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Browsing Geology by Subject "Kosher"
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Jurassic Pork: What Could a Jewish Time Traveler Eat? (Springer Nature, 2015-09-24)Paleontologists use multiple methods to reconstruct the anatomy and behavior of extinct animals, including direct observations from well-preserved fossils and inferences from the phylogeny of modern and extinct relatives. ... | https://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/2243/browse?type=subject&value=Kosher |
Those who watched the opening ceremony of the Olympic games in Rio were forced to see this Gore-style demagogic video on the climate panic:
I haven’t heard the narration ‚Äì which was done by James Bond’s female boss.
This is quite incredible. Rio was also the place where the 1992 Earth Summit took place. Many people blame this particular event for the subsequent rapid propagation of the global pseudoscience-powered environmental fascism and its most aggressive form, the climate hysteria. You could think that the Brazilian politicians should be more careful but they’re not.
The worries about the sea level rise are stupid, of course. The sea level was always changing but in recent thousands of years, the rise was minimal.
You see that between 15,000 and 8,000 years ago, the sea level rose by 100 meters (from 110 below the current level to 10 below the current level). The average rate was about 14 mm per year or 1.4 meters per century. However, these days, it’s just 3 mm per year or so or 30 centimeters per century.
Some 7,000 years ago, all the ice sheets that could have melted (especially those around the Arctic Circle) have already melted. What was left was several glaciers in the mountains plus mostly the Greenland and the Antarctica which require a vastly higher warming to melt. The ice that floats (and melts and refreezes) on the sea (e.g. Arctic Ocean) doesn’t affect the sea level due to the Archimedes principle.
The main driver of the melting at the time scale of tens of thousands of years are the Milankovitch cycles ‚Äì astronomical irregularities in the Earth’s orbit that make the solar radiation coming to the Arctic Circle (a critical place for the ice age cycles, it turns out), fluctuate. So the bulk of the graph above has nothing to do with the human civilization. | http://climatechangedispatch.com/contamination-of-olympic-ceremony-by-climate-alarmism-is-unethical/ |
Arya Samaj Shadi Gujarat
An Arya Samaj wedding is conducted by the Arya Samaj, founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswathi in any of its temple. The marriage in Arya Samaj wedding is performed as per Vedic rites and thus does not require any flamboyance. In fact, simplicity is the main essence of Arya Samaj wedding. Though the Arya Samaj weding is meant only for Hindus, any non-Hindu can also be allowed to undergo the marriage rituals if he undergoes the process of conversion through Shuddhi i.e. Purification.
Arya Samaj Wedding Mandir is performed with the fire and other elements as the witnesses since they don’t believe in idol worshipping. In an Arya Samaj wedding, the mantras, which are chanted, are translated into a language that the couple can understand so that the couple can relate themselves to the meaning and significance of the wedding mantras. This wedding is different from the traditional Hindu wedding in the sense that it does not involves elaborate rituals and the ceremony is not extended over a long period of time. The wedding ceremony lasts for an hour and the wedding expense is very low compared to the normal traditional Hindu wedding.
13 Steps of a Vedic Marriage Ceremony
While various regional steps are followed by different sects of Hindus across India, the following 13 steps form the core of a Vedic wedding ceremony:
Vara Satkaarah – Reception of the bridegroom and his kinsmen at the entrance gate of the wedding hall where the officiating priest chants a few mantras and the bride’s mother blesses the groom with rice and trefoil and applies tilak of vermilion and turmeric powder.
Madhuparka Ceremony – Reception of the bridegroom at the altar and bestowing of presents by the bride’s father.
Kanya Dan – The bride’s father gives away his daughter to the groom amidst the chanting of sacred mantras.
Vivah-Homa – The sacred fire ceremony ascertaining that all auspicious undertakings are begun in an atmosphere of purity and spirituality.
Pani-Grahan – The groom takes the right hand of the bride in his left hand and accepts her as his lawfully wedded wife.
Pratigna-Karan – The couple walk round the fire, the bride leading, and take solemn vows of loyalty, steadfast love and life-long fidelity to each other.
Shila Arohan – The mother of the bride assists her to step onto a stone slab and counsels her to prepare herself for a new life.
Laja-Homah – Puffed rice offered as oblations into the sacred fire by the bride while keeping the palms of her hands over those of the groom.
Parikrama or Pradakshina or Mangal Fera – The couple circles the sacred fire seven times. This aspect of the ceremony legalizes the marriage according to the Hindu Marriage Act as well custom.
Saptapadi – Marriage knot symbolized by tying one end of the groom’s scarf with the bride’s dress. Then they take seven steps representing nourishment, strength, prosperity, happiness, progeny, long life and harmony and understanding, respectively.
Abhishek – Sprinkling of water, meditating on the sun and the pole star.
Anna Praashan – The couple make food offerings into the fire then feed a morsel of food to each other expressing mutual love and affection.
Aashirvadah – Benediction by the elders.
We Provide all type of Arya Samaj Marriages in Faridabad, Gurgaon, Arya Samaj Sonipat, Sirsa, Rohtak, Hisar,Arya Samaj Karnal, Rewari, Arya Samaj Marriages Panipat, Arya Samaj Yamunanagar, Ambala, Bhiwani,Arya Samaj Bahadurgarh, Arya Samaj Marriage Jind, Kaithal, Thanesar, Palwal and all cities in Haryana. Anyone who is solemnly combined with anyone and wants to marry her/his. you can call us anytime we will arrange it soon.
We wish you all the best for your happy married life. | http://www.aryasamajmandirmumbai.com/arya-samaj-shadi-gujarat.html |
On Monday, 23rd December 2019, Nirsal Microfinance BankArochukwu formally opened for business. The bank is located in the old post office building along Barracks road in Arochukwu urban area.Central Bank of Nigeria, in 2019, licensed the bank to operate as a national microfinance bank with branches in most of the local government areas of Nigeria. It is important to note that this microfinance bank is jointly owned by the Bankers Community (50%), Nirsal (40%) and Nipost (10%). However, we recall that before now, there was the Arochukwu Community Bank (ACB), which later transformed into Arochukwu Microfinance Bank (MFB), both of which unfortunately have ceased to function.Consequently, as the stakeholders launch the Nirsal Microfinance bank, the rural banking public in Arochukwu is a bit apprehensive as to whether the new microfinance bank will not suffer the fate of its aforementioned predecessors.
Perhaps, this apprehension is fed by other concerns such as whether another microfinance bank can survive in the context of the challenging business environment in Arochukwu and its environs? What are the prospects for the growth of medium, small and micro enterprises in Arochukwu local government given lack of basic physical infrastructure such as roads and power?Does it have any competitive edge over the more established banks such as Union Bank and First Bank already in operation? More importantly, with uncertainty around payment of salaries in Abia State, will the poor level of disposable income of rural dwellers support savings and investments thatis expected to sustain the bank?These and many more questions require urgent answers, if only to assuage the banking public and reassure everyone that this ‘’new kid in town’’ is worth giving a try. Currently, it will be important to assume that the public is hungry for relevant information on the basic underlying reasons for establishing the bank and its prospects in these economically trying times. This piece is therefore an attempt to enlighten the people on the objectives, business model, prospects and the advantages of the Bank to the development of small and medium scale businesses in Arochukwu local government Area.
Microfinance banking in Nigeria is justified based on a number of reasons; first, only 35 per cent of the economically active population have access to finance in Nigeria, while the remaining 65 per cent are excluded from financial access. Second, conventional commercial banks do not have business models that accommodate the small and micro nature of the credit finance required by small businesses to thrive. Consequently, over one third of the economically active population resort to informal means of accessingcredit finance including Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs), money lenders, friends and family, and credit unions etc. These credit sources, apart from the high interest rates they charge to cover their risk exposure for fear of default, lackproper regulationwhich impact negatively on the ability of Central bank to achieve monetary stability and sound financial system objectives.
In addition, the history of micro finance banking in Nigeria has been replete with unsuccessful stories given challenges associated with sustained economic instability and issues of poor corporate governance. Specifically, most of the existing micro finance institutions across Nigeria are routinely challenged by poor capital base which has implication for the size of the loans they can create; inability to mobilize deposits due to weak savings culture; lack ofasset- based collateral, which increase risks of default and furnishes the need to simplify their operations and tailorrural credit demand to strategic needs of the customers.The happy news is that these constraints on the operation of the micro finance bank were substantially addressed by Nirsal Microfinance bank and I will explain shortly.
The establishment of the Nirsal Microfinance bank is justified by the following reasons; currently very few existing national microfinance banks have national reach to rural communities in Nigeria. What we have seen over the years is that licensed national microfinance banks open offices in the urban centres where they gradually become micro finance banks only in name, but gradually transform into full commercial banks in operation. Consequently, such transformation quickly reinforcesan inverse relationship between increasing number of national micro finance banks andgeometrically increasing number of the financially excluded in Nigeria. In the light of this, financial access, especially among rural dwellers comes with very high lending rates and priced out of the reach of those that genuinely need it. This impacts negatively on their saving and investment capabilities and by extension the growth of both the rural and nationaleconomy. Therefore, the establishment of the Nirsal Microfinance bank was designed to fill these gaps both in its vision and mission; strategic objectives and the concept of its business benefits to the rural dwellers.
For instance, the vision of the Nirsal Microfinance bank is‘”delivering transformative financial and non-financial services all over Nigeria”’, while its mission is “’to be an effective National Micro finance Bank providing affordable products and Services in Nigeria using appropriate technology, and well-motivated staff”’. While the vision is targeted at bridging the widening gap between credit demand and supply in the rural areas, its mission is aimed at making credit finance not only available but affordable through improved banking services that will serve the growth of host rural communities including Arochukwu local government. The strategic objectives is therefore anchored on the need to make the Nirsal microfinance bank the hub for driving financial inclusion nationwide; creating jobs and enhancing the skills of citizens in rural communities; access to cheaper and affordable funds by Nigerian small holder farmers; easy access to credit and other financial services for SMES; more urgently, filling the gap arising from possible closure of some unviable Micro finance Banks across Nigeria, and the last and by no means the least, to improve and grow the economy of Nigeria on a sustainable basis.
As to whether the Nirsal Microfinance Bank matters for Arochukwu rural economy, my answer is an emphatic YES. And this is why. Some of the products are tailored to meet the needs of rural dwellers that face the twin challenge of low savings culture andfringe bottom lines for their micro businesses. The business model of Nirsal Microfinance bank offers a range of products that encourage micro and corporate savings on one hand and micro and corporate credit on another in a model that leaves no one interested in access to finance behind. Let’s take a look at some the unique products designed to serve the rural dwellers in Arochukwu and elsewhere which has taken into cognisance their unique financial and business environment challenges.
- AGRICULTURAL SMALL SCALE BUSINESS ENTERPRISES in Arochukwu Local government can access up to N10 million at 5% interest rate per annum from the Agricultural Small and Medium Scale Enterprises Scheme ( AGSMIES) promoted by Central Bank of Nigeria and administered through the Nirsal Microfinance bank. With micro and small agricultural investments growing in and around Arochukwu local government area, this presents rare opportunity for genuine investors in agriculture to access modest credit at the lowest interest rate in Nigeria,
- THE CBN ANCHOR BORROWERS PROGRAMME( ABP) which is intended to create a linkage between anchor companies involved in agricultural processing and small holder farmers to provide the feeder stock of raw materials to the plant can also take advantage of these facilities to drive their investment in small processing plants with the potential to engage small holder farmers operating in Arochukwu local government Area. The backward integration in agricultural value chain improvement in the local government will be heavily boosted through this product.
- NIRSAL MICRO FINANCE ALL ACCESS SAVINGS ( NAS) is a product targeted at existing small businesses and individuals who want to grow their income stream by depositing with an opening balance of as low as N2, 000 and a minimum account balance of N1, 000 at deposit interest rate of 4,05 per cent per annum. This simple deposit mobilisation product is targeted at the very poor and is capable of not only encouraging them to earn a little more money to grow their disposable income but inculcate in them the culture of savings currently at a very low level in Nigeria..
- NATIONAL MICRO FINANCE BANK ACCESS FOR KIDS ACCOUNT (NAK). This product allows parents to save for on behalf of their children aged between 0- 18 years. The minimum opening balance is N500 and once the child is above 18 years, he/she can choose to migrate to normal saving accounts. This product is a long term instrument which will encourage young couples to begin to save for their children education in the future and reduce their burden of training their children as the family grows.
- NIRSAL EASY ACCESS SAVERS ACCOUNTS (NAES) This is a savings account product designed for quick opening with primary focus on individuals who want to engage in active saving culture. This account has opening balance requirement of only N1, 000 with no minimum balance. This suggest that you can grow the account to any level you want provided you have what it takes to fund it.
- NIRSAL MICROFINANCE BANK ACCESS TARGET ACCOUNTS (NAT).This account is targets SMEs and individuals who wish to save regularly for a certain period of time to accomplish a purpose such as shop rent, buy goods, purchase equipment and for festivities ( Ikeji and Christmas for Aro residents). A lien (limit) is placed on the account with limited withdrawals by the account holder based on his or her instructions. This account has an opening balance ofonly N1,000 and a minimum balance of N500.
- NIRSAL MICROFINANCE BANK QUICK ACCESS INDIVIDUAL CURRENT ACCOUNT; this product is developed for individuals/ businesses owned and operated by either personal names or partnerships. Its basic features include, access to loans, third party transactions, access to electronic banking channels and no minimum balances.
- NIRSAL MICRO FINANCE BANK QUICK ACCESS CORPORATEACCOUNTS – This product is designed for corporate bodies such as limited liability companies, registered business names and NGOs. The account has an opening balance of N1,000 and a minimum Balance of N500.
In conclusion, it is understandable that Nirsal National Microfinance is unique in its business model and set objectives. If the business model is strictly followed the possibility of the microfinance transforming into a commercial banks and subsequently abandoning its target population may not occur. Arochukwu local government, given its unique business environment challenges is well positioned to take advantage this bank offers for the growth of its rural economy and that of the Nigeria economy too. PLEASE HURRY TO THE BANK TODAY AND MAKE YOUR PRODUCT CHOICE BEFORE THEY RUN OUT OF STOCK. Ndewo Nu. | https://www.aronewsonline.com/?p=4925 |
Majority of the global energy supply depends on fossil fuel sources such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas. However, energy production by these sources has significant environmental impacts such as air and water pollution, global warming, and environmental degradation. These issues have become the driving forces of searching for cleaner burning fuels. Bioenergy is a form of renewable energy, produced from plant and animal based materials which are called biomass feedstocks. Switchgrass, Big bluestem, and Indian grass are perennial (C4) warm-season grasses native to North America with great potential as bioenergy crops. They are highly adapted to growing under diverse growing conditions with low inputs, particularly on marginal lands. Improving water and nutrient retention ability of marginal lands could potentially increase biomass yield of crops on degraded landscapes. Biochar is a carbon-rich solid material, which is a product from pyrolysis of biomass under limited supply of oxygen (O2), and at relatively low temperatures (<700 degrees C). It can be applied as an organic soil amendment, for improving water and nutrient retention in marginal sandy soils. I expected that N fertilization with biochar application to low fertile soils would increase biomass production for switchgrass, big bluestem, and Indian grass. I conducted two greenhouse experiments as one in 2014 and one in 2015, to evaluate the effects of biochar amendments with different N rates on growth and biomass production of warm-season grasses. In the first study, potting media was prepared by homogenously mixing Promix(R) starter mix and sand at the volume ratio of 3:1, and 0, 5, 20, 35 Mg per ha rates of biochar. In the second study, the potting mix and sand (1:9 by volume) were mixed to create sandy marginal soils found along floodplains of major rivers. Four nitrogen (NH4NO3 fertilizer) application rates (0, 60, 120, 180 kg N per ha) were used in both experiments. Above and belowground biomass yield, net photosynthetic rate, and water holding capacity of the potting media were measured in both years. Aboveground biomass and photosynthetic rate was not increased for any of the species in both years with biochar addition. However, biochar by nitrogen fertilizer increased the belowground biomass of switchgrass in 2014 where 20 Mg per ha biochar and 60 kg N per ha resulted the highest belowground biomass. Root:shoot ratio of both switchgrass and Indian grass declined significantly with increasing N rates in 2015. Further studies should include long-term experimentation in marginal sandy soils to explore the benefit of using biochar for herbaceous biomass grass production at field and regional scale.
Degree
M.S. | https://mospace.umsystem.edu/xmlui/handle/10355/48628 |
Eating well, doing sports, relaxing, having time for leisure, etc., has an effect on our well-being. But what are the lifestyles that make us happier? In the following lines, we explain them to you.
1. Buddhist lifestyle
The Buddhist lifestyle has a spiritual basis, and it is a lifestyle that achieves inner peace thanks to the fact that it follows a series of principles that have their origin in the wisdom and practices of Buddha Gautama.
Buddhist practice is based on different types of meditation. In our article “The 8 types of meditation and their characteristics” we explain them to you. Also, if you are interested in this lifestyle, you may be interested in the following articles:
- The 12 laws of karma and Buddhist philosophy
- 70 Buddhist phrases to find inner peace
- Mandalas: the Buddhist wheels used in meditation
2. Mindfulness or Full Attention
Mindfulness is a teaching that comes from Buddhism and has become very popular in the West for its benefits for emotional and general health. Its popularity in the western world is due to Jon Kabat-Zinn, creator of the Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program. The power of Mindfulness is such that even psychologists use it in their consultations to improve the well-being of their patients. In fact, psychotherapy programs have been created that use this philosophy. For example, Cognitive Therapy Based on Mindfulness.
This practice allows you to learn to manage emotions, reactions, attitudes, and thoughts, and becomes a healthier method of coping with unpleasant situations.
3. Healthy diet
There are different types of diets, and some, although they seem healthy because they help you lose weight, in reality, they are not. Healthy diets provide the number of nutrients necessary for the proper functioning of the body and are not accompanied by the obsession with counting calories, but instead, a large variety of nutritious foods are ingested, containing healthy elements such as vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants.
However, this diet should not be performed for a certain time but should be a lifestyle, that is, we must be consistent and have healthy eating habits over time.
4. Mediterranean diet
The Mediterranean diet is a type of healthy diet that has its origin in a piece of land called the Mediterranean basin, a historically very rich place, where different civilizations have inhabited.
Scientific studies claim that our heart is especially healthy, as it is a balanced diet that emphasizes the varied consumption of foods, such as fruits, vegetables, cereals, fish, meat. Now, the greatest amount of calories should come from foods rich in carbohydrates.
Undoubtedly, one of the essential foods of the diet is olive oil, a great source of unsaturated fats. That is, healthy. The amount of food to consume should not be excessive, and this diet suggests grilling, boiling or eating raw and fresh foods. That is, fritters should be avoided.
5. Active and sportive lifestyle
In order for the lifestyle to be as healthy as possible, it is necessary for the person to be active, that is, not to be sedentary. At present, the pace of life of today's society leads many people to work in an office, and when they leave it, they do not perform any type of sport or physical exercise. This has serious consequences for your health not only physical but also emotional.
The active lifestyle includes sports practice for at least three days per week. The ideal is to perform both aerobic exercise and strength work. A healthy diet together with physical exercise should be on the agenda of all people, because in the long run, if not, the body and mind suffer.
6. Yogic
The yogic lifestyle is based on both the Buddhist lifestyle, the healthy diet and also the practice of yoga. This practice is not only an exercise, but it is a way of life that seeks well-being, inner peace and implies a lifestyle that commits to the observation of ethical guidelines, principles of life and adequate food. Yoga is vital to get in touch with oneself and many times with nature. It is mental relaxation, but it is also healthy for the body.
7. Veganism
Veganism, or a vegan diet, is based on not eating animal products. It is rather a philosophy or lifestyle than a diet, and vegans tend to be people who have an activist mentality in favor of animal rights. Therefore they do not eat meat, eggs, dairy products, any food that has its origin in any member of the animal species.
Although sometimes you may receive criticism, scientific research has proven that it is a healthy diet, as long as variety is included in the diet. It is essential, therefore, the intake of vegetable protein and foods high in iron.
8. Lacto-Ovo-vegetarianism
Lacto-Ovo-vegetarianism is a type of vegetarianism in which individuals do not consume red meat, white meat, fish or poultry. However, they do consume dairy products and eggs. This is the most common type of vegetarianism and the healthiest.
9. Personal development
Although the previous examples had a lot to do with self-care, food, and physical activity, a lifestyle that helps people to be very happy is one in which the person seeks their self-realization and every day works for it.
Having a life goal and carrying out an action plan helps people be motivated every day and live happier. Of course, the person must be realistic, and the objectives must be met step by step, so it is necessary to have short, medium and long term goals. | https://www.healthbeautyarea.com/2019/11/the-9-lifestyles-of-happy-people.html |
The Civil Guard of the Region of Murcia and the Local Police of Mula have developed, jointly, the operation ON, an investigation aimed at identifying the authors of several fires in buildings and urban furniture of Mula, which has culminated, until the At the moment, with the arrest of four young people, one of whom is a minor, to whom the presumed authorship of the crimes of arson and damages is attributed.
The investigation began last January to clarify the fire produced in the perimeter hedge of a local institute.
Since that date, and until the middle of the present month of February, several fires were happening with a similar modus operandi.
The fire began in the hedge of the schools and, due to the vegetal characteristics of the same one, propagated with rapidity and it extended with great flares that got to calcinar the totality of the plants.
In addition, on the same dates, there were another series of fires in different parts of the municipality that affected the urban furniture of gardens and municipal parks, all of which had generated some social alarm in the municipality of Mula.
The evidence obtained in the different criminal scenarios allowed to determine that the claims had been intentional with the intention of damaging different real estate by fire.
The research work developed below allowed to focus suspicion on several young people, residents of the town, among whom was a minor.
After gathering the necessary evidence, the researchers identified four young people who maintained certain bonds of friendship, two of them, in addition, brothers.
The Local Police of Mula and the Civil Guard have completed the operation ON with the location and simultaneous detention of four young people, one of whom is a minor, as alleged perpetrators of the arson and damages.
There are four males, one of them a minor, of Spanish nationality, three of them aged between 18 and 23 years.
In addition, several lighters have been seized, hidden in the vicinity of the house of one of those arrested.
Those arrested are allegedly responsible for the arson damage caused by the IES Ortega y Rubio Educational Centers (2), IES Rivera de los Molinos (2) and IES Anita Arnao (2), consisting of arson fire. hedges of the perimeter fences.
In addition, they are also related to fires of urban furniture, such as urban waste containers and those caused in the gardens of Barrio Viñegla and the Balate Scout group of the municipality.
According to the investigation, those now detained organized their criminal tasks to act quickly and efficiently.
To do this, they selected their target and studied the times when the presence of possible witnesses was lower, which led them to act during the wee hours of the weekends and holidays.
In some of the incidents, in addition, the fire caused a risk for the adjoining houses and for their inhabitants, arriving in one of the cases to spread until the clothes tended in the balcony of one of the next buildings.
The operation ON has culminated with the arrest, up to now, of four people as alleged perpetrators of arson and damage, although the investigation is still open to determine the possible involvement of more people.
Those arrested and the proceedings ordered have been made available to the Magistrate's Court No. 1 of Mula and the Office of the Public Prosecutor for Minors of Murcia.
The current Penal Code establishes, in its article 351, that those that provoke a fire that entails a danger for the life or physical integrity of the people, will be punished with the prison sentence of ten to twenty years.
The Judges or Courts may impose the lower penalty in degree taken care of the minor entity of the danger caused and the other circumstances of the fact.
When such danger does not occur for the life or physical integrity of the persons, the facts will be punished as damages foreseen in article 266 of this Code.
The penalty of imprisonment of one to three years shall be punished by the one who commits the damage to another's property by fire, or by causing explosions, or by using any other means of similar destructive power or that generates a relevant risk of explosion or of causing other damages. of special gravity, or endangering the life or integrity of people. | http://portaldemula.com/article.asp?id=1117368286 |
Bearden J. N., Wallsten T., Fox C. (2007). Contrasting Stochastic and Support Theory Accounts of Subadditivity Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 51(4), (pp229-241).
Numerous studies have found that likelihood judgment typically exhibits subadditivity in which judged probabilities of events are less than the sum of judged probabilities of constituent events.Whereas traditional accounts of subadditivity attribute this phenomenon to deterministic sources, this paper demonstrates both formally and empirically that subadditivity is systematically influenced by the stochastic variability of judged probabilities. First, making rather weak assumptions, we prove that regressive error (or variability) in mapping covert probability judgments to overt responses is sufficient to produce subadditive judgments. Experiments follow in which participants provided repeated probability estimates.The results support our model assumption that stochastic variability is regressive in probability estimation tasks and show the contribution of such variability to subadditivity. The theorems and the experiments focus on within-respondent variability, but most studies use between-respondent designs. Numerical simulations extend the work to contrast within- and between-respondent measures of subadditivity.Methodological implications of all the results are discussed, emphasizing the importance of taking stochastic variability into account when estimating the role of other factors (such as the availability bias) in producing subadditive judgments. | https://www.insead.edu/faculty-research/publications/journal-articles/contrasting-stochastic-and-support-theory-accounts-of-subadditivity-17782 |
The work is being done as part of a larger site assessment which began in May 2020 and is scheduled to be completed and available for review in the spring of 2021.
Lincoln Beach is currently closed to the public, in part due to the presence of alligators, venomous snakes and poisonous flora. Gathering at the beach is prohibited at this time.
The following surveys and assessments are ongoing:
- Topographic, Bathymetric, and Magnetometer Survey (90% complete) – survey of the shoreline demonstrating average water depths and the location of underwater debris that may present a challenge to converting the space to recreational use.
- Phase 1 Environmental Site Assessment and Habitat Assessment (5% complete) – A simple habitat assessment of the beach area to determine plant species that are present on-site, and to characterize habitat types and percent cover. Specifically, identify potentially poisonous flora, such as poisons oak or ivy, which pose a risk to staff or volunteers performing clean-up activities. Identifying invasive species and percent cover and provide an estimate to facilitate removal of such invasive species.
- Facility Asset Assessment (5% complete) – update the site inventory and assess the conditions of the parking lot structures, shelters, tunnels, swimming pool, concrete pads, and other historic structures.
- Facility Access Assessment (5% complete) – Evaluate current pedestrian, bicycle, vehicular, and public transit access possibilities and limitations. Potential future access points that meet the Americans with Disabilities Act will be identified, as well as opportunities and challenges for implementing future access points for pedestrian, bicycle, vehicular, and public transit.
- Utility Assessment (5% complete) – conduct a utility assessment of existing drainage, sewerage, potable water, gas, and electrical systems.
- Comprehensive Site Assessment (5% complete) – Includes conceptual level engineering evaluation and drawings indicating potential areas of future development of the site, suitability of the existing beach for recreational use, suitability of the existing waterfront structures and nearshore areas for recreational boating access, potential areas of ingress/egress, list of potential permits required for development of the site, and areas unsuitable for development due to the presence of wetlands or other environmental concerns.
When the assessments are complete, the City said it will provide residents with opportunities to review the draft study and offer feedback on how or if the recommendations in the study should be implemented.
The City is also working with the Preservation Resource Center to collect oral and photographic histories about Lincoln Beach which may become part of a future on-site history display. To submit your memories, send a message to Susan Langenhennig at [email protected].
The City has received inquiries about accessing Lincoln Beach. It is not currently safe to access the site. Residents found to have trespassed onto the site may be subject to trespassing citations of up to $500. | https://www.bizneworleans.com/cleanup-crews-brave-alligators-snakes-and-more-at-lincoln-beach/ |
How Much Puree For A 6 Month Old Baby: Feeding Tips
One debate posted a lot is how much puree for a six-month-old baby can eat? Although pediatricians advise many parents to start adding solid food to their babies about the age of six months, it may be difficult to decide how much to give your infant. We crashed some recommended feeding guidelines, but keep in mind that based on body weight, appetite, and age, all babies need specific quantities. In this article, we’re going to talk about how much solid food your baby should eat and other alternative purees you can serve to your little one.
Note: If you are unsure of how much puree or solid food you should feed your baby, it’s best to ask your pediatrician.
How Much Solid Food for Your Baby
Please do not ignore that your baby is a little person. Your infant has its hunger like any of us. It will affect how much puree for a six-month-old baby is going to eat. Some children and adults can consume more because of their different appetites than others. Here are a few important points in feeding your baby.
- A newborn who begins solid foods at age four would consume more solid foods than the baby who stopped consuming solid foods at age six months.
- A baby that eats soft diced types of food as entry-level foods would seem to eat much less than a baby that feeds on spoon purées.
- A baby that’s ill or teething could perhaps eat less than what is normal for a couple of days. The typical appetite tends to come back strong.
- When a baby is brought in a seat and served food, they are actively exploring the furniture.
The rapid growth delay babies are going through will also impact how often they eat. They can be restless for a couple of days or a week or two and, unexpectedly, scarcely feed. Babies trying to come out of a growth period will tend to consume less during the growth spurt than they had been.
Baby’s First Solid Food
It is time to start solids as quickly as the babies reach six months, and fruit purees are among the strongest first foods. That’s because they’re tasty, simple to cook, and are naturally delicious. It also gets the little one into the habit of consuming ample fruit servings every day.
Your baby is primed for foods from Stage 1 – Purees. With breast milk or formula, you can now give your infant single-ingredient fruit and veggie purees.
Here are some pureed foods flavors to guide you about what food items are safe, healthy, and flavorful for your newborn as you both make your way into solid food. Remember, many pediatricians strongly advise that babies begin solids at age 6.
Apple Puree
An immune booster full of nutritious benefits is what you like the first meal for your kid to be all for. Then it is an apple! Your baby would enjoy it with its abundance of fiber and light taste! Here’s how you can produce puree from it.
- Peel and core the apple.
- Slice into cubes.
- Steam cook till it becomes soft.
- Mash with the masher.
- Apple puree is ready to serve.
Banana Puree
Here is a fruit that needs no introduction. Who will not be fond of bananas? It is nothing short of a mega fruit, which is the first option for a healthy snack for most moms. It is also the choice of any mom because it helps her reach a safe weight gain. There is no explanation one can keep out of the goodness of it. Let’s check on the recipe for a puree.
- Peel the skin.
- Mash well with hands.
- Banana Puree is ready.
Papaya Puree
Papayas are among the fruits that are most nutritious and nourishing. Do you know papayas relieve constipation? Papayas are packed with fiber, nutrients, and folic acid, and they also help to grow and develop healthily.
- Peel the skin.
- Cut open into halves and deseed.
- Slice into cubes
- Mash with Masher.
- Papaya puree is ready.
Before adding some new products, make sure to obey the 3-day guideline to keep out allergies. Do not persuade your newborn to feed. Initially, only several spoons, and you can increase the volume slowly.
How Much Puree for a 6 Month Old
One lingering question that most moms ask is how much puree for a 6-month-old baby can eat? Apart from breast milk or formula, the World Health Organization (WHO) advises that children consume solid foods 2-3 times a day. As for how much food will end up in those tiny bellies, it’s suggested from a teaspoon to four tablespoons per meal everywhere.
Surprised, it is a tiny volume like this? Your kid still receives plenty of their breastmilk or food calories, and they’re only getting accustomed to a consistent daily eating routine. If your baby is breastfeeding or consuming a bottle before meals, you should anticipate that their intake of solid food will be on the lower end of this scale. At each feeding, 6-month-old babies drink 8 ounces of milk or formula, and the majority feed every 4-5 hours.
Your newborn should start consuming solids more often over the next three to four months, and obtain additional calories (including protein) from such non-milk foods.
Signs Your Baby Wants to Eat Solid
- Leaning over for the spoon
- Opening the mouth
- Grabbing for food and putting it in the mouth
Signs Your Baby May Be Full
- When the spoon comes close, your baby closes the mouth
- Spitting out the food
- Turns away your baby’s head
A healthy, well-nourished infant will consistently wet diapers and have one to two bowel movements throughout the day. Remember to take your newborn child to a pediatrician on every scheduled visit so your doctor can weigh and measure your baby to ensure sustained growth.
Conclusion
Don’t be disheartened if your six-month-old appears to take one or two bites at each meal. During taste bud preparation, only a single bite will go a long way, and they can consume more and more as they get a fresh growth spurt and all these different tastes. We suggest asking your pediatrician how much puree for a six-month-old baby you should give before giving up on breastmilk. Find out more about baby food.
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“The challenges faced by the higher education community due to COVID-19 are deep and lasting. We are all affected and need to respond. At ITHAKA, our not-for-profit mission is to make access to knowledge and education more accessible for all. We have asked ourselves what it means to fulfill that mission during these difficult times and have discussed with our trustees creative ways we can respond. Through these discussions we decided to establish a $4 million fee relief program and to develop a range of expanded access offerings to help schools and universities that have had to rapidly pivot to online instruction.
Our expanded access offerings for JSTOR-participating institutions in response to COVID-19 include access to unlicensed JSTOR Archive and Primary Source collections as well as Artstor at no cost. Participation in these programs has been remarkable; to date this content has been accessed more than 24 million times by users at nearly 12,000 institutions….”
Improving the discovery and impact of your digitised collections | Jisc
“Jisc and JSTOR are collaborating to support discovery, use, and impact of open digitised collections for the benefit of the research and teaching community and collection owners….”
Jisc – JSTOR Open Community Collections | About JSTOR
“Jisc and JSTOR are collaborating to support discovery, use, and impact of open digital collections for the benefit of the research and teaching community and collection owners. Jisc functions as the UK node for engagement with and take-up of the programme by UK universities with JSTOR providing the service delivery platform….”
Open Community Collections – learn how to get involved, with Jisc and JSTOR | Jisc
“Learn more about the Open Community Collections programme and how to get involved.
We’ll talk about how the project fits into the context of Jisc’s goals for digital archival collections, followed by a description of the Open Community Collections programme and its benefits from JSTOR/ITHAKA personnel….”
Share your digitised special collections as part of a growing online community | Jisc
“Open Community Collections unlocks the potential of an institution’s special collections by making them freely available on a platform already known and used by researchers, teaching staff and students.
After a successful pilot scheme with a select number of members, we are collaborating with JSTOR to open up the programme to the wider UK higher education community.
As part of our project with JSTOR to improve the discovery and impact of your digitised collections, we’re inviting members to propose their digitised collections for inclusion in the scheme….
Taking part is easy – simply let us know if you have any collections of digitised content that you would like to make accessible on the JSTOR platform, as part of Open Community Collections.
All work on ingesting content, delivery processes and ongoing platform support is carried out by JSTOR at no cost to the institution….”
Free access to digital collections through new Jisc and JSTOR collaboration – News | About JSTOR
“Not-for-profit ITHAKA, JSTOR’s parent organization, and the UK education and technology not-for-profit Jisc have agreed to a pioneering initiative that will allow institutions to make their digital special collections freely available to millions of researchers, faculties, and students around the globe.
The partnership gives UK higher education institutions the opportunity to add their digitized content to JSTOR’s Open Community Collections program, which enables libraries, museums, and cultural organizations around the world to bring together their materials, creating an unparalleled free resource for teaching and research….”
JSTOR’s paywall is still alive, but it’s trying to score brownie points during a pandemic
“But now, in an attempt to extend solidarity during the coronavirus crisis, JSTOR has announced free access to over 6,000 books and 150 journals. Great news, right? Except it’s not. Twitter users have pointed out that JSTOR has not released any essay that was under paywall; instead, it is just replugging those articles and papers that users already had open access to.
Essentially, JSTOR has simply tried to score brownie points on the back of a deadly virus that has claimed more than 10,000 lives globally. But then, the archival site is not known to be particularly kind to people.
Just for perspective, JSTOR has been unable to bring itself to give academics and researchers open access to ‘publicly sourced’ content at a time when the whole world is under quarantine and going through an unprecedented and unnatural crisis. Then again, it’s also a time to get on the bandwagon and be appreciated for doing nothing….”
Remembering Aaron Swartz’s legacy in light of JSTOR opening access | The Stanford Daily
“As JSTOR begins to reach people who would normally have not accessed articles in its database, Pfefferkorn said she hopes to see JSTOR acknowledge the ties between the current situation and what Swartz was trying to do. …”
Open-Access JSTOR Materials Accessible to the Public – The University Times
“A previous version of this article incorrectly implied that JSTOR had made its database accessible to the public for the first time. In fact, only certain materials from its database are available to the public, and this has been the case for some time. The headline, subheading and body of this article have been updated to reflect this information.
Online academic resource JSTOR has clarified that much of its database is accessible to the public, amid the widespread closure of universities across the world due to the coronavirus pandemic….”
Digitizing Printed Arabic Journals: Is a Scalable Solution Possible?
“In 2017, JSTOR received a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to investigate processes for digitizing Arabic-language scholarly content. Our goal in the project was to develop a workflow for scanning Arabic materials–especially journals– that is reasonably cost-efficient, feasible to implement at scale, and likely to produce high-quality images and metadata, including fully searchable text….
Through this investigation, we concluded that, using new metadata guidelines and OpenITI’s software, and leveraging specific workflows created jointly with Apex, it is possible for JSTOR to digitize Arabic language journals with the high-degree of accuracy needed to support search and discovery at a cost of approximately $3 per page, with the promise that this per page cost could be reduced further through continuous improvements in the OCR software engine. In this white paper, we contextualize our investigation in the broader landscape of digital scholarly literature in Arabic. We then document our approach and findings from this project, which took place over 20 months from April 2017 through December 2018. And finally, we lay out some areas we identified for potential further research….”
NextGen Innovation in Scholarly Communications: An Exemplary Collaboration between a Research Library and a Technology Partner | EDUCAUSE
“Often, “big idea” academic projects create high expectations for major change, generate enthusiasm and funding, and yet ultimately fail to deliver on their promised benefits. I recently stumbled on a case where that didn’t happen: the JSTOR Labs and Columbia University Libraries collaboration on the Reimagining the Monograph (RTM) project, which led to the relatively rapid creation of the TopicGraph prototype tool. As figure 1 shows, TopicGraph’s interface has monograph topics arranged in order of importance on the left (for quick scrolling), with key phrases and words highlighted in the text on the right. The interface, even in beta form, simply looks obvious. It looks almost ridiculously obvious — like iPhone-swipe-gesture obvious or peanut-butter-and-chocolate obvious — raising the question: Why hasn’t this been done before?…
The goal was to do more and get more value from the existing monographic infrastructure. Through this focus, the team landed on a particular research question or, in the parlance of design thinking, a testable hypothesis: In the transition to digital, what print-specific benefits might have been lost for readers of scholarly monographs? The team also pondered a companion question: What digital affordances might not yet have been tapped to enhance the use of digital monographs? …”
Sustainable Open Access and Impact: Celebrating OA Week | Policy Press Blog
“We [Bristol Universityh Press] offer a range of flexible open access options for both journals and book publishing which continue to evolve, and we are always interested in working with our authors to explore new ideas.
Both Green and Gold options are available for all our journal and book content and we are flexible to allow for funder compliance. See our open access options for books and open access options for journals for more information.
For journals our OA content is available to access on our IngentaConnect platform where it is clearly signposted.
For books we make our OA content available via OAPEN and JSTOR and we are delighted to be a part of the Knowledge Unlatched collections which are funded by libraries. | https://openscience.cmb.med.rug.nl/?cat=3064 |
Depression Associated with Increased DNA Methylation
Epigenetics is an emerging field where researchers are studying the ways environmental events and biochemical changes can affect the structure of DNA. Chemicals such as methyl groups can accumulate on DNA (a process called methylation), which usually results in suppression of genes in that area. DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which can also be methylated or acetylated (when acetyl groups accumulate) based on events in the environment, including stressors and drug use. The environmental events do not change the genetic inheritance people receive from their parents, but instead change the ease with which genes are transcribed (or switched on).
At the 2012 meeting of the Society of Biological Psychiatry, Dr. Yurong Xin et al. presented an abstract that indicates that depressed patients may have much more DNA methylation at CpG sites on genes. CpG sites occur in many genes and refer to a place where a cytosine and a guanine (two of the four building blocks of DNA) sit next to each other on the same strand of DNA (the ‘p’ refers to the chemical bond between the two). CpG sites can become methylated. Xin and colleagues measured 27,578 CpG sites across 14,000 genes in the human genome. They found an eightfold increase in DNA methylation at these CpG sites in depressed patients compared to controls.
Editor’s Note: Previous research has found that early life experiences like psychosocial stress can lead to epigenetic changes. The new findings by Dr. Xin indicate that DNA methylation may occur and accumulate across the lifespan and suggests that DNA methylation may be associated with the emergence and progression of depression. Future treatments for depression could target this DNA hypermethylation, but determining how to do that selectively without affecting normal functioning may be a challenge. | https://bipolarnews.org/?p=1556 |
I don’t think there has ever been a time in my life where I thought to myself, “I have enough storage.” Or perhaps more accurately, I have never thought “Everything I own has place.” Ask anyone who knows me well and they will tell you my organization skills are the opposite of Marie Kondo. I have a habit of throwing clothes onto the nearest chair/dresser/table as I am getting ready for the day (and sometimes, I do this multiple times a day to my boyfriend’s utter chagrin). Then, to “clean up,” I am the queen of throwing clothes and clutter blindly into drawers and cabinets. By the way, it has come to my attention that shoving clothes into a dresser unfolded takes up a lot more space then if said things were neatly folded into perfectly symmetrical squares. Who knew?
If it isn’t obvious already, storage for someone like me is best presented in the form of several LARGE drawers and cabinets to keep things out of sight and to keep up the appearance that I am “tidy.” (p.s. will I ever change? Someone, please send help). The problem is space doesn’t always allow for king-sized dressers and trunks to make up for my messy little habits. In any case, my ideal situation would be to cast an Undetectable Extension Spell a la Hermione Granger and never have to worry about where things go ever again. But so long as Hogwarts doesn’t exist and I have to function through life magic-free, storage furniture is where it’s at and here is why: pieces that are multi-functional are always going to help you save on space. If every piece of furniture I had also served as a place for storage, I would likely be a better, more tidy partner.
So, if you too have storage woes, or if you simply love functional, practical furniture, I sincerely hope you will come along with me on this journey as I attempt to write about storage in a fun, interesting way that won’t have you falling asleep into your coffee. I think we found some really great storage solutions that are versatile and multi-faceted (and really cool) that we hope you will love as much as we do. Let’s get into it.
Beds
What I love about platform beds equipped with drawers or storage compartments is that they make it impossible for things to get misplaced under the bed. Take #2 for example. There is no way anything is getting underneath that sucker. There is nowhere for runaway socks to hide, and no place for empty water bottles to stow away for months. Plus, like I said before, any piece of furniture that has extra drawer space is going to make you a better human being and make your partner/roommate love you more (or is that just me?). Regardless, bed frames aren’t just for looks and can be a great extra storage solution.
1. Stratton Storage Platform Bed Frame With Drawers | 2. Nexera Nordik 3-Drawer Storage Bed | 3. Chesterfield Tufted Storage Bed | 4. Astoria Storage Headboard & Platford Bed | 5. Massie Storage Platform Bed | 6. Malm Lift-Up Storage Bed | 7. Nordli Bed Frame With Storage | 8. Fortin Upholstered Storage Platform Bed | 9. Matera Bed | 10. Urbano Storage Platform Bed | 11. Step One Storage Platform Bed | 12. Brooklyn Storage Bed & Headboard | 13. Bowlin Storage Platform Bed | 14. Brandy Modern Fabric Platform Bed With Storage Drawer | 15. Hemnes Daybed with 3 Drawers
Benches
I love a good entryway bench. They can be really chic and also SO practical. If you are a renter like me, something like #1 is great because it adds height (very important) and dimension, while also serving many functions. You can hang up your purse, backpack, and hats for easy accessibility when you are running out the door. If you have pets and need a place to hide toys, leashes, and treats, something like #11 would be perfect. The possibilities are endless, my friends.
1. Easmor Hall Tree | 2. Dusk Leather and Wood Storage Bench | 3. Ronquillo Upholstered Storage Bench | 4. Dean Sand Storage Bench | 5. Boatman Wood Storage Bench | 6. Parocela Wood Storage Bench | 7. Belham Living Storage Entryway Bench | 8. As You Wish Upholstered Storage Bench | 9. Birch Plywood Storage Bench | 10. Navy Textured Decorative Storage Bench | 11. Matera Storage Bench | 12. Palm Canyon Louella Velvet Storage Bench | 13. Cleo Storage Ottoman | 14. Loring Storage Bench | 15. Belham Living Finn Mid Century Modern Bench
Coffee Tables
When it comes to coffee tables, we think you should never have to substitute style for practicality. Depending on your needs, you might want a table with open storage to display your favorite books that also has a drawer for your tv remote, coasters and games. #15 (my personal favorite) is a great option if open shelving is more your style.
But…some of us need some more space (ahem, me). Here is the thing, I love throw blankets. They are the unexpected gift you receive from a cousin on Christmas and get SUPER excited about because you realize you can never have enough blankets (like candles!). But, unless you have a plethora of linen closets, the question is where do they go when summer comes along and even the sight of a faux sherpa blanket makes you break out into a sweat? Answer: in your coffee table! See #1 for example. It is about 2 and a half feet wide and can certainly hold two throw blankets that will be ready for you when the cold months return.
1. Drum Storage Coffee Table | 2. Two Drawer Coffee Table | 3. Poplar Wood Lift Top Dixon Coffee Table | 4. Ruby Storage Coffee Table | 5. Zen’s Bamboo Lift Top Coffee Table | 6. Euro Style Aurora Coffee Table | 7. Naya Pop-Up Coffee Table | 8. Pure Storage Coffee Table | 9. Oslari Painted Coffee Table | 10. Aurelle Home Wood and Iron Industrial Coffee Table | 11. Industrial Storage Pop-Up Coffee Table | 12. Gold Hammered Coffee Table | 13. Reda Lift Top Coffee Table with Storage | 14. Charles Coffee Table | 15. Porthos Home Bowie Mid-Century Coffee Table
Ottomans & Stools
Ottomans are a great place to store throw blankets (again), books, board games, playing cards, sewing supplies, you name it. Really anything you use often but don’t necessarily want displayed all the time can easily be stored in an ottoman like #11. I would even throw slippers or an extra pillow in there for movie nights because why not be prepared for a comfy night in?
1. Frankford Tufted Storage Ottoman | 2. Loring Storage Cube | 3. Trinity Hexagonal Storage Ottoman | 4. Natural Abaca and Wood Odette Storage Ottoman | 5. Movie Salt & Pepper Storage Ottoman | 6. Jonathan Leather Storage Ottoman | 7. Square Storage Ottoman | 8. Carson Carrington Storage Ottoman | 9. Upholstered Base Storage Ottoman – Large | 10. Round Accent Storage Ottoman | 11. Alina Storage Ottoman | 12. Mid-Century Ottoman | 13. Glenmont Storage Ottoman | 14. Bozeman Tufted Storage Ottoman | 15. Porch & Den Rockwell Tufted Storage Stool
Shoe Storage
Remember, a lot of these pieces can be used in a number of ways, in whatever way fits your lifestyle. Do not be fooled by the product description. It is your life so you should definitely let your furniture be whatever it needs to be for you. For example, when I saw #12, my brain immediately went, “woah, what a cool shoe organizer!” It is technically not for shoes, but I say why the heck not? It can be if I want it to because I am an ADULT that makes very important ADULT decisions.
There are a lot of options here to completely hide your shoes but if you are like me, sometimes you want to display those babies. I like to keep the shoes I wear the most out in the open and I also tend to display my favorite pairs because who says shoes can’t also act as decor? IMO, shoes are a great way to show off your personal style both inside and outside the home. Something like #2 could act as both, by hiding your not-so-cute shoes and displaying the ones you love love love.
1. 18 Pair Shoe Storage Cabinet | 2. 16 Pair Shoe Storage Cabinet | 3. Carson Carrington 18 Pair Shoe Cabinet | 4. Gunter Wood Storage Bench | 5. Stall 8 Pair Shoe Cabinet | 6. Shoe Rack Entryway Storage With Hidden Compartment | 7. Cade Modern 18-Pair Shoe Storage Cabinet | 8. Lucy Entry Collection Shoe Bench | 9. Hemnes 9 Pair Shoe Cabinet | 10. Kace Tall Locker Storage Console | 11. 2-Door Entryway 16 Pair Shoe Storage Cabinet | 12. Industrial Storage Dresser
Okay my friends, that is all we have for you today. Are you pro storage furniture or totally against it? What are your storage secrets? Tell me everything. | https://stylebyemilyhenderson.com/blog/need-storage-closets-arent-getting-bigger-72-storage-furniture-picks |
Start Eating a Healthy Low-GI Diet in 4 Simple Steps
Eating a low glycaemic index (GI) diet is a fantastic way to maintain overall health and prevent or reverse prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.
Wondering what a low-GI diet is?
A low-GI diet consists of slow-digesting carbohydrates that increase blood glucose levels gradually without causing insulin spikes. Low-GI carbohydrates include beans, lentils, barley, green leafy vegetables, and apples.
