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On completion of this module, students should be able to. 1. Demonstrate an understanding of what music psychology is in general, in addition to developing a more specialized focus that draws on social psychology approaches to music. 2. Identify the key researchers and current debates in the field. 3. Identify further, and engage with, more specialized areas of social psychology that have not previously been explored. 4. Identify the ways in which social psychology can aid our understanding of musical behaviour and experience by discussing the relevance of social theories to music. 5. Identify the methods used in social music psychology research. 6. Critically reflect on the role that music plays in everyday life. 7. Demonstrate advanced and effective communication skills through an oral presentation of an original piece of research and a written critical analysis of contrasting topics in social music psychology. Brief description Music psychology is a fast developing branch of psychology that aims to examine what is meant by musical experience and behaviour. In this module, students will begin to explore what music psychology is in general, before following a more specialised pathway that looks specifically at applying social psychology research to our understanding of music. Students will revisit some of the social psychology material taught previously but will be expected to demonstrate an ability to assess its relevance within the context of music. In addition, students will also be exposed to new theories not previously taught, thus developing their knowledge base in social psychology more generally.	https://www.aber.ac.uk/cy/modules/2017/PS31620/
What to see in the Tanzania national park, territory, flora and fauna, what are the best times to go, migration of ungulates, bird watching among spectacular landscapes. Serengeti tourism Located in northern Tanzania, between Lake Victoria and the Kenya border, Serengeti National Park was established in 1951 and declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1981. The park includes boundless plains, corresponding to 14503 square kilometers of surface, where a large amount of animals live, distributed in a wide variety of terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Lions, leopards, cheetahs, zebras, gazelles, wildebeests, buffaloes, giraffes, elephants, hippos, rhinos, hyenas and other animals, as well as many species of birds, populate these immense spaces. Every year thousands of ungulates, mostly wildebeests and zebras, guided by the instinct for survival, migrate in search of new pastures and water reserves to meet their water needs. During the rainy season, between January and April, the wildebeest and zebra herds live in the southern part of the Serengeti. At the end of this period they move north-west in search of green areas, usually passing along the Western Corridor, or the western corridor, with the crossing of the Grumeti River and, between July and August, crossing the Mara River, on the border with Kenya, and then back south again in November, waiting for the new rains. Surrounded by spectacular landscapes, in the park it is possible to observe animals throughout the year, to practice birdwatching, which consists in the observation and study of birds in nature, or to witness the birth of the wildebeest and zebra cubs, which takes place during the period included between January and February. The main center is Seronera Safari Lodge, where the accommodation facilities and an ecological research institute are located.	https://booksbitesbrews.com/serengeti-national-park-of-tanzania
Our goals? To monitor our clients’ political risks and influence politics whenever it may impact their core activities. To do so, we inform and alert our clients and we implement tailor-made actions towards national and EU institutions and relevant stakeholders. As political decisions are taken in both Paris and Brussels, EURALIA is present in these cities to offer our clients coordinated lobbying strategies at national and European level. Founded in 1993 by Bruno Dupont, EURALIA is now one of the largest independent public affairs consultancy in Franco-European affairs. Our independence allows us to work on any projects that are dear to us. Our team of young experts in public affairs work between Brussels and Paris with a bold and innovative approach to influence. We are convinced that trust is the key of success in our relationship with clients. We develop meaningful strategic partnerships, often in the long run, and place service at the heart of all of our activities.	http://www.euralia.eu/en/who-are-we/
What on earth are anthropologists doing playing with mobile phones? The answer may be a little more obvious than you think Anthropology is an age-old, at times complex discipline, and like many others it suffers from its fair share of in-fighting and disagreement. It’s also a discipline shrouded in a certain mystery. Few people seem to know what anthropology really is, or what anthropologists really do, and a general unwillingness to ask simply fuels the mystery further. Few people ever question, for example, what a discipline better (but often incorrectly) ‘known’ for poking around with dinosaur bones is doing playing with mobile phones and other electronic gadgets. In today’s high tech world, anthropologists are as visible as engineers and software developers. In some projects, they’re all that’s visible. The public face of anthropology likely sits somewhere close to an Indiana Jones-type character, a dashing figure in khaki dress poking around with ancient relics while they try to unpick ancient puzzles and mysteries, or a bearded old man working with a leather-bound notepad in a dusty, dimly lit inaccessible room at the back of a museum building. If people were to be believed, anthropologists would be studying everything from human remains to dinosaur bones, old pots and pans, ants and roads. Yes, some people even think anthropologists study roads. Is there even such a discipline? Despite the mystery, in recent years anthropology has witnessed something of a mini renaissance. As our lives become exposed to more and more technology, and companies become more and more interested in how technology affects us and how we interface with it, anthropologists have found themselves in increasing demand. When Genevieve Bell turned her back on academia and started working with Intel in the late 1990’s, she was accused of “selling out”. Today, anthropologists jump at the chance to help influence future innovation and, for many, working in industry has become the thing to do. So, if anthropology isn’t the study of ants or roads, what is it? Generally described as the scientific study of the origin, the behaviour, and the physical, social, and cultural development of humans, anthropology is distinguished from other social sciences – such as sociology – by its emphasis on what’s called “cultural relativity“, the principle that an individuals’ beliefs and activities should be interpreted in terms of their own culture, not that of the anthropologist. Anthropology also offers an in-depth examination of context – the social and physical conditions under which different people live – and a focus on cross-cultural comparison. To you and me, that’s comparing one culture to another. In short, where a sociologist might put together a questionnaire to try and understand what people think of an object, an anthropologist would immerse themselves in the subject and try to understand it from ‘within’. Anthropology has a number of sub-fields and, yes, one of those does involve poking round with old bones and relics. But for me, development anthropology has always been the most interesting sub-field because of the role it plays in the third world development arena. As a discipline it was borne out of severe criticism of the general development effort, with anthropologists regularly pointing out the failure of many agencies to analyse the consequences of their projects on a wider, human scale. Sadly, not a huge amount has changed since the 1970’s, making development anthropology as relevant today as it has ever been. Many academics – and practitioners, come to that – argue that anthropology should be a key component of the development process. In reality, in some projects it is, and in others it isn’t. It’s widely recognised that projects can succeed or fail on the realisation of their relative impacts on target communities, and development anthropology is seen as an increasingly important element in determining these positive and negative impacts. In the ICT sector – particularly within emerging market divisions – it is now not uncommon to find anthropologists working within the corridors of hi-tech companies. Intel, Nokia and Microsoft are three such examples. Just as large development projects can fail if agencies fail to understand their target communities, commercial products can fail if companies fail to understand the very same people. In this case, these people go by a different name – customers. The explosive growth of mobile ownership in the developing world is largely down to a vibrant recycling market and the arrival of cheap $20 phones, but is also down in part to the efforts of forward-thinking mobile manufacturers. Anthropologists working for companies such as Nokia spend increasing amounts of time trying to understand what people living at the so-called “bottom of the pyramid” might want from a phone. Mobiles with flashlights are just one example of a product that can emerge from this brand of user-centric design. Others include mobiles with multiple phone books, which allow more than one person to share a single phone, a practice largely unheard of in many developed markets. My first taste of anthropology came a little by accident, primarily down to Sussex University‘s policy of students having to select a second degree subject to go with their Development Studies option (this was my key interest back in 1996). Social anthropology was one choice, and one which looked slightly more interesting than geography, Spanish or French (not that there’s anything wrong with those subjects). During the course of my degree I formed many key ideas and opinions around central pieces of work on the appropriate technology movement and the practical role of anthropology, particularly in global conservation and development work. Today, handset giants such as Nokia and Motorola believe that mobile devices will “close the digital divide in a way the PC never could”. Industry bodies such as the GSM Association run their own “Bridging the Digital Divide” initiative, and international development agencies pump hundreds of millions dollars into economic, health and educational initiatives based around mobiles and mobile technology. In order for the mobile phone to reach its full potential we’re going to need to understand what people in developing countries need from their mobile devices, and how they can be applied in a way which positively impacts on their lives. Sounds like the perfect job for an anthropologist to me.	https://www.kiwanja.net/blog/2009/04/page/2/
1. Introduction We Will Write a Custom Essay Specifically For You For Only $13.90/page! order now Even though poverty reduction has remained the main focus of development assistance since the 1990s and previously in the early 1970s, poverty has not significantly decreased in 50 years time in Sub-Saharan Africa (Riddell, p. 31-35, 2008). In the last 30 years, the idea of cash transfers has spread across the globe now reaching an estimated 700 millioin people (Shapiro, 2017). In recent years there has been a movement of NGOs to push for innovative alternatives to traditional concepts of aid giving (Taylor, 2014, p. 2). Unconditional Cash Transfers (UCTs), that is a cash transfer to private households under no condition on spending, have entered the plane against the backdrop of the availability of money transfer technology and a high proliferation of mobile phones in developing countries, which makes UCTs cheap and reliable. Especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, the most affected region with 41 % of the population living in extreme poverty, the conditions for UCTs are highly favorable and thus the concept has blossomed there in recent years, utilized by governments and NGOs alike (World Bank, 2016; Stephens, 2014). In this paper, I will investigate the effectiveness of UCTs in alleviating poverty by way of a literature review but first, the paper will elaborate on the supposed advantages of direct cash transfers vís-à-vís traditional development assistance and conditional cash transfers and problems associated with UCTs. In the second part, the paper investigates the effects of UTCs on households with regard to poverty alleviation, and the NGO effectiveness with regard to UCTs. Finally, the study concludes with assessing the question of whether UTCs are indeed successful at alleviating poverty based on the findings and acknowledges the limitations of the scope of this paper. 2. Unconditional Cash Transfers: Background Unconditional and Conditional Cash Transfers (UTCs and CCTs), are an integral part of the social protection scheme in high-income countries in Europe and North-America. Since the 1990s, several Latin American countries like Mexico, Brazil and Nicaragua have started to implement CCTs of their own, targeted specifically at poor households (Schubert & Slater, 2006). Successful Programs such as Progresa/Oportunidades in Mexico, made the cash transfer dependent on health and education conditions. CCTs are therefore well-studied and generally concluded to have a positive impact on poverty and also on having a sizebale impact on breaking the intergenerational transmission of poverty (Todaro, 2008, p. 404). However, a major disadvantage of CCTs is the high administrative burden that comes with the conditionality of the transfer and the constant back-checking of criteria It is interesting to note that a number of low income developing countries in Africa have in recent years started to implement unconditional social cash transfer schemes, such as Malawi and Ethiopia, joining the already well-established child grant in the middle-income country of South Africa (Niño-Zarazúa, Barrientos, Hickey, Hulme, 2012). What makes UCTs very interesting, is that the concept mitigates several issues of traditional development assistance by eliminating the middleman between aid recipients: among others, aid diversion – the misappropriation of aid money by government officials, rebel groups, and other political actors- , heavy administrative burden on oftentimes already weak local institutions , great administrative cost of monitoring and implementing development aid trajectories (Moss, Pettersson & van de Walle, 2006) and the overall challenge of reaching poor households in the first place. Most importantly, as a social protection scheme, it awards developing countries the chance to take up a poverty-alleviating policy scheme and awards them some independence from the usual donor-recipient relationship. In lower income countries like Malawi and Ethiopia however, the policy is influenced and partly financed by development aid (Niño-Zarazúa, Barrientos, Hickey, Hulme, 2012). The NGO approach, exemplified most successfully by GiveDirectly and which was founded only in 2008, creates a direct link between private donors and households and provides a powerful alternative to the wastefulness and ineffectiveness of large parts of the NGO industry (Klarreich & Polman, 2012). On top of that it avoids the problem of the difficulty of measuring the effect of indirect poverty alleveation strategies on individual households and provides the possibility to address a plethora of problems with one single instrument in that it contributes to all dimensions in which the household is affected, in the eyes of the household member receiving the cash transfer. This positive impact of recipient choice on aid effectiveness, is another vital component of UCTs and is without an implication to be investigated further (Shapiro, 2017). Subsequently, it can impact food and nutrition, asset diversification, skills, as well as health and education and in a more normative sense it empower the poverty-affected individuals and awards them agency in escaping their own predicament. In sum, has the capacity to strengthen the overall resilience of households. 3. The effects of Unconditional Cash Transfers on poor households In this section, I will look into the effects of government-administered UCT programs and NGO UCT programs on poor households and their propensity to reduce poverty by way of several studies on the issue. There is a growing consensus that in the fight against poverty, nutrition, health and education are integral complements that further affect the resilience of households to poverty (Todaro, 2008, p. 404; Adato & Basset, 2009; Handa & Otchere, 2016). Thus, to analyze the effectiveness of UCTs for the reduction of poverty, I am basing my assessment on the aforementioned areas as well as the direct impact on the economic and labour dimension. Due to the fact that Sub-Saharan Africa is the most adversely affected region, I will restrict my argument to mainly studies conducted on UCTs in the region. In the first part, I will consecutively look at findings through the lense of the economic and labor dimension, health and education while taking into consideration the resilience aspect. In the second part of the assessment, the paper highlights the NGO approach to UCTs and the impact of UCTs on households in that context by way of one research paper. a. Resilience, Economic and Labour Dimension, Health & Education. The concept of resilience describes the capacity of households to withstand shocks and stressors to their livelihood. Sub-Saharan Africa being a region that is especially prone to droughts and other climate change-related issues but also diseases and natural disasters, resilience is an extremely important determinant for poverty reduction. It encompasses aspects of household income generating capacity and diversification, ownership of agricultural and nonagricultural assets, access to safety nets and basic services as well as household stability and adaptive capacity to shocks” (Adato & Basset, 2009, p. 1). Impact on economic situation and labor A study on UCTs in Uganda, the governmen handed out a lump sum of roughly a yearly salary ($382), to young applicants aged 18-34 with no condition being placed on the use of the money and no compliance monitoring, an integral part of CCTs. The study found that after two years, the studied group experienced a 49% increase in earnings and a 41 % increase after four years due to the fact that they invested the grant in “skills and business assets”. Overall they were 65 % more likely to possess a trade in comparison with the control group who had not received the UCT. The study thus found that a UCT served as a “bridge to economic opportunity” (Blattmann, Fiala & Martinez, 2013), that return on investment is indeed high can not only lead to a short-term increase in earnings but can impact long-term income (Blattmann, Fiala & Martinez, 2013). A major concern with the unconditionality of UCTs in comparison to CCTs, is that the money would first of all, be squandered on alcohol and tobacco and not invested in poverty-alleviating activities and assets and especially finding work. However, every single study evaluated in the scope of this paper repudiates these assumptions, with labor supply commonly increasing upon receiving a UCT. The case study by Blattman et al on Uganda showed that the number of hourse worked even by 17% (Blattmann, Fiala & Martinez, 2013; Handa & Otchere, 2016). Health and Education To increase health and education is not only pivotal with regard to being able to acquire work and escape power in that way, it is also essential in the fight against the AIDS epidemic for example, that is a major disruptor of livelihood systems and the propensity to avoid poverty (Adatao & Basset, 2009). One body of research from the New Zealandic University of Otago, studied the effectiveness of UCTs on the use of health services and health outcomes in vulnerable children and adults in lower and middle income countries (Pega, Walter, Liu, Pabayo, Lhachimi & Saith, 2014). It concluded that UCTs may improve some health outcomes such as the likelihood of having been food secure, the level of dietary diversity and the likeliness of having had any illness while also improving the likelihood of having attended school, a social determinant of health, yet, the overall effectiveness of UCTs on health outcomes remained uncertain (Pega et al, 2014). A comprehensive study by M. Adato and A Bassett (2009) on the impact of CCT (Latin America) and UCT (Sub-Sahran Africa) on education and health, found that the impact in Africa is underresearched. The health impact in Malawi was measured to be an decrease of 13 % of illness in the past month among children, an improved overall health for household members when income is pooled and in Zambia, the data showed reduced incidences of illness by 12 and 14 percentage points for children and the elderly and increases in enrolment in secondary education ranging from 5-10 % (Adato & Bassett, 2009). Studies comparing UCTs and CCTs with respect to their impact in education and health show that CCTs are far more successful at increasing welfare in these two areas. A study in India on the impact of conditionality on school enrolement showed a difference of 43 %, even though UCT group participants also displayed an increase in school enrolment (Baird, Macintosh and Özler, 2011). Connecting resilience and the above illuminated factors, the researchers Handa & Otchere from the University of North Carolina set out to assess the impact of the Malawi Cash Transfer Program (SCTP) on the resilience of households and found that it had positively impacted “household production, asset ownership, income diversification and strengthening” (Handa & Otchere, 2016). As already referenced in the paragraph on the economic and labor impact of UTCs on households, the program has not led to a decrease in labor supply by members of households receiving the grant and that overall, the SCTP effected an increase in “food consumption, dietary diversity and food security (Handa & Otchere, 2016). The study concluded, that even though resilience was not an intended outcome of the UCT, the SCTP positively affected most markers of resiliency as defined in the beginning of this section. b. NGO approach to UCTs In 2010, the NGO GiveDirectly was founded with the aim of identifying poor households and giving them UTCs as a new charity model to directly increase the income of poor households and reduce barriers to getting out of poverty. The NGO operates in Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda, and is conducting studies on the impact of the UCTs regularly. In a study, using data from GiveDirectly, the research focused on the question ‘How do households respond to income changes?’ with the sample of the relatively poor region of Western Kenya and a one-time, unanticipated large cash transfer (Haushofer & Shapiro, 2016). Findings of the study included the increase in consumption and savings “in the form of durable good purchases and investment in their self-employment activities” and an increased expenditure on food but no increase in spending on temptation goods such as tobacco and alcohol and oftentimes even a decrease. Money was invested in cattle and one-off measures such as a metal roof. All in all, these investments led to an increase in income arising from agricultural and business activities. The findings also suggest that there is no significant spill-over effect at the community level into non-recipient households and that education (secondary school) and health outcomes were only slightly increased. Thus, in this model of UCTs, the cash transfer is found to have an impact on poverty only directly on the targeted household (Haushofer & Shapiro, 2016). The sum of the findings, is very much in line with studies conducted on UCTs as part of a government-administered policy scheme and thus NGOs could play a vital and independent role supplementing social protection in countries where UCT policy schemes are still a long way off. Conclusion I conclude that in many circumstances, especially where development assistance administered by state actors has failed to reach households, it can provide a cheaper, more efficient alternative for developing countries and NGOs alike to alleviate poverty by way of providing money directly to the poor. By providing a predictable source of income that is unconditional, the household members can plan ahead, spend the capital according to their self-identified needs and are able to take risks, such as investing in a business, that they would not have been able to do before. UCTS in the form of a lump have in several studies shown to have not only positive effects on the short-term economic situation of households but also impact overall resilience to shocks and a limited impact on health and education. The latter two aspects are, according to research on Latin American cash transfer schemes, better served by a CCT policy. Further research could look into the effect of conditionality versus unconditionality of cash transfers to assess the advantages and disadvantages of the schemes. The repeated finding that UTCs indeed decrease poverty for the selected households in adverse ways and the absence of notable negative effects on their welfare, leads me to conclude that they are effective at alleviating poverty at the micro level of the household not only guided by policy-makers but also NGOs, not least due to the technological advancements of international transfers and mobile phones. There is a prevailing preference by policy-makers for indirect poverty-alleviating measures such as in-kind or skills transfers. However, most studies observed in this paper explicitly demonstrated that the expected perverse effects of UCTs such as conflict in the household, disincentivation to pursue other poverty-mitigating behaviours and strategies and a negligible overall effect of UCTs on poverty reduction, have not occurred and are in some cases even the opposite (Haushofer & Shapiro, 2013; Handa & Otchere, 2016; Blattmann, Fiala & Martinez, 2013). Most relevant in this regard is the finding that UCTs increase the propensity to work (Blattmann, Fiala & Martines, 2013). Due to the limitation in scope of the paper, the selection of sources does not reflect the whole spectrum of findings on UCTs. On top of that, most studies have been conducted on the short-term effects and it remains to be seen whether the results achieved for the households will be maintained in the long-run. Furthermore, many questions in relation to UCTs have not been answered in the scope of this paper relating to multiplier effects of UCTs in economic and other dimensions, externalities of UCTs and the impact of recurring UCTs on poverty reduction.	https://webgamesday.com/1-a-high-proliferation-of-mobile-phones-in/
I highly recommend using some of the fantastic questions that are included on Don Steward’s Resource – English to alegbra I used this resource with my year 7s. I will admit it was certainly a challenge for them but the value of the activity was excellent. The resource starts off nice and simple and highlights many of the errors that the students commonly make. The subtle differences between some questions is excellent for this e.g. I think of a number, I multiply the number by 5 and then add 7 followed by a question that is similar but would be I think of a number, I add 5 and then multiply by 7. This led to some excellent conversations and me ensuring I was very clear in my explanations. The students seemed to really understand the concept that a number add 5 becomes a single entity, and so if I multiply this by 7 then the whole of the entity must be multiplied by 7. I was astonished that some of my students were able to correctly form and solve questions up to question 14! Like I said, I used this with my year 7 class. They genuinely seemed to understand what it was that was happening and I had previosly hammered home that the key word when solving equations is inverse. This did engage my students, to the point where one of them asked (after the lesson) how would you complete question 15 as there are no numbers. The language that is used is also excellent at showing that when a question involves an unkown, whether that is a number, a ? or a thing, that we can assign a letter to it and work through the problem using this letter. Many of my students commented on the use of the word ‘thing’ and simply stated that they assumed they were again assigning a letter to this. Once again, a fantastic point to address when looking at forming and solving equations. If you are contemplating an activity for forming and solving equations for any of your year groups, this activity should definitely be included. The link is below:	http://mrsmahoney.co.uk/don-steward-english-to-algebra-forming-equations/
This resource provides information about music copyright infringement cases from the mid-nineteenth century forward in the U.S. and, to an increasing extent, in foreign jurisdictions. Music Copyright Infringement: Global Perspectives On March 18, 2022, with financial sponsorship from Davis Wright Tremaine, George Washington University Law School’s Intellectual Property Program and University of Illinois, Chicago Law School held an online conference on adjudication of music copyright infringement disputes within various national copyright regimes in Asia, Europe, and North America. This was the first conference in which the views on infringement litigation of copyright academics and practitioners from diverse nations was discussed alongside those of musicologists and theorists. This cross-pollination of ideas relating to national copyright regimes and musical expertise might spark new insights into adjudication of music infringement disputes, as well as those involving other genres of expression, in the U.S. and overseas. We hope to hold, during academic year 2022-23, a more extensive, and largely in-person, discussion of this topic in Washington, at George Washington University Law School. *** Here is a link to a recording of the March 18, 2022 conference, provided by its co-sponsor, University of Illinois, Chicago Law School. Foreign cases We are expanding this project to include information about music copyright infringement cases litigated in courts outside the U.S. Readers can identify these by the 2- or 3-letter country code given in the cases list. While we do not anticipate providing the virtually comprehensive coverage that we offer for U.S. cases, we hope to provide a representative sampling of cases offering insights into similarities and differences in the handling and disposition of these disputes among various national copyright regimes. Patrick Savage, Associate Professor at Keio University in Tokyo, has shared with us documentation for Japanese music infringement cases he has studied in connection with his work on use of quantitative information to determine musical similarity. (Select the text “Creative Thinking about Musical Similarity” at the bottom of this page to learn more about his research.) ありがとうございました Pat! Jonathan Huber, a recent graduate at Hannover’s Hochschule für Musik, Theater und Medien, now working with GEMA in Munich, has provided us a valuable cache of information about German cases. These primary source materials were the basis of his Master’s thesis dealing with German music copyright infringement disputes between 1966 – 2020. Vielen Dank Jonathan! Leonie Schwanneke, student of Prof. Linda Kuschel at Bucerius Law School in Hamburg has offered to assist with drafting original commentary, and analyses of these cases. Vielen Dank ebenfalls an Leonie! Gauthier Lunardi, a law student at Université Grenoble Alpes, is gathering and contributing to this resource, documentation and commentary on music copyright infringement cases in France. Un grand merci, Gauthier! And many thanks to Prof. Daniel Müllensiefen of Goldsmiths, Univ. of London, and Robert Cason, Lecturer in Law, Univ. of Bristol, for their contribution of documents and commentary concerning disputes in Commonwealth nations including the UK, Australia, and Canada. Likewise, Chien-Chih Lu, recently minted Berkeley J.S.D., now Assistant Prof., National Chengchi University College, and accomplished jazz musician, has generously shared with us documentation he has gathered relating to recent music infringement cases in China and Taiwan. Previous news items … Katherine Leo’s (J.D.; Ph.D. musicology) book (2020) on the evolving role of “forensic musicologists” in litigating music copyright infringement disputes.	https://blogs.law.gwu.edu/mcir/
Few philosophers agree approximately what it's for anything to be paintings yet so much or all agree that paintings has to be by some means intention-dependent. magazine Uidhir exhibits that this requirement has radical implications for the character of artwork and of paintings kinds, for the ontology of paintings, and for concerns approximately authorship. summary: Read Online or Download Art and art attempts PDF Best aesthetics books New PDF release: The Triangle of Representation Relocating deftly between literary and visible arts, in addition to the trendy serious canon, Christopher Prendergast's ebook explores the which means and price of illustration as either a philosophical problem (What does it suggest to create a picture that "stands for" anything absent? ) and a political factor (Who has the fitting to symbolize whom? Where Heaven and Earth Meet: The Spiritual in the Art of - download pdf or read online Paintings has continually been vital for faith or spirituality. Secular artwork displayed in museums can be religious, and it really is this artwork that's the topic of this e-book. a few of the artistic endeavors produced by means of Wassily Kandinsky, Mark Rothko, Andy Warhol, and Anselm Kiefer are non secular in nature. those works show their very own spirituality, which regularly has no connection to respectable religions. Ethics and Images of Pain - download pdf or read online Few phenomena are as formative of our event of the visible international as monitors of ache. yet what does it suggest to have a moral event of annoying or traumatizing photographs? what sort of moral proposition does a picture of ache mobilize? How might the spectator study from and utilize the painful snapshot as a resource of moral mirrored image? - Transfigurements: On the True Sense of Art - Post-Classical Hollywood: Film Industry, Style and Ideology since 1945 - Art and Enlightenment: Scottish Aesthetics in the 18th Century - Understanding Love: Philosophy, Film, and Fiction - The Aesthetics of Failure: Inexpressibility in Samuel Beckett's Fiction - Aesthetics in present future : the arts and the technological horizon Extra info for Art and art attempts Sample text 27 For example, presumably being a space–time object is a trivial necessary condition for being a chair. Now consider being an artifact. , chair only if artifact), but at ﬁrst blush it also seems to be substantively so. However, closer scrutiny reveals being an artifact to be a trivial necessary condition for being a chair. That is, although being a chair entails being an artifact, being an artifact is not itself a distinct, substantive condition a thing must satisfy in order to be a chair. To illustrate this slightly better, suppose for sake of argument the following crude deﬁnition of what it is to be a chair: Something is a chair just in case that thing (i) is made for the purpose of being sat upon, and (ii) is able to be sat upon as the result of being so made. That is, w comes to be regarded in way r1 in manner É as the result of the r1-attempt, and so w is art. First Putative Failed-Art Case: w is the product of a failed r1-attempt. That is, w is not regarded in way r1 as the result of the r1-attempt, and so w is not art but failed-art. Second Putative Failed-Art Case: w is the product of a failed r1-attempt. That is, w is regarded in way r1 but not in manner É as the result of the r1-attempt, and so w is not art but failed-art. Putative Non-Art Case: w is the product of an r1-attempt, but w is regarded in way r1 only by pure accident. 19 For Levinson, to (non-passingly) form the appropriate intention is ipso facto to succeed in making art. As a result, the “failure” to make art entails, not the failure of an art-attempt, but merely the absence of the appropriate intention, from which it follows that there can be no such thing as a failed-art-attempt and ipso facto no such thing as failed-art. , That the arrangement of Bok globules in IC 2944 be regarded for its formal properties. That the power set of the Reals (the set of Real Numbers) be regarded for its expressive properties.	http://new.yarar.ru/library/art-and-art-attempts
Will the pandemic shore up inequality or bring change? Throughout recorded history, pandemics have been effective levelers of social and economic inequality, but that might not be the outcome this time around, says historian Walter Scheidel. (Credit: Spencer Platt/Getty Images) Throughout recorded history, pandemics have been effective levelers of social and economic inequality. This time, too? As the world struggles against the current coronavirus crisis, could social and economic transformations follow as before? Below, Stanford University historian Walter Scheidel takes on this question, looking at how disease outbreaks in the past disrupted the status quo and catalyzed change. For example, the Black Death, the bubonic plague that tore through Europe and the Middle East from 1347 onward, led to collective bargaining and an end to feudal obligations. But these transformative changes came at a devastating cost—a third of all people in Europe and the Middle East lost their lives, Scheidel notes. How have pandemics changed history? What makes them such a powerful changemaker? A Throughout recorded history, the most dramatic and violent ruptures were also the most effective levelers of social and economic inequality: the collapse of states, the world wars, the great communist revolutions. The worst pandemics belong in the same category. In pre-modern societies, they sometimes killed so many people that labor became scarce and the demand for land fell. This enabled workers to charge higher wages while landowners earned less: for a while, the rich became less rich and the poor less poor. In addition, the experience of plague undermined confidence in secular and religious authorities, encouraging commoners to question existing hierarchies and explore alternatives. This dynamic is well documented for the Black Death, a catastrophic pandemic of plague that ravaged Europe and the Middle East from 1347 onward. Maybe a third of all people lost their lives, and in some places even more. In Western Europe, as the surviving workers earned higher incomes, they could afford better food and clothing. Meanwhile, nobles and elite landlords found it hard to maintain their extravagant lifestyles. They tried to push back, but with mixed results. In England, they failed to enforce ordinances meant to compel workers to stay put and keep working for low pre-plague wages. Rural workers resented efforts to uphold these rules, which blatantly favored employers, and also called for the abolition of feudal obligations. Even though a peasant uprising was put down, the wealthy ended up bargaining with the shrunken labor force in order to secure employees and tenants. In Eastern Europe, by contrast, the upper class maintained a united front against the peasantry, forcing it to submit to onerous labor obligations. This shows that, by itself, the plague was not enough to level: local political power structures played a critical role in shaping overall outcomes. Q The coronavirus has already upended much of society, and in ways that appear to increase, rather than lower, inequality. How does that mesh with your thesis? A Even in the worst-case scenario, the current pandemic will be far less lethal than the great plagues of the past, and therefore less disruptive. In the short term, it is almost certain to reinforce existing disparities. A divide has opened up between white-collar workers who are able to conduct their business from home and are less likely to lose their jobs and others who are either at the mercy of short-term relief programs or face greater risk of viral exposure in many of the jobs that remain. African Americans face higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Some students struggle to participate in online education because their households lack the necessary resources. The inequalities that account for these diverse experiences have long been with us but now make themselves even more painfully felt than usual. Further down the line, while the affluent have reason to hope that their portfolios will recover much as they did after the financial crisis of 2008, more vulnerable groups will have a hard time with persistent unemployment, precarity, debt, and perhaps even less affordable health care. Q Does the current crisis have the potential to turn into a “great leveler” for society? A This very much depends on the severity of the crisis. If science lives up to expectations and allows us to contain the virus within a reasonable amount of time, and if the global economy avoids a full-fledged depression, we will most likely return to some version of business as usual, with some tweaks at the margins. In that case, economic inequality will remain high or even grow, for the reasons I mentioned before. Society may well end up even more polarized. But if outcomes are worse than we expect—if the virus proves intractable or the economic meltdown is more persistent—misery and discontent could rise to an extent that makes more radical departures from the status quo seem attractive or even unavoidable. Government may be forced to intervene more aggressively in the private sector, and a sufficiently large share of the electorate may come to support redistributive programs that revamp health care, strengthen worker protections, and impose a heavier tax burden on the wealthy to help foot the bill. This would not be the first time in our nation’s history this has happened: in the 1930s, the New Deal responded to unprecedented hardship in ways that put America on a trajectory toward significantly lower income and wealth inequality—even if it took World War II to boost and solidify this trend. Q Which of these outcomes do you think is more likely, and why? A Right now, preservation of the status quo seems more likely. The forces that seek to maintain plutocratic and corporate dominance are very powerful and influential. But there is also a more counterintuitive reason. Here in Silicon Valley, we like to think of science and technology as relentless drivers of open-ended innovation. Yet in this case, science is poised to act as a brake on societal change: The more rapidly labs and pharmaceutical companies come up with effective treatments and vaccines, the less disruptive the crisis will be and the sooner we can revert to some version of normalcy. This deliverance is what we are all waiting for, and rightly so: It would be rather strange to hope for even greater misery to unleash transformative change. But we must not forget that any return to normalcy will also help preserve the great structural inequalities that weigh down America.
We must seek to not only replace legacy radio functionality, but to enable network-centric warfare across the joint battlespace through the use of advanced mobile, ad hoc network capable devices. JTRS delivers interoperability to the tactical edge In order for the U.S. military to be a truly superior fighting force, we must extend the power of the Global Information Grid (GIG) to the tactical edge to provide real-time battlefield awareness and enable timely decision-making. The Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) delivers this capability by building a powerful network of Soldiers, ground vehicles, sensors, ships and airborne platforms, enabling true networking and joint interoperability for the first time between all four DoD services across the tactical edge of the entire battlespace. Using legacy systems, situational awareness stops at the command center, limiting the amount of information that can flow to or from the actual engagement. This lack of a networked information flow leads to latency in shared data, the inability of ground troops to expand their network vertically to receive cross-service air or maritime support and difficulty in tracking friendly versus enemy forces on the battlefield. Additionally, capability upgrades have been arduous, as the radio industry paradigm has been a closed, proprietary model in which industry typically retains most software and hardware intellectual property rights. This model requires the services to continuously invest with an individual vendor for each capability upgrade. Furthermore, the services typically chose different radio vendors, diluting DoD's ability to leverage economies of scale. Utilizing this model, the overall cost to innovate/upgrade and field in mass quantities was inflated, limiting the ability to effectively field new capability and constraining joint interoperability. JTRS provides mobile, ad hoc networking In order to combat this traditionally costly and disjointed system, the Joint Program Executive Office (JPEO) was formed in 2005 to provide joint oversight to the JTRS technology. The JPEO portfolio consolidates separate service-led and service-specific radio programs into a single, joint development effort and is comprised of five ACAT ID programs: Ground Mobile Radio (GMR); Airborne, Maritime and Fixed Station (AMF); Handheld Manpack, Small Form Fit (HMS); Multifunctional Information Distribution System-JTRS (MIDS JTRS); and Network Enterprise Domain (NED). The GMR, AMF, HMS and MIDS JTRS programs leverage the waveform and network management capability provided by NED to develop and field the JTRS sets. The advanced networking capabilities are made possible by incorporating transformational waveforms, such as the Wideband Networking Waveform (WNW) and Soldier Radio Waveform (SRW), as well as legacy waveforms, such as Single Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System (SINCGARS), Enhanced Position Location Reporting System (EPLRS), Link 16, Ultra High Frequency Satellite Communications (UHF SATCOM) and HF. The incorporation of legacy waveforms, as well as the development of new waveforms, has allowed continued success across the JPEO enterprise in developing joint technology and furthering the goal of joint warfighting capability. The JPEO vision is focused on enabling network-centric warfare through the use of advanced mobile, ad hoc networking-capable JTRS devices. JTRS systems are organic to tactical forces and not dependent on fixed infrastructure to move high-bandwidth data, dramatically improving decision superiority and battlespace flexibility. Unlike cellular and other mobile devices that require extensive arrays of fixed-site towers, relay stations or complex satellite constellations in order for users to communicate seamlessly while on the move, JTRS allows for those functions to be done within each radio device. This functionality is far beyond what a regular "radio" has ever had the ability to do and is critical to providing battlefield efficiency of the network as well as a common operational picture for the warfighter. JTRS continues to make headway and drive forward with systems that are born joint and evolve to encompass changing technology without an unacceptable risk to joint/allied interoperability. As a result of the JTRS program, a joint tactical networking environment is within reach, in which all services can communicate in real time by video, chat, data or voice, in uncharted, uncertain terrain. For the first time, these communications will encompass for warfighters high-bandwidth information (including sensor information from joint and national assets) over a single network, delivering true, interoperable, network capability at the tactical edge. JTRS connects the ground, air and maritime domains, not only with each other, but also with the GIG. JTRS employs an innovative acquisition model Facilitating this interoperable network is a software-defined architecture which enables the porting (or loading) and reuse of a standard suite of software products, including the waveforms used to transmit the data, on a wider variety of hardware configurations. The ability to port and reuse standard software products allows JTRS sets to provide continued flexible technology insertion and product refresh without risk to interoperability, as well as the ability to expand to include coalition and allied fighting forces on the battlefield, further harnessing the power of the network as a true force multiplier. Today, JTRS is demonstrating that success both in the testing and in the fielding of JTRS products. For example, the AMF program offers two different form factors [AMF-Maritime-Fixed (M-F) and AMF-Small Airborne (SA)] based on a single common architecture that is designed to meet the airborne and maritime-fixed station requirements for advanced networking capabilities (such as vertically extending the ground network). The Navy is currently planning to procure AMF-Maritime-Fixed radios for multiple platforms such as the CVN, DDG, SSN, SSBN, LHD and LPD, as well as the AMF Small Airborne radio for the E-2 aircraft. AMF JTRS is currently on contract for the Engineering and Manufacturing Development phase, and development is fully funded and on track to deliver EDMs meeting user need dates. Specifically, AMF offers the Navy a better solution than the DMR radio, providing four full duplex channels with simultaneous combinations of Mobile User Objective System (MUOS) and UHF SATCOM for the AMF-Maritime-Fixed, and two full duplex channels with simultaneous combinations of WNW, SRW, Link 16, MUOS and on the AMF-Small Airborne, offering one design with one waveform port and packaged for platform integration. Additionally, the MIDS-JTRS program supports the airborne and maritime community by providing secure, jam resistant transmission/ reception of Link 16 messages for joint/allied interoperability and situational awareness. In demonstrating superior capability, MIDS-JTRS has completed nine successful tactical air navigation (TACAN) flights and three Link 16 flights to date. Additionally, both HMS and GMR programs afford advanced support to the ground warfighter. HMS is currently developing small-form fit factors that provide tactical networking for soldiercarried handheld and manpack radios, specifically the Rifleman Radio, which is a single-channel, Type 2 encryption set with SRW and commercial GPS, delivering protected voice and situational awareness data. JTRS Manpack and GMRs are designed to complement the Rifleman Radio, extending networking capability (via WNW and SRW) from the command post/vehicle to the squad leader. GMR supplies secure communications and enables simultaneous multimedia communications over independent channels to ground vehicle platforms like the Standard Integrated Command Post System Carrier, Abrams Tank, Bradley Fighting Vehicle, High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle, Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle, and the Light Armored Vehicle. Both GMR and HMS have conducted multiple successful testing and field experimentations. As JTRS demonstrates success and fielding of capabilities, the JPEO's business model and acquisition process have formed the foundation for affordable capability that can be delivered before the technology reaches commercial obsolescence. The majority of our IT and networking infrastructure is software-based, which creates opportunities for new ways of thinking. This has afforded DoD the ability to establish open standards/open architecture approaches to create the necessary commonality for our systems. JTRS promotes competition through a paradigm-busting business model JTRS is applying several methodologies as part of an innovative Enterprise Business Model (EBM), including negotiation for Government Purpose Rights (GPR) for all JTRS software, promoting competition in production, and establishing a JTRS Information Repository (IR) to maintain and reuse this software for current and future capabilities. Through this process, JTRS vendors provide GPR for their software and place the code in the IR. JPEO JTRS then controls access to the IR for capability improvement and enhancement. Using this infrastructure process, JTRS has created a secure, Common Enterprise Architecture, as well as other standards, including application program interfaces (APIs), software architecture and key tags, to ensure that JTRS software is consistently applied across several hardware platforms. The significance of this approach is in providing a foundation for increased software reuse and portability, which reduces life-cycle cost and maximizes communications/networking interoperability across multiple radio platforms. The Enterprise Business Model is a competitive approach, qualifying at least two sources of production for all JTRS products and competing buys in lots, maximizing competition in production to reduce unit costs. This allows DoD to take advantage of competition when real cost savings can be realized in production. This model mirrors the U.S. Army's UAV Ground Control Station program and the U.S. Navy's Acoustic Rapid COTS Insertion (ARCI) model, which is leveraged by the submarine community, for open architecture approaches. Since implementing this approach, JTRS has seen a significant return on investment. For example, the JPEO developed a Consolidated Single-Channel Handheld Radio (CSCHR) contract, a full and open competition for production of JTRSapproved single channel handhelds, and awarded contracts to two vendors. The result was both an early delivery of JTRS capabilities and a cost savings for DoD of $428 million since contract award in June 2007. Clearly, this type of business approach not only provides competition and cost savings, but also provides a strategy for breaking the proprietary gridlock paradigm noted earlier. Overall, the JTRS program is nearing completion of the core development activities necessary to field the full JTRS capability. Already there are more than 84,000 single-channel handheld JTRS radios that are either in the field or on order by the services. This is a significant achievement in replacing outdated and/or inferior legacy radios with more secure and higher-capability JTRS sets. With thousands of units already in the field, and many more only months away, JTRS is delivering a business model that promotes not only efficiency in development, but overall value for the DoD and taxpayers. JTRS connects the ground, air and maritime domains with each other and with the GIG With the JTRS capability, the interoperable communications required during conflict engagements no longer stop at the command center, but now extend out to the warfighters on the move at the frontlines. As a result, our warfighters are being equipped with the necessary networking and communications capabilities to ensure their utmost safety and competitive advantage over their adversaries. The JTRS concept of providing a truly joint, mobile, ad hoc, secure network that extends beyond the command center and to the tactical warfighting edge is a reality. In today's operating environment, with the U.S. military facing new tactical challenges and a more versatile and lethal enemy on the battlefield, it is critical that the DoD deploys cutting-edge technologies that not only begin and remain joint, but also evolve and improve over time. JTRS reaches across the joint battlespace to enhance the efficacy and security of our warfighters, the United States and its allies. For more information about the JTRS program, go to the JPEO JTRS Web site at http://jpeojtrs.mil. Dennis Bauman was appointed the Joint Program Executive Officer of the Joint Tactical Radio Program in March 2005 granting him with dual responsibilities as the senior executive for C4I and Space and JTRS. In August 2006, he was assigned full-time duty as JPEO JTRS where he directs all waveform, radio and common ancillary equipment development; performance and design specifications; standards for operation of the system; and JTRS engineering. Additionally, Mr. Bauman oversees the cost, schedule and performance evaluation for all JTRS activities as well as the program at large. CHIPS is an official U.S. Navy website sponsored by the Department of the Navy (DON) Chief Information Officer, the Department of Defense Enterprise Software Initiative (ESI) and the DON's ESI Software Product Manager Team at Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific.	https://www.doncio.navy.mil/chips/ArticleDetails.aspx?ID=2641
Search the Community Showing results for tags 'Typography'. Found 120 results - Serious issue with drop caps FlatCat posted a topic in Discussions and Suggestions for Affinity Publisher Beta on DesktopIf one cares about the end typographic level, there is a serious issue, as far as I can see, with the drop caps feature in Publisher. The top of a drop cap should align with the tops of capital letters on the first line next to it. I haven’t tested every single font of mine, but most come in on various distances lower than that. Other than your standard Arial, only two fonts, Caslon and Bodoni are acceptable. I would not use the drop cap function until fixed. There is also a possibility to align the drop cap to the left, which works fine on some fonts/letters, however not at all on others… Other design software offer a possibility to fix this manually by adding a word space before the drop cap, then giving it a minus distance (as first line indent). But Affinity only offers the possibility to make the indent wider. This is one of the professionals’ trade tricks, but we need them - Typography Dialog Renders Font Features Poorly Noctuvigilus posted a topic in Report bugs in Publisher beta on WindowsFor most fonts selected, the rendering of the font features is unhelpful and just looks bad. To reproduce, open the 1.7.0.249 beta version of Publisher, pick a font, and click the Typography button. I see the following on Windows 10 Pro 1803. - No OpenType superscript moononthebones posted a topic in Report bugs in Publisher beta on MacI'm using the font Basier Square (from here: http://atipofoundry.com/fonts/basier) in Affinity Publisher Beta, but the OpenType superscripts don't work or appear in the typography panel. I'm using Affinity Publisher Beta 1.7.0.257 on macOS 10.14.3; the problem also occurred in the previous beta. Using the same font in Affinity Designer 1.6.5 gives me the option to use OpenType superscripts and they appear correctly. Can you help me resolve why the two programs are running differently? Ben - Publisher ignores kerning pairs of Postscript Type1 fonts ves2 posted a topic in Report bugs in Publisher beta on MacPublisher has problems using the integrated kerning pairs of Postscript Type1 fonts. It ignores them! I noticed this with extreme pairs like LT. In new OpenType fonts this works correctly. Not so with Postscript Type1 – no matter if the AFM files or only the font suitcases are included. - Where is text arching options in Affinity Designer? Nithin posted a topic in Affinity on Desktop Questions (Mac and Windows)Hi, I have tried alot to find out the text arching features like lower arching upper arching features in Affinity Designer as well as free transforming of texts but all in vain. Examples of which I have attached(taken from google). So far I have to use adobee illustrator to do these arching and transforming and take it back to affinity designer which is really time consuming. Is there this feature already or are you guys planning to release it anytime soon? Its a big let downbecause so important these features are - More typographic features - Discretionary ligatures achilles177 posted a topic in Suggestions for the Affinity Suite of ProductsIt would be useful to introduce more advanced features, like Discretionary Ligatures that could be useful with fonts like Chartwell. https://www.fontfont.com/how-to-use-ff-chartwell - Full-paragraph type composition Chrysogonus posted a topic in Discussions and Suggestions for Affinity Publisher Beta on DesktopLike everyone else, I am absolutely thrilled about the beta, and can't wait to see how it develops. One of the key reasons to use LaTeX or InDesign over Microsoft Word is their superior type composition. While Word simply dumps in text as it occurs, without regard to spacing or line breaks, these other programs look at an entire paragraph to remove rivers of type, reduce the need for hyphenation, and so forth, just as human type compositors do. In TeX, this is the Knuth-Plass Line Breaking Algorithm; InDesign has the Adobe Paragraph Composer (which it uses by default, but also has an option to turn this off with a single-line composer). Implementing this in Affinity Publisher would make it far easier to produce professionally typeset documents. - Variable Fonts Instances Thom posted a topic in Designer Beta on MacHello, It seems that Affinity recognises the Instances in a variable font. That is good. Also the contours of these instances are looking okay! The problems is with the advance width of the glyphs. These stay the same though-out all the instances. That is wrong. The advance width can also be variable and need to be addressed. Hope it helps! Thom - Variable Fonts Interface Thom posted a topic in Suggestions for the Affinity Suite of ProductsHello, We need and extra interface/panel for the variable fonts. All the 'visible' axes need to populate that, so we can fiddle around with these and get in realtime visible output on the pages. How these interfaces must look like? Maybe, for a start, just as Illustrator has now, with sliders? Later, more refined controls. Some axes are just on/off switches (checkboxes). Maybe a font with a two axes designspace should have a square view where the user can drag a location in and so control the two axes at once... (thinking out loud here) Thom - Unable to use Hindi ligatures stealthytato posted a topic in Bugs on iPadWhen using the Artistic Text tool to type Hindi words (devnagiri script), ligatures are not properly supported even though ligatures are turned on in character options. This problem persists even when pasting in text that is correctly typed in another app (Notes). For reference, the second word in the image should show up as “श्रीवास्तव.” - Google Fonts Integration ihendrih posted a topic in Suggestions for Affinity Designer on iPadHi, It wold be lovely to have google fonts browser integrated directly into Affinity Designer for iPad. So you can browse through type catalog and have search criteria like serifs, sans-serif, condensed, display etc... Also Adobe Type would be nice but i konow that is far fetched :) Cheers! Igor - Please keep Design, Photo and Publisher separate, focused apps. Stephen_H posted a topic in Suggestions for the Affinity Suite of ProductsI see lots of typography-based feature requests for Affinity Designer. This is not surprising since a lot of us are designers using very mature Adobe software and text wrap, linked text boxes, bullets, columns etc are all essential features for layout. However, we have Photo for photo editing, Designer for illustration and [hopefully soon] Publisher for layout. I think a lot of these "essential" typo features are being requested because Publisher has not yet been released. Designer should not get these advanced type features because they are aimed at layout, not illustration. Typo features that should be in Designer, should be limited to artistic effects like envelope distortions for warping and advanced text on path. My rule of thumb would be "if I can use the feature to design a logo, then it should be in Designer, if it's needed for a brochure, then it should be in Publisher". If we look at the Adobe line-up... sure Illustrator has got a truckload of text features that allow you to do typographic layouts, but I think that's part of Adobe's failings. I have designers who work for me who make me tear my hair out when they insist on using Illustrator for a 20 page brochure – it's possible but it's not the right tool for the job. Then they go and design a logo in PhotoShop – again, possible, but not the tool for the job. (Illustrator REALLY lost the plot when they added multiple pages/artboards) I think this comes from the fact that for many years, Adobe has been adding features from other applications and calling them "upgrades". Instead of innovation and reworking old tools, we just get shared feature sets. This is exactly what I consider to be "application bloat". I hope the developers at Affinity don't give in to all the requests to add missing features to Designer, when these missing features are actually a request for a missing application. Please Affinity, keep your apps focussed, efficient, streamlined and well-considered. Please don't turn all of them into a Jack-of-all-trades. Your pricing is low enough to force me by Publisher if I need typographic features. I'm concerned that when Publisher comes out, customers will pick and choose which, single app they want based on a collection of broad features that satisfy 70% of their needs, and then complain that it's missing features. Rather, we should buy the suite and get all the features we need, than try to get one app upgraded to the point where we don't need the others. I guess my post could also read "Please speed up delivery of Publisher", or at least give us a few more teasers – even just a full feature list of version 1.0 so we can stop asking for what is already on its way. Thanks guys for great software. I'm very optimistic for the future – a future without the need to have Adobe software on my computer. (and great typographic tools in Publisher is the last stepping stone to that future) :) - Localised typographic quotes anweid posted a topic in Discussions and Suggestions for Affinity Publisher Beta on DesktopAffinity Publisher 1.7.0.174 on Windows 7, 64bit (German) can auto-correct standard quotes into typographic quotes, which is very useful and a more-or-less standard feature in all serious writing software. Unfortunately, it appears that it can only correct English quotes ("stuff" into “stuff”). It would be nice if the auto-correction would take into account the currently selected language and use the most-often-used quote characters of that language, e.g. (zoomed for better visibility, would even be better with a serifed font): English: “text” and ‘text’ (as is already done) German: „text“ and ‚text‘ French: « text » and ‹ text › (plus others). This should more or less work flawlessly with the double quotes, but might be undesirable with the single quotes, because here, a closing German single quote (looking like a 6) and a German apostrophe (looking like a 9) cannot be distinguished via the usual algorithm. The same is valid for French (it's easy for English, because there, both apostrophe and closing single quote look the same). My suggestion for an algorithm with which to discern closing quotes and apostrophes would be as follows (as far as I know, no other program does that): If a single quote is entered and the character before it is a space or opening bracket or similar, replace the single quote by an opening single quote (this is already done and should always yield nice results). If a single quote is entered and the character before it is not one of the above, replace the single quote by a closing single quote (this is already done and yields good results, but might be wrong if apostrophes are desired). (this is new) If a 'normal' textual character is entered and the character directly before it is a closing single quote, replace that closing single quote by an apostrophe. This would mean that in case of writing the words it's nice, the single quote would be replaced two times, but at least the end result would be correct... To make it worse, some languages support more than one type of quotes: E.g., since the usual German quotes don't look very nice typographically, most German books use »this type«. Therefore, it would be wonderful if the user could select the auto-correction characters language-dependent manually. One could either include a (rather long and tedious) list of supported languages (as in the screenshot taken from a German text processor, which only supports typical languages used by Germans and is therefore not enough), or offer some edit fields for the user to fill in, as is currently done in PagePlus (which is nice). Andreas Weidner - I couldn’t find any way to set the baseline of a text frame depend upon a typeface’s x-Height i/o it’s Ascenders. IMHO, it’s kinda essential for vertical aligning —sentence case or capitalised case— text blocks properly. Sorry for the screenshot, I’ve just tried to explain myself more clearly. - Working with text Schwabby posted a topic in Affinity on iPad QuestionsI am trying to accomplish something I do in Illo all the time but can’t seem to do in affinity. i like to convert my type to paths, and then merge the shapes. in Affinity I have converted the text to curves and then used the add command but it still won’t merge. See image for the overlap not going away. its almost as if I am missing a step after I convert the type to curves. Anyone have the answer? - OpenType support missing Fahneflycht posted a topic in Report bugs in Publisher beta on WindowsSorry to nag about an esoteric issue that is probably of no concern to the vast majority of DTP users -- to me, however, it is highly important that the automatic typesetting of long s in Gerhard Helzel's open type fonts function properly - which is still not the case with build 1.7.0.133 (win). If the automatic long s-function can't be implemented in Apub for some reason, I would have to continue to use Word, where this function works flawlessly, even as Word is rather clumsy to use in so many other aspects of DTP. But if this particular function works so well with Word, why can't it be done in Apub? Would seem to me that a skillful programmer could solve this quickly. However, as I am no programmer myself, I may be making an inference that is way beyond the scope of my knowledge, so please pardon me if I'm mistaken in this regard. https://forum.affinity.serif.com/index.php?/topic/67933-opentype-support/&tab=comments#comment-351320 - Further notes on OpenType Functionality Fahneflycht posted a topic in Report bugs in Publisher beta on WindowsHi again, One more suggestion regarding OpenType features in APub beta build 1.0.7.139: One feature that I found helpful in Page Plus was the ability to select individual OpenType features such as the ability to display capital letters as smallcaps (see screenshot; useful e.g. to construct lists of content where the capitals are to be retained) as well as to select individual ligatures. Some fonts offer historical ligatures, e.g. ct with a hook over the c, which may be appropriate in some situations but not in others. In PagePlus you could (to the extent the functionality is available in the particular font) select to omit such ligatures while retaining others in it. Particularly helpful was the checkbox list where the available features could be selected or deselected on an individual basis. APub so far seems to offer “all or nothing” in this regard. On my wish list for Apub would be such an individual checkbox list feature as was available in PagePlus. Thank you for your consideration of this suggestion. Fahneflycht - Stylistic sets not properly memorised anweid posted a topic in Report bugs in Publisher beta on WindowsAffinity Publisher 1.7.0.139 on Windows 7 (64 bit, German) behaves as follows: Create a document with a text frame and insert some characters. From the 'Text Styles' panel, change the 'Base' group style by right-clicking on it and choosing 'Edit'. The 'Edit Text Style' dialog appears. Under 'Font', choose an OpenType font supporting several stylistic sets. Under 'Variants', switch some stylistic sets on by typing '1' into the corresponding edit fields (instead of the [No change] text). Click 'OK'. The stylistic changes should now be visible. Fine. Edit the 'Base' style again. This time, delete the numbers '1' from the stylistic set edit fields. The fields now display [No change] again. Fine. Click 'OK'. By some reason, the stylistic changes are still visible (nothing happened). Edit the 'Base' style again. Surprise: The previously entered numbers '1' have appeared again, even though they were thrown away the last time. Apparently, these settings can never be set to [No change] again. This also happens with any other paragraph style whose once defined stylistic sets should be removed again. It would be nice if one could get back to the [No change] setting for stylistic sets... Andreas Weidner PS: It might be that I don't understand the GUI in this case: In contrast to Affinity Designer and any other program I know, Affinity Publisher not only supports switching stylistic sets on or off, but can cope with the entry of numbers (e.g., 0, 1, 3, -4, etc.). I don't have the slightest idea what this means (and haven't found anything in the help pages, either)... - Symbols, Superscript Rocketdrive posted a topic in Report bugs in Publisher beta on WindowsI noticed two minor things today: 1) When detatching a symbol, the corresponding objects in the layers palette still have the orange bar that denotes a symbol 2) Highlighting two characters (asterisk and closing bracket) and clicking on the Superscript button didn't do anything to the characters. They just stayed as they were. - OpenType Support Fahneflycht posted a topic in Suggestions for Affinity Designer on DesktopI frequently create documents set in the traditional German Fraktur alphabet, which requires certain ligatures that are not used in texts set with ordinary Roman letters. The most important one of these is the use of the so-called long s (Unicode U+0073), which may not be used interchangeably with the normal so-called round s but is used according to certain rules. The best Fraktur fonts out there are those that have been digitized by Gerhard Helzel (see http://www.fraktur.biz/). His OpenType fonts have been programmed to employ all required ligatures including the long vs. round s. These fonts work perfectly with Word for Windows 2010 and later and with InDesign as well as with XeLaTeX and certain other freeware programs. Most of them (not all) also work with QuarkXPress 2015. With the beta version of Affinity Publisher, the automatic setting of long vs. round s doesn't work, although conventional ligatures do seem to work. On my wish list would be that the above-mentioned OpenType ligature automatic would work also with Affinity Publisher. - Viertel-Geviert or 'quarter-em'? Sabine 108 posted a topic in Discussions and Suggestions for Affinity Publisher Beta on DesktopIs there something like a 'quarter em', Viertel-Geviert in german. I use it as a small space to group telephone numbers. - Highlight colour and hard spaces Castle Al posted a topic in Discussions and Suggestions for Affinity Publisher Beta on DesktopHello again, I have few other questions: • Is it possible to choose another color for highlights? There is already quite much blue and I'de rather had them in a warmer easier way to see the highlghts immediately. • How can one fix a hard space (to avoid having a ":" at a sentence beginning)? • When searching a glyphs (":" in my case), they appear all in a list, but won't be highlighted all at once. • When clicking on a found element in the list, the highlight happens only if I select the "A" icon in the UI. It turns back to "A-frame" each time I click on the next searching line. With few dozen of the identical glyphe to be checked, it soon gets heavy. RECTIFICATION: In the meanwhile, Publisher quitted, and something changes when reopened. I went on with correcting the none hard spaced ":" and notice that, with "A-frame" icon on, a grey highlight appears now with search line selected. - Antidote integrated use Castle Al posted a topic in Discussions and Suggestions for Affinity Publisher Beta on DesktopHi folks, Using Publisher is allready almost delightfull! I remember when jumping from QXpress to InDesign, lots of glitches and frustrations where poping on screen again ans again: here NOT! I had some troubles with the search and replace, though, but I guess it was my way of clicking too many times on the "Replace all" button. ;/ As small editor, one thing would made of Publisher THE total ID killer: Antidote integration. As you probably all know, typography is a quite demanding matter (and maybe in french printing even more? - Or at least with different glyphs) and transfering text is sometimes a play with lots of unwanted changes. Is this feature in the pipeline already, or will it be in a near future? - Hyphenation still doesn't work frankwolfraum posted a topic in Report bugs in Publisher beta on MacAfter installing the latest Beta (1.7.0.58) I've made a test with hyphenations again. The result stays the same. No hyphens at all. If I change the directory from German to English, there is no difference. Any idea what my mistake is? No_Hyphen.afpub - Affinity Publisher: Microtypography Bauke posted a topic in Suggestions for the Affinity Suite of ProductsHello I'd like to stress the need for a (very) good justification engine in Affinity Publisher, in order to produce high quality text-heavy publications. Because I'm not sure what the status on microtypography in Publisher currently is, I'll drop this info for your consideration. In the 1990's type designer Hermann Zapf and engineer Peter Karow developed the Hz-program, a justification engine which has gained a somewhat mythological status. Its algorithm combines multiline composing, hanging punctuation with word-spacing, letter-spacing and most controversial: glyph-scaling. Adobe has bought the patent, but it's not known whether they actually use the program in InDesign. You can however change most of these parameters (word-spacing, letter-spacing and glyph-scaling) in the justification engine in InDesign with a minimum, maximum and optimal amount. In my opinion, a paragraph composer with these settings, combined with extensive hyphenation settings are an absolute must for professional typographers. Some sources on this topic: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtypography - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hz-program - http://www.typografi.org/justering/gut_hz/gutenberg_hz_english.html Thanks for your consideration!	https://forum.affinity.serif.com/index.php?/tags/Typography/
Omega-3 fatty acids in health and disease: part 2--health effects of omega-3 fatty acids in autoimmune diseases, mental health, and gene expression. Omega-3 fatty acids from marine and plant sources provide a wide range of benefits in several human health conditions. In vivo studies indicate that omega-3 fatty acids influence the course of several human diseases, including those that involve abnormal immune function, mental disorders, and genetic abnormalities in lipid metabolism. Omega-3 fatty acids are taken up by virtually all body cells and affect membrane composition, eicosanoid biosynthesis, cell signaling cascades, and gene expression. These fatty acids are especially important during human brain development; maternal deficiency of omega-3 fatty acids may lead to several neurological disorders. The review highlights recent findings on omega-3 fatty acids' influence on autoimmune diseases, mental health, and gene expression.
