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Traditionally, it was mothers or other female family members who raised infants and toddlers in rural China. However, the three decades of agricultural collectivization transformed this norm with the repeated creation, success, and disappearance of various childcare institutions—from bao wawa zu, tuoer suo, and you’er yuan to yuhong ban and xueqian ban—that allowed the commune to participate in the lives of young children. Previous studies have typically viewed these daycares and preschools either from the perspective of education history or as a means of discussing women’s liberation. Both approaches delimitate the subjectivity of children and ignore the experiences, emotions, and mindset attached to these new initiatives.
To remedy this gap, my research considers the history of childcare in each commune to be a crucial element serving the goal of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to intertwine personal lives with a public agenda, in hopes of cultivating a socialist lifestyle during the commune years. The history of childminding in rural China reflected a continuous negotiation between the CCP and peasants on how to balance production and reproduction, create socialist motherhood and childhood, and adjust family relations and social responsibilities. Ultimately, the previously invisible female task of childminding became a visible social responsibility, generating the urgency of preschool education. This value survived the dismantling of the commune system and is still present in modern-day rural China.
*Jing Zhai is a PhD candidate in the history department of UT Austin, where she also serves as the 2018-2019 co-coordinator for Symposium on Gender, History, and Sexuality. Her research focuses on the provincialization of socialist culture in China from a grassroots perspective. Zhai’s dissertation Experiencing the Commune: Everyday Life in Rural China under Socialism (1956-1984) maintains that everyday experiences became a cord tying individual peasants dispersed in different communes directly to Chinese high politics and abstract communist ideology, transforming the least politicized region into a hyperpolitical entity. | https://liberalarts.utexas.edu/asianstudies/events/event.php?id=39936 |
2 edition of Extreme observations and diversification in Latin American emerging equity markets found in the catalog.
Extreme observations and diversification in Latin American emerging equity markets
Raul Susmel
Published
1998
by Universidad del CEMA in Capital Federal, [Argentina]
.
Written in English
Edition Notes
|Statement||Raúl Susmel.|
|Series||Serie Documentos de trabajo / Universidad del CEMA -- no. 138, Serie Documentos de trabajo (Universidad del CEMA) -- no. 138.|
|Classifications|
|LC Classifications||HG5160.5.A3 S87 1998|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||23 p. ;|
|Number of Pages||23|
|ID Numbers|
|Open Library||OL19194573M|
Equity markets finished the year on a high note, rallying for most of the fourth quarter. Gains were made as investors became increasingly confident in the global economic recovery. The announced extension of the much debated Bush tax cuts and proposed payroll tax deductions provided more clarity and stimulus for the world's largest economy. Finance, Financial Sector Policies, and Long-Run Growth. Asli Demirgüç-Kunt World Bank. Ross Levine Brown University and the NBER. March Abstract: In this paper, we review research on (1) the relation between finance and growth and (2) the policy and institutional determinants of Cited by:
The Emerging Markets Investor. there appears to be large differences in the degree of market efficiency. Latin American markets, which are increasingly institutionalized and have a large participation of foreign institutional investors, appear highly efficient. stocks that trade at low multiples of earnings or net worth (book equity. Flows versus Initial Holdings in LAC6 and Emerging Markets, – Consumption Smoothing and Financial Globalization Portfolio Diversification and Risk Sharing in Selected Countries.
The Concept of Food Security. Food security is commonly defined as a state whereby “[ ] all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life” (FAO , paragraph 1).The definition of nutrition security goes even beyond that of food security by postulating Cited by: 9. The volatility in energy markets unsettled stock markets as well. with Germany’s DAX stock index losing % to 10, and the CAC 40 in France shedding % to 4, Britain’s FTSE
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Susmel, Raul, "Extreme observations and diversification in Latin American emerging equity markets," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. Downloadable. In this paper, we focus on the tails of the unconditional distribution of latin American emerging markets stock returns.
We explore their implications for portfolio diversification according to the safety first principle, first proposed by Roy (). We find that the Latin American emerging markets have significantly fatter tails than industrial markets, especially, the lower.
All Latin American countries strive for diversification of the exportable industrial production and the exploitation of new and non-traditional foreign export markets. Computing robust risk measures in emerging equity markets using extreme value theory.
Emerging Markets Quarterly, 4, 25–41; Silva, A. and Mendes, B., (). Value-at-Risk and extreme returns in. "Volatility Dependence and Contagion in Emerging Equity Markets" (with Sebastian Edwards), Journal of Development Economics, Vol.
66, December Download working paper (PDF File) "Extreme Observations and Diversification in Emerging Markets," Journal of International Money and Finance, Vol. 20, December Extreme Observations and Diversification in Latin American Emerging Equity Markets." ().
Finance and the Sources of Growth."Author: Ibrahim L. Stevens. In the cross-section of emerging markets, we find additional support for the correlation of the global economic cycle and ERP. 11 Frankel and Roubini () note that the recession among industrialised countries in – depressed prices and volumes for exports from emerging markets and contributed to the Latin American debt crisis.
For Cited by: Using either of the two measures, we find that the diversification benefits of emerging equity markets remain substantial after imposing short-sale constraints in these markets. The result holds when we limit our analysis to investable stocks, i.e., stocks that are available to nonnative investors and meet minimum size and liquidity by: Using the methodology developed by Fama () and Schwert (), we measure the degree to which six of the largest emerging equity markets in Latin America and Asia are rational in the sense that they incorporate domestic and global shocks to future expected cash flows and time variation in the discount rates that price these flows.
The Chilean, Mexican, and, to a lesser extent, Malaysian. In Emerging Markets Reached a Bear Market Level we noted the emerging markets index has declined %, which is considered to be in bear market territory.
The emerging markets index includes 24 countries classified as emerging countries. To see the country exposure, we examine the iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF holdings. China is about 31%, South Korea is about 15%, Taiwan is over. Basically all external debt issued by Latin American and Caribbean emerging markets is denominated 11 As these data cover only the period throughthey do not capture the recent repayments to.
The MSCI Emerging Markets Index is in a bear market territory, down % from its high in January. The investment industry defines a “bear market” as a % off its recent high, so we’ll go with it.
This isn’t the first time Emerging Markets have declined % or more since The. MSCI Emerging Markets Latin America Index: A free float-adjusted market capitalization weighted index that is designed to measure the equity market performance of emerging markets in Latin America.
MSCI Emerging Markets Mexico Index: Measures the performance of the large and mid cap segments of the Mexican market. With 30 constituents, the. equity markets. Moreover, in diversifying their portfolios toward emerging markets, rational investors should consider that the integration process might lower expected returns and increase correlations between emerging market and world market returns.
To the extent that the benefits of diversification are severely reduced by the. Foreign participation in emerging markets was fairly restricted until the s when many emerging-market countries deregulated their capital markets to foreign entry.
For example, Latin American countries began actively seeking foreign investment in Cited by: Financial theory suggeststhat higher returns should compensate for the higher volatility of emerging equity ng markets are expected to enjoy faster economic growth than developed economic growth should translate into faster growth in corporate earnings and thus,into higher equity market returns.
In this paper, we investigated the profitability of technical analysis as applied to the stock markets of the BRICS member nations. In addition, we searched for evidence that technical analysis and fundamental analysis can complement each other in these markets.
To implement this research, we created a comprehensive portfolio containing the assets traded in the markets of each BRICS by: 7. Costs of equity in Latin American emerging markets Tables A1 to A6 in the Appendix show the annual costs of equity for the different economic sectors in the six countries.
To obtain these results, simple averages of the costs of equity of all the securities in the same. The future of global economics depends on the wellbeing of sustainable economic growth and the expansion of banking systems.
Emerging Research on Monetary Policy, Banking, and Financial Markets is an essential reference source that discusses the complex nature of financial markets and the growth of developing economies.
FTSE Emerging Markets Index: A free float-adjusted market capitalization index that is designed to measure equity market performance of emerging markets. FTSE Emerging Markets All Cap China A Inclusion Index: a market-capitalization weighted index representing the performance of large, mid and small cap stocks in Emerging markets.
The index is. Provides a comprehensive survey of recent developments in international financial markets, including developments in emerging capital markets, bond markets, major currency markets, and derivative markets.
The report focuses on efforts by the major industrial countries to strengthen the management of financial risk and prundential oversight over the international banking system.
"Bloomberg Daybreak: Europe" live from London, tracking the breaking and top business news stories in the lead-up to the opening of European markets.
(Source: Bloomberg). This paper provides real-world techniques and optimum asset allocation strategies that can be applied to equity trading portfolios in emerging and illiquid financial markets.
Key market risk management methods and procedures that financial entities, regulators and policymakers should consider in formulating their daily market risk management objectives are examined and are adapted Cited by: 8. | https://pabehomuzy.astonmartingo.com/extreme-observations-and-diversification-in-latin-american-emerging-equity-markets-book-8326nz.php |
This year opens the Decade of Family Farming, which aims to improve the life of family farmers around the world. In an earnest discussion, two leaders in the global agriculture community reflect on the challenges facing family farmers, the promises of high- and low-tech solutions, and their hopes for the future. A conversation between Dr Trevor Nicholls, CEO of CABI and Dr Martin Kropff, Director General of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), was published by Rural 21 – The International Journal for Rural Development on how family farmers can face the future. The men also propose six key investments needed to help family farmers thrive in the next decade as part of special report by the Economist magazine’s Food Sustainability Index.
The two discuss the unique challenges facing family farms, how to keep young people interested in farming, the transformations that need to happen, climate change and hopes for the future.
You can read the full interview from the Rural 21 website.
Among the six key investments highlighted in the Economist article are the need to invest in women and youth, attract more young farmers into tech-smart farming, make climate-resilient crops more accessible, share practical plant health advice with family farmers, help family farmers diversify and grow more from less land and translate national and global goals into practical farming support.
More details on the six key investments are available on the Economist Food Sustainability Index website.
Additional information
In December 2017, Resolution A/RES/72/239 adopted by the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed 2019-2028 the United Nations Decade of Family Farming. The UN Resolution calls upon the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) to lead the implementation of the Decade in collaboration with other relevant organizations of the United Nations system and invites governments and other relevant stakeholders, including international and regional organizations, civil society, the private sector and academia, to actively support the implementation of the Decade.
Find out more from the Family Farming Knowledge Platform of the FAO Decade of Family Farming website. | https://blog.cabi.org/2019/07/12/embracing-change-how-family-farmers-can-face-the-future/ |
Once you file a worker’s compensation claim against your Georgia employer to recover compensation and monetary damages for personal injuries that you sustained while in the course and scope of employment, you will most likely find yourself having to answer one very crucial question:
Should I settle my worker’s compensation claim or take it to court?
The manner in which you answer this question carries with it some very serious consequences. Whether or not a settlement is the right decision for you in light of the unique circumstances underlying your worker’s compensation claim is not an easy assessment, to say the least.
Determining not only if you should settle, but also when to settle, how much to settle for, and how to go about settling your claim are all very complex questions that will require some guidance from an experienced workers comp attorney. If you find yourself in the Atlanta, Georgia area, experienced workers’ comp lawyer John B. Jackson comes highly recommended.
If you are struggling with whether to settle your worker’s compensation claim or even if you are still contemplating whether or not to even file a workers’ compensation claim in the first place, Mr. Jackson can help you receive the full and fair compensation for injuries that you have sustained on the job. If settling your workers’ comp claim is the right choice for you, this is not a legal endeavor that you should embark upon without some guidance from a legal representative.
Settling Your Workers’ Compensation Claim: An Overview
The beauty of settlement is that it isn’t mandatory. In fact, it is completely voluntary. You are under no mandatory obligation to settle. Similarly, if your employer or his insurance company is not amenable to your settlement terms, they are under no obligation to settle either. Nevertheless, Georgia law favors settlement whenever possible. Informal resolution is always preferred to the lengthy, expensive, not to mention mentally and emotionally draining process that inevitably comes with taking your claim to court.
If you do decide to settle, your settlement will require one of two processes depending upon whether your employer disputes your claim or not. The required documentation that is required under either type of settlement is best left to your workers compensation lawyers.
Should you decide to settle, you will likely receive compensation for your work-related injuries in one lump sum payment. You are entitled to workers compensation benefits for an extended period of time if you need ongoing medical treatment for your injuries. However, if you accept a lump sum settlement, you are essentially relinquishing your entitlement to any potential worker’s compensation benefits that you may have received in the future, if your ongoing care is not outlined in the settlement.
Some Key Considerations When Deciding Whether or Not to Settle Your Claim for Work-Related Injuries
If you settle, you forego weekly payment of your worker’s compensation benefits
While that nice lump sum may be the best choice for many injured workers, that is not always the case. The probable length of time that you may require future treatment or require time off of work may be a key indication that weekly benefits rather than a lump sum settlement payment is in your best interest.
Your lump sum settlement may be reduced by litigation costs
There are certain legal fees that may be deducted from your settlement proceeds. A Workers’ Compensation attorney can help you understand the nature and extent of these fees under your particular set of circumstances.
You will be unable to change your mind once the paperwork for your settlement is signed
Once your settlement has been approved, you will be unable to go back and do things differently. It may be possible to gain additional compensation after signing off on an injury, but it will not be easy or inexpensive. Should you decide to go the settlement route, ensure that this is truly the best decision for you. Take your time. Contact a legal representative. Do not feel pressured to settle your claim before fully understanding the repercussions.
Are you done treating and being evaluated for your work-related injuries?
Until you have a complete understanding of the nature and severity of your injuries, not to mention how much time your injury may inhibit you from working in the same capacity that you were in your pre-accident physical state. Ultimately, it will be nearly impossible for you to accurately predict or assess the value of your workers’ compensation claim – including the amount of compensation that you will require to be fully compensated for your injuries sustained on the job- absent a full understanding of the extent of your injuries.
Settlement and Social Security
The amount of social security benefits that you receive in the future may be reduced if you are also receiving workers’ compensation benefits. Ensuring that your social security benefits are not diminished, if not completely eliminated, will require a knowledgeable workers’ comp attorney to assess the impact of this contingency on your overall recovery and to ensure that any potential settlement is structured in such a way that your right to social security benefits is not in jeopardy.
What Happens After I Decide to Settle My Workers’ Compensation Claim?
For starters, your settlement will not be valid until it is approved by the Workers’ Compensation Board. While a hearing is often a requirement when pursuing a workers’ compensation claim, a hearing will not be required when you request approval from the board as to your settlement agreement. Rather, there is a plethora of paperwork that will need to be filled out and submitted to the board. As soon as your settlement is approved by the Workers’ Compensation Board, you can expect your lump sum payment in less than a month.
Consult with a Georgia Workers’ Compensation Attorney to Discuss Settling Your Case
At the end of the day, whether you have already filed a claim for injuries sustained on the job, your first step should be to contact an experienced compensation claim lawyer. You are 100% entitled to represent yourself under Georgia law. However, ensuring that you receive full monetary worker comp damages it is best left to a workers compensation lawyer to represent you. Allow the experienced attorneys at the Law Office of John B. Jackson to take it from here.
Our team of skilled lawyers will protect your rights. Call today to schedule a free consultation. | https://johnbjacksonlaw.com/settling-georgia-workers-compensation-claim/ |
CHRIS KENNY: Let’s cross down to Canberra and catch up with the Assistant Education Minister, Simon Birmingham; thanks for joining us, Simon.
SIMON BIRMINGHAM: Good evening, Chris; great to be with you.
CHRIS KENNY: First up, I want to ask you about Bill Shorten’s gay marriage bill that’s going to be introduced in to the lower house tomorrow. He was going to co-sponsor this bill with his deputy, Tanya Plibersek, but Tanya Plibersek has said today that she’ll gladly stand aside and allow a Liberal to second this bill so that it can be a bipartisan bill. Do you think that some Liberal, one of your colleagues in the lower house, should do that?
SIMON BIRMINGHAM: No I don’t, Chris. What I think needs to happen is that Bill Shorten should step aside and withdraw this bill. It’s entirely counterproductive to have the leader of the Labor Party, the leader of the opposition, promoting this issue in a partisan way. What would be far more helpful to those who want to see the issue progressed is for partisanship to be put aside, for the Labor leader to step aside voluntarily and to allow, as Tony Abbott rightly said in the Parliament last week, the Parliament to take the lead where ideally you would see a couple of backbenchers work together as has occurred on many other conscience votes in the past. That’s the traditional way of getting things done in a conscience vote scenario. Take it out of the party leadership and let the parliamentarians take charge which requires a couple of good, earnest, hardworking backbenchers to become the champions of this cause from opposite sides of the aisle.
CHRIS KENNY: But you’ve been one of the more active members on the Liberal side, campaigning for this reform yourself and talking to colleagues about possibilities. Surely, to get the Parliament involved you need a bill before the house and if there’s not one there then there’s a chance tomorrow to make it a bipartisan one.
SIMON BIRMINGHAM: Well bills have been around on this topic for a long time. Everybody knows that the threshold discussion to be had before we get to dealing with the bill properly, is whether or not the Liberal Party has a free vote or a conscience vote on the matter and that’s what is really required, I think Tony Abbott is…
CHRIS KENNY: …just on that, is that a threshold question to deal with beforehand? Isn’t Tony Abbott’s argument that the party room will deal with that issue when there’s a bill to be considered? Until the party rooms looking at a bill, you’re not going to decide whether or not you’ve got that conscience vote to be exercised?
SIMON BIRMINGHAM: and Chris, look, there are bills before the Parliament already, none of them of course have any likelihood of coming to a vote in the near future, nor does Bill Shorten’s bill have a likelihood of coming to a vote. But a properly structured arrangement where you have the traditional approach occur, where members working on opposite aisles came together to say “this is our intention” took it to their relevant party room and caucus to then enable that discussion to happen there. That’s the right way to go about this.
CHIRS KENNY: You’ve made that clear, but I’m very interested in this point about the conscience vote because I think there’s a lot of misinformation around on this. Many people in the media and certainly the Labor Party are saying “it’s up to Tony Abbott to allow a conscience vote” now my understanding is it’s actually up to the party room. The party room will make that decision for itself, but in order for it to do that it needs to be considering a bill, is that right? Is that the way the process will unfold on the government side?
SIMON BIRMINGHAM: Traditionally bills come to the party room; of course they’re traditionally brought to the party room by a Minister. What we would hope in this instance is that a member of the party room would say “it’s my intention to bring a bill forward” and that they would come to the party room in that sense, announcing they’re bringing a bill forward presumably in collaboration with a member from the other side and that would then facilitate or provoke the party room discussion on this topic. Yes, it is a party room decision; Tony Abbott made it crystal clear…
CHRIS KENNY: That’s right, it’s not for Tony Abbott to say whether or not there’s a conscience vote, the party room as a group will make that decision.
SIMON BIRMINGHAM: Tony made it crystal clear in the lead up to the last election that from his perspective this was a party room decision to be taken in the life of this Parliament at some stage and that’s what will happen at the right time.
CHRIS KENNY: Now do you believe that when that decision is made, there will be a conscience vote? Most of us seem to be assuming that the Liberal Party will now treat this as a conscience issue. Is there any chance that that could be wrong? Is there any chance that the Liberal Party would actually stick with this as a matter of policy, as a matter of a binding vote?
SIMON BIRMINGHAM: Chris, I don’t want to predict party room outcomes, but I’d say in the five years since I first declared my position on this issue, I’ve been heartened by the increasing number of colleagues in that time who’ve come to a view and said “this really should be a free vote, this should be a conscience vote” whether they support change or not. I think there’s been an increased body of people of that opinion. Ultimately, the party room will have that discussion. Party room decisions are traditionally tried to be consensus decisions so of course, hopefully, we will see a clear viewpoint in that regard around what should occur and I hope, of course, that it will be taken to be a conscience vote, take the partisanship out of this, then let everybody else get on with running the business of government, which is frankly what most of us overwhelmingly focussed on at present.
CHIRS KENNY: Just finally and quickly, do expect that this could happen before the end of the year or could it take longer than that?
SIMON BIRMINGHAM: I think there is a real possibility of it happening before the end of the year. I know there are colleagues, Warren Entsch of course has declared publically that he’s had discussions with members of the Labor Party, so those type of discussions are occurring which is all the more reason for Bill Shorten to take the step backwards, withdraw his bill, take the partisanship out of it and let those backbenchers engage in those discussions.
CHIRS KENNY: Now just on to this issue of citizenship and terrorists, we haven’t seen legislation yet but the government- the Prime Ministers announced changes, we’ve heard a lot of argy bargy in cabinet about this. Would there be any problem from your point of view if someone with only access to one citizenship that is Australian citizenship had it stripped having been fighting with Islamic State or the like overseas?
SIMON BIRMINGHAM: Chris I think the Prime Minister has applied the right approach to this in terms of saying that we have a clear policy to remove citizenship from Australians with dual nationality where they, of course, have undertaken act of terrorism or have been involved with these terrorist organisations. But in relation to Australians who only hold one citizenship, that being of course Australian citizenship, that we’re going to go through a proper process, that we’re sending Phillip Ruddock and Concetta Fierravanti-Wells out to consult, to seek expert opinion, to get a good sense of community sentiment. I of course understand that the general sentiment that says once somebody has gone to one of these foreign conflicts, undertaken these atrocities or been involved in it, frankly, we never want to see them here again. I get that sentiment and of course that is the temptation for all of us but…
CHRIS KENNY: …this was a back down forced on the Prime Minister in cabinet, is it? He wanted to go harder against people with single…
SIMON BIRMINGHAM: …No, No, I think the Prime Minister has been very clear that cabinet has overwhelmingly supported the proposal that was put to it, which included having this discussion process with the community about this issue…
CHRIS KENNY: …are you concerned about those leaks? Are you concerned that we’re hearing so much about discussions that are apparently occurring in cabinet?
SIMON BIRMINGHAM: Ah look, I never like it when in any environment there is a suggestion that confidential discussions may have been revealed publically. I trust and hope that many of these are perhaps not accurate quotations and that a lot of license may have been taken, but in reality we’re just focussed on the issues at hand and that’s where the government’s attention is and that is about removing citizenship from dual nationals involved in terrorist activities in anyway and having a proper discussion with the community about whether there is a means to take that further and if so, how we would go about doing it.
CHRIS KENNY: Just a couple of things to finish up with in your own portfolio, in the training area, you’ve got a bit of a spat, a fight over money, strangely enough, between Canberra and the State Labor Government in South Australia over TAFE funding, but more generally there’s a fascinating confrontation going on now between your government, the Abbott Coalition Government in Canberra, and the Jay Weatherill Labor Government in South Australia. You seem to be at war with each other with the Labor Government in South Australia even taking out television ads and the like campaigning with tax payers money campaigning against Canberra. I mean this is a ridiculous situation, isn’t it, for our federation to descend in to this type of sparring?
SIMON BIRMINGHAM: Ah Chris its completely outrageous that millions of South Australian tax payer dollars have been wasted on running ads and putting direct mail campaigns out against the Federal Government by the State Labor Government…
CHRIS KENNY: … but doesn’t that…sure that’s would you would say and of course the South Australian Government would make an argument for why they’re spending this money but doesn’t it just mean that when the relationship has descended to this level, that Tony Abbott and Jay Weatherill need to sit down and sort a couple of issues out? Because this is a ridiculous spat to be having at tax payer’s expense.
SIMON BIRMINGHAM: I think the Prime Minister and the Premier met when the Premier was last in Adelaide just a couple of weeks ago and I understand that was a positive discussion. Now, since then, yes I have an issue in my portfolio about the way the SA Government is approaching training funding and the fact that they are removing and stripping employers and students of choice in relation to that, that’s me attempting to uphold the terms of an agreement that the State Labor Government voluntarily signed with the Gillard Labor Government and making sure that they’re not just taking the money while ignoring the agreement. So, I think we’re acting appropriately in that regard, I don’t want to have a fight with my home state and I want to see every single dollar that can go to my home state, invested in it and I just hope that good common sense in relation to policy will prevail in SA on this issue.
CHRIS KENNY: Just finally, you’re an Aussie Rules fan and like me, I think you’re a fairly frustrated Adelaide Crows supporter this weekend, but I want to ask you, especially given that this was the reconciliation round in AFL, what you made of the Adam Goodes war dance that created such a fuss in Sydney on Friday night, did you see that as just a good and unique celebration? Was there any controversy warranted there?
SIMON BIRMINGHAM: I think there were some great celebrations of Indigenous Australians in Aussie Rules around the country this weekend and frankly, Adam Goodes’ dance was probably one of them. What on earth is different from that versus, say, the Hakka that is celebrated in terms of a war dance that’s performed by the New Zealanders in many areas of sport and frankly, in terms of Aussie Rules, we should be celebrating the fact that the biggest controversy going around in Aussie Rules at present is a debate about a dance, rather than in soccer where we are seeing corruption right at the heart of soccer and far more serious issues plaguing that sport.
CHIRS KENNY: I couldn’t agree with you more. Get your kids out of soccer, out of that corruption; get them out playing Aussie Rules. Thanks for your time, Simon Birmingham.
ENDS. | https://www.senatorbirmingham.com.au/interview-sky-news-viewpoint-chris-kenny/ |
Key Requirements:
Must have a Bachelor's degree, preferably in Accounting
Must have a minimum of 3-5 years of accounting experience
Real Estate accounting experience is strongly preferred
Experience with project accounting where critical thinking and collaboration with department leaders is required
Experience in development or construction accounting a major PLUS.
Strong technical systems knowledge; Experience with MRI or similar property management software a PLUS
Duties:
Prepare, reconcile and verify accounting information to contribute to accuracy and timeliness of the company’s financials.
Maintain records and support company’s accounting portfolio for large capital builds including ground-up developments, which may include: setting up contracts, timely payment of invoices, preliminary notices, lien releases, and closing out capital projects timely through coordination with Property Management and Development teams.
Preparation and posting of various month end journal entries
Perform post approval review of AP invoices
Maintain and update vendor information and Accounts Payable workflows
Income Statement variance analysis
General Ledger reconciliation
Click here to apply online
Details
Location
Kennesaw GA
Date Posted
1/29/2020
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The workout is in a circuit style consisting of 9 intervals. You’ll do 45 seconds work and take 20 seconds rest between each exercise. Then you’ll have 45 seconds rest between each round of the circuit and you’ll repeat the circuit 3 times!
The second exercise is quite complex so feel free to re-watch the demonstration a few times over if needs be, and also feel free to simplify it by picking out and performing just one part of the movement.
The onscreen video and voice instructions will guide you all the way! | https://activespirit.com.mt/courses/kettlebell-fullbody-circuit-intermediate/ |
The Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics (ACMS) at the University of Notre Dame invites applications for the position of assistant teaching professor. The position begins in August 2022. This renewable non-tenure track faculty position is expected to be a long-term continuing position with opportunities for promotion.
The responsibilities for the position are 75% teaching (3 courses per semester and a total of 6 courses in the academic year) and 25% service. Service normally consists of curriculum development related to these courses, training graduate students in teaching, and mentoring a small number of undergraduate students in independent study projects. Specifically, the teaching responsibilities will include development and teaching of a two-semester calculus sequence focusing on computing and applications involving a computer algebra system (CAS). Additional assigned courses may vary across undergraduate levels in applied mathematics and introductory statistics. The salary will be competitive with similar positions at comparable universities and depend on the candidate’s level of experience.
Qualifications
The successful candidate must have a doctorate in applied mathematics, mathematics, mathematics education, statistics, statistics education, or a related field and show success in teaching mathematics to students with varying levels of mathematical experience. For additional information about the position or ACMS, please contact the department chair, Jonathan Hauenstein at [email protected].
Application Instructions
To apply, please submit a letter of interest, curriculum vitae, description of educational and teaching experience, three letters of recommendation, and teaching evaluations from the past three years at the following link: https://apply.interfolio.com/99511. Inquiries may be addressed to Jonathan Hauenstein, department chair of ACMS at [email protected]. Review of applicants will begin immediately. | http://www.mathjobs.org/jobs/list/19129 |
Objectives: We sought to study EEG long-distance connectivity in the newborn period as measured by inter-hemispheric EEG coherence to determine if this biomarker might serve to identify infants at risk of autism and predict the severity of autistic features at outcome.
Methods: Thirteen pregnant women who were mothers of at least one child with an ADOS +/- ADI-R confirmed clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were recruited and followed through delivery. Their newborn infant (InfSib), at high risk of autism by virtue of being a sibling of the autistic proband, was followed prospectively from birth to 30+ months of age. Appropriate institutional approvals and consents were obtained. In the newborn period, ~ 42 weeks gestational age, high-density sleep EEG was collected in the InfSib. Neonatal sleep EEG coherence in the high risk InfSib was compared to a low risk age-matched normative data set (CHIME controls). InfSib developmental outcome measures at ~30 months of age, including the Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Behavorial Index (PDD-BI), were collected and analyzed for correlation with newborn sleep EEG coherence.
Results: Twelve of the 13 recruited mothers gave birth to live infants. Eleven had adequate neonatal sleep record at 42 for analysis and nine have outcome data at ~30 months. As a group, the CHIME controls showed coherence in active and quiet sleep in frequencies below 10 Hz with the highest coherence in the delta band, whereas coherence was significantly lower in the same frequencies in the high risk InfSibs group (p<0.01 at 2 Hz). Further, behavioral outcome in the InfSibs based on the Autism Severity Composite of the PDD-BI showed a strong negative correlation with the betaband EEG coherence measured in the neonatal period (r-value: - 0.77, p=0.02 at 26 Hz).
Conclusions: Long distance connectivity in the newborn period as measured by inter-hemispheric EEG coherence is a promising biomarker for identifying neonates at increased risk of developing an ASD. Further, our data suggest that decreased functional connectivity in the neonatal period may predict severity of autistic behaviors in two year olds. Sleeping EEG coherence in the newborn period should be further explored as a potential biomarker of autism risk and severity and may offer insight into the neurobiology and ontology of autism spectrum and related disorders. | https://imfar.confex.com/imfar/2015/webprogram/Paper20301.html |
Intel started Core 2 Extreme QX9300 sales on August 2008. This is Penryn architecture notebook processor primarily aimed at office systems. It has 4 cores and 4 threads, and is based on 45 nm manufacturing technology, with a maximum frequency of 2530 and a locked multiplier.
Compatibility-wise, this is an Intel Socket P processor with a TDP of 45 Watt.
It provides poor benchmark performance at 14.44 percent of a leader's which is AMD Ryzen 9 3900X.
General info
Of Core 2 Extreme QX9300 processor market type (desktop or notebook), architecture and sales start time and price.
Place in performance rating
Type
Laptop
Series
Core 2 Extreme
Achitecture codename
Penryn
Release date
August 2008
Technical specs
Core 2 Extreme QX9300's quantitative parameters such as cores and threads number, clocks, manufacturing process, cache size and multiplier lock state. These parameters indirectly say of Core 2 Extreme QX9300's performance, but to be more precise you have to review its test results.
Number of cores
4
Number of threads
4
Maximum frequency
2.53 GHz
of 5
FSB
1066 MHz
of 6400 (Core i7-990X EE)
L1 cache
64 KB
of 768
L2 cache
6144 KB (per die)
of 16384
Manufacturing process technology
45 nm
of 7
Die size
2x 107 mm2
64 bit support
+
Compatibility
Information on Core 2 Extreme QX9300 compatibility with other computer components. Useful when choosing a future computer configuration or upgrading an existing one.
Max number of CPUs in a configuration
2
of 8
Socket
P
Power consumption (TDP)
45 Watt
of 1055 (Core i9-10900KF)
Technologies and extensions
Technological solutions and additional instructions supported by Core 2 Extreme QX9300. You'll probably need this information if you require some particular technology.
Enhanced SpeedStep (EIST)
+
AMT
+
Security technologies
Core 2 Extreme QX9300 technologies aimed at raising security, for example, by protecting against hacks.
TXT
+
Benchmark performance
Non-gaming benchmarks performance of Core 2 Extreme QX9300. Overall benchmark performance is measured in points in 0-100 range.
Overall benchmark performance
14.44
3DMark06 CPU
3780
Cinebench 10 32-bit single-core
3114
Cinebench 10 32-bit multi-core
10882
Cinebench 11.5 64-bit multi-core
2.6
Game benchmarks
Let's see how good Core 2 Extreme QX9300 is for gaming compared with game system requirements. Remember that sometimes official requirements may reflect real performance inaccurately.
Relative perfomance
Overall Core 2 Extreme QX9300 performance compared to nearest competitors. All CPU types participate.
AMD equivalent
Advices and comments
Here you can ask a question about Core 2 Extreme QX9300, agree or disagree with our judgements, or report an error or mismatch. | https://technical.city/en/cpu/Core-2-Extreme-QX9300 |
Also See: Fishers Landing, NY ZIP Codes & ZIP Code Maps | Local Area Photos
The Fishers Landing Census Designated Place had a population of 90 as of July 1, 2017. Fishers Landing ranks in the lower quartile for Population Density and Diversity Index when compared to the other cities, towns and Census Designated Places (CDPs) in New York. See peer rankings below.
The primary coordinate point for Fishers Landing is located at latitude 44.2754 and longitude -76.0029 in Jefferson County. The formal boundaries for the Fishers Landing Census Designated Place (see map below) encompass a land area of 0.22 sq. miles and a water area of 0 sq. miles. Jefferson County is in the Eastern time zone (GMT -5). The elevation is 262 feet.
The Fishers Landing Census Designated Place (GNIS ID: 2584255) has a U1 Census Class Code which indicates a census designated place with an official federally recognized name. It also has a Functional Status Code of "S" which identifies a statistical entity.
The Fishers Landing Census Designated Place is located within Town of Orleans, a minor civil division (MCD) of Jefferson County.
Beneath the boundary map are tables with Fishers Landing population, income and housing data, five-year growth projections and peer comparisons for key demographic data. The estimates are for July 1, 2017.
Alternate Unofficial Names for Fishers Landing: Fisher Landing.
POPULATION
|Total Population||90|
|Daytime Population: Workers||135|
|Daytime Population: Residents||71|
|Total Daytime Population (TDP)||206|
|Ratio TDP/Total Population1||2.29|
|Population in Households||90|
|Population in Familes||74|
|Population in Group Qrtrs||0|
|Population Density2||404|
|Diversity Index3||11|
INCOME
|Median Household Income||$47,183|
|Average Household Income||$61,687|
|Per Capita Income||$28,298|
HOUSING
|Total Housing Units||265 (100%)|
|Owner Occupied HU||34 (12.8%)|
|Renter Occupied HU||7 ( 2.6%)|
|Vacant Housing Units||223 (84.2%)|
|Median Home Value||$259,375|
|Average Home Value||$274,242|
HOUSEHOLDS
|Total Households||42|
|Average Household Size||2.14|
|Family Households||30|
|Average Family Size||2|
|(Compound Annual Growth Rates)|
|
|
GROWTH RATES
|2010-2015||2015-2020|
|Population||0.15%||0.0%|
|Households||0.33%||0.0%|
|Families||-0.45%||-0.68%|
|Median Household Income||1.17%|
|Per Capita Income||2.88%|
The table below compares Fishers Landing to the other 1,196 incorporated cities, towns and CDPs in New York by rank and percentile using July 1, 2017 data. The location Ranked # 1 has the highest value. A location that ranks higher than 75% of its peers would be in the 75th percentile of the peer group.
|Variable Description||Rank||Percentile|
|Total Population||# 1185||1st|
|Population Density||# 1009||16th|
|Diversity Index||# 1002||16th|
|Median Household Income||# 931||22nd|
|Per Capita Income||# 722||40th|
Additional comparisons and rankings can be made with a VERY EASY TO USE New York Census Data Comparison Tool. | http://newyork.hometownlocator.com/ny/jefferson/fishers-landing.cfm |
Carleton Lab Research Spans Continents
Columbia Engineering’s Robert A.W. Carleton Strength of Materials Laboratory is conducting a comprehensive cable condition assessment for two Turkish suspension bridges linking Asia and Europe. A delegation of six officials and engineers from Turkey paid a visit to the lab May 12 to observe how the Carleton Lab is testing and analyzing wires harvested from load-bearing bridge cables to develop a high-confidence understanding of the bridges’ conditions.
“This project is the latest recognition of Carleton’s reputation and capabilities in structural and materials testing for bridges among other applications,” said Andrew Smyth, professor of civil engineering and engineering mechanics and the lab’s director of research.
Both the Bosphorus Bridge and the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge span the Bosphorus Strait in Istanbul, Turkey’s economic and cultural center, and are key arteries for the city’s commerce and commuting across continents. A third bridge, the Yaviz Sultan Selim Bridge, is under construction, but at present the two aging bridges are crucial infrastructure under heavy demand.
“The Bosphorus bridges represent, in many ways, the epitome of critical international infrastructure, serving as a link between worlds, the East and the West, continents, cultures, and areas of commerce,” said Adrian Brügger, manager of the Carleton Lab and a preceptor in the Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics. “Like other major achievements in engineering and science, these bridges became indispensable the moment they were opened, and it is now our responsibility to shepherd these structures and ensure their efficient and safe operation for future generations.”
Among the techniques the Carleton Lab is utilizing to assess the bridges are tensile testing, visual inspection, fatigue testing, chemical analysis, scanning electron microscope fractography, and crack detection. Initial on-site inspection in Istanbul included opening load-bearing cables and wedging them to document wire condition before removing wire for subsequent analysis in Morningside Heights.
The Turkish delegation’s visit kicked off a six-month testing regimen of the Bosphorus Bridge samples. | https://civil.columbia.edu/news/carleton-lab-research-spans-continents |
An organization is a place with definite goals and objectives. It has several people working to achieve those goals. Some work at a smaller level, while some work at a higher level. However, everyone works for the development of the organization. Planning, organizing, managing, controlling and sustaining are the keys to organizational growth and development. At the departmental level, all these tasks are done by the supervisory level people and the junior management. But, who is the person taking care of the overall planning and management at the organizational level?
Well, he/she is the executive director of the organization! An executive director is also termed or addressed as the chief executive officer of the organization, looking after the higher level management of administration, production, marketing, operational, quality and many such aspects, which constitute the business structure of the organization. ” (Buzzle 2000) Executive directors are what make sure everything is done correctly and if there are any problems the executive director does whatever he/she can to solve the problem.
So, what if an executive director “of an established not-for-profit, community-based organization provider that offers high quality educational, vocational, and training services to various segments of the local population; in response to the increasing dropout rates of high school students in the local community and a worsening financial situation at the local school district, the organization is considering the opportunity to offer basic skills and vocational training programs in the community.
The purpose of this new program is to equip high school dropouts with necessary skills needed to gain potential employment opportunities. The executive director has to justify the reasoning behind this new program and develop a complete launch plan, including a budget and consideration of environmental factors. The executive director must determine how data will be used to support the new program and consider human resources issues affecting this new program. ” (Axia College 2010) Sounds like a lot of work, but this is one of many different types of scenarios that an executive director has to handle.
In getting started with this plan the executive director must make a statement of opportunity. A statement of opportunity is a short, “clear and concise statement of the opportunity to be addressed”. (Axia College 2010) A statement of opportunity is like a mission statement. “A good mission statement should be lofty and inspiring, concise, capable of being easily understood and remembered, should reflect the organization’s fundamental purpose, and should indicate what the organization wants to accomplish in relation to the beneficiaries of its work.
Mission statements should be stated in terms of the agency’s projected ideal outcomes for the populations served. ” (Kettner 2000 pg. 72 phar. 2). The mission statement projected for this organization is: To provide high-quality educational, vocational, and training services throughout the community to help with the increasing high school dropout level and the decreasing funding for the school system to ensure community success. The organization will ensure that all high school dropouts of low income communities have the educational opportunities they deserve.
The organization will recruit high school students and mobilize high school dropouts by teaching them useful plans for their life and future. The next thing that the executive director needs to consider is how the issue will affect organizational structure. Organizational structure is very important it is what helps keep the employees organized in knowing what needs to be done. If an organization did not have organizational structure the business would not succeed because the employees would not know what to do. “Organizational structure can determine any or all of the following factors.
The focus of work and the extent to which an employee can use his or her independent expertise and judgment, locus of responsibility which is who is responsible and who will be held accountable for what types of accomplishments, supervision and direction which includes who will do performance appraisals and determine such factors as merit increases and promotions, the lines of communication which is who communicates with whom about what issues, the extent of participation in agency planning and decision making, and the extent to which a particular employee or unit can have an impact on organizational mission and goals. (Kettner 2000 pg. 87-88 phar. 3 & 1)
All of the different types of items that can affect organizational structure could eventually have an interaction with this type of issue that the executive director is facing. The focus of work needs to be done to allow all employees in the organization that are helping with this project to know that they may not always get to do what they want, but will be asked to do what is needed. The employees should know that they are asked to do certain things because they need to be done and each part of the organization is just as important as the next.
The locus of responsibility will be in this organization because each job title needs to know their duties and needs to be required to meet their duties. If a person is hired to do a job they are expected to do their job to the fullest extent and that means meeting all requirements of that position. Supervision is an important factor in organizational structure and supervision is not just in this organization, but all organization. Supervision is needed to make sure that things are being done correctly and on time.
If employees did not have supervision they may not stay on track and each employee themselves may try to be the leader, which can cause conflict. By allowing one person to lead projects and the organization; it adds structure and production to the organization. Lines of communication are one of the most important factors in an organization. If communication is not open and forward an organization can fail. It is crazy to think that an issue as small as good communication can make or break a business, but a person must look at a job like a relationship in a sense.
If the lines of communication are not open in a relationship the relationship normally fails. Employees need to know they can have an open professional communication relationship with their supervisor and the supervisor must feel they can have an open professional communication relationship with their employees. Open communication can allow for better success throughout an organization; it can also save time and confusion. The extent of participation is an organizational structure that can help develop the organization.
The extent of participation allows employees and supervisors to communicate on how different decisions can be made throughout the business. This can be used by allowing everyone in the project to communicate on different types of programs that can be developed to help with the high school dropout situation. Every person sees and understands things differently so different opinions can open the eyes of others to think about different routes to improvement.
Organizations committed to high levels of productivity, efficiency, effectiveness, and quality will attempt to structure themselves in a way that facilitates full participation in decision making on those decisions that affect the quality or quantity of work performed. Agency structure can make a difference in terms of the opportunities that are provided for full staff interaction around important work-related and productivity-related issues. ” (Kettner 2000 pg. 90 phar. 2) Environmental factors will have a toll on the success of the project in this organization.
Environmental factors help in making a business a business. There are internal and external environmental factors that help with the business. “An agency’s external environment refers to everything outside the boundaries of the agency or organization itself. ” (Kettner 2000 pg. 65 phar. 7) According to Kettner the four external environmental factors are “customers (both distributors and users), suppliers of materials, labor, capital, equipment, and work space, competitors for both markets and resources; and regulatory groups, including governmental agencies, unions, and interfirm associations. ” (2000 pg. 6 phar. 1)
So the four external environmental factors are: customers, suppliers, competitors, regulatory groups. When looking at specifically human service organizations Kettner says that the four external environmental factors are: funding sources, sources of non cash revenue, clients and client sources, and other constituents. (2000 pg. 66 phar. 2) When looking at all the items that are stated to be external environmental factors a person can see that they are in four categories: economic factors, sociological factors, technological factors, and political/professional factors. (Kettner 2000 pg. 66 fig. 3. )
When examining internal environmental factors, “Netting, Kettner, and McMurtry (1998), synthesizing from a number of sources and applying them specifically to human service organizations, identify the variables of corporate authority and mission, leadership style, organizational and program structure, programs and services, personnel policies, and technical resources. ” (Kettner 2000 pg. 71 phar. 6) After further examination there was a list of six internal environmental factors developed: Organizational purpose, mission, and philosophy Organizational planning Organizational operations Human resources
Technological resources Financial resources (Kettner 2000 pg. 71 phar. 7) After the executive director has studied and made knowledge of all the environmental factors he/she most note which ones are going to or already affecting their project. Funding sources and sources of none cash revenue is one of the main issues that are going on with the community that can and is affecting the organizations project. The reason for this is because “the local economy situation is depressed due to steady job losses resulting from employers relocating to other cities and communities that offer better economic incentives to employers.
As a result local taxes that support funding of high school programs have declined significantly in recent years. The reduction has caused local school districts to lose significant financial resources to retain good teachers or fill vacant teachers’ positions. ” (Axia College 2010) Since schools are turning bad more students are dropping out; “in the last two years the high school dropout rate had climbed to fifteen percent from five percent”. (Axia College 2010) Since the rate is increasing so much, customers will not be a problem.
There will be plenty of customers for the organization, but the problem is, is there enough money to cover all the customers that need help? Adding to the need of money to help take care of the customers “the organization needs to plan for the recruitment and hiring of experienced trainers and other highly skilled technical staff to start the proposal program. The tight financial resources available make finding qualified personnel a challenge. ” (Axia College 2010)
If there are any other organizations trying to compete with this organization they may win if they have more money for the business and are able to offer the customers more opportunities. The mission for the organization is set, but the only hard part is making sure that it can be successfully completed. With any project there needs to be a budget set, especially, a project with limited funds. The following is the budget plan for the first year with the amount of one thousand students.
The executive director has a lot under his/her belt to consider in the budget area. If one of the areas end up spending more money than planed it will mess up the whole budget. The budget must be stuck to. With limited amount of money and limited amount of staff that can be employee the organization must make sure that the employees that they do have they do not loss. A good reward system will have to be set into play to push employees as far as they can go. The following is the award system that will be put into play. GoalRequirementsRewardBenefit
Individual AttendanceAt six month mark management will check to see which employees missed less than two days. The employees that missed less than two days will get one day off paid that will not count to the days missed in the next six month check. Encourage employees to come to work. Company AttendanceAt the six month check the management will check to see if the between all the people in the company there were no more than twenty-five days missed. If less then twenty-five days of work was missed between all employees then all the employees will have a paid day of fun.
The business will pay each employee for a full day of work and all employees will be treated to a day of fun together at the manager’s choice of local exciting activities in the area. Encourage employees to come to work and to also encourage co-workers to come to work. Individual ComplaintsNo individual complaints for six months. Employee is allowed to show up two hours later than normal for a week. Will encourage employees to make sure customers are happy so they can get extra sleep for a week. Company ComplaintsNo company complaints for a full month. Special breakfast provided by management.
Encourages employees to make clients happy and encourage co-workers to keep a smile on their face and make clients happy. Individual Client SuccessAt least two full client success rates in a month. Receives a certificate at monthly company meeting and a point to the end of the year reward that is given to the employee with the most client success rate. Makes employees work harder to try and satisfy and successfully improve the life of the clients. Company Client SuccessAt least two full client success rates in a week for eight weeks. Company is rewarded with a three hour lunch break.
Encourages employees to be successful with their clients and to help co-workers learn to be successful with their clients. End of year company success rewardCompany must have less than fifty days missed out of work, less than twenty complains, and at least ninety full success stories. Every employee will receive a bonus of twenty percent extra of what they normally make in a month. Encourage each individual employee to work hard all year long and to encourage all co-workers to work hard all year long which will help boost teamwork throughout the company. Employee individual success reward.
One client success rate a week. No missed days. No complaints. All for a full month. Employee of the month. Picture posted at entrance of business and front row parking in a special spot for a full month. Encourages each employee to be all they can be which in return will allow for an outstanding business. Not only will a good reward system help, but an appraisal system should be used. The following appraisal system will be put into play in the organization. Performance Appraisals Format. Twice a year all employees shall have a performance appraisal completed by their immediate supervisor.
This supervisor will have the assistance of two other peer employees that work closely with the employee being appraised. The supervisor and peer employees will look over the job duty checklist and employee handbook and evaluate the employee on the standards required for their specific job title. Upon completing the evaluation the employee being appraised will receive a copy of that checklist with all the evaluations that were discussed listed beside each item. Timing. The first performance appraisal of the year shall be completed between February 1 and February 20 of each year.
The second performance appraisal of the year shall be completed between August 1 and August 20 of each year. Process. Twice a year on February 1 and on August 1 there will be a conference for all employees and supervisors. All employees and supervisors will be given a forum that will require all employees to sign stating that they will be upfront and honest throughout the whole appraisal. Once the appraisals are completed the supervisor and the peer appraisal helpers must sign off on the appraisal and must take it to the employee and have him/her sign off on the appraisal and then a copy must be made.
The copy is given to the evaluated employee and the original is filed. Appeals on Performance Appraisals “When there are disagreements on matters associated with performance appraisal, they shall be referred to the appeals committee. The committee shall be composed of two persons representing the rank of the employee who filed the appeal, two persons representing the rank of the person who completed the performance appraisal, and one person representing management.
Demographic characteristics shall be representative of the organization. The committee shall make a recommendation to the executive director, whose decision shall be final. ” (Kettner 2000 pg. 332 phar. 1) In conclusion, the organization that is planning on helping high school students can be successful if they stick to the budget and follow through with the reward system and the appraisal system to keep encouraging employees to recruit as many high school students as possible. In return, if igh school students become successful in the community the communities’ bad economic creases could improve. With improvement the high school dropout percentage could decrease.
References
- Axia College. (2010). Appendix A. Retrieved from Axia College, HSM 220 website.
- Buzzle. (2000). Executive Director Job Description. Retrieved from http://www. buzzle. com/articles/executive-director-job-description. html
- Kettner, P. M. (2000). Achieving Excellence in the Management of Human Services Organizations. Boston. Pearson Education, Inc. | https://graduateway.com/scenario-solution-essay/ |
Background: Infants born <30 weeks' gestation are at increased risk of long term neurodevelopmental problems compared with term born peers. The predictive value of neurobehavioural examinations at term equivalent age in very preterm infants has been reported for subsequent impairment. Yet there is little knowledge surrounding earlier neurobehavioural development in preterm infants prior to term equivalent age, and how it relates to perinatal factors, cerebral structure, and later developmental outcomes. In addition, maternal psychological wellbeing has been associated with child development. Given the high rate of psychological distress reported by parents of preterm children, it is vital we understand maternal and paternal wellbeing in the early weeks and months after preterm birth and how this influences the parent-child relationship and children's outcomes. Therefore this study aims to examine how 1) early neurobehaviour and 2) parental mental health relate to developmental outcomes for infants born preterm compared with infants born at term.
Methods/design: This prospective cohort study will describe the neurobehaviour of 150 infants born at <30 weeks' gestational age from birth to term equivalent age, and explore how early neurobehavioural deficits relate to brain growth or injury determined by magnetic resonance imaging, perinatal factors, parental mental health and later developmental outcomes measured using standardised assessment tools at term, one and two years' corrected age. A control group of 150 healthy term-born infants will also be recruited for comparison of outcomes. To examine the effects of parental mental health on developmental outcomes, both parents of preterm and term-born infants will complete standardised questionnaires related to symptoms of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress at regular intervals from the first week of their child's birth until their child's second birthday. The parent-child relationship will be assessed at one and two years' corrected age.
Discussion: Detailing the trajectory of infant neurobehaviour and parental psychological distress following very preterm birth is important not only to identify infants most at risk, further understand the parental experience and highlight potential times for intervention for the infant and/or parent, but also to gain insight into the effect this has on parent-child interaction and child development. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24758605/?dopt=Abstract |
A new moving novel of three men, each searching for something they have lost.
The game was always the lifeblood coursing through John's veins: manipulating people for his enjoyment, or his enrichment...or his spite. But it was never enough. The ghost of his beloved brother, and the bitter disappointment of his father, have shadowed him all his life. But now that lifeblood is slowing down, and he's not sure if God will listen to his pleas for forgiveness.
Three men, searching for some version of home, their lives moving inexorably toward a reckoning that will draw them all together.
©2018 Donal Ryan (P)2018 Blackstone Audio, Inc.
Wow! I hardly know where to begin with this review.
I don’t write a lot of reviews, but I just had to with this book.
First of all, having listen to other books by the author, and seeing the list of amazing narrators, made this an automatic must listen.
I didn’t even need to listen to the sample, I just bought it.
From the very first line of Farouk’s story, I was completely engrossed in this book.
The author gives you a small glimpse into what it is like to live in a war torn country, and what makes people willing to risk everything for a better life.
Lampy, his mom, and grandfather seem to love and frustrate one another in equal measure.
John and Farouk Both experienced great life-changing tragedy that was beyond their control but each of them handled it quite differently.
I hope this isn’t too much of a spoiler, but John was really not a likable character.
He did so me pretty despicable things and hurt a lot of people.
That being said, I still felt sympathetic towards him and hoped he found The peas and absolution that he was desperately seeking.
I think that Gerard Doyles portrayal of John may be one of his best audio performances yet.
That’s saying a lot, because as I stated in another review, I would gladly listen to him read the phonebook.
All of the narrators did an outstanding job.
I am very glad that they chose to use multiple narrators for this book.
Each of them brought the characters to life.
Donal Ryan is a brilliant storyteller.
This book had the perfect balance of heart break and humor.
Until literally the last few minutes of the book, I could not see how he was going to bring these characters together.
In my opinion, this is his best book so far.
I hope it receives the attention it deserves here in the US.
This beautiful book will wreck you.
A beautiful, lyrical, and gracefully written book! This is my first book written by Donal Ryan, but it will not be my last.
There are 3 protagonists. First we meet Farouk, a Syrian refugee hoping to escape his homeland with his wife and daughter. The depth and importance of this section of the book reminded me of some other recent reads, including Refugee by Gratz and Exit West by Hamid. For me it was the part of the book that I found most moving. It was gentle and emotional, and deeply tragic. It was an exploration of love and loss which brought tears to my eyes. At the end of this section when we moved on to meet the second protagonist I was very sad. I knew that I wanted more of his story. I cared deeply about what happened to him. For me, he was the heart of the novel.
Our second protagonist is a young Irish man named Lampy who is struggling to recover from a broken heart. He is a caretaker, who lives at home with his mother and grandfather. This section is sometimes sweet, often moving, and sometimes hilarious. I liked his story, but it seemed far more mundane and common then that of Farouk. Because of that Lampy was the most relatable for me as I have felt the same emotions at a time in my life when I was attempting to heal a broken heart.
Our third protagonist, John, is the least likable of the three. He is in his 40s, married to a woman whom he describes as thin lipped and wide hipped. They share three children. But he allows himself to fall in love with a much younger woman, and carries on an affair with her. When the affair fails he is angry and makes decisions that alter the course of many lives. He is not a nice man, but is a vivid character who is so well-drawn that he feels real. And somehow Ryan drew this unlikable man in such a way that I ended up hoping for him to fix the mess he made of his life.
At one point in the third section of the book I was starting to get angry at the author for devastating me by leaving Farouk at about page 50. But thankfully the last section devastated me in a completely different way. All of our characters are reintroduced and connected. I won't spoil the rest by saying any more. Rest assured, it is stunning, beautiful and will wreck you if you have a heart to be wrecked.
Not a overwhelmingly compelling story but well crafted and written, divided into multiple character perspectives, that brings their actions together in the end, to me, not so inevitably. I read this novel in one sitting with the Audible performance accompanying. The performances were modulated and paced well. The voices were pleasant and cast carefully to the characters. Ryan is in my top ten of novelist. I have read all of his earlier works. FROM A LOW AND QUIET SEA seems formulaic—I hate to say that, maybe that is the form or structure. But there is a lot of spark in this story. It is like a moss-covered castle one see throughout Ireland, roofless, doorless, reigning in 1200 or so.
Normally I'm thrilled when I see a full cast recording for an audiobook. For me, that made this one an instant buy! However, I was left utterly disappointed. Multiple narrators I couldn't hear--their speech was whispery and low. No matter how loudly I turned up the volume, I struggled to understand their words. Also, the audio quality drastically varied from narrator to narrator.