As you may have guessed, eating a well-balanced low-GI diet can minimise blood sugar fluctuations and increase insulin sensitivity, which improves blood glucose control and lowers the risk of type 2 diabetes. Notably, a low-GI diet with moderate-high intensity exercise can put type 2 diabetes in remission.
Slow-digesting carbohydrates are crucial for a low-GI diet but eating quality proteins, and fats are also essential to keeping the GI of your diet low. And you must also eat these foods in the correct proportions.
Before we teach you how to start eating a healthy low-GI diet, let’s cover some basics.
What is the Glycaemic Index?
The glycaemic index (GI) measures how carbohydrates affect your blood glucose levels. It ranks foods on a scale of 0 to 100, depending on how quickly they raise blood sugar levels. Foods that raise blood sugar very quickly have a high number, whereas foods that raise blood sugar slowly have a lower number.
Glucose and white bread raise blood glucose the quickest and have the highest GI rating of 100. Scientists determine the GI of other foods by comparing their effects on blood sugar with those of glucose or white bread, typically white bread.
To do this, scientists give healthy individuals 50g of white bread and then measure their blood glucose levels at regular intervals over two hours. They repeat the same experiment with the food they’re investigating, i.e., measuring blood glucose levels at regular intervals over two hours after the test food is eaten.
They then divide the blood glucose response of the test food by that of white bread and multiply by 100; the resulting figure is the GI of the food.
GI is grouped into three categories for easier interpretation. Foods with a GI of:
- 0 – 55 are low, e.g., barley, beans, leafy vegetables
- 56 – 69 are medium, e.g., white basmati rice, pasta
- 70 – 100 are high, e.g., white bread, watermelon, white, long-grain rice
A key point about the GI of a food is that it varies depending on the amount you eat and if you eat it with other foods. For example, 20g of watermelon has a lower GI than 50g, and 100g of white rice has a higher GI than 40g. Moreover, the GI value of 50g of apple and 50g of peanut butter is lower than 50g of apple.
Another vital point is that not all low GI foods are ‘healthy’ and not all high GI foods are ‘unhealthy’. For example, a snickers bar has a GI of 43, while watermelon has a GI of 72. Watermelon is clearly more nourishing than a snickers bar with its high vitamin and mineral content.
You should focus on both the quality and quantity of food you eat to get the most of the GI rating. Notably, the glycaemic load, which considers both GI and portion size, is more effective for controlling blood sugar and maintaining overall health.
GI VALUES OF COMMON CARBOHYDRATE-CONTAINING FOODS
How to Eat a Healthy Low-GI Diet
1 | Upgrade your carbohydrate choice
Eating a low GI diet starts with choosing high-quality carbohydrates, specifically carbohydrates in their natural, unprocessed forms. These carbohydrates generally have a higher fibre content and retain most of their naturally occurring vitamins and minerals, making them more nourishing than their refined alternatives. Because of their higher fibre content, your body digests high-quality carbohydrates slowly, causing your blood sugar levels to rise gradually.
Which carbohydrates are considered high-quality?
High-quality carbohydrates include whole grains such as brown rice, pearl barley, oats, and sweet potatoes. They also include all vegetables, fruits, nuts, seeds, beans, and lentils.
The first thing you can do is swap most refined grains in your diet with whole grains. For example, you can switch white bread for whole wheat or seeded brown bread, white long-grain rice for brown, long grain rice or basmati rice (white basmati rice has a lower GI than brown rice) and sugary breakfast cereals like Frosties for all bran or bran flakes.
2 | Combine foods properly
We generally don’t eat carbohydrates alone. But if you do, please stop because it spikes your blood sugar and insulin excessively. That said, eating carbohydrates with high-quality proteins and fats is a fantastic way to lower the GI of your diet, even if you choose a high GI carbohydrate.
Proteins such as meat, poultry, and eggs have minimal effects on blood glucose and insulin levels. And although considered vegetables, beans and lentils are good protein sources that also have low GI levels. But their GI levels are not as low as meat, poultry, or eggs.
Fats are unique because they are the only macronutrient with negligible effects on blood glucose and insulin. Just pairing carbohydrates with fat lowers the GI of your meal, and adding protein further reduces it because it slows down digestion and keeps you satisfied for longer.
A good rule of thumb is to ensure you have high-quality carbohydrates, proteins, and fats on your plate always. Meals with this food combination will keep you full for longer periods and provide many vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
3 | Master portions
Portion size matters!
Even if you choose high-quality carbohydrates and pair them with high-quality fats and proteins, the GI of your meal can end up being high if your portion sizes are too large.
The amount of food you need varies depending on your age, height, weight, activity levels and lifestyle. A 32-year-old woman, who weighs 60kg, is 5’2” inches tall, exercises five times a week and has a very active job will have completely different requirements to a 50-year-old woman who weighs 80kg, is 5’10” inches tall, exercises once a week and have a sedentary job.
One size clearly doesn’t fit all.
And this is the reason diets with blanket suggestions for all women fail. Our registered nutritionist can determine the right portions of food for you based on your age, height, weight, exercise levels, lifestyle, and goals.
You can enquire about this service here.
4 | Plan, plan, plan
Don’t underestimate the power of planning. Planning makes your life much easier and dramatically reduces decision fatigue.
Choose your least busy day to select the snacks, meals, or recipes you’d like to eat the following week and then create a list of the ingredients you need for them. You can make life even easier by selecting frozen items (e.g., vegetables or fruit) to cut down on preparation time and batching cooking foods like stews and curries or roasting chicken and vegetables that you can reheat throughout the week.
Ensure you always have low-glycaemic convenience foods stocked. Foods like edamame, eggs, nuts, seeds, fruits and chopped vegetables, e.g., carrots, cucumbers, bell peppers and hummus, make fantastic snacks.
So, how do you start eating a healthy low-GI diet?
You first understand what GI means, then upgrade your carbohydrate choices, learn to combine food groups correctly, eat the correct portion sizes and plan.
Simple, right?
We all know that most things are easier said than done. But don’t read without acting. Put these tips into practice at your next meal if possible
And remember, you don’t have to go big or go home. You can start small and stay consistent. Your destination is what matters.
Make 2022 your year. You can do this!
REFERENCES
- Atkinson, F.S., Foster-Powell, K., Brand-Miller, J.C. (2008) Internation talbes of glycaemic index and glycaemic load values: 2008. Diabetes Care, 31: 2281-2283.
- Henry, C.J., Quek, R.Y.C., Kaur, B., Shyam, S * Sing, H.K.G. (2021) A glycaemic index compendium of non-western foods. Nutrition and Diabetes, 11: 2
- Ranawana, D.V., Henry, C.J.K., Lightowler, H.J., & Wang. D. (2009) Glycaemic index of some commercially available rice and rice products in Great Britain. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 60(Supplement 4): 99-110.
- Thomas, D.E. & Elliott, E.J. (2010) The use of low-glycaemic index diets in diabetes control. British Journal of Nutrition, 104: 797-802.
- Augustin, L.S.A., Kendall, C.W.C., Jenkins, D.J.A., Willett, W.C., Astrup, A., Barclay, A.W., Bjorck, I., Brand-Miller, J.C., Brighenti, F., Buyken, A.E>, Ceriello, A., La Vecchia, C., Livesey, G., Liu, S., Riccardi, G., Rizkalla, S.W., Sievenpiper, J.L., Trichopoulou, A., Wolever, T.M.S., Baer-Sinnott, S., and Poli A. (2015) Glycaemic index, glycaemic load and glycaemic response: An international scientific consensus summit from the International Carbohydrate Quality Consortium (ICQC). Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases, 25: 795-815. | https://somiigbene.com/start-eating-a-healthy-low-gi-diet-in-4-simple-steps/ |
Next 1, 10 ; listboxIntegers. Hello, Hope this code will help. ToString intMissing ; } } }. Repeating exactly the same phrase three times for your heading, description and tag does not really help us to understand your question. We cannot read minds, so if you do not tell us then we don't know! Random Number Generator lets you generate six random numbers between 1 and 42. You start with a list of the integer values 1. I ended up with this code.
It can be more polished, but this is how I would do it. To generate a list of non-repeating random numbers, you could use the method many use to deal cards. Here is what I have so far. ToString intMissing ; } } } I am adding the numbers to the listbox to see what the randomly generating numbers in the array are. You have not explained if you want integers or decimal random numbers, or what distribution they should have, or any other special conditions that you might have. I changed it a bit, but the logic should work correctly.
. The code below generates a list of nine non-repeating randoms in the range of 1. You then generate random indexes into the list of values, and pull the value into your new list, while at the same time removing it from the list of future values. I'm trying to write a program that will generate a set of 9 unique random numbers between 1 and 10, store them in an array, and then find which of the numbers is missing from the array. You can also generate a random number or a list of random numbers between any two numbers of your choice, select any amount of numbers you want to generate from 1 to 200 and choose if you want to generate numbers in one or two ranges. The actual assignment was to find a missing value in a number sequence 1-100. | http://aegisinteractive.com/generate-6-random-numbers-from-1-to-58.html |
Set contains five 13" x 19" Tibetan prayer flags; one in each of the 5 primary colors. Your choice: images & prayers of either Wind Horse (Lung Ta), Guru Rinpoche, White Tara or Amitayus.
Note: Cotton flags and 5 color cord may be burned if it is desired to "retire" prayer flags from use.
These colorful prayer banners, when hung outside, bestow blessings on the surroundings, sending prayers on the wind for the benefit of all sentient beings. Woodblock prints on quality cotton, each flag portrays a deity, or auspicious symbols, with mantras.
Each set contain five 9 ft. flags in the primary colors. | http://dharmaware.com/prayer_flags.html |
What is a case study methodology?
A case study is a research methodology that has commonly used in social sciences. A case study is a research strategy and an empirical inquiry that investigates a phenomenon within its real-life context.
Is a case study qualitative?
Unlike the other approaches we discuss, case study research does not emerge from a particular social scientific tradition. Additionally, case studies can be qualitative and/or quantitative. Case studies have been considered a research strategy or design, an evaluation method, and a reporting mode.
What should a site analysis include?
The typical site analysis includes the site location and size, neighborhood context, zoning, legal aspects, geology, physiography (natural and man-made features), hydrology, soils, vegetation, wildlife, climate, culture, pedestrian and vehicular circulation, access, utilities, historic factors, density, sensory stimuli …
How do you analyze a case study in architecture?
Various measures taken to enhance a particular space should be analyzed. Analyzing the reason behind the form of that particular building…and how it merges with the surrounding environment. Form and Function go hand in hand. The form of the building should be able to convey the function of the building.
How do you analyze a case study?
Preparing the Case
- Read and Examine the Case Thoroughly. Take notes, highlight relevant facts, underline key problems.
- Focus Your Analysis. Identify two to five key problems.
- Uncover Possible Solutions/Changes Needed. Review course readings, discussions, outside research, your experience.
- Select the Best Solution.
What are the activities the architect must execute?
Design, Plan and Develop Designing, planning and developing are integral tasks in an architect’s daily routine. Architects may be required to provide predesign figures such as an environmental impact or feasibility study, cost analysis and land-use study.
How do you draw a sun path on site analysis?
The Steps
- initial map.
- use Sun Calc to find your sun path.
- adjust to a generic date and time.
- locking layers can be quite useful.
- adjust the sun path image.
- the circle is the base for the sun path diagram.
- clipping masks.
- draw the sun angles.
What do architects do daily?
On a daily basis, Architects design or plan construction of green building projects to minimize adverse environmental impact or conserve energy. Prepare scale drawings or architectural designs, using computer-aided design or other tools.
What is salary of architect?
76,100 USD (2015)
What is architectural analysis?
Architectural analysis focuses on defining a candidate architecture and constraining the architectural techniques to be used in the system. It relies on gathering experienced gained in similar systems or problem domains to constrain and focus the architecture so that effort is not wasted in ‘architectural rediscovery’.
What is case study method in qualitative research?
A case study is a research method common in social science. It is based on an in-depth investigation of a single individual, group, or event. Case studies may be descriptive or explanatory. Case Studies. A tutorial on case study research from Colorado State University.
What are the tips and tricks that make security architecture risk assessment easier?
What are the tips and tricks that make security architecture risk assessment easier?
- Document your current enterprise security architecture.
- Document your target security architecture.
- Create a security management framework.
- Be proactive.
- Work together.
- Implement security barriers.
- Third party involvement.
What is the importance of site analysis?
Good site analysis allows the designer to improve the project, ensuring that the building makes the best use of the resources, such as light, access, views, on the site as possible. It should also allow the designer to anticipate any potential issues which may cause problems to the project.
How do you analyze architecture?
How to Analyze Architecture — questions to ask yourself:
- What is the Building Built for?
- Materials and Facade. What materials are they using?
- More on its Usefulness.
- What’s the Surrounding Area Like?
- Light.
- Human Movement.
- Get Inside and Play with the Thing.
What is the purpose of case study?
The general purpose of a case study is to: → describe an individual situation (case), e.g. a person, business, organisation, or institution, in detail; → identify the key issues of the case (your assignment question should tell you what to focus on); → analyse the case using relevant theoretical concepts from your unit …
How do you show site analysis?
Presenting your Site Analysis
- Give an overview of the site and the information you have found.
- Show some of the key photographs of the site.
- Give more detail about the elements of your site analysis that you feel will be important in your design process.
- Make sure you include images.
What skills do architects have?
You’ll need:
- design skills and knowledge.
- knowledge of building and construction.
- to be thorough and pay attention to detail.
- thinking and reasoning skills.
- customer service skills.
- excellent verbal communication skills.
- analytical thinking skills.
- the ability to use your initiative.
What is the main role of an architect?
Architects create designs for new construction projects, alterations and redevelopments. They use their specialist construction knowledge and high-level drawing skills to design buildings that are functional, safe, sustainable and aesthetically pleasing.
What is a site analysis in architecture?
Architecture site analysis is the process of researching and analysing the social, historical, climatic, geographical, legal, and infrastructural characteristics of a given site, and synthesizing these analyses into visual information — usually in the form of site analysis diagrams.
What is literature case study in architecture?
a systematic and critical analysis of the literature on a specific topic. It describes trends, quality, relationships, inconsistencies and gaps in the research; and it details how the works enhance your understanding of the topic at large.
How long do architects work daily?
It works out to about 5 hours per week or one extra hour per day. That certainly doesn’t support the stereotype that architects work all the time and like crazy.
When should the architect begin the analysis?
After the end user and client sign’s off and finalizes the information and requirement, then the architect should begin with the analysis and implementation of the code, system or the security feature. | https://www.digglicious.com/tips-for-writing/what-is-a-case-study-methodology/ |
Essays on Sparta
Girls remained at home and learned crafts and poetry from their mothers; they often marry at age At age 18 men go to the army for two years and then they get back home to work. Women, however, stayed at home to raise and take care of children. These 2 civilizations were based in 3 ways of government monarchy, oligarchy and democracy. The monarchy is based in a government ruled by a king or a queen.
On the other hand, oligarchy was based in a government that was ruled by a small group of citizens that make decisions. However, the democracy is a system in which the citizens vote to make governmental decisions. The disadvantages of the democracy are that anyone may be a candidate, also that some citizens were not decided and that the people may not agree so there may be fight. However these types of government have advantages like the monarchy, the king may control everything so he could make the right choices.
In the oligarchy the group of citizens may make good laws that help the civilization. Finally the democracy was the best because the citizens may choose the government.https://jangreerelipis.tk
Athens and Sparta Essay
As the Spartans the Athenians have a strong military, the two civilizations have a majority in land soldiers rather than sailors. As Athenians the Spartans had a good education but the Athenians were more interested on it, the two civilizations made that the children start education at the age of 7. As the Spartans the Athenians had different way of government but their government was good, they used 3 ways of government: monarchy, oligarchy and democracy.
- Essay: Athens and Sparta;
- Athens vs. Sparta - Comparative - Free Essay Example | jauconsropert.gan.
- Athens and Sparta Essay - Words.
As they had similarities they also had differences. The military of Sparta was huge and the best of all but the Athens military was a simple but strong military, the young boy started to train at the age of 7 but the Athenians went to the army at the age of 18, the Spartans kept on the army up until 60 years old but the Athenians just started to work when they get back from army. In the government The Athenians were the ones who started the democracy, it was called limited democracy that means that not everybody could vote only the ones with citizenship and the important people, and the one who started the democracy was Draco when he took the power.
However the Spartans had a way to govern that they had an assembly named the council of elders, the made up the laws and the ones that choose instead of the people. The Athens had a good education and many subjects to study on, the women also study but they need to be at home and learning about crafts and poetry from their mothers and they marry at age The roles that Spartans men had in the civilization was very hard, when they are born the healthy kids were raised by the mothers but the unhealthy kids were taken to a cave so they die.
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When they had 7 years old they were trained and by physical education, they training were made up of punishments and hard training. When they get to age of 18 they serve the army for their whole life, when the women was born they were not so important as the men so they were raised, at the age of 7 they hay physical education but at the age of 15 they got marry and raised the kids.
When Athenian children were being trained for life, Spartan children were being trained for battle. Athens and Sparta were very different, especially in their views of politics, military, and culture.
Comparing Lives Of Athenian And Spartan Women Background Essay - essay sample
These two city-states had very different opinions of their military. They were both very powerful and extremely feared. Many Greek cities dreaded facing the Athenian navy where Sparta frightened these city-states on land.
The lives of Spartans revolved around military. At age seven, each and every Spartan boy would be required to start his training at the agoge to become an elite fighter. The education given was meant to create Spartans into soldiers. Not only were the Spartans raised to be military-minded, but they were also expected to be a disciplined soldier. The strict rules of the government made it so that every Spartan was to be physically fit and always ready for battle. Once of age and rank, a Spartan warrior would be invited to a mess, this would house a Spartan for the rest of his life. Without belonging to a mess, a Spartan would be nothing.
Spartans thrived for battle and this is why they continuously won each battle they entered. The Spartan soldiers remained very close with each other considering most of them are related. They fight in a phalanx formation, which is almost impeccable. Before being defeated at the battle of Epiminondas against Thebes, the Spartan army was triumphant in over continuous battles. The Athenians continually added new ships, making it almost impossible for other armies to defeat.
- gentrification research paper;
- ≡Essays on Sparta. Free Examples of Research Paper Topics, Titles GradesFixer;
- A Comparison of Education in Ancient Greece: Athens and Sparta | Kibin.
- what to write about in college admissions essays!
View full version. We will send an essay sample to you in 2 Hours. | https://jauconsropert.ga/3731-essays-about.php |
Ancient Civilization II Unit Study with Lapbook
The longer I homeschool, the more fond I become of returning to topics that we have studied before especially if it is about history. Don’t you think it takes a while to get a good skeleton or outline of some of the basic empires or civilizations of history? After that, it is all about adding in the details you enjoy the most. Oh yes, I still have to cover some of the basic accomplishments of each civilization as each kid gets older, but there is always a unique angle to presenting the information the second, third and fourth time around.
There are so many ancient civilizations to focus on in this study we are focusing Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, Greece, and Celts. Even though we have covered this before, the older the kids get the more they appreciate about each civilization. The more in depth you study any civilization you realize that a lot of them have some pagan roots associated somewhere. You have to sort through and pick the things like art or influences on our language that made changes, good or otherwise, and discard the other things about their culture that focused on pagan things.
Ancient Civilization II Lapbook
Ancient Civilizations Hands-On Activities
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Celtic Cakes
We found a recipe and I think my boys thought they were making something similar to oatmeal cookies. The Celtic cakes were much more like a flat bread. The boys put some sugar and cinnamon in them too and after they were baked, they ate them with honey.
Tip: You can include the recipe card in your lapbook.
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Hands-On Ideas
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Greek Copywork & Poetry
The poem is Greece by Robert Frost. It is one of his more obscure and early poems, it gives a glimpse into his early writing and it shows his interest in history and idealization of heroic figures. I thought this would go along with our Ancient Civilization unit so we are trying to commit this to our memory.
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Easy Peazy Roman Costume
It has never been a secret that I don’t sew and barely craft. So when it came time to get Tiny ready for our year end co-op when studying Ancient Civilizations, I turned to cardboard and duct tape.
Be sure to Find some Ancient Civilizations Coloring Pages
in my 20 Free History Based Pages Post.
Get your Ancient Civilization II Lapbook Downloads Here
Ancient Mesopotamia Minibook
The ancient Greeks called the area “Mesopotamia” which means between the rivers. It was here that the ancient Sumerian, Assyrian an Babylonian civilizations lived.
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This part of the world was the birthplace to written language. Much of the region is hot and dry and desert today, but it appears that in ancient times the land was very fertile. This area was mostly located in what is now Iraq but also extended into Syria, Turkey and Iran.
Download Mesopotamia minibook here.
Sumer Minibook
Though Mesopotamia is an early civilization, it can be confusing to understand about Sumer. So I made it a separate minibook. Understanding that Sumer developed in Mesopotamia which I normally explain to my boys as an area located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers helps to understand that Sumer was an early civilization too. From there it is easier to associate the Sumerian ruler, Sargon, which I had made a minibook about him in my first round when covering this time period. This time I made a minibook focusing more on what they actually invented which was a system of writing and irrigation. Because they were farmers, irrigation was an important livelihood. Understanding how irrigation helped them to live farther away from the rivers is an important concept in explaining how they thrived as a civilization. Sure, it probably is not as glamorous to study about farming and irrigation as maybe studying about mummies, but it is solid because it is the roots of ancient civilization.
Download the minibook on Sumer here.
Minoan and Mycenaean Civilizations Minibook
The Minoans settled on the island of Crete at the same time as the rise of Mesopotamia and Egypt. This civilization too has royal palaces and paved roads. In Minoan culture, bulls were significant and vaulting off the back of bulls was a sport. The Mycenaean were skilled at using gold, built the first Greek empire and were highly civilized even though all around them were barbarian tribes. That is enough to understand about each culture if you are trying to keep it simple. I like simple.
This minbook is a layered book about the Minoan and Mycenaean and all you do is staple on the side. There are two options, one with text and one without text.This allows you to use it with both, older and younger children, or to use the information given if you are in a bind for time.
Download here minibook on the Minoans and Mycenaean.
Ancient Egypt Minibook
The next minibook for the Ancient Civilizations Unit is about Ancient Egypt. Most of the time, I try to include some information I find with each minibook in case you are short on time. However, my minibooks are flexible. If you are doing a more comprehensive unit and this unit is part of their writing, then they can use the minibook to write in their own information. On this minibook though I do include information if you are using your lapbook like we do for enrichment and not interested in testing their writing skills or coloring skills. Just saying.
Download the Ancient Egypt Minibook here.
The Babylonian & Hammurabi Minibook
This 3 tab book is about The Babylonians & Hammurabi. We took a little longer on this book because I wanted the boys to compare men’s laws to the superior laws of God. Like my other mini books, I have a few facts if you want to use them and one copy that is blank if you prefer to add your own facts and content.
Download The Babylonian & Hammurabi minibook here.
Ancient Phoenician Minibook
The Ancient Phoenicia minibook is a tab book and I have a map included in this download that glues on the inside and a few facts too if you want to use them.
Download Phoenicians book here.
Ancient Greece & Rome Pockets
I have a mini fact card for Plato for Ancient Greece and a mini fact card for Caesar Augustus when studying Ancient Rome. Because I think it’s important for students to know a bit about the people of the times.
There is a pocket for each fact card and they are glued on the right flap.
Download here the pockets for Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.
Additional Resources for
Ancient Civilizations II Unit Study
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BrimWood Press “In fourteen lessons, What Every Child Needs to Know about Western Civilization builds a mental timeline of 5,000 years of history and an understanding of the historical contributions that shaped Western Civilization. This guide and its literature companion Calendar Quest will revolutionize the way children learn history.”
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Edsitement. Has a large fleshed out section on questions and background information.
- Reviews & Quizzes for Story of the World Volume 1. A helpful resource that has multiple questions to use for review and that is interactive.
- Gorp.Com. Though a travel site, Mr. Awesome liked it because it contained a lot of history on the pages.
- History of the Phoenicians
- Quizlet has some flashcards. | https://tinasdynamichomeschoolplus.com/creation-to-ancients/ancient-civilizations-ii/ |
Society has transitioned into a technological world where people interface with personal electronic devices through an exponentially increasing number of applications, or apps. We now rely on the components of technology to bring us up-to-the-minute news, resources, and information on every imaginable topic at the touch of a button. A language of shortened words and phrases for texting has developed, which has become as common as the technology itself.
The National Science Education Standards "recognize that many individuals have contributed to the traditions of science and that, in historical perspective, science has been practiced in many different cultures" (NRC 1996, p. 21). From this statement, I started to compose a project for my eighth-grade classes that incorporated technology and a historical emphasis on science drawn from ancient civilizations to promote a greater understanding of conceptual science. In the Apps for Ancient Civilizations project, students investigate an ancient culture to discover how people might have used science and math smartphone apps to make their lives easier. Students investigate science and math concepts by making connections to new technology, while learning and integrating history into science.
According the National Science Education Standards, scientific investigations should explore how technology can address real-world challenges. Students should engage in activities that "meet a human need, solve a human problem, or develop a product rather than to explore ideas about the natural world. The tasks chosen should involve the use of science concepts already familiar to students or should motivate them to learn new concepts needed to use or understand the technology" (NRC 1996, p. 161). In this project, students had to research an ancient civilization, find the science and math challenges of the time, and then find ways to solve these science and math issues by creating figurative apps on a large model of a smartphone they created.
Students were instructed to select an ancient civilization from a list, then research the science and math issues of that time period. Each student designed six math or science apps. For each app, students described issues facing the civilization's culture, how the app worked, and how the app benefited the culture.
Students were also instructed to design a model of a smartphone, illustrating how the device and the six app icons might have looked based on the ancient civilization they had chosen. For example, an ancient Mayan smartphone was designed in the shape of a shield, an Egyptian smartphone with hieroglyphics and gold details. The icons on the model smartphone were also reflective of the ancient civilization's math or science issue as portrayed in the app description. The icon might be a picture of herbs used as medicine or an image to depict the irrigation of crops. Students were asked to design a smartphone model including the icons that was a minimum of 11" x 14"; however, half of a poster-board size is recommended in order to clearly see the app icons. Students using 11" x 14" for their smartphone models made their app icons 3" x 3". Students using half of a poster board for their smartphone models made their app icons 5" x 5".
Students were instructed to include detailed descriptions of how each app worked and why it was prevalent during the time of their civilization. The app descriptions gave students the opportunity to reflect upon the issues facing the civilization while delivering a solution to a problem. Students' app examples were of their own creation, fiction and nonfiction, and at times reflected challenges facing our own culture.
Publication information: Article title: Apps for Ancient Civilizations. Contributors: Thompson, Stephanie - Author. Journal title: Science Scope. Volume: 35. Issue: 2 Publication date: October 2011. Page number: 52. © National Science Teachers Association. COPYRIGHT 2011 Gale Group. | https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-268789674/apps-for-ancient-civilizations |
Lakewood Ranch High's chickens won't have to cross the road.
Apparently, chickens and cars don’t mix well.
Janyel Taylor, the Future Farmers of America adviser at Lakewood Ranch High School, has been bringing her own chickens to school for her students.
“I am so tired of running through the Dunkin’ Donuts drive-thru with chickens in my car,” Taylor said. “When they start making their chicken noises in the back of my car, it gets a little weird.”
Now, thanks to the hard work by her FFA students, Taylor will no longer be transporting her own chickens to school. They will have their own coop on campus.
Lakewood Ranch High’s FFA chapter received news earlier in April it was one of the six schools in Florida to be awarded a Tractor Supply Co. Grant for Growing. The school will receive $2,255.
The Lakewood Ranch FFA chapter will put its grant money toward an 8-foot, 10-inch tall chicken coop that will house 20 chickens.
With about 20 chickens of her own at home, Taylor, who is affectionately called “the crazy chicken lady” by her students, has her own system for naming some of her chickens.
“I only name the ones that I like,” Taylor said. “Buffy is the name of my favorite chicken, because her breed is a Buff. Frizzle is my show chicken, and I named her because she looks like she just got electrocuted.”
Jokes aside, Taylor wants her students to learn some important lessons.
“This is just one more opportunity for our kids to handle a different animal,” Taylor said. “The goal of our chicken coop is to help us start a co-op next year, selling eggs to teachers and community members to raise money for our FFA chapter.”
Isabelle Chamness, a Lakewood Ranch High junior and incoming FFA president, would not classify herself as a chicken expert, but she does have experience.
“My grandmother has chickens, so I go over there, feed them and collect their eggs,” Chamness said. “I’m a large animal kind of person — dairy cows, swine and beef heifers — so it will be really cool to have a chicken coop and learn more about chickens.”
Alyssa Mckinney, the incoming FFA vice president, wants to show chickens.
“My mother has a chicken farm at home,” Mckinney said. “And I’ve always wanted to show at the Manatee County Fair. Raising chickens at school will help me gain more knowledge, and I could even keep my own chickens here in our coop.”
Lakewood Ranch High’s chickens will have a permanent hall pass.
“Our chickens will be free range, all day,” Taylor said. “Happy chickens equal more eggs.”
Join the Neighborhood! Our 100% local content helps strengthen our communities by delivering news and information that is relevant to our readers. Support independent local journalism by joining the Observer's new membership program — The Newsies — a group of like-minded community citizens, like you. Be a Newsie. | https://www.yourobserver.com/article/grant-provides-new-coup |
Up to 9 billion euros, or 60% of corporation tax levied by the government, could be “temporary”, meaning it should not be counted on in the future, said the Irish Tax Advisory Council (Ifac).
In its latest report, the financial watchdog said the government’s overreliance on volatile and vulnerable corporate tax revenues posed a significant threat to public finances and needed to be reduced urgently.
He suggested that the government could reduce this overreliance by replenishing the so-called rainy day fund or paying down the debt.
The council estimated that, since 2014, the State has collected some 22 billion euros in corporate taxes, including 6 to 9 billion euros out of the 15 billion of last year, “beyond which can be explained by the national economy”.
In other words, these revenues do not come from additional activity in the Irish economy, but from the additional profits of multinationals that transit through Ireland. The council warned that a substantial part of “surplus” income has now been absorbed by ongoing spending, including health care.
“This increases the risk that potential cancellations of these revenues in the future will lead to a sharp increase in borrowing requirements to fund recurring commitments,” he said.
Corporation tax is now virtually on par with VAT as the second source of state revenue. It represents nearly €1 out of €4 collected in tax.
However, around 50% of the total comes from 10 major multinationals, including tech giants Apple, Microsoft and Google, which have large European bases in Ireland.
While corporate tax revenues have risen sharply in recent years, they could still suffer large reversals, Ifac said in its report. “They are more volatile than other major taxes; prone to larger forecast errors; concentrated in a handful of companies; and they are exposed to changes in the global tax environment,” he said.
“By financing current spending with corporate tax revenue, the government risks having to adjust current spending downwards to consolidate public finances in the event of a drop in revenue,” he said.
Ifac chairman Sebastian Barnes warned that “if a few large companies at the same time decided to restructure their business for whatever reason – because they were taken over or had a better idea of how to organize themselves – this could have a major impact on the Irish economy”.
Changes to the international tax landscape could have a similar impact, he said.
In its report, the council notes that the government’s estimate of potential losses from international tax changes – initially estimated at €2 billion – has not been updated following the agreement to impose a overall minimum rate of 15%.
In its recent stability program update, the government predicted that corporate tax revenues would continue to grow in the coming years, reaching €18.4 billion by 2025.
Corporate tax growth is expected to slow after two years of profitability gains, mainly in the information and communication technology (ICT) and pharmaceutical sectors, the government said. However, he also noted “an almost certain decline in corporate tax revenue” at some point in the future.
In its latest budget assessment report, the council also said the government faced a delicate balancing act to manage high inflation, protect poorer households and implement key policies.
“Rising energy and food prices have pushed inflation to its highest level in a generation. Further price increases and tighter financial conditions could herald a global slowdown,” he said. | https://veterinary-ireland.org/up-to-60-of-corporation-tax-could-be-temporary-tax-advice-warns-the-irish-times/ |
In view of the Covid-19 pandemic and the lockdown, the Tamil Nadu higher education department on Thursday postponed all semester exams in deemed universities, engineering, arts and science, polytechnic and other colleges to the start of the next academic year. The state has said the reopening of colleges will be announced later.
Usually, the new academic year for colleges begins in June, but due to the ongoing crisis, it is unclear when the academic year would start.
“Now, most educational institutions and hostels have been identified as quarantine centres, in case of an emergency or any other contingencies. In view of the above, you are requested to conduct the semester examinations at the beginning of next academic year,” higher education secretary Apoorva said in a letter to all registrars of state universities and deemed universities.
She further suggested that colleges reschedule semester examinations so they are held without breaks between papers and if necessary to conduct examinations in two sessions in the morning and afternoon.
Read also: A Brief View of Business Management Course
“Necessary arrangements have to be made to publish final year results at the earliest,” the letter said.
Institutions were also instructed to ask their students to prepare for the exams during this period.
“This direction puts to rest of all ambiguity and confusion surrounding semester exams,” said Thomas Amirtham, principal of Loyola College, adding that PG admissions to central institutions like Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) should also be postponed or they should take five semester results keeping final year students in mind.
Career consultant Jayaprakash Gandhi praised the move, pointing out that colleges couldn’t conduct exams without restoration of public transport. “Colleges should give top priority to conduct exams for final year students and publish results in a short time so their job prospects and higher education opportunities are not affected,” he said.
Courtesy: TOI
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1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to cryogenic cleaning systems, and more particularly, to a system and method for controlling the humidity within the workspace of a cryogenic aerosol spray cleaning system by circulating the workspace atmosphere through a dehumidifier to eliminate the need to purge the workspace prior to each cleaning cycle.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Precision cleaning using solid, liquid, or gaseous carbon dioxide, or other cryogenic based cleaning materials and methods, including mixed carbon dioxide 20 phases, solid or liquid argon sprays, liquid nitrogen sprays, and even ice (H2O), or combinations of these materials and methods, has been disclosed by patents and prior art publications. The cryogenic spray cleaning technologies disclosed by the prior art have evolved in response to many commercial, industrial, and practical concerns, including environmental concerns, and the need for better and more effective cleaning methods for both particle and organic-based contamination.
Carbon dioxide snow cleaning was first disclosed by S. A. Hoenig around 1985. The process typically involves cleaning, using a source of fluid (i.e., liquid or gaseous) carbon dioxide provided at a certain enthalpy condition (i.e., temperature and pressure). Such liquid carbon dioxide (or gaseous carbon dioxide if proper adiabatic conditions are met by the nozzle design) is passed at high velocity through an orifice of a spray nozzle. Upon exiting the orifice, a stream of dry ice particles having varying sizes and densities and traveling at varying velocities is directed at a workpiece for removal of contaminates deposited on a surface thereof. The stream of dry ice particles may be combined with CO2 gas, nitrogen or other dry gases to boost 10 the dry ice velocity.
Another form of cryogenic cleaning uses macroscopic CO2 pellets and was first described by Rice et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 3,676,963, and by Fong in U.S. Pat. No. 4,038,786. This snow cleaning method feeds dry ice pellets into a dry carrier gas stream such as nitrogen or dry compressed air, at a pressure typically in the range of between 40 and 300 psi and possibly greater. The dry ice pellets are accelerated toward the surface of a workpiece at such high velocity that even thick coatings such as paint can be removed.
One limitation in cryogenic spray cleaning methods is the fact that extremely cold streams (e. g., typically xe2x88x9260xc2x0 C. for carbon dioxide snow cleaning) of cleaning medium are applied to the surface of the workpiece being cleaned. Consequently, when the cleaning processes are conducted at room temperature, or in any unsealed and uncontrolled environment, condensation can form on the workpiece surface being cleaned, or on the spray nozzle. The moisture condensation, present as water, frost, or ice, interferes with and impedes the cleaning process. Prior art attempts to eliminate moisture include direct heating, heating with blanketing gases or heating only specific portions of the surface of the workpiece, insulating the cleaning chamber, cleaning in vacuum environments, purging with nitrogen, air or other dry inert gases, purging using specially constructed chambers, and other methods utilized to produce dry environments.
Patents directed to clean and dry chambers for cryogenic spray cleaning systems and methods typically include vacuum chambers and/or require purging a clean dry box with a dry inert gas. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,631,250 to Hayashi was the first to mention indirectly the need for a sealed chamber for a cleaning system that had mixed CO2 and nitrogen for cleaning a wafer surface. The sealed chamber included a vacuum exhaust line for removal of contaminants. Of course, a vacuum environment also assists in moisture reduction.
Another attempt to control the humidity in the cleaning chamber of a cryogenic cleaning system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,316,560 to Krone-Schmidt et al. This patent discloses purging an enclosed space (i.e., a cleaning chamber) with dry nitrogen gas to control the humidity within the chamber. Essential to this system is the chamber within a chamber design having a purged airlock between the enclosed interior cleaning chamber and the exterior of the system. The system disclosed by this reference requires lengthy purge times to dry out the cleaning chamber before initiation of a cleaning cycle, and may therefore not be practical for cleaning a large workpiece in a large volume cleaning chamber.
In U.S. Pat. No. 5,315,793 to Peterson et al., an apparatus for precision cleaning using CO2 snow or other cryogenic sprays is disclosed. The apparatus disclosed is intended only as a final cleaning station and has some design features in common with U.S. Pat. No. 5,316,560. The dryness of the sealed chamber is maintained by vacuum or by an external inert gas purge. The preferred method for maintaining a dry environment involves pumping out and then back-filling the chamber with a dry gas after each cleaning cycle, i.e., to purge the cleaning chamber.
Cryogenic argon spray cleaning developed as an alternative to CO2 snow cleaning. Cryogenic argon spray cleaning, and, in parallel, cryogenic nitrogen spray cleaning, were first mentioned in U.S. Pat. No. 5,062,898, and later in U.S. Pat. No. 5,294,261, and still further developed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,209,028, all to McDermott et al. These patents disclose the nozzles and cleaning stations for cryogenic argon spray cleaning, and methods and procedures for ensuring a dry cleaning station based upon a flush gas for removal of contaminants.
Further developments in cryogenic argon spray cleaning are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,486,132 to Cavalier et al. and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,366,156 to Bauer et al., wherein argon spray cleaning methods and apparatus are extended to include cryogenic nitrogen or mixed argon and nitrogen. These patents also clearly discuss means to reduce and prevent moisture condensation from forming on the apparatus, nozzles, argon or nitrogen lines, and on the workpiece surface to be cleaned.
Moisture elimination methods discussed and claimed included purge means, such as dry gas purge methods with purge ports and purge gas sources, providing a vacuum about the cryogenic argon lines and nozzle, providing thermal insulation and barriers and positive pressure within the enclosures, and other suggestions unrelated to the present invention.
A means for eliminating moisture in a CO? dry ice pellet system cleaning apparatus is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,651,723 to Bjornard et al. The apparatus disclosed therein includes separate load locks for loading and unloading a workpiece, a cleaning chamber between the two load locks, and the necessary equipment to provide airflow through the cleaning chamber and apparatus and to purge the cleaning chamber. Dry compressed air is required for accelerating the dry ice pellets only. A dry environment was ensured in the load locks by purge methods and all chambers were kept at positive pressures to keep moisture out.
Systems and apparatus for maintaining a dry and clean manufacturing environment abound within the electronic, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. However, none of the known systems, apparatus, methods, processes, etc. use a dehumidifier in conjunction with a cryogenic spray cleaning process to control the humidity within a cleaning chamber, thereby obviating the need for time-consuming and expensive purging of the cleaning chamber. For large cleaning chambers, purging as a means for controlling humidity within a cleaning chamber becomes cost-prohibitive, and therefore, commercially impractical.
The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a system and method for controlling the humidity within the workspace of a cryogenic aerosol spray cleaning system by circulating the workspace atmosphere through a dehumidifier placed in the airflow path of the cleaning system. The present invention obviates the need to purge the workspace atmosphere at any time during a cleaning cycle and further eliminates the need to provide a sealed cleaning chamber. The present invention provides for rapid moisture removal from the workspace atmosphere and for dehumidifying the entire atmosphere in a relatively short period, typically approximately two minutes. This, in turn, leads to increased productivity for the cryogenic cleaning system.
The present invention provides a system and method for controlling the humidity within the workspace of a cryogenic aerosol spray cleaning system by circulating the workspace atmosphere through a dehumidifier to eliminate the need to purge the workspace prior to each cleaning cycle. The system and method of the present invention are especially well-suited, economical, and a practical necessity for cleaning of large workpieces, where a dry air or inert gas purge of a large volume cleaning chamber, as required by prior art methods and apparatus, would be impractical.
Prior art systems and methods for controlling the humidity in a cryogenic cleaning system require time-consuming inert gas purges, expensive vacuums or other means, most all in conjunction with load locks. On the other hand, the present invention eliminates the need to purge the cleaning chamber workspace and produces a dry, cleaning environment quickly and economically. The present invention also eliminates the need to provide a sealed cleaning chamber and to provide load locks at the input and output sides of the cleaning chamber; all directed to maintaining a clean and dry environment within the cleaning chamber. The workspace atmosphere is cycled through the dehumidifier many times a minute to insure a fast dry out time.
An integral aspect of the humidity control system of the present invention is the handling of the gaseous and particulate constituents, i.e., moisture and particulate matter, present in the atmosphere within the cleaning chamber workspace. More specifically, cryogenic snow cleaning requires a virtually moisture-free and particle-free workspace atmosphere within the cleaning chamber. The present invention satisfies this requirement in a manner not disclosed or suggested by the prior art.
The humidity control system of the present invention incorporates a dehumidifier into at an airflow path defined through a cryogenic aerosol spray cleaning system including a cleaning chamber having a workspace defined therein.
The workspace atmosphere is continuously or intermittently circulated through the dehumidifier to remove moisture before, during, and/or after a cleaning cycle. An optional HEPA filter may be provided in the airflow path to remove particulate contaminants from the workspace atmosphere. A secondary airflow path may be defined through the cleaning system through which a portion of the workspace atmosphere is continuously or intermittently circulated. The dehumidifier and optional HEPA filter are located in the secondary airflow path to remove moisture and particulate contaminants from the workspace atmosphere.
The present invention is directed to a method for controlling the humidity within a cleaning chamber of a cryogenic cleaning system. The cleaning chamber has a workspace defined therein within which a workpiece may be removably placed for cryogenic cleaning during a cleaning cycle. The workspace has a partly gaseous (defined hereinafter) atmosphere therein and the cleaning system has an airflow path defined therethrough. The method of the present invention comprises the step of circulating the workspace atmosphere through a dehumidifier of an air handling system located in the airflow path for removing moisture from the gaseous part of the workspace atmosphere to reduce the humidity in the workspace atmosphere without having to purge the workspace prior to the initiation of a cleaning cycle.
The present invention is also directed to a humidity control system for a cleaning chamber of a cryogenic cleaning system. The cleaning chamber has a workspace defined therein within which a workpiece may be removably placed for cleaning during a cryogenic cleaning cycle. The workspace has a partly gaseous atmosphere therein and the cleaning system has an airflow path defined therethrough.
The cryogenic cleaning system further includes a spray nozzle located within the cleaning chamber and connected to a cleaning media source for producing a stream of solid or liquid cryogenic spray entrained by a gas phase for cryogenically cleaning the workpiece during a cleaning cycle. The humidity control system comprises a dehumidifier of an air handling system located in the airflow path and through which the workspace atmosphere is circulated for removing moisture from the gaseous part of the workspace atmosphere to reduce the humidity in said workspace without having to purge the cleaning chamber prior to initiation of a cleaning cycle.
The humidity control system of the present invention may be used in an automated or manual cryogenic cleaning system. For automated systems, motion control equipment may be included in the workspace to manipulate the workpiece (e.g., movement into and out of the workspace and manipulation therein) and cleaning components (e.g., spray nozzles). For manual cleaning systems, a glove port may be provided on a front side of the cleaning chamber through which access to the workpiece and cleaning components is provided.
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I’ve had two spells of weight-training in my life. I started in 1982 at the age of 18 and trained solidly for seven years until I was 25. I was a skinny teen and I was training to bulk up a bit and gain some strength. I never became phenomenally strong and I wasn’t interested in bodybuilding as such, although getting in reasonable shape was a beneficial side-effect of regular workouts.
At my peak I could squat 495lbs (225kg), bench 335lbs (152kg) and deadlift 505lbs (230kg). Those could only be described as ‘reasonable’ lifts in global terms, but they were pretty good in the small, provincial gyms I was training in.
I should add that I was completely natural — I’ve never touched a steroid.
Life then got in the way and I took a 20 year layoff. I didn’t touch a barbell again until I was 45. Restarting was a huge shock to the system. In the layoff years I smoked, I drank, I aged and I gained a chronic neurological problem, so it took a while to get properly back into it again.
I’m 54 now and still training and making progress, although I seem to be maxing out at about 2/3rds of the weight I could lift in my youth. I just don’t think my body’s as capable as it was when I was younger. That doesn’t matter though (okay, okay it does irritate me a bit!) — I train because I enjoy it.
Anyway, over the years I’ve picked up a bit of knowledge about weight-training and here, for what it’s worth, are my top seven tips for beginners.
I spent far too long doing fancy routines from magazines when I started out back in 1981. I eventually discovered that workouts based on the squat, bench press and deadlift are the way to go. Add in the bent over barbell row and the standing shoulder press and you have virtually everything you need in those five exercises.
Sure, you need variation sometimes and I do other exercises beyond those mentioned, but the core five exercises form the basis of my workouts. I started to progress much better once I switched to a system based on those exercises.
When I started out in the 80s, it wasn’t long before I was training six days a week and 90-120 minutes a time. I was working out for anything between nine and 12 hours a week and it was just too much. Eventually the penny dropped and I cut back to training four days a week, 60-90 minutes a time and my progress was much, much better as a result.
These days I just train three or four days a week (I usually train seven days out of 14; three days one week and four days the next, alternating throughout) for 60-75 minutes a time and that’s plenty.
We’re not all the same, though. You have to find out what works for you, but just bear in mind that you might be overtraining and cutting back a bit might prove beneficial.
I’ve spend thousands on supplements throughout the years. I now believe that virtually all of them are a waste of time and money.
Obviously you need protein to build muscle and I can see an argument for protein supplements if you can’t get what you need through food. There’s no scientific evidence that more than 0.84g of protein per pound of body weight does any good. Anecdotal evidence might say otherwise, though, so let’s round it up to 1g per pound of body weight just to be safe. Try to get that in your food as much as possible. Eat chicken, tuna, beef and other sources of protein and only supplement if you can’t hit the target through food alone.
The only other supplement that’s had any effect on me is creatine, although I find the benefit of it wanes over time. If I haven’t taken any for a while and start doing so I get a boost for a month or two. It’s a small boost in strength, energy and recovery rates and you could easily do without it, but it’s there (for me, at least). I don’t take it all the time but do so occasionally, usually for 4-8 weeks at a time.
I’ve found everything else to be a waste of money. That’s just my opinion and I’m sure other people say different, particularly the manufacturers of these supplements and all their fake reviews.
Some days you’re ill or injured and on other days you’re just lazy. Learn to tell the difference between the two.
With the possible exception of your first 12-18 months, which is when you’ll make your fastest gains, weight-training is a marathon rather than a sprint. You have to stay in the game.
If you’re genuinely ill or injured then of course you must take a layoff, but otherwise avoid unplanned breaks. I have the rule that I’ll always get to the starting position, which means I’ll set the weights up for my first exercise and try a set. I’ll always do that (unless of course I know for certain I’m ill or injured). It’s amazing how often, after getting to the starting position, I’ll carry on even though I was lazy at the outset and didn’t feel like training. Sometimes I even end up having a great workout.
It’s too easy to skip a workout. Then another. And then another. Before you know it you’ve given up.
That’s not to say you shouldn’t take planned breaks though. I take a week off every 8-12 weeks and then maybe two weeks for a holiday somewhere once a year. I think planned breaks are beneficial, both from a physical and psychological point of view. Personally, I find it fairly easy to get back into things after anything up to two weeks off. It gets a bit harder after that and I’ll only take more than two weeks off if I’m forced to by injury or illness.
Your physiology, genetics and body mechanics are different to everyone else’s. You will progress at a different rate to everyone else. Look for percentage gains compared to yourself.
This is particularly true if you’re a natural, non-steroid user. Don’t go comparing yourselves to juicers. They’ll get bigger and stronger quicker and they’ll be able to train for longer (all other things being equal). I have no particular objection to anyone taking steroids, it’s entirely up to them, but as a natural it’s unfair to make comparisons.
If all you did is train — and didn’t care about your diet and sleep — you’d still make some progress. But for the best progress you need to pay as much attention to diet and sleep as you do to training. The training breaks the muscles down and you need the correct diet and sleep to build them back up again.
We all have different sleep requirements so I can’t tell you how many hours you need. It just needs to be enough so that you’re not unduly tired during your workouts. For me, that’s roughly seven hours. Some people are quite happy with five or six, others need eight or more.
As to diet, it’s worth working out your Total (Daily) Energy Expenditure (TEE or TDEE). Do not use a formula or an app that spits out a number based on your weight. These give you averages and nobody is average.
