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tunebook 45 tunes.
I live in Northern California and like to play in sessions whenever I can. This usually involves a lot of motoring.
I was introduced to Irish Traditional Music in May 2000 by a co-worker friend. Having worked with her for years, I was still totally unaware that she played the fiddle at sessions and dances. Until one day, when I substitute hosted a Saturday afternoon bluegrass show on KZYX, our local public radio station. In reading an on-air announcement promoting an upcoming local dance event I mispronounced an unfamiliar word: ‘Ceili’. My friend immediately called the station to correct my pronunciation error.
"O.K. smarty," I said to my friend, thinking her call was a tad pedantic, "how do you know?"
"I’m the fiddle player…" she replied.
Thus it begins. | https://thesession.org/members/847 |
Nuno Cruz holds a MSc. in Digital Systems Engineering from UMIST, UK, and a PhD. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Porto, in Portugal. He is currently an Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto and a Research Coordinator at the Centre for Robotics and Autonomous Systems at INESC TEC. Nuno Cruz is an Associate Editor of the IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering and has over 100 publications in journals and proceedings of international conferences. He has been involved in the development and deployment of marine robotic vehicles for more than 20 years. He has led the design of multiple autonomous vehicles at the University of Porto and INESC TEC, namely the Zarco and Gama ASVs and the MARES and TriMARES AUVs. His current research interests include the development of strategies for the efficient use of autonomous vehicles at sea, including the concept of adaptive sampling.
There are several sources of error affecting the accuracy of underwater ranging using acoustic signals. These errors have a direct impact in the performance of Long Baseline (LBL) navigation system. This paper presents the results of experiments designed to characterize the most significant sources of errors in acoustic ranging. For the experiments, we use a set of acoustic devices and compare distances given by GPS differences with and acoustic ranges. We describe the experimental procedure and we process the results to provide a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the errors.
The ability to employ autonomous vehicles to find and track the boundary between two different water masses can increase the efficiency in waterborne data collection, by concentrating measurements in the most relevant regions and capturing detailed spacial and temporal variations. In this paper we provide a guidance mechanism to enable an autonomous vehicle to find and track the steepest gradient of a scalar field in the horizontal plane. The main innovation in our approach is the mechanism to adapt the orientation of the crossings to the local curvature of the boundary, so that the vehicle can keep tracking the gradient regardless of its horizontal orientation. As an example, we show how the algorithms can be used to find and track the boundary of a dredged navigation channel, using only altimeter measurements. © 2014 IEEE.
In this paper, we investigate the creation of an underwater acoustic network to support marine operations based on static and mobile nodes. Each underwater device combines communication, networking, and sensing capabilities and cooperates with the other devices in coordinated missions. The proposed system is built upon the SUNSET framework, providing acoustic communications and networking capabilities to autonomous underwater vehicles, autonomous surface vessels, and moored systems, using underwater acoustic modems. Specific solutions have been developed and tested to control the underwater nodes acoustically and to instruct the vehicles on keeping a given formation using acoustic links. One of the novelties of our approach has been the development and utilization of a realistic simulation infrastructure to provide a very accurate representation of all the dynamic systems involved in the network, modeling the vehicle dynamics, the acoustic channel, and the communication messages. This infrastructure has been extensively used to investigate and validate the proposed solutions under different environmental conditions before the actual deployment of devices. Several experiments were then conducted in the laboratory and in the field. The experimental results have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed solutions and the reliability of the proposed simulation framework in estimating system performance.
The design of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) is governed by a complex tradeoff between mission performance and required payload sensors, and taking into account possible constraints in fabrication, assembly and operational logistics. On a commercial level, the technology is relatively mature, with several companies offering off-the-shelf AUV solutions in a wide range of sizes and performance levels, for a wide variety of operational scenarios. However, to ensure proper performance in specific applications, such broad-range systems require factory customization, with the consequent impact in time and cost. This paper describes a program for the development of underwater vehicles based on modular building blocks. In this case, modularity encompasses both physical parts and also software and control systems. These modules can be rearranged, replaced or individually redesigned to yield a great variety of AUV configurations in a relatively short time. The paper describes the development of MARES, a small hovering AUV, and also TriMARES, a custom 3-body hybrid AUV/ROV, built from the same modules in little over 6 months.
This paper describes the full development process of TriMARES, a hybrid AUV/ROV designed to fulfil the requirements of a consortium for the inspection and periodic monitoring of a large dam reservoir. The demand of robotic systems for underwater operations is growing exponentially and there are many scenarios for which the commercial solutions are not adequate. Such was the case with TriMARES, where it was possible to take advantage of previous designs to achieve a custom solution in a short time. We describe the initial requirements for the underwater system, we present the main solutions adopted for the vehicle subsystems, and we provide some data from the first in-water tests, performed only 6 months after the beginning of the project. | https://www.inesctec.pt/en/people/nuno-cruz |
Step 2: Stir in milk, honey, and butter.
Step 3: Stir in 2 cups of all-purpose flour, salt and mix until well incorporated. Add the rest of the all-purpose and whole wheat flours and stir to form rough dough.
Step 4: Allow dough to sit for 20 minutes
Step 5: Knead dough. If the dough gets sticky, add equal amounts of all-purpose flour and whole wheat flour.
Step 6: Place the kneaded dough ball into a lightly greased mixing bowl and turn over to coat. Cover with a damp cloth and allow to rise in a warm place until it has nearly doubled in size.
Step 7: Sprinkle flour on a flat, dry surface and place risen dough on the flour. Turn the dough to coat evenly with flour. Divide dough into two equal parts and allow to rest for 10 to 15 minutes.
Step 8: Shape each ball into bread loaves with taught surfaces and place each one in a lightly greased bread pan.
Step 9: Preheat the oven to 425°F.
Step 10: Allow the loaves to rise again about 30-40 minutes.
Step 11: Place loaves in the middle of the oven and immediately turn down the temperature to 375°F.
Step 12: Bake for 30-35 minutes. The tops will be dark to golden brown, and the loaves will sound hollow when tapped. | https://www.recipezazz.com/recipes/print_recipe/26677 |
“A painter paints pictures on canvas. But musicians paint their pictures on silence.”(Leopold Stokowski) Music is apart of my everyday life, and has been since the long road trips taken with my family, when my mother would blare Chicago and Hall & Oats. She would sing along and I could see how happy these songs would make her. This show of happiness, product of beats and melody, has led me to believe that music, unlike anything, has the ability to alter the moods of people.
I have loved music from the day I picked up a violin until today when I always sing my loudest in the car or at home. When I play an instrument or I sing, I feel the music on an emotional level, the music has the ability to alter my emotions from happy to sympathetic or cheery. These feelings are ones that cannot be explained, and I imagine vary from person to person, most however, still hold them near and dear to their hearts. Even on a bad day music can always cheer me up, music helps me to relax and fall into rhythm with a song, without realizing it I will find myself humming and tapping my foot along with any music.
I do not discriminate against any genre of music. My likes range from jazz to techno, from classical to R&B. The reason being that each piece of music portrays a certain feeling that human emotions can identify and I find that concept fascinating. For example, one can sense emotion in a slow songs, in song in lower notes create a sad song. For me when listening to sad songs, sad memories or struggles come to mind. Thus proving music’s power to alter the emotions in people.
During my Sophomore year, while in Choir class, my teacher read the class a story that had been passed to her. The story was about a composer who visited an assisted living home for the elderly. The composer wrote a song inspired by a war, while performing this piece a man in the audience became hysterical and was escorted from the performance. After the show the man asked to see the composer, he asked what the song was about and the composer responded saying it was a song inspired by a war. The man than began to cry and said he had been a soldier who fought in that war. The elderly man had no idea that this song had anything to do with the war, and still it brought back the feelings of a previous time, feelings enough to bring and elderly man to tears. Music is a very powerful thing and if used to it’s full potential can affect many people in ways they may not understand, like the distraught elderly man.
Music has an unbelievable power. No one knows for sure how music does it but people’s emotions can be altered by the beats and melodies in music.
Your cart is currently empty. | https://thisibelieve.org/essay/96075/ |
With the wide clinical application of 3D ultrasound (US) imaging, automatic location of fetal facial features from US volumes for navigating fetoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO) surgeries becomes possible, which plays an important role in reducing surgical risk. In this paper, we propose a feature-based method to automatically detect 3D fetal face and accurately locate key facial features without any priori knowledge or training data. The candidates of the key facial features, such as the nose, eyes, nose upper bridge and upper lip are detected by analyzing the mean and Gaussian curvatures of the facial surface. Each feature is gradually identified from the candidates by a boosting traversal scheme based on the spatial relations between each feature. In experiments, all key feature points are detected for each case, and thus a detection success rate of 100% is achieved by using 72 3D US images from a test database of 6 fetal faces in the frontal view and any pose within 15° from the frontal view, and the location error 3.18 ± 0.91 mm of the detected upper lip for all test data is obtained, which can be tolerated by the FETO surgery. Moreover, this system has a high efficiency and can detect all key facial features in about 625 ms on a quad-core 2.60 GHz computer. | https://waseda.pure.elsevier.com/ja/publications/automatic-fetal-face-detection-by-locating-fetal-facial-features- |
Calcium carbonate powder is an extremely important material both in basic research and in industry. It has been used as filler for paints, pigments, coatings, paper and plastics and can be molded by organisms into complex and beautiful shapes, such as bones, teeth and shells. Calcium carbonate powder can mainly exist in four polymorphs: calcite, vaterite, aragonite and amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), of which calcite is the most thermodynamically stable phase. The ACC phase is unstable and relatively short-lived and serves as a seed for the crystal growth of the other polymorphs. Calcite, vaterite and aragonite have typical rhombohedral, spherical and acicular morphologies (shapes) respectively. Typical morphologies of the different polymorphs of Calcium carbonate powder. The worldwide availability of CaCO3 (as limestone), its compatibility and non-toxicity to the human body make the synthesis of this material an exciting and exciting topic for scientists and researchers to study. Therefore, numerous studies have been conducted to stabilize specific polymorphs of CaCO3 in different sizes and with exotic morphologies. There are two important synthesis methods for this: the biomimetic method and the CO2 sparging method. The first method attempts to mimic nature’s ability to synthesize different shapes and sizes by using soluble organic compounds and physiological parameters. Bubbling CO2 into slaked lime is the current method of industrial synthesis. The synthesized CaCO3 particles as such have a number of beneficial properties and thus may have numerous applications in addition to their current use as filler material, e.g. catalysis, drug delivery vehicles, models for other functional materials and biosensors.. | https://www.nanorh.com/product/calcium-carbonate-powder/ |
I read that WordPress is not going to do the traditional Annual Report this year so I guess I will have to improvise and do my own review.
I thought I would first post some of the best photos from the Bad Cat Chris blog starting in January.
It was nice to see Chris and Frankie getting along
Chris is our resident lap cat.
Some days the excitement was just exhausting.
In June I changed jobs and had to say goodbye to the feral cats that I was feeding. I really miss them.
After seven years, Chris is still a biter.
Even with the addition of our kitten, Floki, I still think Frankie is our most photogenic cat.
Puck is not too happy at the vet.
One of Frankie’s many escapes in 2016. He knows I can’t catch him under vehicles.
Frankie may be photogenic but Chris knows how to be cute.
This is a rare group shot of all of our cats (at the time).
Frankie likes to stick out his tongue.
Sometimes you have to stop and smell the flowers.
On July 4th we adopted our kitten, Floki.
Six months later and Chris and Frankie are still getting along.
Floki has to get his shots at the vet and he is a bit nervous.
Chris has no problem letting me know that I am starving him.
Floki and Frankie being cute.
Floki came to our house with an eye issue and soon everyone had it.
More cuteness.
Pucks favorite spot.
Frankie the stunt cat shows off his skills.
Chris is not content with dominating just Puck.
After a “good” period, Chris shows he can still be “bad.”
Floki challenges Frankie for most photogenic.
Floki challenges Frankie for stunt cat of the house.
Here are some stats for 2016
- Our most popular post, by far, was “Are Ginger cats Friendlier.” This is amazing since I published it in 2013.
- The second most popular post is also an old one from 2014 called “Feral Cat Ear Notching.”
- The most popular post from this year was “Meet Floki, Our Newest Addition.”
- I posted 183 times in 2016, including this one.
- The most prolific commenter to the blog was Summer from Sparkle Cat, followed closely by The Island Cats, Easy Weimaraner, Ellen from 15 and Meowing, Angel Sammy from One Spoiled Cat and Genevieve from Cupcake Speaks.
- Readers come from just about every country on earth. The top country for readers is The United States followed by United Kingdom, France, Canada, Australia, Finland, Switzerland, India, South Africa and New Zealand.
That is about it for this year. I hope you have enjoyed reading about Bad Cat Chris, Puck, Frankie and Floki. I wish everyone a safe and Happy New Year and a prosperous 2017. I hope to continue to see you then. Also, if you missed it, check out my new photo blog at charleshuss.wordpress.com. | https://badcatchris.com/2016/12/31/remembering-2016/ |
Notes:
Backyard Clean Up 6:15-6:30 15 Minutes
Backyard Clean up is an activity run during the 15-minute window before practice. As it is completely centered on fun, Backyard Clean Up could fill any...Read More
Notes:
Hula Hoop Throwing 6:30-6:45 15 Minutes
Hula Hoop Throwing is a drill designed to work on basic throwing mechanics. Highlights include stepping with the opposite foot and utilizing a proper...Read More
Notes:
Warm Up Softball Tball #1 6:45-6:50 5 Minutes
Notes:
roll the ball to them and have them throw to a parent at 1st base.
Throwing Touch ‘Em All 6:50-7:00 10 Minutes
Touch 'em All is an introductory baserunning drill designed to promote field awareness and familiarity with the bases. Run early in the season for beginning...Read More
Notes:
Stations (Groups rotate halfway through block)
WATER BREAK (5min)
Baserunning Softball Tball #1 7:35-7:45 10 Minutes
Notes:
Finish Softball Tball #1 7:45-7:50 5 Minutes
Notes: | https://www.dugoutcaptain.com/practice-plan/softball-tball-1/ |
Market Conditions for 48111
January 2018
Median Sale Price
$226,000
UP UP 7.61%vs. Month Ago
Homes For Sale
52
DOWN DOWN -8.77%vs. Month Ago
Homes Sold
30
DOWN DOWN -14.28%vs. Month Ago
Average Days On Market
29
UP UP 11.53%vs. Month Ago
Median Sale Price
$226,000
The median sale price for homes in January was $226,000. The median sales price for homes in January rose by $16,000 compared to last month. This represents a 7.61% increase from December. Compared to the same month last year, the median price of homes rose by $43,100 representing a 23.56% year-over-year change.
The median sales price is the middle value of all sales occurring in the market during the past thirty days when you arrange these sales prices from lowest to highest. This is a better indicator than the average as the median does not change as much as a result of a few unusually low or high sales prices.
Homes for Sale
52
The inventory of homes for sale fell by 5 in January to 52. This represents 8.77% decrease from December when 57 homes were on the market.Compared to the same month last year when there were 95 homes for sale, the inventory of homes for sale has fallen by fallen by 43 representing a -45.26% year-over-year change.
Homes for sale represents the number of active listings on the market during the specified month as reported in the MLS system operating within the market area.
Homes Sold
30
The 30 homes sold in January was 5 less than in December. This represents a 14.28% decrease in sales from December. Compared to the same month last year, the number of homes sold decreased by 1, a -3.22% year-over-year decrease.
Homes sold is the total count of properties in the market area that have had a closed sale during the specified month as reported in the MLS systems operating within the market area.
Average Days on Market
29
The average days on market for a home sold in January (29) increased by 3 days compared to December. This represents a 11.53% increase in days on market for homes in the market from the previous month. Compared to the same month last year, the days on market for homes sold decreased by 14, a -32.55% year-over-year change.
Average Days on Market is the time period between the date when a home is listed for sale in an MLS system and the date it is sold.
Sale/List Price Ratio
97.35%
The Sale/List Price Ratio of 97.35% in January rose by 0.73% compared to December and increased 1.26% compared to the same period last year.
Sale/List Price Ratio is the sale price of a listing divided by the original list price expressed as a percentage. The Sale/List Price Ratio for the market is determined by adding the Sale/List Price Ratio for each listing sold in the market during the month and dividing by the number of listings sold during the month.
New Homes
33
The number of homes listed in January (33) rose by 7 compared to December, a 26.92% change. Compared to January 2017, the number of new listings decreased by 4, a -10.81% year-over-year change.
Newly Listed Homes are the total count of homes that have been listed within the market area during the most recent month, as reported in the MLS system(s) operating in the market area.
Median List Price
$219,990
The median list price in January was $219,990. The median list price for homes in January fell by ($19,460) compared to last month. This represents a 8.12% decrease from December. Compared to the same month last year, the median list price of homes increased $62,490 representing a 39.67% year-over-year increase.
The median list price is the middle value of all currently active listings as reported in the MLS systems in the market area when you arrange these list prices from lowest to highest. This is a better indicator than the average as the median does not change as much as a result of the existence of a few unusually low or high list prices.
IMPORTANT! PLEASE READ CAREFULLYTHE ACCURACY OF ALL INFORMATION, REGARDLESS OF SOURCE, IS NOT GUARANTEED OR WARRANTED. ALL INFORMATION SHOULD BE INDEPENDENTLY VERIFIED. Sold listing data is not available from all Multiple Listing Services.
| |
Calculate the recoil velocity of a gun having mass equal to 5 kg, if a bullet of 25 g acquires the velocity of 500 ms−1 after firing from the gun.
25 ms−1
Given, mass of bullet (m1) = 25 g = 0.025 kg
velocity of bullet before firing (u1) = 0
velocity of bullet after firing (v1)=500 ms−1
mass of gun (m2) = 5 kg
velocity of gun before firing (u2) = 0
Let velocity of gun after firing be v2
From law of conservation of momentum, m1u1+m2u2 = m1v1+m2v2
⇒ (0.025×0)+(5×0)=(0.025×500)+(5×v2)
⇒0=12.5+(5×v2)
⇒5×v2=−12.5
⇒ v2=−12.55=−2.5 ms−1
Thus, recoil velocity of gun is equal to 2.5ms−1. Here, the negative(- ve) sign shows that gun moves in the opposite direction of bullet. | https://byjus.com/question-answer/calculate-the-recoil-velocity-of-a-gun-having-mass-equal-to-5-kg-if-a-25/ |
This beautiful book brings together facts about coral reefs, an evocative narrative and breathtaking illustrations.
The story begins as a female clownfish lays hundreds of eggs at full moon. The eggs are guarded by a male clownfish, before hatching after a week. As the book progresses, we follow the life cycle of one of the baby clownfish. Starting out as a male, it forms a symbiotic relationship with a sea anemone: they each protect the other from predators, and supply each other with food. We meet the animals and coral reef plants that life alongside the clownfish, including great white sharks, barracudas, eels and countless coral reef fish. At the end of the book, our clownfish undergoes a remarkable transformation, becoming a female and laying her eggs alongside her sea anemone partner – and so the cycle begins again.
This is a timely book that is sure to stimulate discussion between parent and child about the importance of protecting our planet's ecosystems and habitats. It's an essential purchase for both school libraries and the home. Future titles in the series will focus on the following habitats: forest, desert, ocean, rainforest, river and mountain. | https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/jane-burnard/a-coral-reef-story/9780753448076 |
How can obfuscation and masking be used to ensure database security?
Project 2: Nations Behaving Badly
Start Here
Despite work that cyber management teams perform in regard to systems design, network security protocols, hardware and software maintenance, training, policies, implementation, maintenance, and monitoring, breaches can and do occur. In this project, you will work with a team of other cyber professionals to analyze and respond to anomalous network activities.
The graded submission for Project 2 is a packaged deliverable to the CISO about risk and network intrusion, to be completed as a team. The deliverable to the CISO will include the following five parts:
Cybersecurity Risk Assessment including Vulnerability Matrix
Incident Response Plan
Service-Level Agreement
FVEY Indicator Sharing Report
Final Forensic Report
The project will take 15 days to complete. After reading the scenario below, proceed to Step 1, where you will establish your team agreement plan.
The US reports data exfiltration has been detected in the IDS (intrusion detection system). All nations will perform forensic analysis and collect corroborating information to identify the bad actor.
Prior to the summit, your nation team was tasked with setting up its own independent secure comms network. Now, at 3 a.m., just hours before the summit begins, you receive a text message from your CISO that reads: “I need to meet with the team immediately about an urgent matter. Please come to the conference room next to my hotel room now so we can discuss it.”
You quickly dress and head to the conference room. When you arrive, she breaks the news to your team: The nation hosting the summit has detected data exfiltration in its IDS (intrusion detection system). It is likely that this pattern of network traffic could also result in buffer overflows or other attacks such as denial of service. Each nation’s server is at risk.
“The report shows that the pattern of network traffic is anomalous,” says the CISO. “And the point of origin is internal. Someone at the summit is involved in this.”
Given the nature of the summit, participants understand that all nations have a common goal. “None of the FVEY members would have done this,” says a colleague. “It’s got to be the Russians or the Chinese. Friends don’t read each other’s mail.”
The CISO says, “No one is above suspicion here. Our FVEY partners have been known to both collect intelligence and seek to embarrass other partners when it suited their strategic needs. It could have been anyone. Until we know for sure, though, we will continue to regard them as allies.”
Leaders of the nations at the summit agree they all need to perform forensic analysis on their respective systems to identify the bad actor.
Your CISO continues. “Let’s get to the bottom of this. We’re all familiar with data exfiltration attacks; do you think that’s part of what we’re dealing with here? Or do you think there’s more? Use our packet sniffing tools to analyze the network traffic. Additionally, we need to identify attack vectors and attributes. Give me any information you can find on the tools, techniques, and the identity of this bad actor. Also, establish an incident response plan that we can use in case of another cyber event.”
“Our systems went down due to this attack. We need to examine the service-level agreement to see what it will take to get the summit back up and running. After our analysis, we need to quickly let our allies know how to protect their networks through an indicator sharing report.
“Remember, no one is above suspicion—not even our allies. Got it?”
Everyone nods in agreement. The CISO says, “Good. Now get to work. I’m going to try to go back to sleep for a few hours.”
When you submit your project, your work will be evaluated using the competencies listed below. You can use the list below to self-check your work before submission.
Project 2: Nations Behaving Badly
Step 1: Establish Team Agreement Plan
As a part of your nation team, an agreement needs to be established in order to work efficiently on each project. Begin by revisiting your current team agreement document, which includes a suggested schedule for project completion. Update your team agreement with roles and assignments for this project. Your team will use this document as a guide to establish a plan for completing and submitting the group tasks. When you have completed the plan, resubmit it for review in the dropbox below.
In the next step, you will identify attack vectors.
Step 2: Identify Attack Vectors
You and your nation state have just suffered an intrusion attack. As a cybersecurity professional, one of the first steps is to identify potential attack vectors. For each known cybersecurity vulnerability and known threats (addressing cybersecurity threats through risk management, international cybersecurity approaches, you and your team members need to identify attack vectors via information systems hardware, information systems software, operating systems (operating system fundamentals, operating system protections), telecommunications (internet governance), and human factors (intrusion motives/hacker psychology). Then, you must determine if any attribution is known for the threat actor most likely involved in exploiting each weakness.
Review the materials on attack vectors if a refresher is needed. Once you’ve identified the attack vectors in this step, you will be able to participate in the next step, in which you will discuss your findings with colleagues and compare the findings with their analyses.
Step 3: Discuss Attack Vectors and Known Attribution
In light of your research in the last step, you will now use your group’s discussion board to share your thoughts with other members of your nation team. Review the findings of classmates in your group, noting points of agreement or disagreement, asking critical questions, and making suggestions for improvement or further research.
You should research incidents of known attribution of the hackers and actors who employ the attack vectors previously discussed by your group. This step provides a variety of options and perspectives for your group to consider when drafting the Attack Vector and Attribution Analysis in the next step.
This step also provides the foundation for research into known attribution, which will help you to discern the motivation for intrusion as well as the identity of the hackers and actors who employ the attack vectors noted.
Step 4: Analyze Attack Vectors and Known Attribution
You’ve discussed attack vectors and attribution with your nation state team members. In this step, your group will prepare an Attack Vector and Attribution Analysis of your group’s findings in the previous steps. The analysis should first identify all possible attack vectors via hardware, software, operating systems, telecommunications, and human factors. Next, you should discuss whether attribution is known for the threat actor (hackers and actors) likely involved in exploiting each weakness. Integrate supporting research via in-text citations and a reference list. This analysis will play a key role in the development of a Vulnerability Assessment Matrix and Cybersecurity Risk Assessment in the next few steps.
Step 5: Develop the Vulnerability Assessment Matrix
With the Attack Vector and Attribution Analysis complete, in this step your nation team will assess the impact of identified threats and prioritize the allocation of resources to mitigate or prevent risks. As a group, you will collaborate to develop and submit one Vulnerability Assessment Matrix for your nation. This spreadsheet includes the following:
characterization of current and emerging vulnerabilities and threats (cybersecurity vulnerability)
identification of the attack vector(s) employed
your assessment (high, medium, or low) of the impact the vulnerability could have on your organization
Submit your team’s matrix for feedback. This matrix will be included in the final project deliverable, the Cybersecurity Risk Assessment.
In the next step, you and your nation team members will conduct research on best practices and countermeasures for the kind of attack your nation team sustained at the summit.
Step 6: Research Industry Best Practices and Countermeasures
At this point, you and your team members have analyzed attack vectors and used your research to construct a vulnerability assessment matrix. The next step in the process of analyzing the intrusion is to look at common practices and countermeasures that can be used for the type of attack your team incurred at the summit.
In this step, you and your team members will perform research on current best practices for authentication, authorization, and access control methods. You will also research possible countermeasures and cyber offense strategies that may be available. Review the materials on countermeasures and cyber offensives/warfare if needed. This research will help you make recommendations in the cybersecurity risk assessment, which you develop in the next step. Approach your research with transparency to support trust among your team. Review these resources on risk assessment and risk assessment approaches to prepare for the next step. The following links will provide you with resources on industry standards and best practices:
Security Operations
Software Development Security
Security Assessment and Testing
Security Engineering
Step 7: Develop the Cybersecurity Risk Assessment
In this step, your team will prepare the Cybersecurity Risk Assessment in the form of a PowerPoint presentation. This is one of your three final deliverables, which you will submit for feedback as a group, and then for individual assessment at the end of the project.
The presentation should identify current measures for authentication, authorization, and access control, and clearly explain weaknesses in your organization’s security (to include people, technology, and policy) that could result in successful exploitation of vulnerabilities and/or threats. The presentation should conclude with recommendations (e.g., continue to accept risks, accept some risks (identify them), mitigate some risks (identify them), mitigate all risks, etc.). Include the attack vector and attribution analysis, and the vulnerability matrix from the previous steps. Don’t try to shoehorn every point into your presentation. For guidance on creating presentations, refer to the following:
Creating and Delivering Professional Presentations
Record a Slide Show with Narration and Slide Timings
Converting PowerPoint and Uploading to YouTube
Submit your Cybersecurity Risk Assessment PowerPoint for feedback by uploading it to YouTube. At the end of this project, your team will submit the presentation in the form of a YouTube link for grading.
Step 8: Define Incident Response, Part 1
It’s time to begin work on the next phase of the final analysis of the intrusion, which will include an incident response plan. Such a plan provides a method for containing the impact from a cybersecurity incident. It includes a plan for file recovery and remediation from an incident. All the actions will start from the security baseline analysis, which has been defined for all the nations’ network topologies at the summit, using a network security baseline analyzer.
Your nation team will work together to develop an eight- to 10-page Incident Response Plan to use in the event of a cyber incident. This is one of your three final deliverables, which you will submit for feedback as a group, and then for individual assessment at the end of the project.
Begin your first half of the plan by focusing on the environmental conditions and coordination mechanisms. Include:
roles and responsibilities
phases of incident response
scenario—provide an incident response plan in the case of distributed data exfiltration attacks, specifically the case of loss of communications
activities, authorities pertaining to roles and responsibilities
triggering conditions for actions
triggering conditions for closure
reports and products throughout the incident response activity
tools, techniques, and technologies
communications paths and parties involved
coordination paths and parties involved
external partners and stakeholders, and their place in the coordination and communication paths
security controls and tracking
recovery objectives and priorities
Your team will continue working on the incident response plan in the next step. You will consider the processes of an active response.
Step 9: Define Incident Response, Part 2
Your team in this step will continue developing the Incident Response Plan. The second half of your report will focus on events and processes of your active response plan. Include the following:
14. incident response checklist. Refer to the NIST Computer Security Incident Handling Guide for an example.
15. data protection mechanisms
16. integrity controls (system integrity checks) after recovery
17. a plan to investigate the network behavior and a threat bulletin that explains this activity
18. defined triggering mechanisms for continuing alerts and notifications throughout the cyber incident
19. additional aspects of the incident response plan necessary to contain a cyber incident on the international domain
20. diagrams of swim lanes of authorities, activities and process flows, coordination and communication paths. Review the Swim Lane Template to familiarize yourself with the concept of swim lanes and swim lane diagrams.
You will complete your incident response plan in the next step. Your incident response plan is critical in outlining your activities during a cyberattack as well as providing direction for recovery.
Step 10: Execute Incident Response
The intrusion activity apparently is not over yet. The CIOs of the nations are still detecting high-volume traffic on their networks. Almost as soon as there is a surge in activity, network functions and websites immediately become nonoperational. Communications are also affected between the nation teams.
The CIOs have provided information on the anomalous activity. Enter Workspace to obtain the lab materials describing the network traffic activity.
After obtaining and reviewing the lab materials, collaborate with your nation team to decide the next course of action as determined by the eight- to 10-page Incident Response Plan you’ve been developing. Include an analysis of the lab materials, describing your findings. Provide this information with the Incident Response Plan.
The Incident Response Plan is one of your three final deliverables, which you will submit for feedback as a group, then for individual assessment at the end of the project.
Step 11: Analyze Cyber Defense Information
Take Note
This step includes a mandatory lab exercise. The teams should work together on the exercise, relying on each other’s expertise in the subject area of the exercise. The findings will be included in your team’s Security Baseline Report.
The attack continues. Now the CIO reports high-volume activity shutting down web access to the summit and to the attending nations’ government websites. In addition, the volume impact has also caused latency in third-party websites whose processes and data sharing are linked to the summit and to the nations’ government websites.
Your team now enters Workspace to analyze the .pcap files the CIOs had provided. You will analyze the .pcap files to understand some of the conditions that may have led to this high-volume traffic, an apparent DoS attack.
Compile screenshots and your analyses of the DoS events affecting the summit, the nations’ government web pages, and third-party websites as well, where relevant. Maintain your Wireshark packet analysis for any future investigations.
Step 12: Share the Cyber Defense Information With Nations
Now that you have analyzed the .pcap contents, you and your team of analysts will prepare mitigation (risk analysis and mitigation) for this current attack as well as any future attacks. You will also provide risk countermeasure implementation to a data exfiltration attack. Compile these strategies in a FVEY Indicator Sharing Report to be shared with your FVEY allies. Include Snort rules signatures and prepare rules for firewalls that would have prevented the data exfiltration attack. Review these resources on intrusion detection and prevention (IDS/IPS) systems and IDS/IPS classification to refresh your understanding of communications and network security, intrusion detection, and intrusion prevention.
Your report should include the following:
other possible sources of vulnerabilities and best practices to protect endpoints.
indicators for data exfiltration.
methods for protection in bring your own device (BYOD) mobile security.
an explanation of the importance of authorization and authentication mechanisms like CAC-PIV card readers. Review these resources on common access card (CAC) and multifactor authentication technologies if you need a refresher.
best practices for database protection (data loss prevention), which serves as the backbone to information sharing and communications. How can obfuscation and masking be used to ensure database security?
You don’t want to just build a wall and block everything. Your team has conducted a risk assessment and developed an approach. In your report, share the tools, methods, and the actual net defenses your nation team has used.
In Project 1, your team identified the nations performing the malicious activities. At this point, it is necessary to protect the network and defend against the attacks. You must devise a plan and pull from the suite of net defense tools available to you. For intrusion detection and prevention, you must program rule sets in firewalls.
Now that your nation team has identified the bad actors, your nation will then build out Snort rules based on the traffic you have analyzed to allow the permitted communications while keeping out malicious traffic and activities.
Once your team has completed the sharing report, post it to the FVEY discussion where other nation teams can view it.
Step 13: Evaluate and Execute the Data Exfiltration Service-Level Agreement (SLA)
You’ve communicated the attack to your other nation teams, your team has determined that all the nation teams were under data exfiltration attack, and they sustained latency or even unavailability of their networks. Now the CIOs have directed that the service-level agreements (SLAs) be reviewed on what the attack means to the cost and services rendered. Technologically trained professionals increase their marketability and hire-ability when they can demonstrate business acumen as well as technical expertise. And with more integrated environments following services on-demand structures such as cloud computing, it is imperative that cybersecurity professionals be able to assess if their organization is getting what it paid for.
You may have determined a network topology for your nation team, or you may have researched a network topology and are using that to base your analysis, citing the researched information using APA format. In these topologies, you will research the operating system vulnerabilities (operating system fundamentals, operating system protections). You will identify requirements for operating system security to address these vulnerabilities.
You will then formulate a service-level agreement to mitigate the vulnerabilities, particularly for data exfiltration activities.
Produce a three- to five-page Service-Level Agreement (SLA) that you believe is best to serve the nation teams’ security protections. If you research sample SLAs, provide citations.
Include:
an agreement not to engage in testing data exfiltration without notifying the internet service provider (ISP)
metrics for availability
bandwidth requirements
monitoring from the ISP’s network
traffic reports to be received and access to ISP information on net defense and best practices
testing nation teams’ configurations by ISP
other components needed to fulfill your nation team’s requirements
Perform an evaluation of the SLA that you created, and in a checklist format, report on the performance of the ISP during the data exfiltration attack. Conduct independent research if a checklist example is needed. If you model your checklist after an existing resource, cite and reference it using APA format. Estimate costs of services or any compensation owed to the nation team. Include written justification to the ISP for the downtime due to data exfiltration. This evaluation is included in the three- to five-page requirement.
In the next step, you will take on “packet sniffing” in the lab, as you move to a digital forensics role in the investigation.
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Q:
Why after elements are put into JSONArray They are mixed?
Working with StringBuilder came across a problem. I need to put a StringBuilder in JSONArray, but when i did my string is shuffled. How can I fix this?
My line before:
[{"id":"iprod","name":"soup","categoryId":"categoryId123","categoryName":"soup","imageUrl":"c/image","price":5.0,"weight":123.0,"ingredients":["chicken","rice"],"nutrition":{"energy":{"kilojoules":123,"kilocalories":123},"fat":123,"carbohydrate":123,"protein":123},"currency":"123"}]
My line after:
[{"nutrition":{"protein":123,"fat":123,"carbohydrate":123,"energy":{"kilojoules":123,"kilocalories":123}},"price":5,"imageUrl":"c/image","name":"soup","weight":123,"ingredients":["chicken","rice"],"currency":"123","id":"iprod","categoryName":"soup","categoryId":"categoryId123"}]
Code:
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
String line;
while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(line);
}
br.close();
System.out.println(sb.toString());
JSONArray responseObject = new JSONArray(sb.toString());
System.out.println(responseObject.get(0));
A:
Your String is JSONObject not JSONArray.
From the JSON specification at http://www.json.org/
An object is an unordered set of
name/value pairs
JSON libraries are free to rearrange the order of the elements as they see fit. GSON, a Java library developed by Google for handling JSON. And it will save the order for you:
This is the code:
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Gson gson = new Gson();
String line = "{\"id\":\"iprod\",\"name\":\"soup\",\"categoryId\":\"categoryId123\",\"categoryName\":\"soup\",\"imageUrl\":\"c/image\",\"price\":5.0,\"weight\":123.0,\"ingredients\":[\"chicken\",\"rice\"],\"nutrition\":{\"energy\":{\"kilojoules\":123,\"kilocalories\":123},\"fat\":123,\"carbohydrate\":123,\"protein\":123},\"currency\":\"123\"}\n";
System.out.println(line);
JsonObject responseObject = gson.fromJson(line, JsonObject.class);
System.out.println(responseObject.keySet());
}
}
| |
A vowelless crossword is just like a regular crossword except that the grid contains only the consonants from each answer.
Let's say you see the clue [Pastime involving filling a grid with letters] corresponding to an 11-letter space in the grid. The 15-letter phrase CROSSWORD PUZZLE seems apt, but doesn't fit. However, since this is a vowelless puzzle you don't enter CROSSWORDPUZZLE. You enter CRSSWRDPZZL and all is well. Other than that, it's business as usual.
Well...yeah, in some ways, but ultimately they're fair and satisfying to crack. My aim was to make these puzzles accessible to any regular crossword solver with a bit of patience. While the format of the grid is inherently challenging, the clues in these puzzles are very straightforward and contain almost no linguistic trickery. You'll find that you'll do more deductive reasoning and parsing of partial answers than you'll do hacking through thorny wordplay. Also, there are relatively few proper nouns and almost no difficult or unfamiliar words in the grids. Although there may be some phrases that are new to you, they should pretty much always be composed of familiar words and clued in such a way that each part can be figured out.
If you're finding the puzzles too hard, you can try solving using the enumerations (i.e. the letter counts of the words in the fully vowelled answers) provided. In the example above, the clue with enumerations would read [Pastime involving filling a grid with letters (9, 6)], meaning that we're looking for an answer phrase consisting of a 9-letter word and a 6-letter word. Note that this refers to the full answer of CROSSWORD PUZZLE and not the vowelless string you'd actually enter. This can help immensely.
It doesn't take long to get the hang of thinking vowellessly, and once you do I think you'll find that it's a lot of fun.
Lots of reasons! Not only do they present a unique and rewarding challenge that will stretch your brain in delightful new ways, but also vowelless grids are everything that themeless crossword grids strive to be imo, largely due to the lessened constraints during grid construction. Not only can every long answer in a block of stacked entries be a long, lively phrase, but even the shorter crossing answers are freed from simply being "glue" answers. ONO, ENO, ENE, etc. are definitely real things but they show up ad nauseam due to the convenient arrangement and frequency of their letters. The same thing happens in vowelless grids, but the difference is that convenient letter strings such as STL, CNS, and NMN can be clued as lively answers like EAST LA, CAN I SEE?, and NAME ONE, respectively. In fact, since so many short consonant strings can be parsed as longer words or phrases, a constructor is less at the mercy of the 3- and 4-letter strings when filling wide-open spaces. This means that almost every longer entry can be hand-picked for its freshness and quality rather than simply because it happens to fit.
These grids are a treat to fill in for both the solver and the constructor! I love making them and if you ask me there aren't enough of them out there to solve.
Good question! To avoid confusion, no full or vowelless answer contains the letter Y. So words or phrases containing Y such as HARDLY and BABY BLANKET and YOU DON'T MEAN THAT are simply not used as answers in any of the puzzles.
I'm sold! What can I expect from this puzzle pack?
There are seven themeless 15x15 puzzles in this pack, all at roughly the same difficulty level. There are four copies of each puzzle: a version with answer enumerations and a version without, both in .puz and PDF format. Also included are answers grids and lists of the full answers for each puzzle.
Throw me any non-zero amount of US dollars via PayPal and I'll mail out the puzzles immediately. If you absolutely cannot/will not use PayPal, contact me and we'll work something out.
Glad to hear it. This is a pilot project, and if there's enough interest I'll make more. Let me know!
In the meantime, the undisputed master of vowelless puzzles is Frank Longo so do yourself a favour and pick up a copy of his book. While you're at it, subscribe to Fireball Crosswords which contains a new Longo vowelless at least once per year. Outside the Box Puzzles (which are also edited by the inimitable Andy Kravis) also publishes vowelless puzzles by various constructors on occasion so be sure to check them out.
If you have any questions, comments, or feedback about this project, or just wanna chat, feel free to drop me a line at [email protected]. | https://peterbroda.me/vowelless/ |
Dianne standing happily alongside the beautiful painting by Jeannette Lazarus. A 576 piece jigsaw puzzle of this original painting was created and pieces were raffled off to determine the winner. The puzzle itself will be reassembled and hung in our new library as a reminder of how important a part fundraising plays in the life of the library.
"Thank you all so very much for participating in this fundraising venture! The painting raffle and silent auction of book paintings held at our November 14th, 2014 Wine Tasting event raised well over three thousand dollars for the Building Fund of the Salisbury Public Library! It was great fun and quite an adventure. I am sincerely grateful for your enthusiasm and generosity." | https://www.salisburylibrary.org/painting-fundraiser.html |
In the run-up to World Whale Day (20 February), we bring you news of the first ever global report on whale migration superhighways crossing every ocean, the threats they face and the action we need to take.
What should be safe “blue corridors” for migrating whales are too often hazardous and even fatal obstacle courses. That’s the conclusion of a new WWF-backed report, co-produced with the marine mammal science community, which provides the first truly comprehensive look at whale migrations and the threats these magnificent creatures face.
By far the deadliest impact is fishing gear entanglement, leading to the deaths of an estimated 300,000 whales, dolphins, and porpoises each year. But ship strikes, pollution, habitat loss, and climate change also increasingly threaten whales along their migration routes and in the critically important areas where they feed, mate, give birth and nurse their young.
As a result, even after decades of protection from commercial whaling, six out of the 13 great whale species are now classified as endangered or vulnerable. For example, the critically endangered North Atlantic right whale, which migrates between Canada and the United States, now has a population of only 336 animals.
Meanwhile, evidence is growing about the critical role whales play in maintaining ocean health and the global climate – with, for example, each whale over a lifetime capturing the same amount of carbon in their bodies as thousands of trees.
HOPES FOR THE FUTURE
We are calling for more cooperation at local, regional and international levels to safeguard whales from these mounting threats. National governments, international bodies, local communities, industry and conservation groups like WWF all have a role to play.
In the coming month, we will be urging consideration of this crucial issue as a new UN treaty is finalized on managing international waters that aren't controlled by individual countries. These “Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction” make up two-thirds of the Earth’s oceans, yet no treaty currently exists to safeguard nature in these waters. | https://updates.panda.org/action-needed-to-protect-migrating-whales |
What's in a dozen?
Eggs are produced by
nature and not processed
according to a formula;
therefore, their exact nutrient
content may differ from egg to egg. In
general, however, a one-dozen carton of
Large eggs will feature a nutritional label that resembles the following
Nutrition Facts Serving Size: 1 egg (50g), Servings: 12, Amount Per Serving: Calories 70, Fat Cal. 40, Total Fat 4.5g (7% DV), Sat. Fat 1.5g (8% DV). Trans Fat 0g. Cholest, 215mg (71% DV), Sodium 65mg (3% DV), Total Carb, 1g (0% DV) Protein 6g (10% DV), Vitamin A (6% DV), Vitamin C (0% DV), Calcium (2% DV), Iron (4% DV), Not a significant source of Dietary Fiber or Sugars. Percent Daily Values (DV) are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
The 1990 Nutrition Education and Labeling Act requires most foods, including eggs, to carry a nutrition label. Current labels express nutrients as a percentage of Daily Values (DVs) for a 2,000-calorie diet, rather than a percentage of the U.S. Recommended Daily Allowances (U.S. RDAs). | http://rockymountaineggs.com/eggNutritionSubPage.aspx |
Camping in Colorado is a great way to get outside and enjoy the natural beauty of this state. Make sure you have planned your trip carefully before you go so that you don’t miss any of the amazing sights and activities available in Colorado.
Weather conditions can change quickly while camping, so be prepared for anything. Be sure to pack all of the necessary supplies with you when heading out into nature, such as food, water and an emergency kit . Leave no trace behind when departing your campsite – take care not to disturb other campers while packing up and leaving.
Is It Safe To Camp In Colorado?
Camping in Colorado can be a great experience, but it’s important to plan ahead and follow the weather conditions. Make sure you pack all of your supplies before leaving home, and make sure they are properly packed so they don’t get wet or damaged while on your trip.
Keep other campers safe by cleaning up after yourself and being careful not to leave any trash behind when you go. Be aware of wildlife during your camping trip – keep an eye out for bears, elk, deer, etc., and do not feed them if you aren’t comfortable with that type of environment..
When packing up your campsite be sure to clean everything – groundcover tents, cookware/utensils.
Is it safe to camp alone in Colorado?
Camping can be a great way to get away from it all, but make sure you’re aware of the risks involved before you go. If something does happen and you find yourself stranded, don’t hesitate to call for help.
Research the area where you plan on camping in order to avoid any dangerous wildlife or cliffs. Make sure your vehicle is fully stocked with emergency supplies just in case anything goes wrong while out there camping alone.
Finally, always take precautions when packing up camp so that nothing unfortunate happens during your outing.
Can you camp anywhere in Colorado right now?
Colorado is a great state for camping, with plenty of free National Forest or BLM land to choose from. Make sure to research the area you’re planning on camping before heading out – some areas are better suited for tents and other areas allow more privacy and access to freshwater sources.
Be aware that winter conditions can make hiking or driving around in mountainous regions difficult so be prepared for icy roads and weather conditions. Most national forests close their gates at nightfall, so plan your trip accordingly if you want to stay overnight. Even though many Colorado campgrounds are closed during the off-season (from October through April), there are still plenty of options available when it comes to finding a place to pitch your tent.
What are the possible dangers in the camping site?
Weather hazards while camping can be dangerous, so it’s important to stay aware of your surroundings at all times. Make sure you have a emergency plan in case something goes wrong while you’re out there in the wild.
Know the signs of severe weather and take shelter immediately if they happen. Don’t leave any valuables unguarded – theft is a common hazard when camping. Be prepared for anything by packing appropriate gear and planning ahead.
How do you stay safe from bears while camping?
Camping in bear country can be a fun and exciting experience, but it is important to remember the safety precautions necessary to stay safe. Open sites away from dense vegetation, natural food areas, forest cover or natural pathways are ideal for camping.
Avoid messy sites and areas with bear sign: torn apart logs, tracks, trampled brush, scat etcetera. Secure all scented items by hanging them at least 10 feet off ground and 5 feet from tree branches . Bear warnings will always be posted on state park websites before you visit so that you are aware of any potential hazards.
Is camping safe for a woman?
Although camping is a great way to get outdoors and connect with nature, it’s important to be aware of your surroundings at all times. Make sure you have the proper equipment and supplies before hitting the trail—even in developed campgrounds.
It’s also important to stay safe while camping alone as a single woman by using common sense precautions such as keeping an eye on your belongings and staying away from isolated areas. Remember that even though camping is generally safe for women, there are always exceptions so never hesitate to contact authorities if you feel unsafe or uncomfortable while out camping solo.
Even when venturing into remote wilderness areas, remember that cell service may not be available which could create dangerous situations should something happen unexpectedly.
Is it safe to travel to Colorado by yourself?
Colorado is a beautiful state to visit by yourself, but it’s important to take some basic precautions in order to feel safe while you’re there. Make sure you don’t walk alone at night and stay away from poorly lit areas – these are especially dangerous for women travelers.
If something feels off, whether it’s an unfamiliar environment or someone appearing too friendly, always call 911. Women traveling solo should never feel like they have to risk their safety in order not to look brave – the best way to avoid trouble is by following common sense guidelines.
Be aware of your surroundings and be prepared for anything: if something makes you uneasy, trust your instincts and call for help immediately. Female solo travelers can travel safely through Colorado with just a few simple tips in mind.
Can you sleep in your car in Colorado State Parks?
If you are camping in a Colorado State Park, you must have a campsite reservation and arrive at least two hours before the park closes. There is no space for extra vehicles on state parks’ sites, so they can be parked in designated parking areas only.
All vehicles entering a Colorado State Park must have an official Colorado State Parks pass which can be purchased online or at any local convenience store. Vehicles that do not meet these requirements may be towed from the park at the owner’s expense if there is no room on site or if stipulations by the park prohibit it.
Remember to pack your sleeping bag and pillow- just in case you get lucky enough to snag one of those precious spots.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can you camp in Colorado for free?
The Colorado National Forest and BLM have a variety of free camping areas that can be accessed from most parts of the state.
How many people have been killed camping?
There have been occasional deaths at national parks, but it is much more likely that people died from causes other than camping or hiking.
Will bears mess with tents?
No, Bears cannot mess with tents. Tents are not a deterrent against attacks from large wild animals like bears or cougars. However, if you sleep in a tent for an extended period of time, it is important to keep your belongings protected from snakes and insects.
What smell do bears hate?
Bear experts recommend avoiding using pine-based cleaners in the presence of people and other animals. Do not use bleach or ammonia together, as this can create deadly fumes.
What if a bear comes to your tent?
If you hear a bear or other animal outside your tent make sure it is aware that there is a human inside by using a firm monotone voice. Turn on a flashlight or lantern and if the bear enters the tent fight back and yell. Many bears have been driven off this way.
To Recap
There is no guarantee that camping in Colorado will be safe, but there are a few things to keep in mind if you decide to do so. Make sure to check local regulations before camping and always take precautions when hiking or climbing in the wilderness.
If something goes wrong while you’re out there, know where to find help and be prepared for any potential dangers.
I am a professional tour guide with years of experience in the field. I am an expert in camping and have been leading tours to some of the most beautiful sights around the world.
I love my job because I get to see new places every day, meet new people and share my knowledge with them. I have a passion for nature and wildlife, which is why this is perfect for me. | https://travelpackusa.com/is-it-safe-to-camp-in-colorado/ |
| 9.8°C Belfast
Police have launched an investigation after 19 Limousin cattle were rustled from a farm in Armagh.
The cattle were taken from the farm, in the Battleford Road area, sometime between 5pm on January 18 and 9.30am on January 19.
Most of the cattle aged between 15 and 16 months old were mostly red-coloured and all tagged.
Constable Orr appealed for anyone with information to come forward.
"I want to appeal to anyone who was in the Battleford Road area between 5pm on Saturday (18th January) and 9:30am on Sunday and saw any suspicious behaviour, or any strange vehicles, to get in touch with us," he said.
"I would also urge anyone who is offered animals for sale, matching the description of the cattle reported stolen, in suspicious circumstances, or who knows of their whereabouts or who is responsible for this to call police on the non-emergency number 101, and quoting reference number 475 of 20/01/20."
Anyone with any information is also urged to contact the independent charity Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111. | https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/investigation-after-cattle-rustling-at-armagh-farm-38882606.html |
"Cause and effect" refers to the relationship that exists between two things when one thing causes another to occur. For example, if we overeat and do not exercise, we will acquire weight. The "cause" is eating without exercise, and the "result" is weight gain. Avoiding the cause will avoid the result.
An analogy is a clear comparison or representation of one thing by means of another, usually more familiar thing. The term comes from the Latin analemma, meaning "equal distance from the center," which is how astronomers represented the moon's orbit around the Earth in astrological charts. Modern analogies are used in education to help students understand new concepts by comparing them with others they already know. Science uses analogies extensively to explain phenomena at a level accessible to readers without a scientific background. For example, scientists often compare the properties of objects on Earth with those of stars when discussing topics such as gravity or combustion.
The method is useful for comparing items that cannot be directly compared, such as qualities within a single object (for example, the parts of an apple) or between different objects (such as and apple and a planet). In order to apply the method successfully, one must identify the cause of the desired effect and then find an analogy that shows a similar effect arising from such a cause.
The term "cause and effect" refers to a link between two events in which one is the cause of the other. A statistically significant result from a linear regression or correlation study between two variables X and Y is usually explained as an effect. A factor that increases the probability of an event occurring is called a cause. Factors that increase the probability of an event occurring together are called causes.
In science, causation is often discussed in terms of cause and effect relationships. Scientists seek out cause and effect relationships because they are interested in finding explanations for natural phenomena. Knowing the cause of something makes it possible to predict what will happen next. This is useful in making decisions about future actions or in designing experiments that will lead to new knowledge.