Ultimately, this audiobook hindered my ability to enjoy this text, and unfortunately on top of this? The text was lacking. Donal Ryan has gorgeous skill sentence by sentence, but he lacks the ability to craft his stories outside of that pretty writing. This is a short book and it dragged on and on. | https://www.audible.com/pd/From-a-Low-and-Quiet-Sea-Audiobook/B07F192N1G |
Elohim (אֱלוֹהִים , אלהים) is a Hebrew word which expresses concepts of divinity. It is apparently related to the Hebrew word ēl, though morphologically it consists of the Hebrew word Eloah (אלוה) with a plural suffix. Elohim is the third word in the Hebrew text of Genesis and occurs frequently throughout the Hebrew Bible. Its exact significance is often disputed.
In some cases (e.g. Ex. 3:4 ...Elohim called unto him out of the midst of the bush...), it acts as a singular noun in Hebrew grammar (see next section), and is then generally understood to denote the single God of Israel. In other cases, Elohim acts as an ordinary plural of the word Eloah (אלוה), and refers to the polytheistic notion of multiple gods (for example, Ex. 20:3 Thou shalt have no other gods before me.). This may reflect the use of the word "Elohim" found in the late Bronze Age texts of Canaanite Ugarit, where Elohim ('lhm) was found to be a word denoting the entire Canaanite pantheon (the family of El אל, the patriarchal creator god).
In still other cases, the meaning is not clear from the text, but may refer to powerful beings (e.g. Gen. 6:2 the sons of Elohim saw the daughters of men that they were fair; and they took them for wives..., Ex. 4:16 and you [Moses] will be as Elohim to him [Aaron], Ex. 22:28 Thou shalt not curse Elohim, or curse a ruler of your people, where the parallelism suggests that Elohim may refer to human rulers). See Sons of God for more insight into this suggestion.
Hebrew Grammar
Elohim has plural morphological form in Hebrew, but it is used with singular verbs and adjectives in the Hebrew text when the particular meaning of the God of Israel (a singular deity) is traditionally understood. Thus the very first words of the Bible are breshit bara Elohim, where bara ברא is a verb inflected as third person singular masculine perfect. If Elohim were an ordinary plural word, then the plural verb form bar'u בראו would have been used in this sentence instead. Such plural grammatical forms are in fact found in cases where Elohim has semantically plural reference (not referring to the God of Israel).
In most English translations of the Bible (e.g. the King James Version), the letter G in "god" is capitalized in cases where Elohim refers to the God of Israel, but there is no distinction between upper and lower case in the Hebrew text.
Significance in the documentary hypothesis
The choice of word or words for God varies in the Hebrew Bible. Some scholars view these variations as evidence of different source texts, the "documentary hypothesis." According to many proponents of this theory, Elohim is consistently used in texts that reflect the early northern traditions of the Kingdom of Israel, whereas Yahweh ('Jehovah', Latin 'Iéhova') is consistently used in texts that derive from the early southern traditions, of the Kingdom of Judah and Jerusalem. Biblical scholars have found it useful to distinguish between "E" traditions and "J" traditions, the "Elohist" and the "Yahwist." Elohim is a plural from the same root as singular El and Eloah.
Etymology
Template:Cleanup-date The etymology of the word Elohim is unknown. There are many theories, however, including the following:
- Hebraist Joel M. Hoffman (In the Beginning: A Short History of the Hebrew Language) derives the word from the common Canaanite word elim, with the mater lectionis heh inserted to distinguish the Israelite God from other gods. He argues that elohim thus patterns with Abram/Abraham and Sarai/Sarah. (See also Yahweh.)
- Karel van der Toorn ("Elohim," in Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible (DDD)) repeats the common claim that elohim is the plural of eloah, but D. Pardee, also in DDD, notes the lack of any clear etymology for eloah.
- Some trace its origin in el or ul which may mean ("to be strong") or possibly ("to be in front"), from which also are derived ayil ("ram", the one in front of the flock) and elah (the prominent "terebinth"); Elohim would then be an expanded plural form of El. (However, Semitic etymologies are actually generally based on triconsonantal roots, which this proposal completely ignores.)
- Others relate the word (and Eloah, "a god") to alah ("to terrify") or alih ("to be perplexed, afraid; to seek refuge because of fear"). Eloah and Elohim, therefore, would be "He who is the object of fear or reverence," or "He with whom one who is afraid takes refuge".
- Some Biblical scholars tend to resist making connections with the father god of Ugarit, El, due to the uncertainty of religious links between Canaanite and Israelite religion. Instead they focus on the common Semitic linguistic background of these two cultures. Others find the similarities between texts of Ugarit and the Bible useful evidence of a common tradition.
The form of the word Elohim, with the ending -im, is plural and masculine, but the construction is usually singular, i.e. it governs a singular verb or adjective when referring to the Hebrew god, but reverts to its normal plural when used of heathen divinities (Psalms 96:5; 97:7). There are many theories as to why the word is plural:
- In one view, predominant among anthropomorphic monotheists, the word is plural in order to augment its meaning and form an abstraction meaning "Divine majesty".
- Among orthodox Trinitarian Christian writers it is sometimes used as evidence for the doctrine of the Holy Trinity.
- In another view that is more common among a range of secular scholars, heterodox Christian and Jewish theologians and polytheists, the word's plurality reflects early Judaic polytheism. They argue it originally meant "the gods", or the "sons of El," the supreme being. They claim the word may have been singularized by later monotheist priests who sought to replace worship of the many gods of the Judean pantheon with their own singular patron god YHWH alone.
A plural noun governing a singular verb may be according to oldest usage. The gods form a heavenly assembly where they act as one. In this context, the Elohim may be a collective plural when the gods act in concert. Compare this to English headquarters, which is plural but governs a singular verb: there are many rooms or quarters, but they all serve one purpose. Thus, it is argued, the meaning of Elohim therefore can mean one god, with many attributes.
The alternative polytheist theory would seem to explain why there are three words built on the same stem: El, Elohim, and eloah. El, the father god, has many divine sons, who are known by the plural of his name, Elohim, or Els. Eloah, might then be used to differentiate each of the lesser gods from El himself.
While the words El, Elohim, and eloah are clearly related, with the word El being the stem, some have claimed it is uncertain whether the word Elohim is derived from El through eloah. These people have suggested that the word Elohim is the masculine plural of a feminine noun, used as a singular. This would imply indeterminacy in both number and gender, although, as mentioned above, from Canaanite texts in Ugarit, this is what appears to be intended in this case. However, to many this is speculative and confusing, although consistent with many other Jewish and Christian views of the nature of the Godhead.
Note that contrary to what is sometimes assumed, the word Eloah (אלוה) is quite definitely not feminine in form in the Hebrew language (and does not have feminine grammatical gender in its occurrences in the Bible). This word ends in a furtivum vowel (i.e. short non-syllabic [a] element which is part of a lowering diphthong) followed by a breathily-pronounced final [h] consonant sound — while feminine Hebrew words which end in "ah" have a fully syllabic [a] vowel which is followed by a silent "h" letter (which changes to a [t] sound in the grammatical "construct state" construction, or if suffixes are added). The pronounced [h] (or he mappiq) of Eloah never alternates with a [t] consonant sound (the way that silent feminine "h" does), and the [a] "furtivum" element in Eloah is actually a late feature of masoretic pronunciation traditions, which wouldn't have existed in the pronunciation of Biblical times.
The meaning of Elohim is further complicated by the fact that it is used to describe the spirit of the dead prophet Samuel, raised by Saul in 1 Samuel 28:13. The witch of Endor tells Saul that she sees 'gods' (elohim) coming up out of the earth; this seems to indicate that the term was indeed used simply to mean something like 'divine beings' in ancient Israel.
Elohim in Islam
In the context of Islam, some scholars have highlighted that the divine name Allah, used in the Qur'an, has a cognate relationship with the word "Eloah (אלוה)".
Elohim in Mormonism
In Mormonism, the word Elohim (also spelled Eloheim) usually refers specifically to God the Father, as a wholly separate and distinct being from Jesus. Mormons typically refer to Jesus as Jehovah (Yahweh), whom they consider to be the God of the Old Testament. The plural grammatical form of Elohim is generally recognized by Mormons as meaning "the council of the gods" in the creation story, and suggesting the potential for mortal men as children of God the Father to become like him in every way through the mediation of God the Son, i.e. Jesus Christ (see John 17:19-23). This plurality of divine beings and the participation of the premortal spirit children of God in the fulfillment of God's purposes is particularly evident in the creation story as recounted in chapter 4 of the Book of Abraham in the Pearl of Great Price. See also: Godhead (Mormonism), Pearl of Great Price (Mormonism).
Elohim in Raëlianism
Raëlians claim that in 1973, a French journalist named Raël (which is claimed to mean The messenger of the Elohim) was contacted by a visitor (Yahweh) from another planet who informed him, among other things, that the word in question means "those who came from the sky". | https://www.monstropedia.org/index.php?title=Elohim |
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an acoustic gas temperature measuring device preventing disturbance due to a jetting flow amount and a flow rate of a sediment removing gas in gas temperature measurement while effectively removing sediment in acoustic temperature measurement of a gas including dust.
SOLUTION: In an aperture arranged in a wall face 3 of a boiler furnace 1 surrounding the gas to be measured, temperature measuring sound wave transmitters 7 and 11 and temperature measuring sound wave receivers 9 and 13 are arranged in waveguides 6 and 10, and sound waves for removing the sediment and sound waves for measuring a temperature can be transmitted inside the waveguides 6 and 10. If sediment removing purge gas sound by means of purge means 14 and 14 becomes noise when gas temperature measuring sound waves are transmitted by means of the sound wave transmitters 7 and 11, acoustic gas temperature measurement can be carried out accurately when the purge gas flow amount is reduced or stopped before transmission of the gas temperature measuring sound waves. Because the sediment removing sound wave are transmitted simultaneously, the sediment inside the waveguide can be moved or sedimentation can be prevented.
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ENERGY FLOW IN ECOSYSTEM:
Food chain:
ECOLOGICAL PYRAMID:
Limitations of ecological pyramids:
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Ecosystem is the interaction of living organisms with their environment. Biotic and abiotic components constitute the physical structure of ecosystem. Productivity and decomposition are another components of ecosystem.
Nutrient cycling means movement of nutrients through various component of ecosystem. This includes sedimentary and gaseous cycle where phosphorous is an element which is found on earth it flows in cyclic manner while carbon is found in gaseous state it cycles and return back to atmosphere.
Ecological succession is gradual and predictable change in species composition of given area.Succession in plants are of two types: xerarch and hydrarch succession.
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Minimally Invasive Lumbar Decompression Treatment is a procedure in which the target of lumbar decompression surgery is achieved with minimal collateral tissue trauma. In Minimally Invasive Lumbar Decompression special technique, nerve roots at both the sides of the spine can be decompressed by making single-sided keyhole entry in the lamina.
Lumbar stenosis is a condition caused by in narrowing of the spine. It is due to arthritis, bone spur formation, thickening of the spinal ligaments and possibly bulging of the spinal discs, which is more common at old age. It might occasionally occur even in young if there is a genetic factor. It can cause symptoms such as back pain and sciatica, which results in pain in a leg, possibly with weakness, numbness and prickling. Sciatica is also known as radiculopathy, is caused by pinching of a nerve in the back. Most commonly, Lumbar spinal stenosis causes neurogenic claudication, a condition that causes pain, weakness, and or numbness with standing or walking. Typically, this condition is relieved by flexing the back, sitting or lying down. Standing straight is often difficult and patients may stand slightly bent over and may walk further with some support. MRI is done for the diagnosis. Minimally invasive surgery is often an option if surgery is required to treat this condition.
In Minimally Invasive Lumbar Decompression treatment procedure patient is positioned face-down on the operation table. Fluoroscopy is done by surgeon to confirm the right location of the incision by using an intraoperative X-ray. An incision of length about an inch is done on one side of the mid of the back at the surgical level. Dilators are placed one by one to split the muscle down to the lamina, the back part of the spine. Then a retractor is placed to hold the muscle tissue back to access to the spine for surgery. Surgeon removes overlying soft tissue by viewing through a microscope and the bone is exposed. After that bone spurs and the lamina on the side of the approach are removed. This technique is known as a lumbar laminectomy or lumbar decompression. The spinous mechanism is then undercut after tilting the table. The frontal part of the lamina on the farther side may then be removed. Special biting tools are used to open and cut the ligament underneath the bone. The disc can also be checked.
Advantages of doing Minimally Invasive Lumbar Decompression treatment over the traditional open approach are
By Minimally Invasive Lumbar Decompression Treatment, we can avoid spinal fusion in a large number of patients which mean we can preserve the natural mobility and dynamics of the spine while achieving the preset goal of decompressing the spinal nerves.
Traditional open back surgery can be beneficial for patients with scar tissue from prior surgeries, spinal deformities, or excessive obesity. | https://www.punespine.com/minimally-invasive-lumbar-decompression-treatment-in-pune/ |
Stiles Machinery has announced that registration is open for their popular Manufacturing Solutions Seminar, set to take place May 1-3, 2018, at their technology showroom and finishing lab in High Point, North Carolina.
This event is designed to help manufacturers throughout North America identify the right solutions to help their companies not only succeed but thrive. Guests are invited to discover greater efficiency through production cell demonstrations, gain valuable insights from industry experts, and hear first-hand from fellow industry members on how they’re tackling issues present in today’s manufacturing world.
Due to the high-level of interest in this event, Stiles has opened up a second day of panel processing to accommodate the busy schedules of manufacturing professionals across the country, expanding this event to three days of manufacturing solutions.
On Tuesday, May 1 and Thursday, May 3, guests will have the opportunity to hear from Stiles’ experts in panel processing, including live demonstrations using state-of-the-art panel dividing equipment, including a fully-automatic work cell with integrated robotics and the latest technology in saw operator assistance.
On Wednesday, May 2, guests will have the opportunity to witness a wide variety of solutions in solid wood manufacturing and finishing technology, including a continuous work cell production of a five-piece door, money-saving tooling technologies, and innovative solutions in sawing, sanding and finishing, designed to help manufacturers achieve higher performance and yield. | https://hardwoodfloorsmag.com/2018/03/13/stiles-plans-set-stage-growth-upcoming-manufacturing-solutions-seminar-may/ |
I’m studying for my Management class and need an explanation.
there are two person’s opinion about the discussion board questions. i have to reply them separately.
just give your opinion. no need for citation.
example:
reply for person 1 post……
reply for person 2 post….
Question: For this assignment please locate a case study or article or video of your choice on a topic from the list below. You may use our University Online Library or an internet search using a search engine such as Google Scholar to locate your source. Write a summary of your selection and contrast its content with the processes described in the course reading assignments. Base your opinion and analysis upon your own experiences, readings from the text, or any other reference you deem appropriate.
- Project Planning as a Management Function
- Components of the Project Management Plan
- Stakeholder Identification
- Establishing Project Priorities
- Project Constraints
(Please include the title and author of your article/case study at the top of your initial post. If your source is a video please include its URL (Internet address) at the top of your initial post in addition to its title and author.)
Person1 post: (Deepika)
Title: Project prioritization: a guide by The Digital Project Manager
By Ben Aston
In this article Ben Aston as a project manager in a digital industry for more than 15 years put his focus on prioritizing items during the project. The targets of digital project managers are to prioritize the project in right order and to make sure the right part of the project is being worked. Not only prioritizing a project but also task under the project is to be prioritize as well.
- How to Prioritize Projects?
- Learn About Project Scoring
- Determine Your Criteria
- Gather Your Project Data
- Organize Your Projects In A Scoring Sheet
- Present Your Findings
How Important Is Prioritization?
According to the Plan View’s Project and Portfolio Management Landscape Report prioritizing comes under second biggest challenge to the organizations. According to the research done by McKinsey on 1500 professionals only 9% were happy om their time allocation. A lot of researchers mentioned on the importance of setting priorities on project in order. Prioritizing is a new challenge in a workplaces where a lot of tasks pops up in daily basis. If those tasks are not taken care on time or delayed, another chaos will occur. Therefore, prioritization is a significant challenge at a workplace and in a personal life.
How To Prioritize Tasks At Work?
Steps about how to prioritize or list the priorities are discussed below.
Step 1: Make A List Of Your Tasks
While making a list of own tasks, the best way is to write them all in a paper and add them to a whiteboard. Another way is to map them using brain or software and add the entries to the calendar as a to do list.
Step 2: Separate Urgent from Important
During this step, the one must be done as soon as possible should be separated from the to do list where some of the items can be taken care in later.
for example
categorizing the to do list as per the Eisenhower Matrix. It helps you break this down into different categories:
- urgent but not important
- important but not urgent
- important and urgent
- Not important and not urgent
Looking at the Eisenhower Matrix, if a task isn’t important and it also isn’t urgent, you should remove it from your list.
Step 3: Delegate Tasks
Project manager as a resource owner, s/he know the resource very well. Its very difficult for one person to address each urgent and urgent task. Some of the task can be addressed by one expert resource in short time. So, it better to know the skill of the resource and list the task accordingly, which saves significant amount of time during the project.
Step 4: Order Tasks By Effort
Till this step. The list or the calendar must look much better. Here the it must look clear about the sorted task and time. it a personality of someone about who choose what. This is a n important step to schedule the listed task.
Conclusion:
One of the major deal for project manager is Establishing Project Priorities. Its up to PM to choose a right project and the task inside the project. As a resource owner a experienced and smart project manager is key who directs the project to achieve the project’s goal.
Person 2 post (cody)
itle: An empirical analysis of the relationship between project planning and project success
Authors: Dov Dvir, Tzvi Raz, Arron Shenhar
Hello All,
I found an interesting article that I wanted to compare and contrast to the readings we have been doing, specifically out of the PMBOK. The article is entitled “An empirical analysis of the relationship between project planning and project success,” and its findings slightly contradicted what we have been learning as best practices in the PMBOK.
The premise of the study that was conducted was to find statistical correlation between the project planning efforts undertaken, and the end success of said project (Dvir, Raz, & Shenhar, 2003). To conduct the study, the authors analyzed one-hundred R&D projects with the focus of said projects being weapon systems and support equipment (Dvir, Raz, & Shenhar, 2003).
The result of the study found that, among these one-hundred projects, is that “project success is insensitive to the level of implementation of management processes and procedures (Dvir, Raz, & Shenhar, 2003).” The findings were that “project success is positively correlated with the investment in requirements’ definition and development of technical specifications (Dvir, Raz, & Shenhar, 2003).” This finding seems obvious to a technical approach of developing something sophisticated like weapons systems and meeting the desired end goal.
The result is quite opposite of what I expected to find out and is contrary to the teaching of the PMBOK we have been reading about over the last three weeks. The PMBOK says that developing a project charter that flows into the creation of a project management plan (A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, 2017). It outlines that PM’s should follow these steps of the project initiation phase to alleviate many problems that arise later, including coordination of activities, roles, responsibilities, key players, project definition, project execution steps, and baselining schedule and cost considerations.
Based on these facts and from my experience, I find that the findings here could be skewed due to the scope of work being performed. R&D is often ambiguous. The authors did not outline if there was a set product or problem they were trying to solve with this R&D, meaning there could have been room for creative interpretations. When it comes to executing a project the PMBOK tells us that the scope must be encapsulated in the project charter (A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, 2017). If there was no specific scope to be accomplished, it is easy to see why structure around the planning process did not yield expected results compared to the normal project management process. In my opinion, structure could inhibit the creative process around R&D, which could have made the projects using a formalized management system less effective when it comes to this work.
The PMBOK also says that the project management plan can be tailored to fit any project, or steps in the process can summarized at a high level to fit the project needs (A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, 2017). To me, it sounds like this project needs more high-level summarization of the project management plan, with more room for ambiguity and creative development incorporated. | https://essaysolutions.net/discussion-board-reply-4/ |
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to the data communication and storage arts and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for sensing the beginning of a valid digital data message after a period during which invalid data has been received.
Digital data is often transmitted and received in bit serial fashion. Such bit serial communications may take place between terminals and a central data gathering device; during wireless or wire data transmission between, for example, communicating computer systems; and between storage devices and a controller when the storage means is basically serially oriented in nature. Rotating memories, such as magnetic discs and magnetic drums, are examples of serially oriented memory storage devices.
Bit serial transmission of data specifically involves transmission and reception of serial streams of coherent information constituting a message with indeterminate time periods existing between valid messages during which invalid messages may be transmitted and received. For example, memory storage on a rotating disc may include a plurality of messages spaced in "sectors" disposed circumferentially about the disc on various tracks radially spaced from one another. Space must be left between adjacent sectors on a given track in order to separate correspondingly adjacently stored messages. However, the spaces are not physically delineated on the disc surface such that magnetic signals, constituting invalid messages, typically are found in such spaces.
Bit serial data communication, particularly between magnetic discs and disc controllers, is often carried out using a bi-phase (double frequency) code. That is, each cell time normally includes a clock pulse followed by a period in which the presence or absence of a pulse signifies a data "1" or a data "0".
Messages which are transmitted and received serially in bi- phase form must therefore include a message-termination code (which advises the receiving apparatus that a message transmission has been completed) and, more importantly, a code by which the eminent reception of a valid message is called to the attention of receiving apparatus which has previously been rejecting all invalid messages after the reception of the last previous message-terminated indication. Information transmitted and received prior to the transmission of a valid message for the purpose of so alerting the receiving apparatus and for effecting synchronization when necesary is called a "preamble". It is obvious that the preamble detection means must be virtually infallible whereas it is also desirable, for both economic and reliability purposes, to utilize preamble detection apparatus that is simple.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
It is therefore a broad object of my invention to provide preamble detection means which is simple and reliable in operation.
It is a further object of my invention to provide such preamble detection means which responds to a bi-phase or double frequency preamble consisting of all clock pulses.
It is yet another object of my invention to provide preamble detection means employing separation logic which responds to a valid preamble by separating data and clock pulses from the raw data stream received and applying the clock pulses to a phase locked loop which issues regenerated clock pulses to transfer the data, in NRZ form, to utilization apparatus in the receiving apparatus.
Briefly, these and other objects of the invention are achieved by analyzing the raw data stream with preamble detection logic circuitry which includes a resettable counter. Each clock or data bit received from the raw data stream is applied to the increment input of the counter. In addition, each clock pulse is applied to a monostable multivibrator which is set to time-out at three-quarters of the period between successive clocks. The output from the monostable multivibrator is utilized to enable one input of an AND-gate which receives, at a second input, the raw data stream. The output from this AND-gate is utilized to reset the counter each time a data "1" bit is detected. However, a predetermined number of successive clock pulses only permits the counter to reach its terminal count whereupon it issues an output pulse to set a bistable latch. The state of the bistable latch is used to indicate that separation logic may be enabled to lock a phase locked loop to the incoming clock and separate the data by clocking it into a D- type flip- flop, this converting the information to NRZ form which is compatible with the data manipulation circuits of the utilization apparatus.
The subject matter of the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of the specification. The invention however, both as to organization and method of operation, may best be understood by reference to the following detailed description taken with reference to the accompanying drawing of which:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a major block diagram of serial data receiving apparatus employing the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a detailed logic block diagram of the apparatus of FIG. 1; and
FIGS. 3A and 3B are waveform diagrams representing an exemplary sequence of signals and logic states which can occur during the operation of the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 2.
The logic diagram of FIGS. 3A and 3B are presented in slightly simplified form in order that the inventive concepts may be readily understood. For example, instantaneous response times are assumed such that no special logic is shown for overcoming logic once conditions which occur as the speed of operation is increased until the circuits cannot be assumed to respond immediately. The changes and additions required to deal with logic race conditions and other problems associated with high speed operation are known to all skilled in the art and are of no consequence to an understanding of the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to FIG. 1, it will be observed that a raw data stream, normally comprising clock and data bits, is applied to preamble detection logic 2 and also to the separation logic block 4. A separation enable signal is coupled from the preamble detection logic 2 to the separation logic 4 such that the separation logic, when enabled by the signal from the preamble detection logic 2, issues separated clocks to maintain a phase locked loop 6 in synchronization whereby the phase locked loop issues regenerated clocks at a rate determined by the clock included with the incoming raw data. The regenerated clocks are applied to the "C" (clock) input of a D-type flip-flop, and separated data from the separation logic 4 is delayed by a one shot 7 and applied to the "D" input of the recovery logic 8 which may be, for example, a D-type flip- flop. A D-type or clocked flip-flop 8 typically has two states representing storage of either a "1" or a "0", a single data input designated "D", a clock input designated "C", and at least one output. The logic state present at the data input "D" appears at the Q output after the occurrence of a particular clocking transition and remains at the Q output until the occurrence of the next like clocking transition. The D-type flip-flop 8 may typically be the first stage of a shift register for receiving serial bit units of information which may thereafter be employed, in series or parallel manipulations, by the utilization apparatus 10.
Attention is now directed to FIG. 2 which is a logic diagram of the apparatus depicted in FIG. 1. The raw data, which, as previously noted, constitutes a stream of data and clock bits bi-phase encoded, is applied to the increment input of a counter 12, and also to one input each of first and second AND-gates 14 and 16. In addition, the raw data stream is applied to first inputs of third and fourth AND-gates 18 and 20.
As will be discussed more fully below, the counter 12, unless periodically reset, eventually reaches a predetermined terminal count whereupon it issues a terminal count output signal which is coupled to the set input of a latch flip-flop 22. The Q output from the latch flip- flop 22 is connected to a second input of the AND-gate 14 such that it will be understood that the AND-gate 14 can become fully enabled only when the latch flip-flop 22 is in the reset state. Thus, monostable multivibrator 24 can only be triggered when the counter 12 has not attained a terminal count.
The Q output from the latch flip-flop 22 is connected to couple a "separation enable" signal to a first input of a NAND-gate 26. The other input to the NAND-gate 26 receives regenerated clock pulses from the phase locked loop 6 via an inverter 32. As previously noted in the discussion of FIG. 1, the regenerated clock pulses are also applied to the clock input of the D-type flip-flop 8. Those skilled in the art will understand that the regenerated clocks are phase locked too, but are not the same, as the clock signal included within the stream of raw data received into the apparatus. The relationship of the regenerated clocks and the clock pulses in the data stream will be discussed more fully below.
The output from the NAND-gate 26 is applied to a second input of the AND-gate 20 and also to the input of an inverter 28. The output from the inverter 28 is connected to a second input of the AND-gate 18, and it will therefore be understood that the AND-gates 18 and 20 are mutually exclusively enabled according to the state of the NAND-gate 26.
The output from the AND-gate 16 is connected to one input of an OR- gate 30 which drives the reset inputs of both the counter 12 and the latch flip-flop 22. The OR-gate 30 also receives an "end of data field" signal at a second input, and it will be understood that either the two inputs to the OR-gate 30 will serve to reset the counter and the latch flip-flop 22. The origin of the "end of data field" signal is not germane to the present invention although its utilization will be discussed briefly below.
The operation of the apparatus of FIG. 2 is best understood by following an example in which the states of the various logic components at predetermined times are set forth in the diagrams of FIGS. 3A and 3B. It will be observed that, in FIGS. 3A and 3B, most of the waveforms are identified by a letter A-K. Waveforms so identified appear throughout the logic of FIG. 2 at the electrical points identified by corresponding letters adjacent the electrical points.
The raw data stream A illustrated in FIG. 3A presents the last portion of an invalid message (following in time a previously transmitted "end of data field" signal) followed by an all-clock-pulse preamble according to the present invention and, after the preamble, the beginning of a valid data message. The preamble constitutes a predetermined series of clocks only which are sufficient in number to insure that the phase locked loop 6 is synchronized and also sufficient to insure that no chance distribution of magnetic signals could be incorrectly identified as a preamble. For example, 32 consecutive clock pulses are utilized as the preamble in one specific embodiment of the invention.
Assuming that the counter 12 has been reset by previous activity of the logic during the invalid raw data period preceding that shown in FIG. 3A, the first clock pulse, on its trailing edge, advances the counter 12 to a count of 1. This clock pulse also is coupled through the AND-gate 14 since the latch 22 is in the reset state. Thus, the monostable multivibrator 24 is triggered to generate a "window", waveform D, (FIG. 3B) by which a "1" bit invalid data pulse can be detected if it succeeds the particular pulse which has initiated the timing cycle of the multivibrator 24.
The second pulse appearing in the invalid raw data stream is also a clock pulse which, on its trailing edge, advances the counter 12 to a count of two and once again institutes a timing cycle of the monostable multivibrator 24 which generates a second "window" for observing the next succeeding data bit. This time, the data bit is a "1" which occurs while the "window" is still applied to the AND-gate 16. As a result, the data "1" bit fully enables the AND-gate 16 which issues an output pulse through the OR-gate 30 to reset the counter 12. Thus, the counter 12 again contains a count of "0".
The next clock pulse, however, is indeed the first clock pulse of a preamble. It advances the counter to a count of "1" and the counter is thereafter incremented by each clock pulse in the preamble because the AND-gate 16 is never enabled during the preamble period as no data "1" bits are allowed in the preamble. The counter 12 continues to accumulate counts until it reaches the terminal count whereupon a terminal count pulse issues from the counter as shown in waveform C. The terminal count pulse sets the latch flip-flop 22 with its leading edge, and the Q output of the latch 22 issues the "separation enable" signal, waveform E, to bring up one input of the NAND-gate 26. Thus, the regenerated clock signal, waveform H, now appears at the output of NAND-gate 26 as shown by waveform I.
Previously, however, the logic level at the output of the NAND- gate 26 was a "1" to partially enable the AND-gate 20 and to fully disable the AND-gate 18 because of the logic inversion through the inverter 28. It will be seen that, prior to the issuance of the "separation enable" signal, no raw data is allowed to appear at the output of the AND-gate 18. However, during this period, raw data is passed through the AND-gate 20 and applied to the synchronizing input of the phase locked loop 6, as shown by waveform G. During the preamble, only properly timed clock bits are applied to the synchronizing input of the phase locked loop 6 which therefore has adequate opportunity to stabilize itself at the clock frequency and in proper phase which includes a predetermined phase lag inherent to the phase locked loop. Since the output from the phase locked loop is inverted by the inverter 32 to afford the proper logical relationship among the various logic elements, each time the regenerated clock signal, waveform H, is at the logic "0" level, the signal represented by waveform I is at the logic "1" level in order to apply separated clock pulses only to the synchronizing input of the phase locked loop, thereby assuring proper clock frequency and phase during the entire period during which a valid message is transmitted. Similarly, when the regenerated clock signal, waveform H, is at the logic "1" level after the "separation enable" signal, waveform E, has assumed a logic "1" level, the NAND-gate 26 has a logic "0" output which is inverted through the inverter 28 to permit only the separated data from the raw data stream to fully enable the AND- gate 18 if a "1" bit of data is observed and to disable the AND-gate 18 if a "0" bit of data is observed in the raw data stream. As shown in the illustrative raw data bit stream of FIG. 3, waveform A, the message immediately following the preamble commences with a 1010 bit pattern, and this bit stream is delayed by one-shot flip- flop 7 as shown in waveform J. The delayed bit stream is clocked into the D-type flip-flop 8 by the regenerated clock, waveform H, such that the output from the D- type flip-flop 8, in true NRZ form, is as shown by waveform K. Those skilled in the art will understand that the conversion to true NRZ form can be carried out by diverse means once valid separated data and a synchronized clock are simultaneously available.
The counter 12 may continue to count bits in the raw data stream, but each successively recurring terminal count, waveform C, will have no effect upon the operation of the apparatus inasmuch as the latch flip- flop 22 is already in the set state. However, as soon as an "end of data field" code in the valid message is observed, it is desirable to again start the preamble detection logic to observing the raw data stream for a preamble. Thus, an "end of data field" signal, obtained from the utilization apparatus 10 (FIG. 1) which continually looks for the "end of data field" code, is applied, through the OR-gate 30, to the reset inputs of both the counter 12, and the latch flip-flop 22. This causes the latch flip-flop to be reset to disable the "separation enable" signal whereupon the apparatus reassumes the condition of observing the raw data stream for a preamble constituting all clock pulses.
While the principles of the invention have now been made clear in an illustrative embodiment, there will be immediately obvious to those skilled in the art many modifications of structure, arrangement, and components used in the practice of the invention which are particularly adapted for specific environments and operating requirements without departing from those principles. | |
Let’s use Texas’ roster, history and scouting reports to countdown to the start of the 2017 football season. Today, we are only 16 days away from Texas’ home game against Maryland.
Which Longhorn wears No. 16? WR Davion Curtis, a three-star recruit from Temple who redshirted this past season, and QB Blake Nevins, who walked onto UT’s football team. Longtime UT fans likely remember Robert Brewer wearing that number in the 1982 Cotton Bowl. The Texas Ex is the father of ex-Texas Tech QB Michael Brewer and current Baylor QB Charlie Brewer.
Who also wears No. 16? Kansas State QB Jesse Ertz (1,755 passing yards, 1,012 rushing yards, 21 total TDs in 2016); Texas Tech QB Nic Shimonek (464 passing yards, 6 TDs)
Fun fact about No. 16: Donnie Little completed 11 of his 16 passes in a 306-yard outing against Rice in 1980. Of the 54 300-yard passing performance in Texas’ history, only two featured fewer than 20 pass attempts. In UT’s 1985 meeting with Rice, Todd Dodge turned 19 pass attempts into 359 yards.
The post Countdown to Texas’ kickoff: 16 days appeared first on HookEm.
News on Bevo Beat is free and unlimited. Access to the rest of Hookem.com is included with an Austin American-Statesman subscription in addition to Statesman.com and the ePaper edition. Subscribe today at statesman.com/subscribe. | https://www.hookem.com/diehards/20170817/countdown-to-texas-kickoff-16-days/ |
The Stronger Partners Stronger Futures team has released three Discussion Papers to support the next phase of consultation.
The Discussion Papers complement the information in the ‘Moving Ahead’ Working Paper, summarising the priority issues that consultation participants for Stronger Partners Stronger Futures raised in support of improving the operation of Part 9B and suggesting options to resolve those issues.
Each topic in the Discussion Papers poses a series of questions to assist in providing feedback about your views on the options. Each of the matters raised has different implications for how government, native title groups, explorers and their representatives manage their part of the Part 9B process and require different levels of decision making.
Feedback on the suggested options is requested.
More about the issues to be addressed, the discussion papers and templates to use for submissions can be found below.
For example, Government could provide more information and guidelines, industry could initiate earlier face to face meetings with native title groups prior to accessing country and native title groups could provide more information on how they would like to be engaged.
These issues are explored in Discussion Paper 1 and Discussion Paper 2.
For example, policy changes would be a matter for Government but there would need to be extensive consultation with all parties.
These issues are explored in Discussion Paper 1.
These issues are explored in Discussion Paper 1 and Discussion Paper 3.
Discussion Paper 1: Reform options - to improve the operation of the native title mineral exploration system in South Australia sets out options for change to the mineral exploration process in South Australia, in particular the need for improving the Part 9B process to resolve the issues of the timing and nature of early engagement between explorers and native title groups.
Discussion Paper 2: Reform options - improve relationship building and cultural awareness in the mineral exploration process addresses how organisations communicate with others, the information they communicate about themselves and what information each party is seeking to help improve their understanding about how other parties like to do business.
Discussion Paper 3: Reform options - Aboriginal cultural heritage management and the mineral exploration process addresses the current cultural heritage management process for exploration discussing the need for consistency; consistent information, standards and processes in regards to managing survey and clearance information and adopting common standards for heritage surveys and clearances.
We ask that you make time in your upcoming meetings to discuss the options of interest to you. Your feedback will be used to determine whether the suggestions for change meet the needs of all parties and clarify which new systems and processes we can continue to develop for the future.
Details on how to make a submission are found in each discussion paper. Templates are attached for your convenience.
The closing date for submissions is 26 July 2019.
This Working Paper outlines the issues raised through consultation with explorers, miners and the native title community throughout our Stronger Partners Stronger Futures program and Part 9B forums.
The Co-designing the Future Working Paper - Moving Ahead was designed to support the next stage of discussions about how changes to our native title system for mineral exploration are designed and implemented.
All of the issues that have been discussed are in the Working Paper with actions to focus discussion on resolving the issue and finding solutions that will provide the best possible outcomes for everyone.
To help move things along the Mineral Resources Division will prepare further information on key issues to support and focus discussion as we move along. This information will be posted on the 'Moving Ahead' forthcoming website which is designed for us to work on the issues collaboratively.
The Ngadjuri Contact First video supports the Ngadjuri Nations Aboriginal Corporation by educating people about Ngadjuri People, their country and culturally appropriate protocols for when and how to engage with them. The video will help people understand what is expected of them when first contacting and meeting with the Ngadjuri community, and help build cultural competency and foster better relationships.
The spirit of respect and cooperation between parties was outstanding and a commitment from all was reached to continue to work together on reform into 2018. A process to progress issues was strongly supported by the attendees and their peak representative bodies.
We have a clear pathway forward towards regulatory and policy reform that will support better communication, capacity and partnering between native title groups and explorers, and the government is committed to continue its consultative approach to mining sector reform as a way of do-designing better solutions and policy outcomes.
On 17 and 18 October 2017, the South Australian Government’s Mineral Resources Division held an independently facilitated Workshop in Port Augusta for those parties who are actively involved in negotiating native title mining agreements under Part 9B of the Mining Act 1971.
identifying co-designed solutions to the operation of the native title system for mineral exploration in South Australia.
The Workshop was the best opportunity stakeholders have had in over 21 years (since the introduction of the existing native title system) to consider the future of the native title system for mineral exploration in South Australia.
Over 80 representatives attended the Co-designing the Future Workshop to discuss and share their ideas and agree a path forward to progress possible reform. This was the largest ever meeting of Traditional Owners, mineral explorers, and peak bodies, to discuss the future of mineral exploration and native title in South Australia. Discussions sought improved trust and collaboration between mineral explorers and traditional owners, and identified how current processes could be streamlined and improved. The Workshop was the outcome of over two years of consultation undertaken in the lead up to the launch of the Stronger Partners Stronger Futures program.
Footage of these presentations can be viewed here.
The key issues considered included cultural heritage management, early exploration, alternative native title schemes, early engagement, and further opportunities for collaboration and better communication between all parties.
The Issues Paper summarises the key matters raised through consultations with Traditional Owners and industry, and their legal representatives between 2014 and October 2017. This Issues Paper was prepared so everyone can see what has been said, identify concerns they have in common and consider where they would like to see change. These issues formed the basis of discussions at the Co-designing the Future Workshop and will continue to inform future discussions.
Key observations from the consultation to August 2017 are presented in the Stronger Partners Stronger Futures Summary Report, August 2017 (PDF 3.5 MB).
This report has been prepared by our independent facilitator Ian Dixon as an overall summary on the review of the native title land access process to date and sets out some of the key observations emerging from discussions.
Our South Australian Resources Information Gateway (SARIG) provides free, easy to access online information about mining and exploration across the estate. Knowing how to use SARIG means you can go on the internet and easily find out who is exploring or mining in your native title area.
Part of what makes South Australia great is its great mineral resources. We want all South Australians to have the best social and economic opportunities that our rich mineral resources can provide.
Strong partnerships give the best results for everyone, and we know there is more work to be done to support Aboriginal communities, explorers and miners to work together to build better relationships based on collaboration and trust.
Because this is important to us, we have established the Stronger Partners Stronger Futures program to explore how we can all work together to forge better collaboration and maximise the long-term social and economic benefits that successful mining projects bring to communities.
Part 9B of the Mining Act 1971 sets out procedures that must be followed before carrying out exploration or mining activities on native title land. Part 9B came into operation on 17 June 1996 and is an alternative to the ‘right to negotiate’ scheme in the Commonwealth Native Title Act 1993.
Many native title mining agreements have been successfully negotiated since 1996, but the process still poses challenges for some. This includes valuing and preserving Aboriginal culture, engaging early and respectfully, determining when activities affect native title, and providing certainty about timeliness and costs.
Our intention is that Aboriginal communities, explorers and Government work together to identify and make improvements to the operation of the native title system as it applies to mineral exploration. Building a shared vision about what the future might look like will provide the best possible outcomes for everyone.
We have consulted with explorers and native title lawyers to seek their views on the operation of Part 9B. We have also consulted with native title groups who work within the Part 9B system to see how the system is working, on the ground, for Aboriginal communities. This completed the first stage of the Stronger Partners Stronger Futures program.
The video project works with interested native title groups to help companies understand what is expected of them when first contacting and meeting with Aboriginal communities.
The videos help educate people about native title groups’ country and culturally appropriate protocols for when and how to engage with them. They will help people understand what is expected of them when first contacting and meeting with Aboriginal communities, and help build cultural competency and foster better relationships.
How can I find more information on the program? | http://www.minerals.statedevelopment.sa.gov.au/land_access/stronger_partners_stronger_futures |
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Author
Chishty-Mujahid, Nadya Q.
Title
Explaining the canonical poems of English literature : commentaries on twenty essential works / Nadya Q. Chishty-Mujahid ; with a foreword by David Grandy
Published
Lewiston, N.Y. : Edwin Mellen Press,
©2011
Online access available from:
EBSCO eBook Academic Collection
View Resource Record
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Description
1 online resource (viii, 96 pages)
Contents
Title Page; Copyright Page; Table of Contents; Foreward; Acknowledgements; Alphabetcial Table of Titles; Alphabetcial Table of First Lines; Introduction; Poems and Commentaries; Conclusion
Summary
Nadya Q. Chishty-Mujahid's Explaining the Canonical Poems of English Literature spans several centuries of English literature, by examining the canonical poetry of writers such as Shakespeare, Spenser, Marvell, Browning, Tennyson, Elizabeth Barrett, and D.H. Lawrence. Chishty-Mujahid demonstrates that however much we have studied these great poets, there is still room to elucidate on their magnitude. More importantly, Chishty-Mujahid reinvigorates the importance of these masterpieces by rejecting the postmodern argument that these authors are culturally dominant relics of the past. Rather, thro
Notes
Print version record
Subject
English poetry -- History and criticism.
Genre/Form
Criticism, interpretation, etc. | http://library.deakin.edu.au/search~S1?/aChishty-Mujahid%2C+Nadya+Q/achishty+mujahid+nadya+q/1%2C1%2C3%2CB/frameset&FF=achishty+mujahid+nadya+q&3%2C%2C3 |
Gear cutting is the process of creating a precise gear from a steel, or any other material, blank in order to coincide with the teeth of an opposing gear. Gear cutting is done through a number of methods, all with the same goal. The purpose or objective is to create a precisely timed gear, meaning the ratio of the gear creates the desired rotational speed. The gear must also be perfectly sized and able to be incorporated into a mechanical system as a means of transferring power from an energy source, such as a motor or drive shaft.
Gear cutting has evolved from a process in which a toothed radius was carved out of a piece of wood. Today, the process allows for a hardened steel alloy made to be cut by lasers to exact dimensions within .001 inch (0.00254 cm). The process of gear cutting has evolved to create gears that are able to withstand tremendous amounts of force and pressure.
Advances in gears have mainly come as a result of the use of stronger materials that make up the gear itself. The problem with these stronger materials is that the stronger the material used to create the gear, the harder it is to cut the gear out of the material. As such, there have been quite a few different methods of gear cutting developed over time to be used as efficient means of creating strong, durable gears.
These methods include everything from laser cutting to extrusion, since gears can be made out of virtually any material that lends itself to manipulation. For example, plastics can be extruded in precise shapes and sizes that are very hard and resilient to chemicals. Different metallurgical sciences have also created alloys that allow for hardened metals that are much lighter yet much stronger than that of ordinary steel, which is a very resilient material. Materials can also be cut from wood, which is mostly done today as a traditionalist or hobbyist method of gear cutting, such as in clock making.
When a gear has to be created with absolute precision, a laser that is guided by a computer is used to manufacture the gear to the specifications entered into the computer system. This precision machining method of cutting gears is generally used in high-performance engine parts. It can also be used in systems that require the utmost accuracy in their primary function.
One of our editors will review your suggestion and make changes if warranted. Note that depending on the number of suggestions we receive, this can take anywhere from a few hours to a few days. Thank you for helping to improve wiseGEEK! | http://www.wisegeek.net/what-is-gear-cutting.htm |
OpenStax Textbooks is an educational nonprofit based at Rice University that provides cost-free access to open educational resources. Openstax is an ideal choice for a first introduction to the world of open textbooks: Its reputation for quality, user-friendly interface, and commitment to student success make it an excellent resource.
OpenStax has created a library of 27 peer-reviewed open textbooks that are updated through a centrally controlled errata process. These texts are used widely by institutions all over the United States, and are geared towards general ed courses. OpenStax also features supplementary materials that can be used in conjunction with these textbooks for assignments and for additional instruction. For students who prefer a physical copy of their textbooks, students can purchase a printed text at low costs, or can print the relevant portion themselves.
Visit https://openstax.org/ for an extensive overview of their textbook offerings, supplemental materials and author interviews.
Do you have any reference or instructional topics or tools for which you would like to see a video tutorial created? Email your ideas to Kris Raser, digital content specialist for UD Library, Museums and Press, at [email protected]. | https://commons.udel.edu/2018/03/22/featured-resource-openstax/ |
The Royal Society of Canada recognizes scholarly, research and artistic excellence, to advise governments and organizations, and to promote a culture of knowledge and innovation in Canada and with other national academies around the world.
The Royal Society of Canada named two eminent geographers from Laurier to the prestigious College of New Scholars, Artists and Scientists. As members, Alison Mountz and Alison Blay-Palmer will address issues of particular concern to new scholars, artists and scientists, for the advancement of understanding and the benefit of society, taking advantage of the interdisciplinary approaches fostered by the college.
Mountz examines the decisions, displacements, and desires that drive human migration and the policies and practices designed to manage migration. Her latest research explores Canada’s role as a safe haven for American war resisters. Using the oral histories of Americans who sought protection in Canada during the Vietnam War and more recently, during conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, her study will examine how asylum is influenced by Canadian-U.S. politics and relations.
The most fundamental human need is food. As our world becomes more industrialized, urbanized and grapples with climate change pressures, developing sustainable food practices becomes intrinsically connected to our well-being as a planet and society.
Blay-Palmer is a leading researcher on sustainable food systems in communities, and has shifted the literature of economic geography to relocate food systems in a dynamic and complex city-region context.
Through the study of food, citizens, practitioners, policy-makers and academics, she demonstrates the importance of and interconnections between ecological stewardship, social justice, cultural vitality, prosperous economies and citizen engagement. Blay-Palmer received $2.5 million in SSHRC funding to start the FLEdGE (Food: Locally Embedded, Globally Engaged) research partnership.
She is the founding director of the Centre for Sustainable Food Systems at Laurier. | https://www.wlu.ca/academics/research/annual-report/2016-17/royal-society-inductees.html |
In inner-city New York, horrors lurk in the unruly hallways of Malcolm High School. As in-school riots and gang violence consistently envelop the classroom, Olivia Dalton attempts to teach her students while simultaneously directing a drop-out prevention program that embraces an ever-increasing group of at-risk students. Left with little hope she will ever have children of her own, Olivia becomes entrenched in her students’ lives, partly out of love, but also out of an unconscious desire to avoid her own internal anguish.
Meanwhile, Olivia’s devoted husband, Tom, is having trouble facing his own disappointments in not being able to create a family. In an effort to protect Olivia, he attempts to hold her back from the one place she feels useful and fulfilled-her career. But despite her husband’s efforts to quell her desire to help the troubled and confused, Olivia presses on and believes in change, even in the face of her students’ continual mistakes and poor choices. Neither Tom nor Olivia have any idea that everything is about to change when an unassuming gift is left at their door.
Shades of Gray is the profound story of one woman’s unpredictable journey to the truth, new beginnings, and a kind of love she never knew before.
SUSANNE JACOBY HALE, a former drop-out prevention teacher in a New York City high school, earned a master’s degree from New York University in education and creative writing. Although, when she began teaching in the real ACE program, depicted in Shades of Gray, she had no idea that it would change her life forever. Having been out of the classroom for a few years, Jacoby Hale still felt the need to make a difference in the lives of students.
Website | Facebook | Amazon | Barnes & Noble
Download a preview of Shades of Gray here. | https://www.whiteskyproject.com/tag/susanne-jacoby-hale/ |
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 11/326,023 filed Jan. 5, 2006.
Underground landscape boxes are used by many industries as a means of housing components of the particular industry. Underground landscape boxes are almost used exclusively in landscape but can be used in a number of other areas such as large concrete areas. The underground landscape box may house electrical connections, electric valves, water shutoff valves, and cable TV connections. These samples are just a few of the many and varied applications.
As underground landscape boxes have grown in popular use, more manufacturers have emerged, each making their box unique as to size and specification. The uniqueness of each box can be seen in box diameter. In the class, econo-box, the diameter may vary from 6¼″ all the way to 7″. This difference in diameter means the corresponding lid closure will vary in its diameter resulting in as many lid closure sizes as there are manufacturers.
Over time, as millions of underground landscape boxes have been installed, the lids are subject to needed replacement from deterioration, or removal by vandalism or removal by gas powered equipment. When the end users need to replace missing lids, they are often forced to dig up the entire underground box body and replace the box with whatever manufacturd brand their local wholesaler or retailer might be carrying in any particular year.
2
The wholesaler and retailer arbitrarily change manufacturers over time due to better pricing, better warranty, or rebate incentives. As more and more manufacturers have entered into the same markets, wholesalers and retailers are forced to make inventory decisions based on replacement market sales. The decisions are: 1. carry multiple manufactured lines of underground landscape boxes thereby increasing inventory levels. Or . carry one line of underground landscape boxes and lose replacement sales to their competitors.
Prescott U.S. Pat. No. 4,591,290 was issued based on fixing broken boxes by placing an insertion device inside the underground box wall. This then allowed a smaller lid to be used on the box.
The Prescott patent has two problems with its methodology. 1. It uses an insertion device and then a replacement lid, which accounts for two parts, and two stock keeping units for the wholesaler or retailer to inventory. 2. It involves using a smaller lid, whereas the present application has one lid that will universally fit all currently manufactured and future manufactured underground landscape boxes.
No prior technology makes a replacement lid that can be used as closure for all manufactured products on the market today or for future manufactured product.
The primary object of the invention is to provide a universal lid closure for underground landscape boxes.
Another object of this invention is to provide a lid closure that universally adapts to all underground landscape boxes by the design of a flexible flap with a specific width.
Another object of the invention is to provide a lid closure that universally adapts to all underground landscape boxes by the design of a flexible flap with a specific length.
Another object of the invention is to provide a plurality of flexible flaps that prevent accidental lid removal by exerting force at a precise angle on the underground box wall.
Another object of the present invention is to provide locking protrusions on the edges of the flexible flaps that engage the engagement ring to help secure the lid in the closed position.
Another object of the invention is to provide a lid top that is manufactured to enclose all underground landscape box opening circumferences in each individual box class.
Another object of this invention is to provide a plurality of flexible flaps molded at a precise angle to horizontal to deter fatigue within the flexible flap.
Another object of this invention is to provide one stock keeping unit as a means of inventory control.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide a replacement solution to prevent unnecessary labor associated with replacing outdated or no longer manufactured underground landscape boxes.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following descriptions, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein, by way of illustration and example, an embodiment of the present invention is disclosed.
Detailed descriptions of the preferred embodiment are provided herein. It is to be understood, however, that the present invention may be embodied in various forms. Therefore, specific details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but rather as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to employ the present invention in virtually any appropriately detailed system, structure or manner.
FIG. 1
FIGS. 2 and 3
10
11
11
11
11
10
11
11
11
30
34
11
30
32
11
11
31
10
a
b
a
b
a
b
b
b
a
a
a
b
Turning first to there is shown the underside of the universal underground landscape box lid illustrating the flexible flaps and . A plurality of flexible flaps and are provided with said lid . The flexible flaps and are of varying widths and lengths to accommodate and engage varying box circumferences and engagement rings in varying vertical positions on the inner walls of the boxes of specific manufactured underground landscape boxes (see ). The smaller width and length flexible flaps are used to engage small circumference underground landscape boxes with a high engagement point of contact and a high engagement ring . The larger width and length flexible flaps are used to engage larger circumference underground landscape boxes with a lower point of contact and a low engagement ring . The precision angle cut to horizontal of the flexible flaps and allow the flexible flap to apply a resilient force when contacting the underground landscape box inner wall thus preventing accidental removal of the universal box lid .
11
11
10
12
12
14
14
10
11
11
12
12
13
13
30
32
34
11
11
13
13
15
15
a
b
a
b
a
b
a
b
a
b
a
b
a
b
a
b
Each of the flexible flaps , is molded integrally with the lid and is secured to the underside thereof along connection lines and , respectively, to a concentric cylindrical reinforcing ring . The ring is formed integrally with the lid . The upper edges of the flaps and are separated from the lid to provide the necessary flexibility and resilience. The free edges of the flaps opposite the connection lines and are provided with locking protrusions and , respectively, that, upon insertion of the lid into the box deflect past and underride the respective locking rings and to provide positive retention of the lid on the box. The lower edges of the flaps and that define the locking protrusions and are angled with respect to the horizontal (as at and ) so that they may more easily ride along the upper rim of the box and over the respective engagement rings, both on insertion and removal of the lid.
FIG. 2
30
31
11
10
31
34
b
Referring now to there is shown an underground landscape box and the boxes inner wall where the flexible flaps of the universal lid would contact and engage the inner wall and the inner wall engagement ring .
FIG. 3
30
31
11
31
11
32
a
a
Referring now to there is shown an underground landscape box and the boxes inner wall where the flexible flaps would contact and engage the inner wall and where the flexible flaps would engage the inner wall engagement ring .
FIG. 4
10
20
10
11
11
20
11
11
10
a
b
a
b
Referring now to there is shown the top side of the universal lid illustrating the precision angles cut into the universal lid . The precision angles of which the flaps and are positioned are defined by slots cut to horizontal to allow for resilient retention of the flexible flaps and in insertion and removal of the universal lid .
While the invention has been described in connection with a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention to the particular form set forth, but on the contrary, it is intended to cover such alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The drawings constitute a part of this specification and include exemplary embodiments of the invention, which may be embodied in various forms. It is to be understood that in some instances various aspects of the invention may be shown exaggerated or enlarged to facilitate an understanding of the invention.
FIG. 1
is a perspective view of the invention showing the flexible flaps from the lid underside.
FIG. 2
is a perspective view of the invention showing the lid engagement points to one type of underground landscape box.
FIG. 3
is another perspective view of the invention showing the lid engagement points to another type of underground landscape box.
FIG. 4
is a top plan view of the invention showing the lid top with the precision cuts for the flexible flaps. | |
Pastor Scott Ryan (left) congratulates Doug Priestner (right) on the success of Meshoppen UMC’s Operation Christmas Child drive, which netted 150 gift boxes for children in need, as Doug’s mother, Dulcie looks on.
Doug Priestner, an Elk High School sophomore and member of Scout Troop 8 of Wyalusing, has been helping parishioners at the Meshoppen United Methodist Church with their annual Samaritan’s Purse project since he was old enough to put items in a box. Participation in the mission effort had waned in recent years, and Doug wanted to ensure its continuation.
Samaritan’s Purse is a non-denominational evangelical Christian International Relief organization, based on the Biblical story of the Good Samaritan. The endeavor started in 1970 and has resulted in lovingly-packed goodwill boxes being shipped to those in need around the world and in the United States, especially those effected by natural disasters.
Doug, the son of Dave and Dulcie Priestner, approached the church’s Outreach Committee and shared his intent to manage the Operation Christmas Child drive this year. He provided church members with a list of items that he wanted to include in the boxes; a mix of hygiene and school supplies, small toys and bottled water. He maintained inventory and apprised parishioners, some of whom also made monetary donations, of his progress and what was still needed. It was important to him that the boxes be full, Dulcie noted.