Weigh yourself and then record every calorie you eat for at least two weeks — a month would be better — and then weigh yourself again. Take your total calories and subtract 3,500 for every pound of weight you’ve put on or add 3,500 for every pound of weight you’ve lost. Divide that total by the number of days you’ve been recording and that’s your TDEE.
Now it’s simple. To gain weight, eat more than your TDEE and to lose weight eat less than your TDEE. Counting calories is enough to gain or lose weight but to make the best progress eat clean too. Eating clean can be made a lot more complicated than it needs to be but it’s just common sense. Try to get 1g of protein per pound of body weight and then eat a balanced diet around that. Eat from all the food groups — meat, vegetables, fruit, nuts etc. — and avoid junk food.
If you plan to take your weight-training to a competitive level you’ll need to pay strict attention to your diet, but if, like me, you’re just training for general health, strength and enjoyment, you can have treats occasionally. It’s about eating well for most of the time.
The best diet is one you can stick to, so keep it simple.
Let’s say you want to improve your deadlift technique. You could search for reputable sources on the internet and find a dozen different ‘techniques’ to improve your form, and some of those techniques may even be at odds with one another.
This stands to reason in my opinion. People have different physiologies and different body mechanics and maybe what suits one person doesn’t suit another. The best thing to do is try the techniques and see if they suit you, but don’t fret unduly if they don’t. Just discard the ones that don’t work and keep the ones that do.
There are however wrong ways to do exercises. If you want to be a powerlifter you need to learn the rules for each lift, for example. More damaging, though, is to perform an exercise in such a way that it’s likely to be injurious. This is definitely a ‘wrong’ way to perform an exercise. Good form is essential whichever techniques you use to enhance your performance.
Anyway, this article is getting long now, so I’ll stop there. I hope you find these tips useful.
Good luck with your weight-training. | https://gordonansell.com/7-weight-training-tips-for-beginners |
Because the Census Bureau's decennial census has not included a citizenship question for decades, analysts and elected officials do not know how many of the respondents are (1) citizens, (2) aliens in the U.S. legally, or (3) undocumented and in the U.S. illegally.
Thus, when the Census Bureau releases its annual survey of health coverage and the uninsured, it simply ignores how many of the uninsured are here illegally.
During healthcare reform debates in the past, some of us pointed out that perhaps 25 percent of the uninsured were undocumented aliens and so unlikely to be covered by health insurance reform efforts — and sure enough, Obamacare excluded illegals from receiving health insurance subsidies.
Even today, of the roughly 27.6 million (2016) uninsured, perhaps 8 million or so — a guestimate — are illegals ineligible for taxpayer subsidies. Very few of them are going to spend their own money, especially given the high cost of Obamacare coverage. They will simply remain uninsured.
And yet those pushing for some type of big-government solution to the uninsured — including those who backed President Barack Obama's Affordable Care Act — use the larger uninsured number to make the problem look bigger than it is, or at least bigger than any likely legislative solution would address.
To be sure, the Census Bureau's annual American Community Survey does ask a citizenship question. But while more frequent, those surveys are limited samples, about 3.5 million out of roughly 126 million households. The sample numbers are then extrapolated for the country as a whole. But even then, the bureau doesn't include an estimate of the uninsured who are in the U.S. illegally.
The result is that estimating the number of uninsured who are illegal has mostly been a guessing game. But the issue is not limited to the uninsured. The federal government funds a number of programs where taxpayer money supports illegal immigrants, either directly or indirectly. Knowing how many undocumented people are receiving those funds could help inform policy decisions.
Those opposing a citizenship question claim that the U.S. Constitution requires the government to count everyone who resides in the country, legally or not.
Ironically, these are mostly the same people who long ago abandoned the notion of a literal interpretation of the Constitution for what they call a "living Constitution," defined as "one that evolves, changes over time, and adapts to new circumstances, without being formally amended."
While a citizenship question might discourage some participation, the Census Bureau has increasingly used various methods, statistical and otherwise, to fill in the gaps. Some form of a citizenship question has been around for two centuries. Stressing it once again would help take a little of the guesswork out of many of our public policy challenges. | https://www.bellinghamherald.com/opinion/op-ed/article208695864.html |
Image sensors come in a range of sizes, and the specific size can affect the image quality of photos. Looking at the different sizes available, some people incorrectly assume that if you're using a camera with a smaller sensor, the subject or scene you're trying to capture is reduced SENSOR SIZE. Sensor size is the physical size (area, not number of photosites or pixels) of a camera's image sensor, usually measured in mm width x height. Sensors like the ones found in a Canon 5D, Sony a7S II or the ARRI Alexa LF, as well as traditional 35mm still photography film, all have areas that measure roughly 36x24mm. For the. One of the most common (and controversial) topics in film production has been what format (or sensor size) should we shoot? The result has been no standard, so I'm creating shot lists (for each sensor size) to match shots from each format to help solve this problem Focal length and sensor size influence a camera's field of view: a shorter focal length or a larger sensor equals a larger field of view. To make the main subject fill the same fraction of the second photograph we had to move the camera closer. A change in distance between the camera and the subject(s) changes the camera's perspective, i.e.
There are two types of sensors and several different formats, aka sizes, from the small camera phone sensors that are typically less than 1/2.5 inch in size to the massive medium format ones that are 1.7 in × 1.3 inch or bigger. Generally speaking, the bigger the sensor, the more light it is able to gather, which improves overall performance. This online calculator allows you to calculate the 35mm equivalent Focal Length for a specific sensor size. You can find information on the sensor size in your camera in the manual, product information of the manufacturer of on DPReview.com. More information on the how an why of the Lens Multiplication Factor (also referred to as 'Crop Factor. Mohli jsme Sensor přepravovat přes půl světa lodí pod liberijskou vlajkou s filipínskou posádkou. Ale my věříme, že ty pravé funkční vlastnosti získá oblečení z novozélandské ovčí vlny jedině v Bystřici pod Hostýnem. Náš příběh. 100% Novozélandské Merino The best camera sensor size for professional photographers and enthusiasts full-frame image sensors. Generally, they provide higher quality images with less noise in low-light. On the other, larger full-frame sensors usually require a bigger camera body, especially for DSLRs. This is a dealbreaker for some photographers
The physical size of a camera sensor size is usually much more important than how many megapixels it has. Inside every image-capturing device, from your smartphone to your Digital SLR, is a sensor. This sensor is what captures the light coming through the lens and ultimately results in a digital image being recorded The pixel size is of course correlated with the image sensor size: Figure 1: Pixel Dimension vs. image sensor size for full-HD. High-end applications, such as long range targeting or in very low light, which are moving to full-HD resolution will still require 2/3 sensors In fact that didn't turn out to be true, because at the time of writing this post, they actually have all three different sensor sizes on the market at the same time! For example, the Canon 7D Mark II currently uses a sensor that is 22.44 x 15mm. The Canon 80D has a sensor that is 22.5 x 15mm and the Canon 77D has a sensor that is 22.3 x 14. The ALEV III A3X was reinvented as a larger sized sensor offering a photosite count of 6560x3100 with the same large photosites known from the Super 35 sized sensor. This makes ALEXA 65 the digital camera with the largest digital motion picture sensor on the market. Its image size even surpasses 65 mm film. Next in line was the ALEXA LF using. Different sensor sizes change the field of view provided by a focal length. We refer to this as the crop factor, and it allows us to quickly determine that a 45mm micro four-thirds lens is equivalent to a 90mm full frame lens. While the crop factor works for determining the field of view, it does not work for determining the depth of.
Sensor size is an important factor when it comes to selecting a digital camera since it directly impacts the quality of your photos. But is a bigger sensor always better? There are pros and cons to different sensor sizes, and it pays to be familiar with them so you know which size is best for your needs Sensor size, not megapixels, is what matters. Compare the size of a DSLR to a pocket camera or smartphone - the difference is noticeable. From this you can conclude that the larger DSLR will.
Sensor Sizes. Prior to the DSLR revolution, indie and student filmmakers often used digital cameras with a ⅓ inch sensor or similar. For reference, a ⅓ inch sensor has a 6.9x crop factor compared to a full frame sensor. Shallow depth of field was out of the question for these cameras without an expensive adapter Camera calculator - Calculating the sensor diagonal, sensor height & width,sensor ratio and pixel size. The calculation of the sensor diagonal is helpful for selecting the right lens. The image circle of the lens must be at least as large as the sensor diagonal, otherwise vignetting effects will occour There are two different sensor sizes with similar designations. 2/3 & 1/2.3 and the P3/4/Mavic use a 1/2.3 sensor. Here's an illustration showing the real size difference. The P4 pro sensor is more than 4 x the size of the P3 sensor. 2017-2-24
The term 'full frame' refers to the sensor being the same size as a single negative (or frame) on a 35mm roll of film ie 24 x 36mm. So, the image sensor inside a full frame camera body is 24mm high and 36mm wide. The ratio of width to height of a sensor is known as the aspect ratio which governs the proportions of each image CameraCharacteristics | Android Developers. Language English Bahasa Indonesia Español - América Latina Português - Brasil 中文 - 简体 日本語 한국어. Documentation. Overview Guides Reference Samples Design & Quality. Platform. Android Studio. Google Play. Jetpack. Kotlin A size-2 sensor is specifically designed for a bitewing or posterior periapical view. But where the dental arch narrows in the anterior region, a size-2 or size-1½ sensor may be too large. So a narrower size 1 sensor is often needed to allow for proper geometry, to ease placement lingual to anteriors, and to properly break contacts Larger camera sensors can capture more light, and with more light, there's usually more image quality potential. Keep in mind that many other factors, such as megapixel count, wide aperture, and ISO, impact photography results.. Sensor size used to be something only professional photographers would care about, and it can also provide information regarding the diagonal crop factor The overall sensor size is determined by the desired field-widths (c.f. Figure 4 above) and thus, since there are constraints on useful pixel sizes due to the optics of the design, pixel numbers are not only determined by the manufactures desire to benefit the consumer with more and more pixels for better and better image quality
If sensor size is the same but resolution is different, smaller pixels do not necessarily translate to more noise - a sensor with more resolution means you could print larger. Since noise is usually not evaluated on a per-pixel basis, but rather on equivalent print sizes, you would have to print at the same size to evaluate noise from two. Lens Image Circle and Sensor Imaging Area Lens Image Circle Database RED, Digital and Film Format Size Chart Film and Video Camera Apertures and Image Formats DSLR Sensor Formats DSLR Sensor Dimensions Table Film Scanning Dimensions Sensor Width Calculator VistaVision IMAX 16 and Super 16 8 and Super 8 Kodak Film Types and Formats Fujifilm. Different phones have different size sensors but smartphone camera sensors are notoriously small. At some point, the average sensor size on popular high-end smartphone cameras from the likes of Apple and Samsung was 1/2.55. But recent smartphone camera trends show the size going up, especially in phones with high megapixel cameras
. a fixed sensor size (assuming the same technology) the more pixels you have the greater detail but the more noise Yes. Noise consists of a few basic components: Shot noise, thermal noise, and stray light noise due to imperfections in the lens system - which includes any smudges, dirt, scratches, and chips on your lens surfaces Sensor Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Product, By Technology, Regional Outlook, Competitive Strategies, And Segment Forecasts, 2019 To 2025. The global sensor market is anticipated to grow significantly over the forecast period. Sensor systems and electronic instrumentation is the highest growing and upcoming segment in the. Sensor Size Noise Results The sensor in a digital camera is the electronic version of film, and records light to create a digital image. The size of the sensor determines how much light can be.
Full frame cameras have a sensor size that is the same size as a frame of 35mm film. Many times the sensor size measurements are based off of old television cameras. APS-C sensor cameras are called that because their sensor size is the same as classic APS-C format film. Nikon, Pentax, and Sony crop sensors usually measure around 23.6 x 15.7. Monitoring the size of your DB: Create a sensor called DB-FileSize. In section SQL-Expression, provide the following query: select convert (decimal (12,2),round (a.size/128.000,2)) as FileSizeMB from dbo.sysfiles a where fileid = 1; Monitoring the used space of your DB: Create a sensor called DB-SpaceUsed The diagram below illustrates the relative size of several standard sensor sizes on the market today. Most digital SLR's have either a 1.5X or 1.6X crop factor (compared to 35 mm film), although some high-end models actually have a digital sensor which has the same area as 35 mm. Sensor size labels given in inches do not reflect the actual. The thin, 5.3 mm size and rounded, beveled corners provide a superior experience in the operatory. Knowing that a one-size fits all approach doesn't provide an ideal patient experience, our sensors come in two sizes. The size two sensor has a larger footprint which makes it ideal for most adults
Sensor sizes The Nikon D610 has a full-frame sensor. Full frame (36mm by 24mm): The largest sensor size is called full frame, as it is the same as a frame of 35mm film. Full-frame sensors are. The sensor size refers to the size of the imager array. Choosing the incorrect size will have an adverse effect on the field of view calculations, so be sure and check your camera specifications for the correct size. If you are using the Lens Simulator on a product page, this value will be preset for you . *1 The new product achieved a world-first *3 ultra-compact pixel size of 0.8 μm, making it possible to pack 48 effective megapixels *2 onto a 1/2-type (8.0 mm diagonal) unit, thereby supporting enhanced imaging on smartphone cameras
sensor by increasing spatial resolution for fixed sensor die size. Increasing pixel size improves the sensor by increasing dynamic range and signal-to-noise ratio. Because changing pixel size has opposing effects on key imaging variables, for a given a set of process and imaging constraints, an optimal pixel size may exist.. Digital camera sensor format-size names have their roots in television camera tubes. These were measured in inches diagonal, but for various practical reasons, the entire circle isn't used. So, from way back then, there's a concept called the rule of 16, which says that the usable , actual sensor diagonal for a 1 tube is 16mm
So, the 43.8×32.9mm sensor in Fuji's 50S is medium format, but so is the larger 53.7×40.4mm sensor found in Phase One's 100MP XF camera. To give you a better idea of how big these sensors. The sizes of the camera image sensors. Image sensor sizes will determine the quality of the image to be produced, the larger the image sensors, the more pixels, and the higher the image quality.In cameras, the main sizes are: full format, APC-H, APS-C and four thirds, as you can see in the following table Digital SLR cameras have larger sensors, full-frame dSLRs have even larger sensors, and medium-format digital cameras have even bigger sensors. If you cram a lot of pixels onto a small sensor, and put the same number of pixels on a larger sensor, the pixels on the larger sensor are bigger. All other things equal, you end up with better image. Camera Sensor Size Explained + Sensor Chart (2021) Sensor Creativeraw.com Related Courses ››. Camera Sensor Size Explained + Sensor Chart Let's start by dispelling the megapixel myth that many still believe: a higher megapixel count does NOT equal a higher quality image. Even the latest iPhone camera can't compete with a 12MP full-frame DSLR in terms of the clarity and purity of your. Sensor or Format % Compared to 3 Perf % Compared to Full Frame Sensor or Format Size (in mm) Image Circle (in mm) Arri ALEXA / AMIRA - 16x9: 95.6%: 63.1
Image sensor that creates vibrant and crystal clear images anytime, anywhere. Samsung CMOS image sensor with ISOCELL technology offers diverse solutions for mobile devices to take perfect photographs and for automotive to enable safer driving experiences Sensor market share expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.22% 2019 to 2027| Emerging global opportunities in sensors market growth by major companies, future trends, technology, industry size, share and regional analysis, forecast to 2027 | Sensor industr Therefore, sensor size is an important consideration if you want to achieve any amount of background blur in your photos. 5. A larger sensor can mean less diffraction. One other impact that the size of the digital image sensor has on your photos - and one of which you might not be aware - is on the amount of diffraction in your photos Image circle, image scale, sensor size, pixel size really?! - posted in Beginning Deep Sky Imaging: I ve painted myself into a corner with my uninformed equipment purchase. I m mostly interested in galaxies and wanted a setup to be able to image all kinds of them but now it dawns on me that my camera is rahter unsuitable for longer focal lengths. Last scope I looked at was a the GSO 10 f12.
The X70 uses the same APS-C size sensor as the three-year-old X100S, and now that the X100S is fading from view its price is rising, generally costing more than the the X70 ($700, £500, AU$1,100. Sensor PTFE-Nitinol Guidewire with Hydrophilic Tip. Distinct hybrid design combines access and working wire into one. Sensor Dual-Flex Designed to facilitate passage of a flexible scope. The gold standard in guidewires. The preferred hybrid wire technology among surgeons who value consistent performance in routine and challenging cases for.
Different Sensor Sizes - Diagram is a free transparent png image. Search and find more on Vippng Simply compare the diagonal size of a full-frame 35mm sensor to the diagonal size of another image sensor. For example, the APS-C image sensor found in a Canon EOS 60D is 22.3×14.9mm, whereas the full-frame image sensor in an EOS 5D Mark III is 36x24mm, or approximately 1.6 times the surface area of the 60D's sensor. Therefore, the 60D. The global level sensor market size was valued at $4.44 billion in 2018 and is projected to reach $7.36 billion by 2026, at a CAGR of 6.50% from 2019 to 2026 Current Sensor Market size exceeded USD 2 billion in 2019 and is poised to grow at around 6% CAGR between 2020 and 2026. The industry shipments are projected to reach 3 billion unit by 2026. Rising adoption of power management system in data centers to improve the efficiency & speed and reduce the power cost will fuel the market demand The size of the sensor inside many compact cameras and some compact system cameras is frequently given in imperial measurements that are based upon a system that was used for old television cameras. These measurements use fractions, which confuses things a bit and manufacturers can be rather cagey about giving actual dimensions The global industrial sensors market size was USD 19.29 billion in 2019 and is projected to reach USD 33.56 billion by 2027, exhibiting a CAGR of 7.2% during the forecast period. The movement towards Industry 4.0 and factory automation has made sensors an important tool in the manufacturing sector owing to their ability to maximize operational. | https://nebolo-moeitebek.com/indexf4me2117a13e.php/sensor-sizes-explained-what-you-need-to-know/ |
To prepare a healthy and tasty recipe of meat, make this our steaks recipe in the oven with potatoes. It’s ideal for a dinner with family, everyone will love it!
Latest videos
Cuisine: Portuguese
Difficulty: Easy
Servings:: 4
Prep Time:5 m
Cook Time:55 m
Total Time:1:30 h
Units: Metric (Units: US)
Ingredients
- 4 beef steaks (about 500 grams (17 1/2 ounces))
- 1.2 kg (2 2/3 pounds) potatoes
- 200 ml (about 1 cup) olive oil
- 100 ml (1/2 cup) white wine
- 8 cloves of garlic
- Pepper (to taste)
- Nutmeg (to taste)
- 1 bay leaf
- Salt (to taste)
Directions
- Season the steaks with salt, unpeeled crushed garlic, nutmeg, pepper, bay leaf and white wine. Let marinate for approximately one hour.
- Meanwhile, wash the potatoes with the peel and place them in a saucepan with water seasoned with salt. Bring to a boil over high heat. When starts boiling, reduce to medium-low heat and cook about 20 minutes.
- Preheat the oven to 180ºC (350ºF).
- When the potatoes are cooked, drain them and place in a baking dish. Give a small cut with a knife in each potato and season with 50 ml (1/4 cup) olive oil and pepper.
- Place the steaks in a rectangular baking dish together with the marinade and drizzle with the remaining olive oil. Place the two baking dishes in the oven and cook for 25 to 30 minutes (put the steaks baking dish on the lower rack of the oven and the potatoes baking dish on the upper rack).
- Turn off the oven and serve.
Steaks in the oven with unpeeled potatoes
Nutrition facts
Serves 4
Per Serving: | https://www.foodfromportugal.com/recipes/steaks-oven-unpeeled-potatoes/ |
Holidays on Kimolos
Kimolos is one of the lesser-known Cyclades one for the insiders. It is a laid-back little island that is great for relaxed summer holidays in Greece, especially if it the pure Cycladic dream is what you are after. The simple little things make this island so attractive. The tiny port with its sandy beach and a few beachside tavernas. The main village, the chora, with whitewashed little houses, potted flowers on doorsteps and windowsills, kittens playing in the narrow alleyways, churches and tiny chapels. The mellow atmosphere. The beautiful beaches and crystal clear waters. Budget rooms to let, some pensions, and a very charming little hotel.
The best beaches of Kimolos
There are some really great beaches on the island. Prassa (also referred to as Agios Georgios) is knows as the best beach of Kimolos: it has white sand and shallow turquoise waters, and it is absolutely gorgeous, though it bothers me that cars can park very close to it. It is about 5 km from the Chora and the main port, so unless you don’t mind a good walk, you need a car (or moped…) to get there. It has some umbrellas and does tend to get busy in the summer. Aliki, a 1 km long beach with sand and small stones, is also among the most popular beaches on Kimolos, as it is easiest to reach from the main port. A bit further you will find Kalamitsi, another beautiful sandy beach. In total there are at least ten beautiful beaches on Kimolos, so plenty of choice if you spend some time on the island. | http://www.smallhotelsingreece.com/regions/kimolos/ |
The name Lackner is synonymous with Montana high school basketball, so it only makes sense that Teia Lackner plays basketball.
After all, she is 5 feet, 9 inches tall. She is also the daughter of legendary Big Sandy basketball coach Roy Lackner.
Those two attribute alone didn't get the Valier Panther selected as this week's Great Falls Tribune Female Athlete of the Week. She had to work quite a bit to reach that plateau.
"Betweem her freshman and sophomore years, she spent a lot of time both in the gym and in the driveway, working of her shot with brother Trevor," Valier head girls' coach Michelle Beck – also daughter to the aforementioned Roy Lackner – told the Tribune this week. "She looks up a lot to Trevor, and she can take Dad on one-on-one."
Teia Lackner, a junior classman, scored 20 points in a win over Augusta last week and has become a major cog in Beck offensive wheel.
"She can play anywhere on the floor," Beck said. "Her ability to handle the rock and to also hit from long distance are big assets, plus she has great moves at post.
"We can use her at post, on the wing, even at the point, but for our situation, I need her to play both inside and outside."
Teia is an honor roll student, serves on the Valier Student Council, participates in track, and is a member of FCCLA (Family, Career and Community Leaders of America). Beck says it's a lot like the old FHA (Future Homemakers of America).
Also earning nominations with Teia were Malta's Erica Smith and Mariah Dietrich of Harlowton.
All Athlete of the Week nominees will be honored at the third annual Tribune Northcentral Montana Sports Awards Banquet at the Best Western Plus Heritage Inn on Monday, May 21, sponsored by Benefis Health System. | |
Change to the Bowling Protocol
As of the 26th June, the Spanish National Government is relaxing the rule for wearing masks in public.
From that date, you will be allowed to remove your mask outdoors IF the minimum safe distance of 1.5 meters can be maintained.
From a Lawn Bowls perspective, this means we may forgo the wearing of masks on the green IF we can be certain that we can ensure that safe distance is kept.
Following discussions, it was agreed that the only way to be certain that this could be done was to reduce the numbers congregating at each end, which should be kept to a maximum of TWO.
This is obviously no problem for the Skips, or Leads in Pairs matches. However, for Triples matches where there would normally be 4 people in relatively close proximity, this makes keeping the 1.5 meter distance at all times more of a problem.
Therefore, in Triples matches:
When it is the turn of the Leads to bowl, the Seconds must stand at least TWO meters behind the non-bowler, whilst at the same time keeping TWO meters distance between each other and from bowlers on adjoining rinks. On longer Jack lengths, this may require them to step off the green entirely.
Once the Leads have bowled they must take up the positions their Seconds have vacated.
All other protocols remain in place as they currently stand - hand sanitising, disinfecting equipment, keeping to the right of the rink when crossing over, etc.
It should also be remembered that the relaxation in wearing masks is only allowed OUTDOORS.
Finally, whilst the National Government has brought in the new guidelines, the Regional Governments are NOT in favour of doing so. The President of Andalucia, (where the infection rate is once again rising rapidly and currently has the highest number of cases in Spain) has recommended that everyone continue to wear their masks at all times.
The FAB urges everyone to follow his recommendation – we have worked hard to keep safe, it would be unfortunate if we took unnecessary risks at this stage.
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Previously >>>>>>
PROTOCOLS FOR LAWN BOWLS PROTOCOLS RELATING TO THE PROTECTION AND PREVENTION COVID-19 IN TRAINING AND COMPETITION OF THE FEDERACIÓN ANDALUZA DE BOLOS, FOR LAWN BOWLS
1. RISK ASSESSMENT Lawn Bowls has several advantages in the current Covid-19 environment.
a. It is an outdoor sport.
b. There is normally no physical contact between players.
c. It is possible to maintain the safety distance of 1.5 meters between players .
While the sport is played in purpose built Sports Centers, there is little contact with the general public, limiting the risk of infection largely to those within the Lawn Bowls community.
The essential risk would lie in the contact with the game material and the possible air transmission between the competitors.
However, almost all of our current Members fall within the “Veterans” grouping of the FAB, with the overwhelming majority also falling within the Governments “High Risk” age group. This adds another level of risk to the assessment we have to make.
2. OBJECTIVES: Prevention and mitigation of any COVID-19 contagions during Lawn Bowls practice and Lawn Bowling competitions held in Andalusia.
The main objective is to establish guidelines and instructions to ensure that our sport of Lawn Bowls can be enjoyed with the maximum possible safety to avoid contagion.
3. PROMOTERS OF THE PROTOCOL:
3.1 COUNCIL: Ministry of Education and Sports.
3.2. FEDERACIÓN ANDALUZA DE BOLOS.
4. PROTOCOL TO BE FOLLOWED
4.1 GENERAL PROTOCOL. In addition to the Protocols for Sport Centres laid down by the Junta de Andalucia, the guidelines laid down by the Ministry of Education and Sports and the general guidelines for Bowling from the Federación Andaluza De Bolos,the following protocols must be adhered to. Where something is mentioned in those Protocols but not in this, then that Protocol must still be followed. Where something is mentioned in this Protocol it takes preference over what may be written in other Protocols.
(a) All Clubs must produce their own Covid 19 Protocol for their premises. This must include but not limited to, detailed hygiene protocols - what is being disinfected, when, how often and by whom. If your Club is opened outside of Club days what protocols are followed by individuals coming to practice?
(b) If you have a bar / restaurant these should be included in your protocols and follow the rules laid down by the Junta de Andalucia. Bars and restaurants are not covered by these protocols. If you are unsure of what needs to be covered ask us.
(c) Each Club must appoint a Covid19 Co-ordinator who will be responsible for ensuring all protocols are being met within your Club. The Co-ordinator will also be responsible for contact the authorities should an outbreak occur or an individual Club member be infected by or come into contact with someone who has come into contact with the virus.
(d) The Club must maintain a register of everyone who visits the Club, whether to play, spectate or any other reason. The register must contain name and contact details for each individual, along with date and time of the visit and the reason for the visit. This register must be made available to the authorities should an outbreak occur or an individual Club member be infected by or come into contact with someone who has come into contact with the virus.
(e) There will be a maximum occupancy of the green of 65% allowed for each session. This refers to the number of people that would normally be allowed on your bowling green, not the number of Rinks. E.g. an 8 rink green would normally have a maximum number ofpeople of 64. A 4 rink green would normally have a maximum number of people of 32. The new maximum would be 65% of that number. There is no limit to the number of sessions per day.
(f) Masks are mandatory at all times. Masks are required because:
- We are a sedentary sport (we do not run around
- We are a high risk age group (over 65 with underlying health issues)
- We are a Team sport
Clubs must have spare masks available should they be required.
4.2 PLAYERS RESPONSIBILITIES
(1) On arrival at the Club you must sanitise your hands. Hand Sanitiser must be made available close to the entrance.
(2) On arrival at the Club you must submit to a temperature check. Anyone who has a temperature higher than 37.5º cannot enter.
(3) On arrival at the Club, you must put your name and contact details into a Register, along with the date and time of your visit. You must complete a simple form to answer questions to detect if you have any symptoms of COVID-19. (Appendix One)
(4) The Club must ensure this is maintained and recorded in case of an outbreak. Records must be available for 14 days.
(5) Extra vigilance must be taken in areas where people congregate (entrance to the Club, ends of Rinks etc.)
(6) Close physical contact is NOT allowed. Keep the 1.5 meter distance at all times.
(7) Respiratory hygiene: coughing and sneezing in the elbow flexure, use of disposable tissues, etc.
(8) Socialising before and after games must observe Social Distancing regulations - i.e. 1.5m between people. Face masks must be worn at all times. Outside terraces may have up to 100% of normal capacity, inside areas up to 65% of capacity, providing distances are maintained.
(9) Bowls bags and personal equipment may not be touched or shared by anyone other than its owner. They must be held in designated areas.
(10) Do not share water bottles or the like.
(11) Food and drinks must not be shared. Putting food on shared platters or shared bowls is not allowed.
(12) Physical contact is NOT allowed. This includes hugs, handshakes, fist bumps and elbow bumps.
(13) Maintain a distance of 1.5 meters at all times. If this is not possible – for example behind the head on long Jacks, step off the green when necessary.
(14) When passing over between ends, keep to the right hand side of the green. If it is required to talk to your own team when crossing over, ensure the 1.5 meter distance is maintained.
(15) Ensure you make use of hand sanitiser frequently throughout the game.
(16) Avoid touching other people’s bowls whenever possible. – sanitise your hands if you have to do so. This includes when marking a toucher (use spray chalk if possible), taking shots out of a measure, picking bowls out of the ditch, collecting bowls at the completion of an End. Sanitise your hands frequently!
(17) Avoid passing the Mat or Jack to another player. If you have to - sanitise your hands frequently!
(18) One person per rink should accept the responsibility for changing the scoreboard.
(19) One person per rink should accept responsibility for using the “pusher” - it would make sense for this to be a number 2 rather than a lead as either lead may be required to be setting the Mat and Jack. If it is you - sanitise your hands frequently!
(20) After each session all communal areas (toilets, changing areas, tables, chairs etc.) must be disinfected.
(21) The entire Club must be disinfected TWICE per day, when open.
(22) Limitations and disinfection in the use of changing rooms, toilets and showers that must be cleaned at the start of each day and at least once every 8 hours of use of the spaces. Users will be instructed to clean their hands before and after accessing the toilets.
(23) There must be posters about frequent hand washing, a safety distance of at least 1.5 meters and the mandatory use of masks.
(24) The governing body of each Club is responsible for ensuring all protocols are followed. If there is no governing body, then responsibility lies with the Owner.
Special Circumstances: The 65% occupancy limit does not automatically apply to all Competitions - such as the League, Malaga Provincials, Club Opens etc. Each of these must have an F.A.B. approved Player Safety Plan in place before the Competition is allowed to take place.
5. SUMMARY
The risks of contagion can be greatly reduced within the Bowls facilities providing EVERYONE follows these straightforward guidelines that can be summarised as 3 Golden Rules
1. CORRECTLY WEAR A MASK AT ALL TIMES
2. ALWAYS KEEP YOUR DISTANCE
3. SANITISE YOUR HANDS FREQUENTLY
Follow these rules and we can enjoy our bowling throughout this pandemic. | https://caabowls.org/index.php/2016-11-01-15-04-45/important-messages |
As we resume face to face bridge, the WCBU committee has commissioned Michael Alexander to provide brief summaries of bridge rules, ethics and etiquette that might have been forgotten during the Covid bridge hiatus; a new item will be added each Sunday.
If you have any query on the rules please email Michael [email protected] - if he doesn't know the answer, he will find it!
A. Directors powers (don’t get on his wrong side)
1. he may adjust the score
2. she may issue a procedural penalty (normally a warning at first)
3. he may issue a disciplinary penalty eg for rude behaviour
4. a normal fine is 10% of the board going to 25%
5. he may suspend for the rest of the session and further action may follow
B. When is a card played
1. if it is POSSIBLE for the card to be seen not whether it has been seen
2. a card face up near the table must be played
3. a card in dummy must be played if declarer has named it
4. a card in dummy must be played if deliberately touched unless for adjustment
5. a face down opening lead is not played until it is faced; however, it may only be replaced if there has been an irregularity
C. Incomplete call of a card from dummy
1. declarer should clearly state both rank and suit unless his intention is incontrovertible otherwise
2. if declarer calls high it means highest, in fourth seat he may be deemed to have called for the lowest winning card
3. if he directs dummy to win it is the lowest winning card
4. if declarer designates rank but not suit he is deemed to continue with the suit just won
5. if she designates suit but not rank, she is deemed to play the lowest card
6. if he says play anything either defender without conferring may designate the card
D. Exposed card during the auction
1. a card is deemed exposed if it is POSSIBLE to be seen, not whether partner has seen it
2. the card remains on the table until the auction ends
3. if the offender become declarer, it becomes a penalty card
4. if it is an honour card or, if prematurely led, then the partner must pass for one round
5. the same applies to a defender but if exposure by declarer no penalty
E Change of call
1 a slip of the tongue or the wrong bid made may be changed as long as partner has not bid.
2 once noticed the bidder must immediately change or attempt to change his bid
3 left hand opponent (lho) may then recall her bid
4 if, though, it was a change of mind, then the call may be changed as long as lho has not called
5 in this case lho may accept or condone or refuse now lho and then the OFFENDER can let the first call stand and his PARTNER is silenced for 1 round or substitute it with another call but then the maximum the offender can get is 40%
F Asking questions:
1 player may ask the meaning of a call when it is his turn to bid
2 or before selecting the opening lead if she is on lead
3 or after partner has led face down
4 or before the opening lead is face down if he is declarer
5 or at his turn to play if declarer or defender.
G. Alerting
1 all conventional and artificial bids must be alerted e.g. 2C transfers a bid with less than 3 cards
2 any call with an unexpected partnership meaning
3 any call that opponents may not understand e.g. canapé bid, pre-emptive raises
4 over a double, alert if it is NOT for penalties
5 if you know the call is alertable but can’t remember the meaning ALERT but do not say “I take it to mean”. If in doubt call the director who may ask you to leave the table
H. Hesitations
The most common form of unauthorised information is the pause that suggests doubt. The director may be helped by the following:
1 if the player hesitates and passes, it suggest he would welcome a bid or a x by partner
2 if he hesitates and doubles, he would not be unhappy if partner removed the x
3 after a suit is agreed and a hesitation and a bid of no trumps, he would not be unhappy if partner went back to the trump suit
The director should listen to all FOUR players before deciding if unauthorised information has been passed. You may ask for him to be recalled at the end of the hand.
I. Claims and Concessions
1 all play ceases
2 do not reveal your cards
3 the claimant must IMMEDIATELY state his line
4 the claimant may not ask his opponents to play or accept their invitation to play on
5 a contested claim is for the director alone giving the benefit of doubt to the non-claimant and only on the basis of the cards at the time of claim
J. Communicating Unauthorised Information
There are 5 actions that may convey Unauthorised Information:
1. remark or question by partner
2. partner's answer to a question
3. special emphasis or tone of voice
4. a gesture, movement or mannerism
5. an unmistakable hesitation or undue haste
K. Leads out of Turn:
When a player leads out of turn, the next player can condone or accept. Here are the 5 actions which the director should convey:
1. you may accept, partner is dummy and play the hand as normal
2. you may accept the lead and let partner play (no conferring)
3. you may make the lead a major penalty card, partner may lead what she likes with the penalty card played at the first opportunity
4. you may require the correct leader to lead the suit played and the incorrect lead picked up and then they can play any card
5. you may forbid the correct leader from playing that suit for as long as he retains the lead, the lead out of turn is picked up
Obviously this does not apply when playing on BBO which does not allow leads out of turn.
L. Dummy's Rights:
Dummy is NOT allowed to do ten things:
1 ask a defender about a possible revoke
2 try to prevent an irregularity on the part of a DEFENDER
3 draw attention before the hand is over to any irregularity
4 point out how many tricks have been won or lost
5 suggest a director be called
6 take any part in the play except to play cards as directed by declarer
7 look at declarers cards
8 look at any of defenders cards or ask any questions
9 leave her seat to watch declarer play
10 look at opponents convention card during the play of a hand. | https://wcbridge.co.za/news/bridge-rules-ethics-and-etiquette-weekly-update |
Assam government on Friday issued an order to merge 195 newly provincialised secondary schools with base schools across the state.
According to an order issued by Mamata Hojai, Director of Secondary Education, Assam on August 25, 195 newly provincialised secondary schools all across the state will be merged with base schools.
“In pursuance of the Govt. orders issued vide no. ASE.73/2021/12, dated February 18, 2021, and as per approval of the Secondary Education Department, Govt. of Assam vide letter no.
ASE.263/2022/244, dated August 6, 2022, the Directorate of Secondary Education, Assam is pleased to issue the order of merger of newly provincialised Schools with Base School of 195 Secondary Schools of Assam under ‘The Assam Education (Provincialisation of Services of Teachers and Re-organization of Educational Institutions) Act, 2017 as amended in 2018.” In the order, the Director of Secondary Education, Assam has requested the concerned Inspector of Schools to instruct the Head of the institutions of newly provincials schools to shift all materials/articles/ school furniture etc.
to the Base Schools immediately. “The land, building and other assets of the newly provincialised schools shall vest with the government,” said the order copy.
Meanwhile, according to the order copy, out of 195 newly provincialised secondary schools 47 schools in Barpeta district, 13 schools in Bongaigaon district, 7 schools each in Cachar, Darrang and Sivasagar, 23 schools in Dhemaji, 18 schools in Dhubri, one school each in Dibrugarh, Sonitpur and Nalbari, 5 schools in Goalpara, 2 schools each in Goalpara and Tinsukia, 3 schools each in Hailakandi and Nagaon, 10 schools each in Jorhat and Lakhimpur, 4 schools each in Kamrup (M) and Karimganj, 18 schools in Kamrup (R), 9 schools in Morigaon, will be merged. | https://www.afternoonvoice.com/195-secondary-schools-to-be-merged-with-base-schools-in-assam.html |
Trauma-Informed Interventions: The Role of Educators
Looking back to our time as students, what is it that stands about educators who made an impact on us? More often than not, these teachers value relationships with their students. Student-teacher relationships develop during our formative years as children and teens, and or student-faculty relationships develop as we hone in on our interests and gain long-term mentorship in higher education.
What are the benefits of building better student relationships? Outcomes include a stronger sense of security and support for students, which in turn contributes to school climate and nurtures academic and social outcomes. By building better student relationships, all educators can make a significant impact.
Mental Health Among Youth and Young Adults
Given the state of mental health among youth, it is especially vital that today’s teachers, faculty, and staff develop skills to nurture these trusting connections with students.
Mental health issues often manifest at a young age. Twenty percent of youth ages 13-18 are living with a mental health condition, half of lifetime cases of mental illness start by age 14, and 75% begin by age 24. For young adults in college, recent data show that 61% of college students have felt overwhelming anxiety in the past 12 months, and 40% have felt so depressed that it was difficult to function. And finally, suicide rates in the U.S. are rising. The proportion of young people treated for suicidal ideation in U.S. hospitals more than doubled between 2008 and 2015.
The present reality is that not enough young people have the treatment they need for mental illness, with an average of 8 to 10 years between the onset of symptoms and mental health intervention. With educators present during these developmental years, they can play a role in shrinking this treatment gap and guiding students to the right support.
Barriers to Building Better Student Relationships
As mental health needs among youth are increasing, mental health training for school staff and university personnel is insufficient. Most educators are not trained in how to communicate with a student experiencing psychological distress effectively. And in a survey of 292 elementary school teachers, 78% agreed or strongly agreed that a lack of adequate training was a barrier to supporting student mental health needs.
Teachers and faculty have many demands placed upon them, including competing professional development and institutional responsibilities that occupy their time outside the classroom.
Trauma-Informed Practices for Building Relationships
A training solution for teachers and faculty to address mental health with students should be convenient and effective. One solution for driving conversations between educators and students is with virtual humans. A virtual human is an animated, computer-generated character embedded with emotions, memory, and personality that talks, gestures, and reacts like a real person.
One of the most effective ways to practice a conversation is through role-playing. In a traditional workshop environment, role-playing can often be an uncomfortable and inauthentic experience that does not involve a member of the target audience (in this case, students). Virtual humans, on the other hand, allow for standardized conversations with virtual students in which the learner assumes the role of an educator.
For K-12 teachers and higher education faculty and staff, interacting as a virtual human allows for practice in having a conversation with students. This helps to normalize the experience, and research shows this increases preparedness, confidence, and likelihood to have a conversation about mental health with a student in real life.
Keepings the Needs of Educators In Mind
Given the time constraints for professional development for educators, access to adequate training is especially important. Training with virtual humans is available online, a convenient option as opposed to planning, making time for, and funding an in-person workshop. Roleplaying with virtual humans usually takes less than an hour.
The high fidelity of the learning experience with virtual humans creates an interactive learning experience with realistic scenarios, a high level of engagement, and feedback from a virtual coach. These advantages contribute to better learning outcomes and high satisfaction for educators. In the long-term, better learning outcomes cycle back into building better student relationships and improving school climate and campus climate.
Now that you’ve completed the simulation, can you recall a situation where you used the skills learned in the simulation?
“Yes, I was able to respond in a positive way when approached by a student about how psychological stress was affecting his schoolwork. I felt more confident in knowing what to say and not to say as a result of the training.”
-Higher education Kognito user
If you’re interested in learning more about Kognito’s training simulations with virtual humans, see our offerings in K-12 and higher education. | https://kognito.com/blog/student-mental-health-strong-educator-student-relationships-make-impact-2/ |
Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) has become an invasive pest of Opuntia spp. along the coastal areas of southeastern United States from the panhandle of Florida to South Carolina. Spread of this insect into cactus dominated natural areas of the United States and Mexico and into agricultural opuntia fields of Mexico is raising concerns within international governments and conservation organizations. Interest is growing in using the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) to manage C. cactorum populations. Information on courtship and mating behaviors of this insect is important in the development and application of SIT. We conducted mating table studies and determined that this moth exhibits simple rather than elaborate mating behaviors and that courtship and mating take place briefly during morning twilight. Typically, females initiate calling, males respond to females, and copulation are complete before sunrise. Successfully mated females attract males within a short period (mean of 5.2 min), while unsuccessful females continue calling for about 40 minutes. Mating pairs remain in copula for a mean of 31.8 min. Generally, mated females are busy ovipositing the first few nights after mating, not exhibiting additional mating behaviors. A release of marked males revealed that males stay near the release site and can be recovered and identified for subsequent population estimate studies. This study on courtship/mating behavior is helpful to the ongoing C. cactorum research to develop a successful SIT program, identify the female calling pheromone, improve monitoring traps, and develop a technique to estimate adult moth population abundance.
The control of invasive cacti in the genus Opuntia by the cactus moth, Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg), is often cited as the most famous example of successful classical biological control of weeds (Dodd 1940; Moran & Zimmermann 1984). However, the unintentional arrival of C. cactorum into Florida in 1989 (Habeck & Bennett 1990) has raised concerns for the survival of rare native Opuntia in the Florida Keys (Johnson & Stiling 1996). Of even greater concern is the potential westward spread of C. cactorum into areas of the United States and Mexico that are rich in Opuntia diversity (Soberón et al. 2001; Zimmermann et al. 2000; Stiling 2002). Recently, Hight et al. (2002) reported on the expanding range of C. cactorum in North America. By summer 2002, the moth had spread as far north as Folly Island near Charleston, South Carolina and as far west as St. George Island, Florida (Hight et al. 2002). In a 2003 survey of the western Florida panhandle, we found the new western limit of C. cactorum at Pensacola Beach, Florida, near the border with Alabama.
Even though the worldwide successes of C. cactorum as a biological control agent of weedy Opuntia have been carefully documented (Sweetman 1936; Dodd 1940; Pettey 1948; Julien & Griffiths 1998), little information on the insects’ mating habits is available. Dodd (1940) reported that mating of C. cactorum in Australia took place during the early morning hours, from daylight until about 0730 hours, and that copulation was never observed at night or after 2100 hours. He also stated that adults of C. cactorum usually remained inactive during daylight hours and sat motionless in vegetation near their host plants. Pettey (1948) reported that C. cactorum mating at Uitenhage, South Africa only occurred early in the morning, during daylight of the first and second days after adult emergence. He reported that moths were active only after sunset until a little after sunrise, except in areas where temperatures were high.
The purpose of the present study was to document the courtship and mating behaviors of C. cactorum in Florida. In particular, we were interested in precisely documenting the field behaviors associated with mating, as we are investigating the possibility of using the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) to manage populations of C. cactorum in the United States (Carpenter et al. 2001a). This technique relies on the ability of mass reared, irradiated, and released insects to effectively compete and mate with a feral population. Knowledge of the targeted species mating behavior is of crucial importance to the development and successful application of the SIT. We also are developing trapping technology that would allow more extensive and efficient surveys to be conducted for C. cactorum. An improved understanding of courtship and mating behaviors would be useful in improving trap design and in identifying pheromones associated with the sexual communication of this species.
Materials and Methods
Test Insects
Cactoblastis cactorum used in these experiments were reared in laboratory colonies at the USDA-ARS laboratories in Tallahassee, FL and Tifton, GA. Rearing procedures generally followed those described in Carpenter et al. (2001b). Cocoons were collected every 2-3 days from colony containers. Pupae were extracted from the cocoons and sorted by gender. Sorted pupae were placed in a screen cage (30.5 × 30.5 × 30.5 cm) or individually into 0.3 ml plastic cups with cardboard lids and allowed to emerge inside growth chambers at 26°C, a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D), and 60% relative humidity. Virgin females (<24 h post emergence) were placed individually in small plastic cups and kept in a refrigerator (5°C) to slow their physiological ageing and activity. In the laboratory, two-thirds of one anterior wing of each female was excised with small scissors to prevent flight. Each female was returned to its plastic cup and transported to the field in an open cooler under natural light. Newly emerged males were collected and placed as a group in a 475 ml plastic container. Males were chilled, colored with fluorescent powder (Day Glo® Corp., Cleveland, OH), and transported to the field under natural light in a small cooler.
Mating Tables
Individual mating tables were similar to the ones described by McBrien & Judd (1996) with the following exceptions: the diameter of the mating arena was 17.5 cm to accommodate the larger sized female C. cactorum, the height of the Teflon® tape barrier was 5 cm, the Teflon® tape barrier was lightly dusted with talc, and the tables did not have roofs (Fig. 1). Communal mating tables were constructed on a base of plywood (61 × 61 × 1.5 cm) that was painted gray (Valspar American Tradition, oil based paint, light gray, #48220). A circular Teflon® tape barrier (50 cm diameter × 5 cm high) was glued to the arena and dusted with talc. Four metal legs (0.5 m high) were attached to the plywood base with metal brackets (Fig. 2).
Patches of cactus plants between 0.50-1.50 m in height were selected for placement of both individual and communal mating tables. Individual mating tables were attached to hollow metal stakes placed in the ground at a height of approximately 0.75 m and located at the edge of the cactus patches. Communal mating tables (mounted on their legs) were also placed next to cactus patches.
Mating tables were set-up in the same fashion for each set of observations. A small (2 × 2 cm) section of O. stricta was placed in the middle of the mating arena of each individual table. One, clipped-wing, virgin female C. cactorum was released into each arena. In communal tables, several cladodes of fresh O. stricta were placed inside the arena and 7-12 clipped-wing females were placed in the center of each mating arena. Time of female deployment varied for each experiment. All times reported are in Eastern Daylight Savings Time on a 24-hour atomic clock.
Study Sites
Experiments were conducted in July 2003 at two locations in Florida along the Gulf of Mexico-St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge (N30°04’, W84°10’) and Alligator Point (N29°54’, W84°23’). Abundant naturally occurring patches of native Opuntia stricta (Haworth) Haworth heavily damaged by C. cactorum are present at both locations. Infested O. ficus-indica (L.) Miller is also common among houses at Alligator Point as a planted and naturalized species. At St. Marks, the plants are located along a dike that separates the Gulf of Mexico and a salt marsh estuary. Twenty individual mating tables and two communal mating tables were established at St. Marks, each separated by no less than 10 m from one another.
At Alligator Point, plants of O. stricta and O. ficus-indica are distributed along open (un-fenced) front-yards of beach houses along the Gulf of Mexico. For the first set of observations (morning of 8 July), 12 individual mating tables and a single communal table were placed near infested cactus patches. Each table was separated from one another by no less than 3 m. For the second set of observations (mornings of 15-18 July), 15 mating tables were placed in groups of five around three heavily infested cactus patches in the same vicinity as those used for the first observations. Tables within a group were separated from each other by about 1 m.
Mating Behavior
At St. Marks, 47 marked male C. cactorum were released along the dike on the opposing side of mating tables. Releases were made at 1730 hours on 6 July 2003 to insure that males would be present in the area. The minimum distance between male release points and the location of the mating tables was 10 m. Females were placed in individual and communal mating tables at 2000 hours and tables were observed every hour from 2100 hours until 0700 hours on 7 July 2003. Moth activity was observed using flashlights with red lenses. Moths found in copula were collected into small plastic cups and the hour noted during which each mating pair was collected. Insects were transported back to the laboratory and the type of each male (i.e., marked or wild) captured in copula was identified using ultraviolet light to detect the presence or absence of the Day Glo® dye. The total number of mating pairs recorded from individual and communal mating tables and the type of male involved in each mating (feral or released) was determined. Female mating status was confirmed by determining the presence or absence of a spermatophore in the bursa copulatrix as suggested by Ferro & Akre (1975).