The Department of English and Creative Writing offers courses for all students who wish to enrich their understanding of literature and language and to develop their skills as readers and writers, enabling them to lead constructive and imaginative lives. The major offers creative writing and literature tracks, both of which offer students excellent training in the kind of clear writing, analytical reasoning, and creative thinking necessary for success in any career. In addition to off-campus study and internships, students take active roles in the Lake Forest College Press and the Lake Forest Literary Festival. Students and faculty regularly take advantage of a number of cultural resources that enhance their study of English, with trips to theaters like Chicago Shakespeare, Lookingglass Theater, Writers Theatre, and Second City. All english majors and minors are welcome to join in the celebration of our graduates. Why study English and Creative Writing?	http://www.lakeforest.edu/academics/programs/english/
What is Information? The Oxford Dictionary defines information as one of the most current event or event. Gerald W. Johnson and also William Stead also specified information as anything uncommon, interesting, or of public interest. Carrel Warren, as an example, defined news as “an item that is not usually recognized to the nonprofessional prior to it exists.” Others specify information as “a timely, vital thing of details, amusement, or passion.” The British Journal has actually additionally explained the relevance of information as a source of culture and amusement. Words information has a complicated background. It refers to the procedure of making a story right into a story. The initial method news was made was with newscasts. After that, the news was entered right into a paper. Later, information was sent to the print edition over a wire service and also embeded in kind. Today, commercial broadcasting cord networks supply news to consumers twenty-four hrs a day with online communications satellite technology. These solutions give damaging stories instantaneously as well as can be supplied to office or home tvs. The word news is an outdated term, as well as it has no historic value. It explains the procedures that reporters go through to develop stories. For instance, a journalist has to personally supply a published article to the newsroom. They have to physically bring it in and then kind it. In the past, damaging information was an unusual event. Those days are long gone. With the development of commercial broadcasting wire networks, breaking news can be fed to consumers instantaneously. The purpose of information is to educate individuals about current occasions and also help them make educated decisions. The word information has become routine because it is a document of an occasion. It is written with a purpose, extensive style, as well as it needs to be resolved to one audience. A good news story should influence its receivers to act, so they act. It’s insufficient to just report the information. It must stir the reader to do something about it, so it requires to provoke action. The purpose of information is to inform individuals of current occasions and also to affect the public’s viewpoints. It is important for the general public to be educated. The news is a necessary element of a democracy and also the globe’s democracy. It is a means for citizens to share their opinions. It also has the power to influence public policy. Yet the inquiry is, what is the purpose of news? Why is it vital? As well as what can it provide for the country? Information is a crucial part of culture. It keeps individuals notified of events as well as the happenings around them. It provides the power to choose. In turn, information is crucial to a nation’s health and wellness and well-being. It is additionally required to be a positive force in the globe. If information is not practical, it can not have a positive impact on its residents. It does not have any kind of result on the country’s economic situation. The primary objective of information is to inform the general public of unique events that might affect them. The goal of journalism is to inform individuals concerning all the occasions of basic human interest that have effects for the world. The best information is the most appropriate and interesting. It is not just informative but likewise edgy. As a matter of fact, it can even be questionable as well as cause controversy. But there is no such point as fake information. So, what is it? And what is the factor of news? While the news is a terrific method to educate individuals, it can likewise create a negative effect. It can impact your track record. While it is necessary to be straightforward and also genuine, you ought to always try to avoid reporting tales that don’t mirror reality. This can cause a lot of bad press and a decline in trust in the information. That’s why it is necessary to keep the news as accurate as feasible. This will certainly guarantee that it continues to be helpful and also reputable for the visitors. What is Information? Information is an account of an occasion that hasn’t been formerly released. It tries to educate, inform, as well as engage visitors. The purpose of news is to passion viewers as well as influence action. It is necessary that information be accurate and also unbiased. Ultimately, information must be true, yet make sure to make your visitors assume before releasing it. If you do, it will make your readers angry or depressing. If you’re concerned with what you’re doing, you can stay clear of that situation by remaining current on the most recent news. The term “news” is a combination of numerous various media genres. In addition to the standard newspaper, news agencies are specialized organizations that collect and disperse details from around the world. While information is a type of enjoyment, it also works as a resource of information. It provides context, meaning that it provides an useful solution for visitors. In addition, it gives a reliable source of precise information. Thus, the information is an excellent source of home entertainment as well as understanding. News is a fantastic source of info, as well as there are different kinds of news. Some of these are more pertinent to a certain audience than others. Expert news resources often tend to be much more trusted than novices, as they can generate even more web content. For instance, Al Jazeera is most likely to be a lot more widely read than mainstream media. Unlike preferred news sources, these magazines are a great way to get to individuals in far-off regions. It additionally makes it possible to interact with reporters from several countries. A news agency gathers and also distributes news from several sources. They don’t publish the news themselves, however share their expenses with customers. Some firms have substantial resources, whereas others are smaller sized. While some have limited resources, news agencies are essential to all electronic media. This is the crucial to a successful media business. So, if you wish to find out more concerning the market, you should initially recognize the distinctions between a media electrical outlet as well as a journalism site. The information industry is an important part of any type of society, and the significance of news can not be understated. The more you know about a specific topic, the more likely you’ll be able to make educated choices. For instance, you can use the details you discover in the media to assist you select the very best path forward. The news is additionally a resource of information. And also it can be a great source of enjoyment for your audience. “Check over here “ The Oxford Thesaurus specifies information as “a record of an event of human interest that was previously unknown.” In the British Journal, the meaning of information is more complicated. Basically, information is an account of what occurred on the planet. It educates viewers about present occasions, which they can use to make informed decisions. By knowing the realities and figuring out how news impacts a community, you can make an informed decision. So, if you want to know what is taking place on the planet, the information can help.	https://europeanbiotechnologist.com/2022/02/15/every-little-thing-you-need-to-understand-about-news/
What is a Solar Flare? Here’s a quick and easy to understand definition of what a solar flare is. Magnetic energy builds up in the solar atmosphere. Once this pent up energy reaches a certain level it can no longer be contained and is suddenly released in the phenomenon known as a solar flare. This massive release of energy can be equivalent to the explosion of millions of 100-megaton hydrogen bombs and emits radiation throughout the whole electromagnetic spectrum, from low energy radio waves, to visible light, to higher energy radiation such as x-rays and gamma-rays. Most solar flares have been known to have three stages. The first of these stages is known as the precursor stage. During this stage the initial release of magnetic energy is triggered and soft x-rays are emitted (NASA.gov). The second stage is called the impulsive stage. Different particles, such as protons, electrons, and heavy nuclei are heated up by the released magnetic energy and are accelerated into the solar atmosphere. During this stage we see radio waves, hard x-rays, and gamma-rays being emitted (NASA.gov). The final stage is dubbed the decay stage, in which the build-up and decay of soft x-rays can be observed. Solar flares reach out to the outermost layer of the Sun’s atmosphere, called the corona, which is made up of gasses that normally have temperatures of a few million degrees Kelvin, but during a flare these gasses can reach upward to 100 million degrees Kelvin. The number of flares that occur is directly related to the Sun’s eleven year cycle. When the cycle is near its minimum the numbers of active regions (areas where solar flares and sunspots occur) are fewer, hence less solar flares and when the cycle is near its maximum the inverse can be expected to occur, more active regions equaling more solar flares. The Sun reached its maximum in approximately 2011 (NASA.gov). Now that some of the basics are known about solar flares, it’s time to give credit where credit is due and acknowledge the discoverers of the solar flare. As it so often happens in the realm of astronomy, this phenomenon was observed by an amateur astronomer. The day was September 1st, 1859 and Richard Carrington observed four points of light coming from the surface of the Sun, while observing sunspot clusters near the Sun’s equator (WordPress.com). After checking his equipment for malfunctions and finding none that he could see he went back to continue his recording only to find the event much diminished and near its end. His observations were then validated by an independent observer named Richard Hodgson, who also saw the flare on the same day and proved the observation wasn’t due to an equipment malfunction. These two men are credited with the discovery of the solar flare and marked the beginnings of our understanding of these solar events.	http://www.actforlibraries.org/solar-flare/
Solving equations with an inequality (<, >) uses the same process as solving equations with an equal sign. Isolate the variable that you're solving for on one wide of the equation and put everything else on the other side. The only difference is that your answer will be expressed as an inequality (x > 5) and not as an equality (x = 5). An equation is two expressions separated by an equal sign. The key to solving equations is to repeatedly do the same thing to both sides of the equation until the variable is isolated on one side of the equal sign and the answer on the other. When solving quadratic equations, if the equation is not set equal to zero, first manipulate the equation so that it is set equal to zero: ax2 + bx + c = 0. Then, factor the quadratic and, because it's set to zero, you know that one of the factors must equal zero for the equation to equal zero. Finding the value that will make each factor, i.e. (x + ?), equal to zero will give you the possible value(s) of x.	https://www.asvabtestbank.com/math-knowledge/t/68/p/practice-test/140799/5
The knee is a complex structure comprised of numerous muscles, tendons, bones and cartilage, collectively forming a joint. The knee joint bears the weight of our entire body when we walk or run, and therefore, is prone to injuries. Fractures and dislocation of the knee can be easily identified by the pain and swelling of the joint; however, less severe injuries, such as sprains and soft tissue tears are not as easy to diagnose. This blog post discusses the signs and symptoms of seven common knee injuries and the ways to identify and treat them. Let’s begin! Types of Injuries 1. Fractures The patella is the most common bone in the knee that is prone to injury. However, the ends of the larger bones, tibia, and fibula, which form the joint could also fracture. Such injuries happen as a result of intense trauma such accidents and falling from notable heights. 2. Dislocation The dislocation of the knee joint occurs when the bones forming the joint are forced out of place, either partially or completely. Misalignment of the patella, tibia or fibula as a result of intense trauma in automobile collisions, sports and falls can cause complete dislocation of the bones. 3. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injuries Soccer, football, and basketball players are more prone to injuries of the ACL. Tearing of the ligament occurs when changing direction rapidly or impactful landing after jumps, along with injuries to the articular cartilage or meniscus in the knee. 4. Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Injuries Injuries to the posterior cruciate ligament often occur as a result of impact to the front of the knee, when it is in the bent position. Accidents and contact sports are the primary reasons for PCL injuries. Posterior cruciate ligament injuries are, however, not typically severe and the ligaments are capable of self-healing. 5. Collateral Ligament Injuries Injuries to the collateral ligaments are commonly caused by lateral forces that drive the knee sideways. Direct blows to the outer part of the knee can cause injuries to the medial collateral ligament, whereas impacts to the inside of the knee that push the knee outwards may injure the lateral collateral ligament. 6. Meniscal Tears Athletes who participate in contact sports are prone to such injuries. Meniscal tears occur when the knee joint is subjected to twisting, pivoting, cutting, or tackling. Arthritis and aging can also contribute to meniscal tears. 7. Tendon Tears Stretching and tearing of the patellar and quadriceps tendons can be painful. Such tears are common among the middle-aged people who participate in activities such as running or contact sports. Awkward landing from a jump, and falls from significant heights can also cause mild to severe injuries to the tendons. Symptoms of Knee Injuries Common signs and symptoms of knee pain could be- - Hearing a pop sound at the time of an injury - Having severe pain in the knee joint and surrounding area - Inability of move the knee - Inability to bear weight on the knee - Inflammation at the site of the injury Treatment Options Non-Surgical Many of the symptoms can be treated through the RICE methodology i.e. rest, ice, (gentle) compression, and elevation. Many knee injuries and problems could be improved through simple measures, such as: - Immobilization, wherein patients, have to wear a brace to prevent any knee movement. Patients would have to wear casts and use crutches in the case of fractures. - Physical therapy wherein specific exercises help in restoring the functioning of the knee and strengthen the surrounding muscles of the leg. - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines such as aspirin and ibuprofen may also provide relief from knee pain and reduce knee pain symptoms such as inflammation. In addition, a doctor also considers the age, severity of the injury, general health and activity level of patient before deciding the treatment options. Surgical Treatment Orthopedists resort to surgical procedures once they have exhausted all possible treatment options. Often fractures and multiple ACL tears need to be treated by surgical procedures such as arthroscopic surgery using minimally invasive instruments and small incisions. Many injuries, however, require traditional open surgery, with larger incisions and total or partial replacement of the knee joint. Wrapping Up Though there are several possible remedies and surgical options to help alleviate knee problems, patients need to consult a doctor as soon as they notice any of the symptoms we have discussed in the post. If you have been experiencing any of the symptoms it could be a sign that your knee joint is vulnerable to further damage. To book an appointment with one of our consultants, simply call +1-888-608-4762 or fill out our online booking form.	https://www.texashealthspineortho.org/blog/7-types-of-knee-injuries-and-their-treatments/
The authors provide a current summary of the best practices for diagnosis and management of pediatric concussions. - Evaluation and Management of Burn Injuries Although burn injuries are seen less frequently then they used to be, it is still critical for the acute care provider to stay current on best practices for the care of the burn patient. The authors provide an update on the evaluation and management of burn injuries. - Acute Trauma Care in the Era of SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 has affected every aspect of medical care. The authors discuss modifications of trauma care to protect both patients and providers. - Venomous Bites Humans increasingly invade the environments of venomous creatures. The authors provide a review of venomous creatures and what acute care providers need to manage the patients affected by them. - Approaches to the Hemorrhaging Pediatric Trauma Patient Clinicians might be surprised to learn that after central nervous system injury, hemorrhage/hemorrhagic shock is the second most common injury complex resulting in death for pediatric trauma patients. A thorough understanding of subtle presentations and management is essential to improve the outcome for these children. - Drugs of Abuse in Trauma Patients Part II: Central Nervous System DepressantsDrugs of abuse are commonly encountered in the trauma setting. Patient care may be affected by acute intoxication and chronic use of these substances. Central nervous system depressants can result in coma and respiratory depression in severe toxicity. The authors discuss common presentations, potential complications, and management of central nervous system depressants in the context of a trauma patient. - Stimulant-Based Drugs of Abuse in the Trauma PatientSubstance abuse is a major healthcare issue with effects on all aspects of patient care, including trauma. A large percentage of trauma patients have a positive drug screen, and acute and chronic abuse have impacts both on the acute and long-term management of these patients. This report is the first of a two-part series and focuses on stimulants and substances with sympathomimetic properties, with particular attention to the impact on the trauma patient. - Blunt Abdominal Trauma Blunt abdominal trauma is commonly encountered in any acute care center. Prompt recognition, assessment, diagnostic evaluation, and disposition are critical aspects that must be a part of every clinician’s expertise. - Pediatric Drowning Pediatric drowning events are associated with consequences varying from transient pulmonary symptoms to devastating neurologic disability. All acute care providers need to be prepared to diagnose and effectively manage a child with this type of injury. - An Anatomical Review of Trauma to the Mouth and Throat Trauma to the mouth and throat is very common. Fortunately, the majority of the injuries are minor, but early and timely recognition of critical, potentially devastating injuries is essential. The authors provide a thorough review highlighting critical injuries and their management.	https://www.reliasmedia.com/topics/trauma-reports
A patient with a compromised immune system or with a weak digestive and urinary system is prone to infections and illnesses. Infections can affect the physical and mental health of a patient, and also result in life-threatening situations. In severe cases, the patient may need intravenous fluid therapy (IFT) to recover from the infection. IFT provides the essential fluids and nutrients that are lost due to diarrhea and dehydration. IFT are transported in the patient’s body with IV tubing and IV catheter which is placed in the peripheral vein. The IV catheter is held in place with a sterile dressing. The CNA will usually be involved in insertion of the catheter, observing for any signs of infiltration (fluid is not flowing through the vein), infection and reporting any inconsistencies in the fluid flow. The CNA should not discontinue the IV line or make adjustments to the fluid flow, but report any issues such as change in the infusion rate, redness, swelling, to the nurse, who will then make the necessary adjustments. The CNA should also ensure that the IV line is not pulled when helping the patient change his clothes or perform other activities. The CNA should perform proper hand hygiene when coming in contact with the patient, to avoid infections. Also he/she should ensure that the catheter site is dry and clean. The CNA should also ask the patient if the IV site feels itchy, as it may indicate some problem, and report the findings to the nurse.	https://cnafreetraining.com/training-materials/specialized-care/infections-ift/
Young people from Westminster used their artistic talents to showcase their emotions and experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic and their feelings in support of the Black Lives Matter movement. In a project called the Westminster City Council’s Creative Collective, young people were tasked with producing original works of art of all kinds, including audio clips, short films, poems, paintings, drawings, statements or digital works, which reflect themes dominating the UK agenda. These included Lockdown, Resilience and Hope, Community, and Black Lives Matter. A selection of incredible works can now be seen in the Learning Gallery at the famous Saatchi Gallery, as part of the JR Chronicles exhibition. The Westminster Creative Collective was created by the Council’s Youth Cultural Engagement Program – City Lions in partnership with children’s services, local schools, professional artists, libraries and archives to mark 2020 and 2021 as an important moment and to capture the thoughts and feelings of the young people of Westminster. Until August 29, the public will be able to visit the Saatchi Gallery and experience the powerful and original works in person. Cllr Timothy Barnes, Cabinet Member for Youth and Learning at Westminster City Council, said: “I am really delighted that we were able to put together the Creative Collective to help our young people show their talents and share their perspectives on the big events that we have seen over the past two years. Covid, the lockdown, school disruption and equality protests have all had a real impact on their lives and emotions and much of that is expressed in these works of art. “The pieces they have created are inspiring and I hope they will be really proud to have exhibited them at the Saatchi Gallery and in our public spaces. If you are unable to see them at their best in person, please watch the whole series online ”. Lala Thorpe, Head of Learning at Saatchi Gallery, said: “The Saatchi Gallery is truly proud and excited to exhibit the Westminster Creative Collective in our prestigious Learning Gallery this summer. The exhibition showcases a fantastic range of work by talented young artists, dealing with important social themes and issues through a variety of mediums including painting, photography and poetry ”. Previously, works of art were exhibited in city libraries and all works of art can also be found in this online gallery. ************************************************* ***************************** COVID-19 VACCINATIONS AND TESTS Testing is the most effective way to control the spread of the coronavirus. For more information on how to get tested, testing sites and more visit: www.westminster.gov.uk/covid-19-testing The COVID-19 vaccine has been shown to be safe and effective in protecting people against serious illnesses caused by the coronavirus. For more information on vaccination centers and how to make an appointment, visit: www.westminster.gov.uk/vaccinations In addition to regular testing and vaccination, the most important thing we can all do is remember: hands, face, space, fresh air. *********************************************** ******************************* FREE PREPARATORY EDUCATION AND CHILDCARE 15 hours of free preschool education and childcare are available to all 3- and 4-year-olds up to 38 weeks per year, with an extended entitlement of 30 hours if eligible. Funded preschool and childcare places are also available for 2-year-olds, with up to 15 hours of free education for those who qualify.	https://ekimusart.com/childrens-artwork-expressing-their-feelings-about-the-covid-19-pandemic-now-on-display-at-the-saatchi-gallery/
Are you a highly motivated, experienced researcher looking for post-doc opportunities? Oregon Health & Science University’s Knight Cancer Institute has newly created Postdoctoral Fellowship positions available in its Center for Early Detection Research (CEDR), working alongside Dr. Sadik Esener and other Knight Cancer Institute scientists to develop and execute major scientific project initiatives in the lab. The CEDR research program is looking for expertise in technology or assay development, particularly in liquid biopsies and detection of circulating nucleotides, exosomes, and proteins. We are also looking for scientists who understand the mechanisms of disease progression from pre-malignancy to metastasis. Our goal is to rapidly develop novel assays, techniques, tests, and treatments through clinical trials or through corporate collaboration or creation of new companies. The OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, CEDR, and the OHSU School of Medicine are highly collaborative, interdisciplinary, and highly translational environments, and these positions provide opportunities to work alongside a diverse team of highly respected scientists with diverse academic and industry backgrounds. CEDR scientists work in funded project teams to identify priorities and projects, and internal funding is milestone driven. Project ideas and leadership can come from any level, including postdoctoral fellows. All CEDR assets are shared, including equipment, space, resources, and workload. We have a unique approach to the way we work, because we are looking for unique solutions to end cancer as we know it.	https://www.exosome-rna.com/post-doc-position-available-center-for-early-detection-research/
Investigating the impact of dynamic and static secondary tasks on task-switch cost. Many researchers have employed secondary tasks, which have to be performed in parallel with a primary task requirement, to examine how successful task selection is accomplished in the context of task switching. The influence of such a secondary task on the observed switch cost (i.e., the cost arising when the currently relevant task differs from the task performed most recently) is seen as indicative that cognitive processes such as self-instruction are involved. Most secondary tasks chosen so far have required the repeated utterance of a word or syllable or a rhythmic movement of the foot. In the present study, we manipulated the dynamics of the to-be-performed secondary task (i.e., a repeated utterance or movement, or a static task that involved similar muscles-holding a spattle in the mouth or pressing keys). Additionally, we tested for modality-specific influences by asking participants to perform a dynamic or nondynamic (i.e., static) secondary task with two effector systems, namely oral and manual. Overall, our secondary tasks led to a reduced (rather than an increased) switch cost, as compared to a control condition without any secondary task. This reduction in switch cost was dependent on the secondary-task dynamics but independent of the effectors involved, showing larger switch-cost reductions for dynamic secondary tasks. To explain this finding, we suggest that performing secondary tasks interferes with the formation of episodic-memory traces that would lead to retrieval benefits in the case of a task repetition, so that our reduced task-switch costs actually represent reduced repetition benefits.
The utility model discloses a main shaft embeds type wind generator set gearbox axial displacement monitoring devices, the laser rangefinder sensor connected including electricity in proper order, sensor cable, microcontroller, with ethernet network and computer, the laser rangefinder sensor is installed on gear case shell, and discoid main shaft end sets up in main shaft one end, and the main shaft is embedded in gear case shell, the main shaft end is close to the main shaft terminal surface that a main shaft side surface is, the main shaft terminal surface is the smooth surface of perpendicular to main shaft, include still that laser source, the reflection of light detect mouth and sensor cable interface. The utility model relates to a main shaft embeds type wind generator set gearbox axial displacement monitoring devices carries out real -time detection to axial displacement to can inquire historical data, the precision is high, and contactless wearing and tearing do not need to shut down to axial displacement's measurement, can not lose the generated energy, can monitor axial displacement and main shaft end face obliquely degree simultaneously.
Vitamins are low molecular weight organic compounds indispensable for the normal activity of the organisms. Their absence causes deficiency symptoms. Most of the vitamins or their derivatives are coenzymes which are essential for many important enzymatic reactions in the cells. Vitamins are required in small quantities for a variety of biochemical functions in our body. Most of them cannot be synthesised by the body and must be supplied through the diet. Unlike carbobydrates and lipids, they are not metabolised for providing energy. Normally, a well balanced diet will supply all the necessary vitamins in sufficient quantities. Vitamins are broadly classified into two groups based on their solubility. i. Fat soluble vitamins Vitamins A, D, E and K ii. Water soluble vitamins Vitamins B (B1, B2, B3, B6 & B12), Biotin, Folic acid, Pantothenic acid and C Related Topics Copyright © 2018-2023 BrainKart.com; All Rights Reserved. Developed by Therithal info, Chennai.	https://www.brainkart.com/article/Vitamins_34110/
Nuts and bolts - This LIVE virtual programme follows the format of two x half-day, highly interactive virtual workshops delivered using Zoom (or platform of your choice) and enhanced by Mural. - We use a blend of input, pair and small group conversation, and interactive activities. - Supported by our e-manual and further curated resources. - We recommend 8 participants per workshop, and a maximum of 12 participants per workshop to enable high levels of psychological safety, confidentiality and to allow participants to experience and practice their conversations. Why do it Do your managers know how to create an environment where it’s OK to say “I’m not OK”? Nine in ten employees are affected by mental health issues. More of us are willing to speak about this at work, but only one in five (20%) report an improvement in workplace training to help manage our own mental health. Five reasons to do it: - Increase empathy and human connection - Banish the stigma - Help your people lean in - Change the conversation - Learn from experts What you will learn The workshop is designed to help you: - notice if someone’s struggling and understand what they can then do about it - be able to use real-time conversations to understand how people are feeling - create an environment where it’s OK to say ‘I’m not OK’ - remove the stigma around having mental health conversations - work collaboratively and learn together in different ways Who it’s for Speak Your Mind is perfect for HR teams, Line Managers and People Leaders who want to be their best selves in conversations about mental health.	https://www.theconversationspace.com/products/speak-your-mind/
This is a continuation of, and claims the benefit of the filing date of, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/663,853, filed Sep. 18, 2000, entitled Power Reduction Circuit for Engine Acceleration, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,603,213, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/261,481 filed on Feb. 26, 1999, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,121,691. FIELD OF THE INVENTION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION The present invention relates generally to the art of welding power supplies. More specifically, it relates to engine driven welding power supplies having output control based on engine speed. Engine/generator driven welding power supplies typically include an engine, a generator, a welding power source, often a wire feeder, and one or more controllers. The components may be sold as a group, a single unit or individually. The engine has a throttle which may have a range of speed selections and often has a control mechanism to allow operation at full throttle and idle. The generator output is often controlled using field current, and the welding power supply is controlled in response to a user set point or reference. The controller may be relatively complex, and control the components in a unified manner, or it may be individual controllers for each component, with little or no joint control of components. Many controllers that treat the components as individual components rather than as part of a system may be inadequate. For example, a typical engine control (used outside of the welding art) might not be capable of responding to the very rapid increase in power needed when an arc is struck or the set point changed. Similarly, a welding power supply controller designed for utility power line voltage use might not adequately respond when the engine is slow to provide the needed power. A controller for field current designed for a welding power supply is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,734,147, entitled Method And Apparatus For Electronically Controlling The Output Of A Generator Driven Welding Power Supply, filed Sep. 8, 1995, and assigned to the assignee of the present invention. U.S. Pat. No. 5,734,147, is hereby incorporated by reference. One problem with engine/generator driven welding power supplies that are not properly controlled is that it may be difficult to start the arc, especially in stick or MIG welding. Generally, a “hot” start or higher current/power start is desirable so the stick does not become welded to the workpiece. But before an arc is initiated or struck, an engine/generator driven welding power supply generator is idling. It cannot provide a hot or high current/power start because the horsepower (which is transformed into output power) available while idling is much less than the horsepower available at higher RPM. Experienced welders have attempted to get a hot start by “double striking” or touching the stick to the workpiece before welding. This causes current to increase, and the engine to speed up out of idle, before the arc is struck. However, this caused marking of the workpiece that was unacceptable for some x-ray quality welds or welds requiring a high surface quality. Also, this may not be a satisfactory solution for heavy loads or for CV applications. Accordingly, U.S. Pat. No. 5,734,147 teaches to provide a hot start by giving an additional boost of current when the arc is struck. Unfortunately, this sometimes caused the engine to stall, because the called for output power was greater than the horsepower available (after accounting for system inefficiencies which may be about 50%) at lower RPM. An engine/generator driven welding power supplie is likely to stall when more power is drawn than is capable of being provided. This is more likely to happen at lower RPM, because less horsepower is available at lower RPM than at higher RPM. One attempted solution to that problem is to increase the engine speed at idle. This undesirably increases fuel consumption and reduces engine life. An alternative attempted solution is to increase the engine speed from idle to a higher speed. Another attempted solution is to temporarily reduce the output, until the likelihood of a stall is reduced. Both of these methods are suggested in application Ser. No. 08/858,129, filed May 19, 1997, entitled Engine Driven Invertor With Feedback Control, which is owned by the assignee of this invention and is hereby incorporated by reference. However, the response of engine speed to throttle changes is often not fast enough to prevent stalling, particularly if the load (output power) had been quickly increased when the engine is at a low speed. Also, reducing output power can cause additional problems—lower power can have an adverse impact on the arc. Thus, the competing interests of reducing power to avoid engine stalls while maintaining power to maintain a quality arc were necessarily properly balanced, particularly when the power reduction was merely on or off, and not variably controlled. For example, the prior art does not teach to reduce the output by an amount responsive to operating conditions such as engine speed or output current, power, load, setpoint etc. In other words, it does not teach to have greater reduction in output power when the engine is slower, or the output is greater—the reduction is the same regardless of the severity of the stall conditions and the conditions of the arc. The Miller™ BlueStar™ welding power supply tried to account for different severity of stall conditions by increasing the “throttle back” of output power as RPM decreased. This was done for all output currents even though at some output currents the load was not large enough to be likely to cause a stall. The reduction at lower currents often unduly reduced the quality of the arc. Thus, this system did not balance the need for power reduction to avoid a stall, and the need for power maintenance to help arc quality. Accordingly, a controller for an engine/generator driven welder that reduces the output in response to potential stall conditions, and that does so at a magnitude responsive to the severity of the stall conditions and the arc condition is desirable. According to a first aspect of the invention an engine/generator driven welding power supply includes an engine, and a generator driven by the engine. A welding power supply is connected to the generator output, and provides welding power. A controller controls the apparatus, and receives an RPM input signal indicative of the engine RPM, and a user selected magnitude input. The controller includes an output reduction circuit that reduces the magnitude of the welding power by a variable amount in the event the engine is likely to stall, so as to reduce the likelihood of a stall, but maintains sufficient power for a welding arc. According to a second aspect of the invention an engine/generator driven welding power supply includes a user selectable magnitude input, an engine, a generator, a welding power supply and a controller. A feedback circuit provides RPM feedback to the controller. The controller includes an output reduction circuit that reduces the magnitude of the welding power by an amount responsive to the engine speed in the event that the engine RPM is less than an RPM threshold and the user selectable magnitude input is greater than a threshold. According to a third aspect of the invention an engine/generator driven welding power supply includes a user selectable magnitude input, an engine, a generator, a welding power supply and a controller. The controller includes an output reduction circuit that reduces the magnitude of the welding power by an amount responsive to the user selectable setting in the event that the user selectable setting is greater than a threshold. According to a fourth aspect of the invention a method of controlling an engine/generator driven welding power supply includes determining a user selected magnitude setting and providing a welding output responsive to the user selected magnitude setting. Also, the speed of the engine is determined and the magnitude of the welding output is reduced by a variable amount in the event the engine is likely to stall so as to reduce the likelihood of a stall, but maintain sufficient power for a welding arc. According to a fifth aspect of the invention a method of controlling an engine/generator driven welding power supply includes determining a user selected magnitude setting and providing a welding output responsive to the user selected magnitude setting. Also, the speed of the engine is determined and the magnitude of the welding output is reduced by an amount responsive to the engine RPM in the event that the engine RPM is less than an RPM threshold, and that the user selected magnitude setting is greater than a threshold. Accordingly to a sixth aspect of the invention a method of controlling an engine/generator driven welding power supply includes determining a user selected magnitude setting and providing a welding output responsive to the user selected magnitude setting. Also, the speed of the engine is determined and the magnitude of the welding output is reduced by an amount responsive to the user selected magnitude setting in the event that the engine user selected magnitude setting is greater than a threshold. The output reduction circuit controls the generator field current to reduce the welding power in one embodiment, and it controls the load current command in another embodiment. The output reduction circuit begins to act when the engine RPM is less than an RPM threshold in another embodiment, and the reduction is: dependent on the difference between the RPM threshold and the engine RPM, proportional to the difference between the RPM threshold and the engine RPM, or done in steps in various embodiments. The output reduction circuit begins to act when the user selected magnitude setting is greater than a threshold, or responsive to the difference between the threshold and the user selected magnitude setting, or adjusted in steps in steps responsive to the difference between the threshold and the user selected magnitude setting, in various alternatives. Other principal features and advantages of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon review of the following drawings, the detailed description and the appended claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an engine/generator driven welding power constructed in accordance with the present invention; FIG. 2 is a graph showing percent power reduction vs rheostat setting; FIG. 3 is a graph showing percent power reduction vs RPM; FIG. 4 is a flow chart implementing the present invention; FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a power reduction circuit in accordance with the present invention; and FIG. 6 is a graph showing weld output vs RPM. Before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments or of being practiced or carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. Like reference numerals are used to indicate like components. While the present invention will be illustrated with reference to a particular controller, power supply, generator and engine, it should be understood at the outset that the invention can also be employed with other such components. Generally, the invention includes reducing the output of an engine/generator driven welding power supply when the engine is likely to stall. The reduction is not merely on/off, but is greater for more severe or more likely stall conditions. Preferably, the reduction in output power is obtained by reducing the field current. The parameters monitored to prevent a stall (i.e. the stall conditions) are, preferably, engine RPM and the user selected output setpoint (typically obtained from a potentiometer on the from panel). The reduction in power (or voltage and/or current) output is preferably such that it does not adversely affect the welding operation during the time the output is reduced. Also, while the engine speed is increasing, reducing the likelihood of an engine stall, the reduction in output is tapered down until the engine speed has increased sufficiently to avoid stalling, and full power is provided, in the preferred embodiment. This helps minimize the impact of this anti-stall feature on the welding arc. FIG. 1 The invention is implemented on a Miller™ Trailblazer™ engine/generator driven welding power supply such as that described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,734,147. The welding power supply described therein need not be described here in detail to understand the present invention, although , described below, is derived from that patent. FIG. 1 600 100 104 605 102 606 607 609 600 610 611 618 104 is a schematic of an engine/generator driven welding power supply constructed in accordance with the present invention, and includes a generator , an controller , an output rectifier , an output inductor or filter A, and feedback lines , and . Power supply provides current at a desired voltage to electrode and workpiece . A user selectable or selected input , such as a rheostat on the power supply front panel, indicates the desired welding current (or power, voltage or other welding parameter) and provides a reference signal to controller . 100 601 603 601 603 615 614 601 Generator includes a rotor and a stator , and may be either a three phase or a single phase generator. Rotor includes field windings that create the field from which power is derived by stator . An engine is mechanically coupled (represented by dashed lines ) to rotor . 603 601 603 605 102 600 104 104 600 The voltage and current derived by stator is responsive to the magnitude of the field current provided to rotor the output of stator is provided to rectifier and output inductor A which provides the welding output of power supply . The field current magnitude is responsive to electronic field current controller . Thus, electronic field current controller indirectly controls the output of power supply . 606 607 609 605 104 606 607 104 609 104 104 Feedback from the welding output is provided on lines , , and . Voltage feedback is obtained from the output of rectifier , and is fed back to electronic field current controller via lines and . Current feedback is obtained by a current sense device and is fed back to electronic field current controller via line . Electronic field current controller uses the current and voltage feedback to control the field current in such a manner as to provide a desired output current and voltage. The basic control scheme in the preferred embodiment is that shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,734,147, and controller is an electronic field controller, although other control schemes and controllers (such as, for example, that shown in application Ser. No. 08/858,129) may be used. 104 The present invention includes a power (or load) reduction circuit that causes the output power to be reduced when a stall is likely. The output reduction circuit may be part of controller , part of another controller, or a separate circuit. It may be digital, analog, an IC, or discrete components. It may include the feedback circuitry and/or receive feedback signals, from other circuitry. 617 Generally, the magnitude of the power reduction is variable (i.e., dependent on other factors such as the severity of the stall conditions), and not merely on or off. The reduction is sufficient to avoid stalling, yet small enough to avoid a negative impact on the arc. Preferably, engine RPM or speed is used to determine stall conditions and is monitored on a feedback line . RPM or speed may be directly determined from the engine using a tachometer, or in a conventional manner using a frequency to voltage converter with the generator output, or any other parameter which is indicative of the engine speed. If the RPM falls below a threshold, the output is reduced, preferably by an amount responsive to the difference between the RPM and the threshold, i.e., a greater drop below the threshold results in a greater output reduction. The output is reduced by reducing the field current command in the preferred embodiment, although other commands, such as the voltage command, or the load current command in an inverter, are reduced in alternative embodiments. The preferred embodiment provides a graduated reduction in output, responsive to engine speed. Above 3400 RPM there is no reduction in output. The reduction in output begins at an RPM of 3400, and the reduction increases linearly with RPM, until maximum reduction is reached at 2400 RPM (which is idle speed the engine). The reduction is only implemented when the user selected magnitude control (rheostat setting) is at 50% or greater. From 50% to 70% rheostat setting the maximum reduction is 10%. In other words, if the rheostat setting is between 50% and 70% of maximum, then at 3400 or less RPM the output magnitude is reduced by R%=(3400−RPM)/100, where R% is the percent reduction, and RPM is the measured engine speed. From 70% to 100% the maximum reduction is 40%. In other words, if the selected magnitude is between 70% and 100% of maximum, then at 3400 or less RPM the output magnitude is reduced by R%=(3400−RPM)/25, where R% is the percent reduction, and RPM is the measured engine speed. FIGS. 2 and 3 FIG. 2 FIG. 3 show the relationship between RPM, rheostat setting, and output reduction. is a graph showing the output magnitude reduction vs rheostat setting for 2400 and 2900 RPM. is a graph showing the output magnitude reduction vs RPM for 50-70% rheostat setting and for 70-100% rheostat setting. The example given herein is merely exemplary, and other reduction schemes may be used, such as having the reduction vary in discrete steps with decreasing RPM, or as other than a linear function. Another alternative includes varying the reduction continuously as the rheostat setting increases. Generally, any reduction scheme that adequately balances the competing interests of reducing power to avoid engine stalls while maintain power to maintain a quality arc is acceptable. FIG. 4 400 402 404 is a flow chart showing one implementation of the present invention. The process begins at step , and at step it is determined if the rheostat setting is greater than 50 percent. If the rheostat setting is not greater than 50 percent then the RPM circuit is off (step ). 406 408 410 If the rheostat setting is greater than 50 percent than the RPM circuit is set at level one reduction (ten percent in the preferred embodiment) at step . Next, at step it is determined if the rheostat setting is greater than 70 percent. If the rheostat setting is not greater than 70 percent then the RPM circuit is left at level one. However, if the rheostat setting is greater than 70 percent, than the RPM circuit is set to level two (40 percent in the preferred embodiment), at step . 412 414 It is determined if the RPM of the engine is less than 3400 at step . If the RPM of the engine is not less than 3400 then no modification of the field current is provided (step ). 416 However, if the RPM is less than 3400, then the field current is reduced, preferably proportionally to the difference between 3400 and the RPM as set forth above, at step . The process continues to repeat the RPM check until the rheostat setting is changed. In an alternative embodiment the output is reduced for a finite period of time, such as 2 or 3 seconds. This process may be implemented using analog circuitry, as described below, or using digital circuitry, such as a microprocessor or a DSP. Additionally, one skilled in the art will readily recognize that other flow charts or programs may be easily used to implement this invention. 5 A circuit which may be used to implement the power reduction circuit are shown in FIG. . The power reduction circuit receives a signal from the generator whose frequency is indicative of the speed of the engine. A frequency to voltage converter converts that frequency to a voltage. Additionally, the power reduction circuit receives the rheostat input (user selected magnitude) as an input. Generally, the power reduction circuit uses these inputs and compares them to predetermined values, and opens or closes switches which decrease the constant current (CC) and/or constant voltage (CV) control commands. 501 501 501 The power reduction circuit receives the AC input (which has the same frequency as the engine RPM) and provides it to frequency to voltage converter . Frequency to voltage converter may be of a conventional design, and preferably includes an integrated circuit and associated circuitry. Frequency to voltage converter provides an output voltage having a magnitude responsive to the input frequency, and thus indicative of the frequency of engine speed to or engine RPM. 1 36 1 1 The frequency voltage is provided to an op amp A, which is configured to provide an output based on the difference between the frequency voltage and a voltage provided by a voltage divider. The voltage divider includes a resistor R (3.92 K ohms) and a resistor R (5.62 K ohms), and a 10 volt voltage source. The voltage divider is configured so that the output begins to be negative when the frequency of the engine drops below 3400 RPM. The magnitude of the output of op amp A is proportional to the difference between 3400 RPM and the actual RPM. 2 1 2 1 When the frequency falls below 3400 RPM, op amp Al draws current through a diode D that reduces the CC and CV control commands. When the frequency is above 3400 RPM, then the output of op amp A is positive, and diode D blocks the output of op amp A, effectively turning off the effect of the power reduction circuit. 111 61 67 115 118 110 61 67 The setting of the rheostat (user selected magnitude) is a 0-10 volt source and determines the level of power reduction. The rheostat setting is provided through a resistor R (100 K ohms) to the non-inverting inputs of a pair of op amps A and A, both of which are configured as comparators. A voltage divider, including a 10 volt voltage source, a resistor R (6.19 K ohms), a resistor R (4.32 K Holmes) and a resistor R (10 K ohms), provides the inverting inputs to op amps a and a . 67 67 113 12 115 The non-inverting input to op amp A, as provided by the voltage divider, is 5 volts, which corresponds to a rheostat setting of 50 percent. When the rheostat setting exceeds 50 percent, the output of op amp A goes positive, and through a resistor R (4.75 K ohms) turns on or closes a pair of switches U and U. 115 62 2 1 12 25 2 1 When switch U is closed the CV controller is reduced by current being drawn through resistor R (13 K ohms) and diode D by op amp A. Also, when switch U is closed the CC control is reduced by current drawn through a resistor R (2.74 M ohms) and diode D by op amp A. Thus, when the rheostat input exceeds 50 percent, and the frequency drops below 3400 RPM, the control commands are reduced by an amount proportional to the difference between 3400 and the RPM. 61 61 112 17 17 114 2 1 The non-inverting input to op amp A, as provided by the voltage divider, is 7 volts, which corresponds to a rheostat setting of 70 percent. When the rheostat setting exceeds 70 percent, the output of op amp A goes positive, and through a resistor R (4.75 K ohms) turns on or closes a switch U. When switch U is closed the CC control is further reduced by current drawn through a resistor R (619 K ohms) and diode D by op amp A. Thus, when the rheostat input exceeds 70 percent, and the frequency drops below 3400 RPM, the CC control command is further reduced by an amount proportional to the difference between 3400 and the RPM. FIG. 6 is a graph showing welding output (amperage) for different amp settings (rheostat or user settings) vs RPM for a welding power supply implementing the present invention. It may be seen that the output current drops as the RPM drops for rheostat settings greater than 145 amps (which is a 50% setting). The values for components were chosen to give the preferred power reduction. Obviously, other values or other circuit designs could be used to implement the power reduction circuit. Alternatives include more or less feedback and general control circuitry as part of the power reduction circuit, circuitry to provide a continuous (i.e. not discrete steps) adjustment of the reduced power in response to the rheostat setting, circuitry to provide a stepped (i.e. not continuous) adjustment of the reduced power in response to the RPM, use of digital circuitry, use of a microprocessor or a DSP, providing the output of the power reduction circuit to control an inverter, etc. Numerous modifications may be made to the present invention which still fall within the intended scope hereof. It should be apparent that there has been provided in accordance with the present invention a method and apparatus for adjusting the output of welding power supply in response to stall conditions that fully satisfies the objectives and advantages set forth above. Although the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended claims. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