Doug set the dates for packing boxes and arranged the tables for the assembly-line process. Over the course of several days and nights, participants, including Scouts and church members from Meshoppen and Lemon Township, filled and wrapped dozens of boxes. On Nov. 18, Doug’s helpers also enjoyed a covered dish dinner. Rep. Karen Boback was at the church for a meeting one evening and stopped in to learn about Doug’s project.
“With the help of my extremely generous congregation and members of the community, we were able to pack 150 very full shoe boxes for children in need that may otherwise not receive a gift for Christmas,” Doug related.
The wrapped packages were taken to the Mehoopany Baptist Church, the local agent for Samaritan’s Purse, then trucked to a sorting center in Maryland. But Doug isn’t done yet. He and mom, Dulcie, will travel to Maryland on Nov. 30 and Dec. 1 where he will volunteer in two shifts of sorting.
“I learned a lot by running this project and appreciate the opportunity,” Doug shared with parishioners via a letter in their church program. “My mom and I are really looking forward to joining our cousins and some other members of the Echo Lake Baptist Church of New Jersey in Maryland next weekend.” Doug indicated that Samaritan’s Purse will likely ship more than nine million boxes abroad this year.
Doug’s older brother, James, rebuilt the exterior stairs at the Meshoppen UMC this summer for his Eagle Project through Troop 8. Both boys’ projects are pending approval from the Five Rivers Council, and their parents are hoping that they may celebrate their achievements in a combined ceremony.
Mehoopany Baptist church members (from left) Beth Herwig, Ann Weeks, and Carole Borgeson receive Doug Priestner and his 150 gift boxes for distribution by Samaritan’s Purse.
Doug Priestner is a happy Scout, having completed the collection and packaging of gift boxes for children as part of his Eagle Scout project. | http://www.endlessmtnlifestyles.com/?p=12074 |
"Mexico's history is a mixture of conquest and plunder, violence and brutality, fabulous civilizations, and spectacular cultural achievements. A fascinating story."--Christian Science MonitorThere have been… | |
Acceleration is of key importance and often overlooked.
Acceleration data was preened from the speed tests. Data was taken every 10 seconds as the plane accelerated to its top speed. To properly compare aircraft, the graphs are shown as acceleration vs current speed. This can then properly show which plane can acclerate quicker from a given speed. Due to the large grainularity of the data, points were plotted and then a linear regression was applied. Be aware that data taken near the ceiling for a plane may have bad data points.
Pick up to 5 planes and 5 altitudes to compare. | http://www.errthum.com/troy/warbirds/flight/accel.php |
In this episode, I welcome back previous guest, Riccardo Manzotti, along with his friend and co-author, Tim Parks. We discussed their new book, Dialogues on Consciousness, in which the two discuss the nature of consciousness.
TIM PARKS, novelist, essayist and translator, is the author of nineteen works of fiction, including Europa, shortlisted for the Booker. He is a regular contributor to both The New York Review of Books and The London Review of Books. He lives in Italy, where he teaches literature and translation studies at IULM in Milan
RICCARDO MANZOTTI is a philosopher, psychologist, and robotics engineer who has written more than 50 scientific papers and several books, among them The Spread Mind: Why Consciousness and the World Are One. A former Fulbright Visiting Scholar at MIT, he is now visiting professor at UAEU University (Emirates).
We had a great conversation. Please enjoy this episode with Dr. Riccardo Manzotti and author Tim Parks.
We discussed:
- Please tell us about these dialogues between you two. How did they come about? Tim, you want to start us off with that?
- Tim, I’m curious about your curiosity with consciousness. Where did that come from?
- Riccardo, any new revelations in the book for you, anything that builds on the Spread Mind, beyond it?
- Okay, let’s start off like your book. What is consciousness?
- You use the term “internalist”, whereas I’m used to terms like “physicalist” or “materialist”. Is there a difference?
- You can’t deduce “mind” from looking at neurons. What does that tell you/us?
- Is mind within the skull? What about memories and information? How exactly are memories stored and recalled?
- If the mind is not internal, how do changes in the physical/internal brain affect consciousness? What is the connector between internal brain and external mind?
- Red/white square experiment…
- It’s fascinating to essentially eavesdrop on your conversation in this book. Over the years that you two had these conversations, did either of you experience a change in how you understand consciousness?
- What do you two agree on, and where do you disagree with each other?
- I’d like to ask you about “The Now.” Dreams, hallucinations, even thoughts in my mind, are made up of experiences I’ve already had. But don’t I experience those in my consciousness right now? Even if the sun shined eight minutes ago, aren’t I experiencing it, phenomenally, right here, right now?
- Sensory events are not simultaneous, right? Light hits my eyes before sound enters my ears. My brain puts the model together, combines the consciousnesses of multiple properties of an object (say, a train). Then, I experience the train in my now. Isn’t that “the now” of all of my phenomenal experiences? No? There is no “now”?
- The body facilitates, or selects, the objects and their connected experiences. What is different in this selection/facilitation process during altered states of consciousness, such as dreams or psychedelics or meditation?
- Somebody asked you, Tim, about the properties of objects floating “through the air” to the brain. That sounds too literal of a way to describe this. But let me put it another way. I hear about the brain being like a radio receiver, and the transmitted signal is a greater, universal consciousness that we tune in to. The brain as a receiver sounds compatible with Spread Mind. Is it? Anything there? Do objects “transmit” their properties via a universal consciousness medium? Is there a source?
- So, what is the ego? What is one’s self?
- What’s happening when I have a thought? How does that relate to objects? And what about creativity or inspiration?
- Do I have any control at all over my thoughts, my actions, my desires?
- Are you two still having these conversations? Is there more to come for us fans of consciousness? What other topics are you exploring?
- Looking to the future of our understanding of consciousness, what are you two excited for, what breakthroughs or discoveries or advancements?
- What else? | https://theconsciousnesspodcast.com/category/spread-mind/ |
Determining which federal income tax bracket your earnings fall into is surprisingly complex. But performing this calculation can be instrumental in helping you find strategies to reduce your federal tax bill and double-check any calculations done by a tax software program or tax preparer.
Tax brackets generally change every year, and the brackets for 2020 income taxes (those filed by April 2021) have been released. Here are the 2020 income tax brackets for federal taxes:
Explore the 2020 Income Tax Brackets
Below are the tax rates for the 2021 filing season for three common filing statuses. Dollar amounts represent taxable income earned in 2020:
|Rate||Single||Married Filing Jointly||Head of Household|
|10%||$0 – $9,875||$0 – $19,750||$0 – $14,100|
|12%||$9,876 – $40,125||$19,751 – $80,250||$14,101 – $53,700|
|22%||$40,126 – $85,525||$80,251 – $171,050||$53,701 – $85,500|
|24%||$85,526 – $163,300||$171,051 – $326,600||$85,501 – 163,300|
|32%||$163,301 – $207,350||$326,601 – $414,700||$163,301 – $207,350|
|35%||$207,351 – $518,400||$414,701 – $622,050||$207,351 – $518,400|
|37%||More than $518,400||More than $622,050||More than $518,400|
How Tax Brackets Work
In general, there are seven tax brackets for ordinary income — 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35% and 37% — with the bracket determined by filers’ taxable income. The federal government uses a progressive tax system, which means that filers with higher incomes pay higher tax rates. It’s also graduated in such a way so that taxpayers don’t pay the same rate on every dollar earned, but instead pay higher rates on each dollar that exceeds a certain threshold.
To determine your federal income tax rate, you’ll need to know your filing status, income and the difference between your marginal and effective tax rate.
Read on for additional information about each of these tax-filing processes — and how to use them to reduce your bill or increase your tax refund this year.
[See: 9 Red Flags That Could Trigger a Tax Audit.]
Identify Your Filing Status
Before you know which tax bracket your income falls into, you have to know your tax-filing status. Common statuses include:
— Single.
— Married filing jointly.
— Married filing separately.
— Head of household.
The status you’ll use will depend on whether you’re single or married, have qualifying dependents and other aspects of your specific tax situation. Many married couples file taxes jointly, but some may choose to file separately to reduce their student loan payments or because they’re in the process of divorcing.
How to Determine Your Taxable Income
Full disclosure: This is difficult to do by hand, but it can be a worthwhile exercise.
First, calculate earnings from your work, side hustles, rental properties and other sources, then subtract any income that is considered an exclusion by the tax code, such as proceeds from a life insurance policy. That calculation will yield your gross income.
“Gross income is pretty much everything, and it’s defined in the law as income from all sources unless there’s an exception in the tax code,” says Chris Raulston, a Memphis, Tennessee-based wealth strategist at Raymond James.
Next, you’ll subtract certain tax adjustments, such as student loan interest and contributions to an individual retirement account, or IRA, to figure out your adjusted gross income.
[See: 15 Tax Questions — Answered.]
Feeling tired? You’re not done yet.
After determining adjusted gross income, you’ll need to subtract tax deductions. That involves deciding whether to take the standard deduction ($12,400 for single filers; $24,800 for married filing jointly) or itemize, which you do by manually subtracting below-the-line deductions, such as charitable contributions and mortgage interest.
Finally, you’ll have reached your taxable income and can determine your tax bracket using this number. To complicate things, certain investment income is taxed at a capital gains rate and not at the ordinary income rate. So, keep that in mind as you do this exercise.
Understand the Marginal Tax Rate vs. Effective Tax Rate
Say you’re a single filer who earned $50,000 in 2020 in taxable income. You’ll use the table to determine that you fall into the 22% tax bracket, which is known as your “marginal rate.” But that doesn’t mean you pay 22% of every taxable dollar to Uncle Sam. “Just because your income may fall into the 22% or 24% tax bracket, it doesn’t mean all your income is taxed at 22% or 24%,” says Mark Jaeger, the Cedar Rapids, Iowa-based director of tax development at tax software company TaxAct.
Instead, you’re paying 22% on any amount you earn above $40,125. So, your effective tax rate will actually look like this:
10% x $9,875 = $987.50
12% x $30,250 ($40,125 – $9,875) = $3,630
22% x $9,875 ($50,000 – $40,125) = $2,172.50
Your total tax liability will be the total of those amounts, or $6,790, which is a nearly 14% effective rate.
The 2019 Income Tax Brackets
If you’re filing an amended tax return or are curious about how tax rates have changed year over year, here are the tax changes for the 2019 tax year (2020 filing season):
|Rate||Single||Married Filing Jointly||Head of Household|
|10%||$0 – $9,700||$0 – $19,400||$0 – $13,850|
|12%||$9,701 – $39,475||$19,401 – $78,950||$13,851 – $52,850|
|22%||$39,476 – $84,200||$78,951 – $168,400||$52,851 – $84,200|
|24%||$84,201 – $160,725||$168,401 – $321,450||$84,201 – $160,700|
|32%||$160,726 – $204,100||$321,451 – $408,200||$160,701 – $204,100|
|35%||$204,101 – $510,300||$408,201 – $612,350||$204,101 – $510,300|
|37%||More than $510,300||More than $612,350||More than $510,300|
[Read: How to File Back Taxes.]
The 2018 Income Tax Rates
Here are the tax rates for the 2018 tax year (taxes filed by April 2019):
|Rate||Single||Married Filing Jointly||Head of Household|
|10%||$0 – $9,525||$0 – $19,050||$0 – $13,600|
|12%||$9,526 – $38,700||$19,051 – $77,400||$13,601 – $51,800|
|22%||$38,701 – $82,500||$77,401 – $165,000||$51,801 – $82,500|
|24%||$82,501 – $157,500||$165,001 – $315,000||$82,501 – $157,500|
|32%||$157,501 – $200,000||$315,001 – $400,000||$157,501 – $200,000|
|35%||$200,001 – $500,000||$400,001 – $600,000||$200,001 – $500,000|
|37%||More than $500,000||More than $600,000||More than $500,000|
Consider Ways to Lower Your Tax Rate
To lower their tax bill, filers may want to use strategies to place themselves in a lower tax bracket, especially if their taxable income falls right on the cutoff line between brackets.
Before the end of the tax year is the best time to consider moves such as delaying income or making contributions to certain accounts, such as health savings accounts and retirement funds, experts say. Work with your tax preparer or financial advisor to identify additional ways to lower your tax bracket. A financial professional may suggest “bunching” deductions, for example, to qualify to make itemized deductions and lower your tax bill.
Jaeger recommends considering making year-end charitable contributions if you’re considering itemizing. He also notes that, even if you don’t plan to itemize this year, you may be able to claim a charitable deduction on your taxes. That’s thanks to the coronavirus relief bill allowing a $300 above-the-line deduction for cash donations made to qualified public charities. You may also want to increase tax-deductible retirement contributions to an account such as a 401(k) or 403(b).
Bottom line: Knowing your tax bracket will help you better understand your tax bill and how to reduce it.
More from U.S. News
8 Ways You Can Prepare Now for Next Year’s Taxes
9 Red Flags That Could Trigger a Tax Audit
8 Steps for Investing a Tax Refund
Tax-Filing in 2021: What Is My Tax Bracket? originally appeared on usnews.com
Update 10/15/20: This story was published at an earlier date and has been updated with new information. | https://wtop.com/news/2020/10/tax-filing-in-2019-whats-my-tax-bracket/ |
Background
==========
Methods that determine phylogenies based on a restricted number of genes can be negatively affected by horizontal gene transfers, incomplete lineage-sorting, introgression, and the unrecognized comparison of paralogous genes. The recent explosive increase in the number of completely sequenced genomes allows us to consider inferring gene and/or organismal relationships using complete sequence data. Several methods for generating phylogenies based on whole genome information have been explored, and many of these have been applied to re-examine the phylogeny of *Drosophila*. These include methods based primarily or exclusively on gene content \[[@B1]\], gene order \[[@B2]\], and detailed comparisons of operationally defined orthologs \[[@B3]\]. However, these methods often fail to provide detailed and unbiased comparisons of a high fraction of sequences and instead produce phylogenies based on greatly filtered, preselected datasets. We developed a phylogenetic method that provides accurate comparisons for a high fraction of sequences within whole genomes without the prior identification of orthologous or homologous sites \[[@B4]\]. Our approach allows a relatively comprehensive comparison of complete genome protein sequence, thereby taking into account a higher fraction of total sequence information and providing comprehensive definitions for the various species of interest. This method has been successfully applied to a number of diverse species including vertebrate mitochondrial genomes, plant viral genomes, and eukaryotic nuclear genomes \[[@B4]-[@B7]\].
Complete genome sequences for 10 additional species of *Drosophila* were added to the sequences already available for *D. melanogaster* and *D. pseudoobscura* in order to improve the precision and sensitivity of evolutionary inference regarding these organisms \[[@B8]\]. As a result, the currently accepted species phylogeny for these organisms has been further refined and resolved. However, these methods generally continue to utilize greatly filtered data sets primarily comprised of selected single copy orthologous sequences \[[@B9]-[@B14]\].
Many such studies have resulted in what is largely considered to be a fully resolved phylogeny for the 12 sequenced species of *Drosophila.* However, some doubts remain with respect to the placement of certain members of the melanogaster group: *D. erecta, D. yakuba* and *D. melanogaster*, placement of the Hawaiian species: *D. grimshawi,* and to some extent *virilisrepleta* group: *D. virilis* and *D. mojavenis*\[[@B15]-[@B19]\]. Among these, the placement of *D. erecta* and *D. yakuba* with respect to *D. melanogaster* is perhaps least certain. Though evidence has been presented to support all the possible phylogenies with respect to *D. melanogaster, D. erecta,* and *D. yakuba,* support for each of these phylogenies is not uniformly strong \[[@B12]\]. In this study we apply our more inclusive whole genome phylogenetic method on the 12 genomes of *Drosophila* to further investigate and validate our current understanding of their phylogenetic relationships.
Results and discussion
======================
Preliminary studies were conducted using a small dataset comprising only 6 genomes of the melanogaster group (*D. melanogaster, D. sechellia, D. simulans, D. erecta, D. yakuba and D. ananassae*) with a total of 100,851 predicted proteins. Further studies were conducted using a large dataset consisting of all the 12 *Drosophila* spp. genomes with a total of 193,622 proteins (Table [1](#T1){ref-type="table"}). Additional 11 genome datasets excluding one of the *melanogaster* group species were also constructed for the detailed analysis of the phylogenies. Although there were large similarities in the total number of genes among the *Drosophila* species, there were large variations in the total number of predicted proteins (Table [1](#T1){ref-type="table"}). It seems likely that the melanogaster genome is more fully annotated with a larger number of alternatively spliced transcripts producing multiple (but perhaps slightly different) protein products relative to other *Drosophila* genomes. Among the 12 species, *D. melanogaster* had the highest number of predicted proteins (22,765) and *D. virilis* had the lowest (14,491). Each species' contribution to the dataset was in the range of 7.48% to 8.51% except for *D. melanogaster* which contributed about 11.76% for the total. In previous studies, we noted that a modest size difference in genomes has little effect on the final outcome of the tree \[[@B4],[@B6]\].
######
**List of 12*Drosophila*spp used in the analysis, along with the number of predicted proteins**
***\#*** *** Species*** ***Genes*** ***Proteins***
---------- ---------------------------- ------------- ----------------
1 *Drosophila simulans* 16117 15415
2 *Drosophila sechellia* 17286 16471
3 *Drosophila melanaogaster* 15431 22765
4 *Drosophila erecta* 15810 15048
5 *Drosophila ananassae* 15978 15070
6 *Drosophila yakuba* 16904 16082
7 *Drosophila pseudoobscura* 16712 16308
8 *Drosophila persimilis* 17573 16878
9 *Drosophila willistoni* 16385 15513
10 *Drosophila mojavensis* 15179 14595
11 *Drosophila virilis* 15343 14491
12 *Drosophila grimshawi* 15885 14986
Higher dimension SVD analysis
-----------------------------
Figure [1](#F1){ref-type="fig"} and [2](#F2){ref-type="fig"} shows the SVD-based topology obtained via Neighbor-joining for the 6 and 12 genome *Drosophila* species data sets respectively. Two types of resampling methods were used to estimate branch statistics for this tree. The bottom value on each branch was generated using a traditional bootstrap procedure \[[@B4]\] by sampling 800 singular triplets to construct 700 species trees. The top value on each branch was generated using a successive, delete-one jackknife procedure \[[@B4]\] wherein the least dominant singular vector was removed successively (from 800 to 100 vectors) to generate 700 ordered sets of singular vectors, and a new tree was estimated following each removal. Most of the branches were well supported following application of either the modified jackknife procedure or the bootstrap procedure. Bootstrap yielded a slightly lower branch support for the *D. sechellia*, *D. simulans,* and *D. melanogaster* branch but all other branches were strongly supported by both procedures. The observed difference was likely due to the uniform use of the 700 most dominant vectors in our modified jackknife procedure, while in contrast, the standard bootstrap samples randomly over all 800 vectors generated. The end result is a phylogeny that corresponds well to the currently accepted phylogeny \[[@B12],[@B20]-[@B22]\], except for *D. erecta* and *D. yakuba*, which remain adjacent in the tree, but fail to cluster as sister species.
{#F1}
{#F2}
In order to further examine the robustness of the data supporting the correct tree, we performed a series of analyses by systematically excluding protein sequences that were poorly described by their corresponding singular vectors in terms of projection values. The theoretical projection values for a given protein range from −1 to +1. In the first step, all protein sequences having projection value less than or equal +0.001 and more than or equal to −0.001 were removed (about 9,500 sequences). The filter was increased stepwise with an increment of 0.001 and each corresponding dataset was used in turn to construct a tree. When about 54.54% (105,596 sequences) of the original dataset was removed (projection value less than or equal to +0.003 and more than or equal to −0.003), a unique clustering of *D. erecta* with *D. schelliea* was observed (Additional file [1](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Continued successive increases in stringency to remove poorly described proteins failed to alter this novel cluster until more than 95% (185,039) of the total protein sequences were removed. This resulted in a re-clustering of *D. erecta* with *D. yakuba* as sister species, but this was accompanied by the movement of *D. melanogaster* to a novel position (Additional file [2](#S2){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Removing a high fraction of poorly described proteins (those with smaller projections on any singular vector) would presumably tend to produce a more highly correlated data set consisting of smaller sets of highly conserved proteins. The tree generated using the modified jack knife procedure, rather than the bootstrap, showed a similar branching pattern. Branch support values for the tree exceeded 80% in all cases, and only 60% for the *D. yakuba and D. erecta* cluster.
Lower dimension SVD analysis
----------------------------
A corresponding lower dimension analyses of the *Drosophila* spp. was also conducted using the same procedure but with fewer (500) singular triplets. Here the bootstrap branch statistics were generated by sampling 100 random sets of 150 singular triplets to construct 100 species trees. The delete-one jackknife values were generated using 400 ordered sets of singular vectors. Trees were estimated following each successive removal of a least dominant vector from 500 to 100 vectors. The SVD phylogeny obtained for the unfiltered 12 *Drosophila* species dataset (Figure [3](#F3){ref-type="fig"}) corresponds well to the currently accepted phylogeny, except for *D. erecta*, which shows a novel affinity with *D. sechellia*. It proved possible to disrupt this novel affinity after reducing the number of proteins used in the summation step by 97.57% (Figure [4](#F4){ref-type="fig"}) by applying a relatively severe filter (projection value less than or equal to +0.035 and more than or equal to −0.035) and thus using only the remaining highly correlated data set consisting of smaller sets of highly conserved proteins. Branch support values for the tree exceeded 70% in all cases, and more than 80% except for the *D. melanogaster, D. yakuba and D. erecta* cluster.
{#F3}
{#F4}
In order to study the relationships among members of the *melanogaster* group without the influence of *D. erecta*, a slightly smaller dataset of 11 *Drosophila* species (178,574 total predicted proteins) was used for analysis. This data set produced the currently accepted phylogeny with strong branch support (Figure [5](#F5){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B12],[@B20]-[@B22]\]. The observed relationship was consistent across different levels of protein filtering. Both the bootstrap and the modified jackknife produced strong branch support values for most branches.
{#F5}
A similar result was obtained with an even smaller dataset that included only 6 genomes with 100,851 predicted proteins (Figure [6](#F6){ref-type="fig"} and [7](#F7){ref-type="fig"}). When subjected to SVD analysis, this produced the currently accepted phylogeny for all 6 members of the *melanogaster* group, but only under stringent protein filtering (Figure [7](#F7){ref-type="fig"}). The effect of including more proteins using a less severe protein filter was similar for both the 12 genome tree and the 6 genome tree: *D. erecta* fails to cluster with *D. yakuba* and instead clusters with *D. sechellia*. However, just like in the 11 *Drosophila* dataset, exclusion of *D. erecta* from the melanogaster group produced the currently accepted phylogeny with strong branch support (Figure [8](#F8){ref-type="fig"}) without filtering any proteins. The effect of other genomes on the phylogeny was systematically studied by excluding one of the *melanogaster* group species from the original 12 genome dataset. All these analyses showed the novel *D. sechellia* and *D. erecta* clustering (Additional file [3](#S3){ref-type="supplementary-material"}, Additional file [4](#S4){ref-type="supplementary-material"}, Additional file [5](#S5){ref-type="supplementary-material"} and Additional file [6](#S6){ref-type="supplementary-material"}) except for the dataset from which *D. sechellia* was excluded which produced the currently accepted phylogeny (Additional file [7](#S7){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). But, all datasets produced the currently accepted phylogeny under stringent filtering conditions (Additional files [8](#S8){ref-type="supplementary-material"}, [9](#S9){ref-type="supplementary-material"}, [10](#S10){ref-type="supplementary-material"}, [11](#S11){ref-type="supplementary-material"}, and [12](#S12){ref-type="supplementary-material"}).
{#F6}
{#F7}
{#F8}
Conclusions
===========
Our results indicate that it is possible to consult and interpret all predicted protein sequences within multiple whole genomes to produce accurate phylogenetic estimations of relatedness between *Drosophila* species. Unlike our approach, the most recent independent standard analyses based on whole genome sequence information depend upon filtered data sets in which a restricted number of highly conserved and putatively orthologous genes were compared. In addition, unlike standard methods which use sequence alignments, our method uses angles between high dimensional vectors to estimate evolutionary distance. Despite these novelties in method, the phylogenetic tree derived for the 6 species of the melanogaster group, as well as all 12 species of *Drosophila,* exhibits strong branch support values and corresponds almost exactly to the currently accepted phylogeny. We conclude that it is possible to include the entire dataset for a more inclusive and potentially more robust analysis using a novel method to produce equivalent results.
This greatly expanded data set appears to contain a strong component of conflicting sequence information that specifically causes *D. erecta* and *D. sechellia* to cluster, but this was observed only when more than 55% (105,596) of the proteins are removed. However, this cluster disappears again when 95% (185,039) of poorly described proteins are removed. At lower dimensions, the *D. erecta* and *D. sechellia* cluster appears to be stable under various filter settings. Only under stringent filtering conditions could the correct phylogeny be restored. Additionally exclusion of either *D. sechellia* or *D. erecta* from the 12 species dataset could produce the currently accepted phylogeny.
The relative placement of *D. erecta* and *D. yakuba* with respect to *D. melanogaster* was largely uncertain until multigene analyses tended to support the same standard tree \[[@B9]-[@B14],[@B23]\]. This standard tree is well supported in multiple distinct analyses and is essentially non-controversial, representing the currently accepted statement concerning the relatedness of the first twelve fully sequenced *Drosophila* genomes. However, previous single gene analyses supported a variety of distinct trees \[[@B15],[@B16],[@B24]-[@B30]\], and more comprehensive surveys of putative orthologs revealed a high frequency of conflicting trees \[[@B11]-[@B13]\]. Even though the currently accepted phylogeny had the strongest support, depending on the evolutionary model applied, roughly 40% of all orthologous genes examined supported alternative phylogenies within the *melanogaster* subgroup \[[@B12]\]. In this case, the standard *D. erecta/D. yakuba* cluster was specifically examined, and only two alternatives, those in which either of these species specifically clustered instead with *D. melanogaster*, were considered. Two reasons are commonly offered to explain the conflicts observed in these surveys of single gene phylogenies: incomplete lineage sorting, and introgression. Either of these processes could potentially be at least partly responsible for the novel grouping of *D. erecta* and *D. sechellia* we observed under the special mid-range filtering conditions reported here.
An alternative but not mutually exclusive explanation for the conditional novel clustering observed in this work is that the sequence signal causing this exists primarily outside of a reasonably complete list of identifiable orthologs (Additional file [2](#S2){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Although not a necessity, this signal could easily be interpreted as homoplasious. This interpretation is supported by the fact that the standard clustering of *D. yakuba* and *D. erecta* was observed again when using only protein sequences with the highest projection values, which includes a small subset of proteins that are more likely to represent close homologs or orthologs. It is also possible that the sequence signal responsible might not be exclusively located outside identifiable orthologs, but might also be partly embedded within orthologs as similar subsets of specific sequence changes within these genes. In either case, it would still be interesting to further investigate the source and strength of these presumed homoplasies, given that they specifically and consistently support a single alternative placement for a single species within a complex tree.
Regardless of their location relative to orthologs, if the sequence characteristics within our all-inclusive analysis that consistently result in the association of *D.erecta* with *D. sechellia* represent homoplasious molecular responses to one or more environmental conditions, then this represents a third widely recognized mechanism for generating phylogenetic conflict within sequence data: adaptive convergence. Hence the affinity observed here between *erecta* and *sechellia* could result from non-random homoplasy with evolutionary significance. As an example for illustration, consider that *D. sechellia* and *D. erecta* are two of only three "specialist" species in the phylogeny that have adapted to specific food sources, and unlike the third species (*virilis*), they are closely related members of the *melanogaster* subgroup and have both adapted to particular fruits \[[@B31]\]. Although this single proposed adaptation might seem unlikely to be the sole source of a homoplasious signal capable of clustering *D. sechillia* and *D. erecta* in our analysis, multiple similar undiscovered or undescribed convergences could produce a sufficiently robust signal.
Methods
=======
Datasets
--------
Complete predicted protein sequences for 12 *Drosophila* species were downloaded from the 'Assembly, Alignment and Annotation of 12 *Drosophila* species' website (<http://rana.lbl.gov/drosophila/>) and were compiled into a single dataset. Various distinct subsets of this larger dataset were also constructed. The number of protein sequences found within the genome of each species of *Drosophila* is summarized in Table [1](#T1){ref-type="table"}.
Peptide frequencies and SVD
---------------------------
The twenty amino acids provide 160,000 possible tetrapeptides, defining each row of the peptide frequency matrix. For every protein, the frequency of each of these tetrapeptides formed the columns of the matrix. The resulting matrix is thus a peptide frequency matrix *(A)*, with each column providing protein vector definitions using 160,000 separate tetrapeptide frequency elements. In our previous studies, using tripeptides we were able to estimate similarities between highly divergent, small set of proteins \[[@B32]\]. It was also shown that tetrapeptides work better for larger data sets derived from vertebrate mitochondrial genomes or whole bacterial genomes \[[@B4]\]. Since, pentapeptides did not add any resolution for estimating similarities on our simulated datasets (unpublished); we chose tetrapeptides for constructing frequency matrix. A peptide frequency matrix was generated for all the three datasets, separately. The resulting matrix was then subjected to a truncated SVD analysis that generates three component matrices: the "left" matrix or "peptide" matrix (U), the "right" matrix or "protein" matrix (V) and the central matrix (∑). The original matrix can be reformed using the relation *A = U* ∑ *V*^*T*^. The "protein" vectors provided in the "right" factor matrix are known to provide reduced dimensional definitions for all proteins in the dataset as linear combinations of the orthogonal "right" singular vectors \[[@B6]\]. The dataset could produce a total of 910 singular vectors with the reduced dimensional space. An examination of the contribution provided by the less dominant singular vectors showed that these vectors tended to decrease the resolution of the resulting phylogenetic tree (not shown). Using the first 800 vectors was thus determined to be sufficient. The current phylogenetic studies were conducted under two different SVD settings, one referred as "higher dimension," where we used a total of 800 singular triplets as output and the other referred as "lower dimension" using only 400 singular triplets as output. The SVD was then applied to the 12, 11 and 6 species datasets of *Drosophila* separately. Three output matrices were obtained consisting of 800 (for higher dimension analysis) and 500 (for lower dimension analysis) singular triplets (left and right singular vectors and their corresponding singular value). Higher the value of vector elements, most dominant is the singular vector and these singular vectors define one or two conserved gene families (or subfamilies) as particular linear combinations of proteins. The detailed comparative information contained within the hundreds of singular vectors and their corresponding motifs and gene families was subsequently used to build a species phylogeny by summing all the SVD-derived right protein vectors separately for each organism and then comparing the relative orientation of the resulting species vectors \[[@B6]\].
Filtering proteins
------------------
A systematic exclusion of protein sequences, based on their projection values were done to filter poorly described proteins. The projection value represent a given protein range from −1 to +1. In the first step, all protein sequences having projection value less than or equal +0.001 and more than or equal to −0.001 were removed (about 9,500 sequences). The filter was increased stepwise with an increment of 0.001 and each corresponding dataset was used in turn to construct a tree.
Species trees and branch support
--------------------------------
Distance matrices were derived by summing all the SVD derived right protein vectors for a given organism and then comparing the relative orientation of the resulting species vectors using the program cosdist. Species trees were subsequently derived from distance matrices using Phylip-Neighbor. Two distinct resampling methods were used to provide branch support: a traditional bootstrap procedure and a modified jackknife procedure. For the bootstrap, a fixed number of singular vectors were randomly sampled from the total singular vectors generated and were used to construct 100 species trees. For the successive delete-one jackknife procedure \[[@B4]-[@B7]\], the least dominant singular vector was removed successively (from the total vectors generated, down to 100 vectors) to generate ordered sets of singular vectors, and a new tree was estimated following each removal.
Competing interests
===================
The authors declare that there are no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
======================
GS established the overall concept and approach, and AS completed the phylogenetic analysis, as well as producing all tables, figures, and writing early drafts of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Supplementary Material
======================
###### Additional file 1
**SVD (higher dimension) tree for the 12*Drosophila*spp., using all 700 vectors, with filtering cut off value of ±0.003, retaining 88,026 (45.46%) protein sequences (upper branch values, modified jackknife and lower branch values, bootstrap procedure for tree generation).**
######
Click here for file
###### Additional file 2
**SVD (higher dimension) tree for the 12*Drosophila*spp., using all 700 vectors, with filtering cut off value of ±0.032, retaining 8,583 (4.43%) protein sequences (upper branch values, modified jackknife and lower branch values, bootstrap procedure for tree generation).**
######
Click here for file
###### Additional file 3
**SVD (lower dimension) tree for the 11*Drosophila*species (excluding*D. melanogaster*), using 300 vectors, without filtering any proteins (upper branch values, modified jackknife and lower branch values, bootstrap procedure for tree generation).**
######
Click here for file
###### Additional file 4
**SVD (lower dimension) tree for the 11*Drosophila*species (excluding*D. simulans*using 300 vectors, without filtering any proteins (upper branch values, modified jackknife and lower branch values, bootstrap procedure for tree generation).**
######
Click here for file
###### Additional file 5
**SVD (lower dimension) tree for the 11*Drosophila*species (excluding*D. ananassae*) using 300 vectors, without filtering any proteins (upper branch values, modified jackknife and lower branch values, bootstrap procedure for tree generation).**
######
Click here for file
###### Additional file 6
**SVD (lower dimension) tree for the 11*Drosophila*species (excluding*D. yakuba*) using 300 vectors, without filtering any proteins (upper branch values, modified jackknife and lower branch values, bootstrap procedure for tree generation).**
######
Click here for file
###### Additional file 7
**SVD (lower dimension) tree for the 11*Drosophila*species (excluding*D. sechellia*) using 300 vectors, without filtering any proteins (upper branch values, modified jackknife and lower branch values, bootstrap procedure for tree generation).**
######
Click here for file
###### Additional file 8
**SVD (lower dimension) tree for the 11*Drosophila*species (excluding*D. melanogaster*), using 300 vectors, with filtering cut off value of ±0.035, retaining 4146 (2.43%) protein sequences (upper branch values, modified jackknife and lower branch values, bootstrap procedure for tree generation).**
######
Click here for file
###### Additional file 9
**SVD (lower dimension) tree for the 11*Drosophila*species (excluding*D. sechellia*), using 300 vectors, with filtering cut off value of ±0.035, retaining 4271 (2.43%) protein sequences (upper branch values, modified jackknife and lower branch values, bootstrap procedure for tree generation).**
######
Click here for file
###### Additional file 10
**SVD (lower dimension) tree for the 11*Drosophila*species (excluding*D. simulans*), using 300 vectors, with filtering cut off value of ±0.035, retaining 4611 (2.61%) protein sequences (upper branch values, modified jackknife and lower branch values, bootstrap procedure for tree generation).**
######
Click here for file
###### Additional file 11
**SVD (lower dimension) tree for the 11*Drosophila*species (excluding*D. ananassae*), using 300 vectors, with filtering cut off value of ±0.035, retaining 4343 (2.45%) protein sequences (upper branch values, modified jackknife and lower branch values, bootstrap procedure for tree generation).**
######
Click here for file
###### Additional file 12
**SVD (lower dimension) tree for the 11*Drosophila*species (excluding*D. yakuba*), using 300 vectors, with filtering cut off value of ±0.035, retaining of 4628 (2.63%) protein sequences (upper branch values, modified jackknife and lower branch values, bootstrap procedure for tree generation).**
######
Click here for file
Acknowledgements
================
Support for this work was provided in part by the Biology Department and the School of Graduate Studies at Indiana State University. In addition, help with software development and modification was provided by Yihua Bai from the Center for Instructional and Research Technology at ISU.
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User Options can be accessed from the main menu: Tools->Options
The options described here affect how the MxVDev tool behaves on a specific computer, independent of any specific project. They are stored in the MxVDev.ini file (in the same folder as the executable). Other settings are specific to the project and stored in the project file. For Project-related settings, use the Project->Project Settings menu option.
The options form has five tabs:
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•Bring To Front - As a Scenario runs, one or more TestCases are executed. When this option is checked, each test case automatically comes to the foreground as it starts executing.
•Create TestCase Image Files - Creates image files for each Test when saved. These files are stored under the ScenariosAndTestCases folder for the project.
•Auto-Hide ON when MxVDev starts - This option is not recommended. Use the Signal List to control signal displays. When Auto Hide is checked, signals with no transitions are hidden.
•Show Scenario Log Panel - When this option is checked and a scenario completes with failures, MxVDev displays the Scenario Log at the bottom of the screen.
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Values for each signal are displayed in the Status Bar at the bottom of the screen. As the mouse is moved over the signal plot, the values at the bottom of the screen change. You can also configure MxVDev to display the value of a signal as a pop-up message. If the Discrete box is checked, the value of Boolean or Numeric type signals are displayed in a pop-up, as the mouse passes over each transition.
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This tab allows to you to select which advisory Messages will be displayed.
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This tab allows to you to select the maximum number of Regression Report Folders that will be retained. Only folders named with the AutoDate format are counted in this limit.
The default folder for Regression Reports is \ScenariosAndTestCases\Report (in the MxVDev project folder).
|Additional File Locations (for Transform Files)|
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When MxVDev opens a project, it checks the following locations for Transforms referenced in the mxform file:
•The bin folder, where the .exe files are located
•The bin\3rdPartyTransforms folder if it exists
•The location of the mxform file
•Any folders in the MxVDev Additional File Locations list
To add or remove folders from the list of Transform file locations, select the Additional File Locations tab and use the buttons.
Normally, if you add a folder here, you should also add it in MxTransIt. See Transform File Locations. | https://mxhelp.danlawinc.com/user-options.htm |
Why funding of new LRBAs is worth a closer look
More changes to LRBAs are on the table for SMSFs, and funding considerations should be front and centre for SMSF professionals.
In the 2017 Federal Budget, the Government reiterated its intention to include the use of Limited Recourse Borrowing Arrangements (LRBAs) when determining a member’s Total Superannuation Balance (TSB) and Transfer Balance Cap (TBC). However, before getting into the detail of the measure, it is important to note that the proposed change only applies to:
- LRBAs entered into from the beginning of the first quarter after the amending legislation receives Royal Assent (no set date, but it is expected to be a 1 July 2017 commencement is being targeted); and
- Where the LRBA is undertaken by a self-managed super fund (SMSF)or a small APRA fund.
The Government is concerned that without this amendment, members could use LRBAs to circumvent contribution caps and effectively transfer accumulation growth to retirement phase that is not captured by the transfer balance cap.
Just prior to the Federal Budget, the Government consulted on these amendment to the super reforms, so the announcement in the 2017 Budget was not a surprise. While the draft legislation provided as part of that process is only for consultation purposes, it is indicative of the form the measure will take if implemented by the Government.
Inclusion of LRBAs in Total Superannuation Balance
The draft legislation introduces a new concept of an LRBA amount which only applies to SMSFs and small APRA funds. Where the fund has an outstanding borrowing and the asset secured against that borrowing is, at least partially, supporting a member’s interest in the fund, the proportion of the LRBA attributable to that member is equivalent to their proportion of all the benefits supported by that asset.
Where the fund is using the proportionate (unsegregated) method, the proportion of the LRBA attributable to the member will be equivalent to their proportion of all the benefits within the fund. The following example illustrates this impact.
Don and Marie are the only members of their SMSF. The value of Don’s superannuation interests in the fund is $1 million. The value of Marie’s superannuation interests are $2 million. Together their $3 million is held in cash.
The SMSF acquires a $2 million property using $1 million cash and borrows the additional $1 million using an LRBA. The fund now has a property worth $2 million and remaining cash of $2 million.
Don’s member benefits remain at $1 million of the $3 million total (net) member benefits. As his interests are one-third of the total interests in the fund, he will need to add one-third of the value of the LRBA ($333,333) to his member benefits to determine his total superannuation balance ($1,333,333).
If Don’s benefits were in pension phase, his personal transfer balance amount would remain at $1 million. The LRBA amount does not affect the calculation for the Transfer Balance Cap
To illustrate a greater impact, if in the example above, Don and Marie both had member balances of $1.5 million (ie 50% each). The LRBA amount attributable to each of them would actually be $500,000 (ie 50% each of the $1 million LRBA). As a result of this, they would each now be deemed to have a total superannuation balance of $2 million. This change is significant as without the inclusion of the LRBA amount, both Don and Marie would have been eligible to still make a non-concessional contribution of $100,000 each. With the inclusion of the LRBA amount, they are now both ineligible to make this contribution,
Transfer balance credits for certain LRBA repayments
The second measure outlined in the consultation paper was to create a transfer balance credit where an LRBA repayment is made from an accumulation interest for the benefit of a retirement interest. Not all repayments will result in a credit as where the repayment is made from the cash flow of the asset acquired with the borrowing, there will not be any advantage to the retirement interest. In other words, those repayments do not result in an increase in the value of the retirement interest.
To illustrate the impact of this proposed change, consider the following example:
Jane is 65, the only member of her SMSF and she has benefits of $3 million which are held in cash.
After 1 July 2017, Jane’s SMSF acquires a $2 million property using $500,000 cash and borrows the remaining $1.5 million.
After the acquisition, she commences an account-based pension with $500,000 of her benefits. She segregates the fund (for asset allocation purposes) and the property and loan are segregated to supporting the pension. She receives a transfer balance credit of $500,000.
The monthly repayments on the loan are $10,000, half of which comes from the rental income. The remainder is paid from the cash supporting the accumulation interest. As each repayment funded from accumulation has the effect of increasing the value of the retirement interest, she receives a transfer balance credit of $5,000 each month.
Adviser considerations
The first point to note is that that these measures are just proposals at this stage and it is important not to make changes based on what could be significantly different from what is implemented, if it at all. Also, the changes only relate to new borrowings from 1 July 2017, so existing arrangements are not impacted. This is important as it means the correct planning and advice can be given in advance of the relevant loan.
The total superannuation balance is used for determining whether an individual can make non-concessional contributions or not, however the date the balance is tested against the $1.6 million threshold is on 30 June of the previous year. As such, if you are putting in place an LRBA which will bring the total superannuation balance for that member over $1.6 million, you can still make non-concessional contributions to super during the year the LRBA is put in place, subject to the other caps.
This is particularly important where there is an in-specie transfer of business real property and the members are claiming the small business concessions. In these cases, you may wish to make non-concessional, concessional and CGT cap contributions at various times around the time of the acquisition.
As long as the contributions are made in the same year, the inclusion of the LRBA amount in the total superannuation balance will not hinder the ability to make non-concessional contributions.
However, from 1 July of the following year the member’s ability to get extra funds into super will be restricted and therefore, it is more important than ever to ensure that the fund can remain liquid in the event of a variety of contingencies.
The second measure ensures the integrity of the transfer balance cap system. While the outcome for Jane in the example above is explainable, it is likely that she, or her fund administrator, would have to report back to the ATO each month that there has been a transfer balance credit.
It would be possible to negate the impact of these provisions by ensuring that the repayments are made only from the income from the assets acquired with the borrowing and other cash relating to the retirement interest, but it will aid administrative complexity.
This article is brought to you by BT Financial Group, and written by Bryan Ashenden, Head of Financial Literacy and Advocacy at BT Financial Group. | https://www.smsfadviser.com/strategy/15501-why-funding-of-new-lrbas-is-worth-a-closer-look |
Portrait of an Artist brings together photographs and interviews of pioneering women who have shaped the creative industries. Led by Mexican artist Hugo Huerta Marin, the conversations are inspired and honest between joys and challenges, vulnerability and triumphs.
We wanted the book to be elegant and intimate, but also bold and smart; a celebration of strong, creative women. Because the publication is text-focused, it was important for the design to be reader-friendly. The typography is impactful yet playful, with interviews broken up by occasional images and pull quotes. We typeset the interviews in Plantin to bring legibility and warmth. Each interview is introduced by an opening spread featuring the artist’s first name — creating an intimate feeling — to give it presence and confidence, alongside a delicate polaroid portrait by Huerta Marin. The images were reproduced at real size to give a sense of proximity. | https://atelierdyakova.com/projects/portrait-of-an-artist/ |
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Option 2: Financial Statement Analysis of Public CompanyLook up the latest financial statements for two public companies within the same industry of your choice and calculate the following ratios for the latest year:Return on capital
Return on equity
Operating profit margin
Days in inventory
Debt ratio
Times-interest-earned
Current ratio
Quick ratio.
Summarize the information revealed in your ratio analysis. Additionally, analyze the financial ratios and compare the two companies’ performances against one another. From the ratios, can you determine which company performed better financially? | https://trustedessayhelpers.com/2020/12/17/option-2-financial-statement-analysis-of-public-companylook-up-the-latest-finan/ |
Mr. Postman, look and see
Is there a letter in your bag for me?
– Traditional American folk song.
Living in a small town, there is a ritual my family goes through daily. Every morning, a member of my family has to go downtown to the post office and check the mail. We don’t live in a fancy big city with your home delivery. Nope! We have to do down to our local Canada Post post office, check our mailbox, and see if anyone has sent us anything today. And, ever since I was little kid, my heart always flutters when I open that mailbox.
People just like to get mail. Correction. People like to get mail that’s not bills. Sadly, that’s all the mail seems to be used for these days. When you check your mailbox, what do you have? Phone bill. Power bill. Water bill. Gas bill. Credit card bills. Nothing but bills! I remember a friend in university. Whenever he got no mail, he would proclaim, “I have escaped again!” He finally explained to me that he meant he escaped from the bill collectors. And that’s just not right. There’s no joy in going to the mailbox anymore.
So, I, personally, am doing my best to combat this. I thoroughly enjoy writing letters and sending them. When I have the time, I write to my friends. When I was in Japan, I wrote to my family. I wrote to my family constantly. And then, if I can’t write a letter, I write a postcard.
Now, I’ve been collecting postcards ever since I was in the fourth grade. I’ve got five photo albums full. They’re the usual sort. From my countless trips to Jasper, I’ve got countless ones of the Rocky Mountains. I’m sure I have a photo of every mountain this side of the B.C. border. I have prairie sunsets. I have about a zillion from West Edmonton Mall. I’ve got a dozen or so from Germany (thank you, German relatives). When my brother was working in Saskatchewan, he sent me a few from Saskatchewan. When my sister was backpacking across Europe, she brought me one from every country and city she visited. (She didn’t mail them because she didn’t want to waste her very limited budget on stamps.) I’ve enticed Mr. Anderson into sending me some from his travels to New Orleans, Hiroshima, and from his new residence in Vancouver. (But none from Nova Scotia. Hmm….) But I really got into the whole sending-postcards shtick when I was in Japan.
In Japan, every stationary store had a wide variety of postcards. I’m not talking the “greetings from Japan” variety. I’m talking about things like: simple “Thinking of you” cards. Cards with cute kittens on them. Cards with funky graphic designs. Cards with stylized drawings of women. Everything! In fact, the simple “greetings from Japan” variety were the most difficult to find. Until I found some gift shops in Tokyo, but I digress. I thought that this was the coolest thing ever. I immediately fell into this pattern of constantly buying the ones that remind me of people, and sending them to those people.
Let’s see here: Yves got the stylized drawings of women. (In fact, I just sent her another one that I found in the back of a Chapters.) And Trouble got some of those too, along with “greetings from Japan” ones and ones depicting anime characters. Mr. Anderson and Yves always jointly got one from every museum gift shop I visited. (I once asked Mr. Anderson what they did with those postcards. “Oh, they’re around…somewhere,” he said.) My grandmother, who always had a thing for cats, got the ones of cats doing cute things. (Not kittens, mind you, cats.) And, of course, the family always got the “greetings from Japan” ones. Kind of like the ones I got from my sister in Europe. Only, because I was working, I had the money to mail them home.
I definitely mailed one to my family members from every sight I saw in Japan. Kyoto…Nagano…Sapporo…Tokyo Disneyland…every place! I even sent one to one of my old aunts in Germany, and I dug into the deepest recesses of my mind, trying to remember the little bit of German I studied in university, just so I could write “Grüß aus Japan!” And when I returned home, every postcard I sent to my parents was still stuck to the fridge. Isn’t that cool?
But that’s just me. What about the rest of the world? Why has writing a letter or a postcard become such a lost form of communication? True, we have seen some marvellous technological developments in our time. The telephone, fax machines, e-mail. We’ve done a great deal seeing what we can do to speed up communication; make it more convenient. But has that been a good thing? Telephones begat telemarketers. E-mail begat spam.
And studies are already being conducted pointing out how Internet communication seems to be destroying the written word. Students are handing in essays typed in chat room shorthand, for Samantha’s sake! I guess, at the end of the day, it all depends on what you’d rather get. Buried among your spam, you could get this message:
Hey,
Frank nertz at mtng
LOL
Bob
Or, buried among your bills, you could get this,
My dearest friend,
You won’t believe the craziest thing Frank did today! He wet himself in the big meeting! I was laughing out loud!
Your friend,
Bob
What would you rather get? The latter, correct? See, people love to get mail that’s not bills. So, I’m trying to send more letters. I haven’t sent one to Mr. Anderson in a while, but I’m going to. I have a few students in Japan who still get a prairie sunset postcard from me. And Trouble in China gets something almost daily. Apparently, her students love my postcards.
Whenever possible, I volunteer to do the daily ritual. I have my own mail key. I walk down to the post office. I place the key in the lock of old Box 311, and my heart flutters as open the box. And inside I find…nothing. Not many of my friends are following my example yet. | https://chaosinabox.com/index.php/2004/02/23/mail-call/ |
The utility model relates to the technical field of wood processing and polishing, in particular to an automatic double-sided sander which comprises a workbench body, a driving structure is installed at the bottom end of the workbench body, a control panel is installed on the outer side of the driving structure, a first electric sliding rail is arranged at the top end of the workbench body, and a second electric sliding rail is arranged at the bottom end of the workbench body. The inner side of the first electric sliding rail is movably connected with a first electric sliding block, a second electric sliding rail is arranged on the side, close to the first electric sliding rail, of the top end of the workbench body, the inner side of the second electric sliding rail is movably connected with a second electric sliding block, and the top end of the first electric sliding block is fixedly connected with a movable rod. According to the wood board sanding and polishing device, the driving structure, the control panel, the first electric sliding rail, the first electric sliding block, the second electric sliding rail, the second electric sliding block, the movable rod, the roller and the baffle are arranged, and therefore wood board sanding and polishing work can be better completed. | |
The University of Wisconsin Madison Institute for Clinical and Translational Research’s Dissemination and Implementation (D&I) Launchpad’s 2021 D&I Short Course – Ready, $et, Sustain: Balancing Cost and Value Using Practical Implementation Methods.
This free 2-day Short Course featured EPIS expert Greg Aarons and SIC and COINS expert Lisa Saldana as visiting faculty. They will led workshop and panel sessions to elucidate how to weave and apply practical implementation methods to enhance readiness, implementation, and sustainment. They also held interactive small group sessions where they provided insights on your projects.
2021 Visiting Faculty
Dr. Aarons is a clinical and organizational psychologist, Professor of Psychiatry at UC San Diego, Director of the Child and Adolescent Services Research Center (CASRC), and Co-Director of the UCSD ACTRI Dissemination and Implementation Science Center. He has published over 200 peer-reviewed papers and his work has been featured in policy reports from the Institute of Medicine including “New Directions in Child Abuse and Neglect Research” and “Psychosocial Interventions of Mental and Substance Use Disorders.” His research, funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute of Mental Health, Centers for Disease Control, and the W.T. Grant Foundation focuses on identifying and improving system, organizational, and individual factors that support implementation and sustainment of evidence-based practices and quality of care in health and allied health care settings. He co-developed the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS) framework. His work focuses on aligning and testing leadership and organization development strategies to support evidence-based practice implementation and sustainment in behavioral health. Dr. Aarons’ most recent project works with policy makers to align state level policy with payment and quality metric incentives for public sector behavioral health and substance use disorder treatment agencies. He has also developed implementation and scale-up strategies that are being used and tested in behavioral health, schools, child welfare, HIV prevention, and trauma care in the US, Norway, and sub-Saharan Africa.
Lisa Saldana is a Senior Scientist at Oregon Social Learning Center, with a research emphasis in evidence-based practice in public serving systems. Her clinical and research emphasis involves addressing the needs of families involved in the child welfare system. A clinical psychologist by training, she is an implementation scientist focused on the development, evaluation, and implementation of prevention-focused EBPs. Lisa is the developer of the FAIR- Families Actively Improving Relationships model, an integrative treatment for parental opioid and/or methamphetamine abuse and child neglect. FAIR recently has been recognized by the California Evidence-Based Clearinghouse. She also is the developer of the R3 supervisor implementation strategy for the child welfare workforce, an evidence-based approach to improve the culture and climate of child welfare systems, with a focus on infusing the use of evidence-based strategies in all interactions with families. Finally, Lisa is the primary developer of the Stages of Implementation Completion (SIC) and Cost of Implementing New Strategies (COINS) measures of implementation process, milestones, and resource use. The SIC and COINS tools have been used to track over 1,900 implementations of different behavioral and physical healthcare programs worldwide. Lisa has been the principal or co-investigator on multiple federally funded grants, and has served as a mentor to many junior investigators with an interest in implementation science and evidence-based practice in public service systems.
Agenda
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DAY 1: Wednesday, October 20th
VIDEO 11:00am – 11:15am: Introduction to Short Course 2021
VIDEO 11:15am – 12:30pm: LEARN — Introduction to EPIS – Greg Aarons
Objective: Introduce meaningful use of the EPIS framework, how to identify and understand outer system and inner organizational contexts, and how to design interventions for sustainment
VIDEO 12:45pm – 1:45pm: APPLY — EPIS Case Studies Panel – Michelle Chui, Melissa Datallo, Kris Krasnowski
Objective: Understand the utilization of EPIS and the interplay of context and leadership in the design and evaluation of interventions as applied to case studies involving Over-the-Counter Medication Safety Intervention in Community Pharmacies and Evidence-Based Health Promotion Programs.
2:00pm – 3:15pm: INTERACT — Small Group Breakout Sessions (abstract requested during registration)
Objective: Apply EPIS framework and related concepts to participants’ projects
3:15pm – 4:00pm: NETWORK — Informal chats with D&I experts
All times listed are in Central Standard Time (CST)
DAY 2: Thursday, October 21st
VIDEO 11:00am – 12:15pm: LEARN — Introduction to SIC and COINS – Lisa Saldana
Objective: Understand how to meaningfully use SIC and COINS, integrate with EPIS, and assess and understand readiness
VIDEO 12:30pm – 1:30pm: APPLY — SIC and COINS Case Studies Panel – Jay Ford, Andrew Quanbeck
Objective: Understand how to meaningfully utilize the SIC and COINS and how to adapt as applied to case studies involving NIATx Stages of Implementation Checklist and its utilization in a randomized control trial of addiction treatment agencies and using the Cost of Implementing New Strategies framework for the Balanced Opioid Initiative. | https://ictr.wisc.edu/research-resources/dissemination-implementation-launchpad/dissemination-implementation-short-course-2021/ |
According to Rabbi Akiva, the passage in Sefer Bamidbar (19:16) “And whoever in the open field touches…” – which is taught in the context of the laws relating to ritual defilement and the dead – comes to include the case of someone who comes into contact with a gollel and dofek, teaching that such a person will become ritually defiled.
