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The purposes of rituals are varied; they include compliance with religious obligations or ideals, satisfaction of spiritual or emotional needs of the practitioners, strengthening of social bonds, demonstration of respect or submission, stating one's affiliation or, sometimes, just for the pleasure of the ritual itself.
In typical rites, the coven or solitary assembles inside a ritually cast and purified Magick Circle. Casting the Circle may involve the invocation of the "Guardians" of the cardinal points, alongside their respective classical element; Air, Fire, Water and Earth. Once the Circle is cast, a ritual may be performed, prayers to the God and Goddess are said, and spells are sometimes worked.
There are other tools that might be mentioned, but in many cases its better to touch on the content before adding the window dressings. It's important to understand that Wicca and Witchcraft are not simply about casting spells and getting your heart's desire. One must begin by understanding themselves and gathering the knowledge necessary to understand how and why spells work and why ritual is important. As with learning most anything, it's best to have a firm base of understanding before jumping in and trying anything.
Ritual can evoke deep individual experiences and perceptions, or initiate incredible meaning for a group. In a group setting, someone may facilitate the ritual, bringing every member of the group into the pattern. In some cases, each member takes a turn or plays a role in the ritual. Solitary practitioners enact rituals alone. Not all witches or Wiccans work ritual frequently, and many do not follow exact processes. Each ritual, and each group enacting a ritual, is likely to have its own flavor and form, as unique as the people at that gathering. That is how it should be, for among witches human diversity is considered a strength, not a weakness. | http://www.silvermooncrow.com/Ritual/ |
Why Time Travel Is Already Possible, According To NASA
Many of us have seen science fiction or fantasy movies, or read novels that feature time travel. One of the most famous of these is the "Back to the Future" trilogy from the '80s which starred Michael J. Fox as Marty McFly and Christopher Lloyd as Doc Brown. In the trilogy, Doc Brown hilariously turns a DMC DeLorean into a time-traveling machine that brings him and his compatriot on adventures through time. The concept of time travel has wide appeal in popular culture as, let's face it, who wouldn't want to be able to travel into the past or the future?
The reality, however, is somewhat more mundane. While we can't necessarily time travel in the way we imagine, powerful telescopes like the Hubble space telescope do actually let us look back in time to how the universe once was. It might not be as exciting as traveling through time in a DeLorean, but it is certainly the next best thing. For example, early this month, astronomers announced that they had observed a star, (dubbed Earendel), that existed as little as 900 million years after the Big Bang.
This star is believed to be one of the earliest stars in existence and is thought to have died in a fiery explosion 13 billion years ago. However, because the light from Earendal has taken over 13 billion years to reach the Hubble telescope, we have effectively been able to look back in time to what Earendel looked like before it exploded.
We can travel in time, just not like in the movies
Earendel was observed using an effect where the fabric of space-time is warped by gravity – a phenomenon predicted by Einstein. This causes light to bend as it passes by objects with large masses, like planets, suns, or even galaxies, allowing us to see around and even behind these objects. The effect is known as gravitational lensing and is part of Einstein's theory of general relativity. Einstein's theory also has implications for how we experience time, which, as it turns out, is relative. At a most basic level, as NASA explains, we all travel through time at approximately the same speed of one second per second. But the way we experience time changes according to both how fast we are traveling and the way gravity influences space-time.
NASA described an experiment to show that the faster you travel, the slower you experience time. It involved having a clock measuring time on the ground and a clock measuring time onboard an airplane traveling in the same direction as the Earth rotates. After the plane finished its journey around the globe, the scientists found that the clock on the plane had traveled through time slightly slower than the clock on the ground. Because of these same time dilation effects, after spending 1 year in space on the low Earth-orbiting ISS, astronaut Scott Kelly was technically 0.01 seconds younger than his twin brother Mark who stayed on Earth.
Time travel in everyday life
Many of us have used GPS on a phone, a watch, or while driving a car to navigate. For some of us, it's an everyday tool we can scarcely live without. However, as you may know, GPS relies on satellites, (31 in total), of which at least four are needed to communicate with your device on the ground to accurately let you know where you are located or help navigate you to where you want to go.
However, as these satellites are orbiting above the Earth at 12,550 miles above the surface, and thus at a height where the effects of Earth's gravity are considerably weaker than they are on the surface, time actually passes more quickly – by a fraction of a second. As a result, the scientists who run the global GPS system have to compensate for this difference in how time passes for the system to offer a level of accuracy that's useful to you in real-time. So while we aren't currently able to travel through time in the most extravagant ways we've come to wish for courtesy of science fiction stories, we are each time travelers anyway — so says NASA! | https://www.slashgear.com/830826/why-time-travel-is-already-possible-according-to-nasa/ |
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The present patent application refers to particular upper level key parameter definitions for a logical sensor for Internal Combustion engines (Compression Ignited or Spark Ignited working in Controlled Auto Ignition mode) named SBS (Software Biodiesel Sensor), which identifies a diesel/biodiesel mixture present in a vehicle fuel tank, using software-based algorithms to identify the fraction of FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) vegetal-based oil or oil produced from organic waste blended into a crude oil based diesel fuel (average chemical formula CH) and thereafter adapts the engine control strategy as a function of this fraction.
Furthermore the defined upper level key parameter set can be used to detect or enhance the detection of a specific type of FAME vegetal-based oil or oil produced from organic waste used in the blend (e.g. soya bean, palm oil or other) used as baseline bio-fuel.
In a diesel or Compression Ignited (CI) engine, i.e., Diesel cycle, air, normally diluted by a small controlled fraction of residual gas, is compressed at a volume ratio from approximately 12:1 to 20:1, and liquid fuel is sprayed into the cylinder during the compression stroke near the top dead center position of the piston (TDC).
Since both the pressure and temperature of the cylinder contents at the time of injection are very high, chemical reactions begin as soon as the first droplets of injected fuel enter the cylinder.
FIG. 1
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a
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shows the main parts by which the combustion process is accomplished in a modern Cl-engine. The fuel is transferred from the tank () through an appropriate filter () to a high-pressure pump (), which delivers the fuel at a pressure between 130 and 200 MPa to a rail () common for all the fuel injectors (to ). An Electron Control Unit (ECU) (), which gathers information of engine speed, temperature, fuel pressure () and load target, adapts the engine control parameters to optimize the number of injections and their duration to meet both load target and exhaust gas pollution requirements. The injector atomizers are designed to produce a spray pattern (), which is adapted individually to the combustion chamber geometry ().
However, in a Cl-engine the chemical reactions start so slowly that the usual manifestations of combustion, such as a measurable pressure rise, occur only after the expiration of an appreciable period of time, called the delay period. The sum of the injection and the delay periods characterizes the first phase of combustion.
The delay period is followed by a pressure rise, which is conditioned by the fuel used, the total quantity of fuel injected with respect to the air trapped in the cylinder (Air-Fuel ratio, A/F), the number of injections on which the total amount of fuel is distributed and the Crank Angle (CA) values at which the injections are performed. The pressure-rise period characterizes the second phase of combustion.
3
The third phase of combustion, called phase , starts after the maximum combustion pressure is reached. This blow-down phase will determine the nature and volume of the different post combustion products in the exhaust gas (NOx, particulate matter, aldehydes, etc.) and is equally heavily influenced by an appropriate multiple injection strategy.
FIG. 2
shows a typical generic pressure-CA diagram for a diesel engine in which only one single injection is performed in the period between 40° and 20° CA before Top Dead Center (TDC) of the compression stroke. The dashed line represents compression and expansion of air only, without combustion. The continuous line represents compression and expansion with combustion. The injection period is followed by the delay period and their sum equals phase one.
The main combustion takes place during the pressure rise, called phase two, which terminates at the maximum combustion pressure. For a given fixed definition of the A/F-ratio, the injection strategy, the combustion chamber geometry and the fuel composition, the CA-lengths of phase one and two, as well as the Pmax-value (slope of pressure rise) are parameters that have a cycle-to-cycle variation of less than ±3% at a given load point of the engine.
Phase three (Blow-down) will by the combustion chamber temperature distribution (absolute level and homogeneity) largely influence the production of unwanted post-combustion products in the exhaust gas.
It is important to understand that the complete pressure-CA diagram together with the induced exhaust gas temperature represent a unilateral signature of both the complete chemical and thermodynamic combustion process (pressure-CA diagram) and the potential equilibrium of pollutant matter in the exhaust gas (Temperature) for a given set of fixed boundary conditions (engine speed, load, injection strategy, overall engine temperature, well-defined standard fuel composition).
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The important characteristics of typical commercial diesel fuel (average chemical formula CH) are the ignition quality, density, heat of combustion, volatility (phase one and two, as well as Pmax), cleanliness and non-corrosiveness. All, but the two last properties, are completely interrelated. This is why the combustion quality of commercial diesel fuel is rated by the cetane number. As in the case of octane rating of gasoline, diesel fuels are rated with respect to combustion quality by a method that uses engine-test comparisons with reference fuels (e.g. American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) Standard D613).
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The primary reference fuels are normal cetane (CH), straight chain paraffin having excellent ignition quality, and alpha-methylnaphthalene (CHCH), a naphthenic compound having very poor ignition quality. A special engine with a compression ignition cylinder is used as standard equipment for this type of test.
The percentage of cetane in a blend of the above indicated reference fuels giving the same ignition delay as the fuel under test is taken as the cetane number of the fuel in test. As the pressure-CA diagram is a unilateral signature of the combustion process, the cetane number is a unilateral signature of the fuel combustion quality.
The important consequence is that if all engine parameters are kept constant and fuel with a different cetane number is used, the pressure-CA diagram signature will change as phase one, two and the Pmax-value change.
2
In recent years, the presence of bio-fuel blends for SI-engines (mixing of pure gasoline and ethanol at various fractions—flex fuel) has become popular as a very efficient and practical means to decrease the amount of COpermanently stored in the atmosphere.
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Therefore, mixing current diesel fuel with a fraction of FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) vegetal-based oil has been suggested. The higher the percentage of FAME-oil the more important the decrease of the amount of COpermanently added to the atmosphere. A mixture containing “x”% of FAME oil and (100-x)% of fossil oil will be referred to as a “Bx” mixture.
For current commercial diesel engines, a FAME-oil fraction of less than 20% is acceptable without major changes in the CR-rail based injection strategy. Unfortunately, at fractions between 20 and 100% the reaction of the combustion process becomes uncontrollable with combustion patterns, which gradually features extreme detonation conditions. An immediate consequence is an important increase in both specific fuel consumption and in exhaust gas pollutants, and it can eventually lead to a total misfiring, and in extreme cases, the destruction of the engine.
The pure commercial diesel fuel has an average cetane number of approximately 42, whereas the cetane number of a 100% Fame-oil is typically around 60. The cetane number of a 20% FAME-oil fraction will be approximately 48 to 49, which explains why above this percentage the combustion becomes uncontrollable and action is necessary.
The design of a strategy for recognition of a biodiesel fraction, Bx, of FAME-oil blended into a crude oil based diesel fuel and the layout of a software-based sensing technique to create an image of the temporal combustion behavior (pressure-CA), which uses sensors already in service for current CR-mixture preparation systems, was proposed by the patent PI 090653 “SBS Logical Biodiesel Sensor”.
The patent PI 090653 states that if the engine load and the mixture preparation system parameters are kept constant, a change in the combustion pressure-CA diagram (sum of injection duration and combustion delay, pressure rise/slope and Pmax-value, which hereafter are referred to as the three combustion key parameters) will be an expression of the fuel composition (cetane number), and consequently, an indicator of the percentage of FAME-oil blended into the crude oil based diesel fuel.
FIG. 3
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max
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max
water
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wate
water
The identification of a change in the three combustion key parameters is made according to the scheme indicated by the . Each of the three combustion key parameters () is listed in a two-dimensional look-up table (, and ). The break points are located on an engine speed axis (x) and an engine load axis (y). The upper and lower values (N, N, Land L) of engine speed and load define the spatial window () within which identification can take place. Reference key parameters exist in the same format and are engine/vehicle specific and located in the ECU memory area where they were loaded during the initial development of the engine specific calibration. In general, there is a complete set of reference combustion key parameter maps for hot engine handling (T>Threshold° C.) and another set for cold engine handling (Tr<Threshold° C.), but these are neither mandatory nor limitative.
During the intensive experimental work done to verify all features suggested by the patent PI 090653, it was observed that a certain number of other parameters can be used in particular engine configurations, either to supplement or to substitute one or more of the primary key-parameters claimed by the patent. The application of these new key-parameters, hereafter referred to as upper level key-parameters can be used to either simplify the engine mapping or increase the precision of the computation of the instantaneous cetane number and thereby the recognition of the biodiesel fraction Bx.
The new upper level key-parameters are the engine torque target, as for example computed by the Engine Control Unit (ECU), the combustion noise as measured by, for example a low cost automotive accelerometer mounted on the engine block, and the stoichiometric ratio measured, for example, by an oxygen sensor in the exhaust system in conjunction with the instantaneous fuel consumption measured by the ECU.
The invention proposes in addition to the primary key-parameters used for the recognition of the fraction of bio-fuel blended into the normal diesel fuel by the logical biodiesel sensor described by patent PI 090653 the application of one or more of three upper level key-parameters with the purpose of either simplifying the engine preload mapping or increasing the precision of the instantaneous cetane number computation, and thereby the recognition of the biodiesel fraction Bx.
FIG. 4
During intensive experimental work to characterize the three primary key-parameters (sum of injection duration and combustion delay, pressure rise/slope and Pmax-value) on Common Rail (CR) small displacement passenger car diesel engines, it was learned that the engine torque target, computed by ECU from the sensor input based on the intelligent sensing of the instantaneous crankshaft acceleration proposed by PI 090653, in conjunction with specific single or multiple injection strategies (non limitative), can lead to a unilateral relationship between the biodiesel fraction Bx and the computed torque value. shows a recorded experimental result of the relationship between computed engine torque and Bx over a speed range between 1500 and 3000 rpm.
This excellent monotonous unilateral relationship will not always be present for any diesel combustion chamber and injection system, but when it is available, it directly integrates the specific behavior of the three primary key-parameters and is therefore referred to as the Integral torque upper level key-parameter.
The change in the Integral torque upper level key-parameter, when available, is an image of the changes in all the primary key-parameters and can therefore be translated into the corresponding evolution in the cetane number. This evolution is compared to an engine/vehicle specific functional mapping that was located in the ECU memory area during the initial development of the engine specific calibration.
The use of this specific functional torque mapping located in the ECU memory, which substitutes the three primary key-parameters by the integral torque upper level key-parameter needs only a tabular one-dimensional vector for each type of bio-fuel, and therefore offers a less complicated scheme than the corresponding mapping of the three separate primary key-parameters. This enables a substantial gain in the required memory area and time needed for calibration.
FIG. 5
During the above mentioned intensive experimental work to characterize the three primary key-parameters (sum of injection duration and combustion delay, pressure rise/slope and Pmax-value) on CR small displacement passenger car diesel engines, it was also learned that the emitted engine combustion noise level measured by the ECU from an appropriate low-cost automotive accelerometer sensor (non limitative) located in an appropriate position on the engine block, in conjunction with the above mentioned specific single or multiple injection strategies, can also lead to a unilateral relationship between the biodiesel fraction Bx and the emitted combustion noise. shows a recorded experimental result of the relationship between emitted engine combustion noise intensity and Bx over a speed range between 1500 and 3000 rpm.
As for the Integral torque upper level key-parameter, this excellent monotonous unilateral relationship cannot always be obtained for any diesel combustion chamber and injection system, but when it is available it directly integrates the specific behavior of the three primary key-parameters and is therefore referred to as the Integral noise upper level key-parameter.
The change in the Integral noise upper level key-parameter, when available, is an image of the changes in all the primary key-parameters and can therefore be translated into the corresponding evolution in the cetane number. This evolution is compared to an engine/vehicle specific functional mapping located in the ECU memory area during the initial development of the engine specific calibration. The use of this specific functional noise mapping located in the ECU memory, which substitutes the three primary key-parameters by the integral noise upper level key-parameter needs only a tabular one-dimensional vector for each type of bio-fuel, and therefore offers a less complicated scheme than the corresponding mapping of the three separate primary key-parameters. This enables a substantial gain in the required memory area and time needed for calibration.
FIG. 6
Finally during the same intensive experimental work to characterize the three primary key-parameters (sum of injection duration and combustion delay, pressure rise/slope and Pmax-value) on CR small displacement passenger car diesel engines, it was also learned that the stoichiometric ratio measured by an oxygen sensor (non limitative and not always present on a diesel engine assembly) in the engine exhaust system, in conjunction with the above mentioned specific single or multiple injection strategies, can lead to a unilateral relationship between the biodiesel fraction Bx and the instantaneous stoichiometric ratio computed by the ECU. shows a recorded experimental result of the relationship between stoichiometric ratio and Bx over a speed range between 1500 and 3000 rpm.
As for the Integral torque upper level key parameter and the Integral noise upper level key parameter this excellent monotonous unilateral relationship cannot always be obtained for any diesel combustion chamber and injection system, but when it is available it directly integrates the specific behavior of the three primary key-parameters and is therefore referred to as the Integral stoichiometric upper level key-parameter.
The change in the Integral stoichiometric upper level key-parameter, when available, is an image of the changes in all the primary key-parameters and can therefore be translated into the corresponding evolution in the cetane number. This evolution is compared to an engine/vehicle specific functional mapping located in the ECU memory area during the initial development of the engine specific calibration. The use of this specific functional stoichiometric mapping located in the ECU memory, which substitutes the three primary key-parameters by the integral stoichiometric upper level key-parameter needs only a tabular one-dimensional vector for each type of bio-fuel, and therefore offers a less complicated scheme than the corresponding mapping of the three separate primary key-parameters. This enables a substantial gain in the required memory area and time needed for calibration.
As mentioned above for all three upper level key-parameters, the excellent monotonous unilateral relationship between key-parameters and the biodiesel fraction Bx cannot always be found over a large engine speed/load window. It can happen that this relationship can be found only in small separate windows or not at all.
In the case of presence of this relationship only in small separate windows, they cannot be used as substitutes of the three primary key-parameters, but when available, they can be used to increase the precision of detection of the bio-fuel fraction Bx in conjunction with the estimated change in the three primary key-parameters.
When no intelligent information can be obtained from the change in the upper level key-parameters, the detection algorithms will use, as indicated by the patent application PI 090653, only the primary key-parameters.
FIG. 7
604
605
As mentioned by the patent PI 090653, and shown in , a further enrichment of the reverse engineering methodology claimed by the invention is the possibility to detect the specific type of the FAME vegetal-based oil or oil produced from organic waste used in the blend (e.g. soya bean, palm oil or other). When a vegetal-based oil different from the reference FAME oil is burned one or more of the three primary key combustion parameters will, for a given percentage Bx of vegetal-based oil, change with respect to the reference FAME oil condition. This means a change in the cetane number for Bx with respect to the reference FAME oil condition (, ).
The detection is possible if each vegetal-based oil or bio-fuel produced from organic waste material, and different from the reference FAME oil, is tested on the engine during the engine/vehicle specific initial calibration, and the corresponding maps of the primary and/or upper-level combustion key parameters and cetane numbers are located in the ECU memory area during this initial development of the specific engine calibration.
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605
FIG. 7
If such a shift in reference values for the pure biodiesel component (B) must be operated by the ECU one or more of the three upper level key-parameters can be used, as the primary key-parameters, to perform the shift with the purpose of either simplifying the engine preload mapping or increasing computation precision to operate the shift in reference Bx and related cetane numbers, ().
STATE OF ART
BODY OF THE INVENTION
PRACTICAL REALIZATION OF THE INVENTION
LIST OF FIGURES
The present invention will be better understood in the light of the attached drawings, given as illustration only without limiting the scope of the invention, in which:
1
FIG. —An example that shows the main parts by which the combustion process is accomplished in a modern Cl-engine;
2
FIG. —An example that shows a typical generic pressure-CA diagram;
3
FIG. —An example that shows a block-diagram of logical data flow for the primary key-parameters as used in patent PI 090653;
4
FIG. —An example that shows the change under certain engine conditions of the engine torque versus the biodiesel fraction Bx;
5
FIG. —An example that shows the change under certain engine conditions of the engine combustion noise versus the biodiesel fraction Bx;
6
FIG. —An example that shows the change under certain engine conditions of the stoichiometric ratio measured in the exhaust system versus the biodiesel fraction Bx;
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FIG. —An example that shows a block-diagram of logical data flow used for detection of a specific baseline bio-fuel Bx; | |
An ELISA microplate reader is a spectrophotometer designed to read the results obtained from the ELISA, this technique is used in laboratories to determine the presence of specific antibodies or antigens in samples. The technique is based on the detection of an antigen or antibodies captured on a solid surface using direct or secondary, labeled antibodies, which produce a reaction whose product can be read by the spectrophotometer.
The ELISA microplate reader is used when reading the results of the ELISA technique, since it has the property of detecting the light emitted by samples that have been pipetted into a microplate, thus determining the presence of specific antibodies or antigens present in a sample. These readers are able to analyze 96 or more microplates wells with samples, being very useful in laboratories, as they allow reducing the consumption of reagents and samples, offering a great yield.
How does an ELISA microplate reader work?
The ELISA microplate reader is considered to be a specialized spectrophotometer. Unlike the conventional spectrophotometer that provides readings over a wide range of wavelengths, the microplate of the reader has diffraction filters or grids that limit the wavelength range compared to that used in ELISA, usually between 400 nm to 750 nm (nanometers). Although some ELISA readers are able to operate in the ultraviolet range and perform analyzes between 340 and 700 nm.
This microplate reader has an optical system that typically uses optical fibers to deliver light to microplate wells containing the samples. The light beam passing through the sample has a diameter of between 1 and 3 mm. A detection system then detects the light coming from the sample, amplifies the signal and determines the absorbance. A reading system converts it into data allowing interpretation of test results. Some microplate readers use double-light systems.
How do microplates work?
Samples during the ELISA test are placed in specially designed plates (microplates) with a specific number of wells in which the procedure or test is carried out. Generally 8 column plates by 12 rows with a total of 96 wells are common.
There are also plates with a greater number of wells for more specialized applications, as it is advised for such techniques and applications to increase the number of wells (plates of 384 wells) reduce the amount of reagents and samples used and higher yield. The location of the optical sensors of the microplate reader may vary depending on the manufacturer: it can be located above the sample plate, or directly below the wells of the plate.
When is an ELISA microplate reader employed?
The microplate reader is used when reading the results of ELISA tests. This technique has a direct application in immunology and serology. Among other applications, it confirms the presence of antibodies or antigens of an infectious agent in an organism, antibodies of a vaccine or autoantibodies, for example, in rheumatoid arthritis.
Our Kalstein ELISA microplate readers provide the performance you need to solve your analytical challenges. The needs of each laboratory are unique. So you should choose the right microplate reader to fit your needs.
What does Kalstein offer you?
Kalstein is a manufacturer of medical and laboratory equipment of the highest quality and the best technology at the best PRICES in the market, so you can make your PURCHASE confidently with us, knowing that you have the service and advice of a company specialized in the field and committed to provide you with safe, economical and effective options to perform your functions in the right way.
This time we present our Elisa Reader YR05128. This innovative equipment with cutting edge technology has the following features:
- 8-channel optical system, quantitative and qualitative test. | https://kalstein.pl/elisa-microplate-reader-when-do-we-need-to-use-it/ |
Presenting Bloomen & Blockchain Concepts to Cyprus Government
Blockchain technology and crypto currencies could have reaching implications – many of those innovative. In an information meeting Bloomen project partner Antenna discussed concepts and potential outcomes with the tax commissioner of Cyprus.
The main goal of the exchange was to mutually exchange views on blockchain implications. Present at the meeting were Mr. Yiannis Tsangaris, Tax Commissioner of Cyprus for the Ministry of Finance. Other attendants were Ms. Natasa Akkidou, Deputy Tax Comissioner and technicians from the IT department.
Michalis Odysseos, Innovation Manager from Antenna provided an overview and presented key goals of Bloomen as a project:
- A visual representation of the project and how mobile wallets work.
- Current and future concepts of watching TV through the Internet.
- The concept of token payments and how predefined tax (VAT) could be paid directly to the wallet of a Tax authority.
- The importance of fair distribution of copyrighted content and how the Bloomen projects aims to eradicate the misuse of copyrights.
- Discussion of benefits for customers, related to current models based on blockchain and token models, i.e. less need for extensive personal info, no credit bank account to use.
As a result the group discussed potential implications in the future, such as how a government can ensure payment of taxes for blockchain-driven transactions. The participants agreed to follow future developments in this space and to conduct additional exchange when more results from the Bloomen project become available. | https://bloomen.io/presenting-bloomen-blockchain-concepts-to-cyprus-government/ |
The vibrant and diverse San Diego County economy, distinguished by an abundance of high-tech, telecom and biomedical companies, is projected to continue its impressive growth through 2012 and there is little doubt that information technology -- and those who work in the field -- will play a critical role.
Many of the area's largest employers, including Sharp Healthcare, Qualcomm (Nasdaq: QCOM), Pacific Bell and SAIC, will rely on a deep pool of local talent to fill an increasing number of well-paying computer and IT jobs.
These companies will need a steady stream of trained and certified IT professionals if they are to maintain performance and strategically plan for an even more productive and promising future. It will be the computer training centers that have emerged over the past few years providing the bulk of this much-needed talent.
The demand for employees is on the rise, particularly in the high-tech, telecom, electronics and biomedical industries because those sectors are experiencing rapid growth due to the increased demand for their products and services from both consumers and business.
The number of jobs in high-tech alone currently represents 16 percent of San Diego's total employment picture, according to statistics from the San Diego Regional Economic Development Corp. (SDREDC). But there's also hefty demand in many other jobs, from retail to real estate and practically everything in between, because of the increased prevalence of technology in the world today.
"The rapid spread of computers and information technology has created a demand for highly trained professionals who can design, implement and maintain complex information systems and incorporate these systems into new and existing businesses," explained Darren Waddell, a career placement adviser for Miramar-based MicroSkills, one of the area's leading suppliers of certified IT professionals. "This is especially true in San Diego, where there is a concentration of industries that rely heavily on information technology. Those industries are creating tremendous demand for jobs as networking professionals, technical support, inter-and intranet development, database management and applications development."
According to statistics provided by the California Employment Development Department (EDD), 11 of the top 15 fastest growing occupations in San Diego County are in the computer and IT industries. In addition, the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics indicates that this industry is projected to experience the fastest wage and salary employment growth through 2010, nearly doubling from 2.1 million jobs to almost 4 million.
Waddell says these jobs are paying extremely well, even for entry-level type positions.
For example, the median hourly wage for a San Diego County information systems manager in 2004 is $44.92 with an annual salary of more than $93,000. San Diego-area database administrators can expect to earn more than $57,000 annually, network and computer systems administrators around $70,000 and computer hardware engineers almost $90,000. These figures were released by the EDD in June 2004 following its Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey.
From an economic impact standpoint, higher paying jobs allow individuals the opportunity to consume additional goods and services, which contributes dollars to the area's economic base in the form of sales taxes and an increased gross regional product.
According to figures provided by the SDREDC, San Diego's gross regional product was just $66 billion in 1991. But it exceeded $126 billion in 2002, providing strong evidence of increased spending consistent with this industry's sustained growth even during a prolonged nationwide recession.
San Diego County has a history of being somewhat recession-resistant due to its diverse economy and varied employment profile, as well as its relatively low unemployment rate as a result of the proliferation of jobs in the technology sector.
Because of the ready supply of qualified IT professionals, the increasing number of successful, financially solvent companies in this industry and related sectors further insulates the local economy because of the jobs and tax contributions they provide.
With the demand for quality workers remaining strong, the employment outlook, an important indicator of the area's economic health, is rosy for the foreseeable future.
According to the EDD, San Diego County's overall employment is expected to jump 15 percent by 2008, an increase of nearly 187,000 jobs, and all major industries are expected to experience gains. Many of those jobs will require the skills of highly trained and certified IT professionals.
Waddell says that as the region continues to experience robust economic health, more startup companies and entrepreneurs are drawn here to take advantage of a well-educated, highly productive work force, appealing climate and renowned quality of life.
Individual and business investments will be made in companies deciding to establish or relocate their businesses here, adding further demand to an already healthy job market, contributing more dollars in taxes and boosting the area's gross regional product.
"The occupations in these clusters are crucial to the area's economic well being both now and in the future," said Michael Schuermer, director of research for the SDREDC. "They pay well above the median wage for all jobs, and in many cases twice as much. Not only do they provide a good living and a strong multiplier effect as the wages ripple through the economy, but their numbers and prominence helps define San Diego County as a region of innovation and that, in turn, helps foster even more growth in our cutting edge industries."
Unquestionably, the burgeoning size of the IT industry has created a more diverse range and sheer number of positions than existed previously. But the likelihood exists for a potentially negative impact on the economy if businesses in this industry didn't have an ample supply of qualified IT professionals from colleges and certified training centers.
"Filling these jobs with qualified workers -- and, by extension, the resulting success of our high-tech companies -- would be impossible without quality educational institutions to prepare that work force," Schuermer said.
Barrett is head writer at Beck Ellman Heald public relations. | http://www.sddt.com/Reports/article.cfm?RID=268&SourceCode=20041105rb&_t=Local+economy+benefits+from+steady+supply+of+IT+professionals |
The benefits of education go beyond the individual. Along with offering a chance for a richer, much more fulfilling life, education aids to construct a society with values and also civil liberties. It likewise prepares people for their adult lives, when choices will certainly need to be made concerning their work and also personal lives. Here are several of the reasons why education and learning is essential. Listed below are a few of the very best disagreements for education. Continue reading to learn why education is so essential.
Subsidiarity is a crucial principle of usual life, first located institutionally in a papal encyclical released in 1881. Its central concept is that human affairs are best dealt with at the lowest level feasible. It can aid enhance civil society and mutual partnerships, and also it offers a powerful reasoning for looking beyond individuals. In a globe in which human beings are treated as equivalent in self-respect, reason, as well as conscience, education must be concentrated on advertising these features and broadening perspectives.
The modern concept of education and learning can be a hazardous concept if it limits the range of knowing. It can make individuals neglect that the fundamental skill of surviving is to be informed and also to discover just how to use these skills. Moreover, formal education can lead to over-staging experience. This can be damaging to one’s development as well as development as well as avoid further experience from taking place. This is why the most progressive educational systems are developed to nurture and also boost the growth of individuals by offering chances for additional development.
The significance of experience is important for the future of mankind. Despite the fact that education and learning is an integral part of human life, it can be an overly-rational idea. Research studies reveal that it is a necessary part of a flourishing culture. Additionally, it is vital to take into consideration exactly how finding out experiences can be useful for the future of society. In a lot of cases, discovering is a method to boost the top quality of the lives of those who are involved.
The function of education and learning is to create an individual. The topic is just the tool for this function. Knowledge and ideas are used to form a person. The objective of education and learning is to develop a culture in which all human beings can take advantage of the exact same points. The utmost objective of education is to develop a society of respect for all types of society. By creating a culture in which education is beneficial, the entire population will certainly expand closer to the worths of the society.
Education is one of the most crucial aspect of life. It is necessary for a person to grow as well as establish as she or he grows. It shows them exactly how to read and research and also provides access to information. It also provides an understanding of what their life is everything about. On top of that, it helps them to grow as an individual throughout their lives. In addition, it helps them to uncover and also recognize the world. They can discover as well as recognize a lot regarding various societies and also the background of the world.
The objective of education is to develop an individual’s potential to become a liable resident. Simply put, education and learning is the act of developing an individual’s ability to make smart decisions. The best method to do that is to create a society of respect. For instance, by concentrating on the positive aspects of a society, education helps to develop a community. Nonetheless, it is necessary to keep in mind that the more a person appreciates a culture, the much better.
The most basic aspect of education and learning is to liberate people by cultivating a spirit of exploration. It is likewise crucial to emphasize that education is the process of acquiring understanding. It is essential to ensure that people learn more about the globe. This will help them to come to be a lot more successful people. By cultivating a society of knowledge, we will certainly create a much better society. By making sure that people can express their real selves, education is the vital to boosting our culture.
The objective of education is to establish the human spirit. It is essential for individuals to really feel excellent regarding themselves as well as others. Along with aiding people create a feeling of self-respect, it additionally helps them comprehend the globe around them. As a matter of fact, this is just one of the most vital factors for education. There is no way to truly alter the world unless we agree to alter it. And this is what makes education and learning so crucial. By promoting the virtues of empathy, we are promoting compassion.
Even more, education helps develop a much better society. A well-educated population is more likely to make more cash. Further, the much more educated population is, the extra thriving the country will be. Likewise, the more literate a country is, the more likely it will certainly be. Over time, an enlightened society is much more prosperous. The same is true for people. A highly informed population is much more efficient and also successful.
In addition to social and economic advancement, education additionally assists develop a country’s culture. An enlightened populace can contribute to a country’s economy by adding to the growth of the country. In addition, a highly enlightened populace can contribute to the growth of a country. Those with reduced literacy rates are likely to be unemployed. This suggests that higher proficiency rates are important for a country’s financial growth. It is necessary for a nation to develop an informed population.
An educated population is much more efficient and also effective. Increasingly, education aids youngsters become better people. It improves their skills and also prepares them for the workplace. Moreover, education and learning likewise aids children create socially accountable residents. It provides a feeling of belonging in culture. It helps them in their future endeavors. There are lots of sorts of education and it can be used to enlighten a child. If the latter is not well-educated, it can lead to discovering impairments. Have a peek here
The guiding eidos of the leading group is the concept of a society. The principle is an idea in the equality of all individuals, and also is the basis of education. It is an idea in the good of culture and is essential to the lives of people. The higher the proficiency rate of a country, the extra it can benefit its economic climate. As a result, a country’s economic situation is not a successful one unless its population is informed. | http://chantier-naval-sibiril.com/2022/04/07/vital-realities-that-you-ought-to-learn-about-education-and-learning/ |
Bank lending on the decline: What will drive economic recovery?
By Perry Munzwembiri
Since the turn of the new millennium, Zimbabwe’s economy has been on a downward trajectory, characterised by hyperinflation, chronic unemployment and soaring national debt levels.
The introduction of the multi-currency system reversed this negative trend and the economy appeared to stabilise somewhat.
However, recent economic events give evidence of an economy that has plateaued. The question begs however; what role if any can banks play in aiding the Zimbabwe’s economic recovery?
In modern financial markets, banks play an intermediary role between businesses, individuals as well as households. This intermediary role implies that banks bring together borrowers and savers in markets. Savers with surplus funds deposit their money with banks, and earn interest for doing so.
On the other hand, individuals and businesses can either borrow for consumption or investment purposes respectively from the banks. It is through this process of accepting deposits and lending them out that banks play a crucial role in an economy.
A Closer Look at Home
Production in local industries has remained hamstrung, and this has had significant knock on effects as with no production, there is no employment, no revenue growth; ultimately leading to low disposable incomes.
The economic environment presently prevailing provides space for the banking sector to step in with funding and aid economic recovery nevertheless.
Only to the extent that the banking sector fully plays its intermediary role and lends out money for productive purposes, can it contribute to the economy`s recovery. Statistics reveal however, that credit to the private sector actually declined in January to 3, 56 Billion from 3, 65 in December 2013.
This is hardly surprising given the liquidity challenges, the suppressed deposit base we witness locally and the need for banks to raise capital. Without the much needed credit creation by the banking sector, the economy cannot be stimulated into the recovery mode it badly needs.
Faced with shortage of bank funding, historically economies have recovered from economic crises either through increased public sector spending, consumer spending and private sector spending, to spur economic activity.
However the Zimbabwean situation shows us that all these types of spending have been greatly constrained and the economy has stagnated, as witnessed by the economy entering into deflation last month. This, underscoring the need for an efficient banking sector if the economy is to recover.
The overall health of the banking sector or lack thereof however has somewhat been symptomatic of the well-being of the economy on the whole. Since 2003, there has been on average, one bank crisis every year, and this reflects the overall dysfunctional economic system in the country.
A fully fledged banking sector that is able to perform its roles of credit creation, providing efficient payment platforms and a channel for transmission of economic and monetary policy is thus critical for our economy`s recovery prospects.
Why are banks not lending?
Lending by the banking sector has been declining, and the logical question to ask would be why banks are not lending money out when the market needs it the most? The temptation would be to go ‘gung ho’ and lay the blame solely on the banks, as some authorities have eagerly done.
This however, is only one side of the story.
Banks have actually shown a willingness to lend despite the subdued economic environment in the country, as witnessed by steadily increasing Loan-Deposit-Ratios since 2009.
As at 31 December 2013, the banking sector loan-to-deposit ratio in Zimbabwe stood at 78, 29% against sub-Saharan Africa`s average (excluding South Africa) which stood at around 75.51% in 2013. Clearly, the intention from banks to lend money out has been displayed.
It would appear then, that the decline in lending has had more to do with the demand-side than the supply-side. With high incidences of non-performing loans estimated to be around 15.92%, naturally, banks would be more cautious about whom they lend money to.
Entities and individuals who borrowed money post the dollarisation have struggled to repay those loans and the credit default rates have been high.
On the other hand, the persistent liquidity challenges, transitory nature of deposits and the need for banks to recapitalise so they can comply with the regulatory capital requirements have also contributed to banks withholding cash.
A Cue from the Developed Markets
Commenting on depressed lending by UK banks in the aftermaths of the Global Financial Crisis, Andrew Smith, Chief Economist at KPMG said, “Economies can grow for a period without lending growth, but it is very difficult to believe they can go on growing without it.”
Whoever may be to blame for the reduction in domestic credit from banks, it is clear however that if the country is to progress economically, funding from banks will be critical. Not just any type of lending however, but lending to the productive sectors of the economy.
Since the inception of the Global Financial Crisis in 2008, the UK government has given over £1 Trillion in support to the UK banking sector. This financial support is more than half of the UK`s entire annual economic output.
The UK government insists that this is because banks provide access to money for individuals and businesses to invest and grow the economy. Subsequently, as more money is available to be lent out, the economy grows as economic production is adequately funded.
Bank Lending Key to Economic Recovery
The banking sector is a vital cog in the country`s economic recovery drive. Functional and adequately funded banking institutions are thus essential, for creating credit in the market, providing mechanisms to transmit economic policy and provide channels for payments in an economy.
That Zimbabwe has a vibrant banking system that is effectively regulated and conforms to International best practice cannot be overemphasised. On our path to economic recovery, increased productive lending from banks will stimulate growth and subsequently, economic recovery.
It is difficult therefore to see what will drive Zimbabwe`s economic recovery in an environment where banks are reducing their lending. | https://nehandaradio.com/2014/03/21/bank-lending-decline-will-drive-economic-recovery/ |
New Exhibition: Celebrating the Linnean… A new portrait exhibition celebrating the lives and achievements of the first women to be admitted to Fellowship of the Linnean Society Published on 27th March 2020 Looking at the walls of the Linnean Society's rooms in Burlington House, it would be easy to assume that women have played only a small part in its history and achievements.