But it seems more and more that peace cannot always be bought. Several recent actions by federal authorities highlight the risk to employers when entering into severance agreements that require workers to provide compensation or other benefits. In light of OSHA guidelines and 2016 rulings by SEC BlueLinx and Health Net, Segal advises employers to review their agreements and add a language that states that exceptions to an employee`s right to cash in monetary policy facilities in a lawsuit do not apply to whistleblower claims. An employer must pay the worker for earned, run but not used leave (if he has such a directive) and the usual expenses incurred before separation (again subject to his policy), even if the worker does not sign a separation contract. Regardless of what your employer tells you, you don`t have to sign a severance contract and you don`t have to do it immediately. You still have the right to consult a lawyer, even if you are sure to understand the conditions. A severance contract is often unenforceable if it has been signed because of the employer`s fraudulent misrepresentations. 17 Duress occurs when an employer somehow threatens a worker who forces the worker to sign the severance pay contract out of fear. 18 The employer`s threat must normally be illegal to meet the standards of coercion. 19 In other words, a severance agreement – coupled with severance pay – ensures that the employee agrees with the conditions under which he was dismissed. They agree that they understand how their insurance, payment and other benefits will change once the exit has taken place, and they also agree that they will not take legal action against the company because it was wrongly terminated. Severance can also help a company achieve its financial and business goals, Says Calli. While some executives object to paying employees who are not working, this can save money in the long run, especially if the offer of severance pay helps to reduce the cost of unemployment insurance. In addition, in situations where workers know that redundancy is imminent, employers can use the promise of severance pay to encourage workers to stay as long as they need, instead of leaving them en masse in search of new jobs. It should be clear now, but it is important that the person who signs the severance agreement knows exactly what they are signing. In order for them to do so, you should always tell them to let the document miss out on their personal lawyer. In this way, they have a more nuanced view of what the document is and sign with full knowledge of all that it entails. Although employers are generally not required by law to provide severance pay, there are some general agreements that employers often follow when calculating. A typical formula for receptive payments can be: a week`s regular wage of the worker multiplied by the number of years worked. The U.S. Equal Employ Opportunity Commission (EEOC) has also looked intensively at severance pay that requires workers to waive their right of appeal and, ultimately, employers may have to change their policies.	https://marketingreporter.com/2020/12/17/severance-agreement-legality/
Trending News The Badminton World Federation (BWF) welcomed the postponement of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games, the badminton world governing body said on Wednesday. "Today, we stand in solidarity with the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and International Paralympic Committee (IPC) in welcoming the postponement of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games," the BWF said in a statement. "BWF fully supports the decision made yesterday by IOC President Thomas Bach, Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe, and the Tokyo Organizing Committee (TOCOG) to 'reschedule the Games to a date beyond 2020 but no later than summer 2021'," the statement said. "As we have learnt in recent months, balancing the many necessary considerations for the whole of sport has been a complex exercise, so we are supportive of how difficult this decision would have been for the IOC and TOCOG," it added. BWF called for patience as it plans to work with the IOC, IPC and the TOCOG, "to gain a better understanding of what the next 12 months will look like." BWF said it would review any impacts on the Olympic and Paralympic qualification system to ensure a fair solution is found to qualify players for the postponed Games. BWF is also looking at the possibility of freezing world rankings until international tournaments start, it said, according to Xinhua news. "However, we are still working on the technical solution to ensure the freezing and eventual un-freezing of world rankings works fairly for all players and we will announce this shortly," said BWF. The IOC and the TOCOG announced in a joint statement on Tuesday that the Games have been postponed to no later than the summer of 2021. Earlier, BWF has suspended tournaments in the coming months due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Preview: Sage Theatre's staged readings reflect two decades of work For the past 20 years, Sage Theatre has been staging plays it feels will challenge everyone from the artists who work on them to the audiences who see them. To celebrate its milestone, Sage is presenting staged readings of three plays from past seasons and the latest workshop reading of a play in progress. Artistic director Jason Mehmel says the readings are being held in the Pumphouse’s Joyce Doolittle Theatre because that is where so many of the company’s plays were presented. Mehmel is Sage’s third artistic director. In 2015, he replaced Kelly Reay, who had guided Sage since 2004. Reay took over the leadership from Bob Moffat, who founded the company in 1998. Mehmel says Sage is a company where emerging artists come to develop their craft and where established artists come to challenge themselves. He recalls that when he directed Karen Johnson-Diamond in The Year of Magical Thinking, the veteran actor said it was the hardest role she’d ever done and thanked him for trusting her to challenge herself. Mehmel stresses the plays Sage produces “are not meant to be provocative, or to shock or scare their audiences but rather to invite them to build empathy with the characters and their journeys.” The first three plays in this anniversary event represent the tenure of each of its artistic directors and the fourth represents the future of the company. On Oct. 16 at 7:30 p.m. in the Joyce, Lizzy Evashkevich is directing Tony Kushner’s 1994 satire Slavs!, which parodies the fall of the Soviet Union in a way that makes it feel immediate, considering politics under Trump and our own current election. The cast for this reading includes Griffin Cork, Karen Johnson-Diamond, Amy Sawka, Dave Trimble and Frank Zotter. Mehmel points out these five actors will be playing more than two dozen characters. Sage’s original production during Moffat’s tenure was staged in partnership with the University of Calgary. On Oct. 17 at 7:30 p.m., Javier Vialta will be directing Wajdi Mouawad’s powerful Canadian drama Scorched, which follows twins as they obey their mother’s final wish to travel to the Middle East to uncover their family’s history. Quebec filmmaker Denis Villeneuve adapted Scorched into a film called Incendies, which was nominated for a best foreign language Oscar in 2011. Bringing this riveting drama to life will be Sleman Aldib, Behrad Moshtagh, Natasha Strickey and Sepidar Yeganeh Farid. On Oct. 18 at 7:30, Rebecca Fauser will direct King Kirby, a play about the man who created such superheroes as Captain America, The Hulk and the Avengers. Mehmel calls Jack Kirby’s story a pop culture tragedy told with wit, intelligence and empathy. Kirby’s characters live on but not his name. The cast for this reading includes Cam Ascroft, Cheryl Hutton, Robert Klein, David LeReany and Jonathan Molinski. On Oct. 19 at 7:30 p.m., Sage will present a reading of Bruce Barton’s AIAM, the story of four strangers who struggle to figure out who among them is not a machine. Mehmel says this “tale of subtle clues and high stakes is part mystery, part science fiction and part contemporary reality. The play is exciting for the actors as well as the audience because they will not know until just before a performance which of them is human. Sage hopes to produce AIAM in the near future. The cast includes Braden Griffiths, Jamie Konchak, Melanee Murray-Hunt and Julie Orton. For advance tickets and more information about this anniversary event, go to sagetheatre.com This Week's Flyers Comments Postmedia is pleased to bring you a new commenting experience. We are committed to maintaining a lively but civil forum for discussion and encourage all readers to share their views on our articles. Comments may take up to an hour for moderation before appearing on the site. We ask you to keep your comments relevant and respectful. Visit our Community Guidelines for more information.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to recording apparatus which are capable of recording speech signals. 2. Description of the Prior Art One conventional recording apparatus which is capable of recording speech signals is disclosed, for example, as an electronic still camera capable of recording speech, in unexamined Japanese Patent Application No. 218004/1982 which was published Dec. 19, 1983 and corresponding to U.S. Pat. No. 4,531,161 issued on July 23, 1985. In this camera disclosed in that application, a signal EX which is generated by a switch and by which photographing is performed, a signal RC which starts to record speech and a signal AR which records a speech signal afterwards are input to a synchronization control circuit. When the signal RC is input, an analog speech signal input via a microphone is A/D converted and then input to a shift register from which a digital speech signal is correspondingly output with a fixed delay of time. When the signal EX by which photographing is performed is generated, the speech signal delayed by the shift register is recorded on a magnetic sheet. In accordance with the prior art, for as long the signal AR is generated by a switch (not shown), speech is recorded on tracks on the magnetic sheet. In the above prior art, a head for recording an image on the sheet and a head for recording speech on the sheet are provided separately. An image is recorded in response to the signal EX by which photographing is performed and speech which is delayed by the shift register is recorded simultaneously. Thus speech for a fixed time before photographing is necessarily recorded in advance on the magnetic sheet. Therefore, the user must inconveniently predict the timing of photographing at all times and input the speech to the recording apparatus. Such drawback occurs likewise in using a recording medium on which optical recording such as photomagnetic recording is performed, as is the case with the magnetic recording. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is a first object of the present invention to eliminate the above drawbacks with the prior art. It is a second object of the present invention to provide a recording apparatus which is capable of freely updating a speech signal to be recorded on the recording medium before being recorded. It is a third object of the present invention to provide a recording apparatus which is capable of temporarily storing a speech signal to be stored on a recording medium and then storing the signal on the medium. In order to attain the above objects, in an embodiment to be described hereinbelow, a recording apparatus will be illustrated which comprises a memory for storing a speech signal generated during a predetermined time, a control circuit for updating the speech signal, and means for recording the speech signal stored on the memory on a recording medium such as a magnetic sheet. Other objects of the present invention will be apparent from the following description of embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a plan view illustrating a head and a magnetic sheet as a recording medium for use with a recording apparatus which is a first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a schematic structure of the first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3, consisting of A-H, is a timing chart showing the operation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2; FIG. 4 illustrates the structure of the memory shown in FIG. 3; FIGS. 5A and 5B are flowcharts showing the operation of the embodiment of FIG. 3 when they are arranged as shown in FIG. 5; FIGS. 6A and 6B and FIGS. 7A and 7B are flowcharts which are alternative embodiment to the flowchart of FIGS. 5A and 5B when they are arranged as shown in FIGS. 6 through 7B respectively; and FIG. 8 illustrates the structure of another embodiment of button R.sub. 1, R.sub.2, or R.sub.3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A recording apparatus which is one embodiment of this invention will now be described with respect to FIGS. 1 and 7. FIG. 1 illustrates a magnetic sheet S as a recording medium and magnetic heads H.sub.A, H.sub.V which record information on the sheet, for use with this embodiment. Magnetic head H.sub.V is for recording an image signal and magnetic head H.sub.A is for recording a speech signal. Heads H.sub.V, H. sub.A record image and speech signals on image and speech tracks T.sub. V, T. sub.A, respectively; more particularly, either on image and speech tracks T.sub.V1 and T.sub.A1 or on image and speech tracks T.sub.V2 and T. sub.A2. The information on image and speech tracks T.sub.V1, T.sub.A1 are reproduced in one set, and the information on image and speech tracks T. sub.V2, T.sub.A2 are reproduced in another set. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the schematic structure of an electronic camera in the particular embodiment. A speech signal output by a speech signal generator 1 such as a microphone is amplified by an amplifier 2 and then data compressed in a digital or analog manner, and written into a memory 4. The speech information written into memory 4 is read in accordance with a signal output by a control circuit 5 and modulated by a recording circuit 6, and the modulated signal from the recording circuit 6 is recorded on magnetic sheet S via speech recording head H.sub.A. The image signal output by an image signal generating element 7 such as a solid state camera element is amplified by an amplifier 8, subjected to predetermined signal processing by a process circuit 9 and then delivered to a gating circuit 10. This circuit 10 is controlled by a signal produced by control circuit 5 and outputs a one-screen video signal which is then recorded on magnetic sheet S via a recording circuit 11 from video recording head H.sub.V. Control circuit 5 receives signals from a recording standby button R.sub.1 which is pressed to start a preparatory operation for recording, a speech signal recording button R. sub.2 as a speech recording means, an image recording button R. sub.3 as an image recording control means, a vertical synchronization signal VD produced by process circuit 9 and a pulse signal output by a pulse generator (not shown) of a magnetic sheet drive motor 12. As will be described later, when button R.sub.1 is pressed and then button R.sub. 2 is pressed, a speech signal written into the memory is recorded at the timing when button R.sub.1 is released Control circuit 5 controls memory 4, gating circuit 10, motor drive circuit 13 which drives motor 12, and a head drive circuit 14 which drives a mechanism for moving magnetic heads H.sub.V, H.sub.A in accordance with those signal inputs, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 5. FIG. 3 is a timing chart showing the operation of the embodiment. In the figure, reference character A denotes a 30 Hz pulse signal produced by the pulse generator provided on motor 12 synchronously with a rotation of magnetic sheet S. Reference character B denotes a signal produced by pressing recording standby button R.sub.1, the signal being shown as being produced for the duration from a time t.sub.1 to a time t. sub.6 during which recording of the speech and image signals is possible. Reference character C denotes a speech recording triggering pulse output by pressing speech recording button R.sub.2, the pulse being shown as being output at times t.sub.2 and t.sub.5 in the figure. Reference character D denotes a correspondence between time and speech signal information stored in memory 4 by the speech recording triggering pulses output at times t.sub.2 and t.sub.5. At the speech recording triggering pulse at time t.sub.2, the speech signal information for the interval from time (t.sub.2 -T) to time (t.sub.2 +T) is stored. At the speech recording triggering pulse output at the time t.sub.5, the speech information for the interval from a time (t.sub.5 -T) to time (t.sub.5 + T) is stored. In other words, a speech recording triggering pulse causes the speech signal information for the interval from T seconds both before and after the time when the speech recording triggering pulse is output to be stored. Reference character E denotes an image recording triggering pulse output by pressing image recording button R.sub.3, the pulse being shown as being output at time t.sub.3 here. Reference character F denotes the timing of recording image information on magnetic sheet S by the image recording triggering pulse. The image information is stored on image track T.sub.V1 at the recording timing (time t.sub.4) next to time t.sub.3 when the triggering pulse is output. Reference character G denotes the timing of recording speech signal information stored in memory 4. The speech signal information stored in memory 4 is stored on speech track T.sub.A1 at the timing (t.sub.7) next to the timing (time t. sub.6 here) when recording standby button R.sub.1 is switched off. Reference character H denotes the timing when magnetic heads H.sub.A, H. sub.V move. The timing H controls head drive circuit 13 at the time (in this case, at time t.sub.8) when all the recordings have been ended by A to G, and moves magnetic heads H.sub.A, H.sub.V to the next speech and image tracks T.sub.A2, T.sub.V2, respectively, in preparation for the next recording operations. That is, each of heads H. sub.A, H.sub.V is moved by two tracks. FIG. 4 schematically shows the structure of memory 4 used in the particular embodiment. Memory 4 is divided into three locations MR(0), MR(1), MR(2), each of which can store speech signal information for T seconds. Thus speech signal information for 2T seconds is taken from two locations. For example, information is stored in location MR(0) during the interval from time (t.sub.2 -T) to time t.sub.2 and in MR(1) during the interval from time t.sub.2 to time (t.sub.2 +T). Information is stored in MR(2) during the interval from time (t.sub.5 -T) to time t.sub. 5. In this case, the speech information for the interval from time (t. sub.2 -T) to time t.sub.2 stored first in location MR(0) is newly added to the speech information for the interval from the time t.sub.5 to (t. sub.5 +T) by the second speech triggering pulse output at time t.sub.5 . The operation of control circuit 5 which performs the above operations will now be described using a flowchart. FIGS. 5A and 5B comprise a flowchart which shows a control operation by control circuit 5. The system starts to operate in response to turning on of the power supply. At a step 1, an initial value i for designation of an location in memory 4 is set to zero. When it is determined that recording standby button R. sub.1 is switched on (step 2), the following speech and image recording operations are performed. At first, the speech recording operation will be described. At a step A1, the speech signal information for the last T seconds starts to be stored in the location MR(i) (i=0 now) of memory 4. At a step A2, it is determined whether or not speech recording button R is pushed. If button R is pushed, the speech signal starts to be stored in location MR(i+1) (step A3). That is, at step A1, the speech signal for the last T seconds has been stored in location MR (i) (i=0 now) of memory 4, so that when speech recording button R.sub.2 is switched on within T seconds after recording standby button R.sub.1 has been switched on, the speech for the interval from the time when recording standby button R.sub. 1 has been switched on to the time when speech recording button R.sub.2 is switched on is stored in location MR(i) of memory 4. After speech recording button R.sub.2 has been switched on, the speech signal starts to be stored in location MR(i+1) of memory 4, and the flow goes to a step A4 at which it is determined whether or not T seconds have passed after speech recording button R.sub.2 have been pushed. If T seconds has passed, the speech signal information for T seconds both before and after the time when speech recording button R. sub.2 has been pushed (t.sub.2 in FIG. 3) has been stored. Thus the flow branches from step A4 to A5 and no further speech signal information will be stored in location MR(i+1). Thereafter, at step A5, speech signal information output successively will be stored in a location MR(i+ 2). The speech signal information for the last T seconds will be stored in location MR(i+ 2), as at step A1. At a step A6, it is determined whether or not standby button R.sub.1 is off, or whether the user has tried to cause information to be stored on magnetic sheet S. If recording standby button R.sub.1 is off, the speech signal information stored in locations MR(i) and MR(i+1) will be recorded on speech track T. sub.V1 (step A9). If standby button R. sub.1 is still on, it will again be determined whether or not speech recording button R.sub.2 has been pushed (step A7). If speech recording button R.sub.2 is not pushed, the flow will return to step A5 to repeat the operations concerned. That is, when button R.sub.1 continues to be pushed, the speech signal for T seconds before button R. sub.1 is released is stored in MR(i+2) of memory 4. If speech recording button R.sub.2 is pushed, i.e. when the speech is re-stored, initial location designation value i will be set to 2 (step 8) and the flow will return to step A3 to repeat the operations concerned. It is assumed that the initial location designation value i has no values other than i=0, 1, 2. The image recording operation will now be described. If recording standby button R.sub.1 is determined to be pushed at step 2, it will be determined whether or not image recording button R.sub.3 is pushed at step V1. If button R.sub.3 is not pushed, the flow will go to step V3, and if button R.sub.3 is pushed, the image information will be stored on image track T.sub.V1 at the next recording timing at step V2, as described above, and then the flow will go to step 3. At this step, it is determined whether or not standby button R.sub.1 is switched off. If button R.sub.1 is switched on, the flow will return to step V1 to store the image information on the image track. If standby button R.sub. 1 is off, and if the speech has been recorded, as described above, magnetic heads H.sub.A, H.sub.V will move to the next tracks T.sub.A2, T. sub.V2 after completion of the speech recording. If the speech has not been recorded, magnetic heads H.sub.A, H.sub.V will move to the next tracks T. sub.A2, T.sub.V2. In the above embodiment, there is no memory for storing image signal information, but only memory 4 for storing speech signal information because a memory having a huge capacity would be needed for storing image signal information. However, a memory which can store image information for a single screen, for example, one field, may be provided not only in the above embodiment, but also in other embodiments. This eliminates the need for immediate recording of image signal information on magnetic sheet S and enables an image to be retaken as needed until standby button R.sub.1 is pressed finally as in the case of the speech recording. In the above embodiment, all the data stored in locations MR(1) to MR(3) of memory 4 may be recorded as speech signals on the tracks when button R. sub.1 is pushed, button R.sub.2 is pushed and button R.sub. 1 is switched off. The speech information stored not in all the locations of memory 4, but in a specified location may be stored on magnetic sheet S. With respect to FIGS. 6A and 6B, an embodiment will be described in which the speech information stored in a specified location of memory 4 is recorded on magnetic sheet S. This embodiment employs the same structure as that of FIGS. 1-4 except for the flowchart showing the operation of control circuit 5, which is set as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B. In response to turning on of the power supply, the system starts to operate. At step 1, location designation initial value i for memory 4 is set to 0. At step 2, a flag F which indicates that button R. sub.2 is switched on is reset to its initial state. If recording standby button R. sub.1 is then determined as being switched on (at step 3), the following speech and image recording operations will be performed First, the speech recording operation will be described. At step A1, the speech signal information for the last T seconds starts to be stored in location MR(i) (i=0 now) of memory 4. At step A2, it is determined whether or not speech recording button R.sub.2 is pushed. If it is pushed, flag F will be set to "1" at step A3. If it is not, it will be determined whether or not recording standby button R.sub.1 is switched on at step A9. If speech recording button R.sub.2 is pushed and recording standby button R.sub.1 is pushed, steps A1, A2, and A9 will be repeated in loop and the speech data for the last T seconds is updated and stored in location MR(i) (i=0 now) of memory 4. Under these circumstances, if recording standby button R.sub.1 is switched off, the flow will branch from step A9 to step A1 in which case flag F is not "1", so that the flow branches from A10 to A11. If the track which head H.sub.V is accessing is not yet recorded completely, the flow will return from step A11 to step A2. At step A2, when speech recording button R.sub.2 is on, the flow goes to A3, as described above, and flag F is set to "1". The location designation initial value i is then incremented by 1 (step A4). At step A5, speech data starts to be stored in a location MR(i) (i=1 now) of memory 4. This storing operation is continued for T seconds and the flow then goes to step A7. At this step, i is further incremented by 1. Execution of steps A5, A6 will cause speech data for T seconds to be stored in memory MR(i) of memory 4. At steps A3, A7, incrementing the coset for 3, called (MOD 3) is performed. At step A8, it is then determined whether or not recording standby button R.sub.1 is off. If it is off, the flow will go to step A12. If it is not, the flow will return to step A1 to start the storing operation in location MR(i) (i=2 now) of memory 4, and then repeat the steps A1 to A8 in loop. At step A12, the speech data stored in locations, MR(i-2), MR(i- 1) of memory 4 is recorded by head H.sub.V on magnetic sheet S. That is, at step A7, when i=2, a recording is made of the speech data stored in locations MR(0), MR(1), more particularly, the speech data T seconds before recording button R.sub.2 is switched on and the data for T seconds after button R.sub.2 is switched on. If recording standby button R.sub.1 continues to be on when the flow shifts from step A8 to A1, new speech data will be stored in location MR(2) of memory 4. If recording standby button R.sub.1 is switched from on to off with speech recording button R.sub.2 being not switched on while speech data is being stored in the location MR(2), the flow will go through steps A1, A2, A9, A10 to A12 where head H.sub.A records the speech data stored in locations MR(2), MR(1) of memory 4, more particularly, the speech data for T seconds before and after the time when speech recording button R.sub.1 is switched on (the speech data for the interval from the time when the flow branches from step 3 to step A1 to the time when speech recording button R.sub.1 is switched on, and the speech data for T seconds after speech recording button R. sub.1 is switched on, if speech recording button R.sub.1 is switched on before T seconds has passed after the flow has branched from step 3 to step A1). If speech recording button R.sub.2 is again switched on when the flow branches from step A8 to step A1, the flow will go from step A2 through step A3 to step A4 where location designation initial value i is further incremented by 1 to become 3. It should be noted that in the particular embodiment, i is shown as the coset for 3, as described above, so that actually i=0. Steps A5, A6 are then executed to store in location MR(i) (i=0 now) of memory 4 the speech data for T seconds after speech recording button R.sub.2 has been switched on. At step A7, i is incremented by 1. If, after i=1, it is detected that recording standby button R.sub.1 is switched on, the flow branches from step A8 to A12 to record the speech data stored in locations MR(i-2), MR(i-1) of memory 4 by head H.sub.A. Here the speech data is stored in locations MR(2), MR(0), more particularly, the speech data for T seconds both before and after the second time when speech button R.sub.2 is switched on (when speech recording button R.sub.2 is switched on before T seconds has passed from the time when the flow branches from step A8 to step A1, the speech data for the interval from the time when the flow branches from step A8 to step A1 to the time when speech recording button R.sub.2 is switched on, and the speech data for T seconds after speech recording button R.sub.2 is switched on). This flow is repeated each time speech recording button R.sub.2 is switched on. The flow from step V1 to V3 is similar to that from step V1 to V3 of FIGS. 5A and 5B and its explanation will be omitted. Thus in accordance with the particular embodiment, when speech recording button R.sub.2 is switched on while recording standby button R. sub.1 is on, the speech data for a predetermined time both before and after the time when standby button R.sub.2 is switched on is stored in memory 4 and recorded by head H.sub.A on magnetic sheet S when recording standby button R.sub.1 is afterward switched off. When speech recording button R.sub.2 is switched on a plurality of times while recording standby button R.sub.1 is on, the speech data for T seconds before and after the last time when recording button R.sub.2 is switched on is recorded by head H.sub.A on magnetic sheet S. Thus the speech data can be re-recorded on magnetic sheet S by re- pushing speech recording button R.sub.2 while recording standby button R. sub.1 is on. Altering the timing of switching on speech recording button R. sub. 2 would permit the speech recorded to be set at will. In the above embodiment, if speech recording button R.sub.2 is switched on while recording standby button R.sub.1 is on, a recording will be made of the speech data for T seconds after speech recording button R.sub.2 has been switched on although recording standby button R. sub.1 is switched off. If recording standby button R.sub.1 is before recording of the speech data for T seconds is completed after speech recording button R. sub.2 is switched on, a further recording of the speech data for the T seconds will not be made whereas the speech data for the T seconds will be recorded only if speech recording button R.sub.1 is not switched off. This will now be described with respect to FIGS. 7A and 7B which is similar to FIGS. 6A and 6B. In FIGS. 7A and 7B, steps 1 to 4, 11, steps A1, A2, and steps V1 to V3 are similar to those having corresponding reference symbols of FIGS. 6A and 6B and will not be described further. Step 2' of FIG. 7A functions to reset flags F1, F2 together. In the particular embodiment, flag F1 is set and F2 is reset at step A13 when speech recording button R.sub.2 is switched on while speech data for T seconds is being stored in location MR(i) (i=0 now) of memory 4 after recording standby button R.sub.1 is switched on. At step A14, location designation initial value i is incremented by 1, as in step A6 of FIG. 6B. Execution of steps A15, A16, A17 causes the speech data for the T seconds to be stored in location MR(i) (i=1 now) of memory 4. If should be noted that since, in the particular embodiment, step A16 is provided, the flow branches from step A16 to step A24 when recording standby button R.sub.1 is switched on while steps A15, A16, A17 are being executed. In such case, since, at step A24, i=1 now in locations MR(i-1), MR(i) of memory 4, the data in locations MR(0), MR(1) of memory 4 is recorded by head H.sub.A. Consequently, when recording standby button R.sub.1 is switched off before T seconds passes from the time when speech recording button R. sub. 2 is switched on after recording standby button R.sub.1 has been switched on, the speech data stored in memory 4 before speech recording button R. sub.2 is switched on will be recorded by head H.sub.A on magnetic sheet S. The speech data after recording standby button R.sub.1 is switched off will not be recorded on magnetic sheet S. Thus in the recording apparatus of the particular embodiment, an amount of speech data to be recorded on magnetic sheet S can be controlled by the user switching off recording standby button R.sub.1 before the predetermined time passes after speech recording button R.sub. 2 has been switched on. When T seconds has passed with recording standby button R.sub.1 being not switched off while steps A15 to A17 are being repeated, the flow branches from step A17 to A18 to reset flag F1 and set flag F2. Location designation initial value i is then incremented by 1 to become 2 and then the flow returns to step A1. Subsequently, when the flow goes through step A1 to step A2, and if speech recording button R.sub.2 is not switched on at step A2, the flow will branch to step A20. When recording standby button R.sub.1 is determined to be switched off at step A20, the flow goes from step A20 to A21. In such case, flag F2 is set and flag F1 is reset, so that the flow branches from step A21 to step A23 where the data in locations MR(0), MR(1) of memory 4 is recorded on magnetic sheet S. In accordance with the particular embodiment, as just described, the speech data is stored in memory 4 by switching on speech recording button R.sub.2 after recording standby button R.sub.1 is switched on, and then the speech data stored in memory 4 can be immediately recorded on the magnetic sheet by switching off recording standby button R.sub.1. In addition, as in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, if speech recording button R.sub.2 is switched on while recording standby button R. sub.1 is on, and if the recording standby button R.sub.1 is switched off in a predetermined time, the speech data present after recording standby button R.sub.1 is switched on will not be recorded on the magnetic sheet, but only the speech data before recording standby button R.sub.1 is switched on will be recorded on the magnetic sheet, which is an advantage of the particular embodiment. Another embodiment on recording standby button R.sub.1, speech recording button R.sub.2, and image recording button R.sub.3 will now be described using FIG. 8, which is a perspective view of the embodiment on the buttons R.sub.1 to R.sub.3, showing the structure thereof. In FIG. 8, reference numeral 15 denotes an electrostatic capacity detecting circuit which detects the electrostatic capacity of an operation button 18 in the recording apparatus and which if the electrostatic capacity of the operating button is changed due to the operator finger touching the operating button, will input to control circuit 5 a signal similar to the signal produced when recording standby button R shown in FIG. 2 is switched on. Reference numeral 19 denotes a movable contact moved in response to a pressing of operating button 18. Reference numeral 20 denotes a contact which contacts with movable contact 19 when same is pressed through a first stroke Contacts 19, 20 can be grounded via resistance. Contact 20 is connected with the power supply. Signals from contacts 19 and 20 are input as signals from speech and image recording buttons R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, respectively, to control circuit 5. Accordingly, the arrangement of buttons R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 in the particular embodiment is such that pressing of operating button 18 through the first stroke causes a speech signal to be stored, a further pressing of the operating button through a second stroke causes an image signal to be recorded on the magnetic sheet, and releasing of the operating button causes the speech signal stored in memory 4 to be recorded on the magnetic sheet, which improves the operability of the apparatus greatly. Of course, an alternative embodiment may have a switching structure in which three different signals are transmitted to control circuit 5 in response to the respective different strokes of operating button 18.
The Family Self-Sufficiency (FSS) program supports the Housing and Urban Development Department’s (HUD’s) strategic goal of utilizing housing as a platform for improving quality of life by helping HUD-assisted renters increase their economic security and self-sufficiency. The purpose of the FSS program is to promote the development of local strategies to coordinate the use of assistance under the Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) and Public Housing (PH) programs with public and private resources to enable participating families to increase earned income and financial literacy, reduce or eliminate the need for welfare assistance, and make progress toward economic independence and self-sufficiency. Build partnerships with employers and service providers in the community and work with the Program Coordinating Committee (PCC) and with such local service providers to ensure that FSS program participants are linked to the supportive services they need to achieve self-sufficiency, including services for participants with limited English proficiency. Ensure that an Individual Training and Services Plan is prepared for the head of the FSS family and each adult member of the FSS family who elects to participate in the FSS program. Ensure that the services included in the participants’ contracts of participation are provided on a regular, ongoing and satisfactory basis; participants are fulfilling their responsibilities under the contracts; and FSS escrow accounts are established and properly maintained for eligible families. FSS coordinators may also perform job development functions (e.g., outreach to potential employers) for the FSS program. Monitor the progress of participants and evaluate the overall success of the program. FSS coordinators are encouraged to ensure that participants have greater access to financial education/literacy/empowerment/coaching programs that will help them acquire the knowledge and skills to make informed and effective decisions that ultimately help them reach their goals, and achieve self-sufficiency and financial stability. This includes partnering with organizations that can conduct financial education workshops that cover topics such as credit, debt, savings, budgeting, asset building and banking services; and/or organizations that can provide financial coaching. Amount: $75,000,000 is available for approximately 700 awards. The maximum award amount per coordinator is $72,000. Eligibility: Public Housing Authorities (PHAs, including MTW PHAs) and Indian tribes/Tribally Designated Housing Entities (TDHEs) currently administering an FSS program, that have served at least the minimum number of families and have met all other funding requirements. The minimum number of families is determined by formula as follows: 15-24 families will support one part-time position, 25 families will support one full-time position, and an additional 50 families will support each additional position beyond the first full-time position.	https://www.thegrantplantnm.com/grant-detail/u-s-department-of-housing-and-urban-development-family-self-sufficiency-program/
Although a student’s day at Calvert School is full of purpose and concentration, it is also well balanced with opportunities for curiosity and exuberance. Part of our mission is to engage and ignite the inherent desire of all children to explore and understand the world around them. Our teachers are passionate about enhancing our students’ education through fine arts, technology, extra-curricular activities, community outreach, and athletics. Most important, they transfer this passion to our children, which will lead them to become productive and responsible members of their communities. Calvert School prepares its graduates to embrace the challenges awaiting them with confidence, a love of learning, and a growing sense of themselves and their place in the world. We work to preserve the traditions that have been important to so many of our students through generations, but we also strive to inspire students to cultivate new interests and passions.	https://baltimorefishbowl.com/stories/at-calvert-school-passionate-teachers-are-instilling-curiousity-in-students/
Thanks for stopping by! The Three Twenty 15 Podcast was made by creatives for creatives. It’s a collaboration between Three Twenty Studio and It’s Larry G. Creations. In it, they strive to provide listeners with the skills, advice, and guidance they need to get their creative business off the ground. While focusing mainly on photography, it offers a little bit of something for all creatives and business owners. Episodes are released once a month and can be found wherever you listen to your podcasts. There's also a blog set up just for listeners and followers of the podcast where Dylan and Larry offer exclusive content, downloads, and keep the discussion going. About the hosts Dylan Wilkinson was born and raised in Loranger, Louisiana. He's experienced in photography, videography, marketing, music, and design. Larry George II, also known as Larry G, is a Louisiana native experienced in photography, marketing, videography, and music.	https://threetwentystudio.co/three-twenty-15-podcast
« DANCING WILL FIND YOU A SWEETHEART: Wonderful Romantic Evening Of Dancing…By Hank Curci, SCIFI Author.. Serious scientists dismissed all this speculation about Parallel Universes as absurd. But now it seems the speculation wasn’t absurd enough. Parallel universes may well exist and they are much stranger than even the Science Fiction writers dared to imagine. It all started when superstring theory, hyperspace and dark matter made physicists realise that the three dimensions we thought described the Universe weren’t enough. There are actually 11 dimensions. By the time they had finished they’d come to the conclusion that our Universe is just one bubble among an infinite number of membranous bubbles which ripple as they wobble through the eleventh dimension. However, how one constructs a bridge to go from one Universe to another has not been defined other than theoretical speculation in the form of a computerized mathematical algorithms leading to the conclusion that we have no conclusion…. FUN SPACENOODLES ON LINE COLORING BOOKS.. This entry was posted on September 17, 2017 at 12:40 am and is filed under Parallel Universes. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.	https://spacenoodles.blog/2017/09/17/hank-curci-speculates-on-parallel-universes-5/
Have a question? Need assistance? Use our online form to ask a librarian for help. Chat with a librarian, Monday through Friday, 12-4pm Eastern Time (except Federal Holidays). The digital collections of the Library of Congress contain a wide variety of material associated with Hawaii, including manuscripts, books, motion pictures, photographs, and maps. Provided below is a link to the home page for relevant digital collections along with selected highlights for most collections. Written materials in the Library's digital collections include books, government documents, manuscripts, and sheet music. Examples of written materials related to Hawaii are provided for most of the collections listed below. The complete Abraham Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress consist of approximately 20,000 documents which include incoming and outgoing correspondence and enclosures, drafts of speeches, and notes and printed material. Selected highlight from this collection: This collection comprises 253 published narratives by Americans and foreign visitors recounting their travels in the colonies and the United States and their observations and opinions about American peoples, places, and society from about 1750 to 1920. This collection documents the historical formation and cultural foundations of the movement to conserve and protect America's natural heritage, through books, pamphlets, government documents, manuscripts, prints, photographs, and motion picture footage drawn from the collections of the Library of Congress. The collection consists of a variety of materials including newspapers, books, pamphlets, memorials, scrapbooks, and proceedings from the meetings of various women's organizations that document the suffrage fight. There are more than 28,000 items in the collection with 10,172 available online. The material dates from the seventeenth century to the present day and covers innumerable topics. The visual material collections at the Library of Congress contains thousands of images documenting the history of Hawaii. Selected images of Hawaii are provided for each collection listed below. Search on terms such as Honolulu, Maui, Oahu, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park and etc. to locate additional images. This online presentation introduces a multi-faceted man and a variety of complex issues, topics, and events that risk oversimplification in any short retelling. Also included is a sampler of thirty four images related to early baseball (1860s-1920s) from various files and collections in the Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress. This collection Includes over 25,000 glass negatives and transparencies as well as about 300 color photolithograph prints, mostly of the eastern United States. At least four items pertain to Hawaii. The images in the Farm Security Administration-Office of War Information Collection are among the most famous documentary photographs ever produced. Created by a group of U.S. government photographers, the images show Americans in every part of the nation between 1935 and 1944. The collection pertains more than one hundred items pertain to Hawaii. The Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) and the Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) collections document achievements in architecture, engineering, and design in the United States through a comprehensive range of building types and engineering technologies. Browse the collection by geographic index to locate items for Hawaii. There are over 975 items in this collection that mention Hawaii. The Panoramic Photograph Collection contains approximately four thousand images featuring American cityscapes, landscapes, and group portraits. These panoramas offer an overview of the nation, its enterprises and its interests, with a focus on the start of the twentieth century when the panoramic photo format was at the height of its popularity. Subject strengths include: agricultural life; beauty contests; disasters; engineering work such as bridges, canals and dams; fairs and expositions; military and naval activities, especially during World War I; the oil industry; schools and college campuses; sports; and transportation. This collection includes over fifty photographs from Hawaii. This collection contains 181 segments from recorded interviews with quiltmakers and 410 graphic images (prints, positive transparencies, and negatives) from two collections in the American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress: the Blue Ridge Parkway Folklife Project Collection (AFC 1982/00) and the Lands' End All-American Quilt Contest Collection (AFC 1997/011). The Library of Congress has custody of the largest and most comprehensive cartographic collection in the world with collections numbering over 5.5 million maps, 80,000 atlases, 6,000 reference works, over 500 globes and globe gores, 3,000 raised relief models, and a large number of cartographic materials in other formats, including over 19,000 CDs/DVDs. This category includes maps that depict individual buildings to panoramic views of large urban areas. These maps record the evolution of cities illustrating the development and nature of economic activities, educational and religious facilities, parks, street patterns and widths, and transportation systems. Railroad maps represent an important historical record, illustrating the growth of travel and settlement as well as the development of industry and agriculture in the United States. They depict the development of cartographic style and technique, highlighting the achievement of early railroaders. Included in the collection are four maps for Louisiana. The Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps Online Checklist provides a searchable database of the fire insurance maps published by the Sanborn Map Company housed in the collections of the Geography and Map Division. The online checklist is based upon the Library's 1981 publication Fire Insurance Maps in the Library of Congress and will be continually updated to reflect new acquisitions. Browse the collection by location to locate more than 100 maps for Louisiana. The Library oversees one of the largest collections of motion pictures in the world. Acquired primarily through copyright deposit, exchange, gift and purchase, the collection spans the entire history of the cinema. The following moving image collection contain materials related to Hawaii. Work, school, and leisure activities in the United States from 1894 to 1915 are featured in this presentation of 150 motion pictures. The Library of Congress holds the nation's largest public collection of sound recordings (music and spoken word) and radio broadcasts, some 3 million recordings in all. This site features 341 motion pictures, 81 disc sound recordings, and other related materials, such as photographs and original magazine articles.	https://guides.loc.gov/hawaii-state-guide/digital-collections
When it comes to learning any new language it is important to pay a lot of attention to expanding your vocabulary. MemCards is an application designed to use the well-known card method for learning new words. The main features of the application will allow you to: * Create an unlimited number of vocabulary cards; * Group cards into sets; * Use a two-way system of memorizing words; * Track your learning progress; * Transfer custom card sets between devices in one click; * Create a new card as easy as just in 2 clicks with Auto-suggest feature. This application will be useful to you whether you have just decided to learn a new language or want to refresh your knowledge and continue your studies.	https://mightysignal.com/a/ios/490191718/memcards-learn-words-quickly
In Proust’s novel Recollection of Things Past, the distinctive smell of a lemon madeleine launches the narrator on a long, involved reminiscence of his past that fills seven chapters. It is an extreme example of what neuroscientists term “mental time travel” — the recollection of memories so rich in detail regarding the time and place of an original experience that it is much like traveling through time. Of course, not all memories are recalled equally. High fidelity Proustian memories are at one end of the spectrum. At the other are bits of information that a person remembers clearly, but in complete isolation, without any accompanying details. Polyn, working with doctoral students James Kragel and Neal Morton (who is now at the University of Texas, Austin), has developed a model that accounts for how the structures in the MTL support memory retrieval. They have found that the anterior region of the MTL signals that a memory is being retrieved, but doesn’t indicate how detailed it is. However, when the posterior region of the MTL becomes active it indicates that the person is experiencing a “time travel” memory accompanied by considerable detail. The researchers found that when a participant’s brain scan indicated that they recalled an object with high fidelity, then their next response was likely to be the next item on the list. However, when the brain scan indicated that the object was an isolated recollection, then the next object the person recalled could come from anywhere on the list. Polyn’s group had previously developed a model of memory search that could be used to predict the order in which people would retrieve these items from memory. For example, the model predicts that people will tend to first recall the items from the end of the list, and if an item from the middle of the list is recalled, the next recollection is likely to come from a nearby list position. The temporal code acts something like the time stamp that computers put on files. When you search for files stamped with a specific date and time, you retrieve all the files saved at the time you specify. Time-travel memory acts in much the same way, through a process psychologists call “reinstatement.” This process is even more flexible than a computer, in that the temporal code can help you retrieve not just memories from the exact same time, but memories nearby in time, as well. Polyn’s memory model is an example of a new generation of brain simulations that are attempting to link brain activity with specific cognitive cognitive.	http://islamicvoiceofturkey.com/how-brains-perform-mental-time-travel/
The embodiment of the invention provides a remote sensing image segmentation method and a device based on a geographical grid. The method comprises the following steps: extracting the target remote sensing image from the remote sensing image storage server according to the remote sensing image segmentation instruction sent by the load balancing server, and searching the segmentation state code ofthe target remote sensing image from the metadata storage server; If the segmentation state corresponding to the segmentation state code is the state to be segmented, the target remote sensing image is segmented based on the geographic grid. The method and the device provided by the embodiment of the invention store the remote sensing image in the remote sensing image storage server, store the metadata of the remote sensing image in the metadata storage server, store the remote sensing image and the metadata separately, and reduce the pressure of the storage server. The load balancing server is used for unified scheduling of segmentation tasks, so that the pressure of each computing server is relatively average, which improves the segmentation rate of remote sensing images.