The commentaries disagree about how to define these terms. Many commentaries, including Rashi, explain that the gollel is the cover to a casket, while the dofek are the walls of the casket, upon which the gollel rests. This appears to be the position of the Rambam, as well, who explains (Mishneh Torah, Hilkhot Oholot 2:4) that the walls of the casket are called the dofek because they press down – doḥakim – on the dead body. Rabbeinu Tam argues that our Gemara clearly relates to these things as being above ground, “in the open field,” so they cannot possibly be part of the casket. He suggests that these terms relate to the tombstone that is aboveground, with the gollel as the large stone placed above the grave (apparently horizontally), while the dofek refers to the stones upon which the gollel lies – pressing down on them.
These explanations clearly relate to the burial practices that were common in the Medieval period. During Mishnaic times, burial traditions in Israel often included interring the corpse in a burial cave that served as a temporary grave where it would decompose. At a later date, the bones would be removed and transferred to a family burial cave. This cave was sealed by means of a “rolling stone” – a gollel – which was held in place with another stone – a dofek. In some cases, wax or clay with the impression of the owner’s seal was placed between the stone and the wall so that it could be easily determined if the tomb had been opened. To enable people to descend into the large tomb, the dofek was pried loose and the gollel was rolled away. | https://steinsaltz.org/daf/hullin72/ |
RIO DE JANEIRO — During the fourth quarter of the Argentina-U.S. men’s basketball game, with the Americans’ lead bouncing between 25 and 28 points, the crowd here began going wild.
First, it was the Argentinians who were singing and cheering, in part because that’s what Argentina basketball fans do and in part because the scoreboard was making it abundantly clear where this was headed (Team USA went on to win 105-78) and thus this would be the last international game for the great Manu Ginobili. So they honored him.
[restrict]
Except at that point, Brazilian fans, whose team didn’t even make the knockout stages of the Olympics, but were here because the game was in Brazil, began heckling Argentina because of an ancient and heated rivalry between the two nations.
“Eliminated,” Brazil’s fans chanted in Portuguese. “Eliminated.”
The Argentinians weren’t going to take that quietly, especially since Argentina beat Brazil earlier in the Olympics, so they began singing and cheering and chanting louder and louder. Bewildered USA fans began waving American flags and chanting, “U-S-A, U-S-A” because it seemed like something fun to do and, after all, their team was a) actually participating in the game and b) winning it.
Down on the U.S. bench, in the cauldron of unexpected noise and passion playing out in the final minutes of a blowout, the players began looking around, shrugging their shoulders and trying to make sense of it all.
“I was stunned,” said DeMarcus Cousins. “I didn’t know what was being said. In a way, I was a little worried, ‘Is this about us? What’s really going on?’ At one point the building was shaking.”
“We didn’t understand what was going on, if they were cheering against each other or with each other,” Paul George said. “That’s new for us. We enjoyed it.”
That was the most memorable thing that happened here Wednesday in the quarterfinal match – fans of two teams who weren’t playing each other taking the opportunity to get into it with each other.
Well, other than when DeAndre Jordan almost knocked down the basket on an alley-oop, or when he looked ready to knock down a few Argentina players during a would-be square-off after a hard foul or – most importantly – the actual favorite of the Olympic basketball tournament finally arrived, which meant Ginobili needed to leave because Argentina didn’t stand a chance.
“For us it’s effort,” said George, the Indiana Pacers star. “We have the talent. … We’re more talented. We have to play together.”
USA Basketball actually has been trying to downplay this concept that the Americans are just so talented that they and they alone will determine if they win gold, a lack of focus the only thing that can trip them up. The world has gotten closer and that is especially true of Spain, which awaits in Friday’s semifinal matchup.
Except George is correct, especially when you watch Team USA fall behind 19-9 only to put together a 27-2 run to take command of the game and crush Argentina’s will. It was all on display then – not just talent but tenacity, defense, ball movement, trust. It included George forcing a backcourt violation on sheer effort. | https://islandtimes.org/how-team-usa-found-its-dominance-with-blowout-victory-over-argentina/ |
Dawson City’s new water treatment plant is a model for efficiency, using renewable energy for heating and power. As the largest facility in Western Canada with cartridge filtration, it provides robust treatment for a community of 1,400 that typically swells to more than 5,000 during the summer. And the facility’s landmark architecture reflects the town’s character and history.
Opportunities for improvement
When the town’s 40-year-old drinking water treatment plant was struggling to meet Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality, the Yukon Government sought to replace the aging facility. The new facility needed to treat water drawn from four wells near the confluence of the Yukon and Klondike Rivers, where groundwater supply is at risk to contamination.
The government retained Associated Engineering to provide design and construction services for a new water treatment plant. After evaluating various processes, the design team recommended cartridge filtration as appropriate for the groundwater source, which is low in turbidity and colour.
The technology is simple to operate and eliminates the need for chemicals typically used in traditional water treatment systems. Since they are washable and reusable, the cartridges only need to be replaced about twice a year, a significant benefit given Dawson City’s remote location and limited access to supplies.
To treat 6 million L per day, the plant’s two-stage cartridge system uses 5-micron filters, along with a 1-micron filter to protect against protozoa pathogens. The treatment process also includes ultraviolet (UV) and chlorine gas disinfection.
Cold-climate engineering was essential to ensure water would not freeze pipes during winters when temperatures can drop below -40 C. Heat is drawn from a local wood chip biomass plant to supplement traditional oil-fired boilers. Exterior piping is insulated and heat-traced. During commissioning, water was constantly circulated through the underground pipes and adjacent reservoir to avoid freezing.
In the summer, the building’s power supply is augmented by a solar photovoltaic (PV) system.
Through a unique arrangement of piping and valves, the town’s fire pump supply flows are looped within the potable water distribution system. During the winter months, the potable water supply is pumped unidirectionally into the distribution system and water is directed back into the treatment plant for reheating to prevent freezing. This system ensures water remains in constant motion throughout the winter, while allowing fire flow supply to back-feed into the looped system when required.
Flood protection
Situated on the confluence of the Yukon and Klondike Rivers, Dawson City has been subject to large-scale flooding in the past. As an essential service, the plant needs to be protected.
Analysis of river levels in future climate-change scenarios showed flood levels exceeded the building’s ground elevation. Thus, the building’s foundation and walls were designed to resist a 200-year flood and all sensitive electrical equipment and controls were installed on the second floor.
Localized construction
The plant fits on a small footprint of two standard residential lots, which the team maximized by designing a two-storey structure and minimizing setbacks, working in consultation with Dawson City Council to obtain a special bylaw exemption. And given the limited setbacks for adjacent buildings, fire-rated wall materials were used and a fire suppression system was installed.
To reflect Dawson City’s history, including the Klondike Gold Rush, the team consulted with the town’s heritage advisory committee during design. The result is a façade that mimics the Pacific Cold Storage Building, an early 1900s structure, including a circular staircase leading from the front entrance to the second floor to replicate the circular tank that formed part of the original building.
Building materials included wood frames and dowel laminated timber (DLT) roof panels, sourced locally where possible to reduce transportation costs, minimize the project’s carbon footprint and expedite construction. The DLT roof also offers sound absorption, reducing exterior noise from the plant operations.
The $15-million plant was completed under budget and ahead of the Yukon Government’s schedule. Planning and design began in 2016, construction in 2018 and commissioning in 2019—and by the end of that year, residents were drinking water from the largest municipal cartridge filtration system in Western Canada.
Award-winning firm (lead consultant): Associated Engineering, Edmonton (Steven Bartsch, P.Eng.; Matt Lozie, P.Eng.; Richard Annett, C.Eng, P.Eng.; Louis De Lange, P.Eng.; Jared Suwala, P.Eng.).
Owner: Yukon Government.
Other key players: Kobayashi + Zedda Architects, Tetra Tech (geotechnical), Wildstone Construction Group (contractor). | https://www.canadianconsultingengineer.com/features/2020-cceawards-showcase-dawson-city-water-treatment-plant/ |
Tai Chi is an ancient Chinese martial art developed five thousand years ago by Taoist Alchemists. These men were searching for enlightenment and used simple mind-body exercises to cultivate a mindfulness spirit and a healthy body capable of great longevity.
Tai Chi forms are a living collection of martial arts movements connected in a series. Each posture might be deciphered as several self-defense techniques.
Today those forms are mostly taught to promote health and longevity due to their wide array of physical and mental benefits.
Qigong (breath/energy work) is a series of individual movements designed to strengthen the body, focus the mind, and sharpen the spirit. Qigong exercises are usually grouped together in sets and are performed individually.
One doesn't normally practice Tai Chi without also practicing Qigong.
Before the Coronavirus of 2020, I held regular closed classes at
ARC of Evansville (resource center for handicapped persons),
Pinehaven Nursing Facility,
Evansville Protestant Home,
and open classes at Fresh Air Church in Evansville and Trinity U. C. C. Church in Jasper.
Jan of 2020, I was invited to the Chinese New Year Celebration to perform a Tai Chi demo. I was the only non-Chinese person on stage the entire night of festivities. It was a great honor.
Once restrictions are lifted, I have open classes scheduled at
YMCA Evansville,
The PIT Barbell Club and Fitness Center,
The Washtub LCC, and
Yin Yoga, all in Evansville,
as well as
Dubois County Museum in Jasper and
Free Your Mind Wellness in Owensboro. | https://www.tristateholisticwellness.com/tai-chi |
Tai Chi is a system of beautiful, flowing movements used by millions of people around the world as a healing, strengthening and meditative exercise. Chi-kung (Qigong) is a similar, but a more ancient mind-body system for cultivating our natural energy.
Regular practice of these closely related arts increases balance control and flexibility, and promotes health, strength, confidence, longevity, and peace of mind. The N.Y. Times recently reported studies show that Tai Chi can ease fibromyalgia and help people with conditions that include arthritis, Parkinson's disease, osteopenia and high blood pressure.
Elissa Berardi is certified as a Tai Chi instructor by the Oriental Fitness Institute of Philadelphia. She also studied at the Omega Institute in New York, studied and taught at the Won Institute, and has trained with many east and west coast Masters. Ms. Berardi is also a professional recorder and flute player, and performed and recorded with Philomel Baroque for over three decades. | https://www.elissaberardi.com/about.html |
Transkredit was birthed to address a gap in financial inclusion, in line with the Maya Declaration; a global initiative for responsible and sustainable financial inclusion that aims to reduce poverty and ensure financial stability for the benefit of all. We have taken up a mandate to provide easy access to credit for every qualified adult and reputable organization in Nigeria and beyond; through the use of innovation and our array of products tailored to suit their needs.
Job Position: Relationship Manager, HNI (High Network Individual)
Job Location: Wuse II, Abuja (FCT)
Job Description
- To build and deepen relationships with existing and potential clients by selling products/services of the company, particularly deposit mobilization, to retail, HNI, and MSME customers.
Job Responsibilities
- Grow the existing risk asset portfolio in line with the company’s strategy.
- Investment Mobilisation
- Identify, develop and cultivate relationships with customers within the retail and MSME segment that are in need of loans and advances to support their business
- Manage existing clients’ portfolios as well as develop new business opportunities by generating risk assets within the MSME and retail market
- Leverage the company’s existing relationship by developing and executing proactive, creative and ongoing contact initiatives
- Prepare sales pitches, presentations, and other documents required for client engagements
- Assist in the development, launching, and sales of new product offering
- Act as liaison between the company and existing/prospective clients
- Responsible for ensuring the coordination, execution, and monitoring of an extension of credit through the approval to maturity including the following
- Serving as the primary interface with the client
- Ensuring a complete, accurate, and balanced assessment of risk in the credit approval presentation
- Coordinating the approval process managing information flow and ensuring that the credit follows the stated approval process for the facility limit
- Ensuring that clear communication between the company and the client is maintained and that the internal approvals are consistent with client expectations
- Ensuring compliance with related policies, especially the credit policy
- Ensuring that the approval documentation is complete
- Ensuring that the legal documentation is complete, consistent with the internal approvals and properly executed and filed.
- Ensuring quality and timely service delivery, within (or exceeding) customer expectations.
- Monitor industry trends and obtain necessary intelligence to be used as input for new product development
Job Requirements
- Candidates should possess a Bachelor’s or Master’s Degree qualification with 4 – 8 years of work experience.
Application Deadline
14th July, 2022.
How to Apply
Interested and qualified candidates should send their Application and CV to: [email protected] using the Job Title as the subject of the email. | https://www.jobnetworknigeria.com/job/relationship-manager-at-transkredit/ |
LITTLETON, Colo. (CBS4) – King Soopers officials are recalling an unknown amount of packaged meat from their store at 8126 South Wadsworth Boulevard near Chatfield Avenue in Littleton.
They say the products were in refrigerated cases and the “refrigerated cases’ temperature fail-safe was disabled by a construction team during the store’s remodel.”
The products, which were sold between Wednesday and Saturday, may have spoiled, thus resulting in the recall.
The items include the following:
Ground Beef
Ground sausage
Beef – Steaks, Roasts, stew meats
Fresh Pork – Chops, Roasts, diced, ribs
Hams
Lunchmeats
Bacon
Breakfast Sausage
Dinner Sausages
Hot Dogs
Convenience Meals – Ready to Eat Pre-cooked meats, potatoes and sides
Lunchables
Fresh Chicken
Fresh turkey
Ground poultry
No reports of illness or injury have been reported at this point. Anyone concerned about an illness should contact a health care provider.
Customers who have purchased any of the above products should not consume it and should return it to a store for a full refund or replacement.
Customers can call King Soopers at 1-800-576-4377, Monday through Friday 8:00 a.m. ET to 12:00 a.m. ET, and Saturday through Sunday 8:00 a.m. ET to 9:00 p.m. ET. | https://denver.cbslocal.com/2018/04/08/king-soopers-packaged-meats-recall/ |
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1
artikkel ajakirjas
Comparative study of peat composition by using FT-IR spectroscopy
Krumins, Janis
;
Klavins, Maris
;
Seglins, Valdis
;
Kaup, Enn
Scientific journal of Riga Technical University. Material science and applied chemistry = Rīgas Tehniskās universitātes zinātniskie raksti. Materiālzinātne un lietišķā ķimija
2012
/
p. 106-114 : ill
artikkel ajakirjas
2
artikkel ajakirjas
Distribution of hydroxyl groups in kukersite shale oil : quantitative determination using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy
Baird, Zachariah Steven
;
Oja, Vahur
;
Järvik, Oliver
Applied spectroscopy
2015
/
p. 555-562
http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/14-07705
artikkel ajakirjas
Kirjeid leitud 2, kuvan
1 - 2
pealkiri
134
1.
Comparative study of peat composition by using FT-IR spectroscopy
2.
Distribution of hydroxyl groups in kukersite shale oil : quantitative determination using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy
3.
A method of intra-ventricular bioimpedance spectroscopy to estimate the dynamic volume of right ventricle
4.
A study on the nitrogen metabolism in cultured Sf-9 insect cells using 15N-labeled substrates and 1H/15N NMR spectroscopy
5.
Analysis of pore water dissolved organic matter by UV-spectroscopy and spectral fluorescence signatures technology
6.
Application of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for quick laboratory assessment of Estonian oil shale quality
7.
Application of IR thermography for unsteady fluid-flow research
8.
Application of modulation spectroscopy methods in photovoltaic materials research = Modulatsioonspektroskoopia meetodite rakendamine päikeseenergeetika materjalide uurimiseks
9.
Application of the ion chromatography for the speciation of the sample components in atom absorption spectroscopy
10.
Binary signals in impedance spectroscopy
11.
Bioimpedance and spectroscopy
12.
Broadband excitation for short-time impedance spectroscopy
13.
Broadband spectroscopy of a dynamic impedance
14.
Broadband spectroscopy of dynamic impedances with short chirp pulses
15.
Characterisation of ageing of melamine-formaldehyde resins by NMR spectroscopy
16.
Characterisation of dissolved organic matter in the Baltic and Skagerrak using field-flow fractionation, gel permeation chromatography and 3D fluorescence spectroscopy
17.
Characterization of resorcinol- and phenol-formaldehyde prepolymers by 1H NMR spectroscopy
18.
Characterization of urea-formaldehyde condensation by 13C NMR spectroscopy
19.
Characterization of urea-formaldehyde storage stability by 1H NMR spectroscopy
20.
Chirp pulse excitation in the impedance spectroscopy of dynamic subjects - signal modelling in time and frequency domain
21.
Chirp signals in impedance spectroscopy
22.
Chirp-based impedance spectroscopy pf piezo-sensors
23.
Compact multichannel device for differential impedance spectroscopy of microfluidic sensors [Online resource]
24.
Comparison of photoelectron-spectroscopy results to ab-initio and density functional calculations : the ethylbenzene cation
25.
Comparison of rectangular wave excitations in broad band impedance spectroscopy for microfluidic applications
26.
Comparison of spectrally sparse excitation signals for fast bioimpedance spectroscopy : in the context of cytometry
27.
Crest factor optimization of the multisine waveform for bioimpedance spectroscopy
28.
Cross-check of the dating results obtained by ESR and IR-OSL methods : implication for the Pleistocene palaeoenvironmental reconstructions
29.
Current source considerations for broadband bioimpedance spectroscopy
30.
De novo 3D structure determination from sub-milligram protein samples by solid-state 100 kHz MAS NMR spectroscopy
31.
Defect studies in Cu2ZnSnSe4 and Cu2ZnSn(Se0.75S0.25)4 by admittance and photoluminescence spectroscopy
32.
Detection of psycho- and bioactive drugs in different sample matrices by fluorescence spectroscopy and capillary electrophoresis = Psühho- ja bioaktiivsete ainete tuvastamine erinevates proovimaatriksites kasutades fluor
33.
Determination of heating value of Estonian oil shale by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
34.
Determination of isotope effects on acid-base equilibria by 13C NMR spectroscopy
35.
Determination of phenol/formaldehyde molar ralio of resol resins by infrared spectroscopy
36.
Development of Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy and Total Internal Reflection Microscopy Based Biosensing Assay Systems = Elektrilise impedantsi spektroskoopial ja täieliku sisepeegelduse fluorestsentsmikroskoopial põhi
37.
Dizaino, technologijų ir ekonominių išteklių tarpdiscipliniškumo taikymas karjeros konsultavime
38.
Dynamic reference for evaluation of bioimpedance spectroscopy devices
39.
Dynamic volume measurement of right ventricle using impedance spectroscopy and multi electrode intraventricular catheter
40.
Effects of Ar+ etching of Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin films : An x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence study
41.
Efficient excitation signals for the fast impedance spectroscopy
42.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
43.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis of immunoglobulin G in patients with gastric cancer
44.
Evaluation of the effect of test medium on total Cu body burden ofnano CuO-exposed Daphnia magna: A TXRF spectroscopy study
45.
Fast impedance spectroscopy of piezosensors for structural health monitoring
46.
Filter cake washing : partial dissolution of organic particles and real-time monitoring based on Raman spectroscopy
47.
Fluorescence spectroscopy of sedimentary pore-water humic substances : a simple tool for retrospective analysis of lake ecosystems
48.
Focusing aspects of delayed time reversal based nonlinear elastic wave spectroscopy methods
49.
Frederick Soddy, Niels Bohr ja F.T.Aston aatomi mudelite loojatena
50.
General approach to measurements of pKa differences by C NMR spectroscopy
51.
Glassy GaS: transparent and unusually rigid thin films for visible to mid-IR memory applications
52.
Heat transfer investigation in pipe by IR-thermography
53.
Heat transfer investigation of pulsating and accelerated pipe flow by IR-thermography
54.
High-accuracy reference standards for quantitative two-photon absorption spectroscopy = Kõrgtäpsusega standardid kvantitatiivses kahefootonses neeldumisspektroskoopias
55.
Hydrogen states in mixed-cation CuIn(1−x)GaxSe2 chalcopyrite alloys : a combined study by first-principles density-functional calculations and muon-spin spectroscopy
56.
Impact of seasonal climate change on optical and molecular properties of river water dissolved organic matter by HPLC-SEC and UV-vis spectroscopy
57.
In-line monitoring of reactive crystallization process based on ATR FTIR and Raman spectroscopy
58.
In-line monitoring of reactive crystallization process based on ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy
59.
Inovacijos, saugumas ir etika
60.
Investigating the impact of anthropogenic land use on a hemiboreal lake ecosystem using carbon/nitrogen ratios and coupled-optical emission spectroscopy
61.
Investigation of biomasses and chars obtained from pyrolysis of different biomasses with solid-state 13C and 23Na nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
62.
Investigation of P-i-n GaAs structures by DLTS method : the deep level transient spectroscopy in application to GaAs p-i-n structures for identification of deep levels
63.
Investigation of potential and compositional fluctuations in CuGa3Se5 crystals using photoluminescence spectroscopy
64.
Investigation of the silicon/polypyrrole interface by pulsed photoluminescence and IR spectroscopic ellipsometry during electrochemical deposition
65.
IR technology and image processing applied to flow investigation
66.
Kad gyva butu istorine ir tautine savimone : XXIV tarptautine mokslo istorijos koferencija Taline : interviu
67.
Kas ir gandriz nulles energijas ekas? Eiropas Inženieru savienibu federacijas definicija
68.
Limitation of signal amplitudes in bioimpedance spectroscopy
69.
Method and device for measurement of impedance of lithium-ion cells : design proposal for hand-held electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement device
70.
Molecular spectroscopy and ionic liquids
71.
Molecular weight distributions and average molecular weights of pyrolysis oils from oil shales : literature data and measurements by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and atmospheric solids analysis probe mass spectros
72.
Monitoring of the evolved gases by FTIR spectroscopy in apatite-ammonium sulfate thermal reactions
73.
MPA in the determination of the absolute configuration of vicinal diols by NMR spectroscopy
74.
Multichannel bioimpedance spectroscopy : instrumentation methods and design principles = Paljukanaliline bioimpedantsspektroskoopia : mõõtemeetodid ja disaini printsiibid
75.
Multichannel electrical impedance spectroscopy analyzer with microfluidic sensors
76.
Nonlinear chirp pulse excitation for the fast impedance spectroscopy
77.
Notes on applicability of the impedance spectroscopy for characterization of materials and substances
78.
Notes on signals for simultaneous multipoint impedance spectroscopy
79.
On the selection of excitation signals for the fast spectroscopy of electrical bioimpedance
80.
Online tissue discrimination for transcutaneous needle guidance applications using broadband impedance spectroscopy
81.
Optical spectroscopy methods for the characterization of sol-gel materials
82.
Optical spectroscopy studies of Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSnSe<sub>4</sub> thin films
83.
Optimisation of multisine waveform for bio-impedance spectroscopy
84.
Phase composition of selenized Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin films determined by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy
85.
Phase transformations in porous materials studied by in situ solid-state NMR spectroscopy and in situ X-ray diffraction
86.
Photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy of polycrystalline AgInTe2
87.
Predicting fuel properties using chemometrics : a review and an extension to temperature dependent physical properties by using infrared spectroscopy to predict density
88.
Preparation and impedance spectroscopy of hybrid structures based on CuIn₃Se₅ photoabsorber = Hübriidsete CuIn₃Se₅ fotoabsorberstruktuuride valmistamine ja impedantsispektroskoopia
89.
Principles for the design of impedance spectroscopy devices for identification of dynamic bio-systems = Dünaamiliste biosüsteemide impedantsspektroskoopia seadmete disaini printsiibid
90.
Process instrumentation for impedance spectroscopy - a modular concept
91.
Protein NMR spectroscopy at 150 kHz magic-angle spinning continues to improve resolution and mass sensitivity
92.
QUADRA impedance spectroscopy devices for dynamic measurements of bio-objects
93.
Radiative recombination in Cu2ZnSnSe4 monograins studied by photoluminescence spectroscopy
94.
Raman and ATR FTIR spectroscopy in reactive crystallization : simultaneous monitoring of solute concentration and polymorphic state of the crystals
95.
Raman spectroscopy for reliability assessment of multilayered AlCrN coating in tribo-corrosive conditions [Online resource]
96.
Raman spectroscopy in API processing : pre-processing of Raman spectra and in-line monitoring of batch crystallization
97.
Raman spectroscopy of multilayered AlCrN coating under high temperature sliding/oxidation
98.
Rapid assessment of photovoltaic activity of perovskite solar cells by photoluminescence spectroscopy
99.
Rectangular wave excitation in wideband bioimpedance spectroscopy
100.
Scalable impedance spectroscopy : comparative study of sinusoidal and rectangular chirp excitations
101.
Shallow defect density determination in CuIn3Se5 thin film photoabsorber by impedance spectroscopy
102.
Simple and efficient excitation signals for fast impedance spectroscopy
103.
Simple DSP interface for impedance spectroscopy of piezo-sensors
104.
Simplified signal processing for impedance spectroscopy with spectrally sparse sequences
105.
Simultaneous monitoring of crystal and mother liquor phases during batch crystallization using in-line Raman spectroscopy
106.
Smart sensor systems using impedance spectroscopy
107.
Structural properties of apatites from Finland studied by FTIR spectroscopy
108.
Studies on the structure of melamine-formaldehyde condensates by 13C NMR spectroscopy
109.
Study of kesterite solar cell absorbers by capacitance spectroscopy methods = Kesteriitsete päikesepatareide absorbermaterjalide uurimine mahtuvusspektroskoopiliste meetoditega
110.
Study of point defects in wide- bandgap Cu2CdGeS4 microcrystals by temperature and laser power dependent photoluminescence spectroscopy
111.
Study on urea-formaldehyde resins structure by 1H NMR spectroscopy
112.
Symmetry breaking revealed by THz spectroscopy of magnetic excitations = Sümmeetriarikkumiste avaldumine magnetergastuste teraherts-spektrites
113.
Synthesis control of charge separation at anatase TiO2 thin films studied by transient surface photovoltage spectroscopy
114.
Techniques involving UV absorption spectroscopy for estimation of structural changes in soil organic matter
115.
Terahertz absorption spectroscopy study of spin waves in orthoferrite YFeO3 in a magnetic field
116.
Terahertz spectroscopy of low-dimensional spin systems = Madalamõõduliste spinnsüsteemide terahertsspektroskoopia
117.
The dipeptide cyclic(glycyltryptophanyl) in the gas phase : aastal concerted action of density functional calculations, S-O-S-1 two-photon ionization, spectral UV/UV hole burning and laser photoelectron spectroscopy
118.
The impedance spectroscopy of CuIn3Se5 photoabsorber films prepared by high vacuum evaporation technique
119.
The impedance spectroscopy of hybrid CdTe / PEDOT-PSS interface
120.
The impedance spectroscopy of well-oriented CuIn3Se5 films prepared by high vacuum evaporation technique
121.
The piezo-electric impedance spectroscopy : solutions and applications = Piesoelektriline impedants-spektroskoopia : lahendused ja rakendused
122.
The role of structural properties on deep defect states in Cu2ZnSnS4 studied by photoluminescence spectroscopy
123.
The spectroscopy of the quantum criticality in a transverse field ising chain compound CoNb2O6 [Online resource]
124.
The study of magnetoelectric effect in multiferroics using THz spectroscopy = Magnetelektrilise nähtuse uurimine multiferroidides THz spektroskoopiaga
125.
Thermal performance of prefabricated multistory houses in Tallinn, Estonia, based on IR survey
126.
Time-frequency impedance spectroscopy : excitation considerations
127.
TMS320F28069-based impedance spectroscopy with binary excitation
128.
Tritis ir vandens stabilus izotopai baltijos juroje 2016-2017 metais
129.
Waste paper sorting using imaging spectroscopy
130.
Verslas, vadiba ir studijos'2007 : mokslo darbai
131.
Verslas, vadyba ir studijos 2009 : mokslo darbai = Business, management and education 2009 : research papers
132.
Wideband excitation signals for fast impedance spectroscopy of biological objects = Lairiba ergutussignaalid bioloogiliste objektide kiiretoimelise bioimpedants-spektroskoopia jaoks
133.
Visualizing transplanted muscle flaps using minimally invasive multi-electrode bioimpedance spectroscopy
134.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of spray pyrolysis deposited copper indium disulfide films
võtmesõna
47
1.
FT-IR spectroscopy
2.
AC impedance spectroscopy
3.
admittance spectroscopy
4.
Auger electron spectroscopy
5.
bioimpedance spectroscopy
6.
broadband impedance spectroscopy
7.
C NMR spectroscopy
8.
Cavity Ring-down Spectroscopy
9.
chiroptical spectroscopy
10.
delayed time reversal-nonlinear elastic wave spectroscopy
11.
diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in near infrared region
12.
electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)
13.
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
14.
ESR and IR-OSL dating
15.
fair trade (FT)
16.
fast impedance spectroscopy
17.
fluorescence spectroscopy
18.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
19.
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
20.
FTIR spectroscopy
21.
impedance spectroscopy
22.
infrared (IR)
23.
infrared optically stimulated luminescence - (IR-OSL) dating
24.
infrared spectroscopy (IR)
25.
ion mobility spectroscopy
26.
IR imaging
27.
IR-OSL
28.
IR-OSL dating
29.
IR-spectroscopy
30.
laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
31.
mass spectroscopy (MS)
32.
Molecular spectroscopy
33.
muon spectroscopy
34.
near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)
35.
NMR spectroscopy
36.
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
37.
optical spectroscopy
38.
photoluminescence spectroscopy
39.
PL spectroscopy
40.
Raman spectroscopy
41.
solid-state NMR spectroscopy
42.
spectroscopy
43.
thermal desorption spectroscopy
44.
ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy
45.
UV-Vis spectroscopy
46.
X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy
47.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
allikas
46
1.
Applied spectroscopy
2.
Applied spectroscopy reviews
3.
Apskaita ir Finansai : Mokslo ir Verslo Partneryste : 10-osios tarptautines mokslines konferencijos programa ir santraukos, 2016 m. lapkričio 24-25 d. = Accounting and Finance : Science and Business Partnership : 10th In
4.
Automatika ir valdymo technologijos - 2004 = Automation and Control Technologies - 2004 : proceedings of the International Conference
5.
Bioimpedance and Spectroscopy
6.
Dalykine etika : pasaulines tendencijos ir postsocialistiniu šaliu aktualijos = Business ethics : world tendencies and actualities in postsocialist countries
7.
Economics and management = Ekonomika ir vadyba
8.
Ekonomika ir vadyba - 2009 = Economics & Management - 2009 : programme and collected abstracts of international scientific conference
9.
Elektronika ir elektrotechnika = Electronics and electrical engineering
10.
Elektronika ir elektrotechnika. T 121, Signalu technologija = Electronics and electrical engineering. T121, Signal technology
11.
Elektronikos mokslas : dabartis ir ateitis = Electronics Science : present and future : materials of international conference reports : Kaunas, May 18-19, 1999
12.
First IEEE International Conference on Engineering Complex Computer Systems : Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA, November 6-10, 1995
13.
Geodezija ir kartografija = Geodesy and cartography
14.
ICL'96, Prague : International Conference on Luminescence and Optical Spectroscopy of Condensed Matter, Prague, Czech Republic, 18-23 August 1996
15.
Impedance spectroscopy : advanced applications : battery research, bioimpedance, system design
16.
International workshop on impedance spectroscopy
17.
International Workshop on Impedance Spectroscopy : IWIS 2013 : abstract book : September 25-27, 2013, Chemnitz University of Technology, Germany
18.
International Workshop on Impedance Spectroscopy : IWIS 2016 : September 26-28, 2016, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Germany : abstract book
19.
International Workshop on Impedance Spectroscopy 2014 : September 24-26 2014, Chemnitz, Germany
20.
Journal of spectroscopy
21.
Konferencijos Chemija ir chemine technologija. Sekcijos Neorganiniu junginiu chemija ir technologija : pranešimu medžiaga
22.
Lecture notes on impedance spectroscopy : measurement, modeling and applications. Vol. 1
23.
Lecture notes on impedance spectroscopy : measurement, modeling and applications. Vol. 2
24.
Lecture notes on impedance spectroscopy : measurement, modeling and applications. Vol. 3
25.
Lecture notes on impedance spectroscopy : measurement, modeling and applications. Vol. 4
26.
Miesto socialinė raida. Kapsuko dabartis ir perspektyvos : (teminis rinkinys) = Социальное развитие города. Настоящее и перспективы Г. Капсукаса : тематический сборник
27.
Miestu transporto sistemos : tarptautines konferencijos "Miestu inžinerija ir aplinka", ivykusios Vilniuje 1994 m. rugsejo 22-23 d., medžiaga = Urban traffic systems : proceedings of international conference "Civil Engin
28.
Polimeru chemija, fizika ir technologija = Polymer chemistry, physics and technology : konferencijos pranešimu medžiaga
29.
Progress reports on impedance spectroscopy : measurements, modeling, and application
30.
Sociologija Lietuvoje : praeitis ir dabartis : konferencijos pranešimu medžiaga. 5. 2 knyga
31.
Stambiamolekuliu junginiu chemija ir technologija = Polymer chemistry and technology
32.
Stambiamolekuliu junginiu chemija ir technologija = Polymer chemistry and technology : konferencijos pranešimu medžiaga
33.
Stambiamolekuliu junginiu chemija ir technologija = Polymer chemistry and technology : tarptautines konferencijos pranešimu medžiaga
34.
Tarptautines konferencijos Elektros ir valdymo technologijos - 2006 : pranešimu medžiaga = Proceedings of International Conference Electrical and Control Technologies - 2006
35.
The 1st International Conference of Biomedical Spectroscopy : from Molecules to Man
36.
The First International Conference on Advanced Vibrational Spectroscopy : ICAVS-1 : August 19-24, 2001, Turku, Finland : book of abstracts and program
37.
Urbanistika ir architektura = Town planning and architecture
38.
Verslas : teorija ir praktika = Business : theory and practice
39.
Вопросы улучшения качества строительства и эксплуатации покрытий улиц и тротуаров : материалы межреспубликанской научно-технической конференции городских дорожников Прибалтиских республик, БССР, УССР, посвященная 100-лет
40.
Журнал прикладной спектроскопии = Journal of applied spectroscopy
41.
12-oji nacionalinė jūros mokslų ir technologijų konferencija : Jūros ir krantų tyrimai 2019, 2019 gegužės 9–10d., Klaipėda
42.
3rd Annual Conference of COST Action MP1204 & 6th International Conference on Semiconductor Mid-IR Materials and Optics SMMO2015 : book of abstracts : Institute of Photonics and Electronics, The Czech Academy of Sciences
43.
4-sios tarptautines konferencijos "Naujos statybines medžiagos, konstrukcijos ir technologijos", ivykusios Vilniuje 1995 m. gegežues 10-13 d. : straipsniai = Proceedings of 4th International Conference Modern Building Ma
44.
4-sios tarptautines konferencijos Naujos Statybines Medžiagos, Konstrukcijos ir Technologijos : straipsniai. 1 tomas = Proceedings of 4th international conference Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques, hel
45.
5th European Furnace Symposium and 10th International Solid Sampling Colloquium with Atomic Spectroscopy, Baloevgrad, Bulgaria, 2002
46.
8th European Symposium on Polymer Spectroscopy : Budapest ..., August 23-26, 1988 : Abstracts
kirjastus/väljaandja
2
1.
Filosofijos, sociologijos ir teisės institutas
2. | https://ws.lib.ttu.ee/publikatsioonid/Publ/Search/Index?RegisterId=44649 |
Gather students on the rug using a preferred classroom management technique. I like to use my “Stop, look, listen.” The students stop what they are doing, look at me and listen for the direction. I usually preface the direction with, “When I say go…” This reminds the students to listen to the whole direction before moving to follow the directive.
In this case I would say, “When I say go I would like you to clear your space, push in your chair and go take a spot on your dot. Walking feet go.” By saying walking feet I am reminding the students to use walking feet in the classroom to ensure safe movement between areas.
When all of the students are seated on their dot in the rug area I tell the students that we are going to watch a short video on trains.
“Boys and girls I am going to show you two short video clips about a fun form of transportation it is one of my favorites. I like the way I can look out the window and relax but if I want to get up and stretch my legs I can. Does anyone think they know what Mrs. Clapp’s favorite form of transportation is?”
I select a student who is following the correct classroom protocol of raising their hand to respond to the question.
“That’s right Carson it is a train. I love traveling by train.”
“In this video clip we are going to see some different kinds of trains. Listen closely to the sounds of the different types of trains."
During the first video I narrate while the students are watching. We discuss the different types of trains we see, how long or short they are, whether they are carrying people or cargo or both, and whether they are going fast or slow.
“In the video clip I noticed something about the steam train that concerns me. Can anyone think what it might be?”
I select a few students to respond as they try to guess my concern. Because of the nature of our school a student usually picks up on the concern.
“You are right Owen; the amount of smoke being blown out into the atmosphere does add to air pollution. So even though I like steam trains I am glad we do not use them all the time anymore.”
“We are going to read a book about a very famous little steam train. Can anyone guess who that might be?’
I select a student to respond.
“That’s right Landon it is Thomas the Tank Engine.”
I use these short video clips to get my students excited about trains as they will be working with trains in all kinds of activities during integrated work time.
“This book is called New Tracks for Thomas, written by Gail Herman and illustrated by William Heinemann.
During the reading of this book we discuss how Thomas did not follow directions and how he should have listened to his engine driver. We discuss vocabulary words like; freight, branch, boastful, etc. We review what it means to be proud and I let a couple of students tell us about a time when they were proud.
After reading I tell the students, “Today at one of the integrated work stations you will get an engine that looks like this one (I hold a sample engine for the students to see) and five cars that look like this one (again I hold up one for the students to see).”
“This is your job. First you need to write your name on the engine (I model this process). Next, I want you to look at the last letter of the title "My Word Train" (I model this process as I talk).”
“Now comes the tricky part. What letter sound do you hear at the end of the word “train”?”
I select a student to respond.
“Nicely done Rachel; I do hear the /n/ sound. Well now I am going to take that /n/ sound and make it the beginning sound of a word I will write on my next train car. Can anyone give me a word that begins with /n/?”
I select a student to respond.
“Nail does begin with /n/. Good work Kallee.” I write the word nail on the train car and stick it to the engine with tape.
“Now what sound is at the end of the word “nail”?”
I let the class call it out.
“Right it is /l/. What do you think I am going to do with that sound?”
I select a student who I know will give me the right answer because I do not want other students becoming confused.
“Right Emily; that sound is now the sound I want my next word to begin with. Does everyone understand what your job is?”
“What resources can I use to help me come up with words with specific letter sounds?”
I select enough students to respond to cover the resources.
“You all gave great resources. Those are the same resources I used to help me spell the word train.”
“Does anyone have any questions?”
Once I feel the group has a good grasp of the instructions I send the students over one table group at a time to maintain a safe and orderly classroom. It usually sounds like this;
“Table number one go have some word train fun.
Table number two, you know what to do.
Table number three, hope you were listening to me, and
Table number four, you shouldn’t be here anymore.”
Allow the students 15 minutes to work on this activity. Set a visual timer and remind the students to look at the timer so they will use their time wisely.
WHY ONE-TO-ONE LETTER CORRESPONDENCE?
One of the most important skills for children to develop in the kindergarten year is the recognition that letters and sounds are related. We often call this "the alphabetic principle," which is the notion that speech sounds can be connected to letters in a predictable way. To grasp the alphabetic principal, children need to understand that:
This is not an easy concept for many young learners to absorb so teachers must provide lots of practice opportunities in the classroom. The letter sounds should also be experienced as initial, medial and ending sounds because this can alter the sound the letter makes.
When the time is up I blow two short blasts on my whistle and use the “Stop, look, listen” technique mentioned above.
“When I say go, I would like you to clean up your space remembering to take care of our things, push in your chair, and use walking feet to go and take a spot on your dot.”
Students know to put completed work in the finished work bin. Any work that is not completed goes into the under construction bin and can be completed throughout the day whenever the student finds he/she has spare time or it will be completed during free choice center time.
Sample of train 1. End of sample train 1.
Sample train 2. End of sample train 2.
Once the students are seated I tell them that their exit slip for today is to read their word train to the rest of the class.
“Today your exit ticket is to read the word train you created. I will pull the word trains out of the finished work bin and call out the name I see written on the train. That person will come up in front of the class and read their word train to the rest of the group. DO not worry because if you need help I am right here to help you in whatever way you need.”
“Now if I am up here in front of the class reading my word train, what are some skills I need to remember?”
I select enough students to respond to cover the pointers we have discussed in the past.
“Those were all helpful pointer; I need to speak slowly and clearly, I need to let the audience see my face, and I need to stand up tall.”
“What about if I am an audience member; what do I need to do?”
Once again I select enough students to respond to cover the pointers we have discussed in the past.
“Great recalling boys and girls; I need to sit at attention with my eyes on the speaker, I need to be quiet and I need to be respectful.”
“Okay now we know what our jobs are so here we go.”
I pull trains out of the finished work bin and call the students up.
If a student has difficulty reading their own work I help out by prompting through whispering, pointing at the word they should be focusing on, straight our reading the word train if the student asks me too.
Student reading her word train Student reading her word train 2
Using this very quick and easy exit ticket method everyday gets the students into a routine and they know what to expect as a continuation of their learning. The exit ticket gives me a quick glimpse of how a student is doing when they either fluently give me a response or if they struggle I know I may need to do each support work with that particular student. The exit ticket also supports the lesson we have just completed and ties it up before moving on with the rest of our day.
I use the Word Train Checklist to go over the student’s work and once it is complete I will place the student’s work in his/her collection portfolio.
Looking at the student’s work with the checklist helps me to stay focused on the point that I am looking to see if a student was able to recognize the last letter sound in a word and then take that sound and make it the initial sound for the next word. What resources did the student use to write their word – word wall, books, friends, phonetic spelling, etc? I also make comment on how neat and tidy the work is.
Student mixing letters and sounds
The checklist helps me because the work sample provides me with evidence of students learning as to whether the student met the objectives or not. The checklist helps to convey information to the student’s family as to how well they are doing in class, and finally it helps the student by letting him/her know how he/she did and if there are areas where he/she could improve.
At the math station students use rulers to measure different train lengths. They record the results on their recording sheet.
At another station students color train cars according to the directions given (ordinal number word activity).
High student sample of ordinal place work. Back of high student ordinal place work.
Middle student sample of ordinal place work. Back of middle student ordinal place work. | https://betterlesson.com/lesson/595125/word-trains?from=breadcrumb_lesson |
‘Grief is not about forgetting the person who has died, but about finding ways to remember them. Remembering brings healing. When someone dies, our feelings for them and memories of them stay alive and active inside us. We need to find ways of expressing those feelings so that we can move on in our lives,’ says Julia Samuel, an experienced bereavement counsellor.
When you lose someone important in your life, you may fear you will be unable to conjure up all the happy memories of your life with them. This fear is very common. By taking an active part in creating ways of remembering, you can turn those memories into your most prized possessions. This is as true for children as it is for adults.
Finding ways to remember can help you. There is no right way or wrong way of remembering, nor is this a question of seeking perfection in whatever you have chosen to create. At its best, this process is a deeply personal expression of love for the special person in y
Want to see the rest of this article?
Would you like to see the rest of this article and all the other benefits that Issues Online can provide with? | https://www.issuesonline.co.uk/articles/remembering-6604 |
NASA revealed its preparations to fly another supply mission to the International Space Station (ISS).
The space agency provided information about the mission's launch date and time and how the public may monitor the launch from home.
NASA aims to provide a live webcast of the mission, similar to past launches, so that people may see it.
NASA to Launch Another SpaceX Cargo Mission to ISS
NASA said SpaceX would launch the next cargo mission to the International Space Station on August 28.
If weather or other factors will not delay the launch, the cargo launch will occur at 3:37 a.m. EST, which will be quite early for many viewers.
If you don't mind the time difference, you may watch the launch on NASA TV, which will begin broadcasting at 3:15 a.m. EST.
The broadcast is also available on NASA's media website, including a viewing guide with hours and dates for the programs.
Digital Trends said the cargo launch would occur at the Kennedy Space Center's Launch Complex 39A. The space agency will also deliver a range of items to the astronauts on the International Space Station.
Aside from supplies and extra equipment, the package will include a robotic arm, grape seed, skin metabolites, and other scientific research.
ALSO READ: Arianespace Vega Rocket Launches 1 Earth Observation Satellite, 4 Tiny Cubesats to Capture Daily Imaging from Space
Several Girl Scout experiments will be included in the cargo. Projects involving shrimp, ants, and plants are among them. The SpaceX Dragon will dock with the International Space Station on August 23 if the launch goes as planned.
NASA has also revealed that the cargo would feature a 3D Printing Simulation, allowing astronauts to 3D print materials.
According to NASA, the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft will stay docked with the space station for a month before returning to Earth.
Is NASA Disposing ISS For Good?
After the United Press International (UPI) reported that the space agency is attempting to figure out how to get rid of the ISS, flying another cargo to the station was made.
Nobody knows when the ancient orbiting outpost will be decommissioned. A NASA safety panel authorized a proposal in 2019 to have two Russian Progress spacecraft drag the ISS into the atmosphere.
It will instantly transform into a blazing ball of molten metal and other materials as it reaches the atmosphere.
The main difficulty is that Russia has stated that it would leave the International Space Station by 2024. Despite the safety panel's clearance, NASA and its partners must first agree to the plan.
NASA is still working with its partners to ensure that the station's deorbiting is carried out safely. According to Space.com, they are also exploring a variety of possibilities.
NASA spokesperson Leah Cheshier noted that the subject of the station's demise is still under consideration at this moment. This indicates that NASA has not yet decided how to end the ISS mission.
The station was launched in 1998 by NASA and Russia. The station is meant to last at least 30 years, but only seven years remaining until it shuts down.
RELATED ARTICLE: NASA's Next SpaceX Dragon Launch This Month With Science Experiments Cargo Involving Bone Tissues, Materials Test, and More
Check out more news and information on Space in Science Times. | https://www.sciencetimes.com/articles/32996/20210822/nasa-unveils-next-spacex-iss-cargo-mission-launch-how-to-watch-live.htm |
If you’ve ever plugged in one too many holiday lights, switched on a vacuum, or cranked up a space heater only to have the lights or appliance suddenly shut off, you’ve created an electrical circuit overload. The shutdown was triggered by the circuit’s breaker (or fuses) in your home’s service panel.
And while circuit breakers are reliable and do a good job preventing house fires due to overloads, the safest strategy is to manage your electricity usage to avoid overloads in the first place.
This article will tell you how to sort out the circuits in your electrical system and avoid overloads. You’ll avoid not only occasional blackouts but also avoid chronic overloading when you expand your system to include additional outlets, light fixtures, or holiday lights.
Contents
Understanding The Circuit
Every socket in your home is connected to the breaker box. There will be a limited number of sockets on each circuit, and the exact amount will depend on the rating of the breaker in the box; commonly, this will be 15, 20, or 30 amps.
The short version is that you can plug anything into each circuit, but as soon as the amps are drawn, go higher than the breaker, and it will trip. In effect, the circuit has been overloaded.
This is a safety feature. If the circuit is overloaded and the breaker doesn’t trip, the wires will get hot, and this can result in the plastic coating melting, leaving the system vulnerable to short circuits, electric shocks, and even starting a fire.
What Is an Electrical Circuit Overload?
Electrical circuits are designed to handle a limited amount of electricity. Circuits are made up of wiring, a breaker (or a fuse in old wiring systems), and devices (such as light fixtures, appliances, and anything plugged into an outlet).
The electricity usage of each device (when running) adds to the total LOAD on the circuit. Exceeding the rated load for the circuit wiring causes the circuit breaker to trip, shutting off the entire circuit’s power.
If there were no breaker in the circuit, an overload would cause the circuit wiring to overheat, melt the wire insulation and lead to a fire. Different circuits have different load ratings, so that some circuits can provide more electricity than others.
Home electrical systems are designed around typical household usage, but there’s nothing to prevent us from plugging in too many devices on the same circuit. However, the more you know about your home’s circuits’ layout, the more quickly you can prevent overloads.
Signs of Overloaded Circuits
The most obvious sign of an electrical circuit overload is a breaker tripping and shutting off all the power. Other signs can be less noticeable:
- Dimming lights, especially if lights dim when you turn on appliances or more lights.
- Buzzing outlets or switches.
- Outlet or switch covers that are warm to the touch.
- Burning odors from outlets or switches.
- Scorched plugs or outlets.
- Power tools, appliances, or electronics that seem to lack sufficient power.
Buzzing sounds, burning smells, and unusually warm devices also can indicate other wiring problems, such as loose connections or short circuits. If any of these problems persist after you’ve taken steps to prevent circuit overloads, contact an electrician.
Know your panel
The switches (circuit breakers) inside that gray metal box consist of two different types: dedicated and general-purpose circuits. The former have their work cut out for them: they power such “big draw” appliances as your furnace, gas range, and microwave or serve “big draw” rooms such as kitchens and laundry rooms.
General-purpose circuits can serve multiple rooms and hallways. These are often (but not always) the types of circuits that you can plug into for that extra power when everything goes dark or use to add an outlet.
Perfect your house map
But first, a floor plan awaits you. Ideally, one is already taped to your electrical panel so that you can easily trace which rooms—and which outlets—run to every circuit in the electrical panel.
At Experts In Your Home, we find that many home maps are good at identifying dedicated circuits but are not so good at labeling general-purpose circuits.
In this case, there is no “easy” way to bring order to your home’s electrical system. You’ll have to turn off the circuit breakers and move methodically through your home, testing every outlet by flipping switches on and off and plugging in devices.
There’s no doubt that the electrical repair will go faster (and you’ll have more fun) by working with a partner. While one person “mans” the panel, the other can assume the role of outlet tester.
Fixing The Overloaded Circuit Yourself
The first sign that you’ve overloaded a circuit is when the breaker trips and the power goes out. You’ll need to check the breaker box and find out which switch has turned off; do not turn it back on yet.
Once you know the circuit, you can unplug everything plugged in on that circuit and turn off any lights.
At that point, you should be able to turn the circuit back on.
The next step will be to start plugging things back off. You may find that one appliance causes the breaker to trip again. This could mean there is a fault with the appliance.
To check this, plug the appliance into a different circuit and see if it makes a different breaker trip. If it does, you have a problem with the appliance and not the circuit. You’ll need to have an electrician either repair it or you’ll need to replace it. Contact the Electrical Services for more information.
If you’ve managed to plug everything in without the breaker blowing again, then you have a potential overload. Don’t forget that just because everything is plugged in doesn’t mean it is all drawing power at the same time.
You can look at each appliance on the circuit and make a note of the amps it draws when in use. It should then be possible to add these figures up; if they total more than the breaker’s value, you can overload the circuit; when all the appliances are on.
Always apply for an electrical permit from your local building inspections department when you undertake an electrical project. The permit not only ensures that your work will be inspected for proper technique and safety but also that you’ve properly analyzed your home’s circuitry and are following a sound plan. | https://www.electricianmentor.com/how-to-fix-an-overloaded-circuit/ |
British composer Rebecca Saunders was this week awarded the €250,000 Ernst von Siemens Music prize, becoming the first female composer to win it in its 45-year history, and only the second woman overall after Anne-Sophie Mutter in 2008. This 2013 work was described in The Strad’s review of ...
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News
Cellist Uzi Wiesel has died aged 92
Student of Felix Salmond, Bernard Greenhouse and Pablo Casals who had long career as soloist, chamber musician and educator
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Focus
6 recording tips from Daniel Müller-Schott
The German cellist reveals some of the practical and artistic conditions he got right for his new album of Russian repertoire
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News
Johannes Goritzki obituary: cellist, conductor and committed educator
Colleague and long term friend Moray Welsh remembers a hugely influential teacher and mentor who has died aged 76
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News
Casals Foundation award given jointly for the first time
Two young cellists share €24,000 prize pot in competition held in El Vendrell, Catalonia, chaired by Marta Casals Istomin
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Video
Santiago Cañón Valencia plays Bach Chaconne cello transcription
Colombian cellist Santiago Cañón Valencia, who was recently presented with the 2018 János Starker Award here performs his own transcription of the Chaconne from Bach’s Partita no.2. This video was made at the Luis Angel Arango Hall in Bogotá on 13 August 2017.
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Nicolas Altstaedt plays Sarabande from first cello suite
German/French cellist Nicolas Altstaedt plays the Sarabande from Bach’s Cello Suite no.1 in G at the Bimhuis Amsterdam This is an excerpt from the 29 November 2015 edition of ‘Vrije Geluiden’ (Free Sounds), a programme on Dutch public broadcaster VPRO. More on: http://www.vpro.nl/vrije-geluiden
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Hungarian Dance no.5 arranged for cello & piano – Jean-Guihen Queyras, Alexandre Tharaud
Jean-Guihen Queyras and Alexandre Tharaud perform their own transcription of Brahms’ Hungarian Dance no.5, originally written for violin and piano. The duo has recorded the whole set of dances along with the composer’s two cello sonatas. The Strad review reads: ‘The players’ idiomatic arrangements of six of Brahms’s ...
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Review
Jean-Guihen Queyras, Alexandre Tharaud: Brahms Cello Sonatas
Brahms takes flight in these light-as-air interpretations
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Massed cellos play James Brown at New Directions Cello Festival
This video was made on 15 July at the final concert of the New Directions Cello Festival Köln 2018 at the WDR-Funkhaus Köln. The arrangemend of James Brown’s ‘I Feel Good’ is by festival co-director Gunther Tiedemann. The soloists are Rupert Gillett and Veit Steinmann
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News
Paulo Cello Competition enters second round
Quinquennial event taking place across three Finnish cities promotes nine young cellists for semi-finals
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Focus
10 tips for improving your scales
Guidance from The Strad 's archive on tuning, bow control, shifting, direction and pulse
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Blogs
Natalie Clein on Bloch's solo cello suites – and connecting with her Jewish roots
Ahead of her Wigmore Hall recital on Sunday, the British cellist recalls her first contact with Ernest Bloch’s music and its deeper significance to her
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Focus
Piecing together the history of the
'Mara' Stradivari cello
Its fate was almost to be consigned to the murky depths of an Uruguayan river but it continues to delight and inspire audiences of the present day. Alessandra Barabaschi delves into the dramatic life of the ‘Mara’ Strad
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Yo-Yo Ma: Why Bach is relevant in the 21st century
Yo-Yo Ma appears on The Andrew Marr Show, the BBC’s Sunday morning current events programme.
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News
Bonnie Hampton rejoins San Francisco Conservatory after 15-year break
The renowned cello pedagogue’s previous SFCM cello faculty tenure ran from 1973 to 2003 – and she first taught there in the early 1950s
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Abner Jairo Ortiz García: Bach Courante from Cello Suite no.4
Left-handed cellist Abner Jairo Ortiz García plays the Courante from Bach’s Cello Suite no.4 in E flat major. Biography courtesy of City Music Foundation: After winning First Prize at the 2014 National Cello Competition of Mexico and in April 2018, Jairo was chosen to be the second City ... | https://www.thestrad.com/cello/769.tag?page=5 |
Forty years on, rare behind-the-scenes footage from the Storm Boy shoot shows the team effort involved in making this magical film.
Shot during the production of Storm Boy, the documentary The Crew was produced by the Australian Film Television and Radio School (AFTRS). In the excerpts below we see interviews with members of the film crew about their roles and responsibilities on set.
Training the pelicans
Sandwich, Carpenter and Dum Dum - the three pelicans who played Mr Proud, Mr Ponder and Mr Percival in Storm Boy - were raised from chicks by a dolphin trainer, Gordon Noble. They couldn't hire a pelican trainer because there were none; pelicans had never been trained for a film before. The first pelicans they tried to train flew away, so they had to start over again. Noble lived with the pelicans for nine months in the lead-up to the shoot and taught them them tricks (such as catching a ball) which they repeated for fishy rewards. In the excerpt below we see Noble at work.