Among the many likenesses of our male Presidents, Fellows, and adopted heroes (there are no fewer than seven representations of Carl Linnaeus on display), only two portraits of women are on permanent view (Irene Manton, our first female President, 1973-1976, and Pleasance Smith, the wife of our founder). This is a shocking imbalance, one that overlooks the profound contribution women have made to the intellectual life of the Society since its foundation, and in the 116 years since their first admission to Fellowship. It is an imbalance we have attempted to redress in a new exhibition of photographic portraits in the Society's Library.
She worked with D.H. Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. This post was written in relation to the College’s Physicians' Flowers exhibition.
Gynaecological plants Very early on, people discovered certain plants’ effects on the female body and developed the use of contraceptives, abortifacients, or even pregnancy tests with the plants’ help. Exhibition: Botanical Women - Chawton House. Monday 26th July 2021 to Friday 31st December 2021 Venue: Chawton House Chawton House’s collection reveals the often-hidden role women played in horticulture and plant science from as early as the 17th century.
They were the writers, artists, collectors and educators who popularised horticulture and the study of plants, and played a crucial role in the advancement of botany. Wealthier women hosted salons and influenced the work of philosophers and scientists, whilst it was armies of weeding women that kept the intricate gardens of the largest estates immaculate. Botanical illustrators made real flora from across the world for a public who would never have seen it. ANH Virtual Issues. La Botaniste – a lady in the margins. Isabella’s plant collecting was largely at a local level.
There are frequent references to Worcestershire, the River Severn, Great Malvern, and critically for our identification, Madresfield and the Rhydd as evidenced in the inscription here which reads ‘The Rhydd Worcestershire’. However, some annotations demonstrate plant hunting expeditions further afield, for example, in Hertfordshire, Tewksbury and significantly Bishop’s Hull in Somerset.
The Bologna Botanical Garden is One Of the Most Historical in Italy. General Presentation The main elements underlying the structure of the Bologna Botanical Garden are single collections of high value and the reconstruction of natural habitats.
With regard to the collections, the most noteworthy one is undoubtedly that of succulent plants (see an image above). It is one of the largest in Italy, and it was created in the first half of the 20th century thanks to the efforts of Giuseppe Lodi, then Professor of Botany. Two other glasshouses in the garden contain tropical plants, amongst which are some beautiful epiphytic orchids, and several European and exotic carnivorous plants.
“Writing Women Back Into the History of STEM”: BHL Supports Research on Women in Science. Illustration by Agnes Dunbar Moodie Fitzgibbon Chamberlin from Catharine Parr Traill’s Canadian Wild Flowers (1868).
Contributed in BHL from the Canadian Museum of Nature Library. In 1868, one of the first serious botanical works in Canada was published. Entitled Canadian Wild Flowers, the work treated nearly three dozen of “the most remarkable” wildflowers found in Canada. The publication is notable for more than its position as an early work on Canadian botany. During a time when women were largely unwelcome in the male-dominated scientific world, this pioneering book was written and illustrated by women. Canadian Wild Flowers was authored by naturalist Catharine Parr Traill (1802-99), a trailblazer in research on Canada’s natural history. Celebrating Women & their contributions to Natural History published in "Archives of Natural History" - Society for the History of Natural History.
Fewer than three percent of land plant species named by women: Au...: Ingenta Connect. How has women's contribution to science developed over multiple generations?
We present the first quantitative analysis of the role played by women in publishing botanical species names, and the first complete analysis of women's contribution to a field of science with a timeframe of more than 260 years. The International Plant Names Index and The Plant List were used to analyse the contribution of female authors to the publication of land plant species names. Authors of land plant species were automatically assigned as male or female using Wikipedia articles and manual research.
Female authors make up 12.20% of the total number of authors, and they published 2.82% of names. Half of the female authors published 1.5 or more names, while half the male authors published 3 or more names. No Article Media. Marine Botanist Isabella Aiona Abbott and More Women to Know this Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month. By Healoha Johnston of the Smithsonian Asian Pacific American Center and Sara Cohen of Because of Her Story Our Smithsonian collections highlight the achievements of countless Asian American and Pacific Islander women.
This Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month, we invite you to learn about marine botanist Isabella Aiona Abbott, plus six other Asian American and Pacific Islander women represented in our Smithsonian collections. Janaki Ammal at RHS. Written by Mandeep Matharu, Yvette Harvey & Matthew Biggs.
These were the words of one of the pioneering plant cytologists, E. K. Janaki Ammal, who worked at the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) Garden Wisley from 1946-51, and was their first female scientist.
Yale: Hepatics and mosses from the herbarium of the Countess of Aylesford. Lady Louisa Thynne, an avid collector of natural history specimens, and natural history painter, was born on 25 March 1760, the daughter of Thomas Thynne, 1st Marquess of Bath and Lady Elizabeth Cavendish-Bentinck.
She married Heneage Finch, 4th Earl of Aylesford on 18 November 1781, and died on 28 December 1832 at age 72. As a result of her marriage, Lady Louisa Thynne was styled as Countess of Aylesford. They lived at Great Packington in Warwickshire. Florence Merriam Bailey Journal. Title Journal - California, undated Related Titles Contained In: Florence Merriam Bailey Photograph Collection, circa 1890-1898 and undated Series: SIA RU007417 Series: Smithsonian Field Book Project : an initiative to improve access to field book content that documents natural history.
The Real Jeanne Baret and Untangling Women Scientists from the Patriarchy — Lady Science. Although there are large gaps in Baret’s story, we know she was born on the 27th of July in 1740, and that Commerçon hired her as both housekeeper and botanical assistant by spring 1764. We know Commerçon and Baret lived together in Paris, and had a son together that Baret gave up to Paris’s Hôpital des Enfants-Trouvés.
We know she disguised herself as a man to join Louis Antoine de Bougainville’s exploratory expedition around the world as Commerçon’s assistant. During the voyage, we know she did much of the specimen collecting because Commerçon struggled to walk and was “in danger of losing [his] leg… to gangrene” as he wrote in a letter. We know crewmembers assaulted her and likely raped her on New Ireland, part of Papua New Guinea. This was nearly two years into the circumnavigation after which both Commerçon and Baret remained behind on Mauritius, a small French-controlled island in the Indian Ocean.
Commerçon died on the small French-controlled Mauritius on March 13, 1773. Jeanne Baret. By Nicole Tarnowsky, Amy Weiss Mar 26 2019 Jeanne Baret was the first woman ever to circumnavigate the globe, but she did it dressed as a man, as women were not allowed on exploration expeditions. For more than two years, from 1766–1769, she traveled on a French naval vessel captained by Louis Antoine de Bougainville. With tightly wrapped linen bandages to flatten her chest, the sailors knew her as "Jean," until they figured out she was actually Jeanne.
Lydia Becker. Lydia Becker's name on the lower section of the Reformers memorial, Kensal Green Cemetery Lydia Ernestine Becker (24 February 1827 – 18 July 1890) was a leader in the early British suffrage movement, as well as an amateur scientist with interests in biology and astronomy. She is best remembered for founding and publishing the Women's Suffrage Journal between 1870 and 1890. Biography Born in Cooper Street, Manchester, the oldest daughter of Hannibal Becker, whose father, Ernst Becker had emigrated from Ohrdruf in Thuringia. Lady Edith Blake, Irish polyglot, botanical artist and travel writer. Edith Osborne led a privileged yet troubled childhood. Her father, Ralph Bernal, was a liberal MP and a member of a fledgling political dynasty while her mother, Catherine Osborne, was the daughter of a wealthy baronet with extensive landholdings across Ireland. Their marriage was certainly one of convenience and both seem to have actively loathed each other.
Her father spent most of his time in London, while her mother remained with Edith and her sister Grace at their estate in Tipperary. In 1863 her mother even anonymously published a thinly disguised attack on her husband titled ‘False Positions’, which brought his frequent extramarital affairs to public attention. Catherine also imparted a love for the arts to her daughters, and their home frequently played host to visiting artists and painters, most notably the Swiss landscape artist Alexandre Calame, and the English watercolourist Thomas Shotter Boys. Got to look through E. Lucy Braun’s field notebooks! An incredible scientist. @365BotanyWomen. A lifetime among Cacti: Helia Bravo-Hollis. Four days before becoming a centenarian, Dr. Elizabeth Gertrude Britton. Elizabeth Gertrude Britton Elizabeth Gertrude Britton (née Knight) Born January 9, 1858 New York City, New York, United States Died February 25, 1934 (aged 76) The Bronx, New York, United States Citizenship American Fields Botany, Bryology Alma mater Hunter College Author abbrev.
Winifred M. A. Brooke - Wikipedia. Winifred Mary Adelaide Brooke (16 February 1893 - 4 November 1975) was a British botanist, illustrator and author who made scientifically significant collections of botany specimens, including in the Bolivian Andes. The plant genus Misbrookea was named in her honour by Vicki Funk. Sarah Theresa Brooks: Collector for Ferdinand Mueller. Aimée Antoinette Camus. Aimée Antoinette Camus (1 May 1879 – 17 April 1965) was a French botanist. Aimée Camus-Quercus Portal. Aimée Antoinette Camus (1879-1965) Agnes Chase: Women's Fight for Scientific Fieldwork. Mary Strong Clemens was a prolific botanical collector throughout SE Asia, born tomorrow in 1873. After the death of her husband/assistant, she established a collection in a shed of the Queensland Herbarium @QLDScience, where she specialized in the flora.
Named after Rose Clement 25 years after her death. A brilliant botanist who believed she had identified a new species of plant but died before she could prove her theory has had it named in her honour 25 years later. Rose Clement, a scientist at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, suspected she had found a previously unknown species while detailing the plants of Bhutan, on the eastern slopes of the Himalayas.
Mary Strong Clemens was a prolific botanical collector throughout SE Asia, born tomorrow in 1873. After the death of her husband/assistant, she established a collection in a shed of the Queensland Herbarium @QLDScience, where she specialized in the flora. Jane Colden, America’s first female botanist, classified plants locally. Meet Jane Colden, the 18th century botanist snubbed by Linnaeus. Had she not been a woman, Jane Colden would likely be one of the most famous early American botanists.
Discovering Emma J. Cole (1845-1910), Author of the “Remarkably Fine” Grand Rapids Flora. Anna Comstock – U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Anna Botsford Comstock. Harriet Creighton wirjed with McClintock. Kate Crooks: A Life in Flowers - Google My Maps. Kate Crooks' observations of southwestern Ontario’s flora captured a record of the region's botany before the landscape changed forever. Ex: She's believed to have collected the only known Ontario specimen of Sabatia angularis—a native plant now extinct i. Catharine Crooks In Ontario.
Dr Winifred Mary Curtis - 100 years of botanical research, teaching and travelling. Máirin de Valéra. Emily Dickinson’s Herbarium: A Forgotten Treasure at the Intersection of Science and Poetry. The Botanical Education of Emily Dickinson. Kathleen Drew-Baker – Wonder Women. Alice Eastwood. Pioneering passion for plants: Botanist Alice Eastwood explored the Southwest. Eva Ekeblad and Potato Adoption in Europe. Barbara Ertter. ELSIE ELIZABETH ESTERHUYSEN (1912-2006) 1819 – Long Expedition in Central Missouri. Beatrix Farrand: Mount Desert Islander. Prisilla Fawcett. Susan Fereday: A Story about the Impact of Citizen Science. In focus: Anna Forbes, Naturalist. Grace Frankland - Scientist of the Day - Linda Hall Library. Margaret Hannah Fulford. Lilian Suzette Gibbs, traveller and. Helen Margaret Gilkey. Webinar Registration - Zoom. Lady Gwillim’s ‘Madras’ Magnolia. Ida Hayward – Project Biodiversify.
Isobel Wylie Hutchison, Collector. Ellen Hutchins Festival (@hutchins_ellen) / Twitter. Isobel Wylie Hutchison: the Calling of Bride – Explorers of the RSGS. Ellen Hutchins: Ireland's First Female Botanist. Josephine's Herbarium in Geneva. E. K. Janaki Ammal “My Work Is What Will Survive” Matilda Knowles. 'Flashes upon the inward eye’ : Wordsworth, Coleridge and ‘Flashing Flowers’ - Wordsworth Trust. Graceanna Lewis: A Naturalist and Abolitionist. Fab to see Gulielma Lister featured here. We explored her work at #MycoBookClub in April. Her illustrations from 'A monograph of the Mycetozoa' are available to browse on Flickr, courtesy of @BioDivLibrary, and an absolute joy!
Rosa Luxemburg Herbarium. Bibliotheca Augustana. Elizabeth McClintock, PhD, 1912-2004. Ynés Mexía: Botanical Trailblazer. Annie Montague Alexander. Same, girl. Frances Montresor Buchanan Allen Penniman. Dr. Anna Isabel Mulford: Botanical Groundbreaker – Discover + Share. Ana Roqué de Duprey: Antilliean Botany. Florence Nightingale. Frances Sargent Osgood and the Language of Flowers: A 19th Century Literary Genre of Floriography and Floral Poetry. Sophia Rosamond Praeger: Creative women of Ireland. Pratt [married name Pearless], Anne (1806–1893), botanist. Biographies of Putnam Museum Herbarium Collectors. Vera Scarth-Johnson.
This specimen was from the same request. The collector was unfamiliar and the backstory of this remarkable lady unfolded-Vera Scarth-Johnson, pig farmer, sugar-cane producer, botanist & artist! Herbarium collections are multidimensional treasure-trove. Meet Mary Somerville: The Brilliant Woman for Whom the Word “Scientist” Was Coined. Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries. Vera Scarth-Johnson, New Publication: Four Holograph Letters from Charlotte Smith to James Edward Smith. Greta Stevenson and Marasmius curranii. U.S.-born botanist Bertha Stoneman taught at South Africa's Huguenot College @HugenoteKollege from 1896 to 1933, founding its herbarium and becoming president of the school in 1928. She was the founding president of the South African Association of Univer.
Connie Taylor: Biology Herbarium dedicated to former professors. Botanist Ellen Powell Thompson—yes, that Powell! Anna Maria Walker orchids. Anna Weber-van Bosse - Scientist of the Day - Linda Hall Library. Charlotte "Shadow" Wheeler-Cuffe born this month in 1867. In the time that she lived in Burma, she formed a botanical garden at Pyin U Lwin and sent plants back to @NBGGlasnevin (where her watercolors were housed after her death).
Rose Ethel Janet (Jean) White-Haney. | http://www.pearltrees.com/flannerm/women/id17037054 |
A circular economy is an economic system solution framework that revolves around the notion of establishing a flow of resources so that products, components, and materials are maintained at their highest utility and value at all times (Webster, 2015), thereby essentially eliminating waste and consequently fighting global challenges like climate change, waste, pollution, and biodiversity loss.
In simple words, it is a model of production and consumption that is focused on reducing waste to a minimum, by using resources that are at the end of its life, again and again, thereby creating further value.
This is done by combining diverse ideas of a closed-loop economy with a ‘ restorative’ design approach (Murray et al., 2017).
CIRCULAR
ECONOMY
The circular economy is based on three principles, driven by design:
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Eliminate waste and pollution
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Circulate products and materials (at their highest value)
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Regenerate nature
THE BASE FOR CIRCULAR ECONOMY
The circular Economy system diagram is also known as the butterfly diagram, illustrates the continuous flow of materials in the economy.
The Butterfly diagram has two main cycles – the technical cycle and the biological cycle. In the technical cycle, products are kept in circulation in the economy through reuse, repair, remanufacture, and recycling. In this way, materials are kept in use and never become waste.
In the biological cycle, the nutrients from biodegradable materials are returned to the Earth, through processes like composting or anaerobic digestion. This allows the land to regenerate and return the nutrients to regenerate nature, so the cycle can continue. | https://www.circularinnovationlab.com/s-projects-side-by-side-1 |
Ovarian cancer: Novel molecular aspects for clinical assessment.
Ovarian cancer is a very heterogeneous tumor which has been traditionally characterized according to the different histological subtypes and differentiation degree. In recent years, innovative molecular screening biotechnologies have allowed to identify further subtypes of this cancer based on gene expression profiles, mutational features, and epigenetic factors. These novel classification systems emphasizing the molecular signatures within the broad spectrum of ovarian cancer have not only allowed a more precise prognostic prediction, but also proper therapeutic strategies for specific subgroups of patients. The bulk of available scientific data and the high refinement of molecular classifications of ovarian cancers can today address the research towards innovative drugs with the adoption of targeted therapies tailored for single molecular profiles leading to a better prediction of therapeutic response. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge on the molecular bases of ovarian cancer, from the description of its molecular subtypes derived from wide high-throughput analyses to the latest discoveries of the ovarian cancer stem cells. The latest personalized treatment options are also presented with recent advances in using PARP inhibitors, anti-angiogenic, anti-folate receptor and anti-cancer stem cells treatment approaches.
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The present invention relates to new polyester anhydride-based biopolymers and the production thereof.
Polylactide, polyglycol and poly(ε-caprolactone) are biodegradable polyesters, the use of which in medical applications has been studied extensively. Polyanhydrides, in turn, are one of the most promising materials for pharmaceutical ingredients requiring controlled release because, being sufficiently hydrophobic, they degrade through surface degradation. The polyester anhydrides comprise a combination of these two types of polymers and, as a result, new types of polymeric properties are generated which cannot be achieved with either of the polymers alone.
The most important group of biodegradable plastics comprises aliphatic polyesters, the biodegradation of which is largely based on hydrolysable ester bonds. Aliphatic biodegradable polyesters include polyglycolide, polyactide and polycaprolactone, and notably polyhydroxy butyrate and polyhydroxy valerate, which are produced with the help of microbes. Generally, polyesters are prepared from hydroxy acids or from diacid and diol. To ensure that the aliphatic polyesters have adequate mechanical properties, their molar masses have to be high. The most common means to achieve a high molar mass is to prepare the polyester by a ring-opening polymerisation of lactones. Because the aliphatic polyesters are non-toxic, biocompatible materials, they are often used in the fields of orthopaedics, odontology, pharmacy and surgery.
The aliphatic polyesters degrade through bulk-degradation, consequently, when the hydrolytic degradation of the polymer chains has advanced enough, the pieces lose their mechanical properties and the mass loss begins. If, at this stage, there are still large percentages of pharmaceutical ingredients in the preparation, it is possible that detrimental percentages may be released from it in an uncontrolled manner. In surgical applications, it is not advantageous that the mechanical properties collapse suddenly. By using surface-degradable polymers (polyanhydrides and polyorthoesters), it is possible to achieve a constant zero-order release (i.e. the release is time linear) when the polymers are dissolved from the surface and release the pharmaceutical molecules as the degradation advances.
A special property of the polyanhydrides is that it is possible to make them surface-degradable.
The most important application of the polyanhydrides are the systems of releasing of pharmaceutical ingredients, because the release of pharmaceutical ingredients from surface-degradable polymers is more uniform than from polymers which are degraded by mass-erosion. A condition for the surface-degradation of the polyanhydrides is that the polymer is sufficiently hydrophobic. In this case, water cannot penetrate into the polymer and a hydrolysis must take place only in the surface of the polymer. By using different hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomers, it is possible to adjust the total degradation time of the polymer to range from a few days to several years. Typically, aliphatic dicarboxylic acids are used as the hydrophilic monomers and, correspondingly, either aromatic dicarboxylic acids or different fatty acids are used as the hydrophobic monomers. Gliadel®, which is a polyanhydride-implant comprising carmustine (a cytostatic) and which is used in the post-treatment of cerebral tumours, is an example of the use of polyanhydrides in applications of controlled pharmaceutical dosing. The problem with the polyanhydrides is their sensitivity to the humidity of the air and, because of this, they have to be stored and transported in sub-zero temperatures, which, in turn, is logistically expensive and impractical. Another problem is the brittleness of the polyanhydrides, which makes it difficult to handle them for instance during the surgical installation of an implant.
In order to combine the good mechanical properties of the polyesters and the advantageous degradation behaviour of the polyanhydrides, different polyester anhydrides have been produced. Slivniak and Domb synthesized the ABA copolymer, which comprises a sebacine acid polyanhydride in the middle and polylactic acid blocks at the ends. The polylactic acid blocks were reported to have a substantial effect on the degradation of the polymer and on the release of the pharmaceutical ingredient (R. Silvaniak, A. J. Domb, Biomacromolecules, 2002, 3, 754). Xiao and Zhu prepared polycarbonates which comprised anhydride bonds in their main chain. By using sebacine acid as a comonomer, a copolymer was generated, the degradation behaviour of which was reported to be close to surface degradable materials (C. Xiao, K. J. Zhu, Macromol. Rapid. Commun., 2000, 21, 1113; C. Xiao, K. J. Zhu, Polym. Int., 2001, 50, 414). Storey and Taylor linked a poly(ε-caprolactone) to form a polyester anhydride with a higher molar mass. The polymer degraded in two stages, thus the rapid hydrolysis of the anhydride bonds was followed by a slower degradation of the poly(ε-caprolactone) (R. F. Storey, A. E. Taylor, J. Mol. Sci., Pure Appl. Chem. 1997, A34, 265). Correspondingly, Korhonen, Helminen and Seppälä prepared polyester anhydrides from prepolymers of poly(c-caprolactone) and polyactide, which anhydrides degraded in two stages (H. Korhonen, J. V. Seppälä, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2001, 81, 176; H. Korhonen, A. O. Helminen, J. V. Seppälä, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 2004, 205, 937). Pfeifer, Burdick and Langer have, by using compounds which comprise amines, demonstrated the production of microparticles of lactic acid-based polyester anhydrides and the preparation of the surface. In addition, they have reported the use of microparticles for the transportation of genes (B. A. Pfeifer, J. A. Burdick, and R. Langer, Biomaterials, 2005, 26, 117; B. A. Pfeifer, J. A. Burdick, S. R. Little, and R. Langer, Int. J. Pharm., 2005, 34, 210). In the above studies, the polyester anhydrides used were thermoplastic. Furthermore, Helminen, Korhonen and Seppälä have reported the preparation of a cross-linked network-structured polyester anhydride. When using a poly(ε-caprolactone) prepolymer having a low molar mass, the polyester anhydride was degraded through surface degradation in 48 hours (A. O. Helminen, H. Korhonen, J. V. Seppälä, J. Pol. Sci., Part A: Pol. Chem., 2003, 41, 3788).
In the polymers described above, it is possible to adjust the molar mass and the thermal properties of the polyester being used as the prepolymer. The weakness of the materials in question results from the fact that the hydrophobicity of the prepolymer cannot be adjusted. The purpose of the present invention is to produce novel biodegradable polyester anhydride-based polymers, which differ significantly in their material composition, properties and uses from the polymers presented earlier. The purpose of the present invention is in particular to generate a biodegradable polymer, the decomposition rate of which can be widely adjusted by changing the hydrophobicity of the polymer. Now, this has been unexpectedly realised in the polymers according to the present invention.
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At the heart of synthetic biology is the assembly of genetic components into “circuits” that perform desired operations in living cells, with the long-term goal of empowering these cells to solve critical problems in healthcare, energy, the environment and other domains, from cancer treatment to toxic waste cleanup. While much of this work is done using bacterial cells, new techniques are emerging to reprogram eukaryotic cells—those found in plants and animals, including humans—to perform such tasks.
To engineer useful genetic circuits in eukaryotic cells, synthetic biologists typically manipulate sequences of DNA in an organism’s genome, but Assistant Professor Ahmad “Mo” Khalil (BME), Professor James J. Collins (BME, MSE, SE) postdoctoral fellow Albert J. Keung (BME) and other researchers at Boston University’s Center of Synthetic Biology (CoSBi) have another idea that could vastly increase their capabilities. Rather than manipulate the DNA sequence directly, the CoSBi engineers are exploiting a class of proteins that regulate chromatin, the intricate structure of DNA and proteins that condenses and packages a genome to fit within the cell. These chromatin regulator (CR) proteins play a key role in expressing—turning on and off—genes throughout the cell, so altering their makeup could provide a new pathway for engineering the cell’s genetic circuits to perform desired functions.
Using synthetic biology techniques, the researchers systematically modified 223 distinct CR proteins in yeast to determine their impact—individually and in various combinations—on gene expression in yeast cells. Described in the journal Cell in a paper featuring Albert Keung as first author, their findings could provide a new set of design principles for reprogramming eukaryotic cells.
“Albert’s paper is one of the first to show how we can harness chromatin as a pathway for gene regulation,” said Khalil. “This approach represents a new paradigm for manipulating the structure of chromatin for engineering a biological system.”
Among the researcher’s findings was the discovery that selected CR proteins can regulate the expression not only of single genes, but clusters of nearby genes. They also determined that chromatin modifications induced by CR proteins got passed down to new cells once existing cells divided, endowing them with “memory” of specific functions. This memory retention could enable sets of engineered cells to sense a fleeting signal and remember it over a long period of time even as cells divide. Cells within a bodily organ, such as the brain or liver, also require memory of their tissue type in order to maintain their function and avoid becoming cancerous.
“Exploiting the major role that chromatin plays in gene regulation provides us with another layer of control in reprogramming cells to perform specific functions,” said Keung, who envisions the new approach leading to a better understanding of cell biology and a more powerful synthetic biology toolkit.
The study was supported by the National Institutes of Health, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, National Science Foundation, Boston University College of Engineering, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute. | http://www.bu.edu/eng/2014/07/07/beyond-bacteria-2/ |
Sure, you may spend most of the time in your master bedroom asleep, but that doesn’t mean your space shouldn’t be as beautiful as the places you enjoy your waking hours. We’ve gathered our favorite master bedroom decorating ideas to help inspire your own eye-opening transformation. Whether you’re dreaming of a serene retreat, a bright and energetic spot, or a more dark and moody design, there are ideas for every master bedroom in this collection of stylish spaces.
1. Keep the Palette Light
A bedroom should be a place to relax after a long day, so it’s no wonder a neutral palette is a popular choice. Try soft whites with a bit of warmth to keep the space from feeling stark. In this Texas bedroom designed by Marie Flanagan, whites, tans, and soft grays create a serene space. | https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/master-bedroom-decorating-ideas |
JAKE, found homeless, curled up in a ball in below freezing conditions.
Jake is a 5 year old Pittie Lab mix who was found outside curled up in a ball in below freezing conditions. Frostbite on his paws, his body just skin and bones, he had no one to love and no place to go!
SNK9 was contacted by a concerned citizen for help but we had no room for Jake. The only other option was to bring Jake to a nearby local shelter. We were very familiar with that specific inner city shelter, their high euthanasia rate as well as extremely poor conditions…..so that was not an option. We posted a request for help on our facebook page and as the “power of sharing” went into high gear, we finally received an offer to foster Jake as well as several donations toward his medical care. So it was a done deal…we were taking him and he would be safe!
Judging from his emaciated body and thick calluses on his joints, Jake has had a rough life thus far but his soul is warm, kind, gentle and loving. He is currently in a foster home surrounded by a wonderful family and young children including an infant. He is also good with other dogs and cats. For those that would draw a conclusion about Jake or other dogs with similar appreance, Jake is a perfect example of proving how wrong stereotyping dogs can be! Once he gets stronger and healthier, Jake will be neutered and he will then be available for adoption. | http://specialneedsk9.org/?p=1888 |
Kumbha Mela takes its name from the immortal – Pot of Nectar which is described in ancient Vedic scriptures known as the Puranas. Kumbha means pot and Mela means a fair or ‘festival’. So it is the festival of the pot or a festival celebrating in the appearance of the pot of nectar.
Kumbh Mela History and Important Dates:
The story started when the demigods and the demons jointly try to produce the nectar of immortality. For this the demigods and the demons assembled on the shore of the milk ocean that lies in the celestial region of the cosmos.
The demigods and the demons made a plan to churn the milk of ocean to produce the nectar of immortality and to share the nectar equally once it was produced to get immortal. For churning the milk ocean, the Mandara Mountain was used as the churning rod, and Vasuki, the king of serpents was chooses as rope for churning. The churning of the milk ocean first produced a deadly poison which Shiva drank and hold it in her neck, so that he was names as “Neel-Kanth”. A few drops fell from Lord Shiva’s hands and were licked up by scorpions, snakes, and similar other deadly creatures.
After appearing of various things at last a male person named Dhanvantari appeared carrying the pot of immortal nectar in His hands. Seeing Dhanvantari with the pot of nectar, both the demigods and demons became anxious. The demigods get fearful of what would happen if the demons drank their share of the nectar of immortality, forcibly seized the pot.
To save the nectar from falling into the hands of the demons, the demigods hid it in four places on the earth, Prayag (Allahabad), Hardwar, Ujjain, and Nasik. At each of the hiding places, a drop of immortal nectar landed on the earth. Since then these four places are believed to have mystical power. | https://www.festivalsindia.com/kumbh-mela-history-and-important-dates/ |
26 November 2017,
Article
The Lion Case
The Lion's Case from 1928 The Circus (despite original was a silent movie a score of Gunter Kochan was added in 1969), here like in my older Charlie Chaplin scene Easy Street I use Polytonality or best said Bitonality to recreate a mood of hilarious humor beside a cartoon scoring style that point out several movements and actions. Like I said in my older post Polytonality or Bitonality have been used extensively by composers since Igor Stravinsky used it in his score for the Ballet Petrushka, but if we ...
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This is the personal page of Abraham Maduro. MusicaNeo does not monitor its content. | https://abrahammaduro.musicaneo.com/blog/articles/ |
If you happen to need assistance writing an essay on a guide, a literary analysis essay, concern not! The most important issues to consider when writing a literary analysis paper are: what is your argument? Are you expressing it correctly via a effectively-positioned thesis assertion? Do you support your argument nicely all through your essay? Help for an argument sometimes includes utilizing numerous proof from the text in the form of quotations from a detailed reading of a passage (for more on methods to successfully use quotations, see our Integrating Quotations” help guide). Often this also entails studying, analyzing, and utilizing outdoors analysis to help what you might be arguing. Learning the essential structure of literary analysis can be useful for writing many different kinds of essays.
Literary evaluation essay define seems to be like the outlines of other academic papers, however it might have extra paragraphs relying on the author’s flow of ideas. An overview is an action plan, which helps to survive. Constructing supplies into a pile on the bottom is mindless – the writer may lose the purpose in the midst of the method. The immediate barely asks the students to develop outlines. Consultants recommend to come up with an excellent literary evaluation essay define if you want to perceive find out how to write a literary analysis of A-stage.
Fast Solutions Of essay sample – An Introduction
Making literary evaluation define is a crucial a part of a writing process. It’s best to understand what you will begin with and what you’ll say in the conclusion. Just be sure you dedicate area to all vital ideas of the author and don’t miss something.
The titles of performs, novels, magazines, newspapers, journals (things that can stand by themselves) are underlined or italicized. Tennessee Williams’ The Glass Menagerie and Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye don’t seem to have much in frequent at first. Should you’re utilizing a word processor or you’ve a fancy typewriter, use italics, however don’t use both underlines and italics. (Some instructors have adopted rules about using italics that return to a time when italics on a phrase processor might be onerous to learn, so it is best to ask your instructor if you should utilize italics. Underlines are always correct.) The titles of poems, brief tales, and articles (issues that don’t generally stand by themselves) require quotation marks. Robert Frost’s “Design” and Raymond Carver’s “Cathedral” are in contrast in an vital article, “Comparing Frost to Carver,” which appeared in The Literary Hegemony.
College and high school lecturers give students the task to jot down literary analysis essays so as to test college students’ means to look at, analyze, and typically consider a work of literature. Creation of a good literary essay appears sophisticated and time-consuming. We wish to bust this delusion by offering you with a easy scheme, which contains a tried and examined plan of actions. This will serve as a information that will help you by the whole writing course of. It’s not necessary to summarize the plot as your professor evaluates the best way you’re analyzing the principle concepts and conflicts of the book.
I wanted the reminder of construction. I are inclined to forget concerning the intro and conclusion elements and infrequently leave out the planning. I assume that is what separates a blog submit (usually) from an essay. That’s, an essay might be a weblog submit, however a blog post is usually not an essay. Not less than, the way I have been writing.
Standards For Core Elements Of essay sample
This thesis means that the essay will establish traits of suicide that Paul displays in the story. The writer will have to research medical and psychology texts to find quotes from animal farm with page numbers out the everyday characteristics of suicidal conduct and as an example how Paul’s behavior mirrors those characteristics.
Using the notes, you gathered throughout studying the literary subject of your evaluation, you must start to assessment all of the observations you noted on literary units reminiscent of characters, theme or symbols. Take each of them individually and fully understand the function they play within the complete work. In the event you’re doing it right it should fill like putting together a puzzle, analyzing each individual piece will enable you form the bigger image.
Understanding Rapid Systems Of essay samples
To place is simple, such a essay writing requires from a scholar to provide detailed traits of a literary work (akin to a e-book, a story, a novel, and many others.) and critically analyze it. The core thing you want to fulfill before writing a literary evaluation paper is to learn the assigned literary work attentively while taking note of the slightest details. As a matter of prudence, it is advisable to have adequate time for reading and start doing it properly prematurely. It’s obligatory as sometimes literary works could also be relatively lengthy, so the entire studying process might take numerous time, especially considering the truth that you’ll have loads of different assignments to satisfy. If the literary work is difficult, you might even need to learn it more than once. Apart from, it is recommended to take notes in the means of studying.
Let’s speak about some pointers right here, since this is something you guys are most likely going to be writing quite often. The primary one I have is that when you are speaking a few guide or a chunk of literature, you always want to speak about it in the present tense and I know it appears type of unnatural as a result of typically you might be writing your paper after you have read the e-book, so to you it feels like all that stuff occurred prior to now however a ebook exist at all times in the present. So write about it in a gift tense; Ralph run not Ralph ran. One other thing that I see very often is once you have referred to an writer by the first and the final identify like William Golding, discuss with her or him by last title only not by first identify only. So don’t name William Golding, William or Invoice or Billy since you are most likely not on the first title foundation like that.
Check with Capital Community School’s Guide to Writing Research Papers for help with documentation ensuring your readers know what material has helped you in your understanding and writing, and where they’ll discover materials that you just found useful. Bear in mind, also, that using the language or ideas of someone else and representing that language or these ideas as your personal plagiarism is a critical academic offense. For additional help in analysis, seek the advice of your instructor and the library workers.
A literary essay needs to be written by using appropriate grammar and acceptable type. For instance, when describing the scenes from a narrative, the writer ought to write in the present tense to make the readers feel that these occasions are occurring right now. Moreover, the writer shouldn’t use loads of narrow phrases and abbreviations within the text. Not all readers might perceive these phrases and will likely be confused. | https://www.amistadbd.com/picking-out-quick-systems-of-literature-examples/ |
Dussehra, which is also known as Vijayadashmi, is a major Indian festival and we will see huge celebrations during this season for almost ten days. Dandiya, Bathukamma are the major attractions of this festival for Telugu people across the globe. This is a grand festival not only for general public, but is also a box office festival for Tollywood as many big films release during this season.
This year, we see four big releases in two weeks of this holiday season, out of which 3 are straight films and one is a dubbed movie. A couple of days before Dussehra on October 1st, Mega Power star Ram Charan, strikes with his most anticipated movie ‘Govindhudu Andharivadele’. The very next day we see the release of Telugu dubbing of Bollywood’s biggest release ‘Bang Bang’, which features Hrithik Roshan and Katrina Kaif in the lead roles. Then in the next week, we have the releases of ‘Pathshala’ and ‘Romeo’.
Of these 4 releases, which film would you prefer during this Dussehra season?
Articles that might interest you:
- Boney Kapoor gives a go ahead to iconic sequel against Sridevi’s will
- Bheeshma’s fab 1st weekend AP, TG share: All set to break even tomorrow
- Poll : Which director should Mahesh work with next? | https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/poll-which-film-would-you-prefer-in-this-dussehra-season.html |
In a world of rapid change, increasing attention is being paid to the concept of resilience—the ability of complex systems to rebound and even thrive after perturbation, stress or collapse. Solutions to pressing global issues that tap such resilience processes require complex systems analyses that draw on data from disparate sources to transform knowledge into understanding and beneficial solutions. To address the growing need for research, education and outreach in this area, Penn State’s interdisciplinary institutes plan to partner with faculty, colleges and campuses to support a new initiative focused on Resilience in Complex Systems. We envision a scholarly community that draws on a range of innovative research methods such as life cycle analysis that identify conditions that lead to collapse of complex systems—and those that lead to robust resilience behaviors and outcomes. This will require development of innovative research methods that identify convergence and dynamic equilibria. The goal of this initiative is to bring together such a community of world-class scholars, drawing from our current faculty and through strategic co-hires, with expertise in resilience of complex systems. This group of interdisciplinary faculty will collaborate to translate data about complex systems processes into impacts in the form of evidence-based policies, products, programs and practices.
Penn State has the potential to lead in the intellectual domain of resilience analysis by promoting a new paradigm. This initiative will embrace complex systems thinking and focus on integrating existing tools and developing new analytic tools. The products of this work will be in domains ranging from materials, to human health and the built and natural environments, all areas of national and international significance and ones of prominence at the University. In pursuing this vision, Penn State has the potential to provide a radical new approach to academic research, one with implications in domains ranging from education, business, and government to health and human services. By building on the University’s enduring culture of interdisciplinarity this strategic investment is aimed at changing the face of academia toward a sustainable future.
Example topic areas that we hope to encourage include:
- System resilience as sustainability in chemical composition design of material systems via life cycle analysis from extraction, to manufacturing, use, and ultimately disposal.
- Resilience in medicine, including use and misuse of drugs that result in metabolism breakdown.
- Human resilience in recovery from addiction and trauma.
- Community resilience, including in response to natural disasters and upheavals in physical, economic and social environments.
- Cyber security resilience to rogue machine learning threats, and to protect complex operational systems.
- Resilience of built infrastructure including transportation, utilities, and supply chains to rapid economic, social and environmental change
- Resilience of natural systems, including adaptation of agriculture, ecosystems and hydrologic cycles to human activities including land conversion, toxins, and climate change.
- Integration of diverse data streams to describe and simulate complex systems, their evolutionary tipping points, and their uncertainties
- Resilience in history, culture and the arts – as a human trait, a virtue, and a practice
- Penn State purchasing practices – investing in resilience with regard to a sustainable world.
For more information about this initiative please contact: | https://iee.psu.edu/resilience-complex-systems |
This image represents a famous ancient Egyptian named Tutankhamen. Do you see his heavy eyeliner? Most likely the eyeliner was made of a mineral containing antimony. This metalloid was commonly used for makeup by Egyptians between four and five thousand years ago. Today we know that antimony is toxic, although Tutankhamen probably didn’t know that. Antimony is found in group 15 of the periodic table. Group 15 is one of four groups of the periodic table that contain metalloids.
