2(order)
limitation on
no no power of 2
power of 2 power of 2
transform size
communication
local local global
global global
I/O operation
SIPO SISO PIPO PIPO SIPO
_________________________________________________________________________ _
Lattice Structure for Discrete Sinusoidal Transforms
The time-recursive approach has been shown to be effective in both hardware and computational complexity for the computation of discrete sinusoidal transforms (DXT) of time series input data streams. This approach will be extended to problems of computing the discrete fourier transform (DFT), lapped orthogonal transform (LOT), and the complex lapped orthogonal transform (CLT). Further, a unified view of lattice structures for time recursive approach will be disclosed.
The discrete sinusoidal transform DXT of a data sequence of length N at time t is denoted as: ##EQU2## where P.sub.n-t (k) are transform basis functions and C(k) are constants used for normalization. Most discrete sinusoidal transforms have dual generated pairs. The lattice structure used for generating one transform automatically generates its dual. For example the dual discrete cosine transform (DCT) is the discrete sine transform (DST). Both the transform and its dual have similar updating relations. The dual generated pairs are denoted by X.sub.xc (k,t) and X. sub.xs (k,t). The time recursive relation between X. sub.x (k,t) and X. sub.x (k,t+1) may be obtained by eliminating the effect of the first term of the previous sequence and updating the effect of the last term of the current sequence. The dual generating properties between transform pairs X.sub.xc (k,t) and X.sub.xs k,t) are given by: ##EQU3## where D.sub.c and D.sub.s are the associated cosine and sine transform kernels of the DXT with fixed index n. Coefficients e(k) and f(k) depend on the definition of the transforms and are always equal to one except for the two transforms LOT and CLT. That is, two transforms may be usually generated from each other in a lattice form as shown in FIGS. 1a and 1 b. The definition of the various discrete sinusoidal transforms and state the equations will be described below.
The one-dimensional(1-D) DCT of an input data sequence is defined as: ##EQU4## and the 1-D DST is defined as: ##EQU5##
The updated DCT and DST of the input data may be generated from X. sub. c (k,t) and X.sub.s (k,t) by the following relations: ##EQU6##
That is, the DCT and DST may be dually generated time- recursively in a lattice form.
The definition of Discrete Hartley Transform (DHT) is given by: ##EQU7##
The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of N samples is defined as: ##EQU8##
The DHT uses real expressions ##EQU9## as the transform kernel, while DFT uses the complex exponential expression ##EQU10## as the transform kernel. Since the kernel of the DHT is a summation of cosine and sine terms, the kernel may be separated into a combination of a DCT- like and a DST-like transforms as follows: ##EQU11##
The X'.sub.c (k,t) is the DCT-I and the X'.sub.S (k,t) is the DST- I. The X'.sub.c (k,t) and X'.sub.s (k,t) may be dually generated from each other with the corresponding coefficients listed in Table 3 located below. Therefore, the DCT-I and DST-I are dual pairs. From the lattice structure shown in FIG. 1, the DHTs are obtained by adding the dual pairs X'.sub.c (k,t) and X'.sub.s (k,t). The real part of the DFT is X'. sub.c (k,t) and the imaginary part is X'.sub.s (k,t).
TABLE 3
_________________________________________________________________________ _
T.sub.c T.sub.s
D.sub.c D.sub.s e(k) f(k)
_________________________________________________________________________ _
DCT/DST
cos(&pgr;k/N)
sin(&pgr;k/N)
##STR1##
##STR2##
1 1
DHT/DFT
cos(2&pgr;k/N)
sin(2&pgr;k/N)
##STR3##
0 1 1
LOT/CLT
cos(&pgr;/2N)
sin(&pgr;/2N)
##STR4##
##STR5##
exp j2&thgr;.sub. k
exp j2&thgr;.sub.k
_________________________________________________________________________ _
The Complex Lapped Transform (CLT) of 2N samples is defined as: ##EQU12##
The Lapped Orthogonal Transform (LOT) of 2N samples is defined as: ##STR6##
Since the LOT is obtained from the even and odd value of k, we focus on the dual generation for the CLT only. An Auxiliary Complex Transform (ACLT) of 2N samples may be defined as: ##EQU13##
Then, the CLT and ACLT may be dually generated with the corresponding coefficients listed in table 3 above. All the transforms mentioned above may be realized by a lattice structure as shown in FIG. 1. Table 3 lists the coefficients in the unified lattice structure for different transforms.
Optimal Time Recursive Architectures
Transfer Function Approach
Input data arrive serially in most real-time signal processing applications. If we view the transform operation as a linear shift invariant (LSI) system which transforms input sequences of samples into their transform coefficients then the transform operation is similar to a filtering operation. The general approach to tackle a digital filter problem is to look at its transfer function. The transfer functions of the DXT may be derived using several approaches. We will derive them from the unified time-recursive lattice structure as shown in FIG. 1. The time difference equations, where the time index t is an integer parameter, for the dually generated pairs are:
Y.sub.xc,k (t)=e(k){T.sub.c [D.sub.c x(t)+Y.sub.xc,k (t-1)]+
T.sub.s [D.sub.s x(t)+Y.sub.xs,k (t-1)]}
and
Y.sub.xs,k (t)=f(k){T.sub.c [D.sub.c x(t)+Y.sub.xs,k (t-1)]+
T.sub.s [D.sub.c x(t)+Y.sub.xc,k (t-1)]}
where
x(t)=(-1).sup.k x(t+N)-x(t),
and y.sub.xc,k (t) and y.sub.xs,k (t) corresponds to X.sub.xc (k, t) and X.sub.xs (k,t). The z transform deduced form the above difference equations are:
Y.sub.xc,k (z)=e(k){(D.sub.c T.sub.c +D.sub.s T.sub.s)X(z)+
T.sub.c Y.sub.xc,k (z)z.sup.-1 +T.sub.s Y.sub.xs,k (z)z.sup.-1 }
and
Y.sub.xs,k (z)=f(k){(D.sub.s T.sub.c +D.sub.c T.sub.s)X(z)+
T.sub.c Y.sub.xs,k (z)z.sup.-1 +T.sub.s Y.sub.xc,k (z)z.sup.-1 }
Y.sub.xs,k (z) can be expressed in terms of Y.sub.xc,k (z) and X'(z) as: ##EQU14## it follows that the transfer function for Y.sub.c,k (z)/X(z) as: ##EQU15## Similarly, the transfer function for Y.sub.s,k (z) /X(z) is given by: ##EQU16##
From Table 3 and the transfer functions derived above, the transfer functions of different discrete sinusoidal transforms are given by: ##EQU17##
Since the size of the input data is 2N in the CLT, the updated vector is 1-z.sup.2N instead of 1-z.sup.N. The transfer function is obtained by substituting the corresponding coefficients in tables 3 through 6 resulting in: ##EQU18##
Therefore, it follows that for the LOT,
H.sub.lote (z)=even part of {H.sub.clt }
H.sub.loto (z)=odd part of {H.sub.clt }
It is known that the transfer function of these transforms are of finite impulse response. Hence, the poles in the denominator will be canceled by the zeros of ((-1).sup.k -z.sup.-N)in the nominator. It is observed that when the updating vector (1-z.sup.-N) is factored out, the basic structure of all the transforms are composed of a FIR and an IIR filter with a second order denominator and a first order numerator, therefore we are using an IIR filter to realize a FIR filter. This realization may greatly reduce hardware complexity compared with the implementation consisting of FIR structures.
The Unified IIR Filter Architectures
From the transfer functions derived above, it may be observed that the DXT may be realized using a single universal filter module consisting of a shift register array and a second order IIR filter. This structure is depicted in FIG. 2. The coefficients of the universal IIR module for different transforms are listed in Table 4, below.
TABLE 4
_________________________________________________________________________ _
k n D1 D2 N1 N2
_________________________________________________________________________ _
DCT k N 2cos(&pgr;k/N)
1
##STR7##
##STR8##
DST k N 2cos(&pgr;k/N)
1
##STR9##
##STR10##
DHT 0 N 2cos(2&pgr;k/N)
1
##STR11##
##STR12##
DFT 0 N 2cos(2&pgr;k/N)
1
##STR13##
##STR14##
CLT 0 2N
exp j2&thgr;.sub.k
exp j4&thgr;.sub.k
sin(&pgr;/4N).sup.2
(-1).sup.k sin(&pgr;/4N)
2cos(&pgr;/2N)
exp j&thgr;.sub.k
cos(&pgr;/4N) exp j4&thgr;.sub.k
_________________________________________________________________________ _
It should be noted that the DCT and the DST share the same denominator and may be simultaneously generated using an IIR filter structure with three multipliers as depicted in FIG. 16. Compared with the lattice structure for the DCT and DST, the IIR realization requires only half as many multipliers. The difference is that the IIR structure implements the denominator of the transfer function in a direct form, while the lattice structure implements the poles in a normal form. It may also be observed that a single unified filter structure may be used to generate both the DHT and the DFT. This structure is depicted in FIG. 17.
The IIR filter architecture for the LOT and CLT is shown in FIG. 18. In the following it is shown how to realize the CLT using real operations. The definition of the CLT may be rewritten as: ##EQU19##
If we define another transform with basis functions only length N, ##EQU20## then the CLT may be expressed in the form of: ##EQU21##
This leads to the CLT architecture as shown in FIG. 19 in which the t. sub.mm are generated by using the DCT and DST dual generating circuit as depicted in FIG. 16. The number of multipliers and adders required for these IIR filter structures are summarized in Table 5, below.
TABLE 5
______________________________________
TRANSFORMS MULTIPLIERS ADDERS
______________________________________
DCT 2N - 2 3N + 2
DST 2N - 2 3N + 2
DHT 2N 3N + 1
DFT 3N - 2 3N + 1
LOT* 4N 4N
CLT* 4N 4N
DCT and 3N - 3 4N + 2
DST
DHT and 3N - 2 4N + 1
DFT
______________________________________
The architecture to generate 1-D DXT is depicted in FIG. 15. This parallel structure consists of a shift register array of size N, two adders, and N IIR filter modules. Two sets of inputs x(t+N)-x(t) and - x(t+N)-x(t) are generated for the even and odd filter modules respectively. When a new datum x(t) arrives, a new set of transform coefficients are obtained in O(1) time, therefore the throughput rate is O(1).
Architectures for Inverse Transforms
Inverse transforms are important in retrieving original information in digital communication systems. The inverse DHT and DFT are given by: ##EQU22## We observe that the transfer function of the inverse DHT(IDHT) is exactly the same as its forward transform. The transfer function of the inverse DFT(IDFT) is given by: ##EQU23## which is same as the DFT except that the imaginary part is negated. Therefore, the IDHT and IDFT may be realized by using the same architecture as those depicted in FIG. 17 except that an invertor is added at the output of the ImX.sub. f (k,t).
The inverse DCT and DST (IDCT and TDST) are defined as follows: ##EQU24## Because C(k)is inside the transform, the architectures require some modification. Since C(k)=1 except for k=0 or k=N, we can rewrite the expression as: ##EQU25## It should be observed that the first part of the above equation is of the same form as that of DCT except for the leading constant coefficients C(k). Hence, the transfer function of the IDCT is that of the DCT plus one delay term specified as follows: ##EQU26## This implies that the IDCT may be implemented by using the same architecture as the DCT and adding the compensated term ##EQU27## The architecture is shown in FIG. 20. Similarly, the IDST may be rewritten as: ##EQU28## whose transfer function is ##EQU29## The architecture for IDST is shown in FIG. 21.
The Inverse Complex Lapped Transform (ICLT) of samples is defined as: ##EQU30## The architecture of the IDCLT is depicted in FIG. 22. From the previous derivation, it may be seen that the inverse transforms may be obtained by using the same architectures of the forward transforms with one additional branch of multiplier.
Theoretical Basis
The basis functions of all the discrete sinusoidal transforms mentioned above corresponds to a set of orthogonal polynomials. One of the important characteristics of orthogonal polynomials is that any three consecutive polynomials are related by the Fundamental Recurrence Formula given by:
P.sub.n (k)=(k-c.sub.n)P.sub.n-1 (k)-&lgr;.sub.n P.sub.n-2 (k).
The discrete transforms discussed in the previous section satisfy a simpler version of the recurrence relation. More precisely, the parameters c.sub.n and &lgr;.sub.n are independent of n and the basis function P.sub.n (k)is periodic in n and k of period N. In these cases, the Fundamental Recurrence Formula may be rewritten as:
P.sub.n (k)=(k-c)P.sub.n-1 (k)-&lgr;P.sub.n-2 (k), n=0,1, . . . ,N- 1, k=0,1,2, . . . ,N-1.
For different discrete sinusoidal transforms, the corresponding parameters k, c, &lgr; in the Fundamental Recurrence Formula are stated in Table 6, below.