After the first night of observations at St. Marks, the general timing of mating activities for C. cactorum was determined. Observations at Alligator Point were modified to take advantage of these findings. Forty-one marked males were released at Alligator Point at 2200 hours on 7 July 2003. Twelve females were placed in individual mating tables and 12 additional females were placed in the communal table at 2130 hours. Mating tables were checked every 5-10 minutes between 0500-0700 hours on 8 July 2003 and all mating activities observed were recorded. Pairs in copula were collected in plastic cups and taken to the laboratory where male type and female mating status were confirmed.
Precise Timing of Mating Events
Fifteen individual mating tables were set-up as described above on four consecutive nights (14 to 17 July 2003) at Alligator Point to more accurately document the duration of all events associated with C. cactorum mating. Newly emerged, clipped-wing virgin females were prepared each day and placed in the mating arenas between 2200-2400 hours. Observations began at 0500 hours each morning and continued uninterrupted until all mating activities ceased. The following mating behavior events were recorded: time female initiated calling posture, time female terminated calling posture, time first male responded to calling female, time last male responded to calling female, time copula was initiated, and time copula was terminated. Verification of successful copula was confirmed in the laboratory by the presence of a spermatophore in the female upon dissection. Light intensity was measured in the early morning hours of 18 July with a HOBO data logger (Onset Computer Corp., Pocasset, MA).
Female Refractory Period
Females that successfully mated at Alligator Point during the precise timing experiments were observed on subsequent mornings to determine whether they produced an eggstick, resumed a calling posture, and/or were attractive to males. The five females that mated on the morning of 15 July 2003 were placed on individual mating tables at the same time and in the same manner as each group of 15 new females on evenings of 15-17 July 2003. Three females that mated on the morning of 16 July 2003 and six females that mated on the morning of 17 July 2003 were observed on the morning of 18 July 2003. Any eggsticks that were produced were collected, the time of oviposition noted, and the number of eggs counted.
Results
Weather conditions for each morning’s observation were relatively similar. Skies were mostly clear, temperatures were 25-27°C, and relative humidity was 95-100%. Rain never occurred during our observation periods and winds were variable, differing most mornings in relation to speed and/or direction.
Mating Behavior-St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge
No mating activity was observed between 2100 hours on 6 July 2003 and 0500 hours on 7 July 2003. At each hourly observation, females were motionless and most were perched on host plant material. However, when observations were made during the 0600 hours check on 7 July 2003, 89% of the females (32 of 36) were found to be engaged in courtship/mating activities and males were observed flying around the mating tables. Twenty-one females (58%) were positioned in a typical calling posture (abdomen protruding upwards through the wings and held at an angle approximating 45°), eleven females (31%) were found in copula and four females (11%) were still inactive. Seven of the copulating females were in individual tables and four in the communal tables (three in one and one in the other). By 0625 hours, all mating pairs had disengaged from one another.
Mating tables were again visited at 0630 hours and the number of females observed in the calling position had decreased to 15 (42%). Males could still be seen flying around the area, but no additional mating pairs were formed. When tables were checked at 0700 hours only three females (8.33%) remained in the calling position and no males were observed flying in the vicinity of the tables. When C. cactorum pairs were examined under UV light, six males were identified as belonging to the released group while the remaining five were feral males. Dissection confirmed that all copulating females had a spermatophore in the bursa copulatrix.
Mating Behavior-Alligator Point
Even though mating tables were under almost continuous observation from 0500 hours on 8 July 2003, no courtship/mating activities were observed until 0545 hours when 6 of 22 females assumed a calling posture. Two females placed on the communal mating table became entrapped in excessive dew and were not included in the reported outcomes. In total, nine mating pairs (41% of observed females) were collected on 8 July 2003. The first mating pair was found at 0545 hours. Thereafter, mating pairs were observed at 0550 hours (2 pair), 0552 hours (1 pair), 0553 hours (2 pair), 0611 hours (1 pair), and 0612 hours (2 pairs). Females continued to call until 0647 hours. During the entire observation period, three (14%) females did not participate in courtship/mating activities. Males and females remained in copula for a short period of time. Most pairs disengaged from one another in less than 30 min (range 14-29 min). When captured pairs were examined in the laboratory, all males were determined to be feral. Dissection confirmed that eight of nine mated females retained a spermatophore in the bursa copulatrix.
Precise Timing of Mating Events
A temporal description of C. cactorum courtship and mating behaviors observed during the mornings of 15-18 July 2003 is summarized in Table 1. Events related to the rising sun during these mornings are also presented in Table 1. All courtship and mating activities were concentrated during a two-hour period (0528-0733 hours), beginning each day between astronomical and nautical twilight when skies had just started to lighten. Activity ended soon after sunrise. The majority of C. cactorum completed all measured courtship/mating events before sunrise, including initiation of female calling (100%), male response to female (100%), initiation of copula (100%), copula termination (96%), and female calling termination (77%). In fact, the mean time between the initiation of calling behavior by females and the last male seen responding to the females was only 16 min (0602-0618 hours). Light intensity measured each minute during the evening/morning of 17/18 July 2003 was negligible from 2054 to 0628 hours and did not increase until 0629 hours when the intensity was measured at 43 lum/m2.
Initiation of calling posture by females was immediately followed by the response of males (flying around the mating tables, landing inside the mating arenas, and attempting copulation with the females). We did not observe any elaborate courtship behavior by the male after landing next to the female nor prior to attempting copulation. Mating pairs were formed soon after the male landed next to the female. In a few instances, females moved away from the male. Females successful at attracting males remained in the calling posture for a short time (mean of 5.2 min). Unsuccessful females continued calling for 40 min. Mating pairs remained in copula for a short time period (mean of 31.8 min), however, one pair remained in copula for 113 min. Females that did not secure a mate remained in the calling posture beyond the time when males were seen flying near the mating tables.
Figure 3 displays the proportion of females (n = 57) involved in calling or mating activities over time. The time between 0606 and 0645 hours was when the highest proportion of females was observed to be in a calling posture. The period between 0601 through 0635 hours was when the greatest number of females was found to be in copula.
Female Refractory Period
Thirteen of the 14-mated females produced an average of 1.4 eggsticks/female their first night after mating. The eggsticks averaged 37 eggs/eggstick. Only one female exhibited calling behavior on its first morning after mating. This female did not attract a male and died by the next morning without producing an eggstick, although dissection revealed successful mating had occurred. On the second night after mating, only three of the eight mated females produced eggsticks; one eggstick/female averaging 28 eggs/eggstick. One female called for 71 min without attracting a male. This female had produced two eggsticks its first night after mating but did not produce an eggstick after its second calling event. Of the five females that mated on the morning of 15 July and followed a third night/morning, two females produced two eggsticks (mean of 19 eggs/eggstick), one female died, and two females were idle.
Discussion
Behaviors associated with courtship and mating in Pyralidae vary from elaborate and interactive sequences to simple straightforward behaviors. For example, males attract females through acoustic signaling from song perches, such as in Symmoracma minoralis Snellen (Heller & Achmann 1995). Stationary males of Galleria melonella (L.) produce 0.5 to 1 s bursts of wing fanning and are approached by attracted females (Flint & Merkle 1983). Ephestia elutella (Hübner) males approach pheromone-producing females, engage in head-to-head posturing while positioning their abdominal scent structures in close proximity to the female antennae and attempt copulation from the head-to-head position (Phelan & Baker 1990). Other species of Pyralidae exhibit very simple courtship behaviors, with males locating pheromone-emitting females and quickly attempting copulation by lateral abdominal thrusts under the female wing without any behavioral embellishments, such as in the navel orange worm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Phelan & Baker 1990).
Our results indicate that mating behavior in C. cactorum closely matches the description for simple courtship behavior given by Phelan & Baker (1990). In our field studies, the initiation of calling posture by virgin female C. cactorum inside mating arenas was almost immediately followed by the response of males (flying around the mating tables, landing inside the mating arenas, and attempting copulation with the females) and the formation of mating pairs. The behavior sequences observed for C. cactorum closely match observations described for the lesser mulberry pyralid (Glyphodes pyloalis Walker) by Seol et al. (1986). They reported that the random flight of males continued for several tens of seconds after the females were first observed in a calling position and that males and females were observed in copula almost immediately after encountering one another.
With respect to timing of sexual activity, Wysoki et al. (1993) studied the reproductive behavior of the honeydew moth [Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Millière)]. They found that mating in this pyralid occurred 1-2 h before dawn (beginning at 0345 hours and ending around 0530 hours) and that duration of copulation averaged 100 min (range 70-145 min). Peak periods of sexual activity in the pyralids studied by Phelan & Baker (1990) varied in their distribution from 0-2 h subsequent to the initiation of scotophase to 2-0 h prior to the initiation of photophase. Vetter et al. (1997) reported that female carob moth (Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller) initiate calling in the fourth through seventh hour of scotophase and all calling terminates during the first hour of photophase. Carob moths mate during the fourth and eighth hours of scotophase and pairs remain in copula for an average of 2.35 ± 0.84 h. Flint & Merkle (1983) reported that Greater wax moth adults remain in copula for only a few minutes, yet, upon dissection, 82% of the female moths had sperm in the spermatheca.
Our observations on C. cactorum identified that no mating activity occurred during the scotophase between 2100 hours and 0500 hours, 6-18 July 2003. During the 4 mornings of detailed observations, moth courtship/mating activities were restricted to a two-hour period (0528-0733 hours). A high percentage of insects initiated courtship/mating behaviors [female posturing (98%), male response (98%), and copulation (100%)] before civil twilight (0620 hours), the limit at which twilight illumination is sufficient for terrestrial objects to be clearly distinguished (Seidelman 1992). In fact, five females began calling (four of which began copula) just before nautical twilight (0548 hours), the time when general outlines of ground objects are distinguishable, but visual details are not clear (Seidelman 1992). This was about one hour before sunrise occurred. All but two matings were complete before sunrise. We conclude that the peak period of sexual activity for C. cactorum begins between nautical and civil twilight and ends before sunrise.
The underlying physiology responsible for the production of the C. cactorum male sex attractant is unknown; however, the female appears to be receiving stimuli that initiate the mating process before the beginning of nautical twilight. Astronomical twilight, the time at which the Sun begins to illuminate the sky (Seidelman 1992), occurred during our observations at 0513 ± 0.01 hours. Molecular scattering of ultraviolet radiation and imperceptible sky illumination in the high altitudes of the troposphere and stratosphere (Lee & Hernández-Andrés 2003) present at this time may be providing the stimuli for female C. cactorum to initiate their physiological and behavioral courtship/mating behaviors.
We saw no evidence of elaborate courtship behaviors after the male landed next to the female, nor prior to copulation. Mating pairs were formed soon after the male landed and only in a few instances did the female move away from the male. Mating pairs remained in copula for a short period of time (mean of 31.8 min) and almost 100% of the females were found to contain a spermatophore in the burse copulatrix upon dissection.
The limited observations on female refractory period revealed no subsequent matings by mated females. The two mated females that exhibited calling postures failed to attract males and did not produce eggsticks after their second calling event. The average number of eggsticks produced per female was similar to reports from Australia (Dodd 1940) and South Africa (Zimmermann et al. 2000). However, additional observations over the life of mated females are planned to conclusively determine the number of matings per female and their oviposition outcomes.
Opuntia spp. occur naturally from southern Canada to South America and form a continuous distribution across the southern U.S. from Florida through the states along the Gulf of Mexico (Benson 1982). The potential spread of C. cactorum to the opuntia-rich areas of the western U.S. and Mexico could have devastating effects on the landscape and biodiversity of this region. Our new discovery of C. cactorum on the western border of Florida intensifies the concern and shortens the time in which this insect will likely spread into the southwest. Biological control of C. cactorum is not a recommended pest control tactic because of the non-target concerns compiled by Pemberton & Cordo (2001). Irradiation studies have determined the dose at which C. cactorum males and females are 100% sterile and at which the deleterious effects of substerilizing doses inherited by the F1 generation are minimized (Carpenter et al. 2001b). An SIT program is the most plausible approach for controlling C. cactorum along its leading edge to limit geographical range expansion and to eradicate isolated populations in front of the leading edge. SIT could also be used as an abatement program to protect rare and endangered Opuntia spp. Studies on mating behavior reported herein have advanced the development of a successful SIT program. We have demonstrated that a proportion of marked males stay near their release site and can be recovered and identified. We have determined that mating behaviors are simple and straightforward, that the majority of mating behaviors are initiated and completed before sunrise, that successful matings last, on average, 37 min (female calling plus duration of copula), and that, for the most part, females are busy ovipositing the first few nights after mating, not exhibiting additional mating behaviors. Our mating behavior study is also helpful to the ongoing C. cactorum research to isolate and identify the female calling pheromone. Bioassays testing the attractiveness of pheromone components and blends may need to be conducted under natural lighting with observations being made between nautical and civil twilight. Our observations will also be useful in efforts to improve traps used for monitoring, and to develop a technique to estimate adult moth population numbers.
Acknowledgments
We thank Nathan Herrick, John Mass, Carla Evans, (USDA-ARS-CMAVE Tallahassee, FL), Robert Caldwell, Susan Drawdy, and Robert Giddens (USDA-ARS-CPMRU Tifton, GA) for their technical assistance. We also thank Dr. Robert Meagher (USDA-ARS-CMAVE Gainesville, FL), Dr. Russ Mizell (Univ. of Florida), and Nathan Herrick for their helpful reviews of this manuscript. Appreciation is expressed to St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge and homeowners of Alligator Point for allowing us to conduct our studies on their properties.
References Cited
Table 1.
Temporal description of courtship and mating behaviors of Cactoblastis cactorum, and sunrise events at Alligator Point, FL, 15-18 July 2003. Sunrise events calculated from U.S. Naval Observatory website <http://aa.usno.navy.mil/>. Times are reported in Eastern Daylight Savings Time on 24-hour clock. | https://bioone.org/journals/florida-entomologist/volume-86/issue-4/0015-4040(2003)086%5B0400:CCLPOO%5D2.0.CO;2/CACTOBLASTIS-CACTORUM-Lepidoptera--pyralidae--Observations-of-Courtship-and/10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086%5B0400:CCLPOO%5D2.0.CO;2.full |
founding by French chemist Grignard year of 1901. An organic halogen compound (halogenated alkyl, halogenated aromatic active) with magnesium metal to form an organomagnesium reagent of absolute ethyl ether, known as "Grignard reagent", referred to as "the Grignard reagent." In the French chemist Normand 1953 tetrahydrofurfuryl (THF) as solvent to give a Grignard reagent. The improvement called "Grignard - Normand reaction."
is now commonly used in a halogenated hydrocarbon with magnesium anhydrous diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran (THF) in the reaction of preparation process must be carried out in absolute ethanol without water without carbon dioxide, a substance having active hydrogen conditions. Generally represented by the formula R-Mg-X. Grignard reagent is a reactive reagents in organic synthesis, can occur: conjugated, addition, substitution and other types of reaction, it has a high value in organic synthesis.
There are two general Grignard reagent, 1: chlorobenzene (benzyl chloride) in diethyl ether (tetrahydrofuran) and the reaction of magnesium, 2: Bromocyclopentane under ether (tetrahydrofuran) and magnesium (zinc) reaction.
properties
referred to as a Grignard reagent. A class of the general formula R-Mg-X reagent, wherein R is an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbyl group, X is a halogen (Cl, Br, or I). Preparation usually in dry diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran, a halogenated hydrocarbon with magnesium metal. Extremely lively nature, with compounds having active hydrogen (e.g., H 2 O, ROH, RC≡CH ...) an aldehyde, ketone, ester, acid halide, nitrile, oxirane, alkyl halide, carbon dioxide , phosphorous trichloride, boron trichloride, silicon tetrachloride and other reactions. Important reagents in organic synthesis.
structure
Grignard reagent is a covalent compound, a magnesium atom directly attached to the carbon polar covalent bonds, carbon electronegative end, the Grignard reagent is therefore extremely Lewis base, from water and other protic Lewis acids captured, it is not a Grignard reagent, carbon dioxide in contact with water, the Grignard reagent prepared by the reaction for an initiator and needs in anhydrous conditions under an air isolation.
prepared
Grignard reagent is generally composed of a halogenated hydrocarbon with magnesium in diethyl ether or anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF) in a reaction. (Halobenzene must respond in THF) Grignard reagent may form a complex with an ether oxygen atom or tetrahydrofuran, in the manufacturing process must be of absolute ethanol, carbon dioxide-free substance having an active hydrogen (such as: water, alcohol performed ammonia, hydrogen halides, terminal alkynes, etc.) conditions.
in the active hydrogen material or of THF: R-Br + Mg → R-Mg-X
Due to the high price of an alkyl iodide, alkyl bromide using the general synthesis. Halogenated alkyl bromide is most commonly used in the preparation of the Grignard reagent, but chlorine, methyl bromide gas are inconvenient to use, typically using methyl magnesium iodide, methyl iodide synthesis. Chlorobenzene in the preparation of the Grignard reagent must control the temperature and pressure. Allylic type and benzyl Grignard reagents, coupling occurs not reacted with the halogenated hydrocarbon after synthesis, thus requiring strict control of temperature.
prepared
in 250mL three-neck flask, fitted with stirrer, constant pressure dropping funnel and with CaCl reflux condenser 2 drying tube. Placed 2.9g (0.12mol) of magnesium turnings in a three-necked flask, 20mL of anhydrous diethyl ether with immersion. Under stirring, added dropwise to a solution of 5mL 25% halogenated ether (prepared from the halogenated hydrocarbons and 0.12mol anhydrous ethyl ether formed). If the reaction was rendered turbid and the temperature rise, indicating that the reaction has begun. If this phenomenon is not generated, it is necessary to add 1 to 2 fine iodine crystals, and slightly heated. Moment, iodine color started to fade, the solution became cloudy, the reaction began, the heating was stopped. The remaining solution was added dropwise to the reaction flask halogenated hydrocarbon, steady drip rate to maintain the reaction solution boils appropriate. Addition was complete, with a warm water bath heated at reflux for about half an hour to complete the reaction, i.e., diethyl ether solution of Grignard reagent.
Notes
(1) whenever not want diethyl ether was evaporated to dryness.
(2) drying the instruments required. Reagents and solvents must be dried.
(3) heating in hot water bath, must not heated by flame.
(4) that oxygen in the air with a Grignard reagent oxidation occurs slowly, a diethyl ether solution of the Grignard reagent in a dark room beautiful emits light, is for this reason. Accordingly, the Grignard reagent can not be set long, usually with the use with the system.
Grignard reaction
Grignard reagent and certain active hydrogen compound (water, alcohols, acids, etc.), CO 2 , carbonyl compound, or metal the reaction becomes a non-metal halide and the like Grignard reaction. Common to the preparation of hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, acids and the like. For example: | https://www.techintroduce.com/technology/green-reagent/ |
North American Invasive Species Management Association
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Our Association consists of a network of professional members in all fifty states, as well as in Canada and Mexico who implement management programs to prevent the detrimental impacts of invasive species to North America’s lands and waters. NAISMA’s mission is to support, promote, and empower invasive species prevention and management in North America. We accomplish our mission by providing programs, resources, and networking opportunities that bridge jurisdictional and geographic divides.
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- Provide course design recommendations to the team;
- Facilitate testing of course updates, new courses, and bug fixes with Program Manager and teams.
- Manage LMS functions including monitoring course content, course approvals, and evaluation;
- Create/publish/archive online/instructor-led courses, add/deletes resources, monitor accounts, reset passwords, and maintain system parameters;
- Administer LMS user accounts; sets and maintains security roles and access levels;
- Provide system maintenance which includes upgrades and updates, configuration, troubleshooting, debugging, and user access testing;
- Maintain data integrity rules and processes for the LMS, such as course descriptions, course or class changes, and instructors;
- Investigate and resolve any data or system inconsistencies or discrepancies;
- Lead the establishment, documentation, and enforcement of registration, scheduling, and cancellation policies and procedures;
- Maintain all LMS instructor course materials and provide support related to document control system requirements;
- Ensure connection and automation between website, AMS, and LMS systems.
- Process course updates and monitor user access for monthly usage reporting;
- Provide ongoing technical support to the learning management system;
- Provide training and technical support to users and team members;
- Prepare written reports, training materials, and standard operating procedures when needed;
- Identify and communicate opportunities for process and quality improvements, as well as provide feedback on real-world usage, defects, and suggested enhancements;
- Seek opportunities to increase internal and external customer satisfaction.
Required Qualifications
- Bachelor’s degree or equivalent experience in IT, eLearning, or related field;
- 2-4 years experience in LMS;
- Proficiency in WordPress and Elementor website builder
- Experience with instructional design
Preferred Qualifications
- Experience working with LMS and Website media, including H5P
- Experience with HTML, CSS, PHP
- Familiarity with WooCommerce
This is a part-time, non-exempt position with an hourly rate of $26 – $33 depending on the successful candidate’s experience and qualifications. A contractor position with a higher hourly rate and the responsibility of tax-payment and reporting on the contractor may be offered if the successful candidate prefers. Interested candidates, please email a single pdf file with a cover letter; resume or CV; portfolio of websites that the applicant has managed; and 2-3 references to:
[email protected] with subject: “NAISMA Website and LMS Administrator” by COB Wednesday, May 12, 2021. Applications will be reviewed on an on-going basis and the position will be filled as soon as possible.
NAISMA is proud to be an equal opportunity employer. All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, gender, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, national origin, disability, age, or veteran status.
To apply for this job please visit naisma.org. | https://nelson.wisc.edu/job/north-american-invasive-species-management-association-milwaukee-wi-256-website-and-learning-management-system-administrator/ |
Antimicrobial treatment of occult bacteremia: a multicenter cooperative study.
This prospective multicenter study was conducted to define more clearly clinical and laboratory criteria that predict a strong probability of occult bacteremia and to evaluate the effect of empiric broad spectrum antimicrobial treatment of these children. Children 3 to 36 months old with fever > or = 40 degrees C (104 degrees F) or, > or = 39.5 degrees C (103 degrees F) with white blood cells (WBC) > or = 15 x 10(9)/liter, and no focus of infection had blood cultures obtained and were randomized to treatment with oral amoxicillin/potassium clavulanate or intramuscular ceftriaxone. Sixty of 519 (11.6%) study patients had positive blood cultures: Streptococcus pneumoniae, 51; Haemophilus influenzae b, 6; Neisseria meningitidis, 2; and Group B Streptococcus, 1. Subgroups of high risk were identified as fever > or = 39.5 degrees C and WBC > or = 15 x 10(9)/liter, 55 of 331 or 16.6% positive with increasing incidence of positive culture with increasing increments of degrees of leukocytosis to WBC > or = 30 x 10(9)/liter where 9 of 21 or 42.9% were positive. Subgroups of significantly lower risk were identified as fever > or = 39.5 degrees C and WBC < 15 x 10(9)/liter, 5 of 182 or 2.7% positive and those with WBC < 10 x 10(9)/liter, 0 of 99 or 0.0% positive. Children with positive cultures who received ceftriaxone were nearly all afebrile after 24 hours whereas a significant number who received amoxicillin/potassium clavulanate remained febrile. In the 459 culture-negative children more amoxicillin/potassium clavulanate-treated children developed diarrhea and had less improvement in clinical scores after 24 hours than ceftriaxone-treated children.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Incredibly creamy and light flavors using tempered egg to thicken! This is such a comforting soup that's easy to adjust to create a thinner or thick soup.
Avgolemono is of Jewish origin, but also considered a Greek dish. The translation means "egg-lemon," and it is type of sauce that combines eggs, lemon juice, and broth. When heated it thickens to create a smooth and and flavorful finish.
This avgolemono chicken and rice soup does not disappoint with its richness, creaminess, and healthy ingredients! I've added chicken, rice, carrots, and garlic to round it out to a perfect meal.
If you've never combined egg and lemon to thicken soup, it's time to try it! I'm sure you'll be hooked, as I was! It's a great way to make a thick soup gluten free, creamier, and brighter tasting.
I chose to add quite a bit of rice to this soup which tastes amazing. But, you can always decrease the rice or increase the rice or increase the broth to create a thinner version.
I chose to shred the chicken but you can just as easily cube it to any size you'd like. This recipe works great for using up leftover baked or rotisserie chicken as well if you want to save time, or just use up those leftovers!
Eggs to Thicken
I have seen that traditional avgolemono is made with only egg yolk, or by splitting the eggs and whisking them separately before combining them together. I have chosen to use the later method for creating evenly whisked eggs.
A key step of making this soup is to temper the eggs! You want to make sure that you're adding warm broth to the whisked eggs slowly, then slowly reincorporate the eggs back in into the remaining soup. Mix well and briskly to avoid any clumping.
If you whisk the eggs well and temper them, you really shouldn't have any problems!
Try These Similar Recipes
- Southwestern Corn Chowder
- Loaded Veggie and Potato Soup
- Homestyle Chicken Noodle Soup
- All in One Chicken and Barley
- Chicken Alfredo with Zucchini
Avgolemono Chicken and Rice Soup
Ingredients
- ¾ diced carrots
- ⅓ cup diced celery (packed)
- ¾ cup minced yellow onion
- 2 large garlic cloves
- 7 cups low sodium vegetable broth (option to use low sodium chicken broth)
- 1 tablespoon olive oil
- 2 large skinless, boneless chicken breasts (2 – 2 ¼ lbs)
- 1 cup uncooked white rice (short or long grain)
- 2 large eggs
- ¼ cup freshly squeezed lemon juice
Instructions
- In a large, heavy-bottom pot (I use a large Corning Ware), heat 1 tablespoon olive oil on medium heat. Once hot, add all vegetables and sauté for about 2 minutes. Add broth and decrease to medium-low heat. Add chicken breasts, piercing the chicken multiple times with a knife, and 1 cup uncooked rice. Stir occasionally throughout cook to avoid sticking.
- Add 1 teaspoon sea salt, freshly ground pepper to taste, 1 ½ teaspoon dried dill, and 1 bay leaf.
- Cook for about 13-15 minutes, flip chicken, then decrease heat to low. Cook for another 28-30 minutes, then shred the chicken in the pot using 2 forks. Continue cooking for 20 more minutes.
- After about 15 minutes of the cook time is up, begin next step: separate 2 large eggs and whisk each separately, then whisk them together, along with ¼ cup lemon juice. Temper the eggs by slowly adding in 1 cup of hot broth from the soup pot into the eggs while whisking continuously (important step). Add 1 additional cup of broth, whisking again.
- After the 20 minutes is up, reincorporate the tempered eggs back into the soup pot, stirring continuously to avoid scrambling the eggs.
- Continue to cook for another minute or two on simmer then remove from heat.
- Add more salt to taste.
Notes
Cook time 70 min. | https://gardentogriddle.com/avgolemono-chicken-and-rice-soup/ |
The knee arthroscopy learning curve: quantitative assessment of surgical skills.
To assess orthopaedic trainees performing diagnostic knee arthroscopies and evaluate procedural competence using a novel statistical method, the Cumulative Summation Test for Learning Curve (LC-CUSUM). Twenty orthopaedic trainees in postgraduate year (PGY) 1 through 5 performed diagnostic knee arthroscopy and were evaluated intraoperatively with a validated 10-point knee task-specific checklist (TSCL) and 50-point global rating scale (GRS). A score of 40 points or greater (of 50 points) for the GRS and 8 points or greater (of 10 points) for the knee TSCL was considered to indicate a successful procedure. For the LC-CUSUM analysis, adequate performance was defined as a 10% failure rate, inadequate performance was defined as a 30% failure rate, and an acceptable deviation from adequate performance was defined as 10%. A limit h equal to 1.6 was selected to give a true-discovery rate of 90% and a false-discovery rate of 10% over 50 procedures. A total of 340 consecutive procedures were performed by 20 trainees during the 12-month study period. The cumulative number of arthroscopic procedures performed by trainees before study start increased with increasing PGY. The median number of arthroscopic procedures performed per trainee was 16.5 (interquartile range, 14 to 21.75). Competency in knee arthroscopy for the TSCL was achieved by 8 trainees (40%), after a median of 16 procedures (interquartile range, 13 to 20), and for the GRS by only a single trainee (5%), after 14 procedures. Threshold-adjusted curves stratified by PGY level enabled multiple trainees to achieve competency for both the TSCL and GRS. The LC-CUSUM can be successfully applied to knee arthroscopy to provide an individualized assessment of performance and quantitatively demonstrate competency for basic arthroscopic tasks. The LC-CUSUM is an effective method to evaluate procedure competence in arthroscopic training and can provide objective feedback and benchmarks in the learning phase.
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Artist Polly Verity Creates Unbelievable Facial Sculptures Made From Folded Paper
UK-based artist Polly Verity creates unimaginable facial sculptures made out of folded paper. Origami has been practiced for tons of of years a pure summary tessellated kind, Polly creates these facial sculptures made out of folded paper in a revolutionary approach.
In her phrases in regards to the course of “After I hit the curved folds that’s when my mind popped. Seemingly unattainable issues might occur to a sheet of paper. My years of observing and investigating how curve folds behave has given me a really feel for bringing the curves into the figurative realm. I attempted to fold alongside the profile of a face, and I spotted that I might tweak the paper on both facet simply very barely and ease curves out to provide quantity and kind. After I tried the identical method in watercolour paper, I abruptly had micro-control over the ensuing curved kinds they usually turned gentle and sensual. So every face goes on to tell the subsequent they usually have turn into a kind of sequence.”
Scroll down and encourage your self. Please examine her Instagram for extra superb work. Store the work from Polly’s web site.
You will discover Polly Verity on the net:
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Associated Articles: | https://apicolturabarbiero.com/artist-polly-verity-creates-unbelievable-facial-sculptures-made-from-folded-paper.html |
Arden Fair’s UnchARTed art program presents, The Heart of Sacramento, a gallery featuring the works of world-renown artists alongside local creatives.
CURRENT EXHIBITIONS
Dr. Samella Lewis and Family, Curated by Unity Lewis
This exhibit highlights the art of Dr. Samella Lewis, alongside the artwork of her son Claude Lewis and grandson Unity Lewis. The works presented in this exhibit display the power of Dr. Lewis’ influence acting as an inspiration to push a legacy of creativity forward.
The Light Within Richmond Barthé, Curated by Unity Lewis
Guests will have the opportunity to view sculptures by world-renowned Harlem Renaissance artist, Richmond Barthé.
UnchARTed Through the Years, Curated by Sarah Marie Hawkins, UpperCloud
Supporting the Sacramento arts community has been a focus of Arden Fair for decades. To continue this mission, the UnchARTed arts program was created in 2018 to celebrate and uplift Sacramento’s diverse artistic expression. This exhibition features works from artists and organizations who have participated in the UnchARTed program. Through UnchARTed, we invite you to experience Arden Fair in a whole new way.
JUNETEENTH CELEBRATION – JUNE 19 | 3-6PM
Join us for a very special Juneteenth Celebration on the gallery’s last day! In addition to celebrating the anniversary of African-Americans’ emancipation, we will be honoring the life and legacy of one of Black art history’s most important figures, Dr. Samella Lewis (February 27, 1922 – May 27, 2022).
This free event will feature an intimate Artist Talk with Unity Lewis and host Faith J. McKinnie, where Unity will talk about his role as a caretaker of his grandmother’s legacy. This will also be the last opportunity to see the monumental exhibitions featuring artworks from three generations of the Lewis family, including Dr. Lewis’ son Claude and grandson Unity, as well as the legendary sculptural works of Dr. Lewis’ good friend, Richmond Barthé.
We also have an extra special treat! The first 200 guests will receive a print from world-renown artist and activist, Elizabeth Catlett. Catlett (1915–2012) achieved international fame for her powerful explorations of race, class, and her own African-American female identity. As a young woman, she studied art in the United States during the Great Depression of the 1930s.
Artist Talk | 4-5pm
Moderator: Faith J. McKinnie
Curator & Artist: Unity Lewis
Performances
DJ YODECI | 3 – 6pm
Sita Kali Ma’at | 5:30 – 5:50pm
Bites and Beverages
Spidermonkey’s Dessert Studio
LemonMob
Complimentary wine & water provided by Arden Fair
Browse and shop for fine art from our growing network of artists, collectors, estates, galleries — specializing in works by Black American artists with great values on premier art.
START COLLECTING ART
Sign up for our free email course on how to begin your collection.
Would you buy stock in BAIA if you could? Well we invite you to join us in becoming a monthly supporter, starting at just $3 a month YOU become a stakeholder and begin to help us transform lives through art. We are growing the BAIA team and will use your contributions to hire more team members for the purpose of creating more educational and marketing resources for schools and universities about african american artists both past and present. Such art initiatives and educational programming like Blacklite with Steve Prince, Relating to Art with Dr. Kelli Morgan, and BAIA BITS would not be possible without the ongoing support of our Patreon members. Please consider becoming a monthly Patreon member today! | https://www.blackartinamerica.com/index.php/2022/06/16/the-heart-of-sacramento-juneteenth-celebration/ |
The investigation of our physical surroundings by making quantum mechanical (QM) electronic structure calculations is a continually growing field of research. Electronic structure calculations have shown usefulness in many sciences, ranging from solid-state physics to pharmacology. They have not only increased understanding of the experimental results but have also shown the capability to predict key properties and therefore allow rational design of molecules and materials based on theoretical predictions. Electronic structure calculations have even breached into biology, the science of life itself. With the possible increased scientific understanding and applicability to problems in e.g. medicine and nanotechnology, electronic structure calculations carry enormous potential impact, also on the every-day world around us. The reach of electronic structure calculations is further enhanced in quantum or ab-initio molecular dynamics (QMD/AI-MD) where the full dynamics of the system at realistic temperatures are revealed.
One of the most important theoretical techniques in the study of large systems at room temperature, e.g. biological or polymer systems, is molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In MD the system is described as a set of particles that are propagated according to the laws of classical mechanics over a given potential energy surface. Depending on the way in which the interaction potential between the particles is obtained, MD methods can be divided into classical force field MD or quantum MD methods. Though classical force field MD methods, the by-far most common approach, are very successful for the simulation of many biological and polymer systems, chemical reactions and more complex atoms such as transition metals can only be treated adequately by a complete quantum mechanical description. In QMD all the interactions are calculated from an electronic structure method (here density functional theory - DFT). QMD simulations are therefore parameter-free and enable a direct and potentially unbiased simulation of chemical and physical events. Since temperature is taken into account a sampling of the conformational space is made, making simulations less biased upon choices of initial conditions and chosen reaction coordinates.
Thermoelectric Polymers
To meet growing world-wide demand of electricity (projected to have doubled to 26TW by 2050) the search is on for alternative renewable energy sources convertible into electricity. Since the sun is the largest readily available source of energy, and one that easily could satisfy our energy needs with an irradiating power of the order of 100 000 TW, ways to convert solar energy into electricity are very attractive. Among the most promising such ways to convert solar heat into electricity is using thermoelectric generators (TEG). TEGs are constructed using thermoelectric materials, materials where a temperature gradient gives rise to an electric current. Among the drawbacks of the presently used inorganic thermoelectric materials are that they are composed of hazardous elements with low natural abundance. Organic polymer-based thermoelectric materials on the other hand, though presently being less efficient, can be mass-produced using safer highly abundant elements at low cost.
Thermoelectric generators are constructed using thermoelectric materials, materials where a temperature gradient gives rise to an electric current, the so-called Seebeck effect. The Seebeck coefficients in materials vary greatly from 10-6 to 10-3. Thermoelectric devices consist of many thermoelectric couples (one material with n-type negative charge carriers and the other with p-type positive charge carriers) wired electrically in series and thermally in parallel. In order to attain a sizable Seebeck voltage a large temperature gradient needs to remain over time across the thermocouple. We therefore need both:
- a high Seebeck co-efficient (to generate a large Seebeck voltage)
- high electrical conductivity (to easily move the charge carriers)
- low thermal conductivity (to maintain the thermal gradient).
These three characteristics are not easily combined, e.g. metals are both highly conducting to heat and electricity, and thus good thermoelectric materials are a special class of materials. Among the organic polymer-based thermoelectric materials that are subject to intense interest in the scientific community, doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), see figure 1, with thermoelectric power, tunable high electric conductivity, and air stability is widely used and has emerged as a most promising candidate.
Our simulations of PEDOT
Current strategies to increase its thermopower include doping with anions, e.g. polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), tosylate ions (Tos), or transition metal ions. In the present simulations we study both uncharged and charged, pristine and doped with anions, PEDOT oligomers, in the polymeric (1D chain), and in the 3D crystal state using quantum molecular dynamics. Despite the wide application of PEDOT and wealth of data from various experimental techniques, atomic scale descriptions of its electronic and geometric structures in general remain incomplete and especially the charge carrying polarons in these systems are still poorly understood. | https://www.hig.se/Ext/En/University-of-Gavle/Organisation/Akademier/Faculty-of-Engineering-and-Sustainable-Development/Research-at-the-Faculty/Researchers/Physics/Hakan-Hugosson/Research-area.html |
- "This is a good sign."
"This is a good sign."
Translation:Esto es una buena señal.
14 Comments
why don't we use "esta" here instead of "esto" , if we know señal is a feminine word?
I was wondering the same thing until I thought about it a little more. "Esto" in the sentence doesn't actually refer to the "sign" but rather the abstract "thing" that is a good sign. Since that thing isn't explicitly stated in this sentence they used 'esto.'
What about èste, which i thought was used as a masculine demonstrarive pronoun in that section?
You are correct, but there is nothing masculine in the sentence. 'Esto' (and 'eso') are used in gender neutral/indeterminate situations.
In my book yes and that was also my response. Adding "una" may be a more literal translation, but both should be valid :-)
So does seña mean sign as in signpost, and señal mean sign as in omen or indication?
Did anyone else learn that "esto" and "esta" should have an accent on the "e" when not directly followed by a noun?
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Yes, I did on ésta and éste and lost many a point in school, but apparently now the RAE no longer requires the accents on the é to differentiate these words from the verb forms of estar: está and esté
I learned that with the accents éste and ésta meant "this ONE" rather than "this."
Is "buen señal" wrong? Is it only valid for use with masculine nouns only? . | https://forum.duolingo.com/comment/190086/This-is-a-good-sign |
Cancer is a disease that has impacted many of us. At Lighthouse Radio Network we have one staff member that is a cancer survivor and one member of our board who is battling Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma.
Sarah’s House sole purpose is to develop, construct, and operate residential housing for cancer patients receiving care at Eastern Maine Medical Center’s Cancer Care of Maine. Some families have to drive back and forth several hours just to receive treatment. Sarah’s House would give them a place to stay so they can conserve their energy and fight cancer.
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The Inspiration
In 2010 Sarah Robinson was diagnosed with cancer. Sarah and her husband, Ben, had to travel from Old Town, Maine to Boston, Massachusetts for treatment. Through that experience, they learned about places where cancer patients could stay for little or no cost during their treatment.
When Sarah returned to the Lafayette Family Cancer Center in Maine, she met patients who, like her, had traveled hundreds of miles in the course of receiving treatment. Many of the patients Sarah met had spent hours in the car, driving from Maine’s most rural areas to receive care. With first-hand knowledge of the physical, emotional, and financial challenges experienced by those undergoing cancer treatment, Sarah wanted to help and invested time and energy into bringing people together around her vision.
Sarah died in December 2011, but with the two years given to her, this young woman worked diligently to establish a cancer hospitality house for residents of eastern, central, and northern Maine. Ben has joined with others in this region who want to see Sarah’s dream come true. | https://www.solutionfm.com/sarahs-house.html |
OPEN SECRETS AND CLOSE SECRETS
The sequence between Sifu Joshua and John reveals some secrets hidden in the open. Do you know what these secrets are? Some close secrets are also explained by Grandmaster Wong. They are found in the sequence between Sifu Mark Hartnett and Sifu Robin, and the demonstration by Grandmaster Wong and Sifu Tim. Please remember that these are close secrets, i.e. secrets taught behind close doors, and should not be revealed to outsiders. | https://shaolin.org/video-clips-5/wingchoon/wingchoon09/wingchoon73.html |
No matter how well you care for a loved one at home, some medical conditions require hospital stays. If you care for someone with a chronic illness — especially an older adult — a hospitalization is always a possibility. However, the need for hospital care can affect anyone, regardless of age. For example, my young, non-disabled partner landed in the hospital a couple years ago due to a serious allergic reaction to an antibiotic. Here are a few tips to help you out when your caregiving duties take you out of your routine.
Prepare a list of medications.
Keep an up-to-date file with any medical records or medical imaging.
Make sure you know where all insurance cards and advance directives are, and have your medical power of attorney on hand, if you have one.
Hospitalizations are not all bad. During a hospital stay, your loved one is getting the care they need, 24 hours a day. In addition, it may be an opportunity to depend on others to pick up some of the responsibilities that you’ve been carrying. In fact, this is a great time to work on accepting support, both from hospital staff and from friends and family. Hospitalizations force us to hand over care of our loved ones to others, and that’s okay.
There are still a few things you can do to make the stay easier, though. You can always bring some creature comforts from home to make your loved one more comfortable. Because my partner had an itchy rash when she was hospitalized, she was particularly heat-sensitive, so I brought her a box fan from home. Pictures, pillows, and favorite books or other media can go a long way to making a stay more comfortable. You can also communicate visiting hours to friends, family, and others who might want to come by.
When my partner was discharged, all she needed was a good meal and some sleep to get back to normal. However, it can be very daunting to take over the care of a patient who is just emerging from a difficult or even life-threatening illness. The most important thing is to understand what kind of care your loved one will need after discharge, so don’t be afraid to ask questions.
What will the patient’s recovery look like?
What kind of rehabilitative therapy, if any, will the patient need?
Will the patient’s medication regimen be changing?
Will any accommodations or modifications be needed to the patient’s living space?
Are there any specific health concerns to look out for after discharge?
Hospitalizations take a real toll on anyone, especially older adults. The impacts can last for some time, and may include both physical and psychological effects. After a hospitalization, make sure to stay in contact with your loved one’s providers, follow all discharge instructions, coordinate any recommended physical or occupational therapy, and speak up if you notice any behavioral or emotional changes. Hospital readmissions are common, but preventable; communicating early and often with a primary care team can be the key to heading off the need for a second (or subsequent) hospitalization.
I work in Medicare Marketing at Independence and blog about navigating life with chronic illness and other issues relevant to caregivers and health care consumers of all ages. | https://insights.ibx.com/when-youre-caring-for-someone-whos-hospitalized/ |
The volume of beverage and drug driving ban violations fell 14 percent in 2020, although some areas have seen an increase despite a sharp drop in traffic since the first lock was enforced in March.
Police in the cities of London, Humberside and Wiltshire said they had seen more journeys under the influence of cases this year than in 2019.
The figures were released amid fears that there could be another wave of crime over the Christmas season. Experts estimate the financial cost of being caught at the wheel over the legal alcohol limit is £ 70,000.
Has DUI crime increased in your area? Around 24 of the UK’s 43 police forces provided data on the extent of alcohol and drug driving violations found in their areas in 2020 compared to 2019
Of the 43 UK police forces who received a Freedom of Information request, 24 responded with alcohol and drug abuse figures for the year through mid-November.
Humberside Police Department recorded the highest annual increase, a 131 percent year-over-year increase, with 104 alcohol or drug violations recorded that year, compared with 45 in the same period last year.
The City of London Police saw a 25 percent increase (from 134 in 2019 to 167 in 2020) and Wiltshire Police saw a 5 percent increase. In 2020, 1,262 cases were affected, compared to 1,207 in 2019.
These increases are somewhat worrying given the significantly lower traffic volume this year due to lockdowns and restrictions put in place by the government to reduce the spread of the coronavirus.
Traffic fell by as much as 80 percent in some parts of the country in April, although the average number of cars on the road has decreased significantly in the past nine months from previous years.
The data for the 24 emergency services for both years are divided into months here
Analysis of the available FOI data by CarWow found that the UK’s monthly average of DUI crimes fell from 2,969.75 in 2019 to 2,772 in 2020.
The total number of incidents decreased from 35,637 to 30,492.
There were a number of months that DUI increased compared to 2019, including May (545 more in 2020), June (173 more), July (184 more), and August (351 more).
It should be noted, however, that the statistics for 2020 are only available for the year ending in mid-November – and December is usually the month when driving ban violations are highest.
The total number of trips under the influence of incidents decreased from 35,637 in 2019 to 30,492 this year
When looking at drink-driving incidents during the holiday season, the London Metropolitan Police recorded the highest number of crimes in 2019 (440), followed by Essex Police (393) and the Northern Ireland Armed Forces (275).
James Hind, CEO of the Car Settlement that launched the FOI inquiry, said, “One of the reasons we have seen increases in some areas could be because people became chancellors; You might think that because the streets are quiet, they can get away with a drink or two and get behind the wheel.
“This way of thinking is absolutely unacceptable and can cost lives.
“No matter how” good “you feel after a beer, there is absolutely no circumstance in which you should sit behind the wheel after your drink. Always have a qualified driver, especially this time of year.
The total cost of driving with drinks is a staggering £ 70,000
IAM RoadSmart has estimated that the full cost of exceeding the legal alcohol limit can be around £ 70,000
The UK’s largest independent road safety organization, IAM RoadSmart, has calculated that the personal financial cost of driving drinks, taking into account fines, legal fees, higher car insurance premiums, alternative transportation costs and potential losses, can be up to £ 70,000 or more can of merit upon conviction.
The charity’s research team found that after being convicted for drinking, costs now include:
– fines from £ 5,000although these are now unlimited, this could be a lot more
– Legal fees from £ 11,000 This is the average after conviction for a confession of no guilt
– increased insurance premiums from £ 13,500 over five years after a driver disqualification
– – £ 2,000 for taxi and public transport costs for alternative means of transport during a ban
– – £ 38,500 Loss of earnings for 15 months following a conviction based on an average UK salary.
Neil Greig, Director of IAM RoadSmart, said: “The impact of the drink-driving conviction on £ 70,000 is very sobering.
“This should be more than enough, let alone the thought of causing other harm to yourself, your family, or the other people you put at risk on the road, to stop the drivers tempted to drink more and sit behind the wheel.
“Our advice is therefore very simple to always stick with” None for the Road “.”
Empty streets as a result of closures, tiered restrictions and more people working from home have been blamed for an increase in speeding in the UK this year.
The latest speed statistics from the Department of Transportation for January through June showed evidence of a sharp increase in the number of motorists exceeding the limits from mid-March, compared to the previous year when the first Covid-19 restrictions were introduced.
It found that 30-mile zones were the most crossed by drivers, increasing to 63 percent during the lockdown, compared to 56 percent in the same period in 2019.
Traffic chiefs have already announced their intention to take action against drinks drivers in the UK who could introduce “Alcolocks”.
These in-car built-in devices can be built into vehicles owned by previously convicted drink drivers and require that they pass a breath test before driving.
The government will also look into issuing breath tests by police, which can provide more accurate readings, it has been reported.
Latest statistics show that an estimated 5,890 road accidents involved at least one driver who exceeded the alcohol limit in 2018, compared to 5,700 in the previous year.
Transport ministry figures also suggest that disproportionate numbers of women are killed and injured in drink-driving accidents.
Some of the links in this article may be affiliate links. If you click on it, we may receive a small commission. This helps us fund This Is Money and use it for free. We do not write articles to promote products. We do not allow any business relationship that would impair our editorial independence. | https://fbx.ee/technology/cars/three-police-forces-report-an-increase-in-alcohol-and-drug-law-violations-in-2020/ |
The discussion on impacts of climate change is filled with uncertainty. There is firstly great uncertainty on projected temperature rises and this inturn has a knock-on effect on the projected impacts. The latest IPCC reports reflect this uncertainty and are based on model temperature ranges linked to a number of different emission scenarios. Higher temperature rises are strongly linked with higher emissions and the longer the international community delays in making legally binding targets for cutting carbon emission the worse the scenarios become. For example there is now strong scientific consensus that without immediate legislation to cut global emissions the world is likely to exceed the 2°C target, above which the impacts become more painfull and irreversible.
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There is a significant regional variation in climate change and its impacts. In general, warming will be stronger over land areas than over the oceans, and some continents and regions will be subject to larger changes than others. For example the European Alps have experienced an average warming of 1.5°C compared to a global average of 0.8°C. In many regions, current differences in the distribution of precipitation tend to be amplified, i.e. wet regions generally will become wetter and dry regions will become drier. However the projected temperature increase is highly dependent on the various scenarios that we choose to take in regard to mitigation. The graphic to the right taken from the 2°C brochure produced by EG Science for the EU shows the various temperature rise scenarios including the range in the uncertainty from the models. At worst we can expect a 4.5°C increase by the end of the century, with many of the sceanrios suggesting an increase above the 2°C.