Every day experience tells us that things can cause other things to happen. The sun comes up every morning and trees grow green leaves year round even though we know this not to be true based on observations of trees in a forest during different seasons. These facts are examples of causes and effects. The sun is causing the tree leaves to grow despite the lack of water because plants need energy too. Leaves grow during the summer when sunlight is strongest and trees use their leaves as solar panels to collect this energy.
In science, scientists seek out cause and effect relationships all the time. They do this by conducting experiments and observing results.
A "cause and effect" connection is one in which one event or object is the outcome of another or others. This is a result of both action and response. Something occurs (a cause) that results in an effect. For example, if I knock over my glass of water, the sound it makes is the response (effect). The sound was not there before I knocked over the glass and it is because I knocked it over that it made this sound.
Causality is the concept that events or objects are connected by causes and effects. All events have causes and effects. What matters is only whether or not there is a causal connection between two events. If there is no direct causal connection between two events, they may still be related - for example, they may both be consequences of a third event or object. However, if there is a direct causal connection between two events, then we say that they are causally connected or dependent on each other.
In philosophy, the study of causality involves analyzing what kind of connection or relationship there is between two events or objects. Philosophers have used different words to describe the same thing. Sometimes they use the word "cause" and at other times they might use the word "reason" or even "necessity". But regardless of the word used, they are talking about the same thing: how things are connected.
The need to understand why things happen (cause/effect) is a basic human impulse. Without understanding cause and effect, it can be difficult to learn how to change negative patterns in our lives or to deal with problems that arise.
When we look at events from the outside, they appear as random. But inside us there are certain laws that govern life, such as cause and effect. These laws work automatically behind the scenes, bringing about results that we could not possibly anticipate or control. Although we may wish otherwise, there are no accidents. Everything that happens has a reason.
People often say that you cannot change the past, but what they mean is that you cannot change the outcome of events that have already occurred. However, if you understand the cause of an event, you can then take action to prevent it from happening again. For example, if you see that you are being bullied at school, you can try to avoid situations where this behavior occurs. Or, if you realize that you get angry very easily, you can make efforts to control your temper more consistently.
Causality is important because without it, life would be full of chaos and confusion.
In essence, "cause" refers to what causes other things to happen, and "effect" refers to what happens as a result. What follows in the text is the effect of a previous cause. Simply said, the cause is what happened, and the impact is why it happened.
An example of this would be if someone were to push you into a wall. Your head would be the effect and your neck would be the cause. The reason for this is because your neck broke your head could have been hurt too but only as an effect.
This concept matters when trying to identify factors that may have led up to something happening. For example, if we look at the case of John Kennedy, the president was killed as a result of being shot in the head by a single bullet. But how did they know this was the cause of death? Because there was no evidence of anything else causing him harm. He had no other wounds and his brain was still functioning even after he died. This means that finding the cause of death turned out to be quite simple in this case.
Causality can be hard to judge because many times we don't have full access to everything that's going on all the time. So we have to make assumptions about what might have caused what else. For example, let's say that Hillary Clinton had been diagnosed with pneumonia a few days before she collapsed at a ceremony honoring her husband's presidency.
The term "effect" refers to the result of what happened. "Cause is defined as the cause for an event. Because, so, therefore, thus, thus, and since are all clue words that indicate causal linkages. They can be used to show why one thing leads to another." - Jeff Ehrenberg
Effect = Result
Cause = Reason or motive for action
Thus = Conclusion or inference
Imitation is the since clause in language. Using because, thus, so and imitation to show how one thing leads to another. These words are called signal words because they signal the presence of a causal relationship between two events.
Signal words are important tools for scientists to understand causation. Without these words, it would be difficult, if not impossible, to explain how one event led to another. Scientists use mathematics and logic to prove theories about nature. | https://escorpionatl.com/what-is-the-example-of-cause-and-effect-analogy |
Up until the mid-1970s, some statisticians used the normal distribution approximation for large sample sizes and only used the Student’s t-distribution only for sample sizes of at most 30. With graphing calculators and computers, the practice now is to use the Student’s t-distribution whenever s is used as an estimate for σ.
If you draw a simple random sample of size n from a population that has an approximately a normal distribution with mean μ and unknown population standard deviation σ and calculate the t-score t = , then the t-scores follow a Student’s t-distribution with n – 1 degrees of freedom. The t-score has the same interpretation as the z-score. It measures how far is from its mean μ. For each sample size n, there is a different Student’s t-distribution.
The degrees of freedom, n – 1, come from the calculation of the sample standard deviation s. In [link], we used n deviations to calculate s. Because the sum of the deviations is zero, we can find the last deviation once we know the other n – 1 deviations. The other n – 1 deviations can change or vary freely. We call the number n – 1 the degrees of freedom (df).
A Student’s t table (See [link]) gives t-scores given the degrees of freedom and the right-tailed probability. The table is very limited. Calculators and computers can easily calculate any Student’s t-probabilities.
using invT(.975,14) on the TI-84+ calculator.
When calculating the error bound, a probability table for the Student’s t-distribution can also be used to find the value of t. The table gives t-scores that correspond to the confidence level (column) and degrees of freedom (row); the t-score is found where the row and column intersect in the table.
The Human Toxome Project (HTP) is working to understand the scope of industrial pollution in the human body. Industrial chemicals may enter the body through pollution or as ingredients in consumer products. In October 2008, the scientists at HTP tested cord blood samples for 20 newborn infants in the United States. The cord blood of the “In utero/newborn” group was tested for 430 industrial compounds, pollutants, and other chemicals, including chemicals linked to brain and nervous system toxicity, immune system toxicity, and reproductive toxicity, and fertility problems. There are health concerns about the effects of some chemicals on the brain and nervous system. [link] shows how many of the targeted chemicals were found in each infant’s cord blood.
Solution AFrom the sample, you can calculate = 127.45 and s = 25.965. There are 20 infants in the sample, so n = 20, and df = 20 – 1 = 19.
The 98% confidence interval is (2.3965, 9.8702).
The t-score follows the Student’s t-distribution with n – 1 degrees of freedom. The confidence interval under this distribution is calculated with EBM = where is the t-score with area to the right equal to , s is the sample standard deviation, and n is the sample size. Use a table, calculator, or computer to find for a given α.
X is the number of hours a patient waits in the emergency room before being called back to be examined. is the mean wait time of 70 patients in the emergency room.
is the mean number of hours spent watching television per month from a sample of 108 Americans.
Using the same , , and level of confidence, suppose that n were 69 instead of 39. Would the error bound become larger or smaller? How do you know?
Using the same , , and n = 39, how would the error bound change if the confidence level were reduced to 90%? Why?
Define the random variables and in words.
We estimate with 96% confidence that the mean amount of money raised by all Leadership PACs during the 2011–2012 election cycle lies between 47,292.57 and 456,415.89.
The 96% confidence interval is (47,262, 456,447).
Forbes magazine published data on the best small firms in 2012. These were firms that had been publicly traded for at least a year, have a stock price of at least 5 per share, and have reported annual revenue between 5 million and 1 billion. The [link] shows the ages of the corporate CEOs for a random sample of these firms.
Use this sample data to construct a 90% confidence interval for the mean age of CEO’s for these top small firms. Use the Student’s t-distribution.
X is the number of unoccupied seats on a single flight. is the mean number of unoccupied seats from a sample of 225 flights.
In a recent sample of 84 used car sales costs, the sample mean was 6,425 with a standard deviation of 3,156. Assume the underlying distribution is approximately normal.
A survey of the mean number of cents off that coupons give was conducted by randomly surveying one coupon per page from the coupon sections of a recent San Jose Mercury News. The following data were collected: 20¢; 75¢; 50¢; 65¢; 30¢; 55¢; 40¢; 40¢; 30¢; 55¢; 1.50; 40¢; 65¢; 40¢. Assume the underlying distribution is approximately normal.
a continuous random variable (RV) with pdf , where μ is the mean of the distribution and σ is the standard deviation, notation: X ~ N(μ,σ). If μ = 0 and σ = 1, the RV is called the standard normal distribution.
There is a “family of t–distributions: each representative of the family is completely defined by the number of degrees of freedom, which is one less than the number of data.
A Single Population Mean using the Student t Distribution by OpenStaxCollege is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. | http://pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu/introductorystatistics/chapter/a-single-population-mean-using-the-student-t-distribution/ |
Q:
AES encryption using openssl
I'm trying to encrypt using openssl AES encryption function.
here's my code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <openssl/aes.h>
#include <string.h>
const static unsigned char aes_key[]={"passwordpasswor"}; //15 characters + \0
void print_data(const char *tittle, const void* data, int len);
int main() {
unsigned char aes_input[]="#!/bin/bash\necho hello world";
unsigned char iv[AES_BLOCK_SIZE];
memset (iv,0x00,AES_BLOCK_SIZE);
unsigned char enc_out[sizeof(aes_input)];
unsigned char dec_out[sizeof(aes_input)];
AES_KEY enc_key,dec_key;
AES_set_encrypt_key(aes_key,sizeof(aes_key)*8,&enc_key);
AES_cbc_encrypt(aes_input,enc_out,sizeof(aes_input),&enc_key,iv,AES_ENCRYPT);
//decryption
memset(iv,0x00,AES_BLOCK_SIZE);
AES_set_decrypt_key(aes_key,sizeof(aes_key)*8,&dec_key);
AES_cbc_encrypt(enc_out,dec_out,sizeof(aes_input),&dec_key,iv,AES_DECRYPT);
//verify
printf("original %s\n",aes_input);
printf("encrypted %s\n",enc_out);
printf("decrypted %s\n",dec_out);
return 0;
}
the code produces the following output (with an extra newline between each for clarity):
original #!/bin/bash
echo hello world
encrypted ���jv�.)��$I���b�:dmPvTQޜ�#!/bin/bash
echo hello world
decrypted #!/bin/bash
echo hello world
I've tried other messages, it seems that the encryption message will show the original message if used with printf.
A:
You're trying to dump non-printable data to a terminal device, and specifically doing so using a library call that expects null-termination. The output of an AES encryption can contain bytes of any value (including embedded nullchar values)
You need the following:
Properly size your output buffer size. By default AES_cbc_encrypt uses pkcs padding and will use up to one full additional block for padding data.
Dump your output using an alternative mechanism, such as a trivial hexdump routine.
Both of the above are done below:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <openssl/aes.h>
#include <string.h>
static hex_print(const void *pv, size_t len)
{
static const char alpha[] = "0123456789abcdef";
const unsigned char *beg = pv, *end = beg+len;
for (; beg != end; ++beg)
{
putc(alpha[(*beg >> 4) & 0xF], stdout);
putc(alpha[*beg & 0xF], stdout);
}
putc('\n', stdout);
}
unsigned char enc_out[AES_BLOCK_SIZE * ((sizeof(aes_input) + AES_BLOCK_SIZE)/AES_BLOCK_SIZE)];
unsigned char dec_out[sizeof(aes_input)];
unsigned char iv[AES_BLOCK_SIZE] = {0};
hex_print(enc_out, sizeof enc_out);
printf("decrypted %s\n",dec_out);
return 0;
}
Output
original #!/bin/bash
echo hello world
e389c96a76d708b42e29b4b4052449f1ffc762db3a646d1650765451de9c1dd0
decrypted #!/bin/bash
echo hello world
Note in particular the last byte of the encryption. It isn't 00, which means the printf call you were incorrectly using was marching beyond that buffer and into the land of undefined behavior. In fact, there are no nullchar bytes in that string (it is a different, yet closely-related problem when there is an embedded 00 in the middle of your data, in which case printf would have stopped prematurely.
In this case, I can speculate (with little value; such is the nature of undefined behavior) that the march took printf into the next automatic variable on the stack, which was the decrypted array.
Modifying the output sequence to use all hex output will demonstrate the difference between plaintext and encrypted data. For example, changing the last three functional lines of your program to:
//verify
hex_print(aes_input, sizeof(aes_input));
hex_print(enc_out, sizeof enc_out);
hex_print(dec_out, sizeof(dec_out));
will deliver the following output:
23212f62696e2f626173680a6563686f2068656c6c6f20776f726c6400
e389c96a76d708b42e29b4b4052449f1ffc762db3a646d1650765451de9c1dd0
23212f62696e2f626173680a6563686f2068656c6c6f20776f726c6400
which makes sense. if you walk the bytes (two digits per) in the original and decrypted strings you can see they're (a) equal, (b) not equal to the cipher text, and (c), a little time in an ascii table will show you they are indeed the original text message.
Best of luck.
| |
The fencers participate at their own risk and discretion and are expected to follow the spirit of the tournament rules. Each bout should maintain a polite quality and instructions from tournament officials respected.
Bout Format
The fencers will start on either the blue or red end of the mat, and will be known by their colors during the bout.
The fencers will start at their respective starting position. The referee will ask table, judges and fencers if they are ready. When the bout is ready to start the referee will call the fencers to salute and begin the bout by calling “fence”.
When the referee calls “break”, the fencers must immediately halt their actions, separate and return to their starting position until the referee calls “fence” again.
If the score is equal when the bout ends, the bout is declared a draw. In the event of a draw during an elimination bout, the bout will continue to sudden death, the first fencer to win an exchange wins the bout. Aften the winner is announced the fencers salute and the referee will call the next bout.
If a fencer forfeits a bout for any reason they will also forfeit the rest of the current tournament, although they may participate in later tournaments.
Bout time
A bout is fought for 3 minutes or until one fencer has reached the score cap, whichever occurs first. The score cap for all weapons is 8 points. Finals will be up to three rounds of 3 minutes with a score cap of 8 per round and 1 minute break between rounds. The fencer who wins the most amount of rounds wins the match.
Timekeeping is not paused during the scoring. In case there is a longer break in the bout for any reason, the referee will call a time-out.
Ten seconds before the time limit is reached the table will call “Last exchange!”. That exchange will be allowed to be run to its end, so long as the fencers are actively engaging. If the exchange becomes too passive, the referee will end the bout.
If the point limit is reached or time has run out, the table will call “match”, and the referee will end the match by announcing the winner of the bout.
Rules and penalties
Each bout should be conducted in a safe and respectful manner. The penalties for transgressions against these guidelines ascend as follows.
Penalties:
-
Warning
-
Loss of point
-
Loss of bout
-
Disqualification from tournament
-
Removal from event
Bout protocol violations:
-
Not being ready when bout is announced
-
Unwarranted suspension of bout
-
Disrupting the order of the mat
-
Communicating with judges or referees during bout (This rule also applies to coaches)
Safety violations:
-
Striking after break is called
-
Turning the back towards opponent before break is called
-
Using unsuitable equipment
-
Removing protective equipment during the bout
-
Leaving the mat
-
Uncontrolled or dangerous fencing
-
Violent, dangerous or vindictive action ***
-
Intentionally trying to injure opponent ***
Sportsmanship violations:
-
Foul language
-
Not saluting opponent before of after bout
-
Celebrating hits or otherwise influencing judges (This rule also applies to coaches)
-
To favor the opponent or benefit from unauthorized agreements ***
-
Violation of sportsman spirit ***
Each warning is recorded in the bout protocol. A warning is valid for the bout at hand. If a fencer commits a transgression that results in a warning it will be recorded and every subsequent warning will result in a loss of 1 point.
Serious or repeated violation of rules may lead to disqualification or removal from the event at the discretion of the tournament manager. Fouls marked with *** may lead to disqualification without warning in serious cases.
Violation against sportsmanship includes, but is not limited to, using foul language, throwing equipment and threatening tournament officials.
In cases where an offense cannot be properly addressed by the referee during the bout it is possible for the referee or any of the fencers to make an appeal to the tournament manager. The manager has the opportunity to remove match points from a fencer for a violation that hasn’t been fully addressed during the bout.
Injuries
If a fencer is injured during the bout, the referee will call a time-out and the medical staff will examine the fencer. If the medical staff clears the fencer to continue and the fencer wishes to do so, the bout can proceed.
If the bout cannot continue within 3 minutes the injured fencer will automatically forfeit the bout.
If an injury occurs, all mats will halt ongoing bouts until the situation is cleared for the benefit of medical staff and the injured fencer. Please do not disturb staff while they work.
Equipment failure
The referee will call a time-out when any equipment malfunctions or is broken. If a fencer or judge notices an equipment failure, they should point it out to the referee.
If a piece of personal protective gear is broken, the fencer has 3 minutes to find a replacement. If this is not possible, the fencer will automatically forfeit the bout. | http://norgehema.no/en/oslo-penguin-cup-tournament-rules |
- Regular meetings of the City of Wilmington Board of Adjustment (the “Board) shall be scheduled by the Board.
- Special meetings may be called by the Chair or at the request of two members provided, that notice of the same has been given to each member, except that the announcement of a special meeting, at any meeting at which all the members are present, shall be sufficient notice of such meeting.
- A quorum of the Board shall consist of two members.
ARTICLE 2 – CASE BEFORE THE BOARD
- Every matter shall be brought to the Board of Adjustment on forms prepared by the Board which can be obtained at the Board’s web page or from the Department of Licenses and Inspections.
- In any case where the written consent of any person is required as a condition to the issuance of any permit by the Zoning Manager, no appeal or application shall be heard by this Board unless such written consents are filed with the Zoning Manager before the appeal or application to this Board is made.
- Every appeal or application for variation from or exception to the terms of the Building Zone Ordinance made by the owner, agent, architect or contractor, shall be taken within thirty days from the time for the refusal of a permit by the Zoning Manager or from the date of any order, ruling, decision or determination by such Zoning Manager from which the appeal or application is taken; and the appeal or application for rehearing of any other person affected or interested shall be taken within thirty days from the date of any permit granted.
- Appeals or applications shall be filed with the Secretary of this Board or his designee and the Zoning Manager notified by the appellant or applicant immediately in writing of such action thereof. It shall be the duty of the Zoning Manager to transmit to the Secretary of this Board all information, documents or papers bearing upon the application to him, together with a copy of his decision or determination.
- No communication purporting to be an appeal or application shall be regarded as such, unless it is made substantially in the form required.
- Upon receipt of any such communication, the writer shall be supplied with the proper forms for presenting his appeal, and if he fails to file with the Zoning Board of Adjustment the form properly filled out and executed, and to supply the required data within ten days from the date of refusal of a permit by the Zoning Manager or from the date of any order or decision of such Zoning Manager, his case may be dismissed for lack of prosecution.
ARTICLE 3 – THE CALENDAR
- Each appeal, filed in proper form, with the required data, shall be placed upon the Calendar of the Board by the Secretary thereof. The Calendar numbers shall begin anew on the first day of each month with the number of the month and year in which said appeal is filed. Each number shall be followed by a period. For example, the first matter heard in January 2018 heard in January would be 1.1.18.
- Appeals will be assigned for hearing in the order in which they appear on the calendar, except that an appeal may be advanced for hearing by the Board Chair, upon good cause being shown, or for the convenience of the Board if it so determined.
ARTICLE 4 – HEARINGS
- The appellant shall appear in his own behalf or be represented by counsel or agent at said hearing. At such hearing the appellant’s side of the case shall be first heard, the Zoning Manager or his representative next, members of the public next, and the appellant shall then be given an opportunity to reply thereto. No further argument shall be allowed unless by the unanimous consent of the Board.
- Members of the Public are limited to one public comment period of up to two minutes each per matter before the Board. The Chair may extend the time at the Chair’s discretion.
ARTICLE 5 – FINAL DISPOSITION OF APPEAL
- The final disposition of any appeal or application to the Board of Adjustment shall be in the form of a Resolution, which may reverse or affirm, wholly or partly, or may modify the order, requirement, decision or determination appealed from and may embody such order, requirement, decision or determination as ought to be made. The concurring vote of two members shall be necessary for a decision.
- Any appellant or applicant may withdraw his appeal or application at any time.
- When an appeal or application has been denied, any appellant or applicant may not resubmit the same or substantially similar request for at least six months.
ARTICLE 6 – REHEARINGS
- No rehearing of the decision by the Board of Adjustment shall be heard except:
- On a motion to reconsider the vote, or
- On a written request for a rehearing.
- If the motion to reconsider receives two affirmative votes, the Board of Adjustment may vote on the motion to grant said request for a rehearing, subject to such conditions as said Board may, by Resolution, in each case stipulate.
- No request to grant a rehearing will be entertained unless new evidence is submitted, which could not reasonably have been presented at the previous hearing. If the request for a rehearing is granted, the case shall be put on the Calendar for a rehearing. In all cases, the request for a rehearing shall be in writing, reciting the reasons for the request, and shall be duly verified and accompanied by the necessary data and diagrams. The person requesting the rehearing shall be notified to appear before the Board on a date to be set by said Board.
- Written requests for a rehearing must be received by the Board within 10 business days of the final resolution disposing of the matter.
ARTICLE 7 – OFFICERS
- The Chair shall be elected from the members of the Board who shall preside at all meetings and hearings of the Board. In the event of the absence or disability of the Chair, the Vice Chair shall be Acting Chair to preside at such meeting.
- The Vice Chair shall be elected from the members of the Board.
- The Chair, subject to these rules, shall decide all points of order or procedure, unless otherwise directed by a majority of the Board in session at that time.
- The Chair shall report at each meeting on all official transactions that do not otherwise come to the attention of the Board.
- The Chair shall, subject to these rules and further instructions from the Board, transact all official business of said Board, engage the necessary employees, direct their work and exercise general disciplinary powers.
- Subject to these rules and the direction of the Board, the Secretary, who shall be the Chief Engineer or his designee, shall conduct all official correspondence; sent out all notices required by these rules and the order of the Board; attend all meetings and hearings; keep the minutes of the Board’s proceedings; compile the required records; maintain the necessary files and indexes and generally supervise all the clerical work of the Board. Such records will be help in the Department of Licenses and Inspections.
- The Board shall have power to appoint an Assistant Secretary whose duty it shall be to perform such ministerial or other duties of the Secretary as he shall be required to perform by the Secretary.
- The Chair, or in his absence the Acting Chair, shall have the power to administer oaths and compel the attendance of witnesses.
ARTICLE 8 – FORMS
- The Board shall have the power to adopt forms that from time to time are necessary.
ARTICLE 9 – AMENDMENTS
- These rules may be amended or modified provided that such amendment be presented in writing at the regular meeting and action taken thereon at a subsequent regular meeting.
- For the amendment to take effect, it must be approved by the City’s Administrative Board.
ARTICLE 10 – RESOLUTIONS
- Every resolution not otherwise provided for shall require two affirmative votes of the Board for passage.
- Every resolution shall specify that, unless the applicant applies for the related building permit(s) within 1 year from the date of said resolution, said resolution shall be null and void and of no effect whatsoever. Application for any of the related building permits with will stay the one year deadline as long as applicant is actively pursuing the project.
ARTICLE 11 – RECORDS
- Records of appeals or applications to the Board of Adjustment shall be kept in the office of the said Board in the Zoning Manager’s Office, City Hall, in files, and each appeal or application shall be kept in a separate file and numbered serially. The files may be maintained electronically by the Zoning Manager. Regardless, said records shall be accessible to the public. | https://www.wilmingtonde.gov/government/boards-commissions-and-committees/zoning-board-of-adjustment/zba-rules-of-procedure |
Roasting a chicken will take approximately 20 minutes for every 500g of weight at 200 degrees Celsius (180 degrees Celsius for fan-forced ovens). So if you do the maths, it should take a 2kg chicken about 80 minutes (1 hour and 20 minutes) to cook.
How long does chicken take to cook 180?
*When to check the internal temperature – oven roasting uncovered, in a 350°F (180°C) oven.
…
Roasting.
|Cut||Internal Temperature||Average Cooking Time*|
|Whole chicken – unstuffed (1.5 kg raw)||180°F (82°C)||1 hour 40 minutes|
|Wings (90 g raw)||165°F (74°C)||25 minutes|
Can chicken be cooked at 180 degrees?
Current federal recommendations list various safe cooking temperatures for poultry, including 180°F for whole chickens and 170°F for breasts. … The temperature is also lethal for Campylobacter bacteria and avian influenza viruses, the USDA said.
What is the lowest temperature you can cook chicken at?
According to this article, also backed up with data from the USDA, you can cook chicken as low as 140F (60C) as long as the internal temperature of the bird reaches and maintains that temperature for at least 35 minutes.
How long does it take to cook chicken at 185 degrees?
It will take an 8-ounce bone-in chicken thigh 25 to 26 minutes to cook to an internal temperature of 180 to 185 degrees Fahrenheit using this method. Here’s the recipe.
How long does it take to cook chicken breast in oven at 180?
Preheat the oven to 200°C (180°C fan) mark 6. Line a baking tray with foil. Rub the chicken breasts with oil and season. Put on the tray and cook for 20-25 minutes, until cooked through.
How long does it take to cook a whole chicken at 200 degrees?
Preheat oven to 200°F. Place dish in oven; roast chicken, skin side up, 2 hours and 45 minutes or until a meat thermometer registers 155°F in meatiest part of breast and at least 165°F in meatiest part of thigh.
Why does my meat thermometer says 180 for poultry?
Chicken breasts are best at 144°F (62°C). 180°F ensures that both types of meat are ruined, but germ-free. At the high temperatures recommended by the government, almost all bacteria will be killed almost instantly. The meat will be thoroughly pasteurized and safe to eat.
Should you cook chicken at 185?
A whole roasted chicken is thoroughly cooked when it reaches an internal temperature of 185 degrees F/85 degrees C and pieces of chicken are thoroughly cooked when they reach an internal temperature of 165 degrees F/ 74 degrees C. The most accurate method of testing doneness is to use a thermometer.
Can you cook chicken at 175 degrees?
Leg and thigh meat is still safe at 165°F, but it is recommended to cook it to an internal temperature of about 170-175°F (77-79°C). The chicken’s legs are actively worked muscles, and the meat is tougher because of it. … This higher temperature will ensure that the dark meat becomes tender and juicy.
Is it better to cook chicken fast or slow?
The slower you cook chicken, the better. That’s the overall rule for cooking protein. Start by having the heat medium-high when you put the chicken breast in the pan. … Your oven will get splattered, but you will have tender chicken as long as you keep the skin on.
Can you eat chicken at 160?
It’s the most precise way of telling if the chicken is done. The perfect internal temperature is 165 degrees for dark meat, 160 degrees for white. If you don’t have an instant-read thermometer, you can always do a little cut into the middle to check that it’s just about opaque in the center.
Can you cook chicken at 160 degrees?
Heat oven to 160C/fan 140C/gas 3. Brush a large roasting tin all over with butter and smear some over the skin of the chicken. … Cook for 30 mins more, then remove the chicken and potatoes from the pan. Cover the chicken loosely with foil and leave to rest on a plate for at least 10 mins before carving.
Can you cook meat at 180 degrees?
180 degrees Fahrenheit is just about the lowest temperature setting most ovens can reach. … Patterson first experimented with this radically low cooking temperature using a whole pork shoulder, but he also regularly uses it for braised meat, like oxtail or short ribs. “It could be duck confit. It could be braised beef.
Is it safe to cook meat at 180 degrees?
Collagen starts to dissolve at 160 degrees and is fully dissolved at 180 degrees, with fall-off-the-bone tenderness. At this point, the meat is dryer, from losing a lot of moisture, but is as tender as meat can get. We considered meat cooked to “medium” at 160 degrees and “well done” at 180 degrees Fahrenheit.
Can you cook chicken at 190?
The secret to juicy baked chicken breasts is baking them at 375F (190C) and taking them out when the internal temperature has reached 165F (75C). It’s not too low or high, but just right for juicy, baked chicken breasts. … Since some ovens can run hot, a thermometer is a much better indicator of when the chicken is done. | https://mnnicespice.com/grill/how-long-does-it-take-to-cook-a-chicken-at-180-degrees.html |
Q:
Suppose that $n = p_1p_2 \cdots p_k$, where $p_1, p_2, .\ldots, p_k$ are distinct odd primes. Show that $a^{φ(n)+1} ≡ a\pmod n$
Question: Suppose that $n = p_1p_2 \cdots p_k$, where $p_1, p_2, \ldots , p_k$ are distinct odd primes. Show that $a^{φ(n)+1} ≡ a\pmod n$
So I assume since n contains a bunch of distinct odd primes, I'd say each value $pk$ is relatively coprime with one another.
So, $(p_i , p_j ) = 1 $
I have absolutely no clue where to go from here. Would I just use Fermat's Little Theorem from this point on? I'm only assuming FLT since $a^{φ(n)+1} ≡ a\pmod n$ seems to kind of be in the same form of $a^p ≡ a \pmod p$
A:
This is Euler's theorem, an extension of lil' Fermat.
Hint:
Use the Chinese remainder theorem:
$$\mathbf Z/n\mathbf Z\simeq \mathbf Z/p_1\mathbf Z\times\mathbf Z/p_2\mathbf Z\times\dots\times\mathbf Z/p_k\mathbf Z.$$
| |
Q:
UWP C# - listview change "item" background color depending of value (not the entire row)
The following code run when loading rows to listview what happens only once.
My ListView items only have 2 values - "x" and "n". I want the item("cell") with value "x" to have as background color Red.
The following code has 2 issues for me:
1) I do not want to specify all columns/items (goodFH, Position, etc) to have the "cell" Red if value = "x" (would like as pseudocode "if current cell value = "x" then Red")
2) args.ItemContainer.Background change the entire row background and not the "cell" I wish!
private void listViewContentChange(ListViewBase sender, ContainerContentChangingEventArgs args)
{
if (((Binding.Car)args.Item).GoodFH == "x")
{
args.ItemContainer.Background = (SolidColorBrush)Application.Current.Resources["Red"];
}
else
{
if (((Binding.Car)args.Item).Position == "x")
{
args.ItemContainer.Background =(SolidColorBrush)Application.Current.Resources["red"];
}
}
}
<DataTemplate x:DataType="data:Car">
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" HorizontalAlignment="Center">
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="20,20,0,0">
<TextBlock FontSize="18" Text="{x:Bind GoodFH}" HorizontalAlignment="Right" Height="20" Width="158"></TextBlock>
<TextBlock FontSize="18" Text="{x:Bind Position }" HorizontalAlignment="Right" Height="20" Width="78"></TextBlock>
<TextBlock FontSize="18" Text="{x:Bind PathFHfs}" HorizontalAlignment="Right" Height="20" Width="78"></TextBlock>
<TextBlock FontSize="18" Text="{x:Bind PathBHFlSp }" HorizontalAlignment="Right" Height="20" Width="78"></TextBlock>
Any Help? Hope the question is understandable!
A:
As far as I known, we can not change the Background of the cell by setting the ItemContainer.Background.
We should be able to set the TextBlock in the Grid that we can change the Background of the Grid.
Also we can use the bind to set the Background of the Grid. To bind the "GoodFH" to the Background, we should be able to use the IValueConverter.
For example:
The MyValueConverters.cs code:
public object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, string language)
{
if (value.ToString() == "x")
{
return new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Red);
}
return new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Transparent);
}
public object ConvertBack(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, string language)
{
return value;
}
The XAML code:
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<local:MyValueConverters x:Key="MyConverter" />
</Page.Resources>
<Grid Background="{ThemeResource ApplicationPageBackgroundThemeBrush}">
<ListView Name="MyListView" ItemsSource="{x:Bind Cars}" ContainerContentChanging="listViewContentChange">
<ListView.ItemTemplate>
<DataTemplate x:DataType="local:Car">
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" VerticalAlignment="Stretch">
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="20,20,0,0">
<Grid Background="{x:Bind GoodFH,Converter={StaticResource MyConverter}}">
<TextBlock FontSize="18" Text="{x:Bind GoodFH}" HorizontalAlignment="Right" Height="20" Width="158"></TextBlock>
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<Grid Background="{x:Bind Position,Converter={StaticResource MyConverter}}">
<TextBlock FontSize="18" Text="{x:Bind Position }" HorizontalAlignment="Right" Height="20" Width="78"></TextBlock>
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<TextBlock FontSize="18" Text="{x:Bind PathFHfs}" HorizontalAlignment="Right" Height="20" Width="78"></TextBlock>
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| |
The loop must pass through each black circle making a right angle and must continue straight for at least one additional square before and after the turn.
The loop must pass straight through each white circle, but must make a 90 degree turn immediately before and/or immediately after passing through a white circle.
There must be a single closed loop and it cannot pass through the same square twice.
A black circle on the edge or one square away from the edge must extend toward the center.
Two adjacent black circles must move away from each other.
A white circle on the outer border must go parallel to the border. If two white circles on the border are adjacent or have only one space between them, both must turn inward after they connect.
Three or more consecutive white circles force the path to pass through them separately as shown. The path cannot pass straight through all of them without violating the turn constraint of the middle one.
A black circle diagonally adjacent to two white circles in the same row or column must move away from them. More generally, the path through a black circle cannot make a corner around any white circle.
Reapply the above conditions again and after any significant progress. Each additional segment of the path that is known adds more boundary to the unsolved portion. The new segments created an edge near a white circle and a black circle restricting the way the path must pass through those cells.
Intersecting another part of the path. Do not create any 3 or 4-way junctions.
Forming a closed loop that is smaller than the complete solution. There must be only one loop.
Creating a closed off region that contains an odd number of endpoints. This will create a string, but there will be no way to connect the loose ends to close the loop.
A white circle two cells away from a black circle can impose a restriction since it the path extends from the black circle to the white circle it is forced to immediately turn. If this is not possible, then the path from the black circle must extend in the opposite direction.
Look for any region that is almost closed off from the rest of the puzzle. Any isolated region must contain an even number of endpoints.
Continue to look for obstructions similar to those above created by the new parts of the path drawn. For example, if any part of the loop passes parallel to and adjacent a white circle, then you must pass through the white circle in the same direction to avoid creating a 3-way junction.
As most of the solution gets filled in, switch from thinking locally to thinking globally. Getting a good start requires local observations like those described in step one. Finishing the puzzle requires focus on avoiding small loops and dead ends.
If you know the puzzle is intended to have a unique solution, sometimes this can be used to help. If connecting one way would lead to multiple solutions, then connect the other way. This could have been applied to the four isolated endpoints in the upper right in step 5. There are three ways to connect them horizontally without affecting any other part of the puzzle, but only one way to connect them vertically. The risk in using this is that if a puzzle does have multiple solutions, this assumption may lead you to miss all of them.
Example puzzle by Murat, from http://www.puzzlepicnic.com/puzzle?1776 Puzzle Picnic #1776.
wikiHow is a “wiki,” similar to Wikipedia, which means that many of our articles are co-written by multiple authors. To create this article, 9 people, some anonymous, worked to edit and improve it over time. This article has also been viewed 33,646 times.
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 33,646 times. | https://www.wikihow.com/Solve-a-Masyu-Puzzle |
Hello knitters,
Happy New Year! We hope you've had a warm and wooly festive season.
The lace collar of our Hadley Jumper has been proving tricky for some of you so we've decided to focus this week on this section of the jumper pattern, in particular the casting off method used.
The lace collar is created by turning your work midway of a row (known as short rows). Each time a stitch is slipped as a decrease, it will create a loop with a stretchy collar.
Step 1
Follow the pattern to knit the front panel of the jumper. The 2 unworked stitches on centre-left and centre-right of the front panel form the start of the lace collar.
Step 2
First row of lace collar (right): Knit x amount of stitches as outlined in pattern.
Step 3
Turn your work around.
Step 4
Slip a stitch from your left to your right needle purlwise.
Step 5
Purl x amount of stitches as outlined in pattern.
Step 6
Repeat for x amount of rows as outlined in pattern.
Step 1
Knit two together through the back loop. Ensure your right needle goes through the back of the stitches, behind your left needle.
Step 2
Slip the stitch on the right needle back on to left needle purlwise.
Step 3
Repeat steps 1-2 until you have cast off the total number of stitches as outlined in pattern.
To begin shaping left collar, your working yarn now needs to start on the opposite
side of your needle.
Step 1
Slip all stitches entirely from your left needle onto your right needle.
Step 2
Turn your work so that the wrong side is facing you and cut your current working yarn leaving a tail of 15cm.
Step 3
Rejoin your yarn at the opposite side.
The left front collar is created in the same way as the right, only using Purl instead of Knit stitches, as outlined in pattern.
For more help check out our Tutorials. Happy knitting!
Don’t forget to share your story #stitchandstory #yarnmazing
Comments will be approved before showing up. | https://www.stitchandstory.us/blogs/knitting-tips/hadley-jumper-how-to-shape-the-lace-collar |
Now we think about the problems we are going to solve. In statistical mechanics, the most ideal method is to solve the Liouville equation directly and leave only initial condition missing for the problem. However, solving the Liouville equation is so hard for complicated problems we finally thinking about dropping some dynamics. This is no big deal as we already dropped initial condition and makes our solution probabilistic.
Now the question is what to drop. For non-interacting systems, the solution comes directly from Liouville equation. It’s interactions that makes our life so hard (yet make us alive). So we would like to make approximations on interactions.
For non-interacting systems, \(\Gamma\) space can actually be reduced to \(\mu\) space which is spanned by the freedoms of only one particle. Here we need to address the fact that we are dealing with identical particles.
Actually we are not trying to reduce to \(\mu\) space exactly. We just want to make the dimension as less as possible. So we want to talk about some reduced quantities.
This shows exactly why stat mech is hard. The smaller s is, the easier the solution. BUT we see that to find out \(s=1\), we need \(s=2\) and the hierarchy never cut. What do we do? We cut manually.
The reason that a system is irreversible is because we lost information. In other words, the correlation function of time is shorter as the any system would be coupled to the reservoir. So any system would transfer information to the reservoir and the information just runs aways deep into the reservoir. With information loss the system can not be reversible. More quantum mechanically, the system loses information throught entanglement (mostly).
where \(d\tau d\omega\) is the infinitesemal volume in \(\mu\) space, \(\rho(\vec r,\vec v, t)\) is the probability density.
Boltzmann proved that this quantity can not decrease using Boltzmann equation.
This result shows the statistical mechanics view of the second law of thermodynamics, which says that adiabatic process can never decrease the entropy of a system.
As we said previously, the ideal situation is that we solve Liouville equation directly and exactly. However, it’s not generally possible. So we turn to some mesoscropic method for help.
We start from microscopic equation, work on them, them trucate at some point, meaning approximation. Then use the approximated result to calculate the marcoscopic quantities.
An example of this method is that we divide a box of gas into two parts. Then we talk about only two states which is LEFT state and RIGHT state instead of the phase space states.
The first equation means that the change of probability that a particle in LEFT state is rate from RIGHT to LEFT time the probability that the particle is in RIGHT state, minus the rate from LEFT state to RIGHT state times the probability that the particle is in LEFT state. This is just simply an linear model of gaining and losing.
It becomes interesting that we can discribe the system in such an easy way. Will it work? We’ll see.
The important thing is that these equations are linear.
Now we can start form these equations instead of the Liouville equation to solve the problem. It’s called mesoscopic. The next thing is to connect these mesoscopic equations to the microscopic equations.
Derive Boltzmann equation from classical scattering theory of rigid balls.
Derive continuity equation from Boltzmann equation.
The idea is to find out an equation for one particle probability density \(f_j(\vec r, \vec v_j,t)\) by considering the number of particles into this state and out of state due to collision. Since we can find all contributions to \(f_j\) by applying scattering theory of classical particles, this equation can be written down explicitly which turns out to be an integrodifferential equation.
Consider the situation after a short time \(dt\) we can write down the change of particle numbers due to collision and finally we will get Boltzmann equation.
where \(\vec X\) is the external force on the particle, prime denotes the quantity after collision, \(b\) is the impact parameter.
In the derivation, the most important part is to identify the number of particles into and out of this state due to collision.
We can derive from Boltzmann equation the Enskog’s equation then simplify to continuity equation by picking up an conserved quantity as \(\psi_i\) in Enskog’s equation.
Continuity equation is alway true for such an conserved system so this results is very conceivable.
H theorem says that the quantity \(H\) can not decrease. The requirements of course should be that in a classical, particle number conserved system.
There were two objections on H theorem.
Zermelo: Poincare recursion theorem says an equilibrium system can go back to inequilibrium.
To Loschmidt’s questioning, Boltzmann pointed out that H theorem is a statistical theorem rather than mechanics theorem. Quantities in this theorem like \(f\) are statistical average not the quantity of exactly which particle.
Zermelo’s objection is not valid because the recursion time is extremely long.
© Copyright 2017, Lei Ma. | On GitHub | Index of Statistical Mechanics | Created with Sphinx1.2b2. | http://statisticalphysics.openmetric.org/nonequilibrium/important-questions.html |
Russia's fifth-generation Su-57 fighter jet took to the skies for the first time on January 29, 2010. The Su-57 is a multirole fighter designed to destroy all types of air, ground and naval targets. The Su-57 fighter jet features stealth technology with the broad use of composite materials, is capable of developing supersonic cruising speed and is furnished with the most advanced onboard radio-electronic equipment, including a powerful onboard computer (the so-called electronic second pilot), the radar system spread across its body and some other innovations, in particular, armament placed inside its fuselage. Compared to its predecessors, the Su-57 combines the functions of an attack plane and a fighter jet while the use of composite materials and innovation technologies and the fighter’s aerodynamic configuration ensure the low level of radar and infrared signature. | |
Captain America: Civil War is holding strong at the box office for a second weekend in a row.
The film, which stars Chris Evans as Captain America and his fellow Avengers Robert Downey, Jr., Scarlett Johansson, and Jeremy Renner, brought in $72 million this weekend, bringing the U.S. total to $296 million. Captain America: Civil War has brought in $645 million overseas to date.
This weekend’s totals for Captain America: Civil War makes it the eight largest second-weekend grossing film of all time and the seventh largest 10 day total of all time.
The Jungle Book held on to second place with a $17.8 million U.S. box office haul in its fifth week on release, taking its international tally past the $800 million mark.
Director Jodie Foster’s Money Monster, which was a big hit at the Cannes Film Festival last week, debuted in the third slot with a $15 million opening weekend. While we didn’t think the film was that amazing, those at the film festival gave a four minute standing ovation at the end of Cannes premiere on May 12th.
The Darkness and Mother’s Day, round out the remaining top five.
Did you go to the theaters this weekend? We’d love to hear what you saw and loved… or didn’t love! Share with us in our comment section below. | https://www.fanbolt.com/77973/captain-america-still-holding-strong-u-s-global-box-office/ |
An easy dill pickle recipe, perfect for preserving pickling cucumbers.
Prepare canner, jars and lids. Wash the jars, lids and screw bands in hot, soapy water. Rinse well and drain (you don't need to dry them). Place a rack in the bottom of a boiling-water canner, then place the required number of jars on the rack. Add water to the jars and the canner until it reaches the top of the jars. Cover the canner and bring the water to a simmer (180 degrees F) over medium heat. Do not boil the jars. Keep jars hot until you're ready to use them. Place the lids in a small saucepan, cover with water and bring to a simmer (180 degrees F) over medium heat. Again, do not boil the lids. Keep lids hot until you're ready to use them. Set the screw bands aside, they do not require heating.
In a large stainless steel saucepan, combine vinegar, water, sugar, pickling salt and spice bag. Bring to a boil over medium-high heat, stirring to dissolve the sugar and salt. Reduce the heat and boil gently for 15 minutes.
Working with one jar at a time, remove a jar from the canner, pouring hot water back into the canner. Place the jar on a heat-protected work surface, such as a wooden cutting board or towel. Place 1 bay leaf, 1 garlic clove, ½ teaspoon mustard seeds and 1½ teaspoons dill seeds into each jar. Pack cucumber slices into hot jars to within a generous ½-inch of the top of the jar. Ladle hot pickling liquid into the jar to cover the cucumbers, leaving ½-inch headspace. Slide a nonmetallic utensil, such as a rubber spatula, down between the food and the inside of the jar two or three times to release air bubbles. Adjust headspace, if necessary, by adding more hot pickling liquid. With a clean damp cloth or paper towel, wipe jar rim and threads. Using a magnetic or nonmetallic utensil, lift a hot lid from the water and place it on the jar, centering the sealing compound on the rim of the jar. Place a screw band on the jar. With your fingers, screw band down until resistance is met, then increase to fingertip-tight. (Do not use excessive force to tighten.) Return the jar to the rack in the hot water-filled canner. Repeat filling steps until all jars are filled.
When all of the jars are in the canner, adjust the water level in the canner so that it covers the jars by at least 1 inch. Cover the canner with a lid and bring the water to a full rolling boil over high heat. Once the water is boiling hard and continuously, process (continue boiling) for 15 minutes. Turn off the heat, remove the lid and let sit for 5 minutes. After 5 minutes, remove the jars, lifting them out of the hot water without tilting them. Don't dry the lids or jars at this point. You don't want to disturb the lids while the seal is being formed. Place the jars upright on a towel in a draft-free place and let cool, undisturbed, for 24 hours.
When the processed jars have cooled for 24 hours, check the lids for seal. Remove the screw bands and with your fingers, press down on the center of each lid. Sealed lids will be concave (they'll curve downward) and will show no movement when pressed. Jars that have not sealed properly must be refrigerated immediately. Use unsealed refrigerated product within a few days. For the jars that have good seals, with a damp cloth, thoroughly wipe lids and jar surfaces to remove any water residue or food particles. Store the sealed jars of jam in a cool, dark place for up to 1 year.
Note: In place of the dill seeds, you can substitute 5 heads of fresh dill (the yellow flower portion) or 2 teaspoons dried dillweed for each jar (10 teaspoons total). | https://www.browneyedbaker.com/wprm_print/46000 |
The shortage of transport infrastructure investments and coordinated policy instruments, the increasing volume of private vehicles around many European and global cities over the past few decades, and the shock caused by COVID-19 pandemic, have originated one of the most transformational periods in Transportation’s history. Previously predominant trends and business models are now being challenged or even scrapped, and new mobility services and transport modes, such as autonomous vehicles, ride-sharing, Mobility as a Service promise solutions for decreasing car ownership (thus mitigating traffic congestion), as well as contributing to a more sustainable transport network [1, 2]. To successfully implement such business models and services, it is necessary to go beyond the traditional traffic management systems to coordinate and manage the traffic network and optimize traffic flows of our future cities.
The FRONTIER project introduces the Autonomous Network and Traffic Management Engine (ANTME) facilitating the integration of different modes for both passengers and freight, by realising interoperability among control centres dedicated to the management of various transportation services. Using predictive analytics, anomaly detection, and event driven identification and classification algorithms emerging situations on the different transportation services will be defined and will delineate scenarios which may unfold in the near future. For each scenario, ANTME will dynamically generate response plans using a knowledge base of network states and management strategies.
In this way, the future traffic management systems will incorporate multimodal strategies among the stakeholders, providing common situational awareness and response plans which will ensure the operational smoothness of the network.
Written by IBI Group, which leads the related work package, responsible to design and deliver the Autonomous Network and Traffic Management Engine in FRONTIER Project.
References
- HERE (2017). How autonomous vehicles could relieve or worsen traffic congestion. https://www.here.com/sites/g/files/odxslz166/files/2018-12/HERE_How_autonomous_vehicles_could_relieve_or_worsen_traffic_congestion_white_paper.pdf
- Liljamo, T., Liimatainen, H., Pöllänen, M., & Viri, R. (2021). The effects of Mobility as a Service and Autonomous Vehicles on People’s Willingness to Own a Car in the Future. Sustainability, 13(4), 1962. | http://frontier-project.eu/blog/thinking-beyond-traditional-traffic-management-systems |
---
abstract: 'According to the mean-field theory a condensed Bose-Bose mixture collapses when the interspecies attraction becomes stronger than the geometrical average of the intraspecies repulsions, $g_{12}^2>g_{11} g_{22}$. We show that instead of collapsing such a mixture gets into a dilute liquid-like droplet state stabilized by quantum fluctuations thus providing a direct manifestation of beyond mean-field effects. We study various properties of the droplet and find, in particular, that in a wide range of parameters its excitation spectrum lies entirely above the particle emission threshold. The droplet thus automatically evaporates itself to zero temperature, the property potentially interesting by itself and from the viewpoint of sympathetic cooling of other systems.'
author:
- 'D. S. Petrov'
title: '[ Quantum Mechanical Stabilization of a Collapsing Bose-Bose Mixture]{}'
---
The mean-field and the first beyond mean-field contribution, the famous Lee-Huang-Yang (LHY) correction, to the ground state energy of a homogeneous weakly-repulsive Bose gas read [@LHY] $$\label{LHYscalar}
E/V=(gn^2/2)(1+128\sqrt{na^3}/15\sqrt{\pi}+...),$$ where $n$ is the density and $a>0$ and $g=4\pi\hbar^2a/m$ are, respectively, the scattering length and coupling constant characterizing the interparticle interaction. The LHY correction originates from the zero-point motion of the Bogoliubov excitations and is thus intrinsically quantum. It is also universal in the sense that it depends only on the two-body scattering length and not on other parameters of the two-body or higher-order interactions. Quite naturally the experimental observation of this fundamental beyond mean-field effect came from the field of ultra-cold gases [@Altmeyer2007; @Shin2008; @Navon2010; @Papp2008; @Pollack2009; @Navon2011], where the gas parameter $na^3$ and, therefore, the relative contribution of the LHY term, can be enhanced by using Feshbach resonances [@ChinRMP]. Note however that the effect is perturbative; for $na^3\sim 1$ higher order terms and processes, in particular, three-body decay, come into play. A different situation is predicted for spinor gases where quantum fluctuations lift the degeneracy in the ground-state manifold [@Song2007; @Turner2007] or lead to quantum mass acquisition [@Phuc2014].
In this Letter we point out that in a Bose-Bose mixture the mean-field term and the LHY term depend on the inter- and intraspecies coupling constants in a different manner. Therefore, one can independently control them and make them comparable to each other without ever leaving the weakly-interacting regime. In particular, an interesting situation[, impossible in the single-component case,]{} arises when the mean-field term, $\propto n^2$, is negative and the LHY one, $\propto n^{5/2}$, is positive. Because of its steeper density scaling the quantum LHY repulsion neutralizes the mean-field attraction and stabilizes the system against collapse. The mixture can then exist as a droplet in equilibrium with vacuum without any external trapping [@Skyrme]. This phenomenon [ naturally suggests a proof-of-principle experiment for observing the LHY quantum correction. The droplet can be prepared from currently available homo- and heteronuclear atomic mixtures by tuning the inter- and intraspecies scattering lengths into the unstable (from the mean-field viewpoint) region and by releasing the trap. We argue that several properties of the droplet are very unusual for ultracold gases and can have interesting implications. In particular, we predict that the droplet can have a peculiar excitation spectrum containing only a continuum part and very few or no discrete modes (usually associated with collective excitations: surface waves, breathing mode, etc.) This means that starting from an ordinary finite-temperature trapped condensed mixture one arrives at a macroscopic zero-temperature object; excitations corresponding to the continuum spectrum evaporate when the trap is switched off. The droplet can then be adiabatically manipulated (for instance, be trapped again) and used as a bath for sympathetic cooling of other systems. Another interesting property of the droplet is that its density can be strongly increased by going deeper into the unstable region and one can, in a controllable fashion, prepare an unprecedentally dense ultracold gas and study its optical properties, inelastic decay, etc.]{}
Let us choose the path-integral representation for the Bose-Bose mixture governed by the action $S=\int d^3 {\bf r} dt\mathcal{L}[\Psi_1({\bf r},t),\Psi_1^*({\bf r},t),\Psi_2({\bf r},t),\Psi_2^*({\bf r},t)]$ with the Lagrangian density $$\label{LagrDensBare}
\mathcal{L}=\sum_i\Bigl[{\rm Re}(i\Psi_i^*\dot{\Psi}_i)-\frac{|\nabla_{\bf r}\Psi_i|^2}{2m_i}+\mu_i n_i\Bigr]-\sum_{ij} \frac{g_{ij}}{2}n_in_j,$$ where $\mu_i$ is the chemical potential and $n_i({\bf r})=|\Psi_i({\bf r})|^2$ density of the $i$-th component, $g_{ii}=4\pi a_{ii}/m_{i}$ and $g_{12}=2\pi a_{12}/m_{\bf r}$ are, respectively, the intra- and interspecies coupling constants, $m_{\bf r}=m_1 m_2/(m_1+m_2)$, and we set $\hbar=1$.