Excerpt from The Crew, 1976. Courtesy SAFC and AFTRS. NFSA title: 5140
Sets, props and make-up
Excerpt from The Crew, 1976. Courtesy SAFC and AFTRS. NFSA title: 5140
Production designer David Copping says of his role, 'Personally I accept responsibility for just about everything visual'. We see stand-by props person Ken James at work, and Jennifer Zadow talks about the wardrobe challenges on the film. Director of photography Geoff Burton explains the importance of make-up, even for a film like Storm Boy that requires a very natural look.
Most wardrobe ladies have the job of keeping clothes clean. I have the job of keeping them dirty and in a sufficient state of disrepair, complete with fish scales.
To see a clip showing Greg Rowe (who played Storm Boy) working with his dialogue coach, legendary stunt advisor Grant Page shooting pelican point-of-view flying sequences and behind-the-scenes of the shipwreck scene, visit the Storm Boy curated collection.
As well as the curated collection, we're celebrating 40 years of Storm Boy with an online exhibition. See more behind-the-scenes materials, interviews with Greg Rowe and David Gulpilil interviewed on The Mike Walsh Show, and listen to a 2016 interview we conducted with Greg from his home in Toronto. | https://www.nfsa.gov.au/latest/making-storm-boy |
My last blog looked at how to start researching the history of your own house; introducing some of the key sources and ways of uncovering the mysteries hidden in the story of a house. I began by looking at the local history; a warning about gaps in documents and sources; as well as using maps and census records. In this second part of ‘Becoming a House Detective’ I will guide you to other sources that will help you in researching the history of your own home.
Occupational records
Along with census records, there are some additional occupational records that record the people who were living in your house at different times in the past. For the late 19th and throughout the 20th centuries, Electoral Registers show the residents in the house who were eligible to vote. This can be a fantastic source for the 20th century when there are few other sources, however it is worth remembering that throughout history (and especially in the earlier years) not everyone was able to vote, so won’t be recorded. The other small challenge is that details of family relationships are not given, so you may find a long list of names and not be sure who were the parents, the children, or even the servants.
Further occupational records that are excellent for researching houses are Street and Trade Directories (like an early phone book). Early versions record the head of the house and their trade from that address, while later versions began to show the head of the house at every address. There are also Court directories or Court Guides, which offer fantastic information for London houses, recording occupants from the nobility and gentry who were in London for the social season.
Tax records
Parish and national tax records are very useful in tracing both the owner and occupant of a house. Rate books record those paying the local rates, like an early version of council tax. The dates and availability of records varies from area to area, but you can find some good information about those in the house, as well as gauge the value of the house (the rate paid was based on the value of the property). Land tax records are similar and are especially useful in rural areas.
Another key record is the 1910 Inland Revenue Valuation Survey, undertaken when the Prime Minister, David Lloyd George, introduced a new land tax. Records are held in the National Archives and show the individual property on a map, with an accompanying field book giving a description and value of the property, along with details of the owner and occupant.
Deeds, archives and documents
Documents specifically related to your house, including deeds and mortgage documents can be found in county record offices, but these can be rare. You may be fortunate to hold the original deeds, but in a lot of cases they no longer exist, having been discarded or lost over time. They can provide a full overview of the transfer of the property and details of former owners and occupiers. However, if you don’t have access to deeds, you may also be able to track details of the transfer of property through estate or manorial records, as well as wills, probate and legal disputes.
Other documents and archives that can also be very useful in researching the history of a house include old estate agent sales particulars, photographs and newspapers.
Researching the history of a house can be a fascinating adventure. There may be a few challenges and you have to turn detective to uncover the stories, but there is a wealth of information to find. Digging up stories of former occupants; architectural features that are unique to your home; or even uncovering a famous occupant or dramatic story attached to the history of your house. | https://www.countrylife.co.uk/articles/becoming-a-house-detective-part-two-20369 |
The hydrophobic membrane protein, subunit c, has been isolated from ATP synthase purified from bovine heart mitochondria. It has also been obtained from lysosomal storage bodies associated with ceroid lipofuscinosis from ovine liver and from human brain tissue of a victim of Batten disease. It is likely that the lysosomal protein has originated from the mitochondrion. These samples have been characterized by mass spectrometric methods. Irrespective of its source, subunit c has an intact molecular mass of 7650 Da, 42 Da greater than the value calculated from the amino acid sequence, and the protein has been modified post-translationally. In all three samples, the modification is associated with lysine 43, which lies in a polar loop region linking the two transmembrane alpha-helices of the protein. This residue is conserved throughout vertebrate sequences. The additional mass arises from trimethylation and not acetylation at the epsilon-N-position of the residue. These experiments show that the post-translational modification of subunit c is not, as has been suggested, an abnormal phenomenon associated with the etiology of Batten disease and ceroid lipofucinoses. Evidently, it occurs either before or during import of the protein into mitochondria or at a mitochondrial location after completion of the import process. The function of the trimethyllysine residue in the assembled ATP synthase complex is obscure. The residue and the modification are not conserved in all ATP synthases, and their role in the assembly and (or) functioning of the enzyme appear to be confined to higher organisms. | http://www.mrc-mbu.cam.ac.uk/publications/818/lysine-43-trimethylated-subunit-c-bovine-mitochondrial-atp-synthase-and-storage |
ONTARIO — McCain Foods USA Inc. has issued a voluntary recall of fire roasted, caramelized or sautéed frozen vegetable and fruit products produced at its facility in Colton, Calif., after the company identified a potential health risk.
“We have received no reports of illnesses associated with the consumption of these products to date, and this voluntary recall is being issued as a precautionary measure for the safety of consumers,” McCain Foods said. “We are working in cooperation with our customers and the appropriate regulatory authorities and will provide any appropriate updates.
“We take our commitment to food safety very seriously and work hard to maintain the highest quality standards in our manufacturing processes.”
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration on Oct. 19 issued a statement indicating it is investigating possible Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes contamination of several vegetable products from McCain Foods. According to the F.D.A., the contamination has led to the recall of a number of products, including salads and wraps that used McCain Foods’ vegetables as ingredients.
“No illnesses to date have been identified in connection with any of these foods, but consumers should not eat any of the products that have been recalled, as they could be contaminated with Salmonella and/or Listeria monocytogenes,” the F.D.A. said. “Many of the recalled products require cooking, which if properly done, would reduce the risk of illness from Salmonella or Listeria contamination. However, some of the products are ‘ready-to-eat’ and would not be cooked. In addition, many of the recalled products are expired. If you still have one or more of the recalled products in your home, throw them away or return them to the store you purchased them from. A list of recalled products can be found on the F.D.A. recalls page. Products were sold nationwide. Additional information will be posted as the list of recalls may expand and more information becomes available.”
Foods affected by the recall include Hy-Vee, Inc.’s meat and potato products, GH Foods Ca, L.L.C. chicken products, Mary’s Harvest Fresh Foods, Inc.’s wraps and salads, Taylor Farms Northwest L.L.C.’s, pork carnitas bowl products, GHSE, L.L.C.’s salads, and Prime Deli Corp.’s salads. | https://www.bakingbusiness.com/articles/47292-mccain-foods-corn-other-vegetables-linked-to-food-recall |
Artificial intelligence (AI) in HR remains a mystery to many of us. The application of AI technology in other scenarios is more straight-forward because the goal of AI is clear. For example, AI is used in autonomous vehicles, constantly learning and adjusting to navigate the road better. AI in HR is more complex because its data are very specific and every organization is unique, going through constant change.
HR AI is Tricky and Can’t Be Too Scientific
As a Data Scientist, I find HR to be one of the most challenging fields in AI for many reasons. One of the main reasons is that HR data is mostly composed of "natural language," which is prone to interpretation—a difficult task for computers because of localization, synonym and homonym issues.
On top of that, HR data is subjective: people describe themselves and their team members differently based on their own agenda and framework. The language used will differ from person to person, manager to manager. In contrast, data in the legal domain is also natural language, however meant to be clear and objective.
HR concepts themselves are quite blurry. Calling myself a "data scientist" is using a label which is far from giving a clear view of what I’m doing. Using skills to understand a person’s role is a far more precise way of getting accurate data, but even skills must be interpreted with care. For example, two people with "intercultural management" skills could have opposite views of what it means and what the resulting actions are.
In addition, applying science to human behaviors is hard. The human mind is infinitely more complex than any transport route optimization or hotel pricing strategy. We will never have enough data to really understand humans.
Let’s be clear, HR AI can’t be too scientific. A common saying in the AI community is that AI is usually beaten by a human expert. It's especially true in HR, automating entire HR processes is unrealistic.
However, It Can Lead to Ground-Breaking Features in Human Resource Information Systems
From my experience, AI in HR is not intended to make the decisions for the HR teams, as it is too complex. Instead, AI can bring an understanding to some HR concepts (skills, jobs, resumes, profiles, careers, departments, learning and development) and their relationships (skills on a CV and the level of mastery, skills by roles, links between learning and career paths, careers in certain departments).
This understanding will allow software to have an automatic level of understanding on every data point available across the whole company and:
- Improve the search/browsing to display appropriate content
- Add recommendation for the different HR use cases
- Better represent the data despite its complexity
The opportunity differs for each user, so let’s look into the details and find out how it could impact employees, HR and candidates:
Employees:
AI can help users to find the right objects (jobs, mentor, learning, career advice, development path). It can also allow users to express themselves in their own language (e.g. not to choose skills from closed nested lists). Thanks to this, employees will naturally update their data regularly and this data will open new many use cases, such as transversal teams composed based on skills.
HR teams:
Beyond having more autonomous employees, AI can optimize certain processes by accelerating access to the right data (finding who can do x in BU y, who are the best candidates for z?). It can also help to reduce the need for administration as there is less custom framework to maintain.
AI can improve analytics and open the door to the "real" Strategic Workforce Planning: What is the company current situation, what are our business needs, what trainings are useful or not, what action should I take to reduce my skill gap? It also opens the door to advanced analytics in order to respond with data to the company's strategic issues (transformation, new acquisition, downsizing, etc).
Candidates:
Thanks to AI, candidates will give more information to the company in less time, for example what they can and want to do. But it is also true in the other direction; candidates will know what is missing from their skillset to get the job they want. Also it can surface other opportunities: For example, with your profile, you would be among the 10% of the best candidates for our job x, would you be interested? We could also imagine giving a candidate more visibility on a future career in a company, based on examples of similar profiles in the past (and why not have a chat with such employees)?
These are just some of the examples that I have had the chance to work on. Most of the future possibilities of AI are still to be defined. Overall, the HR challenge in the field of AI masks amazing potential. Contrary to traditional sectors where many scientific approaches are already present and quite usual (for example, nobody expected data science to apply statistics to hotel prices), HR is discovering the potential of their data and the use cases that can be made of it. This is a real leap forward for HR, and we can expect the HRIS to be completely redesigned in the near future.
As part of our commitment to innovation we are working very hard from the Paris-based Innovation Lab to make AI more and more relevant to our clients. We have created an eBook you can download here about "Realising the True Potential of AI in HR."
Hungry for more AI blogs? Read my opinion about how AI will humanize the workplace and not replace it.
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Cornerstone 스킬 그래프 기술 데이터시트
Cornerstone 스킬 그래프는 스킬을 중심으로 인재 전략을 구성하는 가장 좋은 방법입니다. 어떤 Cornerstone 제품을 사용하던 관계없이, 지능형 온톨로지에 접근할 수 있습니다. 지능형 온톨로지는 2억 5천만 가지 역할 전반에 걸쳐 53,000 가지가 넘는 스킬로 구성되어 있으며 모든 직원 프로필이 담겨 있습니다. 이 데이터시트를 다운로드하여 언어 지원 및 윤리적 AI부터 구현 프로세스 및 보안에 이르기까지 Cornerstone 스킬 그래프에 대한 모든 주요 기술 세부사항을 확인하십시오.
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Artificial Intelligence Will Humanize Work, Not Replace It
This piece was originally published on the Cornerstone Blog. Today we are inundated with articles, interviews and Tweets about artificial intelligence (AI) from people who aren’t aware of the technological reality. They simply shamelessly tap into an imaginary world of competition and submission in order to generate more and more emotion and clicks. As an AI expert, I wish to shed some light on what is involved in the development of these new tools, which may turn out to be more human than one might think. Because the reality is: what we call artificial intelligence is just a succession of specialised tools, each one dedicated to the optimisation of a single repetitive task. A classic example is medical imaging, where an algorithm will analyse hundreds of images for a specific cancer in order to propose a diagnosis to the doctor. AI is nothing more than what we decide to make it. A human technology that has the potential to relieve employees of daunting tasks... Above all, AI makes it possible to automate often repetitive, sometimes thankless, actions that were previously carried out by employees. We must put an end to the preconceived idea that we would put the majority of human activity in a company into the hands of machines. AI must be approached as a technological opportunity that frees up employees’ time and helps them to make decisions. ...and to bring value to employees and the company Employees will therefore be able to concentrate on other, more "human" tasks, where they will have more added value. On the one hand, they will be able to focus on their creativity, innovation and analysis; on the other hand, they will be able to devote themselves to human relationships and communication, whether internal or external. For example, a nurse will be able to spend more time with her patients. In this way, AI gives back meaning to work, an essential demand from younger generations. A phenomenon that will increase with the maturity of the technology Opaque in its operation, AI is a tool that requires interaction in certain aspects similar to that between humans. The solutions known to the general public are still far off from maturity. Indeed, the main goal of GAFA (Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon) is to keep users captive by not providing them with steering tools or justification. However, it is necessary to ensure that humans and AI understand each other on both the questions and the answers! Collaboration with humans is a crucial issue for enterprise solutions, the progress of which will positively affect the reality of work. Let’s not be naïve, job losses caused by AI will occur. But the reality will be far from the predictions of some think tanks or theorists announcing the elimination of 30% to 90% of current jobs. Humans are far from having lost their place in business. With the development of AI solutions at work, employees will turn to more rewarding activities and goals for more fulfilling careers. To learn more about why an employee-centric approach to advancing AI in the workplace matters, download our whitepaper: Realizing the True Potential of AI in HR.
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Level up your workforce with technology training
Digital technology is evolving faster than ever before, and your workforce needs critical training in everything from data security, data analytics, programming/coding, cloud computing, just to mention a few, to help drive business goals. With a Content Anytime: Technology subscription, your employees can upskill and stay current with relevant IT and technical training content so your business can thrive. | https://www.cornerstoneondemand.com/kr/resources/article/close-your-eyes-and-dream-big-what-ai-can-bring-hr/ |
1958, in the coastal town of Bulli, Donald is an artist who is heavily influenced by the juxtaposition of his hometown’s heavy industry and environmentally sensitive beaches. Donald’s paintings are figurative works, in a contemporary impressionist style.
He paints using vibrant colours that are quintessentially Australian, employing quite visible brush strokes to enhance texture, which give his paintings a tactile quality. His works generally feature people enjoying their leisure time surrounded by a mix of man-made structures, and the natural beauty of the Australian landscape. | https://audreyfineart.com.au/zugan_portfolio/donald-keys/ |
Welcome to the School of Health Professions and Natural Sciences
We are a dynamic student-centered learning community dedicated to helping you achieve your educational goals. The School provides unique learning environments for traditional and non-traditional students in the areas of biological, chemical and environmental sciences; health professions including nursing, radiography, respiratory therapy and occupational therapy assistant; exercise science and personal trainer; landscape and horticultural technology; teacher education specializations and public health. These innovative degree programs incorporate traditional face-to-face teaching methods, hybrid instruction (both in class and online), as well as online distance learning technology.
Our programs are challenging and structured to recognize the needs of all the students. Our departments emphasize independent student learning and the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Faculty maintain the highest standards of teaching whether in the classroom, laboratory or clinical setting and will share with you the enthusiasm they have for their disciplines. Our programs will prepare you for a variety of professional opportunities in each of the disciplines, as well as serve as transfer programs for careers that require additional scientific and healthcare backgrounds.
Teaching laboratories will provide you with hands-on experiences using state-of-the art computer technology, software, specialized equipment and simulation. You will gain experience using the equipment and software encountered in health care and industry. Our Landscape and Horticultural Technology Building emphasizes our commitment to conserving our natural resources through sustainable landscape design and management.
Please take some time to explore our site and learn more about the School of Health and Natural Sciences and its limitless opportunities for you! | https://www.ccm.edu/academics/divdep/health-professions-natural-sciences/ |
In Oklahoma, a contract is different from a normal agreement in that the parties to a contract intend their agreement to have legal effect. Contracts might be oral or written, as long as both parties have the same understanding of the terms of the agreement. Most businesses want to solidify their agreements in writing so that they can rely on them in the future. Since many legal principles might be involved, drafting a contract works best when done with as much knowledge of the law as possible.
Negotiating a Contract in Lawton
Negotiation of each particular term in a contract is important to ensure that the intent of each party is met. Also, there are certain clauses that should be included in every Lawton contract to give it the desired legal effect. Stating intentions clearly in the early stages of negotiations can lead to a contract that includes clearer terms. To conclude, the contracts that are easiest to enforce have clauses that decide how to handle disputes.
Using a Form Contract
It may save you time to use a form contract instead of drafting your own. Even so, you may want an attorney in Lawton, Oklahoma to add or remove terms, or to simply make the contract language more clear. There are risks in using form contracts without the guidance of an attorney. First, parties are less likely to read form contracts completely, which may lead to one side being unaware of their duties under the contract. Second, the challenging language used in the field of contracts can make agreements written by others hard to understand. Lawyers can help ensure that a written contract matches the intent of the parties, whether negotiating a contract or using a form. Oklahoma contract law is a field in which many Lawton Lawyers have specialized. | https://businessattorneys.legalmatch.com/OK/Lawton/contract-drafting.html |
“Too much money chasing too few goods” – a basic, monetarist definition of inflation.
In the long run, inflation is generally believed to be a monetary phenomenon, i.e. it is attributed to growth in the supply of money. While in the short and medium term it is influenced by the relative elasticity of wages, prices and interest rates. The question of whether the short-term effects last long enough to be important is the central topic of debate between the Monetarist and Keynesian schools.
In a speech to the Institute of Economic Affairs on the 27th February 2008, BoE deputy governor Rachel Lomax said the outlook for the UK economy in 2008 and beyond had “changed dramatically”.
The Bank of England (BoE) warned inflation was set to “rise sharply” in the near term and there is nothing the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) can do about it.
Lomax believes cost pressures have not yet fed through fully to consumer prices, with higher utility bills at the forefront.
While the BoE foresaw some form of correction in financial markets, Lomax said the extent of the recent reverberations was not fully appreciated. “There have been financial and banking crises before, but not on the present global scale, and this must surely be the largest ever peacetime liquidity crisis,” she said. “There may be more shocks to come. The focus of current concerns is how far other assets may be impaired, as a result of the broader economic impact of this period of financial stress”.
All Investors are susceptible to unanticipated inflation, which may result from what economists call “externalities” or shocks to the financial system such as short-term wars (Gulf Oil War of 1990-1991), inclement weather (periodic droughts, floods and frosts), and currency devaluations (Asia in 1997 and Russia in 1998).
Through much to the 1990’s, developed economies appeared to have moved into what was described in the USA as a “Goldilocks” state, i.e. the economy was not too hot and not too cold. It seemed as if the authorities had somehow managed to remove both “boom and bust” from the economic cycle and maintained a low and stable level of inflation.
In these conditions, investment in financial instruments made perfect sense. Generally falling interest rates from the peak reached in the early 1990s, meant that Bonds represented a sound investment for much of the 1990s. Equally, many years of uninterrupted growth in the developed economies resulted in generally consistent Stock market returns at around a 20%pa return.
At the same time, the returns from raw materials and commodities were not in the same league as either stocks or bonds. Indeed, it is possible, if not probable, that the declining prices of raw materials in real-terms may have benefited the bond market and supported stock market valuations in the last decade.
However, it should be clear that current market conditions are extremely unstable with the fallout from the global credit crunch yet to fully work through the system. Our central view is that there is a high degree of “pent up” inflation within the global financial system, which has been masked by falling manufactured product costs coming out of China.
The case for commodity investment
An investment of this kind is designed to complement a typical portfolio’s asset mix to help reduce overall risk of that fund without giving up the return that similar risk reduction strategies (such as allocating from equities to bonds) would do. We believe adding commodity exposure to a portfolio’s strategic asset allocation can provide significant diversification benefits due to their negative correlation with equity and bond returns. However, as with any asset class, we believe that an investor should never invest too heavily in any one asset class.
Commodities provide diversification
The threat of inflation is a great concern to investors. Most traditional asset classes, such as equities and bonds are a poor hedge against inflation, i.e. they underperform during periods of high and rising inflation. This is typical late in the economic cycle. By contrast there is considerable evidence to show that Commodities perform at their best in such periods, i.e. that commodity prices are positively correlated with inflation. Hence an allocation to Commodities can provide a portfolio with downside protection during periods when equities are at their weakest.
In very simple terms, an economy such as Ireland that is an importer of raw materials and energy will tend to “import” inflation as a result of rising commodity prices. One way in which an investor can “hedge” the inflation risk, is therefore to directly invest into the underlying commodities.
The evidence for this can be clearly seen in the graph below:
This shows the performance of equities (as represented by the S&P500 index of US shares), US Government Bonds and commodities (as represented by the S&P GSCI), during four different economic scenarios:
1) periods of low but rising inflation,
2) high and rising inflation,
3) high and falling inflation,
4) low and falling inflation.
This clearly illustrates that, in periods of rising inflation, Commodities are the best performing asset class, and furthermore that when equities are performing at their worst, producing negative returns, commodity futures perform at their best.
Risk reduction without return reduction
Historical analysis of commodity futures returns shows they have generated a total return very close to that of equities. Research by the Yale International Centre For Finance* focusing on the period from December 1959 to March 2004 showed that the return on an equally weighted basket of commodity futures was similar to the return on equities and in excess that on bonds, returning just over 5% p.a. in real terms. As with equities, the bulk of the return from investing in Commodities coming from a risk premium.
However, subsequently, academics have challenged their paper, claiming that their entire 5% risk premium has been generated from an annual rebalancing between commodity futures and that therefore there was no intrinsic value in the actual investments. The added value from a regular rebalancing of a portfolio is well understood in investment theory but it would seem unlikely that all of the return could be attributed to this.
We feel, as in all investment matters, that investors should aim to balance these issues. We anticipate that given the continued Industrialisation and urbanisation being seen in China, India and other “emerging” economies, that demand for some commodities should continue to be well supported, and this would be the case irrespective of a slowdown in the US.
Equally, we feel that reasonably strong argument can be made for supply inelasticity of some commodities. For example. the theory of “peak oil” suggests that humanity has already used half of the reserves of oil. Much of this is based on speculation and nobody really knows how much oil is really left. However, the fact remains that when a finite commodity is consumed, then one day it will run out.
We don’t know if commodity returns will continue to match those on equities over the long term. However, even if returns were half of the historical rate, we believe that an allocation to the asset class is still of benefit to a portfolio. This is because the real added value from Commodities comes from their negative correlation to other asset classes, i.e. they react completely differently to equities and bonds in certain macroeconomic circumstances.
*Yale International Centre for Finance “Facts and Fantasies about Commodity Futures” by Gorton & Rouwenhorst (2005)
Weighted Commodity Index
In order to formulate a commodity investment strategy, we need to consider a suitable benchmark index.
We have selected the RICI® as it is designed to offer stability, partly because it is broadly based and consistent in composition, and to meet a need in the financial spectrum currently not effectively covered.
Source: www.rogersrawmaterials.com
This index clearly shows the considerable difference between Commodity investment and major US markets since 1998:
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8/1/98 – 12/31/07
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2008 YTD
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Rogers Index (RICIX)
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342.20%
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12.3934%
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S&P 500 Total Return (SPX):
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52.47%
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-6.47%
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NASDAQ Composite (CCMP)
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41.65%
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-5.13%
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Dow Jones Industrials (INDU) w/dividends
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49.36%
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-12.11%
*Source: Bloomberg/Euronext
Have I missed the boat?
Research by Seamans Capital Management shows that Commodity prices, measured in inflation adjusted terms, reached levels equivalent to their 1930’s lows in mid-1999.
Thus although commodity prices have risen sharply in recent months, we believe that they still remain undervalued in real terms as the following graph shows:
Note that commodities have had five mega upmoves in the last 200 years and the sixth one is now underway. On a big picture basis, you can see that the current commodity rise is still young compared to previous upmoves and the upside potential is wide open. Each commodity upmove has also coincided with a war, as is the case today.
Also previous moves took place under the Gold Standard and not with money supply growth of 15 to 20% per annum being seen in western economies today. Also, there was no Chinese or Asian Industrial Revolution in previous commodity upcycles.
Conclusion
We share the concerns being raised by the Bank of England and echo the warning offered by the Financial Services Authority (FSA) in 2007 regarding the faith investors and their advisers had in the benefits of asset diversification. In the FSA´s Financial Risk Outlook 2007 the regulator said ´Instruments that have been traditionally used to balance portfolios due to their low or negative correlation may no longer necessarily fulfill this role as effectively, because they now appear to be moving together.´
It is time to reappraise investment portfolios and to consider including selected commodity and precious metals investments. We believe that Investors should prepare themselves for a period of sustained volatility in financial assets combined with a high risk of inflation and that diversification into commodity investments should provide some protection.
INVESTMENT WARNING
The information available through this Website is for your general information and use and is not intended to address your particular requirements. We do not, nor are we authorised to, offer advice on specific investments in the UK.
In particular, the information does not constitute any form of advice or recommendation by Gold Investments and is not intended to be relied upon by users in making (or refraining from making) any investment decisions. Appropriate independent advice should be obtained before making any such decision.
For your information we would also like to draw your attention to the following general investment warnings. The price of shares and investments, and the income derived from them, can go down as well as up. Investors may not get back the amount they invested. Past performance should not be regarded as indicative of future performance. | https://news.goldcore.com/inflation-and-commodity-investment/ |
A behind-the-scenes overview of the computational/algorithmic principles that form the basis of today's digital society. Exploration areas include social media, web search, videogames and location-based services.
Note: This is a GE-F Quantitative Reasoning course for NON-MAJORS. No credit will be awarded to CSCI, CECS, CSGM, or CSBA majors.
Note: CSCI 102 is no longer accepting any additional D clearance requests.
Note: CSCI 103 is no longer accepting any additional D clearance requests.
Note: CSCI 109 is no longer accepting any additional D clearance requests.
Note: This course is only open to undergraduate students. No exceptions.
Rounding errors in digital computation; solution of linear algebraic systems; Newton's method for nonlinear systems; matrix eigenvalues; polynomial approximation; numerical integration; numerical solution of ordinary differential equations.
Crosslist: This course is offered by the MATH department but may qualify for major credit in CSCI. To register, enroll in MATH 458.
Introduction to modern Cryptography; Mathematical/algorithmic studies of methods for protecting information in computer and communication systems: Public-Key Cryptosystems, zero-knowledge proofs, data privacy. Prerequisites: CSCI 270.
a: Design, iterative prototyping, and development of a 1st playable level. Open only to seniors.
Crosslist: This course is offered by the MATH department but may qualify for major credit in CSCI. To register, enroll in MATH 505a.
Conditions for optimality; nonlinear programming algorithms for constrained and unconstrained problems. Special problems such as quadratic, separable, fractional, geometric programming.
Crosslist: This course is offered by the ISE department but may qualify for major credit in CSCI. To register, enroll in ISE 520.
Design and implementation of networked games, from the origins of the supporting technologies in distributed systems, visual simulations, networked virtual environments, and shipped games. Recommended preparation: CSCI 420 or CSCI 580 or an equivalent course in graphics.
Protecting computer networks and systems using cryptography, authentication, authorization, intrusion detection and response. Includes lab to provide practical experience working with such systems.
Overview of the theory of human emotion, techniques for recognizing and synthesizing emotional behavior, and design application.
Note: This course is offered through the Informatics Program and is NOT considered as CSCI credit for M.S. Computer Science students.
Selected topics on highly available, elastic data stores. Topics include non-relational data models, simple interfaces and query languages, weak consistency and benchmarking techniques. Prerequisite: CSCI 485 or CSCI 585.
Crosslist: This course is offered by the INF department but may qualify for major credit in CSCI. To register, enroll in INF 554.
Note: Register for lecture and discussion.
Discussion of advances in computational social sciences, including automated text and network analysis. Recommended preparation: PSYC-625.
Crosslist: This course is offered by the PSYC department but may qualify for major credit in CSCI. To register, enroll in PSYC 626.
Crosslist: This course is offered by the EE department but may qualify for major credit in CSCI. To register, enroll in EE 658.
Algorithms for analyzing network data and spreading information over networks. Focuses on broadly applicable mathematical tools and techniques, including spectral techniques, approximation algorithms and randomization.
Fundamental issues in computer vision: theory, algorithms and applications. Image formation, image segmentation, inference and measurement of 3-D, motion analysis, object and activity recognition. | https://classes.usc.edu/term-20173/classes/csci/ |
“We’ve been putting off making a decision on it as long as possible but we just felt that the work, preparation and commitment that goes from businesses in the community and the committee into making the event happen, we had to make a decision pretty fast,” he said.
“One of the things that a lot of people and businesses were saying that they were just trying to survive and keep going, let alone to make commitments that far ahead as well given the uncertainty and the unknown about what rules and regulations would be in place.
“There was no real confidence from anyone around the table thinking that the restrictions that have been placed upon us, rightly or wrongly, were going to be lifted completely by that time.”
Set for December 6, the parade draws thousands from across the Goldfields to see the spectacle of giant mining machines trundling down Hannan Street.
With community floats also taking part in the parade, the festival last year celebrated its 20th successive year.
Mr Fleeton, who took over from former chairman Jim Coxon last year, said the world was in an “unusual place at the moment” and he did not feel the decision was premature.
“If this was our normal year of planning it, we would be well under way working with sponsors and equipment participants and community groups,” he said.
“Looking at where we were and the time line we need to follow, we felt we couldn’t ask people to commit the money and their equipment and their time and then have to pull out last-minute as well.
“It costs a lot of money to put it on, and if we had to cancel it we would be in an even worse position than what we would do if we just chose to postpone it.”
He said it weighed on his mind that some events could be very hard to revive after being cancelled.
“I think that’s going to be a challenge for a lot of the community events and groups that exist in the Goldfields to make sure that hopefully next year we can revive them and get them back and make them bigger and better and stronger,” he said.
“I am confident we will bounce back — we all walked away from our meeting last week talking about ‘how do we plan for 2021 and how do we bring it back bigger and better and make sure that it does continue on and survive?’.”
Mr Fleeton said he was also confident the annual St Barbara’s Miners Memorial would still go ahead.
“Whilst it is a sombre occasion, we felt it was very important to hold that event just to reflect on the fatalities that have occurred in the industry and also make sure that safety is at the forefront of everyone’s minds still,” he said.
“That event and the size of it we could manage with what the current restrictions are in place.
“If we did have to cancel it or do it in a somewhat different manner, that was a size of event we were able to handle.” | |
The invention relates to a single-evaporator three-temperature-zone air duct system for an American refrigerator. The single-evaporator three-temperature-zone air duct system comprises a freezing chamber, a refrigerating chamber and a variable temperature chamber. An evaporator is arranged on the rear side of the freezing chamber. A fan is arranged above the evaporator. A freezing air outlet ductconnected with the freezing chamber, a refrigerating air outlet duct connected with the refrigerating chamber and a variable temperature air outlet duct connected with the variable temperature chamberare arranged on the air outlet side of the fan correspondingly. A freezing air door is mounted on the freezing air outlet duct. A refrigerating air door is mounted on the refrigerating air outlet duct. A variable temperature air door is mounted on the variable temperature air outlet duct. Through the single-evaporator three-temperature-zone air duct system, an air duct is divided into the three independent air duct systems. Different combinations can be selected according to temperature settings of the variable temperature chamber so as to meet the requirement for width adjustment of the variable temperature chamber. The running rate of a refrigerating system can be reduced. The purpose of reducing energy efficiency can be achieved. | |
TECHNICAL FIELD
BACKGROUND
SUMMARY
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS
The present disclosure relates generally to systems and methods for designing and executing control loops and more particularly to systems and methods for designing and executing control loops in a cloud environment using a control loop automation management platform.
In a cloud environment, control loop automation can be categorized into open loop or closed loop systems. Open loop systems capture telemetry and diagnostics information from the underlying cloud infrastructure (e.g. syslog, SNMP, fault and performance management events), perform a set of analytics and provide reporting or alarms to the operations team. Closed loop systems continuously monitor the system for fault, performance, security, etc. related problems and compute a set of signatures based on the detected anomalous condition. These signatures are then interpreted and appropriate corrective actions are recommended to repair the system. Once the system has been repaired, a monitoring application checks the status to see if the system responded to alleviate the detected problem.
Control loop systems play a vital role in processes implemented in a cloud based environment. For example, closed and open loops have been implemented to support fault management for limited virtual network functions such as a wide-area virtual network management framework which acts as an infrastructure provider to manage the physical resources and service provider to build and manage virtual networks on the physical resources.
Control loops in cloud based environments have been developed as independent applications. However, traditional monolithic architectures for control loop are not flexible enough to meet the demands of the operators of the future. For example, control loops are traditionally written with most of the critical logic embedded in one software module.
There is a need to develop a platform that will enable faster development of scalable control loop systems.
The needs existing in the field are addressed by the present disclosure, which relates to systems, methods and computer useable media for designing and executing control loops in a cloud environment though a control loop automation management platform.
In one embodiment, a method for designing and executing a control loop for a system in a cloud environment includes accessing a web based portal in a platform implemented in the cloud environment, where the web based portal enables a set of control functions. This aspect also includes accessing a business process management application through the web based portal and developing a control loop template for the control loop using the business process management application. The method also includes configuring the control loop template using the business process management application; activating the control loop template to provide an activated control loop; and monitoring the activated control loop. Other embodiments of this method include creating a business process modeling notation model for the control loop. Yet another embodiment includes creating a control loop flowchart using the business process management application. Another embodiment includes configuring the control loop template by adding microservices to the control loop template, determining a metric to serve as an input to the micro service, and associating a policy to the micro service. Another embodiment includes the reporting of the status of the control loops with data collection, analytics and events API in the platform. In yet another embodiment the monitoring step comprises reporting is status of the control loop to a dashboard in the web-based portal.
One general aspect includes a system for designing and executing a control loop including a control platform implemented in a cloud environment. The control platform includes a data collection, analytics and events module; a policy module; and an application controller module. The system also includes a business process management application coupled to the control platform. The business process management application includes a control loop designer module for designing a control loop template; and a workflow engine for distributing the control loop template. The business process management application is coupled to the data collection, analytics and events module, the policy module and the application controller module of the control platform. The data collection, analytics and events module, the policy module and the application controller module of the control platform are used to activate the control loop template. In another embodiment the system further comprises a reporting dashboard for reporting a status of the control loop. In yet another embodiment the system comprises a web-based portal that enables access to the business process management application. In another embodiment the system includes a control design module for creating a business process model and notation model of the control loop. In yet another embodiment the system includes a business process management application including a workflow engine for distributing the business process modeling notation model. In another embodiment the system includes a set of data collection analytics and events module APIs, policy APIs and application control APIs. In another embodiment the system includes a reporting dashboard that reports the status of the control loop responsive to a query of the data collection analytics and events module on the control platform.
Another general aspect includes a computer-readable storage medium having a tangible physical structure, the computer-readable storage medium including executable instructions that when executed by a processor cause the processor to effectuate accessing a web based portal in a platform implemented in the cloud environment, wherein the web based portal enables a set of control functions. The executable instructions also effectuate accessing a business process management application through the web based portal and developing a control loop template for the control loop using the business process management application. The executable instructions also effectuate configuring the control loop template using the business process management application; activating the control loop template to provide an activated control loop; and monitoring the activated control loop. In another embodiment the computer readable medium includes instructions for accessing a control loop designer module to create a business process model and notation model for the control loop. In another embodiment the computer readable medium includes instructions for activating the control loop template by executing an executable data model in the platform. In yet another embodiment the computer readable medium provides instructions for reporting the status of the activated control loop through platform data collection analytics and events API. In yet another embodiment the computer readable medium includes instructions for reporting a status of the control loop to a dashboard in the platform.
FIG. 1
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Illustrated in is a schematic of the architecture of an enhanced control, orchestration, management and policy platform, (ECOMP platform ) that is implemented in a cloud environment. The ECOMP platform includes a design time framework component and a runtime execution framework . The cloud environment provides a number of capabilities including real-time instantiation of virtual machines (VMs) on commercial hardware where appropriate; dynamic assignment of application and workloads to VMs; dynamic movement of applications and dependent functions to different VMs on servers within and across data centers in different geographies (within the limits of physical access tiedowns constraints); and dynamic control of resources made available to applications (CPU, memory, storage). With the use of network function virtualization, network appliances have been transformed into software applications. In the integrated cloud environment the dynamic cloud capabilities are applied to applications—i.e., virtual network functions (VNFs)—thus applying the benefits of the cloud environment to virtual network elements. For example, VNFs, such as routers, switches, firewalls, can be “spun up” on commodity hardware, moved from one data center to another center dynamically (within the limits of physical access tie-down constraints) and resources such as CPU, memory and storage can be dynamically controlled.
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The ECOMP platform enables the rapid on-boarding of new services and the reduction of operating expenses and capital expenses through its metadata-driven service design and creation platform and its real-time operational management framework—a framework that provides real-time, policy driven automation of management functions. The metadata-driven service design and creation capabilities enable services to be defined with minimal information technology development required thus contributing to reductions in capital expenses. Real-time operational management framework provide significant automation of network management functions enabling the detection and correction of problems in an automated fashion contributing to reductions in operating expenses.
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The ECOMP platform enables product/service independent capabilities for design, creation and lifecycle management. The design time framework component is an integrated development environment with tools, techniques, and repositories for defining/describing network assets. The design time framework component facilitates re-use models thus improving efficiency as more models are available for reuse. Assets include models of the cloud environment resources, services and products. The models include various process specifications and policies (e.g., rule sets) for controlling behavior and process execution. Process specifications are used by the ECOMP platform to automatically sequence the instantiation, delivery and lifecycle management aspects of the integrated cloud environment based resources, services, products and the components of the ECOMP platform . The design time framework component supports the development of new capabilities, augmentation of existing capabilities and operational improvements throughout the lifecycle of a service. Service design and creation (SDC), policy, and data collection, analytics and events (DCAE) software development kits (SDKs) allow operations/security, 3rd parties (e.g., vendors), and other experts to continually define/refine new collection, analytics, and policies (including recipes for corrective/remedial action) using a design framework portal. Certain process specifications (aka ‘recipes’) and policies are geographically distributed to many points of use to optimize performance and maximize autonomous behavior in integrated cloud environment's federated cloud environment.
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The runtime execution framework executes the rules and policies distributed by a design and creation environment. This allows for the distribution of policy enforcement and templates among various ECOMP modules (described below). These components advantageously use common services that support logging, access control, and data management.
FIG. 2
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Illustrated in are the components of an embodiment of the ECOMP platform . The ECOMP platform is provided with three environments. These are the design creation environment , the execution environment , and the managed environment shown as shaded areas in .
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The ECOMP platform includes an ECOMP Portal that provides design functions and operations functions . The design functions include a service design and creation component and policy creation component . The operations functions include analytic application design component and a dashboard . The service design and creation component , the policy creation component and analytic application design component are all part of the design creation environment . The dashboard is part of the execution environment .
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In addition to the dashboard the execution environment includes: an external data movement and application program interface component, (API component ); an active and available inventory module, (A&AI module ); a master service orchestrator, (MSO ); a data collection, analytics and events component, (DCAE module ); controllers ; a common services component ; and a recipe/engineering rules and policy distribution component .
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The managed environment comprises resources, either hardware or software, that may be categorized as: infrastructure resources—(the Cloud resources, e.g., Storage , Compute ); networking resources (network connectivity functions & elements); and VNF/application resources (the features and capabilities of a software application).
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Interacting with the execution environment may be an operations, administration and management controller, (OA&M Controller ); and a number of external applications that may include e-services , business support system and operational support systems, (BSS/OSS application ), and big data services among others.
FIG. 3
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Illustrated in are the subcomponents of the service design and creation component . The service design and creation component is an integrated development environment with tools, techniques and repositories to define/simulate/certify cloud environment assets as well as their associated processes and policies. The service design and creation component may include a design studio subcomponent ; a resource onboarding subcomponent ; a certification studio subcomponent ; a catalog subcomponent . Catalog subcomponent may include information about groups such as products , services , resources and processes .
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The policy creation component deals with policies, which are conditions and requirements, constraints, attributes, or needs that must be provided, maintained, and/or enforced. At a lower level the policy creation component involves machine-readable rules enabling actions to be taken based on triggers or requests. Policies often consider specific conditions in effect (both in terms of triggering specific policies when conditions are met, and in selecting specific outcomes of the evaluated policies appropriate to the conditions). Policies allow rapid updates through easily updating rules, thus updating technical behavior of components in which those policies are used, without requiring rewrites of their software code. Policies permit simpler management/control of complex mechanisms via abstraction. The policy creation component may include a policy editor ; policy rules subcomponent ; conflict identification subcomponent ; policy storage subcomponent . The policy storage subcomponent may include a library and templates .
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The policy creation component has a broad scope supporting infrastructure, product/services, operation automation, and security-related policy rules. These policy rules are defined by multiple stakeholders, (Network/Service Designers, Operations, Security, customers, etc.). In addition, input from various sources (service design and creation component , policy editor , customer input, etc.) are collected and rationalized. Therefore, a centralized policy creation environment will be used to validate policies rules, identify and resolve overlaps and conflicts, and derive policies where needed. The policy creation component is accessible, developed and managed as a common asset, and provides editing tools to allow users to easily create or change policy rules. Offline analysis of performance/fault/closed-loop action data are used to identify opportunities to discover new signatures and refine existing signatures and closed loop operations. Policy translation/derivation functionality is also included to derive lower level policies from higher level policies. Conflict detection and mitigation are used to detect and resolve policies that may potentially cause conflicts, prior to distribution. Once validated and free of conflicts, policies are placed in an appropriate repository.
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After completing initial policy creation or modification to existing policies, the policy distribution component sends policies (e.g., from the repository) to their points of use, in advance of when they are needed. This distribution is intelligent and precise, such that each distributed policy-enabled function automatically receives only the specific policies which match its needs and scope.
Notifications or events can be used to communicate links/URLs for policies to components needing policies, so that components can utilize those links to fetch particular policies or groups of policies as needed. Components in some cases may also publish events indicating they need new policies, eliciting a response with updated links/URLs. Also, in some cases policies can be given to components indicating they should subscribe to one or more policies, so that they receive updates to those policies automatically as they become available.
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The analytic application design component includes an analytics software development kit (SDK ), and storage for key performance indicators (KPIs), alarms, operators, etc., as well as storage for analytic application .
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As shown in , the dashboard includes a manual action subcomponent , a reporting subcomponent and a topology visualization subcomponent . The dashboard provides access to design, analytics and operational control/administration functions.
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The A&AI module is the component that provides real-time views of the resources, services, products and their relationships. The views provided by the A&AI module relate data managed by multiple ECOMP platforms , business support systems and operation support systems, (BSS/OSS application ), and network applications to form a “top to bottom” view ranging from the products customers buy to the resources that form the raw material for creating the products. A&AI module not only forms a registry of products, services, and resources, it also maintains up-to-date views of the relationships between these inventory items. Active and available inventory submodule will manage these multi-dimensional relationships in real-time. The A&AI module is provided with an inventory management submodule , an entitlements submodule and a resource/service topology submodule .
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The inventory management submodule maintains real-time inventory and topology data by being continually updated as changes are made within the integrated cloud. It uses graph data technology to store relationships between inventory items. Graph traversals can then be used to identify chains of dependencies between items. Data views of the A&AI module are used by homing logic during real-time service delivery, root cause analysis of problems, impact analysis, capacity management, software license management and many other integrated cloud environment functions.
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The inventory and topology data includes resources, service, products, and customer subscriptions, along with topological relationships between them. Relationships captured by A&AI module include “top to bottom” relationships such as those defined in the service design and creation component and when products are composed of services, and services are composed of resources. It also includes “side to side” relationships such as end to end connectivity of virtualized functions to form service chains. A&AI module also keeps track of the span of control of each controller, and is queried by MSO and placement functions to identify which controller to invoke to perform a given operation.
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Provide accurate and timely views of resource, service, and product inventory and their relationship to the customer's subscription;
Deliver topologies and graphs;
Maintain relationships to other key entities (e.g., location) as well as non-integrated cloud environment inventory;
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Maintain the state of active, available and assigned inventory within the ECOMP platform ;
Allow introduction of new types of Resources, Services, and Products without a software development cycle (i.e., be metadata driven);
Be easily accessible and consumable by internal and external clients;
Provide functional APIs that expose invariant services and models to clients;
Provide highly available and reliable functions and APIs capable of operating as generic cloud workloads that can be placed arbitrarily within the cloud infrastructure capable of supporting those workloads;
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Scale incrementally as volumes in the ECOMP platform and cloud infrastructure scales;
Perform to the requirements of clients, with quick response times and high throughput;
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Enable vendor product and technology swap-outs over time, e.g., migration to a new technology for data storage or migration to a new vendor for MSO or Controllers ;
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Enable dynamic placement functions to determine which workloads are assigned to specific components of the ECOMP platform (i.e., Controllers or VNFs) for optimal performance and utilization efficiency; and
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Identify the controllers to be used for any particular request.
A&AI module is metadata driven, allowing new inventory item types to be added dynamically and quickly via catalog definitions, reducing the need for lengthy development cycles. A&AI module provides the following key requirements:
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A&AI module also performs a number of administrative functions. Given the model driven basis of the ECOMP platform , metadata models for the various catalog items are stored, updated, applied and versioned dynamically as needed without taking the system down for maintenance. Given the distributed nature of the A&AI module as well as the relationships with other components of the ECOMP platform , audits are periodically run to assure that the A&AI module is in sync with the inventory masters such as controllers and MSO . Adapters allow the A&AI module to interoperate with non-integrated cloud environment systems as well as 3rd party cloud providers via evolving cloud standards.
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Consistent with other applications of the ECOMP platform , the A&AI module produces canned and ad-hoc reports, integrates with the dashboard , publishes notifications other components of the ECOMP platform can subscribe to, and performs logging consistent with configurable framework constraints.
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FIG. 5
The primary function of MSO is the automation of end-to-end service instance provisioning activities. As shown in , MSO includes a request handler , an orchestration engine , adapters , and service catalog service recipes . MSO provides an interface to orchestrate delivery of integrated cloud environment services. In general, orchestration can be viewed as the definition and execution of workflows or processes to manage the completion of a task. The ability to graphically design and modify a workflow process is the key differentiator between an orchestrated process and a standard compiled set of procedural code. Orchestration provides adaptability and improved time-to-market due to the ease of definition and change without the need for a development engagement. As such, it is a primary driver of flexibility in the architecture. Interoperating with policies, the combination provides a basis for the definition of a flexible process that can be guided by business and technical policies and driven by process designers.
Orchestration exists throughout the integrated cloud environment architecture and is not be limited to the constraints implied by the term “workflow” as it typically implies some degree of human intervention. Orchestration in integrated cloud environment will not involve human intervention/decision/guidance in the vast majority of cases. The human involvement in orchestration is typically performed up front in the design process although there may be processes that will require intervention or alternate action such as exception or fallout processing.
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To support the large number of Orchestration requests, the orchestration engine will be exposed as a reusable service. With this approach, any component of the architecture can execute process recipes. Orchestration services will be capable of consuming a process recipe and executing against it to completion. The Service model maintains consistency and reusability across all orchestration activities and ensures consistent methods, structure and version of the workflow execution environment.
FIG. 5
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As shown in , DCAE module includes an analytic applications module , streaming framework , an events pub/sub , real-time collectors , APIs and batch collector . In the integrated cloud environment virtualized functions across various layers of functionality are expected to be instantiated in a significantly dynamic manner that requires the ability to provide real-time responses to actionable events from virtualized resources, applications, as well as requests from customers, carrier partners and other providers. In order to engineer, plan, bill and assure these dynamic services, DCAE module within the framework of the ECOMP platform gathers key performance, usage, telemetry and events from the dynamic, multi-vendor virtualized infrastructure in order to compute various analytics and respond with appropriate actions based on any observed anomalies or significant events. These significant events include application events that lead to resource scaling, configuration changes, and other activities as well as faults and performance degradations requiring healing. The collected data and computed analytics are stored for persistence as well as use by other applications for business and operations (e.g., billing, ticketing). More importantly, the DCAE module has to perform a lot of these functions in real-time.
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DCAE module provides real-time collectors necessary to collect the instrumentation made available in the integrated cloud infrastructure. The scope of the data collection includes all of the physical and virtual elements (compute, storage and network) in the integrated cloud infrastructure. The collection includes the types of events data necessary to monitor the health of the managed environment, the types of data to compute the key performance and capacity indicators necessary for elastic management of the resources, the types of granular data (e.g., flow, session & call records) needed for detecting network & service conditions, etc. The collection will support both real-time streaming as well as batch methods of data collection.
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DCAE module needs to support a variety of applications and use cases ranging from real-time applications that have stringent latency requirements to other analytic applications that have a need to process a range of unstructured and structured data. DCAE module needs to support all of these needs and must do so in a way that allows for incorporating new storage technologies as they become available. This may be done by encapsulating data access via APIs and minimizing application knowledge of the specific technology implementations.
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Given the scope of requirements around the volume, velocity and variety of data that DCAE module needs to support, the storage may use technologies that Big Data has to offer, such as support for NOSQL technologies, including in-memory repositories, and support for raw, structured, unstructured and semi-structured data. While there may be detailed data retained at the edge layer of DCAE module for detailed analysis and trouble-shooting, applications may optimize the use of bandwidth and storage resources by ensuring they propagate only the required data (reduced, transformed, aggregated, etc.) for other analyses.
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The DCAE module includes an analytic framework which is an environment that allows for development of real-time applications (e.g., analytics, anomaly detection, capacity monitoring, congestion monitoring, alarm correlation etc.) as well as other non-real-time applications (e.g., analytics, forwarding synthesized or aggregated or transformed data to Big Data stores and applications); the intent is to structure the environment that allows for agile introduction of applications from various providers (Labs, IT, vendors, etc.). The framework supports the ability to process both a real-time stream of data as well as data collected via traditional batch methods. The analytic framework supports methods that allow developers to compose applications that process data from multiple streams and sources. Analytic applications are developed by various organizations, however, they all run in the DCAE module and are managed by a DCAE controller (not shown). These applications are microservices developed by a broad community and adhere to the standards of the ECOMP platform .
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The following list provides examples of types of applications that can be built on top of DCAE module and that depend on the timely collection of detailed data and events by DCAE module . Analytics applications will be the most common applications that are processing the collected data and deriving interesting metrics or analytics for use by other applications or operations. These analytics range from very simple ones (from a single source of data) that compute usage, utilization, latency, etc. to very complex ones that detect specific conditions based on data collected from various sources. The analytics could be capacity indicators used to adjust resources or could be performance indicators pointing to anomalous conditions requiring response. The Fault/Event Correlation application is a key application that processes events and thresholds published by managed resources or other applications that detect specific conditions. Based on defined rules, policies, known signatures and other knowledge about the network or service behavior, this application would determine root cause for various conditions and notify interested applications and operations. A performance surveillance and visualization application provides a window to operations notifying them of network and service conditions. The notifications could include outages and impacted services or customers based on various dimensions of interest to Operations. They provide visual aids ranging from geographic dashboards to virtual information model browsers to detailed drilldown to specific service or customer impacts. The capacity planning application provides planners and engineers the ability to adjust forecasts based on observed demands as well as plan specific capacity augments at various levels, e.g., network functions virtualization infrastructure (NFVI) level (technical plant, racks, clusters, etc.), Network level (bandwidth, circuits, etc.), Service or Customer levels. A testing and trouble-shooting application provides operations the tools to test and trouble-shoot specific conditions. They could range from simple health checks for testing purposes, to complex service emulations orchestrated for troubleshooting purposes. In both cases, DCAE module provides the ability to collect the results of health checks and tests that are conducted. These checks and tests could be done on an ongoing basis, scheduled or conducted on demand. Some components of integrated cloud environment may expose new targets for security threats. Orchestration and control, decoupled hardware and software, and commodity hardware may be more susceptible to attack than proprietary hardware. However, software defined networks (SDN) and virtual networks also offer an opportunity for collecting a rich set of data for security analytics applications to detect anomalies that signal a security threat, such as distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack, and automatically trigger mitigating action. The applications that are listed above are by no means exhaustive and the open architecture of DCAE module will lend itself to integration of application capabilities over time from various sources and providers.
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Illustrated in are the components of the controllers . Controllers include an engineering rules and inventories module , a service logic interpreter module ; a network adapter module , and an application adapter module . Controllers are applications which are intimate with cloud and network services and execute the configuration, real-time policies, and control the state of distributed components and services.
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Illustrated in is the design flow of a control loop automation management platform . The solution has primarily three phases. These are pre-design of a template, configuration and distribution of template, instantiation of blueprint and monitoring. The pre-design allows control loop planners to create generic templates that describe a particular control loop flow. This can include creating a service chain that includes a telemetry collector object, followed by alarm enrichment module, followed by a signature detection and event generation module. During the configuration phase, a planner chooses from the set of templates and configures them for a particular service. After configuration, the populated template is distributed and sent to the respective components of the ECOMP platform . When a new site comes up or a VNF is turned on, the control loop is activated upon detection of a trigger from a runtime inventory (e.g. AI module )
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The control loop automation management platform uses components of ECOMP platform including the ECOMP web-based portal incorporated into the ECOMP platform . The ECOMP web-based portal enables authentication, construction, configuration, certification, testing, governance approval and distribution of control loop templates. The control loop automation management platform also includes a business process management application coupled to the ECOMP platform , including a control loop designer , and a workflow engine . The control loop designer and the workflow engine are used to create and distribute the control loop that accesses a set of APIs in DCAE module (DCAE APIs ), a set of APIs in policy creation component (policy APIs ) and a set of APIs in controller (application controller APIs ). These APIs reside within their respective components of the ECOMP platform . The control loop automation management platform provides reports to a monitoring dashboard responsive to queries of the DCAE module . The monitoring dashboard enables telemetry data capture relevant to the performance of the control loop, status update and diagnosis of failures.
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is a flow chart of an example control loop for a firewall application. Data from a firewall application (e.g. F5) is collected using a simple network management protocol (SNMP) and is transmitted to a telemetry module that serves as a fault management collector. The telemetry module takes raw data from the firewall application and sends it to trap adaptor . The trap adaptor normalizes the data structure and enhances it with flags. The normalized and enhanced data is sent to the microservice that is an analytic module that acts as a fault detector. Detected faults may be sent to a logging module that stores event and fault data. The event and fault data is sent to control loop dashboard that provides a view of the runtime control loop. The detected faults may also be sent to a policy module that makes the decisions about what action must be taken based on the fault that has been detected. In some cases the actions may be sent to an alarm application (e.g. RUBY) that looks out for all alarms if the closed loop does not function and sends the alarms out to a ticket function for action by a human being. Normally, the policy module sends information about the decisions that must be taken to the application controller . The application controller sends the actions to a software platform (such as OpenStack) that controls compute, storage and networking resources in a system. The software platform forwards instructions back to the firewall application . The activities of the telemetry module , the trap adaptor and the policy module may be configured using policies that can change the behavior of the telemetry module , the trap adaptor and the policy module . The control loop can change its state, actions, policies or analytics processing based on feedback information provided through a feedback loop . Feedback information may be provided either without supervision (automated approach) or with supervision (human intervention).