Groups 13–16
Groups 13–16 of the periodic table (orange in the
Figure
below
) are the only groups that contain elements classified as metalloids. Unlike other groups of the periodic table, which contain elements in just one class, groups 13–16 contain elements in at least two different classes. In addition to metalloids, they also contain metals, nonmetals, or both. Groups 13–16 fall between the transition metals (in groups 3–12) and the nonmetals called halogens (in group 17).
Metalloids
are the smallest class of elements, containing just six members: boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), and tellurium (Te). Metalloids have some properties of metals (elements that can conduct electricity) and some properties of nonmetals (elements that cannot conduct electricity). For example, most metalloids can conduct electricity, but not as well as metals. Metalloids also tend to be shiny like metals, but brittle like nonmetals. Chemically, metalloids may behave like metals or nonmetals, depending on their number of valence electrons. You can learn more about specific metalloids by clicking on the element symbols in the periodic table at this URL:
http://www.chemicool.com/
.
Q:
Why does the chemical behavior of an element depend on its number of valence electrons?
Group 13: Boron Group
Group 13 of the periodic table is also called the boron group because boron (B) is the first element at the top of the group (see
Figure
below
). Boron is also the only metalloid in this group. The other four elements in the group—aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), and thallium (Tl)—are all metals. Group 13 elements have three valence electrons and are fairly reactive. All of them are solids at room temperature.
Boron is a very hard, black metalloid with a high melting point. In the mineral called borax, it is used to wash clothes. In boric acid, it is used as an eyewash and insecticide.
Group 14: Carbon Group
Group 14 of the periodic table is headed by the nonmetal carbon (C), so this group is also called the carbon group. Carbon is followed by silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) (
Figure
below
), which are metalloids, and then by tin (Sn) and lead (Pb), which are metals. Group 14 elements group have four valence electrons, so they generally aren't very reactive. All of them are solids at room temperature.
Germanium is a brittle, shiny, silvery-white metalloid. Along with silicon, it is used to make the tiny electric circuits on computer chips. It is also used to make fiber optic cables—like the one pictured here—that carry telephone and other communication signals.
Group 15: Nitrogen Group
Group 15 of the periodic table is also called the nitrogen group. The first element in the group is the nonmetal nitrogen (N), followed by phosphorus (P), another nonmetal. Arsenic (As) (
Figure
below
) and antimony (Sb) are the metalloids in this group, and bismuth (Bi) is a metal. All group 15 elements have five valence electrons, but they vary in their reactivity. Nitrogen, for example, is not very reactive at all, whereas phosphorus is very reactive and found naturally only in combination with other substances. All group 15 elements are solids, except for nitrogen, which is a gas.
The most common form of the metalloid arsenic is gray and shiny. Arsenic is extremely toxic, so it is used as rat poison. Surprisingly, we need it (in tiny amounts) for normal growth and a healthy nervous system.
Group 16: Oxygen Group
Group 16 of the periodic table is also called the oxygen group. The first three elements—oxygen (O), sulfur (S), and selenium (Se)—are nonmetals. They are followed by tellurium (Te) (
Figure
below
), a metalloid, and polonium (Po), a metal. All group 16 elements have six valence electrons and are very reactive. Oxygen is a gas at room temperature, and the other elements in the group are solids.
Tellurium is a silvery white, brittle metalloid. It is toxic and may cause birth defects. Tellurium can conduct electricity when exposed to light, so it is used to make solar panels. It has several other uses as well. For example, it makes steel and copper easier to work with and lends color to ceramics.
Q:
With six valence electrons, group 16 elements need to attract two electrons from another element to have a stable electron arrangement of eight valence electrons. Which group of elements in the periodic table do you think might form compounds with elements in group 16?
A:
Group 2 elements, called the alkaline Earth metals, form compounds with elements in the oxygen group. That’s because group 2 elements have two valence electrons that they are “eager” to give up. An example of a group 2 and group 6 compound is calcium oxide (CaO).
Summary
Groups 13–16 of the periodic table contain one or more metalloids, in addition to metals, nonmetals, or both.
Group 13 is called the boron group, and boron is the only metalloid in this group. The other group 13 elements are metals.
Group 14 is called the carbon group. This group contains two metalloids: silicon and germanium. Carbon is a nonmetal, and the remaining elements in this group are metals.
Group 15 is called the nitrogen group. The metalloids in this group are arsenic and antimony. Group 15 also contains two nonmetals and one metal.
Group 16 is called the oxygen group. Tellurium is the only metalloid in this group, which also contains three nonmetals and one metal.
Vocabulary
metalloid
: Class of elements that have some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals.
Practice
Watch the video at the following URL, and then answer the questions below.
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MUSTANG, Okla. - Mustang Public Schools says it is taking "appropriate action" after a district employee forgot to remove a loaded handgun from his bag before bringing it into Mustang High School Thursday, placing the school on lockdown, according to a school administrator.
In a release on the district's website, an unattended, "suspicious" bag was found by staff in the school's media center at around 9:30 a.m. Thursday. Inside was a loaded handgun. The release said administrators and school resource officers put the school on lockdown and called Mustang Police.
The district said the owner of both the bag and the gun is a Mustang Public Schools employee, with a concealed carry license, who said he planned to go target shooting Wednesday, but forgot to remove the firearm from his bag before coming inside the school Thursday.
"It's just kind of crazy to think about, this is a really good school and you don't normally think about that kind of thing happening. But I guess it can happen anywhere," said Lauren Harris, a Mustang senior, as she waited to pick up her younger brother. "It is a little alarming, but I’m glad whoever found it, found it, and it was handled."
In a letter to parents, Mustang High School Principal Teresa Wilkerson said the district is taking "appropriate action" for this employee.
"Providing a safe and secure learning environment is of top priority to the Mustang Public School System, and we take these incidents very seriously," Wilkerson said in the letter to parents. "Extensive security measures are in place to help us maintain a safe campus. We practice drills in order to respond to these situations, and today our safety protocols proved to be effective."
Even with a valid handgun license, it's against state law to have a firearm on school grounds unless the firearm is stored and hidden from view in a locked car when left unattended on school property. There is also an exception for firearms used as part of a specific district-approved program or course, but the weapon must be properly stored, according to state statutes.
State law also allows districts to adopt policies to authorize a person to carry a handgun onto school property by certain district employees designated by the school board. Those employees must have a valid armed security guard license or reserve peace officer certification.
Mustang Public School policy, and state law, says students who bring firearms on campus may be suspended out-of-school for a year, or more. It's unclear what type of punishment the employee is facing. Calls and messages to the district superintendent went unreturned Thursday.
Possession of a firearm on school grounds is a criminal misdemeanor and punishable by a fine of up to $250. | https://kfor.com/2019/01/17/district-employee-accidentally-brings-loaded-weapon-to-mustang-high-school/ |
Key member of Petroleum Measurement Center of Expertise providing technical leadership in the Petroleum Measurement discipline across ExxonMobil upstream, downstream and midstream global business lines. Provides key measurement-related technical, execution, and operational support for ExxonMobil projects and assets worldwide. Facilitates ExxonMobil organizational effectiveness by fostering a collaborative network of measurement expertise around the world to leverage corporate knowledge and drive continuous improvement. Maintains collaborative and influential roles and relationships with external parties such as industry committees, manufacturers and suppliers in the Petroleum Measurement arena.
Participate in and lead measurement-related project scopes to meet business needs and ensure efficient use of capital on projects varying from multi-billion dollar full field developments to brownfield metering modifications
Coordinate development and application of Measurement Design Philosophies for oil or gas facilities
Support appropriate equipment selection, specification, and vendor selection for procurement of measurement related packages and systems
Work collaboratively with vendors and suppliers within established ExxonMobil requirements to ensure appropriate design, manufacture, testing and delivery of measurement systems
Support successful installation, commissioning and operation of measurement systems
Work closely with field-based measurement advisors and members of the measurement community of practice to support and ensure alignment of measurement practices and operational measurement goals
Support development of a global focus group within the ExxonMobil measurement community that addresses short term and long term measurement issues and opportunities
Identify and evaluate new technologies to improve measurement across the ExxonMobil upstream, midstream, and downstream organizations globally
Owner and key contributor to ExxonMobil measurement-related Global Practices and Design Standards
Participate in measurement-related industry committees to assert ExxonMobil’s position for standards under development or revision which may include leadership roles (API Committee on Petroleum Measurement)
Support internal audits as subject matter expert and provide interpretations for application of measurement practices
Data gathering and analysis to generate monthly Oil Loss or Gain/Loss reports for manufacturing facilities, Pipelines and Production Units.
Assist operations field based measurement personnel and field engineering in troubleshooting issues in upstream, midstream and downstream measurement systems
Assist and facilitate loss investigations such as manufacturing plant oil loss, pipeline and terminal gain/loss, production allocation loss, and transportation loss (marine, truck, rail)
Mentor/train new hires and less experienced team members in the area of measurement. as needed
Provide measurement guidance and ad-hoc support to ExxonMobil affiliates
Expected Level of Proficiency
Bachelors of Science in an engineering discipline, preferably Chemical, Mechanical, or Electrical
Minimum of 10 years of overall experience in oil and gas, petrochemical or refining and 5 years’ experience in hydrocarbon measurement/metering applications
Fresh graduates are also encouraged to apply
Strong interest in the long term advancement of Petroleum Measurement capabilities within ExxonMobil
Preferred Knowledge/Skills/Abilities:
Working knowledge of and experience in the application of hydrocarbon and petroleum measurement practices, regulatory and industry standards (e.g., API MPMS, ASTM, AGA, GPA)
Knowledge of custody transfer gas/liquid hydrocarbon flow measurement per industry standard
Knowledge of oil measurement gauging, and oil and gas sampling (manual and automatic) for tanks, marine vessels, and railcars
Knowledge of production and well rate flow measurement per industry standard, including MPFM
Knowledge of manufacturing plant oil loss, pipeline and terminal gain/loss, production allocation loss and transportation loss (marine, truck, rail) investigation and resolution
Ability to learn, understand, implement and improve ExxonMobil Measurement Practices
Demonstrated ability to handle multiple priorities and stakeholders
Demonstrated sound business judgment and ability to incorporate the "big picture" into strategy development
Ability to think strategically and develop creative fit for purpose solutions to resolve operational problems
Demonstrated ability to influence and promote change to achieve desired results with no direct authority
Experience as formal or informal leader and mentor
Strong facilitation skills for use in cross-functional efforts
Excellent analytic and troubleshooting abilities
Proficient in Microsoft Office suite of software programs, etc.
Read, write, and speak fluent English, especially in the context of technical and business communications
Flexibility for international travel to support business needs
Only shortlisted candidates will be notified. | https://onesubsurface.com/job/petroleum-measurement-engineer-in-kuala-lumpur-malaysia-3/ |
Our Mission:Black Mentorship Inc (BMI) is dedicated to the empowerment of Black Professionals in Canada. BMI fosters leadership by connecting Black youths, professionals and entrepreneurs at different stages of professional growth with industry experts through a unique mentoring program. BMI exists to elevate professional advancement through mentorship, education, and skills-building, thus building a better, more equitable workforce.
Copyright © Black Mentorship Inc. 2020 - Present. | https://blackmentorshipinc.ca/membership-account/membership-confirmation/ |
Throughout history Nature’s forces have proven to be overwhelmingly dangerous causing heavy loss of life, injuries and extensive damage to property. The Reinforced Earth® techniques through its natural strength and flexibility can help mitigate the consequences of such natural disasters.
Earthquakes
The most effective way for any structure to resist strong ground motions due to seismic activity is to have sufficient flexibility to dissipate the applied energy while not attracting detrimental loads onto critical structural elements. The inherent and proven ductility and resilience of Reinforced Earth® justify its high degree of acceptance in seismic active regions around the world. There are many documented examples of excellent performance during earthquakes which prove they can tolerate seismic events far better than actually designed for.
Floods, Tsunamis, Mud and Lava Flows
Due to its lower use of construction materials compared to a regular embankment and its suitability for vertical and sloping facing as well as over-steepened slopes, Reinforced Earth® is ideal as protection dikes or channelling walls against a variety of hazardous and naturally aggressive events such as water in the case of floods or tsunamis, but also debris and even lava flows. | https://reco.com.au/resources/how-we-do-it/natural-disasters.html |
Conservation Halton was created to protect, restore and manage the natural resources in our watershed but we have grown to become so much more. Today, we protect our communities and conserve our natural environment through planning, education and recreation and to support our partners in the creation of sustainable communities within our watershed.
We believe that diverse backgrounds and unique perspectives make us stronger. Conservation Halton is committed to be an equal opportunity employer, creating an inclusive work environment and encouraging employees to be their most authentic self, no matter their ethnic background, religious beliefs, age demographic, gender expression, sexual orientation, physical ability, mental health or general appearance.
Four years ago, Conservation Halton started a process of transformation through our strategic plan, Metamorphosis. That strategic plan was an important first step for us to better understand the needs of our community and lay the groundwork for what needed to be done. Metamorphosis has now reached its end, but it is more important than ever for us to plan for the future. Our new strategic plan, Momentum, positions us to use the improvements and achievements we have made to carry us into the future for a more green, resilient, connected tomorrow. We are looking to build our team with the kind of inspired, ambitious, and strategic people that are not satisfied with the status quo, are excited by the opportunity in every challenge and are driven by meaningful, measurable results. If you are looking to join an environmentally-focused and socially-conscious community organization, then we are looking for you!
Your Opportunity
Reporting to the Senior Planning Ecologist, the Planning Ecologist is responsible for the review of projects, studies, and planning and permit applications as they relate to the ecological resources of Conservation Halton’s watershed.
Your responsibilities include ecological technical review of permit applications concerning the regulations enacted under Section 28 of the Conservation Authorities Act. You will provide technical advice to regulations staff and inspect for compliance under Ontario Regulation 162/06 and Conservation Halton’s Policies and Procedures.
You will work with a team of multidisciplinary professionals to conduct ecological review and analysis of land use planning applications, in accordance with the Memoranda of Understanding/Agreement between Conservation Halton and our watershed municipalities for:
- Minor variances, severances, and site plans (with associated Official Plan Amendments and rezoning)
- Niagara Escarpment Plan Development Permits, Environmental Assessments
- Building Permits and Clearances
You will participate in regular internal meetings, prepare, and develop ecological guidelines and tools for planning review, as needed; and participate in corporate and inter-agency projects and studies where ecological input is required.
Your Qualifications
- A minimum of three (3) years of related work experience and a university degree in ecology, wildlife biology, environmental sciences and/or natural resources management; or have equivalent professional experience
- Certification in the Ontario Wetland Evaluation System (OWES), and experience with the Ontario Stream Assessment Protocol, Ecological Land Classification (ELC), are preferred
- Experience in ecological principles relating to watershed management, land use planning, construction techniques and practices, environmental impact assessment and mitigation, stormwater management, fluvial geomorphology, monitoring methodology, and restoration/rehabilitation techniques
- Working knowledge of the Conservation Authorities Act, Planning Act, Provincial Policy Statement and supporting documents, Environmental Assessment Act, Greenbelt Act and Plan, Niagara Escarpment Planning and Development Act and Plan, municipal (Regional and Local) Official Plans and other related environmental legislation
- Ability to see the big picture implications of future land use changes, and apply ecological principles
- Solid experience in the identification of flora and fauna
- Working knowledge of MS Office suite, Geographic Information (GIS) Systems, air photo interpretation and orienteering skills, experience with technical drawings and blueprint interpretation (i.e., landscaping, engineering drawings)
Your Reward
- Starting salary of $68,323 (based on skills and qualifications) annually based on a 35-hour work week
- You will work in an inspiring setting with views of the Niagara Escarpment and no traffic lights for several miles
- You will work with a creative, talented and solutions-focused team
- You will work for an organization that provides flexible work arrangements and places tremendous value on professional development and wellness of its employees
- Comprehensive benefits package
- Participation in the OMERS defined benefit pension plan, with generous employer-matching
- Free access to Conservation Ontario parks
- Season passes and lift tickets for the Glen Eden ski and snowboard area
- Discounts on Conservation Halton services, food and merchandise
Our Core Values
Diversity and Inclusion - We endeavor to understand, accept and appreciate the value of our differences and encourage authenticity.
Learning and Innovation - We embrace the need for continuous improvement, the opportunity to learn from
others and the benefits of sharing knowledge.
Person-Centered Service - We make people a priority through customer-centred engagement, predictive problem-solving and high-quality service.
Collaboration - We seek out and trust in the skills, expertise and experience of others in order to achieve our common ambition.
Sustainability - We consider the environmental impact of everything we do and always keep future generations in mind when making decisions.
Integrity - We make decisions with accountability, transparency and a strong sense of personal responsibility for our choices and actions.
Resilience - We are positive and proud of our ability to quickly and effectively respond to change.
To Apply
Please email your application to [email protected] by October 21, 2021
Your application should include:
Your resume and cover letter in one pdf document
Reference your name and the position title in the subject line
We thank all applicants for their interest however only those selected for an interview will be contacted.
In accordance with the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act, 2005 and the Ontario Human Rights Code, Conservation Halton will provide accommodations throughout the recruitment, selection and/or assessment process to applicants with disabilities. Personal information provided is collected under the authority of The Municipal Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act. | https://conservationhalton.ca/employment-details?posting=20211006-1 |
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THE EDUCATION MINISTER said parental preference was a key determinant in deciding the patronage of four new primary schools.
The four schools, which will be established this year and next year, will be able to cater for up to 1,728 pupils.
Speaking about the patronage Minister Bruton said, “The establishment of these new schools will ensure that sufficient school places are in place to cater for the growing cohort of pupils at primary level over the coming years.
Parental preference has become a key determinant in deciding the patronage of new schools and I’m pleased to say that the views of parents as expressed through the process are strongly reflected in the decisions I have made on the patronage of these four new schools.
The Minister also stated that all applications were assessed on the basis of published criteria, including the extent of diversity in existing schools and the scale of diversity to be provided by the new schools.
“We are committed to delivering on our Programme for Government commitment to reach 400 multi-denominational and non-denominational schools by 2030. In a changing Ireland, we believe that families around the country should be offered greater choice in the education system.”
Scoil Sinead is a new organisation which plans to operate a multi-denominational, co-educational, English-medium primary school.
The Board of Patrons aims to embrace the desire for diversity in education and is committed to the inclusion of all its students regardless of their abilities.
There are currently 64 primary schools under the patronage of An Foras Pátrúnachta. 35 of these schools are Catholic schools, 14 of these schools are multi-denominational and 15 of the schools are interdenominational. | https://www.thejournal.ie/educate-together-primary-schools-3376373-May2017/ |
Efficacy of Task-Specific Training on Physical Activity Levels of People With Stroke: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.
The majority of people after stroke demonstrate mobility limitations, which may reduce their physical activity levels. Task-specific training has been shown to be an effective intervention to improve mobility in individuals with stroke, however, little is known about the impact of this intervention on levels of physical activity. The main objective is to investigate the efficacy of task-specific training, focused on both upper and lower limbs, in improving physical activity levels and mobility in individuals with stroke. The secondary objective is to investigate the effects of the training on muscle strength, exercise capacity, and quality of life. This is a randomized controlled trial. The setting is public health centers. Community-dwelling people with chronic stroke. Participants will be randomized to either an experimental or control group, who will receive group interventions 3 times per week over 12 weeks. The experimental group will undertake task-specific training, while the control group will undertake global stretching, memory exercises, and health education sessions. Primary outcomes include measures of physical activity levels and mobility, whereas secondary outcomes are muscle strength, exercise capacity, and quality of life. The outcomes will be measured at baseline, postintervention, and at the 4- and 12-week follow-ups. The findings of this trial have the potential to provide important insights regarding the effects of task-specific training, focused on both upper and lower limbs, in preventing secondary poststroke complications and improving the participants' general health through changes in physical activity levels.
| |
Government policies can make or break a tech company’s chances of success.
As Treasurer Josh Frydenberg prepares to hand down his first, and perhaps only, budget, business executives have told Business Insider Australia what they need in order to thrive. There’s a lot on their list, but there are several recurring wishes.
They want certainty on the research and development tax incentives and an expansion of the early significant innovation company (ESIC) tax incentive.
There’s also calls for greater superannuation tax breaks for primary caregivers and a greater focus on health technology, among other things.
Here’s this year’s list of wishes and predictions for federal budget 2019-20.
Mike Rosenbaum, cofounder of The Sharing Hub and CEO of Spacer.com.au
This year we hope the budget will include more support and tax breaks for Australian businesses. By investing in our homegrown businesses we can boost our international prominence as an innovation nation that’s home to exciting startups and tech companies, which ultimately contributes to our overall economic prosperity.
The sharing economy is a mainstay that’s improving the way many live, earn and work. As such, it warrants the need for government to work closer with industry to learn how to develop effective regulation, which is why we hope to see the government introduce a Minister for the sharing economy.
Beau Bertoli, co-chief executive of Prospa
Prospa would love to see the Australian Business Securitisation Fund (ABSF) Bill passed. There is no time to waste in getting the ABSF passed into law and starting to solve a very large wholesale funding need.
We want to see small business borrowing and creating jobs.
In addition, the government has also previously announced tax cuts for small business that will provide much needed relief. It would be good to see this process expedited and tax cuts brought forward for this hard working sector, who continue to drive Australia’s future growth in GDP and jobs.
Des Hang, chief executive of CarBar
There’s been a lot of uncertainty on the R&D tax incentives and we would expect that this budget would further clear this up. Our biggest concern is that the overall pool of funds allocated to R&D tax credits shrinks, but the government still allows Australia’s largest companies to easily access them.
For instance, under the existing regime, CBA alone attempted to claim up to 5% ($100 million) of the $1.8 billion in government funds allocated to this policy. It’s no wonder the policy has cost the government $3 billion instead of the anticipated $1.8 billion.
Ideally, we would like to see a scenario where this policy is further honed on emerging businesses and government works to reduce access to it for Australia’s top companies — who already have access to several other incentives and breaks and employ accounting manpower to leverage them.
Michelle Gallaher, chief executive of ShareRoot
I predict there will be a continued focus on developing and encouraging more women coming into STEMM entrepreneurship. There is an alarming deficit in the number of women who are chief scientists or company founders in the Australian STEMM sector.
I also predict there will be increasing investment in digital health technologies and opportunities for new business growth and data-driven technologies that are health and medical research accelerators. Australia has banks of digital health data that could save lives. The health and medical research ecosystem is currently comprised of complex funding and ethics approval processes, as well as ad hoc policies and data governance strategies that differ across state and federal boundaries.
I hope the government see the need to invest in reducing barriers and red tape and encouraging transformative technology solutions that can drive economic, health and social benefits.
Trevor Townsend, CEO of Startup Bootcamp Australia
We would like to see the ESIC (early stage innovation company) rules simplified to provide more certainty around eligibility and status at the time of investment.
At present, the test is rather complex and it is causing startups to either pay accounting firms to certify them as ESIC compliant and/or seek tax office rulings. There should be budget set aside to build a simple online ESIC evaluation tool run by the ATO and also the additional budget allocation made to cater for the increased number of startups who would qualify.
Meanwhile, the number one issue that we would like to see the budget tackle is measures to accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles into the Australian market. This should take the form of the removal of the luxury car tax and/or subsidies that take into account the reduction of carbon emissions from the vehicles.
Rebecca Schot-Guppy, general manager of FinTech Australia
This budget, we’re expecting the government will further clarify its position on the R&D tax incentive. This clarification is important for fintech and startups looking to leverage the funding to help grow their businesses and finally end the ongoing uncertainty over the future of this policy.
Beyond that, we would like to see the Australian Government take note of the learnings from the UK Open Banking experience and carve out funding for consumer education to promote the use cases and adoption of Open Banking in Australia. The biggest issue for the Open Banking policy in the UK is adoption, and some preemptive thinking here could see Australia pull ahead in terms of its use of associated technology.
Finally, we would like to see the government expand the early significant innovation company (ESIC) tax incentive. This policy offers tax incentives to early investors of innovative companies, and next to R&D is another key policy underpinning the growth of the fintech sector.
Will Richardson, managing director of Giant Leap Fund
Clarification on the R&D tax incentive will prove crucial for this budget, and getting it wrong could send our ecosystem backwards.
We have a thriving accelerator and incubator network in Australia, but a shortage of angel funding. When companies leave these programs they rely on incentives like R&D tax rebate to give them more runway to succeed and go on to find further funding.
There’s also been a groundswell of support for a government fund that could help super funds and other institutional investors better invest into venture capital.
Anthony Clarke, AVP and country manager of ANZ at Pivotal Software
If Australia is to compete at the pace increasingly set by global tech giants, we must invest in innovation – especially education and skilling initiatives to address our technology skills deficit.
With this year’s budget, I’d like to see government working hand-in-hand with industry to raise awareness and a sense of urgency to address the skills gap and to better support the development of Australia’s technology ecosystem as well as looking to modernise the methods by which innovation is funded.
Name: Kym Atkins and Cofounder and chief executive at The Volte
We’d love to see more investment into startups and more tax breaks for startups. We’d especially like to see tax breaks around technology upgrades to sharing economy sites and apps, which are constantly needed. We’d also like to see more support women who juggle motherhood and business.
Tim Ebbeck, SVP and managing director of Automation Anywhere ANZ
A commitment from the government to invest in the provision of better technology education and training across universities and innovation centres will better equip Australian enterprises, dealing with a skilled workforce that will allow us to compete on a global platform. This is a medium-term solution due to the latency in every education system.
In the near term, by leveraging technology we can invest in valuable innovation that addresses the growing skills gap in Australia and can, through the adoption of a digital workforce driven by process automation, free up the capacity of our skilled human workforce.
Additionally, a budget that supports SMEs and their ability to accelerate in their digital transformation journeys, will also help enterprises of this size implement technology like automation, therefore freeing up resources for expansion and innovation.
Mark MacLeod, CEO of Roll-it Super
The facts are that primary care givers – the vast majority of whom are women – will retire with less super as they take time out of the work force. Spouse contributions enable the working spouse to top up their partner’s super account up to $3,000 and receive a tax offset of up to $540. This helps boost the balance of the primary care giver and provides an incentive for the bread-winning partner to keep super contributions rolling into their partner’s super account while away from work.
The issue is that the maximum rebatable contribution amount of $3,000 hasn’t changed in over 10 years. Increasing the rebatable amount to encourage more couples to contribute to their partner’s super will support greater super balance equity.
Trent Innes, managing director at Xero
We regularly hear from small business founders about the key concerns that are keeping them up at night. Better access to capital and funding would be at the top of that list, and we’re looking forward to hearing of measures in the federal budget that make it easier for small businesses to thrive in this challenging economy.
Having to pledge one’s own home in order to get a business loan shows a real lack of confidence in small business from the banking sector, and we need to explore other avenues that reduce the burden on founders to access the capital and funding they require. There’s already a precedent for this with NAB and Moula, who offer loans of up to $500,000 with no collateral, and base their lending decisions upon real-time financials in Xero.
Fred Schebesta, cofounder of Finder and HiveEx
My greatest hope is that the Federal Government will put a laser focus on the Research and Development Tax Incentive (R&DTI) scheme by making start up tech more affordable. Doing this will give businesses the ticket they need to create groundbreaking products, processes and services.
More tax relief is needed to give small businesses some breathing space. Internationally companies are looking at tax rates and where to start up. Australia does not provide globally competitive rates. Singapore and the UK seem to really be leading this. The Prime Minister has extended the Instant Asset Write-Off until June 2020, and upped it from $20,000 to $25,000 which is a huge win for small businesses – but I think this should be extended even further.
Shendon Ewans, CEO of Gobbill
Small business cashflow is tightening and many owners are drawing down on cash reserves to meet their payables. The federal budget urgently needs to address this to avert more windups later this year.
We hope the federal budget will quickly inject a stimulus to increase spending directed especially to small businesses. It’s also important to increase and extend the instant asset tax write-off for small businesses. Local small businesses are doing it tough.
Dr Silvia Pfeiffer, CEO of Coviu
It’s no secret that there’s a shortage of doctors in many rural and regional communities in Australia. In fact, a small town in NSW, Temora, even created a music video in a bid to attract more doctors to the community. The situation of having too few doctors in rural towns is also hard to change, particularly for specialists and allied health professionals, since the population density isn’t quite there to open up such a practice.
Given this, I’d like to see a federal budget that really focuses on modernising Australia’s health care sector. This should include reimbursements for Telehealth. Research has shown that up to 80% of clinical visits can be provided online via video consultations with comparable clinical outcomes, which would result in fairer access to healthcare for all citizens, regardless of their location. One of the ways this can be achieved is through improving support for non face-to-face healthcare delivery, which Telehealth makes possible through covering a larger area without having to travel more. I’d also like to see private health insurers get on board with it too.
Greg Muller, founder and CEO at Gooroo
In Tuesday’s budget we’re expecting the announcement that 1.25 million new jobs will be created in the next five years. The world of work is in a state of flux, with new jobs being created and old roles being made redundant and in the process we hear of a ‘skills gap’ being created.
This means that with 1.25 million new jobs being created, in order to secure them, Australians will need to develop new skills. Technology exists today that can help organisations hire future employees based on the way they will engage in the role and integrate in to the workplace. Understanding how people think and how they might respond to change or learn new skills is arguably more valuable than relying on how that person has “performed” in the past. Fit to role and team improves satisfaction, performance and keeps people in roles.
One of the biggest fears employees have about the future is that their current skills will become obsolete in the workplace. To address this, employers need to provide ongoing training to help workers keep their skills and knowledge up-to-date. Training must be interactive, continuous and where possible, personalised to the individual’s preferred mode of learning. Millennials have grown up in a technology-dependent age, expecting to access trusted information they seek quickly and on-the-go. And preparing the workforce for the digital world does not apply only to the general workforce. Senior leaders and executives will need new skills and the right mindset to lead in this new in order to take advantage of disruption and constant volatility.
Nick Smith, managing director for Informatica in Australia and New Zealand
The challenge for government is to start taking an incremental approach based on the skills they have today, rather than making big announcements about disrupting themselves. The question they need to ask is “How can we better use the data we have today and how can we structure ourselves to do this?”
There are pockets of excellence in government when it comes to innovation and a more effective use of technology to enable a more efficient government and even better citizen outcomes.
For example, Service NSW has already completely changed the way citizens engage across parts of NSW government agencies, and it’s brilliant.
When it comes to technology for government, there isn’t just one approach or answer and my hope is that the NSW government recognises that the technology already exists to store, analyse and share data between agencies and interested third parties.
I’d recommend that the NSW government prioritise identifying and investing in its tech-savvy people and embed then into the process of using technology to generate better outcomes for our citizens.
This can mean recruiting more people at leading agencies who know how to use technology to improve better outcomes or providing a means for those already embedded in the process to engage across agencies.
Bede Hackney, ANZ country Manager of Tenable
Cybersecurity needs to be firmly on the government’s federal budget agenda in 2019. Rising geopolitical tensions and an expanding attack surface have left governments and businesses more vulnerable than ever to targeted cyber attacks. The 2018 Global Business Risks report from the World Economic Forum ranks cyber attacks as the No. 3 global risk in terms of likelihood, behind extreme weather events and natural disasters. Given the increased threat of cyber attacks and the global consensus on the importance of cybersecurity, it’d be great to see the government increase its investment in Australia’s cybersecurity capabilities and deliver solutions to ensure the safety of its businesses and citizens.
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Follow Business Insider Australia on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Instagram. | https://www.businessinsider.com.au/what-australian-businesses-want-budget-2019-20 |
The Pipeline Safety Enforcement Program is designed to monitor and enforce compliance with pipeline safety regulations and confirm operators are meeting PHMSA's expectations for the safe, reliable, and environmentally-sound operation of their facilities.
Enforcement Actions
PHMSA employs a range of enforcement mechanisms to require pipeline operators to take appropriate and timely corrective actions for violations of federal pipeline safety regulations, and that they take preventive measures to preclude future failures or non-compliant operation of their pipelines.
Pipeline enforcement actions are available on the Enforcement Transparency Webpage (ET). Information shared includes details from pending and closed cases against pipeline operators found non-compliant with federal pipeline safety regulations and having unsafe conditions. Pipeline enforcement data and documents provided are organized by calendar year of issuance and type of enforcement action with data exporting capabilities.
PHMSA also exercises enforcement actions against excavators who damage pipelines in states with inadequate excavation damage prevention law enforcement programs under 49 C.F.R. Part 196. These actions are available at the Third Party Excavation Enforcement Webpage.
Enforcement Guidance
Enforcement guidance documents are available to clarify PHMSA's enforcement authority by identifying and summarizing precedent, including those from interpretations, advisory bulletins, final orders, and decisions on petitions for reconsideration. The material contained in these documents describe the practices used by PHMSA personnel in undertaking their compliance, inspection, and enforcement activities. This guidance facilitates improved enforcement consistency and is particularly helpful where precedence exists for clarifying performance-based requirements. For enforcement guidance, please click link below to access these documents:
Pipeline Enforcement Guidance Documents
Enforcement Procedures
Comprehensive Enforcement Procedures provide structure to PHMSA's pipeline enforcement program. The Enforcement Procedures institutionalize learnings/best practices, improve nationwide consistency with a unified approach to enforcement, identify individual responsibilities and expectations for completing each step, and how documents and information flow between individuals and organizations in processing enforcement cases. The Enforcement Procedures include risk-based criteria for selecting enforcement actions.
Pipeline Enforcement Procedure Manual
Civil Penalty Summary
Pipeline Civil Penalty Summary
Response Options for Operators
Response Options for Pipeline Operators in Enforcement Proceedings
Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act
The Small Business and Agricultural Regulatory Enforcement Ombudsman and 10 Regional Fairness Boards were established to receive comments from small businesses about federal agency enforcement actions. The Ombudsman will annually evaluate the enforcement activities and rate each agency's responsiveness to small business. If you wish to comment on the enforcement actions of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, call 1-888-REG-FAIR (1-888-734-3247). For more information about The Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act, please click here. | https://www7.phmsa.dot.gov/pipeline/enforcement/enforcement-overview |
The twelve essays in Victorian Environmental Nightmares explore various “environmental nightmares” through applied analyses of Victorian texts. Over the course of the nineteenth century, writers of imaginative literature often expressed fears and concerns over environmental degradation (in its wide variety of meanings, including social and moral). In some instances, natural or environmental disasters influenced these responses; in other instances a growing awareness of problems caused by industrial pollution and the growth of cities prompted responses. Seven essays in this volume cover works about Britain and its current and former colonies that examine these nightmare environments at home and abroad. But as the remaining five essays in this collection demonstrate, “environmental nightmares” are not restricted to essays on actual disasters or realistic fiction, since in many cases Victorian writers projected onto imperial landscapes or wholly imagined landscapes in fantastic fiction their anxieties about how humans might change their environments—and how these environments might also change humans.
- About the authors
-
Laurence W. Mazzeno is President Emeritus of Alvernia University in Reading, Pennsylvania, USA.
Ronald D. Morrison is Professor of English at Morehead State University in Morehead, Kentucky, USA. | https://www.springer.com/us/book/9783030140410?utm_campaign=bookpage_about_buyonpublisherssite&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=springerlink |
Q:
matSort not working with multiple mat-tables
I have a page with 2 mat-tables populated from 2 data sources. The sorting isn't working for me. Please advise. Here is the stackblitz link
TS File
export class TableSortingExample implements OnInit {
displayedColumns: string[] = ['position', 'name', 'weight', 'symbol'];
displayedColumns2: string[] = ['position2', 'name2', 'weight2'];
dataSource = new MatTableDataSource(ELEMENT_DATA);
dataSource2 = new MatTableDataSource(ELEMENT_DATA2);
@ViewChildren(MatSort)
sort = new QueryList<MatSort>();
ngOnInit() {
this.dataSource.sort = this.sort.toArray()[0];
this.dataSource2.sort = this.sort.toArray()[1];
}
}
I couldn't put the html file here, stackoverflow said too much code in question. Please go over to the stackblitz to see the html.
A:
I think the problem is related to column names and keys of an object that you are using for iteration:
For example:
DataSource for the second table
const ELEMENT_DATA2: any[] = [
{ position: 11, name: 'Hydrogen', weight: 1.0079 },
{ position: 12, name: 'Helium', weight: 4.0026 },
{ position: 13, name: 'Lithium', weight: 6.941 },
{ position: 14, name: 'Beryllium', weight: 9.0122 }
];
Column names for the second table is:
displayedColumns2: string[] = ['position2', 'name2', 'weight2'];
which actually mismatch from above object key, so just change the JSON Object which matches the keys same as displayedColumns2 so the sort function will know the columns names on which it has to sort.
Like:
const ELEMENT_DATA2: any[] = [
{ position2: 11, name2: 'Hydrogen', weight2: 1.0079 },
{ position2: 12, name2: 'Helium', weight2: 4.0026 },
{ position2: 13, name2: 'Lithium', weight2: 6.941 },
{ position2: 14, name2: 'Beryllium', weight2: 9.0122 }
];
StackBlitz
| |
Summary: Transcranial alternating current brain stimulation (tACS) significantly reduced symptoms in people diagnosed with major depressive disorder in a pilot clinical trial.
The research, published in Translational Psychiatry, lays the groundwork for larger research studies to use a specific kind of electrical brain stimulation called transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to treat people diagnosed with major depression.
Frohlich, who joined the UNC School of Medicine in 2011, is a leading pioneer in this field who also published the first clinical trials of tACS in schizophrenia and chronic pain.
His tACS approach is unlike the more common brain stimulation technique called transcranial direct stimulation (tDCS), which sends a steady stream of weak electricity through electrodes attached to various parts of the brain. That approach has had mixed results in treating various conditions, including depression. Frohlich’s tACS paradigm is newer and has not been investigated as thoroughly as tDCS. Frohlich’s approach focuses on each individual’s specific alpha oscillations, which appear as waves between 8 and 12 Hertz on an electroencephalogram (EEG). The waves in this range rise in predominance when we close our eyes and daydream, meditate, or conjure ideas – essentially when our brains shut out sensory stimuli, such as what we see, feel, and hear.
Previous research showed that people with depression featured imbalanced alpha oscillations; the waves were overactive in the left frontal cortex. Frohlich thought his team could target these oscillations to bring them back in synch with the alpha oscillations in the right frontal cortex. And if Frohlich’s team could achieve that, then maybe depression symptoms would be decreased.
His lab recruited 32 people diagnosed with depression and surveyed each participant before the study, according to the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), a standard measure of depression.
The participants were then separated into three groups. One group received the sham placebo stimulation – a brief electrical stimulus to mimic the sensation at the beginning of a tACS session. A control group received a 40-Hertz tACS intervention, well outside the range that the researchers thought would affect alpha oscillations. A third group received the treatment intervention – a 10-Hertz tACS electrical current that targeted each individual’s naturally occurring alpha waves. Each person underwent their invention for 40 minutes on five consecutive days. None of the participants knew which group they were in, and neither did the researchers, making this a randomized double-blinded clinical study – the gold standard in biomedical research. Each participant took the MADRS immediately following the five-day regimen, at two weeks, and again at four weeks.