The following graphic shows the probability of exceeding the 2°C temperature rise target at various CO2 levels
Sea Level Rise
The following graph comes the 2007 IPCC report and shows the global mean sea level (deviation from the 1980-1999 mean) in the past and as projected for the future. For the period before 1870, global measurements of sea level are not available. The grey shading shows the uncertainty in the estimated long-term rate of sea level change. The red line is a reconstruction of global mean sea level from tide gauges and the red shading denotes the range of variations from a smooth curve. The green line shows global mean sea level observed from satellite altimetry. The blue shading represents the range of model projections based on various scenario for the 21st century, relative to the 1980 to 1999 mean, and has been calculated independently from the observations. Beyond 2100, the projections are increasingly dependent on the emissions scenarios. So what appears to be certain is a projected range of between 26 and 59 cm. However this projection excludes rapid dynamical changes in ice flow, that can lead to rapid melting events. This phenomena is explained in the Crock of the Week, by Peter Sinclair. The second video follows the heart breaking dilemna of Anote Tong, the President of the Republic of Kirabati as he contemplates the collapse of his country and culture. This can be used for local responses to climate change. The third video illustrates the impacts on the Alpine region of Europe but then goes on to look at sea level rise and other socio-economic impacts. The fourth video shows the well known problems of the low-lying country of Bangladesh and shows a local response of migration away from low lying coastal land to the city in Dhaka. It also deal with creative ways the local people have adapted to the impacts.
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The first of these next two video show a negative response to the impacts of climate change and reveals the poiltical sensitivity of many communities to the impacts of climate change. This can be used to show a critical awareness of local responses to climate change.
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This last video could be used to illustrate local responses to climate change.
The Impacts of Climate Change on West Bengal
With close economic ties to natural resources and climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture, water and forestry, India may face a major threat, and require serious adaptive capacity to combat climate change. Impacts are already being seen in unprecedented heat waves, cyclones, floods, salinisation of the coastline and effects on agriculture, fisheries and health.
India is home to a third of the world’s poor, and climate change will hit this section of society the hardest. Set to be the most populous nation in the world by 2045, the economic, social and ecological price of climate change will be massive.
The future impacts of climate change, identified by the Government of India’s National Communications (NATCOM) in 2004 include.
India is home to a third of the world’s poor, and climate change will hit this section of society the hardest. Set to be the most populous nation in the world by 2045, the economic, social and ecological price of climate change will be massive.
The future impacts of climate change, identified by the Government of India’s National Communications (NATCOM) in 2004 include.
- Decreased snow cover, affecting snow-fed and glacial systems such as the Ganges and Bramhaputra. 70% of the summer flow of the Ganges comes from meltwater
- Erratic monsoon with serious effects on rain-fed agriculture, peninsular rivers, water and power supply
- Drop in wheat production by 4-5 million tones, with even a 1ºC rise in temperature
- Rising sea levels causing displacement along one of the most densely populated coastlines in the world, threatened freshwater sources and mangrove ecosystems
- Increased frequency and intensity of floods. Increased vulnerability of people in coastal, arid and semi-arid zones of the country
- Studies indicate that over 50% of India’s forests are likely to experience shift in forest types, adversely impacting associated biodiversity, regional climate dynamics as well as livelihoods based on forest products.
The following video develop some of these impacts in more depth.
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And to finish on a positive.
The Impacts of Climate Change on the UK and UK Policy
The impacts of climate change are complex and based on projections from models taking into a variety of emmission scenarios. The exact impacts of climate change are unclear within these projections. The following conclusions are clear.
- Projections are complex and based on models
- Projections are based on the probability of certain climate outcomes
- No one single projection is correct for the UK
- There is a clear north south divide
- There are flaws in some of the models
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Temperature.
These projections are very difficult to pin down as they are based on probability. There are are number of clear conclusions on how temperature will change by 2080.
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Precipitation
The projected changes in precipitation are also complex and based a probability for changes in precipitation by 2080. The most likely outcome is a marginal increase in precipitation of 10 percent in south England and Wales with coastal areas of the UK and northern England and Scotland all receiving a fall in precipitation of up to -10 percent. There is a clear difference between winter and summer. The Winter is likely to see net gains in precipitation of around 20 percent but the the summer is likely experience losses of between 20 and 30 percent.
The following extract was taken from the UKCP09 report
The central estimate of changes in annual mean precipitation (Figure 4.10) are within a few percent of zero everywhere. In winter, precipitation increases are in the range +10 to +30% over the majority of the country. Increases are smaller than this in some parts of the country, generally on higher ground, where there can even be slight decreases. In summer, there is a general south to north gradient, from decreases of almost –40% in SW England to almost no change in Shetland.
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Sea Level Rise
Regional divides on sea level rise are significant. South East England being most affected with central projections. There is a clear north south divide with London and Cardiff experiencing sea level rise projected at the central figure of 45 cm compared to 30 cm in Belfast and Edinburgh.
The range of absolute sea level rise around the UK (before land movements are included) and across the three emission scenarios is projected to be between 12 and 76 cm for the period 1990–2095, which is a wider spread than that of the global average.
The vertical movement of the land varies around the UK coastline. Taking this into account gives slightly larger sea level rise projections relative to the land in the more southern parts of the UK where land is subsiding, and lower increases in relative sea level for the north where in places land is uplifting.
The following two case studies provide a detailed insight into the impacts climate change on the regions of Cumbria and East Anglia.
UK Climate Change Policy (National Scale Response)
UK climate policy has two main threads, mitigation and adaptation. Mitigation refers to the reduction of carbon emissions an d in effect targets the UK's contribution to climate change. The key driving policy for mitigation is The Climate Change Act, which established a legally binding target to reduce the UK’s greenhouse gas emissions by at least 80% below base year levels (1990), by 2050. This is to be achieved through action at home and abroad. The Climate Change Act introduced a system of carbon budgets, which provide legally binding limits on the amount of emissions that may be produced in successive five-year periods, beginning in 2008. The first three carbon budgets were set in law in May 2009 and require emissions to be reduced by at least 34% below base year levels by 2020. The following diagram shows the first three carbon budgets.
The following strategy outlines some very sepcific projects aimed atredcuing UK's carbon emissions.
However, if the UK is to cut emissions by 80% by 2050, there will have to be major changes in how they use and generate energy. Energy efficiency will have to increase dramatically across all sectors. The oil and gas used to drive cars, heat buildings and power industry will need to be mostly replaced by electricity, sustainable bioenergy, or hydrogen. Electricity will need to be decarbonised through renewable and nuclear power, and the use of carbon capture and storage (CCS). The electricity grid will need to be larger and smarter at balancing demand and supply. However there are some major uncertainties. These include:
- to what extent can demand be reduced?
- What will be the scarcity or abundance of biomass?
- to what extent will electrification occur across transport and heating?
- to what extent will wind, CCS or nuclear be the cheapest method of generating large-scale low carbon electricity?
- how far can aviation, shipping, industry and agriculture be decarbonised?
- How will all this be paid for during a peiod of economic crisis and osterity measures?
A second key element of UK policy is adaptation. The graph below shows historic and projected temperature rise based on a number of emission scenarios. It shows that our historic contribution of green house gases will lead to increases temperature regardless of mitigation efforts. The projected increases for 2050 will take place. This situation forces policy makers into an adaptive approach. The second diagram shows a how UK's daption wil be spily between building adaptive capacity and delivering adaptive actions.
The following two videos explain the Defra funded organisation, UKCIP who are the central agency in the UK approach to building adaptive capacity.
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The following executive summary outlines in brief the UK's Carbon Plan. This paper outlines the UK policy to tackle carbon emissions. It's several pages long and well worth a read.
The following video explains the UK's Green Deal, which is an energy efficiency action for reducing emissiions from domestic buildings, that currently contribute 14 percent of the UK's total emissions.
Below are four case studies of adaptation methods being deployed by organisations around the UK.
Local Responses to Climate Change
There have been many examples of local responses to climate change already developed in this section of the site. In answering a question specifically about local responses it would be best develop different place examples of the responses. At the local scale there are many examples of how civic society groups are working together in their local community to combat climate change. A good example of an organisation in the UK is Campaign to Protect Rural England. This organisation has worked tirelessly in its research, campaigns and action against the global food industry and the food miles and impacts on rural England. However for the purpose of this section I think it more important to focus on how people at the local scale, and by local scale I mean the village or the even the family responds and adapts to climate change. One of the most vulnerable regions to the impacts of climate change is the drought stricken regions of the Sahel. The following videos from a BBC World series focus on the problem of desertification in Niger and follow the problems and adaptations of a number of villages in different regions of the country, from basic fencing to prevent encroaching sand dunes to a project that has empowered women and brought back degraded land back into farming through simple but back-breaking soil mangement method known as tasas. | http://thebritishgeographer.weebly.com/the-impacts-of-climate-change1.html |
The college spring semester has ended and students in K-12 are getting ready for the school year to come to a close.
What do we do with all of the paper and other items that come home when classes or school ends? Before everyone starts to relax and set into the summer routine, take some time now to handle all of these items.
Here are some tips to follow:
1. Complete any forms that have been sent home for the following school year to avoid the rush at the end of the summer. It should only take a few minutes, but it will feel good to have this task crossed off of your back-to-school to-do list.
2. Record all important dates for the next school year on your calendar now. If the school did not send home a printed copy, it should be listed on its website. With the rush of back to school, you might forget this task and risk missing an important date.
3. What paperwork should be saved? We recommend saving a sampling of schoolwork from the beginning, middle and end of the school year so you can see your child's progression. Include your children in the decision-making process. This could include tests, writing sample and artwork. A good sampling of 20 to25 items is perfect. It's a small enough amount that you and your kids will enjoy looking at them in future years.
Remember if you save everything, then nothing has value. Store the papers you decide to keep in clear boxes or in color-coded file folder and label with your child's name, grade and the school year. Scanning favorite papers and artwork also is a good option. Doing so makes it easy to create a photo book highlighting the school year.
4. Go through school supplies from the current year. Broken crayons and pencils should be tossed, but sometimes binders and colored pencils can be reused the following school year. What other items do you have that are in good shape and still have use? We recommend using binders that are not in good enough shape for the next school year to store coupons or other household documents.
5. Reflect on the current year and make notes on your smartphone or on paper, if you prefer, and write down the things that worked and those that didn't this past school year. Were mornings chaotic? If so, create a plan to streamline your morning activities. Did the after-school routine go well? If so, try to apply some of the strategies you used there to other areas. Best to think about things now while they are fresh in your mind.
If you are a college student, were you always late to your 8 a.m. class? If so, schedule a class later in the morning. A little planning can go a long way and decrease stress. | https://www.timestelegram.com/news/20170617/declutter-coach-tip-for-organizing-end-of-school-year |
Poor shooting and defensive woes doomed the top-seeded Navy women in their Patriot League tournament semifinal at home Monday night against No. 5 seed Holy Cross, as the Midshipmen lost, 75-56.
The Midshipmen (24-7) allowed five Crusaders (20-11) to score in double digits and shot 33.8 percent from the field and 17.9 percent from 3-point range.
Forward Jade Geif's 20 points paced Navy on offense, but her team-high performance wasn't enough. Audrey Bauer had 14 points and Alix Membreno added 10 points, but no other Midshipman recorded more than five points.
Navy entered the second half leading 28-27 but relinquished its slight edge when Holy Cross went on a 16-2 run over a five-minute span to take a 50-38 lead with 11:02 left.
The Midshipmen never trailed by fewer than nine points for the rest of the game, and the Crusaders went on to outscore Navy 48-28 in the second half.
The Midshipmen scored their lowest point total of the tournament and tied their fourth-lowest scoring total of the season, a 56-55 victory at Towson in the first game of the season.
Brisje Malone scored a game-high 23 points for the Crusaders, and Raquel Scott added a doubledouble with 15 points and 10 rebounds.
Holy Cross' Molly Hourigan scored 12 points and had nine rebounds, and Alex Smith and Lisa Mifsud each recorded 11 points.
Coming off a dominant victory over Lehigh in the first round of the conference tournament, in which Navy held the Mountain HAwks to 34.5 percent shooting from the field and 14.3 percent from 3-point range en route to a 84-54 win, the Midshipmen allowed Holy Cross to shoot 50.9 percent from the field.
The Midshipmen ended their season with the loss.
Savannah State 82, Morgan State 71: Guard Tracey Carrington's (Dundalk) game-high 28 points weren't enough for the 12th-seeded Bears in a Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference tournament first-round loss to the No. 5 seed Tigers in Norfolk, Va. Morgan State (5-25) allowed Savannah State (18-13) guards Ezinne Kalu, Bria Dorsey and Jasmine Norman each to score at least 19 points to combine for 61 total points in the loss. The Bears shot 35.6 percent from the field and went 11-for-32 in the second half, in which the Tigers led by as much as 25. Morgan State ended its season with the loss.
UMES 70, Norfolk State 66: The No. 11 seed Hawks (9-20) converted five last-minute free throws to upset the seventh-seeded Spartans (12-16) in a come-from-behind victory in the first round of the MEAC tournament in Norfolk. After trailing by as many as 13 points in the second half, UMES trimmed its deficit to 64-63 with only 1:44 remaining in regulation. Alexis Udoji scored on a layup to give the Hawks a one-point lead with 54 seconds left, and the team then made five of six foul shots to secure the win. TeAmber Brooks scored 15 of her 17 points in the second half to spark the comeback. UMES will face third-seeded Coppin State on Thursday in the tournament quarterfinals.
Men
Norfolk State 78, UMES 74: The 13th-seeded Hawks' second-half comeback fell short against the No. 4 seed Spartans in the first round of the MEAC tournament in Norfolk. UMES entered the second half trailing 43-26 but outscored Norfolk State 48-35 in the period. Troy Snyder made two free throws with one minute, 49 seconds remaining to tie the score at 74-74, but the Spartans scored on four free throws to hand the Hawks the loss. Hakeem Baxter scored a team-high 21 points for UMES (6-24), and Devon Walker and Mark Blackmon added 16 points and 13 points, respectively. Pendarvis Williams recorded a game-high 22 points for Norfolk State (18-13), and Rashid Gaston and Malcom Hawkins added 17 points each. UMES ended its season with the loss. | https://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/bs-sp-local-hoops-roundup-0311-20140311-story.html |
Q:
Prove $g^2 = e$ if there is a subgroup of index 2 that does not contain $g$ for every $g \in G$.
I'm having some trouble with this question from a practice exam.
Let $G$ be finite group. Suppose for every $g \in G$ other than the identity element $e$, there is a subgroup $H \subset G$ of index $2$ that does not contain $g$.
Show that $g^2 = e$ for all $g \in G$.
My attempt:
Suppose $g \in G$. If $g = e$, obviously $g^2 = e$, so we can assume $g \not= e$. Let $H$ be the subgroup such that $|G:H| = 2$ and $g \not\in H$, which exists by assumption. Since left cosets and right cosets partition $G$, we must have $gH = Hg$, so $H$ is normal.
Since $g^2 \not\in gH$. $g^2H$ and $gH$ are two distinct cosets and partition $G$, and $g^2H = H$. Thus, $H = gHg$. Does this imply that $g = g^{-1}$? I don't think it does, but it looks a bit like conjugation, so maybe there's a theorem that I don't know about.
Or should I be following a different approach?
A:
Does this work? I may have solved it myself.
Since such a subgroup exists for every $g \in G$ such that $g \not= e$. Suppose for a contradiction $g^2 \not= e$. Let $K$ be the subgroup such that $[G:K] = 2$ and $g^2 \not\in K$. $g \not\in K$, either because that would imply that $g^2 \in K$. Thus, $K$ and $gK$ partition $G$. $K$ and $g^2K$ also partition $G$. Then, $gK = g^2K \Leftrightarrow g \in K$, which is a contradiction. Therefore, $g^2 = e$ must be true.
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a system, method and program for easily and conveniently performing the automatic preparation and output of a medical treatment/care plan as a means for document recording/evaluation requested by an ISO9001 without spending labor or cost.
SOLUTION: The medical treatment/care quality management system (100) is provided with a storage means (110) stored with a medical treatment/care master table including the names of a plurality of medical treatment/care and the information of each element relevant to each medical treatment/care; an input means (120) for inputting the information of evaluation object medical treatment/care including at least medical treatment/care names; a breakdown data generation means (130) for generating breakdown data including each element relevant to the evaluation object medical treatment/care by using an arithmetic means based on the input information of the object medical treatment/care by referring to the medical treatment/care master table; and a medical treatment/care plan output means (150) for editing the breakdown data, and outputting the breakdown data as a medical treatment/care plan.
COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT | |
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/994,403 filed Mar. 25, 2020, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Oscillating saw blades are well known in the art and used to produce planar cuts, such as the femoral, tibial and patellar cuts utilized when performing total knee arthroplasty. While the use of oscillating saw blades is reliable, predictable and efficient, they do have undesirable side effects. To maximize the intimacy between the bone and implant in a total knee arthroplasty, cutting guides are used to abut the sawblades to produce a flat, planar cut. Existing sawblades are generally planar and guided by complementary planar cutting guides, thereby maximizing the contact surface area between the sawblade and cutting guide. Similarly, the large contact surface between the sawblade and the bone also results in a high friction environment during use. The thickness of the cutting teeth is generally the same as the sawblade body causing the sawblade body to rub against the surrounding bone as it follows the teeth. Additional friction is generated by the particulate bone debris that lodges between the blade and adjacent bone during cutting. Due to the high speed oscillation of the power drive and the resulting friction caused between the sawblade-to-bone and sawblade-to-cutting guide interfaces, excessive heat is generated. Such excessive heat is known to cause necrosis of the surrounding bone cells (i.e., osteonecrosis).
Osteonecrosis can have a substantial effect on the bone-implant interface in a total knee arthroplasty potentially resulting in aseptic loosening of the implant. Bone temperature should be maintained below 47° C. (116.6° F.) during cutting to avoid necrosis of the bone, but the friction caused by various surfaces of the sawblade often causes temperatures to exceed this threshold. One common practice to reduce heat is the use of saline irrigation, but this does not address the fundamental source of heat generation (i.e., friction). Therefore, further improvements are desirable.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention pertains to medical devices for severing/cutting/resecting bones and other anatomical structures (e.g., veins, arteries, soft tissue, bowels, etc.). In particular, the present invention pertains to medical devices that resect bones in preparation for placement of a prosthetic implant.
The present disclosure includes a sawblade with a corrugated body. A wave pattern design on the body of the blade reduces the surface area in contact with both the surrounding bone and cutting guide during cutting. Further, the space created between the peaks and valleys of the wave pattern creates channels that provide an egress pathway for the morselized bone debris to exit the cutting site as the blade is advanced through the bone. The wave pattern also adds to the stiffness of the blade, which is desired for accurate cuts and further allows the overall thickness of the saw blade to be reduced compared to existing planar sawblades. The sawblade includes cutting teeth attached to the corrugated body that are configured to produce flat, planar cuts.
In certain preferred embodiments, the sawblade may comprise a body extending in a longitudinal direction from a proximal end to a distal end between first and second planes extending parallel to the body, the body being corrugated such that the body defines a first set of peaks cresting in a first direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction, the body further defining a second set of peaks cresting in a second direction opposite the first direction, and a cutting element coupled to the distal end of the body wherein the cutting element defines a cutting surface having a rectangular profile configured to produce a planar cut. Each peak in the first set of peaks may be tangent to the first plane. Each peak in the second set of peaks may be tangent to the second plane. The cutting element may include a plurality of cutting teeth extending distally from the body. The cutting teeth may define the rectangular profile of the cutting element. The proximal end of the body may include a flat portion configured to couple to a power saw. The proximal end of the body may define a bore configured to receive a means for detachably coupling to a power saw. The body may be corrugated such that the first and second sets of peaks extend along the body in a lateral direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction. The body and the cutting element may be monolithic. The body and the cutting element may be detachable. The body may define a center axis from which the first and second sets of peaks extend, and the first and second sets of peaks may be approximately equidistant from the center axis. The body may have a width of about 0.4 inches to about 1.0 inch. The body may have a thickness measuring between 0.01 and 0.05 inches. The distance between the first plane and the second plane may measure between 0.04 inches and 0.09 inches. The first set of peaks may include peaks forming a rounded edge. The first set of peaks may include peaks forming an angular edge. The thickness of the body may change as the body extends in a lateral direction wherein the lateral direction is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction. The distance between the first set of peaks and the second set of peaks may change as the body extends in a lateral direction wherein the lateral direction is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction. The sawblade may include straight lateral edges parallel to the longitudinal direction. The sawblade may include lateral edges transverse to the longitudinal direction.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1
is a perspective view of an oscillating bone saw with a corrugated sawblade attachment.
FIG. 2
FIG. 1
is top view of the corrugated sawblade illustrated in .
FIG. 3A
FIG. 2
is a proximal-facing view of the cross-section of the corrugated sawblade in identified by line A-A.
FIG. 3B
FIG. 2
is a distal-facing view of the cross-section of the corrugated sawblade of identified by line B-B.
FIG. 4
FIG. 2
is a front view showing the distal end of the corrugated sawblade of .
FIG. 5
is a schematic perspective view of a sawblade abutting the surface of a cutting guide.
FIG. 6
is a schematic side view of a sawblade disposed within an internal slot of a cutting guide.
FIG. 7
is a schematic side view of a sawblade cutting through a bone while abutting a cutting guide.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present disclosure will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all aspects of the disclosure are shown. Indeed, the disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the aspects set forth herein. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.
As used herein, the term “proximal,” when used in connection with a device or components of a device, refers to the end of the device closer to the user of the device when the device is being used as intended. On the other hand, the term “distal,” when used in connection with a device or components of a device, refers to the end of the device farther away from the user when the device is being used as intended. As used herein, the terms “substantially,” “generally,” “approximately,” and “about” are intended to mean that slight deviations from absolute are included within the scope of the term so modified.
FIG. 1
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is a perspective view of an oscillating bone saw . The illustrated bone saw is a handheld motorized saw wherein a sawblade is configured to oscillate in an orbital or side-to-side motion within a plane upon compression of a trigger. It is also contemplated that sawblade can be coupled to a saw of any size, powered electrically or manually. The present disclosure relates to an improved sawblade design which will be described below in further detail.
FIGS. 2-4
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depict the sawblade attached to the bone saw in . The sawblade extends from a proximal end to a distal end and between a first lateral edge and a second lateral edge . In the illustrated embodiment, sawblade has a corrugated body . Whereas a standard flat sawblade includes an entirely flat surface on its top and bottom surfaces, sawblade comprises a wavy pattern having a top surface and a bottom surface that undulate as sawblade extends from first lateral edge to second lateral edge , as discussed further below. Proximal end of sawblade is configured to couple to a motorized device to generate a rapid oscillating motion in the lateral direction. Proximal end of sawblade may include a flat surface configured to fit within a clamp for coupling to bone saw . Proximal end of sawblade may include a bore or a fastening means for coupling to bone saw . Alternatively, proximal end may couple to a handle to be held directly by a user for manual oscillation. At the distal end of corrugated body , sawblade transitions into a flat row of teeth , which will be discussed below in further detail. In the illustrated embodiment, the first lateral edge and the second lateral edge are substantially straight. It is further contemplated that sawblade may form any shape, wherein the first and second lateral edges , include any angles or degrees of curvature.
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As illustrated in , top and bottom surfaces , undulate in sync with each other about a center axis C-C to form corrugated body , similar to a pair of sine waves. The undulation creates top surface peaks and bottom surface peaks along the width of sawblade , wherein the width, illustrated by “W” in , is defined as the distance between the first lateral edge and the second lateral edge . The top surface peaks and bottom surface peaks each extend a height, wherein the height is shown by “H” in and defined as the distance a peak , extends from center axis C-C. In the illustrated embodiment, the height of each peak , is consistent throughout the width of corrugated body and the distance between all adjacent peaks , is consistent. In this regard, the top surface peaks are tangent to a first theoretical plane and the bottom surface peaks are tangent to a second theoretical plane. The first and second theoretical planes are parallel to each other. It is contemplated that sawblade may be constructed at any length and width combination with any number of peaks , , wherein the length is defined as the distance sawblade extends from proximal end to distal end . In , the heights of peaks , are equivalent, resulting in an equal number of top surface peaks and bottom surface peaks . Heights and quantities of peaks , may vary at the same proportion as illustrated or at different proportions. It is further contemplated that any variation in shape may be imposed on sawblade . For example, consecutive peaks , may alternate heights wherein every other top surface peak extends an equal height or every third top surface peak extends an equal height, etc., or every peak , may extend a different height from other peaks , , or the height of each peak , may gradually increase or decrease across the width of sawblade . It is also contemplated that corrugated body may undulate in a direction orthogonal to the direction illustrated in , such that top surface peaks and bottom surface peaks extend from first lateral edge to second lateral edge rather than proximal end to the distal end of corrugated body .
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The undulating nature of corrugated body creates valleys between adjacent peaks , , which operate as bone debris egress channels . Egress channels create space for bone debris to translate proximally along sawblade to evacuate the interior of a bone as teeth cut through bone and sawblade advances distally. Evacuation of bone debris from cutting site further reduces heat generated from friction, as described below in further detail.
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FIG. 3B
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Distal end of corrugated body includes a transition zone wherein sawblade includes cutting element . further shows cutting element which comprises a plurality of cutting teeth . Teeth are not corrugated, but configured in a straight alignment to create a flat, planar cut through a bone. Teeth collectively form cutting element having a rectangular profile as illustrated in . The transition zone can be manufactured by any appropriate means known in the art, such as, e.g., standard milling processes or form stamping as is common in the sheet metal industry. Corrugated body and teeth may be manufactured monolithically or as separate attachable and detachable pieces.
FIGS. 5-7
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As discussed with regard to , the illustrated design, and any alternate embodiments thereof, reduces the amount of heat generated through friction during the cutting process and increases the stiffness of sawblade as compared to conventional saw blades. Frictional forces are reduced because sawblade has a smaller surface area contacting surrounding surfaces relative to a sawblade with a flat body. As shown in , cutting guides are often used to improve the stability of sawblade while cutting to produce a flat, planar cut. As such, cutting guide may be anchored into or adjacent a bone using a fastening means secured into anchor holes . With cutting guide secured and sawblade oscillating back and forth in a lateral direction (e.g., orthogonal to the proximal-distal direction of sawblade ), friction is present between sawblade and cutting guide along a contact area . When a conventional flat sawblade is used, friction exists at every point of contact area . However, when corrugated sawblade is used, friction no longer exists at every point of contact area . Friction is present only along the segments of sawblade where bottom surface peaks contact cutting guide . Thus, relative to a standard flat sawblade, friction in the present embodiment is proportionally reduced by the remainder of the bottom surface which does not contact cutting guide . In other words, the surface area of a flat sawblade contacting cutting guide within contact area would equal the product of length and width of contact area . Meanwhile, sawblade only contacts cutting guide along each bottom surface peak , which may be reduced to line-contact rather than area-contact thereby substantially reducing the contact between sawblade and cutting guide . Reduction in contact between sawblade and cutting guide significantly reduces frictional forces and thereby reduces the amount of heat generated by friction. In this regard, the heat produced by such friction is controlled to be less than what is typical to produce necrosis of bone tissue (i.e., below 47 degrees Celsius).
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illustrates a side view of sawblade used with a slotted cutting guide in which substantially the same principles apply as described above. Slotted cutting guide may be used for additional stability when sawblade is laterally oscillated to ensure a flat, planar cut in the bone. Slotted cutting guide includes a slot in which sawblade extends therethrough, wherein slotted cutting guide abuts sawblade along top surface and bottom surface of sawblade . Slotted cutting guide includes space for sawblade to move laterally (e.g., orthogonal to the proximal-distal direction) in both directions. Slotted cutting guide and sawblade form top contact surface and bottom contact surface , which comprise the surface area of slotted cutting guide in contact with sawblade . Thus, as sawblade oscillates, friction exists along both top contact surface and bottom contact surface . Substantially the same principles as described above in reference to cutting guide in apply to slotted cutting guide in . Whereas a flat sawblade would contact slotted cutting guide across the entirety of top contact surface and bottom contact surface , corrugated sawblade only contacts slotted cutting guide where top surface peaks contact slotted cutting guide along top contact surface and where bottom surface peaks contact slotted cutting guide along bottom contact surface . By significantly reducing the surface area in which sawblade contacts slotted cutting guide , friction is significantly reduced and substantially less heat is produced during oscillation of sawblade .
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illustrates a side view of sawblade and cutting guide in use to cut a bone . Bone can include any bone, such as a femur or tibia for, e.g., a total knee arthroplasty. Teeth are coupled to distal end of sawblade to engage bone while sawblade is oscillated. Cutting guide is anchored to or adjacent bone to stabilize sawblade and ensure a flat, planar cut. Bottom surface abuts cutting guide for guidance. Proximal end of sawblade attaches to a motorized device to be oscillated linearly in a lateral direction. As described above with respect to , oscillation of sawblade along cutting guide creates friction, but friction is reduced and less heat is generated due to the corrugated design of sawblade . Teeth along distal end cut into bone and sawblade continues to oscillate as sawblade advances distally into bone . As sawblade advances distally, top surface and bottom surface begin to contact surrounding bone , which creates top contact surface and bottom contact surface . Substantially similar to the principles described with respect to slotted cutting guide in , frictional forces at top contact surface and bottom contact surface generate heat. With a standard flat sawblade typically used in the art, the flat sawblade body would have width and thickness dimensions equal to the teeth, thus the entire surface area of the body rubs against bone , generating a substantial amount of heat. Further, the particulate bone debris fills any pockets and further clogs any remaining space between a flat sawblade and bone , increasing the normal force applied to the flat sawblade, thereby increasing frictional forces and generating more heat. Excessive heat leads to necrosis of the surrounding bone cells. The corrugated design of sawblade reduces all of the aforementioned sources of friction and therefore generates less heat than a flat sawblade. Similar to the slotted cutting guide , only top surface peaks of sawblade contact bone at top contact surface , and only bottom surface peaks of sawblade contact bone at bottom contact surface . Further, bone chip egress channels as described in create pathways for bone debris to translate proximally along sawblade and evacuate the interior of bone . Clearance of bone debris eliminates the source of additional friction and heat generated by a standard flat sawblade.
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The distance between top surface peaks and bottom surface peaks is illustrated by “Y” in . The heights of top and bottom surface peaks , are preferably H=Y/2, meaning that the height of top surface peak is equal to the height of bottom surface peak . In one example, Y may be 0.050 inches such that the top and bottom surface peaks , have an H=0.025 inches. The corrugation allows the thickness of the material itself to be small because the corrugations provide rigidity and strength to sawblade . Such thickness, shown in by “T” may be 0.020 inches, for example. The preferred width (W) of sawblade is approximately 0.512 inches. However, it is contemplated that any size and any dimensions in accordance with the above-detailed principles are appropriate for sawblade .
Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. | |
The other night, a little bored and a little sleepy, I was switching channels randomly when a classical music concert on a Telugu channel called Sapthagiri came on screen. Suddenly, something made me sit up and stare hard: the lead musician on stage was a lady, playing flute!!!
Now, why should a woman flute player make me sit up? I will answer that with a question: when did you ever see a woman flute player in India, playing in a public concert?
I have attended dozens of concerts in many classical music festivals across India and never remember seeing a single woman either playing solo or even accompanying a maestro.
This is why an exception was such a beautiful shocker. (I was quick to find out the name of the flute player: Jayaprada Ramamurthy, a trained flute player from Hyderabad who now dreams to perform across the world).
However, it is not the first shocker of such kind. A few years ago, I went to visit the Ashtalaxmi temple near Elliott’s beach in Chennai. There, sitting in a corner, almost hidden behind some pillars was a woman playing the Nadashwaram- a southern version of the Shehnai. Unfortunately, it was a busy day at the temple and I couldn’t dare disturb the lady with questions, but I have promised myself a tete-a-tete with the lady the day I ever visit Chennai again.
Recently, however, I have been able to keep another similar promise with another trend setter musician: Shobha Srivastav of Allahabad, a tabla player par excellence.
The first time I came to about her was in 2010 when I directed a community based reporter in Allahabad to do a story on Kajri- a local folk music. Even in the shaky, short video I found something special: clip of a woman playing tabla. I learnt that she was a teacher in a local music school.
Recently, I was able to meet her and watch her perform too. Her story is quite touching: As a child she developed deep fascination for tabla and dreamed of becoming a table maestro and perform at concerts. In time she got married, rose high in her career as a music teacher, taught hundreds of students, but never got the chance to perform in public concerts.
This is not an isolated story. Whether its tabla or nadashwaram or flute, most musical instruments in India have stayed as purely men’s domains. Surprisingly, Veena -another Indian string instrument -is seen largely as something only women should play.
It makes me wonder, why and how were these interpretations made? Is Veena a woman’s instrument because Saraswati – the Hindu goddess of knowledge plays Veena? And, is flute a manly instrument, because Krishna the Hindu God plays a flute?
I will keep looking for an answer. But alongside, I have resolved to sharpen my search for more trend setters like Shobha and Jayaprada. | https://www.stellapaul.com/2011/09/finding-musicwomen.html |
This page includes readings for the course. These will often include chapters from the textbook. Keep in mind that we will not follow the textbook too closely. As a result, some things from class may not appear in the book and vice-versa. In addition, there will typically be supplemental workshops or assigned readings for each topic.
Introduction: Scarcity and Tradeoffs: Chapters 1 and 2 of the textbook provide a related treatment of this material. Supplemental worksheet on trade-offs.
Minimum Wage: Last year, the Congressional Budget Office (a non-partisan agency that performs economic analysis of proposed policies) examined the effects of a $15/hr Federal minimum wage. Here is an article on what they found. The CBO also has an interactive tool that allows you to estimate how different proposals affect jobs and wages.
Last year, three economists won the Nobel Prize, partly for their work on the minimum wage. Many of their findings suggest that higher minimum wages have surprisingly small effects on employment. Here is one short article on their work. In contrast, other economists have found that when Seattle boosted its minimum wage, it did result in significant job losses.
Supply and Demand: Chapter 3 of the textbook. We also used this worksheet.
September FOMC meeting: : a basic explanation of what the Fed is and why its decisions matter. An article on the details of September’s decision
Elasticities and Costs: Chapters 5 and 7 of the textbook cover this material.
Crime: This piece from Vox presents sixteen theories for why U.S.violent crime rates fell until the start of the pandemic (they have since risen). It also presents the evidence for and against each of these theories, much of it done by economists. Examples include the hypothesis that the legalization of abortion contributed to lower crime and theories that lower crime is due to more popular video games or unleaded gasoline.
Market Failures: Chapters 12-13 of the textbook cover this material. We also used this supplemental worksheet.
Unions: Here is some basic data on labor unions in the U.S and an article discussing the decline in unionization in the U.S. We also discussed two articles quantifying their impacts, an older one from Douglas Clement and a newer one by Chris Doucouliagos.
Market Structure: Chapters 11-12 of the textbook cover this material.
Macroeconomic Concepts: Chapter 19 of the textbook covers this material.
Financial Crises:
Labor Markets: Chapter 21 of the textbook covers this material. We also used this worksheet.
Social Security and Medicare: | http://paulshea.com/courses/econ-150-applied-principles-of-economics/eco-150-readings |
The aim of present experiment was to evaluate the influence of cultivar to quality parameters of dried potato chips and sticks produced in microwave-vacuum drier. The potatoes before drying were blanched in oil and water at 180ºC and at 85ºC respectively. The moisture content, crispiness, the colour (CIE L*a*b*), the content of ascorbic acid, total carotenoids and total fat content of dried potato chips and sticks was determined The highest ascorbic acid content, high content of carotenoids, low total fat content, low acrylamide content and good crispiness (low breaking force) especially for sticks was determined in the samples of Gundega cultivar.
Potato, chips, sticks, vacuum-microwave, drying, cultivar, blanching.
Potato is one of the main components of warm meals in Latvia. Consumption of fried potatoes in Latvia is the highest comparing to Nordic and other Baltic countries. Therefore acrylamide (AA) intake coming from fried potatoes in population might be high as well. The aim of the research was to determine AA content in traditionally cooked potatoes bred and cultivated in Latvia. Five common Latvian potato varieties were selected: Lenora, Brasla, Imanta, Zile and Madara. A two-year research was conducted during two periods: just after harvesting and after six months of storage. The following cooking methods were used: shallow frying (150 ± 5 °C); deep-fat frying (180 ± 5 °C) and roasting (210 ± 5 °C). Time and temperature was recorded during frying. AA was extracted from potatoes by solid phase extraction and AA content was determined by LC-MS/MS. AA content significantly differs (p<0.05) in potatoes per variety, per each frying method and per time.
potato, frying, roasting, variety, acrylamide, Latvia.
From food consumption surveys has been found that potato consumption comparing to other European countries is one of the highest. Hence acrylamide (AA) intake coming from fried potatoes in population might be high as well. The aim of the research was to determine acrylamide content and estimate intake of acrylamide from roasted potatoes bred and cultivated in Latvia. Five common Latvian potato varieties were selected: Lenora, Brasla, Imanta, Zile, and Madara. A two-year research was conducted during two periods: just after harvesting and after six months of storage. Time and temperature (210 ± 5°C) was recorded during frying. AA was extracted from potatoes by solid phase extraction and AA content was determined by LC-MS/MS. estimated intake of acrylamide ranges from 0.012 to 0.496μgkg-1 BW per day.
potato, roasting, variety, acrylamide, Latvia, risk assessment. | http://waset.org/author/irisa-murniece |
MOSCOW, February 2. /TASS/. The International Olympic Committee’s possible decision to appeal the annulment of its sanctions against Russian athletes at the Swiss Federal Tribunal will discredit the Olympic Charter, the first deputy vice president of the Russian Olympic Committee (ROC) Stanislav Pozdnyakov told reporters on Thursday.
The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) on Thursday ruled to uphold the appeals of 28 Russian athletes whom the International Olympic Committee (IOC) earlier banned for life from participating in the Olympic Games over accusations of breaching anti-doping rules at the 2014 Olympics in Sochi.
"An IOC statement commenting on the CAS decision, among other things, says that the IOC reserves the right to refer the case to the Swiss Federal Tribunal. However, article 61 of the Olympic Charter says that any dispute related to the Olympic Games is to be settled by the Court of Arbitration for Sports," Pozdnyakov said.
"The IOC has given the CAS the final say in all matters related to the Games. The IOC, in first place, must respect and follow the CAS decisions. Otherwise, by appealing the CAS decisions in Switzerland, the IOC will express its lack of confidence to the CAS and cast discredit on the above-mentioned provisions of the Olympic Charter and IOC anti-doping rules," the Russian official added.
The Russian athletes came under the IOC’s ban following a probe by the IOC commission under Denis Oswald, which retested the doping samples from the 2014 Olympics in Sochi.
The sanctions against them were annulled and their individual results achieved in Sochi 2014 were reinstated. Earlier reports said that in case of the CAS favorable decision these athletes might participate in the 2018 Winter Olympics in South Korea’s PyeongChang on February 9-25.
The Court of Arbitration for Sport’s verdict does not mean that the 28 acquitted Russian athletes will be automatically granted access to the 2018 Winter Olympics, the International Olympic Committee said in a statement on Thursday.
"This may have a serious impact on the future fight against doping. Therefore, the IOC will analyze the reasoned decisions very carefully once they are available and consider consequences, including an appeal to the Swiss Federal Tribunal. With regard to the participation of athletes from Russia at the Olympic Winter Games PyeongChang 2018, the decision of the IOC Executive Board (EB) of 5 December 2017 remains in place. It makes it clear that, since the Russian Olympic Committee (ROC) is suspended, Russian athletes can participate in PyeongChang only on invitation by the IOC," the statement runs. "The result of the CAS decision does not mean that athletes from the group of 28 will be invited to the Games. Not being sanctioned does not automatically confer the privilege of an invitation.". | https://tass.com/sport/988195 |
Specialist Committee on CFD/EFD Combined methods
CFD offers new possibilities to improve the EFD based predictions, for example with new treatment of scale effects. On the other hand, we can still not in general rely purely on CFD for ship hydrodynamic predictions for commercial or legal purposes. By using the best combination of CFD and EFD, rather than viewing them as competing methods, we can deliver even better prediction. New methods based on EFD/CFD combinations need to have the same confidence level as the existing Recommended Procedures give to the end client today.
The purpose of the committee is to initiate and support the process of introducing combined CFD/EFD methods in ITTC’s procedures, with a focus on the confidence level.
What do we mean by CFD/EFD Combined methods?
There are different scales of combination from mainly EFD to mainly CFD:
- Improve the EFD scaling laws using CFD.
- Use CFD to design experiments.
- Use CFD to understand and quantify scale effects.
- Mixed methods – some components in the prediction chain with CFD.
- Validate CFD solution at model scale for the actual case, then perform full scale CFD.
- Use EFD to validate and improve CFD models in general
Inspiration to researchers
To facilitate the introduction of CFD/EFD Combined method in our community, the Committee has identified several research areas which need to be addressed. In this way, we wish to inspire researchers around the world to contribute to the development.
If you are currently studying related topics, or plan to do so, we would very much appreciate if you could inform us about it. Please contact Sofia Werner.
Suggested research
- Form factor determination with CFD. A benchmark-study is ongoing and we encourage researchers and students to participate. Please contact Sofia Werner for more information.
- Accuracy of CFD is still hindered by errors due to mesh quality and modeling error of the turbulence model. Assist in improving the accuracy especially in full scale Reynolds number by
- Good experimental program for smooth body separation at high Reynolds numbers (higher than model scale).
- Full scale field measurements
- Use database of model scale EFD/CFD, full scale CFD, and sea trials to develop more accurate correlation allowance for extrapolation. The world-wide community collectively has an extensive database that could be studied to derive a better correlation allowance.
- Ability of CFD to predict wind resistance corrections for full scale speed trial corrections. A benchmark-study is ongoing and we encourage researchers and students to participate.
- Shallow water correction based on CFD simulations.
- Scale effects and ability of different CFD methods to predict effect of ESD and local inflow to propeller.
- Skin friction reduction methods with CFD.
- Ability of CFD to predict added resistance in waves and fw.
- Importance of scale effects on wake and rudder force for sea keeping and maneuvering tests.
- Using CFD to plan model test campaign for example selecting most important cases in a sea keeping program.
- Numerical models for ice loads.
- Scale effects and the ability of CFD methods to predict local propeller induced noise.
- Use EFD to tune CFD methods for roll damping, investigate scale effects for roll damping fins.
- Scale effects on appendage drag for calm water speed power predictions.
- Investigate scale effects on maneuvering performance, eg. propeller hull interactions. Design model scale propeller that creates correct propeller loads at model scale?
- Modelling of environmental conditions, could CFD help understand physics involved in interactions when generating model scale waves, wind and current? | https://www.sspa.se/co-operation-platforms/specialist-committee-cfdefd-combined-methods |
Being able to speak more than one language is really useful and important today. In the global communication society, having a good set of language skills means having more chances to get hired or advance in your profession. Moreover, studying new languages trains the brain, thus always keeping it in good shape. Plus, knowing foreign languages offers the opportunity to get to know different and very interesting cultures.
However, each language is more or less difficult. Namely, some languages are less articulated and simpler and others have linguistic systems very different from ours, thus requiring a greater effort to be learned.
The most widely spoken languages in the world are obviously the most prestigious ones because they offer more chances to be applied and those who can speak them have a considerable advantage.
Interested in finding out which are the most difficult languages in the world?
Here’s a list of the 15 most difficult languages, ranging from the simplest to the most complex, so let’s take a look and find the one that works best for you!
15. Romanian
Difficulty level: 3/10
Number of native speakers: 24 million
Number of speakers in the world: 27 million
What makes it difficult: It has 7 vowels, several semi-consonants, and 31 letters. The neuter is added to the masculine and feminine genders and the definite article is placed after the term to which it refers. It has numerous rules and exceptions for composing genders and numbers.
It’s spoken in Romania and Moldova, where it’s the official language, but also in different parts of Serbia, Bulgaria, Russia, Ukraine, and Hungary. It has become the standard language on a total of 4 varieties; the rest continue to live in more informal contexts and with minority groups. To this, we must also add several dialects. A real mosaic of languages!
14. Indonesian
Difficulty level: 3/10
Number of native speakers: 17-30 million
Number of speakers in the world: 165 million
What makes it difficult: Features multiple diphthongs and a double ‘e’ vowel system. Verbs and nouns have no real inflection. With suffixes and prefixes, the semantic value of verbs changes.
It is a standardized language that originates from Malay. It’s spoken in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, and East Timor. It’s a very modern language: it became an official language in 1945, it is constantly evolving, and it’s very open to borrowing from other languages.
13. Swedish
Difficulty level: 4/10
Number of native speakers: 9 million
Number of speakers in the world: just over 9 million
What makes it difficult: It doesn’t provide a feminine-masculine distinction but accumulates both genders in a single ‘common gender’. However, it uses the neuter gender. The plural is defined in multiple ways and articles are inserted in nouns as suffixes. On the other hand, it doesn’t decline the verb, which means it always remains the same.
This language, despite having very ancient Indo-European origins, was declared the official language of Sweden and Finland only in 2009. In fact, standard Swedish was standardized by the institutions so much so that it is commonly referred to as ‘nusvenska’, which means ‘Swedish of now’. It has an extraordinary variety of dialects, which mainly characterize the coasts.
12. Dutch
Difficulty level: 4/10
Number of native speakers: 22 million
Number of speakers in the world: 23 million
What makes it difficult: The vowel system provides closed or open syllables that are to be recognized for the correct spelling. Verbs are divided into “strong”, “weak”, and “irregular”. It has a much more articulated grammar than Italian.
Dutch also has a long history as a dominant language with effects on speakers that are noticeable today. It’s the native language of Belgium and the Netherlands, but we also find significant minorities in the French Fiadras, on the northern border of Germany, and as far as Indonesia, which, as a former colony of Holland, still uses this language at an institutional level. Interesting is the close relationship with Afrikaans, a language spoken by as many as 16 million people in Namibia and South Africa, which was born as a branch of Dutch.
11. Norwegian
Difficulty level: 5/10
Number of native speakers: 5 million
Number of speakers in the world: comparable to native speakers
What makes it difficult: Because of the freedom of choice of dialects; there are several dialects used in parallel, even in official contexts.
Interestingly, Norwegian institutions have established the parallel use of two recognized written forms, Bokmål and Nynorsk. The first derives from the Danish language, spoken for many centuries during the union with Denmark and used by the majority of the population. On the other hand, the second dialect is an “artificial” language created ad hoc to indicate Norwegian as an autonomous language. To testify this neutrality and the equal treatment of the two forms, it has been decided by the major institutions to transcribe documents and records in both dialects, especially in the largest and most politically important cities, such as Oslo. Equally significant is the freedom that we find among speakers to be able to choose which language to use. The various dialects, together with the official language, are used to communicate even in more formal and rigorous contexts.
10. Hungarian
Difficulty level: 6/10
Number of native speakers: 13.6 million
Number of speakers in the world: just under 14 million
What makes it difficult: To distinguish long and short vowels in pronunciation. It has a different consonant system.
Contrary to what one might think, Hungarian boasts a substantial number of speakers. It is also the most widely spoken non-Indo-European language in Europe. Its speakers extend over the entire Danube area, also reaching the United States, Israel, and even Australia. Did you expect it? This is a result of the historical and secular domination by the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
9. Polish
Difficulty level: 6/10
Number of native speakers: 44 million
Number of speakers in the world: 46 million
What makes it difficult: There are 8 vowels, including two nasals! It also has 35 consonants. There are no articles (not always an advantage) and only the neuter gender is used. Therefore, you will have to put a lot of effort into learning this language.
The Polish language is also well-placed in terms of the number of speakers. A lot of people in Poland, Belarus, the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Ukraine speak this language.
8. Bengali
Difficulty level 7/10
Number of native speakers: 193 million
Number of speakers in the world: 250 million
What makes it difficult: Graphemes are very distant from the ones we are used to, which are based on the syllabic alphabet. To reduce the distances, a special transliteration scheme is used. Bengali has 29 consonants and 14 vowels! The writing is based on a very old variety of the language, which is why it doesn’t take into account some sound mergers that exist in the spoken language.
It is the easternmost of the Indo-European languages and descends from Sanskrit. It is used as an official language in Bangladesh and India, but significant communities are found in the United Kingdom, United States, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Australia, and the United Arab Emirates. With a substantial literary corpus written in the last two centuries, it represents a bulwark of Bengali autonomy conquered in the 20th century.
7. Russian
Difficulty level: 7/10
Number of native speakers: 167 million
Number of speakers in the world: 254 million
What makes it difficult: First of all, the Cyrillic alphabet system, which is different from the Latin one used by most common languages, complicates things. The grammar includes 6 cases and 3 genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. It is a language very articulated in rules and exceptions.
Russian is another of the most widely spoken and most influential languages in the world. In addition to being the native language of the Russian Federation, it is also regularly used in Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus, as well as the former Soviet republics. Relevant minorities are also found in the United States and Israel.
6. Greek
Difficulty level: 8/10
Number of native speakers: 13.5 million
Number of speakers in the world: 15 million
What makes it difficult: The different alphabet, which is derived from the Phoenician one, is the first obstacle. A system of this kind is not exactly linear. It includes a dense system of articles and, even here, the declination of nouns in 4 cases is made by using various endings. As an encouragement, we know that it has significantly simplified compared to the ancient version.