In the mean-field approximation the system is stable when the quadratic form $\sum_{ij} g_{ij}n_in_j$ is positive definite, which requires simultaneously $g_{11}>0$, $g_{22}>0$, and $g_{12}^2<g_{11}g_{22}$. The classical ground state is characterized by uniform condensate densities $n_i$ satisfying $\sum_j g_{ij}n_j=\mu_i$. In the weakly-interacting regime quantum fluctuations are weak and one can expand $\mathcal{L}$ up to quadratic terms in $\Psi'_i$ and $\Psi^{'*}_i$, where $\Psi'_i=\Psi_i-\sqrt{n_i}$, thus arriving at the Gaussian path integral. The validity condition for this approximation is simply $na^3\ll 1$ (here and after for qualitative estimates we omit subscripts assuming that the masses are of the same order of magnitude, $m_1\sim m_2 \sim m$, and the same holds for the densities, $n_1\sim n_2\sim n$, and scattering lengths, $a_{11}\sim a_{22}\sim |a_{12}|\sim a$). The equations of motion $\delta \mathcal{L}/\delta \Psi^{'*}_i=0$ and $\delta \mathcal{L}/\delta \Psi'_i=0$ give two Bogoliubov excitation branches [@Larsen; @Oles] $$\label{Epm}
E_{k,\pm}=\sqrt{\frac{\omega_1^2+\omega_2^2}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{(\omega_1^2-\omega_2^2)^2}{4}+\frac{g_{12}^2n_1n_2k^4}{m_1m_2}}},$$ where $\omega_i=\sqrt{g_{ii}n_ik^2/m_i+(k^2/2m_i)^2}$ are the Bogoliubov spectra for the individual components.
The LHY correction is the zero-point energy corresponding to the Bogoliubov modes (\[Epm\]). The explicit expression for its density reads [@Larsen] $$\begin{aligned}
\label{LHYcontrib}
\frac{E_{\rm LHY}}{V}\!&\!=\!&\!\int\! \frac{d^3 k}{2(2\pi)^3} \left[ E_{+,k}+E_{-,k}-\frac{k^2}{2m_{\bf r}}-g_{11}n_1-g_{22}n_2\right.\nonumber\\
&+&\left.\frac{m_1g_{11}^2n_1^2+m_2g_{22}^2n_2^2+4m_{\bf r} g_{12}^2n_1n_2}{k^2}\right]\end{aligned}$$ and can be rewritten as $$\label{LHYrescaled}
E_{\rm LHY}/V=\frac{8}{15\pi^2}m_1^{3/2}(g_{11} n_1)^{5/2}f\left(\frac{m_2}{m_1},\frac{g_{12}^2}{g_{11}g_{22}},\frac{g_{22}n_2}{g_{11}n_1}\right),$$ where $f>0$ is dimensionless. For $m_2=m_1$ and for trivial cases, such as $n_i=0$ or $g_{12}=0$, the two excitation branches (\[Epm\]) have the form of the usual single-component Bogoliubov spectra and the integral in Eq. (\[LHYcontrib\]) is analytic. In particular, for equal masses $f(1,x,y)= \sum_{\pm}(1+y\pm\sqrt{(1-y)^2+4xy})^{5/2}/4\sqrt{2}$. In any case, the main contribution to the integral in Eq. (\[LHYcontrib\]) comes from momenta of order $1/\xi_{\rm h}=\sqrt{mgn}$.
Let us now introduce $\delta g=g_{12}+\sqrt{g_{11}g_{22}}$ and discuss the unstable regime when $\delta g$ is negative but small compared to $g_{11}>0$ and $g_{22}>0$. The mechanical instability can be understood by diagonalizing the mean-field term $\sum_{i,j=1,2}g_{ij}n_in_j/2=\sum_{\pm}\lambda_{\pm}n_{\pm}^2$, where $\lambda_{-}\approx \delta g\sqrt{g_{11}g_{22}}/(g_{11}+g_{22})$ is negative and small, $\lambda_{+}\approx (g_{11}+g_{22})/2$, $n_{-}=(n_1\sqrt{g_{22}}+n_2\sqrt{g_{11}})/\sqrt{g_{11}+g_{22}}$, and $n_{+}=(n_1\sqrt{g_{11}}-n_2\sqrt{g_{22}})/\sqrt{g_{11}+g_{22}}$. It is energetically favorable to maximize $n_{-}^2$ and minimize $n_{+}^2$, i.e., increase both densities while preserving the ratio $n_2/n_1={\rm const}=\sqrt{g_{11}/g_{22}}$. [ The instability also manifests itself in the fact that $E_{k,-}$ becomes complex for small momenta $k\sim \sqrt{m|\delta g|n}$. However, for $k\sim 1/\xi_{\rm h} \gg \sqrt{m|\delta g|n}$, i.e., in the region mostly contributing to the LHY term, both modes $E_{k,-}$ and $E_{k,+}$ are insensitive to small variations of $\delta g$ and, in particular, to its sign. Note that the global increase in densities leads to the hardening of these modes and to the growth of the corresponding zero-point energy $\propto n^{5/2}$ which is faster than the mean-field energy gain $\propto n^2$. One can thus say that the long-wave-length instability is cured by quantum-mechanical fluctuations at shorter wave lengths.]{}
More formally, let us introduce a characteristic momentum $p_c$ such that $\sqrt{m|\delta g|n} \ll p_c \ll 1/\xi_{\rm h}$. One can then obtain an effective low-energy theory by integrating out the modes with $p>p_c$ from the initial problem. The result is that the effective Lagrangian density (for the low-momentum part of $\Psi_i$) is given by Eq. (\[LagrDensBare\]) minus the zero-point energy of the high-energy modes. The latter is given by Eq. (\[LHYcontrib\]) or (\[LHYrescaled\]), where one can set $g_{12}^2=g_{11}g_{22}$ neglecting small finite-$\delta g$ corrections and extending the integration interval $p_c<k<\infty$ to $0<k<\infty$ by using the fact that the low-momentum contribution to Eq. (\[LHYcontrib\]) is negligible.
As a result of the competition between the attractive mean-field term $\propto n^2$ and repulsive LHY term $\propto n^{5/2}$ the mixture can exist at finite density without any trapping, i.e., in equilibrium with vacuum. Note that the LHY term competes with the [ attractive term]{} $\lambda_{-}n_{-}^2$ but it is still much too weak compared to $\lambda_{+}n_{+}^2$. This locks the ratio of the equilibrium densities $n_2^{(0)}/n_1^{(0)}=\sqrt{g_{11}/g_{22}}$. Then, omitting the numerical prefactors, the structure of the interaction part of the energy functional reads $gn_{+}^2-|\delta g|n_{-}^2+m^{3/2}(gn_{-})^{5/2}$ leading to the equilibrium value $n_{-}^{(0)}\sim \delta g^2/m^3g^5\sim (\delta g/g)^2/a^3$. This means that the system remains weakly interacting (gaseous parameter $na^3\ll 1$) under the condition $(\delta g/g)^2\ll 1$. More quantitatively, we obtain $$\label{Density}
n_1^{(0)}=\frac{25\pi}{1024}\frac{1}{f^2(m_2/m_1,1,\sqrt{g_{22}/g_{11}})}\frac{1}{a_{11}^3}\frac{\delta g^2}{g_{11}g_{22}},
%/f^{2}\left(\frac{m_2}{m_1},1,\sqrt{\frac{g_{22}}{g_{11}}}\right)\frac{\delta g^2}{g_{11}g_{22}}\frac{1}{a_{11}^3}
%\frac{1}{f^2(m_2/m_1,1,\sqrt{g_{22}/g_{11}})}.
%\left(1+\sqrt{\frac{g_{22}}{g_{11}}}\right)^{-5}.$$ and explicitly for equal masses $$\label{DensEqMass}
n_i^{(0)}|_{m_1=m_2}=\frac{25\pi}{1024}\frac{(a_{12}+\sqrt{a_{11}a_{22}})^2}{a_{11}a_{22}\sqrt{a_{ii}}(\sqrt{a_{11}}+\sqrt{a_{22}})^5}.$$
For finite particle numbers the system is in the droplet state. In order to study its density profile and low-lying excitations we simplify the problem by setting $\Psi_i({\bf r},t)=\sqrt{n_i^{(0)}}\phi({\bf r},t)$, where $\phi({\bf r},t)$ is a scalar wave function [@remPhase]. This assumption neglects possible relative motion of the components, i.e., [ energy-expensive fluctuations of $n_{+}$]{}, and more exotic situations such as, for example, vortex excitations characterized by different charges in the two components. However, it is justified for the ground state of the droplet and the [ low-energy]{} part of its spectrum. With this reservation, the effective theory for the field $\phi({\bf r},t)$ is governed by the action [ $$\label{Lagrphi}
S=\eta\int d^3 \tilde{\bf r} d\tilde{t}[{\rm Re}(i\phi^*\partial_{\tilde{t}} \phi)-\tilde\epsilon(\phi,\phi^*)+\tilde{\mu}|\phi|^2],$$ where $\eta=(2/3)|\delta g|n_1^{(0)}n_2^{(0)}\xi^3\tau$ and $\tilde\epsilon(\phi,\phi^*)=|\nabla_{\tilde{\bf r}} \phi|^2/2-3|\phi|^4/2+|\phi|^5$ is the rescaled energy density.]{} We have introduced the rescaled coordinate $\tilde{\bf r}={\bf r}/\xi$ and time $\tilde{t}=t/\tau$, where $$\label{xitau}
\xi=\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}\frac{\sqrt{g_{22}}/m_1+\sqrt{g_{11}}/m_2}{|\delta g|\sqrt{g_{11}}n_1^{(0)}}},\;\tau=\frac{3}{2}\frac{\sqrt{g_{11}}+\sqrt{g_{22}}}{|\delta g|\sqrt{g_{11}}n_1^{(0)}}.$$ In what follows we denote rescaled quantities by tilde.
Since the coefficient $\eta$ is large, $\eta\sim (g/|\delta g|)^{5/2}\gg 1$, the problem (\[Lagrphi\]) can be treated (quasi)classically. The equation of motion reads $$\label{EqMot}
i\partial_{\tilde{t}}\phi = (-\nabla_{\tilde{\bf r}}^2/2-3|\phi|^2+5|\phi|^3/2-\tilde{\mu})\phi$$ and the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation for the ground state is obtained by setting $\phi(\tilde{\bf r},\tilde{t})=\phi_0(\tilde{\bf r})$ [@remMGP]. The chemical potential $\tilde{\mu}$ is fixed by the normalization condition $\tilde{N}=\int d^3\tilde{r}|\phi_0|^2$, where $\tilde{N}$ is related to the number of particles of the $i$-th component by $N_i=n_i^{(0)}\xi^3\tilde{N}$. The uniform solution for infinite $\tilde{N}$ corresponds to $\phi_0\equiv 1$ and $\tilde{\mu}=-1/2$.
For large but finite $\tilde{N}$ the ground state is a spherical droplet of large radius $\tilde{R}\approx (3\tilde{N}/4\pi)^{1/3}$ with approximately unit bulk (saturation) density. Near the surface, if we denote by $\tilde{x}$ the coordinate normal to it, the wave function $\phi_0(\tilde{x})$ [ satisfies the one-dimensional GP equation of the form $d^2\phi_0(\tilde{x})/d\tilde{x}^2=-d U(\phi_0)/d\phi_0$, which describes the classical motion of a particle with coordinate $\phi_0$ and time $\tilde{x}$ in the potential $U(\phi_0)$ [@1Dsoliton]. The integral of motion $(d\phi_0/d\tilde{x})^2/2+U(\phi_0)=0$ can be integrated again resulting in the implicit formula for $\phi_0(\tilde{x})$,]{} $$\label{Interface}
\tilde{x}(\phi_0)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\ln\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{1+2\phi_0}}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{1+2\phi_0}}+\ln\frac{\sqrt{1+2\phi_0}+1}{\sqrt{1+2\phi_0}-1},$$ from which we see that the surface thickness is of order $\xi$ (in initial units). That the corresponding momentum scale $1/\xi$ is much smaller than $p_c$ a posteriori justifies the applicability of the low-energy effective theory (\[Lagrphi\]). [ The surface tension equals $\tilde{\sigma}=\int d\tilde{x}[\tilde\epsilon(\phi_0,\phi^*_0)-\tilde\mu|\phi_0|^2]=3(1+\sqrt{3})/35$ and we]{} obtain the spectrum of the droplet’s surface modes (ripplons) [ valid in the limit of large $\tilde{N}$]{} [@Barranco] $$\label{Ripplons}
\tilde{\omega}_l=\sqrt{(4\pi/3)l(l-1)(l+2)\tilde{\sigma}/\tilde{N}},$$ where [ $l>0$]{} is the angular momentum. [ The dipolar mode ($l=1$) can be regarded as a center-of-mass displacement of the droplet, therefore $\tilde{\omega}_1\equiv 0$]{}.
![Upper panel: the droplet wave function vs radial coordinate for $\tilde{N}=\tilde{N}_c\approx 18.65$ (solid), $\tilde{N}=30$ (dashed), $\tilde{N}=500$ (dash dotted), and $\tilde{N}=3000$ (dotted). Lower panel: the rescaled energy per particle $\tilde{E}/\tilde{N}$ (dash-dotted), particle emission threshold $-\tilde{\mu}$ (thick dotted), monopole mode frequency $\tilde{\omega}_0$ (solid), frequencies of higher angular momentum modes $\tilde{\omega}_l$ (dashed), and the corresponding surface-mode approximation Eq. (\[Ripplons\]) (thin dotted) versus $(\tilde{N}-\tilde{N}_c)^{1/4}$.[]{data-label="fig:Specra"}](WaveFuncSpectra){width="0.95\hsize"}
In general, when $\tilde{N}$ is not large, the size of the droplet is comparable to the surface thickness. In this case, we calculate the wave function $\phi_0$ (see the upper panel in Fig. 1) and determine the chemical potential $\tilde{\mu}$ [ of the droplet and its energy $\tilde{E}=\int d^3\tilde{\bf r}\tilde\epsilon(\phi_0,\phi^*_0)$]{} numerically. We also study its small-amplitude excitations by solving the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations obtained by linearizing Eq. (\[EqMot\]) with respect to small $\phi(\tilde{\bf r},\tilde{t})-\phi_0(\tilde{\bf r})$. We find that with decreasing $\tilde{N}$ the droplet becomes metastable ($\tilde{E}>0$) for $\tilde{N}<22.55$ and unstable for $\tilde{N}<\tilde{N}_c\approx 18.65$. This effect can be understood by the following qualitative arguments. For a droplet of size $\tilde{R}$ the energy is composed of the kinetic term $\propto \tilde{N}/\tilde{R}^2$, two-body interaction $\propto -\tilde{N}^2/\tilde{R}^3$, and LHY contribution $\propto \tilde{N}^{5/2}/\tilde{R}^{9/2}$. [ With decreasing $\tilde{N}$]{} the minimum of $\tilde{E}(\tilde{R})$ first becomes metastable (the global ground state corresponds to $\tilde{R}\rightarrow \infty$) and then disappears completely. We should mention the analogy of this situation with the problem of a harmonically trapped scalar Bose-Einstein condensate with attractive two-body interactions (see [@RMPBEC] for review). In that case the LHY correction is negligible and the stabilizing role is played by the potential energy $\propto \tilde{N}\tilde{R}^2$. There is also a metastable minimum which becomes unstable (in this case with increasing $\tilde{N}$) as a result of the interplay of the kinetic, interaction, and potential energies.
In the lower panel of Fig. 1 we show the quantity $\tilde{E}/\tilde{N}$ (dash-dotted line), particle emission threshold $-\tilde{\mu}$ (thick dotted line) [ which separates the discrete and continuum parts of the spectrum]{}, frequency of the monopole mode $\tilde{\omega}_0$ (solid line), and frequencies of higher angular momentum modes $\tilde{\omega}_l$ (dashed lines) as functions of $(\tilde{N}-\tilde{N}_c)^{1/4}$. The thin dotted lines extending above the particle emission threshold represent the result of Eq. (\[Ripplons\]). All excitation modes cross the threshold for sufficiently small $\tilde{N}$. Only the monopole mode reenters at $\tilde{N}\approx 20.1$. [ Remarkably, in the interval $20.1<\tilde{N}<94.2$ there are no modes below $-\mu$ and, therefore, exciting the droplet is equivalent to spilling of particles or, more generally, to breaking the droplet into smaller pieces. We thus deal with an automatically evaporating object which is also macroscopic since the actual particle numbers are large, $N_i=n_i^{(0)}\xi^3 \tilde{N}\sim (g/|\delta g|)^{5/2}\tilde{N}\gg \tilde{N}$.]{}
[ Let us now discuss excitations involving relative motion of the components with finite $n_{+}$, neglected in deriving Eq. (\[Lagrphi\]). In the homogeneous case these modes correspond to $E_{+,k}$ and, for the droplet of size $\sim 1/\xi$, we can estimate the lowest frequency to be $E_{+,1/\xi}$. In rescaled units this quantity is approximately $\xi/\xi_{\rm h}\sim \sqrt{g/|\delta g|}\gg 1$, i.e., all such modes are in the continuum. It is also possible to have a nonzero $n_{+}$ without exciting the relative motion. Indeed, starting from the configuration $N_2/N_1=\sqrt{g_{11}/g_{22}}$ and adding, say, $\delta N_1$ excess particles to the first component makes $\tilde{N}$ proportionally larger leading to a linear gain in energy $(\eta/\tau)\tilde{\mu} \delta \tilde{N}\sim -|\delta g| n \delta N_1$. However, due to the quadratic penalty coming from the term $\lambda_{+}n_{+}^2 R^3\sim g\delta N_1^2/R^3$ (here $R=\xi\tilde{R}$ is the droplet radius) one can increase $\delta N_1/N_1$ only up to a critical value $\sim |\delta g|/g\ll 1$. Beyond this point the excess particles no longer bind to the droplet.]{}
In the vicinity of the instability point the droplet can decay by quantum fluctuations [ similarly to the quantum tunneling of an attractive scalar trapped Bose gas towards collapse [@Shuryak; @Ueda]. Although in our case we are dealing with an expansion to infinity rather than collapse, in both cases the mechanism is associated with a softening of the breathing (monopole) mode and its tunneling under a barrier.]{} In order to estimate the corresponding lifetime we first note that near the instability point the chemical potential behaves as $\tilde{\mu}\approx \tilde{\mu}_c-\sqrt{2(\tilde{N}-\tilde{N}_c)/\tilde{N}''}$ [ [@remOtherBranch]]{}, where we find numerically $\tilde{\mu}_c\approx 0.061$ and $\tilde{N}''=\partial^2\tilde{N}(\tilde{\mu}_c)/\partial \tilde{\mu}^2\approx 2190$. Let us parameterize $\phi_0$ by the chemical potential and introduce the derivative $\delta \tilde{n}(\tilde{r})=|\phi_0(\tilde{r})|\partial |\phi_0(\tilde{r})|/\partial \tilde{\mu}$ taken exactly at the critical point. An excitation “along” $\delta \tilde{n}(\tilde{r})$ does not change $\tilde{N}$ and corresponds to the monopole mode, the frequency of which vanishes at the instability point. Close to this point the tunneling path goes along this soft degree of freedom and we introduce the corresponding coordinate $\lambda$ by writing the density as $\tilde{n}(\tilde{r},\tilde{t})=|\phi_0(\tilde{r})|^2+\lambda(\tilde{t})\delta \tilde{n}(\tilde{r})$ and the wave function as $\phi(\tilde{r},\tilde{t})=\sqrt{\tilde{n}(\tilde{r},\tilde{t})}\exp[i\theta(\tilde{r},\tilde{t})]$. Here the phase $\theta$ is determined by minimizing (\[Lagrphi\]) for a given trajectory $\lambda(\tilde{t})$, which is equivalent to solving the continuity equation $-\dot{\tilde{n}}=\nabla_{\tilde{\bf r}}(\tilde{n}\nabla_{\tilde{\bf r}}\theta)$ with respect to $\theta$. In this manner we obtain the effectively one-dimensional problem with the action $$\label{Instanton}
S=\eta\int d\tilde{t} [m_{\rm eff}\dot{\lambda}^2/2-U_{\rm eff}(\lambda)],$$ where the effective mass $m_{\rm eff}=\pi \int_0^\infty [\int_0^{\tilde{r}} \tilde{r}^{'2}\delta\tilde{n}(\tilde{r}')d\tilde{r}']^2/[\tilde{r}^2\tilde{n}_c(\tilde{r})]d\tilde{r}\approx 2240$ \[here $\tilde{n}_c(\tilde{r})$ is the density profile at the instability point\] and effective potential $U_{\rm eff}(\lambda)=(\tilde{N}''/8)[(\tilde{\mu}_c-\tilde{\mu})\lambda^2-\lambda^3/6]$. The tunneling rate out of such a quadratic-plus-cubic potential in the quasiclassical regime equals $\Gamma=A\exp(-S^{\rm B})$ [@Ueda], where the bounce exponent $S^{\rm B}=(3/5)2^{21/4}\eta m_{\rm eff}^{1/2}\tilde{N}^{''-3/4}(\tilde{N}-\tilde{N}_c)^{5/4}\approx 3.38\eta (\tilde{N}-\tilde{N}_c)^{5/4}$, $A\tau=\tilde{\omega}_0\sqrt{15S^{\rm B}/2\pi}$, and the monopole frequency $\tilde{\omega}_0=[\tilde{N}''(\tilde{N}-\tilde{N}_c)/8m_{\rm eff}^2]^{1/4}$ [ (see Fig. \[fig:Specra\])]{}. Thus, for the observation of the macroscopic tunneling, due to the exponential dependence of $\Gamma$, the most relevant region of parameters is $\tilde{N}-\tilde{N}_c\sim \eta^{-4/5}\sim (\delta g/g)^2$.
Let us now discuss possibilities of having such droplets in experiments with ultracold gases. A very promising candidate is the mixture of the second and third lowest hyperfine states, $F=1,m_F=0$ (state 1) and $F=1,m_F=-1$ (state 2), of $^{39}$K. The corresponding scattering lengths $a_{ij}$ as functions of the magnetic field have been studied theoretically [@DErricoNJP2007; @Lysebo] and experimentally [@DErricoNJP2007]. In particular, the condition $a_{12}=-\sqrt{a_{11}a_{22}}$ is satisfied at $B_0\approx 56.77$G where $a_{11}\approx 84.3 a_{\rm Bohr}$, $a_{22}\approx 33.5 a_{\rm Bohr}$, and the quantity $\partial(a_{12}+\sqrt{a_{11}a_{22}})/\partial B\approx 12.09 a_{\rm Bohr}/{\rm G}$. For example, for $B-B_0=-250$mG the saturation densities equal $n_1^{(0)}\approx 3.3\times 10^{14}$cm$^{-3}$ and $n_2^{(0)}\approx 4.9\times 10^{14}$cm$^{-3}$, length scale $\xi\approx 1.96\mu$m, and time scale $\tau \approx 2.4$ms. Then, $\tilde{N}=30$ corresponds to $N_1=0.75\times 10^{5}$, $N_2=1.1 \times 10^{5}$, and the droplet wave function is given by the dashed line in Fig. 1 (upper panel). We can compare the characteristic time scale $\tau$ with the lifetime $\tau_{\rm life}\sim K_3^{-1}(n_1+n_2)^{-2}\approx 150$ms, where we use the three-body recombination rate constant $K_3=10^{-29}$cm$^6$/s [@ZaccantiNatPhys2009]. It is also useful to note that $\tau$ scales as $|\delta g|^{-3}$ whereas $\tau_{\rm life}\propto |\delta g|^{-4}$, i.e., there is still room for increasing $|\delta g|$ while keeping $\tau<\tau_{\rm life}$. Thus, one can have very dilute and slow droplets as well as dense and fast ones. Another interesting candidate is the dual-species mixture of $^{87}$Rb and $^{39}$K both in the $F=1,m_F=-1$ hyperfine state. This mixture is characterized by positive intraspecies interactions close to an interspecies Feshbach resonance at $B=117.56$G, which has recently been explored experimentally [@Wacker]. In any case, unless we are dealing with the microgravity environment [@Microgravity], the droplet has to be levitated against gravity. This can be achieved by using, for example, an optical potential with a vertical gradient. Our theory can be modified to include a more general external confinement, say, harmonic. However, the self-binding and related properties make sense only if the system is unconfined at least in one (horizontal) direction.
We thank P. Schuck and S. Stringari for fruitful discussions and acknowledge support by the IFRAF Institute. The research leading to these results received funding from the European Research Council (FR7/2007-2013 Grant Agreement No. 341197).
[99]{}
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More generally, droplets arise as a result of the competition between an attractive $n^2$ and repulsive $n^{2+\alpha}$ terms in the energy functional. In nuclear theory the corresponding coupling constants and $\alpha$ are phenomenological parameters chosen in order to optimize the description of various static and dynamic properties of nuclei in Hartree-Fock calculations \[see D. Vautherin and D. M. Brink, Phys. Rev. C [**5**]{}, 626 (1972) and the review of M. Bender, P.-H. Heenen, and P.-G. Reinhard, Rev. Mod. Phys. [**75**]{}, 121 (2003)\]. The case $\alpha=1$ (the most natural choice corresponding to the three-body interaction) has recently been discussed in the context of ultracold gases by A. Bulgac, Phys. Rev. Lett. [**89**]{}, 050402 (2002). We should also mention extensive studies of quantum droplets in condensed matter, particularly, in the context of liquid He (see [@Barranco] for a review).
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Explicit expressions for the Bogoliubov eigenfunctions in the general mass-imbalanced case can be found in B. Oleś and K. Sacha, J. Phys. A [**41**]{}, 145005 (2008).
A possible (constant) phase difference between $\Psi_1$ and $\Psi_2$ plays no role as can be seen from Eq. (\[LagrDensBare\]).
Equation (\[LHYscalar\]) for spinless bosons has been generalized to the inhomogeneous case by E. Timmermans, P. Tommasini, and K. Huang, Phys. Rev. A [**55**]{}, 3645 (1997); E. Braaten and A. Nieto, Phys. Rev. B [**56**]{}, 14745 (1997); A. Fabrocini and A. Polls, Phys. Rev. A [**60**]{}, 2319 (1999), see also Ref. [@RMPBEC]. Neglecting boundary effects the result is the so-called modified GP equation with cubic and quartic nonlinearities, which are, in contrast to those in Eq. (\[EqMot\]), both positive, and the quartic term should necessarily be subleading.
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105
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At the risk of oversimplifying matters, the process of learning an instrument can generally be divided into two distinct stages. The first is mechanical, or academic. We read chord books, watch youtube videos and practice chords, scales or pieces. This image of the diligent student is probably the first which leaps to mind when we imagine learning guitar solo. Through it, we build up muscle memory and base musical ability, and learn how to combine the two. The second, and ultimately most important stage is application. How can we draw from these reefs of knowledge to create something truly musical?
In the context of guitar solo, this generally comes through phrasing. The linguistic analogy is very much pertinent here. You really are phrasing your notes as one would construct and utter a sentence. Let’s stretch this analogy to its unnecessary limits. Imagine the following. We as a species marvel at our own ingenuity; we’ve created some sort of humanised android which we’ve programmed to download, process and internalise all documented forms of knowledge throughout history.
A conference is held to which the world’s press is invited. Important diplomatic negotiations are abandoned as we invest humanity’s hope into this super-being whose absolute knowledge and multiplicity will breathe enlightenment to our world. We sit in a lurid exhibition hall, waiting with bated breath as the android is wheeled onto centre-stage and placed expectantly behind a spotlit microphone. It opens its mechanised mouth-hole, only to regurgitate excerpts from Beowulf at high speeds, occasionally interspersed with lyrics from early ‘Hole’ albums and quotes from Elijah Wood’s unofficial biography. It would be underwhelming and people, after removing themselves from the absurdity of the situation, would quickly get bored. The result isn’t epigrammatic wisps from the cloud of collected human wisdom, but the mechanical re-spouting of subject matter.
As a guitarist, this is essential to remember, as to be able to avoid it. Not necessarily that tedious analogy above, but that your phrasing forms the membrane between your internal guitar knowledge and its impact on your audience. Regardless of the guitar wizardry you aim to accomplish, your guitar solo should be lyrical. All of the more notable guitar players have, consciously or subconsciously, reached a high level of musical phrasing to the point where you can often sing their solos.
There is something about the frequential nature of an amplified guitar solo; the trebly and piercing quality of tightly wound nickel-strings through pickups which can make a badly-phrased guitar solo sound, at best merely ‘impressive’ in a robotic sense, and at worst – freaking unbearable.
So, to mould your developing musicality around more mindful and lyrical playing, we’re going to use a simple but rather novel exercise. Let’s take a scale you’re more than likely getting very familiar with – the trusty minor pentatonic. What we’re going to do is isolate some notes of this scale, handily arranged in the form of a ‘box’ and discipline ourselves to play only those notes, trying to wring the most musical value out of these few sounds. For sake of ease, we’re going to play around a basic 12-bar blues in A, using the second box of the pentatonic, which is represented below.
Alright, so let’s get the following blues progression on loop, and jump straight into the exercise.
The key here is to resist overplaying, and instead try to really express a sentiment with notes. We don’t have to start method-acting and ask you to tap into buried pain or heartbreak, but you should at least attempt to ‘say’ something with your licks, as opposed to playing for its own sake.
If we look down at the fretboard and imagine the notes as corners of this pentagonal box, we can often be tempted to mathematically spread out our note selection, trying to give each corner of the box equal attention. While this may seem as if it makes you playing sound more varied, it can often overcomplicate simple melody lines. Let’s start out with a simple ‘call and response’ lick, which incorporates deceptively few notes. This popular element in blues lead guitar is characterised by the first melody – the ‘call’, which is inflected in such a way (often using a short bend) that it begs for a harmonic response. It is then duly answered by a second lick, which resolves the ‘question’. Some guitarists twist their heads inquisitively when doing the call in a marriage of body and music. We can’t explicitly recommend this, but if it helps – go for it!
Throughout my experience of playing with other, normally more technically-minded guitarists, there seems to be a real resistance towards repeating notes and phrases. Don’t be afraid of playing a lick again if you feel it deserves more presence. If you need further convincing on this matter, try to translate some of your favourite vocal melodies on to guitar. You’ll be surprised at how often they consist of precious few notes. Simplicity is key, never forget that. Those who have mastered good phrasing need not play fast to impress or touch people.
Here’s a delightful video of the late great B.B King in his better days.
Have fun with this. Next week we’ll dig a little deeper into tips on how to really make a few notes stretch a lot further, including ‘cheats’ on how to use bends to open up harmonic possibilities within a pentatonic box. | https://www.uberchord.com/blog/phrasing-blues-guitar-solo/ |
The utility model discloses a supporting seat for straightening a communication tower, which comprises a ground base, a ground base and a communication tower pole, the bottom end of the communicationtower pole penetrates through the ground base to extend to the underground and is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the ground base through bolts, and a supporting mechanism is arranged between the ground base and the ground base; the lower surface of the ground base is fixedly connected with a concrete fixing block, and the upper surface of the ground base is fixedly connected with an auxiliary rod perpendicular to the ground base. According to the supporting base for straightening the communication tower, the infrared beam lamp parallel to the communication tower rod is arranged atthe top end of the communication tower rod, the communication tower is erected for the first time, the communication tower is perpendicular to the ground and does not incline at the moment, and the infrared beam lamp is turned on to mark light points of the infrared beam lamp on the upper surface of the ground base; whether calibration is needed or not is judged according to the deviation degreeof the irradiation point of the infrared beam lamp and the marking point in the later period; therefore, the offset of the communication tower can be visually observed without strenuous measurement. | |
The dissertation research in its structure consists of three parts: the introduction, the main part, and the conclusion, each of which carries its own semantic load. So, if the main part of the dissertation is to describe the entire body of research obtained along with any analyses, then in the introduction to the dissertation, all of the main characteristics of the dissertation research are cited. What to write in a dissertation introduction?
Structure of the Introduction
- relevance
- target and objectives of the study
- object and subject of research
- hypothesis or the main idea of work
- methodology and methods of research
- scientific novelty
- scientific provisions imposed on the defense and their reliability
- practical (economic, social) significance of the results
- approbation of the results of the work
- publications of the author on the topic of the dissertation
- the volume of the dissertation
It is necessary to note once again that all the characteristics of the work must be related both to the theme of the work and to each other. The relevance of dissertation research is, on the one hand, the characteristic of the current state of the issue under investigation and the need to resolve urgent problems. On the other hand, it characterizes the author as a scientific researcher who is able to independently show and formulate the essence of the problem under study and its practical significance for the economic sectors of the country.
Relevance is the basis for formulating the purpose and subject of research, as well as research tasks and the sequence of their solution. Usually, in the process of preparation, the relevance goes on the path from general to particular, linking this path with the title of the dissertation. That is, first a brief description of the industry for which the scientific tasks are being solved is given. Among the problems faced in the industry, the most significant one stands out in the opinion of the author, and is characterized by efficiency with a successful solution of the problem. The causes of the problem are examined, after which a conclusion is made about the relevance of the problem being solved.
Thus, as a result of the performed analysis of the relevance of the dissertation topic, the object and subject of research are determined, and the formulation of the object and the subject of the research should be consonant with the topic of the dissertation. To determine the purpose and objectives of the study, an analysis of the scientific papers of domestic and foreign authors devoted to the topic of the dissertation is given below. Researchers are grouped according to the groups of issues under consideration, which, according to the author, are insufficiently elaborated in their works, after which the need for further scientific research in the direction of the issue is formulated.
The next stage of the work is the formulation of the goal and objectives of the study. The purpose of the dissertation work practically repeats the title of the dissertation research with the addition in the beginning of the phrase “to develop …” or at the end of the phrase “providing an effective …” etc. If you want to know how to write dissertation introduction, you should keep in mind that formulating research tasks is important.
When formulating the research tasks, it is necessary to clearly represent the stages of the research and to set a clearly formulated task for each of them. When formulating problems, they use certain terms: “to reveal the essence,” “to formulate and justify,” ” to identify factors,” “to consider,” “to analyze,” “study,” “develop,” “determine the place,” and others of this nature.
At the end of the wording of tasks, it is recommended to indicate the purpose of the solution of the problem. In addition, it must be remembered that the formulated tasks determine the title and content of the main chapters and paragraphs of the dissertation. Further, in the introduction, the theoretical and methodological base of the research is characterized in several sentences, in which a list of the scientific directions under consideration is given, and scientific methods used in the study are also characterized.
When characterizing the informational base of the research, sources of information for conducting research are characterized. The formulation of the hypothesis is not an obligatory element and its representation in the introduction is left to the discretion of the author. The hypothesis, being the main idea of the work, is an author’s vision of the way to achieve the goal set in the work.
Here is an example of the formulation of the hypothesis: “The justification of the parameters [ … ] should be based on [ … ].” The hypothesis as a result of the performed studies can be confirmed or disproved. In the latter case, an in-depth analysis of the reasons for obtaining such a result is made. The main provisions of the dissertation, put on defense, are confirmed components of the hypothesis.
The main provisions are actually scientific results obtained in the course of research, but differing from previously performed works – in other words, they have scientific novelty. This can be: established patterns, techniques that allow you to obtain new knowledge, ways of teaching, upbringing, etc. That is, scientific statements in the affirmative form confirm the author’s foresight – his or her hypothesis on the results of the performed studies.
Obviously, the last scientific position or the main scientific conclusion on the work should be consonant with the theme of the dissertation and confirm both the relevance and correctness of the statement of the purpose and tasks of the study. In the section of reliability of scientific positions, one or two of the proposals list the specific results of the scientific research (calculations of dynamics, comparisons, estimates, etc.) that confirm the results obtained while researching.
Scientific novelty is the main feature of the dissertation work, for which the academic degree is finally awarded. Scientific novelty can be formulated in one sentence. For example, the author could develop a technique that would solve a problem that was not solvable earlier. However, in the present conditions of the saturation of all fields of knowledge with scientific research, it is rather problematic to solve such a problem, in connection with which the presence of elements of novelty are allowed in dissertations.
Scientific novelty is a concept that allows the author to say that there has never been such a thing before. But an unsubstantiated assertion of novelty is not enough. It is necessary that the formulation includes these terms: “different in that,” “first received,” or “it is proved that,” “analyzed [ … ], which allows, unlike from [ … ],” etc. The formulation of scientific novelty should be related to the topic of the dissertation and include its part.
You now know how to write an introduction for a dissertation, check out also Necessary Requirements for Writing a Dissertation. WriteMyEssayOnline.com provides students with unique papers which are completed in the fastest possible time. Your paper will contain only relevant information.
Place an order on our site and you will get a well-structured paper! | https://writemyessayonline.com/blog/how-to-write-an-introduction-for-a-dissertation-easily/ |
Selena Gomez has achieved another milestone in her career by becoming the most followed woman on Instagram with 400 million followers, surpassing Kylie Jenner and other celebrities. It’s worth noting that Kylie Jenner lost fans due to her alleged involvement in the feud between Selena and Hailey Bieber, which resulted in Gomez’s departure from social media for a time. However, Selena’s loyal fanbase, known as Selenators, remained supportive and helped her break the record.
Selena Gomez is the only woman to have achieved 400 million followers on Instagram, thanks to her active presence on the platform and her candid, unedited posts. The recent Hailey Bieber scandal, which allegedly involved harassment of Selena through social media and TikTok videos, helped her gain even more attention and followers. She ranks third overall, behind only football superstars Cristiano Ronaldo (562 million) and Lionel Messi (442 million).
Kylie Jenner follows closely behind Selena with 382 million followers, while other notable women in the top 10 include Ariana Grande, Kim Kardashian, Beyonce, and Khloe Kardashian. Selena’s close friend Taylor Swift ranks 15th with 249 million followers. | https://www.dubaifashion.tv/selena-gomez-makes-history-as-the-first-woman-to-reach-400-million-followers-on-instagram/ |
There is no official estimate of black money held in scrapped Rs 500 and Rs 1,000 notes that have been not been deposited with banks during the demonetisation period.
“There is no official estimation of the amount of black money in form of old Rs 500/1000 that have not been deposited during the course of demonetisation drive,” MoS for finance Santosh Kumar Gangwar said in a written reply in the Lok Sabha.
Cash deposits of more than Rs 5 lakh were made in 23.87 lakh accounts between November 8 and December 30, 2016 -- the period of demonetisation, he said.
“Separate details of such deposits in old and new currency are not maintained,” the minister added.
Also, the cumulative deposits of more than Rs 25 lakh of all kinds of were made in about 4.62 lakh loan accounts during the period, he added.
To another question, Gangwar said the Reserve Bank has informed that no specific guideline directing public sector banks to keep their account books correct were issued by them.
Banks are required to prepare a balance sheet and profit and loss account as per the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
In another reply, the minister said the RBI has informed that it has not expressed its inability to supply notes to any bank nor refuse to give cash, and always endeavours to supply as much as is required consistent to its stocks.
Regarding a question on One Time Settlement Scheme for MSME sector, he said State Bank of India has offered the scheme to its non-performing assets (as on March 31, 2016) with outstanding of above Rs 5 lakh and up to Rs 5 crore and Advances under Collection Accounts with outstanding ranging from Rs 10 lakh and Rs 5 crore, in manufacturing, trade and services.
“SBI has received 2,772 applications, out of which 2,703 applications have been approved by the bank,” said Gangwar. | https://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/no-official-estimate-of-undeposited-black-money-in-old-notes-with-govt/story-VrYycUB8JnHVAJzRo0cHKL.html |
Hi.
As the title says, is there a necessity for pulldown removal phase before editing HVX200 footage?
Is pulldown removal needed for HVX200?
Started By Gray Bersen, Mar 25 2009 10:24 AM
1 reply to this topic
#1
Posted 25 March 2009 - 10:24 AM
- 0
#2
Posted 25 March 2009 - 11:56 AM
Not if you recorded in native mode (pN), for example 720pN. In Native Mode the camera does not record the redundant frames. If you recorded in 720p or 720pA the pulldown will have to be removed. Check the camera manual for a more comprehensive explanation on the different formats. | http://www.cinematography.com/index.php?showtopic=37605 |
Initially, I was going to prepare 5 of them, same as blouses, but I was running out of time and my friends gently helped me realise it would really be a challenge by giving me these are-you-out-of-your-mind looks. ‘If you keep working this intensely you’ll run out of all the ideas for making basic items of clothing’. ‘Even better’ I thought, ‘At least I’ll be able to present more advanced techniques, as I’ve always wanted’. There’s so much I wanted to tell you about the decorative techniques such as printing, embroidery, appliqués and huge section on various fabric finishings and many more subjects brought to me by my passion and imagination. I think there’s still enough subjects for a veeery long blog.
Anyway, time to start with the three simple skirts series, all of them easy to make (you’ll need between 30 mins to 2 hour time). There will be mini with tucks and a rubber tape belt (today), full circle midi and pleated maxi – I’ve already discussed a circle and an accordion (pleated) skirt, but it was some time ago, so there’s a chance some of you didn’t make their way till the very bottom of the blog. By the way, in September I’m going to change the layout of the blog – there’ll be less of scrolling – I promise!
2 x length of skirt + 2 x belt’s width + couple of centimetres fabric allowance – around 1 m in total. I’m using quite thick sweatshirt fleece – it’s crucial that the fabric is quite stable and keeps its shape. And, of course, it has to be knitted since we want to avoid sewing in a zip.
Scissors, measuring tape, threads, fabric pencil, pins, draw pin.
1 m of rubber tape 5 cm wide.
Sewing up alone in this case is easy, but first there will be a lot of pinning up – I hope the pictures will prove helpful. First measure the circumference (at the waist or lower, depending how you’re going to wear it – this style looks great worn at the hips), decide the length. To make the large double folds (two portions of fabric folded in opposite directions) you’ll need a piece of fabric three times longer than the measured circumference, and its width equal to skirt’s length + 3 cm seam allowance (1 cm for sewing up a belt, 2 cm for turning the hem). The knitted fabric should be working along the waistline.
As fabrics are normally 1,5 m wide, you’ll probably need to sew up a piece of fabric, so that the final length is (as mentioned already) 3 times longer than your circumference + 2 cm seam allowance.
Sew up both ends together so that you get a loop of fabric. It may seem longish now, but trust me, in order to get this pleated effect you need a lot of fabric. Finish one of the long edges with overlock, fold the finished edge 1-1,5cm inside and stitch it – this will be the hem of the skirt. (stitch it over the overlock so that the hem won’t stick out).
Once the loop is ready and its hem is finished you start pinning up the folds. Decide how many pleats you want and how wide you want them to be (your measured circumference will hep you here). Try to make it a round number (For example, my skirt circumference is 70 cm so it will consist of 7 foldings, each of them 10 cm wide or 10 foldings 7 cm wide each). This skirt is going to be finished with a rubber belt at the top, so while calculating you can round the numbers as the rubber belt will counterbalance the excess fabric. Once the Math’s been done you can start pinning up the fabric (see the scheme below). Mark the sections along the upper edge (white marks) alternately: the width of the folding (grey arrows) and double the width of the folding (black arrows). Next, pin together the places pointed with blue arrows so that the wider sections are folded inwards, while the narrow folds are left on the outside. (pictures below).
The skirt on the right side – shorter sections visible here, and on the inside where you can see the wider sections.
To clarify – on photos below the skirt is spread flat on the wrong side of the fabric – these wider foldings look just now as very wide tuck-ins.
Now each of these tuck-ins arrange in counterfolds – spreading them in such a way so as to make them go evenly: one half to the right and the other to the left part from the pinned point – see the picture below where you can see the cross-section of this counterfold. Pin up the edges. Almost ready – now you can try it on carefully – we’re almost there. If you haven’t managed to get perfectly equal foldings you can always make one or two folding of different width, it will be hard to notice anyway.
Let’s make the belt now. Cut out the belt that is 13 cm wide and of the length of the circumference + 2 cm seam allowance. Short explanation: the rubber tape is 5 cm wide, some extra length is needed to prevent it from folding, so the overall width of the belt will be 5,5 cm + 1 cm seam allowance = 6,5 cm. I’m making the belt out of two layers to make a tunnel for the rubber tape (6,5 x 2 = 13 cm). The knitted fabric should work along the belt so you can slide it up the hips. Sew up the shorter edges of the belt leaving some section unsewn (through this break you’ll pull the rubber tape to the tunnel), this section should be left below the middle-line of the belt’s width.
Now sew up the belt: iron it in half lengthwise, so that the wrong side of the fabric is inside the belt. Turn the skirt inside out.
Pin up the belt inside so that the right side of the belt (the one without the hole for pulling in the rubber tape) touches the right side of the skirt. Once you sewn these part up and ironed the belt upwards the unsewn hole will be on the inside of the skirt. If there is a difference in circumference of belt and skirt, while sewing the belt up stretch it a little. If the difference in circumferences of the belt and skirt is bigger than 5 cm you should revise the foldings arrangement.
Sew up on the inside of the skirt controlling the belt’s width.
Finish the edge of the seam with overlock and iron upwards. Pull the rubber tape inside the tunnel through the unsewn opening. That’s it!
And now Justyna in a finished skirt – find three differences ;P – I couldn’t resist myself! | http://www.pracowniajanlesniak.pl/en/diy-a-mini-skirt-with-tucks/ |
Transformation of the Day: Ashely lost 88 pounds. Since she was a teen, she’s worked hard but hadn’t achieved the vision in her head of a healthier, happier self. Last year, she decided to have VSG surgery and switch up her habits. She’s seen great progress ever since.
Social Media:
My Instagram is @weightlossbyash, and my TikTok is ashley.erus.
What was your motivation? What inspired you to keep going, even when you wanted to give up?
My motivation was the version of me I dreamed and worked toward but never saw. I’ve been trying since I was 17 years old but kept picturing better for myself in terms of health, happiness, and physical appearance.
When did you start your journey? How long did your transformation take?
I started and kept falling off since I was 17 years old. Now I’m 29 years. Yes, I had vertical sleeve gastronomy (VSG) weight loss surgery last year on 8/24/2023. My weight has been dropping since.
How did you change your eating habits?
Honestly, I didn’t stop anything. Every time my weight went down on the scale was when I increased my water intake, increased my protein intake, and balanced my complex carb ratio. Each time I did that and maintained it, the scale would go down consistently.
What is your workout routine? How often did you work out?
I try to go 3-4 times a week. But, of course, working as a nurse makes that a little difficult here and there.
What was your starting weight? What is your current weight?
My highest weight was 296 pounds. My weight right before VSG I weighed 276 pounds. Now I weigh 208 pounds.
What is your height?
I’m 5’8″
What is the biggest lesson you’ve learned so far?
Diet, water intake, and consistency are essential if you want results.
What advice do you have for women who want to lose weight?
My advice is to keep your prayers up and never give up. The only way to truly fail is to stop pushing. | http://www.fitnesshealthnews.com/weight-loss/ashely-lost-88-pounds-black-weight-loss-success/ |
In a survey of 2000 adults 50 years and older of whom 40% were retired and 60% were pre-retired, the following question was asked: Do you expect your income needs to vary from year to year in retirement? Of those who were retired,
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math
Amy Koy met Pat Quin on September 8 at Queen Bank. After talking with Pat, Amy decided she would like to consider a $9,000 loan at 10 1/2 % to be repaid on February 17 of the next year on exact interest. Calculate the amount that
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Science
Bill and Amy want to ride their bikes from their neighborhood to school which is 14.4 kilometers away. It takes Amy 40 minutes to arrive at school. Bill arrives 20 minutes after Amy. How much faster (in meters/second) is Amy’s
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Science please help
List and briefly outline the six different periods into which the Paleozoic era is divided. The six periods: 1:Cambrian, which was 545 million years ago. 2:Ordovician, which was 490 million years ago. 3:Silurian, which was 445
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Math
the 64 people who answered "yes" to a question, 6 were male. Of the 70 people that answered "no" to the question, 8 were male. If one person is selected at random from the group, what is the probability that the person answered
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Chemistry
A sample of an ideal gas in a closed container (3.00 L) at 25.0 degrees C is heated to 300 degrees C. What is the pressure of the gas at this temperature? Do I use P1/T1=P2/T2? I was told to use that, but I don't know what
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Chemistry
Propose a method for determining the specific heat, Cp, for a metal like sodium which reacts with water. You posted this question several times, and not just today. It has been answered. You will have to fill in the steps
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math
A teacher prepares a test. She gives 5 objective type questions out of which 4 have to be answered. Find the total ways in which they can be answered if the first 2 question have 3 chioce and the last 3 have 4 choices. I think
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MATH
Amy is "n" years old. Bob, her brother, is 9 years older than amy. Their mother is 3 times as old as Amy. Theirfather is twice as old as Bob. (i) Write down an expression, in terms of "n" their fathers age??
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econ
Kristen was a doctor in 1944 and earned $12,000 that year. Her daughter, Amy, is a doctor today and she earned $210,000 in 2005. The price index was 17.6 in 1944 and 184 in 2005. Amy’s 2005 income in 1944 dollars is a $20,086.96
You can view more similar questions or ask a new question. | https://www.jiskha.com/questions/15586/thanks-a-million-to-amy-who-answered-my-question-earlier-today-i-have-been-struggling |
The companies hired to develop Alexandria, Suez, Ismailia, and Salam stadiums, which will host the Africa Cup of Nations (AFCON) from 21 June to 19 July, have requested $60m (EGP 1.02bn) from the ministry of youth and sports for the development operations.
The ministry will receive the four stadiums in addition to the Cairo International Stadium and 30 June Stadium following the innovation to prepare them for the final inspection by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) to decide on their readiness to host the tournament.
A government source told Daily News Egypt that the required sums of money from the ministry are preliminary and that the final cost of the stadiums’ development will be determined upon receipt. The source pointed out that the development of the stadiums was carried out simultaneously.
He pointed out that the ministry has allocated about EGP 100m to develop the training playgrounds dedicated for the African teams participating in the tournament. Several state institutions will handle the development of those playgrounds, such as the Suez Canal Authority and the Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport in Alexandria. According to the source, the training playgrounds were developed upon the request of the Egyptian Football Association (EFA). The innovation works vary from changing chairs, developing light towers and dressing rooms, and raising efficiency of playgrounds.
According to a government report obtained by Daily News Egypt, the EFA specified 32 playgrounds for training, of which 17 are in Cairo: two sub-stadiums at Cairo Stadium, two playgrounds in the 30 June Stadium, El Sekka El Hadid stadiums, EL Shams, the Military Sports Body stadium, El Nasr, Aero Sport, Haras El Hodoud, Tulip El Zahraa, El Nosour complex, Enppi, Petrosport main and sub stadium, and the Arab Contractors Stadium.
Additionally, there are five playgrounds in Alexandria, which include Arab Academy for Maritime Transport stadium, Olympic Club stadium and Al Ittihad Alexandria Club stadium, the sub-stadium of Borg El Arab Stadium, and the Alexandria University playground. In addition to other playgrounds in Ismailia, which are the new and old playgrounds of Suez Canal, Mercure hotel, the Olympic village, and five playgrounds in Suez, which include Wadi Degla and Petrojet in in Ain Sukhna, the sub-stadium of Suez Stadium, and the Suez Sporting Club stadium.
The 2019 AFCON will include 24 teams for the first time since it was launched in 1957, divided into six groups, that will play on six stadiums in four governorates which are Cairo, Alexandra, Ismailia, and Suez. | https://eklutdvotyzsri.dailynewssegypt.com/2019/06/08/innovation-of-afcon-stadiums-cost-egp-1bn/ |
Although there are very few words that rhyme with "orange" perfectly, there are dozens of slant rhymes for the word. Whether you're writing a poem, playing a rhyming word game, or just need to satisfy your curiosity, enjoy this exhaustive list of orange rhymes.