TABLE 6
_________________________________________________________________________ _
k c Å P.sub.0
P.sub.-1
P.sub.N-1
P.sub.N
_________________________________________________________________________ _
DCT 2 cos(&pgr;k/N)
0 1 cos(&pgr;k/2N)
P.sub.0
(-1).sup.k P.sub.0
P.sub.0
DST 2 cos(&pgr;k/N)
0 1 sin(&pgr;k/2N)
-P.sub.0
-(-1).sup.k P.sub.0
P.sub.0
DHT 2 cos(2&pgr;k/N)
0 1 1 cos(2&pgr;k/2)
P.sub.-1
1
sin(2&pgr;k/N)
DFT 2 cos(2&pgr;k/N)
0 1 1 cos(2&pgr;k/2)
P.sub.-1
1
-j sin2&pgr;k/N)
CLT exp -j2&thgr;.sub.k
0 exp -j4&thgr;.sub.k
1 exp j2&thgr;.sub.k
(-1).sup.k
(-1).sup.k j
2 cos(&pgr;/2N) cos(&pgr;/2N)
sin(&pgr;/2N)
j exp j2&thgr;.sub.k
_________________________________________________________________________ _
Lemma 1: For all discrete transforms whose basis functions satisfy the Fundamental Recurrence Formula, the z-transform of the basis functions {P. sub.n (k)} may be expressed as a rational function with a second order denominator that is the characteristic equation of the Fundamental Recurrence Formula.
Proof: Since any P.sub.n (k) depends only on the previous two terms, the first two polynomial terms, P.sub.-1 (k) and P.sub.-2 (k), uniquely specify the entire set of basis functions.
Applying a z transform on index n to both sides of the Fundamental Recurrence Formula and ##EQU31## factoring out P(z,k), we obtain: ##EQU32## Because of the second-order recurrence relation, the denominators of the z-transform of the basis functions are second-order polynomials in z.
The characteristic equation of the Fundamental Recurrence Formula is obtained by solving the homogeneous solutions of the difference equation. The homogeneous equation is given by:
P(z,k)=(k-c)P(z,k)z.sup.-1 -&lgr;P(z,k)z.sup.-2.
Combining both sides of the equation, we have:
P(z,k)z.sup.-2 (&lgr;-(k-c)z+z.sup.2)=0.
Since P(z,k) does not equal to zero, we have that (&lgr;-(k- c) z+z. sup.2) equals to zero and hence the characteristics equation is (. lambda. -(k-c)z+z.sup.2), which is the denominator.
The transfer function of the discrete transforms (DXT) may be rewritten as: ##EQU33## Performing the z-transform on the index t on both sides of the above equation, we have: ##EQU34## which is the z- transform of the basis orthogonal polynomials with index z replaced by z. sup.-1 and multiplied by C(k)z.sup.-(N-1). That is, the transfer function of the discrete transform may also be expressed as a rational function with a second order denominator: ##EQU35## Here we illustrate another way to derive the transfer function of the discrete sinusoidal transforms. Substituting the coefficients listed in Tables 5 and 6, we obtain the transfer functions derived above.
Lemma 2: To compute the discrete sinusoidal transforms time recursively, we have to factor out the updating component (1-z.sup.-N) or (1+z.sup.-N) in the filter realization. There exists an updating component (1+z.sup.-N) or (1-z.sup.-N) in the nominator of the transfer function of the discrete sinusoidal transform, if and only if the boundary conditions of the basis function satisfy P.sub.0 -+P.sub.N and P. sub.-1 =+P.sub.N-1.
Proof: If the updating vector can be realized by (1+z.sup.-N) or (1-z. sup.-N), then the nominator must contain the factor (1+z.sup.-N) or (1-z. sup.-N). That is, the nominator can be expressed as:
&lgr;P.sub.N-1 (k)-P.sub.N (k)z.sup.-1 -&lgr;P.sub.-1 (k)z. sup. - N +P.sub.0 (k)z.sup.-(N+1) =(1.+-.z.sup.-N)(a+bz.sup.-1),
since it is a (-N-1) degree polynomial. By expanding the right side of the above equation, we have:
&lgr;P.sub.N-1 (k)-P.sub.N (k)z.sup.-1 -&lgr;P.sub.-1 (k)z. sup. - N
+P.sub.O (k)z.sup.-(N+1) =a+bz.sup.-1 .+-.az.sup.-N .+-.bz.sup.- N- 1,
it follows that:
a=.-+.&lgr;P.sub.-1 (k)=&lgr;P.sub.N-1 (k)
b=.-+.P.sub.0 (k)=-P.sub.N (k),
and
P.sub.0 (k)=.+-.P.sub.N (k)
P.sub.-1 (k)=.-+.P.sub.N-1 (k).
This proves the necessary condition. If P.sub.0 -+P.sub.N and P. sub.- 1 =+P.sub.N-1, then the nominator becomes: ##EQU36## which means the nominator contains the factor (1+z.sup.-N). Lemma 3: All the transforms that satisfies Lemma 1 and Lemma 2 can be realized by an updating FIR filter with transfer function (1-z.sup.-N) or (1+Z.sup.-N), and an IIR filter with second order denominator and first order nominator whose coefficients are dependent on) &lgr;(k-c), P.sub.0 and P.sub.-1. Proof: If Lemma 1 and Lemma 2 are satisfied, the transfer function may be expressed as: ##EQU37## Therefore, the transform may be realized by the filter structure as shown in FIG. 2. The coefficients are:
D1=(k-c)
D2=&lgr;
N1=&lgr;P.sub.N-1
N2=-P.sub.N
Lemma 3 implies that if a transform may be computed time- recursively, a maximum of four multipliers required to realize the transform. FIG. 2 shows a good example of this case. Lemma 4: For the discrete sinusoidal transforms, the roots of the characteristic equating belong to the set of the root of 1+z.sup.-N.
Proof: Since the discrete sinusoidal transform is FIR in natural, the roots of the denominators should be canceled by the zeros of the nominator. In general, the roots of the denominator are complex conjugate poles because of (k-c).sup.2 -4&lgr; < O. Therefore, the poles should be canceled by the zeros of the (1+z.sup.-N), and the roots of the denominators are: ##EQU38## All the discrete sinusoidal transforms listed in Table 4 satisfies Lemmas 1 through 4. Therefore, these transforms may be computed time recursively and may be realized by a FIR filter with transfer function (1+z.sup.-N) and an IIR filter with second order polynomials. These facts support the results obtained above. Lemma 5: If two transforms can be dually generated, then they share the same autoregressive model in their IIR filter structure.
Proof: The basis polynomial p.sub.n and q.sub.n of the dual generated transform pairs satisfy the following equations:
p.sub.n =D.sub.xo p.sub.n-1 +D.sub.xs q.sub.n-1
q.sub.n =D.sub.xc q.sub.n-1 -D.sub.xs p.sub.n-1
Since p.sub.n and q.sub.n are dually generated and from (64), they have the same characteristic equation. That is:
I-Az.sup.-1 =0
where: ##EQU39## As shown in Lemma 1, the roots of the denominators are the roots of the characteristics equation. Since p.sub. n and q.sub.n have the same characteristic equation, they have the same denominator. Hence, both transforms have identical poles, and as a result, the same autoregressive filter form.
EXAMPLE 1
The DCT and DST are dual generated transform pairs and share the same second order denominator.
The DCT and DST satisfy: ##EQU40## it follows that: ##EQU41## The poles are the root the following equation, which is the same as the characteristic equation derived from the Lemma 1. This is why the CT, DST and DFT, DHT are the same second order autoregressive structure. From
Lemma 3, it is noted that a maximum of 4N multipliers is required to realize the transform. Due to &lgr;=1 and P.sub.N =+P.sub. N- 1 for the case of the DCT and ST, we may see that 2N multipliers for the DCT and DST is minimum for this realization. Based on Lemma 5, we may combine the denominator together for the dual generation of DCT and DST. This gives an average 1.5N multipliers to realize the DCT or DST. We believe that this is the best we can achieve for real time computation.
Unified Time-Recursive Based Multi-dimensional Discrete Sinusoidal Transforms
Multi-dimensional transforms provide powerful tools for multi- dimensional signal processing. Some of the important applications are in the areas of signal reconstruction, speech processing, spectrum analysis, tomography, image processing, and computer vision. Specifically, in multispectral imaging, interframe video imaging, and computer tomography, we have to work with three or higher dimensional data. It is difficult to generalize the existing fast 1-D algorithms to 3-D or higher dimensional transforms. However, the time-recursive concept may be extended to multi- dimensional transforms resulting in architectures that are simple, modular, and hence suitable for large scale integration (LSI) implementation. The 3-D CT is very useful in processing interframe video imaging data, we first describe the filter architecture for the 3- D DCT, and then generalize it to any multi-dimensional sinusoidal transform.
Time-Recursive Structures for 3-D DCT
The basic concept of time-recursive computation is to compute the new transform at time (t+1) based on the transform at time t. The operations may be divided into two parts, one consists of computing the difference of the input data between time t and (t+1) and the other consists of performing the recursive updating. Looking at the basic architecture of computing 1-D DXT as shown in FIG. 2, the basic structure consists of three components: shift registers, adders, and IIR arrays. The shift register is used to store the input data from x(t) to x(t+N); adders are used to compute the difference data x(t) and x(t+N) and the IIR arrays are used to perform the computation recursively. It may be shown that the d-D DXT may be computed by using d blocks consisting of shift registers, adders, and filter arrays, each performing the time- recursive computation along a dimension.
For 1-D time-recursive DXT, the input data window is moved one sample at a time. That is, the input data vector at time t is given by the vector, and at time (t+1) the input data consists of the vector. The time- recursive relation for the 2-D transforms is based on updating the input data row by row. The input data sequences for time-recursive 3-D transforms are as shown in FIG. 10. Here, it is assumed that input data is updated frame by frame in the third axis n.sub.3, that is, the range of the input data x(n.sub.1 n.sub.2, n.sub.3) is {n.sub.1 =0, . . . ,N-1; n.sub.2 =0, . . . ,N-1;n.sub.3 =0,1,2, . . . }. The input data frame x(n. sub.1, n.sub.2,t) for a specific index t as the t.sub.th frame input data. The 3-D DCT of the t the frame input data is defined as: ##EQU42## The 3- D DCT of the (t+1) frame input data {n.sub.1 =0, . . . , N-1;n.sub. 2 =0, . . . ,N-1;n.sub.3 =t+1, . . . ,t+N.} is: ##EQU43## The concept of time- recursive approach is to update the 3-D DCT of the (t+1) frame input data based on X.sub.c,(k.sub.1,k.sub.2,k.sub.3,t). The time- recursive relations between the 3-D DCT X.sub.c,(k.sub.1,k.sub.2,k.sub.3, t+1) of the (t+1) t.sub.th input frame and the 3-DCT X.sub.c,(k.sub.1,k. sub.2,k. sub.3,t)of the t.sub.th input frame are: ##EQU44## Here we introduce another 3-D transform X.sub.c.spsb.2.sub.s (k.sub.1,k.sub.2,k. sub.3,t) defined as: ##EQU45## A similar relation exists between the updated transform X.sub.c.spsb.2.sub.s (k.sub.1,k.sub.2,k.sub.3,t+1) and the previous transform X.sub.c.spsb.2.sub.s (k.sub.1,k.sub.2,k.sub.3,t), that is: ##EQU46## where t.sub.&Dgr; in X.sub.c.spsb.2 [k.sub.1,k.sub. 2,t. sub.&Dgr; ] implies that the input data (here we denote as &Dgr; (t+N, t)) of the 2-D DCT are based on difference of two frames and . DELTA.(t+ N, t) is given by:
&Dgr;(t+N,t)=(-1).sup.k.sbsp.3 x(n.sub.1,n.sub.2,t+N)-x(n.sub. 1, n. sub.2,t),
which is a 2-D data frame obtained from the difference between the (t+ N) t.sub.th and the t.sub.th input data frames as shown in FIG. 10. This is the first part of the time-recursive computation. The 2-D DCT X.sub.c. spsb.2 (k.sub.1,k.sub.2,&Dgr;(t+N,t)) may be rewritten as: ##EQU47## above equation suggests that the 2-DCT of each frame may be computed first and stored in a shift register array of size (N+1)xN.sup. 2. The difference between the 2-D DCT of the t.sub.th frame and (t+N)th frame is then computed. Equations indicate that the 3-D DCT may be generated by feeding the 2-D DCT of the updating vector into a lattice module as shown in FIG. 12. The size of the shift register in the lattice module is N.sup. 2 because for a specific k.sub.3 there are N.sup. 2 values (k.sub.1 =0, .. . ,N-1;k.sub.2 =0, . . . ,N-1) to be updated. A similar updating relation exists for the 2-D DCT and the 1-D DCT. The number of shift registers in the lattice module for 2-D and 1-D DCT are N and 1 respectively. In fact, any d-D DCT may be obtained from the 1-D DCT by repeated application of the above equations. Therefore, the time- recursive 3-D DCT lattice structure consists of three lattice arrays which are used to produce the 1-D, 2-D and 3-D DCT individually. The 3-D DCT may be implemented using either the lattice or the filter structures as described below.
Lattice 3-D DCT architecture
The architecture of the frame-recursive lattice 3- DCT is depicted in FIG. 8. It consists of three Lattice Array Blocks (LAB0, LAB1, LAB2) whose configurations are depicted in FIGS. 5 and 6. The lattice array LABi consists of a shift register array, two adders, and a lattice array, the shift register array is of size (N+1)xN.sup.i and is used to store intermediate values. The function of the adders is to update the effect of new data and eliminate the effect of previous data. The structure of the lattice array is shown in FIG. 7. The difference between different lattice arrays is only in the number of delays in the feedback loop. There are N.sup.i delay elements in the (i)the array.