Prior to the study, Frohlich set the primary outcome at four weeks, meaning that the main goal of the study was to assess whether tACS could bring each individual’s alpha waves back into balance and decrease symptoms of depression four weeks after the five-day intervention. He set this primary outcome because scientific literature on the study of tDCS also used the four-week mark.
Frohlich’s team found that participants in the 10-Hertz tACS group featured a decrease in alpha oscillations in the left frontal cortex; they were brought back in synch with the right side of the frontal cortex. But the researchers did not find a statistically significant decrease in depression symptoms in the 10-Hertz tACS group, as opposed to the sham or control groups at four weeks.
But when Frohlich’s team looked at data from two weeks after treatment, they found that 70 percent of people in the treatment group reported at least a 50 percent reduction of depression symptoms, according to their MADRS scores. This response rate was significantly higher than the one for the two other control groups. A few of the participants had such dramatic decreases that Frohlich’s team is currently writing case-studies on them. Participants in the placebo and control groups experienced no such reduction in symptoms.
Frohlich’s lab is currently recruiting for two similar follow-up studies.
Other authors of the Translational Psychiatry paper are co-first authors Morgan Alexander, study coordinator and graduate student, and Sankaraleengam Alagapan, PhD, a postdoctoral fellow, both in the department of psychiatry at UNC-Chapel Hill; David Rubinow, MD, the Assad Meymandi Distinguished Professor and Chair of Psychiatry at the UNC School of Medicine; former UNC postdoctoral fellow Caroline Lustenberger, PhD; and Courtney Lugo and Juliann Mellin, both study coordinators at the UNC School of Medicine.
This research was funded through grants from the Brain Behavior Research Foundation, National Institutes of Health, the BRAIN Initiative, and the Foundation of Hope.
Frohlich holds joint appointments at UNC-Chapel Hill in the department of cell biology and physiology and the Joint UNC-NC State Department of Biomedical Engineering. He is also a member of the UNC Neuroscience Center. | https://neurosciencenews.com/brain-stimulation-tacs-depression-10877/?utm_campaign=Feed%3A+neuroscience-rss-feeds-neuroscience-news+%28Neuroscience+News+Updates%29&utm_medium=feed&utm_source=feedburner |
This ongoing project explores developing a technology-based intervention to help change sedentary behavior in inactive adults. Modifying sedentary lifestyles has become a priority in many fields, as inactivity has been causally linked to many of the most common health conditions in America. Previous studies using technology-based activity motivation techniques have shown positive results, but further research is needed to look at the effectiveness of such interventions in different populations and settings. This study, while highly interdisciplinary, largely used concepts from persuasive technology, technology designed to promote behavior and attitude change. We followed a user-centered design process to develop a technology system for underserved populations most at-risk for sedentary behavior. The system has three interactive components designed using ideas from wearable and ambient technology, mobile development, and social networking. We will conduct a user needs analysis, gather reaction and feedback to the prototype design, and test using a real world evaluation of the prototype to tailor the system to the target population.
|Funding:||Engineering Excellence Fund Small Award|
|The University of Colorado Summer Multicultural Access to Research Training Program|
|Acknowledgements:||Nwanua Elumeze and Aniomagic|
Prototype descriptions can be found here. | https://wii.luddy.indiana.edu/research/walk-it-out/ |
How to Find population growth rate?
The most straightforward way to calculate population growth rate is to divide the absolute change in population by the starting population.
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There is more than one potential answer to this question, depending on if you are working with straight line growth rates or average growth rates over time.
Both growth rate calculations use straightforward formulas, and neither formula makes use of complex math skills.
The simpler of the two calculation formulas is the formula for straight line growth rate. All you need to know is the present population and the previous population. The amount of time that passed between those two dates is irrelevant.
Let's make up some population numbers. Let's say that the population of Townsville is currently 44,000 people. The previous census done 4 years prior shows that the population was 38,000 people. That's an absolute change of 6,000 people.
The formula that you are going to use can be written two different ways.
Way #1:
Growth rate = absolute change/past population
Way #2:
Growth rate = (current population - past population)/past population
The first formula assumes that you already know the difference in the two population numbers. Let's plug our numbers in using the first formula.
Growth rate = 6,000/38,000
Growth rate = .1578
Multiply by 100 to get a percentage. Feel free to round.
Growth rate = 15.8%
Chances are that the population didn't increase at exactly the same rate from year to year in Townsville. Suppose 1980 was 38,000, 1981 was 38,601, 1982 was 40,402, and 1983 was 44,000. That's not steady growth, so a more accurate calculation would use the formula for average growth rates over time. This formula is as follows.
Growth rate = (Present population/previous population)^1/N - 1
N = the number of years between the starting population and the present population.
Growth rate = (44,000/38,000)^1/4 - 1
Growth rate = (1.15789)^.25 - 1
Growth rate = 1.037 - 1
Growth rate = .03733
Growth rate = 3.7%
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Having lived in the hurricane zone for most of the last decade, I have developed a bit of an addiction to The Weather Channel this time of year. Until recently, the general feeling around hurricane coverage and anticipation of hurricane season in the United States has been a fear of “the big one.” Now, and especially this summer, I am surprised to find I am hoping for a hurricane. Not a big one, of course. But as far as the health of coral reefs is concerned, a few minor ones would do the trick.
It may surprise you to know that, given the warming trends in the ocean and the fact that El Niño seems to be setting up for this winter, a hurricane is just what coral reefs need to avoid a mass bleaching event.
Don’t get me wrong: Big hurricanes can cause serious damage to coral reefs. But generally, storms are something they have adapted to and as long as they are in good health, will be able to recover from.
But why are hurricanes good for coral reefs?
The combination of still hot water and radiation stress from cloud-free summer days is a deadly duo for corals. But with hurricanes, you get lots and lots of wind, and the ocean gets all stirred up. The clouds come in and darken the sky and cool things off with lots of rainfall. This is just what a reef needs to keep from bleaching when they have been cooking in the sun, getting stressed from the heat.
Here’s why: When corals are stressed, they expel the tiny algae cells that live in their tissues, turning the corals white. This bleaching (the appearance of “whitened” coral where there was once-colorful coral) is a symptom of stress in corals and other reef animals with symbiotic algae. These tiny algae are known as zooxanthellae and are present in most healthy reef-building corals. Zooxanthellae provide nutrients and oxygen to the coral through photosynthetic activities, allowing their host to direct more energy toward growth and constructing its calcium carbonate skeleton.
The host coral polyp in return provides zooxanthellae with a protected environment and a constant supply of carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis. When sea temperatures become too warm (above 28 C), the photosythetic system of the zooxanthellae can not effectively process incoming light. This results in production of “superoxides,” such as hydrogen peroxide, toxic byproducts of this process. These toxins contribute to coral stress reactions, which lead to bleaching. In extreme cases of bleaching, corals die.
I tend to think about the hurricane season in terms of the alphabet — if we are in August and have gotten past the letter “G,” it usually means a pretty active year. Remember the hurricane season of 2005, when we used up all the letters and started using Greek letters?
Now, here at the height of this year’s hurricane season, we’ve barely reached “E,” with only one hurricane in the bunch. With Hurricane Bill avoiding the Caribbean pretty much, we can only hope to see a few small storms this month that would cool things off in the Lesser Antilles and Northern Caribbean. That’s good news, because NOAA’s Coral Reef Watch Program has predicted these areas will be hit the hardest by mass bleaching, based on the current sea surface temperature models derived from satellite data.
Right now, Florida reefs are under watch for bleaching due to persistent warm water that doesn’t seem to be going away. This isn’t good news — but unfortunately, it gets worse. Because it is the beginning of an El Niño year that is typically characterized by warming seas, we can expect to see even more extreme conditions for Caribbean reefs next year.
Scientists have identified a trend that usually goes something like this: The first part of the El Niño cycle brings some bleaching to the Caribbean, and then in the later part of the El Niño cycle the sustained sea warming trend makes Caribbean reefs even more likely to experience mass bleaching. So, we may get a teaser now that will hopefully prepare coral reef managers for what is to come next summer.
One of the tools The Nature Conservancy and partners such as NOAA are encouraging reef managers to develop and use is a bleaching response plan. These plans help managers to be prepared for the impending event by:
-
Making decisions about bleaching monitoring protocols;
-
Coordinating monitoring teams among many different agencies;
-
Communicating about the event;
-
Discussing how to implement management interventions.
Related on MNN: How does El Niño affect hurricanes? | https://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/wilderness-resources/stories/hoping-for-a-hurricane-coral-reefs-are |
Under a background of the sluggish TV markets around the world in 191H, the global OEM market showed a more depressed performance. According to Sigmaintell’s statistical data, the total shipment of the top 16 TV OEM manufacturers was 39.24 million globally in 191H, by the YoY and QoQ declines of 8.9% and 24.3% respectively. From the perspective of various areas’ shipment performance, the market demand was sluggish in China market but active in overseas markets, especially Europe, Middle East, Africa, and North America.
The Global Smartphone Panel Market Remained Sluggish in 1H 2019, with a 5.2% YoY Shipment Decline
Under a background of intensified inter-regional trade frictions in the world and political instability, the global economic recovery weakens further. According to the latest prediction of IMF on the global economic growth, after times of reductions of global economic growth expectation in 2019, it's expected that the growth would only be increased by 3.2%, which shows a significant slowing.
As for the monitor panel shipment, after a moderate decline in Q2, it was still on the declining trend in Q2. According to Sigmaintell's statistical data, on a YoY basis, the shipment dropped by 2.5% in Q1 and 6.4% in Q2. Overall, for the first half of 2019, the total shipment of global monitor panel market was 69.383 million, with a 4.4% YoY decline; the shipment area decreased by 0.7%.Date:2019-08-01 Source:Sigmaintell
Early in 2012, based on measurement and calculation, Sigmaintell proposed a theory of “if the average panel size increases one inch per year, the sales volume shall be equal to the production capacity of an 8.5G line on the premise of the product number remain unchanged”. This rule of “large-size strategy can absorb production capacity and maintain the industry’s virtuous development” continues to this day. According to Sigmaintell’s data, in those years when the average panel size was on a significant increasing, the supply and demand ratio slid, the panel prices and panel manufacturers’ profit margin increased. As Sigmaintell’s prediction, TV panel’s average size would have the possibility to increase 1.4 inches in 2019, globally.
Generally, the third quarter is considered as the peak season of a year. However, considering suppliers’ inventory pressure, Sigmaintell predicts that, in Q3 2019, the prices of Notebook panels would drop slightly or be stable. In July, the average price has reduced for no more than USD 0.1, and it’s expected to decrease for still less than USD 0.1.
Both operation and profiting of makers are facing severe challenges. The global TV panel industry is facing unprecedented difficulties.
12.2% YoY Growth of TV Panel Capacity
In terms of large size, demand growth of end products continued to be lower than supply growth. From June to July, the price of 65" fell sharply. It is expected that the decline in August will be narrowed to less than $5.
32", the price drop in June is large, and it is expected to fall slightly by 1 dollar in July.
The market demand for Notebook panel had recovered at the end of the second quarter, the shortage of Intel CPU was eased. According to Sigmaintell’s prediction, the average Notebook panel price is likely to decrease by 0.1 USD in June and to be relative stable until July.
The escalation of trade friction has made the demand for export continued unclear, and the 6.18 off-season is less than expected, and brand manufacturers are facing the pressure of destocking. The above two factors have aggravated the pessimistic expectation of the LCD TV panel market.
China Shall Be One of The Most Potential Markets Thanks to The Both Demands for Device Popularization and Upgrading.Europe as the second largest one, its medical devices occupies about 30% of the global market, where Germany and France are the two main producers.
The overall market for mobile phones continued to decline. According to Sigmaintell's data, the shipments of mobile phone panels in the whole year of 2019 fell by about 4.5 percentage points Y-o-Y. In the overall economic downturn, the price of mobile phone panels lacks growth momentum and prices continue to decline.
Monitor panel:
The main brand inventory is still higher than average in March, and the demand of display panel is still weak because of the labor lack after the Chinese Spring Festival. Panel manufactures began to adjust the allocation of supply and production capacity. Some of the panel manufactures decreased the capacity allocation of monitor and increased the capacity allocation of TV in the 6th generation to the 8.5th generation. In general, except the productions of 23.6'', the decreasing amplitude of productions of 23.8'' and below has narrowed, while the decreasing amplitude of jumbo size productions is still high. Sigmaintell predicts that with the beginning of preparation for Chinese 6•18 shopping festival, the decreasing amplitude of small and medium size will narrow, the price of Opencell will gradually stop falling, but the productionswith jumbo size and high-resolution will continuously decrease.
The analysis of main size is as follows:
1. 21.5'', the demand of B2B market is weak, so the price will continue to fall. We predict that the average price of module in March will decrease $0.5, and the decreasing amplitude in April will narrow to $0.2. In Opencell, due to the supply adjustment of some panel manufactures and the high drop range in earlier days, it is predicted that the price will stop falling in March, and remain flat in April.
2. 23.8'', while the general demand of medium size productions gathers to productions of 23.8'', the shipment of latter ones in 2019 is predicted to be over those of 21.5''. At the same time, the average price of module will decrease $0.5 in March, and $0.4 in April; the average price of OC will decrease a little, about $0.2, and stop falling in April.
3. 27'', the market is still oversupplied, and panel manufacturers will gradually transfer their focus to high-resolution productions. It is predicted that the average price of IPS FHD module will decrease about $0.7 in March and maintain the same amplitude in April.
Notebook panel:
The market demand in the first quarter continues to be low while the inventory of those brand factories is still high. The shortage of Intel CPU has a great influence towards the stock of brand factories. Those brands reduce their demand, which means the panel manufactures should adjust the capacity allocation to reply it. Sigmaintell predicts that the average price of Notebook panel will decrease $0.3 to $0.4 in March, and $0.2 to $0.3 in April.
Ultra-size market accelerates its development since 2018, according to Report on Global TV Manufacturer Shipment and Supply Chain given by Sigmaintell, the global shipment of 70” and over TV in 2018 is 3.41 million sets with a year-on-year growth of 58.3%. As for ultra-size products, in spite of 86” in IWB market, 70”, 75”,82”and 85” all stand up to others as an equal.
In 2018, the shipment of global fingerprint chip declined by 18.8% year-on-year.
The report of Sigmaintell, Global Smartphone and Fingerprint Market Tracking & Forecast Report, shows that due to the overall demand of terminal’s decline and the competition of 3D facial recognition, the shipment of fingerprint chip is about 879 million, with 18.8% year-on-year decline.Date:2019-03-19 Source:Sigmaintell
After the Spring Festival, the demand for brand stocking has warmed up, although on the one hand it is affected by the reduction in inventory, on the other hand, affected by the CPT event, the a-Si market price wants to rise.
On the demand side, for one thing, the inventory of brand manufacturers is still high, for another the mass production time of the Intel processor’s 10 nanometer process is uncertain, CPU shortage continues affecting the product structure of brand manufactories, so the stock of brand manufactories is conservative, and overall demand continues declining slightly. Sigmaintell predicts that the average price of notebook panels falls by $0.3 to $0.4 in February, and that the average price of notebook panels will maintain the same range of decline in March.
Global Vehicle sales declined year on year in 2018 due to the weakening environment
Influenced by factors such as trade protection and economic downturn, preliminary statistics of Sigmaintell shows that the global Vehicle sales volume in 2018 was about 95.3 million units, declined by 0.4% year on year. With the impact of weak global industry environment and the declining consumer confidence, global Vehicle sales are expected to remain basically unbiased in 2019.
According to the calculation based on “supply and demand model” of Sigmaintell, The global TV panel market was structurally unbalanced in the first quarter.Affected by the sharp adjustment of the previous price, the small and medium-sized prices gradually bottomed out. It is expected that the price will rise slightly in March. The large-scale production capacity will continue to increase, and the demand in the off-season will not be strong, and the price will continue to fall. The performance analysis of each size is as follows: | http://www.sigmaintell.com/en/news.php?cid=38&page=4 |
I love the start of a new year because I’m a big fan of making resolutions. During the first week of January everything seems possible because I have a whole year to accomplish something. In addition to making general resolutions (i.e., spend more time at the gym), I also make sewing resolutions as a way to motivate myself to gain new skills and broaden my sewing repertoire.
1.Sew the perfect pair of pants – This is the year that I’m going to get over my pant fitting phobia and make an awesome pair of pants. The Portfolio pant pattern is already on my list.
2.Sew from my collection of vintage patterns – A couple years ago I inherited my grandmother’s extensive vintage pattern collection that includes patterns from the 1940’s to the 1980’s. The patterns will require some fitting alterations to work for me so I always put off making them, but this is the year I pull them out and sew a few of them up in contemporary fabrics. It will be a great way to hone my pattern alteration skills. I can’t wait to make this Pauline Trigere pattern for spring.
3. Make a quilt – I’ve always been primarily an apparel sewer but this year I’m going to break out of my comfort zone and make a full-size modern quilt. It will be a great way to use up my fabric stash and learn some new techniques. This quilt by Denyse Schmidt is exactly the inspiration I need to get motivated!
Whew! Okay that’s pretty ambitious, but I have a whole year, right! What are your sewing goals for 2012? Let us know in the comments. This is the year to learn something new and get creative!
I hope you’ll do some blog posts on fitting the vintage patterns! I inherited quite a few myself and need to make them smaller, which is something I’ve never had to do before! I’ve found a few resources online but I’d love to read more about it.
I’d love to see some posts on fitting pants. I’ve only just started making pants – I got over my pant sewing phobia with the portfolio pants pattern and now I’ve started making trousers for work.
A collared long sleeve basic shirt would be great too!
Pants!!! They are the final frontier for me. I want a pattern like the pants Liesl is wearing in the next post. | https://www.sewlisette.com/blog/2012/01/2012-sewing-resolutions/ |
How to Be More Introspective
Discover what introspection is and the tools you need to do it.
Posted September 20, 2021 | Reviewed by Jessica Schrader
Key points
- Introspection plays an important role in mental health.
- Tips for becoming more introspective include self-monitoring and multi-process self-detection.
- If introspection makes you feel anxious or gets you stuck in your thoughts, it may be time to take a step back.
Generally, introspection involves looking inward to try to understand ourselves. It does not involve looking outward. For example, we can learn about our internal states by asking other people to give us feedback or by looking in the mirror and seeing our facial expressions, but these are not considered forms of introspection (Schwitzgebel, 2012).
Given psychology is all about the mind, introspection plays an important role in mental health. For example, if we are unable to identify our emotions, how are we supposed to understand or manage them? Or, if we are unable to notice the thoughts that give rise to negative emotions, how are we to change these thoughts to create a happier mind? Through introspection, we can gain knowledge about our inner workings. This knowledge can help us improve our lives.
Why Might We Want to Be More Introspective?
Scientists suggest that many states are accessible to us through introspection. These states include attitudes, beliefs, desires, evaluations, intentions, emotions, and sensory experiences (Schwitzgebel, 2012). On the other hand, it's thought that our personality traits are not available to us through introspection, largely because we often have a difficult time knowing precisely what our character traits are.
Given we all experience these states, introspection is a tool that is available to all of us. With practice and effort, we can improve our ability to introspect, better understand ourselves, and use this knowledge to create the life we desire. So how does one gain (or improve) their ability to look inward?
How to Be More Introspective
To improve introspection, we have to find ways to make the information in our minds more accessible—we need to bring it toward consciousness (Vermersch, 1999). So let's talk about how to do that.
Self-Monitoring
One theory of introspection is that it is self-monitoring—it is a simple scanning process that involves simply noticing what's going on in our minds (Schwitzgebel, 2012). If this is true, it would require relatively little effort and would likely be aided by psychological tools like mindful meditation.
Mindfulness is a technique that simply involves observing without judgment. Thoughts, emotions, and other information flow through your mind and you simply notice. You might also imagine these thoughts floating away like clouds in the sky. By quieting your mind, you allow yourself to observe, learn, and gain insights about your inner workings.
Multi-Process Self-Detection
Introspection may be viewed as a type of self-detection that uses multiple processes. In this view, we pay attention to our internal states and processes. Then we form judgments about them (Schwitzgebel, 2012). In this sense, introspection is a process where our active mind may observe or it may interact with the information. For example, let's say I introspect and notice myself getting really anxious before I have to give a speech. I might judge that this is a bad thing, and suddenly my anxiety starts increasing. Introspecting has just changed my inner state.
Indeed, research shows that paying attention to our negative thoughts and emotions tends to amplify them. So we do need to be careful when looking inward. Be careful to notice how you respond to what you learn. The mindful approach, which is non-judgmental, may indeed be the safest route to self-discovery.
Ask Yourself Questions
Remember, introspection can be used to better understand our attitudes, beliefs, desires, evaluations, intentions, emotions, and sensory experiences. So what exactly do we do? One thing we can do is ask ourselves questions like the ones below:
- Who am I?
- Who do I want to be?
- What do I really want in life?
- How do I really feel about myself?
- What are my beliefs?
- What do I value?
- What matters most to me?
- What is the right next step for me?
After asking each question, just sit with the question and try to notice, without judgment, what thoughts come to mind. If it's helpful to you, you may also want to get a journal to take notes and record your thoughts.
Is There a Downside to Introspection?
Introspection, when done carefully, can help us learn about ourselves. But we do have to be cautious that well-intentioned introspection doesn't turn into rumination. Rumination is where we turn thoughts over and over again in our minds, continuing to think about something we said—or something we did or even about who we are—in an effort to solve a problem that can't be solved.
If you find that introspection makes you feel anxious or gets you stuck in your thoughts, then take a step back and try to remember to let thoughts come and go like clouds in the sky or leaves in a river. Also, be careful not to judge yourself or your discoveries.
In Sum
Introspection is a valuable tool that can help us gain self-insight. With this information, we can hopefully change our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in ways that help us grow our happiness and well-being.
Adapted from an article published by The Berkeley Well-Being Institute.
References
Schwitzgebel, E. (2012). Introspection, what?. Introspection and consciousness, 29-48.
Vermersch, P. (1999). Introspection as practice. Journal of consciousness studies, 6(2-3), 17-42. | https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/click-here-happiness/202109/how-be-more-introspective |
The Q-function used in the EM algorithm is based on the log likelihood. Therefore, it is regarded as the log-EM algorithm. Obtaining this Q-function is a generalized E step.
Estimation of a Two-component Mixture Model with Applications to Multiple Testing
Its maximization is a generalized M step. No computation of gradient or Hessian matrix is needed. EM is a partially non-Bayesian, maximum likelihood method. In this paradigm, the distinction between the E and M steps disappears. Now, k steps per iteration are needed, where k is the number of latent variables. For graphical models this is easy to do as each variable's new Q depends only on its Markov blanket , so local message passing can be used for efficient inference.
In information geometry , the E step and the M step are interpreted as projections under dual affine connections , called the e-connection and the m-connection; the Kullback—Leibler divergence can also be understood in these terms. The aim is to estimate the unknown parameters representing the mixing value between the Gaussians and the means and covariances of each:.
- Submission history!
- 1. INTRODUCTION;
- The Annals of Applied Statistics.
The inner sum thus reduces to one term. These are called the "membership probabilities" which are normally considered the output of the E step although this is not the Q function of below. This has the same form as the MLE for the binomial distribution , so. The algorithm illustrated above can be generalized for mixtures of more than two multivariate normal distributions. The EM algorithm has been implemented in the case where an underlying linear regression model exists explaining the variation of some quantity, but where the values actually observed are censored or truncated versions of those represented in the model.
EM typically converges to a local optimum, not necessarily the global optimum, with no bound on the convergence rate in general. It is possible that it can be arbitrarily poor in high dimensions and there can be an exponential number of local optima. Hence, a need exists for alternative methods for guaranteed learning, especially in the high-dimensional setting. Alternatives to EM exist with better guarantees for consistency, which are termed moment-based approaches or the so-called spectral techniques [ citation needed ].
Moment-based approaches to learning the parameters of a probabilistic model are of increasing interest recently since they enjoy guarantees such as global convergence under certain conditions unlike EM which is often plagued by the issue of getting stuck in local optima. Algorithms with guarantees for learning can be derived for a number of important models such as mixture models, HMMs etc. For these spectral methods, no spurious local optima occur, and the true parameters can be consistently estimated under some regularity conditions [ citation needed ].
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Machine learning and data mining Problems. Dimensionality reduction.
Expectation–maximization algorithm
Structured prediction. Graphical models Bayes net Conditional random field Hidden Markov. Anomaly detection. Artificial neural networks. Reinforcement learning.
Mixtures: Estimation and Applications out!
Machine-learning venues. Glossary of artificial intelligence. Related articles. List of datasets for machine-learning research Outline of machine learning. EM clustering of Old Faithful eruption data. The random initial model which, due to the different scales of the axes, appears to be two very flat and wide spheres is fit to the observed data.
In the first iterations, the model changes substantially, but then converges to the two modes of the geyser. Visualized using ELKI. Further information: Information geometry. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics. Maximum likelihood theory and applications for distributions generated when observing a function of an exponential family variable.
Communications in Statistics — Simulation and Computation. Contributions to the theory of estimation from grouped and partially grouped samples. Statistics from the point of view of statistical mechanics. Lecture notes, Mathematical Institute, Aarhus University. Stockholm University. The notion of redundancy and its use as a quantitative measure of the deviation between a statistical hypothesis and a set of observational data. Affiliations 1. Find all citations in this journal default.
- Discovering Your Spiritual Gifts (Women of Faith / Bible Study Series).
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Or filter your current search. Abstract Mixtures of beta distributions are a flexible tool for modeling data with values on the unit interval, such as methylation levels. While ad-hoc corrections have been proposed to mitigate this problem, we propose a different approach to parameter estimation for beta mixtures where such problems do not arise in the first place. Our algorithm combines latent variables with the method of moments instead of maximum likelihood, which has computational advantages over the popular EM algorithm.
As an application, we demonstrate that methylation state classification is more accurate when using adaptive thresholds from beta mixtures than non-adaptive thresholds on observed methylation levels. We also demonstrate that we can accurately infer the number of mixture components. It is challenging to express the uncertainty around the MAP partition as each partition is composed of assignments of states to clusters.
The extent of the distance or spread between concentrations of low and high co-clustering probabilities provides an indication of the degree of concentration around the MAP point clustering estimate. A larger spread between low and high values for pairwise assignment probabilities indicates lower variability in cluster assignments. The focus is on the co-clustering probability for state i with state j , and not the assignment to clusters.
Our task was to estimate latent, state-indexed functions that improve the efficiency and interpretability of county-level employment statistics constructed from the state CPS estimates. We developed nonparametric mixture formulations that simultaneously estimate the latent, state-indexed functions and allow the data to discover a general dependence structure among them that borrows estimation strength to improve precision.
Our simulation study results demonstrated that failing to account for a dependence structure among states in the estimation model lessens the ability to uncover the true latent functions. Our DP mixture of GPs or iGMRFs, outlined in 3 and 5 , employ an unsupervised approach for discovering dependence among the state functions based on similarities in the time-indexed patterns expressed in the data. They perform well on our CPS employment count application, uncovering a differentiation among states based on their employment sensitivities to the Great Recession.
The simulation study revealed a greater robustness, both in estimation of accuracy of the latent functions and their clustering properties, of the GP mixture model as compared to the iGMRF mixture, due to the regulated smoothness properties of the rational quadratic covariance formulation and its inclusion of more parameters than iGMRF to reflect the trend, scale and frequency properties of the estimated latent functions. The iGMRF computes much faster, however, so it may still be useful, particularly in the case where the clusters are differentiated based primarily on vertical magnitude of the functions.
The authors wish to thank colleagues at the Bureau of Labor Statistics who supported this project and provided the data for this project. We thank the following important contributors: Sean B.
Wilson, Senior Economist, who formulated the project and provided feedback from the states on our results; Garrett T. Schmitt, Senior Economist, who helped us think through alternative approaches; Bradley A. Jensen, Senior Economist, who provided us multiple data slices that allowed us to perform our estimation.
We first outline our sequential scan in the case where we marginalize out the latent functions and conclude this section by highlighting changes required in the case we co-sample them. The mixtures of GPs model specification are highly non-conjugate. We carefully configure blocks of parameters to permit application of posterior sampling approaches designed to produce robust chain mixing under non-conjugate specifications. This posterior representation is a relatively straightforward Gaussian kernel of a non-conjugate probability model. If our lower dimensional approximations are relatively good, this approach will speed chain convergence by producing draws of lower autocorrelation since each proposal includes a sequence of moves generated in the temporary space.
Since the moves in the temporary space are executed with fast approximations, Wang and Neal show that this algorithm has the potential to substantially reduce computation time, as compared to the usual Metropolis-Hastings algorithm, for drawing an equivalent effective sample size. The probability of move formulation evaluates the proposals on the full space of size T , however, so that the resulting sampled draws are from the exact posterior distribution, rather than from a sparse approximation.
Unlike the mixtures of GPs, we specify this model in a conjugate formulation that allows for fast sampling. Relatively high and low values provide indication of higher concentration of the posterior distribution over the space of partitions. We observe relatively high and low values bounded away from 0. Table 2. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide.
Sign In or Create an Account. Sign In. Advanced Search. Article Navigation. Close mobile search navigation Article Navigation. | https://arlewhizmintna.cf/mixtures-estimation-and-applications.php |
This flight has an on-time performance of 85%. Statistically, when taking into consideration sample size, standard deviation, and mean, this flight is on-time more often than 84% of other flights.
This flight has an average delay of 28 minutes with a standard deviation of 55.5 minutes. Statistically, when taking into consideration sample size, standard deviation, and mean, this flight has delay performance characteristics better than 54% of other flights. | https://www.flightstats.com/v2/flight-ontime-performance-rating/UA/1476 |
Characteristics and classes of Arthropods By Michael Dewar
Class Arachnida Spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks belong to this class. Spiders have 2 body regions, 6 pairs of jointed appendages, no mandibles for chewing 1st pair of appendages are chelicerae, 2nd pair are pedipalps. Make webs from spinnerects,
Class Crustacea Aquatic, exchange gas a water flows over feathery gills. 2 pairs of antennae, have mandibles for chewing. Have two compound eyes, jaws open and close from side to side, 5 pairs of walking legs used for walking, seizing prey, cleaning other appendages. Crabs, lobsters, shrimps, crayfishes, barnacles, water fleas, and pill bugs are in this class. Some crustaceans have 3 body sections others only have two. Sow bugs and pill bugs are the only land crustaceans, must live where there is moisture which aids in gas exchange
Class Chilopoda Centipedes are the only animals in this class. Flattened bodies, many jointed legs. Carnivorous eaters, and eat soil arthropods; snails, slugs, and worms.
Class Diplopoda Millipedes are the only animals in this class. Millipedes eat mostly plants and dead material on damp forest floors. Millipedes do not bite, but they can spray obnoxious-smelling fluids from their defensive stink glands. Have cylinder shape bodies.
Class Mermosota • Horseshoe Crabs belong to this class • Considered to be living fossils • Similar to trilobites b/c they are heavily protected by an extensive exoskeleton • Forage on sandy or muddy ocean bottoms for seaweed , worms, and mollusks • Migrate to shallow water during matting season • Females lay eggs on land, buried in sand above the high water mark • Newly hatched eggs look like trilobites.
Class Insecta/ Insect Reproduction • Mate once or mostly a few times during their lifetimes . • Eggs fertilized internally, in some species form shells around them. • Lay a large number of eggs. • Many females insects are equipped with an appendage that are modified for piercing the surface of the ground or into wood. | https://www.slideserve.com/bernad/class-mermosota |
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Course - Clay Portratire with Duncan Robertson
15 October 2019 until 3 December 2019
Edinburgh Sculpture Workshop
Learn to model a clay head from life, develop observational skills and clay modelling techniques on this popular, absorbing course. Using air drying clay you will learn about anatomy, form and texture, and develop an understanding of portraiture through sculptural expression. This course is ideal for people looking to develop their artistic skills with a structured programme and clear course focus and defined output. It is perfect for beginners or those with some experience who wish to further develop their observational skills.
Duncan Robertson graduated from Edinburgh College of Art and was awarded the King Edward VII Scholarship to study in Munich. He was a recent recipient of the Bothy Residency in 2019.
Duncan has over 20 years teaching experience and is a freelance gallery educator at the Scottish National Galleries and a long term tutor for ESW’s learning programme.
Course runs: | https://sca-net.org/events/view/course-clay-portratire-with-duncan-robertson |
Knud Ejler Løgstrup (1905-1981) was a Danish theologian who was professor of ethics and philosophy of religion at the University of Aarhus from 1943 until his retirement in 1975. Although his ethical ideas are firmly rooted in Protestant, primarily Lutheran, theology, Løgstrup’s thinking was also shaped by substantial philosophical training, most especially in the phenomenological tradition deriving from Husserl. Løgstrup’s major work, Den Etiske Fordring (1956), was published in English as The Ethical Demand in 1997 by the University of Notre Dame Press, with an introduction by Alasdair MacIntyre and Hans Fink. Beyond the Ethical Demand is a compilation of selections from Løgstrup’s later work in which he develops and to some extent revises his earlier views in important ways. Concern for the Other is an anthology of critical essays on Løgstrup by philosophers and theologians.
The University of Notre Dame Press is to be congratulated for publishing both the two books here reviewed as well as The Ethical Demand. Although the latter received some notice in English-speaking philosophical journals — it was reviewed in both Ethics and The Journal of Value Inquiry — Løgstrup’s work remains mostly unknown among Anglophone moral philosophers. It is, however, filled with significant moral psychological and ethical insights. Løgstrup is especially incisive in noting and analyzing matters of moral phenomenology, and the overall thrust of his view has great interest as well. Moreover, as the most recent volumes make clear, Løgstrup was himself engaged with mid-twentieth-century British moral philosophers like Nowell-Smith and Hare. Twenty-first-century Anglophone ethical philosophy would engage him to its profit.
I will begin by summarizing Løgstrup’s views in The Ethical Demand before proceeding to the two books published in 2007. By “the ethical demand,” Løgstrup meant a “radical” and “absolute,” but also “unfulfillable,” demand to respond to all persons with benevolent concern for their sake. I’ll come to what Løgstrup takes to be the source of this demand presently. The moral phenomenological “fact” from which he begins, however, is a natural vulnerability and susceptibility to one another that we experience in living together. The natural condition of human beings is a kind of trust. The point is not just that we perforce trust one another not to harm and to assist us, as, for example, on the highway. It is that our default attitudes toward one another make us mutually vulnerable, psychically. Our situation is one of interdependence: first, and most obviously, because we all need and cannot live without one another; but second, and more importantly, because we inhabit an intersubjective attitudinal and emotional world. Until we defend ourselves in one way or another, we naturally “lay ourselves open” and “lie in the power of [each] other’s words and deeds.” It is only because they begin from a default position of trust that children can learn language or, indeed, anything at all. And adult practices, cultures, and societies depend on natural trust also.
Owing to our basic mutual vulnerability, we experience failures to respond as a kind of rejection. And since being “delivered over to another person means that our mutual relationships are always relationships of power,” issues of respect are inevitably involved as well.
Løgstrup’s picture here shares much with writers, like Carol Gilligan and Nel Noddings, who began to speak of an “ethics of care” in the 1980s. Like Gilligan, who sometimes talks also about an “ethics of responsibility,” Løgstrup’s idea is that ethical questions invariably arise within webs of relationship in which actions are responses to others who, in one way or another, have put themselves “in our hands.” Ethical action is always therefore an expression of care: its object is whatever will benefit the other and its motivation is a concern for the other for his sake. In this sense, we all have a fundamental responsibility of care for one another.
But what does any of this have to do with demands? Ethics of care are usually put forward in opposition to ethics of duties and demands. Løgstrup himself took steps in this direction in later writings that are collected in Beyond the Ethical Demand, as I shall describe presently. But first, I want to bring out what lies behind his idea of a fundamental “ethical demand” in his earlier work. Importantly, as I have argued in The Second-Person Standpoint, Løgstrup’s idea is not that our fundamental interdependence involves a basic authority to make claims and demands of one another, despite the fact that he recognizes that “in the very act of addressing another person, we make a certain demand of him.”
What Løgstrup calls "the radical [and “one-sided”] character of the demand" is that “the other person has no right him or herself to make the demand,” nor do we have any standing to make claims of others. Moreover, what is demanded of us is that we act toward others in ways that will actually benefit them most, not that we defer to what they want and their sovereignty over their own lives. Løgstrup does warn eloquently against paternalistic “encroachment,” but only on the basis that this is often worse for the putative beneficiary, not that it violates anything she might legitimately claim or demand. Løgstrup of course recognizes legal rights of autonomy, but he evidently regards these as conventional and having no inherent moral basis. We have no fundamental sovereignty over our own lives.
The sovereignty lying behind The Ethical Demand is uniquely God’s. What makes caring unreservedly and unconditionally a demand is that it is God’s implicit demand of us in having created and given us life as a gift. No created beings have any ground for any legitimate claim, since everything we have we have been given by God. What is demanded of us is simply that we receive this gift in the same loving spirit in which it was given to us. Løgstrup’s early view is thus a somewhat uneasy amalgam of an ethics of duty and an ethics of love or care. For Løgstrup, God’s creative act is apparently a free gift of love that nonetheless somehow simultaneously involves a demand without which there would be no moral obligations at all. Of course, one may reasonably wonder how God’s demands can obligate us without some freestanding obligation of gratitude in the background or without his having authority on some basis other than his own demands.
Already in The Ethical Demand, Løgstrup expresses a kind of particularism. The demand, he says, “provides no explicit directive” or “theory,” but “forces us to start afresh in each new situation.” In “The Sovereign Expressions of Life” (included in Beyond the Ethical Demand) and in his doctrine there of “morality as a substitute,” Løgstrup goes significantly further in a direction that seems quite opposed to any ethic of duty. Whereas in the earlier work natural motives of trust and openness form the basic background that gives the ethical demand its function and content, in Løgstrup’s later writings these become sources of ethical reasons themselves that make moral demands, at best, a poor substitute and, at worst, something that can suffocate and kill the ethical life.
Løgstrup is a deep thinker with a gift for pithy formulation, so whenever he adopts a phrase, it is worth pausing to consider exactly what it is supposed to mean. All three of the nouns in “sovereign expressions of life” are significant. As I mentioned earlier, Løgstrup was already suspicious of in The Ethical Demand of the idea of any basic personal sovereignty, which, he says there, would leave us in fundamentally different “worlds.” We become part of one another’s worlds only when we care unreservedly and thereby make each other’s good part of our own. Somewhat like Marx in “On the Jewish Question,” Løgstrup takes the view that recognizing fundamental rights of autonomy alienates us from one another. In “The Sovereign Expressions of Life,” however, Løgstrup makes an even more radical departure, since his idea there is that being properly connected to one another does not involve recognizing anyone’s authority, not even God’s. Life itself is sovereign, and it expresses its sovereignty, not in any legitimate demand but in the very same creative loving promptings that lie behind God’s creative act. We live ethically, then, when we “immediately” and “spontaneously” express interconnecting life in us. Since human life invariably takes place within an interpersonal space of assumed “sincerity” and trust, we do not merely manifest these motives; we express them to one another and thereby create a shared “world” of significance and value together.