Orange - Sporange
The only perfect rhyming word for orange is "sporange." A sporange is an old botanical term for "sporangium," the portion of a fern in which asexual spores are created. This doesn't exactly lend itself to use in sonnets or couplets, but it's handy trivia nonetheless.
Orange - Blorenge
There's also a proper noun that rhymes with orange: Blorenge. The Blorenge is the name of a mountain in Southeast Wales. If you are writing a poem about the mountain, then you're all set. Otherwise, you may need to use some slant rhymes for orange instead.
47 Slant Rhymes for Orange
When you can't find a perfect rhyme, you can use a slant rhyme or near rhyme instead. Slant rhyme is much more flexible, since the rhyming word only needs to sound similar to orange. There are dozens of possibilities.
One-Syllable Slant Rhymes for Orange
Orange is a two-syllable word, but you can try rhyming just the last syllable. These words are approximate rhymes for that syllable:
- Binge - a short time or excessive indulgence, or the act of indulging for a short time
- Change - an alteration, or the act of altering something
- Cringe - to shy away from something unpleasant
- Flange - the portion of something that flares out
- Fringe - a decoration at the edge of something, or simply the very edge of something
- Grunge - dirt or grime, or a style of music
- Hinge - the part that allows a door to open and close, or the act of something depending on something else
- Lunge - to move forward suddenly
- Mange - a condition in which an animal's coat is matted and diseased
- Plunge - to drop suddenly
- Singe - to burn slightly by proximity to fire
- Sponge - a natural or artificial item that soaks up liquid, or the act of soaking something up
- Tinge - to color slightly or be colored slightly
Two-Syllable Slant Rhymes for Orange
As a two-syllable word, orange often sounds best with a two-syllable slant rhyme. Consider these options:
- Arrange - to put things in order
- Borage - a plant with blue flowers
- Boring - to be uninteresting
- Challenge - something difficult to overcome, or to create a difficulty
- College - an institution of higher education
- Cottage - a small home, usually in rural or semi-rural surroundings
- Courage - bravery
- Derange - to make insane
- Exchange - to trade one thing for another
- Estrange - to create a distance between two things or people
- Expunge - to erase
- Four-inch - describing something that is four inches long
- Forage - to look for food
- Foreign - something or someone from outside, often another country
- Hommage - a tribute
- Knowledge - information acquired by someone
- Long-range - something that can stretch or reach for a long distance or time
- Lozenge - something with a diamond shape, or a tablet used in medicine
- Mortgage - to borrow money against the value of something
- Porridge - gruel or oatmeal
- Portage - to carry something, or a place where things are carried from one waterway to another
- Pouring - transferring liquid out of a container by gravity
- Roaring - making a loud noise
- Sausage - a meat product
- Scavenge - to look for and find valuable items
- Shortage - a situation where there is not enough of a resource
- Shortchange - to give less of a resource than is due
- Soaring - flying high in the sky
- Storage - a situation or place in which things are kept for later
- Syringe - an object used to give injections
- Torrent - rushing water
- Unhinge - unsettle or make insane
- Warrant - a document used in an arrest or search
- Warren - a place where small animals, such as rabbits, live
Other Words for Orange
If you need to use the concept of orange but don't want to use any of these rhyming words, you can try a synonym. For example, you might try one of these great options for the color or fruit:
- Tangerine
- Coral
- Peach
- Salmon
- Citrus
- Mandarin
- Amber
Get Creative
Sometimes, finding the right words for your poem or rhyming project means being flexible. Get creative and try lots of different options. Even if the rhyme isn't quite exact, your meaning will still be clear. If you thought rhyming with orange was hard, explore words that rhyme with purple. | https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/grammar/rhymes/words-that-rhyme-with-orange.html |
Begin a new note for this investigation. Be sure you are continuing to keep your notebook organized and labeled.
Investigation Question:
Where do we find planets on the sky, and how can we use this information to predict future planet observations?
You have previously observed the Moon and stars in the sky and have used Starry Night to make simulated observations of these same objects. With just your eye, you can see the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn on the sky. With the aid of a telescope, you can also locate Uranus and Neptune. Venus, Jupiter, and Mars can appear particularly bright in the sky and are relatively easy to find. With some practice, you can often teach yourself how to find Mercury and Saturn, too. For this investigation, though, we will again use Starry Night as a data collection tool so that we can easily observe the planets and observe them over longer periods of time than we can in our limited time for this class.
Using Starry Night to observe the planets
Starry Night has several features that will help you identify the planets more easily for this activity. There are also a few other additional features you will likely want to use to help you take note of the sky during your observations.
- The Labels menu allows you to show a label for every object of a certain type, and one option in that menu is “Planets-Moons”. If you choose that menu option, it will label any planet visible in the field of view.
- You can type the name of an object in the search bar on the upper right, and if you double click on the object after it is found, it will shift the view so you can see the object you have just searched for.
- If you place the mouse over an object, it will bring up a bit of information about that object on the screen. If you right click on the object, a menu will pop up allowing you to choose “Show Info”, which will bring up a window with much more information the object.
- If you have the mouse in the main viewer window and type the letter “k” on the keyboard, it will bring up the stick figure overlays on the stars indicating the constellations and list their names.
Data collection with Starry Night
The instructor will assign each group one of the planets (Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, or Neptune). Every group should find their planet in the sky on a random day of the current year. Then, in groups, you should discuss:
- What are all the ways in which you can describe the location of your planet on the sky?
As a class you should share your answers to this question, and you should determine several specific observations you will make for each planet observation that are useful to describe the location of that planet on the sky. Returning to your group, you should pick 10 dates separated in time to observe the planet assigned to your group. Your goal is to find a pattern in the changing location of your planet’s appearance on the sky. So you need to pick dates that are separated enough in time so that the pattern becomes evident. If you do not see a pattern, you may wish to pick a few dates far in the past or far in the future to see if those help you identify the pattern for your planet. Another Starry Night feature that may help you is to use the time flow feature to watch many nights go by quickly.
[INSERT STARRY NIGHT MOVIE HERE SHOWING THIS EXAMPLE]
Science Notebook Assignment
Create a table in your notebook that includes 10 rows. In each row, record one observation from one date in time of your group’s assigned planet and list all of the ways you can describe the planet’s location in the table.
Data analysis in small groups
After gathering data on at least 10 dates for the location of your planet, you need to discuss in your small group the pattern that appears to be evident in the location. Depending on how extensive of a list you came up with for what details to consider, you likely have a lot of data — 10 dates times the number of different observations you made that describe the planet’s location. When you have a large quantity of data, one strategy for analyzing it is to search for the simplest pattern you can find. That is, you don’t need to come up with an explanation that includes all of your various observations, but, for example, is there one observation in particular that you can use to describe where to find the planet you studied? If so, you are ready to write your initial claim.
This initial claim should answer where on the sky do we find the planet your group analyzed? At this point, we recommend that initial claims and evidence be shared with the whole class using whiteboards or other presentation technology.
Science Notebook Assignment
Record your group’s initial claim for the one planet you studied. Be sure to describe the data from your table that you used as evidence to determine your claim.
Plotting all of your data to look for a global pattern
In our class at Penn State, at this point in the investigation, we set up new groups to share data. If, for example, all groups studying a planet have four members, we have each group count off from 1 to 4. Then, the new groups will be made up of all the 1s, 2s, 3s, and 4s. Thus, there will be four new groups each having one member who studied one planet.
In your new group, review the initial claims that each group shared about the location of their planet. One way you can try to make sense of all of the data on all of the planets is to try to plot this data on a map of the sky. Because the sky changes over the year, no single sky map will show the whole sky. Since your dates for your observations spanned all of the dates of the year, you need at least two maps that show you the winter sky and the summer sky. Below are two maps made from Starry Night showing the sky on the summer solstice and winter solstice. For the next step of the investigation, you can print out copies of these (or similar maps from any night sky book, like “Nightwatch” by Terrence Dickinson).
[Add a discussion of what an all sky map is — that is, this circle represents the entire dome of the sky, so the horizon is the edge of the circle and the zenith is the middle]
On hardcopies of these maps, or similar maps, plot the locations of all the planets studied by the members of your group. We recommend color coding the dots for each planet using colored pencils or markers. After plotting the positions of your planets with respect to the stars on the entire sky, consider and discuss the question: Is there a pattern to the location of the planets that can be used to predict their future locations? You should analyze the data on all of the planets and consider if the pattern appears to be the same for all planets. The group’s joint answer to this question should be used to revise your initial claim.
Science Notebook Assignment
Record your group’s revised claim that answers the investigation question for all of the planets. As part of your evidence, we recommend including a photograph of your sky maps in your notebook.
Building a model to provide scientific reasoning to support your claim about the locations of the planets
As part of our effort to provide reasoning to answer our investigation question, we again need to consider shifting our point of view from an Earth-based perspective of the sky (which is what you observed with Starry Night and the sky maps) to a space-based perspective of the Solar System. Using methods similar to those for the Moon investigation and motion of the Sun investigation previously, we will work together as a class to build a 3D model using the classroom space to simulate the locations of the celestial objects we have been studying. Building a model of the Solar System and the stars in a single classroom is not able to be done if you make your model true to scale. That is, if you pick some scale like 1 centimeter = 100,000 km and then scale everything down using that mathematical relationship, you will find that either the planets will be too small and too close, or they will be too big and too widely separated. So in this model, we have to take some liberties with the scale in order to get it to fit into the space we have available (Note, even in a huge open space, like a gymnasium, there is no way to represent the distance to the stars in a model that would also allow the planets and the Sun to be a reasonable size and distance from each other).
To build the model in our class, we begin with locating some of the constellations seen on the sky maps above. Your instructor will provide you with pictures that represent these constellations. Because the planets move with time, we also recommend picking a specific date and building your model to represent the locations of Solar System objects on that particular date. In our class, we use the night of Feb 6, 2015.
In your classroom, you should place a small yellow ball on a tabletop in the center of the room to represent the Sun (we use modeling clay to make our Sun, but you could use wooden craft beads, a tennis ball, or anything else that is handy). Given your knowledge of Earth’s relationship to the Sun, place a smaller ball (we used blue modeling clay) where you expect the Earth to be in relation to the where you put the Sun in the classroom. As a full class, consider the following questions, and come to a class decision about how to answer them:
- Referring to the image in Figure 2.1.4 that shows your view of Jupiter from the Earth-based perspective, can you infer where you should place another ball of clay to represent Jupiter?
- Note the time at which the image in Figure 2.1.4 represents in the figure caption; does that help you determine where to place Earth and Jupiter with respect to the Sun?
Recall that the picture in Figure 2.1.4 is showing you the sky as you see it from your perspective on Earth. Consider where Jupiter must be in space compared to where the stars should be. Using the pictures of the constellations provided by the instructor, hang the pictures for Leo, Cancer, and Gemini in the classroom where you predict they should be based on where you put Jupiter and where the stars appear in the image in Figure 2.1.4. At this point, each group should get one or more additional constellations. Using Starry Night or another resource, determine where to place the other constellation(s) given to your group, and hang your image(s) up on the wall. When the exercise is completed, all 12 constellations should be hung up somewhere in the classroom. At this point, you have turned your classroom into a physical model of the location of the Sun, the Earth, the planet Jupiter, and 12 constellations. This is a challenging exercise, and it is likely your first attempt may need some adjustments.
Adjusting your model using additional observations
If you only have the image in Figure 2.1.4 to guide the creation of your model, it was likely not clear exactly where to put all of the additional constellation drawings provided by the instructor. In our class, our first attempt at building the model often has disagreements between the groups about where to put the constellations. In order to improve the model, we consider and discuss the following questions. Discuss these questions in your groups before returning to the model:
- From Earth, where will the Sun appear on the sky at noon on Feb 6, 2015? Can you use Starry Night to answer this question? Can you adjust one of your constellation maps using this answer?
- From month to month, how should Earth move in your model?
- Temporarily move the Earth in your model to where you predict it should be on August 6, 2015. Use Starry Night to observe the sky at noon and at midnight on August 6. Can you explain how the visible constellations on the sky appear different between February and August? Does that help you adjust any more of your constellation maps?
- Can you use Starry Night now to help you decide how to adjust the positions of all of the 12 constellation maps used in the model?
Once you have all of the constellations properly placed around the room, you can return to working out the locations of the planets in your model. Again, using Starry Night determine when and where to look to find the other planets in the sky on Feb 6, 2015. Then, using the same types of logic you used to place Jupiter and the constellations, determine where to place balls of clay to represent Mercury, Venus, Mars, Saturn, Uranus, and/or Neptune.
Finalizing your reasoning in support of your claims and evidence
Now that you have a complete model for the layout of the Solar System and some of the constellations, you should be able to finalize your reasoning to explain the claims your wrote for this investigation. To ensure that you can make the strongest connections between the model and your claims, we recommend you discuss the following questions in your groups:
- How does this model help to answer where we will find the planets on the sky?
- Where do you predict we will always see the planets, and where will you never see the planets, as observed from Earth?
- How does this model and your answers to the two previous questions explain the claims you made previously?
- What does this model tell you about the three-dimensional layout of the Solar System?
You can revisit your claims now that you have completed the model if you would like to add or revise any of your group’s ideas.
Science Notebook Assignment
Record your final claim(s), evidence in support, and the reasoning from your model in your notebook to answer the investigation question about where we find planets on the sky and how we can use this information to predict their future locations. Record the final group claim in your evidence bucket as one more piece of information you can use to build your understanding of the Solar System as a whole. | https://psu.pb.unizin.org/astroscied116/chapter/chapter-2-investigating-the-locations-of-the-planets-on-the-sky/ |
As a rule of thumb, we start school around September 1 and study for six weeks and then take a week off. The mandatory 36 weeks of school take us almost through the end of July.
Around Thanksgiving, we take two weeks off. Around Christmas, we take three weeks off. At the beginning of February, when everybody is burned out of learning and experiencing serious cabin fever, we take two more weeks off. Then another week off in mid-April and mid-June.
August is our “summer break”. Mommy needs a break, too. I am sure we will keep reading and doing some crafts, but it will be relaxed.
This schedule is inspired by Susan Wise Bauer’s “The Well Trained Mind”.
Do you homeschool year-round or do you follow the public school schedule? | https://homeschoolways.com/yearly/ |
Now, school leaders receive extensive support from the district as part of a system-wide focus on improving access for all students to take AP courses. It’s all to work toward Superintendent Kriner Cash’s goal that every high school will offer at least five AP, IB, or dual credit courses.
“There’s been a definite shift in mindset in this district,” said Cimato, now the district’s associate superintendent of school leadership.
In 2018-19, the district has nearly doubled the total number of AP enrollments from 2016-17. The total number of Black student enrollment in AP courses has increased by 80% and for Latinx students it’s increased by 148%.
The district has also expanded the variety of advanced courses it offers. At one time, school offerings were heavy in English courses. The district is now adding more AP math and science, as well as courses aligned to its career pathways programs such as computer science.
“They’re emerging fields and we wanted our students to have experience in them,” said Anne Botticelli, the district’s chief academic officer.
In the past few years, the district has trained more than 250 teachers to teach AP courses, creating a pool that principals can tap into for hiring when needs and opportunities arise. The last time the district offered system-wide training available to all teachers was more than eight years ago.
“We knew that we wanted to create a pool of teachers,” Botticelli said. “It gives us an opportunity to expand as we’re ready.”
Teachers also have access to dedicated staff members who support schools and principals as they implement the new AP offerings.
The district is also working with Equal Opportunity Schools, an organization committed to increasing enrollment in AP courses, particularly among historically under-served populations. Through the partnership with EOS, participating schools all have an equity team in the building that help identify students who might otherwise be overlooked.
As the district continues to focus on advanced coursework, its next step will be to look at what more they can offer at the middle school level to put students on a pathway to advanced courses in high school.
“We’re happy to see our increase, but there’s always more that can be done,” Botticelli said. | https://nycoal.divvd.com/in-buffalo-a-culture-shift-around-advanced-placement-courses/ |
Indication for Use: β-TCP is indicated for use as a bone grafting material to fill, augment, or reconstruct periodontal or oral/maxillofacial defects.
Dental ß-TCP
- Synthetic bone graft substitutes. Costantino PD, Friedman CD. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1994 Oct;27(5):1037-74.
- Biomaterial aspects of calcium phosphates. Properties and applications. Jarcho M. Dent Clin North Am. 1986 Jan;30(1):25-47.
- Workshop on characterization of calcium phosphate materials. Koeneman et al. Journal of Applied Biomaterials. 1990 1(1):79–90.
- Calcium Phosphate Ceramics as Hard Tissue Prosthetics. Jarcho M. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1981 Jun;(157):259-78.
- Wise, Donald L. Encyclopedic Handbook Of Biomaterials And Bioengineering – Part A: Materials – Volume 2. 1st ed. Marcel Dekker, 1995.
- Bone repair in the twenty-first century: biology, chemistry or engineering? Hing KA et al. Philos Transact A Math Phys Eng Sci.(2004).
- The Role of the Osteoconductive Scaffold in Synthetic Bone Graf. Vaccaro, Alexander R. Orthopedics 25.5 (2002): S571-578. | https://cytophil.com/clinical-information/bone-void-filler-dental/ |
Anticipated value for a given investment. In statistics and probability analysis, expected value is calculated by multiplying each of the possible outcomes by the. In quantum mechanics, the expectation value is the probabilistic expected value of the result (measurement) of an experiment. It is not the most probable value Formalism in quantum · General formulation · Example in configuration. Expected Value (i.e., Mean) of a Discrete Random Variable. Law of Large Numbers: Given a large number of repeated trials, the average of the results will be. | http://romantik-kiez.de/casino/expected-value.php |
Micron continued the losses
For the third quarter (ended May 31, 2012), Micron Technology had a net loss attributable to shareholders of $320 million, on net sales of $2.2 billion.
The results for the third quarter of fiscal 2012 compare to a net loss of $282 million, on net sales of $2.0 billion for the second quarter of fiscal 2012, and net income of $75 million, or $0.07 per diluted share, on net sales of $2.1 billion for the third quarter of fiscal 2011.
Revenues from sales of DRAM products in the third quarter of fiscal 2012 were 20 percent higher due primarily to a 12 percent increase in sales volume and a 7 percent increase in average selling prices compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2012, which included the adverse impact of a $58 million charge to revenue.
Revenues from sales of NAND Flash products were slightly higher in the third quarter of fiscal 2012 compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2012, due primarily to an approximate 40 percent increase in sales volume offset by decreases in average selling prices.
Sales of NOR Flash products were approximately 10 percent of total net sales for the third quarter of fiscal 2012. The company's consolidated gross margin of 11 percent in the third quarter of fiscal 2012 was slightly higher than the second quarter of fiscal 2012. Improvements in margins from sales of DRAM and NOR Flash products were partially offset by declines in margins from sales of NAND Flash products.
Cash flows from operations for the third quarter of fiscal 2012 were $686 million, which included a $300 million customer advance from Intel received in connection with the company's recently announced expansion of its IM Flash activities.
During the third quarter of fiscal 2012, the company raised approximately $875 million in convertible debt financing, net of costs associated with capped call transactions and other costs, and invested approximately $325 million in capital expenditures. The company ended the third quarter with cash and investments of $2.7 billion.
Comments
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CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
EXAMPLE I—CONVENTIONAL FOOD FRYING
EXAMPLE II
Frying Food in Accordance with the Invention
This application is a division of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/712,784, filed on Mar. 1, 2007, pending, the entire disclosure of which is hereby expressly incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to systems and methods for frying food that are suitable for restaurants and more particularly to devices and methods for optimizing product quality and cooking oil usage in commercial restaurant operations using fryer vats.
Fryers are widely used in restaurants for cooking a variety of food products such as French fries, fried chicken, chicken nuggets, fried fish, and the like. A typical fryer includes one or more fryer vats containing cooking oil, each vat having a burner or heating element for heating the oil to cooking temperature. Typically, the vat is adapted to receive a fry basket containing food products so that the food products can be immersed in the hot oil and cooked, and then removed, drained of excess oil and served. During cooking, the food products absorb an amount of oil. The absorbed oil, or uptake oil, is compensated for by periodically adding replacement or make-up oil to the vat for cooking subsequent batches of food.
In the course of cooking food products by frying, the oil becomes contaminated with particulate food matter and other debris. Over time, the cooking process causes increased degradation of the oil due to increases in the amount of impurities that accumulate in the oil, such as for example, increased levels of free fatty acids and total polar compounds in the oil. Additionally, the cooking oil degrades over a period of time due to being subjected to an elevated cooking temperature. The oil may also absorb flavors and odors from the food products, especially when cooking a strongly-flavored food such as fish. When continuing to cook with degraded vat oil an undesirable off-flavor is imparted to the food products affecting the quality of the cooked food product. Most significantly, the taste and texture of the final food product drops below acceptable quality standards. Thus, for optimum food quality it is necessary to periodically replace the oil in the fryer vat with fresh oil. The combined cost of the replacement oil and the discarded oil for commercial restaurant frying operations can account for a significant percentage of total cost of the cooked food product. Another cost consideration regarding oil usage is that oil changes are labor intensive and thus constitute a time-consuming and expensive operation.
To extend the useful life of the cooking oil and reduce the need for oil changes, which are time-consuming and expensive, it is known to filter the particulate matter from the oil. A conventional approach is batch filtration, in which the cooking oil is drained from the vat and then manually filtered before being returned to the vat. After the vat is drained, it may also be wiped out manually to remove any debris that may have accumulated in the bottom of the vat. This method has several disadvantages. First, the vat must be taken out of service and then the vat must be completely drained. Once the oil has been filtered and returned to the vat, it then must be reheated to cooking temperature. This is time-consuming and inefficient and, as a practical matter, has meant that the oil can only be filtered after the end of the business day at the restaurant. Moreover, manually filtering the oil tends to be a messy and inconvenient task.
To address these disadvantages, semi-automatic filtration methods have been proposed. These methods eliminate manual filtering by providing an oil outlet through which used oil is directed from the vat to a filter and a pump or other means for returning filtered oil to the fryer vat. Typically, the number of batches of food products is counted, and when a predetermined number of batches is reached, the oil is filtered. However, depending on the type of food product being cooked, the temperature of the oil and other factors, the number of batches by itself may not provide an accurate indication of whether the oil needs to be filtered. As food is cooked in hot oil, the oil degrades due to increasing levels of free fatty acids and total polar compounds. Using only the batch count, the oil might for example be filtered only once a day if a relatively small number of batches were cooked that day, but other factors may adversely affect oil quality, so that if the oil is not filtered more often, food product quality may suffer. Also, as a practical matter, restaurant personnel may choose to perform semi-automatic filtering only at the end of the business day, which may also result in food product quality degradation between filter cycles.
A need therefore exists for an improved device and method for automatically filtering cooking oil in a fryer.
In addition, a need exists for a system and method for monitoring the elapsed time since the last filtration of cooking oil in a fryer in addition to the number of batches or quantity of food products cooked, and automatically filtering the oil based on the elapsed time since the last filtration and batch or quantity count.
A need also exists for reducing the amount of oil usage for frying food product to reduce oil usage costs and labor associated with conducting a vat oil change.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a commercial method of efficiently frying discrete batches of food includes providing a fry vat containing an amount of cooking oil and then separately and sequentially cooking discrete batches of uncooked food. The amount of food in each discrete batch on a weight basis relative to the amount of cooking oil is in the range of from about 0.0375 to about 0.1, while the total amount of food being cooked in the fry vat at any one time relative to the total amount of oil in the fry vat on a weight basis is less than or equal to about 0.1. The food being cooked in the cooking oil typically results in an uptake of oil by the food in an amount of from about 5.5% to about 13% by weight of the uncooked food with an oil turnover ratio of the oil in the fry vat of from about 0.0026 to about 0.007 per discrete batch on the basis of the weight of the oil uptake per batch to the amount of oil present in the fry vat. Each discrete batch is removed from the fry vat after cooking. Replacement oil is periodically added to the fry vat to replace the uptake oil of the food. A sufficient number of batches are cooked over an extended period of time without changing the oil while achieving an oil turnover equal to the amount of oil in the vat in less than about 60 hours of operation of the fry vat.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the discrete batch size on a weight basis relative to the amount of cooking oil is about 0.05.
In another aspect of the invention the food cooked is French fries and the uptake of oil by the food is about 7% by weight of the food on a frozen uncooked basis.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention the oil turnover time is about 16 hours of operation of the fry vat.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention the oil is used for at least 112 hours of operation of the fry vat before the oil is discarded and replaced with fresh oil.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, oil consumption is minimized. The amount of oil consumed per pound of food cooked is about 0.10 or less and in another embodiment is about 0.087 pounds of oil per pound of French fries cooked or less. Typically, this is accomplished while employing an oil turnover ratio of from about 0.0026 to about 0.007 while maintaining a high quality of the resulting cooked food products.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention the oil in the fry vat is periodically filtered.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention the replacement oil is added to the vat at a flow rate in the range of about 0.008 to about 0.08 gallons per minute of replacement oil per gallon of oil in the fry vat.
In accordance with still another aspect of the present invention, the method can further include periodically and frequently filtering the fry vat oil after frying a predetermined quantity of food and/or after a predetermined period of time after initiating cooking. Typically, frequent periodic filtration in accordance with the invention means filtering the fry oil promptly (typically without any further frying of additional batches of food in the fry vat) after frying an amount of food in the oil when the ratio of the amount of food fried to the amount of oil in the fry vat reaches about 0.7 (for example, after frying about 21 pounds of fried food using a fry vat with about 30 pounds of oil) and more preferably about 0.4 (for example, after frying about 12 pounds of food using a fry vat with about 30 pounds of oil) or less and most preferably about 0.33 or less. In addition, alternating the periodic filtration can occur after about 2 hours or less after the initial food products are cooked in the oil and more preferably after about 1 hour or less after the initial food products are cooked in the oil.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a commercial method of efficiently frying discrete batches of food is provided. The method includes providing a fry vat containing an amount of cooking oil, separately and sequentially cooking discrete batches of uncooked food, the amount of food in each discrete batch on a weight basis relative to the amount of cooking oil being in the range of from about 0.0375 to about 0.1, wherein the total amount of food being cooked in the fry vat at any time relative to the amount of oil in the fry vat being less than or equal to about 0.1, where the food being cooked in the cooking oil results in an uptake of oil by the food in an amount of from about 5.5% to about 13% by weight of the uncooked food and an oil turnover ratio of from about 0.0026 to about 0.007 per discrete batch; removing each discrete batch from the fry vat after cooking; and frequently periodically filtering the oil in the fry vat and returning the filtered oil to the fry vat.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the filtering occurs promptly after frying food in the fry oil wherein the ratio of the amount of food fried to the amount of oil in the fry vat is about 0.7 or less, more preferably about 0.4 or less and most preferably about 0.33 or less. The method may further include cooking a sufficient number of batches over an extended period of time without changing the oil to achieve an oil turnover equal to the amount of oil in the vat in less than about 60 hours of operation of the fry vat. In addition, the method may further include periodically adding replacement oil to the fry vat to replace the uptake oil of the food.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, an improved method for cooking food product in cooking oil is provided that includes monitoring the elapsed time since the last filtration of the cooking oil, monitoring the number of batches of food product cooked in the oil, and filtering the oil when a predetermined threshold value is reached based on the elapsed time since the last filtration and the number of batches cooked.
In accordance with still another aspect of the present invention, a prompt for a human operator is provided prior to filtering when the predetermined threshold is reached.
In another aspect of the invention, the oil is filtered based on an equation which defines the threshold as a function of the number of batches of food cooked and the elapsed time since the last filtration.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method of treating cooking oil used in frying food products includes monitoring the elapsed time since the last filtration of the oil, monitoring the amount of food cooked in the oil, and filtering the cooking oil when a predetermined threshold value is reached based on the elapsed time since the last filtration and the amount of food products cooked in the oil.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method of treating cooking oil used in frying food products includes monitoring the elapsed time since the last filtration of the oil, weighing the food products before cooking to monitor the amount of food cooked in the oil, and filtering the cooking oil when a predetermined threshold value is reached based on the elapsed time since the last filtration and the amount of food products cooked in the oil.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a system for filtering oil in a fryer includes a fryer vat, an oil outlet and an oil return inlet in the fryer vat, an oil filter, a valve for permitting the flow of oil from the outlet to the filter, a pump for returning oil from the filter to the fryer vat via the oil return inlet, means for monitoring the elapsed time since the last filtration of the cooking oil, means for monitoring the number of batches of food product cooked in the oil, and means for controlling the valve and pump to filter the oil when a predetermined threshold value is reached based on the elapsed time since the last filtration and the number of batches of food cooked.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the means for monitoring the elapsed time since the last filtration of the oil comprises a batch sensor and a computer.
In another aspect of the invention, the computer is programmed to calculate the threshold using an equation which defines the threshold as a function of the amount of food cooked and the elapsed time since the last filtration of the oil.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the system includes a baffle adjacent the oil return inlet for forming a flow of filtered oil for rinsing the vat.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention an automated method of maintaining a level of oil in a fry vat having a volume is provided that includes automatically monitoring the level of oil in the fry vat device and sensing the level of oil in the fry vat. When the sensed level of oil is less than or equal to a first predetermined level, oil is automatically added into the fry vat at a low average flow rate relative to the volume of the oil in the fry vat. The low average flow rate is in the range of from about 0.008 to about 0.08 pounds per minute per pound of oil present in the fry vat at the first predetermined level. The oil is added at the low average flow rate to avoid a temperature drop of more than about 15° F. and preferably more than about 10° F. or 5° F. in the bulk oil present in the fry vat as a result of the adding of the oil.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention the method includes causing the oil to enter the fry vat at a desired location or locations, which may be, for example, along a sidewall of the fry vat.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention the oil is added at a low average flow rate to avoid a bulk temperature drop of the oil in the fry vat of more than about 15° F. when adding the oil, preferably about 10° F. and more preferably about 5° F.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention the make-up oil is added to the fry vat at an average flow rate of from about 0.008 to about 0.08 gallons per minute per gallon of oil present in the fry vat at the first predetermined level.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention the oil is added at a low average flow rate that continues until the level of oil in the fry vat reaches a second predetermined level.
FIGS. 1 and 2
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Referring to the Figures generally and in particular to , a fryer in accordance with the invention is illustrated. Fryer includes a housing and two fry vats A, B as illustrated. Each fry vat A, B is configured to accommodate two fry baskets at the same time. Fry baskets can be manually or automatically placed into a fry position and removed from vats A, B as is known in the art. Each of fry baskets can be held by a respective bracket in a holding position above the oil in vats A, B. Such an arrangement is well known in the art. Other fry vat configurations for a fryer are contemplated as desired, including a single vat, two vats as shown, three vats, or four or more vats. Each vat A, B is provided with a suitable heating element , which can be a gas burner or an electric heating element known in the art. Housing of fryer has a front panel which includes a control and display panel for fry vats A, B. Control and display panel includes input keys or buttons and an alphanumeric display (such as an LED or LCD display) for controlling the various functions and monitoring the status of fryer as hereafter described in more detail.
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The lower portion of housing has one or more doors for providing access to the interior of the lower portion of housing . An oil pan is positioned inside the lower portion of housing behind doors . Oil pan is preferably mounted in a slide-out drawer for ease of access and removal for cleaning. A filter screen and a filter element are provided above or in an upper location in oil pan for periodically screening and filtering the fry vat oil to remove unwanted food debris from the frying of food products.
FIGS. 1
FIG. 2
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Referring to , and , each vat A, B has an oil outlet or drain at its bottom which slopes towards oil outlet and a solenoid-controlled valve located under oil outlet . Bottom of each vat A, B is preferably a generally flat surface including surfaces sloping toward oil outlet to facilitate draining of oil and debris from vats A, B. When the oil in one of vats A, B is to be filtered, associated valve is opened so that oil is drained from vat A via oil outlet and is directed via piping to filter screen for removal of larger debris particles and then through filter element for removal of smaller particles. Filter element may include a stainless steel wire mesh or other suitable filter material. Alternately, a disposable paper filter or pad (not shown) may be placed on top of filter screen or filter element , and, if desired, a filter powder such as one containing diatomaceous earth may be sprinkled on the paper, as is known in the art. A similar arrangement is provided for vat B using the same oil pan , filter screen , filter element and other equipment as shown in , for example.
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After passing through filter element , the filtered oil is returned to vat A or B by a pump via oil return piping . A valve directs the filtered oil to vat A or B via piping and . Oil is returned to vat A via an oil return inlet . Preferably, as shown in , a deflector is provided in each of vats A and B adjacent oil return inlet to deflect the stream of oil into a broader stream or spray to rinse any remaining debris from the bottom of vats A and B.
FIGS. 2 and 5
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Referring to , a basket sensor may optionally be located in each of vats A and B to detect each time a basket is placed into and removed from one of vats A and B. Basket sensor may be, e.g., an optical or electromechanical device. A temperature sensor (such as a thermocouple or an RTD (a resistance temperature detector)) and an oil level sensor are also provided in each vat A and B. An automatic oil filling system may also be provided to fill, refill or top off vats A, B with fresh oil that is pumped by a pump from an oil supply through a solenoid-controlled valve and piping to discharge into vat at a location therein as desired. The oil used for fryer may be any suitable type of cooking oil that typically can be used for cooking food product. In typical use, each batch of food to be fried generally may be uniform and predetermined or pre-measured, and thus the total amount of food cooked by weight can be calculated by simply counting the number of batches cooked. Alternately, a scale may be provided for weighing food products before they are cooked to monitor the amount by weight of food that has been cooked.
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A controller is provided to control food product cooking cycles, monitoring the heat history of the cooking oil (i.e., time since food cooking began) and the number of batches of food products cooked in each vat A and B, to control the filtration process, and to control the oil top-off process. As shown in , controller receives inputs from basket sensor , temperature sensor and oil level sensor in each vat A, B, scale (if present), and human operator inputs from keys or buttons on control and display panel . Controller outputs display signals to control and display panel , and control signals to burner or heating element , valves , and , pumps and , and other components of fryer . Controller may be, e.g., a PC (personal computer), dedicated microcontroller (such as for each vat as desired), microprocessor or custom logic device.
FIG. 3
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is a flowchart of an automated intermittent filtering (AIF) method in accordance with the invention. Vat is filled with oil and heated to the appropriate cooking temperature. Food products are placed in basket and basket is lowered into the hot oil in vat . In embodiments having optional basket sensor , as basket enters vat , it triggers basket sensor which sends a signal to controller . Where there is no basket sensor, for example, the operator presses a product key on control and display panel to initiate the programmed cooking cycle for the food product, e.g., French fries. The programmed cooking cycle includes the appropriate cooking time and temperature for the selected food product.
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In response to the product key activation, the system checks to see if a special type key on control and display panel was selected. For example, since fish products have different characteristics from many other food products, it may be desirable to utilize a vat only for fish products and to filter the cooking oil on request only, when the operator believes filtration may be desirable (which may be more frequently than for milder-flavored food such as French fries). Thus, if the “fish” product key is selected, the system disables the AIF mode and will filter only when manually commanded to do so.
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If no special type key has been activated, a batch counter is set and incremented. A batch is counted each time the operator presses a key on control and display panel to initiate a cooking cycle for a batch of food. Alternately, a batch may be counted when basket passes basket sensor as basket is lowered into vat . The current batch count may be displayed on control and display panel , if desired. The system also monitors the elapsed time since the oil was heated to cooking temperature. When the counter reaches a predetermined number, e.g., 10, indicating that 10 batches of food products have been cooked, and/or when a predetermined time, e.g., one hour, has elapsed during which the oil has been at cooking temperature or another predetermined temperature, a filter routine is initiated.
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Controller stores time and batch count information to determine when to initiate a filter routine. The elapsed time since the last filtration of the oil, together with the number of batches and/or quantity by weight of food cooked in the oil, provides a more meaningful indication of when the oil should be filtered for optimum cooking performance and extended useful life of the oil than a batch count alone.
As noted above, in a typical restaurant, the total amount of food cooked by weight can often be calculated by simply counting the number of batches cooked, since each batch of food to be fried is pre-measured. For example, a batch of French fries may be standardized at about 1.5 pounds.
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The threshold for triggering filtration may be expressed as an equation which defines the threshold Fas a function of the amount of food cooked and the elapsed time, e.g.,
b+kt=F
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where b=number of batches of food cooked
k=a constant, selected to achieve the desired filtration frequency
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t=time units elapsed since last filtration In an exemplary embodiment, time unit t may be expressed as fraction of one hour. For example, one unit t may be defined as 1/10 of an hour (six minutes) and constant k may be 1. The threshold F may be set at . In this example, a filter routine will be triggered when the sum of the number of batches b and the number of 1/10 hour intervals since the last filtration equals 10. It has been found that in periods of more or less continuous cooking (e.g., during busy times at a restaurant) where each batch of food cooks in about 3 minutes, filtering the oil every 10 batches (that is, about every 30 minutes) maintains excellent oil quality and uniformity, thereby providing improved and more uniform cooking results compared to infrequent filtering, such as filtering at the end of a day of frying food. During periods of more intermittent cooking (e.g. during slower times at a restaurant), when only a few batches may be cooked in an hour, it has been found that oil quality will deteriorate over time as some food debris (for example, such as crumbs from breading) remains in the hot oil and will continue to carbonize. Using the elapsed time units t in combination with the number of batches b ensures that the oil will be filtered at appropriate intervals even during periods of intermittent cooking, thus maintaining oil quality. Thus, the system and method of the invention account for both continuous and intermittent cooking periods and deliver improved oil and food quality. The equation and constant k may be programmed into controller , which will use data from control and display panel , basket sensor (if used), and/or scale to calculate the threshold.
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During the filtering process, burner or heating element for the vat to be filtered is turned off. Solenoid-controlled valve at bottom of vat is opened, and oil flows through outlet or drain opening and piping to filter screen and filter element where debris is removed from the oil.
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Pump is then turned on to send a quantity of filtered oil to vat via oil return inlet to rinse vat . In this manner, food, residual crumbs and other debris can be removed from vat before filling with filtered oil. Valve remains open. After a predetermined rinse time, e.g., one minute, valve closes and pump can remain on to refill vat or alternatively pump is turned off and the rinse oil drains from vat back to the filter where debris is removed and the rinse cycle may be repeated, if desired, before refilling vat . In one embodiment, when the oil reaches the level of heating element , heating element is activated to reheat the oil in vat .
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Alternatively, upon completion of the filtration and rinse cycles, valve is closed and pump is turned on. Filtered oil is pumped back into vat , and fresh oil is added, if needed, either manually or by automatic oil filling system , to reach the proper oil level as detected by oil level sensor . Burner or heating element is turned back on (for example, when the oil level covers heating element ) and the oil brought back to cooking temperature. Regardless of the particular filtration embodiment, all of the foregoing steps are controlled automatically by software running on controller .
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Optionally, before the filter routine is initiated, the human operator may be prompted and asked whether he wishes to filter the oil at that time. He may choose to delay filtering if, for example, it is a very busy time at the restaurant and he does not wish to take the vat out of service. If the operator presses the “no” button on control panel , filtration will be delayed and cooking will be allowed to continue. However, the product count will be divided by 2 and the counter will be reset, so that the next prompt for filtration will occur sooner. Optionally, a red light or LED on control panel or other indicator may be triggered when the count reaches 1 to alert the operator that filtration will be due on the next cooking cycle. Optionally, the system may prompt the operator for a yes or no response to a message such as “Are you sure?” after the operator enters a command as to whether to filter at that time.
FIG. 4
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As seen in , a manual filtration method may also be provided. The manual filtration process is initiated when the operator presses and holds the “filter” key on control and display panel . Preferably, the operator must depress and hold the key for a defined time, e.g., five seconds, to avoid accidentally triggering the filtration cycle. The system prompts the operator to confirm that he wishes to filter, and if he confirms, turns off burner or heating element for the selected vat . The system then prompts the operator by asking if he wants to drop the oil. If he responds by pressing the “yes” key, valve is opened and the oil drains from vat to oil pan for filtering as previously described. If at any point in response to a prompt the operator selects “no” burner or heating element is turned back on and the system returns to cooking mode.
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FIG. 4
The system then prompts whether the operator wishes to rinse vat . If yes, valve is left open, and pump is turned on to rinse vat with clean oil. After a predetermined rinse time (e.g., one minute), valve is closed and pump is turned on to refill vat . As shown in , the rinse cycle may be repeated if desired. After the final rinse is completed, burner or heating element is turned on to bring the oil back up to cooking temperature and the system returns to cooking mode. This rinsing operation flushes food crumbs and other food debris from the vat through drain .
In one embodiment, the combined monitoring of the elapsed time since the last filtration of the oil and the number of batches of food products which have been cooked provides a more accurate determination of oil quality and ensures that filtration is performed at the optimum point in time. It has been found that the automatic filtration process done in this manner can be accomplished very quickly, e.g., for a typical-size fryer vat the filtration can be completed in as little as about three or four minutes depending on the size of the fry vat, such as for a 15 or 30 pounds of oil vat. As a result, restaurant operators can filter oil more often and more conveniently, even during the business day, thus extending the oil's useful life and yielding considerable cost savings and reducing the volume of discarded oil.
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Turning now to additional aspects of the invention, it is noted that prior to beginning cooking operations, vat is filled to a predetermined nominal level of cooking oil to provide a predetermined oil weight and/or depth. As discussed below in detail, the present invention provides optimal oil usage by selecting a predetermined amount of oil depending upon the type of food to be cooked, the typical discrete batch size of the food, the maximum amount of food cooked in vat at any given time, the amount of oil that will be absorbed by the food product during cooking, the turnover ratio of oil for a batch of food cooked, and the number of batches anticipated to be cooked over a given extended time period of operation so as to achieve at least one turnover of cooking oil . By operating in accordance with this aspect of the invention, oil usage is minimized over an extended period of commercial operation of fryer , while at the same time maintaining a high quality for the finished cooked food products.
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During the process of cooking a food product, an amount of oil is absorbed by the food. The amount of oil absorbed is referred to as the oil uptake. In order to keep the level of oil of vat at, or near, the predetermined nominal level selected in accordance with the invention, it is necessary to periodically add replacement oil to vat . As noted previously, for automatically replacing oil uptake, oil supply , oil level sensor and pump are provided for pumping oil from oil supply to vat . Oil level sensor may be any suitable device for sensing oil level, including by way of example, sensing based on optical sensing, weight sensing, or level sensing based on the temperature difference between the temperature measured adjacent oil level sensor and the temperature of heated cooking oil . In regard to the latter sensing method, it is noted that as the level of heated cooking oil drops below the position of oil level sensor , the temperature at sensor also drops. This temperature differential can be the basis for controller initiating the addition of replacement oil to vat until oil level sensor indicates a temperature expected at sensor when cooking oil is returned to the desired predetermined level.
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FIGS. 1 and 2
Oil supply can be held in any suitable container, such as for example, a jug-in-box container or a bulk source of oil stored at a remote location (not shown). Container may be stored within housing , or at a remote location. Oil replacement piping provides a fluid passageway from oil container to vat and may have a heating element associated with it to heat replacement oil as hereafter described. In the illustrated embodiment, piping terminates at an oil inlet on one of sidewalls of vat , such as rear sidewall as shown in . It is to be understood that the oil inlet can be located at any desirable location so that replacement or make-up oil will be discharged into fry vat . Whenever oil level sensor senses that the level of oil in vat has dropped a predetermined amount from the nominal oil amount, controller activates pump to cause replacement oil to be pumped from oil container to vat via piping . As shown in , a single oil container and a single oil pump may be used to provide replacement oil for both vats A and B by directing oil flow though solenoid-controlled valve or other suitable valve. Valve is control by controller and is movable between various valve positions to direct oil replacement flow to either both of vats A and B, solely to vat A, or solely to vat B through piping , depending on the need for replacement oil as sensed by sensor . If no replacement oil is needed in either of vats A or B, valve is closed to prevent flow through valve . Alternatively, each of vats A and B may have its own dedicated oil supply , valve and/or pump .
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The pumping of replacement, or top-off oil, takes place at low average flow rates and continues until the oil level in vat is replenished to the full or nominal oil level. Once oil level sensor senses this has been accomplished, controller deactivates pump to stop the further flow of replacement oil. The replacement oil may be added in a continuous flow, or alternatively can be added in intermittent flow such as by pumping individual doses, for example one dose of about a ½ pound slug or aliquot of replacement oil that is dispensed at oil inlet every 60 seconds or greater period of time until the full or nominal oil level is reached.
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The addition of ambient temperature replacement oil (and oil at a temperature less than the normal cooking oil temperature) will cause a drop in the temperature of heated cooking oil in vat . To avoid the unacceptable temperature decline and to produce consistent high quality food product, it is advantageous to maintain a relatively consistent cooking temperature for cooking oil over the cooking cycle of the food product. Therefore, in accordance with the invention, the addition of replacement oil is done in a manner to avoid a temperature drop that adversely affects the cooking ability of the heated bulk vat oil. Preferably, the introduction of replacement oil is done in a manner that avoids a temperature drop of the heated bulk oil in the fry vat of more than about 10° F., more preferably less than or equal to about 5° F. When replacement oil is added in this manner the performance for frying is not adversely affected. Specifically, a batch of food being fried during the addition of replacement oil is not adversely affected, nor is the ability of the fryer to accept new batches of food adversely affected.
The temperature drop experienced will depend primarily upon, (1) the temperature of the heated cooking oil in the vat, (2) the temperature of the replacement oil added and (3) the relative amount of replacement oil and the amount of oil present in the vat. The objective of the present invention in limiting the bulk temperature drop for the heated vat oil is accomplished by adding replacement oil at a low average flow rate relative to the sensed amount of oil present in the vat, and/or by causing the initiation of the addition of replacement oil whenever a relatively low amount of drop in oil level from the nominal level is experienced or detected.
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In regard to the latter, controller initiates the flow of replacement oil by activation of pump whenever the amount of the oil drop reaches a predetermined set point. Preferably, this set point is selected to cause activation of replacement oil flow when the oil drop represents about a 0.02 pound drop in replacement oil per pound of nominal oil of the fry vat, or less. More preferably, the set point is about 0.015 pounds per pound of nominal vat oil for replacement oil at about ambient temperature. Thus, where the nominal amount of cooking oil is, for example, 30 pounds, preferably the set point for initiating the addition of replacement oil at ambient temperature would be at a drop in oil level of about 0.6 pounds or less; and the more preferable set point to initiate the flow of replacement oil at ambient temperature would be at about 0.45 pound drop or less in oil level from the nominal oil level for cooking.
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In another embodiment of the invention, the replacement oil is added to vat at a low average flow rate relative to amount of oil present in the vat when the addition of replacement oil is added. For oil added at ambient temperature, preferably the average flow rate is in the range of about 0.008 pounds per minute per pound of vat oil to an upper limit of about 0.08 pounds per minute per pound of vat oil, or less. For example, for a vat that has 30 pounds of vat oil present in vat when the replacement oil is added, the average flow rate of replacement oil would be in the preferred range of about 0.24 pounds per minute of replacement oil to about an upper range of about 2.4 pounds per minute of replacement oil, or less. Oil can be added at a higher rate average flow rate, and the set point for initiating the flow of replacement oil can be set at a greater drop in vat oil, when the replacement oil is heated above ambient temperature.
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In still another embodiment of the invention, the replacement or make-up oil can be heated by a suitable heat source, such as an electric resistance heating element that may be associated with oil replacement piping . The oil may be heated to a temperature as desired, such as, for example, about 100° F., 200° F., 300° F. or higher, generally up to the cooking temperature of the oil and anywhere in a temperature range of about 100° F. up to about the cooking oil temperature of vat . Higher replacement oil temperature (generally up to the normal cooking oil temperature) permits a higher flow rate of the replacement oil without excessively cooling the oil in the fry vat (preferably not more than a 10° F. temperature drop and most preferably a 5° F. temperature drop or less).
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It is noted that the flow rates set forth above are average flow rates, and thus the actual flow rate over a short period of time, for example five seconds, may be at times higher than the average flow rate of replacement oil taken over a longer period of time, for example 1 minute. For example, the addition of a slug or aliquot of 0.5 pound of replacement oil over a six second period followed by no additional replacement oil for fifty four seconds, is considered an average flow rate of 0.5 pound per minute, or 0.016 pounds per minute per pound of vat oil present, for a vat having 30 pounds of vat oil present in vat when the replacement oil is added. Likewise, a continuous flow of replacement oil at 2.5 pounds per minute that is stopped after ¼ minute is considered as an average flow rate of 0.625 pounds per minute, or 0.0208 pounds per minute of replacement oil per pound of vat oil present, for a vat having 30 pounds of oil present when the replacement oil is added.
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It is also noted that since the temperature of heated cooking oil drops as ambient temperature replacement oil is added, controller can be programmed to activate heating element , if not already activated, in anticipation of, and/ or during, the addition of replacement oil. Controller can also be programmed to stop the flow of replacement oil, when it is detected that a greater than about five degree temperature drop in the cooking oil has been caused by the addition of replacement oil; and resume the addition of replacement oil when the temperature of vat oil has recovered by increasing at least a predetermined amount.
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In commercial cooking operations, such as a high volume quick-service restaurant, particular consideration also needs to be directed to changes in the quality of the cooking oil. This may be because the cooking process causes degradation of the oil due to increases in the amount of impurities that accumulate in cooking oil over a period of time. For example, as previously noted the cooking of food products increases the levels of free fatty acids and total polar compounds in the oil. In addition, cooking oil may degrade over a period of time due to the oil being subjected to an elevated cooking temperature. Regardless of the reason, after extended use, the quality of the oil decreases to a point where the degraded oil begins to noticeably affect the quality of the cooked food product. Most significantly, the taste and texture of the final food product drops below acceptable standards of quality. Thus, in order to maintain high quality food production, it is necessary to periodically change cooking oil . Changing cooking oil typically is accomplished by withdrawing or draining substantially all of cooking oil and then refilling vat with fresh oil to the predetermined level of oil. Draining cooking oil may be conveniently accomplished by opening valve to drain cooking oil through outlet , piping and into oil pan , and thereafter discarding the oil from pan . During the process of changing the oil, the surfaces of vat may also be manually or otherwise cleaned of any residue or debris and/or degraded oil. Refilling vat with cooking oil may be accomplished by manually refilling vat with fresh oil, or by pumping fresh oil from a bulk oil source or from oil source and into vat at oil inlet .
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Determining the point in time when changing the oil of vat becomes necessary can be ascertained by various test methods as are well known to those skilled in the art. Briefly, these tests include the testing of the taste of cooked food, inspecting oil characteristics during cooking, observing the amount of smoke given off during cooking, and comparing the color of the used cooking oil to known color standards. In the taste test, cooked food products are tasted for a burnt, bitter, or rancid taste. If any such taste is experienced, the oil requires changing. When cooking with oil of an acceptable quality, brisk bubbles (relatively fast rising) come off the food product as it cooks. The observation of slow, lazy bubbles (relatively slow rising) indicates oil decomposition has taken place and that cooking oil needs to be discarded. Also, any oil that produces excessive yellow foam requires changing. Additionally, excessive smoking during cooking, often accompanied by yellow foaming and an off taste, is a sign of oil deterioration to an extent that the oil should be discarded and replaced.