The operation of this architecture may be viewed as follows. Input data is scanned row by row and frame by frame and sent to the first module LAB0 which generates the 1-D DCT of each row on every input frame. When the last datum of each row is available, the 1-D DCT of each input row vector is obtained. The N 1-D DCT transformed data is loaded in parallel into the second module LAB1 every N clock cycles. The LAB1 module is used to generate the 2-D DCT of each data frame. After N.sup.2 clock cycles, when the last datum of each frame arrives, the 2-D DCT of each frame is available. These values are loaded in parallel into the LAB2 module to generate the 3-D DCT recursively. The difference between the 2-D DCT of the parity of the (t+N)t.sub.th and t.sub.th frame is used as the input to the LAB2 module. There are N.sup.2 shift registers in the feedback loop of LAB2 to store the transformed data of each frame. It takes N.sup.2 cycles to finish updating a new 3-D block and this is the period required to obtain a new 2-D DCT data block. It is easy to verify that the system is fully-pipelined.
In applications where only block multi-dimensional transforms are required, the above architecture may be simplified. Intermediate values stored in shift registers are not necessary. The purpose of the shift registers is to store the current data obtained from the filter arrays, hence its size is reduced to N.sup.i for Lattice Array Block i. Since updating is unnecessary, the two adders may be eliminated. The lattice block 3-D DCT structure is shown in FIG. 9.
IIR 3-D DCT architecture
The lattice structure may be realized as directly as a digital filter by considering the transfer function of each lattice module. This approach is used to convert the time-recursive lattice 3-D DCT structure into its direct form configuration. The only difference between lattice and IIR 3-D DCT architecture is that the lattice array i is replaced by direct for filter array i. The direct form of the lattice module in FIG. 7 is depicted in FIG. 11. The size of the shift register in direct form realization is the same as that of lattice modules. The configuration of the direct form filter 3-D block DCT is depicted in FIG. 11.
Time-Recursive Structures for Multi-Dimensional DXT
The time-recursive concept is generalized to any multi- dimensional DXT and then derive the fully-pipelined block structures. Denote by the [x(n.sub.d,t)] the input data file at time t, and by [x(n. sub.d,t)] the data file at time (t+1) which is obtained by shifting [x(n. sub.d,t)] in a direction of one of the axes by one unit. For simplicity, let us assume that the data file is shifted in the direction of the last axis, n.sub.d. The d-dimensional DXT of the input data file [x(n. sub.d, t)] is defined as: ##EQU48## Here, we assume that the transform kernel P. circle..sbsb. d(k.sub.d) is separable. That is:
P○.sbsb.d(k.sub.d)=P.sub.n.sbsb.1 (k.sub.1)P.sub.n.sbsb.2 (k. sub.2) . . . P.sub.n.sbsb.d (k.sub.d).
From the analysis in above, it may be seen that the updated transform X.sub.x.spsb.d(k.sub.d,t+1) is related to the previous transform by:
X.sub.X.spsb.x K.sub.d,t+1)={X.sub.x.spsb.d (K.sub.d,t)+X.sub.x. spsb. d-1 [K.sub.d-1,&Dgr;(t+N,t)]D.sub.x (k)}T.sub.x (k),
where &Dgr;(t+N,t) is the difference between the data files at time t and (t+N) and D.sub.x (K) and &Ggr;.sub.x (k) are coefficients that depend only on the transform kernel and index k. The above equation indicates that the d-dimensional DXT may be updated recursively using the previous transformed data X.sub.x.spsb.d (k.sub.d,t) and (d-)-D DXT of . DELTA.(t+N,t). This relation may be used recursively such that any d- D DXT may be generated from the 1-D DXT using d filter blocks as shown in FIG. 12.
As described in the previous section, there are two kinds of time- recursive DXT architectures, the moving-frame 3-D DXT and the block d-D DXT. The structure of the basic building block in the moving- fame DXT is shown in FIG. 13, where the filter array may be either the lattice or the filter form. The function of each block is to shift the (d-1)- dimensional data into a data back, then distribute the difference of the first and last frame of the data back to the second stage DXT array. The dimension of the shift register array is (N+1)xN.sup.i and the delay in filter array is N.sup.i. The time required to obtain the (d- 1)- dimensional DXT is N.sup.d-1, which is also the time required to obtain the N.sup.d elements of the transformed data.
In the case of block DXT, the size of the shift register array may be reduced and adders may be eliminated because intermediate transformed data do not have to be stored, The size of the shift register array is N. sup.i. The structure of the LAB is shown in FIG. 14. The lattice array i is reset very N.sup.i+1 cycles.
Area-Time Complexity Analysis
The present invention's architecture for computing the d- dimensional transform DXT over N.sup.d points consists of d blocks, each block is composed of a shift register array followed by a one- dimensional lattice or IIR structure made up of N DXT modules. The (i)the shift register array is of size (N+1)xN.sup.i b, where 0 < i < d-1 and b is the number of bits used to represent each number. The output is generated in a shift register array of size N.sup.d b. Therefore the total number of multipliers and adders used is O(dN)=O(N), and the total amount of memory is O(N.sup.d b). The area of any chip that computes the d-dimensional DFT transform must be &OHgr;(N.sup.d b), and hence our design asymptotically optimal in its use of area. The same holds true for the remaining transforms. Further, any VLSI system that computes the d- dimensional DFT on N.sup.d points requires area A=. OMEGA.)N.sup.d b), where b is the number of bits required to represent each input number.
Therefore the present invention's design uses the least amount of memory asymptotically. The speed of the VLSI design cannot be improved asymptotically since it processes the input in real time. Hence the present invention's design is asymptotically optimal in both speed and area. | |
Additional illustrations & photos:
Daisy takes the necklace out of the box
THE NECKLACE OF HISTORY
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
Interesting fact:
Queen Elizabeth I always wore a necklace with a little perfume bottle attached everywhere she went
necklace
(Naut)
A rope or chain fitted around the masthead to hold hanging blocks for jibs and stays.
necklace
A string of beads, etc., or any continuous band or chain, worn around the neck as an ornament.
***
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
Interesting fact:
The Russian Imperial Necklace has been loaned out by Joseff jewelers of Hollywood for 1,215 different feature films.
n
necklace
Any flexible ornament worn round the neck, us one of shells, coins, beads, or flowers.
n
necklace
A band or tie for the neck, of lace, silk, or the like, worn by women.
n
necklace
A noose or halter.
n
necklace
Nautical, a chain about a lower mast, to which the futtock-shrouds were formerly secured; a strap girding a lower mast and carrying leading-blocks.
n
necklace
In ceramics, a molding or continuous ornament applied to the shoulder or neck of a vase or bottle, especially when twisted, divided into beads, or the like.
necklace
To form into a necklace; encircle or surround with, or as with, a necklace.
***
Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary
Necklace
a lace or string of beads or precious stones worn on the neck by women
***
Etymology
Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary
A.S.
hnecca
; Ger.
nacken
.
Usage
In literature:
Some of the children wore necklaces and bracelets of silver to the value of six hundred rupees.
"Celebrated Travels and Travellers" by
Jules Verne
Each time he reached the necklace he gave it another kick.
"The Pagan Madonna" by
Harold MacGrath
Some one has described the Dutch East Indies as a necklace of emeralds strung on the equator.
"Where the Strange Trails Go Down" by
E. Alexander Powell
It was late afternoon of the day on which he had bought the necklace.
"Mountain Blood" by
Joseph Hergesheimer
Cutting Off a Head for a Necklace.
"The Johnstown Horror" by
James Herbert Walker
At times a sigh made her breast heave and raised the enamels of her necklace.
"The Works of Theophile Gautier, Volume 5" by
Theophile Gautier
But the bracelet on a wrist, or the necklace round a neck, or the ring upon a finger is another matter!
"Fantômas" by
Pierre Souvestre
Why, here are enough to make twenty necklaces; and wealth means power!
"The Olive Fairy Book" by
Various
With a little shriek of joy Tephany took the necklace, and snapping the clasp ran to the mirror which hung in the corner.
"The Lilac Fairy Book" by
Andrew Lang
His beard was full and gray, and a necklace of gold coins hung down to his waist.
"The Saracen: Land of the Infidel" by
Robert Shea
And when he said that he had never had one, his wife's coronet or necklace was demanded.
"The Roman History of Ammianus Marcellinus" by
Ammianus Marcellinus
But there's something about a necklace.
"The Prisoner" by
Alice Brown
The hunter who kills him claims the necklace.
"Boy Scouts Handbook" by
Boy Scouts of America
But there was a necklace of pearls, and he thought you'd like them.
"The Seiners" by
James B. (James Brendan) Connolly
A long tress of dark hair, a white veil, a bit of flower, and a shining necklace.
"Our Moslem Sisters" by
Annie Van Sommer
Women were forbidden to wear necklaces, rings, or pins, on the Sabbath.
"Flowers of Freethought" by
George W. Foote
DAISY AND THE NECKLACE.
"Daisy's Necklace" by
Thomas Bailey Aldrich
I ask you, men, does he not deserve the necklace of leopard's claws?
"The White Chief of the Caffres" by
A.W. Drayson
She wore a necklace of many-colored gems.
"The Goddess of Atvatabar" by
William R. Bradshaw
To her the necklace was a talisman.
"The Sun Maid" by
Evelyn Raymond
***
In poetry:
A bush of hair, the brow to shade,
Sometimes the eyes to cover ;
A necklace that might be display'd
By OTAHEITEAN lover !
"Female Fashions for 1799" by
Mary Darby Robinson
On silver necklaces they strung
The light of stars, on crowns they hung
The dragon-fire, from twisted wire
The melody of harps they wrung.
"Over The Misty Mountains Cold" by
J R R Tolkien
``And soon I shall have for my nut—sweet girl,
When the May tree is adorning
Its weather—tanned skin with rows of pearl,
A new necklace, night and morning.
"An April Fool" by
Alfred Austin
This was Milanion's way (the crowd gone home,
and she, trembling to be alone with him)
pinioned his white swan there after the race
and made her thighs a necklace of his own
"The Postures Of Love" by
Alexander Comfort
My mind becomes silent.
A friend arrived and says:
"That which is good is real
it is never non-existent;
entire world preserves and cherishes it its chest
like a precious jewel in a necklace."
"Ungrateful Sorrow" by
Rabindranath Tagore
'Rings, let us say, drawn from the hapless fingers
Of some great lady, many centuries nameless,—
Or is that too sepulchral?—dulled with dust;
And necklaces that crumble if you touch them;
And gold brocades that, breathed on, fall to rust.
"The House Of Dust: Part 03: 11:" by
Conrad Potter Aiken
In news:
Regulators with the Consumer Product Safety Commission say high levels of lead, and sharp points at the ends of pendants triggered the Raymond Geddes company to recall about 155,000 of their necklaces.
weau.com
A bracelet and necklace made by Tanya White for her company Found Fusion on Sunday, November 18, 2012.
statesman.com
Amber teething necklaces are a type of jewelry designed for teething babies and toddlers to wear to ease the pain and discomfort of teething.
therolladailynews.com
Booze Craft Beer and Pretzel Necklaces Abound at Barley Bros Traveling Beer Show.
boiseweekly.com
Philip crangi sources vintage african beads for a new collection of necklaces.
men.style.com
Kathryn Smith collects prayer- bead necklaces from many different faiths.
journalgazette.net
Victoriana is a simply elegant silk cord bracelet or necklace embellished with beads.
oregonlive.com
The 27-year-old playboy prince was partying in Las Vegas over the weekend when he was caught with his pants off - and everything else - but a wristwatch and necklace.
abclocal.go.com
Burmese Ruby Necklace Tops $74 Million Hong Kong Auction.
businessweek.com
Tiffany & Co 1837 series strip pendant Necklaces [Model: TD0.
tuffstuff.com
Gift suggestions include socks, slippers, shirts, lap blankets, combs, brushes, cards, games, calendars , stuffed animals, aftershave, lotion, and necklaces.
gtweekly.com
The most common types are rings, necklaces, bracelets and earrings.
colemancdv.com
Oscar de la Renta Necklace .
allure.com
Macaroni necklaces are a serious commitment, as far as gifts go.
easthamptonstar.com
Stockton has seen a series of thefts involving gold necklaces and chains but witness tips are paying off and police have arrested two men on charges of robbery.
capradio.org
***
In science:
The Rubinstein-Duke (RD) model is in a way complementary to the necklace model.
Exact Solution for a 1-dimensional model for Reptation
The particles are called + viz. − and they hop according to the same rules as the vacancies in the necklace model model.
Exact Solution for a 1-dimensional model for Reptation
Note that the drift velocity of the RD model is twice the value of the necklace model, since there are two systems of particles moving independently.
Exact Solution for a 1-dimensional model for Reptation
We have given an exact solution for the stationary state of the necklace model introduced by Guidoni et al.
Exact Solution for a 1-dimensional model for Reptation
Part (b) gives the renewal time of the RD chain with the expression (41) deduced from the necklace model.
Exact Solution for a 1-dimensional model for Reptation
We show how a recently proposed supersymmetric quantum mechanics model leads to nontrivial results/conjectures on the combinatorics of binary necklaces and linear-feedback shift-registers.
Supersymmetry and Combinatorics
Pauli’s exclusion principle plays a crucial role: by pro jecting out certain states/necklaces, it allows to represent the supersymmetry algebra in the resulting subspace.