Some children with MIS-C test negative for a current infection with the COVID-19 virus. This means they don't currently have the virus that causes COVID-19. Yet evidence indicates that many of these children were infected with the COVID-19 virus in the recent past, as shown by positive antibody test results. An antibody test with a positive result means that the child's immune system developed blood proteins (antibodies) that fought the COVID-19 virus. Sometimes this blood test is the only indication that the child was ever infected — meaning that the child may have fought the infection without ever having signs or symptoms of COVID-19. Still, some children with MIS-C are currently infected with the virus that causes COVID-19. This is usually confirmed by detection of the virus on a swab taken from the back of the nose or throat. In addition to doing antibody testing and a clinical assessment, doctors may order some of these tests to look for inflammation and other signs of MIS-C: Inflammation can seriously affect the heart, blood vessels, kidneys, digestive system, brain, skin or eyes. When doctors suspect MIS-C, they need to rule out active cases of COVID-19 as well as other inflammatory conditions such as Kawasaki disease, sepsis or toxic shock syndrome, for early diagnosis and proper treatment. Most children with MIS-C need to be treated in a hospital. Some need treatment in a pediatric intensive care unit. Treatment usually involves supportive care and measures to reduce inflammation in any affected vital organs to protect them from permanent damage. Treatment depends on the type and severity of symptoms and which organs and other parts of the body are affected by inflammation. Supportive care may include: Treatment to reduce swelling and inflammation may include: There is no evidence that MIS-C is contagious. But there's a chance that your child could have an active infection with the COVID-19 virus or another type of contagious infection. So the hospital will use infection control measures while caring for your child. If your child is seriously ill with MIS-C, you may feel overwhelming anxiety and fear. Because MIS-C is rare, you likely don't know anyone who has been through this experience. To help cope with the emotional toll this can take, ask for support. This can range from discussing your feelings with loved ones and friends to asking for help from a mental health professional. Ask your health care team for advice. For your own sake and that of your child, don't try to handle this anxiety and distress by yourself. Do the best you can to take care of yourself by getting enough healthy food, sleep and physical activity. Try stress management techniques, such as deep breathing, stretching and meditation, to help you through these difficult times. If your child shows any emergency warning signs of MIS-C or is severely sick with other signs and symptoms, take your child to the nearest emergency department or call 911 or your local emergency number. Remember to wear a mask to protect yourself and others. If your child's symptoms are not severe, contact your child's pediatrician or other health care professional. He or she may want to assess your child or refer you immediately to an infectious disease specialist. Here's some information to help you get ready for your appointment. When you make the appointment, ask if there's anything you need to do in advance. Make a list of: vYour doctor is likely to ask you — and your child, depending on his or her age — several questions, such as: Preparing for the appointment can help ensure that you have time to get all of your questions answered and learn what the next steps are and why they're important. Mayo Clinic is a nonprofit organization and proceeds from Web advertising help support our mission. Mayo Clinic does not endorse any of the third party products and services advertised. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.	https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mis-c-in-kids-covid-19/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20502561?p=1
From / Candidate Inf. \| - Full name - Address: city, state, zip code - Contact mobile / phone numbers - Email address \| To / HR Personnel Inf. \| - Title/Name - Position - Organization name - Organization address \|Date:\| Dear Hiring Manager: I'm submitting a letter to express my strong desire to be considered for the position of "manager assistant" being offered by [ organization name ]. I fully believe I'm qualified to fill the position and make great contributions to encourage the growth of organization. A brief review of my career working experience will reveal what I can contribute to [ organization name ]: started working as manager assistant. I'm convinced that I can provide you with the detailed information needed for you to see what positive contributions I could make if given the chance to come in for an interview. At your earliest convenience please contact me at 323.937.3931, or send me an email. Sincerely, [ Applicant name ] Professional experience: Manager assistant employee from [ joining date ] till [ leaving date ] Responsibilities: Senior architect and assistant of the manager draw projects with different computer programs, participate in the design, organize the work, control different sites; meet some customers and workersand attend meetings with the manager. Education: B.Sc, Fine Art, architecture sectio, fine arts faculty, clorado universit, 8/2002. Objective: Resuming my career as - manager assistant - in a company where I can express my skills and experience.	https://jobdescriptionsandduties.com/job-letters-and-resumes/resume-template/381/manager-assistant-380/
The extraordinary thing about this book is that although the theories Malcolm Gladwell puts forward aren’t ground-breaking, he still manages to make them completely fresh. I also used some of his examples to great success in social gatherings: they’re perfect to start interesting debates among friends and crack the ice among strangers. are invariably the beneficiaries of hidden advantages and extraordinary opportunities and cultural legacies that allow them to learn and work hard and make sense of the world in ways others cannot. Outliers – people who don’t “fit into our normal understanding of achievement” – are instead beneficiaries of specialization, collaboration, time, place, and culture. All of Gladwell’s argumentation is based on examples and studies, which he analysis in detail and under a different light. This may be both his weakness and advantage: on one hand everyone knows that statistics can be used to prove just about anything, on the other he chooses such interesting and compelling case-studies that I voluntarily put away my skeptical side (thou shall not take one example and apply the conclusions to the whole!). Gladwell shows that most of the players in the two best junior hockey teams in Canada are born in the early parts of the year. This happens because young hockey players in Canada are grouped by the year they’re born, and at trials kids born in January (older and more developed) will compete with kids born in December. These bigger kids will then get scouted to play for better teams with better coaches, thus giving them an advantage that could influence their future careers. This can also be applied to children who have to start school sooner because they’re born at the end of the year. A child born in December will be in the same class with others born in January. 11 months at such a young age is a considerable gap and it can become a disadvantage if teachers and schools start making any kind of selection too early. How did Korean culture influence the country’s former tragic airline safety record? This was the eeriest case-study and the one that grabbed me the most. Gladwell uses several transcripts from the cockpit’s conversations, especially from the fated Flight 801. Until recently, Korean pilots’ crash record was above average and the cause was traced back to the their high deference to authority: it was almost impossible for Korean co-pilots to question the captain or any figure of authority. This also applied to aggressive control-tower operators, especially if the conversation was in English. For an even more fascinating debate, gather a few friends from different nationalities and introduce them to the “Power Distance Index”. There was one example in particular that impressed me on a personal level. I already mentioned here that I’m don’t think social mobility exists (or at least not in the scale we’re led to believe), so I appreciated Gladwell’s courage in tackling this. What’s preventing social mobility in countries where access to education – the best social leveler – should be universal?Extra points for Gladwell for not going into the “cost of education” debate, but focusing instead on the role of the family. He mentioned a study where scientists measured children’s knowledge twice a year: at the end of school year and right at the beginning. What they found was that while the difference between poor and rich kids was small at the school year’s end, the difference after the summer holidays was much noticeable. The study put forward this explanation: while rich parents were much more hands-on during the holidays and encouraged reading, board games and summer camps, poorer families treated the summer as the children’s time and gave them more independence. Nowadays we’re so used to criticizing the school system for everything that findings like these should be more widely known, even if they’re not exactly politically correct. I grew up in a low middle-class family in an inner-city neighborhood and noticed that at each stage of my life (high-school, uni, traineeship abroad, getting a job, moving abroad again), I met less and less people with a similar background. I actually don’t know any Portuguese in Brussels who at any given time didn’t attend a private school. Or who, like me, was the first in his/her family to have a degree. What I did have was a mother who took me to a museum each Sunday morning (free entrance). So, Outliers isn’t Pulitzer-material and I’m sure one could easily put some holes in Gladwell’s assumptions, but he did make me see certain things in a new light, and I’m always grateful when that happens. What next, Tipping Point or Blink? Tipping Point! What I like about Malcom Gladwell is that he takes obvious common sense things that aren’t so obvious in the daily rush rush of ours lives and then he makes it, well, duh, blatantly obvious. He has an interesting view on human behavior, and I think although he is quite good, his books can be a bit hit and miss, some chapters brilliant some just boring. Outliers is definitely the best one! I haven’t read this book albeit I see it around lots, and thanks to your post I know what it’s about. This book reads like what educational researchers have been doing, and they have case studies and theories too. Yes, sometimes ‘common sense’ phenomena still need to be studied and researched. The idea of “Cultural Legacies” for Gladwell sounds like what ed/social researchers call ‘Cultural Capital’. Other ‘capital’ include social, family, relationships… etc. Financial capital is only one and often not the key factor for success. You’ll make a most interesting ‘case study’ in that your home learning environment and enriched activities like your mother bringing you to the museums must be conducive factors for your career and outlook. Interestingly, the stuff about school holidays made the papers over here belatedly this summer. I don;t suppose Gladwell addresses it but, apparently one of the biggest predictors of academic success is whether the child had a regular bedtime story read to him or her. On the Canadian hockey point, some private schools over here now have an admissions policy that only accepts a certain proportion opf pupils born in the early part of the academic year so as to try and combat the advantage that the older ones have – mini-Falaise was, curiously, born on the second day of her academic year, so I hope the perceived advantage proves true! This seems really interesting, I was wondering about the difference according to when in the year you’re born lately and this makes me want to read this book even more. This sounds so good! I have The Tipping Point at home (unread) and want to get Blink as well. And not this one too. I was born in December and never felt any disadvantage, but I’m glad Shane was born in January if it might help him along the way somewhere! @inesoca: agree re. the hit and miss, I wasn’t very convinced with the chapter about the jewish textile workers.. @Arti: I should research all about “Cultural Capital” because social mobility is an issue that really interest me. Thanks for the tip! @Falaise: So does that mean that those certain schools have notice that some kids have a disadvantage? Interesting! 2nd day, hey? Spot on! @Kailana: This one is a good start, I think. I even suspect it’s his best. @Larissa: We should talk about it more when we meet each other again, I’d like to know a parent’s POV. @gaskella: Do you think other teachers are also aware? is it something that’s pointed out in teachers’ school? I just had a friend point out to me that I needed to read this to sort out my life. Hm… But I have heard a lot about Outliers and it’s always interesting to see what makes successful people tick in a non-rose tinted glasses kind of way.	https://thesleeplessreader.com/2011/09/19/outliers-by-malcolm-gladwell/
Erika F. Puni, Director, General Conference Stewardship Summary: The writer reminds us that followers of Jesus are persons who accept His Creatorship, are faithful in their Christian stewardship that includes proper care and use of the earth’s resources, while waiting for Him to come again to reign forever and to make everything new. Growing up as a Seventh-day Adventist on the Islands of the South Pacific, I heard very little said about Christian responsibility of the environment. On the other hand, we constantly heard sermons and discussions about eschatological events associated with the Second Coming of Jesus Christ and the millennium, and also of the larger picture of the future ultimate destruction of this world with God making all things new including a new heaven and a new earth (Revelation 21). I am not suggesting that as a church community we do not believe in personal responsibility for the earth that we live in, but I am saying that our strong emphasis on the Advent of Jesus may have given some people the wrong impression that we only care about going to heaven and have no concern for the environment today. Actually as Adventists, we believe and teach stewardship of the earth, and we can do more. “We are God’s stewards, entrusted by Him with time and opportunities, abilities and possessions, and the blessings of the earth and its resources. We are responsible to Him for their proper use” (Seventh-day Adventist Believe, 2005: 301,307). In this article, I submit to our readers that Christian stewards are both creationists (believe that Jesus as Creator made all things) and Adventists (believe that Jesus will come back to this earth as King of the Universe). The biblical record begins with the assertion that “In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth” Genesis 1:1 (NIV). This statement of fact makes two very important theological points. First, before anything was made, God was. Second, the universe (the heavens and earth) as we know it is a product of God’s creation. Moreover, Adam and Eve (the first humans) were placed by God in the Garden of Eden as partners to extend His “rule” over His creation through their stewardship of the earth (Genesis 1:28; 2:8,15). Thus, from the very beginning of time, humans were given the special task of being stewards of the world not because they own it but because they accepted God as their Maker and Owner of all things. Creator and owner of the universe As a reminder of His sovereignty and ownership of the universe, God in His work of creation set time (the seventh day) aside (made holy) so that Adam, Eve and their descendants would recognize Him as their Creator. For the first humans Sabbath keeping was an act of faith in the God who had power to create and in His “completed” work of creation (Genesis 2:1-2). They did not need to do or add anything more to what God had made which was “good.” The Sabbath was God’s invitation for humans to come into His presence to rest and find communion in Him and with Him. Worship, in this context, was both a voluntary and spiritual response to everything that God was and is. Sabbath observance for Adam and Eve was to be an on-going love experience between them and the Creator just like their duty to care for earth. In response to the question posed by the disciples about the end time and the sign of His coming, Jesus used parables to communicate truths about this subject in Matthew 24 and 25. In the parable of the “talents” (Matthew 25:14-30) Jesus makes the point that persons waiting for the Advent must work and be good stewards of the financial resources given to them by the “Master” (God). Accountability to God as a stewardship infers that value and principle is not limited only to money but also to other areas of human life and experience including care of the environment. This emphasis on personal responsibility and accountability on the part of “Adventists” (individuals waiting for the coming of Jesus as King) is also highlighted in the parable of the “Judgment” (Matthew 25: 31-46). Jesus’ central point in both chapters is that our eschatology of the future must be informed by our theology and life experience of today. In His last message for the world in Revelation 14, God makes another call for the inhabitants of the earth to honor and worship the Creator “who made the heavens, the earth, the sea and the springs of water" (verse 7). This reference to the created works of God is not an incidental notation but a significant restatement of who God is. The worship of the Creator God includes the proper care and management of the world that He made. More importantly, this eternal message of God’s good news concludes with the depiction of the return of Jesus as King and coming for the harvest—a time of reckoning and rewards (Revelation 14:14). Our final standing with God at the end time rests on our willingness to acknowledge Him as our Creator, and obedience to His will as revealed in Jesus. So what do these Bible passages and examples say to us as Christian stewards? They remind us that followers of Jesus are persons who accept His Creatorship, are faithful in their Christian stewardship that includes proper care and use of the earth’s resources, while waiting for Him to come again to reign forever and to make everything new. These individuals live in expectation of the Advent and recognize their God-given responsibility in the present to society and the world they live in. Their hope is for a “new” earth in the future where the lion and the lamb will roam together and where its citizens live and abide by the Laws of the Creator. And, this is not in conflict with their present lifestyle of being good and responsible stewards of God’s rule in the world today.	https://stewardship.adventist.org/page629
Not much is known about William Shakespeare’s early life before he moved to London and became famous. That includes his marriage to Anne Hathaway. Anne was a daughter of Richard Hathaway, a local yeoman landowner from Shottery, a small village near Stratford-upon-Avon. It is unclear who her biological mother was, and it is presumed that she was Richard’s first wife. The big house she grew up in is now a major tourist attraction, known as the Anne Hathaway’s Cottage. Interestingly enough, the house is neither a cottage, being too big for that, nor did it ever belong to Anne. There are almost no details about her childhood or early life. Whether she received some education is unknown, but claims that she was illiterate are highly dubious since hew family was devoutly Protestant and reading was deemed necessary, for reading a Bible at least if nothing else. Anne was eight years older than William, and the events surrounding their marriage are unclear. After her father died, he left her some money in his will, but only after she gets married. Young William, who was 18 at the time of the wedding, paid 40 pounds to the local priest to expedite the marriage, the reason for this becoming obvious six months later when Anne gave birth to a baby girl named Susanna in 1583. Two years later, she birthed twins named Hamnet and Judith. Age difference and Anne’s pregnancy have given reason to some historians to claim that their marriage was, in fact, a shotgun wedding, forcing Shakespeare into wedlock he detested. While this is certainly a possibility, there isn’t any evidence to confirm it. Despite spending the majority of his time in London, Shakespeare always spent a portion of each year in Strafford. Another interesting and revealing detail of his life is that, after he retired from the theater in 1613, he quit London altogether, although he could have easily stayed there, and came to Strafford to live with Anne Hathaway. Their life together lasted only three years and William died in 1616. His will caused more mysteries when it comes to his relationship with Anne. For instance, she wasn’t even included in the original testament. She was only added about a month before Shakespeare died as if she was an afterthought. Even then, he only left her his “second-best bed with the furniture.” There are many interpretations of this bequest. Some say that Anne was entitled to one-third of his estate anyway and thus no inheritance was needed in the first place. Others claim that, according to the tradition of the time, the best bed was reserved for guest and that the second-best bed was, in fact, their marital bed, which could be worth quite a lot, as beds of rich citizens at the time were quite elaborate affairs. Still, the fact is that we simply don’t know. Anne Hathaway outlived her famous husband by seven years and is buried next to him in Stratford’s Holy Trinity Church.	https://foreignpolicyi.org/anne-hathaway-shakespeares-mysterious-wife/
Welcome to Concordia Care – Lafayette. On behalf of our entire team, thank you for considering our nursing and rehabilitation center for you or your family member’s care. We offer short-term rehabilitative care. Our emphasis is on service excellence – providing quality care in a home-like environment to allow for independence and to enable our patients to receive the medical care they need, physical, occupational, and speech therapy they require, and the support their families deserve. Our resident and family councils meet regularly to ensure that our residents’ needs are being met to their satisfaction. Working with your physician, our staff – including medical specialists, nurses, nutritionists, therapists, dietitians and social workers – establishes a comprehensive treatment plan intended to restore you or your loved one to the fullest practicable potential.	http://www.lafayetterehab.com/our-center/welcome/
On 2 December 2013, the People’s Bank of China (“PBOC”) issued its opinion (the “Opinions”) on financial supports for China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone (“Shanghai FTZ”). While some policies still need further details and implementing rules, the Opinions show the PBOC’s great support for the Shanghai FTZ. Most of these new policies should be implemented within the next three months according to PBOC's Shanghai branch. The Opinions mainly cover management of free trade accounts, cross-border investments and transactions, use of cross-border RMB, and interest rate liberation and foreign exchange reforms. The Opinions introduce a new type of bank account that can be opened in the Shanghai FTZ by the residents(1) in the FTZ, the free trade account (“FTA”). These accounts allow transactions to be made in both local and foreign currency, including for outbound investments and borrowing of foreign loans. Non-residents may also open free trade accounts for non-residents (“FTN”) at banks inside the FTZ, which allow both local and foreign currency transactions. Funds can be freely transferred between FTAs, FTNs, and other offshore accounts and onshore non-resident accounts. FTA holders may also transfer funds in their FTA to their other onshore accounts (or vice versa) based on cross-border transactions, such as current account business, repayment of loans, investments, etc. As we understand, banks will still require their usual documents for cross-border transactions, such as contracts and invoices. Further, even if the Opinions do not set forth any restraints on such fund transfers, future implementing rules may subject them to a quota. FTZ residents will also be able to use their FTAs for cash pooling among their domestic and foreign subsidiaries/affiliates. Fund transfers between FTAs and other onshore accounts outside the FTZ not belonging to the same entity will be regulated as cross-border transactions. No prior approvals: Under the Opinions, companies in the Shanghai FTZ conducting outbound investment may remit funds overseas without any prior approval from authorities. However, the General Plan of the FTZ still requires FTZ companies to file their outbound investments with authorities. Whether banks will require a record of filing to process remittances is subject to further clarification from the banks. In addition, according to some FTZ officials, outbound investments over USD 1 billion must still be approved by the Ministry of Commerce. Individual investments: Qualified individuals(2) working in the FTZ may invest in foreign securities or conduct other outbound investment. They may also transfer income obtained legally in the FTZ to offshore accounts. However, it is unclear whether such individuals can use only the income they gained in the FTZ for their outbound investments, or whether they may also use their other income gained outside the FTZ. Qualified foreign workers in the FTZ may invest in the Chinese securities market or conduct other onshore investment, though the PBOC has yet to clarify the eligibility criteria for either foreign workers or individuals. Capital markets: Financial institutions and companies in the Shanghai FTZ may invest in the Shanghai securities and futures market. Parent companies of the companies in the FTZ may issue RMB-denominated bonds in the onshore market. Qualified companies in the FTZ will be allowed to invest in offshore securities markets, including derivatives, to hedge their risks, though the PBOC has yet to clarify the eligibility criteria for the said qualified companies in the FTZ. Foreign loans: Companies, non-banking financial institutions and other organisations registered in the FTZ may borrow offshore funds based on their business needs. Such offshore loans will still be subject to foreign loan administration. Financial institutions in Shanghai may handle cross-border RMB transactions related to current accounts and foreign direct investments upon payment instructions from individuals or companies in the FTZ. Documents usually required by banks, such as agreements, customs clearances and invoices, are no longer needed. Financial institutions in Shanghai may also provide RMB clearing services to cross-border e-commerce transactions in cooperation with a licensed payment institution in the FTZ. Financial institutions and companies in the FTZ may borrow offshore RMB; however, these funds cannot be invested in securities or derivatives or used for entrusted loans. The Opinions remain very general on interest rate liberalisation, saying that liberalisation will occur when the right time comes. The PBOC will also remove the ceiling rate on small foreign currency deposits at the “appropriate” time. Qualified financial institutions in the FTZ will have priority when to issue large negotiable certificates of deposit. The Opinions extend the scope of pilot multinational companies that may conduct cash pooling in foreign currency. Foreign exchange registration for foreign direct investments is now conducted by banks instead of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. The Opinions support the development of the financial leasing industry in the FTZ and will simplify approval procedures for it. All the aforementioned financial reforms are subject to the supervision of anti-money laundering, anti-terrorist financing and regulation of tax evasion. The PBOC will also establish a living monitoring mechanism towards fund flow in the FTZ. The PBOC may, at its discretion, put forth stronger supervision of short-term speculative fund flows in the FTZ, and even take temporary control measure against such fund flow. The Opinions detail the financial reforms first presented in the State Council’s General Plan released in September 2013. They do not differ much from expectation. Some provisions in the Opinions, such as operation of FTAs and FTNs and cross-border RMB transactions are ready to be implemented. In fact, many domestic banks are well-prepared to promote their banking services in response to the Opinions. On the other hand, other policies remain unclear. For example, individual outbound investments still require further detailed implementing rules, while interest rate liberalisation must wait for the “right” time. Lastly, even though the PBOC has relaxed control on cross-border fund flow, transactions between the FTZ and the rest of China may still be considered cross-border transactions subject to the close monitoring of the PBOC and banks. _______ 1) “Residents” mean residents of China, including (1) all natural persons who have resided in China for more than one year; and (2) businesses or institutions (including foreign-invested enterprises and financial institutions with foreign capital) with legal person status established within China according to law. 2) The Opinions do not define “individuals”, though we understand it to mean PRC citizens.	https://www.gide.com/en/news/the-peoples-bank-of-china-pboc-releases-new-circular-on-shanghai-ftz
Nick George, a young man with Asperger's syndrome, shares his experiences of being bullied at school. Tony Bartoli lives with cerebral palsy and describes being pushed down emotionally and physically. Stuart discovered that his son Akian, an elementary school student with autism, was repeatedly bullied by a teacher and aide. Conny Dahn, a special needs teacher, describes her experience turning around the culture of bullying in her daughter's school. Featured experts examine the warning signs for parents that suspect their child might be bullied. Part of Bullied: You're Not Alone Series.	https://dcmp.org/media/7471
The general purpose of this thesis was to examine the influence of different training programs on the Aerobic (AerT) and Anaerobic (AnT) thresholds, and on submaximal endurance performance.;From the first experiment, a 3-min, 30-W incremental cycle ergometer test was selected for the other experiments since it provided representative measures for all variables that were to be evaluated.;From a cross-sectional approach among 5 groups of subjects, the second experiment revealed that continuous endurance training (CT) appeared to augment relative AerT and AnT(' )(%VO(,2)max) values compared to active non-runners and inactive subjects. High-intensity, interval training (IT) appeared to decrease AnT.;In the third experiment, expression of the intensity of performance rides relative to(' )VO(,2)max, to AerT or to both thresholds did not appear to affect the inter-subject variability in time to fatigue (TF).;Expressing the active recovery intensity relative to AerT, rather than to(' )VO(,2)max, decreased the individual variability in lactate removal rates in the fourth experiment. An optimal lactate removal rate was predicted at AerT-10%(' )VO(,2)max.;For the fifth experiment, the effects of an 8-week CT or IT program were compared. AerT increased for group CT whereas no change was observed for IT. In contrast, AnT decreased for IT but CT did not change. The TF at 85%(' )VO(,2)max increased for CT from 17 to 23 min but no change was noted for IT; these changes were related to the intensity of the exercise expressed relative to AnT.;From these studies, it was concluded that: (1) CT increases AerT; (2) IT decreases AnT; and (3) performance at submaximal exercise intensities is influenced by relative threshold values. Recommended Citation Mclellan, Thomas Martin, "The Significance Of The Aerobic And Anaerobic Thresholds For Performance And Training" (1982). Digitized Theses. 1183.	https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/digitizedtheses/1183/
The remains of a Stone Age-era dog and his master were found ʙᴜʀɪᴇᴅ together at an excavation site in Sweden, with clear photos now showing the ancient canine bones, reports said. The dog, believed to have been ʙᴜʀɪᴇᴅ more than 8,400 years ago, was uncovered by archaeologists in Sölvesborg, about 350 miles south of Stockholm, in late September 2020. The team transported the 250kg block containing the ancient dog back to the Blekinge Museum in Karlskrona, where the surrounding sediment was carefully scraped and brushed away to best reveal the canine’s bones. According to the animal osteologist who conducted a preliminary examination of the remains earlier this year, the breed of the dog would have been quite unfamiliar to us today — but it would was akin to ‘a powerful greyhound’. The settlement unearthed at the Ljungaviken site would have once lain on the coast, before rising sea levels covered the site with layers of sand and mud that kept is artefacts preserved for thousands of years. The area where the dog’s remains were found has been the focus of one the largest archaeological digs ever undertaken in the region. Such effort is the result of a collaboration between archaeological researchers and the local authorities. Researchers have uncovered evidence of at least 56 structures that once stood at the site — alongside traces of various pits and postholes.‘The dog is well preserved, and the fact that it is ʙᴜʀɪᴇᴅ in the middle of the Stone Age settlement is unique,’ said osteologist Ola Magnell of the Blekinge Museum. The beloved dog was ʙᴜʀɪᴇᴅ with its master as part of the latter’s so-called ‘grave goods’ — an ancient tradition in which the living interred the ᴅᴇᴀᴅ along with objects of material and sentimental worth. Finds such as these make you ‘feel even closer to the people who lived here. A ʙᴜʀɪᴇᴅ dog somehow shows how similar we are over the millennia when it comes to the feelings like grief and loss,’ Dr Persson said in a statement. Experts believe that the Ljungaviken site was inhabited by hunters during the Stone Age. When the archaeologists have finished their studies, construction will begin to turn the area into a residential community. Experts believe that dogs have served as ‘man’s best friend’ for thousands of years — as archaeologists have uncovered evidence all over the world that suggests that have long been domesticated pets. In August this year, for example, researchers in southern Italy discovered what may be the oldest ever remains of a pet dog — dating back to sometime between 14,000–20,000 years ago. The team from the from the University of Siena said that they hope their discovery can shed light on how dogs made the leap from wild carnivores to loving companions. One theory moots that, due to a lack of food, wolves became scavengers out of necessity — a switch which took them close to human settlements. Some experts believe that the animals and our ancestors slowly developed a bond, from which a near symbiotic relationship ultimately flourished. Others think that wolves and humans hunted together — and that this is how the relationship was first forged.	https://paxi.info/faithful-8400-year-old-dog-found-buried-with-his-master-in-sweden/
Bark smooth throughout, pale grey and coppery-orange, shedding in long ribbons. Branchlets very glaucous, oil glands present in the pith. Juvenile growth (coppice or field seedlings to 50 cm): stems usually square in cross-section, glaucous; juvenile leaves always petiolate, alternate, deltoid to ovate to broadly lanceolate, 6–13.5 cm long, 2–10 cm wide, glaucous. Adult leaves alternate, petioles 2.5–4 cm long; blade lanceolate, 10–20 cm long, 1.5–4.5 cm wide, base tapering to petiole, margin entire, apex pointed, dull, grey-green or blue-green to slightly glaucous, side-veins at an acute or wider angle to midrib, reticulation dense to very dense and broken, intramarginal vein close to margin, oil glands intersectional. Inflorescence axillary unbranched, peduncles stout, glaucous, 1–2.7 cm long, buds 7, 9 or 11 per umbel, pedicellate, pedicels 0.2–0.5 cm long. Mature buds obovoid to pyriform (0.9–1.4 cm long, 0.5–0.8 cm wide), glaucous, scar present, operculum conical or rounded (0.25–0.5 cm long), sometimes apiculate, equal to or slightly narrower than hypanthium at the join, radially striate or not, stamens inflexed, anthers cuboid to wedge-shaped, versatile, sub-dorsifixed, dehiscing by longitudinal slits, style long and straight, stigma rounded to tapering, locules 4 or 5, the placentae each with 4 vertical rows of ovules. Flowers creamy white. Fruit pedicellate, pedicels 0.2–0.4 cm long, obconical to cupular or slightly campanulate, 0.9–1.3 cm long, 0.8–1.1(1.4) cm wide, usually glaucous, disc descending, valves 4 or 5, near rim level. Seeds reddish brown and glossy, 1.5–3 mm long, flattened-ovoid and often slightly angular in outline, dorsal surface shallowly reticulate, hilum ventral. Cultivated seedlings (measured at ca node 10): cotyledons reniform; stems square to rounded in cross-section, glaucous; leaves always petiolate, opposite for 3 to 6 nodes then alternate, ovate, 6.5–9 cm long, 3.5–5.5 cm wide, coarse, thick, slightly glaucous to greenish. Flowering has been recorded in January. Eucalyptus georgei is a small tree (mallet) species endemic to Western Australia, restricted to a few localities between Hyden and Norseman and disjunctly from the Fraser Range area east of Norseman. The bark is smooth and sheds characteristically in long ribbons that remain hanging from the crown and down the trunk. In the classification of Brooker (2000) Eucalyptus georgei belongs in Eucalyptus subgenus Symphyomyrtus section Dumaria having these features: buds initially with two opercula the outer shed early, stamens strongly inflexed, ovules in 4 rows on the placentae and cotyledons reniform. Within section Dumaria the species belongs to a large sub-group of closely related species (series Rufispermae, 37 described species and subspecies) diagnosed by glandular pith in the branchlets, anthers cuboid to wedge-shaped, versatile, and by the reddish brown and glossy, flattish seeds which are unique to the series. In the general area between Mt Day, Norseman and Balladonia the large-fruited species of series Rufispermae most likely to be confused with E. georgei is E. lesouefii which, like E. georgei, has waxy branchlets, buds and fruits but is rough-butted and has ribbed buds and fruit. Other large-fruited tree species in this group, and likely to be encountered in this area, are non-glaucous (E. fraseri, E. tenuis, E. distuberosa and E. pterocarpa) and in some cases are also ribbed. There are two subspecies: E. georgei subsp. georgei This form has dull, blue-green to glaucous leaves and glaucous branchlets, and usually glaucous buds and young fruit. It occurs east from the Mt Day–Bremmer Range area and disjunctly in the Fraser Range towards Balladonia. It is a slender mallet to 15 m tall. In 2001 Hill et al published a new tree species, E. assimilans, covering the eastern population from the Fraser Range area east to Balladonia. E. assimilans was stated to differ from E.georgei subsp. georgei by having a more or less conical operculum and shorter fruit 0.9–1.2 cm long. Whilst subsp. georgei consistently differs in having a rounded operculum the fruit dimensions (0.9–1.3 cm long) don't differ much at all with the smallest fruit found on trees in the Mount Day area. E. assimilans is here regarded as synonymous with E. georgei subsp. georgei. E. georgei subsp. fulgida This form has glossy green adult leaves and glaucous branchlets, buds and young fruit. It is known only from small stands sporadically distributed between the Mount Day area and to the south-east of there in Frank Hann National Park.	https://apps.lucidcentral.org/euclid/text/entities/eucalyptus_georgei_subsp._georgei.htm
# List of awards and nominations received by Yandel Llandel Veguilla Malavé (born January 14, 1977), better known by his stage name Yandel, is a Puerto Rican reggaeton recording artist and record producer, who emerged in the music scene during late-1990s. He is best known as a member of the reggaeton duo Wisin & Yandel, active from 1998 to 2013, year in which they began a hiatus period in order to focus on their respective solo careers. Among several accolades, Wisin & Yandel are the only reggaeton acts to win both a Grammy and a Latin Grammy Award, both awards achieved for their 2007 studio album Los Extraterrestres. After announcing his hiatus with Wisin, Yandel released two studio albums, an extended play and a live album. His studio albums, De Lider a Leyenda (2013) and Dangerous (2015), debuted at number-one on Billboard's Top Latin Albums and both received Latin certifications by the Recording Industry Association of America (Gold and Platinum, respectively). Currently he is working on his upcoming album, Update, scheduled to be released during 2017. As to accolades received as soloist, Yandel won 7 awards out of 51 nominations, including two Latin Grammy Awards (Best Urban Song and Best Urban Fusion/Performance), a Latin American Music Award for Album of the Year and a special award given by the Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame's board of directors. ## American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers Awards The ASCAP Awards are awarded annually by the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers in the United States. ## Billboard Latin Music Awards The Billboard Latin Music Awards are awarded annually by Billboard magazine in the United States. Yandel received no awards from seven nominations. ## Broadcast Music, Inc. Awards Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) annually hosts award shows that honor the songwriters, composers and music publishers of the year's most-performed songs in the BMI catalog. ## iHeartRadio Music Awards The iHeartRadio Music Awards are awarded annually by the radio network iHeartRadio in the United States. Yandel received no awards from two nominations. ## International Dance Music Awards The International Dance Music Awards are awarded annually during the Winter Music Conference in the United States. Yandel received no awards from one nomination. ## Latin American Music Awards The Latin American Music Awards are awarded annually by the television network Telemundo in the United States. Yandel received one award from seven nominations. ## Latin Grammy Awards The Latin Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the Latin Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences in the United States. Yandel received two awards from five nominations. ## Latin Music Italian Awards The Latin Music Italian Awards are awarded annually by the Latin Music Official in Italy. Yandel received one award from twelve nominations. ## Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame The Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame (LSHOF) is an honor by its Board of Directors to "educate, preserve, honor and celebrate the legacy of the greatest Latin songwriters from all over the world and their music in every genre". The LSHOF also awards The Muse Voice Award, which is given to five inductees and other special award recipients. Yandel received one award from one nomination. ## Lo Nuestro Awards The Lo Nuestro Awards are awarded annually by the television network Univision in the United States. Yandel received one award from eleven nominations. ## Premios Juventud The Premios Juventud are awarded annually by the television network Univision in the United States. Yandel received no awards from two nominations. ## Premios Tu Mundo The Premios Tu Mundo are presented annually by the television network Telemundo in the United States. Yandel received no awards from one nomination. ## Tecla Awards The Tecla Awards are presented annually by Hispanicize Media Group in the United States. Yandel received one award from one nomination.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Yandel
Two Egyptian mummies that rested next to each other for nearly 4,000 years are not full brothers, but rather half brothers, finds a new study that used advanced DNA sequencing. The finding settles a 111-year-old mystery that began when excavators exhumed the two mummies in Deir Rifeh, a village 250 miles (400 kilometers) south of Cairo, in 1907. Both mummies — thought to be of noble lineage, based on their luxurious grave goods and the elite placement of their tomb — had the female name "Khnum-Aa" written on their coffins. Khnum-Aa was referred to as the mother of both men, but studies in subsequent years couldn't confirm it. Now, by analyzing DNA extracted from the mummies' teeth, researchers have verified that these two ancient Egyptians had the same mother but different fathers. [In Photos: 3,800-Year-Old Coffin Holds Ancient Egyptian Woman] "This is an extremely rare, perhaps unique, case where we have been able to test an ancient claim of a maternal relationship made in hieroglyphic texts, alongside the bodies of the individuals concerned," study co-researcher Campbell Price, a curator of Egypt and Sudan at the University of Manchester's Manchester Museum in England, told Live Science. Blood brothers? The two mummies — named Nakht-Ankh and Khnum-Nakht — lived during the 12th dynasty, which lasted from 1985 B.C. to 1773 B.C. Although Nakht-Ankh was older by at least 20 years, Khnum-Nakht died first, when he was roughly 40 years old, about six months before his brother, according to dates written on their bandages. Further analyses revealed that the fathers of the men weren't named in the inscriptions but rather were referred to as a local ruler. With little else to go on, researchers tried a variety of techniques to determine whether the mummies were, in fact, brothers. For instance, Margaret Murray and her colleagues, who studied the mummies when they were brought to the University of Manchester in 1908, concluded that the two were not related after studying the anatomy of the mummies' skulls and bodies. In the 1970s, an examination of the mummies' skin pigmentation led researchers to the same conclusion. "Previous analyses have been inconclusive or contradictory," Price said. "Only now has technology developed far enough to allow this type of study." DNA analysis To get to the bottom of the mystery, researchers extracted DNA from two molars from each mummy. However, the DNA quality in Khnum-Nakht was so poor, the researchers had to extract a third molar from him. (Khnum-Nakht likely died unexpectedly, as his mummy was not eviscerated — that is, the organs had not been removed — and the mummy was in worse condition than Nakht-Ankh, the researchers said.) Then, the researchers analyzed the mitochondrial DNA (genetic material passed down from the mother) and Y chromosomal DNA (genetic material passed down from the father). "The two mummies had identical mitochondrial profiles, [so] we can be sure they were related maternally," the study's lead researcher, Konstantina Drosou, a research associate at the Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, in the United Kingdom, told Live Science. "For the Y chromosome, the results were less complete due to the fact that the Y chromosome exists in only one copy per cell, whereas the mitochondrial DNA exists in multiple copies per cell." [In Photos: Ancient Egyptian Tombs Decorated with Creatures] Even so, the Y chromosome results indicated that the two men likely had different fathers. The study is published in the February issue of the Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. Original article on Live Science.	https://www.livescience.com/61448-mummies-are-half-brothers.html
The wooden sailing ketch Brian Boru has set sail from Galway on 3 July 2017, the last ship to depart from the successful three day celebration of SeaFest 2017. The Brian Boru, is specifically modified for carrying passengers on voyages of discovery learning about the heritage and wildlife of Ireland. The voyage will head for Limerick with eight teenagers from six countries including Ireland on board, as part of a Safe Haven Ireland voyage. Using sailing as an experience to develop understanding and knowledge about different countries, Safe Haven Ireland voyages builds community relationships in Ireland and empowers young people through various youth development initiatives. CEO and founder of Safe Haven Ireland, Shauna Gillan said, "Bringing people together through sailing is a very positive learning opportunity. We have seen shy young people blossom on board over the course of a week as they form new friendships. Some of these young people are coming from war zones, and they learn to trust themselves and each other as well as overcome personal and physical challenge on board." The teenagers from Afghanistan, Albania, Bolivia, South Africa, Botswana and the Aran Islands will learn how to sail a ship and how to navigate in challenging Irish coastal waters, making their own decisions about what course to plot over the week. In the process they learn the vital importance of working as a team 24-hours a day, as they take the helm, raise and lower sails, stand watch, cook for each other and keep the vessel ship-shape. "We have a simple mission – sailing for all. Sailing is truly a transformative adventure and it something really special when you see young people take on the challenge of a long sea voyage. With the support from SeaFest, including the Marine Institute, this trip will provide the new crew an opportunity to learn about how the ocean has a significant influence on our lives," Ms Gillan said.	https://www.marine.ie/Home/site-area/news-events/news/brian-boru-sets-sail-galway-safe-haven-ireland-voyage
Here we have received a sheet on the Masks Sales in Single-Day Sheet from a supermarket. How can we quickly calculate the sum, average, maximum, and daily sales volume during the period from August 19th to 31st? We can use the AutoSum feature of the WPS Spreadsheet, rather than calculating all data one by one with a calculator, which would be a waste of time. Follow these step. 1. Select the data area, click the AutoSum drop-down button in the Formulas tab. 2. Find the Sum button and click to quickly get the sum value result. The method is the similiar to findaverages. 1.Select the data area of the table that needs to be averaged. 2. Click the AutoSum drop-down buttonin theFormulas tab. 3. Click the Average button, then you can calculate the average daily sales volume of masks in August. We can also quickly calculate the maximum sales volume and minimum sales volume of Wal-Mart during this time period. In addition, we can quickly count the number of days that masks have been selling in the supermarket during this time period. That's howAutoSum function in WPS Spreadsheet operates. For all, easy our work with WPS Spreadsheet like Microsoft Excel. Did you get it?	https://www.wps.com/academy/a-quick-way-to-calculate-sum-average-count-max-and-min/1861382/?chan=pc_Activation
Fed.R.Serv.3d 1062, 44 Fed. R. Evid. Serv. 420 Vurla B. BURKS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. The OKLAHOMA PUBLISHING COMPANY and Richard A. Clark, Defendants-Appellees. No. 94-6403. United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit. April 15, 1996. Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma; Lee R. West, Judge. (D.C. No. CIV-93-663-W). Joseph R. Weeks, Oklahoma City University School of Law, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (Jan Preece Gaddis, Duncan, Oklahoma, with him on the briefs), for Plaintiff-Appellant. Nathan L. Whatley (Gary C. Pierson with him on the briefs) of Lytle Soule & Curlee, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, for Defendants-Appellees. Before SEYMOUR, Chief Judge, COFFIN* and McKAY, Circuit Judges. McKAY, Circuit Judge. Plaintiff Vurla Burks brought this action pursuant to the Age Discrimination in Employment Act ("ADEA"), 29 U.S.C. §§ 621-634, and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. §§ 2000e-1 to -17. She alleged that the Defendants, the Oklahoma Publishing Company ("OPUBCO") and Richard Clark, impermissibly discriminated against her by constructively discharging her based on her age and her sex. The jury returned a verdict for the Defendants, and Ms. Burks now appeals. She asserts that the district court made several errors during the course of the proceedings. For the reasons that follow, we affirm in part and reverse and remand in part. Ms. Burks was an OPUBCO employee for twenty-eight years. She spent her last two years of employment as a supervisor in the telecommunications department. Ms. Burks began to feel that her job was in jeopardy when Mr. Clark informed her that he would not authorize $16 for Ms. Burks to have new business cards printed. A few months later, Mr. Clark confronted Ms. Burks with the accusation that she had listened in on the telephone calls of OPUBCO's president. In a meeting with Mr. Clark, Ms. Burks twice asked him whether her services would be needed in the future. According to Ms. Burks, Mr. Clark simply stared at her for twenty to twenty-five seconds, rather than responding to her questions. From this Ms. Burks concluded that she would be fired if she did not resign. Thus, at the age of 61, Ms. Burks resigned from her position with OPUBCO. She then brought this suit alleging that she was constructively discharged on the basis of her age and her sex. Ms. Burks raises four issues on appeal. First, she contends that the district court erred when it refused to give the jury her requested instruction on constructive discharge. In her second and third issues, Ms. Burks argues the district court improperly refused to allow her to add a witness to her witness list and then erred when it would not allow the same witness to testify in rebuttal after the witness violated a sequestration order. Finally, Ms. Burks argues that the district court abused its discretion when it denied her motion to compel discovery.I. Constructive Discharge Jury Instruction Under the ADEA, an employer may not "discharge any individual or otherwise discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual's age." 29 U.S.C. § 623(a)(1). To prove constructive discharge, the employee must show that her "employer by its illegal discriminatory acts has made working conditions so difficult that a reasonable person in the employee's position would feel compelled to resign." Derr v. Gulf Oil Corp., 796 F.2d 340, 344 (10th Cir.1986). We have held that this formulation of the constructive discharge standard also constitutes the "paradigmatic" jury instruction in a constructive discharge case. Mitchell v. Mobil Oil Corp., 896 F.2d 463, 468 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 898, 111 S.Ct. 252, 112 L.Ed.2d 210 (1990). We noted, however, that the trial court should "tailor this instruction to fit the facts of the case." Id. In this case, the district court gave to the jury the paradigmatic instruction we contemplated in Mitchell. Ms. Burks believed, however, that an additional instruction was necessary to address adequately the facts of her case. Specifically, she asked the district court to instruct the jury that "an employee is constructively discharged if the employer's actions reasonably lead the employee to conclude that, if she does not resign, she will be discharged." Appellant's App. at 22. Ms. Burks argues that the district court erred when it failed to give this instruction. We "will find reversible error in a trial court's jury instructions only if we have substantial doubt whether the instructions, taken together, properly guided the jury in its deliberations." Mitchell, 896 F.2d at 468. This court has recognized that an employee can prove a constructive discharge by showing that she was faced with a choice between resigning or being fired. See, e.g., Acrey v. American Sheep Industry Ass'n, 981 F.2d 1569, 1573-74 (10th Cir.1992) (employee told to resign or she would be fired); Spulak v. K Mart Corp., 894 F.2d 1150, 1154 (10th Cir.1990) (employee faced with choice between early retirement or being fired). Thus, a district court could properly give an instruction similar to the one requested by Ms. Burks if the facts of the case warranted it. Ms. Burks argues that she was presented with a choice between being fired and resigning. As proof of this, she offers the fact that Mr. Clark did not respond when she asked about her future with the department. She also offers the fact that Mr. Clark refused to authorize an expenditure for new business cards. We believe, however, that these facts are at best ambiguous as to whether Ms. Burks truly was presented with a choice between resigning or being fired. Thus, we cannot say that we have substantial doubt whether the jury was properly guided in its deliberations as a result of the district court's refusal to give the jury Ms. Burks' requested instruction. We hold that the district court did not err in this regard. II. Amendment to Witness List In its scheduling order, the district court required the parties to submit their final witness lists by March 1, 1994, and to complete discovery by April 1, 1994. Appellant's App. at 1. The trial was originally scheduled to begin sometime in early May. On April 12, 1994, Ms. Burks filed a motion seeking to supplement her witness list. The one-page motion did not identify any witness by name. Appropriately, the district court denied the motion. Then, on April 21, 1994, Ms. Burks filed a more specific motion in which she identified four proposed witnesses. On May 4, 1996, the district court allowed the addition of two of the four, but refused the addition of the other two. Ms. Burks now challenges this refusal with respect to one proposed witness. Ms. Burks argues that this proposed witness, a co-worker, is essential to her case because she is an unbiased witness who can substantiate the intolerable conditions under which Ms. Burks worked. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 16(b) gives district courts wide latitude in entering scheduling orders. Rule 16(b) also provides that such orders shall not be modified "except upon a showing of good cause and by leave of the district judge." Thus, we review a district court's refusal to modify a scheduling order for abuse of discretion. SIL-FLO, Inc. v. SFHC, Inc., 917 F.2d 1507, 1518 (10th Cir.1990). In the context of a decision to exclude a witness not listed in a pretrial order, we consider four factors to determine whether the district court abused its discretion: "(1) the prejudice or surprise in fact of the party against whom the excluded witnesses would have testified, (2) the ability of that party to cure the prejudice, (3) the extent to which waiver of the rule against calling unlisted witnesses would disrupt the orderly and efficient trial of the case or of other cases in court, and (4) bad faith or willfulness in failing to comply with the court's order." Smith v. Ford Motor Co., 626 F.2d 784, 797 (10th Cir.1980) (quoting Meyers v. Pennypack Woods Home Ownership Ass'n, 559 F.2d 894, 904-05 (3d Cir.1977)), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 918, 101 S.Ct. 1363, 67 L.Ed.2d 344 (1981).1 We believe that the first two factors weigh in favor of Ms. Burks. Defendants may have been surprised that Ms. Burks would seek to add a new witness at such a late date, but they could not have been surprised, given the circumstances of the case, that Ms. Burks would want to introduce the corroborating testimony of a co-worker. Additionally, it is unlikely that any prejudice to the Defendants would have occurred because the co-worker's proposed testimony would not have introduced any new issues other than witness credibility. If any surprise or prejudice did occur, Defendants could have cured it easily. The proposed witness was one of Defendants' employees. Thus, they could have interviewed or deposed her without difficulty. The last two factors, however, weigh in favor of Defendants. It appears from the record that the addition of new witnesses at such a late date threatened to delay the trial. Although the trial did not actually begin until the last week of May, it apparently was originally scheduled to begin in early May. See Appellant's App. at 159 no. 69 (district court docket sheet, entry of May 12 continuing trial till May 23). In an April 26 hearing before the district court, defense counsel complained about the addition of new witnesses "eight work days before the trial." Appellees' App. at 237. Although neither party has informed this court when the trial was originally scheduled to begin, it appears that the beginning of the trial was imminent when Ms. Burks identified her new proposed witnesses. In this context it is reasonable to believe that allowing Ms. Burks to add new witnesses to her witness list would have caused a postponement of the trial, despite the witnesses' ready availability. Defense counsel would have wanted to depose or interview any new witness and potentially would have to depose further individuals, as well as rework its trial strategy. Finally, we do not find that plaintiff's counsel acted with bad faith or willfulness, but we do believe that his conduct certainly bordered on it. In the April 26 hearing at which the additional witnesses were discussed, the district court attempted to determine whether these witnesses' testimony would be at all relevant to the case. Plaintiff's counsel refused to give explicit answers in front of defense counsel. Despite the court's warning that it would not add the witnesses if it could not determine their relevance, Ms. Burks's counsel continued to refuse to discuss the matter in open court. Appellees' Supp.App. at 235-36. Additionally, we point out that Ms. Burks has given conflicting reasons for her failure to add witnesses to the witness list in a timely fashion. Initially, Ms. Burks represented to the district court that she did not know of the importance of her new proposed witnesses because discovery had not been completed. Appellant's App. at 3 (Plaintiff's Motion to Supplement Witness and Exhibit Lists). Later, in the district court, and again on appeal, Ms. Burks asserted that the names were not added to the witness list through simple inadvertence. Appellant's App. at 8 (Plaintiff's Motion to Reconsider and Brief in Support); Appellant's Br. at 23. Such inconsistent statements may be taken as evidence that counsel made a conscious decision to act as he did. See SIL-FLO, Inc., 917 F.2d at 1519 (stating that inconsistent statements in counsel's motions may be evidence that inaction was a tactical decision rather than a simple mistake). Although perhaps not willful, we believe that this behavior represents more than simple negligence. In consideration of all the factors discussed above, we hold that the district court did not abuse its discretion in refusing to allow Ms. Burks to add the co-worker to her witness list. III. Disqualification of Rebuttal Witness for Violation of Sequestration Order After the district court's refusal to add the co-worker to the witness list, Ms. Burks decided to take advantage of the fact that rebuttal witnesses do not need to be listed in the pretrial order or the scheduling order. Her plan to present the co-worker as a rebuttal witness went awry, however, when the co-worker violated the district court's sequestration order by entering and remaining in the courtroom for several minutes during another witness's testimony. The district court refused to let the coworker testify as a result of the violation. Ms. Burks claims on appeal that this refusal is reversible error. When a witness violates a sequestration order, it is within the district court's discretion to admit or exclude the witness's testimony. United States v. Buchanan, 787 F.2d 477, 485 (10th Cir.1986). The Supreme Court has stated, however, that the witness generally should not be disqualified: If a witness disobeys the order of withdrawal, while he may be proceeded against for contempt and his testimony is open to comment to the jury by reason of his conduct, he is not thereby disqualified, and the weight of authority is that he cannot be excluded on that ground merely, although the right to exclude under particular circumstances may be supported as within the sound discretion of the trial court. Holder v. United States, 150 U.S. 91, 92, 14 S.Ct. 10, 10, 37 L.Ed. 1010 (1893). Our cases have recognized that "[p]robable prejudice should be shown for such exclusion to occur."2 Id. Here, the co-worker overheard approximately ten minutes of testimony. Even liberally construing the time frame in which the violation occurred, the record reveals that the co-worker did not hear anything related to her proposed testimony. The co-worker was to testify about Ms. Burks's working conditions. While the co-worker was in the courtroom, however, the testimony only concerned another worker's claims against OPUBCO and the circumstances surrounding the other worker's move to Cleveland.3 Thus, no prejudice to Defendants occurred as a result of the co-worker's temporary presence in the courtroom. Furthermore, no evidence exists that Ms. Burks or her counsel knew of, or in bad faith allowed, the co-worker's violation of the sequestration order. We hold that the district court abused its discretion when it prevented the co-worker from testifying.4 Finally, the error was not harmless. Unlike the other witnesses who could describe Ms. Burks's working conditions, this co-worker was not subject to attack for bias because she did not have a lawsuit pending against Defendants. As a result her testimony was potentially very important to Ms. Burks's case. Thus, Ms. Burks is entitled to a new trial. IV. Motion to Compel In her interrogatories, Ms. Burks asked Defendants to identify all persons over forty years of age who were employed as managers or supervisors for the last ten years. She also asked Defendants to identify any employees or applicants who have made age or sex discrimination complaints in the last ten years. Defendants refused to provide this information, objecting that it was overbroad and irrelevant. The district court summarily denied Ms. Burks's motion to compel discovery of this information. We review a district court's discovery orders for an abuse of discretion. Gomez v. Martin Marietta Corp., 50 F.3d 1511, 1520 (10th Cir.1995). "As a general rule, the testimony of other employees about their treatment by the defendant is relevant to the issue of the employer's discriminatory intent." Spulak v. K Mart Corp., 894 F.2d 1150, 1156 (10th Cir.1990). A plaintiff may be allowed "extensive" discovery in order to prove his or her case. See Rich v. Martin Marietta Corp., 522 F.2d 333, 343 (10th Cir.1975). Nevertheless, " 'this desire to allow broad discovery is not without limits and the trial court is given wide discretion in balancing the needs and rights of both plaintiff and defendant.' " Gomez, 50 F.3d at 1520 (citation omitted). Here, Ms. Burks requested information for the past ten years. The district court certainly could conclude that discovery of information this far in the past would be overburdensome and irrelevant. We decline to say that such a request would never be warranted. Rather, we simply hold that the district court did not abuse its discretion in this case. We AFFIRM in part, REVERSE in part, and REMAND for a new trial.	https://m.openjurist.org/81/f3d/975
Pain and IBD Pain is one of the most common symptoms of IBD, commonly reported when one first begins experiencing symptoms (i.e., IBD onset) and when IBD relapses or worsens. Between 50 – 70% of people will report pain during a flare-up. Although pain is closely coupled with inflammation – and pain usually disappears with IBD remission – around 1 in 5 patients in remission will continue to experience pain. Our current understanding of pain in IBD suggests that it is a complex relationship between our thoughts, emotions, and the neural pathways that connect our digestive tract and central nervous system. Our bodies are constantly in a state of motion, and the brain is constantly bombarded with sensory information from the digestive tract. This sensory information is usually routine and benign, and it often takes a significant pain or discomfort for us to take notice. In people with active IBD, however, the neural pathways from the gut to the brain appear at times to become hypersensitive to these sensations. These sensations, which would have otherwise gone unnoticed (i.e., in a healthy person), may be experienced as painful or uncomfortable. This sensitisation of neural pathways is suggested as a potential reason for persistent pain sometimes observed in healthy (remission) IBD patients. Beyond this, research suggests that the brain canalso modulate the sensory information received from the gut. That is, the brain can facilitate or reduce the sensory information from the gut (e.g., contractions, distention, pain) to the brain. The brain can also increase the impact of gut sensations through hypervigilance, or anxiously looking for and attending to signs of gut discomfort. The experience of pain can trigger feelings of anxiety which can, in turn, increase hypervigilance towards gut sensations. What can I do? Pain relief often comes with getting one’s IBD under control. There may be medication options available as well but discuss this with your doctor, as some pain relief medications (e.g., non-steroidal anti-inflammatories [NSAIDs]) can potentially worsen IBD. If your doctor is satisfied that you are in remission, but you are still experiencing pain, consider seeing a mental health professional specialising in gastrointestinal conditions or other chronic pain conditions.	https://ibdclinic.mindovergut.com/pain-and-ibd/
"A lovely role has emerged for a Learning Systems Management Coordinator to join an industry leading organisation that is at an exciting stage in its online learning offerings. The main purpose of the role is to be the primary system administrator and gatekeeper for the Learning Management System (LMS) while providing coordination for the organisation’s learning programs and ensuring the functions and capabilities of the LMS are fully utilised. You will: - Serve as the primary LMS contact monitoring the learning inbox, handling incoming LMS requests and enquiries and providing support to end users. - Set up and support a diverse set of LMS users with varied accessibility, needs and requirements. - Create and update tutorials and resources to train and support learners on how to use the technology for online and professional development - Provide general event and content coordination and support for the learning offering - Upload modules, change system set-up, troubleshoot course functionality, update course content and run reports. - Keep the LMS environment updated with content, refreshed and checked for technical problems. - Manage the relationship with the LMS vendor and nbe the main point of contact for all projects - Administer all events in the LMS – face to face and online. - Manage the qualification syllabus within the LMS, monitoring, managing, tracking and reporting on enrolled students and provide the required reporting from Higher Education Establishments and accrediting organisations. - Populate course information and assign learners. - Assist in the instructional design of courses, quizzes and programs when needed. - Work with instructional designers to troubleshoot and resolve technical issues related to eLearning modules. - Troubleshoot and resolve issues relating to system functionality and software systems. - Manage tools and other software integrated with the LMS. - Create instructional documents for the administration of the LMS. - Write and maintain technical procedures and policy documentation. - Work with wider network experts and external subject matter experts to understand training, compliance and certification needs and build learning paths to meet those needs. - Review and monitor system performance. You will have: - The drive to deliver – demonstrate determination, resourcefulness and purpose to deliver the best result for the organisation and its people - A hands-on approach to work complemented by an exceptional ability to foster strong working relationships. - Excellent written and verbal communication skills with an ability to collaborate with others at all levels. - Ability to collaborate with subject matter experts to create efficient processes. - Able to multitask and prioritise work requirements. - Strong analytical and problem-solving skills. - Knowledge of training design principles and evaluation. - Familiarity with uploading and deploying courses through LMS. - Strong analytical skills with the ability to solve problems. - Working knowledge of e-learning authoring tools such as Storyline Articulate. - Project Management skills and experience. - Strong organisational, communication, conflict resolution and decision-making skills. - Ability to learn new applications and tools quickly. - Strong proficiency with MS Office Suite to include Excel, PowerPoint and Word. - Expertise with audio and video tools. - Basic HTML knowledge would be great!	https://brightmatterresourcing.com/vacancies/learning-management-systems-coordinator
- This paper investigates into the relationship between dependent variables such as intention to quit, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction of information systems personnel and their antecedent variables. A model, based on accepted principles of worker behavior, intended to integrate much of the previous work, is presented. Specific research hypotheses are formulated which, when answered, will provide more insights into IS work. Also we identify any differences in performance variables (that is, dependent variables) between information system personnel and similar occupational group, CPA. The findings reveal little differences between these two groups. - Language - Korean - Files in This Item: - Items in S-Space are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.	http://s-space.snu.ac.kr/handle/10371/52716
Six workshops to enable stakeholders to contribute to the NSS review. Places for these workshops are now fully booked. We are exploring additional stakeholder activities for the NSS review and will communicate these shortly. Please do get in touch with [email protected] if you have any queries. The National Student Survey (NSS) is the largest student feedback survey in the UK. Every full-time undergraduate student is invited to complete the NSS at the end of their course. The UK higher education funders and regulators are currently reviewing the NSS. These workshops will focus on exploring future potential question themes for consideration within the review. Find more about the NSS review. The NSS is currently used: - to inform applicants about the student experience in higher education - to improve the student academic experience at universities and colleges - for public accountability. Your views will inform the development of future question themes, which will support students to make better informed decisions and have their voices heard. Participating in one of these workshops will give you the opportunity to inform important areas of national higher education policy and improve the experience of students. These workshops form a part of the consultation process on changes to the NSS. There will also be further opportunities to engage. Workshop slots Please only sign up to one of the workshops for each topic below. Student information 1300-1500 Monday 17 May 1100-1300 Friday 21 May Academic enhancement 1300-1500 Monday 24 May 1100-1300 Friday 28 May Public accountability 1300-1500 Thursday 10 June 1100-1300 Friday 11 June Who should attend? These workshops are for anyone with an interest in the NSS or higher education, including students and students’ unions. How to registerRegister for the student information workshop Register for the academic enhancement workshop Register for the public accountability workshop Further information For more information, see our review of the NSS. If you have any questions or need any support, please email [email protected].	https://www.officeforstudents.org.uk/news-blog-and-events/events/national-student-survey-review-workshops/
NewsBreak The Ohio Capital Journal is a hard-hitting, independent, nonprofit news organization dedicated to connecting Ohioans to their state government and its impact on their lives. The Capital Journal combines Ohio state government coverage with relentless investigative journalism, deep dives into the consequences of policy, political insight, and principled, progressive commentary. All those cheesy journalism aphorisms about reporters being the eyes and ears of the people in the halls of power? We believe them, deeply. We also deeply believe in sharing the stories of people outside the halls of power, connecting the actions of state leaders to their impacts on Ohioans. The Ohio Capital Journal is part of States Newsroom, a national 501(c)(3) nonprofit supported by grants and a coalition of donors and readers. The Ohio Capital Journal retains editorial independence. YOU MAY ALSO LIKE Martin Luther King Jr. had a much more radical message than a dream of racial brotherhood By Paul Harvey Ohio Capital Journal 4 days ago Martin Luther King Jr. has come to be revered as a hero who led a nonviolent struggle to reform and redeem the United States. His birthday is celebrated as a national holiday. Tributes are paid to him on his death anniversary each April, and his legacy is honored in multiple ways. But from my perspective as a historian of religion and civil rights , the true radicalism of his thought remains underappreciated. The “civil saint” portrayed nowadays was, by the end of his life, a social and economic radical, who argued forcefully for the necessity of economic justice in the pursuit of racial equality. Three particular works from 1957 to 1967 illustrate how King’s political thought evolved from a hopeful reformer to a radical critic. King’s support for white moderates For much of the 1950s, King believed that white southern ministers could provide moral leadership. He thought the white racists of the South could be countered by the ministers who took a stand for equality. At the time, his concern with economic justice was a secondary theme in his addresses and political advocacy. Speaking at Vanderbilt University in 1957 , he professed his belief that “there is in the white South more open-minded moderates than appears on the surface.” He urged them to lead the region through its necessary transition to equal treatment for black citizens. He reassured all that the aim of the movement was not to “defeat or humiliate the white man, but to win his friendship and understanding.” King had hope for this vision. He had worked with white liberals such as Myles Horton , the leader of a center in Tennessee for training labor and civil rights organizers. King had developed friendships and crucial alliances with white supporters in other parts of the country as well. His vision was for the fulfillment of basic American ideals of liberty and equality. Letter from Birmingham Jail By the early 1960s, at the peak of the civil rights movement, King’s views had evolved significantly. In early 1963, King came to Birmingham to lead a campaign for civil rights in a city known for its history of racial violence. During the Birmingham campaign, in April 1963, he issued a masterful public letter explaining the motivations behind his crusade. It stands in striking contrast with his hopeful 1957 sermon. His “ Letter From a Birmingham Jail ” responded to a newspaper advertisement from eight local clergymen urging King to allow the city government to enact gradual changes. In a stark change from his earlier views, King devastatingly targeted white moderates willing to settle for “order” over justice. In an oppressive environment, the avoidance of conflict might appear to be “order,” but in fact supported the denial of basic citizenship rights, he noted. “We merely bring to the surface the hidden tension that is already alive,” King wrote. He argued how oppressors never voluntarily gave up freedom to the oppressed – it always had to be demanded by “extremists for justice.” He wrote how he was “gravely disappointed with the white moderate … who paternalistically believes he can set the timetable for another man’s freedom.” They were, he said, a greater enemy to racial justice than were members of the white supremacist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan and other white racist radicals. Call for economic justice By 1967, King’s philosophy emphasized economic justice as essential to equality. And he made clear connections between American violence abroad in Vietnam and American social inequality at home. Exactly one year before his assassination in Memphis, King stood at one of the best-known pulpits in the nation, at Riverside Church in New York . There, he explained how he had come to connect the struggle for civil rights with the fight for economic justice and the early protests against the Vietnam War. “Now it should be incandescently clear that no one who has any concern for the integrity and life of America today can ignore the present war. If America’s soul becomes totally poisoned, part of the autopsy must read ‘Vietnam.’ It can never be saved so long as it destroys the hopes of men the world over.” He angered crucial allies. King and President Lyndon Johnson, for example, had been allies in achieving significant legislative victories in 1964 and 1965. Johnson’s “Great Society” launched a series of initiatives to address issues of poverty at home. But beginning in 1965, after the Johnson administration increased the number of U.S. troops deployed in Vietnam, King’s vision grew radical. King continued with a searching analysis of what linked poverty and violence both at home and abroad. While he had spoken out before about the effects of colonialism, he now made the connection unmistakably clear. He said: “I speak for those whose land is being laid waste, whose homes are being destroyed, whose culture is being subverted. I speak for the poor in America who are paying the double price of smashed hopes at home, and death and corruption in Vietnam.” King concluded with the famous words on “the fierce urgency of now,” by which he emphasized the immediacy of the connection between economic injustice and racial inequality. The radical King King’s “I Have a Dream,” speech at the March on Washington in August 1963 serves as the touchstone for the annual King holiday. But King’s dream ultimately evolved into a call for a fundamental redistribution of economic power and resources. It’s why he was in Memphis, supporting a strike by garbage workers , when he was assassinated in April 1968. This remembering matters more than ever today. Many states are either passing or considering measures that would make it harder for many Americans to exercise their fundamental right to vote. It would roll back the huge gains in rates of political participation by racial minorities made possible by the Voting Rights Act of 1965. At the same time, there is a persistent wealth gap between blacks and whites. Only sustained government attention can address these issues – the point King was stressing later in his life. King’s philosophy stood not just for “opportunity,” but for positive measures toward economic equality and political power. Ignoring this understanding betrays the “dream” that is ritually invoked each year. Comments / 0 Related For the past 11 years, civil rights historian Vicki Crawford has worked as the director of the Morehouse College Martin Luther King Jr. Collection, where she oversees the archive consisting of iconic sermons, speeches, writings and other materials belonging to King. Few archives of historical papers compare with the importance of the Morehouse King Collection. […] The post Remembering Martin Luther King: 5 things learned curating the MLK Collection at Morehouse College appeared first on Ohio Capital Journal. Jim Jordan is a bad liar. The Ohio congressman can’t pull off deceit like the Dear Leader of the MAGA cult. The diminutive Jordan is wont to stammer, backtrack, draw a blank, deny, admit, or squirm like a trapped weasel. Not a good look for Ohio’s 4th U.S. Congressional District Republican who fancies himself a […] The post Abject sycophant Jim Jordan can’t lie his way out of Jan. 6 role appeared first on Ohio Capital Journal. A crowd rose to its feet in applause at a forum last month when a man questioned GOP Congressman Jim Jordan about what he would do about the untrue assertion that the 2020 presidential election was stolen from Donald Trump. Jordan was speaking at a December event hosted by the Lima Community for Medical Freedom […] The post Election lies get standing ovation at Jim Jordan Q&A appeared first on Ohio Capital Journal. Biden’s visit included a stop at the Martin Luther King Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change, a ceremonial laying of a wreath at the crypt of King and his wife Coretta Scott King, private time with their family and a visit to the historical Ebenezer Baptist Church where King was once senior pastor. Biden also spoke from the Atlanta University Center Consortium, an institute that straddles Clark Atlanta University and Morehouse College, from which King graduated. On a day trip that only had the president on the ground for a few hours, there was an awful lot of MLK. RELATED LOCAL CHANNELS As I sit here this morning on Martin Luther King Jr. Day penning this article, I am reflecting on how this icon of the civil rights movement must surely be rolling over in his grave to see how anxiety, anger, unforgiveness and race hatred are being whipped up ostensibly in support of his cause, on his day. President H. James Williams, Ph.D., shares a profound message in honor of Martin Luther King Jr. Day. My father-in-law, who passed away in 2008, was a great man who loved his family passionately and served this Country diligently—and with distinction—during World War II. In 1963, he rode a bus, the 600 miles from Flint, Michigan to Washington, D.C., to listen to Dr. King share his dream with a Nation. It was a profound experience and memory for him. And he taught his children well… From the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in his "I Have a Dream" speech 59 years ago, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. expressed guarded optimism about the future of racial justice in America. "Even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream," he said.... When you hear the phrase civil disobedience, you may immediately think of Martin Luther King Jr. The nonviolent demonstrations he led against racist policies in the U.S. are remembered as some of the defining events of the Civil Rights Movement. But according to King, his approach to resisting injustice came straight from the playbook of a 19th-century philosopher. RELATED PEOPLE MANISTEE -- The Manistee Area Racial Justice & Diversity Initiative has been working on events in January to honor Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and ways to continue his work for racial and social justice. The group sponsored an essay contest for students grades 3-12. Students were asked to write... EDWARDSVILLE - Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. life’s work helped spark a civil rights movement that changed the fabric of America and lit a flame for all the world to see. Southern Illinois University Edwardsville joins the country on Monday, Jan. 17 in recognizing King on the federal holiday named in his honor. The University will be closed and invites employees to commemorate the day in a manner fitting of promoting justice, unity, peace and love. Years ago, my family visited the Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library in Austin, Texas. Nestled on the campus of the University of Texas, the massive, spare, ten-story block of stately travertine is undoubtedly imposing. And simply knowing that this library holds forty-five-million documents of the former president and one time “Master of the Senate” is daunting for anyone planning on spending a few leisurely vacation hours sniffing around. Had he lived, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. would have commemorated his 93nd birthday this weekend. What would he say about our world of today?. New Hampshire adopted Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Day over 20 years ago, when we won the race to be last and joined the rest of the 49 states of our nation, and much of the world, in setting aside a time to learn more about the "colorblind" society of which he spoke in his "I Have A Dream" speech. IN THIS ARTICLE Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. knew that gaining equality before the law was only a first step to ending white supremacy; equity in economic opportunity was more critical and challenging. “The prohibition of barbaric behavior, while beneficial to the victim, does not constitute the attainment of equality or freedom,” he... WICHITA, Kan. (KWCH) - On Monday, people across the nation will remember the dream of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. We’ve compiled a list of events taking place in Kansas for you to commemorate the life and legacy of the late civil rights leader. Friday, Jan. 15 -10 a.m.... On this Martin Luther King, Jr. day, we’ve compiled an assortment of multimedia tributes — music, visual arts, poetry, and dance — to the monumental Civil Rights leader. Montgomery composed this work as a depiction of “the notion of a voice that struggles to be heard beyond the shackles of oppression,” the composer shares. The work’s title is taken from a phrase in the “I Have A Dream” speech, calling on his supporters to meet the oppressors’ “physical force with soul force.” You might see a lot of Martin Luther King Jr. quotes floating along your social media timelines today. Quite fitting, seeing as how today is MLK Day. Last year I got into some verbal fisticuffs with social media friends who put up random MLK quotes because I knew for a fact that they lived their daily lives in direct opposition to the principles of Dr. King's messages. I asked them if they truly understood what Dr. King preached in his sermons and speeches, did they actually GET it? YOU MAY ALSO LIKE Enemies of Martin Luther King Jr. fixated on his color. They almost always ignored how thick his skin was. King became a national figure at 26, the most charismatic and outspoken opponent of segregation in one of America’s more dangerous eras. A Baptist minister, he moved from his pulpit... Martin Luther King, Jr. grew up listening to and singing church songs, and saw gospel and folk music as natural tools to further the civil rights movement. In this hour-long special from WNYC, host Terrance McKnight interweaves musical examples with Dr. King's own speeches and sermons to illustrate the powerful place that music held in his work--and examines how the musical community responded to and participated in Dr. King's cause. Bucks County marks Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Jan. 17, with events and service opportunities. As was the case last year, the pandemic is modifying the ability to celebrate Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Day in Bucks County. But neither ongoing health concerns nor projected cold temperatures will dim the opportunity for residents to engage — in person or virtually — in the Day of Service dedicated to the civil rights icon. Victoria W. Wolcott is a professor of history at the University at Buffalo and author of three books: "Remaking Respectability: African-American Women in Interwar Detroit," "Race, Riots, and Roller Coasters: The Struggle Over Segregated Recreation in America" and the forthcoming "Living in the Future: Utopianism and the Long Civil Rights Movement." The Ohio Capital Journal is a hard-hitting, independent, nonprofit news organization dedicated to connecting Ohioans to their state government and its impact on their lives. The Capital Journal combines Ohio state government coverage with relentless investigative journalism, deep dives into the consequences of policy, political insight, and principled, progressive commentary. All those cheesy journalism aphorisms about reporters being the eyes and ears of the people in the halls of power? We believe them, deeply. We also deeply believe in sharing the stories of people outside the halls of power, connecting the actions of state leaders to their impacts on Ohioans. The Ohio Capital Journal is part of States Newsroom, a national 501(c)(3) nonprofit supported by grants and a coalition of donors and readers. The Ohio Capital Journal retains editorial independence.