A colorimetric test also can be utilized to determine whether the oil needs replacement. Oil naturally darkens as it ages and is used for cooking. The oil color of the used vat oil can be tested and compared to a color standard of an acceptable quality. Color testing typically includes using an eye dropper or other suitable device to remove a small sample of the vat oil and then holding the vat sample next to an oil color standard to compare the color of the vat sample to the color standard. The oil color standard can be selected to have the color of oil that is fresh, or another standard color, such as the color of oil that has been used for an extended period of time, but has not yet reached the point of requiring the discarding of the oil. It is noted that since the changes in color in the vat oil vary depending on the type of food cooked, each food type may have its own guide standard for comparison with the color of vat samples tested. If the color of the oil sample withdrawn from the vat is clearly lighter than the darker color of the color standard, an oil change would not be indicated. If the oil is close to, or slightly exceeds the darker color of the color standard, such a result would prompt further scrutiny of the oil quality, such as by further testing with the previously mentioned test methods. If the sample color is much darker than the standard color, an oil change typically would be warranted.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the need to sample and test oil quality can be reduced or eliminated by changing the oil after a predetermined amount of food is cooked and/or time of use has been reached.
In addition to labor and expense of monitoring oil quality to maintain cooked food quality, the cost of the cooking oil used over a period of time is of considerable importance in commercial restaurant frying operations. This is especially true when considering the large quantities of cooking oil that are consumed with high volume cooking applications in restaurants. In frying foods such as French fries and chicken, for example, the cooking oil costs are a significant percentage of the total costs of producing the cooked product, and therefore the annual amount spent on cooking oil can be substantial. Thus, an important objective achieved by this invention is the reduction of oil costs by increasing the amount of food that can be cooked over time for a given amount of cooking oil usage without sacrificing the quality of the cooked products.
The reduced oil usage is inherently accomplished by conducting cooking operations in accordance with the present invention. Preferably, the food products are cooked in discrete predetermined batch sizes or generally predetermined and uniform weight batch sizes, using relatively low amounts of vat oil per weight of food cooked per batch or basket. Typically, these amounts are predetermined as a ratio of precooked food weight relative to oil weight. Other aspects are periodically adding replacement oil to the vat to compensate for oil uptake during cooking, providing relatively high oil turnover per batch of food cooked (oil turnover ratio) that are within a specified range, and cooking a sufficient number of batches within a specified period of operation to achieve at least one oil turnover. As discussed subsequently in greater detail, an oil turnover is considered to have occurred when the weight of oil uptake by the total amount of food cooked over a period of time equals the weight of the nominal oil weight of the fry vat. Thus, for a vat that holds 30 pounds of oil during frying, 30 pounds of oil would have been consumed or absorbed by the food cooked therein. Amounts of oil vaporized or otherwise lost by, for example, splashing out of the vat or otherwise, are relatively small and can typically be ignored.
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The present invention makes it practical to produce high quality food, and provides high quality methods for cooking quick-service foods, including French fries and chicken nuggets, strips, breasts, pieces and the like. For a quick-service restaurant in accordance with the invention, high quality French fries typically are cooked in discrete batches of frozen French fries that weigh between about 1.125 pounds to 3.0 pounds per batch and may be, for example, a 1.5 pound batch. The French fries are cooked in vat oil heated to a desired temperature, which typically may be in the range of about 320 to about 335° F. (168° C.), or as otherwise desired. Controller can operate heating element to maintain the temperature in this range or as otherwise desired. It is noted that when simultaneously cooking an amount of frozen French fries having a total weight greater than 1.5 pounds, preferably vat (a vat that is configured to contain 30 pounds of cooking oil during operation) is equipped with two fry baskets . Thus, if for example 3 pounds of French fries are to be cooked at the same time, preferably a batch of size of about 1.5 pounds would be placed in each of two fry baskets . It is also noted that when cooking using multiple fry baskets , the fry baskets desirably are sequentially lowered in the vat, at least 30 seconds apart. This is done so the temperature of the oil can recover from the temperature drop caused by submerging the first fry basket of frozen French fries, prior to submerging the next batch contained in the second fry basket . Typically, when cooking high quality French fries, the depth of the oil is preferably such that the frozen French fry batch can be submerged when initially placed into the oil so that the uppermost part of the batch is preferably submerged below the surface of the oil. In exemplary 1% pound batch sizes the depth of the vat oil may typically be on the order of about 3.8 or about 4 inches. As the French fries cook, they lose water and eventually tend to float on the oil. Each batch preferably is cooked for a predetermined period of time that depends on the type and size of the food product. One type of French fry is cooked for about minutes, for example. Setting cooking times is well known in the art and can vary depending on food type, configuration of the food product, including surface area of the food relative to food mass, the temperature of the food product when placed in the vat, and other factors.
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In practicing the present invention to reduce oil usage, the amount of cooking oil used in vat is optimized relative to the discrete batch sizes of uncooked food and the total amount of food to be cooked at any given time. For example, if fryer is to be used for cooking batch sizes of frozen French fries weighing about 1.125 pounds to about 3.0 pounds, a predetermined nominal amount of cooking oil is placed in vat so that the weight of the uncooked intended batch sizes are about 0.0375 to about 0.1 of the weight of the cooking oil in vat . Thus, for a batch size of about 1.5 pounds, preferably from about 15 to about 40 pounds of vat oil would be used for cooking in vat . It is additionally noted that, preferably the maximum total amount of food cooked in vat at any given time will be less than or equal to 0.1 times the weight of cooking oil . For example, if the amount of cooking oil is 30 pounds, no more than about 3 pounds of frozen French fries or other food product would be cooked at the same time. This can be accomplished, for example, in a 30 pound oil vat having space for two fry baskets, each for holding 1.5 pounds of French fries or other food per basket.
Cooking of frozen French fries typically results in an oil uptake by the food by weight of the uncooked frozen French fries in the range of from about 5.5% to about 8%. Cooking of protein-type food products, such as chicken and fish fillets, typically results in an oil uptake by the food by weight of the uncooked food in a range of from about 5.5 to about 13%.
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Depending on the type of food cooking operation, a single vat might be used more than a single type of food. For example, in one type of operation a vat might be dedicated to cook only frozen French fries or only chicken pieces. In other instances, the vat may be used to cook both French fries and chicken pieces. In such instances over a period of time, the oil uptake achieved during cooking can range from about 5.5% to about 13% by weight of the precooked food. Thus, in cooking the various types of foods, the typical turnover ratio accomplished by the absorbed, or oil uptake amount during cooking is in the range of about 0.0026 to 0.007 per discrete 1.5 pound batch using about 30 pounds of cooking oil in the vat. By cooking a sufficient number of batches during the operating time in which the cooking oil is subjected to elevated cooking temperatures, a sufficient turnover rate for cooking oil is achieved to enable the highly efficient oil usage of this invention resulting in increased oil life before oil changing is necessary or desirable. For example, a sufficient number of batches are cooked within an operating time period, such as within about 60 hours, to provide at least one turnover of cooking oil . This could occur, for example, after completion of six 10-hour working shifts. By way of a more specific alternative example, when cooking 1.5 pound batches of frozen French fries averaging an oil uptake of approximately 7% by weight of the uncooked French fries, cooking approximately 285 batches will achieve one turnover (30 pounds of oil) of cooking oil .
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As illustrated by the following examples, by cooking and operating fryer in accordance with the invention, a significant reduction in overall oil usage can be achieved without noticeable reductions in food quality.
A fry vat of a fryer apparatus was filled to a conventional initial nominal cooking level of about 50 pounds of cooking oil. The oil was heated to a targeted cooking temperature of about 335° F. (168° C.) during daily periods of operation of approximately 10 continuous hours per day. The fry vat was used to sequentially fry numerous batches of frozen French fries with each batch weighing about 1.5 pounds prior to cooking. The batch weight of frozen French fries relative to the weight of the vat oil was 0.030. Whenever two 1.5 pound batches of fries were to be cooked simultaneously, at least a 30 second delay was provided between submerging the first fry basket holding the first batch, and the second fry basket holding the second batch of frozen fries. No more than two batches, for a total of about 3 lbs of frozen French fries, were cooked at the same time. Thus, the maximum weight of the food cooked at any given time was 0.06 times the weight of the 50 pounds of cooking oil in the vat. The fries were lowered into the fry vat and cooked for a cooking period of about 3 minutes. Additional batches were sequentially cooked in a like manner so that approximately 100 pounds of frozen French fries were cooked each day. Each day of operation consisted of a continuous operating period during the restaurant operation. During the daily operational period, the oil was continuously maintained in the range of about 320° F. to about 335° F., including periods when no cooking of food product took place. At the end of the daily period of operation the heat was turned off and the vat oil was filtered and allowed to cool to room temperature until heated for beginning the period of restaurant operation the following day. During cooking, the frozen French fries absorbed a weight of cooking oil in the average amount of approximately 7% of the weight of the uncooked frozen French fries. The average turnover ratio per 1.5 pound batch of French fries cooked was about 0.0021. As the level of oil dropped, make-up oil was periodically added to the vat to maintain the amount of oil in the vat at approximately 50 pounds. The fryer apparatus was used in a like manner for six consecutive days. Approximately 100 pounds of frozen French fries were cooked each day of operation, for a total of approximately 600 pounds of French fries. During this time, the cooked French fries were periodically tasted and determined to have had an acceptable taste and quality level. The quality of the oil was also monitored. After 6 days of frying, the quality of the cooking oil had degraded to the point where the entire approximately 50 pounds of cooking oil in the vat needed replacement with fresh oil. During the 6 days of operation, approximately 42 pounds of make-up cooking oil were added to the vat to maintain the level of cooking oil in the vat at approximately 50 pounds. During this six day period, a turnover of approximately 84% of the nominal 50 pounds of the vat cooking oil was achieved which equates to an average 14% daily turnover rate. The total oil used over the 6 day period was approximately 92 pounds, which included the approximately 50 pound initial amount of cooking oil and the approximately 42 pounds of added make-up oil. The average weight of cooking oil used to fry 100 pounds of French fries was calculated to be 15.33 pounds.
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A fry vat of a fryer apparatus was filled to an initial nominal cooking level of about pounds of cooking oil. The oil was heated to a targeted cooking temperature of about 335° F. (168° C.) during the period of operation. The fry vat was used to sequentially fry numerous batches of frozen French fries with each batch weighing about 1.5 pounds prior to cooking. The batch weight of frozen French fries relative to the weight of the vat oil was about 0.05. When two 1.5 pound batches of fries were to be cooked simultaneously, at least a 30 second delay was provided between submerging the first fry basket holding the first batch, and the second fry basket holding the second batch of frozen fries. No more than two batches, for a total of about 3 lbs of frozen French fries, were cooked at the same time. Thus, the maximum weight of the food cooked at any given time was 0.1 times the weight of the 30 pounds of cooking oil in the vat. The fries were lowered into the fry vat and cooked for a cooking period of about 3 minutes. Additional batches were sequentially cooked in a like manner so that approximately 100 pounds of frozen French fries were cooked each day. Each day of operation consisted of a continuous operating period as in Example I. During the operational period, the oil was continuously maintained in the range of about 320° F. to about 335° F. and heated as necessary to maintain the oil temperature in the desired range, including periods when no cooking of food product took place. At the end of the 10 hour period of operation the heat was turned off and the vat oil was allowed to cool to room temperature until heated for beginning the period of operation the following day. During cooking, the frozen French fries absorbed an average weight of cooking oil of approximately 7% of the weight of uncooked frozen French fries. The average turnover ratio per 1.5×pound batch of frozen French fries cooked was 0.0035 ((1.5 pound batch×0.07)/30 pound oil in vat). As the level of oil dropped, make-up oil was periodically added to the vat to maintain the amount of oil in the vat at a volume of approximately 30 pounds. The fryer apparatus was used in a like manner for twelve consecutive days. Approximately 100 pounds of frozen French fries were cooked each day, for a total of approximately 1200 pounds of French fries. During this time of operation, the cooked French fries were periodically tasted and determined to have had an acceptable taste and quality level. The quality of the oil was also monitored. After 12 days of frying, or an operation period of approximately 120 hours, the quality of the cooking oil was still sufficiently good to permit continued cooking. During the 12 days, approximately 84 pounds of make-up cooking oil were added to the vat to maintain the level of cooking oil in the vat at approximately 30 pounds. During the twelve-day period, a turnover of approximately 280% of the nominal 30 pounds of the vat cooking oil was achieved, which equates to an average 23.33% daily turnover rate. Stated another way, one turnover was achieved on the order of approximately 43 hours of vat operation in which 429 batches weighing 1.5 pounds were cooked. The total oil used over the 12 day period was approximately 114 pounds which included the approximately 30 pound initial nominal amount of cooking oil and the approximately 84 pounds of make-up oil added. The average weight of cooking oil used to fry 100 pounds of French fries was calculated to be 9.50 pounds.
In comparing the results of Example I and Example II the average amount of cooking oil used to fry 100 pounds of frozen French fries in accordance with the invention was lowered from about 15.33 pounds to about 9.50 pounds. This provided a reduction of 5.80 pounds of oil per 100 pounds of frozen French fries cooked, for a very substantial at least 38% reduction in oil usage. In a quick-service restaurant, cooking 100 pounds of frozen French fries per day, over an annual period, the inventive method of Example II would use approximately 3,467 pounds of cooking oil. The conventional cooking method of Example I, on the other hand, would annually use approximately 5,595 pounds of oil to cook a like amount of French fries. This represents a projected annual reduction of cooking oil usage of at least about 2,128 pounds or at least about 38%.
In the Examples shown above, the period between required oil changes was extended from 6 days for a conventional cooking method to 12 days by cooking in accordance with the present invention. On an annual basis, this would reduce the number of necessary oil changes by 30, providing a further benefit of substantially reduced labor costs associated with conducting oil changes. In addition to reduced labor and oil costs, the present invention lessens impact on the environment. Not only is less oil used and less degraded oil discarded, but a corresponding reduction in oil container packaging is achieved. This results in less waste in the form of discarded jugs and cardboard packaging from the jug-in-box containers.
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It is believed that a major factor in increasing the length of service between required oil changes is due to the increased oil turnover rate provided by the optimized cooking oil method used in Example II, which daily was 23.33% vs. the daily turnover rate of 14% achieved by the conventional cooking method of Example I. It is noted again that the term 100% turnover as used herein, refers to accomplishing the addition of make-up oil, to compensate for oil uptake, in an amount that equals 100% the amount of the predetermined nominal amount of cooking oil initially placed in vat . When accomplishing a 100% oil turnover, the exact amount of the original nominal oil in vat at the beginning of the period that remains after the 100% turnover is somewhat variable as it depends on various factors including how the make-up oil is added and whether there is complete mixing. For example, if replacement oil was added in sixty additions of 0.5 pounds each, the amount of original oil remaining in the vat would be about (29.5/30)or about 36%. Nevertheless, an increased turnover rate results in cooking oil remaining in vat for a relatively shorter period of time prior to being absorbed as uptake oil and removed from vat than for a lower turnover rate.
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Thus, with the increased turnover rate achieved with the method of the present invention, cooking oil generally remains in vat for a shorter period of time. It is also true that a smaller percentage of cooking oil remains in vat for the extended periods of time that causes substantial degradation of such oil. Stated another way, the increased oil turnover rate of the present invention reduces the average age of the vat oil compared to that of conventional cooking. Thus, when compared to conventional cooking methods, the method of the present invention provides vat oil having a higher percentage of relatively recently added replacement oil and a smaller percentage of relatively aged oil, including a smaller percentage of substantially aged and degraded oil.
Because of this, the time of operation between necessary oil changes when practicing the invention can be extended, for as long as 12 days to 17 days between oil changes, depending on the type of food cooked, the throughput of cooked food product, and other cooking conditions. For example, a period of about 112 hours of operation, such as 8 hours of daily operation over about 14 days, to cook about 1750 pounds or greater of food product, can be achieved by the optimized oil usage method of the present invention before an oil change typically should be made. It is noted that the optimized oil usage method of the present invention is especially advantageous for high volume cooking operations, such as those having a throughput per vat of precooked food product of 50 pounds or greater. In high volume cooking, the time to achieve one turnover takes place relatively quickly, such as for example in the range of about 16-60 hours of operation. For example, when cooking with vat oil in the nominal amount of about 30 pounds and cooking 1.5 pound batches of frozen French fries providing an oil uptake of approximately 7% by weight of the frozen French fries, by cooking at average rates of approximately 17.9, 11.9, 8.2, or 4.8 batches per hour, one turnover can be achieved in 16 hours, 24 hours, 35 hours or 60 hours of operation, respectively.
It is noted that the oil filtering method, low average flow rate oil replacement method, and optimized oil usage method of the present invention can all be simultaneously utilized for cooking food product. However, advantages may also be attained by practicing one such method independently of one or both of the other methods of the present invention.
While the invention has been described with respect to certain preferred embodiments, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, it is to be understood that the invention is capable of numerous changes, modifications and rearrangements and such changes, modifications and rearrangements are intended to be covered by the following claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1
is a front perspective view of one embodiment of a fryer including a filtration device;
FIG. 2
is a schematic diagram of an automatic oil filtration system in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 3
is a flow chart for an intermittent automatic oil filtration method in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 4
is a flow chart for a filter on request filtration method in accordance with the invention; and
FIG. 5
is a front perspective view of a fry vat of the fryer. | |
Discover your true self: gain the prize of self-awareness
Imagine a small airplane, a Piper Navajo with 6 people on board, flying through the clouds when one by one the instruments start to fail.
Here I am with a compass and my vertical speed and altimeter. No radio, one engine out and my head is telling me to turn right and turn right hard. Every sensation in my mind tells me I’m at like a 45 degree left bank. But careful study of the compass (not moving left or right) and the altimeter and vertical speed confirm I cannot be in such a left turn.
The seasoned pilot Mark Holbrook was flying an old plane when Murphy's Law caught up with him: Whatever can go wrong, will go wrong. Even though Mark is not the best storyteller, he had an incredible story to share.
It is vital that a pilot knows his plane, especially when things go wrong. Mark shares these lessons:
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Believe the instruments.
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With few instruments slower is better.
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ALWAYS ALWAYS know where you are.
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A bunch of little things all added up to put me in a really bad situation. But training and backups got me through it.
When I started to write this post this morning, I knew nothing about Mark Holbrook or his harrying experience. But flying an airplane seemed to me like a good metaphor for self-awareness. Pilots who rely on their instincts more than their instruments have often got into trouble. Likewise, most people overestimate their level of self-awareness. We may not literally crash and burn, but we can certainly end up in bad shape. So let's get on with the subject. Here are the questions I will try to answer:
- What is self-awareness?
- Why is it important?
- What are the benefits?
- What is the relationship between self-awareness, mindfulness, and authenticity?
- What other concepts are related?
What is self-awareness?
As usual, I started out by free writing for 25 minutes to see just how much I could recall from memory about the subject. The following is my on-the-fly definition:
Self-awareness is knowing myself. It involves knowing my values, my attributes, my emotions, my goals and intentions, my aspirations, my habits, my tendencies, my ideals.
I felt sort of proud for thinking of so many related aspects. In fact, I cheated: the facets are based on a list of topics I created in my journal. I call it my identity map. It's part of my efforts to become more self-aware. But I'll get to that later.
After finishing my essay I opened my electronic brain and dug up more definitions. Let's see what I got right and what I missed.
I found the following references in my notes. Self-awareness is:
- The ability to look inside yourself, reflect on your behavior, and think about how it aligns with your moral standards and values.From MindTools.com (paywalled)
- The degree to which you are tuned into your own physical-emotional experience.Fishbane, M. D. (2016). The neurobiology of relationships. In T. L. Sexton & J. Lebow (Eds.), Handbook of family therapy (pp. 48–65). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group
- Being aware of your own thoughts, feelings, and actions.Russ Harris
- A way of introspection that does not shut out the world, but rather brings it in to be weighed against your own feelings and behavior.Gabriel Alcala - NBC News Nov. 6, 2019
- Focusing our attention on your inner world of thoughts and feelings.Daniel Goleman: The Case For Teaching Emotional Literacy In Schools (retrieved from the Internet Archive)
- The foundation on which all else is built.Helen Brown rewrote the Emotional Intelligence web article for Positive Psychology, originally written by Courtney Ackerman, released 09-12-2021. She quotes Andy Lothian from an article he wrote for CEO Today magazine.
I think the third one, Russ Harris' definition, complements mine fairly well. I missed two of the three points he touched on. Despite identifying emotions as closely connected to self-awareness, I failed to explicitly mention thoughts and actions. Additionally, I enjoy Gabriel Alcala's definition, in which he pointed out that self-awareness does not shut out the outside world, but rather invites it in for assessment. Like most things I write about on this blog, self-awareness is closely linked to understanding reality.
Why is self-awareness important?
My definition neglected to mention reality, though I did mention it in my essay. In addition, I correctly associated self-awareness with self-control and self-regulation.
"It is a well-documented (but rarely discussed) fact that, in any domain of competence, most people think they are better than they actually are," wrote Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic, in a Harvard Business Review article I've quoted from in another of my articles. Take, for instance, the fact that more than 75 percent of drivers in many countries consider themselves to be above average, a statistical impossibility.Here are some sources: Wikipedia, Business Insider/AAA. However, this could possibly be true, depending on how you define "average." See what Will Koehrsen and Adam Campbell have to say, if you're a devil's advocate type.
Among those who have devoted much time to studying self-awareness are Tasha Eurich and Robert Greene. Eurich estimates that 95% of people think they're self-aware, but only 10 to 15% actually are. In case you have any doubts, search Google for "what are many people not aware of?" The results are almost entirely about self-awareness. This is amazing, considering we live with ourselves every day.
In The Laws of Human Nature, Greene writes:
Generally what causes us to go astray in the first place, what leads to bad decisions and miscalculations, is our deep-rooted irrationality, the extent to which our minds are governed by emotion.
Greene identifies what he calls "low-grade irrationality," which reminds me of the temptation for pilots to distrust their instruments because of their body sensations, as Holbrook experienced above. Also, "high-grade irrationality" is a danger when we encounter anger, excitement, resentment, or suspicion, and it can escalate into a reactive state where we lose emotional control.
For Daniel Goleman, who introduced the term Emotional Intelligence, self-awareness must precede social awareness, self-management, and relationship management, which are all essential elements of EI.
Taking the claim that very few people are truly self-aware, along with the fact that it is so closely related to being able to use your strengths intentionally, manage or eliminate your weaknesses, and achieve social and professional success, it appears that self-awareness is a kind of superpower. It reminds me of the one-eyed man in last week's blog post.
What are the benefits?
- When your behavior and values are aligned, you feel positive and self-confident.
- Furthermore, self-awareness allows you to better understand your own attitudes, opinions, and knowledge.
- You will be able to understand and control your own emotions and actions, and you will be able to understand how these affect others' emotions and actions.
- Leaders who know their strengths have higher self-confidence, are more highly paid, and are happier at work.
- It helps you to be in control of your own life, experiences, and destiny.The preceding all came from the MindTools article cited above.
- As a result, you can cultivate deeper and more fulfilling relationships with those around you.The Laws of Human Nature
- You can avoid making decisions you will regret.The Laws of Human Nature
- You'll be able to better manage your emotions.MindTools
Research suggests that when we see ourselves clearly, we are more confident and more creative. We make sounder decisions, build stronger relationships, and communicate more effectively. We’re less likely to lie, cheat, and steal. We are better workers who get more promotions. And we’re more-effective leaders with more-satisfied employees and more-profitable companies. - Tasha Eurich
Self-aware people are self-assured people. They make better decisions, quicker. They understand their workstyle to become more productive. They conduct relationships in a way that’s mutually beneficial and respectful. Their communications are designed for those around them, helping key messages land better. They know how to influence peers and leaders, can develop higher-value customer relationships, and are a voice of positivity within teams. - Andy Lothian
What is the relationship between self-awareness, mindfulness, and authenticity?
As I wrote this question this morning, I vaguely remembered that there is a connection. This reveals how weak my memory is. I took another look at the Kernis-Goldman Authenticity Inventory (KGAI) and found that almost everything in it is related to self-awareness.For an overview of the Kernis-Goldman model of authenticity, go here. In fact, "awareness" is the first component. The KGAI measures subjective awareness of:
- Feelings
- Self-beliefs
- Core self
- Motivations
- Values
- Aspirations
- Self-assessment ability
- Acceptance of personal faults and limitations
- The ability to process unpleasant feelings
- Willingness to accept compliments and criticism
According to Eurich, self-awareness is divided into two types: internal and external. I believe all of the preceding would fall under internal self-awareness. Additionally, KGAI measures behaviors and relationships with close friends and family members. In Eurich's definition, external self-awareness is the ability to understand yourself from the outside in, i.e. understanding how others see you. I think KGAI would be a useful instrument for measuring external self-awareness, because it examines whether a person:
- Is honest about what they enjoy
- Is true to themselves regardless of potential rewards
- Acts in ways that are consistent with their own values
- Is willing to say no to things they don't want to do even if it disappoints others
- Pursues goals of their choosing or those that matter to others
- Has the courage to express their true beliefs in the face of negative consequences
- Wants close others to understand their strengths
- Expresses care for close others
- Attempts to objectively see others as they truly are rather than idealizing them
- Aims to understand others' needs and desires and to resolve conflict and disagreement constructively
- Demonstrates openness and honesty in close relationships
I found the answer to my question about the relationship between mindfulness and self-awareness in the blog post I wrote about mindfulness:
Awareness is the primary function of mindfulness.
What other concepts are related?
To save time, I'll just make a list.
Here are the ones I thought of in my essay:
- Thinking errors and biases
- Self-concept
- Emotional intelligence
- Self-control and self-regulation
- Getting what we want, or even knowing what we want
- Well-being
Others I found in my notes:
- Self-consciousness"Self-consciousness is a hypersensitized state of self-awareness; it's the excessive preoccupation with your own manners, behavior, or appearance, and is often seen as negative. Self-awareness is focused on the impact your behavior has on other people, and, as such, is much more positive." MindTools
- Self-accountability
- Willpower
- Social awareness"Being socially aware means that you understand how you react to different social situations, and effectively modify your interactions with other people so that you achieve the best results. Empathy is the most important and essential EQ component of social awareness and is directly related to self-awareness." Drigas, A., & Papoutsi, C. (2018). A New Layered Model on Emotional Intelligence. In Behavioral Sciences (Vol. 8, Issue 5, p. 45). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs8050045
- "Generational awareness""First we must understand the actual profound effect that our generation has on how we view the world, and second we must understand the larger generational patterns that shape history and recognize where our time period fits into the overall scheme." The Laws of Human Nature
- WisdomThe reflective component of wisdom, according to one model, covers global/general self-awareness (tolerance of ambiguity, not denying reality), internal self-awareness (introspection, insight into one's own motives and behavior, not feeling cheated and victimized by life), and external self-awareness (not transferring or projecting blame, not being not vulnerable to anything that can be construed as criticism or an interpersonal slight).
- HumorAcquired through self-awareness
As further proof of my imperfect memory, I came across the following I'd jotted down from a random epiphany I had just three days ago:
- Possible selvesWe make decisions based on our possible selves. These are the sum of our hopes, fears, and ideals. Certainly, there's a strong connection to self-awareness.
- Relationship bank accountsFeelings about another person are fairly easy to gauge. To know how they feel about us, we need strong external self-awareness.
Questions to answer
In addition to the question, what is the relationship between authenticity and self-awareness?, I also came up with the following questions during my brainstorm session:
- Exactly how can we tell whether or not we are self-aware?
- Is it possible to quantify all the ways we can be self-aware? Is there a self-awareness "map?"
- Is there a way to make predictions about myself and then test those predictions?
- Would knowing more about perception increase my self-awareness?
- What are some ways that knowing more about perspectives can improve my self-awareness?
- Are self-awareness and social awareness interconnected? How much of it relates to my own values and goals?
While I have found some answers to these questions, I have already written so much here today that I will leave the answers to these questions until another time. In the meantime, I will leave you on a cliffhanger. | http://brightoutlook.com/blog/discover-your-true-self-gain-the-prize-of-self-awareness |
> On Feb 18, 2020, at 12:10 PM, BALATON Zoltan <address@hidden> wrote: > > While other targets take advantage of using host FPU to do floating > point computations, this was disabled for PPC target because always > clearing exception flags before every FP op made it slightly slower > than emulating everyting with softfloat. To emulate some FPSCR bits, > clearing of fp_status may be necessary (unless these could be handled > e.g. using FP exceptions on host but there's no API for that in QEMU > yet) but preserving at least the inexact flag makes hardfloat usable > and faster than softfloat. Since most clients don't actually care > about this flag, we can gain some speed trading some emulation > accuracy. > > This patch implements a simple way to keep the inexact flag set for > hardfloat while still allowing to revert to softfloat for workloads > that need more accurate albeit slower emulation. (Set hardfloat > property of CPU, i.e. -cpu name,hardfloat=false for that.) There may > still be room for further improvement but this seems to increase > floating point performance. Unfortunately the softfloat case is slower > than before this patch so this patch only makes sense if the default > is also set to enable hardfloat. > > Because of the above this patch at the moment is mainly for testing > different workloads to evaluate how viable would this be in practice. > Thus, RFC and not ready for merge yet. > > Signed-off-by: BALATON Zoltan <address@hidden> > --- > v2: use different approach to avoid needing if () in > helper_reset_fpstatus() but this does not seem to change overhead > much, also make it a single patch as adding the hardfloat option is > only a few lines; with this we can use same value at other places where > float_status is reset and maybe enable hardfloat for a few more places > for a little more performance but not too much. With this I got: <snip> Thank you for working on this. It is about time we have a better FPU. I applied your patch over David Gibson's ppc-for-5.0 branch. It applied cleanly and compiled easily. Tests were done on a Mac OS 10.4.3 VM. The CPU was set to G3. I did several tests and here are my results: With hard float: - The USB audio device does not produce any sound. - Converting a MIDI file to AAC in iTunes happens at 0.4x (faster than soft float :) ). For my FPSCR test program, 21 tests failed. The high number is because the inexact exception is being set for situations it should not be set for. With soft float: - Some sound can be heard from the USB audio device. It isn't good sounding. I had to force quit Quicktime player because it stopped working. - Converting a MIDI file to AAC in iTunes happens at 0.3x (slower than hard float). - 13 tests failed with my FPSCR test program. This patch is a good start. I'm not worried about the Floating Point Status and Control Register flags being wrong since hardly any software bothers to check them. I think more optimizations can happen by simplifying the FPU. As it is now it makes a lot of calls per operation. | https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/qemu-ppc/2020-02/msg00267.html |
LOS ANGELES:- The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health (Public Health) has confirmed 23 new deaths and 991 new cases of confirmed COVID-19. Today’s lower numbers are likely to represent a weekend lag in reporting cases and deaths.
To date, Public Health has identified 260,797 positive cases of COVID-19 across all areas of L.A. County, and a total of 6,353 deaths. There are currently 765 people hospitalized, of which 30% are confirmed cases in the ICU. Upon further investigation, 11 cases reported earlier were not L.A. County residents.
Of the new cases reported today, 69% are of people under the age of 50 years old. Residents between the ages of 30 and 49 years old have the highest number of new cases among all age groups in LA County, 34% of new cases today.
As a reminder, being around people who aren’t part of your household puts you at a greater risk for COVID-19, which is why it is so important to stay at home as much as possible and avoid all gatherings, of any size, with people who are not part of your household.
Testing results are available for 2,542,479 individuals with 10% of all people testing positive.
“Through these difficult times, we mourn with all of you who have lost someone you love to COVID-19. We are deeply sorry for your loss, and wish you healing and peace,” said Barbara Ferrer, PhD, MPH, MEd, Director of Public Health. “As we prepare for the fall, we must acknowledge that COVID-19 remains a significant threat. The difference between now and the early months of the pandemic, is that we have a much better idea of how to effectively protect each other from becoming infected. Given the reality that as many as 50% of those infected are able to transmit the virus to others may have no symptoms, taking universal precautions in every interaction with others who are not in your household, is absolutely essential. We need to commit to the behaviors we know will reduce our infection rate and slow the spread of the virus: wearing face coverings, avoiding gatherings with people we don’t live with, washing our hands frequently, and keeping physical distance from others. These are effective tools, that when used consistently, save lives.”
Of the 22 new deaths reported today (excluding Long Beach and Pasadena), 10 people that passed away were over the age of 80, eight people who died were between the ages of 65 and 79 years old, three people that passed away were between the ages of 50 and 64 years old and one person who died was between the ages of 30 and 49 years old. Twenty-one people had underlying health conditions including nine people over the age of 80 years old, eight people between the ages of 65 and 79 years old, three people between the ages of 50 and 64 years old and one person between the ages of 30 and 49 years old.
Ninety-two percent of the people who died from COVID-19 had underlying health conditions. Of those who died, information about race and ethnicity is available for 5,976 people (99 percent of the cases reported by Public Health); 51% of deaths occurred among Latino/Latinx residents, 23% among White residents, 15% among Asian residents, 10% among African American/Black residents, less than 1% among Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander residents and 1% among residents identifying with other races.
Public Health has a dedicated call line for confirmed cases of COVID-19. If you are positive for COVID-19 and have not yet connected with a public health specialist or need more information on services, call toll-free at 1-833-540-0473. Residents who do not have COVID-19 should continue to call 211 for resources or more information.
Comment here ! | https://nepal24hours.com/public-health-reports-23-new-deaths-and-991-new-positive-cases-of-confirmed-covid-19-in-los-angeles-county/ |
A Jefferson County grand jury has returned a 13-count indictment accusing a man and a woman of stealing tires and wheels from new cars at auto dealerships and selling them for personal gain. Brian Allen Kassal, DOB: 4-29-85, and Sarah Jessica Maksimovic, DOB: 8-19-91, have each been indicted according to their alleged participation in the thefts.
Kassal has been indicted on 13 counts.
Maksimovic has been indicted on one count of Theft and one count of Conspiracy to Commit Theft for her role in the theft of one set of wheels/tires and the subsequent attempted sale of the property to an undercover law enforcement officer.
According to the indictment, between November, 2017 and September, 2018 Kassal went onto the private property of nine different car dealerships across the metro Denver area and stole wheels and tires off of new cars, often leaving the cars on cinder blocks. In most cases he would list the tires and wheels on Craigslist to sell.
The indictment was filed on October 31, 2018.
The investigation was conducted by the Golden Police Department, Colorado State Patrol, and the First Judicial District Attorney’s Office. Warrants have been issued for the arrest of Kassal and Maksimovic with bond in the amounts of $65,000 and $2,000, respectively. | https://www.jeffco.us/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=648 |
Toys R Us debating whether or not it will close all of its US store locations
Thursday, March 8th, 2018 9:34pm CST
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This comes to us from the
Just to be very clear, this does not mean that all stores are closing Monday, it just means that the decision to close all stores in the US could be made official Monday. Liquidation would happen soon after. Also, this is just for US operations.
Here are the key parts from the Wall Street Journal Article:
- Troubled toy chain Toys R Us Inc. is preparing to liquidate all of its U.S. stores and abandon efforts to restructure through the bankruptcy process, people familiar with the matter said, after a weak holiday season torpedoed plans to reorganize.
- An announcement could come as soon as Monday when the parties are expected to appear at a bankruptcy hearing in Richmond, VA., the people said. How much Toys R Us decides to liquidate will depend on the size of the liquidator bids it receives, the people said.
- The plan to shut down the stores and liquidate the U.S. operations is one of several scenarios in play, one of the people said, and while some lenders are pushing that route, others want to find other options for Toys R Us to continue operations. You read that right. This Monday, Toys R Us is expected to appear at a bankruptcy hearing and shutting down all its stores and liquidating its entire US operations is one of the options they are considering. There are other options, of course, but this is the option certain lenders are pushing for, after a weak holiday performance. They had already planned to close 20% of their US stores (184 to be precise).This comes to us from the Wall Street Journal which refers to unspecified people in the know.Just to be very clear, this does not mean that all stores are closing Monday, it just means that the decision to close all stores in the US could be made official Monday. Liquidation would happen soon after. Also, this is just for US operations.Here are the key parts from the Wall Street Journal Article: Credit(s): Wall Street Journal
This article was last modified on Friday, March 9th, 2018 12:04am CST
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Re: Toys R Us debating whether or not it will close all of its US store locations (1944856)
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shajaki wrote: Will, is the article accurate that TRU Canada entered bankruptcy last September? I don't recall hearing that!
Yes, it did. But it did so seperately. It was indeed protection from the US going bankrupt since TRU Canada has been lending its surplus money to the US branches.
The US was sinking Canada down with them (which they can, they own it) so when they declared bankruptcy, Canada had to decalre bankruptcy too.
However, I do not think that the US liquidating means canada will have to be liquidated as well. Regardless, TRU Canada is ridiculously profitable due to the meager competition so what i beleive is someone would simply buy the Canadian operations if things got really dire. Yes, it did. But it did so seperately. It was indeed protection from the US going bankrupt since TRU Canada has been lending its surplus money to the US branches.The US was sinking Canada down with them (which they can, they own it) so when they declared bankruptcy, Canada had to decalre bankruptcy too.However, I do not think that the US liquidating means canada will have to be liquidated as well. Regardless, TRU Canada is ridiculously profitable due to the meager competition so what i beleive is someone would simply buy the Canadian operations if things got really dire. Posted by william-james88 on March 8th, 2018 @ 9:46pm CST
Re: Toys R Us debating whether or not it will close all of its US store locations (1944857)
Posted by
Holy S*** this is troubling as all hell. Granted the decision isn't final yet, but it's still really concerning for TRU. One concern of mine is that TRU might be the only option for TF collecting for certain people. I also can't help but wonder what's going to happen to certain exclusives i.e. Studio Series Thundercracker. Are we going to get an alternative outlet for purchasing it, or are we just not going to see it as a result of this? Posted by BombshellDaBug on March 8th, 2018 @ 9:50pm CST
Re: Toys R Us debating whether or not it will close all of its US store locations (1944858)
Posted by
BombshellDaBug wrote: Holy S*** this is troubling as all hell. Granted the decision isn't final yet, but it's still really concerning for TRU. One concern of mine is that TRU might be the only option for TF collecting for certain people. I also can't help but wonder what's going to happen to certain exclusives i.e. Studio Series Thundercracker. Are we going to get an alternative outlet for purchasing it, or are we just not going to see it as a result of this?
Thundercacker is already out at TRU, and was the last TRU exclusive. Thundercacker is already out at TRU, and was the last TRU exclusive. Posted by william-james88 on March 8th, 2018 @ 9:52pm CST
Re: Toys R Us debating whether or not it will close all of its US store locations (1944865)
Posted by
how does liquidating stores and inventory help lenders? Aren't the locations leased? Are the stores locations owned? Selling real estate would bring in money. Thanks for any answers. Posted by TK415 on March 8th, 2018 @ 10:26pm CST
Re: Toys R Us debating whether or not it will close all of its US store locations (1944868)
Posted by
If anyone has any news or theories on what might happen to the Canadian stores please let me know, I really hope they don't close down because it's my main supplier for transformers Posted by Logsters65 on March 8th, 2018 @ 10:28pm CST
Re: Toys R Us debating whether or not it will close all of its US store locations (1944873)
Posted by
SHIT Posted by Wireless_Phantom on March 8th, 2018 @ 10:44pm CST
Re: Toys R Us debating whether or not it will close all of its US store locations (1944878)
Posted by
TK415 wrote: how does liquidating stores and inventory help lenders?
IIRC its a way to sell off unused products to get 'liquid funds'. Think of stores like ROSS, TJMaxx and Nordstrom Rack that sell surplus goods. My theory is some of the overstock from TRU may wind up those places. I could be wrong. IIRC its a way to sell off unused products to get 'liquid funds'. Think of stores like ROSS, TJMaxx and Nordstrom Rack that sell surplus goods. My theory is some of the overstock from TRU may wind up those places. I could be wrong. Posted by WreckerJack on March 8th, 2018 @ 11:30pm CST
Re: Toys R Us debating whether or not it will close all of its US store locations (1944882)
Posted by
Well that's just Prime Posted by Me Grimlock King on March 9th, 2018 @ 12:04am CST
Re: Toys R Us debating whether or not it will close all of its US store locations (1944890)
Posted by
WreckerJack wrote: TK415 wrote: how does liquidating stores and inventory help lenders?
IIRC its a way to sell off unused products to get 'liquid funds'. Think of stores like ROSS, TJMaxx and Nordstrom Rack that sell surplus goods. My theory is some of the overstock from TRU may wind up those places. I could be wrong. IIRC its a way to sell off unused products to get 'liquid funds'. Think of stores like ROSS, TJMaxx and Nordstrom Rack that sell surplus goods. My theory is some of the overstock from TRU may wind up those places. I could be wrong.
Basically anyone who wants to buy those goods is fair game. A step in the bankruptcy trajectory is to asses value of possessions, with movable stock as a primary focus. Once that is sold off either via sales in store or overstock to other companies, the real estate is next, which may take a while longer. It all depends on who shows interest in picking up a particular lot, it's a case by case basis, like one company buys up the lots in a particular city, another buys all the lots on East coast, and so on. I'm seeing it happen a lot back home in the Netherlands, with department stores and supermarkets biting the dust left and right.
Thankfully, the move to close up shop was an anticipated possibility so there are no exclusives in the pipeline: the future Movie MP figures and other normally TRU exclusives have been relegated to other stores. Anybody remember KB Toys with their exclusives close to bankruptcy in 2005? Nightmarish. Basically anyone who wants to buy those goods is fair game. A step in the bankruptcy trajectory is to asses value of possessions, with movable stock as a primary focus. Once that is sold off either via sales in store or overstock to other companies, the real estate is next, which may take a while longer. It all depends on who shows interest in picking up a particular lot, it's a case by case basis, like one company buys up the lots in a particular city, another buys all the lots on East coast, and so on. I'm seeing it happen a lot back home in the Netherlands, with department stores and supermarkets biting the dust left and right.Thankfully, the move to close up shop was an anticipated possibility so there are no exclusives in the pipeline: the future Movie MP figures and other normally TRU exclusives have been relegated to other stores. Anybody remember KB Toys with their exclusives close to bankruptcy in 2005? Nightmarish. Posted by Jelze Bunnycat on March 9th, 2018 @ 1:06am CST
Re: Toys R Us debating whether or not it will close all of its US store locations (1944912)
Posted by
Kind of stupid of Hasbro to give a store in financial trouble and now could be closing a lot of exclusives. Maybe this might be a lesson and finally stop store exclusives Posted by leokearon on March 9th, 2018 @ 4:36am CST
Re: Toys R Us debating whether or not it will close all of its US store locations (1944916)
Posted by
Funny how an American company decides to say f**k America after they established their brand in foreign countries. As much as I will miss the exclusives, I say f**k em and their overpricing. Why dont they just dump babies-r-us instead? Good luck in Australia with your $250 Trypticons and $50 voyagers. Posted by Rated X on March 9th, 2018 @ 5:01am CST
Re: Toys R Us debating whether or not it will close all of its US store locations (1944919)
Posted by
Logsters65 wrote: If anyone has any news or theories on what might happen to the Canadian stores please let me know, I really hope they don't close down because it's my main supplier for transformers
Its main supplier for any toy there selection is bigger than walmart they even sell some Japanese stuff dbz naruto and other anime stuff Its main supplier for any toy there selection is bigger than walmart they even sell some Japanese stuff dbz naruto and other anime stuff Posted by dragons on March 9th, 2018 @ 6:02am CST
Re: Toys R Us debating whether or not it will close all of its US store locations (1944925)
Posted by
I don't have much in the way of childhood nostalgia going there and as an adult I've only known them as a huge headache so I really can't say I'm going to miss them. I'd go as far as to say I'm glad they're going away, now I don't have to drive 75 miles in hopes of finding an exclusive.
Emerje The most frustrating and expensive place to buy toys is closing.I don't have much in the way of childhood nostalgia going there and as an adult I've only known them as a huge headache so I really can't say I'm going to miss them. I'd go as far as to say I'm glad they're going away, now I don't have to drive 75 miles in hopes of finding an exclusive.Emerje Posted by Emerje on March 9th, 2018 @ 6:13am CST
Re: Toys R Us debating whether or not it will close all of its US store locations (1944929)
Posted by
It's so fun to see kids eyes afire with awe, want, desire of the toys as you walk around, even if all your doing is picking up someone else's birthday gift. I'm laughing to myself remembering my wife admonishing me as well as the kids "We are only here to get a birthday gift, don't go giving me puppy eyes and asking me for anything, that goes double for you Mr. Walsh" So yeah, if it goes, I'll miss it for a couple of reasons, but nothing that won't live in my memories, until senility sets in at least. If/when they go from the U.S. I won't miss the prices, but I will miss the experience. There is something so fun about walking into that place as a collector and seeing all that their can be to collect strewn about you. When you go in with your kids, there is a very Lion King type moment in my head when that door opens and my kids walk in with me (at least when my son was younger, now he's too cool for toys at 17, but at 9 my daughter still fits the bill) and you just want to say "All that the light hits could be yours".It's so fun to see kids eyes afire with awe, want, desire of the toys as you walk around, even if all your doing is picking up someone else's birthday gift. I'm laughing to myself remembering my wife admonishing me as well as the kids "We are only here to get a birthday gift, don't go giving me puppy eyes and asking me for anything, that goes double for you Mr. Walsh" So yeah, if it goes, I'll miss it for a couple of reasons, but nothing that won't live in my memories, until senility sets in at least. Posted by Acesmcgee on March 9th, 2018 @ 6:33am CST
Re: Toys R Us debating whether or not it will close all of its US store locations (1944930)
Posted by
it wont be a surprise when it happens. Posted by griftimus prime on March 9th, 2018 @ 6:52am CST
Re: Toys R Us debating whether or not it will close all of its US store locations (1944936)
Posted by
I'm more sad about the experience as well. The one in Clearwater and Citrus Park aren't very good at stocking up Transformers. What I will miss the most that is more recent; taking me three year old son to the section they started up during the holiday season where kids can play with various toys. His excitement about it and playing with him there outside of the house was fun. Guess it's more trips to Barnes and Noble (he LOVES the Thomas the Train set up)....unlike Toys R Us lately, they actually HAVE trains to play on the tracks. As for Transformers, I've been finding more at Think Geek and even Patrick AFB at the Exchange they have Trypticon for 112.00 bucks. Haven't really been collecting anyway ever since I sold my entire collection to Big Red Head Comics. Posted by That_Guy on March 9th, 2018 @ 7:14am CST
Re: Toys R Us debating whether or not it will close all of its US store locations (1944939)
Posted by
I have shopped at TRU for years, I remember the days when they had more chains like Lionel Playworld and children's Palace (non mall stores) and prices were a lot better. I do have fond memories of buying some TF's from TRU like the original Fort Max and Scorponok. Unfortunately recently If I have purchased more than 3 items from TRU a year unlike when I used to get at least 50 - 75% of my toys from them as they are too damn expensive now, and I can get the toys other places. If I visit the only local store once a month I am lucky as lately I have gone 2 - 3 months without stepping foot in one of their stores. Posted by Cyber Bishop on March 9th, 2018 @ 7:28am CST
Re: Toys R Us debating whether or not it will close all of its US store locations (1944947)
Posted by
Judging by their previous decision making choices, poorly handled/run liquidation is probably what they'll go with. If only they could dump the upper/middle management dead-weight and only keep the people who are willing to do what's necessary to keep the company going.
I may have to shift to buying mostly online since I can count the number of different Transformers my local Wal-marts usually have in stock on one hand, and my local Targets are usually very slow to stock/restock, when the Transformers section isn't overtaken by 'IP of the month' toy overflows. Posted by Kyleor on March 9th, 2018 @ 8:17am CST
Re: Toys R Us debating whether or not it will close all of its US store locations (1944950)
Posted by
Just banked out my last two years' worth of Rewards R Us dollars. Not gonna chance it that they don't get honored during a liquidation. Posted by ScottyP on March 9th, 2018 @ 8:20am CST
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Introduction: The Superior Shoulder Suspensory Complex (SSSC) is a ring-shaped structure that plays important role in stability, biomechanics and overall function of the shoulder (3). Triple disruptions (TD) of SSSC during a single trauma are extremely rare events. This paper presents a rare case of TD and a comprehensive review of the literature.
Case report: A 30-year-old man presented a combination of fracture of the base of coracoid process, AC joint dislocation and fracture of the spine of scapula with reduction of subacromial space. He was treated surgically by a dual approach, reducing and fixing all three lesions with an excellent outcome at 3 months after surgery.
Discussion: After literature search we found only 41 multiple SSSC injuries. The most prevalent structure injured was the coracoid (70.73%). When considering possible bias for diagnosing TD, like fractures of mid-shaft clavicle, the number of “true” TD decreased to 23. This significant number of misdiagnosis calls attention to confusion between the concepts of floating shoulder and SSSC, which reflects in low reliability of diagnosing (41.46%).
Conclusion: Although triple disruptions of the SSSC are very rare, they may be becoming more frequent due to an increasing high-energy accidents caused by motor vehicles. As proposed by Goss, the treatment of these lesions must fix no less than the total number of SSSC structures injured minus one.
Key words: Superior Shoulder Suspensory Complex, Double disruptions, Acromion, Coracoid, Acromioclavicular, Floating Shoulder.
The Superior Shoulder Suspensory Complex (SSSC) is a ring-shaped structure that plays important role in stability, biomechanics and overall function of the shoulder (3). It comprises the distal end of clavicle, acromioclavicular (AC) joint, acromion, glenoid and coracoid processes, and coracoclavicular ligaments. Disruptions of the SSSC in a single spot due to an AC joint dislocation are very common injuries often treated conservatively as stability of SSSC structure remains intact. Double disruptions, like AC joint dislocation together with coracoclavicular ligaments tear, destabilize SSSC ring and are susceptible to delayed union, malunion and nonunion, as well as adverse long-term functional limitations to the shoulder (5). Therefore, double brakes usually require operative treatment to regain stability of the system (3,5). Triple Disruptions (TD) of SSSC during a single trauma are extremely rare events. In fact, only 41 cases have been reported so far (8,9,10,13,15,16,17,20,21,24,25). Although some authors published injuries claiming to be TD, many of them are not true TD, but in fact double disruptions (DD) (13,17,20,21). This paper presents a case of a patient presenting combined fractures of coracoid and scapular spine together with an acromioclavicular separation after a severe motorcycle accident. This injury pattern was only reported once before (20). It is also the first report of a triple disruption of the SSSC in South America.
A 30-year-old man without previous shoulder injury experienced direct trauma to his shoulder during a motorcycle crash. He was taken to the emergency care center with a chief complaint of intense pain to his left shoulder. Although he had suffered a head trauma and did not remember details about the accident, initial evaluation and CT scans excluded major head, spine or vital organs injuries. Physical exam revealed tenderness, swelling and a bruise at the top of his left shoulder, pain to palpation of AC joint and crepitation over the anterior aspect of shoulder. Although no definite neurovascular abnormalities on the left upper extremity were found, there were important range of movement limitations due to pain, as follow: active shoulder forward flexion/abdution of 90º/80º, reaching 110º/90º passively; 30º external rotation; and internal rotation up to the sacrum.
Initial left shoulder radiographs showed a fracture of the base of coracoid process (Ogawa classification type I) (19), a 15mm AC joint dislocation and a fracture of the spine of scapula with reduction of subacromial space (Kuhn classification type III (11)) [Figure 1]. A left shoulder computed tomography scan with three-dimentional bone reconstruction was done to better understand fracture pattern and to plan surgical treatment. It showed a 27º inferior tilt of distal scapular spine and acromion significantly reducing the subacromial space, and a 38º rotational displacement of the coracoid fragment. Scapular spine fracture line clearly did not reach the spinoglenoid notch, classified as type I of Ogawa&Naniwa classification (18), which means less risk of suprascapular nerve being damaged. [Figure 1]. Surgery for SSSC complex repair was undertaken on the 7th day post-injury. Under general anesthesia, with patient in beach-chair position, a longitudinal approach over the spine of scapula extending to lateral acromion was adopted. Suprascapular nerve was identified and the scapular spine was fixed using a reconstructive 3.5mm plate and six cortical screws. Intra-operative fluoroscopy just after this first stage continued to show displacement of AC joint and coracoid fracture. So a second ‘saber-cut’ approach had to be done in the anterior aspect of the left shoulder in order to access both coracoid and AC joint. Lacerated meniscus was removed allowing AC joint reduction and provisional fixation using a 2.5mm Steinmann pin oriented from distal clavicle to the spine of scapula just medial to fracture site. Both coracoclavicular ligaments were intact when inspected. Finally, the coracoid fracture was reduced and fixed using a 3.5mm cannulated screw under fluoroscopy. After meniculous reattachment of deltoid, the wound was closed in layers. A CT scan was repeated on the first day post-operatively to evaluate correct position of the coracoid screw [Figure 2]. Postoperatively, the patient received a continuous sling. Active hand, wrist and elbow motion were encouraged since immediately after surgery but shoulder was restrained until 6 weeks after surgery, when the Steinmann pin was removed and shoulder rehabilitation started. Both factures healed and a full painless range of shoulder motion was obtained in a 3-month period. The patient was followed for 2 years and had excellent functional outcome at the last follow-up, returning to sports activities unhindered [Figure 2].