Løgstrup’s writings are filled with apt illustrative examples. He describes, for instance, a woman who is faced with two “secret police” seeking information about her husband, one evidently brutal, the other with an insinuating charm. Although the woman is aware that both will do anything they can to elicit information from her, she nonetheless “needs constantly to rein in an inclination to talk to the [second] man as to another human being … unremittingly, she must keep a cool head.” “What manifests itself in that inclination?” Løgstrup asks. “Nothing other than the elemental and definitive peculiarity attaching to all speech qua spontaneous expression of life: its openness.” Speaking openly is “not something the individual does with speech; it is there beforehand” as an “expression of life.” “Even in a situation where hoodwinking the other is a matter of life and death … it makes itself felt.”
Løgstrup’s main opponents in his later writings are Kierkegaard and Kant — Kierkegaard, because he holds that the religious life involves a turning away from the “immediacy” of human connection, and Kant, because of his doctrine that actions only have moral worth when motivated by duty. For the later Løgstrup, morality as demand is but a second-best backup or “substitute” for the “sovereign expressions of life” that connect us without mediation. In 1968 and 1972, Løgstrup is sounding themes that will be echoed later in Bernard Williams on the corrupting role of reflection and in more recent philosophers, like Nomy Arpaly, writing on “inverse akrasia.” For example, Løgstrup describes a scene in Conrad’s The Nigger of Narcissus in which it “suddenly dawns on the crew” that a despised West Indian, Jimmy Waits, is trapped and quite possibly dead when a hurricane causes the ship to list dangerously and water to flood into the cabin where he has been kept. Despite great risk to themselves, the crew’s natural humanity leads them immediately to rescue Waits with “no slippage between their thought and action.” “When,” however, “the work allows them the breathing space for moral reflection,” their attitude towards the man they have saved becomes “one of hatred towards the miserable, self-pitying malingerer.”
Concern for the Other consists of a number of interesting essays on different aspects of Løgstrup’s ideas. Among the issues discussed is whether the idea of life as a “gift,” or even, in Løgstrup’s later sense, life’s givenness, require controversial, and perhaps implausible, theological or metaphysical premises. It seems obviously insufficient for Løgstrup’s purposes to take our basic psychic vulnerability and openness as simply an empirical given. At the least, it must be seen as having some intrinsic normative relevance. And even if, as Hans Finks suggests, having an “attitude to life … of gratitude” is “appropriate,” there is still the substantial question of whether that can be fully intelligible without, as Alasdair MacIntyre suspects, Løgstrup’s original theological premise.
Many of the essays helpfully discuss Løgstrup in relation to other thinkers. Svend Andersen contrasts Løgstrup with Scheler’s “ideal consequentialism” and usefully places Løgstrup’s ideas in relation to a phenomenological tradition that includes Heidegger, Hans Lipps, and Emmanuel Lévinas. Especially interesting here is the way in which Andersen locates Løgstrup in relation to Lipps on “the look” and Lévinas on “the face.” Kees van Kooten Niekerk discusses Løgstrup’s later idea of “morality as a substitute,” and argues that it has roots in an earlier Lebensphilosophie, represented by Nietzsche, Dilthey, and Bergson, as well as lesser-known Danish theologians and religious historians, like Eduard Geismar and Vilhelm Grønbech. Niekerk also has interesting things to say about the opposition between Løgstrup and Kierkegaard. Brenda Almond draws the connection between Løgstrup and Gilligan and the “ethics of care,” but also discusses Løgstrup’s engagement with British philosophers of the period, like R. M. Hare.
Alasdair MacIntyre, to whom we are indebted for helping to introduce English-speaking readers to Løgstrup in the first place, comments on Løgstrup’s views mainly from a Thomist and Aristotelian perspective. He notes that Aristotle’s doctrine of “natural friendship that all human beings have for one another” gives him a kind of a doctrine of natural trust: “This is evident when a human being loses his or her way; for everyone stops even an unknown stranger from taking the wrong road.” But MacIntyre emphasizes that although trust may be a natural default, especially for children, mature trust must be able to survive rational criticism.
Finally, I would like to note a critical point that Niekerk makes as a way of introducing one of my own. Although in his later writings, Løgstrup came to see actions motivated by a sense of moral duty as invariably self-serving — what Niekerk calls a “‘sinful’ rapture at one’s own righteousness” — Niekerk correctly asks, “Is it not possible to do something just because we consider it morally right, without thinking of, or aiming at, our own goodness?” A natural Løgstrupian reply would be to agree with Bernard Williams that even so, a thought of moral duty would still be “one thought too many.” If we are to relate to one another in an unalienated fashion, it would seem that we have to be able to act for others for their sake, and not (just anyway) for the sake of moral duty.
There are, however, different ways in which we can act for one another’s sake, and acting out of care or benevolent concern for them is just one. If you want or ask me to do something, and I do it for that reason, then there is a sense in which I am acting for your sake even if I judge my action to be something that does not benefit or even that harms you, like lighting your cigarette. In deferring to your wishes, I grant you a kind of respect, I recognize your authority to lead your own life and regulate my relation to you by that. Making claims and demands against one another can of course alienate us, but it need not. Indeed, seeing one another as “self-originating sources of valid claims,” as Rawls put it, seems an essential aspect of mature human relationships. Reciprocity, in the sense of mutual accountability, need not involve a strategic quid pro quo as Løgstrup sometimes seems to suggest. Although it is fundamentally reciprocal or symmetrical, recognition of, or respect for, one another as equals need be no less unconditional.
In my view, Løgstrup was right to give up the idea of morality as divine demand, but not right to regard morality, including the idea that we are accountable to one another as equal persons, as but a poor substitute for fully engaged living, or to relegate it to convention. To bring ethics properly “down to earth,” we must see its fundamental authority not as deriving from God or as grounded somehow as a practical “given” in life, but as based on an authority that all persons share and that, I would argue, we are committed to presupposing through encounters with one another. | https://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/beyond-the-ethical-demand-book-1-and-concern-for-the-other-perspectives-on-the-ethics-of-k-e-l-248-gstrup-book-2/ |
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI or MI), more commonly known as a heart attack, is a medical condition that occurs when the blood supply to a part of the heart is interrupted, most commonly due to rupture of a vulnerable plaque.
The resulting ischemia or oxygen shortage causes damage and potential death of heart tissue.
The term myocardial infarction is derived from myocardium (the heart muscle) and infarction (tissue death due to oxygen starvation). The phrase "heart attack" is sometimes used incorrectly to describe sudden cardiac death, which may or may not be the result of acute myocardial infarction.
Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) Silent Killer
Approximately one fourth of all myocardial infarctions are silent, without chest pain or other symptoms.
Heart Attack vs. Cardiac Arrest
A heart attack is different from, but can be the cause of cardiac arrest, which is the stopping of the heartbeat, and cardiac arrhythmia, an abnormal heartbeat. It is also distinct from heart failure, in which the pumping action of the heart is impaired; severe myocardial infarction may lead to heart failure, but not necessarily.
Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) Symptoms
Classical symptoms of acute myocardial infarction include:
Women often experience different symptoms from men. The most common symptoms of MI in women include:
Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) Risk Factors and Statistics
An Acute Myocardial Infarction is a medical emergency, and the leading cause of death for both men and wo... | http://local.musclemagfitness.com/Acute_Myocardial_Infarction_AMI_Arnold_MO-p1730591-Arnold_MO.html |
The below list contains a key deliverables throughout the User Experience process.
|Stage 1|
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Review Business (Stakeholder) Requirements
A stakeholder meeting is a strategic way to do all of the following from a business perspective:
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Target Audience Document
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Create Wireframes
A wireframe is a skeletal (black and white) rendering of every click-through possibility on your site - a text-only "action," "decision" or "experience" model. Its purpose is to maintain the flow of your specific logical and business functions by identifying all the entry and exit points your users will experience on every page of your site. The goal is to ensure your needs and the needs of your visitors will be met effectively in the resulting application.
Process:
|Stage 2|
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Visual Design
The overall visual and aesthetic design of the user interface. This is created after the wireframes have been completed and after the creative brief has been reviewed.
Process:
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HTML Prototyping
|Stage 3|
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Continue to Review Requirements
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Create Wireframes
Create wireframes for all of the other sections of the application.
Process:
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Style Guide
This will be an on-line catalog which defines a set of standards for identity, design, and writing to promote clarity and consistency for all applications. This will increase the consistency between screens, reduce the development time, and enhance usability. | http://www.bestung.com/work/chubb/UserExperience/deliverables/index.html |
What are sunsets on Mars like?
Matt - They do, yes. Sunsets are obviously caused by our Earth is rotating and so, just from our point of view, when our planet swings round we can see the sun again; that’s the sunrise. And Mars is a rotating planet just like Earth so there are sunrises and sunsets on Mars. There a bit strange though because the martian atmosphere is quite different to Earth’s atmosphere. Sunsets on Mars are actually blue rather than the kind of reddy orangey sunsets that we’re used to here on Earth.
Chris - Really! Blue, why are they blue?
Matt - It’s about the composition of the atmosphere. Earth’s atmosphere is gassy and fairly dense, and so when the sunlight passes through Earth’s atmosphere the light is getting scattered by very very small particles. The kind of molecules of nitrogen and oxygen in the air. Mars’s atmosphere is very thin and very dusty, so the scattering is getting done by dust particles instead and they’re much bigger, and so there’s a whole different mechanism that does the scattering. So, in fact, the way dust particles scatter light is that blue light, the short wavelength light, gets scattered forward towards the observer so if you’re watching the sunset on Mars it looks blue.
Chris - Because on Earth, the tiny particles scatter the blue light so your brain is seeing blue coming from all across the sky, so our brain tells us the sky is blue, and the Sun looks a little bit yellower as a consequence. But when the Sun gets down to the horizon on Earth, it does look red presumably because it’s had lots and lots of blue light taken out? So therefore, on Mars, if you’ve got lots and lots of the blue light actually coming straight to you but the red light’s coming out because the big dust is scattering the red it’s going to look bluer, the more atmosphere the light comes through, which is why you’re saying it does look bluer towards the end of the day?
Chris - Presumably, as it gets towards the horizon, that effect is going to become more and more acute because the path of the light is greater through more of the atmosphere so you’re going to see more of that blue effect?
Matt - Exactly. The Sun in the martian sky looks fairly like the Sun in the Earth’s sky, apart from a bit smaller, but as it gets lower and lower towards the horizon it looks more and more blue.
Kate - Is there a green flash that happens on Mars’ sunset or something with a different wavelength when the last little bit of the ellipse of the Sun passes below the horizon just at that very last moment?
Chris - Have you seen it? Is it real because people refer to it but I’ve never seen it?
Kate - It’s highly debated. I’ve done a lot of research sitting on a beach at sunset, usually with a beer.
Chris - With a tequila or something?
Kate - What we specifically watch it for is the green flash. And the theory behind it seems plausible as far as scatter and everything.
Chris- So, green flash, yes or no on Mars?
Matt - The green flash is absolutely real. I’ve never seen it myself so just in the same way that you’ve been looking for it. I think it’s a bit of a tradition amongst astronomers if you’re observing at an observatory or something to go out at sunset and try and see a green flash. I’ve never been able to see one, but as far as I know there should be a green flash on Mars.
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How long are the seasons on Mars?
Recent podcast talked about sunset on mars. Here’s sunrise from orbit. Note light in cupola is red due to oblique filtering of sunlight. A deep blue thin line at the horizon is our familiar blue sky. This phenomenon last Only a few seconds. Sunrise is only tel seconds long on the ISS. Photo by NASA astronaut Donald Pettit. | https://www.thenakedscientists.com/articles/questions/what-are-sunsets-mars |
Coral reefs are complex ecosystems and have very high diversity found in shallow marine waters in the tropics. They are composed of biological activity that is deposit CaCO3 which is produced by the Phylum Cnidaria, Class Anthozoa, and the Order Scleractinia. The presence of coral reefs affected by environmental stresses such as natural disasters, sedimentation from the watershed, collection of coral reefs, reef fish bombing, and the activities of the fishermen who moor their boats on the coral reefs.
The tsunami that struck Aceh-Indonesia in 2004 has caused most damage to coral reefs. Conservation is a way to prevent more severe damage to coral reefs. Mouring bouy installation is one method to conserve coral reefs, in an effort to prevent damage to coral reefs from fishermen activity. A total of 42 pieces of concrete have been successfully made by our team in Weh Island- Aceh Indonesia. | https://contest.techbriefs.com/2013/entries/sustainable-technologies/3372 |
The Climate Impact Lab is a collaboration of more than 20 climate scientists, economists, computational experts, researchers, analysts, and students from several institutions, including the Global Policy Lab at University of California at Berkeley, the Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago (EPIC), Rhodium Group and Rutgers University.
To project the future costs of climate change, the Climate Impact Lab looks first to historical, real-world experience. The Lab’s researchers combine historical socioeconomic and climate data, allowing the team to discover how a changing climate has impacted humanity—from the ways in which extended droughts have affected agricultural productivity in California to the ways in which heat waves have impacted mortality in India and labor productivity in China. Understanding these relationships allows the Lab to produce evidence-based insights about the real-world impacts of future climate change using projections of temperature, precipitation, humidity and sea-level changes around the world at a subnational scale—from U.S. counties to Chinese provinces.
Combining local climate projections with historical observations yields a highly localized picture of future climate impacts. Cutting-edge research has identified ways in which changes to climatic conditions–such as abnormally warm summers– reduce economic activity, damage food production systems, increase social conflict, and generate migrants. The Lab employs detailed, risk-based, probabilistic, local climate projections to analyze how these impacts may evolve in the years ahead as a result of a changing climate. The analysis seeks to capture the economic risks of low-probability, high-impact climate events as well as those futures most likely to occur. These impacts will also be monetized and aggregated to produce the world’s first empirically-derived estimate of the social cost of carbon—the cost to society done by each ton of carbon dioxide we emit—which will be designed to be fed directly into energy and climate policies around the world.
Solomon Hsiang describes the state of research and the path forward for climate damage estimates to inform the calculation of the social cost of carbon in US regulations. Hsiang was testified alongside other experts at the National Academy of Sciences. | http://www.globalpolicy.science/climate-impact-lab/ |
There's some good discussion in the comments section over at Robin Harris' StorageMojo blog for hispost [Building a 1.8 Exabyte Data Center].To summarize, a student is working on a research archive and asked Robin Harris for his opinion. The archive will consist of 20-40 million files averaging 90 GB in size each, for a total of 1800 PB or 1.8 EB. By comparison, anIBM DS8300 with five frames tops out at 512TB, so it would take nearly 3600 of these to hold 1.8 EB. While this might seem like a ridiculous amount of data, I think the discussion is valid as our world is certainly headed in that direction.
IBM works with a lot of research firms, and the solution is to put most of this data on tape, with just enough disk for specific analysis. Robin mentions a configurion with Sun Fire 4540 disk systems (aka Thumper). Despite Sun Microsystems' recent [$1.7 Billion dollar quarterly loss], I think even the experts at Sun would recommend a blended disk-and-tape solution for this situation.
Take for example IBM's Scale Out File Services [SoFS] which today handles 2-3 billion files in a single global file system, so 20-40 million would present no problem. SoFS supports a mix of disk and tape, with built-in movement, so that files that were referenced would automatically be moved to disk when needed, and moved back to tape when no longer required, based on policies set by the administrator. Depending on the analysis, you may only need 1 PB or less of disk to perform the work, which can easily be accomplished with a handful of disk systems, such as IBM DS8300 or IBM XIV, for example.
The rest would be on tape. Let's consider using the IBM TS3500 with [S24 High Density] frames. A singleTS3500 tape library with fifteen of these HD frames could hold 45PB of data, assuming 3:1 compression on 1TB-size 3592 cartridges. You wouldneed 40 (forty) of these libraries to get to the full 1800 PB required, and these could hold even more as higher capacity cartridges are developed. IBM has customers with over 40 tape libraries today (not all with these HD frames, of course), but the dimensions and scale that IBM is capable lies within this scope.
(For LTO fans, fifteen S54 frames would hold 32PB of data, assuming 2:1 compression on 800GB-size LTO-4 cartridges.so you would need 57 libraries instead of 40 in the above example.)
This blended disk-and-tape approach would drastically reduce the floorspace and electricity requirements when compared against all-disk configurations discussed in the post.
People are rediscovering tape in a whole new light. ComputerWorld recently came out with an 11-page Technology Brief titled [The Business Value of Tape Storage],sponsored by Dell. (Note: While Dell is a competitor to IBM for some aspects of their business, they OEM their tape storage systems from IBM, so in that respect, I can refer to them as a technology partner.) Here are some excerpts from the ComputerWorld brief:
For IT managers, the question isnot whether to use tape, but whereand how to best use tape as part of acomprehensive, tiered storage architecture.In the modern storage architecture,tape plays a role not onlyin data backup, but also in long-termarchiving and compliance.
So, whether you are planning for an Exabyte-scale data center, or merely questioning the logic of a disk-for-everything storage approach, you might want to consider tape. It's "green" for the environment, and less expensive on your budget. | https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/community/blogs/InsideSystemStorage/entry/exabyte_data_center_for_archive?lang=en |
Currently in the fourth year of the Studio Art program at UofG, Shay Donovan is an interdisciplinary artist focusing on weaving occult symbolism into representative artwork through painting, textile work and photography. Shay wants to create an accessible library of symbols found in the subconscious that any viewer can find and lose themselves in.
More work can be found at shaydonovan.com or @shay_dono on Instagram. | https://zavitz.sofamstudio.ca/shay-donovan/ |
Sharing knowledge and developing local capacities are fundamental steps towards sustainable development, requiring complex, robust and sustained learning and networking processes. In South Asia, the Agricultural Extension in South Asia (AESA) engages in fostering local ownership through a series of activities across the region, including extension and advisory services as well as sharing good practices in agriculture.
In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, AESA is strengthening its online activity in order to promote knowledge management about the crisis and its knock-on effects for farmers across South Asia. The network has started a new section in its webpage on COVID-19 and EAS aiming to:
So far AESA has published specific experiences (in the form of Blogs and Field Notes) from India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka on how Extension and Advisory Services (EAS) are supporting farmers to deal with various challenges arising from COVID-19 spread and the subsequent lockdown imposed to address this.
The AESA network invites practitioners to access its COVID-19 and EAS webpage section at: https://www.aesanetwork.org/news/covid-19-eas/. Visitors are encouraged to share their experiences on how their organisations are supporting farmers to deal with the impact of COVID-19.
More than increasing the visibility of their own efforts, contributors will be assisting others’ learning and inspiring improvements in sustainable farming practices. | https://www.farm-d.org/action/covid-19-and-extension-advisory-services-eas-fostering-agricultural-good-practices-over-coronavirus-crisis/ |
14 May What will demand for ESG investing look like in a post COVID-19 world?
Before COVID-19, the demand for ESG investing was on the rise; a trend that we expect to accelerate as the economy begins to recover. The market downturn caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated what many sustainably-minded financial planners have been asserting for a while; the resilience of portfolios that take ESG factors into account.
The reason for this is that investing through an ESG lens scrutinizes the environmental, social and governance criteria of companies, enabling investors to make informed decisions about a company’s durability and their preparedness to withstand certain crises. For instance, companies strong in ‘social’ criteria are better placed to withstand a pandemic. In particular, companies that already had established flexible and remote working practices have weathered this sudden transition to closed borders, cities and businesses, better. Similarly, companies strong in the ‘environment’ criteria are more resilient to oil price fluctuations and a transition to clean energy, due to little to no exposure to the fossil fuel value chain. It’s the result of this scrutiny that explains why ESG portfolios have outshone traditional portfolios during the market downturn, and will drive demand for ESG investing in a post COVID-19 world.
In the past sustainable investing has been plagued with claims that adhering to its principles would mean sacrificing some financial return. However, this view is outdated. A number of studies (including our own divestment report), reveal that there is a positive correlation between high ESG scoring and superior financial performance.
We anticipate that demand for ESG investing will accelerate rapidly as the economy begins to rebuild. Corporate leaders will be held more accountable by shareholders for ESG performance than ever before, and, having endured COVID-19, individuals and organizations alike will understand the importance of preparing for and preventing other global crises, such as the climate crisis. | https://genuscap.com/what-will-demand-for-esg-investing-look-like-in-a-post-covid-19-world/ |
Adolescence refers to the teenage years found between 13 and 19 and is normally considered the transitional stage to adulthood from childhood. However, the psychological and physical changes that occur in them can start earlier, at the ages of 9 to 12, these are the preteen years. This stage, adolescent, can be a time of both discovery and disorientation. It is a transitional period that can bring up self identity and independence issues. External appearance and peer groups tend to play a big role in decision making.
Many adolescents today appear to have problems and get into trouble most of the time. Teenagers and their parents are always struggling between the adolescent wanting independence while at the same time still needing parental guidance. At times all these misunderstandings and conflicts result into behavior problems. The adolescent develops problems such as poor school performance, substance use, or aggressiveness. Often, these problems appear to be detrimental because most of the teenagers are simply unable to comprehend and fully understand the danger involved whenever faced with these problems. Therefore, from a social cognitive psychologist point of view, it is evident that these problems have explanations.
One of the major explanations to these problems is puberty. It brings about both mental and physical significant changes to a teenager. Notably, adolescents’ physique includes change in bodily figure and growth of pubic hair, whereas the mental changes involve increased awareness of the opposite gender and becoming more self conscious. Excessive sebum levels of sebum lead to the development of acne. Acne is scarring and often has a strong psychological effect on adolescents such as low self esteem, in some cases; adolescents face depression and even suicide due to these effects.
Besides puberty, adolescent problems can also be caused by the influence of peer pressure. Adolescents experience extremely social lives during this stage, where they meet many people of different kinds or personalities and befriend them. Mostly, friends are often providing help, moral support and generally beneficial. When the problem of peer pressure starts to kick in, the teenagers are forced to fit in whether willingly or unwillingly, this often gives in to their influence. This leads to involvement in negative activities.
Family status is another common explanation to adolescent problems. The two kinds of families associated with this fact are “dysfunctional” families and families in a state of poverty that poses little or no income and struggle in obtaining basic needs. Adolescents from these families are forced to engage in negative activities such as prostitution, robbery, murder and burglary in order to support their families. “Dysfunctional” families, on the other hand, are families that experience misbehavior, conflicts and often abuse its individual members regularly and continually. This lack of understanding and empathy impacts the personality and behavior of adolescents in a negative way. They develop mixed feelings of hate and anger with the temptation of running away hard to resist.
Furthermore, adolescents from these families exhibit a lack of self discipline that leads to their engagement in negative activities that result in poor performance. The adolescents also suffer from poor self image, paranoia, suicidal thoughts and low self esteem. Conclusively, adolescents should be more conscious and aware of the challenges they face, they must taught on the consequences of each action. Hopefully by doing this, adolescents will not have to see their lives thrown away, not to mention squandering of their chances of a bright future.
REFERENCE
Eau Claire. Problems: Helping Parents Manage Teenager Behavior.
James Alexander, Ph.D. 1999. Adolescent Behavior Problems.
Mani, Joseph Muya. How to deal with problems affecting adolescents. | https://www.wowessays.com/free-samples/example-of-adolescent-psychology-essay/ |
Peter Raymond, Professor of Ecosystem Ecology at the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies (F&ES), has been awarded a $1 million dollar Carbon Cycle Science grant from NASA to study the exchange of greenhouse gases between inland water bodies and the atmosphere, which has implications for global climate change. Raymond, who was recently elected to the Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering, is an expert on nutrient cycling in aquatic ecosystems.
A big part of this project, he says, is simply quantifying the amount of inland water surface worldwide. “It’s one of those things you’d think we would have a fairly accurate accounting of by now,” Raymond said.
But scientists have only recently had the technology to identify the world’s inland water bodies, thanks largely to improvements in remote sensing developed by NASA’s Earth science research program, he said.
In recent years, remote sensing has become an invaluable tool for observing the Earth, from measuring sea ice in the Arctic to helping scientists monitor Dall sheep habitat in Alaska’s Wrangell-St. Elias National Park. But remote sensing can present particular challenges for ecosystem scientists. Satellites can only see certain-sized water bodies, making them difficult to find. Moreover, because NASA satellites are global in extent, their measurements need to be calibrated and validated in a consistent manner across large areas. “This project addresses an important issue involving the standardization of measurements for inland waters,” Margolis said.
Raymond’s previous research suggests that evasion, the release of carbon dioxide from inland water bodies to the atmosphere, plays a significant role in the global carbon cycle. He authored the inland water components of the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report, which included freshwater outgassing. Despite these advances, he insists this is still a budding area for researchers.
“There’s a lot of uncertainty that leveraging these products coming out of NASA can help reduce,” he said, “and a need for more measurements with colleagues in the field.” For example, scientists are uncertain as to which sized water bodies are most important, and how much of a role humans play in altering the evasion of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, he says.
”A big breakthrough will come when we have direct measurements,” he said.
NASA has long engaged in Earth observation. Its Earth Science Division (ESD) sits within its Science Mission Directorate alongside the Planetary Sciences, Heliophysics, and Astrophysics Divisions. ESD currently accounts for approximately 10 percent of NASA’s total budget.It develops coordinated satellite and airborne missions for long-term global observations of the land surface, biosphere, solid Earth, atmosphere, and oceans. One of its main objectives is to detect and predict changes in Earth’s ecosystems and nutrient cycles, including the global carbon cycle.
NASA’s satellite missions are developed in consultation with scientists in other government agencies and at universities across the country. In addition, NASA’s Earth Ventures program solicits new PI-led missions, and every 10 years the National Academy of Sciences conducts a Decadal Survey to identify Earth science needs from the academic sector; its most recent survey will be released later this year. There is also a process for coordinating satellite missions internationally among the major space agencies. Other federal agencies such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) work with NASA to operate the satellites once they are in orbit.
Throughout the three-year project, Raymond and co-investigator David Butman ’06 M.E.Sc., ’12 Ph.D., an assistant professor at the University of Washington, will conduct community building with other researchers in Africa, Southeast Asia, and South America, regions where there is a lack of data on inland water bodies.
Raymond’s project was supported as part of an inter-agency research solicitation on carbon cycle science involving NASA, NOAA, the U.S. Department of Energy, and U.S. Department of Agriculture. | http://environment.research.yale.edu/news/article/pete-raymond-awarded-nasa-carbon-cycle-science-grant/ |
Manuel Peitsch, co-founder of the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, will chair a session on high-performance computing (HPC) in the life sciences at ISC'14in Leipzig, Germany, in June. Peitsch is also a professor of bioinformatics at the University of Basel in Switzerland and is vice president of biological systems research at Philip Morris International. In addition, Peitsch has previously worked at Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, and the Geneva Institute for Biomedical Research.
What, in your opinion, are the most exciting advancements being made in the life sciences today thanks to HPC?
HPC has contributed to spectacular advancements in the life sciences on four levels. First, HPC is playing a crucial role in making sense of the massive amounts of data generated by modern 'omics' and genome sequencing technologies. Second, HPC is key to modeling increasingly large biomolecular systems using approaches such as quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics (see, for instance, the 2013 Noble Prize in Chemistry) to advance our understanding of biomolecular reactions and aid the discovery of new therapeutic molecules. Third, HPC is essential to modeling biological networks and simulating how network perturbations lead to adverse outcomes and disease. Finally, the simulation of organ function, such as the heart or the brain, not only depends on HPC, but also drives its development.
The use of HPC for research in the life sciences is often perceived to be less advanced than within the physical sciences: do you think this notion is justified? What can be done about it?
There is certainly truth in this perception. Historically, the physical sciences have embraced computational approaches much earlier. The reasons for this are both scientific and cultural.
Describing biological processes with mathematical equations is a tall order, because one first needs to 'reverse engineer' these processes experimentally using very sensitive and quantitative measurement methods. Indeed, the human genome was sequenced little more than a decade ago, but we are still very far from understanding how this code leads to a living organism of such complexity. I have great hope that systems biology, an approach which integrates the most advanced experimental methods with computational approaches, will allow us to elucidate these biological processes and build the models necessary to understand disease and drive advancements in medicine.
Another reason is that biomedicine has long been a purely observational and experimental science, whereas engineering, physics, mathematics, and chemistry integrated theoretical approaches long ago. Our educational system is still fostering this difference and too few programs are driving for a more integrative scientific education. A new 'systems mindset' needs to permeate the life sciences: they have their roots in the physicochemical laws that govern the interactions between molecular entities, which can in turn be described mathematically and modeled computationally.
What role does HPC play in the work you do at Philip Morris International?
Philip Morris International is developing candidate modified-risk tobacco products. To conduct the non-clinical assessment of these potentially reduced-risk tobacco products and determine whether they are indeed reducing the risk of disease, we have implemented a systems toxicology-based approach. Systems toxicology is the integration of classical toxicology with quantitative analysis of large networks of molecular and functional changes occurring across multiple levels of biological organization. HPC enables our data analysis processes and biological network models, which are used to compare mechanism-by-mechanism the biological impact of novel product candidates with that of conventional cigarettes.
You've also been a professor of bioinformatics at the University of Basel for the last 12 years. How have developments in HPC caused the field of bioinformatics to evolve over this time?
In the last decade, we have witnessed an unprecedented development in 'omics' technologies, driving the need for new methods in bioinformatics, which in turn are impossible to implement without HPC. It is, therefore, the interplay between the needs of data analysis and the opportunities provided by advancements in HPC that drive evolution in bioinformatics. These developments in HPC have not only enabled a far deeper analysis of the data, but also testing of many hypotheses which we could only dream about a decade ago. For instance, at the end of the nineties it took several days of computing time to compare two mammalian genomes (e.g. Genecrunch) or build molecular models for every protein in the human genome (e.g. 3D-Crunch). Today, we can do these things in just a few hours and with far more accuracy. This enables biologists to test several hypotheses and design more targeted experiments.
And, I believe that as well as being a co-founder of the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, you also serve as the chairperson of its executive board. According to the organization's website, its vision is 'to help shape the future of life sciences through excellence in bioinformatics'. How can this be achieved?
This can be achieved by bringing bioinformaticians closer to the experimentalists and providing excellent information resources, analytical software tools, and computing infrastructure. Taking an active role in education and federating bioinformatics scientists across Switzerland is also an important part of our mission. Furthermore, The Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics also serves as an organizational model for other federated scientific organizations in Switzerland and abroad.
How do you think HPC is likely to change bioinformatics over the next decade?
Modern society is facing some major challenges in the 21st century. These include the improvement of health, the sustainable production of food and energy, and the protection of our environment. The life sciences have a major role to play in all these areas and bioinformatics, enabled by HPC, is a key to finding solutions. For instance, increasingly affordable genome sequencing and 'omics' technologies drive new developments in bioinformatics and computational systems biology, with applications ranging from personalized medicine to the development of improved crops for food and green energy production.
Finally, what topics are you most excited to learn more about at ISC'14?
The two sessions which I am most interested in are 'Supercomputing solving real life problems' and The Human Brain Project. As I am much focused on solving real life problems, I am keen to see where and how scientists are applying HPC to come up with innovative approaches to address meaningful challenges. Furthermore, The Human Brain Project is of particular interest to the life sciences, as it integrates levels of complexity spanning molecular, structural, and functional levels of the brain. At the same time, The Human Brain Project will also help drive new developments in HPC to cope with the demands of such a project.
ISC'14 will be held in Leipzig, Germany, from 22-26 June, 2014. | https://sciencenode.org/feature/growth-hpc-life-sciences.php |
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Type 2 diabetes treatments have different effects on the hearts of men and women, according to a study that appears in the December issue of the American Journal of Physiology – Heart and Circulatory Physiology. The commonly prescribed diabetes drug metformin had positive effects on heart function in women but not in men, who experienced a shift in metabolism thought to increase the risk of heart failure.
“It is imperative that we gain understanding of diabetes medications and their impact on the heart in order to design optimal treatment regimens for patients,” said Janet B. McGill, MD, professor of medicine and a study co-author who sees patients at Barnes-Jewish Hospital. “This study is a step in that direction.”
The investigators evaluated commonly prescribed diabetes drugs in 78 patients, who were assigned to one of three groups. Under McGill’s supervision, the first group received metformin alone; the second received metformin plus rosiglitazone (Avandia); and the third received metformin plus Lovaza, which is a kind of fish oil.
Metformin reduces glucose production by the liver and helps the body become more sensitive to insulin. Rosiglitazone also improves insulin sensitivity and is known to move free fatty acids out of the blood. Lovaza is prescribed to lower blood levels of triglycerides, another type of fat.
Importantly, Gropler noted that when they compared the three groups without separating men and women, no differences in heart metabolism were seen. But when the patients were separated by sex, the drugs had very different and sometimes opposite effects on heart metabolism, even as blood sugar remained well-controlled in all patients.
“The most dramatic difference between men and women is with metformin alone,” said Gropler, who also sees patients at Barnes-Jewish Hospital. “Our data show it to have a favorable effect on cardiac metabolism in women and an unfavorable one in men.”
The research suggests that these divergent responses in men and women may provide at least a partial explanation for the conflicting data surrounding some diabetes drugs. Specifically, the proportion of men and women participating in a clinical trial may play an unappreciated role in whether drugs are found to be safe and effective. | http://endo.wustl.edu/2013/study-shows-diabetes-drugs-affect-hearts-men-women-differently/ |
Kopna Vase, beige and blue – Tall
„Kopna“ is czech equivalent for the upper residual part of the product, which is usually removed during standard glassmaking process.
In glassmaking terminology, the „kopna“ refers to excess glass on the upper portion of a hollow object that is formed by virtue of the technology used. Under normal circumstances, this cap must be removed when manually forming glass by blowing it into moulds. In this case, however, the cap is left on the object on purpose to form the dominant shape of the vase. Unlike shaping glass into a wooden mould where the proportions of the product‘s bottom section are given, the shape of the „kopna“ differs in each individual case. This only emphasizes the manual craftsmanship and the shape of each item produced is unique.
Both parts of the vase are separated and then reconnected by small but strong magnets. The final product has the potential for multiple uses: as a freestanding interior object, a container, a functional vase for bouquets, or a single flower with a long stem. | https://www.rossanaorlandi.com/collections/kopna-vase-beige-and-blue-tall-david-valner-studio/ |
SHoP Architects have unveiled plans to expand SITE Santa Fe, a contemporary arts venue in the city of Santa Fe. With a mission to serve as a "dynamic cultural hub" within the heart of Santa Fe Railyard (one of America's six Great Public Spaces according to the American Planning Association), the new design "draws inspiration from traditional Navajo patternmaking" and will be anchored in the "distinctive material qualities" of its historic site.
“We are thrilled to have this opportunity to work with SITE Santa Fe to help transform its current home,” SHoP principal Christopher Sharples said. “Our design is based around the idea that art doesn’t have to be experienced in isolation. The galleries will become unique and intimate places to interact with art, even as the building itself opens up to the neighboring park, the life of the Railyard district, and gives SITE a greater presence in the landscape of the city as a whole.”
The updated building will be comprised of an expanded SITElab Exhibition gallery, a 3000 square-foot "flexible" event hall, an Education Lab, classroom, and new outdoor gathering spaces, such as a Entrance Sculpture Court and Sky Mezzanine.
It will break ground at 1606 Paseo de Peralta in August 2016; completion is slated summer 2017. | https://www.archdaily.com/776044/shop-reveals-plan-to-expand-site-santa-fe?ad_medium=gallery |
Pandemic has been part of the human experience since time began. Matthew Cox takes a look at Covid-19 in the context of previous pandemics.
One of the biggest surprises of this Covid-19 pandemic is that we are surprised. Over recent years our world has grown much smaller, with over 50 per cent of our global population now living in urban areas. We are more crowded and more connected than ever, perfect conditions for the spread of infectious diseases.
The COVID-19 pandemic
COVID-19 or coronavirus is an infectious disease-causing respiratory illness and it derives its name from the spiky projections on the outer surfaces of the virus which resemble the points on a crown (Corona in Latin). According to the WHO the COVID-19 virus spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes. COVID-19 is similar to SARS (2002-3) and MERS (2015) as a virus that humans have contracted after contact with a non-human host that has allowed the virus to jump from the host to humans, Civets for SARS and Camels for MERS.
The spread of pandemics
Pandemics occur when a new virus emerges which is able to infect people easily and spread from person to person in an efficient and sustained way. Because the virus is new very few people will have immunity against the virus and current vaccines might not suffice. Therefore the new virus can make a lot of people sick, and the severity of this depends on the virus, the immunity of the population, and also the health and age of the infected.
1918 ‘Spanish Flu’ Virus Pandemic (H1N1)
The 1918 Spanish Flu Pandemic was the most severe in recent history. It was caused by a virus with the avian origin and the outbreak was linked back to an American military training base and spread worldwide in a perfect storm of conditions generated by the first World War. Industrialisation and the war response from the USA led to crowding facilitated transmission. Soldiers in crowded and cramped camps, along with massive troop movement allowed for rapid transmission through 1918, and it’s estimated that about 500 million people became infected, and the number of deaths was estimated at 50 million. Symptoms started with classic flu-like symptoms before progressing to pneumonia and then ‘purple death’. The pandemic came in three separate waves between June 1918 and April of 1919.
The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention estimated in 2018 that if the 1918 virus hit today, it could result in tens of millions of deaths, with widespread disruption of transportation and supply chains, and massive economic costs – a situation which now seems very real.
2009 ‘Swine Flu’ Pandemic Virus (H1N1pdm09)
In more recent times a new virus strain of H1N1 was detected in the USA and spread across the United States and the world. This virus was very interesting as almost third of people over 60 years old already had immunity to the virus, but very few young people, suggesting that people over 60 would have developed immunity from previous exposure to an H1N1 virus earlier in their lives. It was estimated by the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention that approx. 10 to 20 per cent of the global population contracted the disease, potentially a billion people, but the number of deaths was estimated to be between 150,000 and 500,000 which is similar to the annual death rate of seasonal flu.
Seasonal Flu
One of the common themes of this pandemic has been the downplaying of the virus in comparison to the seasonal flu. This has been pushed by President Trump: “Thirty-six deaths a year from the flu. But we’ve never closed down the country for the flu.” One of the key differences that have been established so far is the difference in the R0 of the seasonal flu and COVID-19. The R0 is the estimate of the average number of people who catch the virus from a single infected person. With flu the R0 is 1.3, however, estimates of the R0 for COVID-19 are between two to three, which is why the social distancing measures enforced throughout the world are so important.
So although we have been here before, several times in this last century, we are in unprecedented times, and with a virus, we are still learning more about every day. As more is learnt about the virus, more actions will be taken and other actions reduced, however as seen by the lessons we have learnt from the Spanish Flu and the methods of transmission, worldwide movement and crowding will be key methods of the delay and control of the disease in the coming months.