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is a flowchart of a method for designing and executing a control loop for a system in a cloud environment.
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In step the method provides access to a web based portal in a platform implemented in the cloud environment. The landing page of the web based portal provides a set of control functions including access to a project; the ability to save a project; user authentication, and role based authentication. The control functions may also include construction, configuration, certification, testing, governance, approval and distribution of control loop templates.
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In step the method accesses a business process management application through the web based portal. The business process management application enables control loop flowchart design, the ability to add microservices to a control loop template; define the policies for defining the actions for the control loop, and the ability to choose which metric will be the input to the microservice. The business process management application may be used to create a service task using the APIs of the ECOMP platform and allow the user to choose which action is applicable for the controller .
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In step the method develops a control loop template for the control loop using the business process management application. The control loop template is developed by creating a control loop flowchart and creating a business process modeling notation model for the control loop.
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In step the method configures the control loop template using the business process management application. Configuration of the control loop may include adding a micro service to the control loop template; determining a metric to serve as an input to the microservice; and associating a policy to the microservice.
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In step the method distributes a control loop template to the system.
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In step the method activates the control loop template to provide an activated control loop. The workflow engine communicates with ECOMP platform through a set of well-defined APIs specified by the ECOMP platform . These APIs include DCAE API (indicating what collectors to use, what microservices to instantiate to support a closed loop use case.) and the Policy API (including the policy rules for control loop automation, configuration parameters, event to publish on detecting signature, desired action (i.e. recipe) and actor to take corrective action.) using representational state transfer (REST) Web services. The application controller API (preloaded with the action) is then accessed to configure and/or start/stop the control loop. The activated control loop may be provided with a feedback loop that provides feedback information to the activated control loop whereby the state, actions, policies or analytics processing can be changed based on the feedback information. The feedback information may be provided without supervision (automated approach) or with supervision (human intervention).
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In step the method monitors the activated control loop. Monitoring is accomplished by reporting a status of the control loop through a data collection, analytics, and events API in the platform. Status of the control loop is reported to a dashboard in the web-based portal. The monitoring dashboard displays status responsive to queries of the DCAE module for status, and enables telemetry data capture relevant to the performance of the control loop, status update and diagnosis of failures. The control loop system may change its velocity and frequency to monitor data and functions depending on historical events (such as previous failures, speed of previous failures, etc.).
As described above, the exemplary embodiments can be in the form of processor-implemented processes and devices for practicing those processes, such as a server in a regional network or cloud data center. The exemplary embodiments may be embodied as either centralized or distributed hardware and software. The exemplary embodiments can also be in the form of computer program code containing instructions embodied in tangible media, such as floppy diskettes, CD ROMs, hard drives, or any other computer-readable storage medium, wherein, when the computer program code is loaded into and executed by a computer, the computer becomes a device for practicing the exemplary embodiments. The exemplary embodiments can also be in the form of computer program code, for example, whether stored in a storage medium, loaded into and/or executed by a computer, or transmitted over some transmission medium, loaded into and/or executed by a computer, or transmitted over some transmission medium, such as over electrical wiring or cabling, through fiber optics, or via electromagnetic radiation, wherein, when the computer program code is loaded into an executed by a computer, the computer becomes an device for practicing the exemplary embodiments. When implemented on a general-purpose microprocessor, the computer program code segments configure the microprocessor to create specific logic circuits.
While the invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims. Moreover, the use of the terms first, second, etc., do not denote any order or importance, but rather the terms first, second, etc., are used to distinguish one element from another. Furthermore, the use of the terms a, an, etc., do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced item.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1
is a block diagram illustrating the architecture of an enhanced control, orchestration, management and policy platform in which an embodiment of a control loop automation management platform may be implemented. The embodiment may be implemented in two types of architectures, namely centralized or distributed.
FIG. 2
is a block diagram of a platform for enhanced control, orchestration, management and policy in which embodiments of the control loop automation management platform may be implemented.
FIG. 3
is a block diagram of the service design and creation component, the policy creation component and the analytic application design component of the platform for enhanced control, orchestration, management and policy.
FIG. 4
is a block diagram of the dashboard and active and available inventory module of the platform for enhanced control, orchestration, management and policy.
FIG. 5
is a block diagram of the master service orchestrator component and the data collection, analytics and events component of the platform for enhanced control, orchestration, management and policy.
FIG. 6
is a block diagram of the components for the controllers of the platform for enhanced control, orchestration, management and policy.
FIG. 7
is a block diagram of an embodiment of a control loop automation management platform.
FIG. 8
is a flowchart of a control loop designed and executed by an embodiment of the control loop automation management platform.
FIG. 9
is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for designing and executing a control loop in a system in a cloud environment. | |
It was pleasure to work with Esquire China team again for their July cover story featuring beautiful Li Bingbing.
The theme of the story was an adventurous female scientist settling down in a deserted area, living in the wilderness while performing her scientific experiments and sending signals out in space.
Beijing Eye team did location scouting based on the storyboard. It needed to be a barren, deserted area in Beijing area which should bear some resemblance to the American dry wastelands. Also, we provided all the props including a vintage car, as well as a motorhome for the celebrity.
During the whole shoot day, we experienced constant overcast and occasional rain. However, the commitment and excellence of Li Bingbing on set made the whole crew overcome the impermanence of weather. Though at the end not dry the scenery and props together with Li Bingbing made for some amazing finals. | http://beijing-eye.com/behind-the-scenes-with-li-bingbing-for-esquire-july-cover/ |
Q:
why 0.1+0.2-0.3= 5.5511151231258E-17 in php
Possible Duplicate:
The accuracy of PHP float calculate
when i executed the code below in eclipse , the result was not 0 but 5.5511151231258E-17
$a = 0.1+0.2-0.3;
echo $a;
could someone tell me why?
A:
This is because floating point numbers have limited precision.
You can find more information about this trait on this page in the PHP manual.
Floating point numbers have limited precision. Although it depends on
the system, PHP typically uses the IEEE 754 double precision format,
which will give a maximum relative error due to rounding in the order
of 1.11e-16. Non elementary arithmetic operations may give larger
errors, and, of course, error progragation must be considered when
several operations are compounded.
Additionally, rational numbers that are exactly representable as
floating point numbers in base 10, like 0.1 or 0.7, do not have an
exact representation as floating point numbers in base 2, which is
used internally, no matter the size of the mantissa. Hence, they
cannot be converted into their internal binary counterparts without a
small loss of precision. This can lead to confusing results: for
example, floor((0.1+0.7)*10) will usually return 7 instead of the
expected 8, since the internal representation will be something like
7.9999999999999991118....
So never trust floating number results to the last digit, and never
compare floating point numbers for equality. If higher precision is
necessary, the arbitrary precision math functions and gmp functions
are available.
Please note that this is not a trait specific to PHP; it is just the way floating point numbers work.
| |
The WITS project promotes STEM education in the elementary grades and diversity in the College of Education at the University of Wyoming. More than half of the WITS scholars in our Year 1 cohort identified as underrepresented minority students. The Year 2 cohort is also diverse in terms of gender and economic status. This project fills a gap in the literature as it addresses recruiting and retaining STEM teachers in hard-to-staff and rural schools.
Goals
The primary goal of the WITS program is to recruit and retain diverse, talented individuals who are interested in teaching in the elementary grades. Further, we provide academic support and nurturing to build a strong and cohesive community of scholars. From potluck dinners to tailgates at football games to plays, we provide opportunities for mentors and scholars to interact with one another. Tutoring is also provided in mathematics for scholars who may need extra assistance.
Approach
The theoretical framework that guides the WITS program is self-efficacy theory and the constructs are teacher efficacy and place-based education. Bandura (1977) developed what is now known as self-efficacy theory, which connects the predictive value of an event’s success to the confidence that one has to perform it. Through mentoring, social interaction, and summer internships our aim is to increase WITS scholars’ self-efficacy in mathematics and science teaching. Teaching Efficacy Beliefs Instrument (MTEBI, Enochs, Riggs, & Huinker, 2000) are used with teacher candidates and show that teacher efficacy is malleable (Leonard, Boakes, & Moore, 2009; Newton et al., 2012). These surveys were used to measure changes in teacher efficacy among WITS participants.
Outcomes
The internships and mentoring components of the WITS program have been very effective. In Year 1, we had five summer interns, we received numerous accolades for their work with students in 2015. As a result, this year we had 20 students apply for internships. Ten will work during summer 2016 in both urban and rural settings. This aspect of the project allows potential Noyce scholars an opportunity to experience what teaching is all about. Moreover, each Noyce scholar had three different types of mentors: faculty, graduate students, and community members, These mentors developed trust and strong ties with the WITS scholars. As a result, scholars told other students about the program and six new scholars will begin the program in fall 2016.
Broader Impacts
The children who were served during the summer internships learned as much from the WITS interns as the interns did from them. In some cases, rural white students had never interacted with African American males before. Students gravitated toward these young men and learned a great deal from them. Likewise, the interns, particularly those from urban settings, had the opportunity to learn a great deal by teaching and learning in natural environments like the Tetons and Vedauwoo. Conducting math and science activities in natural environments, as reported in their journals, impacted the summer interns for a lifetime. | https://www.nsfnoyce.org/pi-abstract-pods/wyoming-interns-to-teacher-scholars/ |
What is a competent professional?
A competent professional is a hypothetical person who:
- has suitable qualifications or skills to participate in the relevant scientific/technological field
- has ordinary knowledge and experience in that field
- is aware of the current state of knowledge in the field
- can access up-to-date knowledge via publicly and generally available resources such as the internet, relevant industry journals and other professionals.
The competent professional needn’t be a world-leading expert
A competent professional doesn’t have to be a world leading expert.
In a rapidly developing field there may be very few people who understand the very latest research. It’s sufficient if the competent professional:
- understands how existing knowledge is normally applied in the relevant area, and
- is able to access publicly available information.
Confirming expected results versus testing unknown outcomes
To pass the competent professional test, it must be established that this person would need to undertake a systematic course of investigation to seek to resolve the uncertainty.
If it was known from the outset that this investigation would be successful, then there’s no uncertainty.
However, if the scientific or technological challenge could only be resolved by carrying out the investigation, then there’s likely to be uncertainty.
It’s not necessary to consult a competent professional
This test does not require that you actually consult a competent professional - it’s about whether such a person would consider there is uncertainty.
In reality, it’s highly likely that you would consult such a professional, who will often be a member of your R&D team.
This means they don’t need to be independent - however, they must be capable of making an objective judgement.
How can I access a relevant professional?
If you’re unsure where to find a competent professional, contact a relevant industry organisation, independent research organisation or research institute, university or relevant government agency (such as Callaghan Innovation) for advice. | https://www.rdti.govt.nz/is-my-r-and-d-eligible/competent-professional/ |
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to an improved data processing system, and in particular to a method and apparatus for processing errors in a data processing system. Still more particularly, the present invention provides a method, apparatus, and computer implemented instructions for parity error recovery.
2. Description of Related Art
In presently available computer systems, error detection logic and parity are used to ensure customer data integrity. Error detection involves testing for accurate storage, retrieval and transmission of data internally within the computer system. Parity checking is an error detection technique that tests the integrity of digital data within the computer system or over a network. Parity checking uses an extra ninth bit that holds a 0 or 1 depending on the data content of the byte. Each time a byte of data is retrieved, transferred or transmitted, the parity bit is tested. Even parity systems make the parity bit 1 when there is an even number of 1 bits in the byte. Odd parity systems make it 1 when there is an odd number of 1 bits. A parity error is an error condition that occurs when the parity bit of a character is found to be incorrect. For example, if the number of set bits is even, it sets the parity bit to 0; if the number of set bits is odd, it sets the parity bit to 1. In this way, every byte has an even number of set bits. When the data is checked, each byte is checked to make sure that it has an even number of set bits. If an odd number of set bits are present, an error has occurred. This check is typically made each time data is read from the storage device.
Today, computer systems use a large quantity of semiconductor memory for temporary data storage within the system. The types of temporary data storage includes a 1st level instruction (L1 I-Cache) and data cache (L1 D-Cache), a second level cache (L2), a third level cache (L3), a effective to real address translation (ERAT) buffer, translation lookaside buffer (TLB), and main memory. The smaller size memory within the system, such as L1, ERAT, or TLB are generally referred to as an array.
The large quantity of array or memory used in today's computer system also brings higher failure rates to the overall system. Semiconductor array or memory failures include solid and soft errors. Solid errors are those errors caused by imperfect manufacturing process or reliability wear out. Soft errors are those errors caused by alpha particle, cosmic ray or electrical noise within the computer system. Soft errors are transient errors. In general, soft errors in semiconductor array or memory are magnitudes higher than solid errors.
In some cases, computer hardware with a high failure rate, such as L2, L3, or system memory, uses error correction logic to minimize the impact of a failure of the system and improve overall system availability. Error correction logic, however, adds to the cost and additional circuit delay. As a result, the cost of systems and overall system performance may be reduced.
Therefore, it would be advantageous to have an improved method, apparatus, and computer implemented instructions for recovering from soft errors in the computer array with parity errors checking in a data processing system.
The present invention provides a method, apparatus, and computer implemented instructions for processing and recovering from soft errors in computer array with a parity error checking design in a data processing system. In response to an occurrence of a parity error, processor status information is stored to form stored processor information. A determination is made as to whether the parity error is a recoverable parity error using the stored processor information. In response to the parity error being a recoverable parity error, a recovery action is performed. The specific action taken varies depending on the type of error.
FIG. 1
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With reference now to the figure and in particular with reference to , a block diagram of a data processing system in which the present invention may be implemented. In this example, data processing system may be a symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) system including a plurality of processors , , , and connected to system bus . For example, data processing system may be an IBM eServer pSeries (formerly known as RS/6000), a product of International Business Machines Corporation in Armonk, N.Y. Alternatively, a single processor system may be employed. Also connected to system bus is memory controller, which provides an interface to a plurality of local memories -. I/O bus bridge is connected to system bus and provides an interface to I/O bus . Memory controller and I/O bus bridge may be integrated as depicted. Data processing system is a logically partitioned data processing system. Thus, data processing system may have multiple heterogeneous operating systems (or multiple instances of a single operating system) running simultaneously. Each of these multiple operating systems may have any number of software programs executing within in it. Data processing system is logically partitioned such that different I/O adapters -, -, -, and - may be assigned to different logical partitions.
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Suppose, for example, data processing system is divided into three logical partitions, P, P, and P. Each of I/O adapters -, -, -, and - each of processors -, and each of local memories - are assigned to one of the three partitions. For example, processor , memory , and I/O adapters , , and may be assigned to logical partition P; processors -, memory , and I/O adapters and may be assigned to partition P; and processor , memories -, and I/O adapters and - may be assigned to logical partition P.
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Each operating system executing within data processing system is assigned to a different logical partition. Thus, each operating system executing within data processing system may access only those I/O units that are within its logical partition. Thus, for example, one instance of the Advanced Interactive Executive (AIX) operating system may be executing within partition P, a second instance (image) of the AIX operating system may be executing within partition P, and a Windows 2000™ operating system may be operating within logical partition P. Windows 2000 is a product and trademark of Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Wash.
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Peripheral component interconnect (PCI) Host bridge connected to I/O bus provides an interface to PCI bus . A number of terminal bridges - may be connected to PCI bus . Typical PCI bus implementations will support four terminal bridges for providing expansion slots or add-in connectors. Each of terminal bridges - is connected to a PCI I/O adapter - through PCI Bus -. Each I/O adapter - provides an interface between data processing system and input/output devices such as, for example, other network computers, which are clients to server . Only a single I/O adapter - may be connected to each terminal bridge -. Each of terminal bridges - is configured to prevent the propagation of errors up into the PCI Host Bridge and into higher levels of data processing system . By doing so, an error received by any of terminal bridges - is isolated from the shared buses and of the other I/O adapters , -, -, and - that may be in different partitions. Therefore, an error occurring within an I/O device in one partition is not “seen” by the operating system of another partition. Thus, the integrity of the operating system in one partition is not effected by an error occurring in another logical partition. Without such isolation of errors, an error occurring within an I/O device of one partition may cause the operating systems or application programs of another partition to cease to operate or to cease to operate correctly.
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Additional PCI host bridges , , and provide interfaces for additional PCI buses , , and . Each of additional PCI buses , , and are connected to a plurality of terminal bridges -, -, and -, which are each connected to a PCI I/O adapter -, -, and - by a PCI bus -, -, and -. Thus, additional I/O devices, such as, for example, modems or network adapters may be supported through each of PCI I/O adapters -, -, and -. In this manner, server allows connections to multiple network computers. A memory mapped graphics adapter and hard disk may also be connected to I/O bus as depicted, either directly or indirectly.
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Management of logical partitions is achieved through terminals, such as hardware system consoles (HSC). This access is provided in these examples through service processor , nonvolatile random access memory (NVRAM) , and input/output (I/O) adapter . HSCs connect to service processor through I/O adapter . NVRAM contains objects, such as profiles used to configure and manage logical partitions within data processing system . In these examples, the profiles stored in NVRAM are sent to HSCs as they come online or connect to data processing system through I/O adapter . This architecture provides a mechanism to avoid having to store profiles for logical partitions at the HSCs. Further, synchronization mechanisms to maintain profiles duplicated at different HSCs also are not required with this architecture.
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In the depicted examples, processors - include data caches, such as a level 1 (L1) data cache. A cache is used to speed up data transfer and may be either temporary or permanent. In this example, the L1 data cache is a permanent located within a processor. Instructions and data are transferred to the cache in blocks, using some kind of look-ahead algorithm. The more sequential the instructions in the routine being accessed, and the more sequential the order of the data being read, the more chance the next desired item will still be in the cache, and the greater improvement in performance.
FIG. 1
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the hardware depicted in may vary. For example, other peripheral devices, such as optical disk drives and the like, also may be used in addition to or in place of the hardware depicted. The depicted example is not meant to imply architectural limitations with respect to the present invention.
1
1
The mechanism of the present invention relates to error recovery in data caches and other components associated with processors, such as a translation lookaside buffer (TLB) or effective to real address translation (ERAT). These small memories in the processor are generally referred to as array. Currently, detection of a parity error causes a system crash. The mechanism of the present invention is designed to allow for recovery from parity errors in these arrays. The mechanism involves a runtime system firmware in an interrupt routine, which includes a recovery process or algorithm. This process reads the save and restore registers (SRR) and data storage interrupt status register (DSISR) in the processor and uses this information to determine if the error is a recoverable error. If the error is a recoverable error, an action is taken depending on the type of error. For example, if the error is an instruction fetch TLB error, then the entries in the TLB are invalidated and an error count is incremented. If the error count exceeds a selected threshold, then a different action may be taken.
FIG. 2
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Turning next to , a block diagram of components involved in parity error recovery is depicted in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this example, processor includes an L1 cache and tag , an effective to real address translation (ERAT) unit , a translation lookaside buffer (TLB) , SRR and DSISR registers , and hardware logic . L1 cache, tag, ERAT and TLB are generally referred to as processor array. Runtime system firmware implements an interrupt routine containing a recovery algorithm used with parity errors in these arrays. Runtime system firmware is a set of computer instructions produced by computer hardware manufacturer to implement a specific computer function. In this case, the system firmware is written specifically for error recovery in these processor arrays. The runtime firmware is executing processor instructions on the processor with array parity error. This mechanism will read SRR and DSISR registers in processor . The information from these registers is used to determine whether the error is a recoverable error. Upon identifying a recoverable error, different actions are taken depending on the type of error.
FIG. 3
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Turning next to , a table illustrating errors and actions is depicted in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Table identifies different errors and actions to be taken. The error description is found in column , the hardware indicator (i.e. content of SRR and DSISR registers for the column) is found in column . Firmware recovery actions, if any, are identified in column . The severity of the error is found in column and the disposition of the error as to whether a recovery has occurred is found in column . Both severity and disposition information are contained in the error log informing the operating system of the recovery status. In these examples, entry is an entry for error in which a recovery does not occur. This error includes a loss of hardware states. When this type of error occurs, the system or a logical partition in a partitioned system does not recover and must be restarted.
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Entries - identify errors in which a recovery may occur. These errors include data cache parity errors and data cache tag parity errors; load/store (L/S) TLB parity errors and L/S data ERAT parity errors; and load/store (L/S) TLB parity errors and L/S data ERAT parity errors. The actions in these types of errors include invalidated the content of a cache, an ERAT or a TLB. Additionally, these entries in which recoveries may occur identify action to take depending on whether a threshold in an error count has been met or exceeded. For example, in entry when an error count is less than or equal to a threshold, the data cache is invalidated. If the threshold has been exceeded, entry indicates that for a data cache parity error that the data cache is to be both invalidated and the failing portion of a cache is disabled.
FIG. 4
FIG. 4
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Turning now to , a flowchart of a process used for recovering from a parity error is depicted in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The process illustrated in may be implemented as a runtime system firmware machine check interrupt routine executing computer instructions. In these examples, steps to are implemented as runtime system firmware executing computer instructions on a processor with detected parity errors. The runtime system firmware machine check interrupt routine prevent the system from crashing when a parity error occurs by executing error recovery algorithm.
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The process begins when a parity error is detected by hardware error detection logic (step ). Upon detecting a hardware error, the specific error type and processor recoverable interrupt state are saved in the processor SRR and DSISR register, and a hardware branch of the instruction to the machine check interrupt vector at address 0x0200 occurs (step ). Step is performed by hardware logic. In these examples, the error status registers are SRR and DSISR. These hardware state and status registers, SRR and DSISR, are then read (step ). A determination is made as to whether the interrupt is a recoverable one (step ). In the depicted examples, a determination is made by reading the processor SRR register and check if RI bit within the SRR register is set to the value of 1.
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If the interrupt is a recoverable one (SRR [RE]=1), a determination is made as to whether the error type is an L1 D-cache or an L1 D-cache tag (step ). If this error type is not present, then a determination is made as to whether the error type is a TLB error (step ). If the answer to this determination is yes, all TLB entries are invalidated (step ), and a TLB error counter, is incremented by 1 (step ).
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Next, a determination is made as to whether the TLB error counter is greater than a threshold (step ). An error threshold is predetermined during design phase by setting it significantly higher than the projected soft error rate of an array over the life time of the product. In this case, a threshold of 5 is chosen. If an error threshold for a particular array (L1 D-cache, TLB or ERAT) is reached, it means that the error encountered is solid, and invalidating the content of the array will not remove the soft error. If the TLB error counter is greater than the threshold, the failing portion of the TLB is disabled by changing a specific value in the Hardware Implementation Dependent (HID) Register (step ). A recovery success status is reported (step ) to the interrupted operating system software via a callback mechanism, with the process terminating thereafter. The operating system software check the error log for recovery status and resume operation. Turning back to step , if the error count is not greater than the threshold, the process proceeds to step , as described above.
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With reference back to step , if the error type is not TLB, then a determination is made as to whether the error type is an ERAT error step (). If the answer to this determination is yes, every forth TLB entries are invalidated (step ) and an ERAT error counter is incremented by 1 (step ). Next, a determination is made as to whether the ERAT error counter is greater than a threshold (step ). If the ERAT error counter is greater than the threshold, the failing portion of the ERAT unit is disabled by changing a specific value in the hardware implementation dependent (HID) register (step ) with the process proceeding to step as described above.
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Turning again to step , if the error counter does not exceed the threshold, the process proceeds to step . With reference back to step , if the error type if not an ERAT type error, the process terminates.
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Turning back to step , if the error type is an L1 data cache or an L1 data cache tag, the data cache is invalidated (step ). A D-Cache or D-Cache tag error counter is incremented by 1. (step ). Then, a determination is made as to whether the D-Cache or D-Cache tag error counter has exceeded the threshold (step ). The threshold is the same threshold value as in step , but for a different counter. If the threshold has been exceeded, then the failing portion of the D-cache or D-cache tag is disabled (step ) with the process proceeding to step as described above.
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With reference again to step , if the D-Cache or D-Cache tag error counter has not exceeded the threshold, the process also proceeds to step as described above.
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Turning back to step , if the machine check interrupt is not a recoverable one, a not recovered status is reported to the interrupted operating system software via a callback mechanism (step ) with the process terminating thereafter. In step , the operating system proceeds with its recovery or terminating process.
Thus, the present invention provides an improved method, apparatus, and computer implemented instructions for handling processor array parity errors in which a system failure does not necessarily occur in response to this type of error. The mechanism of the present invention includes a routine or process that reads selected registers in the processor to determine whether the error is a recoverable error. If the error is a recoverable error, an action is taken based on the type of error.
It is important to note that while the present invention has been described in the context of a fully functioning data processing system, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the processes of the present invention are capable of being distributed in the form of a computer readable medium of instructions and a variety of forms and that the present invention applies equally regardless of the particular type of signal bearing media actually used to carry out the distribution. Examples of computer readable media include recordable-type media, such as a floppy disk, a hard disk drive, a RAM, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, and transmission-type media, such as digital and analog communications links, wired or wireless communications links using transmission forms, such as, for example, radio frequency and light wave transmissions. The computer readable media may take the form of coded formats that are decoded for actual use in a particular data processing system.
The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention, the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The novel features believed characteristic of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objectives and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1
is a block diagram of a data processing system in which the present invention may be implemented;
FIG. 2
is a block diagram of components involved in array parity recovery in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3
is a table illustrating errors and actions in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 4
is a flowchart of a process used for recovering from a parity error in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. | |
EPSRC Reference:
EP/F002599/1
Title:
Response of Steel Beam-to-Column Connections to Dynamic Loading
Principal Investigator:
Tait, Professor S
Other Investigators:
Researcher Co-Investigators:
Project Partners:
Department:
Sch of Engineering Design and Technology
Organisation:
University of Bradford
Scheme:
Standard Research
Starts:
22 November 2007
Ends:
21 November 2010
Value (£):
117,824
EPSRC Research Topic Classifications:
Civil Engineering Materials
Structural Engineering
EPSRC Industrial Sector Classifications:
Construction
Related Grants:
EP/F004338/1
Panel History:
Panel Date
Panel Name
Outcome
17 Apr 2007
Engineering Science (Components) Panel
Announced
Summary on Grant Application Form
The after-effects of the events of 11 September 2001 are still reverberating around the world. The collapse of buildings at the World Trade Centre (WTC) has thrown the field of structural engineering into the spotlight and professionals and the public alike have a heightened awareness of the dangers posed by the collapse of buildings. The post-WTC deliberations have highlighted and brought into sharp focus a previously limited debate on the shortcomings in our knowledge of the response of framed buildings to accidental or malicious damage. Even before the September 11 attacks, an American government working party stated that Progressive structural collapse is a primary, if not the leading, cause of injury and death in building failures, regardless of the source of loading...For this reason, predicting and designing to prevent progressive collapse of a building under a specified attack scenario is (and should be) a primary objective... The same report noted that ...guidance on building collapse and building code requirements would be valuable. The phenomenon of progressive collapse is not well understood, despite the widespread recognition that most building failures include building collapse. Although building codes admonish designers to ensure that collapse does not occur, they do not provide guidance on how this can or should be accomplished. Among their recommendations is The nature and mechanism of progressive collapse is a subject that merits further study by the academic community. This topic, which has not been addressed at a meaningful level for almost a quarter of a century, could have benefits in mitigating risks from many hazards. The situation in the United Kingdom is similar. A pre-September 11 report acknowledged that, whilst the requirement for structures to be robust against accidental damage is not disputed, there is presently no established basis for determining how much redundancy is required in order to provide an acceptable level of safety in the event of damage, or to estimate how the forces in a damaged structure are redistributed. The same report pointed out that, inherent robustness of buildings may have been compromised by advances in structural analysis and design, which have enabled the designer to model a structure more accurately. This, it argued, has reduced the usual over-design of structural frames in the pursuit of economy of construction, and may have resulted in buildings with reduced robustness. Although current UK design guidelines emphasise the importance of catenary action in providing robustness against damage in framed buildings, and the consequent requirement for tensile capacity of members and connections, in practice, it is likely that both moment resistance (in Virendeel bridging action) and shear resistance (to debris loading) of connections will be equally important. Recent authoritative publications in both the UK and USA have highlighted the current lack of knowledge of the dynamic response of bolted steel connections and there is a pressing need for authoritative data on both the response of different types of framed structures to damage (a topic already under investigation by the proposers and the subject of an earlier research proposal), and the dynamic behaviour of steel connections.The overall aim of this project is to conduct an experimental study of the response of steel connections to dynamic loading and compare the results with existing design recommendations. A range of connections typical of those used in UK construction will be examined, including web cleats, fin plates, partial depth- , flush- and extended endplates.
Key Findings
This information can now be found on Gateway to Research (GtR) http://gtr.rcuk.ac.uk
Potential use in non-academic contexts
This information can now be found on Gateway to Research (GtR) http://gtr.rcuk.ac.uk
Impacts
Description
This information can now be found on Gateway to Research (GtR) http://gtr.rcuk.ac.uk
Summary
Date Materialised
Sectors submitted by the Researcher
This information can now be found on Gateway to Research (GtR) http://gtr.rcuk.ac.uk
Project URL:
Further Information:
Organisation Website: | https://gow.epsrc.ukri.org/NGBOViewGrant.aspx?GrantRef=EP/F002599/1 |
Anne Lieberwirth has a Master degree in Music Pedagogy from the Academy of Music “Mendelssohn Bartholdy” Leipzig/Germany, and a Bachelor degree in Jazz Performance from the Academy of Music “Hanns Eisler” Berlin. Prior to completing her Masters in Music Education she was a student in the Graduate Studies Program in Jazz Performance at Queens College in New York, where she lived and worked as a fulltime professional musician. She has also taught and worked as a professional musician in Berlin and Toronto and has toured both in Europe and North America. As an instructor she has led a number of band, song-writing and improvisation workshops. Anne looks forward to sharing her passion, skills and experience with respect to music with all her students. She sees teaching as the perfect opportunity to giving back to a community of young and emerging professional musicians.
My Philosophy
Understanding that everyone may have a different approach to learning, and that there is no secret formula of learning music, I am always trying to tailor an individual teaching method that works for the student. Nevertheless, it is important that a student learns how to read music because it makes communication between student and teacher much easier and it opens up a world of musical material. I’m also putting an emphasis on learning how to play by ear because it greatly helps developing a musical ear and opens up a way into improvisation. Another aspect of my lessons is learning how to practice efficiently so that practicing will be a rewarding experience. I’m expecting all of my students to be committed to the lessons, however, I’m trying to meet their needs as well and to pay attention to their goals.
This all said I believe in music lessons, because apart from the joy that comes with playing music, learning music improves our academic as well as our social skills. Indeed, it makes us smarter and better people in many aspects of life and it equips us with a musical ear, a skill that we will own and can be proud of for the rest of our life, even if it’s just the way we perceive music around us. | https://www.annelieberwirth.com/teaching/ |
I animated some fat bears and watched a lot of Veronica Mars.
Numbers are fun. Quantification is the quintessential human method of progress, whether it’s the number of Facebook friends, stars on Yelp, revenue this quarter, stock prices, or touchdowns scored. Even better, we’re surrounded by databases of numbers describing everything around us. As a person with analytical tendencies, I get excited about doing this with these numbers, and as a computer science major, I want to automate that process. At the past hackathons I’ve been to, when I wasn’t working on my official project, I figured I’d try to interpret some of these numbers.
The first weekend of February was the Tufts Hackathon, which I co-organized with my friend Will. As a result, I spent most of the event moving chairs, feeding people, passing out swag, and tweeting. Now, I’ve always noticed a casual correlation between my attendance at hackathons and the frequency of tweets that I send out. Sitting on a computer all night can inspire you to broadcast more of your 140-character thoughts. I figured I’d formalize this theory with a graph:
Purple bars are my tweets. Pink bars are days I was at hackathons. Suspicions confirmed.
In fact, the numbers don’t lie: my average tweets per day is 1.234; my average tweets per day during hackathons is 8.333. Here’s the bit of Python code that I used to calculate ‘em.
You can see from the line numbers that this is a snippet from the middle of my code. For background, I’ve got days, a list of tweets per day (which I got using the Twitter API), and hackathons, a list of dates I was at hackathons. I get the average of tweets overall by summing up the total number of tweets and dividing by the number of days, and the average hackathon tweets by adding up tweets per day for each day I was at a hackathon, and dividing by the number of days I was at hackathons.
Bam.
Then, at PennApps, I was playing around with the Rotten Tomatoes API and animals, and I determined the following conclusions:
Movies about cats and movies about dogs are equally well liked (average audience score of 62%)
Movies about cats that mention dogs do 23% worse than those that don’t mention dogs.
Movies about dogs that mention cats do ony 16% worse than their counterparts that don’t mention dogs.
Chicken movies do nearly twice as well when they mention in the description that they are about chickens.
If you think this is ridiculous / made up, check out the code. I included instructions on how to run it yourself, so try it out and see what you think!
Do you think my claims are totally false? Am I misinterpreting the data? Want to hear about the super sketchy things I did in the Twitter project that made me too embarrassed to put the whole codebase online (Hint: look at the units of the x-axis)? Leave a comment or tweet at me!
I animated some fat bears and watched a lot of Veronica Mars.
… a couple of days late. I apologize but spring break, the California sun, and fun times with friends gave me an opportunity to think of something other…
This summer, I decided to do something very contrary to who I normally am as a person. | http://admissions.tufts.edu/blogs/jumbo-talk/post/numbers-analytics-and-the-fun-things-you-can-do-with-them/ |
Smartphones, tablets and laptops have moved from the fringe of computing to the mainstream in just five years. Sales of these smart devices exploded as consumers saw the benefits of seamless connectivity, and were drawn to the simplicity. of new user interfaces.
In many cases, the environment benefited too, as energy efficient devices displaced older computers, and new mobile-enabled cloud systems became platforms for efficiency across the economy.
Unfortunately, this isn’t the whole story. Smart devices are smart, but the physical systems they end up in are not: 89 per cent of mobile devices in the US were thrown into landfill in 2010, even though the resources they contain mean it is economically sensible to recycle them.
Many millions of usable devices are left forgotten in drawers once their owners upgrade, despite a robust second-hand market. This wastes perfectly good devices, frustrates consumers and harms the environment. | https://www.edie.net/circular-economy-for-smart-devices-opportunities-in-the-us-uk-and-india/ |
In a previous blog, I wrote about a new surveillance system to collect data on wildland firefighter fatalities (the Wildland Fire Fighter On-Duty Death Surveillance System) under the aegis of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). As mentioned, NFPA’s Fire Incident Data Organization (FIDO) is one of three separate sources of information on wildland fire fighter deaths that will be utilized in this effort. I want to follow up in this blog with a brief description of some of the new system’s mechanics, as well as early findings.
A starting point is to identify the criteria that NIOSH has established for determining just what counts as a wildland fire fighter death, a necessity that emerged when NIOSH researchers found discrepancies between the numbers of fatalities reported by the three information sources owing to differences in how the deaths were defined.
Consequently, NIOSH drew up a multi-part case definition to ensure consistency of its fatality data. Here, fatalities are defined as any fatal injury or illness sustained among wildland fire fighters while on-duty at a wildland fire-related event or while performing wildland fire duties in the U.S.; wildland fire is defined as a non-structure fire occurring in vegetation or natural fuel, including prescribed fire and wildfire, and wildland fire fighter is distinguished as a person with a principal function of fire suppression, whether in a career or volunteer capacity. NIOSH also further defines on-duty as:
--a wildland fire or non-fire activity
--the act of responding to or returning from a wildland fire; performing other officially assigned wildland fire or wildland fire fighter duties
--being on call, under orders, or on standby duty, other than at one’s own home or place of business, and
--events covered under the Hometown Heroes Survivors’ Benefits Act of 2003.
As deaths and incident details are received from the three data sources, they’re entered into the NIOSH surveillance system, sometimes after follow-up to reconcile conflicting information.
Drawing on the three data sources, the NIOSH surveillance system has identified 247 wildland fire fighter deaths that occurred between 2001 and 2012.
Already, the strength of combining data sources is suggested by what NIOSH found when comparing its injury count to those of the individual data sources. NIOSH reports that 181 of the 247 deaths (73%) were captured by all three data sources, while 31 of the deaths (13%) were commonly identified two data sources, and 35 deaths (14%) were identified in one source only.
Moving forward, the payoff of the surveillance system will be determined by how effectively it can be used by partners who can leverage the data to target high risk practices or populations, identify training needs, promote protective factors, evaluate prevention outcomes, inform policy, or contribute in other ways to the ultimate goal of reducing wildland fire fighter deaths. | https://community.nfpa.org/community/fire-break/blog/2017/03/13/ |
Well defined and secured private property rights are the foundation stones of a civilized society. They allow for peaceful cooperation and exchange, creating a business environment that is conducive to investment, innovation and growth. Uncertainty arising from the lack of security of property rights or its lax enforcement pushes entrepreneurs to look for other, more informal ways of securing their property, contributing to widespread clientele networks in which politicians in power protect property rights only for those entrepreneurs that engage with them in exchange for pecuniary and political support. Insecure property rights thus are a trait of an unconsolidated democratic or autocratic regime.
WELL DEFINED PROPERTY RIGHTS ARE THE FOUNDATION STONES OF A CIVILIZED SOCIETY.
There is a clear regional difference in the security of property rights across Europe. On one hand, private property is more secure in the advanced European countries grouped in EU15, while the Western Balkan countries lie on the other end of the distribution, with CIS and EU11 countries somewhere in between. However, we need to take the value of this indicator with a grain of salt, since some sources (most prominently the World Bank and its Doing Business Report) focus more on the text of the law and not on its practical implementation, whether that is genuine and to what an extent. There is nothing easier than introducing a new law without actually implementing it.
The level of property rights security is bound by other important systemic traits of society at question: the nature of its political system and its balance of political power. In countries where there are effective controls on the executive power, property rights are more secure and vice versa. Therefore, the overall level of property rights protection relies on an intricate interplay between political and societal stakeholders and its sustained improvement can only be possible with a change in these underlying conditions.
PROTECTION OF PROPERTY RIGHTS RELIES ON AN INTRICATE INTERPLAY BETWEEN MANY STAKEHOLDERS IN SOCIETY.
It is not surprising, then, that there are few significant changes over time. The most important improvements have been recorded in Georgia, followed by Romania, Slovenia, Tajikistan, and Russia. The stellar performance of Georgia is due to the significant rise in values of the Judicial Independence and Protection of Property Rights indicators by the Global Economic Forum. The same could be said for Romania. At the same time, most of the score increase in Slovenia is attributed to the reduction in the time necessary to register a purchase of real property. Only in Tajikistan was there an increase across the whole set of indicators. There was also a broad increase across many indicators in Russia, but with a worsening performance in the legal enforcement of contracts.
There are many different forms by which the insecurity of property rights is exposed. One is by direct political control over court decisions, followed by somewhat clear court preference towards state owned companies or big corporations with political backing; it can be more subtle when courts are overwhelmed by the sheer number of backlogged cases so that their procedures become exhaustingly long. Corruption always remains an issue, including in state institutions such as the land registry, but new technologies and the dissemination of notary services have limited its scope.
There are opportunities but also threats regarding the security of property rights in countries at hand, which differ from region to region, or country to country. The process of EU integration can prove to be an important catalyst for improvements in the Western Balkans if it continues, since it would support institutional development and a deconcentration of political power. In Ukraine, deep political changes provided a window of opportunity for bold reforms (including the recent land market development), but the rest remains at crossroads.
THE LOOMING POPULIST THREAT COULD UNDERMINE PRIVATE PROPERTY RIGHTS THROUGH DISMANTLING OR WEAKENING THE EXISTING INSTITUTIONAL CHECKS AND BALANCES.
At the same time, the populist threat that is looming in several CEE and WB countries can undo many improvements by dismantling institutional checks and balances that have not yet passed the test of time. The non-oil CIS countries need to acknowledge the fact that there is no sustainable economic growth without private property rights. But their introduction would create social groups not dependent on the state and thus enable their existence outside of the operating clientele network, which could challenge the established political order. This interplay between different groups that govern or want to govern power structures will determine the outcome of property rights in each country. | https://esee.fnst.org/content/security-property-rights-10-years-freedom-barometer |
This event is free and open to all.
Binghamton University alumni and faculty with expertise and experience in public policy, lobbying, voter engagement, advocacy and public opinion will be the speakers for this year’s Homecoming TIER Talks. Among other topics, the speakers will explore current public opinion and what matters most to voters, how people can advocate before and after elections for causes they feel passionate about, the work of lobbyists and how it has evolved, and political trends we are likely to see going forward.
Speakers:
Daniel Magleby
Associate Professor of Political Science, Binghamton University
Magleby received his PhD from The University of Michigan in 2011. From 2011-13, he was a post-doctoral fellow in the Political Institutions and Public Choice program at Duke University where he was also a visiting assistant professor in the political science department. His research interests focus on American political institutions, particularly Congress, parties and polarization. He joined the Binghamton University faculty in the fall of 2013 and teaches courses on the U.S. Congress, the presidency, parties and interest groups in American politics. See more.
Perry Ochacher ’84
Founder and President, Willett Public Affairs
Perry Ochacher has a career spanning both the public and private sectors as an attorney, political consultant and legislative lobbyist. Prior to launching Willett Public Affairs in 2018, he served as partner, managing partner, senior vice president and counsel to several high-profile Albany lobbying firms (most recently at State & Broadway) providing strategic legal, legislative and communications counsel to clients in the healthcare, transportation, insurance, real estate, retail, financial services, racing and gaming, construction, and telecommunications industries. Ochacher has lectured frequently on various topics related to lobbying and public policy and has authored and co-authored several articles on the legal and business aspects of lobbying, as well as an array of other legal subjects. See more.
Nicole Yearwood ’97, MPA ’98
Founder and CEO, Educated Voter
Yearwood's activism began as a sophomore at Binghamton, when the governor of New York threatened to cut funding to the Tuition Assistance Program (TAP). Not long after she was voting age, she understood how elected officials have an impact on our daily existence in ways in which we are not always aware. Yearwood decided to obtain a Master of Public Administration degree and enter the field of government and politics. She became active in student government, a leader of student-run entities, and was a student representative on University boards until she obtained her graduate degree. She has volunteered and worked on several city, state and national political campaigns. In 2004, Nicole was elected as a delegate to the Democratic National Convention. Subsequently, she worked in Philadelphia for Pennsylvania's coordinated campaign. For almost nine years, she was director of government relations for a non-profit that provides free programs in all five boroughs of New York City. Because of the relationship between voting and the decennial census, she took a position with the U.S. Census Bureau to ensure a complete and accurate count of historically hard to count communities. See more. | https://www.binghamton.edu/alumni/connect/homecoming/tier-talks-2022.html |
The process in the rock cycle which forms shale is called compaction. The fine particles that compose shale can remain suspended in water long after the larger particles of sand have deposited. Shales are typically deposited in very slow moving water and are often found in lakes and lagoonal deposits, in river deltas, on floodplains and offshore from beach sands. They can also be deposited in sedimentary basins and on the continental shelf, in relatively deep, quiet water.
'Black shales' are dark, as a result of being especially rich in unoxidized carbon. Common in some Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata, black shales were deposited in anoxic, reducing environments, such as in stagnant water columns. Some black shales contain abundant heavy metals such as molybdenum, uranium, vanadium, and zinc. The enriched values are of controversial origin, having been alternatively attributed to input from hydrothermal fluids during or after sedimentation or to slow accumulation from sea water over long periods of sedimentation.
Fossils, animal tracks/burrows and even raindrop impact craters are sometimes preserved on shale bedding surfaces. Shales may also contain concretions consisting of pyrite, apatite, or various carbonate minerals.
Shales that are subject to heat and pressure of metamorphism alter into a hard, fissile, metamorphic rock known as slate. With continued increase in metamorphic grade the sequence is phyllite, then schist and finally gneiss.
Historical mining terminology
Before the mid-19th century, the terms slate, shale and schist were not sharply distinguished. In the context of underground coal mining, shale was frequently referred to as slate well into the 20th century.
See also
- Bakken Formation
- Barnett Shale
- Bearpaw Formation
- Burgess Shale – Rock formation in the Canadian Rockies with exceptional preservation of fossils' soft parts
- Marcellus Formation
- Mazon Creek fossil beds – Conservation lagerstätte in Illinois on the National Register of Historic Places
- Oil Shale
- Shale gas
- Wheeler Shale
- Wianamatta Shale
References
- Blatt, Harvey and Robert J. Tracy (1996) Petrology: Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic, 2nd ed., Freeman, pp. 281–292 ISBN 0-7167-2438-3
- "Rocks: Materials of the Lithosphere – Summary". prenhall.com. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
- Herbert, Bucksch (1996). Dictionary geotechnical engineering: English German. Springer. p. 61. ISBN 978-3540581642.
- R. Zangerl and E. S. Richardson (1963) The paleoecologic history of two Pennsylvanian shales, Fieldiana Memoirs v. 4, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago
- J.D. Vine and E.B. Tourtelot (1970). "Geochemistry of black shale deposits – A summary report". Economic Geology. 65 (3): 253–273. doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.65.3.253.
- R.M. Coveney (1979). "Zinc concentrations in mid-continent Pennsylvanian black shales of Missouri and Kansas". Economic Geology. 74: 131–140. doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.74.1.131.
- R.M. Coveney (2003) "Metalliferous Paleozoic black shales and associated strata" in D.R. Lenz (ed.) Geochemistry of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks, Geotext 4, Geological Association of Canada pp. 135–144
- H.D. Holland (1979). "Metals in black shales – A reassessment". Economic Geology. 70 (7): 1676–1680. doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.74.7.1676.
- R. W. Raymond (1881) "Slate" in A Glossary of Mining and Metallurigical Terms, American Institute of Mining Engineers. p. 78.
- Albert H. Fay (1920) "Slate" in A Glossary of the Mining and Mineral Industry, United States Bureau of Mines. p. 622. | https://zims-en.kiwix.campusafrica.gos.orange.com/wikipedia_en_all_nopic/A/Shale |
A RECORD-breaking US rock climber plunged 1,000ft to his death off a Mexican mountain on Wednesday – after failing to tie a crucial knot in his rope.
Brad Gobright, 31, was rappelling down the sheer El Sendero Luminoso rock face at El Potrero Chico, near Monterrey, when he tragically slid off the end of his line.
Brad Gobright, pictured scaling a different mountain, fell 1,000ft to his death from El Sendero Luminoso on Wednesday[/caption]
He had been scaling down the renowned cliff with Aiden Jacobson, 26, when he reportedly misjudged the length of rope he had left beneath him.
Gobright had only met Jacobson on the day of his death after posting an appeal for a climbing partner on Instagram the night before.
Jacobson, who was sharing the 260m rope with Gobright for the simultaneous rappel, miraculously survived after landing in a bushy crevice on the 2,500ft cliff.
Describing the harrowing moment they both began falling, Jacobson told Outside: “I was on the left. He was on the right.
‘I SCREAMED. HE SCREAMED’
“Then all of a sudden I felt a pop and we started dropping.
“It was basically a blur. I screamed, he screamed.
“I went through some vegetation, and then all I remember is seeing is his blue Gramicci shirt bounce over the edge.”
The pair had misjudged how much rope was left beneath them, according to Jacobson – who was left with only a broken ankle from his fall.
He claimed Gobright slipped off the end of his side of the rope after failing to tie life-saving stopper knots in it – which would have been a guide to how much he had left to rappel down.
Gobright was hailed as one of the world’s most accomplished rock climbers[/caption]
Aiden Jacobson, 26, (left) survived the fall and was left with only a broken ankle[/caption]
Gobright, pictured on another terrifying climb, failed to tie a knot on the end of his rope – causing him to slip off the end[/caption]
SLIPPED FROM ROPE
Gobright slipped from his side of the rope causing Jacobside, who was strapped to the other side, to also plunge, according to the surviving climber.
It’s thought Gobright may have neglected to tie a stopper knot on the end of his rope to stop the rope getting stuck.
Mexico’s Nuevo Leon state civil defense office said Gobright fell about 300 meters (984ft).
Gino Negrinni, a Costa Rican climber who was on the mountain at the same time, said he heard the climbers’ chilling screams as they plummeted, according to Rock And Ice magazine.
Gobright is believed to have landed near the bottom of the cliff on a ledge kown as Skull Amptheaer, according to the mag – which hailed him as “one of the most accomplished free solo climbers in the world.”
VETERAN CLIMBER
The veteran climber, of Orange County, California, had been scaling cliffs since he was seven and held multiple speed ascent records.
Among his biggest achievements was his October 2017 speed record for ascending the Nose route of El Capitan in Yosemite National Park.
That climb is considered one of the world’s most technical and dangerous in the world.
He and climbing partner Jim Reynolds raced up the nearly vertical, 2,900ft rock face in just two hours and 19 minutes.
Previous record holder Alex Honnold wrote an emotional tribute to Gobright, saying the climbing world had lost a “true light”.
He wrote on Instagram: “I suppose there’s something to be said about being safe out there and the inherent risks in climbing but I don’t really care about that right now.
MOST READ IN US NEWS
“I’m just sad for Brad and his family. And for all of us who were so positively affected by his life. So crushing. | https://starspost.com/record-breaking-climber-31-plunges-1000ft-to-his-death-off-mexican-mountain-after-failing-to-tie-crucial-knot-in-rope/ |
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Socioemotional Wealth and Its Effect on Family Firm Performance
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Author(s):
Juili Milind Ballal (Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India) and Varadraj Bapat (Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India)
Copyright:
2020
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Source title:
Handbook of Research on the Strategic Management of Family Businesses
Source Author(s)/Editor(s):
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Abstract
Family firm is the oldest and the most prevalent type of business entity in the world. A unique feature that sets apart a family business from its non-family counterparts is the Socioemotional Wealth (SEW). Preservation of SEW among family firms is of paramount importance. Various strategic choices including need for innovation and internationalization are influenced by SEW. Studies also show that a family firm's SEW plays an influential role in the firm performance. The This chapter outlines the different scales used to measure SEW, checks the reliability and internal consistency of the existing REI scale in Indian context, investigates the heterogeneity of family firms and understands the effect of different SEW dimensions on firm performance. The findings reveal that SEW has a significant positive effect on firm performance. Contributions of the study and scope for future research are also discussed.
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In the first of a two-book set, Stapleton brings to life both well-known biblical characters and those that are less studied. However, each figure is laid out in a lovely and clear way that allows all readers to be able to understand how God works all things together for good.
Although this book is geared for younger learners, it contains timeless truths that can encourage young and mature Christians alike. This book is laid out more as a devotional that lays out a short snapshot of a specific character that ends with questions and Bible readings that encourages deeper study. It is a fantastic way to put these stories into a wider context of God’s overall story of redemption. For instance, the snapshot of Eve’s bad decision takes you to Revelation to read about the devil as the serpent. At multiple points in this book, the stories cause you to read in both the Old and New Testaments.
For those with young children or leading any type of children’s teaching, this book promotes excellent biblical literacy that allows children to think about the consequences of their actions in a whole new way.
As a Christian of 20 years, I even found myself underlining multiple parts of this book finding encouragements and new insights through Stapleton’s retelling of timeless truths.
You can read my review of the second volume in the set here. Both volumes are available to purchase from Christian Focus. | https://books.freechurch.org/posts/2020-06-18-good-choices-bad-choices |
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a multi-wheel type vehicle capable of stabilizing behaviors of a vehicle body when an impact force is input from one of a plurality of wheels.
SOLUTION: A multi-wheel type vehicle 1 includes: a frame 5; a swing arm 6 at which one end part 6a side is supported on the frame 5; a wheel 4 fitted on the other end part 6b of the swing arm 6; and interlocking means 7 interlocking a tilting motion of the swing arm 6. The wheel 4 includes a first wheel 4A and a second wheel 4B arranged in the horizontal direction. The swing arm 6 includes a first swing arm 6A on which the first wheel 4A is fitted and a second swing arm 6B on which the second wheel 4B is fitted. The interlocking means 7 includes an interlocking member 8 for interlocking the first swing arm 6A and the second swing arm 6B to be vertically staggered. The interlocking member 8 has a first impact absorbing part 9A absorbing an impact force input from the first wheel 4A and a second impact absorbing part 9B absorbing an impact force input from the second wheel 4B.
SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7 | |
Copyright © The Korean Vacuum Society.
Seoung-Woong Parka , b , Yong Jun Joa , Sukang Baea , Byung Hee Hongb , and Seoung-Ki Leea , *
aFunctional Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
bDepartment of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
Correspondence to:E-mail: [email protected]
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) have been identified as excellent platforms for developing the next-generation commercial flexible logic devices and sensors, owing to their outstanding mechanical, optical, and electrical properties. The TMDCs can be used to produce novel form-factors for wearable electronic devices. Typically, synthesis of large-scale TMDC thin film have been achieved by complexity vacuum-based approach. Therefore, it is essential to develop a simple and effective method to boost-up mass production of TMDC thin films on a large scale upon arbitrary substrates. In this regard, the solution-based TMDC synthesis method is advantageous because it proposes a simplification of the fabrication processes and an easy scaling-up of the material with a non-vacuum system. In this review, we summarize the evolution of the solution-based thin-film preparation and synthesis of the TMDCs; subsequently, we discuss the merits and drawbacks of the recently developed methods to form TMDC thin films directly from the deposited precursor. Finally, we discuss the practical applications of the TMDC thin films, which demonstrate the feasibility of their commercialized applications in electronic devices and sensors.
Keywords: Transition metal dichalcogenide, Large-scale synthesis, Solution-based process, Transistor, Sensor, Hydrogen evolution reaction
Two-dimensional (2D) materials provide a versatile platform for investigating various electronic and optoelectronic phenomena. Since the exfoliated graphene was demonstrated in 2004, 2D materials have been one of the central research topics in the last two decades in the field of material science , physics , and electronics, [3,4] providing. Various merits and applications of 2D materials have been verified through numerous analytical methods. In the next step, the synthesis of large-area 2D materials for their commercialization has become the focus of subsequent investigations. Bae et al. developed the method of scaling-up of graphene, grown up to 30 inches by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Since then, various progressive strategies have been introduced for the production of highquality graphene, even by companies, such as Sony and Samsung . The successful scalability of graphene boosted the mass production of other 2D materials, which belong to the family of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) . The TMDCs, which have semiconducting characteristics, are preferred as the target materials for developing the next-generation electronic devices because of their unique properties, such as direct or indirect band gap modulation , quantum-confinement , transparency , and flexibility . Therefore, the uniform synthesis of TMDCs on a large-scale is important to accelerate their mass production [13,14]. Large-area TMDC thin films can be successfully fabricated via CVD, which can be used to grow vertically or horizontally stacked heterostructures [15–17]. However, the CVDbased synthesis is limited by several factors, such as the requirement of high temperatures (≈ 1000 ℃), difficulties in modulating the deposited film thickness to a desired value, and long processing time, which cause delay in the material preparation . Recently, solutionphase deposition methods have been reported, which have several technical advantages, such as relatively low processing temperature , compatibility with various substrates, including polymer film (e.g. polyimide (PI)) , easily controlled layer thickness , rapid synthesis, and scalability with the help of existing coating techniques . Recently, the lithography-free approach has been developed to form patterns directly on a TMDC film [22–24]. In this paper, we review an industrially applicable solution-based TMDC synthesis method, involving trial and error of the solution-phase deposition and its underlying mechanisms. Further, we discuss the corresponding applications, such as in transistors, sensors, and diodes, in detail. The achievements of the advanced synthesis method include large-scale fabrication of novel TMDC thin films for industrial applications.