Fractures of the scapula result of high-energy traumatic events, like motor vehicles accidents and falls from heights (1). They affect mainly 30 to 45 year-old male adults (1). These relatively rare injuries account for 3-5% of all fractures involving the shoulder girdle and 1% of all fractures. Direct trauma to the lateral aspect of shoulder is the most common mechanism of injury causing scapular fractures (1). Coracoid fractures account for 2-5% of all scapular fractures. Ogawa et al. (20) reported 35 coracoid fractures and found among them 67% of double disruptions (DD) of the SSSC and 28% of triple disruptions (TD) in a 34 year-time period (1974-2008). It shows how rare TD lesions are. Our study analysed 41 TD and coracoid was found to be the most SSSC structure fractured in these injuries (70.73%) [Table]. Acromion fractures account for near 8% of all scapular fractures. In our review we found acromion fractures in 56.10% of TD. It was the second most prevalent SSSC structure injuried among TDs, tied with AC dislocations [Table]. As up to 90% of all scapula fractures are non-displaced or minimally displaced and so they can be treated conservatively using slings or braces (1,4,5,23), it took long time until surgical treatment of scapula fractures has come to spotlight, which only occurred in the nineties. There has been a growing body of scientific literature around double disruptions of the SSSC and floating shoulder injuries lately, which indicates that these injuries may not be as rare as originally proposed (17). The Superior Shoulder Suspensory Complex (SSSC) was described by Goss in 1993 as an osteoligamentous ring located around distal clavicle and scapular junction, which have ultimate importance in shoulder biomechanics (3). It comprises the distal end of clavicle, acromioclavicular (AC) joint, acromion, superior glenoid and coracoid processes, and coracoclavicular ligaments (3). Isolated disruptions to the SSSC with minimal or moderate displacement, like AC dislocations grades I and II of Rockwood classification (23), do not affect stability of the SSSC ring allowing them to be successfully treated conservatively. On the other hand, double disruptions of the SSSC injuries make the SSSC ring unstable affecting shoulder biomechanics. They involve several combinations of injuries to SSSC structures deeply related to each other, whose treatment is still challenging. In the past, assessment of double disruptions of the SSSC was made in an isolated manner, which frequently took to inadequate treatment since biomechanical correlation between SSSC structures was unknown. Then, Goss made these injuries easier to comprehend as he compared SSSC to a ring(3,4,5), where every structure of the ring correlates to each other to grant stability to the system. So, surgical treatment must restore at least one of the SSSC lesions in order to restore ring stability and, by doing that, it indirectly reduces and stabilizes the second break (3). Without proper surgical repair these injuries commonly evolve to delayed-union, nonunion or mal-union, leading to a long-term dysfunctional shoulder (3). However, there is still missing trials that approach long-term shoulder dysfunction after conservative and surgical treatment for double disruptions of the SSSC. Ganz and Noesberger (6) described in 1975 a combined ipsilateral fracture of mid shaft clavicle and scapula neck, known as “Floating Shoulder”. Although described much earlier than the SSSC, this concept poses confusion to the diagnosis of SSSC lesions. When one tries to mix Floating Shoulder to the SSSC concept, it is common to see misdiagnosis. Mistakes usually happen when one consider mid-shaft clavicles as a part of the SSSC.
It is not rare to see misdiagnosed DD by including scapula body and glenoid intrarticular fractures as well. Most articular glenoid fractures do not disrupt the SSSC. In fact, the only ones that do affect the SSSC are Goss-Ideberg types III and variants(4). Triple disruptions (TD) of the SSSC are indeed very rare injuries. Generally they are much more unstable than a double disruption. So they require surgical stabilization of at least two structures in order to restore stability of the ring. Although there is none evidence-based guidelines for much complex injuries, most surgeons follow the same principles proposed by Goss for treatment of DD of the SSSC. Almost all published studies addressing TD injuries are case reports of surgical treatment and they have demonstrated good outcomes so far. Only one case report treated conservatively a 74-year-old men who, despite oriented about the severity of his lesions (AC dislocation, acromion, coracoid and posterior glenoid border fractures), decided not to operate and presented reasonable functional outcomes after one year(25). Although our case report did not presented any associated lesion, several reports mention associated injuries to SSSC disruptions, like rib fractures, proximal humerus fractures, spinal trauma, braquial plexus and peripheral nerves injuries, and hemothorax. As some of these are life-threatening injuries, they might contribute to the low prevalence of TD of the SSSC. After a comprehensive literature search we found eleven studies about multiple (more than two) SSSC injuries(8,9,10,13,15,16,17,20,21,24,25). Most papers describe the author’s experience of treating SSSC lesions through various techniques (8,10,15,16,24). From the 11 studies analysed in this study, 8 of them (72.72%) are case reports (8,9,10,13,15,16,24,25) and all but one describe surgical treatment (25). The largest series found include 15 patients with greater than two disruptions of the SSSC (12 triple and 3 quadruple ruptures). It is the only level IV therapeutic study available until now(17). All injuries presented on that paper affected mostly men with a mean age of 35 years. They resulted from motorcycle and snowmobile accidents, motor vehicle collisions and falls from heights. Considering the high-energy of trauma involved on TD of the SSSC, some authors believe these injuries could not be caused by a single impact to the shoulder, but rather they must result from multiple impacts during one severe high-energy trauma event. It also explains the significant number of concomitant associated injuries found on that study (87%), which delayed surgical treatment of the SSSC in mean 23 days. Such complex traumas demanded operative treatment for all 15 patients and 67% of them required more than 1 surgical approach to adequately restore alignment and stability of the SSSC. Post-operative functional scores (DASH and SF-26) and shoulder range of motion were good at mean follow-up of 30.7 months, with very low rate of complications, except for a mean overall decrease of 64.33% in shoulder strength for forward flexion, abduction and external rotation compared to the non-injured side. After plotting information from all 11 studies analysed, a total of 41 multiple disruptions of the SSSC were found. 35 (85.36%) were initially considered triple disruptions (TD) and 6 (14.64%) quadruple disruptions (QD). The most prevalent SSSC structure injured on these complexes traumas was the coracoid process (70.73%), followed by acromion (56.10%), clavicle (56.10%) and AC joint (56.10%). TD involving fractures of scapula spine, like the one presented on this case report, were the most rare, with only 2 cases reported (4.88%). Before this, only one similar case report had been published. When taking into consideration possible bias for diagnosing TD and QD of the SSSC, like fractures of mid-shaft clavicle, scapula body and glenoid cavity fractures, the number of “true” TD and QD decreased to 23 and 1 respectively. The main cause of misdiagnosis occurs when mid-shaft clavicle fractures are considered as an SSSC rupture (62.50%). In fact, according to Goss, mid-shaft clavicle fractures are not considered disruptions of the SSSC, neither scapula body (23.53%) nor glenoid edge fractures (13.97%). The significant number of misdiagnosed TD (52.17%) and QD (83.33%) calls attention to the very confusing interaction between the concepts of floating shoulder and the SSSC, which reflects in low reliability of diagnosing multiple simultaneous SSSC structures disruptions (41.46%). Le Coq et al (13) published in 2001 the first case report of a triple disruption of the SSSC. It was a combination of fractures of acromion and coracoid processes and a non-displaced mid-shaft clavicle fracture, which by definition is not a SSSC structure. So, in fact, it was a double disruption (DD) instead of a “true” triple disruption as proposed. The fact that he only had to fix the coracoid to obtain stability of the shoulder joint confirms the SSSC ring was only disrupted in two sites. Other authors also committed similar errors(9,20,21). Recently, Kim et al (9) reported a combination of AC dislocation, coracoid and mid-shaf clavicle fractures as a triple disruption, but that was in fact a DD. Toft et al (25) published the first QD of the SSSC treated non-operatively, but among the ruptures described there was an articular glenoid edge fracture that, despite needed fixation, is not a true SSSC disruption. From the 6 cases of QD ever published(17,21,25), only one is a “true” QD (17) and it is still one of a kind. It calls attention to the extreme rarity of QD lesions. Perhaps the reason for that is the supreme energy necessary to disrupt the SSSC ring in four concomitant sites.
Due to the rarity of triple disruptions, like in the others case reports, this case exhibits a possible surgical treatment based on techniques previously described for double ruptures of the SSSC. None technique presented can be considered as ‘gold standard’, neither superior to any other treatment option. Despite this case showed excellent outcomes in a 2-year follow-up after surgery, there is no long-term guarantee that this patient will preserve a functional and pain-free shoulder. At last, the low reliability in making a correct diagnosis of multiple concomitant SSSC disruptions presented in this comprehensive revision of the literature overclouds even more the understanding of such complex injuries and slow the settlement of treatment guides.
Although triple disruptions of the SSSC are very rare, they may be becoming more frequent due to an increasing high-energy accidents caused by motor vehicles. CT scans are important tools to better understand injuries patterns and to plan surgical treatment. Goss’ SSSC principles should be followed straightly in order to avoid misdiagnosis of triple and quadruple disruptions of the SSSC. Treatment of these lesions must also follow Goss’ principles, taking into consideration the scarce treatment trials available. The number of structures to be fixed may vary in each case, but it must not be less than the total number of SSSC structures injured minus one.
1. Ada JR, Miller ME. Scapular fractures. Analysis of 113 cases. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1991; 269:174–80.
2. Egol KA, Connor PM, Karunakar MA, et al. The floating shoulder: clinical and functional results. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001; 8:1188-1194.
3. Goss TP. Double disruptions of the superior shoulder complex. J Orthop Trauma. 1993; 7:99-106.
4. Goss TP, Owens BD. Fractures of the Scapula. In: Rockwood CA Jr, Matsen FA, editors. The Shoulder. 4th ed. Vol. 1. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier. 2009; pp333–80.
5. Goss TP. Scapular fractures and dislocations: Diagnosis and treatment. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1995; 3:22–33.
7. Hak DJ, Johnson EE: Avulsion fracture of the coracoid associated with acromio-clavicular dislocation. J Orthop Trauma. 1993; 7:381-383.
8. Jung CY, Eun IS, Kim JW, Ko YC, Kim YJ, Kim CK. Treatment of triple fracture of the superior shoulder suspensory complex. J Korean Orthop Assoc. 2011; 46:68–72.
9. Kim BK, Dan J. A triple disruption of the superior shoulder suspensory complex mstaken for a Double disruption: a case report. Arthrosc Orthop Sports Med. 2016; 3:45-48.
10. Kim SH, Chung SW, Kim SH, Shin SH, Lee YH. Triple disruption of the superior shoulder suspensory complex. Int J Shoulder Surg. 2012; 6:67-70.
11. Kuhn JE, Blasier RB, Carpenter JE: Fractures of the acromion process: A proposed classification system. J Orthop Trauma. 1994; 8:6-13.
12. Kurdy NM, Shah SV: Fracture of the acromion associated with acromioclavicular dislocation. Injury . 1995; 26:636-637.
13. Lecoq C, Marck G, Curvale G, Groulier P. Triple fracture of the superior shoulder suspensory complex. Acta Orthop Belg. 2001; 67:68–72.
14. Lim KE, Wang CR, Chin KC, Chen CJ, Tsai CC, Bullard MJ. Concomitant fracture of the coracoid and acromion after direct shoulder trauma. J Orthop Trauma. 1996; 10:437–439.
15. Liu AJ, Chen PJ, Shen PW. Triple injury to the superior shoulder suspensory complex. Form J Musc Dis. 2013; 4:81-83.
16. Mariño IT, Martin Rodríguez I, Mora Villadeamigo J. Triple fracture of the shoulder suspensory complex. Rev Esp Cir Orthop Traumatol. 2013:57:371-4.
17.Mulawka B, Jacobson AR, Schoroder LK, Cole PA. Triple and quadruple disruption of the superior shoulder suspensory complex. J Orthop Trauma. 2015; 29:264-70.
18. Ogawa K, Naniwa T: Fractures of the acromion and the lateral scapular spine. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1997; 6:544-548.
19. Ogawa K, Yoshida A, Takahashi M, Ui M. Fractures of the coracoid process. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1997; 79:17–9.
20. Ogawa K, Matsumura N, Ikegami H. Coracoid fractures: therapeutic strategy and surgical outcomes. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012; 72:E20-E26.
21. Oshima M, Nakagawa Y, Mondori T. Complex injury patterns of the shoulder girdle three or four site injury. Shoulder Joint. 2003; 27:555-559.
22. Oh W, Jeon IH, Kyung S, Park C, Kim T, Ihn C. The treatment of double disruption of the superior shoulder suspensory complex. Int Orthop. 2002;26:145–9.
23. Rockwood CA: Injuries to the acromio-clavicular joint, pp. 680-910. Rockwood & Green 1stEd: In Fractures in Adults. JB Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1984.
24. Sung CM, Park HB. Triple disruption of the superior shoulder suspensory complex: case report at 5-year-follow up. Clin Should Elbow. 2012; 15:143-147.
25. Toft F, Moro F. Quadruple disruption of the superior shoulder suspensory complex and outcome after one yearof conservative treatment: a case report. J Clin Exp Orthop. 2016; 2:20.
26. van Noot A, te Slaa RL, Marti RK et al. The floating shoulder. A multicentre study. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2001; 83:795-798.
How to Cite this article: Gonçalves MHL, JC Garcia Jr., A Comprehensive Review of Triple Disruptions of the Superior Shoulder Suspensory Complex and Case Report. Acta of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Oct – Dec 2016;1(1):56-61. | http://asesjournal.com/tag/superior-shoulder-suspensory-complex/ |
Water as a resource is critical to our very survival. It is a remarkable substance that is essential for life. Its most important use is as drinking water. Besides this, it is also used for many other purposes – cleaning, washing and bathing and in factories. All these uses can make water dirty. Dirty water is not fit for drinking. We can fall ill if we drink dirty water. So, water needs to be purified before it is used.
The importance of water- the most precious of natural resource and especially in the context of its relevance to human beings and modern countries – cannot be overstated. It is the utilization of water that necessitates the movement of water from the source to areas where human civilization resides – urban, semi-urban and rural. However, with fresh water constituting only a very small proportion of the enormous quantity of water available on earth (with world oceans themselves covering three-fourth of earth’s surface), water conservation and water resources management issues come to the fore and have been acknowledged by world and unilateral development and natural resources organizations and bodies. What is effectively available for consumption and other uses is a small proportion of the quantity available in rivers, lakes and ground water. To be sure, the importance of water has been recognized and their more equitable distribution to all segments of the world population has been emphasized. Further, greater emphasis is being laid on its economic use and better management.
Water Management
Water management is the activity of planning, developing, distributing and optimum use of water resources under defined water polices and regulations. It includes:
(1) management of water treatment of drinking water, industrial water, sewage or waste water; (2) management of water resources; (3) management of flood protection; (4) management of irrigation; (5) management of the water table. In an ideal world, water management planning has regard, to all the competing demands for water and seeks to allocate water on an equitable basis to satisfy all uses and demands. This is rarely possible in practice.
Successful management of any resources requires accurate knowledge of the resource available, the uses to which it may be put, the competing demands for the resource, measures to and processes to evaluate the significance and worth of competing demands and mechanisms to translate policy decisions into actions on the ground.
For water as a resource, this is particularly difficult since sources of water can cross many national boundaries and the uses of water include many that are difficult to assign financial value to and may also be difficult to manage in conventional terms. Examples include rare species or ecosystems or the very long term value of ancient ground water reserves.
Water Resources
Water is an essential resource for all life on the planet. Of the water resources on Earth only three per cent of it is not salty and two-thirds of the freshwater is locked up in ice caps and glaciers. Of the remaining one per cent, a fifth is in remote, inaccessible areas and much seasonal rainfall in monsoonal deluges and floods cannot easily be used. At present only about 0.08 per cent of the entire world’s fresh water is exploited by mankind in ever increasing demand for sanitation, drinking, manufacturing, leisure and agriculture.
Much effort in water management is directed at optimizing the use of water and in minimizing the environmental impact of water use on the natural environment.
Need of Water, for Agriculture
Agriculture is the largest user of the world’s freshwater resources, consuming 70 per cent. As the world’s population rises and consumes more food (currently exceeding 6 per cent, it is expected to reach 9 per cent by 2050), industries and urban developments expand, and the emerging bioftiel crops trade also demands a share of freshwater resources, water scarcity is becoming an important issue. An assessment of water management in agriculture was conducted in 2007 by the International Water Management Institute in Sri Lanka to see if the world had sufficient water to provide food for its growing population. It assessed the current availability of water for agriculture on a global scale and mapped out locations suffering from water scarcity. It found that a fifth of the world’s people, more than 1.2 billion, live in areas of physical water scarcity, where there is not enough water to meet all demands. A further 1.6 billion people live in areas experiencing economic water scarcity, where the lack of investment in water or insufficient human capacity makes it impossible for authorities to satisfy the demand for water.
The report found that it would be possible to produce the food required in future, but that continuation of today’s food production and environmental trends would lead to crises in many parts of the world. Regarding food production, the World Bank targets agricultural food production and water management as an increasingly global issue that is fostering an important and growing debate.
Water Conservation
An integrated approach is the need of the hour. Top priority is fresh water conservation by stopping seepage and increasing storage through watershed development and rainwater harvesting. By recycling industrial effluents and domestic sewage, we can significantly reduce use of fresh water, and it should be made mandatory for all new projects. Good water management is so urgent, critical and gigantic a task; it needs collaborative efforts between public, private and voluntary sectors and particularly community participation.
Conservation of water through recycle of industrial effluent and domestic sewage will reduce use of fresh water by 50 per cent. Small industries which now contribute most of the pollution in our country should be helped with incentives and encouraged to treat their effluents before discharge into common effluent treatment plants which could treat the water and return it for reuse.
The water treatment industry must focus on how to make more fresh water available, by promoting concepts of rainwater harvesting and watershed development and at the same time, take more initiatives in developing cost-effective technologies for conservation of water through its recycling. In other words, a total water management approach is needed and techniques must also increasingly utilize less or no chemicals and less energy.
Future of Water Resources
One of the biggest concerns for our water-based resources in the future is the sustainability of the current and even future water resource allocation. As water becomes scarcer, the importance of how it is managed grows vastly. Finding a balance between what is needed by humans and what is needed in the environment is an important step in the sustainability of water resources. Attempts to create sustainable freshwater systems have been seen on a national level in countries such as Australia and South Africa, and such commitment to the environment could set a model for the rest of the world.
The field of water resources management will have to continue to adapt to the current and future issues facing the allocation of water. With the growing uncertainties of global climate change and the long term impacts of management actions, the decision-making will be even more difficult. It is likely that ongoing climate change will lead to situations that have not been encountered. As a result new management strategies will have to be implemented in order to avoid setbacks in the allocation of water resources.
Managing Water Resources
The primary objective of water management is to save the main resources of water supply. For this knowledge of all the resources is required. Management relates that water should be clean and it must be potable so that it should be easily available to the people who need it. Water management is a wide topic; it not only relates with clean supply of water but also with sewerage management and wetland restoration. In 1977 collaboration was formed for wastewater and sewage treatment know-how with Ames Crosta Babcock (ACB) of UK, well-known leaders in the field for decades.
One area of water management deals with handling the water present in the nature. This includes monitoring the amount of water in the environment, seasonal and annual changes in water levels. Flood prevention and purifying the water to make it germ-free are also the part of water management.
As water is necessary for all fields – whether it is an industry, agriculture, and house-hold purpose – its demand is at the peak. So, proper distribution among all fields is also vital task. Monitoring water use in these areas also allows governments to be proactive about industrial and agricultural pollution. Water scarcity may not be an immediate issue in all areas of the world, but many communities accept that there are growing pressures on water supplies and thinking ahead about water security is advisable.
How to Overcome the Problem
Water harvesting: While water harvesting has become the need of the hour, there aren’t many who know about it. It is advisable that we talk to someone who understands water harvesting for getting advice.
From the tank, filtered water is used either for non-drinking purposes or sent deep down into the ground through a PVC pipe to recharge groundwater. The cost for the entire operation can be as low as Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 12,000 per household. The expenditure can be lower if the project is taken up by local residents’ welfare associations, which can identify existing dried-up or unused wells or even bored lines to send the water down. The system requires maintenance once or twice a year, at very little cost. It has to be remembered that rainwater harvesting means that we have got to get involved and build a relationship with water.
Water is getting scarce and we need to conserve it. This no doubt is true but another pressing reason why we should know about the water we consume. Most of us living in big cities get water from far away. Delhi, for instance, sources its water also from the Uttarakhand hills of Tehri. At intermittent stages of its long travel to our city, the water is pumped ahead. This means burning of energy. Once it reaches the city, it goes into water treatment plants and then pumped into the city network of pipes until it reaches our home. And this means more burning of energy. Each of us consumes this water and, therefore, adds to the total energy consumption. If we get water from nearby sources, we can save on energy.
Since these sources are drying up and are inadequate for everyone’s consumption, the thing to do is to recycle water and to harvest it. That way we not only save on a scarce resource but also reduce the state’s burden on emissions. Water harvesting is all very good but we are required to know how to do it.
A basic rainwater harvesting system consists of a catchment area, a harvesting tank and a channel to take the water deep into the ground. So, first you need an area that directly receives rainfall, say, the terrace or a paved courtyard. This is the catchment area. Water that collects here has to be directed into the harvesting tank-in other words, pipes or channels leading to it.
It is a good idea to put a coarse mesh at the mouth of the outlet to prevent debris from flowing with the water. Also, the water collection from the first shower is often discarded, as it is usually the dirtiest. The bottom of the harvesting tank is a filter bed. It is usually made of three layers of one foot each—boulders gravel and sand. Charcoal is also used as a layer of filter. These days architects, plumbers and masons are fairly well clued into these techniques and designs.
Underground water:
When it rains, some of the water seeps into the ground. This water passes through the soil and the porous rock below it. It collects over rock that does not allow it to seep through any further. This water is called underground water. We draw underground water with the help of wells and tube wells. The level of underground water in a place is called water table. | https://www.newspeechtopics.com/water-management-essay-topics/ |
Bridgeport Rescue Mission volunteers and staff will be stationed at local Stop & Shop supermarkets on Friday and Saturday, July 14 and 15, from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. to collect donations of nonperishable food items at the organization’s annual Stuff-A-Truck event. The Mission is asking the community to take part in the food drive to help feed hungry families and individuals throughout coastal Fairfield County.
“This time of year, our pantry shelves begin to thin out while hungry men, women and children are still turning to us for nourishing food,” said Bridgeport Rescue Mission Executive Director Terry Wilcox. “Items collected from this event are going to ensure we have the canned goods and other staples we need to provide hot meals and Pantry Bags for hungry people right now and in the months to come.”
The Mission provides more than 550,000 meals every year to hungry men, women and children in their shelters, residential recovery programs and in the community through their Food Pantry and Mobile Kitchens.
Those who want to help are asked to bring bags of the items listed below to their favorite Stop & Shop stores, or buy them there as they purchase their own groceries. A Mission vehicle will be on site to receive donations.
“Folks can and drop off items they’ve purchased ahead of time, or they can buy food for us while they do their own grocery shopping and stuff the truck on their way out,” Wilcox said. “I’m hoping people won’t stop shopping until the truck is full!”
Food items needed most: Canned tuna in water, chicken noodle soup, canned vegetables, jelly/jam in plastic, peanut butter (creamy) macaroni & cheese, canned fruit, cold cereal, ramen, pasta, pasta sauce in cans
Participating Stop & Shop locations:
- On Friday, July 14: Trumbull – Quality St.; Stratford – East Main St.; Monroe – Monroe Turnpike; Bridgeport – Main St.
- On Saturday, July 15: Westport – Post Rd E; Norwalk – Main Ave. and Connecticut Ave.; Fairfield – Kings Hwy and Villa Ave.; Stamford – Bedford St. and W Main St.
For more information on the Mission’s programs and services for homeless and hurting men, women and children, visit BridgeportRescueMission.org. | https://www.sheltonherald.com/101668/bridgeport-rescue-mission-holds-stuff-a-truck-food-collection/ |
Jean Crotti (24 April 1878 – 30 January 1958) was a French painter.
Crotti was born in Bulle, Fribourg, Switzerland. He first studied in Munich, Germany at the School of Decorative Arts, then at age 23 moved to Paris to study art at the Academie Julian. Initially he was influenced by Impressionism, then by Fauvism and Art Nouveau. Around 1910 he began to experiment with Orphism, an offshoot of Cubism, and a style that would be enhanced by his association in New York City with Marcel Duchamp and Francis Picabia.
A refugee from World War I, he looked to America as a place where he could live and develop his art. In New York, he shared a studio with Marcel Duchamp and met his sister, Suzanne Duchamp. She was part of the Dada movement in which Crotti would become involved. In 1916, he exhibited Orphist-like paintings, several of which had religious titles that also included his Portrait of Marcel Duchamp and his much discussed Les Forces MEcaniques de l'amour Mouvement, created by using found objects.
In the fall of 1916, Crotti separated from his wife, Yvonne Chastel, and returned to Paris. He had begun a relationship with Suzanne Duchamp that would culminate in his divorce in 1919 and immediate marriage to Suzanne. An artist in her own right, she would greatly influence Jean Crotti’s painting. In 1920, he produced one of his best known works, a portrait of Thomas Edison. He would be part of the 1925 Exposition International in Paris, and the International Exhibition of Modern Art at the Brooklyn Museum in 1926 - 1927. Over the ensuing years, he would create numerous paintings and be the subject for several solo exhibitions at major galleries in England, France, Germany, and the United States.
Crotti died in Paris.
Jean Crotti's heirs donated his personal papers to the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, where they can be consulted by researchers.
In Spring 2011, Francis M. Naumann Fine Art showed an exhibition, Inhabiting Abstraction, including important examples from every significant phase and development in the realm of abstraction that Crotti explored, as well as one-of-a-kind works such as "Parterre de reve" (1920), in which he framed his painting palette and then signed it. | https://alchetron.com/Jean-Crotti |
There is a growing national awareness of the major role social, economic, and environmental factors can play in determining the health of individuals and populations. Unequal exposure to positive social, economic, and environmental influences can result in health differences, viewed more properly as inequities, among groups of people. For example, lower-income neighborhoods tend to have environments that are unlikely to encourage or provide access to opportunities for healthy eating and adequate physical activity (Day, 2006).
These neighborhoods are less likely to have the grocery store options or the park and playground facilities found in higher-income neighborhoods (Black and Macinko, 2008; Booth et al., 2005; Kumanyika and Grier, 2006). Additionally, their streets are more likely to be unsafe and difficult to navigate for walkers and cyclists, with fewer walking and bike paths, and their playgrounds are often unsafe. Analyses of the availability of high-calorie, low-nutrient foods and beverages, and the prevalence of advertising, show higher levels in lower-income neighborhoods (Black and Macinko, 2008; Kumanyika and Grier, 2006; Yancey et al., 2009). On the other hand, the availability of nutritious foods, and social marketing on the value and attractiveness of nutritious foods, are less likely in these neighborhoods. Children that are born, grow up, live, work, and age in these environments are more likely to be obese than children from more affluent communities. They are also more likely to suffer from the chronic diseases associated with obesity. Unless changes are made in the social, economic, and environmental factors affecting many children’s lives, these seemingly intransigent health problems are likely to continue.
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) report The Future of the Public’s Health in the 21st Century (IOM, 2003, p. 4) states, “It is unreasonable to expect that people will change their behavior easily when so many forces in the social, cultural, and physical environment conspire against such change.” This view is echoed by researchers studying the effect of the social environment on physical activity: “Advising individuals to be more physically active without considering social norms for activity, resources, and opportunities for engaging in physical activity, and environmental constraints such as crime, traffic, and unpleasant surroundings, is unlikely to produce behavior change” (McNeill et al., 2006, p. 1012). Conversely, changing people’s environments to provide equal access to factors that determine health will enable them to better control their health and its determinants, make healthier choices, and thereby improve their health.
The charge to local governments, then, is to work with community leaders, members and others to eliminate the inequities outlined above—that is, to create health equity. Many people nationwide at the local, state, and federal levels are working to define this concept and identify ways of applying it to policy, planning, and service delivery. One such definition has been developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) Health Equity Workgroup: “Health equity is the fair distribution of health determinants, outcomes, and resources within and between segments of the population, regardless of social standing” (CDC, 2007).
Just as glasses with 3-D lenses allow movie audiences to see three-dimensional images that they could not see unaided, looking at communities and their members’ health status through the lens of health equity can help policy makers understand the health impacts of such factors as racism, poverty, residential segregation, poor housing, lack of access to quality education, and limited access to health care. Using the health equity lens can also suggest the actions needed to achieve optimal health and health justice. The new perspective provided by seeing through a health equity lens allows local government officials to reframe their viewpoint. Thus, for example, instead of simply noting that a lower-income child eats few fruits and vegetables and does not engage in sufficient physical activity, local government officials can be encouraged to question the equity of distribution of supermarkets, the adequacy of transportation, the safety of neighborhoods, and the availability of parks and recreation opportunities in the context of residential segregation, high rates of unemployment, and an absence of social capital.
This new perspective can point policy makers in the right direction to pursue policies and actions that can reverse the situation in communities with disproportionately high rates of obesity and remove barriers to health equity and good
health. Some of the actions local governments can take to make these changes happen are listed below. (Chapters 4 and 5, respectively, outline more specific actions that can be taken to promote healthful eating and physical activity.)
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Improve coordination among agencies and organizations whose activities address determinants of health in such areas as education, housing, planning, agriculture, employment, and economic development.
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Engage with communities in planning and implementing actions to improve health and health equity.
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Find ways to increase the availability of healthy, affordable food in underserved communities and reduce access to unhealthy foods.
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Create a built environment that encourages walking, cycling, and other physical activity.
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Consider cultural barriers that keep lower-income, minority, and immigrant populations from purchasing healthier foods or seeking opportunities for physical activity.
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Work with community partners to identify and build upon cultural assets, such as dance traditions or gardening for groups with a rich farming heritage.
Finally, it is important to recognize that many decisions made by local governments that appear unrelated to childhood obesity actually may have a significant effect. For example, decisions about employee income, education, public assistance, housing assistance, affordable housing plans, transportation, health insurance, commercial development, community involvement in government and decision making, and community policing, to name a few, may have positive or negative impacts on the prevalence of childhood obesity overall and especially among those who are most vulnerable.
Viewing local government decision making through a health equity lens is fundamental to preventing childhood obesity and promoting health equity. This is a matter of ethics and fairness, but it is also a practical necessity because of the financial and human costs associated with obesity. Efforts aimed at preventing childhood obesity should target those areas of the community where the problem is greatest and where social, economic, and environmental factors appear to promote obesity and act as barriers to its prevention. As policy makers and community partners review the strategies and action steps offered in this report, they should focus on those actions that are most likely to lessen health disparities related to childhood obesity and to bring the community’s children and their families closer to a state of health equity.
REFERENCES
Black, J. L., and J. Macinko. 2008. Neighborhoods and obesity. Nutrition Reviews 66(1):2–20.
Booth, K. M., M. M. Pinkston, and W. S. C. Poston. 2005. Obesity and the built environment. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 105(Suppl. 5):S110–S117.
CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2007 (unpublished). Health Equity Working Group. Atlanta, GA: CDC.
Day, K. 2006. Active living and social justice: Planning for physical activity in low-income, black, and Latino communities. Journal of the American Planning Association 72(1):88–99.
IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2000. Promoting Health: Intervention Strategies from Social and Behavioral Research. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Kumanyika, S., and S. Grier. 2006. Targeting interventions for ethnic minority and low-income populations. Future of Children 16(1):187–207.
McNeill, L. H., M. W. Kreuter, and S. V. Subramanian. 2006. Social environment and physical activity: A review of concepts and evidence. Social Science and Medicine 63(4):1011–1022.
Yancey, A. K., B. L. Cole, R. Brown, J. D. Williams, A. Hillier, R. S. Kline, M. Ashe, S. A. Grier, D. Backman, and W. J. McCarthy. 2009. A cross-sectional prevalence study of ethnically targeted and general audience outdoor obesity-related advertising. The Milbank Quarterly 87(1):155–184. | https://www.nap.edu/read/12674/chapter/5 |
Q:
How do quarks interact with the Higgs field?
I know that electrons' only interaction with the higgs field is due to ambidextrousness and the weak hypercharge which is provided by the higgs boson, but how do quarks (specifically up and down) interact if they are confined by gluons and therefore have a fixed chirality? How do they have mass to?
A:
This blog post is a good one to get a feeling of the Higgs mechanism.
One should definitely separate the Higgs field from the Higgs boson. The Higgs boson is an elementary particle , attendant to the existence of the Higgs field as its excitation, and acquires its mass as all the other particles in the standard model table.
The Higgs field that gives the elementary particle masses in contrast to all the other fields posited by field theory, which are zero everywhere unless a "particle" exists as an excitation of the field, is nonzero everywhere.
Please read the link to understand that the masses are not acquired by interaction of the type "Higgs+electron" or "Higgs + quark" Feynman vertices, but by the change in the basic vacuum expectation value through which the other fields, photon, electron etc , exist and move.
So chirality has nothing to do with the acquisition of mass from the quarks and the other fermions through the Higgs mechanism. (In any case chirality is definite only for zero mass fermions , whether quarks or leptons.)
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Evennight Books is a small publisher specializing in fiction by New Mexico writers. Formed in 2010 to bring P. G. Nagle’s backlist back into print, Evennight is now expanding into original fiction in both print and electronic formats.
The word “evennight” is a literal translation of “equinox,” the time of year when day and night are equal.
Evennight Books is an affiliate of Book View Café Publishing Cooperative. | http://evennight.com/wp/about-evennight/ |
Plagiarism is wrong and should not be done on essays or any work no matter what the circumstance because it is taking credit for someone else's work. All of this information can benefit students or someone else by showing how serious plagiarism is and what the consequences and ramifications are if you do it. The conducted research informed my knowledge on plagiarism by giving an insight on how serious this issue is. I have caught myself sometimes plagiarizing and now know how it can be avoided by you or anyone and the severity of it,
Banned Books are books that are prohibited by law or to which free access is not permitted by other means. Banning books is against the writers right for freedom of speech, which is the first amendment. Students have the right to read, reading is not illegal, so why ban books? If a reader is mature enough to handle some curse words or bad behavior then they should be able to read banned books. Some people believe books should not be banned in schools/libraries but just because you do not like it does not mean it should be taken away, that is the authors freedom of speech.
They also lack of knowledge and idea to solve the problems because it is not under their field. As an engineer, the power to approve any project is under our control, so do not use that advantages of signature to the wrong way in order to get benefits for ourself only. For example, an engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence, nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and control. By doing that kind to the wrong way, it will give us a negative feedback and results towards our attitudes. If they want to accept any projects, they must be responsible towards all matter that linked with the projects.
Most kids in this century use other people’s work because they are lazy and decided that it is not worth their time.They copy word by word, and not knowing consequences. Multiple high school students just get zeros on their homework assignment, but they do not realize how important this is. This is called plagiarism. Plagiarism is stealing people’s ideas or work. There are so many other ways to explain this.
You should ensure that it directly states what you as the writer has decided on. You can also use a final point to emphasize on the conclusion. This final point can be in the form of a suggestion for further reading, a joke or even an anecdote. An essential point to note while ending an analytical essay is to ensure that no new idea is introduced. Anything that was not mentioned should not be included as it will give the reader a mindset that that the essay is not complete and other key components have been left behind.
Having too much homework stresses a person out, lowers grades, and doesn’t get done because one has little time available. “[S]tudies have found that high school students may also be overburdened with homework- so much that it’s taking a toll on their health” (Levy 3). Stress can be caused by excessive amounts of homework, which can be bad for your health- hence why being burdened with so much homework can cause a strain on one’s health. Due dates stress a person out because someone will get homework and it’ll be due the next day. What about work?
So do not waste time copying just do the work and it will not be a waste. It won’t benefit a person’s education when someone copies because they are not learning. People should get expelled or punish to teach them that direct plagiarism is wrong and should not be done. Each one of these examples of plagiarism all have
Today we will look at how truancy and absenteeism has dramatic effects on the individual, peers, teachers and school. Students who truanted and are absent for long periods or even short times tend to be affected the most because of the lack of attendance. One of the most evident effects is academic underachievement, because of the student not attending lessons and missing during lesson, student break the continuity of learning and will find it difficult to get on the same page as their peers. The curriculum is tight and missing out on a day of school can lead to students tend fail to catch an important topic that will appear in examinations. Students can also have a loss of confidence and lack of self-esteem due to being unable to cope in the same pace as the others in the class.
In addition to being extremely damaging to physical and mental health, homework also completely eliminates free time and fights for time with extracurricular activities. Part-time jobs, babysitting siblings, or extracurricular activities such as soccer, basketball, or football, may consume copious amounts of time, resulting in students who are unmotivated to complete their homework (Rhodes, Wilson). The often-repetitious worksheets and handouts that appear to be a waste of time, also destroy a student’s motivation to complete homework (Rhodes, Wilson). After all, why would a student want to spend hours pouring over a sheets of paper when he/she could be outside having fun? In addition to eliminating free time, the hours that a student will spend daily on homework also have negative impacts on physical and mental health.
The first and most obvious drawback is that “Standardized testing evaluates a student’s performance on one particular day and does not take into account external factors. There are many people who simply do not perform well on tests” (“Pros and Cons of Standardized Testing”). Due to the fact that students are required to honor the date of exams given to them by their professors, unexpected circumstances, such as getting sick or a family death, can occur causing subpar performance. This does not allow the student’s performance to be properly assessed because the student may have physical symptoms, such as a runny nose, headache, coughing, or sneezing, that interferes with his or her test-taking abilities. Additionally, there may be emotional strain that has the student preoccupied, thus making them less focused on the exam. | https://www.ipl.org/essay/Argumentative-Essay-About-Plagiarism-PCTCVZJ35G |
Tanzania High Commissioner to Malawi Patrick Tsere has made it crystal clear that part of Lake Malawi belongs to both countries – Malawi and Tanzania.
Speaking in an exclusive interview with Zodiak radio on Thursday, Tsere said Dodoma would be able to justify its stand at any level and that currently the lake belongs to the two countries unless discussions prove otherwise.
He however said Tanzania was still open for talks with Malawi on the dispute before this issue is brought forward to mediators.
“I believe it [Lake Malawi] belongs to both countries; Malawi, Tanzania, and to Mozambique,” faulting the 1890 Heligoland treaty signed by Germany and Britain giving the entire lake to Malawi.
The agreement was further agreed to in 1963 by the Heads of State of OAU. The African Union made similar resolutions in 2002 and 2007.
But Malawi has pulled out of the talks accusing Tanzania of playing double standards, according Malawi President Joyce Banda.
“When we thought we were in dialogue our friends were launching a new map showing that a good part of Lake Malawi belongs to them, they harassed our fishermen and threatened to blow up any boat found on Lake Malawi so we can’t continue with dialogue with this spirit,” said President Banda when she announced the pull out.
High Commissioner Tsere however said it was not true that Tanzania was doing the contrary and blamed his country’s media of misquoting officials on the new map.
“The map is just for administrative purposes and not that it is a sign that we have claimed the lake through that map as the media reported. We are still committed to dialogue,” he said.
But it could be too late, little because Malawi now says the only way out is to resolve the matter is to take it to the International Court of Justice.
“As Malawi we want the matter to be referred to the International Court of Justice,” said senior secretary in the ministry of Foreign Affairs Patrick on Thursday.
High Commissioner however said Tanzania received the concerns raised by and that formally they have replied.
“Tanzania received the concerns raised by the Malawi president and has already replied formally. I cannot disclose the content of the reply. [But] this matter is still in its prime level. We are still talking on the issue until it is resolved amicably,” said Tsere.
Mr. Kambambe, the senior secretary in Malawi’s Foreign Affairs ministry, confirmed to have received the communication from Tanzania but insisted that the matter be referred to ICJ.
Ironically, on Thursday Malawi’s Minister of Foreign Affairs Ephraim Chiume visited Karonga a border district with Tanzania to assure people there of maximum security amid the simmering diplomatic tension. | https://www.faceofmalawi.com/2012/10/12/tanzania-high-commissioner-to-malawi-says-part-of-lake-malawi-belongs-to-tanzania/ |
Beyoncé has sparked speculation she could be about to drop new music after wiping her social media profile photos.
The singer, 40, was trending on Twitter on Friday after she deleted the main photos from her Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and TikTok accounts, prompting fans to guess she is about to release new music.
The former member of Destiny’s Child has previously released music in surprising ways.
Her last full-length album release came in 2016 with Lemonade, which was accompanied by a 65-minute film of the same title and went to number one in many countries around the world.
In 2013, her self-titled album was released in the early hours of the morning without any warning.
Beyoncé has had huge chart success, landing three number one albums and five number one singles in the UK.
The singer, who has been married to rapper and businessman Jay-Z since 2008, made history last year when she became the most decorated female artist at the Grammy Awards.
She won four awards out of nine nominations, making it 28 over her career, which surpasses the 27 of bluegrass-country singer Alison Krauss.
Beyoncé and Jay-Z had their daughter Blue Ivy in January 2012, and in June 2017 she gave birth to twins Rumi and Sir.
Some fans suggested the announcement could relate to her fashion line Ivy Park rather than new music. | https://www.websfavourites.com/entertainment/beyonce-sparks-fan-speculation-over-new-music-after-deleting-her-social-media-profile-photos-ents-arts-news/ |
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Sub-Treatments: Adult Stem Cell Therapy | Anti Aging Stem Cell Treatments | Bone Marrow Stem Cell Therapies | Cartilage Regeneration Stem Cell Therapy... MoreView Treatment Details
Stem cell treatments, research and technology are no longer relegated to sci-fi novels or movies. Research and development of stem cells also goes way beyond the use of embryonic stem cell therapy, potential of cloning human beings and the moral and ethical controversies surrounding such development... | https://www.placidway.com/search-medical-treatments/Stem-Cell-Therapy/1 |
78.00 Speaking Talking to others to convey information effectively.
75.00 Critical Thinking Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.
75.00 Active Listening Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
75.00 Writing Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
72.00 Reading Comprehension Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.
68.75 Learning Strategies Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
62.50 Time Management Managing one's own time and the time of others.
62.50 Active Learning Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
62.50 Social Perceptiveness Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
62.50 Coordination Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
59.50 Instructing Teaching others how to do something.
56.25 Management of Personnel Resources Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
56.25 Persuasion Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
53.00 Operations Analysis Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
53.00 Monitoring Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
53.00 Service Orientation Actively looking for ways to help people.
53.00 Systems Analysis Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
53.00 Judgment and Decision Making Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
50.00 Systems Evaluation Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system. | https://www.vaview.vt.edu/careers/career/21-1091.00/Skills |
Unexpected increase in longevity {#s1_1}
================================
Death from aging is technically death from age-related diseases, which are manifestations of advanced aging \[[@R1]\]. But, historically, most people died young and, of course, not from age-related diseases but, rather, from starvation and epidemics (cholera, smallpox, tuberculosis and many currently rare infections) as well as from physical violence. Just three centuries ago, life expectancy was less than 16 years and 75% of people born in London in 1662 died before they reached the age of 26 (Graunt\'s life table). The progress of civilization eliminated many causes of death that killed young people in the past. This dramatically increased the average lifespan. In addition, modern medicine extended lifespan of old people by treating age-related diseases. But maximal lifespan seemed to be not affected. It was assumed that human life span is close to its upper limits. However, surprising demographists and gerontologists, it was shown that life expectancy continues to increase at an astonishing pace \[[@R2],[@R3]\]. In the countries with the highest life expectancies, the long term increase in life expectancy proceeds at a pace of 2.5 years per 10 years, or six hours per day \[[@R4]\]. A century ago, the chance to become centenarian (a person older than 100 years) was a hundred times lower. Furthermore, as calculated, most babies born since 2000 in countries with long life expectancies will celebrate their 100th birthdays \[[@R5]\]. Most astonishingly, people are reaching very old age in better health. But then they deteriorate fast, seemingly indicating that the rate of aging was not changed but just aging was postponed \[[@R3]\]. \"Taken together, these findings are so perplexing that they can be dubbed the 'longevity riddle\': why do the evolutionary forces that shaped human aging provide a license to alter the level of health but not the rate of debilitation?\" \[[@R3]\]. So why can aging be delayed but not slowed? Or can aging be slowed? In order to solve the longevity riddle, we should turn gerontology on its head. It has been always assumed that aging is caused by damage. As recently argued, aging is not driven by damage, but, in contrast, leads to damage (organ damage) \[[@R6]-[@R8]\]. And aging is driven in part by mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin).
TOR-driven quasi-programmed aging and age-related diseases {#s1_2}
==========================================================
The mTOR intracellular signaling pathway is activated by numerous signals including glucose, amino acids, fat acids and other nutrients, insulin and some other hormones, growth factors and cytokines \[[@R9]-[@R11]\]. In response, it increases cellular functions and cellular mass growth \[[@R12]\]. When the cell cycle is blocked, mTOR drives cellular senescence \[[@R13]\]. Cellular aging can be defined as over-activation of signaling pathways (such as mTOR) with secondary signal resistance \[[@R14]\]. In turn this slowly leads to diseases of aging (hypertension, atherosclerosis, macular degeneration, insulin resistance, obesity, neurodegeneration, cancer, osteoporosis, organ hypertrophy). For example, TOR-dependent activation of osteoclasts causes bone resorption (osteoporosis) \[[@R15]\]. But these aging processes are relatively silent (subclinical, no obvious deterioration) until aging culminates in \"catastrophes\" - organ damage. For example, osteoporosis can lead to broken hip and atherosclerosis can lead to infarction. Then deterioration can be quick, leading to death in a mater of hours or years or decades, depending on the level of medical care.
Morbid phase {#s1_3}
============
When diseases become clinical then deterioration may be fast. For example, high blood pressure, thrombosis and atherosclerosis can culminate in stroke. This will initiate a chain of deteriorations (immobility - pneumonia, etc.) that are TOR-independent. The duration of this morbid (deterioration) phase is almost solely determined by the level of medical care. Furthermore, age-related blindness and Alzheimer\'s disease are rarely lethal anymore. Medicine may dramatically prolong the morbidity phase, delaying death. Thus, the speed of deterioration is almost independent from the aging process and cannot serve as a marker of aging or the rate of aging. The rate of aging is actually determined by the age of the onset of age-related diseases. Slowing down the aging process (by calorie restriction, rapamycin or genetic manipulation) delays diseases.
\"Thought experiment\": how would rapamycin affect longevity in 1667 versus 1967 {#s1_4}
================================================================================
Rapamycin is an anti-aging drug, which is currently used to prevent donor organ rejections \[[@R16]\]. Rapamycin delays cancer in animals and humans (see for review \[[@R17]\]). It also delays other age-related diseases in animal models of accelerated diseases. For example, rapamycin and its analogs delay atherosclerosis \[[@R18]-[@R23]\]. mTOR is involved in age-related diseases exactly because it is involved in aging. In fact, rapamycin prolongs life span in mice and flies \[[@R24]-[@R27]\]. It is expected that, in adult humans, rapamycin (at correct doses and schedules) will prolong healthy and maximal lifespan \[[@R16]\]. But consider rapamycin administered for life, starting from childhood. Then its effect on longevity will depend on the level of civilization and will be opposite in the 17^th^ and 20^th^ centuries.
**Scenario 1**. Assume that in 1667, 3 out of 4 newborns were randomly prescribed rapamycin for life. Rapamycin would slow down developmental growth (a disadvantage for survival, especially for orphans). Malnutrition and stresses would be less tolerated, because the nutrient sensing pathway is deactivated by rapamycin. Reduced muscle mass and fat stores would increase chances of death from violence and famine. In infants with natural immunotolerance, rapamycin would further decrease immunity against infections, which were numerous, incurable and non-preventable in 17^th^ century. So, if 3 out of 4 people must die before the age of 26 (1667 in London), they would be those who were treated with rapamycin. The control group would survive and develop diseases of aging at normal (early) age.
**Scenario 2**. In 20^th^ century London, sanitation, vaccination and other measures have greatly reduced epidemics. The discovery of antibiotics has further prevented death from infections. Famine and violent death are not common either. Those who were treated with rapamycin for life will survive into adulthood and then will age slowly. In the rapamycin-treated group, diseases will be delayed. Furthermore, even its ability to cause immunologic tolerance ('rejuvenate\' immunity) will be beneficial in the elderly by decreasing hyper-immunity and autoimmunity. (Note: rapamycin improves immunity in old animals \[[@R28]\]). So, now, the rapamycin treated group becomes centenarians in good heath. But because deterioration is mTOR-independent, this group will deteriorate at the same rate (but later in life) as the control group, assuming that the medical treatment is equal in both groups (in reality, younger patients are treated more intensively.)
The revealed-slow-aging hypothesis {#s1_5}
==================================
Thus, while slow aging was a disadvantage in 1667, it became an advantage in 1967. In the past, mostly fast-aging individuals could survive into chronologically old age (Figure [2A](#F2){ref-type="fig"}). Now, slow-aging individuals can survive into chronologically old age (Figure [2B](#F2){ref-type="fig"}). Therefore, demographists observe an increasing number of individuals who are healthy at advanced chronological ages with delayed onset of diseases, who then deteriorate at the same rate as younger patients (Figure [1A](#F1){ref-type="fig"} vs 1B).
{#F1}
Importantly, current increase in healthy lifespan (increased longevity with late onset of age-related diseases) is not caused by natural selection. It happens in the same generation. Slow aging was not selected but was simply revealed (Figure [2](#F2){ref-type="fig"} B). Until recently, most slow-aging individuals died prematurely. They (we) did not necessarily die young but nevertheless died not from aging. For example, at the same chronological age when fast-aging individuals died from heart attack, healthy slow-aging individuals died from malnutrition and infections, for instance. Elimination of premature death greatly enriched chronologically old population with slow-aging (biologically young) individuals (Figure [2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}).
To be possibly correct, the hypothesis requires a high proportion of slow-aging individuals at birth (Figure [2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}). Otherwise, there would be too few slow-aging individuals to make a difference later (Figure [2](#F2){ref-type="fig"} A vs B). Why was not slow aging selected out? Slow aging must be beneficial for women, by increasing their reproductive period. In fact, female\'s fertility is decreasing early in life (starting from late twenties, long before menopause). This reproductive aging is one of the earliest manifestations of aging in females. So slow aging benefits females. Also, as I will discuss elsewhere, women do not need to be as robust as men, so can afford to age slower (see forthcoming article \"Why men age faster but reproduce longer: mTOR perspective\"). In turn, males inherit genes for longevity too, explaining a high proportion of slow-aging individuals at birth.