As a consultancy supporting wellbeing at work, we’re sharing the lessons we’re learning about the pandemic as it continues, and are determined to drive wellbeing at work to better prepare us all for a healthier and happier life. | https://www.i-wellbeing.com/covid-19/a-history-of-pandemics/ |
The U.S. government has lifted a 2014 temporary ban on funding research involving the flu and other pathogens in which scientists deliberately make them more transmissible or more deadly.
The ban covered federal funding for any new so-called ‘gain-of-function’ experiments that enhance pathogens such as Avian influenza, SARS and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome or MERS viruses.
It followed a series of safety breaches at federal laboratories involving the handling of anthrax and avian flu that raised questions about lab safety at high-security national laboratories.
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The H1N1 strain of the swine flu virus up close: A 2014 ban on funding research involving the flu and other pathogens in which scientists deliberately make them more transmissible or more deadly has been lifted
The concern with ‘gain-of-function’ research is that while the work may produce useful insights about how a pathogen might naturally evolve and become more deadly, laboratory-enhanced pathogens could be used for biowarfare or bioterrorism if they fell into the wrong hands.
The U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) said in a statement on Tuesday that such work is important to help scientists understand and develop effective countermeasures ‘against rapidly evolving pathogens that pose a threat to public health.’
A Hungarian worker holds an ampule filled with vaccine against the deadly H5N1 virus of bird flu
NIH director Dr. Francis Collins said in a statement the funding ban was lifted after the Department of Health and Human Services issued a framework to guide decisions over work involving enhanced pathogens with the potential to cause a pandemic.
That framework lays out an extensive review process for federally funded research on enhanced pathogens – considering both the benefits of the research and the potential safety risks.
Dr. Sam Stanley, president of Stony Brook University and chairman of the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity, which provided guidance on the new policy, noted the world’s deadliest pathogens are evolving naturally.
He said research is needed to understand and prevent devastating pandemics, such as the 1918-1919 Spanish flu pandemic that killed some 50 million people.
‘I believe nature is the ultimate bioterrorist and we need to do all we can to stay one step ahead,’ Stanley said in an email, adding ‘basic research on these agents by laboratories that have shown they can do this work safely is key to global security.’
THE 1918 FLU OUTBREAK – THE WORLD THE WORLD HAS EVER SEEN
The deadly flu virus attacked more than one-third of the world’s population, and within months had killed more than 50 million people – three times as many as the World War I – and did it more quickly than any other illness in recorded history.
Most influenza outbreaks disproportionately kill juvenile, elderly, or already weakened patients; in contrast the 1918 pandemic predominantly killed previously healthy young adults.
Red Cross volunteers fighting against the Spanish flu epidemic in United States in 1918
To maintain morale, wartime censors minimized early reports of illness and mortality in Germany, Britain, France, and the United States.
However, newspapers were free to report the epidemic’s effects in Spain, creating a false impression of Spain as being especially hard hit – and leading to the pandemic’s nickname Spanish flu.
The close quarters and massive troop movements of World War I hastened the pandemic and probably both increased transmission and augmented mutation, researchers believe.
The global mortality rate from the 1918/1919 pandemic is not known, but an estimated 10% to 20% of those who were infected died, with estimates of the total number of deaths ranging from 50-100 million people. | http://www.moskow-city.com/health/us-lifts-funding-ban-on-super-pathogen-studies/ |
This is Episode 2 of Naive and Dangerous, the podcast series about emergent media I am recording together with my colleague Dr Chris Moore. In this episode we discuss the notion of the cyborg and the tension between being a cyborg and being a human. We start by unpacking the various meanings injected in the concept of a cyborg, using recent movies such as Alita Battle Angel and Ghost in the Shell as a starting point. As is our habit, we engage in extensive speculative analysis of the cyborg trope, from contemporary cinema, to cyberpunk, early science fiction imaginaries of robots, the assembly line, and ancient mythology. In the process we develop a definition of cyborg/humans and manage to have a lot of fun. Have a listen.
Tag: robots
Here is a video of what, if there were only humans involved, would be considered a case of serious abuse and be met with counselling for all parties involved. The video is of a robot trying to evade a group of children abusing it. It is part of two projects titled “Escaping from Children’s Abuse of Social Robots,” by Dražen Brščić, Hiroyuki Kidokoro, Yoshitaka Suehiro, and Takayuki Kanda from ATR Intelligent Robotics and Communication Laboratories and Osaka University, and “Why Do Children Abuse Robots?”, by Tatsuya Nomura, Takayuki Uratani, Kazutaka Matsumoto, Takayuki Kanda, Hiroyoshi Kidokoro, Yoshitaka Suehiro, and Sachie Yamada from Ryukoku University, ATR Intelligent Robotics and Communication Laboratories, and Tokai University, presented at the 2015 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction.
Contrary to the moral panic surrounding intelligent robots and violence, symbolized by the Terminator trope, the challenge is not how to avoid an apocalypse spearheaded by AI killer-robots, but how to protect robots from being brutalized by humans, and particularly by children. This is such an obvious issue once you start thinking about it. You have a confluence of ludism [rage against the machines] in all its technophobia varieties – from economic [robots are taking our jobs], to quasi-religious [robots are inhuman and alien], with the conviction that ‘this is just a machine’ and therefore violence against it is not immoral. The thing about robots, and all machines, is that they are tropic – instead of intent they could be said to have tropisms, which is to say purpose-driven sets of reactions to stimuli. AI infused robots would naturally eclipse the tropic limitation by virtue of being able to produce seemingly random reactions to stimuli, which is a quality particular to conscious organisms.
The moral panic is produced by this transgresison of the machinic into the human. Metaphorically, it can be illustrated by the horror of discovering that a machine has human organs, or human feelings, which is the premise of the Ghost in Shell films. So far so good, but the problem is that the other side of this vector goes full steam ahead as the human transgresses into the machinic. As humans become more and more enmeshed and entangled in close-body digital augmentation-nets [think FitBit], they naturally start reifying their humanity with the language of machines [think the quantified self movement]. If that is the case, then why not do the same for the other side, and start reifying machines with the language of humans – i.e. anthropomorphise and animate them?
Amazon’s warehouse robots in a machinic routine. I can watch this all day.
A thought-provoking look at the impact of massive automation on existing labor practices by C.G.P. Grey.
We have been through economic revolutions before, but the robot revolution is different. Horses aren’t unemployed now because they got lazy as a species, they’re unemployable. There’s little work a horse can do that do that pays for its housing and hay. And many bright, perfectly capable humans will find themselves the new horse: unemployable through no fault of their own. […]
This video isn’t about how automation is bad — rather that automation is inevitable. It’s a tool to produce abundance for little effort. We need to start thinking now about what to do when large sections of the population are unemployable — through no fault of their own. What to do in a future where, for most jobs, humans need not apply.
What collapsing empire looks like by Glenn Greenwald: – The title speaks for itself. A list of bad news from all across the US – power blackouts, roads in disrepair, no streetlights, no schools, no libraries – reads like Eastern Europe after the fall of communism, only that the fall is yet to come here.
Special Operations’ Robocopter Spotted in Belize by Olivia Koski: – Super quiet rotors, synthetic-aperture radar capable of following slow moving people through dense foliage, and ability to fly autonomously through a programmed route. This article complements nicely the one above.
Open Source Tools Turn WikiLeaks Into Illustrated Afghan Meltdown by Noah Shachtman: – Meticulous graphical representation of the WikiLeaks Afghan log. The Hazara provinces in the center of the country, and the shia provinces next to the Iranian border seem strangely quiet. | http://tedmitew.com/tag/robots/ |
From Schweinfurth, 1878 (1): 53.
Extract from Plaschke and Zirngibl, African Shields
(p 75)
The truth of the statement that the stick was the prototype of many defensive weapons can be seen by examining three types of wood shields. Their main function - deflecting the blow of one's opponent - became an essential and basic characteristic of the simple pole and parrying shield. It was only with the later development of broad shields that their users were able to defend themselves against the enemy's spears, arrows, clubs etc.
The 'original model' of a wooden pole shield with a concave handle in the middle arose from the necessity of parrying with a piece of wood while protecting one's hand at the same time. Fist protectors together with fighting poles and clubs were used to settle disagreements within the tribe. In armed conflicts with neighboring tribes, however, larger leather shields were employed. Early ethnological articles not only mentioned the simple and modest way of life of the Nilotic herdsmen of Sudan, but also displayed their parrying shields with the description, 'typical weapons of the upper Nile'.
'Kuerr' as the shield in ill. 62 is called, is a product of the Dinka from the swampy lowlands of the upper Nile. Illustration 63 illustrates a slimmer and more elegant design. [both of these shields are very similar to 1884.30.21].
G.Schweinfurth was one of the first to draw attention to the peculiar pole shields of the Dinka. He wrote that their marked preference for clubs and fighting poles led other tribes to call them 'the people of the pole'.
A deep groove runs the length of the inner side of the shield in ill. 62. On the shield next to it the same groove is restricted to the middle section. It can be safely assumed that fighting poles were laid in the grooves.
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Extract from Schweinfurth's The Heart of Africa
(pp53 - 54)
The most important weapon of the Dinka is the lance. Bows and arrows are unknown: the instruments that some travellers have mistaken for bows are only weapons of defence for parrying the blows of clubs. But really their favourite weapons are clubs and sticks, which they cut out of the hard wood of the Hegelig (Balanites), or from the native ebony (Diospyrus mespiliformis). This mode of defence is ridiculed by other nations, and the Niam-niam, with whom the Dinka have become acquainted by accompanying the Khartoomers in their ivory expeditions, deride them as 'A-Tagbondo' or stick-people.
Similar conditions of life in different regions, even among dissimilar races, ever produce similar habits and tendencies. This is manifest in the numerous customs that the Dinka possess in common with the far-off Kaffirs. They have the same predilection for clubs and sticks, and use a shield of the same long oval form, cut out of buffalo-hide, and which, in order to insure a firmer hold, is crossed by a stick, secured by being passed through slips cut in the thick leather. But the instruments for parrying club-blows depicted in the accompanying illustration are quite peculiar to the Dinka. As far as I know, no previous traveller has drawn attention to these strange contrivances for defence. They are of two kinds. One consists of a neatly-carved piece of wood, rather more than a yard long, with a hollow in the centre for the protection of the hand: these are called 'quayre'. The other, which has been mistaken for a bow, is termed 'dang' of which the substantial fibres seem peculiarly fitted for breaking the violence of any blow...
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Extract from Petherick's Egypt, the Soudan and Central Africa
(p391)
Their arms are lances and clubs; the latter, held in the left hand, is used as a shield to ward off the lances, and to brain the fallen enemy.
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Extract from Petherick's 'On the arms of the Arab and Negro tribes of Central Africa,
bordering on the White Nile'
(talk given to the Royal United Service Institution at its evening meeting on Monday May 7 1860; JRUSI, iv, 13, p173 - 174)
The pastoral Dinkas use only one large and two or three smaller lances, without a shield, a substitute for which is a heavy stick with which they cleverly ward off a coming lance, using it as a club and with it drive their cattle of which they possess large herds. Iron the Dinkas have not, and they are obliged to purchase their lances from their neighbours the Arabs. As a substitute for iron, after insertion in boiling water, they straighten the horns of antelopes and gazelles for lance points. Their method of fighting, as is the case with the whole of the negro tribes with whom I am acquainted, is on foot, as they have no beast of burthen, and, although they are large cattle owners, the ox has never been made serviceable, the neighbouring Bagara Arabs, to carry loads or man.
... Originally Dinka, and subdivided into many families forming distinct tribes, having their language only in common, these negroes, in addition to a stiff club, made from the root of a tree, which they are expert in casting as well as fencing with, carry an instrument like a bow for the purpose of warding off projectiles, and which, with the club, and a lance, or two, are grasped in the left hand, whilst throwing a lance with the right. | http://era.anthropology.ac.uk/Era_Resources/Era/Pitt_Rivers/shieweap/dinka.html |
For more information on e-waste disposal, check out the following resources:
Regulatory E-waste Initiatives
"Restriction on Hazardous Substances" (download PDF)
This European Union directive requires the phaseout of nine toxic materials from electrical and electronic equipment sold in EU countries by July 1, 2006.
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (download PDF)
This EU directive makes manufacturers responsible for end-of-life recycling of their products.
Electronic Waste Recycling Act
California SB 20 legislation assesses a $6 to $10 fee at time of sale on display screens greater than a specified size to cover recycling costs. Also bans export of e-waste to developing nations and requires the elimination of some substances from electronic products.
Hazardous Waste Infrastructure Program Act (H.R. 1165)
U.S. House bill sponsored by Rep. Mike Thompson (D-Calif.) would require the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to create a grant program that would assess a $10 fee on computers at time of purchase to "promote the development of a national infrastructure for the recycling of used computers."
United Nations treaty banning the export of e-waste to developing countries. Although 41 nations have ratified the convention, the U.S. has not. Therefore, U.S. companies aren't bound by it.
Advocacy Groups
Seattle
Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition
San Jose
Papers and Research Reports
"EPR2 Baseline Report: Recycling of Selected Electronic Products in the United States"
This 1999 National Safety Council report, conducted by San Jose-based iSuppli/Stanford Resources, sells for $95. The Web site also includes a list of e-waste recyclers.
"How to Properly Manage Your Old Electronic Equipment," National Recycling Coalition
An essential list of questions to ask an IT products recycler before using them. If a recycler can't answer these questions, says Kate M. Krebs, executive director of the National Recycling Coalition, don't use it.
"Composition of a Personal Desktop Computer," Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition
- List of publications on e-waste at American Retroworks Inc.'s Web site
Environmental Certifications and Seals
A Swedish consortia of unions and workers created the TCO-92 certification that's widely used by display manufacturers. Displays and PCs that carry the seal must meet the TCO's criteria for emissions and use of recyclable material.
Blue Angel (download PDF)
This labeling system, developed by the German Federal Environment Agency, requires computer products carrying the Blue Angel seal to conform to specific standards for ease of recycling. For example, products can't use brominated fire retardants.
Recycling Organizations and Vendors
For an extensive database of vendors, visit the National Recycling Coalition's Electronics Recycling Initiative Web site.
Middlebury, Vt.
Austin
International Association of Electronics Recyclers
Albany, N.Y.
Columbus, Ohio
Hilliard, Ohio
Washington
This Web site is an excellent source of information on IT product recycling. See also the Recycling Resources page and the database of recyclers mentioned above.
National Safety CouncilIts 1999 report, "Electronic Product Recovery and Recycling Baseline Report: Recycling of Selected Electronic Products in the United States," offers the only statistics on the problem that all parties in the industry seem to agree on, according to Kate Krebs at the National Recycling Coalition. The widely cited report is available at a cost of $95. | https://www.computerworld.com/article/2574995/sidebar--e-waste-resource-list.html |
Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is a nervous system disorder (dysautonomia) that affects blood flow throughout the body. Altered blood supply can lead to dizziness or fainting when standing. This typically causes the heart rate to increase by 30 beats per minute or the heart rate to reach 120 beats per minute or greater within 10 minutes of standing up.
POTS Symptoms Beyond Dizziness
Symptoms are wide ranging and can include problems with the regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature and perspiration. Fatigue, lightheadedness, fainting (syncope), weakness and cognitive impairment can also occur.
POTS Cause
Autonomic dysfunction can occur as a primary issue or as a secondary condition of another disease process, like diabetes. POTS often goes hand in hand with other nervous system disorders like migraine, anxiety, chronic dry eye or Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).
POTS Treatment
Treatment for this condition consists of gentle brain stimulation. Through specific motions, the nervous system is activated appropriately to control the processes of blood flow throughout the body. | https://www.enlivenwv.com/pots |
Comma Separated Values or CSV is a type of text file where each value is delimited by a comma. CSV files are very useful for the import and export of data to other software applications.
Step 1: Create an HTML table: Create a simple HTML page with a table and a button. This button will be used as a trigger to convert the table into comma-separated values and download it in the form of a CSV file. Apply your own needed CSS stylings.
HTML
When the tableToCSV() function is triggered, it accesses each table row data using the document object model. The getElementByTagName(‘tr’) retrieves all table row data and stores it in rows variable. The rows[i].querySelectorAll(‘td,th’) will get each column data of that table row. It is then stored in csvrow variable. The csvrow variable data are combined using commas to represent a row of a CSV file and then it is stored in a csv_data variable which represents the data of our CSV file in combination. We then join csv_data values using the newline character as each row in a CSV file is represented in a new line. Now our data is ready to be exported into a CSV file.
Step 3: Write a script to download the CSV file: Now that we have our converted data ready, we need to write a script to create a CSV file, feed our data into it, and trigger the browser to download it automatically after the user has clicked the download button. Since this function will be triggered after the table data is converted, we will call this function inside tableToCSV() function.
This function will take the CSV data that was formed earlier, as the argument. We will create a new file by creating a blob object of type CSV and then feed our CSV data into it. We need a link to trigger the browser window to download the file. However, we don’t have any link in our HTML to do so. So, we will create a new link using DOM and provide its attributes with the appropriate values. This link so created should not be visible to the user as this link is solely for download triggering purposes and not for any other. So we need to make sure that this link is not visible to the user and is removed once the download triggering process is over. Again we can use DOM to meet all our requirements.
Using click() event listener, we can automatically let the link be clicked and download our CSV file. Now our CSV file should be successfully downloaded.
Final Code:
HTML
Output: | https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/how-to-export-html-table-to-csv-using-javascript/ |
---
abstract: 'Machine learning is currently involved in some of the most vigorous debates it has ever seen. Such debates often seem to go around in circles, reaching no conclusion or resolution. This is perhaps unsurprising given that researchers in machine learning come to these discussions with very different frames of reference, making it challenging for them to align perspectives and find common ground. As a remedy for this dilemma, we advocate for the adoption of a common conceptual framework which can be used to understand, analyze, and discuss research. We present one such framework which is popular in cognitive science and neuroscience and which we believe has great utility in machine learning as well: *Marr’s levels of analysis*. Through a series of case studies, we demonstrate how the levels facilitate an understanding and dissection of several methods from machine learning. By adopting the levels of analysis in one’s own work, we argue that researchers can be better equipped to engage in the debates necessary to drive forward progress in our field.'
author:
- |
Jessica B. Hamrick\
DeepMind\
`[email protected]`\
Shakir Mohamed\
DeepMind\
`[email protected]`\
bibliography:
- 'iclr2020\_conference.bib'
title: Levels of Analysis for Machine Learning
---
Conceptual Frameworks
=====================
The last few months and years have seen researchers embroiled in heated debates touching on fundamental questions in machine learning: what, exactly, is “deep learning”? Can it ever be considered “symbolic”? Is it sufficient to achieve artificial general intelligence? Can it be trusted in high-stakes, real-world applications? These are important questions, yet the discussions surrounding them seem unable to move forward productively. This is due, in part, to the lack of a common framework within which argument and evidence are grounded and compared. Early researchers in computer science, engineering and cognitive science struggled in this same way, and were led to develop several *conceptual frameworks*: mental models that align researchers’ understanding of how their work and philosophies fit into the larger goals of their field and science more broadly [e.g. @chomsky1965aspects; @marr1976understanding; @newell1976computer; @marr1982vision; @newell1981knowledge; @arbib1987levels; @anderson1990adaptive]. Our proposition is to reinvigorate this former tradition of debate by making the use of conceptual frameworks a core part of machine learning research.
We focus in this paper on the use of *Marr’s levels of analysis*, a conceptual framework popular in cognitive science and neuroscience. @marr1982vision identified a three-layer hierarchy for describing and analyzing a computational system:
Computational level.
: *What is the goal of a system, what are its inputs and outputs, and what mathematical language can be used to express that goal?* As an example, let us consider the case of natural language. In one view, @chomsky1965aspects famously argued that the purpose of language is to structure thought by expressing knowledge in a compositional and recursive way.
Algorithmic or representational level.
: *What representations and algorithms are used to achieve the computational-level goal?* Under Chomsky’s view of language, we might hypothesize that a language processing system uses symbolic representations like syntax trees and that those representations are formed using some form of linguistic parsing.
Implementation level.
: *How is the system implemented, either physically or in software?* For example, we might ask how a neural circuit in the brain could represent syntax trees using population-based codes, or how a parser should be implemented efficiently in code.
Each level of analysis allows us to identify various hypotheses and constraints about how the system operates, and to highlight areas of disagreement. For example, others have argued that the computational-level goal of language is not to structure thought, but to communicate with others [@tomasello2010origins]. At the algorithmic level, we might argue that syntax trees are an impoverished representation for language, and that we must also consider dependency structures, information compression schemes, context, pragmatics, and so on. And, at the implementation level, we might consider how things like working memory or attention constrain what algorithms can be realistically supported.
Case Studies in Using Levels of Analysis
========================================
We use four case studies to show how Marr’s levels of analysis can be applied to understanding methods in machine learning, choosing examples that span the breadth of research in the field. While the levels have traditionally been used to reverse-engineer biological behavior, here we use them as a conceptual device that facilitates the structuring and comparison of machine learning methods. Additionally, we note that our classification of various methods at different levels of analysis may not be the only possibility, and readers may find themselves disagreeing with us. This disagreement is a desired outcome: the act of applying the levels forces differing assumptions out into the open so they can be more readily discussed.
Deep Q-Networks (DQN)
---------------------
DQN [@mnih2015human] is a deep reinforcement learning algorithm originally used to train agents to play Atari games. At the **computational** level, the goal of DQN is to efficiently produce actions which maximize scalar rewards given observations from the environment. We can use the language of reinforcement learning—and in particular, the Bellman equation—to express this goal [@sutton2018reinforcement]. At the **algorithmic** level, DQN performs off-policy one-step temporal difference (TD) learning (i.e., Q-learning), which can be contrasted with other choices such as SARSA, $n$-step Q-learning, TD($\lambda$), and so on. All of these different algorithmic choices are different realizations of the same goal: to solve the Bellman equation. At the **implementation** level, we consider how Q-learning should actually be implemented in software. For example, we can consider the neural network architecture, optimizer, and hyperparameters, as well as components such as a target network and replay buffer. We could also consider how to implement Q-learning in a distributed manner [@horgan2018distributed].
The levels of analysis when applied to machine learning systems help us to more readily identify assumptions that are being made and to critique those assumptions. For example, perhaps we wish to critique DQN for failing to *really* know what objects are, such as what a “paddle” or “ball” is in Breakout [@marcus2018deep]. While on the surface this comes across as a critique of deep reinforcement learning more generally, by examining the levels of analysis, it becomes clear that this critique could actually be made in very different ways at two levels of analysis:
1. At the computational level, the goal of DQN is not to learn about objects but to maximize scalar reward in a game. Yet, if we care about the system understanding objects, then perhaps the goal should be formulated such that discovering objects is part of the objective itself [e.g. @burgess2019monet; @greff2019multi]. Importantly, the fact that the agent uses deep learning is orthogonal to the question of what the goal is.
2. At the implementation level, we might interpret the critique as being about the method used to implement the Q-function. Here, it becomes relevant to talk about deep learning. DQN uses a convolutional neural network to convert visual observations into distributed representations, but we could argue that these are not the most appropriate for capturing the discrete and compositional nature of objects [e.g. @battaglia2018relational; @van2019perspective].
Depending on whether the critique is interpreted at the computational level or implementation level, one might receive very different responses, thus leading to a breakdown of communication. However, if the levels were to be used and explicitly referred to when making an argument, there would be far less room for confusion or misinterpretation and far more room for productive discourse.
Convolutional neural networks
-----------------------------
One of the benefits of the levels of analysis is that they can be flexibly applied to any computational system, even when that particular system might itself be a component of a larger system. For example, an important component of the DQN agent at the implementation level is a visual frontend which processes observations and maps them to Q-values [@mnih2015human]. Just as we can analyze the whole DQN agent using the levels of analysis, we can do the same for DQN’s visual system.
At the **computational** level, the goal of a vision module is to map spatial data (as opposed to, say, sequential data or graph-structured data) to a compact representation of objects and scenes that is invariant to certain types of transformations (such as translation). At the **algorithmic** level, feed-forward convolutional networks [@fukushima1988neocognitron; @lecun1989backpropagation] are one type of procedure that processes spatial data while maintaining translational invariance. Within the class of CNNs, there are many different versions, such as AlexNet [@krizhevsky2012imagenet], ResNet [@he2016deep], or dilated convolutions [@yu2015multi]. However, this need not be the only choice. For example, we could consider a relational [@wang2018non] or autoregressive [@oord2016pixel] architecture instead. Finally, at the **implementation** level, we can ask how to efficiently implement the convolution operation in hardware. We could choose to implement our CNN on a CPU, a single GPU, or multiple GPUs. We may also be concerned with questions about what to do if the parameters or gradients of our network are too large to fit into GPU memory, how to scale to much larger batch sizes, and how to reduce latency.
Analyzing the CNN on its own highlights how the levels can be applied flexibly to many types of methods: we can “zoom” our analysis in and out to focus understanding and discussion of different aspects of larger systems as needed. This ability is particularly useful for analyzing whether a component of a larger system is really the right one by comparing the role of a component in a larger system to its computational-level goal in isolation. For example, as we concluded above, the computational-level goal of a CNN is to process spatial data while maintaining translational invariance. This might be appropriate for certain types of goals (e.g., object classification) but not for others in which translational invariance is inappropriate (e.g., object localization).
Symbolic Reasoning on Graphs
----------------------------
A major topic of debate has been the relationship between symbolic reasoning systems and distributed (deep) learning systems. The levels of analysis provide an ideal way to better illuminate the form of this relationship. As an illustrative example, let us consider the problem of solving an NP-complete problem like the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), a task that has traditionally been approached symbolically. At the **computational** level, given a complete weighted graph (i.e. fully-connected edges with weights), the goal is to find the minimum-weight path through the graph that visits each node exactly once. Although finding an exact solution to the TSP takes (in the worst case) exponential time, we could formulate part of the goal as finding an efficient solution which returns near-optimal or approximate solutions. At the **algorithmic** level, there are many ways we could try to both represent and solve the TSP. As it is an NP-complete problem, we could choose to transform it into other types of NP-complete problems (such as graph coloring, the knapsack problem, or boolean satisfiablity). A variety of algorithms exist for solving these different types of problems, with a common approach being heuristic search. While heuristics are typically handcrafted at the **implementation** level using a symbolic programming language, they could also be implemented using deep learning components [e.g. @vinyals2015pointer; @dai2017learning].
Performing this analysis shows how machine learning systems may simultaneously implement computations with *both* symbolic and distributed representations at different levels of analysis. Perhaps, then, discussions about “symbolic reasoning” versus “deep learning” or (“hybrid systems” versus “non-hybrid systems”) are not the right focus because *both* symbolic reasoning and deep learning already coexist in many architectures. Instead, we can use the levels to productively steer discussions to where they can have more of an impact. For example, we could ask: is the logic of the algorithmic level the right one to achieve the computational-level goal? Is that goal the one we care about solving in the first place? And, is the architecture used at the implementation level appropriate for learning or implementing the desired algorithm?
Machine Learning in Healthcare
------------------------------
The last few case studies have focused on applying Marr’s levels to widely-known algorithms. However, an important component of any machine learning system is also the data on which it is trained and its domain of application. We turn to an application of machine learning in real-world settings where data plays a significant role. Consider a clinical support tool for managing electronic health records (EHR) [e.g. @wu2010prediction; @tomavsev2019clinically]. At the **computational** level, the goal of this system is to improve patient outcomes by predicting patient deterioration during the course of hospitalization. Performing this computational-level analysis encourages us to think deeply about all facets of the overall goal, such as: what counts as a meaningful prediction that gives sufficient time to act? Are there clinically-motivated labels available? How should the system deal with imbalances in clinical treatments and patient populations? What unintended or undesirable consequences might arise from deployment of such a system? The **algorithmic** level asks what procedures should be used for collecting and representing the data in order to achieve the computational-level goal. For example, how are data values encoded (e.g., censoring extreme values, one-hot encodings, using derived summary-statistics)? Is the time of an event represented using regular intervals or not? And, what methods allow us to develop longitudinal models of such high-dimensional and highly-sparse data? This is where familiar models of gradient-boosted trees or logistic regression enter. Finally, at the **implementation** level, questions arise regarding how the system is deployed. For example, we may need to consider data sandboxing and security, inter-operability, the role of open-standards, data encryption, and interactions and behavioural changes when the system is deployed.
In addition to facilitating debate, applying Marr’s levels of analysis in a domain like healthcare emphasizes important aspects of design decisions that need to be made. For example, the representation we choose at the algorithmic level can lock in choices at the beginning of a research program that has important implications for lower levels of analysis. Choosing to align the times when data is collected into six hour buckets will affect underlying structure and predictions, with implications on how performance is analyzed and for later deployment. Similarly, “alerting fatigue” is a common concern of such methods, and can be debated at the computational level by asking questions related to the broader interactions of the system with existing clinical pathways, or at the implementation level through mechanisms for alert-filtering. When we consider questions of bias in the data sets used, especially in healthcare, the levels can help us identify whether such bias is a result of clinical constraints at the computational level, or whether it is an artefact of algorithmic-level choices.
Beyond Marr
===========
As our case studies have demonstrated, Marr’s levels of analysis are a powerful conceptual framework that can be used to define, understand, and discuss research in machine learning. The reason that the levels work so well is that they allow researchers to approach discussion using a common frame-of-reference that highlights different choices or assumptions, streamlining discussion while also encouraging skepticism. We suggest readers try this exercise themselves: apply the levels to a recent paper that you enjoyed (or disliked!) as well as your own research. We have found this approach to be a useful way to understand our own specific papers as well as the wider research within which they sit. While the process is sometimes harder than expected, the difficulties that arise are are often exactly in the places we have overlooked and where deeper investigation is needed.
Machine learning research often implicitly relies on several similar conceptual frameworks, although they are not often formalized in the way Marr’s levels are. For example, most deep learning researchers will recognize an *architecture-loss* paradigm: a given problem is studied in terms of a computational graph that processes and transforms data into some output, and a method that computes prediction errors and propagates them to drive parameter and distribution updates. Similarly, many software engineers will recognize the *algorithm-software-hardware* distinction: a problem can be understood in terms of the algorithm to be computed, the software which computes that algorithm, and the hardware on which the software runs. While both of these frameworks are conceptually useful, neither fully captures the full set of abstractions ranging from the computational-level goal to the physical implementation.
Of course, Marr’s levels are not without limitations or alternatives. Even in the course of writing this paper, we considered whether it would make sense to split the algorithmic level into two, mirroring the original four-level formulation put forth by @marr1976understanding. Researchers from cognitive science and neuroscience have also spent considerable effort discussing alternate formulations of the levels [e.g. @sun2008introduction; @griffiths2012bridging; @poggio2012levels; @danks2013moving; @peebles2015thirty; @niv2016reinforcement; @yamins2016eight; @krafft2018levels; @love2019levels]. For example, @poggio2012levels argues that *learning* should be added as an additional level within Marr’s hierarchy. Additionally, Marr’s levels do not explicitly recognize the socially-situated role of computational systems, leading to proposals for alternate hierarchies that consider the interactions between computational systems themselves, as well as the socio-cultural processes in which those systems are embedded [@nissenbaum2001computer; @sun2008introduction]. The ideal conceptual framework for machine learning will need to go beyond Marr to also address such considerations. In the meantime, we believe that Marr’s levels are useful as a common conceptual lens for machine learning researchers to start with. Given such a lens, we believe that researchers will be better equipped to discuss and view their research, and to ultimately address the many deep questions of our field.
Acknowledgments {#acknowledgments .unnumbered}
===============
We would like to thank M. Overlan, K. Stachenfeld, T. Pfaff, A. Santoro, D. Pfau, A. Sanchez-Gonzalez, M. Rosca, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and feedback on this paper. Additionally, we would like to thank I. Momennejad, A. Erdem, A. Lampinen, F. Behbahani, R. Patel, P. Krafft, H. Ritz, T. Darmetko, and many others on Twitter for providing a variety of interesting perspectives and thoughts on this topic that helped to inspire this paper.
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Doers, action driven, working in volatile environments.
With a long term commitment to the company
Driven by learning “how to sail in stormy waters”
Looking for stimuli, guidance and support
SELF SEEKERS
PERSONAL – ME
Individuals “lost in the wood”, questioning their identity
With the desire to enlarge horizons and explore emotions
Driven by their inner development
Looking for moments of truth, creative insights
SENSE MAKERS
PERSONAL – US
Community members, activists, campaigners
With the ambition to act, contribute and engage
Driven by values, in search of the “common good”
Looking for new perspectives, “sharing a cause”
Moments of passage are often lived as existential crisis bringing anxiety and uncertainty towards the future and ones identity. We believe, however, that they lead to new surprising discoveries, if only we can look at them as occasions for a better understanding of the changes in and around us, precious opportunities to increase the self-awareness of our inner potentialities. | http://theflyingcarpet.it/for-whom/ |
This activity will help students create an ongoing list of evidence they can utilize throughout the semester and later in their college careers.
Designed by: Chris Hornbacker
This lesson is designed to help students formulate effective interview questions.
Designed by: Kristin Teston
The goal of this lesson is to help students understand how a specific angle will drastically change their final product, as well as the way they approach their research.
Designed by: Micah Dean Hicks
To help students more fully understand the synthesis assignment by immersing them in the work of planning and writing the essay as a group. Also, to help the instructor understand better how students are interpreting the synthesis assignment.
Designed by: Dr. Jameela Lares
Arguments on hot-button issues like abortion tend to settle into repetitions of stock positions. Arguments over new topics tend to be more nuanced.
Designed by: Kelly Smith
The purpose of this activity is to get the students to actually explain what they mean more fully without simply throwing a bunch of ideas into their papers. It will give students a technique to really slow down, dig into their writing, and fully flesh out their ideas.
Designed by: Fred Clarke
This lesson seeks to build upon students’ understanding of how to write a review by scaffolding their ability to generate and discuss criteria.
Designed by: Charles Bax
This activity is intended to start moving the students from summary to analysis in preparation for the Rhetorical Analysis Paper.
Designed by: Laura Hakala
The goal for this lesson is to help students see their papers in a new perspective and visually understand how to revise papers for structure and organization.
Designed by: Paige Gray
Students are tasked to recreate through writing a brief television/film scene in which they convey the overall tone of the scene in addition to all sensory details. From this, the goal is to help students understand that their writing, through attentive detail and description, can potentially depict a moment, event, or memory as effectively as film does.
Designed by: Scott Wood
The objective for this lesson is to help students see how seemingly unrelated or unconnected articles “speak” to each other. | https://www.usm.edu/humanities/internalportal/detail-and-development.php |
How many pushups can the average man do without stopping?
Many people do more than 300 push-ups a day. But for an average person , even 50 to 100 push-ups should be enough to maintain a good upper body, provided it is done properly. You can start with 20 push-ups , but do not stick to this number. It is important to keep increasing the number to challenge your body.
Is 40 push ups in a row good?
The study tested the stamina of middle-aged male firefighters. It found that those who could do more than 40 pushups in a row had a 96 percent lower risk of being diagnosed with heart disease or experiencing other heart problems over a 10-year period, as compared with those men who could do fewer than 10 push ups .
Is 30 pushups in a row good?
The Bottom Line. Even though the experts point out that roughly 10- 30 reps is average for most people, and that 30 -50 reps is in the “ excellent ” range – let’s get something straight. The amount of push ups that you can do has very little to do with your age or gender.
How many pushups should I do by age?
Depending on your age , you also should be able to do a specific number of push-ups and sit-ups in one minute: Men between 50 and 59 years old should be able to do 15 to 19 push-ups and 20 to 24 sit-ups. Women of the same age should be able to do seven to 10 push-ups and 15 to 19 sit-ups.
Will 25 pushups a day do anything?
“ Push-ups can be done on most days of the week,” White says. You can do push-ups every day if you’re doing a modest amount of them. White defines that as 10–20 push-ups if your max is 25 reps, 2 sets of 10–20 if your max is between 25 and 50 reps, and 2–3 sets of 10–20 if your max is above 50 push-ups .
How many pushups can the rock do?
One of the traits that he’s most known for, with good reason, is his incredibly muscular physique and strength, so how many pushups can he do? Based on video footage we know that Dwayne Johnson can do at least 22 pushups .
Is 100 pushups a day good?
A 100 Push Ups is not a lot, especially when you divide it into sets. However, if you can’t do it yet, well then, you’d get stronger. But if you already can do a 100 Push Ups , even in a couple of sets, then it’s not much of a benefit.
Are girl push ups effective?
Often referred to as ” girl push – ups “, it’s commonly thought performing the exercise on your knees doesn’t really provide much benefit. But new findings suggest they can be just as good as conventional push – ups for building strength – as long as you perform enough to feel exhausted.
Is 80 pushups in a row good?
Pushups covers abs, chest, triceps, and some muscles of shoulder too therefore it is very easy to complete 80 reps of pushup ; with these numbers you can have a good metabolism but if you are talking about strength and muscles then you need to improve a lot.
What can 30 pushups a day do?
You’ll Gain Upper-Body Strength Thirty push-ups a day will build your chest, add definition to your arms and increase your muscle mass. It’s real-life upper body strength, too, facilitating movements that range from carrying in the groceries to pushing a lawnmower.
Can you get ripped from push ups?
Originally Answered: Can you get ripped just by doing pushups ? The quick answer is no. Normal push up relies on body weight, and after a while you become strong enough to overcome the resistance. In other words, your body weight becomes too light to send signal to your body to build more chest muscles.
Are push ups harder for tall guys?
There is anecdotal evidence that indicates push ups are harder for tall people . Scientists haven’t delved deeply into whether being tall makes push – ups more difficult — but numerous anecdotes say that’s the case. Still, that doesn’t mean push – ups are a bad thing for tall people to do.
Is 35 push ups good?
These are the minimum. That said, men between the ages of 17-21 are expected to perform 35 or more push – ups while men 37-41 can do 24 repetitions and pass. Coast Guard: The minimum for men is 29 push – ups and 15 push – ups for women.
Are pull ups better than push ups?
They train different muscle groups, pushups utilise the pecs and the triceps to push , pullups use the lats and the biceps to pull . So they are more complementary than actual rivals. Pushups are much too easy and the pushing muscles are better trained with presses and bench presses.
Is 70 push ups good?
There won’t be any noticeable hypertrophy or strength gains with 70 rep push – ups . You’ll only get better at doing push – ups and gain endurance. At this point pushups have become an endurance exercise. | https://www.virginialeenlaw.com/trends/often-asked-how-many-pushups-can-the-average-man-do.html |
The ANR launches in collaboration with the ERA-NET JPcofuND 2 a joint call to support multinational, collaborative research projects addressing the Personalised Medicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases. More than €30 million have already been earmarked by JPND member countries and the European Commission for this action.
The present call is supported by 24 member countries: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey and United Kingdom.
The aim of the call is to finance ambitious, innovative, multinational and multidisciplinary projects that address precision medicine approaches for the neurodegenerative diseases.