Solution-phase synthesis of TMDC thin film is generally performed in several steps: the preparation of a precursor solution, deposition of the precursor, and conversion of the precursor’s chemical structure. The thickness or uniformity of the synthesized TMDC film can be adjusted by controlling the precursor concentration, solution composition, and coating environment. In this section, we review the development of various deposition and synthesis methods for fabricating TMDC thin films.
The solution-deposited TMDC compounds are usually synthesized by thermolysis of a precursor [A]
For example [Fig. 1(a)], synthesis of MoS2 requires an ammonium thiomolybdate ([NH4]2[Mo3S13•2H2O]) precursor and a two-step ther- molysis . The precursor dissolves in a solvent as an anion [Mo3S13]2- and a cation [NH4]2+. In the first step, at temperatures 120 ≤
As an alternative precursor, ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATM, [NH4]2MoS4) is used to facilitate thermal decomposition for the fabrication of the MoS2 film [Fig. 1(b)]. In the ATM structure, [NH4]2 is a cation; Mo maintains the bonding as the center of the pre- cursor, and S4 maintains the precursor structure. Prior to the two-step thermolysis, ATM is deposited on a specific substrate and all residual solvents are removed by heating at 100 ℃. Next, amorphous MoS3 is synthesized at 120 ≤
The Raman spectral characteristics are generally used to analyze the intrinsic property of the TMDCs (MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, WSe2, and etc). Liu et al. [12,27] comparatively analyzed the Raman spectrum of the thermally decomposed MoS2 films on sapphire substrate, under Ar and Ar+S atmosphere. Figure 1(c) shows two representative Raman absorption peaks, which are ascribed to the E1 and A1g modes of the MoS2 vibration. The E1 2g mode reflects the in-plane vibration and A1g mode reflects the out-of-plane vibration of the MoS2 as the difference in the energy level of electron from Raman absorption. A higher intensity of the Raman peak implies a better quality of the MoS2 film. Therefore, the sulfur gas aids in the filling of the sulfur vacancy, thereby enhancing the quality of the MoS2 film during thermolysis. In Fig. 1(d), the frequency difference between the A1g and E1 2g modes (∆ω=ωA1g-ωE2g) can be used to identify the number of layers of the synthesized MoS2 [Fig. 1(d), bottom]. The Raman mode spacing is considerably narrow (∆ω ≈ 25 cm−1), which indicates that the MoS2 film is composed of five layers; a mono layer has ∆ω ≈ 16.5 cm−1 [28,29]. As the number of layers of the synthesized MoS2 approaches one, this synthesized monolayer develops a direct band gap and has optical properties; it absorbs light of a specific wavelength (672 nm). Figure 1(e) shows the photoluminescence (PL) of a tri-layer MoS2 film, thermally decomposed on a sapphire substrate. The PL peaks also exhibit a stronger intensity when Ar+S gas mixture is injected; the result indicates that a MoS2 film of better quality is formed. Next, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was conducted to identify the chemical composition of the thermally decomposed MoS2 film [Fig. 1(f)]. The Mo 3d shows two peaks at 229.3 and 232.5 eV, which are attributed to Mo 3d5/2 and S 2s peaks, indicating that the chemical composition of the MoS2 film exists during the 2H phase formation. The S 2p peaks, shown in the inset, indicate the intra- molecular bonding of divalent sulfide ions (S2-). Accordingly, the two distinguished peaks are observed approximately at 163.3 and 162 eV, corresponding to the S 2p1/2 and S 2p3/2 orbital splits. As a result, it is possible to verify the intrinsic chemical composition of MoS2 through the thermolysis of [NH4]2MoS4. Additionally, the thickness modulation of a synthesized MoS2 film can be demonstrated by adjusting the concentration of the ATM precursor . Figure 1(f) shows the atomic force microscopy (AFM) image of a MoS2 thin film, synthesized through a two-step thermolysis reaction with different concentrations of ATM precursor. Thus, a MoS2 thin film, with one (0.65 nm) to a few layers (3.2 nm), can be synthesized by a two-step thermolysis method.
To synthesize a TMDC film from a solution on an arbitrary substrate (
Figure 2(a) illustrates the spin-coating strategy to obtain wafer- scale MoS2 thin films through the dissolution of (NH4)2MoS4 in n- methylpyrolidone (NMP) . Spin coating is widely used to deposit photoresists during the semiconductor manufacturing; the coating thickness can be controlled easily by varying the rotation speed. Therefore, using the spin coating method, the precursor film thickness can be controlled by varying the concentration of the solution and rotating speed, thereby yielding precisely tuned mono-/bi-/tri-layers of the thermally decomposed MoS2 film. Spin coating is advantageous for thickness control; however, only one solvent is used; therefore, the wetting of a substrate is low. As a result, the viscosity or surface tension of a precursor cannot be controlled easily. Therefore, this method is useful only to synthesize TMDC films on a relatively small scale.
Yang
Although the solution-engineered precursor deposition method increases the film area, this method has several drawbacks, such as low production yield, differences in the crystal growth depending on the substrate, and high production cost. Owing to these limitations, Lim
To use a TMDC thin film in a practical electronic device, the fabricated film should be isolated to form a source–drain array. Therefore, a TMDC pattern is typically fabricated via the additional photolithography or oxygen plasma treatment-based mask process. To simplify this process, the precursor deposition and synthesis methods have been developed to form TMDC patterns directly, without the additional patterning step. Lee
Later, Lee
Park
TMDC thin films obtained from a solution (e.g., MoS2, WS2, WSe2) can be synthesized on a large scale using simple thermal decomposition processes and therefore have a variety of applications in electronic devices. In this section, we review the electronic devices and sensors that have been developed by using the solution-based synthesis methods.
One of the key characteristics of a TMDC thin film is its semiconducting property. A TMDC thin film has a tunable band gap depending on the number of its layers [35,36]. Liu
Shifting the perspective to the optoelectronic properties of the solution-based MoS thin films, Lim
Furthermore, Lee
Another solution-based TMDC application has attracted considerable attention in the field of catalysis. Deng
The previously reported methods of TMDC-based strain sensor fabrication used thin films grown using CVD, with several subsequent photolithography steps to pattern the strain gauge [41,42]. Park
Direct-pattern formation by photothermal decomposition is used to fabricate self-powering haptic sensors that use an MoS2 active layer. Park
This review covers a wide range of large-scale, inexpensive, and simple methods for synthesizing TMDC thin films from solutions with direct-pattern formation, in addition to elucidating their practical applications. Various precursor deposition methods have been developed to increase the film area and modulate the solution composition, which yields the appropriate coating conditions for large-scale fabrication. Thus, the thickness of the TMDC film is easily modulated by adjusting the precursor concentration. Notably, direct formation of the TMDC patterns is also achieved using the solution-phase pre- cipitation and photothermal decomposition. These processes yield vertically stacked TMDC-based heterostructures, without complex processing steps. The synthesis of TMDCs from solutions can be practically applied to readily fabricate devices, such as FETs, photo- detectors, HER catalysts, diodes, and mechanical sensors.
However, the TMDC thin film synthesis method covered in this review is still problematic to be applied to high performance electronic devices because of the small TMDC grain size. Therefore, the development of another methodology for the mass production of highly crystallinity of TMDC thin films is crucial for their applications in the semiconductor industry and researches.
This research was supported by the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Institutional Program and supported by the Tech-nology Innovation Program (20011317) funded by the Ministry of Trade Industry & Energy. | https://www.e-asct.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.5757/ASCT.2020.29.6.133 |
It is no secret that the media plays a major role in how the general public perceives complex social issues. In identifying current media framing around the foster care system, we can work toward shifting coverage to improve understanding and increase support for transition age youth. In two recent reports, FrameWorks Institute looks at how effective storytelling can make a difference.
The first report, entitled “Telling a New Coming-of-Age Story: Mapping the Gaps between Expert and Public Understandings of Transition Age Youth,” focuses on communicating thoughtfully about transition age youth, specifically highlighting the unique challenges and opportunities these individuals face in young adulthood. Understanding how the public currently thinks about the foster care system is vital to framing related stories in a way that audiences can understand and, ultimately, support.
“If communicators know how the public thinks about transition age youth, they can tell a new story that has the power to help the public better understand and support this important group.”
For example, some of the top solutions presented by the general public surveyed in the FrameWorks study are “love and support” and “building life skills.” These are relatively vague solutions when presented alone, but they can be a great starting point for discussion when put in the context of the entire system, highlighting the policies and programs that can truly support transition age youth.
More research must be conducted in this space, but FrameWorks Institute offers the following initial recommendations for communicators looking to tell this coming-of-age story in a responsible way that resonates with the public:
- Lead with the potential, not the struggles, of adolescence.
- Offer clear definitions.
- Explain the basics of the foster care system.
- Avoid crisis messaging.
- Emphasize that transitioning out of the foster care system is a process that should extend over several years.
- Tell stories that place transition age youth in context.
- Use concrete examples of effective interventions and policies.
The second report, entitled “Stuck in Crisis: Media and Organizational Discourse on Foster Care and Transition Age Youth,” addresses the frames and storytelling techniques currently used by the media covering issues relating to the foster care system, analyzing the implications this has on public attitudes.
It was found that almost 50 percent of articles covering the foster care system employ crisis messaging, focusing on the challenges faced by the system and its players. This is harmful because “…crisis messaging without clear and consistent explanations of solutions leaves the public with the sense that such problems can’t be fixed.” For this reason, we must shift the “system in crisis” narrative to solutions while reinforcing that transition age youth are people, not just the systems they represent. An example offered by FrameWorks Institute is a story on how the system is underfunded, highlighting the role of resources and systems in supporting transition age youth, while pointing to tangible, actionable solutions.
Here are key recommendations for journalists covering the foster care system:
- Frame foster care as a social issue.
- Rebalance the discussion about outcomes.
- Provide examples of effective interventions and programs.
- Explain the unique challenges faced by transition age youth and how they can be overcome.
- Continue to elevate the voices and perspectives of those with foster care experience – in the right ways.
- Highlight disparities in the foster care system and explain why they exist.
- Place individual stories in a systemic context.
Together, we can shift the narrative around the foster care system so the public gets the full story of transition age youth working toward becoming thriving and self-sufficient adults. | https://www.hiltonfoundation.org/news/our-news/leading-with-solutions-reframing-the-story-of-transition-age-youth-in-foster-care |
Research shows that children with cerebral palsy experience significant improvements in respiratory function when taught to perform incentive spirometer exercise.
The research team recruited 50 children with cerebral palsy who were randomly assigned to either the experimental or the control group. Both groups underwent comprehensive rehabilitation therapy, but only children in the experimental group used a flow-oriented incentive spirometer, with children being encouraged to use the device for 10 to 15 breaths per session. In total, they underwent 10 sessions per day over a course of four weeks.
Children’s outcomes were measured with the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)-66 for monitoring improvements in motor function. A pulmonary function test was performed during the resting period — the period after physical and occupational therapy and ISE.
The authors observed that while children in the incentive spirometer exercise group had significant improvements in several parameters concerning lung function, including forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC ratio, as well as in maximal phonation time, those in the control group showed no significant beneficial changes.
The results suggested that incentive spirometer exercise increases both pulmonary function and breath control for speech production in children with cerebral palsy. | https://rtmagazine.com/products-treatment/diagnostics-testing/diagnostics/in-kids-cerebral-palsy-incentive-spirometer-exercise-appears-improve-respiratory-function/ |
Sunday, August 21, 2016
Sunday Top 10 - Unheralded Rookies Who Could Make an Impact in 2016-17
I
mention this every time that I write this piece, but it truly is one of
my favourites to write and look back on. This annual article looks at
some of the rookies who could make an impact in the OHL next year. And
by that I mean players not selected in the Import Draft or the recent
priority draft. I'm talking about 1999 (possibly even '98) born players
who should finally crack their respective teams this year. The list of
successful players of this ilk is long (see Mark Scheifele, Remi Elie,
Matt Clark, Trevor Carrick, Travis Dermott, Zach Senyshyn, Nic Hague, Boris Katchouk, etc).This year, I'm going with more than 10 because there are a lot of talented players who look set to make a larger impact. The list is divided by position.In addition to my write ups, I've also included brief scouting reports from the guys over at TheScout.ca, in addition to a couple other great minds who see the Tier 2 ranks often (Steven Ellis, Mike Mackley and Conor Mulligan). Also have one contributor who wishes to remain anonymous.Thanks to the following (and give them a follow on twitter)Andrew Sykes (@ASykes_hockey)Matt Grainda (@graindaiv)Mike Mackley (@Macker61)Steven Ellis (@StevenEllisNHL)Conor Mulligan (@ConorMulliganFC)Here's the list (sorted by position and alphabetical order):
Goaltenders
Brendan Bonello - Saginaw SpiritAnother '99 who struggled in limited OHL action, but the 45th overall pick in 2015 was excellent for the OJHL's Toronto Jr. Canadiens. The 6'2 netminder will enter the 2016/17 season as the back-up to Evan
Cormier, but if Cormier continues to battle consistency issues, he
could see his playing time increase (if he performs well).Scouting Report: "Arguably the top goaltender available in the 2015 OHL Draft, Brandon Bonello displays all the attributes one would desire in a high end, OHL starting caliber goaltender. A butterfly style goaltender with intimidating size and strong technical skills, Brandon Bonnello combines a high level of athleticism with his strong physical attributes to become very tough to beat. A goaltender who takes away a large amount of the net, Bonnello displays quick reflexes along with strong lateral movements and an ability to make quality desperation saves. While Bonnello argubably could show better control when moving post to post as he does lose his net at times, he has begun to play his angles much better and has improved in his areas of weakness. An extremely poised young goaltender with exceptional puck handling abilities, Bonnello can act as a third defensemen at times and is noticeably vocal with his teammates, showing a level of maturity some young goaltenders don’t yet possesses." (Mike Mackley)
Aidan Hughes - Sarnia StingThe 34th overall pick in 2015, Hughes did see some limited time with Sarnia last year (but struggled). He spent the majority of the year with Sarnia of the GOJHL where he posted pretty decent stats for a 17 year old (a barely sub .900 save percentage). Hughes is a hulking goaltender (listed at 6'3, 240lbs by the OHL), and he'll have a chance to earn serious playing time with Sarnia's goaltending situation up in the air.Scouting Report: "May have been the most impressive young goalie for me in the GOJHL's Western Conference this past season, among a list that included 2016 NHL draftee Tyler Wall. Already possesses huge size but is far more than just a big body in the crease. He moves well enough and has fair athleticism for his size, but its his anticipation, positioning and coolness that makes him the quality prospect he is. Plays deeper in his crease but still seems to always be square to the shooter and always in a position to make saves look easy. Swallows shots to the chest and has an excellent glove hand. Like Wall, I think he'll be an NHL draft pick in 2017 regardless of where he plays and regardless of playing time." (Andrew Sykes)
Olivier Lafreniere - Ottawa 67'sA
2014 3rd rounder, Lafreniere has taken some time to develop, but the
6'2 goaltender is coming off a fantastic season in the OJHL with
Wellington (his second year in a row spent there) where he was named to the all 1st prospect team. After moving Liam Herbst to Guelph, the 67's have cleared room for Lafreniere to be the back-up to Leo Lazerev (that is, if Lazerev doesn't make the KHL following his tryout).Scouting Report: "Olivier Lafreniere is a big bodied, butterfly style goaltender who thrives as a puck blocker, relying on his size and reflexes to be effective. A goaltender who is extremely poised between the pipes, Lafreniere displays excellent rebound control along with strong lateral movements and impressive reflexes. While Lafreniere can get caught sitting back in his net, he has shown a much better job at getting to the top of his crease and challenging shooters. Lafreniere challenges shooters and plays his angles well, which allows him to take up large portions of the net and limit the amount of net opposing forwards see. A goaltender who tracks pucks well, Lafreniere fights through screens, showing impressive compete along with a deceptively strong glove hand and intriguing lower body strength. Lafreniere excelled as the starting netminder with the OJHL’s Wellington Dukes throughout the 2015-2016 season and looks primed to take over the net in Ottawa next season." (Mike Mackley)
Jacob McGrath - Sudbury WolvesA recent cut from the Canadian Hlinka team, McGrath has to be considered one of the best '99 goaltenders in Canada. He performed well at camp and is coming off a fantastic season in the OJHL with St. Mike's (where he was named to the prestigious all 2nd prospect team). He could be starting in Sudbury before long.Scouting Report: "It seems like just yesterday that McGrath was putting on a stellar performance at the 2015 OHL Cup final against Don Mills. Now, he’s ready to make his mark in the OHL with the Sudbury Wolves. His OJHL rookie season with a young St. Michael’s Buzzers team had its ups and downs, but he played better than expected for a 16-year-old goalie. McGrath shared the starting duty with overager Mark Manolescu, finishing with a 15-10-0 record. McGrath tends to keep great focus during a game, even after allowing a tough goal. He’s quick and has a very strong glove hand, so there’s no use in shooting towards that hand. It would be great to see him grow a little and learn to use his size a bit more but he’s got the athleticism to make some truly remarkable saves. He’ll act as a solid backup option for the Wolves this year while looking to make a further impact in the years to come." (Steven Ellis)
Anthony Popovich - Guelph StormCertainly not a guarantee to be in Guelph this year, but Popovich is coming off a solid season in the OJHL and looks like the favourite to grab a spot in a wide open goaltending battle for the Strom (with the trade of Van Schubert to Owen Sound). Lafreniere's running mate in Wellington last year, Popovich will likely end up as the back-up behind Liam Herbst next year.Scouting Report: "During the 2014-2015 season Popovich back stopped the Quinte Red Devils to an OMHA championship, sporting a league leading 1.32 goals against average in 34 appearances. He continued his stellar play this season with the Wellington Dukes of the OJHL, where he has toiled in primarily a back up role for the Dukes. Despite the limited appearances, the big, athletic goaltender showed flashes of intriguing netminding talent. A goaltender who moves fairly well in the net and challenges shooters, Popovich plays his angles well boasts a competitive nature. There is much to like about Popovich’s game as the sixteen year old should challenge for a roster spot with the Storm next season." (Mike Mackley)
Luke Richardson - Kitchener RangersRichardson,
too, saw limited time in the OHL last year but struggled. However, in
the GOJHL with Kitchener, Richardson was a stand-out and was ultimately named to the first all star team. On paper, the 6'2 netminder is set
as the 3rd string currently, but I'd imagine that the Rangers will deal
Dawson Carty (thanks to a massive overager logjam) and he'll end up as
Luke Opilka's backup.Scouting Report: "Luke Richardson transitioned from the minor hockey ranks to junior hockey seamlessly. A goaltender that boasts intriguing physical attributes, Richardson also shows a high end skill set between the pipes. An extremely poised and confident young netminder, Richardson uses strong positioning and technical tools to thrive between the pipes. A goaltender who tracks pucks well and fights through screens, Richardson controls rebounds with effectiveness, limiting second chance opportunities. Richardson moves well in the net, remaining under control when moving laterally, squaring up shooters, while playing his angles well. Last season with North Central, Richardson would often back into his goal, rather than challenging shooters, giving the opposition more room to shoot at. As he’s begun to challenge shooters more, he’s achieved much more success. Covering a large portion of the net, while also displaying athleticism and strong technical tools, Richardson continues to become increasingly harder to beat clean." (Mike Mackley)
DefendersEric Allair - North Bay BattalionA hometown boy and a late round selection of the Battalion in 2015, Allair had a quietly solid season in the NOJHL last year with Powassan, where he was the only '99 defender to see significant ice time (in the entire league). North Bay will have some openings on the back-end and Allair will be in the hunt for a 3rd pairing spot.Scouting Report: "A big, physical defensemen with intriguing two-way capabilities, Eric Allair has quickly emerged as one of the Battalion’s better defensive prospects. A strong skater with impressive mobility, Allair possesses both strong edges and an impressive stride that allows him to cover lot of ice i limited amounts of time. A defender who sees the ice well, Allair makes a strong outlet pass along with displaying overall strong decision making abilities in possession. A smart defender, that shows a level of calmness and poise in possession, Allair doesn’t force plays, taking what’s given to him while displaying deceptively good puck skills. An imposing presence in his own zone, Allair shows a willingness to clog shooting lanes along with an active and effective stick and a willingness to engage physically. Allair closes gaps well and shows impressive contain in his own zone." (Mike Mackley)
Ian Blacker - London KnightsOnce thought to be headed the NCAA route (like his brother Ben), Ian has since signed with London and will likely be part of the team's 3rd pairing next season. Like Brahaney, Blacker was recently cut from the Ivan Hlinka team, but he does enter the OHL season with a fair amount of hype (even if his stats with Oakville last year at the OJHL level were not fantastic).Scouting Report: "While the defenseman is very talented, he did have some tough moments during his OJHL rookie season. Whether it be ill-timed penalties or defensive miscues around the net, Blacker had his fair share of moments that made you question him at times. But, with that, Blacker has the raw skills to really make an impact when he jumps to the OHL in 2016-2017, joining the likes of former Oakville Blades AP Evan Bouchard on the blue line. He plays a physical game that can leave opponents wishing they were somewhere else, while using his quick skating to put himself in a position to stop a play from happening. A third-pairing role may be the best option for Blacker as he continues to adapt to the play, but it would be interesting to see how he’d work with a defenseman that is a bit more two-way minded, such as Bouchard or Victor Mete, to allow Blacker to focus more on his own zone. In a year or two, get ready to see him be a big-minute cruncher in the OHL for London." (Steven Ellis)
Jakob Brahaney - Kingston FrontenacsBrahaney is a lock to be with the Frontenacs full time next year, after splitting time between them and Kingston
of the OJHL last year. Brahaney looked good at the Ivan Hlinka camp,
but was cut. Regardless, he has a chance to be a top 4 defender on a, somewhat, rebuilding Kingston team.Scouting Report: "Brahaney is an offensive minded defensemen that skates well and shows intriguing hockey sense, while continuing to develop his skill set at the defensive end of the rink. Possessing strong mobility and impressive foot speed, Brahaney’s skating and vision are arguably his best assets. A defensemen that shows a capability to be an effective puck carrying defensemen, Brahaney also shows an ability to make a strong and crisp outlet pass along with an ability to create offensive from the blue line. A player who can run a power play with effectiveness, Brahaney boasts an impressive point shot along with strong offensive instincts that allow him to make smart an calculated pinches along with strong judgement calls as to when to sneak in from the blue line for an offensive opportunity. A player who transitions up ice well, Brahaney does need to work on his gap control defending the rush along with his awareness in the defensive zone as he can get caught flat footed and puck watching. A trait that was more evident in his time with the Frontenacs, but something that began to improve after joining the OJHL’s Kingston Voyageurs." (Mike Mackley)Fedor Gordeev - Hamilton BulldogsA 3rd round pick of the Bulldogs in 2015, the 6'5 defender could be a factor in Hamilton's lineup next year. Gordeev had an excellent year for Ancaster of the GOJHL, where
he displayed some high end potential. Hamilton has a pretty deep
blueline though, so there is talk that they intend to utilize him as a
forward next year. We'll see how that works out (and if it sticks).Scouting Report: "A player who boasts intriguing physical attributes, Gordeev shows intriguing two-way capabilities. In his own zone Gordeev can be tough to play against, showing a willingness to engage physically, along strong contain and effective stick on puck defense. A defender who separates player from puck and transitions well, Gordeev shows an ability to be an effective puck carrying defensemen. With strong mobility and impressive foot speed, Gordeev can make himself a threat to create offense from the blue line, making smart and calculated pinches along with and ability to sneak down the the middle, catching his defender off guard at the appropriate times. Boasting a powerful point shot, Gordeev looks to be a trigger man on the Bulldogs power play in the near future." (Mike Mackley)Liam Ham - Niagara IceDogsThe former captain of the York Simcoe Express, it was once believed that Ham was headed to the NCAA (with a commitment to Clarkson). But he's changed his tune and has signed with Niagara for next year. The slightly undersized
blueliner had a terrific season with Aurora of the OJHL last year and
figures to be in the mix for a 3rd pairing spot with the IceDogs next
year.Scouting Report: "Ham is a confident, mobile, two-way defender with impressive hockey sense and strong puck skills. A player who is arguably at his best in possession as he shows an ability to dictate the pace of play along with an ability to create offense from the back end. Ham is a defender who shows excellent poise and patience in possession while also showing a calming presence on the blue line and strong decision making abilities. The 5’10 defender shows an ability to be an effective puck carrying defensemen as he possesses excellent foot speed and fluid mobility along with intriguing puck skills that make him shifty and elusive in possession, allowing him to gain entry to the offensive zone with relative ease. With that being said, Ham also moves the puck extremely well, showing impressive vision along with a smooth and accurate outlet pass. Ham transitions up ice well and injects himself into the offensive attack at the appropriate times, making smart and calculated pinches when the opportunity presents itself. Defensively speaking Ham controls the attack well, holding the blue line effectively while also taking away the middle of the ice, forcing the opposition to low percentage areas. A strong positional defender, Ham will engage physically but shows a strength as a stick on puck defender." (Mike Mackley)Ryan Martin - Erie OttersMartin, a 5th rounder in 2015, is an average sized defender who looks to be in the mix for a 3rd pairing spot on the 2016/17 Otters (battling some other 98's and 99's for the job). He's coming off a great year in the GOJHL with St. Mary's where he was named to the all rookie team.Scouting Report: "An intriguing player since his minor hockey days because of his size and effortless, rangy mobility. Made excellent strides from his minor midget season to his first junior season with the St. Mary's Lincolns. Played a safer and more controlled game, playing within himself and letting his natural ability take over. Led his team in scoring among defencemen and finished fourth overall on the club with 28 points in 48 games. Not sure if he'll be a power-play guy at the next level but he did good work quarterbacking the Lincolns power-play by utilizing his length, sharp agility and heady sense of when to get shots to the net. I imagine he'll get a long look and has a good chance to crack the Otters opening night lineup." (Andrew Sykes)
Robert Proner - Saginaw SpiritA big, physical blueliner, Proner (the 30th overall pick in 2015) seems like a lock to come out of the blueline logjam in Saginaw with a permanent line-up spot. Proner is coming off an excellent season for Cambridge of the GOJHL where he nearly led the team in scoring (as a defender) and also led the team in penalty minutes.Scouting Report: "A big bodied, physically imposing defensemen that boasts two-way capabilities along with a noticeable mean streak to his game, Robert Proner is a very appealing prospect. Selected to participate in the 2015-2016 GOJHL Top Prospect game, Proner excelled with the Cambridge Winter Hawks last season. While Proner certainly displays hard to miss two-way traits, he is at his best in his own zone where he displays shut down capabilities. Extremely tough to play against, Proner is aggressive and will punish the opposition along the boards in the corners, often coming away with the puck when engaging in battles in the gritty areas. Proner displays an active and effective stick along with impressive contain in his own zone. While he has no problem engaging physically, he can get drawn out of position looking to make a big hit, which can lead to quality scoring chances for the opposition. Proner displays impressive mobility for a player of his size, along with a powerful stride that allows him to generate deceptively good speed. While Proner does boast intriguing puck skills and shows the capability to gain the offensive zone with his skating abilities he is at his best when he keeps his game simple. A player who sees the ice well, Proner can make a strong first pass and displays an uncanny ability to get his powerful shot through from the point. While Proner is tough to beat 1 on 1 in his own zone, he can struggle in transition as he gets caught flat footed at times, which leads to speedy forwards beating him wide before driving the net for a scoring opportunity. Still Proner boasts high end upside and should be a mainstay on the Spirit back end next season. (Mike Mackley)
Matt Stoia - Oshawa GeneralsSigned last year out of the USHL, Stoia didn't have much of an opportunity to prove himself late in the season. But the '99, 6'0 defender did play a lot of the season with the heralded Compuware program and will come into this coming season as a potential 3rd pairing guy for the Generals.Scouting Report: "Matt Stoia is a pretty big right-handed defenseman who plays a smart two-way game and really enjoys using his offensive tools while looking to make an impact. He’s great at rushing the puck and making a smart first pass, and his situational reads are pretty solid with the biscuit on his blade. He manages the point very well and also made some great plays on the power play throughout the season with the U16 Compuware. His defensive game is solid and he has no fear making the physical play when needed. He played some crossover games with the U18 Compuware team along with the USHL Dubuque Fighting Saints, so he does have some higher level experience already.” (Matt Grainda)Josh Wainman - Erie OttersWainman saw over 20 games with Erie last year, but did spend a ton of time with Lindsay of the OJHL where he put up some nice stats (led the team in defensive scoring). As mentioned earlier with Ryan Martin, Wainman will battle it out for a spot on the Otters' 3rd pairing next season.Scouting Report: "Wainman is a highly intelligent two-way defender with an effectiveness in all three zones. Showing poise beyond his years, Wainman is patient in possession, makes strong reads and rarely commits turnovers. In his own zone Wainman tends to be a strong stick on puck defender, using strong positional play and an active to defender with effectiveness. A defender with strong gap control and a willingness to clog the shooting lanes, Wainman also boasts deceptively good offensive traits. He creates shooting lanes with effectiveness, possesses a strong point shot and see’s the ice well enough to create offense from the back end." (Mike Mackley)
Forwards
Logan Buchanan - Peterborough PetesA 10th rounder by the Petes in 2015, Buchanan spent the majority of the year playing midget with Carleton Place. Because of his strong play, he was rewarded with a call-up to the CCHL team for the playoffs and performed very well, helping the Canadiens win the Fred Page Cup, and even playing in the RBC Cup. He definitely has a chance to earn a roster spot as a checking line player for the Petes next year.Scouting Report: "A bit of a wildcard to find a spot on a deep Petes’ roster, Buchanan had a great season in the U18 league for the Carleton Place Canadians. Due to injuries, he was called up to the Junior A team to join the eventual league champions for a long playoff run. In the post season, Buchanan did not look out of place even scoring a key goal off a faceoff in the Fred Page Cup. Buchanan is a heart and soul breed of forward who is extremely effective away from the puck and is a leader on and off the ice. He’s the type of player that every team wishes they had and could provide some energy in the Petes bottom-6. I was personally surprised last season when he didn’t make the Junior A team last year but he will be expected to be a top player for Carleton Place next season if he doesn’t make the jump to the OHL. I wouldn’t be surprised to see him scooped up by a NCAA team early in the season if he fails to make the Petes roster." (Conor Mulligan)
Shane Bulitka - Sudbury WolvesThe 28th overall pick in 2015, Bulitka spent this past season with Strathroy of the GOJHL where
he averaged a point per game and was named to the all rookie team.
He'll be a full time member of the Wolves this year, likely in a 3rd/4th
line role.Scouting Report: "A very well-rounded player who I've liked a lot since his Minor Midget season with the Elgin-Middlesex Chiefs. Led the Strathroy Rockets in scoring as a rookie and was easily their best and most consistent forward in all facets of the game. Not a flashy player or the quickest skater but combines a very high hockey intellect with efficient skill. Has a nice sense of positioning and anticipation to always be around the puck. Can play down the middle or on the wing with equal success but I think he is a natural center because of how well he reads the ice. His puck-protection ability, play-making vision, versatility, and mental make-up are the reasons why I think he will make a successful jump to the OHL this season with the Wolves." (Andrew Sykes)
Tyler Burnie - Kingston FrontenacsA 5th rounder by Kingston in 2015, Burnie should be able to step into a top 9 role for the rebuilding
Fronts next year. They will need some help scoring and Burnie can do
that, coming off a season with Wellington (OJHL) where he finished 4th
in goal scoring.Scouting Report: "Tyler Burnie is an intelligent, two-way forward with budding power forward capabilities and an impressive skill set. Possessing strong physical attributes, Burnie combines those with a strong skating ability, strong work ethic and deceptively strong puck skills to become a high versatile offensive threat. A player who generates above average speed due to a long, smooth and powerful stride, Burnie can cover a lot of ice in just a few strides. Strong in possession, Burnie’s puck handling abilities along with impressive puck protection skills and size allow him to excel in and through traffic. Tough to contain due to his versatile skill set of size, smarts and skill, Burnie can take over a game in the offensive zone, working the cycle with effectiveness, while also showing a deceptive amount of vision an playmaking skills. A player who knows how to create space for himself, Burnie looks to have a bright future ahead of himself." (Mike Mackley)
Nicholas Campoli - Saginaw SpiritA high scoring forward who nearly averaged a point per game in the OJHL last year (a very respectable feat in the league) with North York. Campoli (if he comes to the OHL) will most certainly have a chance to play a scoring role for Saginaw next year, a team that will look to improve upon a disappointing 2015/16 season.Scouting Report: "A hard worker, Nicholas Campoli was one of the most impressive rookie forwards in the entire OJHL Southwest Conference. A member of the North York Rangers, Campoli scored 12 goals and 34 points in 37 games, enough to attract the attention of the Saginaw Spirit. While he’s not a big player, he skates well and isn’t afraid to get dirty when needed. He’s a buzzsaw around the net and with a bit more seasoning, could really turn into an offensive threat in the OHL." (Steven Ellis)
Oliver Castleman - Niagara IceDogsA bit of a late bloomer, Castleman played in the new CCHL2 last year where he was named the league's top prospect and his team (Casselman) won the league's title. As such, the IceDogs drafted him as a re-entry in the 4th round (was passed over in his initial draft year in 2015) of the recent priority selection. With a lot of forward spots available in Niagara's line-up, Castleman could make the jump in 2016/17.Scouting Report: "Castleman was a player that I saw a lot of this past season as his team (Casselman Vikings) eventually swept mine in a best-of-seven series. Playing on likely one of the best Junior B teams in the country, Castleman scored at over a point-per-game while moving up and down the line-up throughout the season. Niagara can expect a physically mature skilled forward who isn’t afraid to play with an edge. Likely destined for a middle-6 position, Castleman will be relied on to provide secondary scoring. In one of the final games of the season last year, Castleman pounced on a loose puck on the blueline, raced down the ice on a breakaway and snapped a shot top corner which eventually was the game winner. It’s that game breaking ability which will make Castleman a difference maker in the IceDogs line-up." (Conor Mulligan)
Bradley Chenier - North Bay BattalionNo question, the Battalion have high hopes for the reigning NOJHL Rookie of the year. Chenier was not only the highest scoring 17 year old in the league, but he was also the highest scoring player 19 and under, with 72 points. His 72 points as a 17 year old are the most since Matt Caria scored 70 in 11 years ago (and Caria obviously became a pretty damn good OHL player). As far as I can tell, that's actually the most points put up by a 17 year old (and under) in the last 20 years. Chenier could be one to watch in North Bay next year.Scouting Report:
"An impressive year of development in the NOJHL has made him ready for
full-time duty in the OHL. His biggest improvement was in foot speed
which now gives him the quickness needed to be aggressive and close down
the opposition on the next level. Makes quick smart decision with the
puck allowing him to play with higher skill players and translated into
an offensive catalyst role with the Canadians. Not an overly creative or
dynamic player but strong in puck battles allowing him to do the hard
work down low and then quickly move the puck to a teammate in a scoring
position. Possesses a heavy shot and a willingness to drive the net
which will allow him to score sporadically at the next level. Where he
excels is in physical contact and aggression as he is a punishing hitter
that is always around the puck ready to make contact. Good two-way
ability as he is positionally sound, tracks back and aggressive blocking
shots from the point. Doesn't have the highest ceiling but is one of
the most prepared prospects to step into a role and make an impact. He
will thrive and in a hard hitting bottom six role and chip in
sporadically offensively." (Anonymous) "Bradley Chenier is a hard nose, two-way player that brings a deceptive amount of upside to the game. Skating in his first season with the Rayside-Balfour Canadians, Chenier led the NOJHL in rookie scoring. Playing a North/South game, Chenier skates well, possesses good speed and mobility along with strong edges. Chenier is arguably at his best in possession as he displays strong vision and playmaking abilities along with an ability to create space for himself. Strong off the rush, Chenier uses his intriguing puck protection skills and speed to drive the net with authority, while also showing an ability to make plays at high speeds and in tight. A player who works the cycle effectively, Chenier excels below the goal line, grinding it out in the corners and along the half boards. Aggressive on the forecheck, Chenier shows a tenaciousness in puck pursuit and a willingness to engage psychically. Chenier shows strong on ice awareness along with adequate defensive zone play. A player who displays a strong work ethic, Chenier’s compete level is impressive and consistent. Having already appeared in games with the Battalion last season, expect Chenier to be a mainstay with the Troops this season, with an ability to become a complimentary top six winger as a safe projection." (Mike Mackley)
Kody Clark - Ottawa 67'sThe son of the great Wendel Clark, Kody skated with St. Andrew's College last year, a team that was champion of the CISAA. Clark posted solid numbers and has signed on with the Ottawa 67's for next year, where he should get an opportunity to get serious ice time.Scouting Report: "Kody Clark is an intelligent, two-way forward with impressive speed and a quiet but agitating aspect to his game. A player who skates well, Clark possesses an impressive first step, generates above average straight line speed, displays excellent edges and overall mobility. Effective both in possession and away from the puck, Clark shows a high end hockey IQ as he shows strong on ice awareness along with an ability to anticipate the play well. In possession Clark displays impressive puck protection skills which are most notable off the rush and off the cycle as he uses his near explosive first step and strong edges to drive the net with authority. A a player who shows patience in possession, Clark also boasts impressive vision and deceptively good playmaking abilities as his anticipation skills come into play when looking to generate offense. More of a complimentary winger, Clark has an uncanny ability to find soft spots in defensive zone coverage’s which allows him to get off his near lethal shot that comes off a quick release and shows appealing accuracy. A player who shows a willingness to get to the gritty areas off the ice, Clark shows a tenaciousness in puck pursuit and will engage physically, finishing his checks and becoming an agitating presence. A strong positional player, Clark shows an effectiveness in all three zones. As he continues to add strength to a thin frame he will continues to become increasingly more effective." (Mike Mackley)Cal Davis - Niagara IceDogsDavis saw limited action with Niagara last year, spending the majority of the year with Thorold of the GOJHL, where he was an impact player. The 35th overall pick in 2015 will join many other young rookies as they try to earn a permanent spot on the IceDogs this coming season.Scouting Report: "A highly intelligent, offensive minded winger, Cal Davis possesses high end upside. A deceptively strong skater, Davis shows impressive straight line speed, strong edges and an ability to change pace/direction fluidly. A player who plays with excellent pace, Davis shows a confidence in possession, along with an ability to create offense for both himself and teammates. With excellent on ice awareness and anticipation skills, Davis has a knack for finding soft spots in defensive zone coverage’s. A player that boasts separation speed, Davis has an ability to create space for himself to work offensively. Showing excellent vision and high end playmaking skills, Davis shows strong accuracy on his passes along with a deceptively good shot and a nose for the net. While not overly physical, Davis does shows an excellent compete level and work ethic. A player who very rarely takes a shift off, Davis gets to the gritty areas of the ice and shows a shifty an elusiveness to his game in possession." (Mike Mackley)
Ben Evans - Ottawa 67'sAn 8th rounder by Ottawa, Evans
has emerged as a fantastic prospect for the 67's. Playing with Fort
Erie (GOJHL) last year, Evans was the highest scoring '99 in the entire
league. He'll be given every chance to show off his offensive skills in a
top 9 role next year in Ottawa.Scouting Report: "Evans is a highly intelligent, highly competitive, offensive minded forward with intriguing power forward capabilities. A forward blessed with a smooth and powerful stride, Evans generates above average straight line speed and shows an ability play with excellent pace. Offensively speaking Evans is a versatile threat that shows an ability to carry a line, but also an effectiveness as a complimentary winger. In possession Evans shows an impressive amount of offensive creativity and on ice awareness as a pass first centre. For a player who sees the ice extremely well and displays strong playmaking traits, Evans may be a better finisher. The intriguing power forward boasts a high end shot that combines a quick release with strong accuracy and high velocity that often catches goaltenders off guard. A player who is extremely tough to contain in one on one battles and off the rush due to his versatile skill set, Evans shows a willingness to get to the gritty areas of the rink, drives the net with authority and shows a high success rate in the high traffic areas. Overall Evans is a highly appealing offensive threat with the smarts and physical attributes to boot." (Mike Mackley)
Alex Formenton - London KnightsAverage sized forward who had a good year with Aurora of the OJHL, establishing himself as one of London's top forward prospect. With a few graduations, Formenton will get a shot to battle (with some other talented youngsters) for a spot on a checking line.Scouting Report: "A player who boasts strong skating abilities, displaying an explosive first step and high end straight line speed, Formenton works his edges well while showing strong change of pace and direction abilities. In possession Formenton combines his high end skating traits with strong puck skills to become shifty and elusive in possession. Showing quick hands and strong puck control, Formenton shows impressive vision and playmaking skills. Always looking to generate scoring chances in the offensive zone, Formenton works the half boards and cycle well, spinning off checks and driving the net with authority. While his build may be slight and in need of some added muscle, Formenton shows no hesitance to get to the gritty areas of the ice. A player who gets to the high traffic areas and shows an effectiveness in said areas, Formenton plays with with a level of aggressiveness to his game that tends to agitate opponents." (Mike Mackley)Grayden Gottschalk - Oshawa GeneralsA free agent signing by the Generals, Gottschalk is a '98 born, 6'4 forward who played with North York of the OJHL last year. He was 3rd in team scoring and 2nd in goals and will look to establish himself as a checking line player next year in Oshawa.Scouting Report: "After originally landing on the Moncton Wildcats protected list, Grayden Gottschalk found himself signing with the Oshawa Generals on July 1st. The power forward played with the North York Rangers of the OJHL last season, putting up an impressive 42 points in 54 games as one of the team’s better players. Gottschalk impressed scouts with his impressive size and his ability to work hard around the net, causing havoc among the opposing defensemen while being an offensive force. While his skating leaves a lot to be desired, he’s gritty, knows where to be and will add to the offensive output. Expect Gottschalk to play most likely on the third line, adding grit and skill to a rising Generals team." (Steven Ellis)
Nicholas Isaacson - Peterborough PetesIsaacson is a good sized winger who had an excellent year on a young Lindsay (OJHL) team, where he finished 2nd in team scoring (to Cedric Ralph, another player on this list). Peterborough has a deep team heading into next season, but Isaacson should at least play a 3rd/4th line role for them.Scouting Report: "A rangy two-way forward with strong offensive instincts and a high compete level, Nick Isaacson excelled throughout the 2015-2016 season with the Lindsay Muskies of the OJHL. A player who displays impressive hockey sense, Isaacson shows an awareness in all three zones, that allows him to thrive both in possession and away from the puck. While Isaacson does show a combination of competitiveness, smarts and skill his skating is still a bit of a work in progress. Isaacson boasts and long stride and his able to generate good straight line speed, however he lacks fluidity to his stride along with an explosiveness in his first step. With that being said Isaacson can be tough to contain off the rush once he reaches his top speed as he combines impressive puck protection skills with deceptively quick hands to thrive on net drives and in tight. While not overly physical on a consistent bases, Isaacson does show a tenaciousness in puck pursuit and will finishes his checks. A player who transitions up ice well, Isaacson is arguably at his best in tight around the net where he uses his physical attributes along with quick hands and a nose for the net to excel. A player who shows an impressive confidence in possession, Isaacson consistently produced for a weak Lindsay Muskies team last season." (Mike Mackley)Owen Lane - Sudbury WolvesUndersized forward (5'8), Lane was an impact player for Kitchener of the GOJHL last year. Like Bulitka, the early 2015 selection should be a shoe in for a 3rd/4th line role on the Wolves this coming season.Scouting Report: "Lane is an opportunistic scorer who doesn’t need many chances to impact a game. A heady player in the offensive zone who reads the play well and moves smartly away from the puck. Anticipates the flow of the play and gets into pockets of the ice that will enable him to attempt to unleash his elite shot. Can fire the puck from a standstill or off the rush with a lethal release and impressive accuracy. Skating is adequate as he possesses some good jump in his stride, sound first few steps, and strong balance. Is a patient and efficient skater but will need to continue to improve overall quickness and lateral agility. Does a good job of attacking open ice and attempts to do so with bursts of speed and skilled puck-control. Possesses a smooth pair of hands and won’t overhandle the puck often as he is more of an efficient stick-handler as opposed to a tricky dangler. Can be effective in battles along the wall, engaging with determination and having a knack for winning or freeing the puck. Puts pressure on opposing defencemen with good closing speed, using unexpected bursts of energy to surprise defenders on the forecheck. Does however tend to get a little stagnant away from the puck, not moving his feet and not working hard enough to stay close to the play. Can fall into lulls of being a one-and-done rush opportunity player and not making the overall impact that his skill-set is capable of. Size is not a problem right now but how much growth he has left is a question as he seemed to develop early." (TheScout OHL Draft Guide 2015)
Greg Meireles - Kitchener RangersProbably the most hyped player on this list, and with good reason. A 1st
rounder of the Rangers in 2015, Meireles opted to play closer to home
for a year instead of making the jump to the OHL as a 16/17 year old. He
was terrific in the CCHL last year with Ottawa where he was named to the
all rookie team, but was also great in a short stint with Kitchener.
Even though he didn't play a ton, Meireles also suited up for Canada at
the Hlinka. He should be an impact player for the Rangers in 2016/17.Scouting Report: "Always regarded as a top prospect from the Ottawa area, Meireles surprised many when he decided to suit up for the Ottawa Jr Senators of the CCHL this past season. A top team in the CCHL, Meireles had a productive rookie campaign and was a major contributor on the top line posting 35 points in 48 games. Playing in all situations, he quickly adapted to the speed of junior hockey and excelled on a very systems oriented team. The smooth skating center handles the puck extremely well in traffic and is always dangerous when given time and space around the net. He scores a majority of his goals by using his elite speed to find open areas on the ice and winning races to the puck. In his first stint in the Ontario Hockey League, Meireles didn’t look out of place by scoring at almost a point per game pace. The Rangers are expected to be a top team in the Western Conference and Meireles will be a key part of the forward core." (Conor Mulligan) "A high end prospect, Greg Meireles has the capabilities to become a lethal offensive threat in the Ontario Hockey League. Combining elite skating abilities, with high end vision and strong work ethic, Meireles boasts intriguing upside. Boasting an explosive first step, Meireles skating abilities are is best asset. Generating elite straight line speed, strong change of pace and direction abilities and excellent edges, when combined with high end hockey sense and elite puck skills, Meireles is near impossible to contain. A player who sees the ice extremely well and looks to create offense every time he touches the puck, Meireles boasts excellent vision and high end playmaking skills. With that being said Meireles also displays a deceptively good shot, that comes off a quick release and boasts intriguing accuracy. A player who plays with excellent pace and does everything he does well at top speeds, Meireles is relentless in puck pursuit and aggressive on the forecheck. Using his speed to not only create space offensively but force turnovers defensively, Meireles continues to improve his two-way capabilities. Reliable in his own zone, Meireles has quietly add a physical element to his game, which makes him even more intriguing as a prospect." (Mike Mackley)Cedric Ralph - Guelph StormAs previously mentioned, the undersized Ralph led the Lindsay Muskies (OJHL) in scoring last year and as such was named to the all 2nd prospect team. Guelph needs all the scoring help it can get, so he'll have the opportunity to earn a top 6 role at some point next season.Scouting Report: "Ralph had a highly impressive 2015-2016 season with the lowly Lindsay Muskies. Routinely deployed on the clubs top line, Power Play and Penalty Kill, the exuberant amount of ice time Ralph received did wonders for his development. An undersized, skilled forward, Cedric Ralph combines elite speed and impressive hockey sense to be highly effective despite a lack of size. Boasting an explosive first step, Ralph’s long powerful stride allows him to generate elite speed through the neutral zone that when combined with his puck skills and strong change of pace/direction abilities make him extremely shifty and elusive in possession. A player who uses his edges well, Ralph has the ability to dart in and out of traffic in the offensive zone, making him tough to contain. Despite being undersized, Ralph gets to the gritty areas of the ice and shows little hesitation when entering high traffic areas. Showing impressive vision and strong playmaking skills, Ralph has shown the ability to dictate the pace of the game in the offensive zone. Looking to create every time he gains possession, Ralph has a lethal ability to generate offense. A player who should thrive even more as he’s surrounded with higher skilled players at the next level." (Mike Mackley)
Nate Schnarr - Guelph StormHas to be considered one of the top players who didn't play (consistently) in the OHL last year. A 6'3 forward, Schnarr starred for Waterloo
of the GOJHL where he was not only the conference's rookie of the year,
but made the first all star team too. In limited action in Guelph, he made a big impact and should be a top 6 forward for the Storm this coming season.Scouting Report: "Schnarr boasts an intriguing package of size, skill and hockey sense, which has allowed him to thrive thus far in his career. An adequate skater for a player of his stature, there is room for improvement in that area, however Schnarr does possess a long, fluid stride, that allows him to get around the ice without little issue, while generating good to above average speed. A wizard with the puck, Schnarr possesses quick hands, strong puck control and impressive puck protections abilities, that when combined with generated speed make Schnarr near impossible to defend off the rush. A smart player who shows poise in possession, Schnarr is a strong decision maker that sees the ice well. However his most lethal weapon is arguably his shot, as it boasts excellent velocity and accuracy and comes off of a quick release. Schnarr uses his size to his advantage, creating space for himself to maneuver in tight. If there is a knock in his game right now its on the defensive side of the puck as the compete level in his own zone tends to be inconsistent at times." (Mike Mackley)
Dylan Seitz - Kitchener RangersA 15th rounder by Kitchener in 2015, Seitz has emerged as a great prospect for the organization. He played for Buffalo (OJHL) last year and had a solid season. He also cracked the U.S. Hlinka team, although saw limited ice time. Seitz will definitely have the opportunity to play a depth role for the Rangers next year, maybe more.Scouting Report: "A versatile, two-way forward with intriguing offensive upside, Dylan Seitz enjoyed a successful rookie campaign with the Buffalo Jr. Sabres of the OJHL in 2015-2016. Arguably at his best in possession, Seitz shows an intriguing confidence to his game while also displaying strong vision, deceptively good playmaking skills and a level of offensive creativity that makes him tough to read in possession. Seitz works the cycle and half boards with effectiveness and shows a willingness to get to the gritty and high traffic areas of the ice. While he works those areas with effectiveness, he could be heavier on the puck as he does have somewhat of a tendency to turn pucks over in those areas. Added strength will allow Seitz to thrive in the aforementioned areas as will more of a heaviness on the puck. A player who thinks the game well, Seitz can force plays at times looking to hard to create, although his strong anticipation skills allow him to force more turnovers than he creates. A mobile skater with above average speed, Seitz shows a tenaciousness on the forecheck and will engage physically from time to time." (Mike Mackley)
Danial Singer - Niagara IceDogsAnother re-entry selection by the Dogs in 2016, Singer is a pint sized forward who would appear to have a ton of talent. He was the GOJHL rookie of the year last year, averaging over a point per game. Like Castleman, he'll have a chance of making an impact on a rebuilding IceDogs team.Scouting Report: "Singer is a clever undersized playmaker with soft hands and a natural feel for the game. Good puck handler, calm in possession, productive in tight quarters. Fast thinker, instantly finds creative solutions, gains an edge from the speed of his decision making. Not a dynamic skater, more quick and crafty than fast, attains decent top speed from a stride that is long, steady, and balanced. Developing muscle mass and filling in a slight frame will be critical to success, can be selectively courageous – at times shy about bravely driving into congested areas. A work in progress away from the puck, scattered, unstructured, swerves out of coverage lanes and can be slow picking up defensive marks. Will need to bulk up a fairly undersized frame." (TheScout OHL Draft Guide 2015)
Jason Willms - Barrie ColtsWith Barrie rebuilding next year, they'll have to give an opportunity to young players like Willms to play in critical roles.
Willms was a teammate of Owen Lane's in Kitchener (GOJHL) and was
equally as effective, suggesting that he could be a candidate for the 2nd or 3rd line center role next year.Scouting Report: "A smart, well-rounded forward and skilled shooter. A mix of size, competitiveness and aggression. Main weapon is a heavy accurate shot that features a terrific release, generates impressive power with only a minimal windup, aided by a large wingspan. Proficient at shielding checks away and is hard to contain once he gets a bead on goal. Tough to cover 1-on-1 as he spins off checks and is never shy about cutting a path to goal. Tough and honest, plays an honest, hard working game. Effective on the cycle thanks to solid in-close control and a knack for spinning and pivoting off physical pressure. Aggressive forechecker, causes issues when bearing down on opposition defenders. Must continue to bulk up and strive to maximize strength potential, however. Manages the puck well enough, but suffers tunnel vision at times – bulls his way through situations and would benefit from enhancing his vision of the ice. Must also work on making quicker plays. Not an elegant skater, has some inefficiencies in startup and a slushy stride that appears stiff as his feet stay low to the ice. Crossovers could be smoother, more efficient. Top speed is deceptive though, powered by a strong work engine." (TheScout OHL Draft Guide 2015)
About Me
Brock Otten is a former writer for Hockeysfuture and has contributed to PuckLife magazine, in addition to other hockey websites (UHN, LSR, etc). All articles of this blog also appear at www.thescout.ca
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The study was initiated in response to a perceived need for the federal government to co-ordinate regulation of wind farms and their impact on wildlife. The report suggests that few wind projects have actually been studied, making it difficult to draw overall conclusions. That leaves regulators lacking necessary expertise because related impacts can vary greatly by region and species, according to the GAO.
"I think the report is good as far as it goes, but in our view it doesn't go far enough," says Tom Gray of the American Wind Energy Association (AWEA). "It doesn't say anything about the benefits of wind energy for wildlife, such as reducing emissions or preserving open spaces and natural habitats."
At present, the federal government regulates wind projects only on federal lands or those that receive federal funding. Of six states reviewed by the GAO, none had ever taken prosecutorial action where wildlife mortalities have occurred.
"It's very fair for the industry to wonder why the positive aspects aren't given more attention," says Jeff Deyette of the Union of Concerned Scientists. "I think the problem is that wind is considered to be a clean energy source. To an extent, whether it's fair or not, the wind industry is held to a little higher standard."
The GAO report goes on to suggest that the US government should take a more active role in assessing the impacts of wind farms on wildlife.
"The report talks about wind not being studied enough," adds Gray. "But we would ask: Compared to what? The overall yearly number of dead birds from flying into buildings ranges from 100 million to a billion. That range is so great because it hasn't been studied enough. The wind industry has been studied pretty thoroughly compared to most other factors."
The Union of Concerned Scientists disagrees. "There are still too many unanswered questions," says Deyette. "The wind industry has been highly cooperative but [its] growth is so fast and turbines are going into so many locations that we still need more studies and to proceed with a little caution. Wind technology has a lot of advantages and there have been a lot of improvements over the last ten or 15 years. It's a good situation now, but it can be even better." | https://www.windpowermonthly.com/article/954931/wind-held-higher-standard |
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
Description of the Related Art
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention relates in general to computing systems, and more particularly to, various embodiments for intelligent identification of appropriate sections of clinical practice guidelines by a processor.
In today's society, consumers, business persons, educators, and others use various computing network systems with increasing frequency in a variety of settings. The advent of computers and networking technologies have made possible the increase in the quality of life while enhancing day-to-day activities. For example, many individuals require extensive use of technology relating to the health and the medical field.
Computing systems can include an Internet of Things (IoT), which is the interconnection of computing devices scattered across the globe using the existing Internet infrastructure. IoT devices may be embedded in a variety of physical devices or products. As great strides and advances in technologies come to fruition, the greater the need to make progress in these systems advantageous for efficiency and safety such as, for example, for using the vast amount of available data to recognize impacts on a well-being or health of a person.
Various embodiments for implementing intelligent clinical practice guidelines using one or more processors, are provided. In one embodiment, by way of example only, a method for implementing intelligent identification of appropriate sections of clinical practice guidelines, again by a processor, is provided. Selected portions of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) may be identified according to one or more CPG models, patient pathway models, and current patient profile.