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Saturday, 15 December 2018 I am a climate-energy economist open to incorporating in my analysis and policy prescriptions lessons from other disciplines, in this case political science and social psychology. This is why almost 20 years ago I started studying and writing about 'market-oriented regulations’, which I now refer to as 'flex-regs.' It is also why, 14 years ago, I proposed a ‘carbon management standard’ in my book, Sustainable Fossil Fuels. And it is why I have explained for over a decade to sincere politicians and their advisors how to integrate political acceptability as a policy evaluation criterion alongside cost-effectiveness. Sadly, whenever sincere politicians get interested in climate policy, voices like mine can get drowned out by suggestions from people who have never been interested in the empirical research, especially on the challenges of carbon pricing in first-past-the-post electoral systems where victory often depends on a tiny percentage of voters in a few swing suburban ridings. Also, these people seem to naively assume that this small percentage of voters are willing to invest the necessary time and smarts to carefully assess the verity of misinformation campaigns claiming that carbon pricing is highly punitive and economically disastrous. Is it any surprise that many in the fossil fuel industry are keen to propose carbon pricing for all emissions of domestic consumers, but only a tiny percentage of their emissions?Much more to come in a book I have written but not yet published. I am a climate-energy economist. Most of us tell politicians: “You must price carbon to succeed against climate change.” Later, after an election, we say, “You opposed carbon pricing and won. That’s bad policy.” Or, we say, “You promised carbon pricing and were defeated. You would have won had I designed and explained it. My students say I’d have been a great politician.” Fiction? Think again. This has been the economists’ narrative for decades as politicians wrestle with the unforgiving task of decarbonization. But guess what? Carbon pricing is not essential to stop burning coal and gasoline. We economists only say it is because we prefer it. If we were honest, we would explain that decarbonization can be achieved entirely with regulations. These will cost more, but not a great deal more if policy-makers use flexible regulations, or “flex-regs,” that allow companies and individuals to determine their cheapest way to decarbonize. Thus, policy-makers can require the phase-out of coal plants while allowing competing electricity generators to determine the cheapest mix of low-emission wind, solar, hydro, geothermal, nuclear, wood, biomethane and natural gas. Likewise, policy-makers can require the phase-out of gasoline vehicles while allowing manufacturers and consumers to determine the contributions of electric, biofuel and hydrogen vehicles. We economists should also explain that while carbon pricing gets all the media attention, flex-regs quietly do the heavy lifting. A decade ago, I helped design British Columbia’s mix of a carbon tax and flex-regs. One flex-reg caused BC Hydro to cancel intended coal and natural gas plants and instead develop low-carbon options from competitive bids. This flex-reg is three times more effective than B.C.’s carbon tax, and it faced no opposition. Last week, the B.C. government copied Quebec in implementing a zero-emission vehicle standard, a flex-reg to eliminate the purchase of gasoline vehicles by 2040. The California Air Resources Board acknowledges that California’s carbon-pricing policy, which Quebec shares and Ontario did briefly, accounts for only 15 per cent of recent and projected emission reductions in California. Again, the key policies are flex-regs, namely electricity’s renewable portfolio standard and transportation’s low carbon-fuel standard and zero-emission vehicle standard. Pollsters say Alberta Premier Rachel Notley’s carbon tax contributes significantly to her dim re-election prospects. Ironically, my research team finds the new tax will cause no more than 5 per cent of her climate plan’s projected reductions. The heavy lifting is from her coal-plant phase-out, methane regulations, a pre-existing flex-reg on large industries, and a cap on oil sands emissions. I’ll bet she wishes an economist had told her she didn’t need the tax, and that it does almost nothing anyway. According to analysis by my research team, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s court-challenged carbon tax contributes 15 per cent of his climate plan’s reductions. He can easily replace it by tightening the stringency of his planned clean fuel standard, a flex-reg that applies to the same fuels as the carbon price. I’ll bet he wishes an economist had told him that, as I tried to in an article in Policy Options magazine shortly after his election. But if carbon pricing is doing little to decarbonize the economy, why does it get all the attention? The reason is obvious to political scientists. Surveys have long shown that taxes are a toxic issue for some voters. Unless it is an obvious tax cut, any other tax change for societal benefit can easily be framed by opponents as economically harmful. A politician proposing carbon pricing presents an irresistible target, especially if political opponents only need to swing 5 per cent of voters in key suburban ridings for electoral success. Even if most voters support carbon pricing, this doesn’t matter in our first-past-the-post electoral system. What matters is small success with misinformation campaigns claiming that carbon taxes hurt middle-class suburbanites and rural residents. Some will believe it, and even if government returns carbon-tax revenue as tax cuts or dividend payments, some of these voters will still accept the untruths that carbon pricing is personally punitive. Thus, a carbon tax puts a bulls-eye on a politician’s back, making it easier for opponents to promise to axe the tax and replace it with ineffective policies they untruthfully claim will cause decarbonization. They might even hint at regulations, without giving a timeline. In 2008, then-Liberal leader Stéphane Dion asked to meet with me to discuss his plan to campaign on a carbon tax. I told him this was good policy, but bad politics, and that it would cost him the election. He did it anyway. Sure enough, Stephen Harper focused his campaign on “job-killing carbon taxes.” Mr. Harper’s victory ensured a lost decade of faking-it climate policies. This time last year, I gave talks in France at the invitation of some academics trying to warn President Emmanuel Macron’s advisers that relying on carbon taxes would be a political disaster, stalling rather than advancing decarbonization. Unfortunately, their warning went unheeded, and now the violent gilets jaune protests in Paris have forced Mr. Macron to backpedal on the plan. As long as we economists tell politicians they must price carbon, instead of admitting that flex-regs and other mechanisms can do it all, humanity will continue to flounder in the face of the decarbonization challenge. Sincere politicians cannot use carbon pricing as their lead policy. Even modest pricing efforts can help elect insincere politicians. But fortunately, we don’t need to price carbon. When allocating blame for humanity’s inaction on climate, it’s time for us economists to look in the mirror – instead of convincing our students what great politicians we would have been. Monday, 30 April 2018 The federal government (Environment and Climate Change Canada - ECCC) released on April 30, 2018 its estimate of the incremental effect of its carbon pricing initiative relative to other policies in achieving Canada’s GHG reductions – Estimated Results of the Federal Carbon Pollution Pricing System. They estimate annual reductions in 2022 of 80-90 mega-tonnes (MT) of CO2. Their numbers are dramatically higher than estimates by my research team. Why? The approach we took to estimate the incremental effect of federal emissions pricing At about the time the Trudeau government announced that emissions pricing would be “central” to achieving its GHG reduction targets, it also announced specific regulatory policies, including nation-wide adoption of Alberta’s coal plant phase-out and methane regulations, tightening of vehicle regulations, and (a bit later) a clean fuel standard, which is similar to BC’s low carbon fuel standard but applied to all sectors not just transport. To assess the incremental effect of the federal carbon pricing policy, we created a reference scenario which included everything that should happen absent the federal pricing initiative. Thus, our reference scenario included all carbon pricing and regulatory policies of the provinces and simulated their effect on emissions between 2018 and 2030. BC and Alberta had both committed to $30 /tCO2 for carbon pricing while Ontario and Quebec had committed to a price that climbs toward $20 and surpasses that threshold well before 2030. All four provinces had existing and announced regulations, such as Alberta’s announced cap on oil sands emissions, methane regulations, and coal-plant phase-out by 2030, and BC’s clean electricity standard and low carbon fuel standard. We included regulations by other provinces too, such as the electricity decarbonization policy in Nova Scotia. To these we added the existing and announced federal regulations. We sustained all of these provincial and federal policies through to 2030, which gave us a forecast of the evolution of Canadian emissions if Trudeau’s government had avoided carbon pricing as a policy and instead relied on existing provincial policies (pricing and regulation) and its own announced regulations. This reference scenario (without the federal pricing initiative) sees Canadian emissions fall approximately 6% from their 2005 level. To this reference scenario, developed in early 2016, we later added the federal carbon pricing policy, which reaches $50 /tCO2 by 2022. We assumed, in the absence of a schedule beyond 2022, that the carbon price would remain constant after that. Not surprisingly, the incremental effect of the federal carbon pricing policy is very small by 2030 and even smaller by 2022. I’m getting my research associate to dig out the exact numbers for these two dates. (She now does modeling for the International Energy Agency in Paris and is awfully busy!). But my eyeball guess looking at our graphs is that the incremental effect of the federal carbon pricing policy is to reduce emissions 1-2% from their 2005 level, a reduction of 10-15 MT in 2030. That number should be smaller in 2022, far below the claim of 80-90 MT in the latest ECCC report. The federal approach to estimate 80-90 MT of reductions from pricing by 2022. In reading the report, I see two possible causes for the discrepancy between our estimate of a low incremental contribution from the federal carbon pricing initiative and the high estimate in this latest federal report. The first cause is that the federal government estimate takes credit for all pre-existing carbon pricing initiatives of the provinces. The second cause, more speculative on my part, is that they may not have done proper incremental policy modeling, meaning that the federal carbon pricing got recognition for emission reductions that should be attributed to non-pricing policies. Page 3 of the report helps explain the first cause of the discrepancy. The estimated 80-90 MT attributed to federal carbon pricing is based on the assumption that there never have been provincial emissions pricing policies in Alberta, BC, Ontario and Quebec. The carbon pricing policy is “compared to a hypothetical scenario in which they [provincial governments] did not have pricing systems in place.” (p.3) In other words, the reference scenario for estimating the federal carbon pricing initiative is a hypothetical world in which there is no carbon pricing anywhere in Canada. Which of course is not true. This is clearly not an accurate way to represent the incremental effect of the carbon pricing initiative of the federal government. While it makes a lot of sense to have better federal coordination and consistency of climate policies across the country, and the federal backstop carbon price does that, it is nonetheless grossly misleading to suggest that current provincial pricing can be attributable to federal policy any more than that the phase-out of coal plants in Ontario in 2004-2014, the policy-driven cancellation of coal plants in BC in 2007, and Alberta’s announced phase-out of coal plants in 2015, can be attributed to the federal coal plant policy announced in 2016. While this is likely to be the dominant cause of the discrepancy in our estimates, I also could not find an explanation in the report of the method the federal policy modelers used to estimate the incremental effect of the federal carbon pricing initiative and federal regulations. As I noted above, this entails first simulating all of the provincial and federal non-carbon pricing policies and the provincial pricing policies to 2022 and 2030. And then to run a second simulation with only the addition of the federal carbon pricing initiative. The change in emissions between these two simulations indicates the incremental contribution of that policy. This contribution of the federal carbon pricing policy will be very small, as we found with our modeling research. But you actually don’t need a model to see what is obvious by surveying the portfolio of provincial and federal regulatory policies, past and present. Take-Away In 2016 I and two research associates produced a report entitledIs Win-Win Possible? Can Canada’s Government Achieve Its Paris Commitment . . . and Get Re-Elected?In which we explained that a rapidly rising carbon emissions price was needed to achieve the Paris commitment. We noted that while all climate policies are politically difficult, there is considerable evidence from real-world GHG policy experience and political science surveys to suggest that carbon pricing is far more politically challenging than some regulatory policies. We also noted that flexible regulations can be designed to approach carbon pricing in economic efficiency, if designed with that purpose in mind. Some economists, including some at Canada’s carbon pricing advocacy entity, the Ecofiscal Commission, dismissed our assessment. They presented studies constructed to show a deliberately big economic efficiency gap between regulations and carbon pricing, instead of testing the likely long-run cost of using flexible regulations like the low carbon fuel standard over several decades to decarbonize transport. And they dismissed as naïve any research showing the visceral antagonism to pricing policies by significant segments of the population – and therefore the risks to politicians of relying on such policies. None seemed willing to even discuss the importance of comparing GHG policies using a criterion such as political cost per tonne reduced in order to compare this to economic cost per tonne reduced. This is unfortunate, because research by ourselves and others shows that carbon pricing has an enormous political cost per tonne in comparison to flexible regulations. This helps explain why many of these flexible regulations have played a much bigger role in GHG emission reductions thus far in Canada, California and Europe, including Scandinavia where there has been some form of carbon pricing for years. A decade ago, Canada had a federal election dominated by the issue of carbon pricing. Voter rejection of carbon pricing enabled Stephen Harper to defeat Stephan Dion and win power for a decade, a decade in which he deliberately stalled on implementing effective GHG reducing policies. That was not an economically efficient outcome. Because carbon pricing advocates have convinced the Trudeau government to take a large political risk for only a small incremental GHG reduction, history may soon repeat. Studies that are distorted to show an artificially large reduction from the federal pricing initiative are not going to save the day. Trudeau may win re-election and sustain the federal carbon pricing. But if so, this will occur in spite of carbon pricing, not because of it. One must ask if the risk is worth it, especially when the impacts of coal-plant phase out, methane regulations, and a clean fuel standard (that fairly efficiently decarbonizes transport) dominate our GHG reductions and yet are much less difficult politically – as polling continuously shows. Ironically, our incremental modeling of various GHG reduction policies in Alberta shows a similar outcome. We estimate the incremental effect of Alberta’s carbon pricing policy (at its stringency level of $30 and different application in various economic sectors) is less than 5% of the GHG reductions caused by the other regulatory policies (excluding subsidy policies) in its Climate Leadership Plan. The vast majority of reductions are caused, again, by the coal plant phase-out, the methane regulation, the oil sands emissions cap (which varies depending on forecasts of future oil sands output), and various efficiency regulations. Yet some polls suggest that while the Notley government’s popularity is little affected by its introduction of regulations (most Albertans support coal plant phase-out), it has been greatly affected by the strong and ongoing opposition to her carbon tax. Tuesday, 11 October 2016 Here is my response to fellow economists who seem unwilling to take into account this trade-off when giving climate policy advice. It appeared in Policy Options on October 11, 2016. The text is also given below:Last week, the House of Commons endorsed the Paris climate agreement, under which Canada commits to reduce greenhouse gases by 30 percent below 2005 levels by 2030. Simultaneously, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau abandoned hope that each province would voluntarily implement policies to achieve the national target. He said the federal government would, if necessary, impose a national charge of $10 per tonne of carbon dioxide in 2018, rising to $50 by 2022. After a year of niceties, realpolitikhas arrived.It is encouraging that Canadian governments increasingly acknowledge that effective climate policy requires a carbon price or equivalent regulations to reduce our use of coal, oil and natural gas. But this does not make the task easier. In September, I and my co-researchers Tiffany Vass and Mikela Hein released a report in which we estimate that Canada’s carbon price must reach $200 by 2030, if it is to be the dominant policy for achieving the Paris target. (This week we analyzed Trudeau’s proposed carbon price. If the price remained at $50 from 2022 to 2030, emissions would fall 12 percent. If it rose to $100 by 2030, they would fall by 17 percent.) Relying entirely on emissions-pricing to reach our targets is a tough sell, because a $200 carbon price would increase the price of gasoline 45 cents per litre in just over a decade. Many people won’t grasp that as they switch to already-available electric, plug-in hybrid and biofuel vehicles, they will not be paying the high carbon price. And while economic impacts can be minimized if the government returns carbon revenues through income tax cuts, many people won’t see the correlation. Hence the political challenge.This explains why, in our September report, we suggested that economists could help real-world climate policy implementation if they analyzed the costs of other policies that have successfully reduced emissions, especially the flexible regulations that have been dominant in activist jurisdictions like California. But in a recent article, members of Canada’s Ecofiscal Commission Don Drummond, Nancy Olewiler and Chris Ragan rejected our proposal.First, they claimed that I and my colleagues don’t see the higher costs associated with carbon emissions regulations “as much of a problem.” This misrepresents our challenge to economists to estimate how flexible regulations like clean electricity standards, low carbon fuel standards and vehicle emission standards — compared with carbon pricing — will hurt the economy. If the economic penalty is small, flexible regulations should be considered where they have a much higher chance of being politically acceptable. Former Liberal leader Stéphane Dion’s failed electoral bid, which was based on a carbon tax, ensured a decade of climate inaction by former prime minister Stephen Harper. If we agree that a continued failure to act on climate will have a large cost, then not incorporating political acceptability into the policy calculus is penny wise and pound foolish.Second, they argued that carbon pricing is now politically acceptable. But academic surveys and real-world evidence show the opposite. Carbon prices are everywhere still at such low levels that their effect in places like California, British Columbia, Quebec, and Ontario is negligible relative to regulatory actions that have also been introduced in those jurisdictions. Flexible regulations are projected to account for 90 percent of California’s reductions between 2005 and 2025.Third, they argued that everyone can see the benefits of using carbon revenues to lower income taxes. Stating unequivocally, and without evidence, that “nobody should believe the claims of political infeasibility,” they explain that whenever the public complains that carbon taxes are too high, an easy solution is to explain that income taxes will go down.Maybe this works with the students in their economics classes, but it certainly didn’t work for Stéphane Dion, and nor did it work for former BC premier Gordon Campbell, whose supposedly revenue-neutral carbon tax is the poster child for emissions-pricing. Government, climate activists, business leaders, and academics like Nancy Olewiler and myself made this case for revenue neutrality via income tax cuts repeatedly in the 2008-09 BC climate debate, to no effect. During the opposition’s “axe the tax” campaign, Campbell’s government dropped 20 points in the polls and would have lost the 2009 election, but it was saved by the bell when the global recession and resulting collapse in oil prices shifted voter concerns from gasoline to jobs. In a recent survey on the public’s relative views on climate policies in BC, I and co-researchers Katya Rhodes and Jonn Axsen found that strong opposition to the carbon tax was 7 to 10 times greater than strong opposition to flexible regulations.We repeat our appeal that economists learn from other social sciences. Effective climate policies are politically difficult. Being unwilling to consider trade-offs that are at the margin between purist economic efficiency and political acceptability is to risk continuing along the path of climate inaction, which itself is economically inefficient. Tuesday, 20 September 2016 For the past 6 months, I and co-researchers Mikela Hein and Tiffany Vass have been developing our national energy-economy model (CIMS) to simulate climate policy scenarios that explore the effect of current Canadian policies, and contrast this with (1) the must-price-emissions approach that some are advocating, and (2) an alternative approach that emphasizes a significant role for flexible regulations, similar to what California is doing with regulations on electricity, vehicles, fuels, etc. Available on this link, our report is called “Is Win-Win Possible? Can Canada’s Government Achieve Its Paris Commitment . . . and Get Re-elected?" If policy advisors and policy makers are to learn anything from the past 30 years of ineffective climate policies, they would hopefully see that climate policy is very difficult politically and emissions pricing is especially difficult. Canada intends to achieve its Paris commitment. To do so by emphasizing emissions pricing would require a price that climbs by about $15 per year to reach $200 per tonne of CO2 by 2030. It is highly unlikely that federal or provincial politicians will pursue this approach. Fortunately, they don’t have to. As noted, California is especially relying on flexible regulations. Such an approach is likely to be less economically efficient than emissions pricing. But researchers can help policy makers by estimating the magnitude of the economic efficiency trade-off for political acceptance. Our report attempts to start that process. Monday, 22 August 2016 In 30 years of evaluating government climate plans, I have learned to classify them into three categories: somewhat effective, naively ineffective and cynically ineffective. BC’s new climate plan fits perfectly into one of these categories. Can you guess which? Let me help. The thing about ‘effective’ climate policy is that it is never a political winner. Effective policies would start immediately to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by either pricing these or regulating fuels and technologies. The price can be achieved by a carbon tax, as in BC and Alberta, or an emissions cap with tradable permits, as in Ontario and Quebec. Alternatively, regulations, which dominate in California, would require a growing market share for zero-emission vehicles, furnaces, electricity generation, and industrial equipment. In every case, the stringency of these effective policies must be increasing – a rising carbon tax, a falling emissions cap, tightening regulations. Everything else is bogus. Politicians know that effective climate policy is not a political winner because these effective policies cause gasoline prices to rise immediately, while the benefits from slowing climate change and sea level rise occur after the politician’s career is over. Only a politician willing to show ethical leadership would take effective action on this difficult global challenge. Politicians who are not leaders but seem to care would gravitate to ineffective policies. Politicians who are cynical and don’t care would deliberately fake it, implementing a long list of ineffective policies, engaging in endless ‘public consultation’ and dismantling the effective policies implemented by previous climate leaders. Which brings us to BC Premier Christy Clark and her new climate plan. From 2007 to 2011, her predecessor, Gordon Campbell, led the world in implementing effective climate policies, out-muscling even Arnold Schwarzenegger’s efforts in California. He banned the use of coal and natural gas to generate electricity. He implemented a rising carbon tax. He established the legislative framework for an emissions cap, and for tightening regulations on fuels, vehicles, buildings and equipment. He not only set a climate target for 2020, but also interim targets for 2012 and 2016 to enable real-time monitoring of the effectiveness of his efforts. But when Clark replaced Campbell in 2011, one of her first acts was to freeze the tax at its 2012 level. Because of inflation, this means the tax has been declining in real value for the last four years. She also undermined his zero-emission electricity requirement and his emissions-cap legislation, and she has done nothing to tighten any of his other regulations. At the same time, she has vigorously promoted expansion of the natural gas industry which, if successful, would dramatically increase emissions. And last year, she launched yet another public consultation. In refusing to serve on her consultative panel, I pointed out that this was the last thing BC needed, and that anyone joining the panel was legitimizing a strategy of inaction. In BC, we already had effective policies, and Clark would know from her advisors that only by increasing their stringency would emissions fall. But endless public consultation is a convenient way of appearing to care without taking action. And the panel did not help by naively calling for an increase in the carbon tax. This played directly into Clark’s populist posture as defender of overtaxed car and truck drivers, and was unnecessary, as California’s smart regulations have proven. Last week, Clark finally released her climate policy. Predictably, it perfectly fits the ‘cynically ineffective’ category. First, there is no immediate tightening of the stringency of any effective policies to achieve emissions targets in, say, 2020 and 2025. Second, consistent with the cynical category, the plan includes a list of innocuous policies that are known to be ineffective – subsidies to industry to electrify some processes, information programs for consumers, and statements about the government’s good intentions. And taking cynicism to a new level, the plan’s so-called emissions reductions are dominated by tree planting on lands that are already allocated to forestry, an action that does not decrease emissions in the long run. If there were an Olympic event for political cynicism on the climate challenge, BC’s new climate plan would be a strong contender for the gold medal. Monday, 14 March 2016 Here is the link to an article by John Geddes "Building a consensus on climate change? Not so easy, after all", Ottawa bureau chief at Maclean’s, who does a good job of distilling my point that while carbon pricing is the most economically efficient GHG reduction policy, it is willful blindness to assume that economic efficiency is the only criterion when trying to implement climate policy. If regulations are more politically acceptable, especially for doing the heavy lifting, then put some intelligence (even economic intelligence) into designing market-oriented regulations that are relatively economically efficient. One might notice by the way, that in the first two weeks of March Trudeau failed to get provinces to agree to even a small carbon price (that would have virtually no effect on emissions - such as $15 or $30 per tonne of CO2)) and then went to Washington and quickly signed an agreement with Obama to dramatically reduce methane emissions from the oil and gas industry. No mention of emissions pricing. It will be regulation."
This disclosure relates generally to modifications of materials that can carry codes, and more specifically to codes that can be written and read using optical devices. Modern laboratories rely on laboratory information management systems (LIMS) for efficient and robust operation. The functions and features of LIMS can vary from lab to lab depending upon the type of work done by the lab. For example, a diagnostic lab that handles human samples will have regulatory requirements that are stricter than those for a research lab that handles non-human sample, and accordingly the LIMS for the diagnostic lab will have compliance features built in that are not necessary for the research lab. However, generally speaking LIMS provides workflow protocols, sample tracking, data tracking and in some cases management of personnel and enterprise resource planning. The expense of LIMS increases with the complexity of the hardware used for tracking. For example, many labs will use identifiers, such as barcodes or radio frequency identification (RFID), to track samples. The identifiers can be costly as can be the devices used to detect the identifiers. Furthermore, since the identifiers are generally an extrinsic object, difficulties and costs can arise from affixing the identifiers to samples in a way that is robust (i.e. permanent through the course of the workflow), convenient to detect (i.e. on a face of a sample vessel that is easily accessible to a laboratory technician) and innocuous to the sample. For example, a barcode sticker or RFID device that comes off of a sample during handling or that blocks detection of the sample itself can be disruptive to laboratory operation and can lead to incorrect results or diagnosis. Thus, there exists a need for cost effective identifiers that are compatible with vessels used to move samples through a laboratory workflow. The present disclosure addresses this need and provides other advantages as well.
Welcome to the 2017-2018 School Year. We look forward to an exciting year of learning with your child and family! As we prepare to distribute school-issued personal learning devices to our students, please take a moment to review the following important information about safety, security and care of your child’s device. A copy of the 2017-2018 COPPA (Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act) notification and consent form (for parents/guardians of students ages 13 and under) is included with this packet. Please review the information carefully, sign and return the consent form to your child’s school office as soon as possible. The Central York School District Board of School Directors has an Acceptable Use Policy (Policy 815) that governs the rights and responsibilities of ALL students with regard to use of District-issued devices and technology. This policy may be viewed online on the District website, www.cysd.k12.pa.us. Click on “School Board” and “Policies and Procedures” to review. Insurance for your child’s school-issued device may be purchased through the District at a low-annual cost that ensures your child’s device will be covered in the event of damage, theft or loss. This insurance is optional. To learn more about our Device Protection Plans and to purchase coverage for your child’s device, please visit the following website: https://dpp.centralyork.org/ Please note, you will need your Skyward Family Access Center User Name and Password to log-in and make purchases. Please note – parents/guardians of students in Grades K-3 will receive additional information about the use of devices in the near future, and will have opportunities to learn more at our upcoming K-3 Back-to-School Nights. Although devices will not be issued to K-3 students at this time, insurance can be purchased now using the link included above. If you have any questions or concerns about this information, or any issue related to how our students are learning with technology, please contact me or your child’s building principal for assistance.	http://www.cysd.k12.pa.us/our_district/one__world_learning_with_technology/forms___documents
Here are just a few of the many teachers offering Saxophone lessons in Sadsburyville . Whether you are looking for beginner guitar lessons for your kids, or are an adult wanting to improve your skills, the instructors in our network are ready to help you now! Instruments: Saxophone Clarinet I'm a clarinet instructor who is excited to share his passion with his students. In 2014, I graduated from University of Southern Maine, where I studied clarinet with Tom Parchman, with a degree in Music Education. In 2017, I graduated from University fo Delaware with a dual Master of Music degree in Clarinet Performance and Composition, where I studied clarinet with Chris Nichols. At University of Delaware, I got to perform in Taiwan, as well as the Washington, D.C. area on tours with the Wind Ensemble and Symphony Orchestra. Read More Instruments: Piano Trumpet Trombone Saxophone Flute Clarinet Euphonium French Horn Tuba Music I like to set goals for my students. I generally work out of lessons books, solo repertoire, and whatever else the student brings in. If the students have music from classes in school, I will also assist them with that. I try to keep the lesson light, and enjoyable! I consider myself very personable with students and I am very comfortable teaching a variety of students. Parents are welcome to sit in if they choose. Read More Instruments: Piano Guitar Voice Saxophone It depends on the student. Every student has their own pace and I believe in developing a student where they are at. Music is a lifetime to learn and concepts are different for every student. I am very patient when teaching and I will challenge when I feel the student is ready for a certain challenge. Growth is very important to me because it tells me I am doing the job correctly if I can give a student more advanced level material and they are able to perform it properly. Read More Instruments: Piano Saxophone Clarinet Keyboard At the begining of a lesson I encourage to start by listening and running through the scales and pieces that we last worked on. Make sure they are all well learnt. Before moving on to more scales and next pieces in the selected order at the beginning of class. Aurals are a great way for me to play to my student as they learn more about the selected piece, learn rhythm and also interpreting their selected pieces. Read More Instruments: Piano Saxophone Flute Clarinet A typical lesson will include Warm ups (for breath and tone development) Technical exercises (scales, etc.) Etudes (changes weekly) Solo repertoire (long-term study) Read More Instruments: Saxophone Flute Clarinet Oboe Bassoon Woodwind methods generally on saxophone clarinet flute beginners I will start with the rubank method supplemented by I will personally right in also using current popular tunes to supplement and hold interest I also try to concentrate On good tone production as well as technique On introducing swing jazz type performance are usually use the Charles Colin Bugs bower rhythm method series consisting of jazz phrasing books one and two and later if the student has advanced enough to the bugs power bop duet series also using pre-recorded tracks from the Jaime Aebersold series and various background tracks we Can download and use to practice pop and jazz Read More Instruments: Piano Saxophone Flute Clarinet I first began teaching while still completing my Bachelors degree at William Paterson in 2011. Most of my students were beginning level piano students, but I had a few more advanced students as well as some people studying saxophone with me. My teaching philosophy is to combine teaching the technique of an instrument with learning songs as well as theory and improvisation/composition. Everyone learns technique, but learning music that I wanted to learn, learning how those songs were written (theory), and eventually elaborating on those songs (improvisation), and writing my own music (composition), was what really got me deeply engaged in the act of practicing and making music, and I have found over several years of teaching that it keeps my students engaged and enjoying the learning process. Read More 22 Years Since We Started 41,456+ Happy Customers 10,769 Cities with Students 3,123 Teachers in Network Trusted as the industry leader, for over 21 years the teachers in our network have been providing Saxophone lessons in Sadsburyville to students of all ages and abilities. We'll then reach out to the teachers for you. Schedule the risk-free trial lesson directly with the teacher. Continue with that teacher or try someone else.	https://www.musikalessons.com/saxophone-lessons-sadsburyville-pa
What is the JCPR Program? The Secretary of the Department of Communities and Justice (DCJ),the Commissioner of the NSW Police Force (NSWPF) and the Secretary of NSW Health (Health) have agreed to foster cooperation between the three agencies and provide the best outcomes for children, young people, their families, carers and the community via the Joint Child Protection Response (JCPR) Program. Joint cooperation links the risk assessment and protective interventions of DCJ with the criminal investigation conducted by Police. NSW Department of Health provides medical examination, counselling and therapeutic services to children or young people and their non-offending parents or carers, when required. By working together, JCPR staff from DCJ, Police and Health provide a more comprehensive response to reports of serious child abuse which may constitute a criminal offence. Effective joint communication and planning between agencies aim to provide the best outcome for children, young people and their families.There will be times when JCPR Program staff will need to assess and investigate a report about a child that is being case managed by an NGO. This will require NGOs and JCPR Units to work collaboratively to provide the best opportunity for optimum outcomes for children and young people. This collaboration requires a clear understanding of roles, responsibilities and processes. Following an independent review by the NSW Ombudsman’s Office in August 2017, the Joint Investigation Response Team (JIRT) program underwent a program name change to Joint Child Protection Response (JCPR) program. Why is the JCPR Program important? The response a child or young person receives following a disclosure of abuse can be critical to their ongoing wellbeing and in ensuring their future safety and the safety of other children and young people. The relationship between your organisation and the JCPR Program is instrumental to the wellbeing of children and young people, including those who may be identified as the alleged offender/person of interest (POI). JCPR Staff requires NGO caseworkers and carers to ensure JCPR has timely and unencumbered access to any child or young person involved in their investigation. The timing of police interviews can often be pivotal to the progress and integrity of an investigation and once a child has made a disclosure, it generally signals that the child or young person is ready to begin to talk about the abuse. It is helpful to remember that a child’s disclosure of abuse is a process, rather than an event, which often means that children will continue to tell different aspects of their story over time. It is important that any new information is communicated to the JCPR Program via the Helpline. Legislative responsibilities and frameworks Section 9 of the Children and Young People (Care and Protection) Act 1998 (the Care Act) outlines that in any action or decision concerning a particular child or young person, the safety, welfare and well-being of the child or young person are paramount. This means DCJ has responsibilities to all children irrespective of whether that child or young person is a victim of abuse or a perpetrator of abuse. Chapter 16A of the Care Act allows JCPR Program staff and OOHC NGOs to share information relating to the safety, welfare or wellbeing of children or young people without having to gain consent from parties. Section 157 of the Care Act outlines authorised carers authority in making decisions about the day-to-day care of the children and young people in their care. This authority does not extend to authorised carers and NGO caseworkers making decisions about a child or young person’s participation in a JCPR investigative process. This is a decision made by DCJ JCPR staff, given the parental responsibilities held by the Minister and administered by the DCJ arm of JCPR. There are provisions under the Care Act that can result in an offence should it be determined that individuals have hindered, obstructed or delayed DCJ staff exercising their duties under the Act. Additionally, the Crimes Act 1900 provides Police with the ability to take action against persons who are hindering an investigation. Initial responsibilities for NGO caseworkers What are my record keeping and reporting responsibilities? When a child’s disclosure is brought to the attention of the NGO caseworker, it is important to ensure that the information is accurately recorded and reported to appropriate bodies. NGO caseworkers should keep written records of all conversations, actions and decisions (and reasons for decisions). These records should be signed and dated and include what was said, where, when and by whom. Foster carers should also keep a record of the disclosure. Caseworkers may need to ask foster carers some clarifying questions to establish the extent of risk and harm that has occurred. An assessment of risk should be made at the time of the initial disclosure and should be recorded and updated regularly, particularly when new or additional information is obtained. Any risk management action must be taken with the clearance of, or in liaison with DCJ or JCPR Program staff. Taking action without clearance from investigative agencies may result in damaging criminal or other investigative processes with adverse effects on the ongoing safety of children and young people. NGO caseworkers need to consider: - Has a report been made to the Child Protection Helpline? It is recommended that the Mandatory Reporter Guide (MRG) is applied to guide your decision making about whether or not to make a report to the Child Protection Helpline. - Is there an immediate risk of harm? If there is, or if it is alleged that a sexual offence has occurred within the last five days, contact your local police. - What are the internal reporting requirements of your agency? The disclosure may require reporting to the Office of the NSW Ombudsman and the Office of the Children’s Guardian. How can I support my carers? The process of a child’s disclosure can be distressing and stressful for all parties. It is important that caseworkers provide the necessary support and guidance for the foster carer. This in turn will enable foster carers to provide the day to day support and care to the child or young person. It is also important that caseworkers access the appropriate supervision or professional support to assist them in their responsibilities. Caseworkers need to ensure that the foster carers they support are confident about: - how to identify a disclosure of abuse and potential signs of abuse - how to appropriately respond to a child making the disclosure - the appropriate recording and reporting mechanisms. What if the disclosure raises concerns about an OOHC NGO carer? When a disclosure involves the behaviour of a carer, the OOHC NGO has additional responsibilities under the Ombudsman Act 1974. For full details of OOHC NGO’s responsibilities under this Act and what constitutes reportable conduct, please contact the Office of the NSW Ombudsman. OOHC NGOs also need to ensure that they update the Carers Register when a reportable allegation is made. For full details of OOHC NGO’s responsibilities in relation to the Carers Register, please contact the Office of Children’s Guardian. In addition to reporting and investigating responsibilities, the OOHC NGO must assess and manage risks in relation to the carer. It is important that the OOHC NGO does not take any risk management or investigative action until liaison and clearance is gained from JCPR Program staff. The Office of the NSW Ombudsman can provide practical advice and support in relation to the management of these processes. Working with the JCPR Program to support children and young people in OOHC OOHC NGOs and JCPR Program Staff have the shared goal of ensuring the safety and wellbeing of the child or young person, this includes children and young people who may be an offender or person of interest (POI). It is important for JCPR staff to communicate information about their process to the OOHC NGO particularly as it can have ramifications for risk management, case management and planning. If you are having difficulties managing risk or accessing services please contact your local JCPR Program Unit. What happens at the Child Protection Helpline? Once a report is made to the Child Protection Helpline, a decision will be made about whether the information reaches the threshold of risk of significant harm (ROSH). The Helpline will advise the reporter in writing about whether the information reaches the ROSH threshold and, when appropriate, will include advice that the matter has been referred to the Joint Referral Unit (JRU) for a more detailed assessment. Helpline staff will ask the reporter for consent for DCJ to share their identifying information with NSW Police and NSW Health. If you have not received advice about the outcome of your report you can make further enquiries by contacting your local CSC and providing them with the Helpline reference number. What happens at the Joint Referral Unit (JRU)? The JRU reviews, analyses, and gathers information to inform the decision about whether the referral will be accepted into the JCPR Program. The JRU will then transfer accepted matters to the relevant JCPR Program Unit. The decision about which The JCPR Unit is allocated a matter is based on where the alleged victim is residing, not where the alleged incident occurred. Matters that are not accepted into the JCPR Program will be referred to a Community Service Centre (CSC) or Police Area Command (PAC) or Police District (PD). The JRU timeframes for decisions ensure field staff are able to comply with required response times. If a matter has been assessed as ROSH requiring a less than: - 24 hours response, a decision to accept or reject must be made by JRU within 2 hours and transferred to the relevant JCPR/CSC/PD/PAC - 72 hours response, a decision to accept or reject must be made by JRU within 24 hours and transferred to relevant JCPR/CSC/PD/PAC - 10 days response, a decision to accept or reject must be made by JRU within 72 hours and transferred to relevant JCPR/CSC/PD/PAC. What happens when the JCPR Program accepts and commences an investigation? Once JCPR receives a referral from JRU the three agency arms of JCPR meet to review the referral and may seek additional information (including from the OOHC NGO and other stakeholders) before they progress to a field response. Ongoing communication between the JCPR Unit and the OOHC NGO should occur throughout the JCPR process. JCPR Unit needs to tailor its response to ensure the individual needs of the child or young person are met (including children and young people who may be the alleged offender or POI). It is important to remember that not all matters will result in a criminal prosecution. Each process is different and may involve the following: - Medical examination: this is coordinated by the JCPR Senior Health Clinician and has a number of purposes including ensuring that the child is well and addressing any physical issues or injuries, collecting any forensic evidence and providing assurance to the child and carer about any ongoing health issues. - Interview of the child or young person/alleged victim: conducted by highly trained JCPR Program police staff and is: - usually conducted in an interview suite or another appropriate safe setting by police interviewers who are experienced and trained to interview in a way that minimises trauma for the child. The child will be asked to tell their story in detail. - video recorded, as required by legislation (if the child is under the age of 16 years). The video may become the child’s ‘evidence in chief’ if the matter proceeds to a court hearing so that the child does not have to re-tell his or her story in its entirety and only has to respond to cross examination. - usually conducted without a support person. If a child wishes to have a support person present, JCPR Program staff can make appropriate arrangements. - FACS and Health JCPR Program staff may be monitoring the interview live and may ask further Child Protection questions during a formal break in the interview. - Interview of the child or young person who may be the alleged perpetrator / person of interest (POI): These children are case managed by the local CSC. If the child or young person is: - under ten years of age, the matter is not pursued criminally and generally will not be accepted into the JCRP Program. Interview the offending child, however it is important that it is reported so that protective action is taken and therapeutic intervention arranged to address the behaviour. This is critical for children in OOHC and seeks to protect the offending child and other children they may be placed with. - aged between 10 and 18 years, the JCPR Program considers each matter individually to determine whether pursuing criminal action against the child will result in the best outcome for those involved. This decision is guided by the principle that the safety, welfare and well-being of the child or young person are paramount. JCPR Program staff will liaise with the local CSC who has case management responsibilities for the offending child and will consider: - what action needs to be taken to secure the safety of children and young people, this may include a placement change or increased supervision for children in OOHC - alternate options to criminal prosecution to address the issue, such as accessing support and counselling to address sexualised or other violent behaviour. We know that early take up of counselling has long term wellbeing benefits for the perpetrating child, as well protecting other children - severity and nature of the alleged abuse and the age of the child. - Interviews of potential witnesses and forensic analysis (court ordered and other): including carers and caseworkers - Health and counselling support: The JCPR Senior Health Clinician: - participates in the interview planning stage, provides information and support at the time of the interview to the child and the carer including enabling the carer to provide support directly to the child. - coordinates plans for the health and support needs, including arranging referrals for counselling for the carer and child. Often counselling for the child will focus on what is happening now for the child and young person, not necessarily the abuse. Counselling support and information for the carer is crucial to ensure the quality of the overall support of the child or young person and the ongoing stability of the placement. - Placement review and change (if necessary) - Court proceedings: including criminal proceedings and Children’s Court care proceedings. More information about the JCPR Program What is JCPR? podcast and transcript can be accessed on the NGO Learning website The NGO Learning Centre website also contains an online classroom that includes modules on the MRG, online reporting and ‘What is child protection reporting and Keep Them Safe’ Additional information about the role of JCPR can be found on the DCJ website. For DCJ JCPR Manager Client Service contact details please contact [email protected] The Care Act also allows DCJ to request information from prescribed agencies under section 248, which is used in strictly limited circumstances and with the approval Director Community Services. In the exercise of the Minister’s parental responsibility, DCJ may also require information from OOHC NGOs or access to certain information about the performance of services under section 6 of the Standard Service Agreement.	https://www.facs.nsw.gov.au/providers/children-families/oohc/jcpr?merge_chapters=true
Anthurium hybrida. Genus and species: Variety denomination: ‘TWYANAL11’. Anthurium, Anthurium hybrida, Anthurium Anthurium The present invention comprises a new and distinct cultivar of botanically known as and hereinafter referred to by the cultivar name ‘TWYANAL11’. The new cultivar originated from a hybridization made in 2003 in Apopka, Fla. USA. The female parent was the proprietary plant ‘T-263’ (unpatented), while the male parent was the plant ‘Cotton Candy’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 8,819). The new cultivar was selected in April 2005 from the results of the hybridization and has been asexually reproduced repeatedly by tissue culture in Apopka, Fla., USA over a two and one-half year period. The present invention has been found to retain its distinctive characteristics through successive asexual propagations. 1) Numerous, small lavender spathes; 2) Durable, abundant, shiny lanceolate leaves; 3) Highly branched, spreading growth habit; and 4) Easy to grow. The following are the most outstanding and distinguishing characteristics of this new cultivar when grown under normal horticultural practices in Apopka, Fla., The following detailed description sets forth the distinctive characteristics of ‘TWYANAL11’. The data which define these characteristics were collected from asexual reproductions carried out in Apopka, Fla. The plant history was taken on 23-month old plants which were planted from tissue culture in 25-cm pots and grown in a greenhouse with average daily temperatures of 85° F.-95° F. and average nightly temperatures of 72° F. to 78° F. Observations were made in March 2007. Color readings were taken under natural light in the greenhouse. Color references are primarily to the R.H.S. Colour Chart of The Royal Horticultural Society of London (R.H.S.) (2001). Family.— Aracea. Botanical.—Anthurium hybrida. Common.—Anthurium. Classification: Female parent. Anthurium —‘T-263’, a proprietary plant with dark-purple spathes (unpatented). Male parent.—Anthurium plant ‘Cotton Candy’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 8,819) with pink spathes. Parentage: Form. —Upright, symmetrical, with outward spreading leaves; plant wider than tall. Growth and branching habit. —Upright stems, highly branched (basal, axillary branching), dense leafy habit with many leaves and relatively small flowers; vigorous growth habit, plant produces numerous branches, leaves and flowers. Height measured from soil to top of canopy ().—30 cm to 38 cm. Height measured from soil to top of inflorescences ().—30 cm to 38 cm (flowers at, among and above the top of the foliage). Width area of spread ().—65 cm to 70 cm. Time to produce a finished flowering plant. —Single micro cutting to liner: 14 to 16 weeks. 10 cm pot from liner: 6 to 7 months (first flowers). 15 cm pot from liner: 9 to 10 months. 20 cm pot from liner: 12 to 14 months. Growth rate. Anthurium —Typical of commercial cultivars. Root description. —Thick fleshy roots with finer laterals; between RHS 155D to RHS 174D (greenish-white) tinged with RHS 180D; between RHS 179A to RHS 179B where exposed to light; RHS 151D root tips. Durability of foliage to stresses. —Durable, holds up well under typical commercial practice. High temperature tolerance. —To about 104° F. without damage. Low temperature tolerance. —To about 55° F. without damage. Growth: Number of stems per plant. —25. Length from soil line to the junction of the last two unrolled leaves ().—7.5 cm. Diameter measured from about cm above the soil surface (3 ).—1.2 cm. Internode length. —1.1 cm. Color. —Immature: Between RHS 145B to RHS 145C sheathed with green cataphylls. Mature: Between RHS 146C to RHS 146D sheathed with dried cataphylls between RHS 165A to RHS 165B (brown). Appearance. —Upright, cylindrical, round, thick with regularly spaced petioles and short internodes; cataphylls are present and not persistant; surface is smooth and glossy. Aspect. —Upright. Strength. —Sturdy, strong, upright. Cataphylls. —Shape and arrangement: Lanceolate, mucronate, acute, one or two keeled; base of cataphyll clasps the stem. Length: 3.7 cm to 11.0 cm. Width: 3.3 cm (flattened). Appearance: Inside: Shiny. Outside: Glossy. Pubescence: Absent (smooth). Color: Between RHS 144A to RHS 144B, becoming between RHS 165A to RHS 165B with senescence. Stems: Arrangement and type. —Alternate, simple, single leaf per petiole; midrib on lower surface is keeled. Quantity of leaves per stem. —10 per main stem; fewer leaves on younger axillary branches. Length. —16 cm to 20 cm. Width natural ().9.5 cm. Shape. —Ovate to lanceolate. Apex. —Acuminate, mucronate. Base. —Acute. Margin. —Smooth, entire, leaf blade and margin mostly flat. Appearance on both surfaces ().—Smooth, thin, leathery, shiny; dulling with age. Pubescence on both surfaces ().—Absent. Immature leaf color.— Upper surface: Greener than, but closest to colors between RHS 146A to RHS 146B Lower surface; between RHS 146C to RHS 147C Mature leaf color. —Upper surface: RHS 147A and tinged with RHS N189A. Lower surface: RHS 146B. Venation. —Pinnate. Venation color: Upper surface: Immature: Between RHS 146B to RHS 146C. Immature midrib: RHS 146C. Mature: Same color as surrounding tissue. Mature midrib: RHS 146B. Lower surface: Immature: RHS 146C. Immature midrib: Between RHS 146D to RHS 145A. Mature: RHS 146C. Mature midrib: RHS 144B. Petiole. —Aspect: Vertical, upright when newly emerged, leaning outward about 45° from the vertical axis with maturity. Length (from base of leaf to junction of petiole and stem): 21 cm to 25 cm. Diameter: Distal (measured in the center below the geniculum and above the petiole wing tip): 0.3 cm. Proximal: 0.8 cm. Color: Between RHS 146B to RHS 146C. Geniculum. —Length: 3.1 cm. Diameter: 0.39 cm. Aspect: Straight or curved upward. Color: Between RHS 146B to RHS 146C. Wing. —Length: 1.6 cm (tip of wing flush with petiole). Diameter: 0.5 cm. Color: Outside: Between RHS 146B to RHS 146C. Inside: RHS 146B. Leaves: Arrangement. —Spathe/spadix atop peduncle, emerges from petiole sheath; peduncle attached to stem at leaf axil; inflorescences among and slightly above the foliage, mostly along the margin of the leaf canopy; self-cleaning. Aspect. —Upright straight, vertical when newly emerged, leaning outward toward the margin of the canopy with age. Height. —30 cm to 38 cm, Depth. —Spathe mostly flat or reflexed slightly along the margins. Flowering habit and season. —Continuous flowering year round, but most prolific in winter and spring. Number of inflorescences per plant. —22 inflorescences and buds. Buds. —Are lanceolate, 3.9 cm to 5.7 cm long, 0.6 cm to 0.7 cm wide and are colored between RHS 62C to RHS 62B to RHS 73C while the proximal end is tinged with RHS 63B. Fragrance. —Absent. Rate of inflorescence opening. —About every 10 days, 3 to 4 new inflorescences emerge. Longevity on plant. —3 to 4 weeks. Longevity as cut flower.— 10 days. Inflorescence: Appearance. —Relatively small, lavender; smooth, glossy, thin, leathery, margins slightly reflexed. Arrangement/Aspect. —Variable; typically about 45° to 90° from the vertical axis. Pubescence on both surfaces ().—Absent. Shape. —Ovate. Margin. —Entire; often slightly reflexed. Apex. —Acute, mucronate. Base. —Obtuse. Longevity.— 3 to 4 weeks with good color. Size. —Length: 4.2 cm to 6.2 cm. Width (natural): 2.5 cm. Color. —When opening: Front side: Between RHS 73B to RHS 68B. Rear side: Between RHS 62B to RHS 73B. Fully opened: Front side: RHS 63C. Rear side: RHS 63C. Fading to: Between RHS 65A to RHS 65B, becoming RHS N199B when senescent. Spathe: Appearance. —Columnar, upright, affixed atop very short stipe at junction of peduncle and spathe. Arrangement/Aspect. —Upright, near vertical. Shape. —Columnar, narrow, tapered at tip. Margin. —Round in transverse section. Apex. —Bluntly rounded, obtuse. Base. —Bluntly rounded, terminates atop a short stipe. Size. —Length: 3.3 cm to 4.0 cm. Diameter: 0.5 cm. Color immature ().—Proximal: RHS 65D. Distal: Between RHS 70C to 70D. Color mature (). Proximal: RHS 75B. Distal: RHS 75A. Spadix: Arrangement. —Individual flowers reduced, tightly packed on spadix. Type. —Bisexual, reduced, minuscule; female flowers receptive first, followed by male flowers. Shape. —Individual flowers roughly pyramidal in shape, tightly packed on the spadix; flowers sessile on spadix; face of individual flower flat and square or diamond shaped; pistil in center, protruding, surrounded by anthers; four triangular tepals at corners. Diameter. —0.15 cm. Height. —0.15 cm from base to tip of pistil; stigma protrudes about 0.005 cm when receptive. Number of female flowers per spadix. —150. Number of male anthers per flower. —About 8 (minuscule; not clearly visible). Flowers: Length. —33 cm. Diameter. —0.25 cm. Angle. —Straight, upright or leaning outward toward the margin of the leaf canopy. Strength. —Sturdy, somewhat flexible. Color. —Between RHS 146C to RHS 144A. Peduncle: Length stipe ()—0.4 cm. Diameter stipe ().—0.3 cm. Angle. —Straight, upright. Strength. —Sturdy. Color. —RHS 146D. Pedicel: Anther color. —RHS 65D. Pollen amount. —Sparse. Pollen color. —RHS 155D (white). Stigma color. —RHS 65D. Ovary color. —RHS 65D. Reproductive organs: Fruit and seed set: Seed production has not been observed to date Anthurium Disease and insect resistance: No particular resistance or susceptibility different from other varieties. 11’ differs from the female parent Anthurium ‘TWYANALplant ‘T-263’ (unpatented), by having numerous, small, light lavender spathes, while ‘T-263’ has fewer, larger dark-purple spathes. ‘TWYANAL11’ has leaves that are numerous and ovate to lanceolate in shape, while ‘T-263’ has fewer, larger, wider ovate leaves. In addition, ‘TWYANAL11’ has a highly branched, spreading growth habit, while ‘T-263’ has less branching and a more upright growth habit. Anthurium ‘TWYANAL11’ differs from the commercial variety ‘Purple Plum’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 12,424), by having numerous, small, light lavender spathes, while ‘Purple Plum’ has fewer, larger purple spathes. ‘TWYANAL11’ has leaves that are numerous and ovate to lanceolate in shape, while ‘Purple Plum’ has fewer, broader, ovate leaves. In addition, ‘TWYANAL11’ has a highly branched, spreading growth habit, while ‘Purple Plum’ has less branching and a more upright growth habit. ‘TWYANAL11’ differs from the male parent plant ‘Cotton Candy’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 8,819) by having numerous, small, light lavender spathes, while ‘Cotton Candy’ has fewer, larger pink spathes. ‘TWYANAL11’ has leaves that are numerous and ovate to lanceolate in shape, while ‘Cotton Candy’ has fewer, larger, deltoid leaves. In addition, ‘TWYANAL11’ has a highly branched, spreading growth habit, while ‘Cotton Candy’ has less branching and a more rounded, clumping growth habit. BACKGROUND OF THE NEW PLANT SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW CULTIVAR DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION COMPARISON WITH PARENTAL AND COMMERCIAL CULTIVARS DESCRIPTION OF PHOTOGRAPH Anthurium This new plant is illustrated by the accompanying photograph which shows the overall plant habit including blooms, buds and foliage of the plant. The colors shown are as true as can be reasonably obtained by conventional photographic procedures. The photograph is of an 23-month old plant grown in a greenhouse in Apopka, Fla.