Supersymmetry and Combinatorics
As such the vectors of the large-N Hilbert space can be put in one-to-one correspondence with binary necklaces, with the two beads representing bosonic and fermionic matrices.
Supersymmetry and Combinatorics
However, Fermi statistics provides a welldefined “Pauli razor”, which pro jects out a subset of all binary necklaces.
Supersymmetry and Combinatorics
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how supersymmetry in our physical model gives non-trivial results on the combinatorics of binary necklaces and how, vice versa, known combinatorics results on the latter allow to determine the way supersymmetry is realized.
Supersymmetry and Combinatorics
The rest of the paper is organized as follows: in Sec. 2 we explain how single-trace states are connected to necklaces and describe how they can be enumerated taking into account Fermi statistics; the concept of Pauli allowed or forbidden necklaces is introduced together with some examples.
Supersymmetry and Combinatorics
In Sec. 3 we provide a generalization of Polya’s formula, by giving the number of forbidden necklaces with a prescribed number of bosonic and fermionic beads.
Supersymmetry and Combinatorics
Therefore our states correspond to what mathematicians define as necklaces - periodic chains made of different beads.
Supersymmetry and Combinatorics
Let us now look in more detail how the antisymmetry excludes some of the planar states/necklaces.
Supersymmetry and Combinatorics
Our problem is to find in a systematic way which necklaces and how many of them survive the Pauli principle.
Supersymmetry and Combinatorics
***
Related words
Hypernyms
(*)
jewellery
,
jewelry
Hyponyms
(*)
chain
,
choker
,
collar
,
dog collar
,
neckband
,
strand
,
string
Reverse dictionary
(*)
bead
,
beaded
,
Carcanet
,
chain
,
Chevesaile
,
choker
,
collar
,
diamond
,
dog collar
,
Fleuron
,
genus Illecebrum
,
Illecebrum
,
Jewel-case
,
jewellery
,
jewelry
,
lei
,
locket
,
mariner
,
neckband
,
necklaced
,
necklet
,
negligee
,
order
,
pendant
,
pendent
,
Penicillium
,
Raphanus
,
Rivière
,
Sankha
,
snap
,
strand
,
string
,
sultana
,
tawdry
,
thrasher
,
torque
,
tortrix
, | http://www.finedictionary.com/necklace.html |
This invention relates to exterior surfaces of buildings.
It is known to apply a resin based layer to the exterior surface of a building. The resin may have incorporated in it a filler so that when the mixture is applied to the surface of the building and the resin hardens the appearance of this resin layer depends to some extent on the nature of the filler. However, the appearance still depends to a large extent on the resin itself giving the surface an unappealing glassy appearance.
It has now been discovered that by the selection of sand as the filler, a composition can be produced which, when applied to a substrate, results in a surface finish which has no trace of the characteristic hardened resin appearance.
According to the present invention there is provided a method of making an exterior wall for a building or part thereof, the method comprising applying to a substrate a layer of a composition comprising a hardenable liquid resin in admixture with sand in order to produce a surface finish simulating stone, brick or other natural or artificial finish.
Preferably the substrate is in the form of a layer or mat of glass fibre which itself is applied to a more solid substrate such as chipboard or other support. More preferably the glass fibre is coated with resin before the resin/sand mixture is applied.
Preferably the sand is silica sand and the resin is a polyester resin which when mixed with a catalyst hardens in the usual way. If desired, one or more pigments may be added to the mixture in order to produce the desired colour shade.
- The sand resin mixture may be applied to the surface by means of, for instance, a brush, roller or a suitable spray gun.
(1) a brick finish by using a mixture of approximately 60% by volume silica sand, together with resin and a small amount of an appropriate resin colouring pigment;
(2) a mortar finish, for use together with the brickwork finish in order to produce the pointing effect, may be produced by using a mixture containing approximately 15% by volume silica sand together with resin and resin colouring pigment;
(3) a stone finish may be produced using a mixture similar to that for brick but incorporating a different coloured pigment;
(4) a slate finish may be obtained by using a mixture of approximately 30% by volume silica sand, 30% by volume plaster, the balance being resin and a small amount of pigment;
(5) a pebble dash finish may be produced by using a mixture of approximately 40% by volume silica sand in admixture with resin and a small amount of pigment. The pebbles or chippings are applied to this finish before the resin hardens and the silica sand/ resin/pigment mixture gives the realistic background appearance to the pebbles or chippings located thereon.
By way of examples, the following finishes can be obtained:-
In the case of examples (1) to (3) above the appearance is improved by applying further sand to the resin/sand layer before the resin hardens. In this way the surface will have no trace of glassy resin appearance but has a most surprisingly realistic appearance of the finish which is being simulated.
The underlying support structure for the finish may be, for instance, wood or fibre-board panels. It may also be a structure based on foamed polyurethane blocks. For instance, a wall or section of wall may be built up by means of foamed polyurethane blocks loaded in liquid form into a suitable support such as a cardboard box. The latter acts simply as a former within which the polyurethane blocks are located and onto which the fibre-glass matt and exterior finish may be applied. Within the box internal partitions may be provided in order to give the structure the desired strength.
Alternatively, or in addition, the polyurethane blocks may be encapsulated within a layered fibre-glass shell, the one or more layers of fibre-glass being impregnated with resin. For added strength at least one such resin impregnated layer may extend transversely between adjacent blocks as well as across the outer surface of any one particular block.
The present invention is particularly, but not exclusively, applicable to prefabricated buildings.
A method of constructing a prefabricated building in accordance with the present invention comprises the steps of joining together a plurality of wood or fibre-board panels to define walls of the enclosure; overlying adjacent surfaces of the panels with a continuous layer of fibre-glass; applying resin to the fibre-glass layer; and applying a finish to the resin coated fibre-glass layer, the finish being formed from a mixture of hardenable liquid resin and sand. In order to obtain a brick or stone finish a first mortar simulating layer may be applied to the fibre-glass layer. This mortar simulating layer may then be masked off to a desired pattern to form a grid defining features such as lines of pointing. A further layer is then applied over the masked off layer, the further layer comprising a mixture of synthetic resin and sand, containing a pigment to give the colouration of brick or stone. Before this further layer has fully set, the masking is removed so that the grid pattern will be revealed. This grid pattern will be recessed thereby further enhancing the realistic appearance of, for instance, lines of pointing.
It will be appreciated that a prefabricated building panel can be made in the same way.
Wood or fibre-board panels may form four inter-connected vertical walls of a rectangular enclosure, being mounted, for instance, on an angle iron frame. For smaller buildings the metal frame may be dispensed with, the walls being mounted on an angle iron base. It will be appreciated that the frame or base can be made of other materials, for instance alloy angles or members having, for instance, a U-shaped section.
A fibre-glass web may be applied to the panels so as to extend over the joints therebetween and then the resin and resin and sand layers may be applied as mentioned above.
In another application the panels may form the six inter-connected sides of a cabinet, the fibre-glass web extending over all twelve joints and the external surfaces of five of the sides being covered with a layer of synthetic resin and sand, stone chippings being applied to this layer before it is fully set. The interior surfaces of the cabinet or enclosure may be lined with a pre-formed plastics laminate. Such a cabinet may be,, for instance, a housing for an electricity or gas meter.
The wood or fibre-board panels may be natural timber or may alternatively be of semi-manufactured form such as blockboard, hardboard, plywood, chipboard or even suitably stiff cardboard or suitably resilient asbestos.
In the case where the support for the exterior finish is in the form of blocks of polyurethane foam, then a structure may be made up into building modules which are used in much the same way as traditional inidividual bricks. On the other hand, the structure may be in the form of a panel to form the whole or a substantial part of the wall of a building or part thereof.
A building or part of a building may be completed in the factory by joining together panels such as those described above. Alternatively the building may be transported from the factory to the purchaser in "knock-down" form and then assembled by the purchaser, perhaps on a building site. In this case one of two panels to be connected together may be provided with integral "kevs" extending outwardlv from the panel edge which is to abut the adjacent panel. The adjacent panel will have mating "holes" so that by aligning the panels and moving them together the keys can be inserted in the holes in order to make a connection between the two panels. Preferably the holes and the keys are shaped so that the keys have enlarged head portions and the holes, as they extend inwardly into the panel, are angled. The adjacent panels are initially moved towards each other out of alignment so that the enlarged head portions of the keys will enter the holes. The panels are then relatively displaced so as to bring them into alignment, and this action causes the head portions of the keys to slide within the angled holes and thus draw the panels together. Advantage can be .taken of this action by locating on one or both surfaces to be butted together an amount of the resin sand mixture corresponding to the mixture applied to the facing surfaces of the panels. When the panels are drawn together by the above-described action the resin sand mixture will be squeezed outwardly so as to overlie the top touching edges'of the panels. Surplus resin sand mixture may then be removed and as a result there is no trace of the join between the panels.
Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a portion of an enclosure built according to the invention, parts thereof being cut away for clarity;
Figure 2 shows a horizontal section of a portion of the enclosure shown in Figure 1;
Figure 3 shows in perspective the completed enclosure;
Figure 4 shows to an enlarged scale part of the outwardly facing surface of the enclosure;
Figure 5 shows in section part of the side of a house made in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 6 is a section through a panel formed from polyurethane blocks;
Figure 7 is a section through an alternative panel formed from polyurethane blocks; and
Figure 8 shows two panels with mating keys and holes.
The present invention will now be described, by way of examples only, and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:-
Referring tc Figures 1 to 3 of the drawings, a chipboard panel defining a wall 1 of an enclosure abuts on a second chipboard panel defining a wall 2 at right angles thereto. The resultant joint 3 extends from the inside of the angle to an outwardly facinq vertical line 4. Each of the panels is grooved along its bottom edge and in the grooves 5 are located the vertical flanges of an angle iron frame which determines the shape of the enclosure. The joint 3 is both glued and screwed or alternatively rivetted. The panels may alternatively be butt jointed and rivetted to the angle iron frame.
When the frame has been completed boarded out, the whole of the outside area is incapsulated with glass fibre matting coated with resin. This can be applied by hand or by machine. If it is desired to simulate brick or random stone or produce a similar finish, it is necessary at this stage to apply a second coat of resin but this time in admixture with sand and incorporating an appropriate pigment to obtain the colour of mortar, as described above. While the resin is still wet it is sprayed with dry sand to improve the appearance of the pointing finish.
When the resin has hardened, strips of masking tape are laid in a predetermined pattern over the entire hardened outer surface. The pattern will be a rectangular grid pattern for brickwork or a more random pattern for random stonework. To the masked off surface a mixture of polyester resin and silica sand containing brick or stone colouring pigment is then applied as a layer 7 (about A" thick) to each of the outer walls of the enclosure. Before the mixture has completely hardened, the masking tape is removed carefully.
Figure 4 shows, to an enlarged scale, a simulated brick wall produced by the method described above. The simulated lines of pointing 12 are clearly visible . where the masking tape was initially laid and the "bricks" 13 stand slightly proud (for example ⅛") from the "pointing"..
The mortar layer and the brick layer can both have sand applied thereto before the resin sets to enhance the appearance.
Finally individual bricks may be treated, for instance, by paint spraying in order to give an even more realistic appearance of bricks having slightly different colours or shades.
The inside walls of the enclosure or building may be painted with resin to form a vapour barrier before paint or a stipple finish is applied.
Referring to Figure 5, a two storey house may be constructed using modules A to I to form the walls of the house. These modules may be made from polyurethane blocks as mentioned above. Conventional foundations are first prepared and because the finished house will be relatively light in weight, the depth of concrete needed for the foundations will already constitute a saving on traditional construction methods.
Each wall of the house is constructed by laying on top of one another. In an alternative embodiment the modules are in sheet form and they are laid side by side. As Figure 1 shows, each module is separated from its surrounding modules by a relatively small but constant gap on all faces. If all these gaps are sealed with masking tape as shown in Figure 1 at j (for the exterior surface) and k (for the interior wall surface), the end gaps also being sealed, a suitable hardenable resin, matrix or similar mixture can be injected into the entire wall gap area. The mixture drives out the air from between successive modules, vents possibly being provided for this purpose. As soon as the resin has at least partly set, the masking tape is removed so that the mixture is revealed as simulated pointing inbetween successive modules. The mixture, when fully set, binds the modules firmly together and gives to the wall the necessary inherent rigidity. The "pointing" can then be masked off and a finish of resin/sand/pigment may be applied to give the desired appearance.Alternatively the finish may be applied,before the modules are assembled together
In an alternative embodiment, the modules are fixed together by means of metal or plastics brackets using nuts and bolts or screws or rivets.
As indicated in Figure 5, module A is recessed to take ground floor joists. Modules B are recessed along their bottom edges in order to incorporate pipework, cabling and ducting. Clip-on skirting boards 21 are used to cover the cabling and ducting.
In a similar way modules E and F are modified in order to accommodate the floor joists for the upper level and cabling and ducting.
The internal walls of the house could be finished with pre-formed panels or sheets. Alternatively they could be layered and trowelled with suitable mixtures to give desired decorative finishes. Alternatively the internal walls can be conventionally plastered and painted so that the entire building from within and without gives the appearance of a traditionally built house.
In an alternative embodiment, a building formed from blocks having a core of polyurethane can have their exterior surfaces treated in just the .same way as for the chipboard based structures. Thus glass fibre matting can be applied first and then.the resin sand mixtures as described above.