Computing systems may include large scale computing called “cloud computing,” in which resources may interact and/or be accessed via a communication system, such as a computer network. Resources may be software-rendered simulations and/or emulations of computing devices, storage devices, applications, and/or other computer-related devices and/or services run on one or more computing devices, such as a server. For example, a plurality of servers may communicate and/or share information that may expand and/or contract across servers depending on an amount of processing power, storage space, and/or other computing resources needed to accomplish requested tasks. The word “cloud” alludes to the cloud-shaped appearance of a diagram of interconnectivity between computing devices, computer networks, and/or other computer related devices that interact in such an arrangement.
Additionally, the Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging concept of computing devices that may be embedded in objects, especially appliances, and connected through a network. An IoT network may include one or more IoT devices or “smart devices”, which are physical objects such as appliances with computing devices embedded therein. Many of these objects are devices that are independently operable, but they may also be paired with a control system or alternatively a distributed control system such as one running over a cloud computing environment.
The prolific increase in use of IoT appliances in computing systems, particularly within the cloud computing environment, in a variety of settings provide various beneficial uses to a user such as, for example, a medical patient. For example, as the demand for and access to data continues to expand in society, consumers of information content, particularly individuals desiring to make well-informed decisions regarding a medical condition or health state, continue to increase. The openness of the internet with the ever-increasing availability of a variety of types of computing devices, IoT devices, and the cloud computing environment for viewing, interacting, or engaging with information, provides the ability of users to have continuous access to information content relating to a variety of settings.
For example, within the health care industry, clinical practice guidelines (“CPGs”) may be used by various types of health professionals. In one aspect, evidence-based health care/medicine and evidence-based policies are approaches in the health care industry.
In one aspect, by way of example only, a CPG may be a set of recommendations, actions and goals that support physicians/health care professions making decisions to improve health service delivery and outcomes. In an additional aspect, a CPG may be statements that include recommendations intended to optimize user/patient care that are informed by a systematic review of evidence and an assessment of the benefits and harms of alternative care options. Thus, rather than dictating a one-size-fits-all approach to patient care, a CPG may offer an evaluation of a quality of relevant scientific literature, and an assessment of the likely benefits and harms of a particular treatment. This information enables health care clinicians to select a “best care” or “appropriate care” for a unique patient based on a patient preference.
The CPGs may also include any other evidence-based documents that describe a set of recommendations, instructions or tasks. For example, a local hospital protocol for management of patients with norovirus, a set of recommendations derived from the results of a clinical trial or a research paper with such similar information. A section of a CPG may refer to a particular recommendation or action described in the guideline. A CPG is a collection of multiple recommendations. For example: “measure blood pressure at least once every 12 months” is a recommendation of the Type 2 Diabetes guideline (NICE guideline NG28).
As used herein, the terms “Clinical Practice Guidelines,” “Clinical Guidelines,” “Guidelines,” and “Clinical Pathways” may be used interchangeably. It should be noted, as used herein, the term “patient” may be used interchangeably with the terms “user.” The patient profile may include a collection of historical data (e.g., electronic data from one or more electronic health care records) that may be related to one or more medical conditions of a user.
Effective CPG may be used, for example, to: 1) reduce disparities in healthcare delivery (e.g., there may be variabilities between regional and provider-level clinical care leading to poor outcomes and added costs that could be avoided by adhering to one or more CPGs, and 2) reduce the burden that health care professionals currently faces to stay current on, and adhere to, the increasing amounts of medical evidence. Adhering to a CPG may improve healthcare in theory, but guidelines may fail to address local constraints and knowledge (e.g., available in electronic health records (EHRs)). In case of a manual identification process, a use-case may include finding the CPGs describing a healthcare/well-being plan that a specific patient is following. However, such a process is extremely complex as it requires a perfect and complete knowledge of the patient, patient history, and/or other optimal/best clinical practice for all/any conditions. Given that such a perfect and complete knowledge of a patient and complete knowledge of CPGs is rare, only partial knowledge is usually provided or accessible for a patient. Moreover, even when a complete picture of a patient is provided, the coexistence of conditions (chronic and acute) can make the association to one or more sections of CPGs very time consuming and inaccurate. Furthermore, CPGs may include a large number of recommendations in an unstructured form and automatically identify sections of CPGs that are most appropriate for a given patient is currently difficult.
Accordingly, the present invention provides for implementing intelligent identification of appropriate sections of clinical practice guidelines, again by a processor, is provided. Selected portions of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) may be identified for a user according to one or more CPG models and patient pathway models. A Patient Pathway may be a sequential (ordered) set of events and other information that may pertain to a specific condition. A pathway may be associated with at least one episode/encounter and a problem from a problem list. A patient pathway may include a start and end date, which may be the same as condition dates from the problem list. The patient pathway may include an inclusion criteria that may be any discrete event with a date within the patient pathway dates. In one aspect, the patient pathway may be structured into one or more segments. A patient pathway may be generated for each condition in a patient's problem list (e.g., list of all conditions).
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In an additional aspect, various mechanisms of the illustrate embodiments provide for automatically identify one or more appropriate sections of CPGs that are appropriate for a patient by using automatically learned models of CPGs and patient pathways. The present invention may learn one or more patient pathway models (a “first model” or “M”) by processing historical data of patient profiles (e.g., structured data). The present invention may learn one or more clinical practice guidelines models (a “second model” or “M”) by processing a set existing CPG (textual data/unstructured data). The two models M and M (or a combination of the two models of patient pathway models and/or CPG model) may be used to compare/match a current patient profile of a current (e.g., new) patient to one or more CPGs. One or more patient pathways from the current patient may be extracted. The present invention may match the extracted patient pathways using the two models M and M and identifies one or more similar patient pathway and/or one or more sections of the one or more CPGs that are appropriate for those extracted patient pathways of the current patient. The present invention may produce/generate an ordered (ranked) list of sections of clinical practice guidelines that are most appropriate for all the pathways of the current patient. The present invention may use and/or analyze feedback data collected from one or more domain expert, patient profiles, historical feedback, or a combination thereof to (a) adjust/improve the quality of M (e.g., a CPG model), and (b) adjust/improve the matching of a current patient profile to one or more CPGs.
It should be noted that one or more calculations may be performed using various mathematical operations or functions that may involve one or more mathematical operations (e.g., solving differential equations or partial differential equations analytically or computationally, using addition, subtraction, division, multiplication, standard deviations, means, averages, percentages, statistical modeling using statistical distributions, by finding minimums, maximums or similar thresholds for combined variables, etc.).
In general, “best,” “appropriate,” and/or “optimize” may be used herein interchangeable and refer to and/or defined as “maximize,” “minimize,” or attain one or more specific targets, objectives, goals, or intentions. “Best,” “appropriate,” and/or “optimize” may also refer to maximizing a benefit to a user (e.g., maximize a health state/patient profile). “Best,” “appropriate,” and/or “optimize” may also refer to making the most effective or functional use of a situation, opportunity, or resource.
Additionally, “best,” “appropriate,” and/or “optimize” may need not refer to a best solution or result but may refer to a solution or result that “is good enough” for a particular application, for example. In some implementations, an objective is to suggest a “best” combination of sections of one or more CPGs, but there may be a variety of factors that may result in alternate suggestion of a combination of sections of one or more CPGs yielding better results. Thus, some changes to the variety of factors may result in a jump from one minimum/maximum to another minimum/maximum. In either case, resulting suggestions of a combination of sections of one or more CPGs may be considered “good enough,” “substantially optimal,” and/or “sufficiently good.” Herein, the terms “best,” “appropriate,” and/or “optimize” may also refer to such results based on minima (or maxima, depending on what parameters are considered in the optimization problem) for suggesting of a combination of sections of CPGs.
In an additional aspect, the terms “optimize” and/or “optimizing” may refer to an operation performed in order to achieve an improved result such as reduced execution costs or increased resource utilization, whether or not the optimum result is actually achieved. Similarly, the term “optimize” may refer to a component for performing such an improvement operation, and the term “optimized” may be used to describe the result of such an improvement operation.
As used herein, so-called “appropriateness” or “inappropriateness” of sections of one or more CPGs associated with a current patient pathway may be subjective and context dependent. For example, one solution for an appropriate combination of sections of one or more CPGs associated with a current patient pathway may be interpreted and evaluated to be either satisfactory or unsatisfactory depending on one or more contextual factors. Accordingly, the so-called “appropriateness” of a particular combination of sections of one or more CPGs associated with a current patient pathway may depend greatly upon contextual factors, such as a patient profile (e.g., a user profile may include a collection of settings and/or information or attributes with a user such as, for example, gender, weight, age, etc.), environmental factors, social factors, religious factors, cultural factors, and other contextual factors. A deeper, cognitive analysis of the user and CPGs associated with a current patient pathway may be provided to further understand the user and/or interpret the appropriate combination of sections of one or more CPGs associated with a current patient pathway.
It should be noted that reference to calculating an ‘interpreted appropriateness” against a predetermined threshold herein following may refer to implementations of a wide variety of metric analysis, data analytics, and other data processing as one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate. For example, a predetermined threshold may be set as a numerical value, where certain kinds of sections of one or more CPGs associated with a current patient pathway are given certain weighted values, and an aggregate number of the weighted values may be compared against a numerical threshold value.
It should be noted as described herein, the term “cognitive” (or “cognition”) may be relating to, being, or involving conscious intellectual activity such as, for example, thinking, reasoning, or remembering, that may be performed using a machine learning. In an additional aspect, cognitive or “cognition may be the mental process of knowing, including aspects such as awareness, perception, reasoning and judgment. A machine learning system may use artificial reasoning to interpret data from one or more data sources (e.g., sensor-based devices or other computing systems) and learn topics, concepts, and/or processes that may be determined and/or derived by machine learning.
In an additional aspect, cognitive or “cognition” may refer to a mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and one or more senses using machine learning (which may include using sensor-based devices or other computing systems that include audio or video devices). Cognitive may also refer to identifying patterns of behavior, leading to a “learning” of one or more events, operations, or processes. Thus, the cognitive model may, over time, develop semantic labels to apply to observed behavior and use a knowledge domain or ontology to store the learned observed behavior. In one embodiment, the system provides for progressive levels of complexity in what may be learned from the one or more events, operations, or processes.
In additional aspect, the term cognitive may refer to a cognitive system. The cognitive system may be a specialized computer system, or set of computer systems, configured with hardware and/or software logic (in combination with hardware logic upon which the software executes) to emulate human cognitive functions. These cognitive systems apply human-like characteristics to convey and manipulate ideas which, when combined with the inherent strengths of digital computing, can solve problems with a high degree of accuracy (e.g., within a defined percentage range or above an accuracy threshold) and resilience on a large scale. A cognitive system may perform one or more computer-implemented cognitive operations that approximate a human thought process while enabling a user or a computing system to interact in a more natural manner. A cognitive system may comprise artificial intelligence logic, such as natural language processing (NLP) based logic, for example, and machine learning logic, which may be provided as specialized hardware, software executed on hardware, or any combination of specialized hardware and software executed on hardware. The logic of the cognitive system may implement the cognitive operation(s), examples of which include, but are not limited to, question answering, identification of related concepts within different portions of content in a corpus, and intelligent search algorithms, such as Internet web page searches.
In general, such cognitive systems are able to perform the following functions: 1) Navigate the complexities of human language and understanding; 2) Ingest and process vast amounts of structured and unstructured data; 3) Generate and evaluate hypotheses; 4) Weigh and evaluate responses that are based only on relevant evidence; 5) Provide situation-specific advice, insights, estimations, determinations, evaluations, calculations, and guidance; 6) Improve knowledge and learn with each iteration and interaction through machine learning processes; 7) Enable decision making at the point of impact (contextual guidance); 8) Scale in proportion to a task, process, or operation; 9) Extend and magnify human expertise and cognition; 10) Identify resonating, human-like attributes and traits from natural language; 11) Deduce various language specific or agnostic attributes from natural language; 12) Memorize and recall relevant data points (images, text, voice) (e.g., a high degree of relevant recollection from data points (images, text, voice) (memorization and recall)); and/or 13) Predict and sense with situational awareness operations that mimic human cognition based on experiences.
Other examples of various aspects of the illustrated embodiments, and corresponding benefits, will be described further herein.
It is understood in advance that although this disclosure includes a detailed description on cloud computing, implementation of the teachings recited herein are not limited to a cloud computing environment and/or computing systems associated with one or more vehicles. Rather, embodiments of the present invention are capable of being implemented in conjunction with any other type of computing environment now known or later developed.
Cloud computing is a model of service delivery for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, network bandwidth, servers, processing, memory, storage, applications, virtual machines, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or interaction with a provider of the service. This cloud model may include at least five characteristics, at least three service models, and at least four deployment models.
Characteristics are as follows:
On-demand self-service: a cloud consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with the service's provider.
Broad network access: capabilities are available over a network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs).
Resource pooling: the provider's computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to demand. There is a sense of location independence in that the consumer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources but may be able to specify location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or datacenter).
Rapid elasticity: capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out and rapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time.
Measured service: cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service.
Service Models are as follows:
Software as a Service (SaaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to use the provider's applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications are accessible from various client devices through a thin client interface such as a web browser (e.g., web-based e-mail). The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user-specific application configuration settings.
Platform as a Service (PaaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications created using programming languages and tools supported by the provider. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including networks, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly application hosting environment configurations.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, deployed applications, and possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls).
Deployment Models are as follows:
Private cloud: the cloud infrastructure is operated solely for an organization. It may be managed by the organization or a third party and may exist on-premises or off-premises.
Community cloud: the cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). It may be managed by the organizations or a third party and may exist on-premises or off-premises.
Public cloud: the cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or a large industry group and is owned by an organization selling cloud services.
Hybrid cloud: the cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load-balancing between clouds).
A cloud computing environment is service oriented with a focus on statelessness, low coupling, modularity, and semantic interoperability. At the heart of cloud computing is an infrastructure comprising a network of interconnected nodes.
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Referring now to , a schematic of an example of a cloud computing node is shown. Cloud computing node is only one example of a suitable cloud computing node and is not intended to suggest any limitation as to the scope of use or functionality of embodiments of the invention described herein. Regardless, cloud computing node is capable of being implemented and/or performing any of the functionality set forth hereinabove.
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In cloud computing node there is a computer system/server , which is operational with numerous other general purpose or special purpose computing system environments or configurations. Examples of well-known computing systems, environments, and/or configurations that may be suitable for use with computer system/server include, but are not limited to, personal computer systems, server computer systems, thin clients, thick clients, hand-held or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputer systems, mainframe computer systems, and distributed cloud computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, and the like.
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Computer system/server may be described in the general context of computer system-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer system. Generally, program modules may include routines, programs, objects, components, logic, data structures, and so on that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Computer system/server may be practiced in distributed cloud computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed cloud computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer system storage media including memory storage devices.
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As shown in , computer system/server in cloud computing node is shown in the form of a general-purpose computing device. The components of computer system/server may include, but are not limited to, one or more processors or processing units , a system memory , and a bus that couples various system components including system memory to processor .
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Bus represents one or more of any of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, an accelerated graphics port, and a processor or local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. By way of example, and not limitation, such architectures include Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, Enhanced ISA (EISA) bus, Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, and Peripheral Component Interconnects (PCI) bus.
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Computer system/server typically includes a variety of computer system readable media. Such media may be any available media that is accessible by computer system/server , and it includes both volatile and non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media.
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System memory can include computer system readable media in the form of volatile memory, such as random-access memory (RAM) and/or cache memory . Computer system/server may further include other removable/non-removable, volatile/non-volatile computer system storage media. By way of example only, storage system can be provided for reading from and writing to a non-removable, non-volatile magnetic media (not shown and typically called a “hard drive”). Although not shown, a magnetic disk drive for reading from and writing to a removable, non-volatile magnetic disk (e.g., a “floppy disk”), and an optical disk drive for reading from or writing to a removable, non-volatile optical disk such as a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM or other optical media can be provided. In such instances, each can be connected to bus by one or more data media interfaces. As will be further depicted and described below, system memory may include at least one program product having a set (e.g., at least one) of program modules that are configured to carry out the functions of embodiments of the invention.
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Program/utility , having a set (at least one) of program modules , may be stored in system memory by way of example, and not limitation, as well as an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data. Each of the operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data or some combination thereof, may include an implementation of a networking environment. Program modules generally carry out the functions and/or methodologies of embodiments of the invention as described herein.
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Computer system/server may also communicate with one or more external devices such as a keyboard, a pointing device, a display , etc.; one or more devices that enable a user to interact with computer system/server ; and/or any devices (e.g., network card, modem, etc.) that enable computer system/server to communicate with one or more other computing devices. Such communication can occur via Input/Output (I/O) interfaces . Still yet, computer system/server can communicate with one or more networks such as a local area network (LAN), a general wide area network (WAN), and/or a public network (e.g., the Internet) via network adapter . As depicted, network adapter communicates with the other components of computer system/server via bus . It should be understood that although not shown, other hardware and/or software components could be used in conjunction with computer system/server . Examples, include, but are not limited to: microcode, device drivers, redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays, RAID systems, tape drives, and data archival storage systems, etc.
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Referring now to , illustrative cloud computing environment is depicted. As shown, cloud computing environment comprises one or more cloud computing nodes with which local computing devices used by cloud consumers, such as, for example, personal digital assistant (PDA) or cellular telephone A, desktop computer B, laptop computer C, and/or automobile computer system N may communicate. Nodes may communicate with one another. They may be grouped (not shown) physically or virtually, in one or more networks, such as Private, Community, Public, or Hybrid clouds as described hereinabove, or a combination thereof. This allows cloud computing environment to offer infrastructure, platforms and/or software as services for which a cloud consumer does not need to maintain resources on a local computing device. It is understood that the types of computing devices A-N shown in are intended to be illustrative only and that computing nodes and cloud computing environment can communicate with any type of computerized device over any type of network and/or network addressable connection (e.g., using a web browser).
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Referring now to , a set of functional abstraction layers provided by cloud computing environment () is shown. It should be understood in advance that the components, layers, and functions shown in are intended to be illustrative only and embodiments of the invention are not limited thereto. As depicted, the following layers and corresponding functions are provided:
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Device layer includes physical and/or virtual devices, embedded with and/or standalone electronics, sensors, actuators, and other objects to perform various tasks in a cloud computing environment . Each of the devices in the device layer incorporates networking capability to other functional abstraction layers such that information obtained from the devices may be provided thereto, and/or information from the other abstraction layers may be provided to the devices. In one embodiment, the various devices inclusive of the device layer may incorporate a network of entities collectively known as the “internet of things” (IoT). Such a network of entities allows for intercommunication, collection, and dissemination of data to accomplish a great variety of purposes, as one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate.
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Device layer as shown includes sensor , actuator , “learning” thermostat with integrated processing, sensor, and networking electronics, camera , controllable household outlet/receptacle , and controllable electrical switch as shown. Other possible devices may include, but are not limited to various additional sensor devices, networking devices, electronics devices (such as a remote-control device), additional actuator devices, so called “smart” appliances and a wide variety of other possible interconnected objects.
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Hardware and software layer may include hardware and software components. Examples of hardware components include: mainframes ; RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) architecture-based servers ; servers ; blade servers ; storage devices ; and networks and networking components . In some embodiments, software components include network application server software and database software .
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Virtualization layer provides an abstraction layer from which the following examples of virtual entities may be provided: virtual servers ; virtual storage ; virtual networks , including virtual private networks; virtual applications and operating systems ; and virtual clients .
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In one example, management layer may provide the functions described below. Resource provisioning provides dynamic procurement of computing resources and other resources that are utilized to perform tasks within the cloud computing environment. Metering and Pricing provides cost tracking as resources are utilized within the cloud computing environment, and billing or invoicing for consumption of these resources. In one example, these resources may comprise application software licenses. Security provides identity verification for cloud consumers and tasks, as well as protection for data and other resources. User portal provides access to the cloud computing environment for consumers and system administrators. Service level management provides cloud computing resource allocation and management such that required service levels are met. Service Level Agreement (SLA) planning and fulfillment provides pre-arrangement for, and procurement of, cloud computing resources for which a future requirement is anticipated in accordance with an SLA.
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Workloads layer provides examples of functionality for which the cloud computing environment may be utilized. Examples of workloads and functions which may be provided from this layer include: mapping and navigation ; software development and lifecycle management ; virtual classroom education delivery ; data analytics processing ; transaction processing ; and, in the context of the illustrated embodiments of the present invention, various workloads and functions for intelligent identification of appropriate sections of CPGs. In addition, workloads and functions for intelligent identification of appropriate sections of CPGs may include such operations as data analytics, data analysis, and as will be further described, notification functionality. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the workloads and functions for intelligent identification of appropriate sections of CPGs may also work in conjunction with other portions of the various abstractions layers, such as those in hardware and software , virtualization , management , and other workloads (such as data analytics processing , for example) to accomplish the various purposes of the illustrated embodiments of the present invention.
As previously mentioned, the mechanisms of the illustrated embodiments provide novel approaches for the intelligent identification of appropriate sections of CPGs using one or more processors. One or more sections of one or more CPGs may be automatically identified for impacting a health state of a user according one or more learned CPG and patient pathway models. Thus, the present invention learns patient pathway features and matches/compares those learned patient pathway features to CPG features for intelligent identification of appropriate sections of CPGs.
That is, the present invention automatically learns features characterizing one or more sections of CPGs, thus enabling a fine-grained level of matching against a selected/current patient profile. The present invention may take as input one or more CPGs in textual format, without requiring the CPGs to have a specific logical or rule-based structure. The present invention provides the ability to automatically identify the most appropriate sections of CPGs for a patient by using automatically learned models of CPGs and patient pathways. The present invention may use one or more ML models for identifying the most appropriate sections of clinical guidelines that apply to a given patient.
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Turning now to , a block diagram depicting exemplary functional components according to various mechanisms of the illustrated embodiments is shown. illustrates intelligent identification of appropriate sections of CPGs workloads and functions and training of a machine-learning model in a computing environment, such as a computing environment , according to an example of the present technology. As will be seen, many of the functional blocks may also be considered “modules” or “components” of functionality, in the same descriptive sense as has been previously described in .
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With the foregoing in mind, the module/component blocks of computing system may also be incorporated into various hardware and software components of a system for intelligent identification of appropriate sections of CPGs in accordance with the present invention. Many of the functional blocks may execute as background processes on various components, either in distributed computing components, or on the user device, or elsewhere.
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An intelligent identification system is shown, incorporating processing unit (“processor”) to perform various computational, data processing and other functionality in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. The intelligent identification system may be provided by the computer system/server of . The processing unit may be in communication with memory . The intelligent identification system may also include a knowledge domain , machine learning component , a feedback component , a matching component .
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In one aspect, the intelligent identification system may provide virtualized computing services (i.e., virtualized computing, virtualized storage, virtualized networking, etc.). More specifically, the intelligent identification system may provide virtualized computing, virtualized storage, virtualized networking and other virtualized services that are executing on a hardware substrate.
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In one aspect, the knowledge domain may be a database, which may also be an ontology of concepts representing a domain of knowledge. A thesaurus or ontology may be included in the knowledge domain and may also be used to identify languages (types and rules relating to the language), grammar rules/policies, syntax rules, speech patterns, semantic relationships, and cultural speech patterns/rules/customers, and/or various dialects of a particular region. In one aspect, the term “domain” is a term intended to have its ordinary meaning. In addition, the term “domain” may include an area of expertise for a system or a collection of material, information, content and/or other resources related to a particular subject or subjects. A domain can refer to information related to any particular subject matter or a combination of selected subjects.
The term ontology is also a term intended to have its ordinary meaning. In one aspect, the term ontology in its broadest sense may include anything that can be modeled as an ontology, including but not limited to, taxonomies, thesauri, vocabularies, and the like. For example, an ontology may include information or content relevant to a domain of interest or content of a particular class or concept. The ontology can be continuously updated with the information synchronized with the sources, adding information from the sources to the ontology as models, attributes of models, or associations between models within the ontology.
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Additionally, the domain knowledge may include one or more external resources such as, for example, links to one or more Internet domains, webpages, and the like. Additionally, the knowledge domain may include data that may be received, updated, and/or communicated in real-time to and/or from one or more domain experts. For example, the feedback component may receive real-time feedback from one or more domain experts and the feedback data may be maintained, stored, and/or updated in the knowledge domain .
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In one aspect, the matching component may identify and/or match selected portions of one or more CPGs to a select user (e.g., patient) according to one or more CPG models and one or more patient pathway models.
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The CPG component , in association with the machine learning component , may learn the one or more CPG models using a set of CPGs. The CPG component , in association with the machine learning component , may also learn the patient pathway models from collected data from a plurality of patient profiles, which may be included, stored, and maintained in the knowledge domain . That is, the machine learning component may be initialized to learn and/or assist in learning the one or more CPG models (e.g., “M) and patient pathway models (e.g., “M”). That is, machine learning component may learn a patient pathway model (“M”) using historical data of structured data, and learn a CPG model (e.g., “M”) using unstructured data.
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The matching component may identify and/or match a profile of a user to one or more selected portions of the CPGs according to the patient pathway model (e.g., “M”) and the CPG model (e.g., “M”). The matching component may rank a list of the selected portions of the CPGs for a plurality of patient pathways for the user.
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The feedback component may collect and use feedback data to adjust the one or more CPG models and assist with a machine learning operation. The machine learning component may use the knowledge domain to use and/or analyze feedback data collected from one or more domain experts, patient profiles, historical feedback, or a combination thereof to (a) adjust/improve the quality CPG model, and (b) adjust/improve the matching of a current patient profile to one or more sections of CPGs.
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In one aspect, the various machine learning operations of the machine learning component , as described herein, may be performed using a wide variety of methods or combinations of methods, such as supervised learning, unsupervised learning, temporal difference learning, reinforcement learning and so forth. Some non-limiting examples of supervised learning which may be used with the present technology include AODE (averaged one-dependence estimators), artificial neural network, backpropagation, Bayesian statistics, naive bays classifier, Bayesian network, Bayesian knowledge base, case-based reasoning, decision trees, inductive logic programming, Gaussian process regression, gene expression programming, group method of data handling (GMDH), learning automata, learning vector quantization, minimum message length (decision trees, decision graphs, etc.), lazy learning, instance-based learning, nearest neighbor algorithm, analogical modeling, probably approximately correct (PAC) learning, ripple down rules, a knowledge acquisition methodology, symbolic machine learning algorithms, sub symbolic machine learning algorithms, support vector machines, random forests, ensembles of classifiers, bootstrap aggregating (bagging), boosting (meta-algorithm), ordinal classification, regression analysis, information fuzzy networks (IFN), statistical classification, linear classifiers, fisher's linear discriminant, logistic regression, perceptron, support vector machines, quadratic classifiers, k-nearest neighbor, hidden Markov models and boosting. Some non-limiting examples of unsupervised learning which may be used with the present technology include artificial neural network, data clustering, expectation-maximization, self-organizing map, radial basis function network, vector quantization, generative topographic map, information bottleneck method, IBSEAD (distributed autonomous entity systems based interaction), association rule learning, apriori algorithm, eclat algorithm, FP-growth algorithm, hierarchical clustering, single-linkage clustering, conceptual clustering, partitional clustering, k-means algorithm, fuzzy clustering, and reinforcement learning. Some non-limiting example of temporal difference learning may include Q-learning and learning automata. Specific details regarding any of the examples of supervised, unsupervised, temporal difference or other machine learning described in this paragraph are known and are within the scope of this disclosure. Also, when deploying one or more machine learning models, a computing device may be first tested in a controlled environment before being deployed in a public setting. Also even when deployed in a public environment (e.g., external to the controlled, testing environment), the computing devices may be monitored for compliance.
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In one aspect, the intelligent identification system may perform one or more calculations according to mathematical operations or functions that may involve one or more mathematical operations (e.g., solving differential equations or partial differential equations analytically or computationally, using addition, subtraction, division, multiplication, standard deviations, means, averages, percentages, statistical modeling using statistical distributions, by finding minimums, maximums or similar thresholds for combined variables, etc.) Thus, as used herein, a calculation operation may include all or part of the one or more mathematical operations.
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Turning now to , a block diagram of exemplary functionality of an intelligent identification of appropriate sections of CPGs is depicted. As will be seen, many of the functional blocks may also be considered “modules” or “components” of functionality, in the same descriptive sense as has been previously described in .
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As shown, the various blocks of functionality are depicted with arrows designating the blocks' relationships with each other and to show process flow of an intelligent identification of appropriate sections of CPGs. Additionally, descriptive information is also seen relating each of the functional blocks . As will be seen, many of the functional blocks may also be considered “modules” or “components” of functionality, in the same descriptive sense as has been previously described in . With the foregoing in mind, the module blocks may also be incorporated into various hardware and software components of a system for image enhancement in accordance with the present invention. Many of the functional blocks may execute as background processes on various components, either in distributed computing components, or on the user device, or elsewhere, and generally unaware to the user performing generalized tasks of the present invention.
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As illustrated, the operations for intelligent identification of appropriate sections of CPGs may include a training phase and a runtime phase .
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Starting with block , during the training phase, a patient profile may be accessed for a patient having historical data associated therewith. That is, block may include a database with a selected number of historical patient profiles data. The patient profile may be sent to a patient pathways features learning module and used as input. The patient pathways features learning module may learn (and produce as output) one or more models of patient pathways (e.g., patient pathway model “M”), as in block . That is, the patient pathways features learning module may initialize a machine learning operation and implement one or more machine learning operations to learn features of one or more patient pathways. In one aspect, the patient pathways are extracted as an ordered sequence of events from the historical patient profiles data. A neural network may be trained using labelled data that may include 1) a vector representation of patient pathways, and/or 2) labels characterizing the type of pathways. One or more learned patient pathway models may be sent to the matching module , for commencing the runtime phase .
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Additionally, during the training phase , a collection of clinical guidelines and/or feedback data (if available from the runtime phase ) may be sent to the clinical guidelines features learning module and used as input. The clinical guidelines features learning module may learn (and produce as output) one or more clinical guidelines models (e.g., CPG models or clinical guideline model “M”), as in block . In one aspect, the CPGs may be available as documents (e.g., textual data). The clinical guidelines features learning module may build a quantitative representation of each of the features of guidelines. In one embodiment, clinical guidelines features learning module may use artificial intelligence, natural language processing (“NLP), and/or one or more word embedding operations, which yield a vector-based model of the text. Additionally, the clinical guidelines features learning module may use feedback data from one or more domain experts to improve the quality of the learned CPG model. The feedback data may be used as labelled data at training time. The clinical guidelines features learning module may send the one or more models of clinical guidelines (e.g., CPG models or clinical guideline model “M”) to the matching module .
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In one aspect, the matching module may use as input the patient pathways model M (computed during the training phase) and the clinical guidelines model M (computed during the training phase). Data from a current patient profile and/or feedback data , if available, may also be accessed and used by the matching module .
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The matching module may compare the data and provide a sorted list of sections of clinical guidelines matching the current patient profile . That is, the matching module extracts a patient pathway from the current patient profile . For each patient pathway “H”, the current patient profile uses the patient pathways model M to build a vector representation of patient pathway H. The matching module may determine and/or compute one or more similarity metrics between the vector representation of the patient pathway H and vector representations of the guidelines in clinical guideline model M. The similarity metric provides a sorted list of sections of guidelines/CPGs that are closest to the patient pathway H. The sections of guidelines/CPGs that are the closest/most similar are the most appropriate/determined section for patient pathway H. If available, the present invention may use the feedback data collected from the domain expert(s) via a feedback module to improve the ranking in the sorted list.
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The feedback module may receive as input data from one or more domain experts such as, for example, the domain expert , and provide feedback data on the output produced by the matching module . That is, the feedback module may provide a structured database of feedbacks. The feedback module allows for users to provide feedback about the matching sections of CPGs using one or more selected/defined user interfaces of a computing system. In one embodiment, the feedback may include, for example, an upvote/downvote to represent agreement/disagreement. The feedback data may also be communicated back to the clinical guidelines features learning module and to the matching module .
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Turning now to , a method for implementing intelligent identification of appropriate sections of clinical practice guidelines by a processor is depicted, in which various aspects of the illustrated embodiments may be implemented. The functionality may be implemented as a method executed as instructions on a machine, where the instructions are included on at least one computer readable medium or one non-transitory machine-readable storage medium. The functionality may start in block .
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One or more CPG models may be learned, as in block . One or more patient pathway models may be learned, as in block . Selected portions of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) may be identified for a user according to the one or more CPG models and patient pathway models, as in block . The functionality may end, as in block .
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Turning now to , a method for implementing intelligent identification of appropriate sections of clinical practice guidelines by a processor is depicted, in which various aspects of the illustrated embodiments may be implemented. The functionality may be implemented as a method executed as instructions on a machine, where the instructions are included on at least one computer readable medium or one non-transitory machine-readable storage medium. The functionality may start in block .
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A patient pathway model may be learned using historical data of multiple patient profiles, as in block . A CPG model may be learned from a set existing CPGs, as in block . The patient pathway model and CPG model may be used to identify, match, and/or apply one or more sections of CPGS to a current patient profile of a current user, as in block . Feedback data may be used and collected from one or more domain experts to adjust the matching of the current patient profile to one or more sections of the CPGs (and also adjust the one or more CPGs), as in block . The functionality may end, as in block .
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In one aspect, in conjunction with and/or as part of at least one block of , the operations of methods and/or may include each of the following. The operations of methods and/or learn a patient pathway model using historical data of structured data, learn a CPG model using unstructured data (e.g., text data and/or existing CPG models, and/or match a profile of the user to the selected portions of the CPGs according to the patient pathway model and the CPG model.
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The operations of methods and/or may rank a list of the selected portions of the CPGs for a plurality of patient pathways for the user. The operations of methods and/or may initialize a machine learning mechanism to learn the one or more CPG models and patient pathway models. The operations of methods and/or may collect and use feedback data to adjust or apply to the one or more CPG models and assist with a machine learning operation.
The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computer program product. The computer program product may include a computer readable storage medium (or media) having computer readable program instructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out aspects of the present invention.
The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that can retain and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of the computer readable storage medium includes the following: a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such as punch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructions recorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. A computer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construed as being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulses passing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmitted through a wire.
Computer readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computer readable storage medium or to an external computer or external storage device via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprise copper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing/processing device receives computer readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer readable program instructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium within the respective computing/processing device.
Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations of the present invention may be assembler instructions, instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state-setting data, or either source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C++ or the like, and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The computer readable program instructions may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example, programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or programmable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readable program instructions by utilizing state information of the computer readable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry, in order to perform aspects of the present invention.
Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer readable program instructions.
These computer readable program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowcharts and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can direct a computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the computer readable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises an article of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects of the function/act specified in the flowcharts and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computer implemented process, such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement the functions/acts specified in the flowcharts and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The flowcharts and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowcharts or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In order that the advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments that are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope, the invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1
is a block diagram depicting an exemplary computing node according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2
is an additional block diagram depicting an exemplary cloud computing environment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3
is an additional block diagram depicting abstraction model layers according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4
is an additional block diagram depicting an exemplary functional relationship between various aspects of the present invention;
FIG. 5
is an additional block diagram depicting intelligent identification of appropriate sections of clinical practice guidelines in which aspects of the present invention may be realized;
FIG. 6
is an additional flowchart diagram depicting an additional exemplary method for implementing intelligent identification of appropriate sections of clinical practice guidelines in which aspects of the present invention may be realized; and
FIG. 7
is an additional flowchart diagram depicting an additional exemplary method for implementing intelligent identification of appropriate sections of clinical practice guidelines by a processor, again in which aspects of the present invention may be realized. | |
Printable chart of contribution limits for 2019-2020 for contributions made to federal candidates for House, Senate or President, as well as PACs and party committees Keywords Contribution, limits, 2019, 2020, federal elections. Quick Reference Guide for 2019 and 2018 Federal Taxes. The following guide includes many of the most important federal tax amounts for 2019 and compares them to. WSJ Tax Guide 2019: Charitable-Donation Deduction The overhaul didn’t make major changes to these deductions, but the near-doubling of the standard deduction means far fewer filers will choose. Unnrecognized Donations. Donations of cash and goods are usually deductible, but you can't treat time spent working with an organization as a donation and deduct it from your taxable income. The IRC also limits how much of your generosity you can claim as an itemized tax deduction. As of 2019, you're limited to 60 percent of your adjusted gross income AGI on most donations made to public charities and certain private foundations. This is up from 50 percent in 2017. The TCJA changed this threshold as well.
The IRS has a gift tax limit, both for the amount you can give each year and for what you can give over the course of your life. If you go over those limits, you will have to pay a tax on the amount of gifts that are over the limit. This tax is the gift tax. In almost every case, the donor is responsible for paying gift tax, not the recipient. 15.11.2018 · The Internal Revenue Service announced today the official estate and gift tax limits for 2019: The estate and gift tax exemption is $11.4 million per individual, up from $11.18 million in 2018. 15.03.2018 · The lifetime estate and gift tax exemption was essentially doubled — from $5.49 million per person to an estimated $11.2 million, with an inflation adjustment for future years. Double those. By donating to tax credit eligible organizations, now your total state tax liability equals $3,000 less the credit of $2,200, for $800 of remaining tax liability. Your total dollars paid remains $3,000 whether you use tax credits or not – it’s either $3,000 all paid to the state, or $2,200 paid to tax credit eligible organizations and $800 paid to the state. If you had already paid in the full $3,000 in state taxes during the year, you.
To qualify for the Arizona Charitable Tax Credit, donations must be made to state-certified QCOs or QFCOs. The deadline for making a donation and claiming a tax credit under the AZ Charitable Tax Credit for 2019 is April 15, 2020. To claim these amounts, save all official tax donation receipts for proof. Then, enter the entire amount of your donation on line 409 of Schedule 1. Use the Federal Worksheet to calculate your tax credit, and use this calculated amount to claim your credit on line 410 of Schedule 1. Note that if you donate to a provincial political party, your. Charitable contribution deductions for United States Federal Income Tax purposes are defined in section 170c of the Internal Revenue Code as contributions to or. As of 2017, the maximum yearly contribution limit is $1550 to a given federal political party, $1550 to a given party's riding associations, $1550 to a given party's leadership candidates, and $1550 for each independent candidate. The total tax credit for all contributions is capped at. news Watchdog. New tax law means your year-end charitable contributions are probably no longer tax deductible For millions of Americans, contributions to charities are, for the first time in.
CONTRIBUTION LIMITS FOR 2017-2018 FEDERAL ELECTIONS DONORS RECIPIENTS Candidate Committee PAC1 SSF and Nonconnected State/District/ Local Party Committee National Party Committee Additional National Party Committee Accounts2 Individual $2,700 per election $5,000 per year $10,000 per year combined $33, 00 per year $10, 00. Learn more about the federal IRS gift tax - including rules, rates, and this year's maximum exclusion limit. Also find out how you can avoid gift tax. $100 limit on cash contributions A campaign may not accept more than $100 in cash from a particular source with respect to any campaign for nomination for election, or election to federal office. $50 limit on anonymous contributions: An anonymous contribution of cash is limited to $50. Any amount in excess of $50 must be promptly disposed of and may be used for any lawful purpose unrelated to any federal. Salvation Army and Goodwill Tax Deduction Tips: As you think about preparing your taxes or at least finding all of those receipts you shoved somewhere in a box to take to the accountant, it’s never too soon to think about tax-deductible charitable donations for this year’s taxes.
The Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, permits you to make non-cash contributions to charitable organizations and take a tax deduction. The IRS limits the amount of non-cash deductions you can take each year, and more valuable donations require additional documentation before allowing the deduction. Corporations and individual taxpayers who itemize can deduct charitable contributions to 501c3 organizations. Many nonprofit institutions are exempt from paying federal income tax, but taxpayers may deduct donations to organizations set up under Internal Revenue Code section 501c3 on their. | http://rfkjrforpresident.com/Federal%20Tax%20Donation%20Limits%202021 |
An undisguised version of Italian manufacturer, FB Mondial’sHPS 125, was spotted near the ARAI (Automotive Research Association of India) facility in Pune.
The retro-styled motorcycle uses a 125cc single-cylinder, liquid cooled engine which produces 13.2bhp at 9,750rpm and 10.5Nm of torque at 8,000rpm. This engine is mated to a six-speed transmission. The HPS 125’s design is inspired by the brand’s small displacement racers in the 1950s, a time when FB Mondial registered fiveMotoGP championships.
The bike features wire-spoke wheels with dual purpose tyres, a flat handlebar with bar-end mirrors, a leather seat and adjustable inverted telescopic forks upfront along with petal disc brakes both at the front and rear. The HPS 125 sports a scrambler-style dual barrel exhaust, while the circular instrument cluster is fully digital.
When spotted outside ARAI, the bike was bearing a red number plate, which means that it could be going through the homologation process before its launch in India. We expect the bike to be showcased at the Auto Expo next year. | https://www.bikewale.com/news/fb-mondial-hps-125-caf-racer-spotted/ |
Senior Living in Bondville, Vermont
The SeniorScore™ is calculated based on over 100 variables, some of which are shown below. The final score is curved based on a linear curving method. For More info visit senioradvice.com/seniorscore.
71
SeniorScore™ Overview
Bondville scores lower than the Vermont average of 72.
Bondville scores lower than the national average of 72.
58
Health & Safety
There is a low number of Medicare registered physicians within the city limits.
There are no hospitals within close range of the city.
There is 1 senior living facility in close proximity to the city (Equinox Village).
There is a low number of home healthcare providers operating in the city.
There is an average number of fire stations serving the city.
The average life expectancy is 80.5, compared to the national average of 78.6.
There are 14 pharmacies within close range of the city.
77
Recreation & Leisure
The city has a very high percentage of seniors in the population (40% of residents).
There are 23 golf courses in or around the city, including Manchester Country Club, Ekwanok Country Club, and Gleneagles Golf Course at the Equinox.
There is 1 park near the city center (Emerald Lake State Park).
There are 7 churches in or near the city, including Church of Wildwood, Dupuis Geo H Rev, and First Baptist Church.
There are 3 malls / shopping centers within close range of the city.
There are 24 grocery stores within the city.
There are 2 movie theatres in or near the city.
There are 5 gyms or health clubs in or near the city.
62
Finances
The property taxes average 5.30% of total income, which is significantly higher than the national average of 2.79%.
The property taxes average 1.60% of property value, which is significantly lower than the national average of 1.09%.
The city sales taxes averages 6.50%, which is lower than the national average of 6.97%.
Vermont has an average state income tax of 3.03%, compared to the national average of 3.38%.
The city's mean household income is $75,867, which is significantly higher than the national average of $64,580.
The city's median household income is $58,750, which is significantly higher than the national median of $51,560.
The city's per capita income is $36,733, which is significantly higher than the national average of $25,611.
Assisted living costs average $47,340 per year, which are high compared to national figures.
Nursing home costs average $104,025 per year, which are high compared to national costs.
Adult daycare costs average $32,032 per year, which are very high compared to national numbers.
Home healthcare costs average $48,048 annually, which are high compared to national costs.
The unemployment rate is about 5.92%, which is low compared to national averages.
The overall cost of living is very high compared to national averages.
0% of the senior population are financially responsible for at least one grandchild.
57
General Quality of Life
Bondville receives high levels of rainfall each year.
Bondville has very harsh mean temperatures, with very cold winters and pleasant summers.
This city has above average air quality.
Bondville has a very sparse population density of 17.5 people per square mile.
Residents of Bondville have a very short daily commute time.
Bondville has a very high public school quality ranking.
The city has a very high public school safety rating.
This city has a very high graduation rate of 97.37%.
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BEVERLY HILLS, Calif.—If Ludwig van Beethoven is considered by many the world’s greatest composer, there can be little disagreement that Hershey Felder is the greatest one-man “theatrical impressionist” interpreting the lives of the great composers. Beethoven is the latest (and greatest?) in a twenty-year progression that has given us Chopin, Liszt, Gershwin, Bernstein, Irving Berlin, and Tchaikovsky, alongside other musical and theatrical projects. He is always a welcome guest at this city’s Wallis Annenberg Center for the Performing Arts.
Directed once again by Joel Zwick, Felder takes an unexpected approach toward this year’s hero. The stage opens on a graveyard in Vienna with a monument to Beethoven at the rear. Other gravestones, some askew from centuries of neglect, can be seen, and there is of the course the requisite Steinway piano in the middle, whose presence in a cemetery we instantly forgive as part of the creative license. Oddly, there are also two sizable piles of bricks.
The bricks are soon explained. The year is 1863 and we meet Dr. Gerhard von Breuning chairing a gathering of the Friends of Music Society. They have just dug up the remains of the composer, who died in 1827, discovering that the metal box containing his bones had been topped off by many layers of bricks in order to deter grave robbers who might have wanted to haul off Beethoven’s skull or other relics.
Von Breuning argues that the box not be permanently sealed but remain in a monument above ground so that, according to the composer’s wishes, which the doctor claims to know, future generations of researchers and scientists would finally be able to determine what malady Beethoven suffered from and why he so often seemed curmudgeonly and anti-social.
Dr. Breuning is a real historical figure who did in fact know Beethoven. By 1863 he can legitimately claim to be the only person alive who knew the maestro. Breuning was a teenager when Beethoven came back into the boy’s family circle. His father and Beethoven had been childhood friends, and after a ten-year falling out, just a couple of years before Beethoven died, the friendship resumed, although fraught with problems.
By then Beethoven was living in the Breuning family’s Vienna neighborhood, in a room in the Schwarzspanierhaus, which might be described as one small step up from a poorhouse. The boy visited often for music lessons, becoming an ersatz “son” to the childless composer, as Beethoven also visited the Breunings, especially when he was in need of a tasty home-cooked dinner and some familiar company.
Felder based his play on von Breuning’s memoir about those last years.
In 90 minutes without intermission Felder does not and cannot begin to survey the entirety of Beethoven’s musical output. As a masterful pianist, of concert status, he does give us some delicious and soulful excerpts of works such as the “Emperor” concerto, the Fifth and Ninth symphonies, the beloved “Moonlight” and “Pathétique” Sonatas (the latter the only one of Beethoven’s works that bears the name the composer personally bestowed upon it). But these are offered as musical suggestions as to Beethoven’s mental state, his advancing the musical language beyond the confines of Classical Era rules, and the boundless humanity Beethoven sought to convey to his listeners.
The all-embracing magnanimity for which he is remembered is the cry of decency, generosity, democracy and freedom in a world of dictators, tyrants and oppression. He dedicated his Third “Eroica” Symphony to the revolutionary Napoleon, then furiously and famously scratched out his name on the score in 1804 after Napoleon declared his imperial ambitions. His final symphony, the Ninth, dating from 1824, broke every rule by incorporating a chorus in the final movement singing Schiller’s “Ode to Joy,” which critics at the time considered wild and reckless and we today still find thrilling. This composition alone, a kind of “Internationale” decades before the labor hymn by Eugène Pottier was set to music by Pierre De Geyter in 1888, stands as one of the world’s most significant statements of human solidarity in musical or any form.
Felder touches on the political composer, citing his contempt for social pretense—although for a time he fancied himself a noble owing to his superior gifts of intelligence. But as a playwright, Felder is more interested, as he safely presumes his audiences will be also, in what kind of human being Beethoven was, and why.
The maker of music enters a silent world
Beethoven was the child of poor parents. His father was an angry drunk who regularly and severely beat Ludwig, sending him to the basement for punishment. Two other brothers came along and Ludwig assumed the role of their protector, especially after the mother died leaving them helpless against the father’s continuing rage.
From the age of about 26, that is, around 1796, Beethoven first noticed the bothersome tinnitus that impaired his hearing. The auditory loss proceeded apace. Felder has some heartbreakingly pathetic scenes in which Beethoven is reduced to calling out, “I can’t hear you, speak louder!” By the age of 31, he had become stone deaf. Von Brauning describes an incident where at the age of 12 or so he is visiting his friend and piano teacher and finally realizing that the composer could simply not hear a single note.
Many have speculated as to the cause of Beethoven’s hearing loss—syphilis, typhus, or possibly even his habit of immersing his head in cold water to stay awake. These arguments have holes, however. Samples of Beethoven’s hair reveal that he had lead poisoning. But Felder adduces yet another and perhaps more plausible explanation: He suggests that the cruel beatings Ludwig suffered as a boy, complete with boxes on the ears, led to the hearing loss.
Beethoven’s renowned irascibility may well have become more pronounced as he struggled in a silent world against those who did not understand his radical esthetics that increasingly transformed music history and gave the world new ways of thinking about sound. As the playwright points out, what we know as the Beethoven oeuvre, particularly in the years from 1801 onward, is the pure product of a mind that “heard” these works only in his brain. No audiences, critics or friends ever caused him to revise his work having heard it. It came out fully formed and perfect according to his exacting intentions, and if some of it sounded strange or incomprehensible, well, that is what makes this composer the forerunner that he is. Music would not remain the same ever after.
Imagining Beethoven completely deaf for the last 26 years of his life is a major theme of Felder’s play. Having just seen Stephen Sachs’s Arrival & Departure cast for deaf and hearing actors, it was this aspect of Beethoven’s lived human experience that moved me the most. Not only did I marvel at his ceaseless productivity despite all—and also while dealing with a number of serious family issues involving his brothers and his nephew—I also wondered why he couldn’t get the aid from family or friends that he needed to live under more comfortable circumstances. Obviously his role of a composer in society was nothing so special as to merit such treatment; and neither was the man who could be such unpleasant company, far removed from the legendary titan he has since become.
Someone completely deaf with a tenth the talent of Beethoven would be heralded today as nothing short of a genius, celebrated with awards and recognition within and beyond the “disability community.” To imagine anyone in his day, much less a deaf person, composing the forward-looking “Grosse Fuge,” his late string quartet, op. 133 of 1825, is almost beyond comprehension. It is “an absolutely contemporary piece of music,” said Igor Stravinsky, “that will be contemporary forever.”
Felder covers a lot of ground in his short play, debunking some of the mythology that surrounds Beethoven. No, the ta-ta-ta-DUM motif of the Fifth Symphony is not some corny “Fate knocking on the door” fantasy but, according to Felder, rather the rhythm of a bird pecking on a bench in the park where Beethoven was seated and whose vibrations he could feel. The “Moonlight” Sonata, and so many other works, was so named out of commercial intent for the music publisher to sell more copies in this new Romantic age.
But the boy and the man he became are the heart of the playwright’s attention, his angst, his melancholy, his impatience, and his frequent attraction to the somber, ominous chords of the C-minor key. Despite a number of tantalizing dedications to a female name or to a “dearly beloved,” no solid evidence survives attesting to any lasting romantic attachment. Yet through it all, “his heart was so full of love he created love where it simply did not exist,” and that comes out most evidently in the music he wrote, intended to “mean something,” not just please the ear with received formulas.
Not content to be writer, actor and pianist, Hershey Felder also designed the stage set! He takes on the voices of the doctor, and also of his father and of Beethoven himself. I would say his performance is a tour de force, but in his case, he comes out with such a tour every year, so I’m afraid that phrase doesn’t quite have the power it deserves. Lighting design and evocative projections are by Christopher Ash.
At the end Felder opens up for a Q&A. One questioner asked if Beethoven was, or became crazy. No, Felder insisted, surely not. No crazy person could have written music of the clarity and purpose that he continued to compose until the end. He was mostly just terribly isolated in his silent world—but still producing sounds that continue to echo throughout the world and time.
Another questioner—perhaps a plant?—asked what his next subject was going to be. Felder held that question off until the end, when he rustled behind a handy gravestone and pulled out the sheet music to another moonlight composition, “Clair de Lune,” as a sort of encore to the play. Felder’s Claude Debussy will be on stage next May and June at the Wallis.
Hershey Felder’s Beethoven is not necessarily the political radical storming the heavens with his fists, or better I should say, he is not only that, but far more. Audiences will be fortified in their respect for the music, and fall in love with the man.
And, I suspect, look upon persons with disabilities in a fresh way.
Hershey Felder: Beethoven plays through Aug. 19 at the Wallis Annenberg Center for the Performing Arts, Tues. through Sun. Full schedule details and ticket information can be found at the Wallis website or by calling (310) 746-4000. The theatre is located at 9390 N. Santa Monica Blvd., Beverly Hills 90210. | https://www.peoplesworld.org/article/hear-beethoven-roar-in-hershey-felders-new-biographical-treatment/ |
Magnesium plays a critical role in numerous metabolic functions, including all reactions involving adenosine triphosphate, and is thus essential for the production and use of energy. Magnesium imbalances are common in hospitalized patients, with magnesium deficiency occurring in 20% to 65% of critically ill patients. This article details the homeostatic mechanisms regulating magnesium, the functions of magnesium, and the causes, manifestations, and treatment of both hyper- and hypomagnesemia. Indications and guidelines for the therapeutic uses of magnesium are also reviewed.
Keywords
Homeostasis; Magnesium deficiency diseases; Magnesium in the body; Nursing
Disciplines
Critical Care Nursing | Inorganic Chemicals | Nursing | Therapeutics
Language
English
Permissions
Use Find in Your Library, contact the author, or use interlibrary loan to garner a copy of the article. Publisher copyright policy allows author to archive post-print (author’s final manuscript). When post-print is available or publisher policy changes, the article will be deposited
Repository Citation
Toto, K. H.,
Yucha, C. B.
(1994).
Magnesium: Homeostasis, imbalances, and therapeutic uses.
Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America, 6(4), | https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/nursing_fac_articles/49/ |
Non-Euclidean geometry is any type of geometry that is different from the “flat” Euclidean geometry you learned in school. It’s a set of geometries where the rules and axioms you are used to get broken: parallel lines are no longer parallel, circles don’t exist, and triangles are made from curved lines.
Why Do We Need “Other” Geometry?
Those proofs of high school geometry are based on a set of rules laid down in Euclid’s Elements. It’s the system of rules for geometry that were used for thousands of years. However, as the study of points, lines, surfaces and solids progressed, mathematicians began to realize that Euclid’s rules were wholly inadequate. For example, Euclid never mentioned that “…a circle has an inside and an outside and an inside, that triangles can be turned over, and other assumptions essential to his system” (Gardner, 1997).
Types of Non-Euclidean Geometry
There are many different areas of Non-Euclidean geometry. Each has their own distinct set of rules:
- Elliptic Geometry: There are no parallel lines in this geometry, as any two lines intersect at a single point,
- Hyperbolic Geometry: A geometry of curved spaces. Played a vital role in Einstein’s development of relativity (Castellanos, 2007).
- Minkowski Geometry: Geometry in a finite number of dimensions (for example, the fourth dimension) where distances aren’t uniform in every direction. Famous for its use in Einstein’s special relativity.
- Projective Geometry: Deals with the relationships between geometric figures and how they project onto different surfaces,
- Spherical Geometry: plane geometry on the surface of a sphere. Like elliptic geometry, there are no parallel lines. Commonly used by explorers and navigators.
- Taxicab Geometry: Based on how a taxicab moves through the square grids of New York City streets, this branch of mathematics uses square grids to measure distances.
References
Blackman. Albert Einstein and the Theory of Relativity. Retrieved November 16, 2020 from: http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~blackman/ast104/einstein.html
Castellanos, J. (2007). 3: What is Non-Euclidean Geometry. Retrieved November 16, 2020 from: https://www.cs.unm.edu/~joel/NonEuclid/noneuclidean.html
Coxeter, H. (1988). Non-Euclidean Geometry. Cambridge University Press. | https://www.geometryhowto.com/non-euclidean-geometry/ |
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