The Climate Change Response Framework (CCRF) was established in 2009 led by the U. S. Forest Service (USFS)’s Northern Institute of Applied Climate Science. The Framework is intended to help forest and natural resource managers and landowners integrate climate change into natural resource management by utilizing climate science with the on-the-ground management of climate impacts. The six established projects of the Framework cover 19 states and span 14 national forests. The “ecoregions" encompassed include the Central Appalachians, Central Hardwoods, Mid-Atlantic, New England, Northwoods, and Urban. Resource Category: Solutions See Resource Login to Add to My Resource List Resource Synthesis and Assessment Product (SAP) 4.2: Thresholds of Climate Change in Ecosystems January 2009 This report is one in a series of 21 Synthesis and Assessment Products (SAPs) produced between 2004 and 2009 by the U. S. Climate Change Science Program, aimed at providing current assessments of climate change science in the U. S. to inform public debate, policy, and operational decisions. This SAP reviews threshold changes in North American ecosystems that are potentially induced by climate change and addresses the significant challenges these threshold crossings impose on resource and land managers. Authors or Affiliated Users: Daniel B. Fagre, Collen W. Charles, Craig D. Allen, Charles Birkeland, Stuart F. Chapin III, Peter M. Groffman, David A. McGuire, Patrick J. Mulholland, Debra P.C. Peters, Daniel D. Roby Resource Category: Assessments See Resource Login to Add to My Resource List Resource Alaska's IAWG 2009 Final Report: Recommendations to the Governor's Sub-Cabinet on Climate Change March 2009 Alaska's Immediate Action Workgroup (IAWG) of the Governor’s Executive Subcabinet on Climate Change was formed in 2007 to make and prioritize annual recommendations to address impacts to the state's communities from climate change. The Workgroup released its first report in 2008, addressing known climate threats to communities caused by coastal erosion, thawing permafrost, flooding, and fires. The climate impacts are assessed and recommendations are made for each of the Alaskan communities of Kivalina, Koyukuk, Newtok, Shaktoolik, Shismaref, and Unalakleet. Resource Category: Planning See Resource Login to Add to My Resource List Resource Dallas Urban Heat Island March 2009 This report describes urban heat island effects on Dallas, Texas, and options that could be implemented to help reduce these effects. It summarizes the goals, costs, benefits, actions, and incentives that Dallas has available to cool the city. These include: (1) expanded use and care of trees and vegetation, (2) cool (reflective) and green roofs, and (3) cool or permeable paving strategies that can help cool the city and address storm water issues. Resource Category: Solutions See Resource Login to Add to My Resource List Resource Facing Our Future - Adapting to Connecticut's Changing Climate March 2009 In March 2009, the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection published a series of eight sector-based reports; each defining current climate impacts, actions the Department is taking, and recommended actions to foster adaptation at local and regional levels. The eight reports address the sectors of: Biodiversity, Fisheries, Forestry, Infrastructure, Coastal, Recreation, Water Resources and Wildlife. Resource Category: Assessments See Resource Login to Add to My Resource List Resource Toronto Eco-Roof Incentive Program March 2009 The City of Toronto in Ontario, Canada Eco-Roof Incentive Program provides grants to commercial, industrial and institutional property owners to improve the sustainability of Toronto's infrastructure and its resilience to climate change. Financial incentives are provided for the construction of green roofs that support vegetation and cool roofs that reflect the sun's thermal energy. Launched in 2009, the program supports the City's Climate Change Action Plan and complements the City's 'Green Roof Bylaw' and the 'Green Standard' by encouraging owners of existing buildings to retrofit their roofs. Resource Category: Funding See Resource Login to Add to My Resource List Resource Climate Risk Information (New York City) February 17, 2009 This 2009 report ("the CRI") by the New York City Panel on Climate Change is designed to help New York City decision-makers better understand climate science and the potential consequences for city infrastructure. Mayor Bloomberg convened leading climate change experts to advise the City's Adaptation Force. This report is one of three reports produced for the Task Force. This report provides climate change projections for the and vulnerabilities to critical infrastructure Authors or Affiliated Users: Radley Horton, Megan O'Grady Resource Category: Assessments See Resource Login to Add to My Resource List Resource Climate Change Adaptation Across the Landscape: A survey of federal and state agencies, conservation organizations, and academic institutions in the United States February 10, 2009 To better define "climate change adaptation" and to assess the current status of adaptation planning and implementation with the U. S. conservation community, 68 interviews across 44 organizations were conducted. These interviews included federal and state agency staff, conservationists within non-governmental organizations, and academic scientists thinking about or working on climate change adaptation. Using a survey guide and standard methodology, these experts were asked to define climate change adaptation, discuss ongoing adaptation planning efforts, provide examples of adaptation techniques and practices, and list costs associated with these techniques. Authors or Affiliated Users: Katie Theoharides, Gerald Barnhart, Patty Glick Resource Category: Monitoring and Reporting See Resource Login to Add to My Resource List Resource Natural Security: How Sustainable Water Strategies Prepare Communities for a Changing Climate 2009 Making the linkage between "green" water management practices and protecting communities from climate change, this publication evaluates green infrastructure strategies implemented in 8 communities across the U. S. through the lens of climate changes in these areas and associated impacts. Focus areas include: improving public health, reducing flood and storm damage; securing clean water supplies; and resilient communities. . Authors or Affiliated Users: Will Hewes, Kristen Pitts Resource Category: Solutions See Resource Login to Add to My Resource List Resource Maine Department of Transportation – Bridge Scour Management Recognizing that climate change will cause changes in precipitation and stream flow, the state of Maine has taken several steps to evaluate the vulnerability of its bridges to scour and implement corrective actions to safeguard those most critical. Among the transportation infrastructure adaptation policies recommended in Maine DOT’s report Climate Change and Transportation in Maine were two scour-related goals: inspecting all bridges at least every two years, and conducting underwater inspections for scour and structural integrity every 60 months.	https://www.adaptationclearinghouse.org/search/?type_a=t&type%5B%5D=Resource&page=262&sort_by=ints_promoted%20DESC,%20score&direction=asc
Earlier this week I had a very enjoyable afternoon discussing “Don’t Get Fooled Again” at University College School’s “Beyond Words” book festival, and looking at some of the more eye-catching bits of psychological research that I came across while writing the book. The audience had some challenging and wide-ranging questions, and I thought it might be interesting to post some more background links here. I was about halfway through my research when I realised that a great many of the delusions I was looking at seemed to come down, at least in part, to what might once have been called “excessive vanity”: The conspiracy theorists who think that they alone are part of some special group with special knowledge about AIDS/the Illuminati/911 or the “great asbestos scam” while everyone else muddles along in their brainwashed ignorance. Or the crank who’s convinced that, just by using his uncommon “common sense”, he’s managed to find a fatal flaw in a well-established scientific theory that generations of world-renowned biologists have somehow contrived to miss. But what I hadn’t known was the degree to which almost all of us seem to over-rate ourselves and our own abilities, at least to some degree. The average driver thinks that they’re a better driver than the average driver – and reason dictates that we can’t all be above average. Most people also seem to rate themselves at least slightly better than others in intelligence, and significantly better in warmth, generosity and – my personal favourite – likelihood of leaving the largest slice of pizza for someone else when there are only two slices left. The research link for that particular claim can be found here – and for a more general overview I’d recommend Cordelia Fine’s excellent book “A Mind of Its Own: How your brain distorts and deceives”. Somewhat less academic but still very interesting was the case of a reality TV show called “Space Cadets” where a Channel Four production company managed to convince a group of contestants that they were being sent into space and put into orbit around the earth. In fact they were sitting in a Hollywood space shuttle simulator at a disused military airbase in Suffolk. The programme-makers had set out explicitly to recreate a psychological phenomenon known as “groupthink”, where members of a close-knit social group become so focussed on a particular group belief or objective that they lose their ability to think critically. But what hadn’t been predicted was the effect that the experience would have on the actors who were in on the hoax, and whose job it was to pretend to be an ordinary member of the group. “My poor brain is a scramble of half-truths, astronomical lies and unbridled lunacy”, Skelton wrote in the Guardian, shortly after the hoax was finally revealed. “I’ve just scribbled a list of what I know for sure: I’ve been a mole on a fake reality show called Space Cadets; I have a Russian doll in my hand luggage; I’ve just spent the past five days in a flight simulator in a hangar on the Suffolk coast; and – last but by no means least – I’ve just spent the past five days in space. My default brain position aboard Earth Orbiter One was that we were 200 kilometres up, travelling at about seven kilometres per second. Too many things were telling me that for me to think otherwise.” The psychological manipulation had been so strong that even though Skelton knew, rationally, that the whole thing was a hoax, he found himself believing it anyway. The third case study I looked at was the notorious Stanford Prison Experiment, which took place in the early 1970s. Researcher Philip Zimbardo constructed a model prison in the basement of the Stanford Psychology Department, and got a group of students to play the roles of prison guards and prisoners. Within days, a significant proportion of the guards, who just days previously had been seemingly normal college students, had been transformed into brutal sadists, who relished the power that they’d been given and the opportunities for abuse that it gave them. In the end, the experiment had to be terminated early. Full details about the experiment and its wider implications can be found at Zimbardo’s excellent Stanford Prison Experiment website. In “Don’t Get Fooled Again” I argue that human beings are rather more vulnerable to delusion and manipulation than we are usually be prepared to admit – but that confronting these vulnerabilities, and doing our best to understand them, is crucial in reducing our risk of being fooled in future. 2 Responses I do not even understand how I ended up right here, however I thought this post was good. I do not understand who you might be but definitely you are going to a well-known blogger for those who are not already. Cheers!
Performs difficult professional work coordinating with vendors, planning market and community programming activities, managing on-site market operations during market hours, and related work as apparent or assigned. Work is performed under the limited supervision of the Parks Superintendent. Limited supervision is exercised over assigned volunteers and/or interns. Qualification Requirements To perform this job successfully, an individual must be able to perform each essential function satisfactorily. The requirements listed below are representative of the knowledge, skill and/or ability required. Reasonable accommodations may be made to enable an individual with disabilities to perform the essential functions. Essential Functions Manages Richmond Farmers Market; recruits and coordinates with vendors before and during the season, collects paperwork and payments, enforcing policies, and creating vendor map and schedule. Leads the Farmers Market Advisory Team Meetings; develops and implements plans to assist with the growth of the Farmers Market. Researches, develops, and implements fundraising opportunities. Plans and executes Richmond Parks and Recreation community programming. Conducts marketing and outreach for Richmond Parks and Recreation events and services. Maintains and improves Richmond Parks and Recreation digital assets. Provides recommendations on hiring, terminating, promoting/demoting, suspending, and adjusting grievances; assigns, leads, trains, and inspects the work of staff; recommends rewards and discipline; assists in coaching, counseling, and evaluating staff performance; develops staff schedules; supervises interns and volunteers. Researches and writes grants for Richmond Parks and Recreation events, projects, and improvements. Responds to community questions and needs. Fosters volunteer, donor, and vendor relationships. Knowledge, Skills and Abilities Working knowledge and experience with social media platforms; working knowledge of community organizing and farmers market management; working knowledge of the principles, rules, techniques, materials, and equipment required for a variety of special events and recreational activities; skilled in grant writing; skill in the use of personal computers, associated software packages, hardware, and peripheral equipment; ability to communicate effectively in oral and written form; ability to deal courteously and effectively with the public; ability to work independently and problem solve; ability to work with committees as part of a team; ability to organize information and events and handle confidential data with professional discretion; ability to work on evenings and weekends as necessary and to travel to vendors; ability to exercise diplomatic conflict resolution; ability to conduct short and long term planning; ability to supervise, coordinate, direct, and train the work of staff; ability to establish and maintain effective working relationships with associates, department heads and management, other departments, outside agencies, vendors, and the general public. Education and Experience High School diploma or GED and moderate experience in organizing large-scale events, workshops, or meetings, in local foods production, parks, advocating for local farming and local farm products with some staff supervision, or equivalent combination of education and experience. Physical Requirements This works requires the occasional exertion of up to 25 pounds of force; work regularly requires speaking or hearing and using hands to finger, handle or feel, frequently requires standing, walking, sitting, reaching with hands and arms, pushing or pulling and repetitive motions and occasionally requires climbing or balancing, stooping, kneeling, crouching or crawling and tasting or smelling; work has standard vision requirements; vocal communication is required for conveying detailed or important instructions to others accurately, loudly or quickly; hearing is required to perceive information at normal spoken word levels; work requires preparing and analyzing written or computer data, operating motor vehicles or equipment and observing general surroundings and activities; work frequently requires exposure to outdoor weather conditions; work is generally in a moderately noisy location (e.g. business office, light traffic). Special Requirements Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) / Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) training within one year of hire. May require possession of, or ability to obtain, specific licenses and/or certifications depending on departmental assignment. Must meet and maintain all training and education requirements for position. Valid driver's license in the State of Indiana.	https://www.richmondindiana.gov/postings/farmers-market-coordinator-and-community-engagement-facilitator
Drawing: Parts of a Flower In this class, learners will learn how to draw what they see while drawing the various parts of a flower. We will talk about geometric and organic shapes. We will briefly look at the flower in a scientific way. Class layout: 1. We will review geometric shapes and talk about organic shapes. What are the differences between geometric and organic shapes? Which shapes occurs naturally? 2 We will then look at either a real flower or a fake flower depending on which one the learners bring to class. We will discuss the shapes they see. Does a flower have geometric shapes? Could you draw the flower using only geometric shapes? 3. We will take apart the flower and draw each piece. As we draw what we see, we will discuss the purpose of each part of the flower. Does is collect sunshine? Water? Pollen? 4. After we have drawn the parts of the flower, learners will create an abstract art work using the different parts and shapes of the flower. This is learners opportunity to explore their creativity. Learning Goals: Students will learn the difference between geometric and organic shapes. Students will learn basic structure and properties of flowers. (This is not a science class, the explanation will be brief.) Students will begin to see a connection between art and science. Students will learn how to draw what they see. Students will learn how using basic shapes can create abstract art. Students will be encourage to use their creativity. This class meets once. Ages 8-11 Cost $10 Sign up here. Check out my Outschool profile and other classes here.	https://splishsplashartclass.com/drawing-parts-of-a-flower/
In most cases, a lot of time, energy, and resources go into finding the right candidate for a role. But there are rare occasions when you actually wind up with two equally-qualified candidates — individuals who appear to both possess the skills, experience and knowledge to do a great job. So how do you choose between them? Here are five tips on how to choose between candidates. Assess which candidate is stronger in regard to the must-have-skills. No two candidates are exactly alike, so there are likely to be differences — no matter how small — in their abilities. What matters to you is how the candidates stack up in terms of the most important skills for the role. Perhaps one person has a year’s more experience working with a specific technology, or maybe the other has held more leadership positions. Evaluate any extras that the candidates bring. Especially when it comes to executive candidates, it’s important to look at any additional value they can offer the company besides their existing qualifications. Is one of them a well-known leader in their field? Does the other have specific leadership or mentoring skills that can benefit their executive team? Assess the candidates’ cultural fit. A good hire depends on the candidate being a good cultural fit. Think about which candidate is most likely to share your organization’s values and blend into the current culture. If this is challenging, it can be helpful to get some input from the teams who will be working with the candidate. You can organize informal lunch meetings so employees can socialize with both candidates and provide some feedback. Consider the candidates’ potential long-term value. Even though you’re looking to fill the role right now, you need to take each candidate’s potential long-term value for your organization into account. Which of the two has expressed more interest in a stable position? Has either one mentioned anything about growth opportunities that you might not be able to offer? Which person is likely to add the most value in terms of achieving cost-savings, generating revenue, creating IP, establishing partnerships and/or helping the company expand? Ask the candidates why they want the position. Besides gaining more insights into their motivation for applying for the role, this will also give you the opportunity to gauge their level of enthusiasm for it — and a candidate who’s clearly excited about the opportunity is more likely to be a fitting choice. At the end of the day, if you have two candidates with the same credentials, you can’t go wrong. But by keeping these five tips in mind, you stand a good chance of selecting the individual who will bring that extra something to the role and contribute more to your organization in the long term.	https://www.kirbypartners.com/how-to-choose-between-candidates/
When is the 3rd trimester? The third trimester of pregnancy marks the final days of your pregnancy. It begins from around the 28th week to the 40th week or up to when you give birth. You can also refer to it as the 7th, 8th, and 9th months. This trimester is characterized by faster growth and development of the baby. During this last trimester, the baby will grow from around 2.5 pounds to 7-9 pounds. The baby kicks will become more noticeable due to taking in more space in the amniotic sac. We shall categorize what to expect in the third trimester into two; what happens to the mother and what happens to the baby. What Happens To The Baby? The baby will experience tremendous growth in this stage. If the baby is born early at any stage during this trimester, they have a much better chance of survival. It is advisable to keep your hospital bag ready during the third trimester. On the part of the baby, most of the body features will become more pronounced as they develop. The bones will develop from cartilage to proper bones. This means that the baby will be drawing more calcium from you. It is essential to make sure you are getting enough from food sources such as dairy, eggs, leafy vegetables, seafood, beans, peas, etc. Skin nails, and hair will also develop at this stage. Before this stage, the skin will be see-through but will now become opaque. The digestive system will also develop. The baby will have its first poop. All the baby’s senses develop. The baby will open its eyes and can perceive light. They can also touch, taste, and hear voices. The baby might recognize some familiar voices. The baby central nervous system and the brain will develop and start working. The baby will start dreaming, blinking, and performing other functions such as temperature regulation. Perhaps the most widely known development at this stage is that of the baby turning to face downwards, heads down position. This happens around week 34. The baby turns in preparation for labor. However, not all babies turn, some do not and is no cause for alarm. Your doctor may try manually turning the baby in week 37. What Happens To The Mother? The mother will experience some changes, as well. The most obvious one will be the tummy getting bigger. You will experience the baby moving a lot in the early weeks of the third trimester till when they turn. Due to the rapid expansion of the abdomen, the round ligaments will… Continue reading the article and learn more about pregnancy on Daisy Linden’s blog.	https://urbanistika.net/third-trimester-of-pregnancy-what-happens/
The Indian population currently stands at 1.3 billion and is estimated to rise to 1.7 billion by 2050. India is the second most populous country after China in the world. According to United Nations statistics, India will surpass China to become the worlds most populous country by 2022.With the economic growth in absolute terms, Indian economy is likely to reach US $10 trillion by 2030 making India 3rd largest economy after China and US. Today more than 34% of Indias population lives in cities and account for more than 60% of food consumption which leads to a change in dietary needs of country. India is an agrarian country, where more than 54% of population is engaged in agriculture and allied activities and accounts for INR 17.67 trillion (USD 274 billion) in 2018, contributing (17.4%4) Gross value to countrys GDP. India is 2 largest food grain producer in the world after China. Food grain production has grown at CAGR 2.8%between FY 15-19 with 281.4 Million tonnes of food grain produced in FY19, out of which share of cereals(91%) and Pulses (9%). Production of horticulture is consistently exceeding food grain production from FY15-19 and grown at CAGR 2.6%. Horticulture production is growing due to many advantages compared to large scale crop farming like more remunerative, low water utilization with small farms, faster turnaround and increasing demand due to change in lifestyle. Fruits (35%) and vegetables (66%) together forms 91% share of total horticulture production in India. Apart from agriculture other allied activities like dairy and animal husbandry have grown consistently from FY17-19. Indias total Exports from Agricultural and processed food products in FY 19 stood at 1.28 lakh crore with 7% increase compared to FY 18 out of which exports from Basmati rice, pulses and dairy products increased 72% and 22% respectively. Agriculture and food industry are closely connected industries, Indian food and retail market is projected to touch US$ 4826 billion by FY 2020 which also remains key driver for growth of agricultural produce. Indias food grains demand is estimated to be 355 million tonnes by 2030. India, today has food surplus status, however the pressure of constantly increasing population, declining arable land, small land holdings, High monsoon dependency and declining soil fertility are major threats of Indian agriculture to sustain the growing populations food need sand global nutrition needs is biggest concern. Hence, India will have to adopt the sustainable measures to maximize efficiency across value chain for sustainable output. Production As per the latest annual report (2017-18) released by the Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals the production installed capacity of agrochemical players in India is around 292 (000 MT). A pesticide has two main components, namely, the active ingredient(s) and the inert ingredient(s). The active ingredient is the one that gives a pesticide its pesticidal action. Its called the technical grade of a pesticide. The active ingredient is the technical grade of the pure pesticide. A pesticide is rarely applied in its pure form. It is usually formulated by adding inert ingredients that improve storage, handling, application, effectiveness or safety. The inert ingredient does not have any pesticidal action. Pesticides are first manufactured as technical grade product, which has 85% or more of the active chemical ingredients as it has a higher commercial purity. The active ingredients are then mixed with inert ingredients (solvents, adjuvant and fillers) to achieve the desired formulation. The active ingredient kills the pest whereas the inert ingredient facilitates ease of handling, spraying and coating on plants. Production of agrochemicals has grown at a CAGR of 4.3% during FY14-18. In the current financial year, production has risen by 2.9%. To feed a rising population, food production needs to be increased, creating a case for the need for more agro-inputs for better production and yield of various crops. With the growth of population in India, there has been a subsequent increase in the production of crops. Food grain production has grown at a CAGR of 1.8% and horticulture production has grown at a CAGR of 3% during FY 14-18. Production of agrochemical has also increased in-lieu of the new product additions which are formulated to combat the pest attacks. Growth Drivers To achieve higher crop yields, crop protection chemicals are expected to play a significant role. Simultaneously, it will also be critical to use them judiciously to maximize benefits and minimize the impact on non-targeted species. Budgetary support: The Government of India has continuously been providing budgetary support towards reviving the rural economy and increase the farmers income. A number of measures and initiatives have been proposed and announced during the FY19-20 budget for the improvement of the agriculture sector and the rural economy. Going forward, it is expected that the government will be increasing the level of agri-credit, to be provided, corroborating it to be beneficial for agri and agri-allied manufacturers. Availability of rural bank credit can increase the demand for pesticides. Off Patent Molecules: The share of Off patent products as compared to patent products and proprietary off-patent products has been increasing over the years. Agrochemicals worth USD 4.1 billion are expected to go off-patent by 2020. This provides significant export opportunities for Indian companies which have expertise in generic segment. Increase in demand for food grains: India has 17% of the worlds population. An increasing population, need for food security and high emphasis on achieving food grain self-sufficiency is expected to drive the demand for crop protection chemicals. Growth of horticulture: Fruits and vegetables account for nearly 90% of total horticulture production in the country. India is now the 2nd largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world and is the leader in several horticultural crops, namely mango, banana, papaya, cashew-nuts, areca nut, potato and okra. Growth in horticulture and floriculture industries is to result in increase in demand for agrochemicals, especially fungicides. As Indias diverse climate ensures production of all varieties of fresh fruits & vegetables, the trend has slowly shifted from production of food grains to horticulture, with production of horticulture consistently exceeding the production of food grains. Incidence of pest attacks: One of the major challenges to ensure food security and good crop yields is incidence of pests. On an average agro-pests are estimated to cause 15%-20% yield losses in principal major food and cash crops. Pest attacks across various stages of crop life-cycles are affecting farmers. Due to the hot humid climatic conditions prevalent in India, the number of pest attacks has been increasing. Use of agrochemicals can help mitigate the pest problem and increase crop output by 25%-50%. So far, the presence of more than 40,000 different types of insects have been recorded in India and of these about 1,000 have been listed as potential pests of economical loss plants, 500 pests have caused serious damage at some time and 70 have been causing damage more often. Changing climatic conditions: Erratic climatic conditions are impacting crop output. Farms need an array of inputs to protect crops from adverse climatic realities. Irregular monsoons coupled with lack of irrigation (60% of cultivable land is non-irrigated) results in low agricultural yield in India. Damp and warm weather conditions aid in breeding of weeds. Limited farmland availability: Rapid urbanisation has had a detrimental impact on land availability. The pressure is therefore to increase yield per hectare which can be achieved through increased usage of farm productivity-enhancing inputs like agrochemicals. Increasing awareness: Educating the farmers about advantages of agrochemicals and its safe usage, will lead to increase in demand. Companies are increasingly training farmers regarding the right use of agrochemicals in terms of quantity to be used, the right application methodology and appropriate chemicals to be used for identified pest problems. REGULATORY OVERVIEW Pesticides if not used judiciously can be toxic and hazardous to mankind and the environment. The Government of India regulates the manufacture, sale, transport, export/import etc. of pesticides under the guidelines of the Insecticides Act, 1968. The Insecticide Act, 1968 is administered through Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation (DAC). The other vital issues of pesticides industry such as prevention of use of spurious pesticides, quality standards, testing, review of use of pesticides, to create awareness about safe and judicious use of pesticides among the farmer community are also looked after by the DAC. Central Insecticides Board and the Registration Committee are the agencies under the Department to regulate the manufacture, distribution, export, import, ban and usage of pesticides. Insecticide Act is enforced by the State Governments. The Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals plays the role of a facilitator for the growth of the Industry. As per this act, no pesticide is allowed for production / import without registration. Compulsory registration is needed for the product in the central level and licenses for manufacture, formulation and sale at the state level. Power to prohibit the import, manufacture and sale of pesticides and also confiscate the stocks is within the preview of Centre Level. Classifications of misbranded insecticides which are divided into the following categories viz; (a) misbranded, (b) substandard, (c) spurious, and (d) duplicate. These classifications have been fixed according to the severity of the offence.For an offence deemed to be misbranded, there is provision for issuing administrative warning of the offence which may be compounded by imposing fine as well as imprisonment. OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS Government of India is targeting to improve agriculture and alliedsector encompassesactivities andprocess to create strong brand for agricultural and allied products. In order to drive sustainable agriculture growth, priority will be on reducing loses post-harvest which could be achieved by value addition through food processing sector which has huge growth potential. Hence value driven growth approach should be considered. Focus on enhancing the market linkages and providing information and communication technologies (ICT) enabled Agri- marketing systems which will adds value in pre and post-harvest phases of agriculture value chain. Paddy accounts for the maximum share of agrochemicals consumption around (26%-28%) followed by cotton (18% -20%). The eight states including Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and Haryana account for usage of > 70% of the agrochemicals used in India. Andhra Pradesh is a leading consumer of crop protection chemicals with a market share of 24%. Agrochemicals are broadly classifies into five types: Insecticides: Insecticides are largest consumed pesticides with 53% of total pesticides market in India due to its use in high production cropsviz. paddy, cotton, sugarcane and other cereals. Insecticides provide protection to the crops from the insects by either killing the morby preventing their attack. They help in controlling the pest population below a desired economic threshold level. Fungicides: Fungicides comprises only 19% of total pesticides markets hare with its application in fruits, vegetables and rice. Fungicides play important role to reduce post-harvest losses in fruits and vegetables. Fungicides are used to control disease attacks on crops and are used to protect the crops from the attack of fungi. Fungicides are of two types protectants and eradicants. Herbicides: Herbicides also called a sweedicides are used to kill undesirable plants. Herbicides are second largest and fastest growing pesticides segment comprises 24% marketshare. Herbicides are majorly used in rice and wheat crops however, due to availability of cheap labour in India those are employed to manually pull out weeds. Herbicides have seasonal demand due to the fact that weeds flourish In damp, warm weather and die in cold spells. Bio-pesticides: Bio-pesticides are the new age crop protection product manufactured from natural substance like plants, animals, bacteria and minerals. Bio-pesticides are eco-friendly, easy to use, require lower dosage amounts for same performance as compared to other chemical based pesticides. Bio-pesticides has a small segment however, the bio pesticide market has higher growth potential in the future owing to government support and increasing awareness about use of non-toxic,environment friendly pesticides. Others: Other agrochemicals mainly include Fumigants, nematicides and rodenticides which protect the crops from pest attacks during crop storage. Indian agriculture is on a growth path, with an increase in investments and private funding in the past few years. The sector is expected to grow with better momentum in the next few years, owing to an increase in investment in agricultural infrastructure such as irrigation facilities, warehousing and cold storage. Due to recent closure of many factories in China, potential for Indian manufactures to expand in Export market has grown tremendously. Govt. of India is also aggressively focusing on Agrochemical Sector of India, Govt is phasing out old products and future for new products is quite good. Factors such as reduced transaction costs, time, better port gate management and fiscal incentives will also contribute to this upward trend. Furthermore, the increased use of genetically modified crops is also expected to better the yield of the Indian farmers. Awareness about crop protection is still low in India and the role of agrochemicals in improving farm productivity is grossly undermined as well. Similarly, the importance of using better quality hybrid seeds and organic plant nutrients and micronutrients also remains a neglected area. This provides an immense scope for market expansion. Challenges of Agrochemical Sector in India Despite positive growth outlook, agrochemical industries faces various problems as high raw material cost, increased use of genetically modified seeds, safety and handling of pesticides, high Air and water pollution treatment cost, High R&D cost. Non-genuine pesticides accounts for 20-30% of total pesticides market in developing countries like India which reduces fertility of soil and also harmful for farmers live hold. Government of India has sanctioned new pesticides management bill to reduce use of spurious pesticides. Demand for agrochemical will increase due to increase food grain and horticulture production, export potential, policy support from government to agriculture and allied sector. Bio-pesticides and herbicides segments of pesticides have higher growth potential due to increase in awareness of eco-friendly pesticides and increasing production of horticulture (fruits & vegetables) respectively. For sustainable farming and growth of agrichemical industry should focus on developing bio-degradable molecules and creating more awareness for use of agrochemical products via interactions with farmers retailer and dealers. Agrochemicals are the last and one of the key inputs in agriculture for crop protection and better yield. However, India is facing challenge for using agrochemicals in farming due to lack of awareness of such chemicals among farmers. Production of fertilizer has increased at CAGR 11% from FY15-18 due to increased consumption of fertilizers per hectare currently 165 kg/ha (Source: World Bank Data). Further government of India is providing fertilizers like Urea, DAP, Complex fertilizers in subsidize way which has increased consumption. RISKS AND CONCERNS Despite the strong growth drivers, Indian agrochemicals industry faces challenges in terms of low awareness among large number of end users spread across the geography. Managing inventory and distribution costs is a challenge for the industry players in the wake of volatility in business environment. The performance of the crop protection industry and other agri-inputs is dependent on monsoons, pest and disease incidences on crops. Agrochemical companies face issues due to seasonal nature of demand, unpredictability of pest attacks and high dependence on monsoons. Compliance to growing regulatory norms is a continuing requirement and could lead to delays in obtaining necessary approvals. Changes in guidelines or policies in various geographies may also lead to sudden disruption of business in specified products. Many Agrochemical Companies have foreign exchange exposure either in the form of forex loans or exports and imports. For Companies which operate largely in the domestic arena any major forex movement may affect profitability due to fluctuating import costs. While on the one side input costs could increase, weak monsoons could reduce pricing flexibility, thereby affecting margins. In order to minimize the risk, a comprehensive and integrated risk management framework is followed by the Company. Internal control systems and their adequacy The Company has adequate systems of internal control in place, which is commensurate with its size and the nature of its operations. The company has designed and put in place adequate Standard Operating Procedure and Limits of authority manuals for conduct of its business, including adherence to the companys policies, safeguarding its assets, prevention and detection of fraud and errors, accuracy and completeness of accounting records and timely preparation of reliable financial information.These documents are reviewed and updated on an ongoing basis to improve the internal control systems and operational efficiency. The Company uses a state-of-the art ERP ( Microsoft AX) system to record data for accounting and managing information with adequate security procedure and controls. Company have duly appointed Internal auditor as well as Company has its own in-house Internal Audit Team which keeps checks on every system operating in the Company. Internal auditing is an independent, objective assurance and consulting activity designed to add value and improve Companys operations. It brings a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, Control, and governance processes. Financial performance with respect to operational performance Financial performance For Financial Year 2018-19: a) Revenue from Operations (Net of Excise) increased by 4.49% from 962.63 Crores lacs in 2017-18 to 1,00,5.83 Crores in 2018-19. b) Profit before tax decreased by 7.82% from 167 Crores in 2017- 18 to 153.95 Crores in 2018-19. c) Operating Profit before tax decreased by 11.99% from 151.85 Crores in 2017-18 to 133.64 Crores in 2018-19. d) Net profit decreased by 10.78% from 126.18 Crores in 2017-18 to 112.58 Crores in 2018-19. e) The Company reported an EPS of 23.02 in 2018-19 compared to 25.71 in 2017-18. f) Segment-wise or product-wise performance. \|Insecticides\|\|42.65%\| \|Fungicides\|\|15.53%\| \|Herbicides\|\|28.85%\| \|Others\|\|12.97%\| g) Return on net worth has declined by 239bps and the decline was mainly due to expiry of tax holiday period i.e. u/s 80-IB for our factory situated in Udhampur, J&K and lower PAT. Key Financial Ratios: \|Particular\|\|FY 2018-19\|\|FY 2017-18\| \|Debtor Turnover\|\|21.74%\|\|21.60%\| \|Inventory Turnover\|\|20.56%\|\|21.29%\| \|Interest Coverage Ratio\|\|173\|\|192\| \|Current Ratio\|\|3.64\|\|3.83\| \|Debt Equity Ratio\|\|0.03\|\|0.01\| \|Operating Profit Margin\|\|13.29%\|\|15.77%\| \|Net Profit Margin\|\|11.19%\|\|13.11%\| \|Return on Net worth*\|\|17.53%\|\|19.92%\| There is no Significant Change in any of the Key Ratios of the Company in comparison to previous year. Material developments in Human Resources / Industrial Relations In Dhanuka Employees are like family and from time to time many celebrations are organised for employees. This Year to celebrate Birth Centenary of Late Shri Chiranji Lal Dhanuka ji, founder Chairman of the Company, SAMBANDH events were organised for its employees / stakeholders. Purpose of these events was to make Employees connect with Group Chairman, Mr. Ram Gopal Agarwaland Managing Director, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Dhanuka and to : Bring alive the Values and Principles of the Founders of the Company Building a robust foundation of SAMBANDH between the Organization & the employees/stakeholders of Dhanuka Agritech Limited Increase connect with Corporate and corporate policies through HR Inspire our employees to make Dhanuka a great organisation Drive sustainability to stakeholder relationships Learning and Development of Employees At Dhanuka Employees learning and development is of upmost importance. Dhanuka has separate dedicated team for Learning & Development of Employees, which organizes from time to time many skill development programs and ensures to enhance the potential of employees to the maximum extent. Dhanuka has also been recognized as Great Work Place based upon the assessment conducted by the Great Place to Work Institute, India The Company have engaged many learning partners, Indian as well as multinational organizations who have helped us by sharing the best practices and helping in developing our employees. Outlook Due to very low level of consumption of pesticides in India as compared to Global norms, Indian Agrochemical Industry has very huge potential for Growth. Lack of awareness, non-favourable perception among farmers, increased use of non-genuine pesticides are key reasons of low kg/per hectare consumption of pesticides in India. Production of fertilizers has increased at CAGR 11% from FY15-18 due to increased consumption of fertilizers per hectare currently 165 kg/ha. Further government of India is providing fertilizers like Urea, DAP, Complex fertilizers in subsidize way which has increased consumption. As per FICCI, despite all its achievements, Indian Agriculture is still grappling with challenges like high monsoon dependency, unpredictable weather patterns, reduction in arable land, low per hectare yield, lower farmer incomes etc. After the US, Japan and China, India is the fourth largest producer of agrochemicals. Its valued at $4.1 billion and is expected to grow at 8.3 percent to reach $ 8.1 billion by 2025. Agriculture employs nearly half of Indias workforce and contributes about 17 percent to the nations GDP. The per hectare consumption in India is 0.6 kg as compared to Chinas 17 kg, Japans 12.5 kg, Germanys 3.7 kg, Frances 3.7 kg and UKs 2.8 kg. Therefore, the crops get affected by pests at various stages in the farming value chain including pre-harvest and during harvest. As the productivity is directly hampered due to pests and weeds, it affects the income levels of farmers. It is essential to protect not only the crop but also the produce as on an average 25% of the yield is destroyed during storage and transportation .( Source: Business today ) As per the India Meteorological Department (IMD), 2018 was the sixth warmest year on record in India with patchy monsoon and average temperature being significantly above normal. The rainfall during the annual monsoon season was less than the original forecast at 91% of the long-term average. Nearly 50% of Indias cultivable farm area is dependent on the monsoon, making it lifeline of the countrys rural economy and agriculture sector. However, most major crops producing states witnessed normal monsoon rainfall, hence the production of food grains for FY 2018-19 is higher. Globally, analysts and agencies have a consensus that Indian economy will continue to outperform amidst global gloom, albeit at a slower pace. As per the International Monetory Fund(IMF), the Indian economy is likely to accelerate moderately and grow by 7.3% in FY 2019-20 compared to its earlier projection of 7.5%. To support the growth momentum, the Reserve Bank of India is taking the necessary steps to maintain financial stability and to facilitate enabling conditions for sustainable and robust growth. It has already taken back-to-back rate cuts of 25 basis points, resulting in repo rate declining to 6%. Dhanukas Overview Leading to commercialization of farms, new technology arrived in agriculture exposing farming system to external economics and technically intensive crop solutions. The increased demand and competition raised the importance of crop solutions reach and availability. Connecting to channel and working on the undisputed supply of crop solution has become the priority for the developing agriculture industry. Offering of crop centric customized products to farmers without compromising the quality makes supply chain much more important. In India the awareness on usage techniques of agrochemicals is very low, this requires continuous guidance on application methods and quality supply of products by the companies. Channel and distributors work closely with the farmer, their expertise on providing education to todays farmer can make them tomorrows leader. Its high time to introduce technology driven services to farmers at affordable cost, generating higher income & bringing prosperity in their lives. Channel & distributors are the intermediate linkage for transferring technology to farmers. In conventional business model, companies have to take and understand struggles of both farmers and channels. Dhanuka Agritech Ltd. is dedicated towards building strong relationship with all its channel partners and stakeholders. We are aggressively working towards the goal of Transforming India through Agriculture by initiatives like doubling farmers income. Our latest innovative sales process guides the farmers effectively on our Crop solutions through our channel partners and a dedicated team. It also ensures smooth reach of products to farmers with readily available stock on demand as per the latest market scenario. Issues like inventory cost, blockage of fund and uncertain demand & supply are being managed by this new age sales process, Kohinoor. It also offers automatic order processing and complete availability of product in real time.	https://www.indiainfoline.com/company/dhanuka-agritech-ltd/management-discussions/1774
Marketing management when comes to us we give a major focus on the goal to satisfy our clients to the extent that the next client is always attracted towards us automatically. We have a business discipline which is focused on the practical application of marketing techniques and the management of a firms marketing resources and activities and an integral part of a firms marketing strategy. The integral strategy is that Marketing managers are often responsible for influencing the level, timing, and composition of customer demand accepted definition of the term. Marketing management employs various tools from economics and competitive strategy to analyze the industry context in which the firm operates. And we provide free of cost website setup to the clients. And we also provide a full time long lasting service to the clients after the delivery of the product to them. Marketing management means all process that included in marketing activities, which is planning and executing the conception of pricing, promotion, and distribution of a product. A good marketing is triggered by very careful planning and implementation of the most up-to-date methods and tactics. We focus on the marketing objectives that is decided by analyzing the market outside and evaluating our product comparatively and we have a well built software to satisfy our customers’ demands and we go beyond over their demands. We have a good staff community and a very healthy growing coordination among the members. The HR is all responsible to give the direction and control the flow of the staffs that reach to the clients and become an intermediate between the clients and us.	http://usinfomedia.com/marketing_management_team.aspx
Patrick Lowenthal, Ph.D. Advisor Lida Uribe-Florez, Ph.D. Advisor Yu-Hui Ching, Ph.D. Abstract Online learning is growing. As such, institutions want to grow programs, while ensuring quality. Part of ensuring quality in online courses is ensuring that there is regular and substantive interaction (RSI) between students and instructors. Discussion boards are often used in online courses as a way to promote social exchange, interaction, and the discussion of course concepts. Therefore, discussion board activity can provide a glimpse into the RSI that occur between students and instructors. Until recently, data from learning management systems was difficult to access and analyze. However, advances in technology and an increased interest in learning analytics provides researchers and institutions with billions of data points about student and instructor activity within a learning management system (LMS). This study used LMS data to explore the frequency of interaction between instructors and students in discussion boards in online courses at one institution. 415 courses were selected for the study, spanning two semesters. Results from the study found that the average number of posts by an instructor was 32.9. The average instructor interaction was 1.49 instructor posts per student. 23% of courses had no instructor posts. Student posts averaged 470 per course and the average posts per student was 19.9. Based on the discussion board activity, the most discussion interaction occurred during the first two weeks of the semester. Results suggested that there is no relationship between student satisfaction and the number of total posts in a course. DOI 10.18122/td/1674/boisestate Recommended Citation Gasell, Crystal, "Measuring Faculty-Student Interaction in Online Courses Using Asynchronous Discussion Boards: A Campus-Wide Analysis" (2020). Boise State University Theses and Dissertations. 1674.	https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/1674/
With the majority of her work focusing on portraits or the animal kingdom, Michelle begins each canvas with no preconceived idea, letting the image suggest itself over time. Layers are composed using free brush strokes, stamping and stencilling. Transparency allows these background layers to come to the forefront, and this challenge’s existing ideas about how an artwork progresses. Her process is playful and constantly evolving. There is a conscious intent to move away from perfectionism. Michelle builds up layers in her work by painting freely and spontaneously, often using her fingers to apply the paint and letting the colours run and move. Colour plays a central role in all of her work, with combinations emerging instinctively. The colour in her artworks is bold and almost audible in its intensity. At the core of her creative process is the need to create beauty. Michelle hopes that depicting the beauty of the natural world will bring happiness and healing to the viewer; an antidote of sorts for the negativity in the world.	https://www.yallingupgalleries.com.au/products/baby-sea-turtle
Most people has heard the saying “Write what you know. “Personal plot essays allow you to take these tips to the extreme, since the issue of one of these essays is to write about your own experience. It does not necessarily mean that you have to have something earth-shattering or epic to write approximately; however, it also doesn’t suggest that you should create a work of fiction loosely based on a tale from your life. It doesn’t are that hard or this truth is, any essay approximately your everyday life or ones ordinary past can be a excellent personal narrative essay, if you write it well. Use natural language, but keep it polished simply by staying away from slang or vocabulary. As you write the dissertation, imagine that you are telling ones own story to your grandmother, and that she has never heard it before. Your language must sound natural and normal, and anyone should be able to realise you’re saying. If you find yourself stuck, and you are not familiar with what to write about or ways to decide which details to incorporate in your narrative, remember that any sort of essay must have a main concept, or a theme. In a your own narrative essay, you might write about an experience that taught people something, an experience that open your eyes to some thing new, or a particularly terrific time or if you are offered an essay prompt, get that topic and find an item relating to it that is extremely important to, tell the story to your experience, and try to show the reader why that particular thing is important, and so why it matters to you. There are a selection of ways that a personal experience could be important, and they any longer ! be historic or massive. If you care about something since the device was surprising, sad, instructional or short-lived, that is more than enough. One of the great things about writing a particular narrative essay is the undeniable fact that you — and the what are important to you — usually are enough. So as to write a great personal plot essay or college essay, especially if you are writing a particular for the first time, remember that producing it is a learning experience. You will need to do things differently, together with think about things differently, even though writing this kind of essay. So, when you are facing the task of writing a particular narrative essay example, do not panic. Don’t stare at the blank page and care about how much of it you have to plug. Once you have found something that you care about enough to write regarding this, the blank space will fill itself. Instead, give attention to writing about something that matters for you, and explaining to the subscriber how you felt, what materialized, and why it is so important. Be yourself and include adequate details to make the activities real, but don’t seek to tack on words and also ideas that you wouldn’t typically you remember these things, you can turn an event from your standard, real life into a beautiful dissertation. If they discover a big word that you have used just for the sake of using a big word, what’s going stick in the reader’s intellect is your error, not this story you were trying to explain to. So, when you write an individual narrative essay, don’t search for a special effort to use large words, include more adjectives, or use artful metaphors. Only include those facts that actually shed light on the idea you will be trying to express, or the personal story that you are trying to tell. So, whatever event and also experience you are relating within the essay, do not leave the idea in bland, choppy sentences, like “I woke all the way up. I got dressed. I went to school. I went to category. ” Details tell this reader who you are, and they also make the essay much easier to read. Don’t just say that you woke up; instead, tell the reader how i were feeling when the burglar went off, and that most people hit the snooze switch a few times. Every bit of depth that you add to your essay creates depth and attraction. Your inner world of thoughts and feelings can be just as important to the essay as the actual events that happened, so make sure that you don’t abandon it out. In that same exact vein, remember that anyone are able to read your essay and have absolutely it make sense. Do not imagine that the reader already is aware of you, in any way. Assume that this reader knows nothing about you or about the report you want to tell. If you extremely grasp this idea, you will come across the importance of including characteristic in your writing. In a personalized narrative essay, details are specifically important. They make this difference between a simple list of events, and a personal narrative. First — and most obvious — is the fact that you can use personalized pronouns, such as “I, inch “me, ” “we, inches etc. Although these pronouns are not supposed to be used the majority formal essays, it is expected that you will use them to recount your own experience. Do not make an attempt to keep your language or pronoun use overly formal if you end up writing a personal narrative, if you do, the entire thing will sound stilted and weird. Now, some word of caution is a good idea. Sometimes, when given your suggestion to include details and also to describe everything carefully, a few writers will go overboard. For instance, student writers may include overly long lists of adjectives in their descriptions of trivial things, they may try to use analogies or comparisons which were grandiose or inappropriate, and also they may use large vocabulary words incorrectly. The problem is that these excesses get in the way of an reader who is trying to have an understanding of your essay or stick to your story.	http://belizeamericanunity.com/?p=617
Meningitis is the inflammation of the protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. The inflammation can be caused by infection associated with viruses, bacteria or other microorganisms. Meningitis can be life threatening due to the proximity to the brain and spinal cord. In children it can be especially serious because small children often dont exhibit the same symptoms as adults, but may be irritable and listless. Infants often exhibit signs with bulging of the soft spot, other symptoms may include leg pain, cold extremities and abnormal skin color. JBR Clinical Research is performing a clinical trial to test the effectiveness of a meningitis vaccine to prevent the infection in 2 month old infants. Pediatric Meningitis Basic Qualifications - 2 month old infants (55-89 days old) - Boy or Girl - Be a full term baby (37+ weeks) - >5.5lbs at birth - Parental Consent - Ability to complete study Qualified participants may receive: - Health care related to the study - No cost vaccination - Compensation up to $550 for time and travel related to the study Location For Study Visits:	https://cenexelresearch.com/jbr/pediatric-meningitis/
A site of pilgrimage since medieval times, Lough Derg is associated with many Irish Saints, including Patrick and Brigid, whose cross from an ancient carved stone on the island is incised on this font. Water forms an important part of the pilgrimage, which involves a crossing by boat. An original design carved by Kathleen Smyth based on an ancient carving at Lough Derg, hand poured using pure bronze before being carefully polished.	https://www.stpatrickscathedral.shop/product-page/lough-derg-holy-water-font