Referring to Figure 6, a section through a panel having a core formed from polyurethane blocks or sheets is shown. The polyurethane blocks or sheets 31 are laid on top of a layer of glass fibre mat 33 with wooden formers 35 being placed between adjacent polyurethane blocks. A further layer of glass fibre matting 37 is laid over the assembly of polyurethane blocks 31 and formers 35. Resin is applied to the glass fibre matting and the resultant panel is a strong structure suitable for the wall of a building or part thereof. A resin/sand mixture may be applied to one surface of this panel in the manner described above.
If desired, the panel may be given extra strength by incorporating ties 39 extending between the glass fibre matting layers 33 and 37. These ties may be made of, for instance, wood, metal fibre-glass and/or resin. The ties will also act to prevent delamination of the fibre-glass matting from the polyurethane block.
Further layers of fibre-glass matting may be applied, if desired.
A strong panel may be as shown in Figure 7. The panel is in this case formed by locating polyurethane blocks 41 on top of a layer of fibre-glass matting 43. A further layer of fibre-glass matting 45 is then laid over the first layer 43 and over the-blocks 41 so that this layer 45 takes up the shape illustrated in Figure 7. Further larger polurethane blocks 47 are then located between blocks 41 and over glass fibre layer 45. Finally the whole structure is overlaid with a'further glass fibre layer 49, resin being applied before and/or after to the layers 43 and 49. Because of the layer 45 extending not only longitudinally but transversely of the panel in the manner shown in Figure 7, this panel is very strong and is suitable for substantial size buildings, home extensions and the like.
Referring to Figure 8, there is shown a method of joining together two panels in order to obtain a close join without the edges of the panel being seen. This is particulary suitable for knock-down structures, in other words, in the case where the panels are to be made in the factory but then transported to the user in knock-down form, the user then assembling the structure on site. Such knock-down structures may be, for instance, storm porches, dormer windows and the like. Complete buildings may also be provided in this form.
Two panels 51 and 53 are to be joined together. Panel 51 is provided with holes 55 in surface 57 which is to abut a corresponding surface on.panel 53. Holes 55 extend inwardly into panel 51 but in a direction away from side surface 59.
Panel 53 is provided with lugs or keys 61. These lugs or keys are shaped so as to fit into holes 55. However, lugs or keys 61 are offset relative to the positions of holes 55. This is illustrated in Figure 8. The arrows showing the relative movement of the panels towards each other but slightly displaced so that the lugs will enter holes 55. When this happens the panels are then displaced laterally relative to each other so that the lugs 61 slide further into the holes 55 and the panels are drawn together. It will be seen that the relative force applied between the panels can be in a direction between the panels or laterally thereto. The result will be that the panels will come together and when the lugs 61 reach the end of holes 55 the panels will be longitudinally aligned. Resin sand mixture placed on say surface 57 will be squeezed onto the top faces 63 and 65 of the panels so as to overlie the abutting edges thereof. All that is then necessary is for surplus extruded resin/sand mixture to be removed from this edge. The result will be that the panels will be joined together without any trace of the join being visible to the eye.
While the Figure 8 embodiment relates to butt- jointed panels, it will be appreciated that the jointing may be mitred or indeed any other form of jointing. | |
It is widely acknowledged that continuing professional development plays an important part in allowing teachers to maintain excellent practice. It is important for teachers to be able to keep up to date with knowledge in their field and learn about different pedagogical approaches. However cost, time and distance act as barriers to teachers accessing CPD. As technology continues to advance there are opportunities to remove, or at least reduce, some of these barriers.
At the beginning of June The Royal Society of Chemistry launched Quantitative chemistry – the first in a new series of online courses. While an online course cannot replace face-to-face training there are a number of advantages, these include being able to dip in and out of content at your own pace and the flexibility to try out strategies and activities in your own classroom while working through the course.
The Developing expertise in teaching chemistry series will be composed of 14 courses, each one designed to consider how students’ ideas about a particular area of chemistry develop and in doing so identify and address specific student misconceptions.
Quantitative chemistry covers topics such as conservation of mass, chemical equations, understanding the mole and titrations. This course can be accessed free of charge, for a limited time, all you need to do is create a free RSC ID when prompted.
The course is proving popular with teachers in the UK and internationally. Dr Debbie Moore from Weatherhead High School described it as, “an invaluable teacher and teaching resource; easy-to-use, informative and inspiring”.
Read more: The Royal Society of Chemistry |
You need to Login or Register to bookmark/favorite this content. | https://ukedchat.com/2014/06/27/feature-the-royal-society-of-chemistry-new-online-cpd-courses-for-teachers/ |
# Amadjar
Amadjar is the eighth album by the Tuareg band Tinariwen, released in 2019. The album's title means "the foreign traveler" in the Tamashek language. The album features guest appearances by Noura Mint Seymali, Micah Nelson, Cass McCombs, Stephen O'Malley, Warren Ellis, and Rodolphe Burger. The album reached number 74 on the Ultratop albums chart in Belgium.
## Background
In 2018, Tinariwen finished an international tour in support of their previous album, Elwan. They were unable to return to their home area in northern Mali due to sectarian violence and threats from Islamist militants. The group instead decamped in Morocco and embarked on a multi-month journey through Western Sahara and Mauritania, collaborating with local musicians at several stops along the way and writing songs while camped out in the desert. Upon arriving in Nouakchott they were hosted by Mauritanian singer/griot Noura Mint Seymali and her husband Jeiche Ould Chighaly. The album was recorded outdoors in the Nouakchott area with mobile equipment, with additional overdubs recorded at studios in France and Morocco. The Guardian noted that the album's unusual genesis "places the listener entirely within the nomadic Tinariwen universe." The album's lyrics reflect the group's recent struggles in trying to return to their homeland, their journey through Western Sahara and Mauritania, and their experiences as an unlikely international touring act.
## Reception
The album received positive reviews from critics. AllMusic praised the album as "a testament to their unyielding collaborative spirit, and on this hybrid of an album, they again summon a common musical language while sounding as authentic as ever." In the words of PopMatters, "No one puts the soul of the Sahara into music so intimately and ingeniously as Tinariwen, and Amadjar is a particularly well-polished jewel." The A.V. Club said that the album is possibly the best of Tinariwen's career, as "droning songs of interlocking (and mostly acoustic) guitar come together with an appealing slowness, as if each element is steadily wandering in from the wilderness, curious about the noise and ready to join in." The Times of London described the album as having "a sound that feels ancient, empty and slightly scary." Riff Magazine praised the album as "the closest anyone will get to the true essence of what Tinariwen represent as a cultural and musical force." Glide Magazine said "Amadjar brims with a true roots essence" and "speaks of unity and togetherness, an understanding that the future needs to be fought together in community and harmony."
## Personnel
All information from album liner notes.
Ibrahim Ag Alhabib – lead vocals and lead guitar (tracks 1, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11) Abdallah Ag Alhousseyni – lead vocals and lead guitar (tracks 2, 5, 7, 12, 13), backing vocals (all tracks) Alhassane Ag Touhami – lead vocals and lead guitar (track 6), backing vocals (all tracks) Eyadou Ag Leche – bass (all tracks), guitar (tracks 4, 9), backing vocals (all tracks) Elaga Ag Hamid – guitar (all tracks), backing vocals (all tracks) Said Ag Ayad – percussion (all tracks), backing vocals (all tracks), guitar (tracks 6, 9) Noura Mint Seymali – lead vocals (track 3), ardin (tracks 2, 3, 7), backing vocals (track 7) Amar Chaoui – percussion (all tracks) Lala, Aicha – backing vocals (tracks 1, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11) Rodolph Burger – guitar (track 8) Warren Ellis – violin loops (tracks 1, 2, 8, 11, 12) Cass McCombs – guitar (tracks 9, 10), backing vocals (track 9) Micah Nelson – charango, mandolin (track 4) Stephen O'Malley – guitar (tracks 3, 10, 12) Jeiche Ould Chighaly – guitar (track 2) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amadjar |
A survey by the University of Cincinnati shows African-American adults in Greater Cincinnati are more likely than white adults to perceive their race and health insurance negatively impacted their health care treatment.
The survey found that 21 percent of African-American adults in the region think they would have received better medical care if they belonged to a different race or ethnic group, compared with only 5 percent of whites. Among African-American adults in the region, 14 percent felt they had been judged unfairly or treated disrespectfully by a doctor or medical staff member because of their race or ethnicity. This compares with about 1 percent of white adults.
"I don’t think anyone walks into a room and says, 'I’m going to treat this person differently because of how they look,'" says Harris. “But that implicit bias is there that may inform, unconsciously, how they may interact with that individual. Therefore, that trust never occurs and without that trust, that good patient-provider relationship never occurs."
Drs. Glazer and Tobias say the colleges of nursing and medicine are changing the way they admit students, taking a holistic approach that considers life experiences and other personal traits, along with test scores and other traditional factors. This approach helps create a more diverse body of students, which in turn, will diversify the health care workforce, making it more reflective of the community it serves.
The colleges also are incorporating implicit bias training into curriculum. That way, Dr. Glazer says, students can recognize their own biases and prevent them from affecting the care they provide.
"What we’re trying to do with our students is to start very early to say everybody has this, you need to recognize this within yourself … and then, here are some tools that you can have so that you’re able to address this implicit bias, so that when you come into the room and you’re interacting with a patient, you’re able to deal with your emotions prior to that and you’re able to be present – present – for that patient in that space."
Harris says health care providers have a lot of work to do to shore up disparities, but it starts with discussions at the senior level of health care organizations.
"What we’re talking about today isn’t going to end today, but we have to keep talking about it."
Listen to a full recording of the conversation at WVXU.org.
The first college in the country to offer a baccalaureate nursing degree in 1916, UC College of Nursing remains on the forefront of nursing education as a nationally recognized institution for academic standards, diversity and inclusion efforts, technology application, and research activity – all of which combine to prepare our graduates to provide the best care for patients. | https://blog.nursing.uc.edu/discussion-racial-disparities-in-health-care |
No matter what size your firm or company, you’ve certainly seen some turnover of lawyers and staff, and probably heard the common observation: “people come and go.” Within the legal profession, transitions are inevitable, and people move on.
Sometimes the departure of a key person is expected, and we have had adequate time to plan for it. A retirement might come with several years notice, after we have had enough time to create a succession plan. Other times, however, a departure is sudden, dramatic and shocking. We suddenly learn that one of our key people is leaving in just a few days, or perhaps that they suddenly quit and are already gone. It can create chaos as lawyers and administrators all scramble to deal with the aftermath. The people that remain are forced to take on tasks, projects, cases, and accountabilities they previously had no intention or expectation of handling.
Of course not every departure is as dramatic as this, but too often, we are left feeling “blindsided.” When this happens, after the initial shock wears off, people want to understand why they left, why they didn’t see it coming, and what could have been done to prevent it. Let’s look at how to seek that understanding, and consider everyday business practices that can help prevent most blindsides from occurring.
To begin understanding “the blindside,” look first to the most common reasons that people leave a professional situation:
Dissatisfaction with work relationships.
When the work environment feels intolerable, it is typically not because of the way the office is decorated or that the air conditioning is too cold, it is because of one or more broken relationships with co-workers and colleagues. Nothing can be more stressful than having to work with a team or even just one person who you don’t get along with. The feeling of tension when they walk in the room is only heightened when you also feel trapped to deal with it day after day—because this is your job, and you don’t feel like you can choose to disassociate with that person or people as you might outside of work. It might seem that the only choice to get away from all this tension is to leave the firm.
To further career goals.
Unless someone creates their own job, or their own firm, work is rarely an exact match to what a person chose to do or what they envision for themselves. As a result, typically some level of compromise is reached, which may be conscious or otherwise, which results in people accepting employment with some type of internal justification, reservation or future ambition. Their justification may be that this will better prepare them for that next position, which is closer to whatever they envision, or even that taking this job is just a necessary evil while waiting for such an opportunity to arise. When a better opportunity arises, they go for it.
To pursue personal goals.
Just as a position within a certain industry might not be an exact match, many other aspects of a person’s life circumstances might not either. One prime example: the place/city where someone is living might not be their ideal. Even though they’ve been living in this place for five years, 10 years, , or even their whole life to date – they yearn to live elsewhere. That feeling might be so powerful that they want to live anywhere else. They also might have a dream that involves pursuing a sport or cultivating a talent that creates a dissonance with their day-to-day professional life. Another example: an employee intends to start a family. If they believe that there is no way to reconcile having a family with the requirements of their current job, they will look for another job that seems like a better fit.
If these are the reasons why people change jobs, when does the blindside happen?
The blindside occurs when any of these aspirations or discontents are unknown to us. We are blindsided because we had no idea anything was wrong or that there was anything else they wanted or were seeking. Latent dissatisfactions, hidden career goals, and unknown personal goals are all the breeding grounds for the blindside. The greater the sense that an individual is alone with their dissatisfactions or goals, the more likely that their departure will happen, and will seem to come without warning.
The task of avoiding the blindside seems relatively clear: make sure that whatever is latent, hidden, and unknown is instead known and out in the open. Make sure that people feel like they are respected. Make sure people feel safe in talking about those things that they feel is up to them alone to resolve or further, and that you care about helping them.
How do we do this?
- Create a safe environment to talk about what matters among colleagues, especially between people at different levels. This means that not only are people’s thoughts and feelings respected, but that within the culture, it is abhorrent to criticize or minimize what others have to say.