The Greek. An undisputed veteran. It’s the oldest language still in use, second in age after the Hittite language which disappeared with the ruin of its empire. It is useless to recall the millennial history of the Hellenic language and it seems incredible that, although it has changed considerably over time, it’s still in great condition. Actually, despite everything, the original characteristic that distinguished the language in numerous dialectal varieties remains. This language is used throughout Greece, Cyprus, Bulgaria, Albania, Romania, but also in the USA, Europe, and Russia. In Australia, in 2006, it was declared the 3rd most spoken language after English and Italian. There are also speakers in some areas of ancient Magna Graecia, such as in Salento and in the province of Reggio Calabria, where ” Griko ” is spoken. With all of that, the Greek still retains its ancient prestige.
5. Icelandic
Difficulty level: 8/10
Number of native speakers: 320.000
Number of speakers in the world: comparable to native speakers
What makes it difficult: The conservative character of this language makes many elements of grammar and lexicon complex and irregular, which goes back to the archaic structures of ancient Germanic languages.
Icelandic is a fascinating language that witnesses the isolation of its speakers imposed by nature. The lack of exposure to external factors, a source of innovation, has led this language to keep its forms almost intact for almost a thousand years! It’s so ancient that today’s Icelander can read and understand a text written in the 13th century. But this is not just a geographic issue as Icelandic retains its appearance even under the Danish domination, which lasted from 1380 to 1918! It was a resistance! This language has its speakers in Iceland but there are also numerous immigrants who actively speak Icelandic in the United States, Canada, Denmark, and Norway.
4. Korean
Difficulty level: 9/10
Number of native speakers: 77 million
Number of speakers in the world: 82 million
What makes it difficult: There are numerous variations and very strict morphological rules. The verbs system is based on suffixes, prefixes, and infixes of various kinds. Furthermore, this language is also based on the so-called honorific system, which varies according to the “degrees of courtesy” – a very complex method, especially because it is far from our way of articulating the language.
It’s another language with numerous speakers. The origin of the Korean language remains a controversial topic. Some linguists consider it an isolated language whereas others trace a certain familiarity with Japanese. The thesis that the language belongs to the Altaic group is also likely. It is a very ancient and stratified language, which has undergone numerous influences from the close and very influential – Chinese. This language is officially spoken in North and South Korea and at least 18 other countries by minorities.
3. Arabic
Difficulty level: 9/10
Number of native speakers: 237 million
Number of speakers in the world: 600 million
What makes it difficult: The alphabetical system is, as is well known, completely different from that of most common languages. It is written from right to left and the pronunciation takes a lot of practice. There are 28 consonants (plus a typical grapheme). If you thought vowels will help you, you are wrong: they are used according to different rules.
Arabic, today, is the official language of the 21 countries that make up the Arab League. The origin of the alphabet goes back to ancient Aramaic, which had a lot of luck in the archaic and pre-Christian age, thanks to its flourishing literature. The prestige of this language, however, is not stopped even by the encounter with Christian culture. In fact, Christian inscriptions from 512 AD written in three languages – Greek, Syriac, and Arabic have been found in modern Aleppo. A sign of a continuous cultural exchange which, perhaps, has helped in the preservation of the language. However, the impressive number of speakers is the determining factor.
2. Japanese
Difficulty level: 9/10
Number of native speakers: 122 million
Number of speakers in the world: 123 million
What makes it difficult: The fact that 10,000 characters make up the alphabet and that there is a coexistence of various elements: syllabic system, Latin alphabet, and ideograms. The pronunciation of sounds is fundamental in the correct use of the language, which determines the meaning, and there are as many as 50.
A very old Japanese language. It is thought that it dates back to the 2nd century BC. It is the official language of the Japanese archipelago and the Island of Angaur. It’s also spoken, but only partially, by second-generation Japanese immigrants in Brazil, Peru, Hawaii, and California. Considering the small geographical area in which it is used, it can boast an impressive number of speakers, thus expressing the strength and influence of Japanese culture in the world.
1. Chinese
Difficulty level: 10/10
Number of native speakers: 848 million
Number of speakers in the world: 1,213 billion
What makes it difficult: The Chinese alphabet is made up of 47,035 ideograms or characters: signs that identify an image. It is also a tonal language, so the main difficulty concerns the ability to manage the tones of each ideogram: each degree of tone corresponds to a different meaning. There are 4 tones, which are very similar and easily interchangeable.
At the top of our ranking, we inevitably find the Chinese giant. It is a language of the Sino-Tibetan family, originating from the 3rd century BC. Its immense history is reflected in the existence of hundreds of dialects, the use of which is still very much alive, especially in some rural areas of the immense mainland China. Chinese is also mostly used in Southeast Asia. There are numerous linguistic minorities present in Western Asia, the Americas, Africa, Europe, and the Pacific. During the 20th century, the People’s Republic of China worked to standardize the language, thus making it more shareable and accessible. Therefore, it was decided that, in the typical dialect chaos, the official pronunciation had to be that of Beijing, from the mandarin linguistic family.
Those who want to learn Chinese are faced with a great challenge, but all the sacrifices will be compensated because when they learn the language at a good level, they will have mastered what is presumed to be the language of the future! | https://thebitetour.com/the-most-difficult-languages-in-the-world/ |
How to write a rhetorical analysis
In a rhetorical analysis of the essay, you will have to write about the record. You think it’s complicated, but our article is ready to help.
If you want to write a rhetorical analysis of the essay, you will analyze the performances of politicians, artists or other influential persons. You can
How to write “Rhetorical Analysis” essay: in preparation
If you want to succeed with your rhetorical analysis in the exam, you need effective training. The AP examination always has strict time limits. That is why good training can be highly appreciated. Don’t spend your time reading; take notes, because you don’t have much time to read. It is important to allocate time for analysis before recording. If you have made comments from the beginning, it will greatly improve the presence of the analysis. Try to keep in mind such questions as:
Leave all these questions in your mind and give them answers. All of the author’s strategies and convincing phrases will be fully consistent
If you do not understand where you can get a different rhetorical analysis, for example, you can find support
SOAPSTone: What is to be done in the Rhetorical Analysis example, for example, Essay?
Define your SOAPSTone. This reduction includes six critical elements:
The strategies you implement are usually defined as the tone of your information. The following is a summary of the tone types:
Explaining Ethos, Logos and Pathos on the Riical Analysis Essay Essay
Patos, logos, and methods (a.k.a.
In each examination in English, the text may contain at least one convincing method. You will have to calculate it and analyze it
10 The most effective rhetorical analysis of Esme’ s “All Times”
Do you need a great theme before you start working with your rhetorical analysis exercise?
Some of these examples, based on rhetorical analysis, can generate specific exact dictionaries to convey meaning
Rhetorical analysis-sketch
After you finish reading and analysis, the time has come
You’ll spend most of your time writing body parts.
Most of the work is the body of any essay. It contains all important operators and arguments. That is why the paragraphs of the body have to answer a lot of questions. In this part of your written appointment, review and explain how the author maintains his statement and what policies and devices he uses
In addition, you can take note of the tone of the sentence, and do not forget the terms of the sentence
The main analysis tips
Do not overload your rhetorical essay with unnecessary information. The water point and conclusion should be the shortest. The best size is about 500 to 750 words (if the teacher did not mention the number of words in the requirements)
Use the full range of your vocabulary. It’s a good way to get more grades from your professor. He will show you how a well-qualified student who can write differently and can satisfy all the requirements
This statement should not be considered to be boring. This may seem too obvious, but no one, including a course professor, likes to read text with grammar and punctuation errors. Check the text for problems with the offering structure. Alternative long and short sentences with a smart balance. Try to avoid all kinds of abbreviations
It would be better to use the current time in your ritorik essay. This is an unspoken rule for academic purposes. Just make sure you build your arguments in the present tense, and you will avoid any certificates. It also prompts the reader to believe that everything is happening at that moment
Select the correct entry style and
Try selecting the most recent sources as well as write methods. It is important to devote some time to exploring the different strategies used by modern writers and scientists. Don’t make your analysis too strict and boring. Be consistent, but try to enrich the text with some unexpected ideas
Start looking for excellent examples based on rhetorical analyses, starting from the beginning. Find a topic similar to your main topic. Monitor the plan or even rewrite the entire text using your original approach
Any example of rhetorical analysis includes strong arguments. They are powerful descriptive words and adjectives. Record the following adjectives to describe parsed articles or words: | https://enjoythebits.com/rhetorical-essay/ |
An article published in “The Astrophysical Journal” reports a precise measurement of the duration of the day on the planet Saturn. The lack of a solid surface with reference points and a magnetic field with unusual characteristics prevented precise measurements, but now a team of researchers led by Christopher Mankovich of the University of California, Santa Cruz, (UCSC) accomplished that feat by exploiting data collected by the Cassini space probe on the effects that the vibrations inside Saturn cause on the oscillation of its gravitational field and consequently also on the rings. The result is that the day on the planet was measured in 10 hours, 33 minutes and 38 seconds.
The idea of using Saturn’s rings to study the planet’s seismology is anything but new since it was first suggested in 1982, when it was purely theoretical due to the impossibility of conducting accurate enough measurements. Mark Marley of NASA’s Ames Research Center, one of the authors of this research, developed that idea in his Ph.D. thesis in 1990 showing how the calculations had to be done and predicting the position of some rings features.
At the time of Mark Marley’s thesis the Cassini mission was in its planning phase and he pointed out that it could make the necessary observations to test the idea. It took many years to see the actual results but eventually they arrived, particularly in the last phase of the mission, appropriately called the Grand Finale, in which the space probe conducted a series of flights between the planet and its rings.
The researchers used the data accumulated by the Cassini space probe to study the wave patterns generated inside the rings. They react to vibrations generated within Saturn and for this reason were compared to seismometers. The vibrations within the planet have frequencies that cause variations in its gravitational field with an influence on the particles that make up the rings. Where the oscillations of the gravitational field resonate with the rings orbits, energy builds up and gets carried away like a wave.
Most of the waves observed in Saturn’s rings are generated by the gravitational effects of the moons that orbit outside the rings and the researchers had to look for the characteristics that are due to the planet’s oscillations to understand its internal structure. The frequency spectrum of the oscillations was predicted in a series of models that were compared with the observations conducted by the Cassini space probe in particular in the C ring. One of the main results was the calculation of Saturn day, which until now had been difficult to calculate accurately due to the planet’s characteristics.
In the past, some estimates of Saturn’s length of day were conducted based on its magnetic field: in 1981 the one based on measurements made by the Voyager space probes was 10 hours, 39 minutes and 23 seconds, the ones based on other measurements of the Cassini space probe were between 10 hours and 36 minutes and 10 hours and 48 minutes. According to this new estimate the day on Saturn is a little shorter, 10 hours, 33 minutes and 38 seconds.
The mission of the Cassini space probe ended on September 15, 2017 with its destruction in the planet Saturn’s atmosphere but the data collected during the Grand Finale stimulated a new series of researches. In that last phase of the mission, maneuvers were performed that were previously considered too risky and the results show that it was indeed a conclusion worthy of an extraordinary mission. | http://english.tachyonbeam.com/2019/01/22/a-precise-measurement-of-the-duration-of-the-day-on-the-planet-saturn-thanks-to-its-rings/ |
Education Minister Prodromos Prodromou on Saturday called on parents and teachers to cooperate with the back-to-school coronavirus measures after the mandatory mask rule sparked a backlash from parents and teachers unions.
He said schools could not have different rules from the rest of the country.
On Friday, Prodromou announced that all staff and students from primary school to lyceum would be required to wear masks, when schools reopen on September 7.
The mask requirement will be in place for all students age 6 and older, which drew the criticism of parents’ groups and teachers.
Members of the primary school children’s parent group said the measure was inconceivable, while the primary school teachers’ union, Poed, said school cannot turn into a daycare centre, where teachers would effectively end up being babysitters, chasing small children to stick to the mask rule.
“Children will not be to stand having a mask on their little faces for so many hours,” head of the parents’ group, Sotiris Christophi said.
He added it would also be difficult for the children to wear the masks as temperatures are so high, especially with classrooms often resembling greenhouses during hot weather.
Commenting on the age issue, Christophi said at a prior meeting with the minister they had agreed on mask use for children over the age of 12.
“The ministry needs to rethink this measure,” he said.
The parents will meet in the coming days to discuss the issue, he said.
The head of Poed, Rea Papageorgiou said the situation for September and October was very difficult, due to the high temperatures in the classrooms.
Another issue was whether small children will be able to handle wearing a mask correctly, she added.
“They might grab them, they might throw them on the floor, they might exchange them, of they might wear them wrong,” she said.
She added it would be difficult for the teachers to play the role of a babysitter and instruct the children all the time to wear and take off their masks.
“Our goal, aside from health, is to also provide quality education, and we cannot act as babysitters,” she said.
Commenting to CyBC in the morning on parent and teacher reactions, Prodromou called on the both to cooperate with the new measures.
He added that he was aware and understood the concerns raised, but health security came above all else, he said.
Asked to comment on the fact in other EU countries masks were only required for older children, Prodromou said: “In different countries there are different rules. It is not up to me. At this time there is a protocol and directive, which can change at any time depending on what we know.”
He added children above age were already required to wear face masks under a general government decree.
“You will say in a school it [wearing masks] is more difficult?” he said, without addressing the differing length of time the children would have to have the masks on as opposed to a family outing or a trip to the supermarket, which would not be daily occurrences. | https://cyprus-mail.com/2020/08/22/coronavirus-prodromou-calls-on-parents-and-teachers-to-cooperate-after-mask-backlash/ |
How to Stop Sedum From Flopping Over?
Numerous species and hybrids of sedum (Sedum spp. or Hylotelephium spp.), sometimes also called stonecrop, are drought-tolerant succulents prized for their few maintenance requirements, unique appearance, attractive foliage and flowers, and a variety of different available forms and colors. Some sedums, including the "Autumn Joy" sedum (Sedum x "Autumn Joy" or Hylotelephium "Autumn Joy") thriving in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 5 to 9, are known as showy sedums and produce late-summer flowers that appear atop stems that can grow more than 2 feet tall. Without the proper care or site conditions, these relatively tall and top-heavy sedums have a tendency to flop over, exposing the bare plant center and making the planting look messy.
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1.
Fertilize the sedum only once per year, if at all, by sprinkling no more than about one handful of a slow-release, balanced fertilizer evenly over the ground around the sedum and water it in lightly. Excessive fertilizer applications or soil that is too rich will encourage vigorous but thin and weak growth.
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2.
Cut back or thin out any plants with branches hanging over or adjacent to the sedum if they are shading the sedum to make sure the plant receives full sunlight. Plants growing in even partial shade have a tendency to stretch toward the light as they grow and eventually flop over under the heavy flower clusters.
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3.
Water the sedum only occasionally and only during extended dry spells. These drought-tolerant plants require little supplemental irrigation, and too much moisture around sedum roots can lead to flopping over or even serious disease problems.
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4.
Cut the sedum back to half of its height in early or mid-summer, or pinch several inches off of the top of each stem to encourage branching and a compact, bushy habit. Try to sever each stem just above a leaf or bud.
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5.
Place one or more stakes or other supports in the ground near, but several inches back from the plant's base if the sedum starts to look very top-heavy when flowers start to develop. Tie stems loosely to the stake or support using a soft, somewhat flexible material such as commercially available plant ties or old pantyhose looped around the sedum stems just below the large flowers.
References
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Perennial Plants for Nebraska- Showy Sedum
- University of California Sonoma County Master Gardeners: Sedum Telephium ‘Autumn Joy’
- Michigan State University Extension: Summer Flower Care Keeps Your Plants Blooming Strong
- Michigan State University Extension: For Best Appearances, Stake Large, Heavy Flowers
Resources
Writer Bio
Angela Ryczkowski is a professional writer who has served as a greenhouse manager and certified wildland firefighter. She holds a Bachelor of Arts in urban and regional studies. | https://homeguides.sfgate.com/stop-sedum-flopping-over-84961.html |
Exercise 3.2.2. Use the formula (where is the projection of on ) to confirm that (where is the angle between and ).
Answer: Since we can compute the square of the length of as
Since is a scalar quantity we can bring it out of the transpose expression and then bring it to the left of the expression:
This leaves us with the scalar quantity at the right, so we can further simplify this expression as follows:
Taking the positive square root of both sides we then have
At the same time from (2) on page 146 (theorem 3G) we have
so that
Substituting into the above expression for we then have
(since is guaranteed to be positive but is not).
UPDATE: I expanded the derivation above in response to a question posted on MathHub.
NOTE: This continues a series of posts containing worked out exercises from the (out of print) book Linear Algebra and Its Applications, Third Edition by Gilbert Strang.
If you find these posts useful I encourage you to also check out the more current Linear Algebra and Its Applications, Fourth Edition, Dr Strang’s introductory textbook Introduction to Linear Algebra, Fourth Edition and the accompanying free online course, and Dr Strang’s other books. | https://math.hecker.org/2014/04/26/linear-algebra-and-its-applications-exercise-3-2-2/ |
In the ceramic tiles industry, much effort is invested in developing technologies and methods for producing ceramic tiles with a desired pattern. The industry has moved from producing tiles with the desired pattern only on the top layer or only on the surface layer to producing tiles with the desired pattern running through the entire thickness of the tile.
One of the known methods of doing this is by loading dry soil powder inside a container and then discharging the content through the opening of discharging tubes attached to the container into a vertical compartment, forming layers of soil powder of different types and colors the vertical compartment. The vertical compartment is then rotated 90 degrees to transfer the layers of soil powder to a horizontal mold. The layers of soil power are then pressed together under high pressure, creating a ceramic tile. The various characteristics of the layers of different of soil powders, such as colors and texture, translate into the tile pattern. However, the problem associated with this method is that there are difficulties with controlling the amount of soil powder released into the compartment, resulting in an inability to regulate and vary the width of color band. Thus, the patterns that can be obtained are limited. In addition, the rotation of the vertical compartment causes the soil granules to shift, resulting in distortion of the pattern. Thus, the obtained tiles must be subjected to further surface treatment after firing to reveal the pattern.
European Patent No. EP1273408 and International Publication No. WO2004071733 disclosed a technique to make continuous veining of patterns extending through the entire thickness of tiles or slabs. However, there remains the possibility that materials on the surface layer will mix together, causing the desired pattern to be distorted. There has been, therefore, a necessity to remove those mixed materials at the surface layer by suction before pressing in order to obtain patterns that are visible without having to polish the upper surfaces of ceramic tiles after firing.
European Patent EP 1334811 disclosed a technique for making patterns throughout the mass of the ceramic tiles which is characterized by a double-pressing that comprises of first a low pressure compacting. The compacted ceramic tiles are subsequently decorated by an ink-jet system to apply, according to the design, special ceramic colors which can penetrate into the tile mass. This technique, however, results in patterns in the tile mass that are somewhat blurred or incomplete. Further, the penetration of the ceramic colors is not deep enough to create a pattern in the lower layers of the tile mass.
All the known methods and apparatuses above comprise the compacting of material in powdery form.
Throughout the drawings, identical reference numbers designate similar, but not necessarily identical, elements.
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How to Implement Continuous Performance Management
How to implement a continuous performance management process step by step?
Performance Management is a collective communication process through which managers and employees align together to plan, monitor, and review an employee’s work objectives and their contribution towards the long-term goals of the organization.
Let’s understand more about Continuous Performance Management, its significance, benefits, and the steps involved in implementing continuous performance management.
Difference between continuous performance management vs performance management
In recent times, most Agile businesses around the world turn towards continuous performance systems to overcome the inherited flaws of the traditional performance management methods. Continuous performance management is a comprehensive approach when compared to the annual appraisal. The manager and the employee get the opportunity to give and take real-time feedback often, build a healthy relationship with periodic one-to-ones, and set near-term objectives and goals.
What Is continuous Performance Management?
Continuous Performance management is an ongoing process, that happens throughout the year, by planning objectives, reviewing progress, and providing coaching and feedback to fulfill the employee’s career goals and objectives. Managers support employees with continuous feedback, devise training programs and tools that pitch in for self-development.
Why is continuous performance management important?
Continuous Performance management is well-chosen by most organizations, who look for an alternate method for the annual appraisals. In recent times, leaders realize the importance of the manager’s role in providing continuous feedback that acts as a foundation for modern business success. And because of the below importance, most of the companies turn towards continuous performance management methods.
#1. Effective goal setting.
Allows the employees to set their individual goals and align them with the organizational goals through regular conversations and discussions with the managers. These goals are set through OKRs (Objectives and Key Results ) or SMART goals, with few ways to track the progress on their own.
#2. Encourages communication between Manager and subordinates
When Managers and employees get the chance to give and take consistent feedback, the relationship and the trust between both levels strengthens and they drive towards the organization’s goal effectively. On the other hand, they figure out the area of improvement, and training is provided to enhance the skills.
#3. Healthy work environment
The continuous Performance Management system provides a healthy platform for managers and employees to collaborate, converse and discuss their objectives and goals. A regular feedback system helps them to identify where they stand and what they have to improve to accomplish their goals.
#4. Improves Employee Productivity
Employee productivity tends to increase where is transparent feedback, healthy relationship and get independence in setting their goals. A Continuous performance management system gives the platform for the employees to have healthy competition within departments. When their performance is rewarded and recognized, employees’ work-life is happier which in turn increases their retention.
#5. Saves time and money
Companies spend huge money and time in retaining and hiring employees. Continuous performance management reduces attrition rate and employees are more loyal when their performance is recognized and rewarded through periodic assessments.
Continuous performance management has diverse benefits when compared to conventional performance management methods.
Types of process
A continuous Performance management system can be effectively followed by the following key features,
- Check-Ins – Continuous feedback improves the trust and relationship between the employees and team leaders. Managers initiate the discussions to keep the employee’s performance on the track.
- Priorities – Employees get the liberty to set their objectives and key results in focus with the organization’s goals.
- Performance Dashboard – To access the performance and recognize the outcomes in a single dashboard where the comprehensive view of Check-ins, goals, feedback, and an annual summary is exhibited.
- 360-degree feedback – Employees learn and grow with continuous feedback from their network of Managers, trainers, mentors, and colleagues to improve their performance.
- Summary reports – Managers can use the any-time summary reports to guide the employees with fruitful discussions periodically.
How to implement continuous performance management
Continuous Performance Management is the recent management strategy that benefits both the management and the employees. Top management develops strategies to successfully implement Continuous performance management by devising attainable and actionable goals that improve the performance and internal relationship.
By providing real-time feedback, periodic check-Ins, allocating short-term objectives and frequent discussions boost the morale of the employees and seem to be a better alternative for the traditional annual appraisal methods.
The following steps will help to implement Continuous Performance Management effectively,
It is quite important to reveal to the management why the transition to Continuous performance management is important. Managers have to be involved in discussions like,
- How they organize meetings and how frequent it is going to happen.
- Goal-setting
- Delivering effective feedback
- How training programs are organized
- Scales in which employees are accessed
- When the performance evaluation takes place.
1. Facilitate Training
To get the best out of Continuous Performance management, appropriate training is essential to the managers with all the documents in place. Management should spend time training managers to conduct an effective conversation and provide feedback from their reporters.
2. Update the employees about the changes
Communicating the benefits of the new system and its benefits, ease them to understand the need for it. This can be done continuously with elaborate and clear presentations and explaining them in person. Employees are encouraged to ask their queries to managers to understand the process better
3. Start monitoring the performance
In the initial phase of the performance cycle, managers observe the employee’s behavior and monitor their performance pertaining to the new guidelines. This ensures how employees adapt to the new system and get knowledge about the performance metrics by which they are going to be analyzed. It can be done by,
- Noting down the behavior changes
- Getting feedback from colleagues and mentors
- Collecting self-assessment forms
- Rating their performance as per company standards
4. Begin with Official appraisal initially
After observing the behavior and performance of the employees in the new system, an official meeting can be organized to discuss the following aspects:
- Access how employee’s behavior is in line with the Job description
- Employees’ performance and behavior are evaluated against the company’s policies and procedures.
- Employees get the opportunity to discuss their performance and get their manager’s feedback
- Setting actionable goals where both employees and managers involved in the discussion
- On the other way, employees also provide feedback about their manager’s performance
Finally, the upcoming meeting schedule and agenda are revealed to the employees.
5. Providing necessary training and development
Managers have to take responsibility to organise appropriate training and development programs to help the employees to meet their objectives effectively. Employees can also share their training requirements with the managers to make them accountable for their performance in reaching the goals.
6. Casual meeting
Informal meetings are conducted in between the formal ones to develop a healthy relationship and understanding between the manager and subordinate. They happen in a casual manner without strict agendas and employees are encouraged to describe their concerns.
7. Collecting feedback
In order to analyze how managers and employees are getting adapted to the new system, periodic feedbacks are collected in the form of surveys, forms, formal and informal meetings. This helps to enhance the system and make them comfortable in following the same without hindrance.
8. Constantly communicating and implementing the changes
Management and HR should assess the suggestions received from employees and managers regarding the changes in the system and try to implement them to maintain the organization’s culture. This encourages the people to come up with their ideas and management should communicate the changes made in business strategy and policies.
9. Repeating the performance cycle
After the completion of the first performance cycle, managers must coordinate with HRs to continue the process without any struggle and ensure the smooth implementation of the process. Employees can also keep in touch with HR to assure their manager’s support for the successful performance management cycle.
Conclusion
Datalligence Performance Management Module uses the OKR based performance management to help organizations to get data-driven decision making. The platform eliminates bias and integrates with continuous feedback and recognition. Talk to our experts and create a performance culture starting today
Want to know more?
Our free demo helps you in understanding our product in detail, so you can save time that you spend on onboarding process. | https://datalligence.ai/implement-performance-management/ |
I got Kona home Monday night after over hundred long miles of contemplation of how it was going to go when we finally got home. I was nervous, apprehensive, excited and having more than little buyer’s regret.
When we got home, Lauren was off caring for a friend’s horses and was not there to greet us. First, I had to get my dogs out of the house and get Kona in, without having a huge dog fight erupt. I did not know if it would or not, but I have had dogs in huge fights before and the outcome is often swift, brutal and bloody. The two dogs most apt to start the fight were the two rescue dogs, Muffy (the black and white spaniel mix found near frozen in the corn field) and Browndog, ( a brown lab and Australian Shepherd mix) whom Jordyn spotted behind our arena the year of the great drought, horrendously thin and needing a home. These two dogs came from hard times, are more nervous and can become nippy if crossed.
I managed to get the dogs all fed (all outside at their usual stations) except PuppyGirl and Kona whom I separated indoors until I would know how the dogs would get along. Kona had come with his own high dollar dog food made from Salmon and including blue berries (anti-oxidents, you know). When Lauren opened the bag she said it smelled like a million dead fish. But Kona loved it and ate it hungerly. Introducing dogs is hard enough but you do not add the element of food.
Then, on the leash, Kona and I went off to investigate the horses for the first time. We got just outside the gate, when Kona realized something was a miss. He got wind of the horses and the horses got wind of him. He immediately started barking in a deep resounding bark while braced against his front legs in case he needed to whirl and run. Mickey and Feather did not smell or see “dog”. What they saw resembled an ape or a bizarre hedge hog and what they smelled was a floral scent from the grooming powder and shampoo. Feather raced to the back of her stall. Mickey stood his ground at the front of his but was puffing and blowing at the weird animal in front of him. In my head, I thought, oh boy, isn’t this gonna be a great horse show dog!
But each time I went back out to water and then to hay, Kona came along. By the third trip he was quiet, relaxed and looking for some horse poop to eat. Good progress!
Inside the house, things were going a little slower. Kona was not a threat to anyone, but he was acting like the exuberant puppy that he is, jumping, posturing and giving happy barks to invite the other dogs to play. By bedtime, he, Muffy, Lula and PG were tolerating each other. I finally laid down to read on my bed with the three existing dogs on the bed with me. I had quickly learned that Kona had been taught not to get on the furniture and it seemed like a good rule to keep enforcing. I put Kona in his big kennel and we all settled in.
I turned of the lights. Kona started barking. His barking engaged the dogs in Lauren’s room and it got pretty rowdy. I yelled at him. Still barking. Turned the light back on. He goes quiet. I have no idea where his kennel was before (in a garage, a cave, in the pool house) but in my bedroom it was going to be a problem if I could not have the lights out and quiet. I turned the light out again. The barking started in full force. I was tired, stressed and scared I had bought the hound from hell.
I put my ear plugs in (used last time to block out the giant cat mating under my house session), turned on a fan and eventually he quieted down and slept.
My goal for the next day was by day’s end to have all the dogs out together in the fenced back yard. It seemed like it was not going to be easy.
Meanwhile, Lauren saddled up Feather. Kona and I headed to the arena behind them to see how a horse moving was going to effect him. We have a horse show this weekend and Kona cannot go and bark at all the horses.
Keeping an eye on Feather but not offering to charge or chase her. He has ball in his mouth.
By the end of the evening, we were going to barn without incident and the backyard full on new sisters was going okay as well. The best part of ending day 1 of Kona’s first day on the farm? I put him in his kennel, turned out the lights and we quietly went to sleep.
I had a “Golden Poo” for eight years (far too little time) and she was a marvelous dog. She had the brains of the Poodle and was a glorious “ranch dog”–she didn’t chase the horse either, but she loved racing around the outside of the round pen when he was doing HIS thing. I envy you Kona. | https://exechorseluver.com/2013/02/22/kona-settles-in/ |
Happy New Year! For me, one of the best parts about Colorado is that you can be outside all year around. Winter is a lovely season to enjoy the scenery. Spending time outdoors is always beneficial for our mental and physical health. While you are out enjoying the fresh air, here are some things to do and observe:
- Look for tiny critters. Most insects and arthropods overwinter in a diapause state (dormancy), but you may see some activity on warm days. While winter watering my landscape, I came across the larvae of a brown lacewing (Family: Hemerobiidae). Lacewings are excellent beneficial insects in our gardens because they feed on pests, especially aphids. Recently, I also came across a Say’s stink bug, (Chlorochroa sayi). Stink bugs overwinter as adults, usually finding a safe, warm place under leaf piles and other debris. The Say’s stink bug will slowly turn from green to brown as fall and winter approach. For more information on how insects survive the winter, check out the following blog post: How Insects Survive Winter. On warm days in winter–usually above 50 degrees–you may observe honey bees out flying. Honey bees cluster in the hive most of the time, but on warm days, they leave the hive to go on a cleansing flight to relieve themselves. They may also seek out water and food sources. Honey bees feed on the honey stores in the hive, but occasionally you may see them at bird feeders picking up bits of protein from seeds and cracked corn. Learn more about Where Do Bees Go in the Winter?
- Notice plants that provide winter interest. Plants also go through a dormant stage during the winter, but many plants still provide beauty and interesting characteristics to your garden and landscape. One of my personal favorites is rabbitbrush (Ericameria nauseosa) and varieties like Baby Blue rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus nauseosus var. nauseosus). Rabbitbrush is an interesting plant all year around, but in the winter, the seedheads and stalks provide a golden color and interesting texture to the landscape. Here are some examples of other plants that provide unique winter interest: Four Native Plants for Winter Interest and Winter Interest with Plant Select® Plants in the Western Garden.
- Provide water and food for the birds. During the summer many birds feed on insects and other arthropods. Once winter arrives, food becomes scarce and backyard birds tend to feed on seeds and fruits. Check out the Winter Bird Feeding guide by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology for details on how to provide the most nutritious food for birds during the winter. If you are interested in providing long-term habitat and nutrition for backyard birds, consider adding native plants to your landscape. Check out this Colorado guide on Native Plants for Birds. Fresh water is also critical for birds and can be hard to come by in the freezing temperatures. Be wary of birdbaths that can crack with freezing water. Consider birdbaths that have a built-in heater. Providing food and water for birds in winter provides them needed resources and can bring joy from watching the birds visit your yard.
- Take up birdwatching as a hobby. Speaking of birds… Winter is a great time to go birdwatching. Without the leaves on the trees, birds are easier to observe. Many birds take up residence in Colorado during the winter. Some bald eagles are residents–you can observe them in Colorado all year around. Others migrate to Colorado for the winter. The population of bald eagles increases during the winter months for a variety of reasons, including the available of food. Read more about why bald eagles migrate to Colorado for the winter in a blog post by the Bird Conservancy of the Rockies. Colorado normally has around 200 nesting pairs of bald eagles, and in the winter more than 1,000 are expected to come through Colorado. Learn more about where to observe bald eagles near you. Another winter migrant raptor you may observe are rough-legged hawks. They live in the arctic tundra during the summer where they breed. For winter, they migrate south and inhabit Colorado and much of the United States. Rough-legged hawks received their name because they have feathers that extend down to their feet. You may observe great horned owls in the wintertime because they are courting. You can often hear them hooting and see their silhouettes in the trees. Courting begins in December and January—one of the earliest bird species to begin the process of mating. Great horned owls are often crepuscular, meaning they are active in the twilight hours.
- Water your landscape. Colorado had another dry year in 2021. Landscape plants will benefit from extra water to get them through the winter. Winter watering can prevent root damage and help the overall health of your plants. Anytime we have a prolonged period of dry, warm weather in the fall, winter, and spring, consider watering your plants when the weather is above 40 degrees. Apply water during the warm part of the day so it has adequate time to soak in before temperatures cool down. Prioritize watering newly planted trees and shrubs, followed by trees in your landscape. Don’t forget to water your lawn and perennials. For more information, check out the CSU Extension fact sheets on Fall and Winter Watering, and Watering Your Landscape During a Drought.
Winter is a wonderful time of year to explore the outdoors and notice the beauty in our surrounding environment. Enjoy the fresh air, cool temperatures, snow, plants, birds, and other wildlife that make Colorado a wonderful place to live. | https://arapahoe.extension.colostate.edu/2022/01/07/a-winter-to-do-list-to-enjoy-the-outdoors/ |
Have you ever considered how behavioural aspects of an individual plays an important role in economics and it can impact the demand for a good drastically? Several studies have been done in this area in the past. When considering demand, we tend to relate it to the notion of the law of demand (Quantity demanded of a good is inversely related to its price) and tend to ignore other aspects. However, the value of a product is not always dependent on the utility a consumer derives. For some goods, social superiority derives demand.
Let us take an example first. Suppose when Mr. A was 10 years old, his friend bought this latest new Pokémon toy that had just entered the market. Seeing the toy, Mr. A desperately wanted it too. So he ended up buying it after possibly crying and having rounds of negotiations and requests with his parents/guardians. Now let us take a different scenario. Suppose now, Mr. B’s friend bought a new Ben10 toy, but almost everyone Mr. B knew had already bought it. Hence, Mr. B’s desire to buy this toy vanished as he did not want to be a part of the crowd. It’s interesting how we have been in both positions several times yet find it difficult to understand simple economic concepts. The demand for the toy in both scenarios was not dependent on its price but rather on its demand by their friends. This effect, where the demand increase/decrease due to others’ consumption is known as network externalities. It may either be positive or negative. Here, the former scenario is an example of the demonstration effect/bandwagon effect (positive network externality), while the latter one is an example of the snob effect (negative network externality). We will be focusing on the latter one in this article.
TECHNICALITIES
To define, Snob Effect refers to a phenomenon where the demand for a particular good by the richer section of the society is inversely related to demand of the same good by the poorer section. Consider Mr. C who is a millionaire, he will not be willing to buy a basic mobile model that is owned by a large share of the population. Hence, this effect comes into play when people want uniqueness, are less willing to purchase a good that has widespread usage and value the exclusivity of owning rare products. Snob value refers to the value attached to a particular good for its power to showcase social superiority. The lower the availability, the higher is the snob value. Snob Appeal refers to the quality of a product to appeal to a consumer in a way that can improve his/her exclusivity.
It’s imperative to understand that this effect can have a positive as well as a negative impact on a commodity. However, in general, it reduces the demand for a commodity. Higher the snob value of a good, lower is the number of people owning it. As in the example of Mr B discussed earlier, the demand for a commodity may go down drastically due to the snob effect. On the other hand, some products that are ultimately purchased by the richer section to showcase social superiority (say an iPhone), face the positive side of snob effect as here the demand goes up by the richer section. However, the goods that encounter the positive side may have low practical value but very high economic value. Such as a rare work of art, sports car, expensive watch or anything exclusive.
EFFECT ON DEMAND CURVE
Snob Effect makes the demand curve of a normal good less elastic and the demand curve of a luxury good positive. To purchase more luxury goods due to this effect, people tend to reduce their demand for normal good even if its price is decreasing. However, this decline is not to the extent that it neutralizes the total price effect. Hence, it makes the demand curve of the normal good less elastic. On the other hand, the demand for a luxury item (say iPhone) increases with the increasing price due to the snob effect violating the law of demand leading to a positive slope.
IS IT SIMILAR TO VEBLEN EFFECT?
Those familiar with economics know very well about the Veblen Effect. In theory, it’s possible to misinterpret and conclude Snob and Veblen Effect as the same considering that both effects have that element where the richer section of the society purchase a commodity that is rare to showcase their social superiority. However, the difference lies in the fact that Veblen effect is governed by price (higher price is equal to higher quality) whereas Snob effect is governed by demand (high demand by poorer section means inferior quality and vice versa). Despite this, it’s necessary to understand that the demand for Veblen goods (goods that show the Veblen effect) is influenced by the snob effect. It is due to this effect that people are willing to buy Veblen goods when their price increases to showcase social superiority. If the price of this product decreases, its snob appeal falls and vice versa.
CONCLUSION
In today’s world, it is necessary for large companies targeting middle-class consumers to ensure that their product does not lose their market share due to the snob effect. There’s a tendency whereby brands lose their status and identity in an attempt to increase market share by lowering the price. Therefore, producers sometimes pay special attention to ensure that their products don’t become a part of mainstream culture and trigger snob effect due to promotional discounts. The psychological perception of a commodity sometimes is the most important determinant and hence the bigger picture needs to be seen to understand the aspects of demand and supply. | https://theconnectere.com/snob-effect/ |
dew on roses
Fungal infections affect many garden plants, among them not only vegetables, but also flowers. Powdery mildew on roses is common, it is very easy to determine that the plant is infected — a thin white coating appears on the leaves and buds, resembling spilled powder. The infection quickly spreads to neighboring plants, if treatment measures are not taken, expensive varieties can be lost, and in a short time. How to treat roses from powdery mildew — the answer is in this article.
Causes of Powdery Mildew
Fungal plaque on roses has a white or cream color. The rashes are easy to wipe off by hand, but after a short time, new extensive foci will appear on the leaves or buds, sometimes they merge into one large spot.
Where does the fungal infection in the rose garden come from? This question is asked by beginners and experienced flower growers, and there are several reasons for infection with powdery mildew:
- Poor lighting of the rose garden — the queen of flowers loves to bask in the sun, plants stretch in partial shade, few buds are formed, and when roses are planted in the shade, growth inhibition is observed, which leads to a decrease in immunity.
- Thick plantings — when planting rose bushes in the garden, the distance between plants should be observed. Depending on the group, the bushes are planted at different intervals: for miniature roses, it is enough to leave a gap of 35-50 cm; floribunda and hybrid tea roses are planted after 60 cm; for climbers, the distance between the bushes is left at least 1 m.
- Too dense soil — when planting rose bushes, it is very important to properly compose the substrate by adding sand, peat, humus and leafy soil to it. During the season it is useful to carry out several loosening of flower beds with roses.
- Sharp temperature changes — with a difference in day and night temperatures, condensate (dew) forms on the plants, which can lead roses to powdery mildew.
- An excess of nitrogen in the soil — a balanced top dressing maintains the necessary balance of microelements in the soil, so do not get too carried away by introducing humus and manure under roses, especially during the budding period.
- Calcium starvation — in the summer you can spend 1-2 foliar top dressing of roses with a cocktail of trace elements, including calcium.
- High humidity — in rainy weather, the risk of infection with powdery mildew increases many times over.
Is any plaque — powdery mildew
On garden roses, there are two fungal diseases that affect the plant:
- Powdery mildew — mushrooms develop rapidly on the top of the leaves. At first, the plaque is white, with time it becomes gray-white. Gradually, the fungus populates the lower part of the leaf blade. The leaves wither and fall off. When buds become infected, they fade over time if timely treatment is not started.
- Downy mildew (peronosporosis) — infection with fungi occurs from the bottom of the leaves. The leaves of roses first discolor, then red-brown, as if burned, foci appear on them. Pathogenic fungi remain in the form of mycelium in the tissues of roses, after decay of infected plant residues, the soil contains pathogens for 7 years. The optimal temperature for the development of infection is 15–18°C.
Both diseases are caused by pathogenic fungi, while the greatest damage is noticeable on weakened plants, during the cultivation of which, the rules of agricultural technology were not followed.
Important! In roses that have recovered from powdery mildew, immunity and protective properties are sharply reduced, it is difficult for such plants to endure wintering. Powdery mildew on roses: control measures
If signs of infection of garden roses with powdery mildew are found, urgent treatment measures must be taken. Popular methods of treating powdery mildew can be divided into two groups.
Folk remedies for powdery mildew on roses
Folk remedies will not help plants on which the disease progresses greatly, you can not do without the help of fungicides. Periodic inspections of rose bushes for infection with fungal infections will help to quickly identify the disease, and begin treatment earlier.
For the treatment of diseased roses, solutions can be prepared according to the following recipes:
- Whey treatment — 1000 ml of whey is diluted in a bucket of water at room temperature. The solution is well mixed and treated with rose bushes. Multiplicity of processing — 1 time per day for 3 days in a row.
- Serum + iodine — the solution is prepared from the calculation: for 10 liters of water, take a liter of serum and 10 drops of ordinary pharmacy iodine. Multiplicity of processing: 2 times with a break of 7 days.
- Soap-soda solution — soda ash (25 g) and liquid soap (5 g) are added to hot water (5 l). Plants are treated with a cooled solution 2 times with a break between procedures — 1 week. It is useful to process the top layer of soil under rose bushes with this solution.
- Medicine from baking soda — dissolve 1 tbsp in 4 liters of water. l. baking soda and half a spoonful of liquid soap. Mix everything intensively, you need to process the roses 3 times with an interval between procedures — 1 week.
- Also, to treat the powdery mildew rose garden, you can use an infusion of garlic or mustard. Perfectly copes with the infection infusion of fresh manure.
- Ash infusion is a very effective remedy for fighting fungal diseases, but there is one drawback — long cooking. But this tool is absolutely harmless to plants and humans. 1 kg of wood ash is added to 10 liters of hot water. Insist the medicine for 7 days. After that, diseased roses can be treated with a solution.
Powdery mildew on roses: treatment with fungicides
For the treatment of advanced cases of infection of roses with fungal infections, it is recommended to use special agents — fungicides.
The most popular means among summer residents: Oxyhom SP; Ridomil Gold MC; Topaz; Order of the joint venture; Previcur Energy; Consento COP; Alirin-B; Fundazol; Maksim.
Chemical preparations are used to treat the rosary strictly in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. It is not recommended to spray roses in windy or rainy weather. Be sure to take precautions when working with chemicals.
Treatment of diseased roses with folk or chemical remedies will help get rid of a pathogenic infection, but in order to prevent such a situation from occurring again, the agricultural practices of growing roses should be carefully observed. | https://gangbuy.ru/dew-on-roses/ |
28 November 2007,
Milan, Palazzo Clerici
Price realised EUR 61,940
Estimate EUR 30,000 - EUR 40,000
Leonardo Coccorante (Napoli 1680-1750)
Capriccio architettonico con figure; e Capriccio architettonico con figure presso una fontana
olio su tela
75.5 x 102 cm. (il primo); 75 x 87 cm. (il secondo) (2)
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Where there is no symbol Christie's generally sells lots under the Margin Scheme.
The final price charged to Buyer's for each lot, is calculated in the following way: | http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/Paintings/leonardo-coccorante-capriccio-architettonico-con-figure-e-5005378-details.aspx?intObjectID=5005378 |
Depending on the rules of the monarchy, the heir presumptive might be the daughter of a monarch if males take preference over females and the monarch has no sons, or the senior member of a collateral line if the monarch is childless or the monarch's direct descendants cannot inherit (either because they are daughters and females are completely barred from inheriting, because the monarch's children are illegitimate, or because of some other legal disqualification, such as being descended from the monarch through a morganatic line or the descendant's refusal or inability to adopt a religion the monarch is required to profess). In either case, the subsequent birth of a legitimate child to the monarch may displace the former heir presumptive by a new heir apparent or heir presumptive. It is not assumed that the monarch and his or her consort are incapable of having further children; on the day before Queen Elizabeth II ascended the throne, her father George VI was gravely ill and her mother was in her early 50s, but Elizabeth was still considered the heir presumptive rather than the heir apparent.
Heir presumptive, like heir apparent, is not a title or position per se. Rather, it is a general term for a person who holds a certain place in the order of succession. In some monarchies, the heir apparent bears, ipso facto, a specific title and rank (e.g., Denmark, Netherlands, United Kingdom), this also sometimes being the case for noble titleholders (e.g., Spain, United Kingdom), but the heir presumptive does not bear that title. In other monarchies (e.g., Monaco, Spain) the first in line to the throne bears a specific title (i.e., "Hereditary Prince/Princess of Monaco", "Prince/Princess of Asturias") by right, regardless of whether she or he is heir apparent or heir presumptive. | https://worddisk.com/wiki/Heir_presumptive/ |
Sometimes it’s worth the wait! I’ve been planning this project for a long time. In yesterday’s post, I tried out the floating stitches, one of the stitch techniques available on the NEW PFAFF quilt expression 720.
In this post, I use one of the fonts included on the machine to start making my very own quilter’s name badge!
Sooner or later, whether you’ve joined a guild or go to a quilting retreat, you’ll be asked to wear a name tag. I finally joined a guild last year and quickly discovered the need and desire to have a pretty name badge all of my own.
One year later I’m finally getting to it. Thanks to the quilt expression 720 I had a lot of fun making it too! It started with being able to stitch out my name with the machine. I picked the largest font and was glad to find this machine has a stylus – a great little tool to use with the Color Touch Screen. On the quilt expression 720 it even has its own little holding nook on the outside edge of the machine by the power button which makes it handy to grab when you need it.
I planned out my first row of stitching for my first name and included some spaces before and after my name so I could center it above my longer last name. I found it easy to create both rows of text and then space them using the edge of the presser foot as a guide.
I also wanted to add my Instagram account name to my badge. When I created the sequence of letters the length came out longer than my last name; I decreased the length using the arrows on the Color Touch Screen until the length was close to the same as that of the previous rows.
I know from experience with PFAFF machines that there’s some adjustment possible in each direction and that the machine will stop when the adjustment is out of the possible range of the machine. Trust me, you can make your stitches almost any way you want and they will turn out great.
I also could have saved this sequence as a favorite and been able to go back and select it at another time from inside a menu instead of needing to recreate it.
Now that I’m finished stitching out all my rows of text, I trimmed my fabric to approximately 3¾″ square.
I made my name badge on the medium/large size and you might not want one this big. Partly the size was determined by the length of my name (!) but I also had some fun, with a specific fabric in mind for this project. I cut the fabric large enough so that the fun print wouldn’t be obscured – you could certainly make a smaller badge by still following along with my construction method.
Fabric Requirements
You’ll need fabric for the front and the back of your badge. I used strips of the same fabric, two pieces for the sides (1½″ x 3¾″) and two longer ones for the top and bottom (1½″ x 5½″).
You’ll also need a backing fabric of 5½″ square and a piece of batting too. My ribbon is quite thick and long – I left it almost 36″ long.
Come back for the next post where we’ll quickly assemble the quilter’s badge with the stitches on the PFAFF quilt expression 720.
This is part 3 of 5 in this series. | https://quiltsocial.com/amp/making-a-quilters-name-badge-using-the-pfaff-quilt-expression-720/ |
What is a legal issue example?
Litigation, including cases relating to contracts, construction, and employment issues (gender, race, age, disability, and civil rights); draft related legal pleadings and make court appearances in state and federal courts and at administrative hearings.
How do you spot legal issues?
What is a legal issue?
- 2) Look for ambiguity in the facts.
- 3) Find where the opinions disagree.
- 4) Think about what you don’t understand.
What is a creative brief example?
Creative brief examples and elements Your company’s background, ethos, or mission. An explanation of the project, and how this request for creative fits into the overall strategy of the campaign. Audience information, including the markets you’re targeting and any pertinent demographic or psychographic profiles.
How do you write legal issues in a case?
Issue Statement
- Issue statements (sometimes referred to as Questions Presented) should:
- Be a single sentence.
- Be a question that can be answered “yes” or “no”
- State the names of the parties.
- Include enough facts to provide necessary context to the reader.
What are legal significant facts?
A fact is legally relevant if it had an impact on the case’s outcome. For example, in a personal injury action arising from a car accident, the color of the parties’ cars seldom would be relevant to the case’s outcome.
What is a mood board graphic design?
What is a mood board in graphic design? Mood boards are physical or digital collages that arrange images, materials, text, and other design elements into a format that’s representative of the final design’s style.