Recently, my teenage daughter got her first “real” job as a dog washer at a pet store. She has been deliriously happy with the job and has worked very conscientiously at it (as far as I can tell). However, last weekend, she was reprimanded by her manager. A customer complained about two dogs she had washed saying they had never looked so terrible. The manager told her she needed to do better and take her job more seriously. My daughter was very upset. She says she has no idea how she could improve because nobody looks over the dogs after she finishes washing them to give her feedback. After giving her a hug and telling her that first jobs are about learning, I suggested she find a way to talk to the manager and ask for help in doing the job better. Of course, at 17, this sounds just IMPOSSIBLE. All she wants to do now is avoid the manager. However, I’d like to help her figure out a way to address this and learn—not just for this job, but for her life in general. Any advice? Let’s begin with the principle of stewardship. It is the duty of anyone who is responsible for another person’s performance to give frequent and specific feedback. And likewise, every person who reports to a manager has the right to receive regular and frequent feedback regarding their performance. This is a good starting point for your daughter. She should understand that requesting feedback from her boss is neither unusual nor out-of-bounds. In fact, making the request for feedback is being both reasonable and responsible. She has no reason to be embarrassed or apologetic—even if she is a teenager making this request from an adult. So, how should she begin? Though not always necessary, asking for permission to discuss her request will demonstrate respect for her boss. For example: “Excuse me, Mrs. Taylor, could I talk to you about my job? Is now a good time?” If it’s not a good time, ask the manager when a good time would be and set an appointment. If this is a good time, suggest a place to talk where you won’t have an audience and then continue. Share your good intentions. Your daughter should begin by disclosing her motive and aspiration or, in other words, by sharing her good intentions. This simple skill not only sets the agenda for the crucial conversation, it also creates mutual purpose and helps make it safe for both parties. She should simply share what she really wants regarding her work. Have her try something like: “Mrs. Taylor, I love working here at Pet Groomers and I want to do the best job I can possibly do. I want you to be pleased with my work and I want our customers to be happy with how I serve them.” This statement certainly identifies a purpose the boss cares about—quality customer service. As she works to incorporate helpful feedback, she should invite the boss to evaluate her washing job for the next several days—allowing her to easily analyze and adjust. This helps assure that her efforts to improve are paying off and that the boss will see improvement. To build your daughter’s ability to do well and boost her confidence, I would recommend role playing. Play with the script. Find the words that are comfortable and natural. Practice responding to the different directions the conversation might realistically take. Utilizing these skills and approach will help your daughter be more successful in her first job. However, when polished, these skills will also become lifelong skills that will help her in her future career and relationships.	https://www.vitalsmarts.com/crucialskills/2008/11/requesting-performance-feedback/
Peter Potter, director of publishing strategy for the University Libraries at Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, was appointed by the Association of Research Libraries as visiting program officer to advance TOME (Toward an Open Monograph Ecosystem). LJ: How does the TOME model work? Peter Potter: TOME is an initiative to create a system whereby academic books can be made available open access. It’s an attempt to create, from the bottom up, a group of institutions and presses working together to ensure that payment is made on the front end of publication, rather than publishers having to rely on sales income. At the moment we have over 70 participating university presses, [and] 13 participating universities. The press gets the up-front money. If a press is participating, they’re agreeing to publish this book in an open access format. That doesn’t prevent them from turning around and selling the book, which they can do. If there are print sales or ebook sales that they can generate, they should continue doing that. Contribution from a university is a minimum of $15,000 per monograph. We figured that after this five-year pilot we would come back and revisit that amount to find out if that is actually enough to make this worthwhile for presses. We understand the $15,000 is less than what it typically costs to produce a monograph—Mellon did a study a few years ago in which they said it’s actually well over $20,000. But the idea is by making a book open access you’re not cutting off sale possibilities. The $15,000 jump-starts the book’s availability, it enables the press to go ahead and publish the book [in print format], and then they will see sales that will supplement that. One of the things that’s important is that these are university press peer-reviewed books. We want it to be clear to provosts and department heads and deans that these are not second class books—they are books that a university press would have published anyway on the basis of quality. We didn’t want the sales potential of the book to get in the way of that. Sometimes decisions get made for a monograph based upon “we don’t think we can sell enough copies,” and this is a way to try to address that problem on the front end. This approach of essentially paying upfront for the book has worked quite successfully for nearly a decade for CALI eLangdell Press. eLangdell Press books are distributed freely with a Creative Commons license that allows faculty to remix the work to tailor it to their course needs. CALI eLangdell currently offers over 30 casebooks and supplements in over a dozen areas of the law. DUring the Fall 2018 semester eLangdell titles were downloaded over 12,000 times, providing law students with over $1,500,000.00 in value. This is the first article to provide empirical data on the effectiveness of distance education in law schools since the ABA this summer approved increasing the total number of credits that law students could earn through online classes from 15 to 30. Our data, composed of law student surveys and focus groups, reveal not only the success of distance education in their experience, but also the methods that are most effective for them. This article is important for 2 reasons. First, it provides an excellent survey of the state of online education in American law schools including information on what schools are providing online courses (hint: lots) and how those courses are being taught. Second, it provides solid empirical evidence of the success of online classes in an ABA accredited law school with the course being taught within the scope of the accreditation rules. This is a must read for law school Deans, faculty, librarians, and technologists. The press release offers no details on the platform though it doesn’t appear to be Pressbooks, already a leader in the OER space. It’s hard out there for an independent law school. The number of law campuses that aren’t attached to larger universities is slowly dwindling amid closures and mergers, and several stand-alone campuses are fighting for survival. The seven-year downturn in legal education, which appears to be coming to an end, hit independent law schools especially hard because they can’t tap into university funds to tide them over in lean times. Many independent law schools also experienced sharper enrollment declines than their university-affiliated counterparts. A large-scale study at the University of Georgia has found that college students provided with free course materials at the beginning of a class get significantly better academic results than those that do not. The Georgia study, published this week, compared the final grades of students enrolled in eight large undergraduate courses between 2010 and 2016. Each of these courses was taught by a professor who switched from a commercial textbook costing $100 or more to a free digital textbook, or open educational resource, at some point during that six-year period. This sort of study needs to be done at the post graduate level. I’m not surprised by the results since providing OER helps reduce the cost of education, and lowers the stress of having to pay for books out of a limited budget. This is the text of my very first CALIcon presentation back in 1996. 1996 was the second CALI Conference I attended. I’ve been on the agenda, one way or another, every year since. For the curious, yes, I did convince my boss, the Director of the Law Library, to let me switch out Program Manager in favor of an early version of the Netscape browser as the default shell for Windows on law library PCs. It worked pretty well and gave us a high degree of control not only over the desktop but also over web browsing. It was all dismantled shortly after I left Syracuse in late 1996. This paper provides a behind the scenes look at the development of the H. Douglas Barclay Law Library Intranet at the Syracuse University College of Law. The intranet applications discussed here are in various stages of development. Intranet development began at the Barclay Law Library in August of 1995 and is ongoing. This paper will examine the process of intranet planning, the current state of development and plans for the future. The Barclay Law Library began developing internet resources in May of 1994. Using the internet as a medium for the delivery of information resources fit within the library’s goal of using technology to enhance access to information. Initial efforts focused on creating a basic website and placing some library materials on the site. As the website grew through early 1995, it became apparent that internet development required a serious commitment of resources. Once information was identified for addition to the website it needed to be marked up, integrated, and maintained. Due to the time involved in setting up and maintaining internet resources, it did not seem cost effective to allocate the resources necessary to develop large web based collections. However, the ability to use a web browser program to access a diverse body of information seemed to show some promise if it could be harnessed for internal purposes. Thus, the concept of the Barclay Law Library Intranet was born in July of 1995. The ability of the World Wide Web (WWW) to provide a common access point through a web browser to information regardless of format is the thing that makes intranet development worthwhile. Using the intranet capabilities of the WWW, the paperless office suddenly becomes a possibility. Putting all of the forms and manuals used everyday in the library on-line and providing everyone easy access to the information seemed worthwhile. The law library would use the skills and resources developed in internet development to create an intranet, and internal website that would provide the staff with access to local and distant networked resources. In developing intranet applications for the law library the following goals were identified by the library administration. All procedure manuals will be converted to web documents. The library staff makes extensive use of various procedure manuals that have been assembled in looseleaf binders. For example, the catalogers use a manual that guides them in cataloging resources. All employee job manuals will be converted to web documents. Every staff position has a job manual that outlines the duties and responsibilities of the position. These include frequent cross reference to procedure manuals. All internal forms will be converted to web forms. These include work related forms, such as a request for time off form and public service forms such as interlibrary loan (ILL) request forms. All future documents will be created ‘web-ready’. This will allow all new documents to be quickly added to the intranet. All employees will learn basic HTML to create web documents. This will be done using MS Word and the Internet Assistant. A mechanism will be created that will allow for ‘user friendly’ addition of documents to the site. A system is under development that will allow users to save HTML documents to a specified directory on our Novell LAN and the files will then be added to the website automatically. A ‘discussion area’ will be created to allow for staff discussion and announcements. This is essentially a BBS style message area that will allow for threaded discussions and the posting of general information. A web based calendar system will be developed that will replace our paper-based staff calendar. This system is in final beta test. Staff members have access to a web based calendar that displays all of the information that is usually written on the paper-based staff calendar such as vacation time, meeting times, etc. Unique homepages for each department. These pages give each library department customized access to the information and resources which they need. The goals will be fully implemented by September of 1997. The system is currently in a prototype stage. A new web support position will be filled this summer and full scale development will proceed in the fall. Staff service items such as the calendar system and forms will be added first. Any new documents created by the library staff will be added as created. Legacy documents such as procedure manuals and job manuals will be phased in over the next year. When fully implemented each department in the library will be responsible for their own departmental site. A key feature of the Law Library intranet is its ability to determine which machine is requesting information and then respond with a page designated for that machine. This is accomplished by screening the IP addresses of clients requesting http://www.law.syr.edu/index.html from the server. The IP addresses of requesting clients are evaluated by select.pl, a PERL script. Based upon the IP address, the server sends a designated page which the client sees as the homepage. Currently IP address evaluation enables the server to match requesting clients with specific user groups (cluster users, library staff, faculty, etc.) who were identified by examining use of the College of Law LAN. This allows the site to serve a homepage tailored to the specific group. The idea behind developing this system is that is impossible to develop one page that will server the needs of a highly diversified groups of users. The following homepages are currently available. The website for the Bibliographic Services Department of the Law Library was the first part of the Law Library Intranet to be developed. This site is currently under development. It utilizes frames technology as implemented by Netscape 2.0 to provide staff members with access to internet/intranet based resources and networked applications. Users can surf the net in one frame while the other provides continuous access to network applications. The users of this site have provided considerable input about its functionality, layout, and content. The site also provides staff members with access to a central core of information including employee directories, useful forms, and other sites used in their daily work. Users also have access to a ‘surfboard’, allowing them to access any URL, and their own bookmarks. All of this occurs within the frames setting. W3launch is another a unique aspect of the site. This program allows users to launch applications from with in a web browser. It acts as a ‘helper application’, launching selected applications via specially scripted commands. As the intranet concept developed at the law library one of the first possibilities explored was placing the staff calendar on the Web. Like many other places, the library has a large, paper, blotter-style calendar that is kept in a common area. The calendar is used to record staff time off, who is out sick, who is out of the building at meetings, etc. It is an effective method for tracking this type of information. The problem is that all employees go to the actual calendar to read or record the information. Putting this information on a website seemed like a good idea, if it could be done simply enough. We started with a groupware calendar package developed by Selena Sol. This package was modified to simplify it and make it easier to use. As implemented, the calendar allows the user to view a month, to get a detailed view of a specific day, and to add and delete items. The law library’s staff time off form is integrated with the calendar package to allow for the automatic posting of time off requests to the calendar. In using this calendar, the aim is for simplicity. The system is not designed to be a group scheduling calendar. The purpose of the calendar is to provide an online equivalent of the blotter calendar. The calendar is in final beta testing now. Several of the identified goals of the Barclay Law Library Intranet project deal with bringing web publishing into the mainstream of the law library’s work flow. All members of the staff will learn basic HTML, all library documents will be web ready when produced, and an automated system will add the staff’s work to the website. This will be accomplished using off the shelf components such as MS Word and Internet Assistant, Netscape Navigator 2.0, Novell Netware, and Linux. Staff members will use MS Word to create all documents. The library has committed to adopting MS Word as its preferred word processor by September 1996. While in Word, staff members will use Internet Assistant to create basic HMTL documents. Library staff members are slated to receive training in the use of Internet Assistant in the Fall of 1996. HTML documents will include META information indicating where the document is to be placed on the site. HTML documents will be saved on a common drive on the library’s Novell LAN. This provides a place common to all users which can become a repository for HTML documents. The HTML directory is mounted on the machine running the webserver as part of the web document tree. This makes all documents on the Novell disk in that directory visible to the WWW. PERL scripts will be used to generate index.htm files and move files to other locations on the site as indicated by the META information contained in the HTML document. Issues of document location are still to be resolved. Most likely, documents subject to frequent changes or updates will remain on the Novell server where the staff can update them and more permanent documents will be integrated into the site. Early feedback on the Barclay Law Library Intranet indicates that it will be a useful tool in the library. A well designed intranet will increase a users access to useful and necessary information, increasing productivity. The law library has committed itself to following this path. The intranet will further the library’s goal of using technology to enhance access to information . The technology developed for the site will be used to enhance access to information throughout the College of Law. Faculty and their secretaries will be given training in the use of the system that will allow them to place materials directly on the site, allowing students to have easier access to materials such as exams, syllabi, and course assignments. The future of intranets is bright at the Barclay Law Library and the Syracuse University College of Law. Legislators rewrite bill that originally required use of freely accessible educational materials, amid criticism that legislation would have infringed academic freedom and harmed, not helped, the open-access movement. The bill would have required use of OER at no cost to students but didn’t include funding for creation of open materials or consider whether or not OER is appropriate in every situation. Syracuse University College of Law’s Online J.D. program is the first real-time, ABA-approved online juris doctor program in the United States. Syracuse Law is my alma mater, and they’ve been working hard to get this waiver. This is a great step forward for legal education as it finally gets a much needed blast of innovation.	https://www.symphora.com/?cat=301
since we can control settings values using snap set and retrieve change using snapctl, sometimes it is required to restart the service for changes to take effect. If snapped application does not have this already built in, there is very little one can do, as systemctl is not accessible from within snap. This could be easily address by extending snapctl to provide start/stop/restart options for applications defined by the snap. Internally this would likely be wired back to systemctl call While we can define some level of automation here (e.g. define settings values triggering service restart in snapcraft.yaml), it’s important to support manual option first, no matter how we define automatic option there will be always case which will not be addressed… Today snapctl only supports set/get and that is about configs and plug/slot attributes. Instead of opening the gates here with a fully generic ability to randomly start stop services with snapctl, we should instead have an automated restart function built into the snapctl backend and provide a mapping of elements (i.e. config variables) to this … We could. have a separate .yaml file or some config in snap.yaml or snapcraft,yaml where you can bind config/hook elements to automated restarts. So that a “snapctl set foo” will simply automatically restart the defined/mapped service. This gives far more security control to the backend than randomly allow snapctl full systemctl abilities and thus pretty much full OS control. There is no way to call snapctl directly today, you can only execute it from a hook (unless that changed recently), so there should always be a binding possible to some of the hook elements. For actual admin interaction we already have “snap start/stop/restart” implemented. There are different ways to implement this and it is true that we cannot gives snaps access to systemctl without giving them device ownership, but I interpreted @ondra’s request as: allow snaps the ability to restart their own daemons, and this could be exposed via snap/snapctl which will talk to the out-of-process snapd. snapd is then in a position to mediate the requested action against the security label of the process running snapctl/snap (ie, via libapparmor) rather than just passing the options straight through to systemctl. This idea would work well on all systems that have partial or full apparmor support, but not on systems with no apparmor support (however, on those systems, snaps can simply use systemctl directly, so no practical difference in terms of security today). We already have service management in “snap” and since snapctl will only operate inside hooks proxied through “snap set/get” i dont see why snapctl itself needs full systemctl capabilities beyond automatically restarting a service if a config option changes via get/set. Instead of requiring the developer to explicitly add “snapctl stop … process variable change … snapctl start” in the hook it would be way cooler if the service restart happens automagically if the var changes without having the developer to explicitly add such stop start commands. I agree with @jdstrand here, my understanding of @ondra’s request was the same, i.e. give snaps the ability to control (restart) own services only. The idea of making this automated based on some mappings may look tempting, but I think it would only work for simple cases and not for more sophisticated scenarios where restarts need to actually be guarded by some logic; therefore I think “manual” control via snapctl is more useful. @ondra That’s planned and in fact most of the work has landed already with the implementation of snap start/stop/restart. @pstolowski Do you want to push forward the implementation of the snapctl side? Should be relatively quick since most of the internal details have been nailed already. @niemeyer I’m happy to take it, but from the conversations we had on IRC earlier this morning it seemed that @chipaca is going to implement exactly this for snapctl side. John, can you clarify? snapctl @pstolowski Right, exactly. As I said above it was already planned and most of the work has landed. @chipaca has quite a few things on his plate, so the point was that if you want to push it forward sooner, that sounds reasonable too. Naturally, talk to him so we don’t have the same thing done twice. yes, it sounded like @chipaca could take care of this just to add, we chatted on IRC and @pstolowski is taking this Correct, just convenient way to control own daemons This is currently in progress. a PR should be up for a review soon. PR: https://github.com/snapcore/snapd/pull/3852/ I believe that “snaps” have a promising future as a clear and easy way of packaging. Unfortunately, at my workstation (Ubuntu 16.04) few snaps work because my user belongs to Active Directory and snaps are unable to communicate with the SSSD service. That is discussed in the thread below i think… After more testing with this, I realise to take full advantage of this feature, can we add also enable and disable options? I’ve came across snap, with optional service, which should be run based on configuration. Rather that start stop it from service based on settings, configure hook would be ablate to enable/disable it based on settings? Also can I even call snapctl stop from service itself, or this is only permitted from configure hook? As with this restriction I’d not be even able to stop service in easy way. Unless calling snapctl set stopme=now and stopping service from configure hook @ondra The service-related commands in snapctl work from any place inside the snap, not just the configure hook. You can also enable/disable by using the options –enable and –disable for the start and stop commands, respectively. @niemeyer sweet, that should should address the use case. I will look more into –enable and –disable for the start and stop commands. it definitely looks like something I want to use more thanks Are there any examples of start/stop/restart daemons by the daemon? DISREGARD just use systemctl to restart your daemon service named as per /etc/systemd/system eg:	https://forum.snapcraft.io/t/support-for-snapctl-stop-start-restart-services/1908
Access to DNA mapping sparked a revolution that forever changed the arc of medicine. It set in motion the scientific journey of top genetic doctors and researchers, rare disease patients and family advocates rallying to create and implement a breakthrough genetic therapy, Spinraza. After a lifetime of research, new treatments are healing the human genome in revolutionary ways. Deepening the viewer’s understanding of life and death, The Genetics of Hope explores the complex reality of defying genetic fate and what a cure could mean for the world.	http://craynovick.com/index.php/projects/uncategorized/genetics-of-hope/
In May 2021, we reported on the launch of a new digital magazine, Global Industry Focus, launched by the same team behind What’s New in Electronics (WNIE) online. So we were delighted to hear the news that the first issue of the new publication will be live at the end of September 2021. As a bi-monthly publication, the magazine will explore new ways of connecting with its audience and readers, by evolving static editorial content and presenting it in a more engaging way. The publication will be a fully optimised digital magazine offering readers an in-depth look at companies, their people, and their unique journeys across the whole electronics sector. The magazine will be printed only for major trade shows to save on paper and postage. Featuring guest editors from across the electronics world, Global Industry Focus will provide regular updates from industry associations and trade bodies, via news, technical articles and opinion pieces. Kirsty Hazlewood, WNIE content creator and Global Industry Focus editor commented: “Global Industry Focus is a new digital magazine that will offer a functional and immersive editorial experience for our audience. We’re looking forward to bringing our readers extensive coverage of the whole electronics and off-board industries using a new immersive and enhanced approach.” We look forward to seeing the first issue of Global Industry Focus, and the direction the editorial team has taken.	https://www.napierb2b.com/2021/09/global-industry-focus-magazine-announces-first-issue/
The overarching purpose of research and writing is to make sense of the world in which we live. After all, how can we judge situations (personal, professional, political, etc.) and make wise choices without increasing our understanding of the complexities that we encounter? These complexities often appear black and white when only superficially considered; however, when we research particular contexts and examine specific details, we generally find that there is much more to them than we expected. Then, we exercise judgment about situations as we construct thesis statements, develop main points, and integrate research. Instructions Keep this overarching purpose of research and writing in mind as you approach the third essay. Unlike the previous essays, this one will allow you to select your area of research. This research should expand your understanding of a question/area of knowledge while also prompting you to take a position on it. Below are a number of research questions from which you may choose; however, you may focus on a question not included as well -- just run it by me for approval before you begin. Though you may have an initial answer to your question, remember that research should shape your understanding. In other words, do not simply look for bits of information that support your argument. Rather, as you respond [using one of the approaches from chapter 4 of They Say/I Say], make connections between arguments and counterarguments within the debate; remain objective and academic in tone. Keep in mind that a strong and arguable thesis is essential and should serve to keep the body of the essay focused. Lastly, please consider your audience, which is comprised of your peers and your professor -- if something is likely obvious to a relatively educated individual, do not focus on it. Name Professor Subject Date The Gaokao Examination Affect Introduction In all societies around the world, education is a key component that enhances social and economic development as well as ensures stability and equality. Governments spend huge resources to facilitate access to affordable education opportunities for their populations despite many difficulties and diverse demands from those individuals seeking education. Public education systems face major financial challenges in maintenance and expansion of education reforms in spite of education being an individual investment. Students seeking high quality education habitually do not have a high regard for the public education system and consequently search for alternative education resources and schools that are private in nature. Private education aims to bridge a gap created by the incapacity of public education systems to offer quality education. Besides guaranteeing students better performance and improved outcomes, it also provide supplementary tutoring privately. Students in China can access private tutoring right from elementary level to higher levels of education and with progressively competitive education systems, private tutoring is a popular option for many students and their families for a number of reasons including the one child policy which eliminates the gender difference in education requirements, increased disposable income which enables families to invest on their children, the desire to get high scores on National College Entrance Examinations (NCEE) which is commonly known as Gaokao. Colleges and universities in China admit students based on Gaokao performance and it’s the single most important examination that determines a student’s career path which will inform their social mobility for the rest of their lives. In China the Gaokao is a determinant for students wishing to get post secondary education opportunities and enables social mobility in China. This paper studies the significance of entrance examinations and private tutoring in China and their impact on student perceptions about learning and life and also seeks to understand the effects of the social inequalities and their impact on students’ Gaokao performance. Education in China The Chinese people understood the value of education from ancient times and presently it is highly regarded both at the family level and within the society at large a fact that determines how an individual is considered in the social strata. The education system consists of five levels composed of preschool, elementary school, lower secondary upper secondary and higher education (Li 3). At the higher education level, there are different institutions that one can join to pursue their preferred majors because there are of two clusters offering a two to three year undergraduate diplomas cluster and a four to five year bachelor’s degrees cluster. Both the elementary and lower secondary education are mandatory through a legal provision but the enrolment levels are always low. Upper secondary education is not compulsory. High school entrance examination is administered through the provincial administration after the completion of the 9th grade and it is called the Zhongkao. As a policy of the government of China, regional administrative units are not allowed to construct and operate privileged schools at both elementary and lower secondary level. Additionally, learning institutions are not permitted to establish honor classes and regular ones although the government provides specific schools for those students who are academically bright as a way of setting standards and as an example to other schools aimed at improving the quality of education (Bai et al., 17). The privileged o... YOU MAY ALSO LIKE Other Topics:	https://essayzoo.org/essay/mla/literature-and-language/gaokao-examination-affect.php
Psychology Expert or Forensic Psychologist. Their objective is to fully evaluate the mental state of the person involved in the judicial process by means of an exhaustive and accurate expert-psychological report in which it issues its professional judgement. For most cases, the party or court experts should confirm the opinion verbally in the court’s presence. What is intended at all times is to contribute to the judicial process a more objective assessment of human behaviour by way of psychological techniques and tools to assist the judge to deliver judgement and / or negotiate any type of legal action. Scope: - Creation of reports - Expert-psychological expert witnesses - Evaluation of personality and mental state - Study of cognitive and volitional capacities - Application of psychological and forensic tests - Care and Custody. Visiting arrangements - Credibility of testimony on sexual abuse - Evaluation of psychological consequences - Occupational disability. Witness memory - Psychological analysis of lower court measures - Trial attendance and confirmation in court - Disability and limitation of the capacity to work - Child Abuse. Bullying in schools - Simulation detection We recommend that you fill out the contact form, an expert consultant will call you personally to provide the information you need and answer your questions without any compromise:	https://www.gp-grup.com/en/legal-experts-in-spain/psychology-experts/
This event occurs when a lower layer indicates that it is ready to carry packets. Typically, this event is used by a modem handling or calling process, or by some other coupling of the PPP link to the physical media, to signal LCP that the link is entering Link Establishment phase. It also can be used by LCP to signal each NCP that the link is entering Network-Layer Protocol phase. That is, the This-Layer-Up action from LCP triggers the Up event in the NCP. This event occurs when a lower layer indicates that it is no longer ready to carry packets. Typically, this event is used by a modem handling or calling process, or by some other coupling of the PPP link to the physical media, to signal LCP that the link is entering Link Dead phase. It also can be used by LCP to signal each NCP that the link is leaving Network-Layer Protocol phase. That is, the This-Layer- Down action from LCP triggers the Down event in the NCP. This event indicates that the link is administratively available for traffic; that is, the network administrator (human or program) has indicated that the link is allowed to be Opened. When this event occurs, and the link is not in the Opened state, the automaton attempts to send configuration packets to the peer. If the automaton is not able to begin configuration (the lower layer is Down, or a previous Close event has not completed), the establishment of the link is automatically delayed. When a Terminate-Request is received, or other events occur which cause the link to become unavailable, the automaton will progress to a state where the link is ready to re-open. No additional administrative intervention is necessary. Experience has shown that users will execute an additional Open command when they want to renegotiate the link. This might indicate that new values are to be negotiated. Since this is not the meaning of the Open event, it is suggested that when an Open user command is executed in the Opened, Closing, Stopping, or Stopped states, the implementation issue a Down event, immediately followed by an Up event. Care must be taken that an intervening Down event cannot occur from another source. The Down followed by an Up will cause an orderly renegotiation of the link, by progressing through the Starting to the Request-Sent state. This will cause the renegotiation of the link, without any harmful side effects. This event indicates that the link is not available for traffic; that is, the network administrator (human or program) has indicated that the link is not allowed to be Opened. When this event occurs, and the link is not in the Closed state, the automaton attempts to terminate the connection. Futher attempts to re-configure the link are denied until a new Open event occurs. When authentication fails, the link SHOULD be terminated, to prevent attack by repetition and denial of service to other users. Since the link is administratively available (by definition), this can be accomplished by simulating a Close event to the LCP, immediately followed by an Open event. Care must be taken that an intervening Close event cannot occur from another source. The Close followed by an Open will cause an orderly termination of the link, by progressing through the Closing to the Stopping state, and the This-Layer-Finished action can disconnect the link. The automaton waits in the Stopped or Starting states for the next connection attempt. This event indicates the expiration of the Restart timer. The Restart timer is used to time responses to Configure-Request and Terminate-Request packets. The TO+ event indicates that the Restart counter continues to be greater than zero, which triggers the corresponding Configure- Request or Terminate-Request packet to be retransmitted. The TO- event indicates that the Restart counter is not greater than zero, and no more packets need to be retransmitted. This event occurs when a Configure-Request packet is received from the peer. The Configure-Request packet indicates the desire to open a connection and may specify Configuration Options. The Configure-Request packet is more fully described in a later section. The RCR+ event indicates that the Configure-Request was acceptable, and triggers the transmission of a corresponding Configure-Ack. The RCR- event indicates that the Configure-Request was unacceptable, and triggers the transmission of a corresponding Configure-Nak or Configure-Reject. These events may occur on a connection which is already in the Opened state. The implementation MUST be prepared to immediately renegotiate the Configuration Options. This event occurs when a valid Configure-Ack packet is received from the peer. The Configure-Ack packet is a positive response to a Configure-Request packet. An out of sequence or otherwise invalid packet is silently discarded. Since the correct packet has already been received before reaching the Ack-Rcvd or Opened states, it is extremely unlikely that another such packet will arrive. As specified, all invalid Ack/Nak/Rej packets are silently discarded, and do not affect the transitions of the automaton. However, it is not impossible that a correctly formed packet will arrive through a coincidentally-timed cross-connection. It is more likely to be the result of an implementation error. At the very least, this occurance SHOULD be logged. This event occurs when a valid Configure-Nak or Configure-Reject packet is received from the peer. The Configure-Nak and Configure-Reject packets are negative responses to a Configure- Request packet. An out of sequence or otherwise invalid packet is silently discarded. Although the Configure-Nak and Configure-Reject cause the same state transition in the automaton, these packets have significantly different effects on the Configuration Options sent in the resulting Configure-Request packet. This event occurs when a Terminate-Request packet is received. The Terminate-Request packet indicates the desire of the peer to close the connection. This event is not identical to the Close event (see above), and does not override the Open commands of the local network administrator. The implementation MUST be prepared to receive a new Configure-Request without network administrator intervention. This event occurs when a Terminate-Ack packet is received from the peer. The Terminate-Ack packet is usually a response to a Terminate-Request packet. The Terminate-Ack packet may also indicate that the peer is in Closed or Stopped states, and serves to re-synchronize the link configuration. This event occurs when an un-interpretable packet is received from the peer. A Code-Reject packet is sent in response. This event occurs when a Code-Reject or a Protocol-Reject packet is received from the peer. The RXJ+ event arises when the rejected value is acceptable, such as a Code-Reject of an extended code, or a Protocol-Reject of a NCP. These are within the scope of normal operation. The implementation MUST stop sending the offending packet type. The RXJ- event arises when the rejected value is catastrophic, such as a Code-Reject of Configure-Request, or a Protocol-Reject of LCP! This event communicates an unrecoverable error that terminates the connection. This event occurs when an Echo-Request, Echo-Reply or Discard- Request packet is received from the peer. The Echo-Reply packet is a response to an Echo-Request packet. There is no reply to an Echo-Reply or Discard-Request packet.	https://www.freesoft.org/CIE/RFC/1661/16.htm
Damian Clavel is a historian of European financial markets and colonialism. This paper provides a case study centred on George Frederic, the king of the Miskitu (in present Honduras and Nicaragua) in the first decades of the 19th century. Putting together scattered archival material found on both sides of the Atlantic reveals how this particular American Indigenous polity sought to finance its political and commercial independence through the London-based capital market. Concentrating on a marginal actor seldom considered by economic historians allows a move away from Eurocentric historiographies, studying early dynamics of financial and commercial globalization. It also sheds light on the global financial influence American Indigenous actors sought to have in a politically and commercially reshaped Atlantic world. Joseph la Hausse de Lalouvière, EHS Tawney Fellow (Harvard University) Enslaving Citizens: The Restoration of Slavery in French Caribbean Empire Joseph la Hausse de Lalouvière is a historian of slavery, law, empire and economic life in the 18th- and 19th-century Atlantic world, with a focus on France and the Caribbean. Joseph’s research analyses the power relations, institutions and social practices that underpinned Atlantic slavery, focusing on the French Caribbean in the era of the Haitian Revolution. France was the first nation to abolish slavery in its Atlantic empire but was also unique in subsequently re-enslaving many of its black citizens. A revolutionary slave uprising in the Caribbean colony of Saint-Domingue (Haiti) prompted France, then also engulfed in revolution, to outlaw slavery throughout its empire in 1794. Yet, as Joseph’s current book project shows, a mounting political reaction against these events enabled colonists in France’s remaining New World territories of Guadeloupe, Martinique and Guiana to force many tens of thousands of free people—French citizens—back into slavery in the service of plantation capitalism. All welcome- this seminar is free to attend, but booking is required. It will be held online with details about how to join the virtual event being circulated via email to registered attendees 24 hours in advance. The event will begin at 2:00pm GMT, but you will be able to join the event's online waiting room from 1:45pm GMT.	https://www.history.ac.uk/events/fellows-seminar-18th-and-19th-century-atlantic-worlds
Chef & owner David Rathgeber - L'Assiette When David Rathgeber was only 18 years old, he decided to leave the Auverne region of France to pursue his culinary career. Luckily, he met Alain Ducasse and started working for him in the ‘Ducasse empire‘. He worked at the Louis XV restaurant in Monaco, the Plaza Athénée in Paris and the Essex House in New York. After years of large-kitchen team effort, he decided it was time for him to focus on his own cooking so he could express his culinary talent to the fullest. In 2006, David became chef de cuisine at Benoit and was rewarded for his work in 2006, when he received his first Michelin star. In 2008, he took over the restaurant of Lulu Rousseau, a mythical place that contributes to the history of Paris. He now owns restaurant L’Assiette, a typical Parisian bistro with acid-etched windows, a beautifully decorated ceiling, marble counters and a semi-open kitchen. At L’Assiette, he finally found the ideal place to express his culinary creativity. Here, he applies everything that he has ever learned; using quality products, focusing on the process of cooking and using seasonal products. David’s cooking style represent simple but tasty and beautifully-designed dishes.	https://tasteofamsterdam.com/chefs/david-rathgeber/?lang=en
MaRS Library Bargaining power of suppliers: Porter’s Five Forces Researching a market? Our free online course Introduction to Market Sizing offers a practical 30-minute primer on market research and calculating market size. The presence of powerful suppliers reduces the profit potential in an industry. Suppliers increase competition within an industry by threatening to raise prices or reduce the quality of goods and services. As a result, they reduce profitability in an industry where companies cannot recover cost increases in their own prices. Porter’s five forces The bargaining power of suppliers comprises one of the five forces that determine the intensity of competition in an industry. The others are barriers to entry, industry rivalry, the threat of substitutes and the bargaining power of buyers. Power of supplier group The following conditions indicate that a supplier group is powerful: - It is dominated by a small number of companies and is more concentrated than the industry to which it sells - It is not required to contend with substitute products for sale in the industry - The industry is not one of the supplier’s important customers - Its products are an important part of the buyer’s business - Its products are differentiated or there are built-up switching costs - It poses a definite threat of forward integration Read next: Industry rivalry and competition: Porter’s five forces References Porter, M. (1998). Competitive Strategy. New York: Free Press. pp. 27-29.	https://learn.marsdd.com/mars-library/bargaining-power-of-suppliers-porters-five-forces/
The winter jasmine, Jasminum nudiflorum, called Yingchun in its native country, China, means “flower that welcomes spring”. This is so termed as the plant blossoms soon after winter. This deciduous shrub is cultivated as an ornamental plant in numerous parts of the world like the United States and France. Reaching almost 10 ft (3.05 m) high, winter jasmine has pinnate dark green leaves, positioned opposite each other, around 3 cm long, that extend from arching slender green shoots, as oval leaflets. The stems terminate in a single, solitary flower with six petals, either, white or bright yellow. The flower is shaped like a star and is aesthetically attractive. Jasminum nudiflorum has a preference for full sunlight but also thrives in partially shady conditions. Usually, it is planted against walls to provide extra shelter and warmth, especially during the winter months. It can grow over low walls, upwards from a bank or trained vertically using a framework and twine. Winter jasmine is propagated via the layering technique and requires pruning as soon as it flowers, to ensure the prevention of bare patches. It is a hardy plant that can be cultured as bonsai and tolerates extensive wiring techniques. Furthermore, it is drought tolerant and largely, pest- and disease-resistant. How long does it take to grow Jasminum nudiflorum Bonsai? With winter jasmine bonsai, you can typically expect its growth to take place within a year or two. It is a stable, non-fastidious plant which is relatively easy to cultivate and grow, due to its adaptive and resilient nature. Before getting into the specifics of how you can plant, grow and care for your winter jasmine bonsai, we’ve put together some important basics. These points emphasize the best conditions and requirements for your winter jasmine bonsai. Timeline Winter jasmine is planted from May to September, during the summer months in the United States. This is encouraged as the plant is in peak form during this period and is tolerant to environmental stressors like insects, pathogens, etc. It continues to grow during the winter months of October to December and, immediately starts flowering in January, until March, during spring. Positioning Experts recommend that Jasminum nudiflorum bonsai be placed outdoors where it can receive a minimum of five hours of sunlight. This is significant as receiving too little sunlight could result in an increase in the leaf size. This increases the chances of susceptibility to pathogens and insects. In addition, full sunlight is required to achieve the maximum blossoming capacity. Furthermore, experts propose that the bonsai should be positioned to protect it from harsh winter winds. Lighting Winter jasmine bonsai prefer full sunlight but also thrive in partially shady conditions. During growth in the summer months, it is suggested that the bonsai be kept in a shady spot. Humidity Humidity is an important aspect of bonsai cultivation. Placing the bonsai outdoors will result in low humidity conditions. To combat this, it has been recommended to place a humidity tray, filled with water, underneath the bonsai’s pot. Moreover, misting the bonsai’s leaves, several times a day, is known to help increase humidity. Finally, moistening the surrounding area, like the floors and walls, could help. Temperature Jasminum nudiflorum bonsai can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. It is known to grow best in the USDA Zones, 6 to 9 as it is a drought-resistant and cold-tolerant shrub. Soil The advantage of winter jasmine is that it will grow in almost any type of soil. It has been reported to tolerate acidic and alkaline soils, with chalky or clay textures. In addition, it is able to proliferate in moist, heavy or well-drained soils. Poor soil, light and sandy soils, etc. support growth of winter jasmine. However, the bonsai should be cultivated in inorganic bonsai soil. Water Jasminum nudiflorum bonsai requires to be watered daily during its growth season. However, during the winter months, a lesser quantity of water is needed. It is important that one should never allow the bonsai’s soil to dry out completely. This would damage its roots and affect it growth and development. Feeding The winter jasmine needs nourishment with a fertilizer, once in every two weeks, from the end of blossoming until the beginning of autumn. This serves to prepare the plant to withstand the cold conditions of the winter months and prepares it for flowering, post-winter. The type of fertilizer depends on the season. Fertilizers with high nitrogen content is used in spring while, contrastingly, a low nitrogen containing fertilizer is used in autumn. A well-balanced fertilizer, containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, is used in summer. Furthermore, it has been recommended to use a fertilizer with high phosphorus content, to encourage flowering of your bonsai. Styles The beauty of bonsai is that you can choose any style that piques your interest. Numerous styles like informal, straight-trunk, upright, broom, cascade, slanting and literati are available. However, the winter jasmine, Jasminum nudiflorum bonsai is often seen in the informal and cascade styles. Styles like broom, literati and straight-trunk is unsuitable for this particular bonsai. How to Plant and Grow Jasminum nudiflorum Bonsai? Cultivating Jasminum nudiflorum bonsai is worthwhile and a great place to start if you are new to the art of bonsai. It is vital to know that there are numerous types of jasmine that can be cultured into bonsai. Types of Jasmine bonsai - Jasminum multiflorum (Downy Jasmine) has white fragrant flowers with eight petals. It is known as the “true” jasmine. This flower is well-known in Indian Mythology, for its pristine whiteness. - Jasminum officinale (Common Jasmine) has fragrant white petals and flowers in summer. It can be exposed to the summer sun but can’t withstand wintery conditions. - Jasminum sambac (Arabian Jasmine) is native of the Indian subcontinent (called Mogra) and the Southeast Asia region. Its aromatic white flowers are used in perfumes and teas. - Murraya paniculata (Orange Jasmine) belongs to the citrus family and has orange-aromatic white flowers. It makes for an attractive indoor flowering bonsai. - Trachelospermum jasminoides (White Jasmine/Star Jasmine) is a favorite in gardens across the globe with the delicate white star shaped petals, positioned on a backdrop of luxurious green leaves. - Wrightia religiosa (Water Jasmine) has tiny, pendulous white flowers with fragrance quite similar to the true jasmine plants. Propagation Propagation of Jasminum nudiflorum bonsai is accomplished through layering or from cuttings. Utilization of the correct type of soil is extremely essential to the health of your bonsai. The entire set-up should provide the bonsai with proper aeration and drainage. This is significant as it prevents water-logging and rotting of the root system. Experts, in the art of bonsai, always recommend that inorganic soil be used. Some examples of this soil include akadama, fired clays, lava rock, pumice and calcite clays. Moreover, the use of fertilizer is equally important. A well-balanced bonsai fertilizer will always contain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Each element in the fertilizer has a specific role to play. Nitrogen encourages stem and leaf growth. Phosphorus serves to increase the development of fruits and/or flowers, including the root system. Potassium enhances growth of the bonsai, in its entirety. Pruning and Wiring Pruning is an essential step in Jasminum nudiflorum bonsai proliferation, as it prevents the formation of bare zones on the plant. It has been suggested to prune out any diseased branches, spindly branches (which are growing in awkward angles), normal healthy branches (to thin out the plant if it is growing too large), etc. The bonsai can survive up to 20% of pruning, sometimes even more! However, pruning is an annual task that must be followed, as soon as the bonsai flowers in January. Re-potting Jasminum nudiflorum bonsai grow luxuriously and require re-potting, once in two years. The ideal time of the year, to perform this, is during autumn. It has been suggested that the utilization of regular bonsai soil mix is sufficient to maintain the health of the plant during this period. How to Care for Your Jasminum nudiflorum Bonsai? The art of bonsai is an elegant and rewarding activity. It brings joy and awe to everyone who pursues it. Caring for your Jasminum nudiflorum bonsai involves a few key tasks. You must ensure that it is planted in the summer months and positioned outdoors. The bonsai should be protected from the direct sunlight during summer and the harsh winds during winter. Jasminum nudiflorum bonsai should have sufficient lighting, to encourage healthy growth and flowering. Humidity can be regulated using a humidity tray, filled with water and placed beneath the pot. The soil must be inorganic and be specific for bonsai cultivation. Aeration and proper drainage is vital for the health of your bonsai. The fertilizer used depends on the time of the year and must be well-balanced with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Water your bonsai regularly to prevent the soil from drying out. With the correct care, your bonsai will proliferate and develop into a healthy and sturdy plant!	https://www.bonsaitreegardener.net/bonsai-trees/species/winter-jasmine
Fotos: Tom Ehrlich : 2020- Afro-Cuban-All-... Giras: Paulito F.G. Reportes: From The St... : Convocatori... Reportes: From The St... : CUBADISCO 2... Giras: Van Van, Los Giras: Havana D'Primera Giras: Emilio Frias "El Niño" y La Ve... Giras: Wil Campa & La Gran Unión Giras: Azúcar Negra Giras: Leoni Torres Giras: Noro y 1ra Clase Grupos: Charanga Habaner... : Músicos - Members Giras: Pedrito Calvo & La Justicia Photos of the Day [hide] SpanishEnglishInterviews & Reviews - XIII Latin Grammy Report Some Reflections about the XIII Latin GRAMMY Awards Congratulations to Cuban-American Jazz legend Arturo Sandoval, who won three Latin GRAMMY awards this year. Two were for Dear Diz (Every Day I Think Of You), which won Best Latin Jazz Album and Best Engineered Album, and one was for Best Tango Album for Tango Como Yo Te Siento. Dear Diz was an outstanding album (you can read our review here), and we certainly cannot argue about whether it deserved the win, but we were a little disappointed that none of the most progressive new Latin Jazz such as Manuel Valera's New Cuban Express found its way to a nomination. Four of the five nominees were albums that were based upon Latin Jazz "standards", and the fifth was a Brasilian Jazz recording. All five are wonderful albums, but we encourage everyone connected with Latin Jazz to start paying closer attention to the exciting new wave of recordings that seem to be escaping the attention of many ears within the industry. You can read our reviews of two of the other CDs that were nominated for Best Latin Jazz Album including Live In Chicago by Chuchito Valdes and Chano y Dizzy! by Poncho Sanchez & Terence Blanchard. Congratulations are also in order to Cuba's Eliades Ochoa for Un Bolero Pari Ti, which won the award in the Best Traditional Tropical Album category, and to Yalil Guerra for Seducción, which won the award in the Best Classical Contemporary Composition category. In October 2011, we wrote that the genre of Timba did not appear to be getting the respect that it deserved from voting members of LARAS (Latin Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences), and that the problem might be due in part to the way in which the categories were structured. (See GRAMMY Grazings: It's Time For Timba, October 23, 2011). Our concern at that time had been that Timba was more or less forced to compete in the same categories as more traditional genres like Salsa. We can't claim credit for what happened afterwards, but in May 2012, LARAS did announce a reorganization of the categories to include Best Salsa Album, Best Contemporary Tropical Album, Best Traditional Tropical Album and Best Tropical Fusion Album. This represents a positive step forward in the process. Most of the Timba entries for this cycle were considered under the Best Contemporary Tropical Album category, although a couple of groups went to the Best Salsa Album Category and the Best Tropical Fusion category. One Timba album, Los Van Van's La Maquinaria, received a nomination for Best Contemporary Tropical Album. (You can read our review of that CD here.) Although there were a few Timba albums that we feel were more deserving of a nomination this year, the nomination of La Maquinaria does put Timba back on the Academy's radar, and for that reason alone, we are optimistic about the future. Best Tropical Fusion is a new category, and it remains to be seen who and what should really be in that category in the future. There is no question that groups like Sergent Garcia and Palo! belong there. Do any Timba bands belong there as well? In our opinion, LARAS appears to have sent a signal that under most circumstances, the Best Contemporary Tropical Album category is usually the new proper home for Timba. However, if Timba is being mixed with other genres in a recording, as is happening with increasing frequency, then this remains a legitimate subject for public discussion, and it may require a couple of years before the "What is Tropical Fusion" question really has a consensus answer. In the meantime, we applaud the Academy for the forward progress already made. The next step for those of us who are involved with Timba is to find ways to assure that the recordings which truly represent the best of our genre reach a larger number of ears in the community that votes for the awards. Finally, we need to say something to all of our friends who are musicians that have participated in a recording: the best way to improve the situations of Latin Jazz and Timba vis a vis the Latin GRAMMYs is to join LARAS if you are eligible and able to do so. There is strength in numbers, but only if you are present to be counted.	http://www.timba.com/report_pages/xiii-latin-grammy-report
Low and high imagers activate networks differentially in mental rotation. Whether mental visual images play a functional role in cognition or that propositional knowledge is sufficient for supporting performance in imagery tasks is a long-standing debate. It cannot be resolved using behavioural data alone, nor by brain imaging data alone; for example, across fMRI studies mental rotation has been shown to involve virtually all areas of the brain. Alternatively participants might adopt different cognitive strategies. We report behavioural and fMRI data for mental rotation from individuals reporting vivid or poor mental imagery. Groups differed in errors but not response times, and differed in brain activation patterns, suggesting that the groups performed the same task in different ways.