- We need to actively show interest and inquire about what matters to our colleagues. In other words, don’t just create a space for people to tell you, but actually ask them! Get to know what your team members want—both personally and professionally. Ask, and find out about their dreams and aspirations. Sometimes the energy behind an aspiration is amplified out of proportion when we feel that no one else is interested or cares. We put a lot of energy behind it because we believe that if we don’t, no one else will. But when the people around us show an interest, it becomes less important to us to “make a big move.”
- Actively root out any and all workplace discontent and “incompletions.” When a person has a negative interaction with another team member, or feels regret or resentment about the outcome of a project, often it is because something was left “incomplete” or unsaid. Most of the time we “deal” with it quietly, maybe complain to someone else, but ultimately sweep it under the rug. When we do this, it doesn’t go away, it only festers. Then we unconsciously drag this incompletion into our next interactions with our team or our next project. To make sure this does not happen, it must be part of the culture to deal with anything incomplete. Gossiping or undermining must be forbidden in the firm culture, so that the response to anyone gossiping about a co-worker would always be “you need to go talk to them directly and resolve this immediately.”
The solution to avoiding the blindside is to create a work environment or a firm or company culture where openness is promoted and encouraged. A firm culture where people feel not only safe to reveal their discontent and to resolve differences, but where they feel that others are interested and care in what matters most to them. Overall, a workplace culture and environment of respect for others is the best way to not only avoid the blindside, but to promote workplace satisfaction. Culture alone will not eliminate every future blindside, but at worst, they will be few and far between.
About the Author
Rich Goldstein is a registered patent attorney, and founder of Goldstein Patent Law. He is the author of the recent book: The ABA Consumer Guide to Obtaining a Patent. Contact Rich on Twitter @RichGoldstein. | https://www.lawpracticetoday.org/article/prevent-unexpected-departures/ |
Snohomish County Sports Hall of Fame Class of 2019 announced
The Snohomish County Sports Hall of Fame’s Class of 2019 includes a race car driver, a skier, a rower, a track and field Olympian, a basketball and softball standout and a football player who went on to star in the Canadian Football League.
The six, along with the 1984 Woodway High School state champion girls basketball team, one coach and one sports contributor, will be the 10th class of athletes, coaches and contributors to be honored in the fall.
The six athletes being inducted are:
BRENDA DOBBELAAR-MORRIS – basketball and softball
A 1989 graduate of Edmonds High School, Dobbelaar was a multi-sport athlete there. While at Edmonds she was: 1) The Herald’s All-Area Soccer first team all four years, 2) as a senior, all-Wesco in soccer, basketball and softball, and 3) The Herald’s Female Athlete of the Year. Then at Pacific Lutheran University in softball as the team’s shortstop, she batted a remarkable .422 and was a two-time NAIA All American and twice a NAIA All-National Tournament Team. In 1991 she was on the U.S. National Team that won a gold medal at the Cuba Pan Am Games.
ORLONDO STEINHAUER - football
Steinhauer was outstanding in football, basketball, and baseball at Lynnwood High. He graduated in 1991. At Lynnwood High School, he was all-Wesco in football for both 1990 and 1991 and went on to Western Washington University (WWU) and continued playing football. As a senior, he was first team NAIA All-American & the CFL’s Defensive Player of the Year. In 1999, he was named to WWU’s All-Century football as first team cornerback and punt returner. After WWU, he played CFL football for 12 years and was a division all-star six times and CFL all-star five times. He’s been coaching in the CFL since 2010 and is now head coach for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats.
ELEANOR McELVAINE - rowing
McElvaine is a 1981 Cascade High graduate. As a senior, she was senior class Most Athletic Woman. She then went to University of Washington (UW) where she was on the women’s crew for four years helping her crew win three gold medals in the women’s nationals (1983-85). These crews are all in the Husky Hall of Fame. In 1988, she almost qualified for the U.S. Olympic Team. She’s coached since 1991 including: 1) at Mount Baker Rowing and Sailing Center, 2) 12 years as UW’s novice crew coach, 3) as UW’s head women’s crew coach, and 4) for various national crews.
JARRED ROME – track and field
Rome, a 1995 Marysville Pilchuck High graduate, played football, basketball and track and field. As a senior, he began focusing on the discus and shot put and continued them at Boise State University (BSU) and in national competition. Noteworthy accomplishments include: 1) several times NCAA Division I All-American, 2) thrice Big West Conference discus champ, 3) on 2004 and 2012 USA Olympic teams, 4) discus silver medalist in 2011 Pam Am Games, and 5) ranked no. 1 in U.S. in discus (2004, 2005, 2007 and 2011). He is now the throws coach at Boston University.
DAVE LYON – snow skiing
As a skiing racer as junior, high school student (1981 Snohomish High graduate and collegiate amateur, Lyon’s activities/accomplishments include: 1) Bogus Basin Ski Racing Alliance’s Inter-Mountain Cup Champion and a two-time Northwest Cup Overall Champion, 2) with No. 1 ranked University of Wyoming Ski Team, a NCAA All-American in 1985, 1986 and 1987 and 3) twice Rocky Mountain Overall Champion. After Wyoming, he raced on the pro-tour until retiring in 1990. Currently, he continues, among other ski endeavors, as program director and head coach of Stevens Pass Alpine Club.
CARL ZARETZKE – race car (FEAR & NASCAR Superstock)
Zaretzke, (known as “Crazy Carl”) is an Arlington High graduate. He began racing at the Evergreen Speedway in 1966 and is considered Evergreen Speedway’s first superstar. He is the first inductee into Evergreen Speedway’s Hall of Fame. He was very instrumental in the creation of Figure Eight Auto Racing Inc. (FEAR) and is the only FEAR member to win eight consecutive season championships (in the 1970s). Additionally, he won three of the first four NASCAR Superstock Oval Championships (1986, 1988 and 1989).
The coach being inducted is:
TROY SUMMERS - boxing
Summers, for many years, coached the nationally known Everett Firefighters Boxing Team. Other noteworthy coaching includes: 1) several USA boxing teams in international competition, 2) 1984 U.S. National Golden Gloves champion team, and 3) a National Olympic Sports Festival championship team in 1982. He coached Snohomish County Hall of Fame inductee Robert Shannon to a 1983 Junior World Championship, and his son, Bret (also a Snohomish County Hall of Fame inductee), to a 1976 national championship. He coached four other county boxers to berths in the 1984 L.A. Olympic Boxing Trials.
The team being inducted is:
1984 WOODWAY GIRLS BASKETBALL TEAM
This Woodway High School team is considered a legendary Snohomish County girls basketball team. It was Snohomish County’s second girls basketball team to win a state championship. Led by the very successful coach Bruce Evans, the team’s overall record was 25-2. The team won the Wesco, Northwest District and Region I titles then went on to the state tournament and won three games, including a victory over North Kitsap 54-52 for the championship. Kelly Joy was named to the state all-tournament team and Carol Olson’s 11 assists in a single game set a tournament record.
The sports contributor being inducted is:
JIM PICCOLO – athletic administrator
Piccolo was Stanwood High’s Athletic Director (AD), 1984-2006. His accomplishments there include developing: 1) a 4A Booster Club, 2) an Athletic/Academic Awards Night, 3) the Athletic Training Program, and 4) the Athletic Hall of Fame. Other noteworthy achievements/awards include: 1) 1999 Washington State High School Athletic Director of the Year, 2) Washington State Athletic Administrators Hall of Fame inductee, and 3) Washington State Administrators President and Past President. In 2000, named National Athletic Director of the Year by National Alliance for Health, P. E., Recreation, and dance.
The Sports Hall of Fame inductees were nominated by the public and the 22-member Sports Hall of Fame Committee.
The 2019 Sports Hall of Fame Inductees will be honored at the 2019 Sports Hall of Fame Banquet on Sept. 18 at Edward D. Hansen Conference Center at Angel of the Winds Arena. Individual tickets are $65 and $600 for a table of 10 people. Online tickets are on sale now. Purchase tickets at https://www.seattlenorthcountry.com/sports/hall-of-fame/banquet/
In addition, the banquet will feature the Snohomish County High School Male and Female Athlete of the Year, Collegiate Male and Female Athlete of the Year and the Herald Man and Woman of the Year Award.
For more information on the Snohomish County Sports Hall of Fame Banquet, visit www.SnoCoSports.org or call Snohomish County Sports Commission at 425-348-5802 ext. 102.
The Snohomish County Sports Hall of Fame exists to recognize and honor athletes, coaches, teams and/or special individuals, who have distinguished themselves as outstanding contributors to their sport or vocation on the state, national, and/or international stage and thus have brought state, national and/or international acclaim to themselves and Snohomish County. | https://mukilteobeacon.villagesoup.com/p/snohomish-county-sports-hall-of-fame-class-of-2019-announced/1819710 |
Sanddrawings are an old artistic genre, practiced by innumerable civilizations in the world. Classical Greeks mathematics study mathematics by painting figurines in the sands, and the illustrious point images from the centre of Australia began as sketches in the sands. Tchokwe in Angola paint images in the desert to tell their story, and most of us would have taken images in the desert as children.
To draw a picture in bulk is probably the oldest kind of painting, because it requires nothing else than dust and a pen or a cane. Because of the transience of the work, the story of the paintings on sandy ground is not known. One blast of air or a blow with the hands and the most complicated designs will vanish forever.
During a brief vacation in Vanuatu I came across another intriguing type of painting in the National Museum in Port Vila. This sanddrawing, or sandrowing in the Bislama locale, is a intriguing kind of work. The artworks are made up of complicated designs that conceal several levels of complexities that appear before your gaze as the painter drags his fingers through the sands.
Vanuatu artisans make their work by drawing a line through a thin sheet of vulcanic sands. A painting is only there the minute it is made and the painter deletes it quickly or it is disintegrated by the items. The Ni Vanuatu, the indigenous people, can use this overall statute to help them maintain their tradition of the arts.
Artifacts like sandrings merit their immaterial inheritance because they are much more than just nice line markings in a sandy film. They have a profound culturally significant meaning that goes beyond a rationale of the described pattern. In this paper we examine the four levels of meaning within Vanuatu's sands.
Only when the work is finished do we see the work. Vanuatuuan clay paintings connect different facets of performing and fine artists, as the works are made in front of an audiences. In contrast to perfomance artwork, the result of the performances is a definitive piece. There is only a sketch at the time it is drawn and later.
Sand roing is about both power and the end results. And the best way to fully appreciate sand roings is to see the artists do it. Recorded at the Vanuatu National Museum, this film shows the painter drawing a lattice and weaving the complicated design in a gentle movement.
When Deacon died, he drew inspiration from many scholarly anthropologues, and Camilla Wedgewood released his work on clay in 1934. Vanuatu sandsroings hide deep-layer meaning beyond the skillful drawing of complicated squiggles. First two meanings are alien. Everyone who has experienced the drawing and is ready to get to know it can know these steps.
On the most shallow plane, a sandring can be described as a thin sheet of vulcanic sands in which the sculptor paints a geometric design with his paw. Many times the painter is telling a tale as she is moving her hand through the sands. They are illustrating the history, while the artists speak and draw at the same time.
The Vanuatuan sand roings have much in aesthetic connection with the complicated pattern of Celt knotting and Muslim braiding. Not only are the sketches a nice line drawing, but also a text. The Pentecostal peoples use the Avoiuli font, which is an outstanding example of how to fuse ancient and modern cultures into new forms of expression.
On the second plane we can describe the geometric description of the designs, as shown in Deacon's Draw. In reproducing these sketches, Deacon used a scale and complex mathematics to describe them. Mathematics models these designs with the help of graphic analysis. These sand roings show that the Ni-Vanuatu, who created this type of artwork, has a fine grasp of geo.
On the second to last plane, the drawing is a magical means of conveying complexity of our cultural heritage. On this deeper plane, these sketches exemplify the histories that the artists tell during their work. They can be simple and funny, but they can also tell deeper facets of their cultures such as universe, relationship and spirituality.
Stephen Zagala, an Aussie humanist, worked in Vanuatu to keep this valuable heritage alive. Describing the philosophic character of these paintings. Such an illustration shows how humans handle mysteries. This sanddrawing, which declares this notion, shows this with a woven line that makes surprising turns. In the middle of the entire design there is a small rhombic form, which shows the required sap.
On this plane lies the deep mystic meaning of the drawing, which is known only to the intrepid. This drawing expresses the exoteric aspect of our vernacular civilization, which can only be fully appreciated by those who fully appreciate the contexts in which their civilization is. Vanuatuan Sandroings is an old way of thinking about the arts.
It is not as something exhibited in a local heritage centre, but as a way of communicating their religious cultures. Unfortunately, this artistic discipline is threatened and is becoming more and more a treasure for the tourist. Past and present anthropologists' accounts are crucial to the preservation of ancient wisdom, and I trust this paper will bring you closer to the complex beauties of Vanuatu's ancient people.
Have a look at my Pinterest gallery of Sandroings if you want to see more samples of this Vanuatu people's tradition of man. | http://www.polynesianresourcecenter.com/topic/vanuatu-meaning |
Angry Birds, the Vancouver-made animated film based on the mobile video game of the same name, shot down Captain America last weekend to debut at No. 1 at the worldwide box office.