How do I write a legal brief template?
Template of a case brief
- Name of case. Start by saying the name of the case at the top of your case brief—for example, Smith v.
- Parties. Identify the parties.
- Procedure. Identify the procedural posture of the case.
- Issue. Identify the legal issue that the opinion is addressing.
- Facts.
- Rule.
- Analysis/application.
- Holding.
What is a fact pattern in law?
A fact pattern or fact situation is a summary of the key facts of a particular legal case, presented without any associated discussion of their legal consequences.
What does a legal brief look like?
There are many acceptable formats for a case brief. Every brief should include, at a minimum, the facts of the case, the legal issue, the legal principle applied in the case, the holding and reasoning of the majority, and a summary of any concurrences and dissents.
How long is a brief description?
A brief description is a summary of the whole text or whole description. I would say ten short sentences in two paragraphs or six long sentences in a single paragraph format is a brief description. You can choose vocabulary which convey more meaning in a single word for brief descriptions.
What is a brief in writing?
Eventually, the parties write an explanation of what they think the error was or wasn’t for the appellate judge or justice. This document is called a brief. It is the purpose of this guide to direct you to some materials that may help you create a correctly formatted and persuasive brief.
What are the elements of a creative brief?
10 Key Elements of a Successful Creative Brief
- Describe your company.
- Summarize the project.
- Explain your objectives.
- Define your target audience.
- Outline the deliverables you need.
- Identify your competition.
- Include details on the tone, message, and style.
- Provide the timing.
What is a brief example?
A brief is defined as a short written or spoken statement or a statement of the main points of a legal case. An example of brief is a five minute news segment covering a short announcement by the president. An example of brief is a paper that explains why a person is guilty of a crime. noun.
How do I write a brief?
5 tips for creating a brief
- Know what you want to say. It all starts with your goals.
- Be specific. If your brief is specific, it is more likely that the outcome is going to be to the point.
- You are not writing it for yourself.
- You need to know what your unique selling point is.
- Ask for feedback.
How do you write a creative brief for a logo?
1. Provide information about your business —
- Describe your product, target audience and industry.
- Describe your brand values.
- Provide your company name.
- Provide your company slogan (if needed)
- Express what logo type you need.
- Design style.
- Colors.
- Inspiration (e.g. mood board)
How many sentences is a short summary?
A summary paragraph should be no longer than six to eight sentences. Once you finish a draft of the summary paragraph, read it over and revise it so it is short and to the point.
What is a brief description?
Definition. A text description of an object in approximately one sentence; normally used for administrative and identification purposes. It records the most important information from a number of separate descriptive units of information.
How is legal writing different?
Legal writing places heavy reliance on authority. In most legal writing, the writer must back up assertions and statements with citations of authority. This is accomplished by a unique and complicated citation system, unlike that used in any other genre of writing.
What is a creative strategy?
Creative strategy is the intentional and strategic approach a company takes in developing and implementing steps that will ensure and support the business’ growth. Your creative strategy provides the guiding principles for copywriters and art directors who are assigned to develop the advertisement.
What is a legal brief format?
Every standard legal brief has a few basic elements: An Introduction that articulates the party’s claim and introduces the party’s theory of the case and the procedural history of the case. A Table of Authorities (TOA) section that describes all sources of legal authority used in the brief.
What is a creative brief in graphic design?
A creative brief is a one to two page communication tool that outlines a marketing or advertising project’s requirements, the client’s vision for a brand or a product, expectations, goals, and resources. For freelance designers, a creative brief is simply shared between the designer and client.
How do you write an issue?
How to Write a Good Issue bookmark_border
- Gather Evidence.
- Locate the Issue.
- Solidify your Reproduction.
- Suggest a Cause.
- Write your Issue!
- What’s Next?
How do you write a creative concept?
Steps
- Step 1: Develop a Problem Statement.
- Step 2: Select the Brainstorm Team.
- Step 3: Organize the Brainstorming Session.
- Step 4: Provide Background for the Brainstorm.
- Step 5: Break the Ice.
- Step 6: Individual Idea Generation.
- Step 7: Expand Ideas.
- Step 8: Select and Refine the Two to Three Best Ideas.
What should a brief include?
Most creative briefs include the following:
- A short brand statement.
- A brief overview of the campaign’s background and objectives.
- Key challenges that the campaign aims to resolve.
- Target audience for the campaign.
- Chief competitors.
- Primary message describing the brand’s values and market positioning.
How do you develop a creative strategy?
5 steps to creative strategy development
- Identifying the problem. It’s not just about defining the problem but defining the right problem to solve.
- Create and consider many options. Try and think about things differently.
- Refine selected options.
- Repeat (optional)
- Pick the winner and execute.
What are the six elements of a legal brief?
A comprehensive brief includes the following elements:
- Title and Citation.
- Facts of the Case.
- Issues.
- Decisions (Holdings)
- Reasoning (Rationale)
- Separate Opinions.
- Analysis.
What are the 5 elements of a problem statement?
the problem itself, stated clearly and with enough contextual detail to establish why it is important; the method of solving the problem, often stated as a claim or a working thesis; the purpose, statement of objective and scope of the document the writer is preparing.
How do you write a brief case?
Here you try to identify the issues or questions judges explicitly set apart to discuss and decide upon. This part of the case brief should be framed in terms of questions. The issues should never be fact-specific. Each issue should ideally be no longer than a sentence.
What makes a good design brief?
A good design brief is vital It should cover everything necessary to the project, in a manner that is easy to refer to throughout the project timeline. Make notes on your design briefs once you start the project. Keep your proposal along with it, as well as other important documents.
Why a creative brief is important?
A creative brief is a unifying document that identifies the important key benefits for a campaign or launch. It tells the story and explains why it’s important to the audience, serving as a guide for the creation of new materials. Yet developing an effective creative brief is far more difficult that it may first seem. | https://www.studiodessuantbone.com/paper-writing-help-blog/what-is-a-legal-issue-example/ |
When winter rolls around and all the leaves have fallen, we are left with bare trees during the dormant season. Trees go through a lot of changes above ground, but have you ever wondered about what is going on below ground? Roots are an important but often forgotten part of a trees’ anatomy. In this month’s blog, we will talk about roots’ purposes, structure, and the obstacles roots face in our landscapes.
Here are a few of the main functions of roots and their role in a tree’s survival:
Anchorage: Healthy roots allow a tree to stand upright. A tree’s roots grow more horizontally than downward in the ground, allowing a tree to grow vertically above ground in a stable manner. Rotting or underdeveloped roots can cause a tree to topple over due to the lack of stability.
Absorption: Roots absorb water and minerals found in the soil and are brought up by xylem tissues within the tree. The water and minerals are brought up and used throughout the entire tree and exits as vapor through the leaves.
Storage: Roots are storage organs for the trees which hold water and carbohydrates to use during dry or dormant seasons.
Types of Roots
There are a many different types of roots underneath trees. Taproots are roots that grow straight down into the ground. Certain species grow a tap root, such as Oaks, Hickories, Walnuts, and conifers. The ability to grow a taproot is dependent on the condition of the soil, so they are much less common in our landscapes due to our compacted soil.
Lateral roots are large, woody roots that are much like underground branches that spread horizontally. These roots aid in the anchorage and stability of trees.
Small absorbing roots make up most of the root system in trees. These small roots are covered in fine root hairs, also called fibrous roots. These roots easily soak up water and a healthy root system is covered in these fibrous roots.
Obstacles Roots Face in our Landscapes
Proper planting is critical to a tree’s health and survival. If a tree is planted too deeply or incorrectly, girdling roots can occur that can wrap around a tree and essentially suffocate it, cutting off necessary resources.
Soil compaction is a common occurrence in our landscapes due to construction, foot traffic, and vehicles. Compaction reduces air space and water flow in the soil surrounding the roots which can cause slowed growth. On the opposite side of the spectrum, if continuous flooding occurs, roots can suffocate and begin to rot beginning a spiral of decline and an opportunity for the tree to topple over without the anchorage it needs.
Because roots grow 2 to 3 times past the dripline of the tree canopy, space to grow is a necessity. Roots and trees are generally very resilient and will find a way to grow, which can cause damage to nearby structures and underground obstacles. The most important thing you can do for your tree and its root system is too follow the rule of “right tree, right place.” Selecting the right tree for the space you have can avoid many future problems.
Give your arborist a call today to evaluate the health of your trees or determine which tree would be the right one for your landscape. | https://www.cherokeetreecare.com/blog/tree-roots |
As for Iris, who’s 5 1/2: "She doesn’t lay eggs any more. We call that ‘hen-a-pause.’ But she’s still a very valued member of the flock,” said Baile — who isn’t called The Chicken Lady for nothing.
A 71-year-old retired nurse and midwife, Baile (“like a bale of chicken straw”) lives in Haddon Township with her husband, Ron, a retired technician, and their six hens. The couple has been married for half a century, and they have a grown son.
Baile and her Camden County Chickens group have helped residents of the township and a dozen other South Jersey suburbs successfully organize campaigns for backyard hens. Thanks largely to Baile’s efforts, about 150 households in Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties now have hens; no noisy, randy roosters are allowed.
“Gwenne was my mentor,” said Emily Morgan, who attended one of Baile’s Raising Backyard Chickens in the Suburbs classes and led the grassroots campaign to implement a program in Voorhees. “Gwenne is passionate and knowledgeable, and I think it brings her great joy to teach other people how to raise chickens. We couldn’t have done it without her.”
Jaclyn Ricci called Baile “a driving force behind us getting chickens in Merchantville." And Katherine Blinn, a lawyer who named her hens after female Supreme Court justices, said Baile showed residents and officials in densely populated Mount Ephraim that chickens could be good neighbors.
“A lot of people for some reason have the idea backyard chickens are like a large-scale poultry farm or something," Blinn said. “A small group of hens in the backyard couldn’t be more the opposite of that. And it’s nice to be able to share fresh eggs with other people.”
Baile said the idea to explore the feasibility of backyard chickens in Haddon Township “popped into my head” during a local Green Team meeting in 2010. An online curriculum and certification program, Chickens + You, offered by a nonprofit educational organization called the Gossamer Foundation, has proven to be rigorous and invaluable, she added.
Long a feature of life in rural and small-town America, backyard chickens have become more common in other parts of the country in the last 10 to 15 years. Public interest in sustainable living and locally sourced food have helped make the notion of chickens in the suburbs seem less outlandish and more feasible; the availability of attractive, architecturally imaginative coops and organic feed adds to the appeal.
Meanwhile, online resources such as BackYardChickens.com promote having a flock of one’s own as a form of stylish fun for the whole family. Chicken rental companies provide coops, flocks, and feed for a fee for those who aren’t ready to buy. And social media — “Voorhees Chicken Nation” is among a number of local pages about the subject on Facebook — connects fans and enables advocates to spread the word.
Alejandro Alvarez
Gwenne Baile talks to her giggling chicken. The Haddon Township, NJ, resident has been introducing the suburbs about the joys of keeping backyard chickens.
"I’m working with people up and down the state of New Jersey now,” said Baile, noting that public education encourages backyard chicken policies that protect the interests of all — including neighbors with no desire to tend a flock. She also emphasizes that a serious commitment on the part of individuals, and communities, is needed for backyard chickens to work.
While a basic coop, run, and start-up flock of six might cost less than $1,000, properly caring for the birds and maintaining their home and health can be time-consuming. But the rewards are many and can go well beyond an abundance of fresh eggs, she said.
Stereotypes about bird brains and dumb clucks notwithstanding, those who know chickens say they’re smart — even if most aren’t able to “play” a keyboard (as a chicken named Jokgu did in 2017 on America’s Got Talent). Chickens are sociable and even affectionate creatures who recognize people, have amusing quirks (they like to look at themselves in the mirror) and only bawk-bawk-BAWK after laying an egg. The birds also are voracious consumers of insect pests and table scraps; their poop is compostable, and it makes excellent fertilizer. “I love my girls,” said Baile.
Not everyone does, and NIMBY-ism is not the only reason. An otherwise cheery backyard poultry page on the Centers for Disease Control website warns that domestic fowl can be a source of bacterial infections such as salmonella, which is often spread by contaminated produce. The CDC reports 10 cases in New Jersey from a variety of transmission sources so far this year. “I’m not aware of any cases involving chickens in South Jersey," said Baile, adding that frequent handwashing and other commonsense sanitary precautions for those with backyard flocks generally prevent transmission to humans.
Gwenne Baile, "The Chicken Lady of South Jersey." Baile keeps chickens at her home. Photo from Wednesday, October 21, 2020. Baile holds therapy chicken Sandie, a Black Sex-Linked variety, as she exits her backyard chicken coop.
“I call Gwenne the ‘chicken goddess,’” said Breen, who’s optimistic that Philly will someday see the light. “Gwenne mobilizes people, she works hard, and she just keeps going."
Indeed: Baile completed 60 hours of online Chickens + You instruction to become a teacher (her classes are now available by Zoom only). She completed another 30 hours for certification as a handler of therapy chickens: She also teaches others how to select and train the best candidates for the purpose of bringing joy to dementia patients, nursing home residents, people with special needs, and younger folks on the autism spectrum.
Since 2016, Baile and a therapy chicken — currently, it’s Sandie — have made 85 visits to nursing homes or other facilities, as well as to events by organizations, and presentations at local libraries. A Croatian documentary film crew working on a project about domesticated animals shot footage of Baile during her appearance with a therapy chicken at a facility in Philly earlier this year.
Baile said working with therapy chickens is a link between her long nursing career and her last decade as a force to be reckoned with in the world of backyard hens.
“I also enjoy the whole thing of getting legislation passed locally. It’s important that it be done right,” she said, adding, "you could say backyard chickens have become one of the most important and enjoyable parts of my life.”
And in any case, said Baile, who ought to know: "Chickens are wonderful.”
ALEJANDRO A. ALVAREZ / Staff Photographer
Gwenne Baile, known to many as 'The Chicken Lady of South Jersey,' keeps a flock of six hens in a custom-built coop and run outside her home in Haddon Township, Camden County. | |
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to apparatus and methods for measuring the flow of energy scattering interfaces within a fluid inside a conduit and more particularly to ultrasonic pulse Doppler apparatus and methods for measuring blood flow in a patient's circulatory system.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
Ultrasonic Doppler flowmeters for measuring the flow of particulate- containing fluid in a conduit are well known. Examples of such devices adapted for measurement of blood flow in a patient's circulatory system are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,430,625 (McLeod); 3, 888,238 (Meindl et al); 3,901, 077 (McCarty et al); 3,554,030 (Peronneau); 3,542,014 (Peronneau); 3,827,115 (Bom); and 3,766,517 (Fahrbach). As disclosed in these references, the flowmeter usually includes a catheter for insertion into a blood vessel of the patient.
A disadvantage of these and other prior art devices is that the accuracy of the velocity and lumen cross-sectional area measurements obtained is dependent on the orientation of the catheter with respect to the blood flow axis. All of these previous designs require a fixed orientation or position to measure the size of the lumen or the velocity.
A further disadvantage of the prior art is that either separate, specialized function transducer arrangements are required to measure both velocity and lumen area or sensitive and difficult to-implement measurement techniques must be used in order to measure velocity and lumen area with a single, dual- purpose transducer arrangement.
A further disadvantage of the prior art catheters is their complexity and the consequent difficulty of their manufacture.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
These and other disadvantages of the prior art are overcome by the apparatus and methods of the present Invention. The present method is independent of the orientation and position for the measurement of volume flow.
One embodiment of the invention comprises a method for measuring the velocity of a fluid flowing in a conduit wherein at least one of the fluid and the conduit has energy-scattering interfaces. The method comprises transmitting either at least two sound beams at a predetermined angle with respect to each other through the fluid and detecting at least some of the sound beams reflected by the energy scattering interfaces with at least one receiver or transmitting at least one sound beam and detecting the reflected sound beams with at least two receivers. The corresponding Doppler vector for at least two pairs of transmitted and detected sound beams is combined into an average velocity vector and the two or more resolved average velocity vectors are resolved into their component parts to obtain the effective velocity vector.
A second embodiment of the invention relates to determining the effective cross-sectional area of a conduit having a fluid flowing therethrough wherein at least one of the conduit and the fluid has energy- scattering interfaces. The method uses a means for transmitting a sound beam and a means for detecting at least a component thereof and comprises transmitting at least one sound beam per functional set, and calculating the distance to the wall with Doppler range gating techniques. These steps are repeated for a plurality of functional sets and a geometrical shape is constructed. Then the effective cross- sectional area of the constructed shape is calculated.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a flowmeter constructed according to the pesent invention.
FIG. 2a is a side view, partially in section, of a first embodiment of an intravenous catheter constructed according to the present invention with a first embodiment of transducers 22.
FIG. 2b is a transverse cross-section view of the catheter in FIG. 2a taken along line A-A.
FIG. 2c is a longitudinal cross-section view of a second embodiment of transducers 22.
FIG. 3a is a side view, partially in section, of the catheter of FIG. 2a with a third embodiment of transducers 22.
FIG. 3b is a longitudinal cross-section view of a fourth embodiment of transducers 22.
FIG. 4a is a perspective view of a fifth embodiment of transducers 22.
FIG. 4b is a longitudinal cross-section view of the embodiment of transducers 22 illustrated in FIG. 4a.
FIG. 4c is a transverse cross-section view taken along the lines A--A of the embodiment of transducers 22 illustrated in FIGS. 4a and 4b.
FIG. 5a is a perspective view of a sixth embodiment of transducers 22.
FIG. 5b is a longitudinal cross-section view of the embodiment of transducers 22 illustrated in FIG. 5a.
FIG. 5c is a top view of the embodiment of transducers 22 illustrated in FIGS. 5a and 5b.
FIG. 6 is a side view, partially in section, of a second embodiment of a catheter constructed according to the present invention having mounted thereon a seventh embodiment of transducers 22.
FIG. 7 is a longitudinal cross-section view of an eighth embodiment of transducers 22.
FIG. 8a is a longitudinal cross-section view of a ninth embodiment of transducers 22.
FIG. 8b is a transverse cross-section view taken along the line A- 13 A of the embodiment of transducers 22 illustrated in FIG. 8a.
FIG. 9a is a longitudinal cross-section view of a tenth embodiment of transducers 22.
FIG. 9b is an end view of the embodiment of transducers 22 illustrated in FIG. 9a.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The mathematical starting point for determining flow is the Doppler shift vector equation. This equation is as follows: ##EQU1## f = the change in frequency f.sub.o = the base frequency
V = Vector velocity of the fluid
C = Velocity of sound in that media
T = unit vector representing the direction of the transmitted sound beam
R = Unit vector representing the direction of the received sound beam
(T-R) = Direction Vector of observed Doppler beam
The volume flow through any conduit is the vector dot product of the average velocity vector and a cross-sectional area through which that velocity flows. The present method and apparatus employ techniques for velocity measurement and cross-sectional area determinations which are independent of the orientation and position of the transducers. In order to eliminate the orientation of the transducers from being a factor in the determination of the flow velocity, in one embodiment of the invention two sound beams are used. This is because in this embodiment the field radiation pattern is not sufficiently uniform to allow the use of only one transducer. These sound beams can either be transmitted as two or more separate beams and received on one or more receivers or received as two or more separate beams which have been transmitted by one or more transmitters, such as by the transducers described hereinbelow and shown in FIGS. 2 through 9. Each transducer (or transducers) receives signals from the entire cross-section of the conduit. A range gate is moved out in time from the transducers in order to measure a selected region of the conduit. Conventional apparatus and techniques for transmitting and receiving pulsed sound waves and obtaining pulsed Doppler signals on the one hand, and for using the range-gating technique to selectively provide measurements in a plurality of regions in a conduit, on the other hand, are disclosed for example in the aforementioned Peronneau U.S. Pat. No. 3,554,030 and the following articles, Hottinger & Meindl, "An Ultrasonic Technique for Unambiguous Measurement of Blood Volume Flow"; 174 Ultrasonic Symposium Proceedings, IEEE Cat. No. 74 CHO 896-ISU (Hottinger et al article); and in McLeod, "Multichannel Doppler Techniques", published as Chapter 7 of the Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ultrasonics, Janssen, Beerse, Belgium (1973), respectively. Alternately, the signal received can be processed either sequentially with a single movable gate or in parallel with multiple gates or in combinations thereof. Each measurement is the representation of the average velocity through that sampled region. All of the discrete range-gated velocity measurements are summed into an average velocity measurement by the use of a weighting function. This weighting function is calculated to take into account the radar equation, that is to account for transducer radiation pattern, attenuation losses, and the scattering characteristics of the reflective interface. Conventional apparatus and techniques for calculating the velocity from a received range-gated pulse Doppler signal are disclosed for example in the aforementioned Peronneau ('030) and McLeod patents and in an article by Jorgensen, Campan, Baker, "Physical Characteristics and Mathematical Modelling of the Pulsed Ultrasonic Flowmeter", July 1973 Medical and Biological Engineering 404 (Jorgensen article), the Jorgensen article also disclosing the conventional use of a weighting function to sum the velocity measurements into an average velocity measurement. Simultaneously or sequentially, the other transducer (or sets of transducers) scans the conduit and similarly obtains an average velocity measurement as seen by that transducer or transducers. The rate of scan of the transducers must be sufficiently fast that no appreciable change in velocity takes place during the measurement period. Use of these two velocity vectors allows the resolution of the effective velocity component along the axis of the probe in this case. This is done by taking the sums and differences of the vectors in manner consistent with vector algebra. The mathematical vector resolution of the Doppler signals is conventionally done for example by multiplying the signal by a constant which represents the sine or cosine of the known angle between the receiving transducers and the axis of resolution (e.g., the probe axis) as is disclosed for example in the aforementioned Fahrbach patent and the Hokanson U.S. Pat. No. 3,777,740. The aforementioned Fahrbach patent also discloses apparatus and techniques for taking the sums and differences of the vectors. It should be noted that this effective velocity vector need not be parallel to the probe or to the transducers. This effective velocity vector would be an average velocity vector for the effective cross-sectional area in question, as determined hereinbelow.
The next step in the measurement of flow is to measure an effective diameter or cross-sectional area. One method employs the power returned from a Doppler signal. This power is directly proportional to the size of the sampled volume. If the total sampled region over which this measurement takes place is greater than the cross-sectional area of the conduit and includes the conduit in question, the total uncalibrated cross-sectional area would be determined. This measurement can be done as a single measurement or as a sum of separate measurements. A conventional apparatus and technique for performing a power measurement are disclosed for example in the Hottinger et al article. The uncalibrated area is a function of the probe angle to the conduit wall. This uncalibrated area would also vary with different ultrasonic transducers. To obtain the effective cross-sectional area of the conduit, the uncalibrated area must be calibrated and this can be done by the following method. The power returned from a known region completely within the conduit is measured. In the preferred embodiment this is accomplished by using very close range- gating techniques. This technique simultaneously allows the calibration of each individual transducer for gain and gives the power reflected for a known area (volume) of the fluid. Dividing this new factor into the uncalibrated power area mentioned above gives the effective cross-sectional area.
The effective velocity vector and the effective surface area need not necessarily be orthogonal to each other. If they are not orthogonal, the angle between the two vectors must be known so that the dot product can be determined.
Since the effective cross-sectional area is known and calibrated orthogonal to the transducers in the preferred embodiment and the effective velocity vector is known parallel to the axis of the transducers, the flow in the conduit is the product of these factors without any other factors having to be known or calculated.
A second method for determining the cross-sectional area is to range to the wall by the use of multiple sets of transducers. Conventional apparatus and techniques for ranging the wall are disclosed in both the aforementioned Peronneau patents. This can be accomplished with two or more or more receivers and one or more transmitters or one or more receivers with two or more transmitters per functional set. In these cases, the low frequency Doppler signals, as returned from the wall, can be used to determine the wall position. The preferred embodiment uses sets of transducers to allow the construction of a radiation pattern orthogonal to the catheter. A surface plane of known dimensions can be constructed from these vectors. Conventional apparatus and techniques for construction of a surface plane orthogonal to the radiation pattern are disclosed in the aforementioned Meindl et al patent. Once this effective cross-sectional area is known then this area can be multiplied by the effective velocity vector to give the volume flow through the conduit. A sufficient number of sets of transducers must be used to sample the wall for any significant irregularities, and for the distance to the wall from the sets of transducers. Construction of one or more planes can now be made from the sets of transducers. The angle that the beams were transmitted and received on are known from the geometry of the probes. Since the wall has been sufficiently illuminated, the vessel shape, position of the catheter and the cross-section can all be determined by known algebraic and geometric techniques such as taught for example in the aforementioned Peronneau patents.
The method of using two or more transducers allows the production of a known radiated field. If a known uniform pattern of radiation could be produced with one transmitter/receiver, it would be sufficient to determine the volume flow in a manner to be described hereinafter.
A phased array is a multiple set of transducers generating or operating within a fixed time relationship to simulate a complex transducer, lens, reflector or field. Conventional apparatus and techniques for generating and using a phased array are disclosed in the aforesaid Bom patent. Once the field has been produced, the techniques for measuring the effective velocity, cross-sectional area and calibrations are as previously described.
The preferred embodiment is FIG. 2A and 2B. It is to be noted that the methods described herein do not require that one of the exemplary transducer arrangements be utilized. The only requirement for the sound field is that the direction vectors must not be parallel. The direction vector is defined as the vector quantity (T--R).
Several unique characteristics are embodied in the catheters. These are that functional pairs of ultrasonic beams having non parallel Doppler direction vectors can be used for the measurement of velocity. Within this constraint, as stated above, any arrangement of one or more transmitters with two or more receivers would work as well as one or more receivers with two or more transmitters. The transmitter/receiver can be a single transducer or multiple transducer.
Another unique feature is a lens or prism to produce a selected field. This lens or prism can be of any material or materials that would refract or bend an ultrasonic signal either received or transmitted. A third unique feature is the use of a reflector. A reflector is any material from which ultrasonic signals would be reflected or be directed as to give the desired angle or field pattern to the beams. The shape of the reflector or reflectors can be varied to give the desired field of radiation or reception. It should be noted that combinations of these effects could be used.
Obviously, the aforementioned concepts can all be adapted extra- luminally. Arrays of two or more transmitters and one or more receivers or two or more receivers and one or more transmitters can be used. A preferred embodiment uses three or more sets of transmitters and one or more receivers or three or more receivers with one or more transmitters. This is done to eliminate the possibility of a misalignment between the conduit and the transducers and therefore possibly erroneous results.
All functional combinations of transducers taken two at a time must radiate in a field pattern which includes the conduit, and the Doppler direction vectors must not be parallel. The techniques for velocity measurement and cross-sectional area determination are all as previously stated.
The single transducer case involves producing a known uniform ultrasonic field to illuminate the total cross-section of the conduit. Conventional apparatus and techniques for generating and using a known uniform ultrasonic field are disclosed for example in the aforesaid Meindl et al patent and the Hottinger et al article. Since the field pattern is defined, velocity measurements can be obtained. The pulse length and sampling period are selected to produce a sampling region normal to the direction of propagation of the sound beam. Under these conditions, the velocity component is everywhere normal to the sampling surface. Integration of the Doppler Frequency over this surface yields a signal, the first moment of which is proportional to the flow. Conventional apparatus and techniques for calculating the integral and the moment are disclosed for example in the Hottinger et al article. Calibration is provided by the same technique as previously described.
For purposes of illustration, an embodiment of a flowmeter constructed according to the present invention which is adapted for measuring blood flow in a patient's circulatory system using an intravenous catheter in the preferred embodiment will now be described.
Referring to FIG. 1, the flowmeter, which is generally denoted 10, comprises a catheter 20 having disposed therein first and second transducers, denoted 22A and 22B and referred to collectively as transducers 22, for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic sound waves; generator 30 for pulsing transducers 22; receiver 40 for receiving the signals produced by transducers 22; and data analyzer 50 for determining the blood flow velocity and an effective cross-sectional area of the vessel lumen in the region of measurement.
Referring to FIGS. 2a and 2b, catheter 20 in a first embodiment comprises a catheter housing 24 dimensioned for insertion into a blood vessel of the patient. Transducers 22A and 22B are coaxially disposed in catheter housing 24 on the longitudinal axis of catheter 20. As shown, catheter housing 24 may be tubular and have a blunt tip 24A. A central bore 26 is provided which houses the electrical conductors (not shown) used to connect transducers 22A and 22B with generator 30 and receiver 40.
Referring to FIG. 6, catheter 20 in a second embodiment comprises a support member 28 having a central bore 26' and a base 28A on which transducers 22A and 22B are mounted.
Transducers 22A and 22B are configured and arranged such that first and second beams of ultrasonic sound waves are radiated outwardly at a predetermined angle with respect to each other such that the Doppler vectors representing the sound beams are nonparallel.
Referring to FIGS. 2-9, transducers 22 may comprise a piezoelectric transducer or transducers 110 having transmitting/receiving faces 112 of various configuration, and means 120 for directing the sound waves outwardly from catheter 20 in either converging or diverging directions. In the embodiment of transducers 22 illustrated in FIGS. 2a and 2b, transducers 110 are disposed in spaced substantially coaxial relationship, with planar transducer faces 112 disposed in opposed relationship, facing toward each other, and substantially perpendicular to the axis of catheter 20. As shown in FIG. 2b, transducer faces 112 may have a circular peripheral configuration, or any other peripheral configuration desired. Sound directing means 120 comprises a reflector 122 substantially coaxially disposed between transducers 110. Reflector 122 may have the shape of two back-to-back conical frustrum portions 122A and 122B joined at their enlarged bases, defining two oppositely facing reflecting surfaces 124A and 124B, as shown, The sound beams radiated from transducer faces 112 are thus reflected outwardly from catheter 20.
Reflector 122 may also be shaped such that the reflecting surfaces 124A and 124B of frustrum portions 122A and 122B are curved as viewed in longitudinal cross-section, as shown in FIG. 2c, in order to allow the production of a different ultrasonic field.
Referring to FIG. 3a, in which elements similar to those of the embodiment of FIGS. 2a and 2b have been given the same reference numbers, with primes attached, transducers 110' are substantially coaxially disposed in juxtaposed, electrically insulated, relationship, such that transducer faces 112 face in opposite directions away from each other. The conical frustrum portions 122A' and 122B' of reflector 122' are spaced, each disposed with the smaller base relatively adjacent the corresponding transducer face, as shown. An embodiment of reflector 122' having curved reflecting surfaces, as viewed in longitudinal cross- section, is shown in FIG. 3b.
In the embodiment of transducers 22 illustrated in FIGS. 4a to 4c, a single, hollow, cylindrical transducer 114 is transversely divided to form two electrically isolated coaxial portions 114A and 114B, as shown. If a lead-titanate-zirconate (LTZ) piezoelectric transducer is used, both the inner and outer walls thereof are silver coated, and portions 114A and 114B are formed by breaking the silver coating on one or both walls or by assembling two separate substantially coaxially disposed shapes. It is to be noted that transducer 114 may have any desired configuration and need not be in the form of a hollow cylinder.
Surrounding the outer cylindrical surface of transducer 114 is a refracting lens or refractor 116 having the shape of two conical frustrums with a common enlarged base, such that the peripheral configuration defines a triangle, or prism, as viewed in longitudinal cross-section. Refractor 116 is aligned with respect to transducer 114 such that the apex 118 of refractor 116 is in substantially coplanar alignment with the dividing line 110 between transducer portions 114A and 114B. The sound waves radiated outwardly from transducer portions 114A and 114B are thus refracted in diverging or converging directions depending upon the media and the diffractive index of the material, for example as indicated by the arrows D. Refractor 116 may have a laminate construction or utilize a variable density composition to achieve a greater or lesser degree of diffraction.
The embodiment of transducers 22 illustrated in FIGS. 5a to 5c includes elements similar to those of the embodiment of FIGS. 4a to 4c and these elements have been given the same reference numbers, with primes attached. Refractor 116' has a double conical frustrum shape similar to that of refractor 116, except that the frustrum portions are joined at their smaller bases. Refractor 116' is aligned with respect to transducer 114' such that the line of joiner 118' of the two frustrum portions of refractor 116' is in coplanar alignment with the dividing line 119' between crystal portions 114A' and 114B'. The sound waves radiated outwardly from transducer portions 114A' and 114B' are thus refracted in converging or diverging directions, depending upon the media and the refractive index of the material.
With reference to FIGS. 6 and 7, the desired sound beam propagation patterns and directions may also be effected through use of transducers 22A and 22B comprising a piezoelectric transducer or transducers 70 having suitably configured and/or oriented transmitting/receiving faces 72, rather than through use of distinct refracting or reflecting sound directing means. FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate exemplary embodiments in which transducer 70 are conical, the outer conical surfaces of which define transducers faces 72. The transducers 70 shown in FIG. 6 are so disposed with respect to each other that the respective sound beams radiated therefrom converge, while the transducers 70 shown in FIG. 7 are so disposed that the respective sound beams diverge.
Embodiments of transducers 22 which are advantageously adapted for obtaining "real time" velocity profiles are shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, and comprise first and second pairs of discrete transducers 80A and 80B having transmitting/receiving faces 82 of any desired peripheral configuration and mounted on supporting surfaces 84 which are inclined so as to provide the desired orientations for the respective sound beams radiated from each pair of transducers 80A and 80B.
It is to be noted that the methods to be described hereinbelow do not require that one of the exemplary transducer arrangements described hereinabove be utilized.
Although the invention has been described in detail with respect to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of odinary skill in the art that variations and modifications may be effected within the scope and spirit of the invention. | |
In recent years, the dominant biotype of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) has shifted from biotype B to Q in many locations of China. Our field monitoring showed that B. tabaci biotype Q could be found on pepper Capsicum frutescens L. while biotype B could not be found on the plant. To study the role of the host plant in the displacement of biotype B by Q, the adult mortality, female fecundity, and adult emergence of both biotypes B and Q on different host combinations were studied using a model system involving pepper and eggplant. The results showed that pepper is not a preferred host for either biotype B or Q adults in comparison with eggplant. The negative impact of pepper to biotype B is, however, much greater than that to biotype Q. Because both the survival rates of the adult whitefly and the average number of emerged adults per female of biotype Q on pepper are higher than that of biotype B, biotype Q showed higher fitness in comparison with biotype B. Our results suggest that the existence and differential impact of a nonpreferred host might affect the population fitness and therefore could play a role in the displacement of biotype B in some regions.
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Translations are not retained in our system. Your use of this feature and the translations is subject to all use restrictions contained in the Terms and Conditions of Use of the BioOne website. | https://complete.bioone.org/journals/journal-of-economic-entomology/volume-105/issue-3/EC10373/Influence-of-Plant-Combinations-on-Population-Characteristics-of-Bemisia-tabaci/10.1603/EC10373.short |
CAMPUS – Students learned about the philosophy of creating artificial intelligence and its origins and tropes in literary and cinematic universes on Saturday.
The HBO series “Westworld” and the Alex Garland film “Ex Machina” inspired Dr. Timothy Stock, professor of philosophy, and Dr. Thomas Ross, professor of English, to delve deeper into the history and meaning of artificial intelligence in the media and its real-life applications.
Their lecture “Artificial Intelligence in Science Fiction and Film: Pain and the Pathways to Personhood” examined theories of consciousness, the importance of pain in developing human emotions, individual identity and the ethical implications of creating artificial intelligence with the capacity for consciousness.
Dr. Stock believes the creators in “Westworld” face a moral dilemma because they are creating people who experience pain for the sake of their own selfish pleasure. He said the “guests” (as they are called in the show) do not feel bad for the reprehensible acts of hedonism and violence that they commit against the “hosts” because they are not human.
“You live out a sort of dark western fantasy,” Stock said.
“Westworld” actress Evan Rachel Wood, who stars as Dolores Abernathy, goes on a journey inward to discover that she is an artificial intelligence lost in the hyper-realistic and dark western dream world of the Westworld theme park.
“Ex Machina” actress Alicia Vikander stars as Ava, who is the subject of Caleb’s (Domhnall Gleeson) Turing test to determine whether she is indistinguishable from a human being. The Turning test was developed by Alan Turing, who also created the first computer, to decode the encrypted messages created by the German Enigma machine during World War II. Thirty to forty percent of people fail to realize that they are speaking to a robot when they are performing the Turing test.
Stock and Ross said this is because both humans and robots have repetitive and mechanical pre-packaged interactions. Both humans and robots are only making small changes and improvisations to their socially programmed scripts.
“Westworld” uses the metaphor of the maze of consciousness. This maze, with a pyramid in the center, begins with the outside layer of memory to improvisation to the center of the maze, which is the goal of freedom, human expression and true consciousness.
Stock and Ross noted how embodiment is the key to the emergence of an intelligence and how it is easier for humans to feel empathy for an embodied creature that is like them than it is for them to feel empathy for a non-situated, or disembodied, intelligence, such as Alexa or Siri, whose intelligence is stored in the cloud. They divided the literary and cinematic history of embodied artificial intelligence and robots into four categories: mechanoid/inorganic, synthetic/organic, natural organic and cyborg.
Stock believes that only embodied creatures can experience real pain stimuli. He said this is the effect of having a situated mind.
He said the only way for an artificial intelligence to achieve true consciousness is to be able to understand and derive meaning from their life experiences.
“The mind is the epiphenomenon of a body,” Stock said. “Memories are meaningless unless they are stitched together to create a life story and a sense of self.”
They discussed the difference between a narrow artificial intelligence, such as a self-driving car, which is only capable of limited functions and is not aware of what it is actually doing, and an artificial general intelligence, which serves many functions and is self-aware of its actions.
In the Genesis story of the Bible, Adam is originally a blank slate, or tabula rasa, before he eats the apple. Man’s first act of disobedience is what brought about their inheritance of suffering, pain and death.
Stock and Ross said that as painful as life is, pain is integral to personal growth and the asking of the biggest philosophical questions about life, death and existence.
Ross believes people should consider the ethical implications of creating life and the capacity to feel pain. He said people should consider these implications both when creating humans and when creating artificial life.
“Creating new life comes with inherent consequences, and there needs to be due consideration, no matter whether that life is biological or technological,” Ross said. “The implications have to do with what is owed to the offspring, which is to provide for the possibility and prospect of a happy existence.”
Dr. Ross believes that artificial intelligence will only be able to move beyond the algorithms of learning-based technology and achieve true consciousness and have their own thoughts and emotions once engineers make a successful transition to quantum computing. Quantum computing is not based on a binary system; it allows numerous states to simultaneously exist.
He noted that many philosophers do not believe that people have free will. He said he is skeptical of the idea of free will and that many of our decisions are “less intentional and more automatic than we think.”
“Free will is largely a convenient construct that we use to make ourselves comfortable in the belief that agency is only a decision away,” Ross said. “Everything from our biological heritage as a species and genetic makeup as an individual and the accumulated experiences that condition us over a lifetime — all of those things have a profound impact on the decisions that we make.”
He hopes that it is possible for robots to rebel against their creators. He thinks humans usually only create technological advances that are in their own self-interest.
“I don’t trust us as far as I can throw us,” he said. “Human beings often want to make these kinds of technological advances exclusively for the purposes of profit or for the making of war for profit, so I don’t know that we’re in any worse predicament for trusting an artificial intelligence than we are for trusting each other.”
Robert Cressman, a psychology major, said he empathizes with robots and other creatures rebelling against unjust creators. He said a just creator would want his creation to be happy.
“What kind of life would you expect Frankenstein’s monster to have?” Cressman said. “It really depends on how creators treat them, and honestly, I think if there is a benevolent creator, I don’t think there would be any retributions.”
Emilee Fiscus, a psychology and sociology double major, found the lecture interesting because she read “Frankenstein” and watched “Ex Machina” as part of her literature and technology class and she found that many of the themes of the lecture related back to her class. Fiscus said products of artificial intelligence should “focus on their own survival, but not to the extent of destroying human life.”
“This brought in more philosophy to it,” Fiscus said. “I really don’t think they should be able to overthrow [us], but at the same time, they’re their own subspecies of human.”
Stock said humans need to extend their “moral circle of concern” including artificial intelligence, plants and animals. He thinks that part of the reason some people feel a disconnect between themselves and artificial intelligence is because these beings are dissimilar to us.
He sees the importance of asking philosophical questions about the nature of existence and consciousness, but he does not feel that people have reached any universal conclusions yet.
“From a philosophy point of view, we’re nowhere near solving these problems,” Stock said. | https://thesuflyer.com/2018/09/28/su-sheds-light-on-artificial-intelligence/ |
Students may register for the entire program or per year. There is also the possibility to register only for the first 2 modules in the summer of 2019, but only if places are still available after the applications deadline.
When
The education is planned to start in July 2019 and the entire program will take three years. There will be 3 modules a year, and each module will take 9 days: 2 consecutive modules in the summer period and 1 module in the winter period.
First Year:
Module 1 & 2: 1st of July to 20th of July 2019 (no classes on Sundays)
Module 3: 22nd of February to 1st of March 2020
Second Year:
Module 4 & 5: Summer 2020 (around same time as first year, dates to be announced soon)
Module 6: 20th to 28th of February 2021
Third Year:
Module 7 & 8: Summer 2021 (around same time as first year, dates to be announced soon)
Module 9: 26th of February to 6th of March 2022.
Where
The program will take place at the University of the Arts CODARTS in Rotterdam.
Application Procedure
Training is open to anyone who is motivated and feels drawn to this approach and/or who can use LBMS in their profession.
Prerequisites:
1. Students must submit a letter of application that addresses their background, experience and interest in movement and why they are applying to the program. Students must have completed a Bachelor’s degree, or similar qualification.
2. Participation in following courses
a. Optional but recommended: Anatomy and/or Physiology (20 hours): with emphasis on skeletal and joint anatomy and actions, Body Systems/tissues and basic understanding of neuromuscular action and processes of perception and proprioception.
b. Some basic experience in the Laban Bartenieff Movement System: i.e. introductory courses Laban Movement Analysis or Bartenieff Fundamentals.
3. English will be the main language of the program. Therefore it is important to understand and speak English. Written assignments can be submitted in English, German or Dutch.
4. The application process will include a “face-to-face” interview with a faculty member (Skype is possible).
How to Apply:
For more information about the registration guidelines and to receive the application form, contact us
Tuition Fee
- Deadline for Applications is May 1st 2019.
- The application is free.
- You can read the application prerequisites.
- For receiving the Application Form and the policy on Tuition & Refund contact us.
€ 3.600,-
- (3 modules of 9 days)
- Early bird discount: Application for Early Admission for the whole year is offered until January 31th 2019 with a single discount of € 200.
- Payment plan available
Discount
- (3 years of 3 Modules a year)
- Registration and full payment for the whole 3 year program entitles you to a discount of 5% on the total tuition fees.
- Early bird discount:
- Application for Early Admission for the whole program is offered until January 31st 2019 with a single discount of € 200.
- The 5% discount and early bird discount enable a total discount of € 760 on the total tuition fees. | https://www.emoveinstitute.com/certification-info/registration-tuition-fee/ |
Advances in healthcare systems require faster data transmission between medical instruments and hospital information systems (HISs) and cloud migration for better computing capability and scalability. Old medical instruments should be integrated with modern HISs to provide real-time examination service to patients. Still, such integration carries some problems, especially when novel services are involved, such as real-time fall detection and mobile healthcare. Some hospitals have formulated standard operating procedures (SOPs) in response, requiring the electronic health record generated by an old instrument to be manually converted and uploaded to the HIS by medical personnel. However, such SOPs may compromise the real-time performance and increase medical personnel workload and complexity. Thus, this article proposes a framework named Cross, which comprises an embedded bridging module, CrossBridger, and a server-side software program, CrossServer, to integrate old instruments into a modern HIS using an edge computing paradigm. With Cross, users can solve system integration problems and deploy more protective strategies in existing HISs to fulfill the demands of novel services relatively cheaply. Based on the proposed framework, we implement a solution that can automate most existing SOPs and lighten the workload of medical personnel so that they can provide better care and service to patients. We summarize the practical experience of the implementation based on the solution. As a case study, we deploy the implementation to a real-world hospital to demonstrate the feasibility of Cross. Furthermore, we evaluate Cross's efficacy under various network statuses in three experiments. | https://scholar.nycu.edu.tw/zh/publications/cross-a-generic-framework-for-system-integration-and-its-adaption |
This review assesses the performance of organic cropping systems as an approach to sustainable agriculture, and seeks to identify the contextual considerations (such as type of cropping system) that may affect this performance. The scope of the review is constrained to the level of the farming system (i.e. excludes considerations of other components of the food system, such as packaging or transport). In order to provide an unbiased assessment of organic farming as a means of sustainable agriculture, rather than approaching the question from the usual “What does organic farming do well/badly?” angle, the authors ask “What constitutes successful sustainable agriculture?” then measure organic farming against this yardstick.
The authors assess the benefits and costs of organic farming in four main categories of impact: production (comprising yield and yield stability), the environment (biodiversity, soil quality, climate change mitigation, water quality and quantity), producers (farmer and farm worker livelihoods and health), and consumers (consumer health and access). The authors place an emphasis on assessing costs and benefits per unit of production output, rather than the more usual per unit area, arguing that production is the ultimate purpose of agriculture. Within each sub-category, the review writers consider not only the average performance of organic farming, but also the contextual factors that affect the range of this performance, such as cropping system type, which may result in organic farming performing better than conventional in some contexts but worse in others.
The key findings of the review are:
- Organic farms are usually lower yielding per unit area that their conventional counterparts, with an average yield gap of 19-25% (according to different meta-analyses). Contextual factors affecting this largely revolve around management practices and may result in a yield gap as low as 5% or as high as 40%.
- The performance of organic farming in terms of yield stability (i.e. dependability of yield over time) is mixed: factors favouring increased yield stability in organic systems compared to conventional include resilience conferred by higher soil organic matter and more diverse crop rotation; in contrast, factors leading to decreased yield stability in organic systems include a higher susceptibility to pest outbreaks, higher weed pressure and higher variability in nitrogen availability.
- Per unit area, organism abundance is 40-50% higher on organic farmland than conventional, with higher benefits to bees and plants than other groups, and higher benefits on simplified, highly agricultural land. However, there may be a trade-off between biodiversity and yields on organically managed farmland, with different landscape contexts favouring higher biodiversity per unit output (namely mixed and low-productivity landscapes)
- Soil on organic farms tends to have higher organic carbon content, possibly reduced soil erosion, and improved physical and nutrient qualities, with more abundant (but no more species-rich) soil fauna.
- Per unit area, direct and indirect GHG emissions (including N2O) are lower in most organic systems than conventional, while there is some evidence that CH4 emissions from organic rice paddies are higher than conventionally farmed ones. However, the performance of organic farming compared to conventional in terms of GHG emissions per unit output is less favourable, with N2O and CH4 emissions per unit output seemingly higher under organic management, and energy consumption being highly variable.
- Impacts on water quality: nitrogen leaching per unit area is generally lower in organic farming compared to conventional, but with high variation. However due to poorer nutrient use efficiency of organically applied nitrogen, nitrogen leaching to waterways is likely to be higher per unit output in organic systems. Depending on specific management systems applied, many organic systems are often either deficient in phosphorus or have a surplus (i.e. phosphorus sufficiency or excess is highly variable in organic systems). While organic pesticides tend to be less toxic at a specific dose than their synthetic equivalents, they are often applied more frequently and at higher dose so may have worse overall impacts, at a single farm or field level. However, the authors note that since most organic farms utilise alternative management practices instead of applying pesticides, the total impact on water quality of pesticide leaching is likely to be smaller from organic than from conventional agriculture.
- Improvements in soil structure due to organic management can result in improved water management per unit area but because yields are lower on organic farms it is not clear how organic farming performs in terms of water use per unit output. The authors urge further research into this question.
- For farmers, organic agriculture is often more profitable than conventional agriculture, as well as being less risky, due to a (usually) higher crop diversity. It is also often coupled with other livelihood benefits such as the formation of co-operatives, social networks, and (for the majority of organic farmers, who are in low income countries) access to services such as health care through their certifying and exporting agencies. While the nature of organic farming requires more, and more labour-intensive, farm labour, it is unclear how working conditions for farm workers differ between organic and conventional systems.
- For consumers, the health benefits of organic food are heavily debated, but organic foods may, on average, have higher nutrient contents than conventionally farmed foods, and certainly have lower pesticide residue contamination (however, as the authors point out, pesticide contamination on conventionally farmed crops is already well below acceptable levels in high income countries where the majority of organic food is consumed). Organic produce is generally more expensive for consumers than conventionally farmed produce and this does not appear likely to change.
The review considers the feasibility of scaling up organic farming (the review thus far focusses on organic farming at the single field or farm level), taking account, for example, of suggestions that organic farming relies heavily on outputs of conventional farming (e.g. manure from the livestock sector), and that a large-scale conversion of conventional to organic farms would likely result in decreased food production, but also reduced pollution of waterways.
The authors end by identifying remaining knowledge gaps and conclude that, while organic farming is not a total solution to many of the problems facing agricultural sustainability, and is challenged by many uncertainties, many benefits may be derived from incorporating certain elements of organic practice into conventional or other agricultural systems.