Building a multi-stakeholder approach to eradicating GBV Working to eradicate gender-based violence (GBV) is a complex and long-term endeavour. We need collaborative efforts across sectors and governance institutions to understand the history of violence in South Africa and how its gendered nature is exacerbated by the devastating effects of patriarchy. The National Business Initiative’s focus on gender equity looks at this and facilitates platforms for business to meaningfully engage on this critical issue. Bridgette Mdangayi and Khanyisa Nomoyi, both of the NBI, explore the nature of GBV and how the private sector should address it. South Africa has experienced the devastating effects of numerous pandemics, with GBV one of the worst. In 2020, the face of GBV emerged strongly as one of the most urgent social crises in need of collaborative action. While this is not a new pandemic for South Africa, it has been ruthlessly exacerbated by Covid-19. Reports show a significant spike in GBV incidents as of April 2020 and the crisis thus required an urgent approach and thoughtful responses.1 In his Covid-19 update to the nation on 17 June 2020, President Cyril Ramaphosa condemned the brutality against women and children across the country, highlighting GBV as a pandemic just as dangerous as Covid-19. The quest to find innovative ways to address this grievous issue is central to a more equal, inclusive, and cohesive society. Given that businesses operate in society, companies are not immune to the social ills that continue to plague our country, so they should certainly be part of the broader solution. A KPMG study titled ‘Too costly to ignore – the economic impact of gender-based violence in South Africa’ estimated that GBV costs the country over R28 billion a year, amounting to 1% of the gross domestic product.2 These costs are based on a collation of loss of incomes, opportunities, taxes, health, justice, and social service costs. Aside from business revenue losses, the ripple effect of GBV is felt by various social institutions. Health and justice departments do not have the capacity to handle the influx of cases logged in the system. Additionally, a significant amount of labour and time needs to be dedicated to awareness and education on the intricacies of GBV. This groundwork is more often left to underfunded and under- supported non-profit organisations (NPOs) that bear the burden of responding to immediate community needs and crafting plans for long-term support. Due to businesses’ footprint, the private sector plays an important role in supporting these interventions. Interventions cannot be class-tailored under the widely held misconception that violence affects people in lower-income communities. The pervasive nature of GBV has showed that survivors cut across the gender, race, and class spectrums. This means that, through education platforms, it is important to address how men are directly implicated in upholding patriarchy, and the intricacies of how this oppressive system makes it easier for them to navigate different parts of society. Addressing the gendered power dynamics that exist in our society and demanding transparency draws us closer to accountability mechanisms that bring perpetrators to light. Key drivers of GBV GBV, and intimate partner violence in particular, is more prevalent in societies where there is a culture of violence, and where male superiority is treated as the norm. This can manifest in men feeling entitled to women and gender diverse persons, a strict reinforcement of gender roles and hierarchy (and punishment of transgressions), women having low social value and power, and associating masculinity with the control of women and gender diverse persons. These factors interact with other drivers, such as social norms which may be cultural or religious, lack of women’s economic ownership, lack of social support, socioeconomic inequality, and substance abuse, which is sometimes overlooked. In many cultures, men’s violence against women is considered acceptable within certain settings or situations. This social acceptability of violence makes it particularly challenging to address GBV effectively. In South Africa, GBV saturates the political, economic, and social structures of society and is driven by strongly held patriarchal social norms, and complex and intersectional power inequalities, including those of gender, race, class, and sexuality. Understanding intersectionality also means expanding care and support for communities who are affected by GBV. The LGBTQIAP+ community3 is often not addressed in these discussions, despite evidence and research that demonstrates the need.4 What companies can do to address GBV At a business level, responses to GBV should be grounded as a human rights issue, revealing how survivors can be vulnerable to financial crises, high absenteeism, and further inabilities to achieve upward professional mobility. In the South African context where the justice system and mental and medical support services have been strained for years in response to GBV, companies find themselves having to extend support under challenging circumstances. We can use the lessons learnt from this pandemic to ensure we are prepared for future disasters. It is critical for companies to take a stand against GBV. The collective efforts required to eliminate GBV are a shared responsibility for undoing violence that has specifically marginalised women and the LGBTQIAP+ community. In doing so, it is important for care to be given to these marginalised groups, to take collective action towards justice, and ensure accountability from perpetrators. It is important that we facilitate discussions with and between business, civil society, and government, with a rooted and conscientious focus on eradicating GBV and the provision of support and care for survivors. Business leaders need to declare ‘zero tolerance’ for GBV in all its forms and affirm their support for employees and society. Given the scale of violence in South Africa, the voices of leaders in anti-GBV work are crucial as an endorsement of ongoing support for interventions, and should by extension create social responsibility between business operations and society at large. Leadership that is committed to this area is also active in spaces of governmental national strategies, policy development, and implementation. The private sector, which employs and engages with various aspects of society, has a responsibility to display bold leadership in the support of ending GBV. Companies should ensure that their policies on sexual harassment and assault in the workplace are adjusted to incorporate harm reduction practices that prioritise the support and care afforded to those who speak up and remove the accused from the workplace – through suspension, leave and so on. The framing and implementation of policies is paramount in creating a culture that protects employees from possible harm. Grievance structures that are sensitive to the complexity of GBV and power dynamics in the workplace should aim to prioritise the wellbeing of staff – and, by extension, their families – in instances where cases are reported. At a broader level, companies have a responsibility to continuously engage with staff and update their policies on matters of GBV and how the work environment can serve as a space that rejects harmful gender roles and patriarchal notions of professional performance. Transformative policies also need to look at recovery – how a company is able to provide support once an incident is reported is necessary to reintegration. Companies should also review company structures to accommodate staff at various levels, that is, transport provision for shift work and additional security for female workers who may work at unsafe hours. Closing the gender pay gap is an economically strategic way for companies to provide support for survivors and their families, given the income disparities that have been documented to keep women trapped in abusive circumstances, and the financial security required once they are able to leave the abusive environment. Research on GBV reveals that all classes experience violence. However, survivors who earn a low income are more vulnerable to poverty and are therefore unlikely to receive the care they need. Companies can also fund civil society organisations and NPOs focused on addressing GBV in communities and society at large. Such funding should be based on long-term partnerships, given the complex and extensive nature of GBV. Eradicating such a massive social issue requires multi-focused interventions through the support of experts and community practitioners across sectors. Business responses need to be coordinated efforts with key stakeholders to ensure stability and sustainability. By directing funds towards these social structures, the private sector is contributing towards an immediate and urgent response. South Africa has an expansive network of NPOs and shelters that facilitate legal assistance, healthcare needs, social support and community restorative justice. It is also imperative that the framing of these partnerships is as a collective response to the crisis. There is a gap in research on tracking the responses of the private sector to GBV eradication. Even though the sector notably contributed to the establishment of the Gender-Based Violence and Femicide (GBVF) Response Fund launched in 2021, there is still insufficient information on ongoing initiatives and coordinated efforts from across the sector. This research is vital in measuring impact and adding to existing bodies of knowledge on the importance of collaborative responses to GBV. The private sector must therefore continuously engage in knowledge-sharing platforms where efforts, funding and resources are directed efficiently. A multi-stakeholder approach The NBI’s Gender-Based Violence Working Group – and more broadly the pathway – engages with South African companies to not only support their responses to eradicating GBV, but also to challenge them to extend the scope of their initiatives. Through this work, the NBI intends to co-create and develop a set of tools and guides that will support companies to develop meaningful and robust responses. This is a critical time for corporates to take a clear, public, and deliberate stance of zero tolerance on GBV, both in the workplace and in society. Businesses should leverage their power by engaging in multi-sectoral initiatives that seek to avert and eradicate GBV. This includes joining the NBI in its collective approach to combating GBV by engaging and supporting the GBVF National Strategic Plan for the greater call to action, from the NBI to corporate South Africa. There are no easy answers to eradicating GBV. With the Covid-19 pandemic, we bore witness to the linkages between a health- related crisis and the flare-up of a long- standing social issue of violence. We have seen countless efforts from various parts of society in raising awareness, educating and funding responses towards the scourge. At this time, it is important to strengthen interventions. Violence in South Africa is historical and has infiltrated every aspect of socioeconomic life. The crisis of GBV mirrors a patriarchal order that seeks to suppress and prevent marginalised groups from freely participating in the public space, workplaces, economic ownership and personal safety, which are deserved by all. References: - Amnesty International (2021). Southern Africa: Homes become dangerous place for women and girls during COVID-19 lockdown. Accessible at: https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/02/southern-africa-homes-become-dangerous-place-for-women- and-girls-during-covid19-lockdown/ - KPMG Human & Social Services (2014). Too costly to ignore – the economic impact of gender-based violence in South Africa. Accessible at: https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/za/pdf/2017/01/za-Too-costly-to-ignore.pdf - Definition: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersexual, Asexual, Pansexual+ community.	https://www.trialogueknowledgehub.co.za/index.php/resources-safety/2378-building-a-multi-stakeholder-approach-to-eradicating-gbv
Graphs provide a natural way to represent real-world objects and their relationships, and hence they are utilized to model concepts and data in various domains, such as social networks, the Web, biological informatics and spatial databases. In the big data era, most graphs are extremely large and growing rapidly in size, which brings challenges to processing graph queries e ciently. In this thesis, we investigate three important problems in graph query processing, namely, the point-to-point shortest path and distance queries on road networks, the single source shortest path and distance queries on diskresident graphs, and the point-to-point reachability queries on dynamic graphs. These problems are not only interesting in themselves when the graph size becomes large, but also fundamental building blocks of numerous real-world applications. In particular, given two locations s and t in a road network, a point-to-point distance query returns the minimum network distance from s to t, while a point-to-point shortest path query computes the actual route that achieves the minimum distance. To solve this problem, we propose Arterial Hierarchy (AH), an index structure that narrows the gap between theory and practice. On the theoretical side, we show that, based on a realistic characteristic of real-world road networks, AH answers any distance query in constant time. In addition, any shortest path query can be answered with k more steps, where k is the number of vertices on the shortest path. On the practical side, AH outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of query time and its space and pre-computation overheads are moderate. Then, given a vertex s in a graph G, a single source shortest distance query from s asks for the distance from s to every other vertex in G, while a single source shortest path query retrieves the shortest path from s to any other vertex. To handle these two types of queries on disk-resident graphs, we propose Highways-on-disk (HoD), a disk-based index that supports both shortest path and distance queries on directed and weighted graphs. Di erent from existing methods, HoD does not assume the graph ts into memory, does not limit the graph type as undirected graph, and does not restrict that the edges have unit weights or even integer weights. Although being more general and exible, HoD is still able to outperform the state-of-the-art methods in terms of query processing time by up to two orders of magnitude. In addition, HoD has a smaller space consumption and pre-computation time in most cases. Finally, given two vertices s and t in G, a reachability query from s to t asks whether there exists a path from s to t in G. To solve the problem on dynamic graphs, we rsti propose the Total Order Labeling (TOL) framework, which summarizes three most advanced methods [22,51,94] for reachability queries on static graphs. Then we investigate novel algorithms to handle updates of TOL, regarding both insertions and deletions on dynamic graphs. To our best knowledge, this is the rst practically e cient and scalable approach that handles the point-to-point reachability queries on dynamic graphs. Finally we propose a new reachability index Butter y, which o ers reduced preprocessing, space, and query costs than any existing indices under TOL [22,51,94]. We experimentally evaluate TOL using a large variety of benchmark datasets with up to twenty million vertices, and we demonstrate the superiority of TOL against alternative solutions for static and dynamic graphs.	https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/handle/10356/61838
This invention relates to milk beverages. More particularly, it relates to milk beverages containing sucrose fatty acid esters and polyglycerol fatty acid esters having a degree of polymerization of polyglycerol of from 2 to 4. Milk beverages such as milk coffee and milk tea should be pasteurized for storage. However, some thermophilic spore-forming bacteria survive even after the pasteurization and cause putrefaction in some cases. To solve this problem, it is a common practice to add sucrose fatty acid esters to milk beverages to thereby inhibit the growth of thermophilic spore-forming bacteria, thus preventing putrefaction. Among sucrose fatty acid esters, monoesters inhibit the growth of spore-forming bacteria. In particular, sucrose monopalmitate carrying palmitate group as a hydrophobic group exhibits the strongest effect. Namely, the effect of inhibiting the growth of spore-forming bacteria is elevated with an increase in the content of monoesters in sucrose fatty acid esters. However, milk beverages containing sucrose fatty acid esters rich in monoesters show enhanced foaming properties which result in some problems. Namely, these beverages overflow in the step of emulsification or filling during the production process thereof. When shaken during transportation, etc., moreover, these milk beverages foam up and, at the opening, therefore sprout out from the containers. In recent years, there arises a tendency to employ positive pressure cans having a thin wall and containing nitrogen gas, etc. introduced so as to elevate the inner pressure. In the case of these cans, it is frequently observed that milk beverages sprout out and soil hands or clothes. Under these circumstances, it has been urgently required to develop milk beverages which contain sucrose fatty acid esters rich in monoesters and yet have depressed foaming properties. According to the present invention it has been found that the foaming properties of milk beverages containing sucrose fatty acid esters can be regulated by adding polyglycerol fatty acid esters having a degree of polymerization of polyglycerol of from 2 to 4, Accordingly, the gist of the present invention resides in a milk beverage which comprises milk components, a sucrose fatty acid ester containing at least 40% by weight of monoester, and a polyglycerol fatty acid ester having a degree of polymerization of polyglycerol of from 2 to 4. The present invention provides, as a preferable embodiment thereof, the above-mentioned milk beverage wherein said polyglycerol fatty acid ester contains at least 50% by weight of monoester; the above-mentioned milk beverage wherein the content of said polyglycerol fatty acid ester is from 50 to 3,000 ppm; the above-mentioned milk beverage wherein the content of said sucrose fatty acid ester is from 50 to 2,000 ppm; the above-mentioned milk beverage which has a pH value of from 5.5 to 7.0; the above-mentioned milk beverage wherein the fatty acids constituting the monoester of said sucrose fatty acid ester are saturated fatty acids having 14 to 18 carbon atoms; the above-mentioned milk beverage wherein at least 30% by weight of the fatty acids constituting the monoester of said sucrose fatty acid ester is palmitic acid; and the above-mentioned milk beverage wherein at least 50% by weight of the fatty acids constituting said polyglycerol fatty acid ester is palmitic acid. Further, the present invention provides, as another embodiment thereof, a method for depressing the foaming properties of a milk beverage containing sucrose fatty acid ester containing at least 40% by weight of monoester which comprises adding polyglycerol fatty acid ester having a degree of polymerization of polyglycerol of thereto; and the above-mentioned method wherein said polyglycerol fatty acid ester contains at least 50% by weight of monoester. Furthermore, the present invention provides, as another embodiment thereof, an antifoaming agent for milk beverages containing sucrose fatty acid ester containing at least 40% by weight of monoester, said antifoaming agent polyglycerol fatty acid ester having a degree of polymerization of polyglycerol of from 2 to 4; and the above-mentioned antifoaming agent for milk beverages wherein said polyglycerol fatty acid ester contains at least 50% by weight of monoester. Now, the present invention will be described in greater detail. The milk components usable in the present invention, there can be exemplified cow's milk, whole milk powder, skimmed milk powder, fresh cream or the like. The concentration of milk components added to the milk beverage according to the present invention may be optionally selected. Sofuto Dorinkusu Gijutsu Shiryo The sucrose fatty acid ester usable in the present invention includes those containing at least 40% by weight, preferably at least 50% by weight, of monoester. These sucrose fatty acid esters have antibacterial properties. As the fatty acids constituting the sucrose fatty acid ester, use can be made of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids having 8 to 22 carbon atoms. Preferable examples thereof include myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid. In particular, it is preferable that the fatty acids constituting the monoesters are saturated fatty acids having from 14 to 18 carbon atoms. The most desirable example thereof is one containing at least 30% by weight of palmitic acid which has a strong antibacterial activity. Since esters other than monoesters have no antibacterial activity [ (Technical Data on Soft Drinks), No. 112, 24 - 46, 1995], the fatty acids constituting other esters (i.e., diester or higher ones) are not particularly restricted but may be selected from the above-mentioned ones, etc. The average degree of esterification of the sucrose fatty acid ester usually ranges from 1 to 3, preferably from 1.1 to 2. The content of the sucrose fatty acid ester may vary depending on the milk components contained in the milk beverage without particular restriction, as long as the antibacterial effect and the emulsifying action can be both satisfactorily achieved. In general, the sucrose fatty acid ester is employed at a ratio of 100 ppm or above per percent of the milk components (in terms of milk), i.e., from 50 to 2,000 ppm in the milk beverage. Use can be also made of a mixture of two or more sucrose fatty acid esters. The polyglycerol fatty acid ester usable in the present invention involves those having a degree of polymerization of polyglycerol of 2 to 4. It is preferable that the polyglycerol fatty acid ester contains at least 50% by weight of monoester. Although saturated and unsaturated fatty acids having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms are usable as the fatty acids constituting the polyglycerol fatty acid ester, saturated ones are preferable and palmitic acid is still preferable. The degree of polymerization of glycerol is preferably 2. It is also preferable to use one containing at least 50% by weight of palmitic acid. The average degree of esterification of the polyglycerol fatty acid ester usually ranges from 1 to 3, preferably from 1 to 2. Although the polyglycerol fatty acid ester may be added in an arbitrarily amount, its content preferably ranges from 50 to 3,000 ppm, still preferably from 100 to 1,000 ppm. When expressed in weight ratio by referring the content of the sucrose fatty acid ester as to 1, the content of the polyglycerol fatty acid ester usually ranges from 0.1 to 10, preferably from 0.2 to 5 and still preferably from 0.5 to 2. When the content of the polyglycerol fatty acid ester is too small, scarcely any defoaming effect can be achieved. When it is used in an excessively large amount, on the other hand, the taste of the milk beverage is worsened due to the undesirable waxy smell of the polyglycerol fatty acid ester. Representative examples of the milk beverages of the present invention include milk coffee, milk tea, milk cocoa, etc., though the present invention is not restricted thereto. It is preferable that these milk beverages have a pH value of from 5.5 to 7.0 (i.e., weakly acidic). A milk beverage having an excessively low pH value is unfavorable, since it shows a sourness. On the other hand, alkaline ones are unusable as beverages. It is also possible to use in the milk beverages of the present invention emulsifiers and emulsion stabilizers other than the sucrose fatty acid esters and polyglycerol fatty acid esters as described above to establish stable emulsification or prevent sedimentation. Examples of these additives include polyglycerol fatty acid esters other than those as defined in the present invention, glycerol fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, organic acid monoglycerides, phospholipids such as lecithin, lactic acid fatty acid esters, carrageenan and locust bean gum. The milk beverage according to the present invention can be produced by an ordinary method except that the aforementioned sucrose fatty acid ester and polyglycerol fatty acid ester are added thereto. For example, the milk coffee according to the present invention can be obtained by mixing the milk components, coffee extract, the sucrose fatty acid ester and the polyglycerol fatty acid ester, water and if necessary sweeting agents, or the like. If the pH of finally produced milk coffee is a value below the aforementioned range, sodium bicarbonate or the like may be added to the milk coffee composition in order to adjust the pH thereof to 5.5 to 7.0. Furthermore, if required, these milk beverage may be homogenized by using homogenizer or the like, and them pasteurized by retorting. The milk beverages of the present invention may be packed in arbitrary containers. However, the effect of preventing sprouting-out from cans at opening, which is one of the effects achieved by the present invention, can be remarkably established when the milk beverages are packed in positive pressure cans with elevated internal pressure. As described above in detail, the present invention provides milk beverages which can be stored for a long time and have less foaming properties. According to the milk beverages of the present invention, the sprouting-out from positive pressure cans at opening and overflow in the step of emulsification or filling during the production process can be relieved. To further illustrate the present invention in greater detail, and not by way of limitation, the following Examples will be given. In the following Referential Examples and Examples, all percents are by weight. Table 1 Sucrose fatty acid ester Polyglycerol fatty acid ester fatty acid composition palmitic acid 70% palmitic acid 100% stearic acid 30% monoester content 75% 70% hydrophilic group sucrose diglycerol degree of polymerization - 2 700 g of diglycerol (manufactured by Sakamoto Yakuhin Kogyo) was reacted with 800 g of palmitic acid with the use of sodium hydroxide as a catalyst at 250°C for 2.5 hours. After removing the unreacted diglycerol by cooling, 368 g of a polyglycerol fatty acid ester was obtained by molecular distillation in the conventional manner. Table 1 shows the composition of the obtained product as well as that of the sucrose fatty acid ester employed in the following Examples and Comparative Examples. 64 g of a coffee extract (Extract Coffee F2: manufactured by Art Coffee), 64 g of skimmed milk powder (manufactured by Glico), 16 g of whole fat milk powder (manufactured by Hokkaido Nyugyo), 130 g of granulated sugar (manufactured by Meiji Seito), 1.2 g of sodium bicarbonate, 0.6 g of the sucrose fatty acid ester (P-1670, manufactured by Mitsubishi Kagaku Foods) of the composition as given in Table 1, 0.3 g of the polyglycerol fatty acid ester of the composition as given in Table 1 and water were mixed together to give a total amount of 2,000 g. The obtained mixture was homogenized with a high pressure homogenizer at 60°C under 150 kg/50 kg and then pasteurized by retorting at 121°C for 20 minutes to give a milk coffee product. The procedure of Example 1 was repeated but adding 0.6 g of the polyglycerol fatty acid ester to give a milk coffee product. The procedure of Example 1 was repeated but adding no polyglycerol fatty acid ester to give a milk coffee product. Table 2 Foaming volume (ml) SE<sup>1</sup> added (%) POGE<sup>2</sup> added (%) after 1 min after 2 min Comparative Example 1 110 110 0.03 0 Example 1 80 90 0.03 0.015 Example 2 65 65 0.03 0.03 Table 2 1: SE : sucrose fatty acid ester 2: POGE : polyglycerol fatty acid ester 50 ml portions of the milk coffee products obtained in the above Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1 were each introduced into a 200 ml graduated cylinder. Then air was bubbled thereinto from a glass filter at a rate of 0.1 l/min and the foaming volume was measured. Table 2 shows the results. The data given in the above Table 2 indicate that the products prepared by using the polyglycerol fatty acid ester (Examples 1 and 2) each showed a remarkably decreased foaming volume, compared with the one containing the sucrose fatty acid ester alone (Comparative Example 1). Table 3 Sucrose fatty acid ester Monoester content Foaming power(mm) 60°C 20°C S-1670 80% 24 6 S-1170 60% 19 4 S-1170 : S-570 = 1 : 1 45% 16 2 S-1170 : S-570 = 1 : 4 35% 9 0 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated but adding the sucrose fatty acid esters as shown in Table 3 and no polyglycerol fatty acid ester to give milk coffee products. 100 ml portions of these products were taken up, adjusted to 60°C and 20°C and introduced into 100 ml test tubes. Then each test tube was vertically overturned 100 times by hand and the height of the foam thus formed was measured, thus evaluating the foaming power. The foaming power was determined after overturning 100 times. Table 3 shows the results. In the above Table 3, S-1670, S-1170 and S-570 (each manufactured by Mitsubishi Kagaku Foods) were composed of 30% of palmitic acid and 70% of stearic acid and carried sucrose as the hydrophilic group. S-570 contained 30% of monoester. These data indicate that milk beverage products containing the sucrose fatty acid esters containing 40% by weight or more of monoester largely foamed up unless the polyglycerol fatty acid ester was added. Table 4 Polyglycerol fatty acid ester Degree of polymerization Foaming power(mm) 60°C 20°C Poem J2081 2 16 2 TS8 4 18 2 HS11 6 22 5 DS13W 10 24 10 none 24 9 64 g of a coffee extract (Extract Coffee F2: manufactured by Art Coffee), 64 g of skimmed milk powder (manufactured by Glico), 16 g of whole fat milk powder (manufactured by Hokkaido Nyugyo), 130 g of granulated sugar (manufactured by Meiji Seito), 1.2 g of sodium bicarbonate, 0.03 g of the sucrose fatty acid ester (P-1670, manufactured by Mitsubishi Kagaku Foods) of the composition as given in Table 1, 0.3 g of each polyglycerol fatty acid ester of the composition as given in Table 3 and water were mixed together to give a total amount of 2,000 g. The obtained mixture was homogenized with a high pressure homogenizer at 60°C under 150 kg/50 kg and then pasteurized by retorting at 121°C for 20 minutes to give a milk coffee product. 100 ml portions of these products were taken up, adjusted to 60°C and 20°C and introduced into 100 ml test tubes. Then each test tube was vertically overturned 100 times by hand and the height of the foam thus formed was measured, thus evaluating the foaming power. The foaming power was determined after overturning 100 times. Table 4 shows the results. In the above Table 4, Poem J2018 (manufactured by Riken Vitamin) was composed of 52% of stearic acid, 43% of palmitic acid, 4% of myristic acid and 1% of others and contained 70% of monoester. On the other hand, TS8, HS11 and DS13W (each manufactured by Mitsubishi Kagaku Foods) were composed of 52% of stearic acid, 43% of palmitic acid, 4% of myristic acid and 1% of others and contained 70% of monoester. These data indicate that the degree of polymerization of the polyglycerol fatty acid ester preferably falls within the range of 2 to 4. Table 5 Polyglycerol fatty acid ester added (ppm) Foaming power(mm) 60°C 20°C 5,000 21 7 3 3,000 19 5 4 1,000 16 3 500 14 0 100 17 2 50 19 4 0 24 9 Table 5 3: polyglycerol fatty acid ester was not dispersed but precipitated 4: polyglycerol fatty acid ester was not dispersed but partly precipitated The procedure of Example 1 was repeated but adding the polyglycerol fatty acid ester of the composition as given in Table 1 in the amounts as specified in Table 5 to give milk coffee products. 100 ml portions of these products were taken up, adjusted to 60°C and 20°C and introduced into 100 ml test tubes. Then each test tube was vertically overturned 100 times by hand and the height of the foam thus formed was measured, thus evaluating the foaming power. The foaming power was determined after overturning 100 times. Table 5 shows the results. These data indicate that the content of the polyglycerol fatty acid ester preferably falls within the range of 50 to 3,000 ppm. Table 6 Polyglycerol fatty acid ester Monoester content (%) Foaming power(mm) 60°C 20°C TS8 70 18 2 TS4 30 22 3 5 Table 6 5 : waxy matters floated up to the surface The procedure of Example 1 was repeated but adding the polyglycerol fatty acid esters as shown in Table 6 to give a content of 0.05% to give milk coffee products. 100 ml portions of these products were taken up, adjusted to 60°C and 20°C and introduced into 100 ml test tubes. Then each test tube was vertically overturned 100 times by hand and the height of the foam thus formed was measured, thus evaluating the foaming power. The foaming power was determined after overturning 100 times. Table 6 shows the results. In Table 6, TS4 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Kagaku Foods) was composed of 52% of stearic acid, 43% of palmitic acid, 4% of myristic acid and 1% of others and had a degree of polymerization of 4. These data indicate that the content of monoester in the polyglycerol fatty acid ester is preferably 50% or above. While the invention has been described in detail and with reference to specific examples thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. Referential Example 1: Production of polyglycerol fatty acid ester Example 1: Preparation of milk coffee Example 2: Preparation of milk coffee Comparative Example 1: Preparation of milk coffee Example 3: Measurement of foaming volume Referential Example 2: Monoester content in sucrose fatty acid ester and foaming power Example 4: Degree of polymerization of polyglycerol fatty acid ester and foaming power Example 5: Content of polyglycerol fatty acid ester and foaming power Example 6: Content of monoester in polyglycerol fatty acid ester and foaming power
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS BACKGROUND SUMMARY DETAILED DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 This application is a continuation-in-part of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/555,681 filed Nov. 1, 2006, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/761,567, filed Jan. 21, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,220,485, issued May 22, 2007, which claims the priority benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 60/743,998 filed Mar. 30, 2006. FIELD OF INVENTION The present invention relates to a thermal management assembly including but not limited to a heat transfer device, which may also be referred to as a heat spreader, that can be used for transferring heat away from a heat source, e.g., to a heat sink; an assembly having the heat spreader in contact with the heat source, e.g., between the heat source and the heat sink; and a heat sink for dissipating the heat. The invention also relates to methods of manufacturing a thermal management assembly. Many forms of thermal management exist today all of which depend upon the principles of conduction, convection or radiation to move heat. Good thermal conductivity is required to permit heat transfer away from high density electronic components and devices such as integrated circuits. High thermal conductivity materials are conventionally used in heat transfer devices to dissipate heat from semiconductor circuits and systems. Elemental metals are not satisfactory for the semiconductor circuit systems in use today. Heat transfer devices with high thermal conductivity materials may also be utilized in aerospace and military applications. This has led to the use of high conductivity heat transfer devices formed from composites or laminations of different materials fabricated into various structural assemblies which will possess the desired high thermal conductivity, strength and other needed properties. The heat transfer device is physically connected between a heat source, which generates considerable waste heat, and a heat sink. In many cases, however, the heat source and heat sink are not in close proximity and one or both may not be easily accessed for interconnecting a heat transfer device. In these situations the heat transfer device needs to be malleable and flexible. Currently available heat transfer devices which have very high thermal conductivities relative to the thermal conductivity of elemental metals are not readily usable in these situations. In one aspect, the present invention provides a thermally conductive laminate comprising a first substrate, a second substrate, and a performance layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The performance layer comprises thermal pyrolytic graphite (TPG) having a plurality of vias. The vias occupy from about 0.1% to about 20% volume, which may also be referred to as the via loading density, of the thermal pyrolytic graphite. The TPG board surface and the vias may be at least partially filled with a bonding material. Applicants have found that providing the holes or vias in the graphite at this loading density provides a heat transfer laminate exhibiting both excellent mechanical and conductive properties. For example a laminate with a thermal pyrolytic graphite layer having a via loading density of from about 0.1% to about 20% may exhibit a sufficient bond strength (e.g. greater than 40 psi) overcome the thermal stress at 300° C. but also exhibit excellent in-plane thermal conductivity (e.g. greater than 1,000 W/m-K). In another aspect, the present invention provides a heat transfer device comprising a thermally conductive laminate comprising a first substrate; a second substrate; and a performance layer disposed between said first substrate and said second substrate, said performance layer comprising thermal pyrolytic graphite having a plurality of vias disposed therein; wherein said heat transfer device is free of a framing structure surrounding said performance layer. Applicants have found that the laminate with the filled vias provide sufficient structural stability that additional framing surrounding the graphite layer is not necessary. The absence of a frame structure allows large heat transfer assemblies to be provided as thermal laminates that may be pieced or linked together, e.g., by tiling two or more laminates, to form a layer laminate structure. Additionally, the absence of a frame allows end users to cut a laminate to a desired shape as may be required for a particular end use. This invention also addresses the issues of cost to remove heat in space constrained areas where thermal management by conduction requires a material that can be easily configured to provide a low-density, flexible, thin cross-section for the movement and redistribution of heat loads from heat sensitive electronic components or systems to areas where heat may be dissipated. Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawing. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural and functional changes may be made without departing from the respective scope of the invention. As such, the following description is presented by way of illustration only and should not limit in any way the various alternatives and modifications that may be made to the illustrated embodiments and still be within the spirit and scope of the invention. As used herein, the term “graphite layer” refers to a single cleaving of pyrolytic graphite (PG) comprising at least one graphene layer of nanometer thickness. Also as used herein, the term “cleave” or “cleaving” refers to the process of peeling, removing, or extracting from, or separating a sheet of graphite to obtain at least an ultra-thin layer of graphite, comprising at least one single graphene layer of nanometer thickness. The “sheet” of graphite comprises a plurality of graphene layers. The term “heat sink” may be used interchangeably with “heat dissipator” and that the term may be in the singular or plural form, indicating one or multiple items may be present, referring to an element which not only collects the heat, but also performs the dissipating function. As used herein the term “heat spreader” or “heat transfer laminate” may be used interchangeably to refer to a device that is in contact with the source of heat and the heat sink. Also as used herein, the term “thermal pyrolytic graphite” (“TPG”) may be used interchangeably with “highly oriented pyrolytic graphite” (“HOPG”), or compression annealed pyrolytic graphite (“CAPG”), referring to graphite materials consisting of crystallites of considerable size, the crystallites being highly aligned or oriented with respect to each other and having well ordered carbon layers or a high degree of preferred crystallite orientation, with an in- plane (a-b direction) thermal conductivity greater than 1,000 W/m-K. In one embodiment, the TPG has an in-plane thermal conductivity greater than 1,500 W/m-K As used herein, the term “graphene” or “graphene film” denotes the atom-thick carbon sheets or layers that stacks up to form “cleavable” layers (or mica-like cleavings) in graphite. FIGS. 1 and 2 10 12 14 16 12 14 16 18 18 20 Referring to , a heat transfer device comprises a first substrate , a second substrate , and a performance layer disposed between substrates and . The performance layer comprises a thermally conductive material having a high thermal conductivity. The thermally conductive material includes a plurality of vias . 18 18 200 500 The thermally conductive material may be selected from any material having a high thermal conductivity including pyrolytic graphite, thermal pyrolytic graphite, compression annealed pyrolytic graphite, thermal pyrolytic graphite, highly ordered pyrolytic graphite, pyrolytic graphite, and the like. The in-plane thermal conductivity of the high thermal conductivity core material should be greater than W/mK and desirably greater than W/mk for each of the pyrolytic graphite materials. Also as used herein, the term “thermal pyrolytic graphite” (“TPG”) encompasses materials such as highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (“HOPG”), or compression annealed pyrolytic graphite (“CAPG”). In one embodiment, thermal pyrolytic graphite may also refer to graphite materials consisting of crystallites of considerable size, the crystallites being highly aligned or oriented with respect to each other and having well ordered carbon layers or a high degree of preferred crystallite orientation, with an in-plane (a-b direction) thermal conductivity greater than 1,000 W/m-K. In one embodiment, the TPG has an in-plane thermal conductivity greater than 1,500 W/m-K. Graphites possess anisotropic structures and thus exhibit or possess many properties that are highly directional e.g. thermal and electrical conductivity and fluid diffusion. Graphites are made up of layer planes of hexagonal arrays or networks of carbon atoms. These layer planes of hexagonally arranged carbon atoms are substantially flat and are oriented or ordered so as to be substantially parallel and equidistant to one another. The substantially flat, parallel equidistant sheets or layers of carbon atoms, usually referred to as graphene layers or basal planes, are linked or bonded together and groups thereof are arranged in crystallites. The superposed layers or laminate of carbon atoms in graphite are joined together by weak van der Waals forces. It will be appreciated that the size and thickness of the thermally conductive material is not particularly limited and may be chosen as desired for a particular purpose or intended use. In one embodiment, the thermally conductive material may be provided as a graphite sheet having a thickness of from about 1 mm to about 5 mm. In another embodiment, the thermally conductive material may be provided as a “graphite layer,” which refers to a single cleaving of a pyrolytic or thermally pyrolytic graphite comprising at least one graphene layer of micrometer or nanometer thickness. Cleaving of graphite to obtain micrometer thick graphite layers and/or ultra-thin nanometer thicknesses is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/555,681, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 18 20 18 The thermally conductive material comprises a plurality of vias . In one embodiment, the vias occupy from about 0.1 to about 20 volume percent of the thermally conductive material . The percent volume of the thermally conductive materially that is occupied by the vias may also be referred to as the via loading density. In another embodiment, the via loading density may be from about 0.01% to about 40%. Applicants have found that providing a thermally conductive material having a via loading density of from about 0.1 to about 20 percent provides a laminate that exhibits both excellent mechanical strength and thermal conductivity. For example, a laminate having a via loading density of from about 0.1 to about 20 percent may exhibit sufficient bonding strength (e.g., greater than 40 psi) to overcome thermal stress at 300° C., and excellent in-plane thermal conductivity (e.g., greater than 1,000 W/mK. In one embodiment, holes or vias are predrilled into TPG boards at a desired size and spacing to produce optimized results. Thermally conductive epoxy, brazing material, or any other similar material may be applied to the TPG board surface and may be used to fill the via holes either partially or completely. The loading density of the vias may range from less than 0.01% area of occupation to approximately 40% area of occupation. In another embodiment the via loading density may be from about 0.1% to about 20%. In one embodiment, the spacing of the vias may range from about 0.5 to about 125 mm to reach optimal desired results. In another embodiment, the spacing of the vias may range from about 1 to about 25 mm. The TPG board may then be laminated between at least two metal foils. The metal foils may be individually comprised of, but not limited to, copper, aluminum, tungsten, molybdenum, nickel, iron, tin, silver, gold alloys of two or more thereof In one embodiment and prior to coating, holes or vias with sizes between 0.1 to 5 mm in diameter and spacing between 1 to 25 mm apart are drilled through the ultra-thin graphite layer using methods known in the art including Electro Discharge Machining (EDM), Electro Discharge Grinding (EDG), laser, and plasma. In another embodiment, slits are fabricated in the ultra-thin graphite strip prior to treatments. In yet another embodiment, louvers, slits or vias are formed or perforated in the graphite layer by any of EDM, EDG, laser, plasma, or other methods known in the art. In one embodiment, vias are formed in the graphite layer so that a diffusion bond can be formed via the plurality of via with a resin coating on both sides of the graphite layer. In one embodiment, the vias may be anywhere from 0.1-5 mm in diameter and placed between 1-25 mm apart to optimize thermal and mechanical performance. The vias may be filled with a material to provide the laminate with structural support. The vias may be filled with a bonding material such as an adhesive material, a soldering metal or metal alloy, or a brazing metal or metal alloy. Suitable adhesive materials include, for example, inorganic and organic adhesives. An exemplary adhesive material is an epoxy. In one embodiment, the bonding material exhibits thermal conductivity properties, e.g., a thermally conductive epoxy. 12 14 The first and second substrates (, ) may be formed from a metal material and in one embodiment is provided as a metal foil. The metal may be selected as desired for a particular purpose or intended use. The metal may be chosen, for example, from copper, aluminum, tungsten, molybdenum, nickel, iron, tin, silver, gold or alloys of two or more thereof. The first and second substrates may be made from the same or different metal materials. The thickness of the substrates may be selected as desired for a particular purpose or intended application. In one embodiment, the substrates may each have a thickness of from about 2 microns to about 2 mm. A thermally conductive laminate may be made by providing a thermally conductive material having a plurality of vias and applying the substrates onto the surface of the thermally conductive material. The vias may be provided in the thermally conductive material by any suitable method including drilling, etching, using liftoff techniques for layer patterning, LIGA (an German acronym for Lithographic, Galvanoformung, and Abformung (Lithography, Electroplating, and Molding)), sacrificial bulk and surface micromachining; and any other known or future developed opening or aperture forming process. FIG. 3 12 14 18 18 18 12 14 18 18 30 30 12 14 18 25 a b, a b, a b The substrates may be applied to a surface of the thermally conductive material by any suitable method. In one embodiment, as illustrated in , the laminate may be formed by providing metal foils and and laminating them to surfaces and respectively, of thermally conductive material . The foils and may be positioned adjacent surfaces and respectively, and the structure passed through rollers and to laminate the foils and to the respective surfaces of the thermally conductive material . A bonding material may be provided on the surfaces of the thermally conductive material to bond the foils to the thermally conductive material. The bonding material may be provided in discrete areas on the surface of the thermally conductive material or may be applied generally to an entire surface. In one embodiment, the bonding material is at least provided in the vicinity of the vias such that a quantity of bonding material substantially fills the via during the lamination process. It will be appreciated that a curing or activation operation may be required to set or cure the bonding material. In one embodiment, copper, aluminum, or tinned copper foil tapes backed with a highly conductive pressure-sensitive adhesive are pressed against a pyrolytic graphite substrate and peeled of, for a cleaving of pyrolytic graphite comprising at least one graphene film or layer. In one embodiment, the metal foil has a thickness of about 5.0 to about 25 μm thick, backed with carbon or Parylene, then a layer of highly conductive pressure sensitive adhesives. Metal foil tapes are commercially available from sources including Chomerics and Lebow Company. In one embodiment employing a thermally conductive epoxy, a curing step may then performed to activate the thermally conductive epoxy, brazing material, or other similar material applied to the TPG board surface and filling the via holes. The cured laminate may then be trimmed to its desired final dimension. In another embodiment, the substrates may be provided by a coating process such as chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, plasma vapor deposition, electroplating, electroless plating, dipping, spraying or the like. In the case of ultra-thin heat transfer laminates the substrates may be provided as identified in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/339,338 that are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In one embodiment, a thermally conductive laminate is provided that is free of any structural support member, e.g., a framing structure, encasing the perimeter of the laminate and, in particular, the thermally conductive material. Heretofore, thermally conductive laminates have been provided with such a frame to provide structural support. Applicants have found, however, that such a frame is not needed and that the vias provide the laminate with sufficient structural support. In fact, Applicants have found that the mechanical strength of the laminate increases with a larger via loading density. In an embodiment of a heat transfer device that is free of a structural support/frame member, the via loading density may be provided in the range of from about 0.01% to about 40%. In another embodiment, the via loading density is from about 0.1% to about 20%. In still another embodiment, the via loading density is from about 1 to about 10%. The mechanical strength increases as the via loading density increases, and the thermal conductivity tends to increase as the via loading density decreases. Providing a laminate that is free of any frame structure allows for end users to cut a laminate to a desired shape for a particular purpose or application. Additionally, the size of a laminate is generally limited due to constraints associated with the manufacturing process. By providing a laminate that is free of a frame structure, a plurality of laminates may be bonded together, such as by tiling, to provide a larger laminate structure. A heat sink design can be a complex task requiring extensive math—finite element analysis, fluid dynamics, etc. In designing heat sinks, various factors are taken into consideration, including thermal resistance, area of the heat sink, the shape of the heat sink, i.e., whether finned or pin design and the height of pins or fins, whether a fan is used and its air flow rate, heat sink material, and maximum temperature to be allowed at die. Thermal resistance is the critical parameter of heat sink design. Thermal resistance is directly proportional to thickness of the material and inversely proportional to thermal conductivity of the material and surface area of heat flow. The invention relates to an advanced thermal management system with optimized thermal resistance, that may be used to provide a heat sink, or an ultra-thin heat sink comprising a conductive material such a graphite, with thermal conductivity as high as 1,000 W/m-K or more, with a thickness as low as one atomic layer of carbon. Although the generic term “graphite” may be used herein, an ultra-thin heat sink, depending on the application may employ either pyrolytic graphite (PG) with a typical in-plane thermal conductivity of less than 500 W/m-K, or thermal pyrolytic graphite (TPG) with an in- plane thermal conductivity greater than 600 W/m-K. In one embodiment, the starting feedstock is a graphite sheet commercially available from sources including Panasonic, Momentive Performance Materials, etc. In one embodiment the TPG board containing vias that may have materials such as thermally conductive epoxy, brazing material, or other similar materials applied to the TPG board surface and at least partially filling at least some of the vias that may be laminated between at least two metal foils is not substantially surrounded by a framing device. In another embodiment there no framing device is used to in connection with the heat sink and/or the thermally conductive laminate. In a further embodiment, the graphite layer is specifically designed with a number of holes or vias to form a weak mechanical structure, with the filled or coated vias acting to support the structure while minimizing the stress that can be transmitted across the heat sink or thermal spreader. By adjusting the number and location of vias, the thermal conductivity through the TPG and the mechanical integrity of the TPG can be optimized for a particular application, as coating materials (e.g., parylene, metal, etc.) flow into and diffuse across the holes, this creates mechanical vias that cross-link the opposing faces together for improved section modulus. In another embodiment, engineered size and spacing of the vias help mitigate the low z-direction conductivity of TPG, providing enhanced through-the-thickness conductivity in the final product. In yet another embodiment, the surface of the high thermal conductivity graphite layer is textured or roughened so that the layer can effectively bond and/or adhere to brazing materials, encapsulants or laminating materials. The invention will now be described and may be further understood with respect to the following examples. These examples are intended to be illustrative only and are to be understood as not limiting the invention disclosed herein in any way as to materials, or process parameters, equipment or conditions. FIGS. 4 and 5 FIG. 4 FIG. 5 A TPG board is provided and via holes are predrilled into the TPG board and then filled with thermally conductive epoxy, thermoplastic, soldering, or brazing material during lamination. Copper laminates having a thickness of 0.1 mm are laminated to opposing surfaces of the TPG board. Several laminates are provided having loading densities of 0%, 1.1%, 4.4%, 7.6%, and 17.6%. The actual and theoretical thermal conductivities and bonding strengths of the boards is determined (see ). The theoretical conductivities are determined by a series heat flow thermal conductivity tester. As shown in , both the actual and theoretical studies indicate that the thermal conductivity of TPG laminates decreases as the via loading density increases. On the other hand, the bonding strength of TPG laminates rises with the via loading density (). FIG. 6 In this Example, the thermal conductivity of a TPG board, a TPG laminate with copper substrates, and a TPG laminate with a copper substrates and a TPG board containing vias with about 1.5 mm diameter and about 6.75 mm spacing with a 4.4% loading density, which is laminated with a thermally conductive epoxy, a copper sheet, and an aluminum sheet are measured. The measured in-plane thermal conductivity of the TPG laminates with vias ranges from 1,200 to 1,400 W/m-K and is compared in to the thermal conductivity of TPG, a TPG laminate without vias, a copper sheet and an aluminum sheet. FIG. 7 Copper laminated and aluminum laminated boards are prepare using a TPG board having a loading density as described in Example 2 and compared to a bare TPG board without vias. As shown in , the copper foil laminated TPG boards exhibited 300% higher bonding strength that the one of bare TPG board, and the aluminum foil laminated of TPG boards exhibited a 600% higher bonding strength. The cooper and aluminum laminated TPG boards did not show any delamination after 60 thermal cycles to 300° C. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Objects and advantages together with the operation of the invention may be better understood by reference to the following detailed description taken in connection with the following illustration, wherein: FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a thermally conductive laminate; FIG. 2 FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the laminate of ; FIG. 3 illustrates a process for forming a thermally conductive laminate in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; FIG. 4 illustrates thermal conductivity of a thermally conductive laminate as a function of via loading density in accordance with an embodiment of this invention; FIG. 5 illustrates measured bonding strength of a thermally conductive laminate as a function of via loading density in accordance with an embodiment of this invention; FIG. 6 illustrates in-plane thermal conductivities of various materials; FIG. 7 illustrates a comparison between measured bonding strength of thermal pyrolytic graphite and thermal pyrolytic graphite laminates with optimized via loading density and selected thermally conductive epoxy in accordance with an embodiment of this invention.
Cognition is both empowered and limited by representations. The matrix lens model explicates tasks that are based on frequency counts, conditional probabilities, and binary contingencies in a general fashion. Based on a structural analysis of such perspective on representational accounts of cognition that recognizes representational isomorphs as opportunities, rather than as problems. The shared structural construct of a 2×2 matrix supports a set of generic tasks and semantic mappings that provide a tasks, the model links several problems and semantic domains and provides a new unifying framework for understanding problems and defining scientific measures. Our model’s key explanatory mechanism is the adoption of particular perspectives on a 2×2 matrix that categorizes the frequency counts of cases by some condition, treatment, risk, or outcome factor. By the selective steps of filtering, framing, and focusing on specific aspects, the measures used in various semantic domains negotiate distinct trade-offs between abstraction and specialization. As a consequence, the transparent communication of such measures must explicate the perspectives encapsulated in their derivation. To demonstrate the explanatory scope of our model, we use it to clarify theoretical debates on biases and facilitation effects in Bayesian reasoning and to integrate the scientific measures from various semantic domains within a unifying framework. A better understanding of problem structures, representational transparency, and the role of perspectives in the scientific process yields both theoretical insights and practical applications. This paper is quite long and covers a wide array of concepts and topics. So what can you expect to gain from reading it? Hansjörg Neth, Felix Gaisbauer, Nico Gradwohl, Wolfgang Gaissmaier Abstract: Risk-related information — like the prevalence of conditions and the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests or treatment decisions — can be expressed in terms of probabilities or frequencies. By providing a toolbox of methods and metrics, the R package riskyr computes, translates, and displays risk-related information in a variety of ways. Offering multiple complementary perspectives on the interplay between key parameters renders teaching and training of risk literacy more transparent. Nathaniel Phillips, Hansjörg Neth, Jan Woike, Wolfgang Gaissmaier Abstract: Fast-and-frugal trees (FFTs) are simple algorithms that facilitate efficient and accurate decisions based on limited information. But despite their successful use in many applied domains, there is no widely available toolbox that allows anyone to easily create, visualize, and evaluate FFTs. We fill this gap by introducing the R package FFTrees.	https://neth.de/tags/visualization/
When former US President Bill Clinton came to India. After seeing the Taj Mahal, he said,Today I realized that there are only two types of people in this world, one who has seen the Taj and the other who has not seen the Taj. There will be more than one building in this world, but there is no other like the Taj because a king has laid his heart on its foundation.। Friends, in today’s article we will know about the exciting facts related to the Taj Mahal. Which you’ve probably never heard. 1) Thousands of tourists who come to see the Taj Mahal do not know that Taj Mahal Looking at the second part. Actually the Sahi Darwaza is on the other side of the river. Today most tourists Taj Mahal could not see as Shah Jahan wanted. The river was the main route to reach the Taj Mahal during the Mughal period. 2) It is said that Shah Jahan Taj Mahal The hands of the builder were cut off but this thing seems like a rumour. Because there is no proof for this. Many historians believe that Shah Jahan had given a lifetime salary to the laborers and artisans and got them to write an agreement that now he will not build any other such building. 3) Taj Mahal The Charminare which is there, it is not standing upright but it is slightly inclined towards the outside. These were made in such a way that in case of earthquake etc., it would fall on the outside and the main tomb would be safe. 4) Qutub Minar is the tallest tower in India but perhaps you will be surprised to know that the Taj Mahal is 5 meters higher than the Qutub Minar. 6) Of all the buildings in the world, the best calligraphy is done on the Taj. When we enter through the big door of the Taj. Then these words written on the door welcome us. “O soul. You rest with God and live in peace with God and may his supreme peace be upon you. This calligraphy is in Thulath script. The name of the person who designed this calligraphy was Abdul Haq. Which was called from Iran. 7) The time when Shah Jahan became the emperor was the happiest time of the Mughal Empire. Think of it this way that the era of Shah Jahan was like a spring for the Mughal Empire. There was peace and happiness all around. There were no battles during Shah Jahan’s time. It was a time of great splendor. 8) The world had never seen a grand building like the Taj Mahal. For this white marble was brought from Makrana in Rajasthan. And many prized jewelery was brought from China, Afghanistan, Tibet, Punjab, Sri Lanka, Arabia. More than 1000 elephants were used to bring all these things to Agra from abroad. 9) The Taj Mahal began to be built in 1631, about 400 years ago. And it was completed 22 years later in 1653. It was built by 20,000 artisans and laborers. For the construction of the Taj Mahal, everything was selected after testing it on the side of the diamond. The workmanship on the walls of the Taj Mahal was done by the artisans of Italy. Marble carving artisans were called from Bukhara in Uzbekistan. Calligraphy craftsmen came from Iran. And the artisans of Balochistan were called to carve the stones. 10) The British had caused a lot of damage to the Taj Mahal during the revolt of 1857. Many precious gems embedded in its stones were taken out. 11) The urn of the main dome of the Taj Mahal was once made of gold. The gold urn was replaced with a kashe ka kalash in the early 19th century. 12) With this claim no one knows who designed the Taj Mahal. But it is said that a team of 37 people together prepared the map of the Taj Mahal. These 37 engineers were called from far away corners of the world. 13) While making the foundation of the Taj Mahal, many wells were lost around the Taj Mahal. In these, ebony and mahogany wood were cast along with a stone. The foundation of whose crown is strong. 14) When the Taj Mahal was completed in 1665, its value was estimated in crores. At present, the cost of making it will cost about Rs 57 billion. 15) In 1989, an Indian author Purushottam Nagesh wrote a book. Whose name was “Taj Mahal: the true storyIn this book, he claimed with many arguments that there was a Shiva temple before the Taj Mahal was built. Whose name was Tejo Mahalaya. In 2010, Purushottam Nagesh appealed to dig the side of the Taj to prove his point. Which was quashed by the Supreme Court. Archaeological Survey of India There is no evidence that the Taj Mahal was a Shiva temple. Rather, it was built by Shah Jahan, there is evidence of this in history. 16) Taj Mahal The design looks inspired by Humayun’s tomb. Humayun was the great-grandfather of Shah Jahan. His tomb was the inspiration for many Mughal tombs to be built in India. 17) In the Second World War, the government had provided security by making a bamboo circle around the dome of the Taj Mahal. So that the air raiders can be confused. The same was done during the Indo-Pakistani wars of 1965 and 1971. 18) There are also buildings built on the imitation of the Taj Mahal in many countries, such as in China, Bangladesh and Colombia, and a similar building is also present in India. “Bibi Ka Maqbara” This building is in Aurangabad, Maharashtra. Which looks exactly like a copy of the Taj Mahal. 19) Taj Mahal The biggest popularity of the film is due to the wonderful love story associated with its production. Emperor Shah Jahan built this Taj in the memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal. Whose real name was Arjunand Banu Begum. Later Shah Jahan named them Mumtaz Mahal. Which means the most precious gem of the palace. 20) At the age of 34, Mumtaz died giving birth to her 14th child. The emperor was deeply saddened by the death of the Begum. Like his life was ruined. Then finally, in his memory, Shah Jahan ordered the Taj to be built. 21) When Shah Jahan started building the Taj Mahal. Then Mumtaz’s body was taken out from Burhanpur and buried in a garden near the Taj Mahal. After 22 years, when the Taj Mahal was completed. Then again Mumtaz’s body was taken out and buried inside the Taj Mahal. 22) All the attention of Shah Jahan was devoted to giving a beautiful look to the Taj Mahal. Meanwhile, Shah Jahan’s son Aurangzeb invaded Agra and took Shah Jahan prisoner. Shah Jahan was asked what he wanted, then he said – I should be kept prisoner in such a place from where I can see the Taj directly. His wish was fulfilled. Even while in captivity, Shah Jahan kept looking at the Taj and that is where he breathed his last. After his death, he was buried in the Taj Mahal along with Mumtaz. If even a defeated emperor is not allowed to break into anything. So that was his undying love for Mumtaz. Friends, you must have got to know something new by reading this article. I hope you have learned something new from the information given by us.	https://tipselite.com/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B9-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82-%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9/
Sri Mookambika Devi Temple in Kollur is one of the most important Hindu temples in India situated around 147 km from Mangalore and 80 km f... Sri Mookambika Devi Temple in Kollur is one of the most important Hindu temples in India situated around 147 km from Mangalore and 80 km from Udupi in Karnataka. This ancient Devi temple, dedicated to Goddess Parvathi, is believed to be created by Lord Parashurama (one of the ten incarnations of Lord Vishnu). The goddess is called in Tamil as Thai Mookambika who is regarded as a manifestation of Goddess Parvati, Goddess Saraswati and Goddess Lakshmi. Mookambika Temple is one of the most famous Goddess Saraswati Temples in India. Goddess Mookambika Temple is located on the banks of the River Souparnika that runs at the foot hills of the Western Ghats. It is said that the river is named after an eagle called Suparna who did penance in this bank and attained salvation. The temple is very much associated with Guru Adi Sankaracharya - the revered Hindu saint and Vedic scholar. Udupi Temple and Murudeshwar Shiva Temple are within driving distance from Kollur Mookambika. Importance of Kollur Kollur is one of the Seven Muktistala (or highly revered Hindu sacred places) in Karnataka – the other six pilgrimage places are Udupi, Subrahmanya, Kumbasi, Kodeshwara, Sankaranarayana and Gokarna. While the other pilgrimages are devoted to Lord Shiva, Lord Subramanya and Lord Ganesha, this is the only one devoted to Goddess Shakti. Mookambika Temple attracts a large number of pilgrims from all over the world. Read about the Significance of Sri Mookambika Temple Temple and Goddess Mookambika Sanctum of Mookambika Temple Shri Mookambika Devi Temple, decorated with gold plated pinnacle and copper roofs, stands atop the Kodachadri Peak. The temple consists of the sanctorum, an entrance hall and the Lakshmi Mantapa at the back. The four pillars at Lakshmi Mantapa are adorned with beautifully carved images of various Hindu gods. Inside the sanctum sanctorum is the Lingam which is the main deity and is known as Jyothirlingam. The Devi is incorporated as both Shiva and Shakthi in the form of Jyothirlingam. She is seen here with three eyes and four arms, with the divine disc and conch in her hands. The sanctum of Goddess Mookambika Temple is a single yoni flag size and artistic in value. The idol of Mookambika Devi is believed to be of 1200 years old. One can see a huge deepasthambam (a pillar to hold lamps) with its base like a tortoise’s head. It has around 21 beautiful concentric circles which resemble that of Makara Jyothi (of Sabarimala Temple) when all the lamps are lit. Beyond the Garbhagriha are four types of idols of Lord Ganapathi. Of these, the Dasa Bhuja Ganapathi and Balamuri Ganapathi are of special interest as these are beautifully sculpted using white marble. There is an image of a serpent which is worshipped to remove the evil effects of Sarpodosa and other doshas. Other deities of the temple are Lord Muruga, Goddess Saraswathi, Lord Pranalingeswara, Lord Prartheshwar, Mukya Prana and Veerabadra Swamy. Another feature of the temple is the Shankara Peeta where Adi Shankara meditated. Mookambika Temple Festivals The important festivals celebrated at Mookambika temple are the Pancha Pooja and Thrikala Bali festivals. Nithyotsava is a ritual, performed everyday. Varothsavam is a weekly ritual, held every Friday, at around six pm between Janmashtami and Navrathri. Pakshotsavam is a fortnightly ritual which involves carrying the deity on all new moon days and full moon days. Varshika Uthsavam is an annual festival held every year in the month of March and is held for ten full days. Navratri festival, celebrated during October - November, is considered to be most auspicious in the temple. Thousands of children are brought to Mookambika Devi temple during Navarathri festival to perform the Vidyarambham ceremony – Vidya Arambam is a Hindu tradition of initiating their children in to the world of education and knowledge. On the Vijaya Dasami day, Vidyarambam begins at 4 AM in the morning. Mookambika Temple Music Festival is a 9 day music festival celebrated at the temple every January. Temple Timings Mookambika Temple opens daily at 5:00 AM for darshan and closes at 9.00 PM at night. Here are the details of temple darshan timings Morning – 05:00 AM to 1:30 PM Evening – 03:00 PM to 09:00 PM Click Here for Sri Mookambika Temple Pooja Timings How to reach Kollur Mookambika Temple By Road Kollur can easily be reached from Karnataka, Tamilnadu, and Kerala by road. Kollur is about 80 km from Udupi and 50 km from Mangalore. Regular bus services are available from Mangalore and Udupi to Kollur. There are direct buses from Mangalore and Kundapur to Kollur. Kollur Bus Station, Mangalore KSRTC Bus Station, Udupi Bus Stand, and Kundapur Bus Station are some of the nearest bus stations to reach Kollur. By Train Mangalore Railway Station, Byndoor Railway Station, and Udupi Railway Station are the nearest railway station to reach Kollur Mookambika Temple. By Air / Flight The nearest airport is the Mangalore Airport at Bajpe which is 60 km from Udupi. Tourist Places in and near Mookambika Temple Udupi Krishna Temple, Arasina Makki - a famous waterfall, Kudachadri - the beautiful mountain range, Mookambika Wildlife Sanctuary on the Kundapur - Kollur road and Govinda Theertha waterfalls are noteworthy places to visit. Tourist Places Around Kollur Some of the famous tourist attractions around Kollur Mookambika Temple are 1000 Pillar Temple at Moodabidri, Murudeshwar Temple dedicated to Lord Shiva (famous for the World's tallest Shiva Statue), Apsara Konda at Honnavar, End Point at Manipal, Gokarna, Jog Falls, Karwar Sharavathi Valley, Kudremukh, Kundapur Beach, Malpe Beach, Maravanthe Beach, St Marys Island Rocks water at udupi-Malpe, and Yana are worth visiting.	http://www.hindudevotionalblog.com/2010/10/kollur-mookambika-devi-temple-in.html

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