Rovio Animation, the Finnish video game company that spearheaded the production of “The Angry Birds Movie,” earned $150 million worldwide, according to estimates from Sony, which is distributing the film. The movie cost around $73 million to make.
In 2014, Rovio set up a production office for Angry Birds in Vancouver, while animation duties were handled at the Sony Imageworks Studio on Granville Street.
Art director Pete Oswald works with visual development artist Cindey Chiang on The Angry Birds Movie at the Rovio Studio in Vancouver.
Overseeing the army of artists was veteran visual designer and concept artist Pete Oswald, who served as the movie’s production designer and art director.
Q. There have been a lot of movies based on PC, arcade and console games, but adapting a 2D smartphone game to the big screen must have presented some new challenges.
Q. How much of the original game art did you incorporated into the final movie design?
Q. How much pressure was it to be handed the keys to such a big-budget film?
Q. How much time did you spend in Vancouver supervising the digital animation process?
Q. A lot of jobs of the visual effects and digital animation jobs are moving north to Vancouver. What’s the reaction in Hollywood?
Q. Why is so much of that visually effects works coming here?
Q. Creating an entire animated world is a pretty daunting task, it must have been rewarding to see the final vision on the big screen after so much grunt work designing and re-designing characters and scenes.
Q. That’s a lot of time and lot of work spent on one project. What’s next for you?
Q. Would a sequel be easier since the characters and world already exist? | https://vancouversun.com/entertainment/movies/hollywood-north-meet-the-artist-behind-the-angry-birds-movie |
The original systems models (World Dynamics and the more detailed Limits to Growth) were executed and published by 1972; although the model has not Professor Cole is at the State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Hayes Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA. The authoracknowledges funding from the Swedish Parliamentary Committee for Futures Studies, who are not responsible for the opinions expressed.
Note: The dates given cover the period when the model is being developed and updated and published.
included, r recursive only, X major feature, a accounted for, i introduced exogenousiy. g general equilibrium.
- - Notes: Subsystems incorporated-Ec (Economy), D (Demography), A (Agri~uiture), R (Raw Materials), En (Energy), Ev (Environment), iJ (Urbanization), Ed (Education), H (Household distribution), L (Domestic politics), G (Government sector), M (Military sector), I (international politics), T (International trade), ll (Terms of trade), B (Bilateral trade), M (international markets), F (international finance).
Note: An indication of the methodological emphasis in each study is given. In principle, systems studies emphasize the dynamic feedback between variables, input-output demonstrates the importance of the underiying economic structure and econometric models stress the importance of historical trends and relationships.
Note: The figures for average per capita income growth rates presented here are indicative at best. The projections on which they are based refer to different publication dates, years and time horizons, different regional aggregations and different assumptions about policies and trends. The forecasts from individual models differ between applications and publications. In some cases (eg World Bank and Global 2000), the low forecast is also the trend forecast; in others (eg SARUM-Interfutures) the tow forecast Implies adverse conditions beyond those expected for the trend projection. in some instances, the beneficial effects of the favoured scenario are disguised because of aggregation (eg UNITAD) or are not apparent until beyond the year2000 time horizon (eg Limits and UNITAR). Results for FUGI in parenthesis are for 1984. Results are not relevant or available if no figures are given.
trade between the models’ results. Despite the apparent technical progress then, it is evident that some modelling complexities had yet to be resolved. At this time, however, there was a considerable change of direction in the philosophy of the Bank, stemming from a change in the US administration, which appears to have affected modelling and development activities. The objectives shifted from the somewhat narrowly defined basic needs and development targets to the even narrower one of measuring the ‘fiscal soundness’ of potential borrowers. At the same time, the role of the models in the WDR annual projections has diminished, and estimates of economic growth depend mainly on the evaluations of the various country desks (on the basis of short-run economic and political risk assessment) together, once again, with the help of two-gap models. Briefly, the approach now adopted by the Bank is to project potential output in industrial countries from given assumptions about factor supply (labour and capital) and technical progress. With this information and considerations of the local situation in developing countries, the regional forecasts are prepared independently and then reconciled to comply with the Bank’s aggregate projections of capital availability, trade and debt servicing. This reorientation in the Bank in effect resulted in a period of reappraisal and consolidation, and some considerable refocusing of activity towards less elaborate models, within a more piecemeal, case-by-case approach to the developing countries. This change appears to have had little effect on the actual forecasts, even though there is some evidence that they are systematically biased. Typically, the Bank prepares a ‘high’ and a ‘low’ forecast for the remainder of the decade (and until 1995 since the 1984 Report). The low forecast is characteristically a projection of a continuation of present policies; eg the 1984 Report reads: Governments of industrial countries would find it hard to control inflation, and their budgetary deficits and unemployment would remain high. Protectionist sentiment would be strong, threatening the exports of developing countries and their ability to service their debts (but) with some increase in the penetration of markets in industrial countries. The high forecast, by contrast, assumes that a package of policy measures to stimulate growth is adopted by the industrial countries. According to the 1984 Report, this would wishfully: offer industrial countries a path of steady and sustained expansion . . . lower domestic interest rates and smaller budget deficits, investment would increase. As unemployment eases, protectionist measures would subside, so developing countries would find it easier to expand exports and to ease their debt service burden. Investment confidence would rapidly improve, which along with larger aid programmes would lead to an expansion of the flows of capital to developing countries.
identify key factors important to the medium-term evolution of the economy; construct a flexible analytic framework which shows how these factors interact and impact on the evolving situation; use the framework to simulate trends in these factors under a range of different (scenario) assumptions; examine the results to ascertain the plausibility of the scenario as a whole (without necessarily placing any probability on its occurrence).
funds terminated, the model has been systematically modified and updated using ad hoc funds from various UN agencies (including UNCTAD). The UNITAD model is somewhat less detailed than the majority of models described above. In large part this was because of the realization that great detail does not guarantee accuracy any more than it does relevance. It was argued that because input-output tables with more than about 10 sectors fluctuate significantly from year to year, this represented an upper limit on sectoral detail (in all but short-term models). In any case, the most significant results of this model come from the way the traditional and modern sectors are treated in the input-output core of the model. While the same results could be inferred from much more detailed input-output studies, the amount of computation would be much greater, and the reliability probably less. Despite this smaller level of detail, the model nevertheless demonstrates some fairly general propositions about global development. Since its de-institutionalization, the UNITAD model has been used to explore a wider range of trajectories than hitherto possible, and to highlight additional features of the ‘standard’ projections. For example, the results suggest that if developing countries rely on modernization and the pull effect of the industrial countries (ie export-led policies) to achieve economic growth, this will have little impact on their present situation of massive unemployment. By contrast, the results show that policies which take account of the internal structure of developing economies as represented by the model structure are needed in LDCs (in effect by internal subsidy of the small industry sector). The most recent experiments with the model (1985) start from the basic assumption that the world economy will remain for another lo-15 years on a low growth path, thus leaving bleak prospects for industrialization strategies in developing countries based on exportation to the North. Instead, the model is used to simulate industrialization strategies fuelled by the domestic market, in which systematic complementary links are established between lowproductivity (rural) activities and high-productivity activities. The strategy differs from ‘import substitution’ type strategies proposed in earlier decades, in that the strategy demands income redistribution, land reform and governmental action in the fields of education, nutrition and other basic needs. While not all these variables are explicit in the model, the general argument is made that a coordinated action “ will trigger an equalitarian spiral, thus increasing welfare of the poorest . . . and substantially improving the employment balance”.
from domestic elites and the expenditures of other governments. Although the economic model of SIMPEST is relatively simple, it is sophisticated. The model is set up as a continuous simulation and the parameters are more or less simultaneously estimated, which is generally taken to be a rather difficult procedure.
between the assumptions of short- and long-term exercises. For example, in looking at the short-run impact of protection, the LINK model concludes that while some countries gain, most lose, especially the developing countries. Given its short-term focus, the model cannot say whether all countries lose in the long run because of the knock-on effects throughout the world economy. This would support the notion of freer trade relations. Conversely, in the longer run other policy measures (such as income redistribution and better choice of technology) might be combined with selective protection in an inward-looking strategy so as to make more effective use of the internal multipliers than through exportation alone (as in the UNITAD and UNITAR models). The LINK and INTERFORUM systems transfer data directly (ie electronically) between the various models. Consequently they require common relationships and structure between the sectors, subsystems and regions of individual global models, at their interface. This linking is somewhat tighter than that between the components of the FUG1 and CDPPP models, and considerably more than in the consortia typified by the Global 2000, G-MAPP and UNU projects. The Global 2000 study, like the LINK project, was based on existing sectoral forecasting exercises (in this case those of various US government departments). Only a single long-term ‘trend projection’ was made, and in contrast to most other contemporary exercises reflected a Limits philosophy, projecting a longterm slow-down in growth and in attempting to account for economic, demographic and ecological factors. However, the project treated these issues independently. Even for the trend projection, absence of links between sectoral studies poses problems; for example, an independent study with the WIM model (as background to Global 2000) showed that linking together the main sectors treated in Global 2000 would significantly worsen the Limits scenario, demonstrating the risks involved in neglecting feedbacks. The project closed with the last change in the US administration.
econometric relations, FUG1 is suitable for exploring the fine detail of smooth trajectories which postulate no major change in the status quo. AREAM was considered more useful for investigating possible ‘major’ changes, such as shifts in trade alliances or major new industrial breakthroughs. These comparisons suggest that simple models perform as well as more eiaborate models (or at least give equivalent results) but with much less elaboration. For example, it was noted earlier that the FUG1 model provided inputs to the DPRA. In so far as direct comparisons are made between the very complex FUG1 model and the much more simple GEM model of the DPRA, the models give roughly similar results (ie a given set of assumptions about investment lead to roughly similar results for growth and trade), despite the fact that the FUG1 model is estimated on data from a shorter time span. The difficulty of making detailed cross-comparisons is illustrated also by the UNU Food-Energy project in which three models (SARUM, UNITAD and UNITAR) were selected for a comparative investigation became of their supposed differences and complementarities. Because the various models used two standard projections, free trade u selfdifferent methods of projection, reliance, were selected. Trajectories were defined by different assumptions about regional economic growth, trade arrangements, technology and so on, although in contrast to G-MAPP, more extreme variants were investigated. Even so, the very different treatment of key variables meant that only approximations to the agreed scerlarios could be calculated. For example, economic growth for the industrial economies was an input to the UNITAD model, but calculated in SARUM from assumed investment rates and so on. In some cases a more elaborate approach to the modelling of a particular subsystem was seen to be a constraint on the exploration of those same issues. It is evident for these joint exercises that, in bringing models to the point at which they can be compared, their distinguishing structures and modelling philosophies are muted under peer group pressure to achieve a convergent explanation of events. Given the various compromises this entails, it is not surprising that, like many other disciplines, the global modelling fraternity has become a network of somewhat incestuous interest groups.
(cf main Bibliography) See DPRA. Costa (1984), DPRA (1981 a,b,c), DpR.A (1983), Granberg Rubinschtein (19841: see also GEM. Abbruzzese (1‘983).” Kaya (1977), Onishi (1984). DPRA (1981); see also DPRA. Barney (1980, 1984). Bremer (1982, 1983), Cusak and Eberwein (1985). MacRae and Mula (1981), Chadwick (1984, 1985). Jackson and Allen (1985). Galtung (1984), GPID Working Papers. Moore ( 1985). Hughes (1985a, 1985b); see also Strategyfor Sumiual/WIM. IFDA Bulletin (most issues).
IMF (1982-85). Nyhus and AImon (1977), AIman (1984). DPRA (1985). OECD Interfutures (1979), Norse (1984). Herrera (1976). Leontief and Carter (1976). Meadows et al (1973), Forrester (1971). KIien and Su (1979). Naisbitt (1984). See Interfutures. Wilkenfield (1983). Tinbergen (1976), Leuddijk (1979). SARU (1978), Roberts (1977), Parker (1984). Inglestam (1973), Huldt et al (1980). Mesarovic and Pestel (1974) Hughes and Mesarovic (1978). See DPRA. Royer (1984, 1985). Chichilnisky and Cole (1978), Cole and Miles (1984); see also Worlds Apart. Faik (1973), Galtung (1984), Lazlo (1974). Tims and Waelbrook (1982), World Bank (1979-85), Round (1982), King (1981), Gupta and Waelbrook (1984), Hayter and Watson (1985). Freeman and Jahoda (1978), Miles (1978), Cole et al (1978). Cole and Miles (1984), UNESCO (1981), Miles (1981). Brown (1983-85). DPRA (1983). Churchman and Mason (1976), Clark and Cole (1975), Cole (1977), Hickman (1983), Leuddijk (1979), Lesourne (1984), McHaIe (1980), Meadows et al (1983), Mula and MacRae (1981), Munton (1978), Sanderson (1981), Siegmann and Deutsch (1986), Barney (1980), Lutz (1983). Alker (1981), Deutsch (1979), Guertzkow and Valadez (1981). Cole (1974), (1986), Hughes (1985 b), OECD (1979). Cole (1974), Khen and Su (1979), Pollins (1980). Blitzer ei al (1975), Cole and Miles (1984) King (1981), Round (1982), UNIDO (1984). Committee for Development Planning. Centre for Development Projections Policy and Planning. Department of International Economic and Social Analysis. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis. International Monetary Fund. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
Bibliography S. Abbruzzese et al, The Factors of Peace in the World Community, Interim Report (Rome, Forum Humanum Project, 1983). ACC Task Force, The Respects for World Development: Present Trends and Possibilities for Greater Cooperation between Developing Countries (Geneva, Interagency Technical Working Group, 1985). H. AIker, “From political cybernetics to global modelling”, in Merritt and Russett (1981), op cit. I. Alman, “The Inforum-IIASA International System of Input-Output Models”, in UNIDO (1984), op cit.