The revealed-slow-aging hypothesis predicts that certain very harsh conditions may result in a decrease in healthy lifespan decades later. For example, perhaps it is robust (and therefore fast-aging later) young men who predominantly survived wars, camps and orphanages. (If so, the death of weak slow-aging young men during 1940^th^-1950^th^ might explain a drop in healthy lifespan of Russian men 50 years later.) Also, the hypothesis explains data on early-age mortality and subsequent mortality in the same cohorts. Thus Finch and Crimmins showed that increasing longevity and declining mortality in the elderly occurred among the same birth cohorts that experienced a reduction in mortality at younger ages \[[@R29],[@R30]\]. The revealed-slow-aging hypothesis suggests that high levels of infection early in life eliminate young individuals with a 'weak\' mTOR (slow-aging individuals, who otherwise would live longer).
{#F2}
{#F3}
The prospect of longevity {#s1_6}
=========================
Today, most slow-aging individuals, with less active mTOR, do not die early in life from malnutrition and infections and can reach chronologically old age. Exactly because they are slow-aging (young biologically), they are able to reach old age in good health. This may explain the current increase in longevity. But this trend is probably close to saturation and will be saturated by 2050 (a century after invention of antibiotics) in the countries with the highest longevity. The reason is that the rate of aging was not affected by elimination of death from famine and infections.
Yet, aging could be slowed by rapamycin, a drug currently approved to prevent organ rejection. (Note: rapamycin, as an anti-aging drug, perhaps should not be administrated until after growth is completed). Based on data with calorie restriction and rapamycin in mice, lifespan might be increased on 30 percent. Then we will observe 140-150 years old individuals and average lifespan will exceed 100.
Solution of heath care crisis and further prospect on longevity {#s1_7}
===============================================================
Currently, by treating each disease individually and focusing on advanced diseases, traditional medical interventions lengthen the morbidity phase (Figure [3](#F3){ref-type="fig"}).
So, traditional medicine increases number of old people in bad health. However, extension of lifespan by lengthening only the morbidity phase will make the cost of medical care unsustainable for society. Anti-aging medicine can solve this crisis by delaying the morbidity (deterioration) phase (Figure [4](#F4){ref-type="fig"}).
There is incorrect perception that anti-aging drugs would increase a number of people suffering with age-related diseases. In contrast, such*old* people will be healthy because they will be only chronologically old but biologically young. They will be healthier for longer (until they reach biological age of deterioration). Biological age is by itself determined by the sum of all diseases of aging \[[@R1]\]. In other words, diseases of aging are manifestations of biological aging. It is impossible to dissociate biological aging and diseases of aging. Healthy aging is healthy *non-aging* (or slow aging).
Deceleration of aging, manifested as \"healthy aging\", increases the ratio of healthy to unhealthy people (Figure [4](#F4){ref-type="fig"}). Furthermore, the ability to work is determined by biological age. Slow aging may delay retirement until later in life (as also suggested by Vaupel \[[@R3]\]) and in turn may provide the means for society to support further development of increasingly powerful (and expensive) conventional medicine. Then lifespan can be extended by both anti-aging medical intervention (to delay morbidity) and specialized medical intervention (to prolong morbidity stage).
{#F4}
In conclusion, the progress of medicine 60-100 years ago (in prevention and treatment of non-age-related diseases) allowed slow-aging individuals to survive long enough to die from late onset age-related diseases (in other words to die from postponed aging). Civilization increased a proportion of slow-aging persons among the elderly, without actually slowing the aging process. Rapamycin will be used to slow down aging itself, further extending healthy lifespan. The extent of lifespan extension will depend on the future discoveries. And future discoveries are predictably unpredictable \[[@R31]\].
I thank Vera Gorbunova, Valter Longo and Jay Caplan for comments on the manuscript.
The author of this manuscript has no conflict of interests to declare.
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When the gyro rotor rotates at high speed, the direction of the rotation axis of the gyro in the inertial space remains stable when there is no external torque acting on the gyro, that is, it points to a fixed direction; at the same time, it resists any changes in the rotor axial the power of. This physical phenomenon is called the gyroscope's axiality or stability. Its stability changes with the following physical quantities:
1. The larger the rotor's inertia, the better the stability;
2. The greater the rotor angular velocity, the better the stability.
The so-called "rotational inertia" is a physical quantity describing the magnitude of inertia of a rigid body in rotation. When two different rigid bodies rotating around a fixed axis are acted on with the same moment, the angular velocities obtained by them are generally different. The angular velocities obtained by rigid bodies with large moments of inertia are small, that is, the inertia that maintains the original state of rotation. On the contrary, the angular velocity obtained by a rigid body with a small rotational inertia is large, that is, the inertia that maintains the original rotational state is small. | http://m.ericcointernational.com/info/what-is-the-orientation-of-a-gyroscope-43017901.html |
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Palo Alto, California
Spring Valley, California
Merced, California
Palo Alto, California
Altadena, California
Los Angeles, California
California
Banning, California
Upland, California
Palo Alto, California
Palo Alto, California
Merced, California
Palo Alto, California
Walnut Creek, California
Aliso Viejo, California
Rocklin, California
Irvine, California
San Diego, California
Palo Alto, California
Posted: 02-Sep-22
Location: LOS ANGELES, California
Type: Full Time
Preferred Education: Masters
Years of Experience:
Preferred Education:
Job Summary
Provides continuous support in reducing accidents and injuries and maintaining regulatory compliance by providing management and engineering support of fire, life, and safety related projects and systems assurance programs; contributing resourceful hazard mitigations and solutions to improve safety; and promoting a better safety culture for the agency.
Example of Duties
- Designs and manages the implementation of a comprehensive system safety or assurance program for bus/rail transit operations to improve Metro′s safety culture and reduce accidents and employee/passenger injuries
- Develops and maintains transit safety policies, standards, and procedures
- Monitors and directs field personnel involved in the installation of bus/rail transit safety improvements
- Manages, researches, and implements demonstration projects to mitigate bus/rail transit accidents and injuries
- Initiates transit safety legislation and education programs with supporting materials such as videos, posters, fliers, etc.
- Performs design reviews of bus and rail projects for safety compliance
- Reviews safety and communication system capital project engineering design submittals
- Develops and manages departmental engineering projects for safety improvement
- Prepares and reviews specifications and drawings for transit safety facilities, such as rail stations, bus zones and terminals, maintenance bays, and equipment, to verify compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) and California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) regulations
- Reviews and prepares design criteria for safety of transit passengers and employees
- Participates or coordinates transit safety design and reviews with local, state, and federal agencies, including local fire departments
- Develops standards and guidelines for light rail transit systems
- Manages activities of transit safety consultants and contractors for assigned major capital projects
- Chairs or provides technical support to various committees, such as Fire/Life Safety Committee, Local Safety Committee, and Safety Certification Review Team
- Oversees and maintains regulatory compliance of rail projects to fire/life safety design criteria, National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 130, and other related fire standards and codes
- Conducts field inspections/investigations to identify and resolve transit safety hazards
- Analyzes safety data, identifies trends, and makes recommendations based on findings
- Prepares and reviews hazard analyses relating to design, operations, and maintenance, and makes recommendations to control hazards
- Oversees investigations of bus/rail accidents and injuries and prepares comprehensive reports, including primary causation factors, contributory factors, and recommendations to prevent recurrence
- Monitors reliability demonstration tests
- Manages OSHA required training programs
- Supervises, trains, develops, and motivates assigned staff
- Performs rail start-up activities, including evaluating emergency drills and procedures and resolving transit safety hazards
- Supports integrated testing activity and audits test procedures and results
- Develops safety certification checklists and manages the safety certification program required by the California Public Utilities Commission to ensure compliance
- Interacts with various external agencies to improve interagency coordination for safety systems and projects
- Serves as safety liaison with Joint Powers Authority (JPA) rail projects for system safety, fire/life safety, hazard resolution, and other safety programs
- Communicates and implements safety rules, policies, and procedures in support of the agency's safety vision and goals; and maintains accountability for the safety performance of all assigned employees
- Contributes to ensuring that the Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) policies and programs of Metro are carried out
May be required to perform other related job duties
Special Conditions
The physical demands described are representative of those that must be met by the employee to successfully perform the essential functions of this job. Metro provides reasonable accommodation to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions.
Working Conditions
- Typical office situation
- Close exposure to computer monitors and video screen
- Work with regular exposure to odors or fumes
- Work on slippery or uneven surfaces
- Extensive safety training and/or use of protective devices and personal protective gear
Additional Information
- Number of Openings: 1
- Salary Range: $94,494 - $118,102 - $141,752
- Requisition ID: 220455
- Posting Date: Aug 31, 2022
Selection Procedure:
Applicants who best meet job-related qualifications will be invited to participate in the examination process that may consist of any combination of written, performance, or oral appraisal to further evaluate job-related experience, knowledge, skills, and abilities.
Application Procedure:
Candidates can complete their Employment Applications on their mobile device or computer.
Telephone: (213) 922-6217 or persons with hearing or speech impairments can use California Relay Service711 to contact Metro.
All completed online Employment Applications must be received by 11:59 p.m. on the posting end date.
Metro is an Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) employer, committed to maintaining an environment that values diversity and where its employees and applicants are free from discrimination, harassment and retaliation. Decisions affecting all LACMTA employment practices are made without regard to race, color, religion, national origin, sex (including pregnancy), age, disability, ancestry, medical condition, marital status, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, military and veteran status, genetic information or any other basis protected by federal or state statutes.
Minimum Qualifications
A combination of education and/or experience that provides the required knowledge, skills, and abilities to perform the essential functions of the position. Additional experience, as outlined below, may be substituted for required education on a two-for-one year basis. A typical combination includes:
Education
- Bachelor's Degree in Safety, Engineering, Business, or a related field; Master′s Degree in a related field preferred
Experience
- Six years of relevant experience or three years of relevant supervisory-level experience in bus/rail transit system safety, systems assurance programs, OSHA programs, transit safety certification programs, transit fire/life safety, or California Public Utilities Commission regulatory programs
Certifications/Licenses/Special Requirements
- A valid California Class C Driver License or the ability to utilize an alternative method of transportation when needed to carry out job-related essential functions
- Completion of Lockout/Tagout Certification, Forklift Certification, Scissor Lift Certification, Train Operator Course, Rail Operations Controller Course, Hi-Rail Course, Track, Signals, and Electrical Safety Course
- Certified Safety Professional, Associate Safety Professional, or Occupational Health and Safety Technician Credential from the Board of Certified Safety Professionals
- Rail Transit Safety and Security Program Certificate from the Department of Transportation
- Safety Management Certificate from the American Society of Safety Professionals
- FCC (Federal Communications Commission) General Radio Telephone Operators License preferred
- 24 hours on-call, weekend/holiday work required when necessary
- Frequent exposure to weather changes, odors, dust, heights, equipment, mechanical, and electrical hazards
Preferred Qualifications
Preferred Qualifications (PQs) are used to identify relevant knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) as determined by business necessity. These criteria are considered preferred qualifications and are not intended to serve as minimum requirements for the position. PQs will help support selection decisions throughout the recruitment. In addition, applicants who possess these PQs will not automatically be selected.
The following are the preferred qualifications: | https://careers.cbia.org/jobs/17390257/manager-systems-safety-safetycertification-fire-life-safety |
These three essential principles are summed up in three words: non-conception, non-distraction, and non-meditation. These principles guide us and help us to deepen our experience of meditation.
What are the basic principles of meditation?
How to Meditate: Simple Meditation for Beginners
- Sit or lie comfortably. You may even want to invest in a meditation chair or cushion.
- Close your eyes. …
- Make no effort to control the breath; simply breathe naturally.
- Focus your attention on the breath and on how the body moves with each inhalation and exhalation.
What are the 3 types of meditation?
There are nine popular types of meditation practice:
- mindfulness meditation.
- spiritual meditation.
- focused meditation.
- movement meditation.
- mantra meditation.
- transcendental meditation.
- progressive relaxation.
- loving-kindness meditation.
What is basic meditation?
Basic Meditation Process For Beginners
The process of meditation begins with sitting in a relaxed position and having the mind cleared from every form of disturbances through thoughts. Then, the mind focuses on a thing or thought while every other thing that may impede the flow is cleared off (3).
What are the steps to meditate?
How to meditate in 10 easy steps
- Step 1: Before you get started. Before you start, you need to take care of a few practicalities. …
- Step 2: Get settled. …
- Step 3: Breathe deeply. …
- Step 4: Check in. …
- Step 5: Scan your body. …
- Step 6: Consider the ‘why’ …
- Step 7: Observe the breath. …
- Step 8: Allow your mind to be free.
22.01.2011
How do you meditate in bed?
How to meditate
- Find a quiet area. Sit or lie down, depending on what feels most comfortable. Lying down is preferable at bedtime.
- Close your eyes and breathe slowly. Inhale and exhale deeply. Focus on your breathing.
- If a thought pops up, let it go and refocus on your breathing.
13.01.2020
What do you think about when meditating?
- 10 Meditation Prompts That’ll Challenge You to Think Bigger. Improve your mind, heart and body with regular meditation. …
- Focus on your breath. Start your meditation by taking several deep breaths. …
- Do a body scan. …
- Evaluate your energy. …
- Practice gratitude. …
- Choose a mantra. …
- Reflect on the day. …
- Reflect on the past week.
Can meditation be dangerous?
Popular media and case studies have recently highlighted negative side effects from meditation—increases in depression, anxiety, and even psychosis or mania—but few studies have looked at the issue in depth across large numbers of people.
What type of meditation is best?
The following seven examples are some of the best-known ways to meditate:
- Loving-kindness meditation. …
- Body scan or progressive relaxation. …
- Mindfulness meditation. …
- Breath awareness meditation. …
- Kundalini yoga. …
- Zen meditation. …
- Transcendental Meditation.
How long should you meditate for?
How Long Should You Meditate For? Mindfulness-based clinical interventions such as Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) typically recommend practicing meditation for 40-45 minutes per day. The Transcendental Meditation (TM) tradition often recommends 20 minutes, twice daily.
Can you meditate in bed?
It is ok to meditate in bed (or any other comfortable place), which you can feel relaxed and have positive, peaceful and quiet moment to focus with yourself. … Of course! Meditation should ideally be performed in a quiet, relaxing atmosphere and in a body position which allows for muscle relaxation and deep breathing.
How can I stop thinking while meditating?
How to Stop Thinking During Meditation: 10 Tips to Calm in 10 Minutes
- With these 10 tips, you’ll get calm, clear and centered in 10 minutes.
- Start at the same time every day. …
- Choose your meditation zone. …
- Journal before you meditate. …
- Ask. …
- Assume you’re doing it right. …
- Experiment with different styles. …
- Thank yourself.
18.01.2016
How do I meditate with God?
Be Direct: Ask For What You Want
- Get Quiet. Begin by sitting in a posture as for meditation. …
- Greet and Offer Praise. Spend a moment or two setting the stage with a prayer of invocation or praise, or an offering of gratitude. …
- Speak Your Truth. …
- Connect. …
- Make a request. …
- Let Go. …
- Immerse Yourself in the Sacred.
Can you teach yourself to meditate?
Meditation without a master isn’t easy, but many people learn to effectively meditate on their own. … While there are a variety of meditation approaches you can do on your own, mindfulness meditation, body scan meditation, and walking meditation are good choices to ease into meditating without a master.
How long should you meditate as a beginner?
Start small, with three to five minutes (or less).
Some great new data collected from users of the Lift goal-tracking app* shows that most beginner meditators started with three to five minutes. Even three minutes can feel like a darn long time when you first start meditating, so you could even start smaller. | https://yogarup.com/for-meditation/what-are-three-basic-principles-of-meditation.html |
Fact: There are 1.2 billion people in the world who live in absolute poverty (living on less than $1 a day). 75% of these people live in rural areas.
There are three main types of settlement: nucleated, dispersed and linear. Rural settlements tend to be dispersed or nucleated.
- Nucleated: buildings are clustered together, usually around a central point. They can vary in shape and size (e.g. a hamlet or a village)
- Dispersed: buildings (e.g. farms) are scattered across the countryside, often in highland areas. Villages are often surrounded by dispersed settlements
- Linear: a settlement that is built along a line (usually along a transport route)
Case Study: Rural Settlement in Ethiopia
Facts
- More than 75% of the population depends on agriculture
- Only 13% of the land can be used for crop production, as the rest is forest, mountain, savanna and pasture land. In fact, Ethopia is the most mountanious country in Africa!
- The majority of people live in villages or are nomadic pastoralists (farmers who move from place to place to find good pasture)
- Most people live in the Ethiopian Highlights where there is plenty of rainfall (for crops). Although there are steep slopes, there are also plateaus which provide flat land are are intensely cultivated. Barley, wheat, maize, peas and beans are grown.
Korodegaga village
- Collection of small hamlets south of Addis Ababa
- Population of 1400 living in 300 houses
- First settled by nomadic pasturalists
- Two rivers nearby, however there is a lack of rain
- Flat fertile soil
- Shops and markets 8-25km away
Settlement Hierarchy
Urban Settlements
In MEDCs, most people live in urban areas. These areas usually having a large sphere of influence
Urban areas provide high order services (goods or sevices bought infrequently and are often expensive). They also sell comparison goods, such as furniture and clothing. People are more likely to travel further to buy these, so they have a big range (the distance people are prepared to travel).
The minimum number of people needed to make a profit is the threshold population. Urban areas usually have high threshold populations.
Functions of Urban Settlements
Market town: Farmers buy and sell goods
Found near farming areas with services such as shops and office. There will also be good transport links
Port: Where goods are loaded and unloaded by ship
Found near sheltered harbours and industrial areas for imports/export. There is also flat land for building
Industrial town: here many people work in factories
Found on or near coalfields. There will be old housing and factories built close to eachother with new industrial estates on the outskirts near main roads for transport
Resort: a place where tourists visit to enjoy themselves
May be on the coast with beaches or in scenic inland aread. Will have good rail and road links near to industrial areas with hotels and entertainment
Case Study: Urban Land Use in Barcelona
Location and Function
Barcelona is loacted on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. Its traditional manufacturing industries have been decling and are being replaced by service industries and high-tech industrial parks.
Land Use
The CBD has narrow streets, alleyways and small squares, as this is the medieval part of the city.
The area to the south of the medieval city (El Raval) has factories and high-rise tenemant blocks, constructed during the Industrial revolution for workers to live.
The north of the CBD on the slopes of the hills have large villas, making up the high residential zone (Collserolla Hills).
However, old factories and industries are now being changed into high-tech industrial parks. An example of a change has been the 1992 Olympic Games Park which was constructed on an abandoned factory site.
Urbanisation
- The increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities
- Where people move from rural areas (countryside) to urban areas (towns and cities)
- Before 1950, most urbanisation took place in Europe and North America in the 19th and early 20th centuries
- Since 1950, urbanisation has slowed in MEDCs and increased in LEDCs (such as South America, Asia and Africa)
- LEDCs are urbanising as of push factors of rural areas (lack of resources, lack of work). People also believe that the standard of living in urban areas is a lot higher than rural areas with greater opportunities.
Case Study: Urbanisation in Mumbai
Urbanisation in India is taking place at a faster rate than anywhere else in the world.
By 2030, 41% of India's population will be living in urban areas. Presently, millions of Indians have access to the Internet, mobile phones and TV network.
People are moving to seek a higher quality of life, a western lifestyle and job opportunities.
Problems of urbanisation in Mumbai
- Great strain on urban infrastructure e.g. road networks and public transport, water supplies, power supplies, hospitals and schools
- Overcrowded - resulting in slums e.g. Dharavi. There are huge contrasts between the rich and the poor.
Urban Problems
- Parts become run down and undesirable
- Hard to cope with large numbers of people
- Efforts to provide homes, services, transportation and jobs losing the race against rapid population growth
- Noise pollution
- Increase in crime
- Overcrowdedness
- Traffic conjestion
Solving these problems:
Comprehensive redevelopment: When all the buildings are knocked down and the area is commpletely rebuilt
Urban Regeneration: Renevation of existing housing and improvement of the environment and economy (e.g. double glazing, cleaning outside of houses, improving social facilities)
Case Study: Urban Problems and Solutions in Cairo
Problems
- Rapid growth from 2 million to 18 million by 2000 as a result of urban migration and natural increase
- Increasing demands for piped water, sewers, schools, paved roads and electricity
- Traffic congestion, along with noise, air and water pollution
- Lack of housing: half a million people live in homemade huts on roof spaces of office blocks and flats
- Lack of jobs: jobs for unskilled workers are very hard to find with low salaries
Solutions
- New sateillite and dormitory towns built around the city
- Ring road built, encircling the city
- People with donkey carts licensed to collect and recycle garbage
- Homes and public services upgraded in the most run down parts of the city
- Modern metro system built
- Greater Cairo Waste Water Project to extend and repair the sewage system
Urban Sprawl
50% of the planet's population lives in fast-growing congested cities. As populations increase in urban areas, urban sprawl takes place.
Urban sprawl tends to be unplanned in LEDCs and planned in MEDCs. However, in both cases the urban area expands into the countryside, affecting people and changing the environment at the rural-urban fringe.
Case Study: Urban Sprawl in Atlanta
Between 2000 and 2006, Atlanta added 1 million residents to its total - the fastest-growing metropolitan city in the USA.
Atlanta was established in the 1840s in woodland. It was called the 'City of the Forest' with good railway lines to the south-east USA. An airport was built and it became a financial centre. Recently, population growth has been caused by newcomers from cities around the Great Lakes where unemployment is high. Others have moved to Atlanta's relatively cheap housing.
Problems
- Traffic congestion
- Air quality decrease
- Water quality and quantity decrease
- Agricultural land lost to developments
- Loss of ecosystems
- Impermeable surfaces means that floods are more likely
- Cultural loss
- Hotlanta - the removal of trees and increase in concrete has encouraged more heat build up and temperatures have rose to up to 10 degrees celcius than the countryside. | https://getrevising.co.uk/revision-cards/settlement_revision_cards_2 |
convenient label for this exciting age of intellectual and artistic revival,
which continued through the sixteenth century. But since the Renaissance had
deep roots in the Middle Ages, which also made rich contributions to
civilization, in what ways can the Renaissance be said to signify a "rebirth"?
First of all, there was an intensification of interest in the literature
of classical Greece and Rome. This Classical Revival, as it is called, was the
product of a more wordly focus of interest - a focus on human beings and on
this life as an end in itself rather than a temporary halting place on the way
to eternity. Renaissance scholars searched the monasteries for old Latin
manuscripts that had been unappreciated and largely ignored by medieval
scholars, and they translated hitherto unknown works from Greek into Latin,
the common language of scholarly discourse. Thus the humanists, as these
scholars were called, greatly added to the quantity of classical literature
that had been entering the mainstream of Western thought since the Middle
Ages. Second, while Renaissance scholars found a new significance in classical
literature, artists in Italy were stimulated and inspired by their study and
imitation of classical sculpture and architecture.
But the spirit of the Renaissance was not characterized by a mere cult of
antiquity, a looking backward into the past. The humanists of the Renaissance
were - except for a lack of interest in science - the harbingers of the modern
world, enthusiastically engaged in widening the horizon of human interests.
Renaissance culture strikingly exhibits belief in the worth of the individual
and the desire to think and act as a free agent. The Renaissance spirit was
admirably summed up by the Florentine humanist Leon Battista Alberti, when he
declared, "Men can do all things if they will."
In some respects every age is an age of transition, but it may be fair to
state that the Renaissance marks one of the major turning points in Western
civilization. The dominant institutions and thought systems of the Middle Ages
were in decline; scholasticism, church authority, and conformity were on the
wane. A more modern culture that depended on individualism, skepticism, and
ultimately on science was taking its place.
The Renaissance originated in the cities of central and northern Italy.
We shall begin with a description of the new secular interests and values that
rose in these urban centers, then note the relationship between these urban
interests and the Classical Revival and flowering of art, and conclude with a
discussion of the spread of the Renaissance as it crossed the Alps to France,
Germany, and England. It was in England that the underlying optimism and
dynamism of the entire Renaissance period was epitomized by Shakespeare:
O, wonder!
How many goodly creatures are there here!
How beauteous mankind is! O brave new
world,
That has such people in't! ^1
[Footnote 1: The Tempest, act 5, sc. 1, lines 182-185.]
The Italian Renaissance: The Background
The culture of the Italian Renaissance did not arise in a vacuum.
Historians today find a clue to the intellectual and esthetic changes of the
age in economic, social, and political change.
The "Brave New World" Of The Italian City-States
We have seen in chapter 10 that during the twelfth and thirteenth
centuries of the High Middle Ages a new economy and a new society emerged in
western Europe. Commerce and a money economy revived, towns arose and became
self-governing communes, and townspeople constituted a new middle class, the
bourgeoisie. While Italy had been one of the leaders in these twelfth- and
thirteenth-century developments, during the next two centuries it moved
dramatically ahead of the rest of Europe.
During the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries the city-states of northern
and central Italy experienced a tremendous growth of population and expanded
to become small teritorial states. These included the Papal States, where the
restored authority of the popes extinguished the independence of many little
city-states in central Italy. Feudalism had died out in Italy during the
twelfth and thirteenth centuries.
Unlike the French nobility, who spent their time participating in the
vigorous court life of their fellow nobles, the Italian nobles moved to the
cities and joined with the rich merchants to form a patrician ruling class.
Together they successfully fought off the German emperors Frederick Barbarossa
and Frederick II. By 1300 nearly all the land of northern and central Italy
was owned by profit-seeking urban capitalists who produced for city markets.
In the large export industries, such as woolen cloth, a capitalistic system of
production was emerging - the "putting out" system in which the
merchant-capitalist retained ownership of the raw material and paid others to
work it into the finished product. Additional great wealth was gained from
commerce, particularly the import-export trade in luxury goods from the East.
So much wealth was accumulated by these merchant-capitalists that they turned
to money-lending and banking. From the thirteenth to the fifteenth centuries,
Italians monopolized European banking. It is no wonder that in this
prosperous, worldly Italian society, money transformed values and became a new
virtue, celebrated in poetry:
Money makes the man,
Money makes the stupid pass for bright, ...
Money buys the pleasure-giving women,
Money keeps the soul in bliss, ...
The world and fortune being ruled by it,
Which even opens, if you want, the doors of
paradise.
So wise he seems to me who piles up
What more than any other virtue
Conquers gloom and leavens the whole spirit. ^2
[Footnote 2: Quoted in Lauro Martines, Power and Imagination: City States in
Renaissance Italy (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979), p. 83.]
These economic and political successes made the Italian upper-class
groups strongly assertive, self-confident, and passionately attached to their
city-states. Literature and art reflected their self-confidence. Poets
described them riding "self-assuredly through the streets"; every major
sculptor and painter produced their portraits, sometimes tucked away in
corners of religious paintings; and architects affirmed their importance by
constructing their imposing palaces - the palazzi of the Medici, Rucellai,
Pitti, and Pazzi families, for example, still standing in Florence.
Furthermore, the humanists provided them with an ideology. The humanists'
focus on individuals and society, and their insistent theme of "the dignity of
man," were entirely in keeping with the outlook, manners, and accomplishments
of the dominant urban groups. These groups patronized the new more secular art
and the new secular values, both largely alien to the church-dominated culture
of the Middle Ages.
Renaissance Patrons
The despots and the wealthy merchants, bankers, and maufacturers
conspicuously displayed their wealth and bolstered their own importance and
that of their cities by patronizing artists and humanists. Most of the latter
were provided with governmental, academic, and tutorial posts.
Renaissance artists had the benefit of the security and protection
offered by their patrons and enjoyed the definite advantage of working
exclusively on commission. Artists knew where their finished work would
repose, in cathedral, villa, or city square. This situation contrasts with
some later periods, when artists painted as they wished and then attempted to
sell the work to anyone who would buy it.
Among the most famous patrons were members of the Medici family who, by
acting as champions of the lower classes, ruled Florence for sixty years
(1434-1494) behind a facade of republican forms. Lorenzo de' Medici, who was
first citizen of Florence from 1469 until his death in 1492, carried on his
family's proud traditions and added so much luster to Florence that he became
known as Lorenzo the Magnificent. When he added up the principal expenditures
made by his family between 1434 and 1471 for commissions to artists and
architects, as well as for charities and taxes, and it came to the astounding
total of 663,755 gold florins, he remarked: "I think it casts a brilliant
light on our estate and it seems to me that the monies were well spent and I
am very well pleased with this." ^3
[Footnote 3: Lauro Martines, Power and Imagination, p. 243.]
The Renaissance popes, with few expections as worldly as their fellow
citizens, were lavish patrons who made Rome the foremost center of art and
learning by 1500. What Pope Nicholas V (1447-1455) said of himself applies to
most of the Renaissance popes through the pontificate of Clement VII
(1523-1534), who was a member of the Medici family: "In all things I have been
liberal: in building, in the purchase of books [the Vatican Library is still
one of the world's greatest], in the constant transcription of Greek and Latin
manuscripts, and in the rewarding of learned men." | http://history-world.org/italren1.htm |
The world is moving towards a fundamental shift where our physical reality will soon blend with a virtual one. This idea opens up an entirely new frontier in which our experiences and our realities will be extended in ways we could have never imagined. In this near future, the possibilities for AR are endless.
Brands can attract and engage customers with more immersive and interactive experiences not bounded by physical constraints. Employees can learn how to operate equipments more effectively in complex assembly lines, reducing cost and risks for businesses. Students can visualize complicated diagrams in 3D, improving academic performance. Consumer products, instruction manuals and textbooks are just a small fraction of static objects that can be brought to life.
For mass adoption of AR to occur, content must persist in the real world across space, time and devices. The 3D virtual art will “live” in that space as if it’s really there and will not disappear between different app sessions. Multi-user, occlusion are two additional functions that are key to augmented reality adoption. To enable these abilities and a streamlined experience, the “AR Cloud” is needed.
Authors:
Alex Chuang, Shape Immersive
Amy LaMeyer, EnteringVR
Colin Steinmann, Bent Image Lab / youAR
Gabriel Rene, VERSES
Mikko Karvonen, Immersal
Sam Beder, Ubiquity6
Steven Swanson, VERSES
Contributors: | https://www.thevrara.com/blog2/2019/4/16/ar-cloud-white-paper |
What is socialism? The principles and characteristics of socialism cannot be formulated idealistically, on the basis of the abstract concepts isolated from real social movements and from the practice of socialism in nations where socialist revolutions have triumphed. If we observe popular movements and socialist nations through encounter, with a listening that seeks understanding, we learn that the meaning of socialism has evolved over the last two centuries, and that there are a diversity and plurality of socialist practices. But we also can discern that there are common practices in socialist nations. Twelve such practices can be identified, on the basis of observation of two nations that once were socialist (Russia in the time of Lenin and Chile under Allende) and six nations that continue to develop socialist projects (China, Vietnam, Cuba, Venezuela, Bolivia and Ecuador). These twelve practices have not been fully developed in all eight cases, but they can be identified as general patterns.
(1) Power is in the hands of delegates of the people. Socialist nations seek to develop a political process that is an alternative to representative democracy, which is a type of government originally created by Western bourgeois revolutions and subsequently developed by the Western powers. Representative democracy is susceptible to elite control, for it is able to impose a debt on elected officials through its capacity to finance election campaigns, and it is able to frame and manipulate public discourse by virtue of its ownership of the media of communication and as a result of its capacity to fund think tanks. As an alternative to representative democracy, socialist nations have developed popular democracy, which is established on a foundation of a multitude of small popular assemblies. The people meet in numerous local assemblies in order to discuss problems and issues and to make recommendations, and this structure of face-to-face dialogue weakens the capacity for ideological manipulation by a wealthy class. The popular assemblies also meet to select delegates to serve in a higher level of popular power. The elected delegates in turn select delegates to serve in a still higher level, until ultimately the highest political authority of the nation is established. In socialist nations, citizens who serve in the highest levels tend to have the same demographic characteristics as the people: they are professionals, workers, peasants, students, women, and members of ethnic groups. Political parties tend not to participate in the selection of those who hold political authority. Political parties play more of a role of educating, disseminating ideas, and participating in the public discourse. Citizens who hold political authority are selected by the people without mediation by political parties, and they are selected on the basis of personal characteristics that they possess. In some socialist countries, like Cuba, representative democracy has been eliminated, and the country is governed through structures of popular power; in others, like Venezuela, structures of representative democracy and popular democracy exist side-by-side.
(2) Sovereignty. The nations of the Third World are historically colonized. Their most important economic, political, and cultural institutions were under the control of the colonizers. They successfully struggled to attain political independence, but the independence that they achieved was not a true independence, as a result of the fact that the colonial powers were able to preserve important economic and commercial structures established during colonialism. The transition to neocolonialism was accomplished with the help of the collusion of the national bourgeoisie in the newly independent nations, and neocolonial control is reinforced by financial and ideological penetration and political maneuvering of the neocolonial power(s). When neocolonial control breaks down, the global powers turn to military intervention, under any pretext. Responding to this neocolonial situation, socialist nations of the Third World affirm the true sovereignty of the nation as a fundamental principle. They maintain that each nation has the right to decide on its type of government and form of development, and the right to control over its natural resources and the cultural formation of its people. In their quest for definitive independence, the socialist nations have played a leading role in the Non-Aligned Movement and in the processes of South-South cooperation. (See various posts in the categories of Neocolonialism, Latin American and Caribbean unity and integration, and South-South cooperation).
(3) Cooperation among nations. The socialist nations of the Third World maintain that the world-system should be guided by the principle of cooperation among nations, and they have tried to develop cooperative relations with other nations. This has not always been possible, because the global powers have adopted a policy of conflict toward the socialist nations. But the socialist governments have historically welcomed opportunities of cooperation with other governments. Today, as the crisis of the world-system deepens, and as the incapacity of the global powers to respond constructively to the crisis becomes manifest, many progressive governments are taking the road of cooperation with the socialist governments. This can been seen with respect to the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC for its initials in Spanish) and the BRICS, which are multi-national associations that seek to develop mutually beneficially commerce as well as social and cultural exchanges. These associations are establishing in practice an alternative model for humanity: the development of a world-system based on cooperation and mutual respect rather than conflict and domination. (See declarations emitted by CELAC and BRICS).
(4) Solidarity among peoples. Parallel with the principle of cooperation among nations, socialism has practiced solidarity among peoples. There are numerous examples of persons who, driven by commitment to social justice, have gone to other countries to join in a political struggle for liberation. Socialism calls for international support for any people confronting hardship, whether its roots be political, commercial, or climatic. Socialist governments participate in solidarity among peoples, by fostering cultural, academic and sports exchange among peoples; as well as by coming to the support of another nation in difficulty, as is illustrated by the support of the Cuban government for the government of Angola in the 1980s, and by the sending of medical missions to Africa by Cuba in response to the Ebola epidemic of 2015.
(5) Social and economic rights. The concept that democratic rights include the social and economic rights is one of the most important principles of socialism, and socialist governments have invested considerable resources to national projects that seek to provide a minimal standard of living, adequate nutrition and housing, access to education, and health services. Socialism maintains that these goods and services, necessary for living well and in dignity, should never be distributed solely on the basis of market principles, and it maintains that decisive state action is necessary to ensure that the economic and social rights of all persons are protected.
(6) State directed economic development plans and various forms of property. There has been some tendency to think that the nationalization of the means of production is the defining characteristic of socialism. It is true that nationalization of the major means of production has been an important feature of socialist nations. However, socialist nations in practice have sanctioned other forms of property as well, giving varying degrees of emphasis to them in accordance with productive and commercial needs under particular conditions. These forms of property, in addition to state ownership, include joint ventures with foreign capital, cooperatives, medium and small-scale capitalist enterprises, and private entrepreneurship. What has distinguished the socialist nations is the central role of the state as an economic actor and as the author of a national plan for economic development. In socialist nations, economic development is not left to market demands, nor do capitalists’ interests shape economic policy. Economic policies are developed by the state in representation of the interests of the majority of the people. When socialist states grant space to private capitalist enterprises, they have made the judgment that such a policy can contribute to the production and distribution of goods and services, always a pressing concern, and as such it is beneficial to the people and to the long-term development of the nation. It is an error to think that when a socialist nation grants space to foreign or domestic capital, it is no longer socialist.
(7) Diversity in production. Most socialist revolutions came to power in conditions in which the economy of the nation was characterized by the exportation of two or three raw materials and the importation of a variety manufactured goods and food products. This created a situation of economic and political dependency on the international market and on one or two core nations that were the destiny of its exports and the source of its imports. In order to facilitate true independence, the socialist nations have tried to strengthen and diversify their manufacturing and agricultural productivity. This is often a difficult challenge, as a result of limited capital.
(8) Public media. Socialist governments have sought to place the media of information under public control. Socialism does not believe that state ownership of the media restricts freedom of speech. To the contrary, it maintains that private ownership of the media limits and distorts the awareness of the people, and this places constraints on their capacity to freely develop as persons. When there is state ownership of the media, the directorship of the various networks and outlets of the media are appointed by ministers of the state, which are appointed by political authorities that are directly and indirectly elected by the people. This implies that editorial judgements, rather than being guided by the particular interests of corporations and the powerful, ultimately must respond to the political leaders of the people, thus increasing the possibility that the media will serve the public good. Some socialist nations, like Cuba, have entirely eliminated private ownership of the media; others, like Venezuela, have invested in the expansion of the public media at the international, national and local levels, which exists alongside a regulated privately-owned media.
(9) Gender equality. Socialist nations have been at the forefront of the struggle for the rights of women. They have been guided by the principle of the full participation of women in the construction of a socialist society, including positions of authority in political and economic institutions. This has been accomplished in a form that has not been conflictive. In Cuba, for example, the struggle for gender equality has been consistently presented as “a women’s revolution within the socialist revolution,” and it has been supported from the beginning by the highest levels of leadership of the socialist revolution.
(10) Ecological sustainability. Socialist nations were not at the forefront of the ecology movement prior to 1990. However, beginning in 1992, the socialist nations began to integrate the issue of the protection of the environment into its comprehensive project for the creation of an alternative, more just and sustainable world-system. It has recognized and proclaimed that the current patterns of production and consumption of the world-system are unsustainable, and that they are likely to lead to climatic and ecological consequences that could threaten the survival of the human species. While they recognize that all nations have a responsibility toward nature, they also insist on a “differentiated responsibility,” in which the industrialized nations of the North, which are primarily responsible for environmental degradation and have greater resources, take a particular responsibility for responding to the environmental crisis that threatens all of humanity. Within their own nations, socialist nations seek to protect the environment, to the extent that their resources permit, and taking into account that they must balance ecological issues with the need to provide for the basic necessities of the people (see “Sustainable development” 11/12/13).
(11) Patriotism. Inasmuch as the popular struggles in the Third World were struggles for the sovereignty of the nations, their charismatic leaders were great patriots, and they called the people to patriotic service of their nation. Ho Chin Minh, for example, formed in the tradition of Confucian nationalism, at the age of 29 took the name of Nguyen the Patriot. Fidel Castro, educated in the nationalist tradition formed by the Cuban revolutionary José Martí, constantly invoked patriotic symbols in his discourses. Revolutionary patriotism in the Third World, however, is completely unlike patriotism in the North, where politicians manipulate the patriotic sentiments of the people in order to induce them to support unjust and imperialist wars. In the Third World, the patriotic sentiments of the people are invoked in order to defend the sovereignty and the dignity of the nation against imperialist interventions. The meaning and context of patriotism varies greatly, depending on which side of the colonial divide it is found (see “Revolutionary patriotism” 8/15/2013).
(12) Spirituality and revolutionary faith. Third World socialist revolutions have been guided by spirituality. Revolutionary spirituality draws from and is influenced by religious traditions. Ho Chi Minh, for example, was formed by Confucian scholars; and Fidel was educated in Catholic schools. But revolutionary spirituality re-expresses religious spirituality. It proclaims the essential dignity of the human species, and it calls upon all to live in accordance with human dignity and to fulfill duties toward humanity as a whole and to nature. Revolutionary spirituality sets aside the cynicism of the North, and it is based on faith in the future of humanity. As the Cuban essayist Cintio Virtier has observed, it is “a revolutionary faith in the potentialities of the human being.” It is an “uncontainable force” that “sees in history what is not yet visible” (2006:197). This faith is the source of revolutionary sacrifice. When it looks at the structures of domination and exploitation in our world, it does not escape to other-worldliness or to personal acquisitions; rather, it proclaims that “a better world is possible.” (See “Universal human values” 4/16/2014 and “The revolutionary faith of Fidel” 9/15/2014).
Socialism cannot be implemented from above. The global elite has demonstrated, particularly since 1980, its indifference to the long-term wellbeing of their own nations and of the peoples of the earth as well as to the sustainability of the earth itself. In the countries of the North, where socialism has not triumphed, the people must take political and economic power away from the global elite. How can this be done? We should form an understanding of the answer to this question by observing how Third World socialist movements were able to do it. This will be the subject of our next post.
Reference
Vitier, Cintio. 2006. Ese Sol del Mundo Moral. La Habana: Editorial Félix Varela. | http://www.globallearning-cuba.com/blog-umlthe-view-from-the-southuml/the-twelve-practices-of-socialism |
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UPDATE March 14: Parishes in Contra Costa County required to restrict Mass attendance
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Updates and directives
On March 14,, Contra Costa County issued a decree banning all gatherings of 100 or more people under penalty of misdemeanor, from March 15-31. Exemptions were given for classrooms and hospitals, airports and dormitories, and homeless camps. But no exceptions were made for houses of worship. Sunday Masses in our Contra Costa County parishes will proceed as follows: 1. Priests may still conduct Mass for up to 100 people. Attendance may already be down because of the dispensation from the Sunday obligation and general health concern. 2. Mass may be cancelled. (The extreme option). 3. At the suggestion of some pastors, an excellent middle option: Expose the Blessed Sacrament on the Altar all day Sunday. People can come in and pray at the time of their convenience. A priest or deacon can be available all day to offer Holy Communion. Give the people a leaflet with Sunday Scripture and a short reflection, which they could take home for further prayer. This will diffuse the attendance, let people spread out in the church, and still offer them spiritual nourishment and support. | https://oakdiocese.org/news/parishes-in-contra-costa-county-required-to-restrict-mass-attendance |
One’s music taste says a lot about them. The musical genres, artists, or themes that they enjoy suggest much about their personality, life, beliefs, and thousands of other traits that make up a person. It could be argued that one with a wide-ranging and diverse music taste says more about a person than one who confines their enjoyment to a singular genre.
Which is exactly why it makes so much sense that so many of the students at this school declared themselves devoted fans of every single genre in existence.
Of 193 students surveyed, 20.3% declared that they had no definite favorite genre and “just listen to whatever,” in the words of freshman Payton Christensen. Many students noted that they simply enjoyed listening to music and didn’t consider genre a defining factor in the music that they choose to enjoy. Others noted that they just listen to music that fits their mood, no matter what genre fits at the time.
“I really like anything,” freshman Dylan Collins said, while also affirming an enjoyment of the American pop rock band Imagine Dragons. He stated that he can “get into any genre, since music is music.”
At a close second to the all-encompassing option was pop music, with 27% of the vote. Pop music is a genre that, fittingly, encompasses nearly as much variety as the first-place pick does. As pop music is a shortened form of “popular music,” one could argue that any artist with a decent amount of commercial success can be considered “pop,” from Metallica to Eminem.
However, in recent years, pop music evolved into a separate genre, usually marked by upbeat production often involving electronic instruments, catchy hooks, and danceability, though these stereotypes are not true 100% of the time. Freshman Liberty Wilkins stated her favorite genre was pop specifically because it “can be chill,” particularly in the genre of bedroom pop, which has thrived during the pandemic. Google searches for the genre saw an increase as stay-at-home orders had begun to be put in place.
One Hawk, Jenna Vanderhulst, states that her favorite genre is the foreign pop subgenre K-pop, or Korean pop.
“I really think that K-pop has a lot of energy, but I don’t understand the lyrics, personally,” she said. “So, it makes it easier for me to focus on my work, because I can have my own thoughts, but then I can have music that still has lyrics and it’s not just classical, […] I’m not just trying to understand the meaning.”
Many lesser-known genres made an appearance in the results of the poll as well. Reggaeton, a form of Latin music influenced by American hip-hop and Caribbean music made famous in the States by the endlessly meme-able hit “Despacito,” was mentioned on the list at one point. Lo-fi, a form that combines jazz and hip-hop marked by imperfections in the sound such as vinyl record crackle, was also proclaimed by one student to be their favorite.
Many popular genres ranked lower on the list than expected. Rock music came in 4th place, only capturing 18 votes, a mere 9.4% of students surveyed. Hip-hop, which, according to Billboard, has been the biggest genre on the charts since 2017, only brought in 13.5% of the vote.
In the end, the findings of the article suggest many things about not just the types of entertainment that the student body in general enjoys, but also something deep and personal about each individual who responded. Jenna certainly thinks so.
“[…] It’s just a small school in Gilbert, but we’re able to get music from all over the world and the country and just listen to it, and I think it broadens your view on a person…like personality, or just anything about them, and it just shows something to say that this school has a variety,” she said. | https://highlandsun.net/2354/features/soaring-sounds-hawks-favorite-music-genres/ |
Thousands of developers, artists, designers, students and educators host thousands of projects on OpenProcessing — both open and closed source — and we're honored to play a part in enabling collaboration across the community every day. Together, we all have an exciting opportunity and responsibility to make this a community we can be proud of.
OpenProcessing users worldwide bring wildly different perspectives, ideas, and experiences, and range from people who created their first "rect(0,0,100,100)" project last week to the most well-known developers, artists in the world. We are committed to making OpenProcessing a welcoming environment for all the different voices and perspectives in our community, while maintaining a space where people are free to express themselves.
We rely on our community members to communicate expectations, moderate their projects, and abusive behavior or content. We do not actively seek out content to moderate. By outlining what we expect to see within our community, we hope to help you understand how best to collaborate on OpenProcessing, and what type of actions or content may violate our Terms of Service. We will investigate any abuse reports and may moderate public content on our site that we determine to be in violation of our Terms of Service.
Building a strong community
The primary purpose of the OpenProcessing community is to share and collaborate on creative coding projects. We want people to create, experiment, learn and work better together. Although we maintain the site, this is a community we build together, and we need your help to make it the best it can be.
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Be welcoming and open-minded - Other collaborators may not have the same experience level or background as you, but that doesn't mean they don't have good ideas to contribute. We encourage you to be welcoming to new collaborators on your sketches and discussions.
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Assume no malice - Humans make mistakes, and disagreements or differences of opinion are a fact of life. Try to approach conflict from the perspective that people generally mean well. This will promote a respectful and friendly atmosphere where people feel comfortable asking questions, participating in discussions, and making contributions.
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Stay on topic - People use OpenProcessing to create, experiment and to collaborate. Off topic comments are a distraction (sometimes welcome, but usually not) from getting these done. Staying on topic helps produce positive, encouraging and collaborative discussions.
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Be clear - Communicating with strangers on the Internet can be awkward. It's hard to convey or read tone, and sarcasm is frequently misunderstood. Try to use clear language, and think about how it will be received by the other person.
What if something or someone offends you?
We rely on the community to let us know when an issue needs to be addressed. We do not actively monitor the site for offensive content. If you run into something or someone on the site that you find objectionable, here are some tools OpenProcessing provides to help you take action immediately:
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Moderate Comments - If you have are the owner of the related sketch, you can flag and remove anyone's comments by clicking on the flag icon under the comment. If you see an abusive comment on another sketch, you can flag and .
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Moderate Sketches - If you see an abusive sketch, you can .
Of course, you can always contact us to if you need more help dealing with a situation.
What is not allowed?
We are committed to maintaining a community where users are free to express themselves and challenge one another's ideas, both technical and otherwise. Such discussions, however, are unlikely to foster fruitful dialog when ideas are silenced because community members are being shouted down or are afraid to speak up. That means you should be respectful and civil at all times, and refrain from attacking others on the basis of who they are. We do not tolerate behavior that crosses the line into the following:
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Threats of violence - You may not threaten violence towards others or use the site to organize, promote, or incite acts of real-world violence or terrorism. Think carefully about the words you use, the images you post, and even the sketch you write, and how they may be interpreted by others. Even if you mean something as a joke, it might not be received that way. If you think that someone else might interpret the content you post as a threat, or as promoting violence or terrorism, stop. Don't post it on OpenProcessing. In extraordinary cases, we may report threats of violence to law enforcement if we think there may be a genuine risk of physical harm or a threat to public safety.
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What happens if someone breaks the rules?
There are a variety of actions that we may take when a user reports inappropriate behavior or content. It usually depends on the exact circumstances of a particular case. We recognize that sometimes people may say or do inappropriate things for any number of reasons. Perhaps they did not realize how their words would be perceived. Or maybe they just let their emotions get the best of them. Of course, sometimes, there are folks who just want to spam or cause trouble.
Each case requires a different approach, and we try to tailor our response to meet the needs of the situation that has been reported. We'll review each abuse report on a case-by-case basis. In each case, we will investigate the content and surrounding facts and respond as appropriate, using these guidelines to guide our decision.
Actions we may take in response to an abuse report include but are not limited to:
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These guidelines are provided under public domain, and are slightly modified version of Github Community Guidelines, which is also under public domain for anyone to use, reuse, adapt, or whatever, under the terms of CC0-1.0.
These are only guidelines; they do not modify our Terms of Service and are not intended to be a complete list. OpenProcessing retains full discretion under the Terms of Service to remove any content or terminate any accounts for activity that violates our Terms on Acceptable Use. These guidelines describe when we will exercise that discretion. | https://blog.openprocessing.org/home/comg |
In rivers, water flow can influence water chemistry, habitat, population dynamics, and water temperature (Schindler et al., 2007). Specific information on the effect of climate change on hydrology can be found in Section 1.3.2. Increasing river temperatures have been associated with increased biological demand and decreased dissolved oxygen, without changes in flow (Ozaki et al., 2003). Riverine dissolved organic carbon concentrations have doubled in some cases because of increased carbon release in the catchment as temperature has risen (Worrall et al., 2003).
Abundance, distribution and migration
Climate-related changes in rivers have affected species abundance, distribution and migration patterns. While warmer water temperatures in many rivers have positively influenced the breeding success of fish (Fruget et al., 2001; Grenouillet et al., 2001; Daufresne et al., 2004), the stressful period associated with higher water temperatures for salmonids has lengthened as water temperatures have increased commensurate with air temperatures in some locations (Bartholow, 2005). In the Rhône River there have been significant changes in species composition as southern, thermophilic fish and invertebrate species have progressively replaced cold-water species (Doledec et al., 1996; Daufresne et al., 2004). Correlated with long-term increases in water temperature, the timing of fish migrations in large rivers in North America has advanced by up to 6 weeks in some years (Quinn and Adams, 1996; Huntington et al., 2003; Cooke et al., 2004; Juanes et al., 2004). Increasing air temperatures have been negatively correlated with smolt production (Lawson et al., 2004), and earlier migrations are associated with greater en-route and pre-spawning mortality (up to 90%) (Cooke et al., 2004). Warming in Alpine rivers caused altitudinal habitat shifts upward for brown trout, and there were increased incidences of temperature-dependent kidney disease at the lower-elevational habitat boundary (Hari et al., 2006).
13.4.6 Summary of marine and freshwater biological systems
In marine and freshwater ecosystems, many observed changes in phenology and distribution have been associated with rising water temperatures, as well as changes in salinity, oxygen levels and circulation. While there is increasing evidence for climate change impacts on coral reefs, separating the impacts of climate-related stresses from other stresses (e.g., over-fishing and pollution) is difficult. Globally, freshwater ecosystems are showing changes in organism abundance and productivity, range expansions, and phenological shifts (including earlier fish migrations) that are linked to rising temperatures. Many of these climate-related impacts are now influencing the ways in which marine and freshwater ecosystems function. | https://www.climate-policy-watcher.org/change-impacts-2/info-ikk.html |
The Center for Decision Research (CDR) encourages students who are interested in the study of judgment and decision making, social psychology, or consumer behavior to apply to the Chicago Booth PhD Program with a concentration in marketing or behavioral science. Because judgment and decision making is a rich and multifaceted research area, the CDR is organized around an interdisciplinary spirit, bringing together excellent faculty and students whose interests span social and cognitive psychology, behavioral economics, consumer research, and organizational behavior.