Neurodegenerative diseases are debilitating and still largely untreatable conditions. They are characterised by a large variability in their origins, mechanisms and clinical expression. When searching for a medical solution, e.g. a treatment or an optimised approach for care, this large variability constitutes a major hurdle if not controlled. Indeed a treatment addressing one disease pathway may not be useful for all patients experiencing the relevant symptoms. Thus, one of the greatest challenges for treating neurodegenerative diseases is the deciphering of this variability.
JPND has chosen to focus in the area of Precision Medicine, which relates to the targeting of specific elements responsible for pathology in a given individual at a particular point in time. It is an emerging approach for disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment that takes into account individual variability in genes, biological/molecular characteristics together with environmental and lifestyle factors.
Thus, the upcoming call for multidisciplinary research proposals conducted by JPND and the European Commission will focus on Precision Medicine in the following research areas:
The following neurodegenerative diseases are included in the call:
Proposals should have novel, ambitious aims and ideas combined with well-structured work plans and clearly defined objectives deliverable within three years. Where proposals are complementary to work funded or applied for under other initiatives, this should be indicated, so that it is clear how any work supported by JPND will add value. Each consortium should have the critical mass to achieve the identified scientific goals and the proposals should specify the added value of working together. Applicants should demonstrate that they have the expertise and range of skills required to conduct the research project or that appropriate collaborations are in place. The value that will be added to ongoing national activities and the expected impact on future medical as well as health and social care for people suffering from neurodegenerative diseases should be explicitly stated.
Ethically appropriate access to and synergistic usage of resources, e.g. data from patients and health care providers or existing population and disease-specific cohorts and registries, is expected. To increase added value, data, tools and resources being generated within the research projects should be made widely available in the public domain, taking into account national and international legal and ethical requirements. Access must be provided to other bona fide research groups. Consortia are strongly advised to define arrangements to deal with this issue across countries, while preserving integrity of study subjects.
Proposals should address socio-economic factors, gender-related research questions and comorbidities, where appropriate. Consortia should incorporate these factors when formulating their research hypotheses, aims and work plans. Cross-cultural issues and diversity, should be taken into account, particularly when developing and implementing instruments and intervention strategies.
Selected projects can be funded for a duration up to three years. Funding is expected to start end 2019.
It is strongly recommended that all applicants thoroughly read the information provided above. | https://anr.fr/en/call-for-proposals-details/call/joint-translational-call-for-multinational-research-projects-on-personalised-medicine-for-neurodege/ |
Chennai: A new research has found that Earth’s ice is melting faster today than in the mid-1990s, as climate change nudges global temperatures ever higher.
Altogether, an estimated 28 trillion metric tons of ice have melted away from the world’s sea ice, ice sheets and glaciers since the mid-1990s.
The study published in the journal, The Cryosphere, stated that annually, the melt rate is now about 57 per cent faster than it was three decades ago.
“It was a surprise to see such a large increase in just 30 years,” said co-author Thomas Slater, a glaciologist at Leeds University in Britain.
While the situation is clear to those depending on mountain glaciers for drinking water, or relying on winter sea ice to protect coastal homes from storms, the world’s ice melt has begun to grab attention far from frozen regions, Slater noted.
Aside from being captivated by the beauty of polar regions, “people do recognise that, although the ice is far away, the effects of the melting will be felt by them,” he said.
The melting of land ice on Antarctica, Greenland and mountain glaciers added enough water to the ocean during the three-decade time period to raise the average global sea level by 3.5 centimeters. Ice loss from mountain glaciers accounted for 22 percent of the annual ice loss totals, which is noteworthy considering it accounts for only about one per cent of all land ice atop land, Slater said.
Across the Arctic, sea ice is also shrinking to new summertime lows. Last year saw the second-lowest sea ice extent in more than 40 years of satellite monitoring. As sea ice vanishes, it exposes dark water which absorbs solar radiation, rather than reflecting it back out of the atmosphere. This phenomenon, known as Arctic amplification, boosts regional temperatures even further.
The global atmospheric temperature has risen by about 1.1 degrees Celsius since pre-industrial times. But in the Arctic, the warming rate has been more than twice the global average in the last 30 years.
Calculating even an estimated ice loss total from the world’s glaciers, ice sheets and polar seas is a really interesting approach, and one that’s actually quite needed, said geologist Gabriel Wolken with the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys. | https://newstodaynet.com/index.php/2021/01/26/the-earth-is-melting-how/ |
The 21st century is upon us and certainly, it is a time of opportunity for women globally. Over the years, the landscape for women has changed immensely so women today have more to do but so little time to do it. Simply put, with so much happening, it is very much impossible to do it all. Women empowerment simply is the process in which women elaborate and recreate what it is they can be and accomplish, a position that they were previously denied1.
So then, what is happening? Why is women empowerment not happening on a mass scale? Or even if it is happening why are we still having women victimization in today’s time and age?
On January 19, 2019, NAAC youth and College Division took to the streets and proudly participated in the Women’s March in Washington, D.C in an attempt to uplift the voices of all the Black Women. Dozens of NAACP members from the Hampton University, Old Dominion University, Norfolk State University, Morgan State University and more bussed into the Washington, D.C. to join together and ensure that the Black Woman’s agenda was included on the agenda for women’s rights.
Families today are increasingly becoming reliant upon working mothers as the breadwinners and over the past four decades, there have been dramatic changes in how both men and women navigate their workplace responsibilities, family needs, and personal lives. While both economic and social changes have created this new reality, political certitudes have shaped the struggles seen in so many families2.
Could it be that our nation’s lawmakers have failed to enact policies that effectively address today’s world challenges? One of the biggest challenges facing working women today is the lack of policy solutions in part- because most of them are the primary caregivers of the family and over time, the challenges they face at work and at home compound setting them back economically.
NAACP Chapter President, Amari Fennoy, spoke at the Rally following the march alongside D.C. Branch Vice President Rev. Dr. Charlette Stokes Manning. The President highlighted ways in which we can implement real change in each other lives and ways to protect and fight for all women3.
Networks like Black Live Matters have been there and even though the activist group serves a wider interest, much of its campaigns have been based on women. The organization began almost by accident and over the years, it has impacted radical changes4.
Research shows that an approximate $17 trillion could be added to the global economy if women had the same opportunity and access to jobs and income as men. Also, when given the chance to raise their voice, it has been proved that children become much healthier, lives become more stable and societies become more peaceful. Yet, even with this understanding, oppressive cultural traditions, limited access to education and financial services keep them from thriving.
By addressing the long-standing and an ongoing gender disparity in access to benefits; a beef up in family support systems such as the universal child care, paid sick days, paid family and medical leaves, combating unemployment and empowering employees to fight discrimination, the policymakers could substantially improve women live and build economic security.
Promoting security for women and their families can only be done by ensuring that every woman can earn a fair day’s pay. More so, we need to create institutions that support families at their most basic level and not as they imagine them to be. | https://thepowerisnow.com/naacp-youth-college-division-participated-in-womens-march-to-empower-and-uplift-voice-of-black-women/ |
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a quick change cutting cylinder arrangement for letter envelope and hygiene machines, where the cutting cylinder is bolted to a left and a right bearing unit in a form-locking manner.
In paper converting and hygiene machines, i.e. machines which produce articles such as sanitary napkins, disposable diapers, handkerchiefs, table napkins, etc., it is often necessary to change certain cylinders, particularly those cylinders which depend on format when that format is changed. In this connection, it is necessary, on the one hand, that each cylinder run exactly true by reason of a qualitatively good bearing support and, on the other hand, that it can be exchanged with another with a minimum expenditure of time and labor.
2. Description of the Prior Art
It is known to equip cylinders of this type, particularly cutting and formatting cylinders, with cylindrical bearing journals on both sides, on which anti-friction radial bearings and possibly vacuum air control valves are disposed and secured axially. To ensure that such cylinders run free of play and radial imbalance, pretensioning bearings are arranged on the bearing journals axially beside the main bearings serving to take up the bearing forces. The bearing play of the main bearings is pushed out here by pretensioning forces to one side by means of the pretensioning bearings; see DE-OS No. 27 50 530 and DE-OS No. 29 12 458. The possibility to change cylinders results from the fact that the main bearings of the cylinders are received at divided bearing positions.
Cylinder bearings of this type have economic as well as technical disadvantages. The main bearings and the pretensioning bearings are part of the supply schedule of the cylinders, although the cylinders, being cutting and formatting cylinders, are parts subject to wear. If repairs on a cylinder are required, for instance for regrinding a cutting cylinder, the old main and pretensioning bearings must be pulled off before such reconditioning can begin and must be replaced by new bearings when the work is completed. This increases the cost of reconditioning work considerably. Since the main and pretensioning bearings are arranged axially side by side on the respective cylinder journal on the end face, the cylinder is bent by the pretensioning force which causes a torque by means of the lever arm of the distance from the main and pretensioning bearing. A further disadvantage resides also in that the divided support positions which, first, provide no exact and accurate seating of the cylinder bearings and, second, do not permit a rapid exchange of cylinders. In addition, the overall length of the cylinder is increased since the main and pretensioning bearings as well as usually a vacuum air valve on one side are arranged on their journal at the end face. This is reflected in higher material and manufacturing costs.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to develop a precision cylinder bearing system which permits a rapid exchange of cylinders and avoids the described disadvantages of the state of the art.
According to the present invention, this object, as well as others which will hereinafter become apparent, is accomplished by providing a cutting cylinder at both its end faces with coaxially arranged conical cylinder journals having an axial and centered internal thread, and each of the two bearing units with axially pretensioned precision anti- friction bearings without axial and radial bearing play, the bearing units being held movably on a common parallel guide. Each bearing unit is equipped on its rotating shaft with an internal cone for the form-locking reception of the corresponding conical cylinder journal. Each rotating shaft has a central through bore, through which a bolt threadably engages the cylinder with its corresponding conical cylinder journals fitted into the internal cone of the rotating shaft to form an integral unit, coaxially with the bearing unit.
In order to maintain the overall length of the cylinder as small as possible and to facilitate the replacement of cylinders, the cone shapes are realized as short and steep cones. The anti-friction bearings used in the bearing units are angular-contact ball bearings which, in running, develop little heat even in the pretensioned condition. For exact guidance, the bearing units are held movably on a dove-tail slide by means of fast-acting clamping devices.
The advantages achieved with the present invention are, in particular, that the bearing units with their parallel guide are part of the basic equipment of the paper converting or the hygiene machine and, since anti- friction bearings are not part of the supply schedule of the cylinders, the cylinders become simpler, and being parts subject to wear and can be reconditioned more easily.
It is equally advantageous that the overall length and weight are reduced, thus facilitating the replacement of cylinders in conjunction with the conical receptacles at the end faces and shortening the change- over time considerably. A further advantage is that the bearing units are equipped with axially pretensioned angular-contact ball bearings, which give the bearing system very great radial and axial stiffness, scarcely produce heating in the bearings and allow no radial or axial bearing play to develop. The assembled cylinder forms a solid rigid unit with the bearing units and the dove-tail guide.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will be described and understood more readily when considered together with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a front elevational schematic view of the cylinder bearing support and quick change device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational schematic view of the cylinder bearing support and quick change device with the guide shown in cross section; and
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a bearing unit according to the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Now turning to the drawings, there is shown in FIG. 1 a complete cylinder bearing support and quick change arrangement according to the present invention. As can be seen, cylinder 3 is arranged between bearing units 1 and 1' and is received at its conical cylinder journals 2 and 2' at its end faces by the bearing units in a form-locking and rotatable manner. The cylinder is firmly bolted to the bearing units by means of bolts 18 (see also FIG. 3). Rotary motion is transmitted from the paper converting or hygiene machine by drive elements (not shown) to cylinder 3 via drive flange 24 and rotating shafts 5 and 5'. Bearing units 1 and 1', which are bolted to cylinder 3, are held movably on common parallel guide 4 by their fast-acting clamping devices 11 and 11'.
The central arrangement of bolt 18 relative to cylinder 3 and shaft 5 and the design of parallel guide 4 as a dove-tail slide can be seen clearly in FIG. 2.
The design of bearing unit 1' is seen clearly in FIG. 3. As can be seen, bearing housing 21 is fastened on parallel guide 4 by means of fast- acting clamping device 11'. Shaft 5' is supported rotatably by means of the angular-contact ball bearings 10 and 10' in such a manner that the center of shaft 5' extends parallel to and aligned with parallel guide 4. Angular-contact ball bearings 10 and 10' are clamped together with their outer rings by means of labyrinth covers 15 and 16 and a spacer bushing 13 and are thereby locked in bearing housing 21. Rotating shaft 5' is axially clamped by means of shoulder 25, spacer ring 12 and self-locking slot nut 14 to the angular-contact ball bearings 10 and 10'. Bearing unit 1' is axially sealed by labyrinth ring 19 and labyrinth washer 20 which are centrally supported on rotating shaft 5' and nested in labyrinth covers 15 and 16. Conical cylinder journal 2' of cylinder 3 is received with its external cone 9 in the internal cone 8 of rotating shaft 5' in a form-locking manner and threadingly receives by means of internal thread 6 bolt 18 passing through central bore 7 of shaft 5'. Cylinder journal 2' is centered in bore 22 of cylinder 3 and bolted to the end face of cylinder 3 by means of bolts 23.
Positioning pin 17 serves to ensure that the internal cone 8 of rotating shaft 5' and the external cone 9 of cylinder journal 2' are always secured together in the same relative position to one another.
It is understood that the foregoing general and detailed descriptions are explanatory of the present invention and are not to be interpreted as restrictive of the scope of the following claims. | |
2019 is fast approaching and it promises to be a year of intense economic change. With Brexit drawing ever closer, UK businesses are still unclear as to the impact it will have on them.
Alongside this, the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), which describes the advancement in fields such as artificial intelligence, robotics, nanotechnology, 3-D printing and biotechnology, looks set to continue reshaping the way we work, live and play.
With so much political and economic ambiguity ahead, organisations are already unsure as to the impact upcoming changes will have on their workforce. Firms such as PricewaterhouseCoopers have not moved their stance from early 2018 that Brexit will result in redundancies, and, with studies finding that 35% of the British workforce are in roles considered at high risk due to automation, businesses must look for uncomplicated, cost-effective ways to support their people through 2019.
Although the plan hasn’t been finalised at the time of writing, the UK leaving the EU looks to be the likeliest outcome.
Some organisations are already feeling the pressure of a weaker pound and future uncertainty. The negotiations that are currently taking place are already influencing the nature of workforce planning into 2019, with organisations positioning themselves to respond with as much agility as possible to the UK’s expected departure from the EU in March.
The CIPD is recommending that organisations take a proactive approach to preparing for possible Brexit outcomes through methodical workforce planning, understanding more about where the risks and opportunities are going to come from and how they can ensure they have the resources to respond.
PricewaterhouseCoopers reinforce this, stating “Without complete clarity until after the Brexit negotiation process, scenario planning now puts your business in a position to take charge, adapt, grab new opportunities and take full advantage of whatever the ‘new normal’ turns out to be”.
First coined by Klaus Schwab in 2016, it is almost impossible to predict the ultimate impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which is already affecting the ways in which we work, live and play.
The underlying basis for the 4IR lies in developments in communication and connectivity, and these advances will continue to connect billions of people to the web, drastically changing businesses and organisations. As well as this, huge advancements in robotics and automation are plainly making waves across all industries, resulting in workforce uncertainty.
We are already seeing the human impact and workforce restructure caused by these advancements. From professional services, such as accountancy and law, through to retail and manufacturing, organisations are reviewing the way they integrate technology, which in some cases is leading to a significant reorganisation of workforce. This may result in redundancies as new technology is implemented, or in the need for recruitment of staff with up to date expertise in new systems and processes.
Whether affected by uncertainty surrounding Brexit or changes resulting from the Fourth Industrial Revolution, It is imperative that organisations review the support that they provide to individuals to help them transition effectively if their role is made redundant. Whether the transition be an internal redeployment or an external move, organisations will reap the benefits of supporting staff in the short term with a more flexible and engaged workforce, and in the long term through increased employer brand recognition. | https://renovo.uk.com/preparing-for-workforce-change-in-2019/ |
ESA celebrates Unispace+50
Next week, ESA will join the international community at UNISPACE+50 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the first United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space and highlight past and future Agency activities in support of the UN’s space-related actions.
UNISPACE+50 will run from 18–21 June at the Vienna International Centre, bringing together the international community, and reflecting on the past and future of space activities around the world. It will be a chance to assess results following the three prior UNISPACE conferences, held in 1968, 1982 and 1999, and consider how the future course of global space cooperation can benefit everyone on Earth.
While it will be a celebration of five decades’ achievement in space, the multi-track event also aims to shape the UN’s comprehensive ‘Space2030’ agenda. ESA experts will join global partners in providing knowledge and inspiration for this crucial document as we look to a future where sustainable use of space can help with sustainability on Earth.
The Space2030 agenda will map out how spaceflight and space-related activities can help achieve the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), addressing overarching, long-term development concerns, through the peaceful exploration and uses of outer space. The SDGs were adopted in 2015 and cover a wide range of topics, from health and wellbeing, to protection of the environment and gender equality.
ESA and UN goals
ESA is at the service of its Member States as members of the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) with the provision of coordination support activities and the supply of technical expertise. ESA actively implements UN space treaties, principles and guidelines and shares best practices in the area of long-term sustainable use of outer space.
Over the past few years, a new focus was placed on the Sustainable Development Goals and the mapping of Agency programmes and activities relevant to these SDGs.
UN Sustainable Development Goals
At UNISPACE+50, the ESA Director General, Jan Wörner, looks forward to opportunities to work closely with the UN Office of Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) and international partners to bring forward greater tangible benefits for sustainable development out of the investments of ESA Member States in programmes and activities.
ESA participation in UNISPACE+50
Director General Wörner will take part in the UNISPACE+50 symposium, 18-19 June, along with national leaders and government ministers, European and international lawmakers, astronauts, scientists and policy experts.
The Director General will join a special high-level panel together with other heads of space agencies, and will sign a new joint statement on cooperation between ESA and UNOOSA on SDGs and capacity building.
Concurrently, specialists from the Agency will take part in a series of panels, sessions and meetings, ensuring that ESA expertise supports UNISPACE+50 and the Space2030 agenda.
Paolo Nespoli with Astro Pi Ed and Izzy in the Columbus module
ESA astronaut Paolo Nespoli will present a flag representing the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals that he took with him to the International Space Station in 2017 to showcase the many contributions of space towards the SDGs.
On 20 June, the crew of the International Space Station including ESA astronaut Alexander Gerst is scheduled to hold a special space-to-ground in-flight call to celebrate UNISPACE+50 starting at 16:05 CEST, which will be webcast live via NASA TV.
UNISPACE+50 will comprise two main parts: the symposium, aimed at the broader space community, on 18 and 19 June; and a special high-level segment of the 61st session of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) on 20 and 21 June. These will be followed by the regular 61st COPUOS session running from 22–29 June.
A UNISPACE+50 exhibition involving some 40 exhibitors including ESA will be held in the Rotunda of the Vienna International Centre from 18–23 June. The exhibition will be open to the public on Saturday, 23 June, from 09:00 to 12:30 CEST.
Updates on the Sustainable Development Goals and from ESA participation at UNISPACE+50 will be shared via ESA social media channels including the @SpaceforEarth, @ESA_EO and @esa twitter channels, and via the ESA Facebook page. | |
Contact Person:
Irene Capozzi
E-mail:
Objectives
The overall objective of the project is to set up a centre of social innovation of integrated and sustainable paths of individual and collective empowerment, as well as artistic-cultural expression, managed in a self-sustainable way through the involvement of local young people, which – starting from a network at local level – will extend by exchanging good practices at international level.
Rise-Lab’s specific goals:
- Redevelopment of a property confiscated from mafia through social inclusion practices, with socio-educational and cultural interventions, and active participation of local young people.
- Implementation of economically sustainable activities over time, with the employment of young people, especially young women.
- Redevelopment of the district and Sicilian territory – by means of international exchanges – based on the re-appropriation of physical and intellectual areas, involving the expression of creativity and solidarity.
Activities
Following the renovation of the property, spaces will be set up to carry out the activities: an exhibition room and a workshop room.
The exhibition room will be equipped with a path regarding mankind’s potential, providing inspiration for young people’s personal growth. The structure of the room will be flexible, so as to create different paths for individuals and groups, including interactive ones.
The workshop room is intended to stimulate the five senses in a process of discovering one’s own potential and developing all transversal skills. Non-formal education techniques will be employed, CEIPES expertise, along with pedagogical learning tools, such as didactic games (designed during an ad hoc workshop) and sensory tools of various kinds.
In addition, a theoretical and practical workshop on murals will be held, in which a group of young people will be followed from the conception to the realisation of one or more murals inside the Rise – Lab and in the “Uditore” district.
Results
Result 1: Increase in the exploitation and use of the property confiscated from the mafia, guaranteeing its own accessibility and use by the community also by people with disabilities, allowing a redevelopment of the neighborhood in which it is located and an opening of the territory to all citizens.
Result 2: Development of youth entrepreneurship and empowerment of young people, in the employed people as well as in the direct beneficiaries, especially young people aged 16 to 30 years.
Result 3: Expansion of the local and international network, especially that of confiscated properties and of redeveloped public goods, strengthening of the circuit and the cultural and educational offer of the city through the involvement of young people.
It is also expected to have a strong impact on the families of the young people involved, on their peers with whom they will act as multipliers, on the livability and enhancement of the whole neighborhood and a strong awareness in general regarding the potential of young people, accessibility for people with disabilities and their empowerment. | https://ceipes.org/project/rise-lab-network-for-inclusion-development-and-empowerment/ |
Parents and Parenting: There are set steps and procedures for parents to follow when administering time-outs. This makes parenting easier.
Parents and Parenting: Parents state the amount of time the child must stay in time-out. Parents remain calm.
1. Parents tell the child briefly (two sentences or less) that the consequence for a specific (be very specific) behavior will be time-out.
2. Parents remain calm while saying this.
"Chris, move away from your sister. If you touch your sister again, even accidentally, you will have time-out."
3. When a child breaks a rule that he/she knows has time-out consequences, parents don’t argue and don’t negotiate. They quickly and concisely remind the child of the rule and its consequences, then send him/her immediately to the time-out location.
"Timeout Chris. I warned you what would happen if you touched her again. Go to your room now for nine minutes." Chris is nine-years old.
Chris yells, "It’s not fair. Rachel stuck out her tongue at me. You let her get away with everything. It’s not fair. It’s not fairrrr. You love her more than me."
4. Parents state the amount of time the child must stay in time-out while reminding him that if he/she is not calm at the end of the time-out, the time will be extended until he is calm.
"Chris, go to your room. You must stay there until you have been calm for nine minutes. If you calm down now, you will be out in nine minutes."
Parents Tip: Remember to offer children an alternate acceptable behavior that they can use the next time they are in the same situation.
Parents should ask themselves this question: What is an acceptable behavior in your family when one child taunts another?
1. Telling you? 2. Asking his sister to stop? 3. Laughing at his sister?
More information about parents and parenting.
Additional information about parents and parenting.
When Do Parents Use Time-Outs for Parenting Discipline?
How Do Parents Track Time for Children in Time-Out?
What Are the Best Time-Out Locations for Parents to Choose?
Review Ready Bed with easily inflatable mattresses for visiting kids’, kids’ visits to other homes. It is a popular gift with boy’s or girl’s favorite characters and a good incentive to nap!!.
CyberParent Recommended Reading for More Information or Educational Entertainment: These Books and Visuals Are Classics in Their Fields.
Note: The opinions expressed herein areexclusively those of the writers and do not necessarily reflect the position ofCyberParent. They are not intended to take the place of advice of a health orother professional whose expertise you might need to seek. | https://cyberparent.com/parent/parenting-timeouts-procedures/ |
I invite you to consider how you will demonstrate your trust in God throughout your lives. What will you do to show God that you trust Him above everything else—above your own wisdom and especially above the wisdom of the world?
Seven Suggestions
An important part of being self-aware is to understand how we influence for good or ill others around us by how we act, speak, and respond.
Bridling Mammon: Harnessing the Power of Money in the Service of Virtue
To avoid money’s corrupting influence, we must love only God and our fellowman and embrace only virtue as the defining and motivating force in our lives.
Where There Is No Vision
"Never be satisfied with where you are. Always be reaching out to make the world a better place, to make your sacrifice for the benefit of your fellowmen."
On Giving and Getting
In life's constant opportunities for giving and getting, let us be more concerned with giving. Nothing worth getting comes without effort and sacrifice.
We Have to Pay the Price
We should strive to be an uncommon people, a people who are willing to pay the price of discipleship regardless of the world's attitudes.
The Power of Self-Control
Rising crime and falling expectations are evidence of the need for greater self-control. Be willing to give up what you want now for what you want most.
Whither Shall We Go?
The power of choice is within you. The roads are clearly marked: one offering animal existence, the other life abundant…
We Can Have Self Control
The scriptural story of Sampson teaches us that when we lose self-control and try to create our own rules, the consequences can be devastating. | https://speeches.byu.edu/topics/self-discipline/ |
Starting a business is one of the challenges that needs to be handled with care and prudence. The idea of being an entrepreneurship excites almost everyone. But only those get ahead who are ready to learn things as soon as possible and embrace the challenges no matter what they are. The book “Journey of Perseverance” by Priyambada Mishra, which is divided in to eight sections is an intricately written book on entrepreneurship and its dynamics. The author has written about how one can learn through different phases of life to become an entrepreneur. The title signifies the key to become successful: Perseverance.
The author has shared an insight on what does it take to become an entrepreneur in detail in “Journey of Perseverance.” The first section of the book is about ideation and business model. In this section, the author has written about how one can develop an idea to start a business. She talks about significant questions like why it is necessary to have a vision for the business and how a vision for a business can be set. This is more or less the main idea in the first chapter of this section. Mishra shares what are the factors that keep a person going and what stops them. Vision drives an entrepreneur to work beyond his capabilities and achieve the goals. Fear of Rejection stops many people to take an action towards their dream of becoming an entrepreneur. One way or the other, the author highlights that even if the road may seem a difficult one to walk on, perseverance is what can help a person to get close to their goals and achieve them.
Mishra talks about one of the most crucial things that goes into the making of a business, the vision statement. She says that the vision statement must be designed very carefully for the business as it is an important aspect for the business. The canvas for business and the value proposition of the business must be prepared with caution. Planning must be very strategic in nature and an entrepreneur must set high expectations from oneself so that the business grows rapidly. The second section of the book is about market selection. The author has written about predatory research, power of targeting, power of positioning, creative influence, and psychology in this section of the book in detail.
The third section is about ideal communication model. This section is about swot analysis, market analysis, customer profiling, content strategy, content planning and scheduling. This section is practical and thus is an exciting to be read for those who are genuinely interested in entrepreneurship.
The fourth section of the book is about branding methodology. This section is
about brand designing, brand creation, brand positioning and everything related to brand. Branding is very important nowadays for each and every business.
The fifth section of the book is about breakthrough milestone. This section is about storytelling, insight, challenges, need tactics and such aspects of an entrepreneurship.
The sixth section of the book is about choreographic act. This section is about creating a concept, creating a plot and theme, practicing before performing and such related aspects of business.
The seventh section of the book is about evolving this time. This section is about adapting to changes easily, craving for changes, transformation, mindset and such aspects of being an entrepreneur.
The eighth and the final section of the book is about prediction of life design. This section is about identity, legacy, existence and such aspects of business.
Entrepreneurship is all about perseverance and thus the author has selected an appropriate title. As the book is written in detailed manner, it may seem lengthy to be read for many. But the manner in which Priyambada Mishra constructs and develops “Journey of Perseverance makes the readers forget this fact. The author has written the book in a language can be understood by all readers. The book is for those who are genuinely interested in being an entrepreneur.
“Journey of Perseverance” is a detailed discussion of how one must act to become an entrepreneur. Since one has to think in a way before they act, in that manner the book is a no less than a guide. Anyone reading the book can get an idea about how things must be done but the consequences may vary from situation to situation and hence the book is not an exclusive guide for an entrepreneurship. It can show the direction but the one who wants to become an entrepreneur will have to make decisions on their own. The book is also about the knowledge of marketing and market research and thus it can be read by marketers of new age. Marketing has varied aspects and is an interesting subject to be read as its implications are present in almost all the fields. | http://www.theliteraturetimes.com/journey-of-perseverance-by-priyambada-mishra-book-review/ |
Economics classes explore the cost benefits and drawbacks of using biodiesel to run school buses, as well as the environmental impact. They also explore ideas for improving this important mode of transportation. This resource is well-designed, with clear standards, instructions, and assessment; however, the topic may not resonate with high school young scholars.
Young scholars consider the significance of literacy. In this service learning lesson, students analyze statistics concerning literacy and take action by volunteering at their local library to promote literacy.
Students examine the technology of hybrid vehicles and the claims made on their behalf. Upon further exploration, they research and decide which cars, hybrid or non-hybrid, might perform best under various circumstances. | https://www.lessonplanet.com/teachers/the-future-of-the-school-bus |
B. González López-Valcárcel INTRODUCTION This chapter focuses on the issue of co-payment, which occurs in insurance environments when insurer and insured share the payment of the price of the medicine. Using this as our central axis, we begin by addressing certain conceptual aspects, including the various forms, formulas and personal extension of co-payment, in the first section, and in the second section we go on to make a comparison between co-payment in insurance markets and in compulsory public insurance systems. In the third section we analyse expected effects from a microeconomic perspective, and we discuss to what extent the neoclassical microeconomic theory of demand is applicable to the case of pharmaceuticals. We explore the effects of co-payment on consumption and expenditure, and how it is shared between user and insurer, but also the possible effects on the health of individuals and populations. Equity considerations are inevitably raised in this analysis. The elements on which the analysis hinges in this section are: price and income elasticities of demand for pharmaceuticals; the role of the doctor as an inducer of demand; consumer sovereignty; discontinuities in demand functions; and other notable exceptions to the classical marginalist theory of demand. These exceptions require special microeconometric models and methods. The following section deals with international experiences with copayment, both from the regulatory viewpoint (comparative legislation) and on the basis of empirical evidence on elasticities and effects experienced in the wake of reforms that have been implemented or resulting from ‘quasi-natural’ experiments. In...
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Your library may not have purchased all subject areas. If you are authenticated and think you should have access to this title, please contact your librarian. | https://www.elgaronline.com/abstract/9781845420888.00016.xml?rskey=tmRYP8&result=1 |
Q:
Analysis of a combinatorial game with prime numbers
Many years ago, a coworker showed me a programming problem involving a combinatorial game with prime numbers that he had gotten somewhere or other. (For some reason, he refused to tell me the source.) Actually it is an infinite family of games, depending on an integer $N \ge 2.$ The first player names some prime $p_1 \le N.$ Then the second player names some prime $p_1 <p_2 \le p_1+N.$ The game continues in this manner. Whenever a player names a prime $p_k,$ his opponent must name a prime $p_k <p_{k+1}\le p_k+N.$ The first player who is unable to name a prime loses. Of course, we assume that the players have unlimited tables of the primes available.
The programming problem is to write a function that will take $N$ as input and produce as output the prime that the first player should say on his first move in order to win, or $0$ if there is no such prime. It's easy to see what the optimum strategy is. Let $\pi_1$ be the smallest prime such that $\pi_1+k \text{ is composite } k=1,2,\cdots,N.$ Then the player who names $\pi_1$ wins. Then then $\pi_2$ be that largest prime such that $\pi_2 <\pi_1-N.$ Then the player who names $\pi_2$ wins. However, this is completely impractical, because even for rather small values of $N,$ $\pi_1$ is enormous.
Another friend and I solved the problem by starting from $2$ and going forward, rather than trying to go backwards from $\pi_1.$ For each prime $p$, we pretend that the goal of the game is to name $p$ and we label $p$ with the first move necessary to name it. For $p\le N,$ the label is just $p$. Then working through the primes, we label each $p$ with the label of the largest prime less than $p-N$. So for example, if $N=23,$ we label the primes up through $23$ with themselves, and then we label $29$ with the label of the largest prime less than $29-23,$ that is $5.$ Then we label $31$ with $7$ and $37$ with $13$. Later on, when we come to label $61,$ it gets the same label as $37,$ namely $13.$
What we find as we fill out the table is that we rather quickly get to an interval $I$ of length $N$ in which all the primes have the same label. Then this label will be the winning first move (or it will be $0$ if there is no such move.) The reason is, that in working backward from $\pi_1$ there is no way to skip over the interval $I$. $I$ must contain a winning prime, and while we don't know what it is, we know its label.
I found this solution very satisfying, and have always looked back on it fondly, but it has always bothered me that we have only empirical evidence that it works well. I recently wrote a program to compute the value up to $N=10,001$ and the the largest prime encountered was $2,030,647,991.$ According to the Wikipedia article on prime gaps, the largest known maximal gap as of October $2017$ is $1510$, occurring after the prime $6,787,988,999,657,777,797.$ This would be the $\pi_1$ value for $N=1509,$ for which my program only needed to go up to $6,307,507.$
My question is, does anybody know how to bound the largest prime that this algorithm would require to compute the first move for $N$? I would be interested in any kind of of result, including a heuristic "probabilistic" argument.
By the way, if you want to program this yourself, note that it's only necessary to compute the values for the odd numbers. A little thought shows that the winning first moves for $N=2n+1$ and $N=2n$ will be the same, except that if the winning first move when $N=2n+1$ is $N,$ then $N=2n$ is a loss for the first player, and if $N=2n+1$ is a loss for the first player, then the winning first move in $N=2n$ is $2.$
EDIT
Results for $N\le 100:$
2 0 11
3 3 11
4 0 29
5 5 29
6 5 79
7 5 79
8 7 127
9 7 127
10 7 97
11 7 97
12 7 127
13 7 127
14 7 149
15 7 149
16 13 127
17 13 127
18 3 173
19 3 173
20 13 307
21 13 307
22 13 787
23 13 787
24 23 191
25 23 191
26 23 1009
27 23 1009
28 23 367
29 23 367
30 13 787
31 13 787
32 31 1361
33 31 1361
34 23 1361
35 23 1361
36 31 1361
37 31 1361
38 13 907
39 13 907
40 29 853
41 29 853
42 0 1361
43 43 1361
44 19 1031
45 19 1031
46 31 2437
47 31 2437
48 37 1423
49 37 1423
50 7 1151
51 7 1151
52 29 1277
53 29 1277
54 53 1361
55 53 1361
56 19 4327
57 19 4327
58 13 3433
59 13 3433
60 47 2333
61 47 2333
62 3 5381
63 3 5381
64 61 1693
65 61 1693
66 31 4127
67 31 4127
68 67 1811
69 67 1811
70 17 2999
71 17 2999
72 13 2027
73 13 2027
74 37 2609
75 37 2609
76 31 2371
77 31 2371
78 31 1361
79 31 1361
80 2 8263
81 0 8263
82 0 8263
83 83 8263
84 79 12889
85 79 12889
86 47 4547
87 47 4547
88 19 4001
89 19 4001
90 37 10007
91 37 10007
92 83 3407
93 83 3407
94 5 5623
95 5 5623
96 83 7283
97 83 7283
98 89 4441
99 89 4441
100 37 8501
The first number is $N,$ the second number is the winning move (or $0$) the third is the largest prime used in the calculation.
A:
Yeah, but I based the coefficient guess on the largest prime observed up to $N$ and $2526959$ for $N=997$ or $3658283$ for $N=1138$ are more or less in line with my bet :-).
They have to vary widely because what is actually predicted is not an asymptotics but a distribution (i.e. $c$ is technically not a constant but a random variable with some limiting distribution that may be quite a headache to discern).
Here is the computation. The primes in $[0,M]$ are like random integers where any particular integer is picked independently with probability $p=(\log M)^{-1}$. Now we take a pair of primes separated by $\approx N$ near the end and ask if they have the same label. Let the distance between them be $a$. Go back by $N$ and see by how much the primes they refer to for their labeling are separated. The observation is that that separation changes by a random amount that is typically of order $p^{-1}$ and changes up or down are (about) equally likely. If we go back to $N$, we restart the game. Otherwise we have a random walk with steps like $\log M$ that moves on $[0,N]$. If we hit $0$, the labels get the same. So we want to know how soon we hit $0$ under such circumstances. The typical time is of order $(N/\log M)^2$ (assuming no drift, which seems correct at least in the "mittelspiel" when $a$ is far from both $0$ and $N$). Each step consumes $N$ units of the real space, whence the typical largest used prime should satisfy $M\asymp N^3/(\log^2 M)$, which is pretty much the same as I tried to predict.
This isn't worth a worn penny, of course, as far as the original problem is concerned because the very first assumption that primes are just random points is too naive to make an attempt to convert the rest of the argument into something more rigorous than the crude order of magnitude count worth anything, though if somebody wants to investigate the probabilistic version of the game just for the fun of it, it can make a fairly decent project. But you asked and I answered :-)
Edit This is to answer the two questions that saulspatz asked.
1) You have two "random primes" $p,q$ with $q-p=a$ and you are looking at their reference primes $p'<p-N,q'<q-N$. If $a$ is not too small, the distance from $p'$ to $p-N$ is a random variable $X$ essentially independent of and equidistributed with the distance $Y$ from $q'$ to $q-N$ (just look at what sites determine it and take into account that the stretch of length much more than $\log M\ll a$ free of random primes is highly unlikely), so $a$ changes to $a+X-Y$ but $X-Y$ is almost perfectly symmetric and the typical values of $X$ and $Y$ are about $\log M$, so their difference is of the same size. That's where the random walk approximation comes from.
2) You have a random walk on $[0,N]$ with typical step $\log M$ and resetting if you hit $N$. The question is how soon you hit $0$. If you think a bit, you'll realize that it is very close to asking how soon an unrestricted random walk starting at $0$ hits $N$ or $-N$. You do not need to remember much, just the general idea that after $Q$ steps you are typically about $\sqrt Q$ times the step length away, so if you want to be $R$ step lengths away, the typical time for that is $R^2$. The more careful computation (for which you need to formalize the word "typical" to "mean", "median", or something else) seems like a waste of time anyway (because the model itself is rather crude to start with), so I stopped where I stopped without trying to make any predictions about the distribution of $c$, etc. Also my impression was that the prediction of the rough order of magnitude with some simple (or, if you prefer, simplistic) explanation of why it should be so that fits the data decently is what you were primarily interested in. :-).
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For the second year, Joelson will be hosting the Fashion Law Short Course in partnership with Fashion Education Group.
The course has been developed for Fashion and Law Students, Legal Professionals, Fashion Designers, Managers, Professionals and Entrepreneurs who are actively seeking to develop their knowledge on legal issues that influence the fashion industry and businesses.
The course will equip participants with the necessary tools and resources to effectively overcome challenges within the business environment. Thus, allowing a solid foundation to be built and providing the ability to be successful and thrive. | https://joelsonlaw.com/1-oct-3-dec-fashion-law-course-2019/ |
The primary mechanism and arrhythmia seen in sudden cardiac arrest.
Organized electrical activity and synchronized mechanical pumping activity are absent.