G. Barney et al, The Global 2000 Report to the President-Entering the Twenty-First Century (Washington, US Department of State, 1980). “The Global 2000 Report and its implications”, in Levy and Robinson (1984), G. Barney, op cit. C. Blitzer et al, Economy W& Modclrfor Development Planning (Washington, World Bank, 1975). Brandt Commission, NORTH-SOUTH: A Programmefor Survival (London, Pan Books, 1980). S. Bremer, The GLOBUS Moa!el-A Guide to its Theoretical Structure (Berlin, Wissenschaftzentrum, 1982), pages 82-105. S. Bremer, The GLOBUSMO&~ (Berlin, Wissenschaftzentrum, 1983). L. Brown, State of the World (Washington, Worldwatch Institute, 1983-85). R. Chadwick, GMAPP Summary of Objectives, Findings and Concrete Results, mimeo (Hawaii, East-West Center, 1984). R. Chadwick, Modelling Political-Military Policy Dynamics in a Global MO&~, mimeo (Hawaii, East-West Center, 1985). H. Chenery et aI, RedistributMn with Growth (Washington, World Bank/Oxford University Press, 1974). G. Chichilnisky and S. Cole, “A model of technology, distribution and North-South relations”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 13, pages 297-320. C. Churchman and R. Mason, World Modclling: A Dialogue (Amsterdam, North-Holland, 1976). J. Clark and S. Cole, Global Simulation Models-A Comparative Study (Chichester, UK, Wiley, 1975). Futures, 6, (3), 1974, pages 201-218. S. Cole, “World models, their progress and applicability”, S. Cole, Global Models and the International Economic Order (Oxford, Pergamon, 1977). S. Cole et ul, “Scenarios of world development”, Futures, IO, (l), 1978, pages 3-20. S. Cole, “Methods of analysis for long term development issues”, in UNESCO (1981), op cit. S. Cole and M. Miles, Worlds Apart-Technology and North-South Relations in the Global Economy (Brighton, UK, Harvester/Rowman and Allenheld, 1984). World Development, Nov-D~c 1986. S. Cole, “The global impact of information technology”, agencies”, International Studies Quarter&, S. Cole, “World economy forecasts and the international December 1987 (forthcoming). projections on the basis of alternative A. Costa, “United Nations global modelling: experimental procedures”, in UNIDO (1984), op cit. Council of Europe, The Use of Long Range Forecasting Techniques and ProJection for the Definition of a European Regional Planning Policy (Paris, Futuribles, 1978). Council of Europe, Global Prospects: Human Neea!s and the Earth ‘s Resources (Strasbourg, Council of Europe, 1981). T. Cusak and W. Erberwein, The GLOBUS World MO&~-Some Preliminary Results (Berlin, Wissenschaftzentrum, 1985). K. Deutsch, From the National [email protected] State to the International Wevan System (Berlin, Wissenschaftzentrum, 1979). DPRA, Compendium of World Development Indicators (New York, DIESA, 1980). DPRA, 7%~ Macro-Economic Data System of the DPRA: Purpose, Description and Data Base Coverage (New York, DIESA, 1981a). DPRA, Handbook of World Development Statistics (New York, DIESA, 1981b). DPRA, The Global Econometric MO&~ of the United Nations Secretariat (New York, DIESA, 1981c). DPRA, United Nations Trade Matrix Studies, Report 2 (New York, DIESA, 1983). DPRA, The Prospectsfor World Development: Present Trena!s and Possibilitiesfor Greater Cooperation between Developing Countries, mimeo (Geneva, ACC Interagency Technical Working Group, 1985). DIESA, An Overall Socio-Economic Perspective to the Year 2000 (New York, Projections and Perspectives Study Branch, DIESA, 1984). EEC , Eurofutures: The Challenges of Innovation (London, Butterworths, 1984). R. Falk, A Study of Future Worlds (New York, The Free Press, Macmillan, 1973). R. Falk and S. Kim, The War System: An Interdisciplinary Approach (Boulder, CO, USA, Westview, 1980). J. Forrester, World Dynamics (Cambridge, MA, USA, Wright Alenn, 1971). C. Freeman, Long Waves in the Global Economy (London, Francis Pinter, 1984). C. Freeman and G. Jahoda, World Futures- The Great Debate (London, Martin Robertson, 1978).
West Center, 1981). D. Munton, Global Mo~ls Politics and the Future (Dalhousie University, Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, 1978). J. Naisbitt , MegatrendsTen New Directions Transforming Our Lives (New York, Warner, 1984). D. Norse, “The Interfutures Project of OECD”, in Levy and Robinson (1984), op cit. D. Nyhus and C. Almon, The INFORUM International System of Input-Output Mo&ls and Bilateral Trade Flows (Laxenburg, Austria, IIASA, 1977). OECD/Interfutures, Facing the Future: Mastering the Probable and Managing the Unpredictable (Paris, OECD, 1979). A. Onishi, “The Japanese experience with global modelling”, in Levy and Robinson (1984), op cit. K. Parker, Scenario Based Ewpoiments using SARUM (London, Technical Change Centre, 1984). B. Pollins, A Survq of Fourteen Formal Models of International Trade (Berlin, Wissenschaftzentrum, 1980), No 80-104. global modelling project”, Futures, 9, (l), 1977, pages 3-16. P. Roberts, “SARUM-a P. Roberts, “Two cheers for modelling”, Futures, IS, (3), 1984, pages 214-216. J. Round, A Review of Expe&nce in the Design and Use of Social Accounting Matrices (University of Warwick, Department of Economics, 1982), No 19. model”, in Levy and Robinson (1984), J. Royer, “Long term perspectives in the UNITAD op cit. J. Royer, Unemployment Strategies in World Regions (Geneva, UNITAD, 1985). W. Sanderson, Economic-Demographic Simulation Models: A Review of their Usefulnessfor Policy Analysis (Laxenburg, Austria, IIASA, 1981). SARU, SARUlW Han&ok (London, Systems Analysis Research Unit, 1985). B. Schwartz, Methods in Futures Studies-Problems andApplications (Boulder, CO, Westview Replica, 1982). M. Siegmarm and K. Deutsch, Modelling: An Ovtrview in Perception and Analysis of World Problems (Paris, UNESCO, 1986). J. Simon, “Political risk forecasting”, Futures, 17, (2), 1985, pages 132-148. M. Sommer, “On the applicability of econometric methods to system dynamics models”, ~~NAM~GA, IO, (ll), 1984. J. Sterman, “Integrated theory of the economic long wave”, Futures, 17, (2), 1985, pages 104131. W. Tims and J. Waelbrook, Global Modelling in the World Bank, 1973-76 (Washington, IBRD, 1982), No 544. J. Tinbergen, Reshaping the Znternationat O&r (New York, Elsevier/Amed Nations, 1976). UNESCO, Methods for ~velop~t Planning: Scenarios, Models and Micro-studio (Paris, UNESCO, 1981). UNIDO, Proceedings of theSeventh International Confnme on Input-Output Techniques (New York, UN, 1984). J. Wilkenfield, “POLIS-computer assisted international studies”, Teaching Political Science, X, (4), 1983. World Bank, World Tables--Data Files (Washington, IBRD, 1981). World Bank, World ~veLo~~t Report (Washin~on, World Bank/Oxford, 1979-85). Note The Bibliographies refer to studies described in this article and the forthcoming articles noted in the text. The author would appreciate information on these and other global forecasting studies now under way. | https://kundoc.com/pdf-global-models-.html |
# Competency management system
Competency (or competence) management systems (CMS or CompMS – because CMS is a more common homonym) are usually associated with, and may include, a learning management system (LMS). The LMS is typically a web-based tool that allows access to learning resources. Competency Management Systems tend to have a more multidimensional and comprehensive approach and include tools such as competency management, skills-gap analysis, succession planning, as well as competency analysis and profiling. The CompMS tends to focus more on creating an environment of sustainable competency in addition to entering and tracking learning resources in software. However, conceptually, there is no reason why a CompMS or LMS could not be manual (i.e. not computer-based) and indeed learning management systems are as old as learning institutions.
One view is that competency management systems may be based on adult learning and occupational task analysis principles, such as DACUM, which identify the business processes in a company and break them down into tasks. These tasks are what an individual needs to do in their work.
Modern techniques use competency-based management methodologies to develop a competency architecture for an organization. This architecture captures key competencies into a competency dictionary that is subsequently used in the creation of job descriptions. Competency-based performance management can then be employed to measure and discover learning gaps that then drive the training course selections for an employee.
There is as yet no generally agreed definition of competence. This lack of consensus at the moment can be seen by the efforts of the IEEE to define standards in the area of competency, such as their 1484 series of standards; for example, see the standard for reusable competency definitions.
To some people, the term competence may be synonymous with skills. To others, a broader definition of competence would be that competence = skills + knowledge + behaviours. For example, educational institutions (certainly higher educational institutions) are more focussed on the informational dimension of competence. Hence for many professions, formal education and graduation are followed by a period of practice typically under the direction of qualified practitioners. Such post-education practical work is where someone picks up skills and behaviours needed to be a competent practitioner. The need to acquire education, skills, and an ability to perform professional behaviour are frequently the requirements of a competent practitioner. More sophisticated definitions of competence or competency would add two more dimensions: (1) the 'level' at which a person may be required to work 'competently', and (2) the context in which a competence is being exercised.
As used by The Gill Payne Partnership Ltd extensively within the energy sector since 1992, their definition of competence is "The ability for a person to perform a required and/or specified activity, safely, to a set standard, and under varying conditions". In the competence standards they create for clients and use within their systems, they develop Performance Standards and, Knowledge and Understanding Standards. Performance Standards are those activities that people are expected to do in the job role, if you like – what the role entails in the way of practical activity – the 'how' and 'what' of the job role. Knowledge and Understanding Standards are the 'what the person is expected to know and understand' in fulfilling their job role, the 'why' the how and what are done in the job. It is quite common for their clients to ask about separate Behaviour and Attitude Standards however, The Gill Payne Partnership Ltd usually embeds these within the Performance Standards as they are in effect, a 'practical activity' required in the role i.e., 'certain behaviours and/or attitudes are required to be demonstrated' in the job role.
An early discussion of competence management can be found in a paper by Darnton.
The maintenance of a set of competencies in an organization of, say, 40,000 employees is particularly challenging. Classroom-based, or training course are not easy to use to provide the scale necessary to maintain the competences of such a large number of people. A typical sequence of activities to use a competence management system in such a situation looks like this:
Identify all things that need to be done by people in the organization in order to provide an inventory of required competencies and audit the competencies currently available; Use the strategy of the organization to define the competencies needed in order to implement the strategy; Perform a 'gap analysis' (in the cases of both 1 and 2) to identify the competencies currently available to the organization and the competencies it actually needs; Use the results of the gap analysis to identify the competence development needed if the organization is to have the competencies it needs; Commission the required competence development; Manage training.
As the required development is being done, it will probably be necessary to use a learning management system to manage all the required learning; developing or maintaining the competence of a 40,000 person workforce will usually require careful use of all aspects of blended learning. A competence management system is able to track the competence requirements of the organization and identify any remaining gaps. It is also able to track the experience of people to add to their learning in order to provide an evidence base for assertions of competence.
Typically, an organization will also establish and maintain a competence dictionary.
Modern Competency Management
The problem with traditional competency management is that it perceives competency development as specific event-based interventions (e.g., "manage training"). Newer definitions take into account that unlike training, which is an event, learning is a process that should never end. Organizations recognizing that changes in skill requirements are now the norm, understand that only a culture of learning will enable people to remain competent through lifelong learning. They use systems and processes that intrinsically motivate people within their organizations to want to learn continuously. That enables people do self-develop at scale, such that number of people in an organization is no longer a challenge. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competence_management_system |
Derry is a Certified Hypnotherapist and Registered Nurse with over 30 years in the helping professions. He is a Member of the International Association of Professional Conversational Hypnotherapists and an associate member of the Hypnotherapy Association of NZ.
For over 40 years he has followed his fascination with hypnosis, self-hypnosis, hypnotherapy and the workings of the mind. In 1980 he completed a degree in Psychology from Auckland University.
In 1986 he gained his nursing registration and started a long career in the nursing profession, practising in a number of different specialities including emergency nursing, stroke rehabilitation, geriatric assessment & rehabilitation, and surgical nursing.
Along the way he found time to pursue a passion for body-oriented change-work, training as a Hellerwork Practitioner with Joseph Heller, studying Continuum Movement with the late Emilie Conrad-Da’oud, and gaining a Diploma in Holistic Pulsing from its founder Tovi Browning.
Derry has travelled extensively to train with some of the top hypnotists and hypnotherapists in the world and is now focused full time on helping people make amazing changes in their lives.
If you’re motivated to change, Derry can work with you to create a change program designed exclusively for your particular needs. Together you will use the natural power of hypnosis to help you take back control over your thoughts, feelings, habits, beliefs and behaviour. | https://whangareiwellbeing.co.nz/derry/ |
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