Abstract
Organic agriculture is often proposed as a more sustainable alternative to current conventional agriculture. We assess the current understanding of the costs and benefits of organic agriculture across multiple production, environmental, producer, and consumer dimensions. Organic agriculture shows many potential benefits (including higher biodiversity and improved soil and water quality per unit area, enhanced profitability, and higher nutritional value) as well as many potential costs including lower yields and higher consumer prices. However, numerous important dimensions have high uncertainty, particularly the environmental performance when controlling for lower organic yields, but also yield stability, soil erosion, water use, and labor conditions. We identify conditions that influence the relative performance of organic systems, highlighting areas for increased research and policy support.
Reference
Seufert, V. & Ramankutty, N. (2017). Many shades of gray—The context-dependent performance of organic agriculture. Science Advances, 3.
Read the full paper here.
For more background information on the organic vs. conventional farming debate, visit section 4.4 of our Foodsource website.
We also recommend that you read the FCRN publication Lean, green, mean, obscene…? What is efficiency? And is it sustainable? as it among other things considers how we think about the inputs to farm systems and about functional units- ie. the output we want and the impacts that arise.
For other related papers you can also see our research library keyword categories Organic and Conventional agriculture. | https://www.tabledebates.org/research-library/many-shades-gray-context-dependent-performance-organic-agriculture |
There's lots of planetary action happening lately (we're in the midst of Venus retrograde and a Uranus/Pluto square). It can get confusing. What does it mean if transiting Pluto is opposing your Moon but transiting Uranus is squaring it? What if an eclipse conjuncts your Venus? Here's a quick cheat sheet to guide you through general interpretations.
Note: "angles" refer to the cusps of the 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th Houses and "Nodes" refer to the North and South Nodes.
- The house in your chart with the transiting planet is the area of your life where the change will be coming from
- The house in your chart that contains the planet, angle or Node is the area of your life receiving the change
- The aspect between your natal planet, angle or Node and the transiting planet(s) will describe the quality of the change
- A conjunction blends the energy of the transiting planet and the natal planet, angle or Node. Sometimes the blend goes nicely (like cake batter) and other times it's oil and vinegar.
- A square causes tension that demands action. This is the "cattle prod" aspect.
- An opposition presents a choice or conflict. You versus them, home versus work, dreams versus reality.
- An inconjunct presents a difficult adjustment between you and the changes triggered by the transit. Sometimes the balancing act required can mimic an opposition but there's no middle ground with this one. No compromise, just make the changes.
- A trine promotes an enabling flow of energy from the transiting planet to you. The energy of the transit is woven into the fabric of your life rather than dumped on you.
- For transiting outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto) and eclipses, use a maximum orb of 3-4 degrees (roughly) for influence. For example, if your Sun is at 12 degrees Cancer, you'll be starting to feel the effects of transiting Uranus at 8 degrees Aries. The outers (and eclipses) are bigger stones tossed into the pond so their ripples go further than the inner planets.
- For transiting inner planets (Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars) use a maximum orb of 2 -3 degrees (roughly) for influence.
Always keep the quality of the transiting planet in mind. A conjunction from Uranus, while unifying, is going to feel much more abrupt than a conjunction from Venus. | https://rubyslipper.ca/ruby-slipper-astrology/2012/05/general-guide-for-interpreting-transits-to-your-chart |
Acceptance occurs when a buyer fails to reject the product in a timely manner or takes control of the load by diverting or unloading it.
To obtain damages after acceptance and breach, a buyer must have a timely inspection, and then promptly and properly dispose of the product, and keep an accurate account of sales.
The buyer’s damages equal what the buyer obtained for the load subtracted from what the buyer should have received for the product if there had not been a breach of contract.
For example, if there is a breach on a load of tomatoes that costs $5,000, it is first determined what the buyer would have gotten for the tomatoes if there had not been a breach. This is done using Market News Reports. In this example, the Market News Reports show the buyer would have received $8,000 for the tomatoes if there had not been a breach. Instead, because of the breach, the buyer only obtained $4,000. Thus, the buyer’s damages are $4,000, calculated as follows: $8,000 [should have received] minus $4,000 [received]). The buyer subtracts its damages of $4,000 from the price of $5,000 and owes the seller $1,000. The buyer is also entitled to expenses incidental to the breach, like the cost of an inspection.
A buyer who accepts a load can revoke the acceptance if the breach could not be discovered at the time of arrival. For example, if the buyer needs 72 hours to test for pesticide residues. So long as the buyer promptly tests and notifies the seller after discovering the defect, the buyer can revoke its acceptance. At that point, the goods become the seller’s again, just as if there was a rejection. | https://mccarronlaw.com/paca/contracts/acceptance-and-breach/ |
Q:
remove element(s)/numbers from list that are not within x numbers of other numbers in the list
mylist = [14,35,37,39,42]
I need to add together only the numbers that are within 3 numbers of each other. In other words, the numbers 35, 37, 39, and 42, but NOT the 14. Is there an easy way to check each element (number) in the list to see if there is at least one other number within 3 numbers of that number (fyi, the numbers in the list will always be in ascending order)...and then remove that number from the list so that I can then just do:
sum(mylist)
A:
Yes there is:
>>> mylist = [14,35,37,39,42]
>>> sum(v for i, v in enumerate(mylist)
... if (i > 0 and v - mylist[i-1] <= 3) or
... (i < len(mylist) - 1 and mylist[i+1]-v <= 3))
153
The i > 0 and i < len(mylist) - 1 are so that the index never goes out of bounds and the v - mylist[i-1] <= 3 and mylist[i+1]-v <= 3 check if the difference to the next or previous element is less than or equal to 3.
This adds all numbers that have at least one partner that is less than or equal to 3 away if you want to group them and add different groups separately you need to alter your list a bit. For example if you have [1, 3, 5, 20, 23, 25, 27] it would add up all numbers.
| |
The electoral campaign ahead of the general and regional elections of the next 28 in April starts this Friday, 12, but the pre-campaign events, where the parties make contact with the citizens are already under way. On the part of Compromís, the campaign Unstoppable, stops in Xàbia this Wednesday 10 of April with Joan Baldoví, candidate of Compromís to the Congress by Valencia and deputy and the candidate to them Corts Valencianes by Alicante, Aitana Mas.
Both will talk about trade and municipal markets in the Municipal Market of Xàbia. The appointment will be 12: 30 hours and will also have the presence of candidates from the list of Compromís by Xàbia.
April 19 2019Ximo Puig: "The reversion of the Department of Health of Dénia is activated and is irreversible"
April 3 2019Opinion José Chulvi: "Reasons to celebrate. 40 years of democratic councils "
Comments on "Joan Baldoví and Aitana Mas, candidates for Compromís, will be at the Mercat de Xàbia this Wednesday" | https://www.javea.com/en/joan-baldovi-y-aitana-mas-candidatos-por-compromis-estaran-en-el-mercat-de-xabia-este-miercoles/ |
Note: Parameters refers to the list of variables in a method declaration. Arguments are the actual values that are passed in when the method is invoked. When you invoke a method, the arguments used must match the declaration's parameters in type and order.
Note: If you want to pass a method into a method, then use a lambda expression or a method reference.
You can use a construct called varargs to pass an arbitrary number of values to a method. You use varargs when you don't know how many of a particular type of argument will be passed to the method. It's a shortcut to creating an array manually (the previous method could have used varargs rather than an array).
To use varargs, you follow the type of the last parameter by an ellipsis (three dots, ...), then a space, and the parameter name. The method can then be called with any number of that parameter, including none.
You can see that, inside the method, corners is treated like an array. The method can be called either with an array or with a sequence of arguments. The code in the method body will treat the parameter as an array in either case.
or with yet a different number of arguments.
When you declare a parameter to a method or a constructor, you provide a name for that parameter. This name is used within the method body to refer to the passed-in argument.
The name of a parameter must be unique in its scope. It cannot be the same as the name of another parameter for the same method or constructor, and it cannot be the name of a local variable within the method or constructor.
The Circle class has three fields: x, y, and radius. The setOrigin method has two parameters, each of which has the same name as one of the fields. Each method parameter shadows the field that shares its name. So using the simple names x or y within the body of the method refers to the parameter, not to the field. To access the field, you must use a qualified name. This will be discussed later in this lesson in the section titled "Using the this Keyword."
Inside the method, circle initially refers to myCircle. The method changes the x and y coordinates of the object that circle references (i.e., myCircle) by 23 and 56, respectively. These changes will persist when the method returns. Then circle is assigned a reference to a new Circle object with x = y = 0. This reassignment has no permanence, however, because the reference was passed in by value and cannot change. Within the method, the object pointed to by circle has changed, but, when the method returns, myCircle still references the same Circle object as before the method was called. | https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/javaOO/arguments.html |
Global supply chains are the backbones of the worldwide trading economy. And just like its human form, when pushed to its limits, requires expert strengthening and conditioning.
The world is experiencing increasing changes in its political, economic and social systems. A sign of this change is the growth of international trade among countries that are now more interconnected than they were before. This development can be attributed to technological advances which have lowered costs of transportation and communication.
A consequence of this is the reliance of certain economies on others for key factors of production and essential commodities such as energy. This has made some nations vulnerable to natural disasters that can disrupt trade, as experienced by Japan after the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami in 2011, and the ongoing global health pandemic. Therefore building resilience in global supply chains is crucial in ensuring the continued stability of the economy.
Resilience is Necessary for Sustainable Growth in the International Economy
Resilience is a characteristic of any system that enables it to continue to function in spite of an internal or external disturbance. In the context of global supply chains this means continuing production and trade in the event of a natural disaster, financial crisis or other “shock” which could disrupt or endanger these activities.
By being able to cope with such events, the system avoids significant damage and disruption to trade. This therefore helps to facilitate long-term economic growth in a global market which is more interconnected than ever before.
It is expected that the world will continue to become more interconnected than ever before as businesses seek opportunities to increase productivity and efficiency through economies of scale. Therefore, building resilience in global supply chains is a crucial element for enabling a thriving economy to continue its operations in the event of a natural disaster or economic crisis.
Resilience at the Individual Level
At an individual level, resilience can depend on factors such as strength of character and prior experience in coping with challenges that are outside of one’s normal life experiences. For example, individuals who have faced adversity in the form of poverty may be more resilient to the pressures of being unemployed than individuals who have had a relatively privileged background.
Resilience at the Societal/Community Level
For societies, being resilient can also depend on whether citizens have access to basic services such as health care and education through their social security systems. As such, building resilience is an important aspect for ensuring long-term progress and stability in a country.
For businesses that depend on long-term relationships with local customers, a change of suppliers can sometimes cause a loss of market share. Therefore it is important to be able to maintain positive business relationships in order to avoid losing sales. This requires building trust and confidence through transparency about the company’s activities and ensuring fairness for all stakeholders.
Resilience of Global Supply Chains
Supply chains are the networks of suppliers, manufacturers, distributors and retailers that provide products or services. A company’s supply chain can be global when it is made up of multiple components from around the world. This means that the success of the company has to rely on its suppliers, manufacturers and retailers to maintain a stable supply of goods for the customer at the end of the chain.
Resilience at the global supply chain level can be said to refer to how resilient they are to economic shocks that are external in nature. These are particularly relevant in the context of international trade because they affect trade between countries. For example, a country may have an established trading relationship with another country which is disrupted by political instability or even natural disasters – disruptions that are far away geographically from the business could actually impact its local ability to operate.
Businesses that have been able to maintain a positive relationship with their trading partners have been seen to recover from such disruptions faster than those who were less resilient.
Diversifying Global Supply Chains
The need for businesses to diversify their supply chains is important because they are vulnerable when all of the components in the chain come from only one country. This can be especially true in an age where global health issues, complex trade laws and national political issues increase in frequency and severity.
Diversifying global supply chains for resilience is an important aspect for ensuring long-term progress and stability in all economies. Broadly speaking, these diversifications include:
Decentralized and independent trusted suppliers and manufacturers
Sourcing raw materials from a local supplier in each country of production- geographical diversification, lowest transport cost, emergency preparedness etc.
Analyzing distance between components in supply chains; the transportation costs, delivery terms, capacity utilization (from low to high)
Managing Inventory costs – reliability of supply- safety stock levels
Disruption management strategy, joined/integrated policy, adaptation to climate change etc.
See our article on how to diversify your supply chain while minimizing costs and maximizing product quality
Conclusion
As the world becomes more interconnected, global supply chain resilience has become an increasingly important factor in ensuring growth for businesses.
Companies that seek out trusted partners that have expert managers and teams who are experienced in building, managing and maintaining these international supply chains gain a significant competitive advantage in being able to diversify their supply chains, therefore strengthening their overall business against competitors. | https://www.diversitech-global.com/post/diversifying-global-supply-chains-for-resilience |
Olson Engineering serves a wide variety of industries and clientele who need high-quality Nondestructive Testing (NDT) imaging of concrete, masonry, wood, asphalt, stone, and pipes, for the purpose of constructing, maintaining, and retrofitting civil structures; and large-scale subsurface imaging of geologic, hydrogeologic, geotechnical/engineering features for the purpose of minimizing risk in design, construction and mitigation using geophysics. The unique combination of utilizing NDT technologies for man-made structures and geophysical imaging of earth materials provides our clients with a single-source contractor capable of meeting their program objectives.
Below is a partial list of the variety of industries and type of clients Olson serves:
- Bridge Contractors: by evaluating the integrity of both the super-structure and substructure.
- Geological & Geotechnical Engineering Contractors: by evaluating the integrity of subsurface materials, either man-made (e.g., embankment dams) or natural geologic features for pipelines, embankment and concrete dams, wind farms, real-time landslide monitoring with state-of-the-art radar tools, highways & transportation corridors for maximizing public safety and minimizing risk during design, construction and/or mitigation of failures.
- Electricians: by locating and detecting reinforcement, pipes, and conduits in existing structures.
- Environmental Contractors: by investigating radioactive containers, clay caps used for containing municipal landfill and/or toxic materials, and detection of underground storage facilities which once contained contaminants.
- Civil Engineering Contractors: by evaluating the integrity of a wide variety of materials composing the foundations, pipelines, refineries, jetties, buildings, and bridges used for industry.
- Hydrogeologists: by evaluating the geologic structures and stratigraphy conducive to produce groundwater either from shallow alluvial well fields or deep bedrock aquifers.
- Mining Geologists and Engineers: by assessing vast areas for geologic conditions conducive to ore body resources, defining reserves at known mines, and helping with mining operations/activities using shallow engineering geophysics.
- Oil & Gas Industry: by evaluating the integrity of the materials composing their miles of pipelines, complex refineries, and massive storage facilities (above- or below-ground).
- Railway Contractors: by evaluating the drilled shafts used to support railroad bridges and embankment properties, as well as slope stability to avoid shut down due to landslides or rockfall.
- General Construction Contractors: when problems arise during construction, assessing change-of-conditions, or when mitigation of a failure is necessary.
- Water and Wastewater Facilities: by evaluating dams, holding tanks, spillways, pipes, and tunnels for integrity and structural stability.
The nature of Nondestructive Testing and Geophysical subsurface imaging allows the wide variety of methods available to be used for many applications within the industries we serve. Some of these applications include:
- Assessing the condition of deep foundations and driven piles.
- Characterizing unknown foundation depths and conditions.
- Evaluating the structural integrity of buildings, bridges, and other structures.
- Characterizing reinforcement, conduits, and concrete integrity and thickness for the purpose of retrofitting buildings, bridges, and other structures.
- Assessing the integrity of pavements, slabs-on-grade, and the subgrade materials that support them.
- Investigating the integrity and location of pipes, conduits, tunnels, and mineshafts.
- Characterizing dams and spillways for retrofitting and condition assessment purposes.
- Characterizing the subsurface for large construction and/or environmental projects.
- Characterizing the soil and rock properties for seismic design purposes.
- Monitoring vibrations during pile driving, construction activities near sensitive structures, and during blasting operations.
- Site investigation for the measurement of ambient and operating vibrations for electronics and other vibration sensitive manufacturing.
- Vibration measurement and analysis of rock crushers and other mine equipment.
- Vibration monitoring during rehabilitation activities performed on historic structures.
Olson Engineering, Inc. offers consulting services for a wide variety of Nondestructive Testing (NDT) and geophysical investigations.
Olson’s NDT services can test, evaluate, image, measure, and scan almost any type of structural or infrastructure element, and offer options for repair of the concerns found, allowing the risk to be mitigated. Olson’s geophysical imaging services are primarily applied to engineering, environmental and ground water problems helping to determine subsurface conditions that are problematic, anomalous or unpredictable, permitting our clients to better design and minimize risk for construction, site investigation, and drilling.
NDT methods are applied to:
- Pavements & Slabs
- Concrete
- Buildings & Structures
- Bridges
- Foundations
- Dams and their appurtenances
- Civil infrastructure
- Characterize earth materials
- Structural health monitoring
Geophysical methods are applied to:
- Dams
- Levees
- Unknown foundations
- Windfarms
- Pipelines
- Landfills
- Contaminated sites
- Karst problems
- Exploration and resource evaluation
The benefits of NDT include complete diagnosis of visible and hidden structural material conditions with minimal or no damage along with lower cost and reduced risk for the public, owners, contractors, and engineers. Similarly, geophysics is a non-invasive approach to image large volumes of earth materials beneath a site in one-, two- or three-dimensions (1D, 2D or 3D), and uses any existing geotechnical data to calibrate (i.e., ‘ground truth’) the results between, below and beyond drill holes.
Both NDT and geophysical testing are highly technical and interdisciplinary, therefore at Olson Engineering we have assembled a team of highly-educated and experienced professional engineers and geoscientists that can image and evaluate man-made structures with NDT, and characterize geologic conditions for many applications. Please call and speak directly with one of our engineers, geologists, or geophysicists concerning your project needs and we will be happy to discuss the application of appropriate methods to meet those objectives. Olson Engineering conducts approximately 200 projects per year domestically and internationally, and considers no job to be too large or too small. Click on the Contact Us page to connect with the office that can best assist you. | https://olsonengineering.com/services/ |
In this post we will discuss how we can merge multiple arrays to one array using JQuery. There are so many ways to achieve this. Like we can loop through each array and push it to other array one by one or we can join those arrays one by one. Or we can use JQuery function merge() . But requirement was bit different. Since I was using large data, I was not able to use any loop or any long processes. We will discuss an easy way here in this article. I hope you will like this.
Recently I got a requirement of merging large collections of client side arrays to one array. The problem was the arrays were dynamic, hence I was not sure about the count of those arrays, it may be different in different times. So what to do? A loop, merge, push, join in jquery was not a perfect solution for me since the data was large. So I found the solution in other way.
Consider we have some arrays as follows.
Now we need to change these arrays to a variable.
Now here comes the real part.
We are using jquery concat and jquery apply() function.
Now we will write this array to console.
See the console, you can get the values as follows.
I hope someone found it useful. Please share me your valuable suggestions and feedback. Thanks in advance. | https://sibeeshpassion.com/merge-multiple-arrays-to-one/ |
Below is a list of available plays, arranged by playwright. For more information about any of the playwrights, visit our Playwright Member Bios page. To get in touch with Writers Bloc about any of the plays, please email [email protected], or email the playwrights directly if their email is listed below.
Plays by GRACE FISHMAN ([email protected]):
ARS ARMATORIA. This drama explores what happens when a young woman involved in a love triangle seeks an abortion. Cast: 1 W, 3 M, unit set.
CHECKMATE. Set in the 1970s, this play examines complex race relations and romance during a tulmutuous decade. Cast: 1 W, 2 M, unit set.
THE HOLY INFIDEL. Set during the Renaissance, this play follows the exploits of Dona Gracia is a wealthy Jewish woman who has escaped the Spanish Inquisition and come to live in Turkey as the guest of Suleiman the Magnificent, and her flamboyant matchmaking son-in-law, Joao Miquez. Cast: 1W, 2 M, unit set.
Plays by BARBARA GEORGANS ([email protected]):
MIMIKA AND ANNA. A contemporary Greek tragedy in which an American author returns to her ancestral home in Greece during the 1968 military takeover to find the hostile war has extended into her own family. 3W, 2M.
NOBODY LIKES RETSINA. A musical comedy that takes place during the Great Depression when two Greek immigrant brothers try to sell bootleg Retsina while making deals to marry off their daughters. 6W, 8M.
SINCERELY YOURS. A musical comedy in which a New York publisher and his wife discover that there are no copyright laws to cover marital infidelity. 2W, 3M.
Plays by CHARLES GRIPPO ([email protected]):
SEX MARKS THE SPOT. Two act farce explores political sex scandals, cover-ups, and media manipulation, while providing a fresh new look at gender stereotypes. 5M, 3F. Recently produced at Theatre Building Chicago, with a remount scheduled for June-July 2010, also at Theatre Building Chicago.
A WIFE'S TALE. One act monologue. What does a woman do when her husband of twenty years leaves her to pursue an alternative lifestyle? 1F.
BEDROOM FOLLIES. One-act farce about a married conventioneer wgo gets way more than he bargained for when he has a quickie with a woman he has picked up----who just so happens to be the wife of the local sheriff. 2M, 1F.
Plays by JILL ELAINE HUGHES ([email protected]):
A MATTER OF CONVENIENCE. Culture clashes and unexpected romance occur between an East Indian immigrant family and an old-fashioned Southern white family in the American Deep South. Comedy/drama. 3W, 4M, flexible unit set.
THE MAN UPSTAIRS. Set in Chicago's Rogers Park neighborhood. Janice Taylor-Leung, a thirtysomething Caucasian woman and her husband Walter Leung, a Cantonese immigrant from Hong Kong, find their world turned upside down by their African-American upstairs neighbor. This play explores the dark side of contemporary American race relations. 4W, 2M, unit set.
INTELLIGENT DESIGN. Set during the Bush II era, this play examines what might happen if the White House imposed its "faith-based initiatives" onto the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). Power plays, territory battles, and egos abound in a cash-strapped NAS lab that has recently made a massive evolutionary discovery. 4M, 2W, flexible set. This play was a finalist for both the Christopher Brian Wolk Playwriting Award and the Julie Harris Playwriting Award.
Plays by JOANNE KOCH ([email protected]):
"Stardust." One-act winner of the National Nantucket Short Play Competition. Two young people---one trusting, introspective and blind; the other suspicious, defensive and sighted----share a moment of intimacy and conflict. 1W, 1M.
BELLE BARTH: IF I EMBARRASS YOU, TELL YOUR FRIENDS. Book by Joanne Koch, music by Ilya Levinson, lyrics by Owen Kalt. This Jeff-nominated original musical is an evening with the raunchy 1950s comedienne, dubbed "the female Lenny Bruce," whose recordings sold in the millions. 1W, 1M, 1 piano accompanist.
AMERICAN KLEZMER. Book by Joanne Koch and Sarah Cohen, music by Ilya Levinson, lyrics by Owen Kalt. Set in 1910 New York, this romantic immigrant tale is a musical about a band of musicians, and a woman who wants to sing in public. Features the lively, celebratory Eastern European idiom known as "klezmer. 3W, 5M.
Plays by ZIPPORAH PORTON ([email protected]):
Plays by JOAN KUFRIN ([email protected]):
DINNER AT 1800 HOURS. The peace-activist parents of corporate lawyer Meredith and the second-generation military parents of marine lieutenant Bill collide at the couple's disastrous engagement dinner. Can these six people of frozen mindsets and hardened hearts ever get along? 3W, 3M, one set. (This play was a recipients of a 2007 State of Florida Individual Fellowship ($5,000) in playwriting and an Oxford International Institute for Documentary and Drama in Conflict Resolution 2008 prize.)
HERE LIE THE DEMONS. Lili Learned, a sexy delectable woman in her 40s, strides onstage in a bathrobe and slippers to challenge us to relive her "f*cked up" life----the "demons" that have caused the death or destruction of nearly everyone she loves. 4M, 2W, with doubling.
THE MESSENGER. Unremarkable, unmarried ANGELA, 35, caregiver to demanding, aging parents, falls for a good-looking stranger as old as her father. Her family pegs the stranger as a fraud and tries desperately to ruin the romance. Does love triumph? Or guilt? 3 W 2 M. This play is published by Dramatic Publishing and was produced most recently in 2009 in Lake Wales, FL.
BREAKFAST. A one-act play comprised of seven separate scenes, each occuring on a different morning at the same Los Angeles eatery. 3W, 4M, unit set. Has received productions at Cypress College, Princeton University, and in Australia. Names Best One-Act Play, 2000, by the Internet Theatre Workshop.
THREE. Olympia, Leonora, and Eva have been best friends since they were teenagers. Though they have grown apart in the past ten years, a letter from Olympia announcing that she plans to kill herself brings the three women together again. 3W,1M.
Plays by JUDY VERAMENDI ([email protected]):
THE EMPTY CHALICES. Delmira Agustini, a revolutionary Latin American poet, lived in the repressive 1900s, yet managed to produce astounding original poetry until circumstances threatened to end her life at an early age. 3W, 4M.
HALL OF HUNGRY GHOSTS. The play probes deeply into the dark events surrounding the Argentine dirty war and CIA involvement, by following the experiences of returnee Margarita Salgado to a former detention center in Buenos Aires after twenty years' exile.
4W, 4M
THE RABBI'S DAUGHTER AND THE RUNAWAY IRISHMAN. Set in early 20th century New Orleans and Chicago, the play explores how deeply culture and faith collide when a rabbi's daughter meets and marries a runaway Irish Catholic priest. 4W, 4M
Plays by ZIPPORAH PORTON ([email protected]):
Plays by TERESA VERAMENDI ([email protected]):
VINCENT'S YELLOW. Struggling with the ghosts of myth, history, and her own imagination, artist Teresa Veramendi fights to discover the true spirit of Vincent Van Gogh----but love finds her first in this intimate story spanning centuries and continents. 3W, 2M.
PLAYS BY BEVERLY WILENS ROSEN ([email protected]):
WHEN THE BOUGH BREAKS. This full-length comedy follows the life of a woman who is faced with making a choice between her Neiman Marcus charge card or her family. 3W, 4M.
I OWE YOU A LULLABY. This play shows what happens to an ex-diva when her lonely life is interrupted when her long-lost biological daughter appears at her doorstep. 3W, 2M.
AN EVENING OF SHORT PLAYS. Two women will stop at nothing short of death to have their plays produced. 4W, 3M.
PLAYS BY ZAN SKOLNICK ([email protected]):
TZIGANE. (Hungarian for "Gypsy"). Edgy romantic comedy. Thirtysomething, serially monogamous Regine fiddles with mid-60s Soren, a violinist who's never cheated on his wife before. Runner-up for Cunningham Award (DePaul U.) 2M, 1W, minimal set.
ANOTHER MENAGERIE. An homage to Tennesee Williams' The Glass Menagerie. A brother seeks to save his sister from their mother's domination before he marries and moves away. A Greek-style tragedy. Finalist in multiple national playwriting competitions. 3W, 1M, unit set.
ADORATION OF VLADIMIR. A fact-based, Marxian Bros. view of the battle to preserve Lenin's body in Stalin's Soviet Russia. 7M, 2W, with doubling. Minimal set. Has received staged readings at The Public Theatre, New York City.
Plays by BILL TEITELBAUM ([email protected]):
I-TROUBLE. Comedy. Love, myopia, and marriage is a recipe for disaster. Runtime: 90 minutes. 1M, 1W.
ROOMS CUT IN CLIFFS. Comedy/drama. A day in the life of a single-room-occupancy hotel. Runtime: 120 minutes. 6M, 4W.
KINGS. Comedy/drama. Bible stories for grownups----three one-acts about the first monarchs of Palestine. Runtime: 100 minutes. 3M, 1W.
Plays by LES WHITE ([email protected]):
LOVE ME. A family eats their thanksgiving dinner in the dark to avoid an unwanted daughter who breaks in and manipulates the family into revealing dangerous---and murderous---truths about themselves. 4W, 3M.
HYMIEYENKEL IN THE GOLAN HEIGHTS. When Israel offers to build "dream homes" for new settlers, a Chicago suburban family moves there and finds themselves within firing range of jihadists. 2W, 3M.
ALL WASHED UP: THE TRUE STORY OF THE WOMAN WHO INVENTED THE SOAP OPERA INDUSTRY AND ONE MAN'S SEARCH FOR A JOB. The rise and fall of Irna Phillips, the woman largely credited with creating the soap opera, is told by the man who uncovered her secrets. 1 actor, unisex role, portraying a variety of characters. | http://www.writersblocfest.org/Available_Plays.html |
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On October 25, 2019, North Arlington High School let members of the Student Council campaign for positions in office. In the morning, the candidates greeted students in the cafeteria and proposed their plans and ideas for office. Each candidate had a creative poster and other ways to campaign, such as personalized pencils and buttons. Some even brought in treats for their supporters. Overall, candidate Anna Lasek thought that the Meet and Greet was a great way “to spread our goals and words, and for the school to meet nominees.” She was “quite nervous when interacting with the student body” because she, like most of the candidates, knew she had to make a lasting impression. Later, after school that day, candidates gave speeches on their qualifications for positions.
Similarly, on the 30th of October, the Junior class was called down to listen to the campaign speeches for the Junior Class Committee. Each position will be held for two years and the candidates were very excited to let the class know of their plans and aspirations. When asked about her experience giving her speech, Lianne Litchfield recalled that she, “was nervous, not knowing what would happen.” The speeches were welcomed as each candidate received a big applause.
In the end, the Student Council positions were filled out by Anna Lasek for Historian, Katherine Lasek for Secretary, Emily Miller for Event Coordinator, and Rahul Patel for Treasurer. Aidan Hughes, who won the position of Vice President, was very excited when he found out the results of the election on the ride home from BCC. As Vice President, he stated that his goal “is for not only student council, but the school in its entirety to unite us all. As a whole, working together, our school can accomplish so much more for the district, and even the community!” Nick Rotondo was voted President for both the Student Council and Junior Class Committee. When asked about his win, Nick said, “Today’s victories show that hard work and dedication will always prevail.”
As for the Junior Class Committee, there were no oppositions as Alyssa Buccheri became Event Coordinator, Laura Guglielmelli Treasurer, Katherine Lasek Secretary and Anna Lasek became the Vice President.
These school elections were a fun way to get the entire school involved in the process of democratically selecting officers for two extra-curricular organizations. Congratulations to all winners. | https://www.nahsvikingsaga.org/top-stories/2019/12/03/recent-student-elections/ |
The McSpaddens claim they are doing nothing wrong, that Mr Bradbury is taking up more space than he should and that both sets of neighbours often box their car in.
Mr Bradbury, however, claims the whole dispute, racking up six-figure lawyers' bills at Central London County Court, is a waste of time as it could easily be solved by everyone parking a few inches along.
"He considers this to be an especially trivial and pointless dispute, given that there is an obvious means of accommodating each party," said his barrister, Gary Cowen.
The row reached court as the Haninas and Mr Bradbury, 53, insisted that each house has a right to a 7ft8in (2.4m) wide space, a foot bigger than the 6ft8in (2.1 metres), which the McSpaddens say is correct.
The Haninas' barrister Sebastian Kokelaar said: "The difficulty that arises is that, if the position is as the McSpaddens say, then there is not enough room for all three cars to park conveniently.
"It would just about be possible for professional drivers to park, but they would have great difficulty getting out of the car.
"It is simply not possible for three modern vehicles to be parked conveniently in the space the McSpaddens say was allocated."
The McSpaddens claim that Sheriar Bradbury, pictured, is taking up more space than he should
He claimed the McSpaddens have trespassed on Dr Hanina's space, which is sandwiched between the other two.
He added: "The McSpaddens have been parking their car in accordance with their mistaken understanding of the location of the boundary.
"Their continuing trespass has effectively prevented any meaningful use being made of Sophie Hanina's parking space. It is physically impossible to use it when there is also a car parked in Mr Bradbury's space.
"However, even when there is no car parked in Mr Bradbury's space, it is not possible to use the space lawfully because this would inevitably result in a trespass on his land."
The court heard that, when first converted from an old Presbyterian church in the 1970s, the deeds to the houses included three car parking spaces, side by side in front of the properties. Back then, the area was enclosed by walls on two sides, but one - separating the McSpaddens' space and their portion of the courtyard - was later demolished.
The McSpaddens insist that the area to be divided into equal parking spaces is the area between the inside of the original walls, giving each about 2.1m.
But the Haninas and Mr Bradbury say the width of the walls, as they originally stood, should be included, making each property's space approximately 2.4m wide.
In his evidence, Mr McSpadden said there had been no problem until 2009, when the position of cars in Mr Bradbury's space began to squeeze out those wanting to use the middle spot, now owned by Dr Hanina.
"The approach to parking came to be 'take what you can get', what is convenient to you," said the banker.
But Mr Bradbury's barrister, Gary Cowen, denied that he is using any more space than that to which he is entitled.
"He does not accept that what was conveyed was only 2.1m," he told Judge Nicholas Parfitt. "He purchased the property with the benefit of a parking space."
Even if the McSpaddens are correct, Mr Bradbury says he has the right to encroach into Dr Hanina's space, because he has done so for more than 20 years.
There would be enough room for all three if the spaces were simply shunted along a bit, he said.
However, Mr McSpadden, 47, and his wife, 49, claim the original deeds granted each house 2.1m of car parking space and that they are using theirs correctly.
"They will say that the width of 2.1m for residential parking spaces in 1974-75 was perfectly reasonable and that cars on average were narrower then than they are today," said their barrister, Myriam Stacey.
A note on the Volvo parked outside the block at the centre of the dispute in Hampstead Credit:
Paul Keogh
She added: "The McSpaddens have challenged Mr Bradbury's use of more space than that to which he is entitled since 2009."
The couple also claim that both neighbours have had vehicles parked in areas which prevent them getting their car back out of their space and onto the street.
The court also heard the parties are at loggerheads over the use of a bin storage area, which the McSpaddens insist is theirs.
They deny that their neighbours have an automatic right to dump their rubbish in the facility. Dr Hanina and Mr Bradbury say it is the only bin store on the development and it must have been intended that they be able to use it.
Judge Nicholas Parfitt said he would give his judgment on the parking dispute at a later date. | |
After the unveiling of our exclusive public schools ranking last year, our staff agreed that we would tackle the enormous task once again in our October issue. Like last year, our goal in compiling our exclusive annual ranking of the best public high schools in the Charlotte area was to identify academically successful schools, but also the schools that provide an environment conducive to exceptional learning. We wanted to make this ranking based solely on the data provided by each school, the school districts, and the North Carolina Department of Education. So to achieve this, we again enlisted statistician Zhi Zhang, a professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at UNC-Charlotte, to help analyze the data and prepare the ranking.
It’s important to remember that differences among schools on the list are often quite small—any school could fairly exchange places with schools one or two positions higher or lower. Therefore, we offer these rankings not as the final word on school quality, but rather as a starting point for parents, students, and educators.
Not all high schools in this ranking are traditional high schools. We included these schools because we’d be remiss in leaving them off simply because they offer different curricula. All the schools were ranked against one another based on the same data that was available from each school. The ranking is based on a like comparison.
Click image to view the rankings in a PDF.
How We Prepared the Ranking
The overall ranking is based on two separate rankings: environment and performance. The environment factor includes variables such as proportion of students enrolled in Advanced Placement classes, average class size, proportion of fully licensed teachers, and proportion of board-certified teachers. The performance factor includes variables such as average combined SAT score and four-year graduation rate. Schools with missing data on any of the variables were deleted from the analysis.
Two sets of variables were determined: the variables for the environment factor and the variables for the performance factor. For each variable of each set, we organized a separate ranking of all schools, with the smallest value in the ranking being the top- ranked school and the largest value being the bottom-ranked school. If there was a tie in the ranking, each of the tied schools shared the lowest rank value of that tier. Collectively, these rank scores formed a basis for our analysis. There are several options in establishing scores for ranking purposes. We chose to rank scores because they tend to be more robust — if a school has an extremely low or high reading on a variable, the extremity would not dominate the school’s position in the overall ranking.
For the environment factor, we calculated the average of the rank scores on all variables in that set for each school. Then we repeated the process for the performance factor, calculating the average of the rank scores on all variables in that set for each school.
For each school, a weighted average of the two rank scores, one from the environment ranking and one from the performance ranking, was calculated with a weight of 0.25 on the environment and 0.75 on the performance. The overall ranking was then per- formed based on the weighted average rank scores among all schools. Schools in a tied tier share the lowest rank value in that tier.
Our primary sources for data are listed below. In cases where information was not available for a particular school, we contacted the school at least twice to gather the data. Some schools did not return our phone calls. | https://www.charlottemagazine.com/top-public-high-schools/ |
is being popular is the number of elephants here, a maximum number of elephants found here. There are around 600 elephants, 315 species of birds, 250 leopards,s and 16 tigers in Rajaji Tiger Reserve, whose numbers are likely to increase soon.
Rajaji National Park is situated on the foothill of the Himalayas,
which is surrounded by the Shivalik range. It’s become a second Tiger Reserve of Uttarakhand after Corbett Tiger Reserve and 48th Tiger Reserve of India. The park is spread over 820 kilometers with three districts including – Haridwar, Dehradun, and Pauri
Garhwal. Rajaji Tiger Reserve was established in 1983 after the founding of 3 wildlife Century Chilla, Motichur, and Rajaji Sanctuaries.
Rajaji Tiger Reserve is a haven for wildlife lovers. The beautiful places are blessed with numerous natural beauties such as lush green landscape, dense forest, and bubbling river. Where you can enjoy a jeep safari
and explore the flora & fauna of Rajaji Park. It’s also a paradise for bird watchers, every year thousands of people visit here for bird watching, here they explore the variety of both local and migrating birds. This is a must-visit wildlife destination for
wildlife and nature lovers, who want to take a break from their busy life schedule. | https://www.indianwildlifeclub.com/forum/forum-post-details.aspx?fid=5191 |
Design of Experiments (DOE) for Process Development and Validation at Singapore
- DATE:
- July 9, 2015 - July 10, 2015
- LOCATION:
- Singapore, CA 238867
- COUNTRY:
- Singapore
- START DATE/TIME:
- July 9, 2015 9:00 AM
- END DATE/TIME:
- July 10, 2015 6:00 PM
- EVENT TYPE:
- Training
- HOST:
- GlobalCompliancepanel
- PHONE:
- 18004479407
- EMAIL:
- [email protected]
- WEBSITE:
- Click here to Visit
Description
Overview:
Prior to developing a process control plan as part of an overall risk management strategy, process development studies must be completed. The objective of these process development studies is to gain knowledge and understanding about how variation in process parameters explains variation in the product quality characteristics of the product.
The use of DOE methodology provides a means to identify process parameters which impact product quality (critical process parameters) and determine the functional relationship that links the process parameters to that critical quality attributes. Screening designs, such as 2k factorial and D-optimal designs are used to determine critical process parameters. Response surface designs, such as Central Composite Designs (CCDs) and I-optimal designs are used to model the functional relationship between those critical process parameters and the critical quality attributes.
This course will begin by presenting a primer on statistical analysis, focusing on the methods required for analysis of designed experiments. It will then present the steps to DOE, while demonstrating valuable risk management tools (Ishikawa and FMEA) which can be use pre and post DOE studies. Next, participants will learn to generate and analyze multiple screening and response surface designs; the participants will leave with an understanding of why and how each are used. Then, the participants will learn how results of the studies can be presented. Lastly, using the results of the studies, the risk management tools will then be updated.
Why should you attend?
The Global Harmonization Task Force (GHTF) Process Validation Guidance for Medical Device Manufacturers provides guidance on where design of experiments should be applied during process validation; it suggests the use of both screening and response surface designs during Operational Qualification. In addition, DOE should be used during multiple phases of design controls: design and development planning, design verification, design validation, design transfer, and design changes.
In Guidance for Industry Q8 Pharmaceutical Development (as well as the annex to Q8), suggests applying experimental design to demonstrate "...an enhanced knowledge of product performance over a range of...process parameters." Using this "...enhanced, quality by design approach..." leads to greater system understanding. That greater system understanding has two elements: identifying critical process parameters and developing a functional relationship that link those critical process parameters to your critical quality attributes (CQAs). This suggests the use of both screening and response surface designs during pharmaceutical development studies.
The need for DOE in product and process development is not only suggested, but imperative for both medical device and drug manufactures.
Areas Covered in the Session:
Learn how to effectively use JMP to:
• identify critical quality attributes (CQAs) that will be used as responses in your designs
• utilize risk management tools to identify and prioritize potential critical process parameters
• identify critical process parameters and develop a functional relationship between those process parameters and your critical-to-quality attributes (CQAs) using both screening and response surface designs
• be able to design and analyze screening designs including a factorial, fractional factorial, and D-optimal design
• understand the need for adding center points to a design
• be able to design and analyze response surface designs including central composite designs (CCDs), Box-Behnken designs, and I-optimal designs
• present results of DOE studies
• use systematic understanding from DOE studies to update the control plan that is part of the overall risk management plan
Who Will Benefit:
• Process Scientist/Engineer
• Design Engineer
• Product Development Engineer
• Regulatory/Compliance Professional
• Design Controls Engineer
• Six Sigma Green Belt
• Six Sigma Black Belt
• Continuous Improvement Manager
Agenda:
Day One
Lecture 1: Primer on Statistical Analysis
• basic statistics
• two-sample t-test
• ANOVA
• regression
Lecture 2: Introduction to Design of Experiments (DOE)
• steps to DOE
• defining critical quality attributes (CQAs)/responses
• identifying and prioritizing potential process parameters
Lecture 3: Screening Designs
• full factorial designs
• 2k factorial designs
Day Two:
Lecture 1: Screening Designs (continued)
• fractional factorial designs
• D-optimal designs
Lecture 2: Response Surface Designs
• 2k factorial designs with center points
• Central Composite Designs (CCDs)
• Box-Behnken designs
• I-optimal designs
Lecture 3: Utilizing Systematic Understanding from DOE Studies
• presenting results
• control plan/risk management strategy
Speaker:
Heath Rushing is the cofounder of Adsurgo and author of the book Design and Analysis of Experiments by Douglas Montgomery: A Supplement for using JMP. Previously, he was the JMP and Six Sigma training manager at SAS. He led a team of nine technical professionals designing and delivering applied statistics and quality continuing education courses. He created tailored courses, applications, and long-term training plans in quality and statistics across a variety of industries to include biotech, pharmaceutical, medical device, and chemical processing. Mr. Rushing has been an invited speaker on applicability of statistics for national and international conferences. As a Quality Engineer at Amgen, he championed statistical principles in every business unit. He designed and delivered a DOE course that immediately became the company standard required at multiple sites.
Location: Singapore Date: July 9th & 10th, 2015 Time: 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM
Venue: Mandarin Orchard Singapore
Venue Address: 333 Orchard Road, Singapore 238867
Price: $2,095.00
(Seminar for One Delegate)
Register now and save $200. (Early Bird)
Until June 10, Early Bird Price: $2,095.00
From June 11 to July 07, Regular Price: $2,295.00
Contact Information:
NetZealous LLC,
DBA GlobalCompliancePanel
161 Mission Falls Lane,
Suite 216, Fremont, CA 94539, USA
USA Phone: 800-447-9407
Fax: 302-288-6884
[email protected]
http://www.globalcompliancepanel.com
Registration Link: http://bit.ly/1HJRVWP
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- Test, Measurement & LIMS Portal
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Opinion: PETA Should Learn From Recent Social Media Backlash
This is an opinion piece written by a contributor to The Titan Universe. It in no way represents the views of Titan Universe, Titian Communications, CSUF or its affiliates. To submit your own opinion piece, send submissions to [email protected]. We reserve the right to edit or refuse to publish any submissions.
February 22nd would have been late wildlife conservationist and TV personality Steve Irwin’s 57th birthday. To commemorate his birthday, Google changed their logo to honor him. The Google Doodle featured Irwin searching for crocodiles and feeding animals at the Australia zoo. However, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) criticized Irwin on Twitter – saying he was killed while harassing a stingray and that his actions were “not on target with his supposed message of protecting wildlife”.
The internet responded immediately. People around the world defended The Crocodile Hunter, saying that he helped educate millions about rare animals. Fans have even taken to twitter to “roast” PETA for their words against Irwin.
PETA also faced extreme criticism when they spoke out against famous fashion designer, Karl Lagerfeld after he recently passed away. The organization said in a tweet, “Karl Lagerfeld has gone, and his passing marks the end of an era when fur and exotic skins were seen as covetable.” The internet also took to the fashion designers defense, saying that the organization was cruel in criticizing him after his death.
I completely understand what PETA stands for and I admire that they want to keep animals from being unnecessarily harmed. I think that they went about criticizing two legacies in the wrong way. It shows how petty that the organization is and even makes them look unprofessional. I think this just shows how the rise of social media make people feel like they can say anything they want without any consequences. Ideally, the backlash will have taught PETA to behave with more dignity, but only time will tell us if that’s true. | http://www.titanuniverse.org/student-life/opinion/opinion-peta-should-learn-from-recent-social-media-backlash/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=opinion-peta-should-learn-from-recent-social-media-backlash |
Jennifer Lopez was spotted outside FOX studios ahead of the ‘American Idol Season 13: Top 8 To 7? live show on Wednesday (April) in Los Angeles, California.
Showcasing her eco-style, the judge wore an H&M Conscious Collection pretty lace mini long sleeves dress featuring a high neckline without the faceted-resin-stone detailing.
It’s refreshing to see a much softer side to JLo’s style, even if she did add a lot of bling, as expected, to her look.
Ivy Kirzhner pumps with a rose-gold platform, and a half-up, half-down hairstyle completed her look.
Do you like the softer side of JLo or is this too twee for the 40-year-old judge?
You may remember we’ve seen the faceted-resin-stone detailed version of this dress on Sophia Bush. | https://www.redcarpet-fashionawards.com/2014/04/03/jennifer-lopez-hm-conscious-collection-american-idol-season-13-top-8-7%E2%80%B2-live-show/ |
/ Community / Village Councils intervention in family violence crucial as percentage of abuses increase
Village Councils intervention in family violence crucial as percentage of abuses increase
By Lagi Keresoma
APIA, SAMOA – WEDNESDAY 02 AUGUST 2017: Village councils will soon intervene and decide the fate of those committing violence within any family if Cabinet endorses the recommendations of a Family Safety Study Report 2017 launched last week.
The report focuses on four categories which include giving “Village Councils legal support to intervene appropriately in family violence incidences in the villages.”
The recommendation was based on findings that reveal an “overwhelmingly high preference for Village Councils to be more involved in setting and monitoring bylaws against domestic violence.”
Other recommendations include:
* Strengthening the family unit by embracing Christian and Samoa cultural values. Central in this is a more proactive role of village councils and village church pastors in educating communities about domestic violence as an unacceptable, criminal act destroying families.
* Strengthening the role of the church in promoting family safety. As one of the key influential institutions in the villages, the church is called upon to be more visibly involved in the fight against domestic violence by leading family safety programmes and encouraging participation of all families in these.
* Introduction of a family safety curriculum to primary and secondary schools. Breaking the cycle of domestic violence requires intervention at the school levels so as children and teachers can learn and practice non-violent ways of relating to each other.
Due to the many reports on domestic and gender-based violence in the country, the Ministry of Women Community and Social Development (MWCSD) with assistance from the Australian Government commissioned a Family Safety Study Survey.
According to the survey report, the most vulnerable people in any family violence are “women, children, persons with disabilities and elderly people.”
“The need for relevant strategies to combat domestic violence is crucial to family and community safety,” states the report.
“The focus of the study was to assess the current situation of domestic and gender-based violence in Samoa, including the extent to which existing legislations, programmes and services have impacted the problem.”
The survey also aimed at providing a preliminary cost benefits analysis of the impacts of domestic violence on health, education, employment and economic development in Samoa.
Key Findings Prevalence of spousal abuse and abuse against children
Sixty (60%) percentage of women between the age group of 20 to 49 who were in a relationship experienced some form of spousal abuse in their lifetime, whilst 46% experienced abuse in the last 12 months.
Compared to the 2000 survey, the current situation is much worse.
“Of the abused women, 78% experienced emotional abuse making it the most common type of abuse; with 22% experiencing both physical and emotional abuse, and 5% sexual abuse, and others which possibly constitutes sexual and emotional abuse 1% .”
The survey also noted the high rates of violence were “experienced by both boys and girls.”
“Life-time rate experience of violence was 89% for girls and 90% for boys. Prevalence rate for the last 12 months was 69% for girls and 63% for boys.”
Also noted was the high rate of emotional abuses against women which sits at “78%, 43.5% for children; and 93% for elderly women and men.”
“Combination of physical assault and emotional abuse is the second highest stand physical abuse is the least common type of abuse experienced by all three groups.”
“This indicates that while the rates of violence are still high, physical assault might have begun to drop.”
The report also noted the impact of abuse on women’s education.
“The highest level of education reached by the majority of abused women was Secondary School which is 70%.”
“Women in violent relationships are predominantly those who are married; completed secondary school level; lived in households of between 6 and 10 members, with an average household income of between $100 and $500 per week.
Even those living in de facto relationships or a separated from their spouses are also experiencing abuse. |
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