The faculty of the behavioral science group aim to bridge social and cognitive psychology to related fields such as organizational behavior, economics, consumer behavior, public policy, negotiation, and business. Much of the research conducted here investigates the roles of interpersonal perception and social cognition, emotions, subjective well-being and happiness, and conflicting motivations, cultural influences, and more basic cognitive processes and biases in judgment and decision making.
The faculty of the marketing group who are affiliated with the CDR study diverse topics in judgment and decision making and cognitive and social psychology including financial decision making, goals and motivation, decision making under risk and uncertainty, choice architecture, intertemporal choice, heuristics and biases, moral judgment, and causal and statistical reasoning. | https://research.chicagobooth.edu/cdr/phd-program |
Tottenham Hotspur have today announced the signing of Kerys Harrop after she departed Birmingham City earlier in the summer.
The 29-year-old has put pen to paper on a contract with the club that will run until 2022 and will wear the number five shirt.
It is the defender's second club in her career, making her debut with Birmingham at the age of 15 and spending a total of fifteen years with Blues.
'A very exciting challenge'
Speaking when the deal was announced, Harrop spoke of her excitement to play for Spurs:
“Coming to Spurs is a very exciting challenge for me and I know that the Club are heading in a positive direction.
“I want to continue to develop as a player under the management of Karen and Juan, and give my all to the Club both on and off the pitch.
"Having previously played in FA Cup finals and in the Champions League, I want to experience that again and I'm hopeful of doing that here at Spurs."
Career so far
With a total of 135 WSL appearances across her career, Harrop is one of the most experienced players in the division.
Most recently, she was captain of Birmingham City, who she departed at the end of the 2019/20 campaign.
Harrop was part of the Blues’ side who finished runners-up in the Barclays FA Women’s Super League (WSL) for two consecutive seasons in 2011 and then again in 2012, the same year in which they won the Women’s FA Cup.
She has represented the England national team at Under-19 level, winning the European Women’s Under-19 Championship in 2009, as well as at Under-23 level and was called up to the senior squad in 2013. | https://www.vavel.com/en/football/2020/07/23/womens-football/1029565-kerys-harrop-joins-tottenham-hotspur.html |
A side event at the UNFCCC-COP20 Lima Climate Change Conference in December heard how commercializing goods derived from native biodiversity ("BioTrade") can be complemented by climate change mitigation and adaptation measures to unleash private sector engagement.
Modernizing agriculture need not leave women behind, Rwanda meeting hears
25 Nov 2014
The modernization of agriculture and Rwanda's increasing integration into the world's economy can play a catalytic role in rural development and creating jobs for women, experts said at a meeting organized by UNCTAD and the Rwanda's Ministry of Trade and Industry in Kigali, Rwanda on 12 November.
Stakeholders identify tools and recommendations for sustainability practices at the III BioTrade Congress in Pyeongchang, Korea
16 Oct 2014
Participants at the III BioTrade Congress recognised the value of partnerships and cooperation by all stakeholders involved in the sustainable use and sourcing of biodiversity-based products and services.
Corporate actions and targeted policies can support gender equality in developing countries
13 Oct 2014
The potential positive impact of foreign investment on women's empowerment through the creation of formal employment and business linkages is considerable, but the operations of transnational corporations (TNCs) also risk increasing women's vulnerability in the workplace or exacerbating gender inequality, a new UNCTAD report has found.
UNCTAD Secretary-General Kituyi hails the entry into force of the Nagoya Protocol to the Convention on Biological Diversity
8 Oct 2014
The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), enters into force, having secured the required number of ratifications by Parties to the CBD, on 12 October 2014.
UNCTAD hears SIDS leaders’ call for special international support measures
3 Sep 2014
A high-level panel discussion on SIDS and the question of graduation from Least Developed Country status, jointly organized by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the United Nations Development Progamme (UNDP), took place on 2nd September 2014 at the Third International Conference on Small Island Developing States.
FDI in Small Islands Developing States: Its limitations and potential
1 Sep 2014
On the occasion of the third United Nations Conference on SIDS taking place in Samoa, the current issue of the UNCTAD Global Investment Trends Monitor reviews a decade of foreign direct investment (FDI) to Small Islands Developing States (SIDS) and foresees its potential.
UNCTAD places trade at the heart of sustainable development agenda beyond 2015
8 May 2014
The sixth session of the Trade and Development Commission included an informal meeting in the afternoon of its first day to consider “The Role of International Trade in the Post-2015 Development Agenda”.
UNCTAD Second Geneva Dialogue explores links between international trade talks and post-2015 development goals
4 Apr 2014
Building on the international trade agreement reached in Bali should link into efforts to establish global development goals for after 2015, UNCTAD Secretary-General Mukhisa Kituyi said during the Second Geneva Dialogue on the Post-2015 Sustainable Development Agenda. | https://unctad.org/news-search?f%5B0%5D=published_date%3A2014&f%5B1%5D=thematic%3A1121&f%5B2%5D=thematic%3A1122&f%5B3%5D=thematic%3A1226&f%5B4%5D=thematic%3A1382 |
General purpose:
Working collaboratively with Academic Affairs leadership, the Director will provide vision and expertise for implementing the international education initiatives and overall mission of the College. The Director also provides leadership to establish the International Education Office as a gateway to global engagement and a strategic partner in creating an internationally progressive learning and arts environment.
Summary of Essential Functions:
- Manage and provide leadership on comprehensive internationalization and campus wide international programs: international degree seeking undergraduate and graduate students, study abroad, faculty & student exchanges.
- Develop new international programs and partnerships, and help coordinate the College's global engagement efforts to ensure relevance in contemporary global art and design making.
- Serve as the primary liaison between the Office of International Education and Student Affairs, Enrollment Services, Admissions, Open Studies, Undergraduate Studies, Graduate Studies, and Advancement.
- Support MICA’s efforts toward equity, diversity and inclusion, including curricular support, student services, and outreach functions.
- Ensure MICA’s compliance with the Student and Visitor Exchange Information System (SEVIS).
Essential Duties & Responsibilities:
- Serve as Primary Designated School Officer (PDSO) and Responsible Officer (RO) with responsibility for institutional compliance with the Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS); manage F-1 and J-1 programs for MICA and assure all new academic programs are in compliance.
- Oversee College compliance with Department of Homeland Security and Department of State regulations by advising updates to institutional policies and procedures, and briefing campus offices on compliance, as necessary.
- Work with Academic Affairs leadership to research, prioritize and evolve an international strategy for the College.
- Partner with Student Affairs, including the Center for Identity and Inclusion and Student Activities, as well as other offices across campus, to manage the implementation of international student orientation and cross-cultural programs to ensure the successful transition and retention of international undergraduate and graduate students and deepen dialogue opportunities between US and international students around global issues.
- Advocate for international students and scholars across the College and assist in the development and implementation of strategies and infrastructure to support international student and scholar integration.
- In collaboration with the Office of Advancement, pursue external grant and scholarship opportunities for study abroad and international exchanges.
- Provide administrative oversight for International Student Services and Study Abroad and Exchange Services work in the Office of International Education. Provide leadership for International Scholar Services and work collaboratively across campus to implement English Language Learner (ELL) initiatives.
- Oversee risk assessment and crisis management resources for all study abroad programs and international students; review all programs on a regular basis to ensure quality control and implement best practices and policies, including appropriate risk management and liability protection; serve on the Critical Incident Management Auxiliary Team.
- Oversee and maintain existing portfolio of study abroad, exchange, and domestic mobility programs and partnerships; research, propose, and develop new programs and partnerships with art schools and affiliate organizations abroad; develop strategies to increase the number of students studying abroad.
- Lead efforts to work with faculty to integrate study abroad with on-campus curriculum and increase international opportunities for students.
- Work collaboratively with department chairs and program directors regarding faculty exchange and joint projects abroad, as well as to promote participation in international professional development opportunities.
- Conduct visits to prospective and current partner sites for program development and assessment purposes.
- Chair and/or serve on campus committees, such as International Education Advisory Group, Student Retention, Committee on Academic Multilingual Multicultural Programs, etc.
- Create and manage assessment plans, activities, and reports for International Education. Compile and write annual report for International Education.
- Develop and manage budgets for the International Education Office.
- Supervise and provide support to International Education Office staff.
- Perform other related duties as assigned.
Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities:
- Demonstrated understanding of international student recruitment, admissions, and enrollment management practices, as well as applicable federal and international laws and regulations
- Strong interpersonal skills and the ability to work collaboratively with a diverse group of students, faculty and staff; ability to interact with a wide variety of constituencies on and off campus
- Demonstrated ability to problem-solve and respond effectively in a fast-paced environment
- Strong listening and organizational skills, ability to communicate professionally both orally and in writing with careful attention to detail
Minimum qualifications:
- Master’s degree in international education or related field
- Demonstrated experience in the field of international education and a record of successful leadership and management
- Intercultural experiences, particularly as reflected in study, research, living, or working abroad
- Demonstrated professional involvement in the field of international education (board memberships, presentations at conferences like NAFSA, Forum on Education Abroad, AIEA, CIEE, etc).
- Demonstrated record of support for, and commitment to, the needs of a diverse population and the principles of equity, diversity, and inclusion
Preferred Qualifications:
- Ph.D. with significant leadership experience in international education
- Successful completion of NAFSA learning and training programs
- Demonstrated experience with grant proposals and management of external funding for international education
- Fluency in multiple languages
- Experience with developing and/or implementing global initiatives in higher education
- An appreciation for art and design
Reporting to this position: Assistant Director, International Student Services; Assistant Director, Study Abroad and Exchange Services; International Student Coordinator; Administrative Assistant
Conditions of Employment:
- Conditions: Background Check
- Unusual Circumstances related to position: require travel, serve in an “on-call” capacity, work evenings and/or weekends, blackout periods. | https://careers.insidehighered.com/job/1507078/director-office-of-international-education/ |
Question 1:
Figures and beliefs of Greek mythology (including deities) can be identified in many types of Greek art. Cite important examples and explain their significance. Representations of humans in ancient Greek sculpture evolved from static, conventionalized forms to more naturalistic and expressionistic figures. How can we see this progression in examples from different periods?
While it is true the Romans were great copiers of the art and architecture of Greek art, they were also inventive and innovative in a number of areas. Cite at least four examples of where the Romans displayed originality in art and architecture and explain specifically how this originality was shown. Discuss the areas in which, you feel, they displayed the most originality, and explain what factors were present in their culture to foster such originality.
Question 2:
Iconic and narrative images are significant types of early Christian representations. Identify examples of storytelling and symbolism in painted, carved, or mosaic Christian works. Byzantine conventions of representation differ significantly from Jewish and other Christian traditions. Identify contrasting examples that illustrate these differences for the presentation of human figures. What do those characteristic differences reflect for each faith practice?
Be sure to explain your ideas clearly and support them by discussing specific works of art that you have read about this week, talking about how they illustrate and support your ideas. | https://nursingperfectpapers.com/art-homework-17/ |
Ronald Findlay and Kevin H. O?Rourke, Power and Plenty: Trade, War and the World Economy in the Second Millennium. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008. xxvi + 619 pp. $39.50 (cloth), ISBN: 978-0-691-11854-3.
Reviewed for EH.NET by ?evket Pamuk, London School of Economics and Bogazi?i-Bosphorus University.
Ronald Findlay of Columbia University and Kevin H. O?Rourke of Trinity College, Dublin have written a magisterial account of the history of international trade during the last millennium. They provide a theoretically coherent account of the interaction between the patterns and evolution of inter-regional trade, on the one hand, and long-term global economic and political developments, on the other. The two way interaction between power and plenty as formulated by Jacob Viner but going back much earlier in its origins, constitutes the analytical backbone of the volume. Findlay and O?Rourke argue convincingly that no history of international trade can ignore conflict, use of force, military exploits, and in turn, geopolitics. They draw upon a large volume of secondary historical and political literature as well as economic theory and succeed in integrating a vast amount of detail as well as their own research into their conceptual framework.
A large part of the exposition and analysis of the major developments in international trade proceeds in terms of the interaction between the seven regions of Eurasia as defined by the authors and the contributions arising from these interactions, in terms of the movements of people, crops, ideas, and techniques as well as commodities. A good deal of emphasis is placed on the importance of geography in explaining the interactions between the seven regions with very different physical features and endowments. This skillfully written volume is a work of extraordinary scope, a major achievement.
For the first half of the millennium, the authors should be commended for focusing on two key events, the Pax Mongolica and the Black Death, both of which involved most, if not all, of the seven regions. The unification of the central Eurasian landmass by the Mongols in the thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries facilitated the interaction of Western Europe and different regions of Asia from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. Mongols encouraged trade and made the routes across Eurasia safer and busier. Arguably, this was the first episode of globalization in history. Moreover, it was the disintegration of the Pax Mongolica and the shift of the trade to the southern routes across the Indian Ocean and the Middle East that led to the search for alternative ways of reaching Asia by western Europeans. As the authors point out, the ultimate legacy of the Pax Mongolica was not, perhaps, the increase in the interaction between Europe and Asia but the mutual discovery of Europeans and native Americans.
The Black Death, which originated in Mongol-controlled Asia but ended up in the Middle East and Europe, brought about far-reaching consequences for these regions. The sharp decline in the population led to an even sharper rise in wages. This high-wage environment, which lasted for at least two centuries, brought about very different demographic, economic, social and other responses not only between Europe and Asia but also within Europe, between the northwest and the south. As the authors make clear, the long-term consequences of the Black Death have not been fully analyzed and deserve more attention from economic historians.
For the second half of the millennium the focus of the volume is on the rise of an international economy and its contribution to the Industrial Revolution. The authors see the Industrial Revolution as the culmination of a long historical process involving the interaction of all the world?s regions through trade and transfer of technology. Findlay and O?Rourke emphasize that any account of the ?Rise of the West? that focuses purely on domestic developments ? such as western institutions, cultural attributes or endowments and ignores the vast web of interrelationships between Western Europe and the rest of the world ? is hopelessly inadequate. They argue that the Industrial Revolution needs to be understood as the outcome of a historical process with multiple causes going back to the medieval era in which international movements of commodities, warriors, microbes and technologies all played important roles. They also make clear that the Industrial Revolution not only transformed the international trading system but also gave rise to huge disparities around the globe as the spread of industrialization has been very uneven in the two centuries since.
Plunder or primitive accumulation may not have fueled the Industrial Revolution directly, but the authors emphasize that by expanding markets and ensuring the supply of raw materials, mercantilism and imperialism were an important part of the story. Violence did matter and often shaped the environment in which this exceptional event took place. The authors acknowledge that Asians and those from other regions of the world were not passive actors. They also ask two key questions with regard to the Industrial Revolution: why Britain and why Europe? The answers to both include not only the domestic factors but also control of long distance trade, overseas markets and raw materials. They emphasize in many parts of the text the key role played by the British navy in a world in which nations systematically excluded their enemies from protected markets.
The remaining chapters of the book are devoted to the analysis of the unprecedented expansion of international trade during the last two centuries, based on the ?Great Specialization? (manufactures vs. agriculture) that emerged in the aftermath of the Industrial Revolution and remained in place until recently. The ratio of world trade to GDP is sharply higher today than it was two centuries ago, but this rise has not been continuous. The powerful trend for globalization during the nineteenth century was followed by the collapse of world trade or deglobalization after 1914 and a more or less steady expansion of trade once more or reglobalization since the end of World War II.
One theme that is conspicuously absent in this volume is institutions ? which have occupied center stage not only in the economic history literature but also in economic theory in recent years ? and their impact on trade and economic development. While the authors emphasize the importance of international trade for the ?Rise of the West,? they could have focused more explicitly on the linkages between international trade and institutional change. One can think of at least two major channels through which long distance trade facilitated institutional change in Europe. During the period before 1000 and even until 1500, trade with other regions allowed Europe to learn about and then adapt some commercial, monetary and financial institutions. The transmission of the Islamic institution of business partnership or the mudaraba to the north of the Mediterranean in the form of the commenda is an important example of such borrowing and adaptation. These exchanges were very important for the development of western European institutions and the authors mention some of them. In the early modern era (that is after 1500) trade with other regions of the world led to institutional change in Europe through another mechanism. By giving greater power to merchants, long distance trade enabled them to shape the institutions in early modern Europe more forcefully in the direction of capitalism, as Acemoglu, Johnson and Robinson have recently emphasized. Arguably, greater political as well as economic power for merchants is an important characteristic that sets Europe apart from the other regions. It also provides another dimension to Viner?s power and plenty couple which is at the analytical center, as well as the title, of this book.
This is a well researched volume which is simply delightful to read. In most of the topics about which I have some knowledge, I found the analyses and the judgments offered by the authors both balanced and insightful. I expect this book will remain the standard text for many years to come. | http://eh.net/book_reviews/power-and-plenty-trade-war-and-the-world-economy-in-the-second-millennium/ |
Use the filter menu and interactive map to explore the past competitions offered and grants awarded through the Environmental Literacy Program.
To learn more about project findings and outcomes, view the summaries of our grantees’ summative evaluation reports.
Climate Strong—Building Tribal Youth Leadership for Climate Resiliency
Fond du Lac Tribal and Community College in partnership with the Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission, 1854 Treaty Authority, University of Wisconsin Extension’s G-WOW program, and Lake Superior Estuarine Research Reserve are proud to provide the Climate Strong-Building Tribal Youth Leadership for Climate Resiliency program. Our three-year project aims to increase the knowledge and readiness of middle to high school students to deal with the impacts of extreme weather and environmental hazards that face the Ojibwe Ceded Territories (Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan) and build capacity for increased climate change community resiliency curriculum in the classroom. Climate change impacts everyone, but for indigenous peoples it threatens culturally significant traditions, such as wild rice harvesting, that relies on sustainable fish, plant, and wildlife resources. These resources are critical for subsistence, spiritual and cultural needs, and treaty rights. Culturally relevant, place-based education is an important tool to involve students, in particular, underrepresented students, in developing critical thinking skills to assess the issue of community resiliency to extreme weather events and engaging in action to help resolve it. In order to achieve our objectives, we will aim our educational efforts toward youth first, as well as reaching the communities we serve. Each year, six residential youth camps (18 total) will be hosted within the Ojibwe Ceded Territories. Each three-day camp will be focused on investigating issues of community resiliency, adaption, and mitigation associated with increasing extreme weather events as well as natural environmental hazards. Camps will use place-based, experiential lessons to teach resiliency issues demonstrated by climate change effects on Ojibwe culturally important natural resources. Our project will train formal and informal educators throughout the Ojibwe Ceded Territories on how to use indigenous climate curriculum using tribal traditional ecological knowledge and NOAA assets to investigate community climate resiliency issues. Using both teacher “train the trainer” workshops and our camps, this project will create a network of formal K-12 and informal educators trained to become leaders in providing culturally relevant climate resiliency outreach to students. We will increase community resiliency literacy through six community outreach events each year (18 total) that will highlight resiliency issues facing our region and the research being done on landscape and ecological vulnerabilities through NOAA and tribal assets. Our goals are increased community resiliency literacy and adaptation of stewardship behaviors that reduce climate change impacts and increases adaption and mitigation behaviors by our participants. These behaviors will help increase stewardship practices reducing extreme weather impacts affecting the sustainability of culturally relevant resources, thereby preserving important cultural, spiritual, subsistence, and treaty rights practices.
ResilienceMT: Building Resilience in Montana’s Rural and Tribal Communities
“ResilienceMT: Building Resilience in Montana’s Rural and Tribal Communities” education and engagement activities will enhance the environmental literacy of over 2,000 Montanans, including youth and adults, and support community climate resilience planning, implementation, and capacity building. This project addresses the need for adaptive capacity related to (1) wildfires and associated impacts on human health, state and local budgets, and Montana’s tourism and recreation economies; (2) drought and impacts on crops, agricultural economies, wildlife and game species, and culturally-significant plants; and (3) flooding due to extreme weather events and changes in amount and timing of spring snowmelt and associated impacts on water supplies, recreation, and fishing. Impacts associated with our changing climate are already occurring, and rural and tribal communities are particularly vulnerable and less prepared than larger communities. Project objectives include building action competence and capacity for resilience planning and implementation among youth and adults in partner communities. Specifically, the project will develop participants’ climate resilience-related knowledge and skills as well as their willingness, confidence, and capacity for action. Project leaders from the University of Montana, including spectrUM Discovery Area, and Montana State University will work in close collaboration with two tribal communities in Montana, the Blackfeet Nation, and the Fort Belknap Indian Community, and with two rural communities in the Bitterroot Valley, all of which are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Project activities aimed at achieving these objectives include (1) An interactive, data-based Mobile Climate Resilience Exhibit serving middle and high school students and families; (2) Community Climate Resilience Resource Guides; (3) Community Climate Resilience Forums; and (4) Follow-up interviews, report dissemination, and additional education and networking opportunities. The Mobile Exhibit will be collaboratively designed with partner teachers and communities and will utilize data and expertise from multiple sources including NOAA and the Montana Climate Office. The exhibit will employ digital ESRI Story Maps and other interactive physical elements to allow students and families to explore the science of wildfires, drought, and flooding; historical trends and projected climate changes, impacts, and interrelated human and ecological vulnerabilities at multiple geographic scales; and locally relevant climate resilience strategies. Elements of the Mobile Exhibit will be included in the Resource Guides, which will be available online and in print at the Community Forums. Collaboratively designed and led with tribal environmental offices and community partner organizations, the Community Climate Resilience Forums will include intergenerational dialogue; enhance understanding of community climate vulnerabilities and resilience planning efforts; and facilitate local action projects. Project leaders will obtain additional input from forum participants and community leaders; report to the community on the results; and facilitate various follow-up engagement, education, and networking activities among students and other community members to support achieving project objectives. | https://www.noaa.gov/office-education/elp/grants/awards?f%5B0%5D=%3AAmerican%20Museum%20of%20Natural%20History&f%5B1%5D=%3ATriangle%20Coalition%20for%20Science%20and%20Technology%20Education&f%5B2%5D=%3AUniversity%20of%20the%20Virgin%20Islands%20/%20Center%20for%20Marine%20and%20Environmental%20Studies&f%5B3%5D=field_ela_state%3AMinnesota&f%5B4%5D=field_ela_state%3AMontana&f%5B5%5D=field_ela_state%3APennsylvania&f%5B6%5D=field_recipient%3AFond%20du%20Lac%20Tribal%20and%20Community%20College&f%5B7%5D=field_recipient%3AUniversity%20of%20Montana&f%5B8%5D=field_status%3AOpen |
25 Tips For Expert Witnesses
The individual may have certain references that match the case, and a simple interview can solve the problem. However, if an agency is not an option, research can yield a number of professionals. Then it is about interviewing several to find the best couple on the case issue and the legal team. Effective expert witnesses are often difficult to locate and more difficult to keep depending on the facts and subject of a case, and this could create a much more complicated situation for the legal team.
Además, dichos materiales serán reconocibles si el experto confía en ellos para formar su opinión. Familiarizarse con las reglas aplicables con respecto al descubrimiento lo ayudará a evitar renunciar inadvertidamente a la información protegida. While it is important to recognize that witness preparation is the major behavioral problems that have occurred throughout life, cannot change, it can help your expert reconsider his testimony and make changes to his delivery that promote a better relationship with the jury. Maintaining a critical balance between training judges without appearing patronizing will help the expert develop a relationship with the panel that will enhance his credibility.
While effective preparation of expert witnesses seems intimidating to a young lawyer, it is critical to any successful process strategy. This article provides personal injury expert witness la mesa california useful tips for young lawyers preparing experts to testify. The main way every expert witness can generate new leads is simply to do a good job.
In this sense, the expert is uniquely qualified to testify to the latter problem. However, the litigant should still be familiar with the qualifications of each party’s expert, understand the history on which the expert relied to express his opinion and know if his opinion is based on appropriate methodologies. He / she often finds it important to “sound” as an expert by the frequent use of jargon and to rely heavily on specific content knowledge to define and explain concepts to the jury. From our jury investigation we found that these experts are arrogant and that jury members have difficulty with it. Judges don’t like it when expert witnesses use detailed answers when a sentence will do it.
Courts have developed a process to assess the reliability of the expert’s judgment and determine whether the jury should listen to it. Your chance of a general judgment may depend on the outcome of these challenges. That is why it is important to solve these problems with movement as soon as possible. Also, as with any witness, you would like to instruct the expert witness to listen carefully to any question; request for clarification if necessary; think before answering; and pause long enough to object to a question if necessary. Through his experience, an expert can start a conference on the subject, which should be avoided. Such failures can ask new and potentially unforeseen questions that can be avoided with preparation.
Experts continue to be allowed to go a step further by proposing that the conclusion be drawn from the application of specialized knowledge to facts. There are many reasons why you should start looking for the right expert witness early in a case. Finding the right expert takes time and it is important to give potential experts enough time to make enough analysis to see if they will be useful. Early expert retention also helps lawyers formulate requests for documents and deposit groups, by providing experts with specific information they may need to know, which may strengthen them or compel them to change their position. Unfortunately, the lawyer too often selects experts after the discovery is complete, so there is no opportunity for the expert to obtain the necessary information or to assist lawyers in the statements.
See, p., United States v. Jones, 107 F.3d 1147 (6th Cir. 1997); Tassin v. Sears Roebuck, 946 F. 1167, (explain that “no one denies that an expert can draw a conclusion from a series of observations based on extensive and specialized experience.”). It is important to find an effective expert witness to provide the most important element of the matter. However, it is often more difficult to keep the individual as an expert witness. The judge or opponent’s lawyer will try to disqualify the professional during an interview and the testimony may be inadmissible if he loses participation in the claim. Constant and open communication is key to the working relationship between the legal team and the expert witness. | https://mediaupdatez.com/2021/12/02/25-tips-for-expert-witnesses/ |
As businesses begin to bring their staff back to the workplace, the number one concern facing all employers is safety.
This begs the question, what can businesses do to ensure a safe return to work for its employees? That’s why we’ve put together this 10 step coronavirus return to the workplace safety checklist to help you with your planning.
When planning a safe return for your employees, you should also consult official government advice, including:
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) protocols
- CDC guidance for businesses and employers
- All relevant state and local laws and guidance that apply to your business
And if you’re looking for information specific to offices, you can also read our guide on how to keep your office COVID-secure.
1. Pre-Screen All Employees and Visitors
Pre-screening staff and visitors can help to prevent the virus from entering the workplace in the first place. Mobile apps and websites enable employees and visitors to screen themselves for symptoms before starting each shift or visit. If anyone fails the screening process, they will be prompted to stay home and follow public health guidance in their jurisdiction on when and how to access a COVID-19 test.
There are a number of options when it comes to symptom screening, such as whether or not to use temperature checks, and whether to complete this on-site or off-site. Read our guide to screening employees for COVID-19 symptoms and our employee COVID-19 questionnaire template for more information on this.
2. Designate Movement Flows
If you have more than one entrance into your premises, designate separate entrances and exits to prevent overcrowding at peak times. Apply the same principle to staircases, by separating them into ones for walking up and ones for walking down.
When it comes to elevators, instigate a usage rule that cuts down on unnecessary usage which you feel is sensible for your workplace. For example, able-bodied employees should walk up or down two flights of stairs instead of using the elevator.
3. Provide Access to Handwashing and Sanitizer Stations
All entrances into the building should have a hand sanitizer station. It may also be appropriate to install handwashing sinks in these locations for some businesses.
Further hand sanitizer stations should also be installed in high touchpoint locations, such as outside elevator doors, internal doors, meeting rooms, and break areas.
The provision of hand sanitizer stations should be accompanied by mandatory handwashing policies.
4. Decide if Face Masks are Appropriate for Your Business
If you are a customer-facing business where your employees have a lot of contact time with customers, you may consider it appropriate to enact a face mask mandate when staff are in public areas.
Or for non-customer facing businesses, you may consider mask-wearing to be necessary when in high traffic areas or confined spaces, such as elevators.
5. Consider What PPE Your Employees May Require
Aside from face mask usage, consider what other personal protective equipment (PPE) employees may require and how you’ll source this. For example, employees in customer-facing roles with large amounts of contact time, such as cashiers, may request perspex face shields and gloves.
You also need to consider how you will educate employees on the correct way to use, clean, and store the PPE.
6. Rearrange Workstations and Install Screens
Rearrange work stations where possible to provide 6 feet of space between each employee. Or if this isn’t possible, install screens to provide a physical barrier between employees. Apply the same principle to break areas.
Assess whether or not meeting rooms can remain in use, based on floor space, or if other better-ventilated areas would make more suitable meeting spaces.
7. Implement Clear and Concise Communication
Communication is crucial to ensure workplace safety. Regular communication to all employees should include information on the following topics:
- What your screening process is
- What an employee should do if they have symptoms, have been in contact with someone who has the virus, or if they themselves have been diagnosed with COVID-19
- The training you’re implementing to ensure workplace safety
- The social distancing measures you’re applying
- How to request and access PPE
- Movement flows around the building that employees must abide by
8. Lay Out Your Recall Procedures
Do you alternate days in the workplace and days working from home for employees? Do only essential members of staff return? Are there any employees in a high-risk category who may benefit from continuing to work from home? These are all major considerations to factor into returning to the workplace safely during COVID.
Furthermore, it may be worth gauging your staff’s perception of returning to the workplace. If they feel unsafe or unwilling to put themselves at risk, you may need to find compromises or alternatives.
9. Stagger Shift Patterns
Avoid overcrowding at the start and end of shifts by staggering shift patterns. Do the same with break patterns to reduce overcrowding in break areas.
Canvass how your staff travel to work, so you can identify those who travel by public transport. Prioritize their shift patterns so they can avoid traveling on public transport during peak hours.
10. Publish Clear Guidelines for Reporting Symptoms and Diagnoses
Employees must feel confident that they can report symptoms or a positive diagnosis without fear of being penalized. Swift reporting will enable you to contact trace other employees which can help limit the spread among a workforce.
This should include a private and confidential channel for employees to use, a contact tracing procedure, an employee quarantine policy, and home working alternatives for employees.
Bottom Line
As you can see, there are many considerations to ensure a safe return to the workplace during COVID-19. However, by following this checklist, you’ll be setting your staff and your company up for success in the new normal. | https://timerack.com/covid-resources/10-step-covid-workplace-return-safety-checklist/ |
The Pharaoh Merneith, Hatshepsut, Cleopatra . have contributed to "branding" for ancient Egypt.
>>> The10 greatest Pharaohs in history
It is possible to call the Egyptian emperors Pharaoh by Pharaoh (ancient Egyptian meaning "great house" ) which is a common title to refer to kings in ancient Egyptian history. They are the rulers, build the country, expand the territory, erect palaces, tombs, leaving the splendid traces of an Egyptian empire that once existed .
In the flow of world history, it is not uncommon for a ruling queen to be rare, but in general it is still much less than male rulers.
And without exception, ancient Egypt also existed many beautiful Pharaoh women, who were powerful and contributed greatly to the society, contributing to turning the wheel of history. Let's review some of the most famous Egyptian Pharaohs in the past.
Merneith is considered the first female Pharaoh in Egyptian history. She is the legendary queen of the First Dynasty (the first dynasty after the Upper and Lower Egypt united).
Image of Queen Merneith.
The cap of the tomb of the Pharaoh Merneith.
According to some records, she ruled Egypt around the 30th century BC. She is the wife of Pharaoh Djet and the mother of the Pharaoh Den. Traces of this Pharaoh's existence are few, mostly from her tomb discovered by experts at Umm el-Qa'ab.
Queen Sobekneferu or Neferusobek (meaning "beauty of Sobek ") - originates from the name of Sobek god - an important crocodile god of ancient Egypt.
According to many records, she was the daughter of Pharaoh Amenemhat III of the twelfth dynasty - the last great king of the dynasty.
After Pharaoh Amenemhat III died, the splendid shadow of the twelfth dynasty also quickly faded, the next pharaohs could not maintain stability and prosperity anymore.
Instead of her father, she came to power, ruling Egypt for four years from 1806 BC - 1802 BC and then died without a follow-up prince. The twelfth dynasty from here quickly collapsed, ancient Egypt fell into a period of chaos and darkness.
Hatshepsut (1508 - 1458 BC) was the eldest daughter of King Thutmose I and Queen Ahmose, the first king and queen of the Thutmoside family of the thirteenth dynasty.
After his father died in 1493 BC, Hatshepsut married his half-brother, Thutmose II, and received the title of Queen.
When Thutmose II died, Thutmose III was too young to be able to run the country, Hatshepsut became Egypt's first female Pharaoh, holding full kingship with the respect of contemporary religious leaders.
During 21 years of reign - longer than any female Pharaoh, she has made Egypt a powerful, prosperous and wealthy nation.
The one who succeeded the mighty power of the Egyptian empire under Hatshepsut was Thutmose III - 'the king of war'. He expanded Egypt territory by countless large and small conquests.
Hatshepsut is also described as a famous beautiful queen, hailed as one of the "most beautiful women" of ancient Egypt.
After taking power, Thutmose III smashed Hatshepsut's tomb to find ways to erase her image in the minds of the Nile people.
Cleopatra VII (69 BC - 30 BC) is the last female Pharaoh of Egypt and one of the most famous queens of all time.
She is famous for her beauty, intelligence, sharpness and scandal. Being able to speak 9 languages, Cleopatra enjoyed a very comprehensive education, was empowered and revealed leadership skills very early.
It was her beauty, her charm and her intelligence that conquered the two powerful dictators of the Roman empire Julius Ceasar and later Marcus Antonius. Both of them were "deadly tired" of the Egyptian queen.
Create Cleopatra image in the movie.
Finally, during the war for power in Rome after the Caesar died, Antonius was defeated by Augustus. Antonius used his sword to kill himself. Because of supporting his lover, when Antonius died, too painful, pessimistic and desperate, she committed suicide.
She was the last queen of the Ptolemy kingdom of the Greeks in Egypt. It is the beauty and the stories surrounding her that have become an almost endless source of inspiration for art, literature, music and cinema. | https://scienceinfo.net/the-most-famous.html |
Chemistry is more than just mixing compound A with compound B to make compound C. There are catalysts that affect the reaction rate, as well as the physical conditions of the reaction and any intermediate steps that lead to the final product. If you’re trying to make a new chemical process for, say, pharmaceutical or materials research, you need to find the best of each of these variables. It’s a time-consuming trial-and-error process.
Or, at least, it was.
In a new publication in Nature, University of Utah chemists Jolene Reid and Matthew Sigman show how analyzing previously published chemical reaction data can predict how hypothetical reactions may proceed, narrowing the range of conditions chemists need to explore. Their algorithmic prediction process, which includes aspects of machine learning, can save valuable time and resources in chemical research.
“We try to find the best combination of parameters,” Reid says. “Once we have that we can adjust features of any reaction and actually predict how that adjustment will affect it.”
Trial and error
Previously, chemists who wanted to carry out a reaction that hadn’t been tried before, such as a reaction to attach a particular small molecule to a particular spot on a larger molecule, approached the problem by looking up a similar reaction and mimicking the same conditions.
“Almost every time, at least in my experience, it doesn’t work well,” Sigman says. “So then you systematically change the conditions.”
But with several variables in each reaction—Sigman estimates around seven to 10 in a typical pharmaceutical reaction—the number of possible combinations of conditions becomes overwhelming. “You cannot cover all of this variable space with any type of high throughput operation,” Sigman says. “We’re talking billions of possibilities.”
Narrowing the field
So, Sigman and Reid looked for a way to narrow the focus to a more manageable range of conditions. For their test reaction, they looked at reactions that involve molecules with opposite mirror images of each other (in the same way your right and left hands are mirror images of each other) and that select more for one configuration than another. Such a reaction is called “enantioselective,” and Sigman’s lab studies the types of catalysts involved in enantioselective reactions.
Reid collected published scientific reports of 367 forms of reactions involving imines, which have a nitrogen base, and used machine learning algorithms to correlate features of the reactions with how selective they were for the two different forms of imines. The algorithms looked at the reactions’ catalysts, solvents and reactants, and constructed mathematical relationships between those properties and the final selectively of the reaction.
“There’s a pattern hidden beneath the surface of why it works and doesn’t work with this condition, this catalyst, this substrate and so on,” Sigman says.
“The key to our success is that we use information from many reactions,” Reid adds.
Easing the pain
How well does their predictive model work? It successfully predicted the outcomes of 15 reactions involving one reactant that wasn’t in the original set and the outcomes of 13 reactions where both a reactant and catalyst type were not in the original set. Finally, Reid and Sigman looked at a recent study that conducted 2,150 experiments to find the optimal conditions of 34 reactions. Without dirtying a single beaker, Reid and Sigman’s model arrived at the same results and same optimal catalyst.
Reid looks forward to applying the model to predicting reactions involving large, complex molecules. “Often you find that new methodologies aren’t fine-tuned to complex systems,” she says. “Possibly we could do that now by predicting beforehand the best kind of catalyst.”
Sigman adds that predictive models can lower the barriers to new drug development.
“The pharmaceutical industry doesn’t want to invest money into something that they don’t know if it’s going to work,” he says. “So, if you have an algorithm that suggests this has a high probability of working, you ease the pain.”
Find the full study here. | https://attheu.utah.edu/facultystaff/improving-the-odds-of-synthetic-chemistry-success/ |
Our daily interactions in the social, cultural, and commercial spheres are increasingly digitally mediated, resulting in systems that are open to user input or that persist for an indeterminate amount of time. Thus, conventional notions of sequential narrative lose their efficacy, and a new type of system-based problem solving is required. Such nonlinear formats represent a growth area for composers and music producers. This course examines the network of emerging practices that are springing up in such fields as sound art and architecture and video game design, providing students with the technical and theoretical skills to navigate this new acoustic ecology of digital media. Using the graphical programming language Max, students will develop projects that examine precedents for nonlinear structure across boundaries of discipline, culture, and history. Developing fluency with alternative organizational models to traditional linear forms will allow students to innovate and thrive in a new digital ecosystem.
MTI-523
This course explores topics in electronic production and live performance techniques related to modern music and sound design. Students will be introduced to MIDI programming and processing with Max/MSP, advanced control techniques of audio and synthesis devices (in Ableton Live through Max and Max for Live), and aesthetic considerations in the production and live performance of electronically produced music. Students will explore strategies for integrating performance and production, resulting in a greater creative method for production and greater technological augmentation of performance. Students will develop their own dynamic computer/controller based music performance system and demonstrate it in a final performance and presentation.
MTI-525
This course explores the hybrid nature of modern recording techniques and stratagems. The curriculum thoroughly studies the simultaneous integration of advanced large format consoles, cutting-edge digital audio workstation capabilities as well as advanced, creative acoustic recording methods. The traditional console recording paradigm will be expanded by seamlessly merging it with powerful digital audio workstation signal processing, plug-ins, customized signal flow architectures and the ongoing research of alternative acoustic soundscapes. The course aims at innovating and streamlining the technological aspects of the recording process as a means to ultimately facilitate the creative endeavor of capturing music and emotion through sound.
MTI-543
This course provides musicians with the tools and techniques to create compelling, creative music videos, especially using guerilla techniques (self-produced low budget). The course introduces the fundamental techniques of music video production and provides practical hands-on experience for producing professional music videos. Students learn by doing as well as by study. They analyze different techniques and methods of planning and production and put them into practice as they create their own videos.
MTI-611
In this course, students learn to use the turntable as a musical instrument. Students explore the culture and aesthetics of hip-hop, turntablism, club DJs, radio, and mash-up DJs. They also study the following techniques: cueing, mixing, beat matching, beat extending, mash-ups, blending, and scratching (basic, scribble, laser, uzi, stab, cut, transformer, crab, chirp, and flare). Students learn to compose and perform DJ sets with creative and technical mastery.
MTI-613
This course explores topics in electronic production and live performance techniques related to modern electronic dance music production, sound design, arrangement, and performance. Students generate content and create their own music while learning how to use Ableton Live Suite. Students learn to analyze electronic music, and explore techniques for remixing, performing, and creating electronic music.
MTI-614
This course explores advanced topics in sound design, beginning with ear training and progressing through professional, cutting edge tools and techniques. Students learn to analyze musical sounds, deconstruct their elements and apply modern techniques. In so doing, students learn to apply new technological solutions to music production as they create new sounds and apply these to creative works. Students also master audio effects and apply automation to creative works.
MTI-615
The advent of digital art and its associated technologies has created many cross-disciplinary and hybrid practices using multiple media such as sound, video, light, and space. Many of these contemporary practices come together in one format: the installation. In this course, students course review not only the history of the installation, but also the histories of converging practices that have developed media art (e.g. sound, video, kinetic, light, etc.) and the main movements surrounding them (e.g. futurism, Dadaism, Fluxus, minimalism). Through this review, students understand where contemporary art comes from, and what its future may hold. Students explore the technical tools (SketchUp, Photoshop, InDesign, Premiere, MaxMSP) necessary to imagine, prototype, produce, and diffuse one's own multimedia installation. Beyond realizing a project, students also consider documentation, archiving, grant-seeking, and responding to call-for-works. All of these are integral elements of the artistic process and enable students to maximize a project's viability. Students produce multimedia installations, either in a group show or in solo exhibitions.
MTI-616
Innovation Seminar 2 picks up where MTI-515 Music Technology Innovation Seminar 1 leaves off, providing the platform for students in the music technology innovation master's program to launch the execution phase of their culminating experience project. The course will provide a framework for project management, including planned milestones, visiting artists, and material strategies to incorporate students' projects into tangible career opportunities.
MTI-617
In this course, students learn the architecture and operation of an integrated studio centered around a large format digital console (in this case, the Avid System 5) and advanced methods of modern music production. Students learn specific recording techniques as well as critical information on digital audio, synchronization, music tracking, and mixing. Projects explore the flexibility of large format systems for use in audio engineering and production.
MTI-618
In this practical, hands-on course, students learn to design, test, analyze, and improve music apps for iOS devices, including the iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad. Several small apps will be created and prototyped over the first half of the semester, with a larger apps being created, tested, and deployed for the final project. Existing music apps will be evaluated for effectiveness and usability, and this evaluation process will be incorporated into the prototyping stage of the students' own app development. Students learn and use the Swift programming language, and also become familiar with the Objective C programming language.
MTI-623
This class systematically explores the history, concepts, tools and strategies of analog synthesis and sequencers. Students learn to effectively create sounds and program a variety of analog synthesizers, including physically modular systems and Virtual Analog versions, and synchronize them with DAWs. Students explore the art of synthesis through the hands-on study of signal flow, timbre, sound design, programming, and the musical functions of various types of sounds. | https://www.berklee.edu/courses?field_course_number_value=&title=&page=100&keys=&field_course_department_value=&items_per_page=20 |
Getting through college during COVID-19 can seem daunting, but you can be successful in school even despite a global pandemic. Follow these three tips and you can stay safe, healthy, and efficient even in unfamiliar circumstances.
Socialize Cautiously
College is a time for meeting new people, building relationships, and having fun, but that will have to be done a bit differently this year. You should be careful how you socialize and resist the temptation to gather in large groups. Failing to social distance can lead to increased spread of dangerous illness.
Instead of taking the risk of gathering in groups, explore alternative ways to socialize while physically distancing yourself from others. There are many creative options for continuing to spend time with friends without putting yourself or others in jeopardy. Technology offers many ways to stay connected with those you love even when you cannot spend time together in the same location. Stay connected, but do so safely.
Change Your Study Habits
Online courses can feel like uncharted and unfamiliar territory. You will need to change your study habits in order to succeed in this new format. Students should set a strict schedule for themselves and work on developing self-sufficiency when it comes to their own learning.
In order to get the most out of your education during COVID-19, you should treat an online course with the formality of an in-person course and follow a strict schedule. Make a dedicated study space for yourself. Set goals and objectives and build a study plan. To-do lists, calendars, time limits, and planning ahead can prove very beneficial in helping you stay on track and focused.
Maintain Structure
For many students, much of their normal routine has been lost. It is important that you try as best you can to continue to structure your day-to-day lives in order to maintain a positive foundation of coping skills. Sticking to a routine as best you can will be beneficial for your physical and mental health.
Students should do their best to keep up good habits concerning sleep, hygiene, nutrition, exercise, self-care, and non-screen activities. Especially if students are more limited in where they can go and do, it is essential that you retain these basic practices and attempt to keep life as structured as possible. Finding a new routine may be difficult, but it will make a big difference in helping you succeed.
If you socialize with caution, tailor your study habits to the format of online learning, and maintain healthy structure, you can succeed in college even during a pandemic. Times may seem uncertain, but you can certainly still do well this school year.
If you need some extra help with your classes this semester, we can help you with some tutoring online! Sign up for a free demo session to get started! | https://www.fullpotentialtutor.com/how-to-get-through-college-during-covid-19/ |
For the past two weeks, I’ve been researching and exploring the concept of inclusive organizations (What Does Inclusive Organization Mean? and 8 Traits of Inclusive Organizations). I was doing it because I was asked to help lead a training on the topic, but why should you care about creating an inclusive organization?
As it turns out, there are a number of benefits to doing so. And these are benefits beyond the “nice feeling” you have from being inclusive. These are benefits that ultimately affect the bottom-line, improve work results, and make executives happy.
8 Benefits of an Inclusive Organization
1. Higher Job Satisfaction
When you feel valued for your work and contributions, you’re going to be more satisfied with your job. Appreciation is an incredible motivator and doesn’t always mean giving away more money–it can be as simple as recognizing the individual for their hard work and dedication. Many companies do this well for their star executives, but what about for their star administrative assistants or technical gurus?
2. Lower Turnover
If you are recognized and appreciated, and you can see that the work you do is valuable, why would you want to leave? People leave organizations that they feel are taking advantage of them (or other people), but inclusive organizations don’t do that. Inclusive organizations find ways to visibly show how much they value all contributors, and that’s what will keep people there.
3. Higher Productivity
Inclusive organizations help increase productivity in individuals because they are motivated and know their work is appreciated. In an environment where they feel their work will be ignored, there’s no motivation for an employee to find ways to work smarter. But when the work is visible and valued, people are motivated to do even better, not just for themselves, but for the company.
4. Higher Employee Morale
As we learned recently, happiness is somewhat contagious. By being inclusive and valuing everyone, employees are more likely to be happy with their work. And if the people around you are happy and satisfied, any given individual is more likely to be happy as well.
5. Improved Creativity and Innovation
Diversity of people brings diversity of thought which brings diversity in ideas. And when you combine these various ideas together, you may find the creative solution or next break-through innovation that would never have been discovered without different minds working together.
6. Improved Problem-Solving
There are two common ways a problem is solved: 1) Having seen a similar problem before and reapplying a modified solution, or 2) understanding the challenges of the problems and then coming up with a creative solution to fix it. Having diverse backgrounds improves the likelihood of both–more diverse experiences means improved chance of someone having resolved a similar problem before (#1), and we know from Benefit #5 that inclusivity helps foster creative ideas that could solve the problem (#2).
7. Increased Organizational Flexibility
The world can change rather quickly, and the best organizations are those that can adapt to that change. An inclusive organization is flexible and can adjust to the world’s changes because it is diverse, collaborative and the constant communication allows people to move from one role to another with greater speed and skill. As conditions change, the inclusive organization can change along with them.
8. Better Employees
The long-term benefit to inclusive organizations is that they create, attract and retain the best employees. They create them through improving problem-solving skills and encouraging constant growth and improvement. They attract them because people want to work for a company that is high performing, values diversity, and has high employee morale. They retain them because the company grows, people feel valued, and their happy with what they do. All of that means better employees, which means better results for the company.
Other Benefits
There are some other benefits to being an inclusive organization (e.g. complying with the law), but the ones above are the ones that will truly lead to results. Creating an inclusive organization isn’t just the right thing to do, it makes business sense. And cents is what business is all about.
Got another benefit of inclusive organizations? Share it in the comments! | https://www.humorthatworks.com/learning/8-benefits-of-an-inclusive-organization/ |
WCB brakes are specifically designed for applications in which large thermal loads must be dissipated.
Typical applications: Dynamometers, forestry / logging equipment, anchor handling and towing winches, mooring winch systems, petroleum drilling equipment and tension brakes.
Airtube Advantage
Standard with all WCB units, the reinforced neoprene airtube reacts accurately to small pressure changes and offers no resistance to movement - therefore increasing sensitivity.
Our airtubes are inherently corrosion resistant and require no additional coatings or protective treatments. They are ideal for marine and other harsh environmental applications where real world conditions can severely affect performance and reliability.
Finally, the WPT® airtube design ensures product performance without the need of expensive and complicated control packages. Controllability is as easy as a simple pressure control valve and regulator. | http://www.icpltd.co.uk/contents/en-uk/p1906_water-cooled-brakes.html |
Researchers say a skeleton unearthed decades ago in the sand dunes of Lake Mungo, Australia, may be tens of thousands of years older than once assumed. The findings, which appear in the June issue of the Journal of Human Evolution, not only push back the arrival of people in Australia but also call into question some theories about how modern humans spread around the globe.
The skeleton, called Mungo 3, was uncovered in 1974. Archaeologist Alan Thorne, from Australian National University (ANU) in Canberra, determined that the body had been ceremonially buried in a grave, with red ocher scattered over it and its fingers intertwined around its penis. Carbon-14 dating initially put its age at 28,000 to 32,000 years old, but refinements in the technique in the 1980s led to an age of at least 38,000 years--and possibly older, because the 14C technique can't reach beyond 40,000 years. Newer techniques can reach further back in time, but some researchers are skeptical about them because they are tricky to use (Science, 10 October 1997, p. 220).
In a new attempt to date Mungo 3, Thorne and his colleagues decided to use a combination of three techniques. One, OSL, dates the sediments surrounding the fossil by counting the electrons that natural radiation knocks into defects in a mineral's crystal structure. The other two date the fossil itself, either by counting electrons trapped in the crystal structure of bone or tooth or by measuring how much of the uranium in the sample has decayed into its daughter elements. The three methods gave pretty much the same result: 61,000 ± 2000 years from OSL, and 62,000 ± 6000 years from the two other methods.
If true, the results mean that humans arrived in Australia at least 60,000 years ago. And that would have profound implications for human history. Many researchers maintain that all modern humans descend from a single population of Africans, who brought with them art, ritual burials, and other signs of cognitive sophistication as they spread around the world. The oldest solid evidence for this "human revolution" in Africa is 50,000 years old, and 40,000 years old in Europe (Science, 23 November 1998, p. 1451). But the ceremonial burial of Mungo 3 (and the boat-building skills required to reach Australia) point to such sophistication at a much earlier date. If the date is real, says Stanford University's Richard Klein, "it would mean either that there was a separate evolution of modern humans and modern human behavior in the Far East, or that modern humans emerging from Africa somehow managed to reach the Far East at least 20,000 years before they reached the Far West." | https://www.sciencemag.org/news/1999/05/new-dates-dawn-dream-time |
The study of the rheological properties of aqueous solutions of corn starch (CS) blends with sodium alginate (SA) and agar-agar (AA) as well as the physical and mechanical properties of bicomponent films on their basis has been carried out. The data show that adding of both polymers to starch solution causes an increase in viscosity which is higher in the case of SA. Activation energy for viscosity flow of solutions of CS blended with SA has minimum value at CS:SA ratio = 98:2. The above mentioned dependence is not typical for AA, as flow activation energy in this case raises steadily with the growth of AA content in the solution, like viscosity of the CS:AA. The extreme behavior of polymer blends with low content of one of the polymers is described in terms of mutual solubility or thermodynamic compatibility. There is a tendency that mechanical properties and water solubility increase with the increasing of SA and AA polymers in corn starch matrix. Obtained data evidence the benefits of bicomponent films production instead of starch-based films.
Keywords
Corn Starch, Sodium Alginate, Agar-Agar, Solutions, Rheological Properties, Edible Films, Physical and Mechanical Properties
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Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
References
Copyright © 2021 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. | https://scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=62100 |
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