The electrocardiogram shows a chaotic, wavy baseline. If ventricular fibrillation is not terminated rapidly with defibrillation, blood flow to the brain is cut off, causing brain damage.
Untreated ventricular fibrillation leads to death. | https://wordinfo.info/results/ventricular%20fibrillation |
What Is Environmental Geography?
Environmental geography is an aspect of geography that delves into the relationship, including the social, economic and spatial interconnections, between people and their environments. The impact of these human processes on natural systems and the possible solutions to address key environmental issues are some of the fields of interest of environmental geography.
Traditionally, geography is mainly considered as the scientific study of various places on Earth. However, the modernistic view not only includes the designations of the natural and artificial landforms on the planet, but also human demography, economic activities, cultural and historical development, social organizations and climates. The interactions between these major elements provide a better understanding on how humans directly or indirectly shape the environment. | https://www.reference.com/science/environmental-geography-fa7a3524474a0526 |
The midst of a global pandemic is not exactly an ideal time to assume the role of CEO, but Christian Bering was one of the first employees at Denmark’s Holo, a leading provider of autonomous mobility in Europe, so he knew his way around the company.
Holo was founded in 2016 as a new innovative part of the Semler Group, the largest automotive company in Denmark. Semler had previously invested in Local Motors, the U.S. start-up best know for Oli, its self-driving shuttle. Bering took over as CEO in the summer of 2020.
“At that time we were called Autonomous Mobility. In the summer of 2019, we decided to change our name to Holo, which reflects that the company works towards more than just a future with autonomous transportation. Our goal is to move mobility forward, and we want to work towards a more sustainable future with easier ways of moving people and goods around,” Bering tells Auto Futures.
“During these last four years, our dedicated employees have made Holo the leading operator of autonomous technology in Europe. We have done this by implementing pilot projects with autonomous shuttles in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Estonia.”
Besides deploying autonomous vehicles on the streets, it has developed the Holo Platform which consists of a number of different features, including a cross-platform app for end-users, a real-time portal for monitoring of data from vehicles, and data analysis tools to optimise autonomous operations.
Alongside a number of partners, Holo has been testing its services in different locations in Scandinavia, including the Norwegian capital.
“The project in Oslo was a project divided into three phases, taking place in three different areas of Oslo. The project was a collaboration between Oslo Municipality, the Norwegian Public Roads Administration, Ruter, and Holo, and ran with autonomous shuttles driving from May 2019 until the end of 2020.”
“The goal of this project was to introduce autonomous technology to the end-user, and at the same time learn about customer needs. We also wanted to contribute to the push for implementing new and innovative mobility services,” explains Bering.
A new pilot, in the Norwegian town of Ski, involves testing a control tower that acts as a remote human assistance and monitoring unit for a fleet of vehicles.
“Our supervisors can track the operations and assist with troubleshooting from a distance. This means that, by communicating with the operator in the vehicle, they can work together to find the issue that might occur during daily operations,” says Bering.
Testing AVs in Harsh Weather Conditions
One of the challenges for AVs is how to function during extreme weather conditions such as heavy snow or rain which can disturb the functionality of LiDARs.
“They detect the rain/snow as unknown objects which causes the shuttles to stop. It is important to underline that this is mostly an issue on days with heavy rain and not the regular rainy days, which we also have quite a few of here in Scandinavia.”
“The effect of weather conditions on autonomous vehicles is also part of our new project in Ski. There we are testing a new generation of autonomous vehicles that are better suited for the conditions in Scandinavia,” adds Bering.
Like many AV operators, the Covid-19 pandemic created some changes and challenges for Holo.
“Due to the restrictions and recommendations from health authorities, we haven’t been able to have as many passengers as we would like. But on the more positive side, this period of time has also shown us, and the world, the need for better mobility solutions, which works to our advantage.”
“This is especially true regarding drones in the healthcare sector, but as well for a future where a vehicle might drive without a driver, who is exposed, as they have been for the last several months,” he says.
Since 2019, Holo has also been working towards implementing drones into the healthcare sector with its HealthDrone project.
changing mobility is not something that happens overnight. But changes in urban mobility are needed.
Despite being a long-term employee of Holo, Bering has only been CEO for a short time. He outlined his plans for the company, which include delivering the next generation of vehicles and self-driving technology.
“Hopefully, I will build more partnerships with different vendors who can find Holo’s experience and know-how useful. I feel comfortable that my prior experience within technology, and me being a part of Holo as one of the first, can help me shape the future of Holo and an autonomous future.”
Finally, we asked Bering for this thoughts on what mobility will look like by the end of the decade. He said it’s extremely hard to predict.
“If I have learned anything from working at Holo the last three years, it is that changing mobility is not something that happens overnight. But changes in urban mobility are needed. Most urban areas in Europe are struggling with the same issues regarding congestion, the lack of space, and pollution. Therefore we will see new technology paving the way for changes. And I expect autonomous vehicles to be an important part of the change that is needed.”
“In 2030 we will most likely see cities that in specific areas only allow autonomous vehicles, public transportation, or shared solutions, all using sustainable energy. I also expect that drones will be a part of urban mobility. Freight first but soon after people transportation as well. And hopefully, Holo can be a key player in urban mobility solutions needed in 2030,” he concludes. | https://www.autofutures.tv/2021/02/02/testing-autonomous-technology-in-even-the-harshest-weather-holos-ceo-christian-bering/ |
An interesting question that sometimes emerges for teams using XP practices is whether Testers (should you be lucky enough to have them) are Customers or Developers. There is a slight catch in the question itself. Customer and Developer are roles, not jobs, or people. A person can adopt either role. However a person should not adopt both roles at the same time. That said there is a clear distinction between the activities performed by the two roles which might best be defined as Customer determines ‘what’ and Developer determines ‘how’.
In XP Customers define the requirements (in the form of user stories and supporting detail), prioritize stories, and participate in functional testing. The Customer defines scenarios which verify that the story is ‘done, done’. In contrast Developers provide estimates and build the solution that passes the acceptance tests. Crossing the streams – Customers indicating how they want something built or Developers defining what to build always ends in a loss of the insights each specialism provides and should be avoided. Trying to decide how and what at the same time also leads to poor solutions. Often as the requirement is built around a proposed, often non-optimal solution, obscuring the true need. Other times we try to automate existing process based of manual or legacy practices over defining what the need is. Try to seperate defining what from how.
With this understanding testers naturally fit within the Customer role – because they work on defining tests for what the system does and have responsibility for confirming them. This means that for testers, understanding the domain of the system-under-test becomes a key responsibility to help them fulfill their role.
I see a bit of a growing meme that the red step in Test Driven Development‘s (TDD) red-green-refactor cycle means that your test will not compile because there is no code to implement it yet.
The red step is necessary because of the possibility that your test itself has an error in it. We face something of a chicken-and egg problem with a test. We understand that we should write a test before writing code, but we cannot write a test before writing our test code with hitting a recursion issue. So we say that we write a test before writing any production code. However, our test code is a valuable as production code, so we need to prove its correctness too.
By making sure that when our test fails as expected. The four phase test model (setup, exercise, verify, teardown) and the arrange-act-assert pattern all say the same thing – put the system is a known state, exercise the change we are testing, and verify the new state of the application. So by stubbing the operation under test to put the application into an invalid state after it is called, we cann prove that our test will fail. This check of the test itself makes the bar go red in our Test Runner. Hence the ‘red’ name for this step.
A corollary to this is that you should author your tests so that you can simply prove success-failure of the test. Tests that have conditional logic for example are bad tests – you should know what your test is doing. So getting a red step to fail easily is generally also a good marker that we are indeed testing a unit. If getting a red is really hard, there is probably an architectural smell.
There is a temptation to skip the red phase and go straight to getting to green. The risk here is that you have a false positive – your test would always pass. Kent Beck talks about the model of driving in a different gear when doing TDD. Skipping the red phase can work if you feel able to drive in a high gear – the road ahead is straight, wide open and flat and you want to eat miles as fast as you can. However as soon as you hit a steep downhill gradient, bends or traffic, you need to shift down again. Usually the indicator here would be that you find your tests would probably always have succeeded when you get to green. However, having regularly encountered mistakes in my tests using the red step I would avoid driving in high gear without thinking about it.
But remember red is not ‘fails to compile’ it is ‘test fails as expected’. | http://codebetter.com/iancooper/?page=2 |
Overview
Our world-class Engineering research is enhanced by a vibrant community of UK and International Postgraduate Researchers who have access to support and focused training provided in collaboration with the NTU Doctoral School. The work of the Subject Area benefits from high-tech facilities, and from our extensive national and international collaborations. We have strong partnerships with industry, and these collaborations help with the commercial exploitation of our innovative research to produce economic impact and benefits for society.
The Research is very well supported by a range of UK, EU and International funding sources including:
Research Councils
Knowledge Transfer Partnerships and Technology Programmes
Charities
Professional Societies and Institutions
SMEs
Global Companies.
The Imaging, Materials, Engineering and Computational (iMEC) Research Centre consists of four Research Groups:
The Imaging and Sensing research group encompasses world-leading research in techniques that include X-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, optical coherence tomography as well as plasmonics, imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, photonics, near-field acoustic holography, vibrometry, and liquid/solid interface science..
Advanced Materials is a group that investigates, develops and designs materials for a diverse range of applications using the breadth of the sciences in its discipline mix. These include electronic and photonic materials, bio-functional/ derived and inspired materials and multi-functional materials synthesis and properties, nanotechnologies.
Human Performance and Experience is a newly formed group that will focus on how engineering can improve the function of individuals by an improved and optimised environment as well as by enhancing human physiology. This incorporates research in biomechanical engineering, ergonomic design, sports engineering and biomimetics. The innovative aspects of this group in utilising engineering, design and ergonomics aim to make this a unique feature of the Research Centre. The work involves design of vehicles, sports apparel, medical devices and will grow as new staff are recruited to join and expand this group.
The Computation and Simulation research group activity consists of finite element analysis, computational fluid dynamics, bioinformatics applications to engineering, theoretical chemistry The group is fundamental, as the modelling of non-biological and biological systems from cells to organs underpins a range of projects and areas in the School and Institution, complementing the research in Bioinformatics (Biomedical Sciences Research Centre). It is a key area in the Department of Engineering and the recruitment of Simpson, who has strong links with ANSYS, a world leader in finite element modelling and computational fluid dynamics, is expected to lead to development of new computational modelling packages for bespoke applications.
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We read fiction about people who are destined to be together. We watch films and yearn for that perfect romance. It makes us wonder what happens when you meet your soulmate. Do they ever descend into real life from the world of fantasy? Well, we believe, they do. When that happens and you cross paths with your soulmate, you experience an emotional and spiritual connection with them, which is unlike anything you’ve ever felt before.
Now let’s not get carried away by the thought – it’s a magical connection written in the stars; it’ll happen when it’s meant to be. Even after you cross paths with your soulmate, you discover each other, you go through the stages of falling in love (lust, attraction, attachment), and you work on it to sustain the relationship.
Then, what happens when you meet your soulmate that is so special? To speak in the simplest form, you feel complete, you feel at home. You grow together and feel drawn to their charm and personality in a non-codependent way.
How Do You Know Someone Is Your Soulmate? 5 Signs
A soulmate connection blossoms when you have explored the whole nine yards of yourself and are ready to see a relationship as an opportunity for mutual growth and respect without any power imbalance. James, one of our readers from Springfield, sounded real concerned, “What if I have already met my soulmate and didn’t recognize them?” To be honest, the odds of that are low.
When you meet your soulmate for the first time, it will make you feel like you have known them since the beginning of time. No matter what difficult experiences life has put you through, this person has the magic feather to soothe you. Everything seems to fall right into place and life becomes a much more effortless journey. We have jotted down 5 sure-fire signs for you to know if someone is your soulmate:
1. Your instincts tell you so
Researchers now believe that intuition is more than just a feeling. It helps us make faster and better decisions and be confident about the choices we make. So, when that strong gut feeling keeps telling you that this person could be the ‘special someone’, trust it.
The internet is flooded with soulmate tests and quizzes. But the best way to go about it is to believe in your instincts. Don’t rack your brain over what will happen when you meet your soulmate. Because the spontaneity, mutual respect and empathy, and fiery chemistry will all indicate one thing, that you have met your soulmate.
2. There is a telepathic connection
The overwhelming, profound bonding you experience when you meet your soulmate for the first time is another sign you have found ‘the one’. Since it is an attachment between two souls, you don’t have to be with them physically to feel their presence. You will observe undeniable signs of telepathic connection with your partner everywhere.
Your unspoken thoughts and ideas will be just in sync and you will be surprised to see how you complete each other’s sentences in perfect harmony. The urge to be around them all the time will be hard to tame. Those extremely vivid telepathic dreams featuring this person will send you every hint to recognize your soulmate.
Related Reading: Connect With Your Partner On A Deeper Level
3. They make you feel calm and complete
They are called your soul’s mate for a reason. Simply talking to them can brighten up an otherwise bad day. The comfort, the sense of security, and the inner calmness you experience around them are very new and feel good. You will notice fewer disagreements and more common ground.
Even if there are differences, they will be mature enough to understand your individual opinions and accept you with all your good parts and eccentricities. Your soulmate will compensate for the things you consider to be your inherent weakness. In a way, you both will complement each other like two balancing halves of the Yin and Yang.
4. You find an equal partnership
You know what happens when you meet your soulmate? You learn more about empathy and being a giver in a relationship rather than focusing only on your own needs. We believe it’s the best part about stumbling on your soulmate – no relationship power struggle, no insecurity, just a sacred bond between two equal partners. Yes, there will be fights, but in most cases, it will be a fight FOR the relationship instead of two partners being pitted against each other.
5. You are each other’s biggest cheerleaders
The fact that nearly 73% of Americans believe in soulmates (according to the Marist poll) shows that the majority of us still long for a partnership that has its foundation rooted in a pure connection. That’s exactly what a soulmate connection offers you. You will find your soulmate by your side through thick and thin.
They will have your back no matter how adverse a situation you are going through. And when you succeed, they become the happiest person on earth. You won’t think twice before laying bare your most vulnerable and rawest side to them. In a sweet and supportive way, soulmates challenge each other to explore their highest potential and that’s your cue to identify your partner for life.
13 Incredible Things That Happen When You Meet Your Soulmate
When Olivia turned 29 this June, she almost gave up on love and the idea that there is one special person for everyone. Until Mr. Right walked in and changed her perspective toward love and the way of the world. To know there is someone who would choose you over anyone or anything else and keep choosing for the rest of your lives is bliss. But there is no predetermined timeline to meet your soulmate.
You can meet them in your 50s and start a fresh chapter. Or it could be your high school sweetheart whom you eventually marry and spend your life with. No matter what age, incredible things will happen when you meet your soulmate. Things you never imagined can happen in a relationship and your personal life. But what are these things? We tell you with this detailed lowdown on what happens when you meet your soulmate:
1. You are on top of the world
To be on the top of someone’s priority list – that sentence has a nice ring to it, doesn’t it? Most of us yearn to find that one person our whole lives who would put us above everyone else. The day you finally come across your soulmate, you realize it’s more gratifying than you could have ever imagined.
When your soulmate touches you (and we are not talking only about physical touch), there will be a dopamine rush through your body. The level of oxytocin, or the cuddle hormone as it is called, jumps up giving you a warm and fuzzy feeling. An all-consuming feeling of love gets a grasp over your senses and you fall head over heels for them.
2. With them, things fall right into place
Matthew, a young banker from Newark, tells us his soulmate story, “I have always wondered what will happen when you meet your soulmate? Will they come like a storm and change your life forever? Then I met Sarah, who came into my life, not like a raging storm but a soothing cool breeze. I knew it was not about chaos; meeting your soulmate is about peace and harmony – it’s like the perfectly fitting pieces of a jigsaw puzzle.
“I excelled at my job, became closer to my family, and it seemed everything was happening around me just when it was supposed to be.” I am sure Matthew’s experience will resonate with you if you have come in touch with the person who could potentially be your soulmate. The journey of life runs through a bumpy road. While it’s never meant to be an adventure with no obstacles, the companionship of your soulmate could make it a lot easier.
Related Reading: 10 Signs From The Universe That Love Is Coming Your Way
3. Aren’t you smiling a little too much?
As we promised, incredible things happen when you meet your soulmate. You are living with a thousand butterflies in your stomach. No wonder the very thought of this person’s existence makes you all giddy and content. You wish you could breach the distance and be in their arms every second of every day.
Isn’t it like you are almost addicted to them? Well, this is definitely one of those rare addictions that are truly beneficial for your mental health. You are in an everlasting good mood, with that wide grin plastered on your face. So much so that your friend might tease you seeing you so wildly happy. Plus, it’s scientifically proven the more you smile, the less you stress. So, knowingly or unknowingly, your soulmate makes this world a merrier place for you.
4. You discover a new zeal for life
You know what happens when you meet your soulmate? You have a newfound zest for life which, in turn, makes you a better human being. I mean, have you ever felt so alive before? Every morning, you wake up with a bag full of motivation as if you can take the world and paint it red. All your goals and dreams seem clearer and easily achievable.
Since you have this intense desire to do something remarkable and make your soulmate think highly of you, it gives you a different level of energy. You feel more confident. And now that you are assured a loving person has got your back, no task feels daunting anymore. You can shoot for the moon and it won’t scare you for a moment.
5. Communication becomes a cakewalk
Ah, here comes another trademark sign that you are in close proximity to your soulmate – the spontaneous flow of communication. When you meet your soulmate for the first time, they already come across as a familiar face, as if you have known them forever. It’s like an eternal bond and you just know that you two are meant to be together.
There is hardly any chance of bad communication in your relationship given how seamlessly you can cultivate emotional intimacy in a soulmate relationship. Remember, we talked about a telepathic connection between soulmates? That was not just a romantic anecdote. You can read each other’s minds and talk with your eyes without uttering a single word. Far-fetched as it may sound right now, wait for the right person to show up and you will see it for yourself.
6. The stubborn relationship insecurities vanish slowly
Let me tell you about another healing effect of such a connection in case you are wondering what will happen when you meet your soulmate. The relationship insecurities that you have been fostering all these years will finally begin to crumble in front of the power of love. You will be able to open up about your darkest secrets and innermost emotions and not feel judged. The urge to snoop around to see whether your partner is cheating on you will dissipate.
Meeting your soulmate could be a cure to that crippling fear of abandonment. My friend, Sam, has been a spitting image of Chandler Bing for as long as I’ve known him. He was petrified of commitment. Two years into dating Megan and he is looking for the perfect ring for her. Because that’s what soulmates do, they offer you a safe space, a home you have always been looking for.
Related Reading: 12 Tips To Get Over Commitment Issues
7. Your skin nearly melts when your soulmate touches you
Didn’t we relate when Ellie Goulding said, “Every inch of your skin is a holy grail I’ve got to find”? That’s the kind of passion you experience when your soulmate touches you. Yes, they will set your heart on fire, and at the same time, the closeness will fill you with a relaxing, calm sensation.
Your libido notwithstanding, the lovemaking is going to be unforgettable because there is every sign of a spiritual connection between you two. The chemistry will be all the more intense. And the heavenly pleasure you experience won’t be solely limited to sexual or physical satisfaction.
8. You can handle conflicts better
What happens when you meet your soulmate is that, with a constant support system by your side, you become extremely proficient in dealing with conflicts (both internal and external). Whether it’s a professional hazard or a financial matter, you get over the stumbling blocks with a lot more ease and finesse. And if you ever fall short on your own, you can always turn to your partner for support.
Many of our readers asked a valid question, “Do soulmates ever fight?” To that, we think, this Reddit user’s answer makes perfect sense, “We disagree and have had arguments where we get mad but we don’t yell or storm off or stop talking to each other when this happens. We talk about it like rational adults and nobody leaves until we solve the problem. He often has to push and prod to actually get me to talk, but in the end, it always works out.”
9. All your other relationships improve
As we talk about the consequences of meeting your soulmate, let’s spend a few minutes on the wholesome impact this person has on your relationships. Their way of showing affection and love plants a seed of empathy in you making you much more considerate toward other people’s emotions. As a matter of fact, a soulmate’s influence can help you fix many broken bonds.
I can vouch for that since I am now capable of nurturing a healthier relationship with my parents, thanks to the love of my life. Earlier, I used to place my parents on a godly pedestal and expected them to be flawless at all times. Naturally, I misunderstood them on many occasions. It was my soulmate who made me realize even our parents are normal human beings like us with their own unresolved issues, which lead them to act irrationally at times. So, tell me, do you have a similar story to share?
10. You are ready to go the extra mile for them
It’s your unconditional love for them that encourages you to do things you never would have done otherwise. You explore new genres of movies and music they like, you go on adventures that scared you before. Did you ever think you would be able to sit through that tiring documentary on architecture? Yet you did because you wanted to spend time with your soulmate.
You would plan cute surprises and buy their favorite PlayStation just to see the smile on their face. If you think about it, it’s actually a two-way road. Taking a genuine interest in their interests and passions broadens your knowledge and perception. As long as this effort is mutual, you would not get worn out of ‘giving’ and that’s what happens when you meet your soulmate.
Related Reading: 12 Clear Signs You Are Infatuated And Not In Love
11. Your outlook toward love and life changes
With all these feel-good hormones flooding your brain, your entire outlook toward life changes. You become this positive, life-affirming person who finds a silver lining in any distress. You will be amazed to see the energy and confidence you have acquired.
You may find that everyday mundane incidents intrigue you now. Your growth and productivity levels will soar. With the meaningful gestures of appreciation and gratitude from your soulmate to encourage you, you will feel more motivated than ever before to take good care of yourself and everyone around you.
12. There are no secrets between the two of you
What happens when you meet your soulmate is that there is no place for secrecy or half-truths in your relationship. From day one, your partnership is built on a strong foundation of truth and honesty. A soulmate connection creates such a compassionate, tender, and safe space that the thought of lying to each other never crosses your mind.
Trust issues have no place in a deep soul connection. Mrs. Smith, a college professor, married her soulmate 30 springs back. She shares her pearls of wisdom with our readers, “If s/he is truly your soulmate, you wouldn’t have to ask them to prove their loyalty. Their words and actions will speak for themselves, giving you enough reasons to have blind faith in your partner’s intentions.”
13. You witness magic in real life!
Believe it or not, incredible things will happen when you meet your soulmate. Your relationship will flow like a mountain brook. You will face rough patches like any other romantic couple. Just the way you handle the hardship and move past it would be exceptional. Love, affection, respect, support, friendship – you don’t expect to find it all in one person. But if you ever do, chances are that you have finally met your soulmate. And once you have, there is no looking back or second guessing your choice for a second.
Key Pointers
- You will be elated at all times and feel like the most important person in the world
- Everything in your life will take place seamlessly
- You would find a new zest for life and become a more positive and empathetic person
- When you meet your soulmate, you will have an honest, mature relationship based on mutual understanding
- The physical chemistry with your soulmate would be on fire
Now that you are well-versed in what happens when you meet your soulmate, let’s introduce a realistic aspect of the concept of soulmates. An article published by The Gottman Institute suggests that fate may play a role in connecting you with that special someone. But ultimately it’s YOU who creates the compatibility to sustain a long-term relationship.
While there is the attraction and a strong sense of familiarity, you still have to gather knowledge to make sure they share the same goals and dreams as you, take part in your happiness, and accept you for who you are. If this person happens to be a blessing in your life and brings a turning point to your dating trajectory, nothing like it. Hold on to them forever. We wish you a fairytale ending! | https://www.bonobology.com/what-happens-when-you-meet-your-soulmate/ |
When straightening your hair, first make sure that your hair is completely dry. Then, section your hair off starting from the back/nape using a comb. Straighten your hair starting from the roots and working your way down to the ends using your comb as your guide. Make sure not to leave the straightening iron in one spot for more than 3 seconds. For more information about straightening techniques click here.
Using the corner of your comb and standing in front of a mirror find the middle of your right eye and then drag the comb straight up slowly until you reach your hairline and then continue back in a straight manner to achieve an even right part. A side part is great for longer face shapes because it creates the illusion of width.
Pick up a small selection of hair from your mid section no bigger than your tail comb. Place your comb at the roots and then comb up and down until the hair is standing up by itself. Continue to the crown and finish at the sides. Repeat this step if you require more volume.
Apply wax to your fingertips then drag through your bangs, sweeping the hair to the left as you go. Pinching the ends will create soft texture.
Apply some wax to your fingertips and then pull through the ends of your hair in a downward motion to achieve a sculptured look. Pinch clumps of hair in different directions for a messier result.
Apply wax to the palms of your hands, and then starting at the top-back area, drag your hands forward, flattening your hair down as you go. For a wetter look use more wax.
Apply a very small amount of smoothing shine to the palms of your hands and then run it through the mid-lengths and ends of your hair. Be careful not to add any to the roots or a large amount to any section of the hair as smoothing shine can be very heavy on the hair, weighing it down and making it appear oily.
To finish, apply a minimal amount of hairspray from an arms length distance to the top, sides and back. Take care not to use too much or you will end up with a white, flaky residue which looks like dandruff. | https://www.thehairstyler.com/hairstyles/formal/short/straight/ciara |
Satoshi Nakamoto created Bitcoin in 2008, and he made the network very strong as a distributed, peer to peer model which is maintained without any intermediaries. Since then many digital currencies are created, which follow the same system where all nodes are sharing same information (same copy of Block chain) and any node can communicate with any other node safely across the network, knowing that they are displaying same data.
Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) is one of the most difficult challenges faced by the Block chain technology. All the participants of the cryptocurrency network need to agree, or give consensus regularly about the current state of the block chain. At least (2/3) two thirds or more reliable and honest nodes in the network make it a reliable network. If more than half of the nodes act maliciously, then the system has to face the 51% attack, which is discussed in a separate article.
The concept of Byzantine Fault Tolerance in a cryptocurrency is the feature of reaching an agreement or consensus about particular blocks based on the proof of work, even when some nodes are failing to respond or giving out malicious values to misguide the network. The main objective of BFT is to safeguard the system even when there are some faulty nodes. This will also help to reduce the influence of faulty nodes.
The concept of Byzantine Fault Tolerance is derived from the Byzantine Generals’ problem which was explained in 1982, by Leslie Lamport, Robert Shostak and Marshall Please in a paper at Microsoft Research.
Imagine that several divisions of the Byzantine army are camped outside an enemy city, each division commanded by its own general. The generals can communicate with one another only by messenger. After observing the enemy, they must decide upon a common plan of action. However, some of the generals may be traitors, trying to prevent the loyal generals from reaching an agreement. The generals must decide on when to attack the city, but they need a strong majority of their army to attack at the same time. The generals must have an algorithm to guarantee that (a) all loyal generals decide upon the same plan of action, and (b) a small number of traitors cannot cause the loyal generals to adopt a bad plan. The loyal generals will all do what the algorithm says they should, but the traitors may do anything they wish. The algorithm must guarantee condition (a) regardless of what the traitors do. The loyal generals should not only reach agreement, but should agree upon a reasonable plan.
In a peer to peer network, consensus is achieved through a unanimous agreement of the loyal and non-faulty nodes. The basis of Byzantine Fault Tolerance is achieved when an incoming message is repeated by all the nodes. If a node is repeating the incoming message, that means it is not faulty or malicious. If all the recipients repeat the incoming message, the network rules out the issue of Byzantine nodes.
A Byzantine node is the tyrant node which can lie or intentionally mislead other nodes of the network, and also the nodes which are involved in a consensus protocol. As such the protocol should rise above the illicit intervention by the malicious nodes and should operate perfectly, despite these Byzantine nodes.
There can be two categories of Byzantine Failures –
There is genuinely a technical error in the node and it stops working or responding.
The other one is Arbitrary Node Failure. In case of arbitrary node failure, the node may fail to return a result or deliberately respond a misleading result. It may also throw a different result to the different parts of the system to mislead the system.
Byzantine Fault Tolerance is the way of overcoming these challenges by the Cryptocurrency Network. | https://www.tutorialspoint.com/what-is-byzantine-fault-tolerance |
Virtual Organization for Innovative Conceptual Engineering Design (VOICED) is a virtual organization that promotes innovation in engineering design. This project is the collaborative work of researchers at five universities across the United States, and is funded by the National Science Foundation. The goal of this virtual organization is to facilitate the sharing of design information between often geographically dispersed engineers and designers through the use of a robust and sophisticated design repository. Additionally, functional data can be mapped to historical failure data and possible components to create a conceptual design.
The end goal is to turn VOICED into a tool that allows engineers to create conceptual designs based on archived designs and detect failures in those design through an open design repository (Tumer & Stone, n.d.). VOICED is a fairly new organization, being about 3–4 years old, however the concepts that underlie the organization have been under development for much longer. | https://www.liquisearch.com/voiced |
If you're feeling creative in the kitchen, why not whip up some of these Gluten Free Crumpet pizzas? They're delicious, and quick and easy to make.
Yield:
2 pizzas
Ingredients:
- 2 Warburtons Gluten Free Crumpets
- 2 tbs crushed tomatoes or GF pizza sauce
- 4 mini mozzarella balls
- few slices GF pepperoni (narrow/small slices work best)
- few slices red chilli
- Alternative toppings:
- tom sauce, mozz, green pepper, black olives
- roasted pepper bruschetta topping, mozz, black pepper
- any of your favourite toppings that don’t need much time cooking
Method:
- Heat grill
- Toast crumpets then spread with sauce
- Slice mozzarella and pepperoni and arrange on top then add a few chillies
- Pop under grill for few mins until golden and bubbling
Youtube Video URL: | http://www.warburtonsglutenfree.com/recipes/crumpet-pizzas |
Here are two of our favorite homemade pizza sauce recipes:
Hasselback Pizza Biscuits
ingredients:
- 1 (12-oz) can refrigerated flaky layers biscuits (10-count)
- 40 slices pepperoni
- 5 (1-oz) slices mozzarella cheese
- 2 Tbsp butter, melted
- 1/2 tsp Italian seasoning
instructions:
- Preheat oven to 375ºF. Lightly spray 10 cups of a regular muffin pan with cooking spray. Set aside.
- Separate biscuits into 10 individual biscuits. Cut three slits in biscuits about 1/2-inch apart.
- Cut each mozzarella slice into 16 squares.
- Stuff biscuit slits with pepperoni and mozzarella cheese squares. I used 4 slices of pepperoni and 8 cheese squares per biscuit. 1 pepperoni and 2 cheese squares in the left slit, 2 pepperoni, and 4 cheese squares in the middle slit and 1 pepperoni and 2 cheese squares in the right slit.
- Place stuffed biscuits in the prepared muffin pan.
- Bake for 18 minutes.
- Combine melted butter and Italian seasoning. Brush over cooked pizza biscuits.
MORE PIZZA RECIPES: | https://www.plainchicken.com/2019/03/hasselback-pizza-biscuits.html |
Effects of lipopolysaccharide and acclimation temperature on induced behavioral fever in juvenile Iguana iguana.
We examined the effects of acclimation temperature and two doses (2.5 and 25mgkg(-1)) of a pyrogen (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) on behavioral thermoregulation in juvenile green iguanas. Overall means of body temperatures for the three-day trial periods were compared among three groups of animals acclimated at 15, 25, and 34 degrees C. The responses of each group of animals to the two dosages of LPS and a control saline injection were examined. Within each treatment block, animals either chose high body temperatures characteristic of a fever response or chose low body temperatures characteristic of a hypothermic response. Thermoregulation was influenced by interaction effects between and among, and independent effects of, acclimation temperature, dose of LPS, and day. In some treatment blocks, individual lizard mass positively correlated with mean individual body temperature. Mean mass of lizards that chose higher body temperatures within a treatment block was higher than the mean mass of lizards that chose lower body temperatures. From these results, we concluded that LPS may induce two different behavioral thermoregulatory responses: fever or hypothermia. The actual amplitude and direction of body temperature change appears to be affected by acclimation temperature and possibly by mass or energy reserves of the animal. If the energy reserves are not sufficient to sustain the higher rate of metabolism associated with the higher body temperatures of a hyperthermic or feverish state, the animal may resort to hypothermia.
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Rock lobster fisheries throughout southern Australia show substantial fluctuations in recruitment which if not carefully monitored and managed may lead to lost opportunity and substantial loss in revenue. In Australia, larval (puerulus) collectors have been established in shallow water regions to provide early warning of future changes in abundance. These collectors are serviced either by divers (SA, Tas & Vic) or from dinghies (WA) which make them expensive to service and thus limited in their regional distribution to a few sites. For southern rock lobster there has been concern over how well the observed larval settlement represents the entire fishery as sampling sites are few and limited to the East Coast whereas the majority of catch is from deeper reefs on the South and West Coasts where no collectors are deployed. To improve our understanding of the relationship between recruitment, future catches and short and long term recruitment trends, there is a need to improve spatial (region and depth) coverage. This proposal follows on from Phase 1 which: (1) Successfully developed a deep water collector that is easily serviceable by fishers and that captures puerulus. (2) Developed an in-situ camera system that enables real time remote viewing of puerulus settlement The need is to determine the sampling strategy that will provide meaningful results to industry and managers on recruitment patterns and trends to the fishery in regions important to the fishery and currently not represented in existing monitoring programs. To meet this need, this phase aims to determine the depths, times and number/collectors of puerulus that settle in deeper water to determine the number of sites and the number of collectors per site that will provide meaningful settlement data to support management decisions.
1. To determine an appropriate and cost effective sampling strategy (number of collectors, depth and time) to enable statistically meaningful analysis of spatial and depth trends in puerulus settlement.
2. To compare shallow and deep water survey methods (e.g. diver based, fisher servicing) to establish the most cost effective methods for on-going monitoring of puerulus settlement.
Outcomes achieved to date
The outputs from this second phase of the project have led to the following outcomes:
1. A refined puerulus collector design that:
• Collects puerulus as effectively as traditional diver-serviced inshore collector systems
• Collects puerulus effectively from deep water (>50m)
• Can be easily and safely deployed, retrieved and serviced by vessels from the Tasmanian commercial lobster fleet during routine fishing operations
2. Deployments at various locations around the Tasmanian coast over 4 settlement seasons have shown that:
• Puerulus settlement is considerably lower in deeper offshore waters than in shallow inshore waters although sufficient to demonstrate major changes in recruitment.
• Puerulus settlement in deeper waters was higher in the 2016/2017 settlement season on the south coast of Tasmania than it was on the east coast
• Puerulus settlement rates in deep waters varied between recent seasons similarly to settlement in inshore waters
3. A cost-benefit analysis comparing traditional diver-based and deep-water fisher serviced puerulus collection strategies has shown that:
• Fisher-serviced is more cost-effective than diver-based methods for similar arrays of collectors
• The current fisher-serviced design is not suitable for deployment in inshore shallow exposed waters due to sedimentation from mobile sediments
• The fisher-serviced collection system developed in this project is a cost-effective way to monitor puerulus settlement in deep water
• Despite yielding lower catch rates than inshore settlement monitoring, the number of offshore collectors used in this project displayed similar temporal patterns of settlement with similar statistical power.
• Offshore collectors retain puerulus settlers similarly to inshore collectors
• Fisher-serviced puerulus monitoring would be even more cost effective if industry agreed to provide support without the requirement for financial compensation
A review of the Tasmanian puerulus program undertaken in 2008 involving government, industry and an external review identified that the current puerulus collectors were all on the East Coast (with the exception of King Island); despite the southern and western regions supporting the largest catches in the fishery. The review identified as a priority to "investigate options for collection on the west coast using boat-based collection and using the commercial fleet to reduce cost of collection".
In phase 1 of this project a design for a deep water collector was developed through consultation with industry and prototypes of this design were constructed and tested in aquaria with captured pueruli, on the seafloor adjacent to an existing inshore shallow collector site on the east coast of Tasmania, and in deep water on the south and southwest coasts of Tasmania. The prototype collectors were successfully deployed, retrieved and serviced by vessels in the commercial lobster fleet and vessel masters reported that the design facilitated safe and efficient handling on deck. The prototypes collected significantly more puerulus than adjacent routine collectors in deployments at the shallow site and collected puerulus for the first time on the deeper and more exposed southwest coast of Tasmania.
This phase 2 of the project saw deployment of a refined collector design onto reefs around Tasmania over 2 puerulus settlement seasons and provided evidence that; (1) puerulus settle in larger numbers in shallow inshore waters; (2) puerulus settlement in deeper water varies in space, time and depth around the Tasmanian coast (eg. Puerulus settlement was higher on the south coast than on the east coast in the 2016/2017 settlement season and puerulus settlement in waters deeper than 100m appears to be very low).
When deployed alongside traditional diver based collectors, the fisher-serviced puerulus collector captures and retains more puerulus than traditional diver-based methods and is more cost-effective per collector. However, refinements to the design would be required for its use in inshore puerulus monitoring due to siltation issues from mobile sediments in exposed inshore locations. | https://www.frdc.com.au/project?id=397 |
PRINCE HARRY'S relationship with Charles was strained long before he and Meghan Markle decided to leave the Royal Family according to the bombshell royal biography Finding Freedom.
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The book claims the Duke of Sussex felt Charles put the British public's opinions of him above anything else. The unofficial biography is due to be published in August, and is expected to shed light on the couple's frustrations with the palace and press.
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The biography, written by Omid Scobie and Carolyn Durand, claimed Harry had "grown frustrated" that he and Meghan "often took a back seat to other family members," including his father and brother.
Palace sources fear the book could create a bad rift between Harry, Meghan, and the Royals due to it's account of some of their grievances.
However, Meghan Markle and Prince Harry have distanced themselves from the book, saying they were not interviewed for the biography and did not make any contributions to it.
Nonetheless, tensions appeared high between the Sussexes and the rest of the Royal Family by the time Harry and Meghan announced their surprise departure in January.
Harry's relationship with Charles was said to be strained before he and Meghan decided to leave (Image: GETTY)
The book claimed Harry had 'grown frustrated' that he and Meghan 'often took a back seat to other family members' (Image: PA)
The move was not discussed with the palace beforehand, making it a shock to both the public and other royals.
Now, an extract of the biography, serialised this weekend by The Times has said just why these tensions and frustrations grew in the lead up to the royal split.
The book said: "Increasingly Harry had grown frustrated that he and Meghan often took a back seat to other family members.
"While they both respected the hierarchy of the institution, it was difficult when they wanted to focus on a project and were told that a more senior ranking family member, be it Prince William or Prince Charles, had an initiative or tour being announced at the same time — so they would just have to wait."
Related articles
The book claims the Duke of Sussex felt Charles put the British public's opinions of him above anything else (Image: EMPICS)
Biographers say Charles was always going to include Harry and Meghan in the future of the Royal Family, even if it was cut down in size.
The Prince of Wales is even said to have told the couple so.
However, the text explains that feelings were hurt when Harry and Meghan didn't tell the Firm when they were developing their own Sussex Royal website.
The extract read: "Even sources close to Harry and Meghan had to admit that the way the couple were forced to approach the situation created a lot of ill will in the household and especially in the family”. |
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