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Q:
Nowhere vanishing 1-form on a compact manifold
I need to prove that a nowhere vanishing 1-form on a compact manifold can not be exact.
I know it should be an application of Stoke's Theorem, but I'm not sure how to reach a contradiction. I think if we let the 1-form be $\omega$ and integrate it over the manifold M, then we will use the exactness to get the integral to be 0. But I believe this is only true if the manifold has empty boundary. Also I'm not sure why the integral being zero would be a contradiction.
Any help is understanding this problem would be appreciated
A:
Let $\omega$ be a $1$-form on a compact manifold $M.$ We have that $\omega$ is exact if and only if there exists a smooth function $f:M\to \mathbb{R}$ such that $\omega =df.$
Now, since $M$ is compact and $f$ is continuous there exist $p,q\in M$ such that $f(p)\le f(x)\le f(q), \forall x\in M.$ But it is $(df)(p)=(df)(q)=0.$ That is, $\omega(p)=\omega(q)=0.$
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At KAMP we are proud to embrace the healing nature of music on the mind, body, and soul. We are currently striving to find more ways to build bridges between mental health services and access to music performance and education. We believe that the skills we learn through music and performance, such as resiliency and self-regulation, are life skills which serve an advantageous purpose.
Music and arts allow us to feel whole, act kinder, and be better versions of ourselves. | https://www.kampmusic.org/about |
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It is settled law in British Columbia that estate executors are entitled to remuneration for their work in administering an estate or executors fees. In fact, this was restated by the Supreme Court of Canada in Cowper-Smith v Morgan, a case argued and won by League and Williams’ principle Darren Williams. However, there’s legislation and case law which dictate how much an estate executor can be awarded for their work in administering the estate, and even situations where an executor isn’t eligible to be compensated for their work.
It is common practice to compensate estate executors for their work, even when they are not professional estate administrators. Section 88 of the Trustee Act lays out the maximum awards an estate executor is entitled to:
The income earned by the estate will often include dividends on investments, which are held on trust by the executor for the estate.
These percentages for renumeration are meant as guidelines, and not every executor will receive the maximum statutory compensation. Sometimes, will writers will include provisions in their will for renumeration of the executor, setting a fee aside that they think is fair for the work done. Further, in estate litigation surrounding the renumeration of executors, the court will look to ensure that the funds awarded to an executor bears reasonable relationship to the amount of work the executor did, the and the skill they demonstrated in handling the estate.
The courts will consider the unique circumstances of the estate administration in deciding what a reasonable award to an executor is. This will often include:
It’s important to remember that executors are fiduciaries of the estate they administer, meaning they have special legal responsibilities to act in the best interest of the estate and its beneficiaries. Breach of fiduciary duties is grounds for total removal of an executor, and any interested party can petition the courts to do so. For more on this, read our article on removing unfit executors.
Some executors will receive compensation which is significantly lower than the statutory guidelines, or nothing at all, because they did not administer the estate with due care and skill, or their services were not properly performed. One way the law ensures beneficiaries are able to assess the executor’s administration of the estate is through a passing of accounts. This is a process that estate executors are responsible for in every estate administration. It involves producing detailed accounting for all of the money that went in and out of the estate during the administration, and it must be done before the beneficiaries receive their inheritance. It’s important that interested parties are always mindful of this accounting, ensuring the executor didn’t mismanage the estate either inadvertently or with malicious intent.
In instances where the will is silent on the issue of executors fees, beneficiaries have standing to raise a claim if they feel the executor was overcompensated. If the courts find that the award doesn’t share a reasonable relationship with the work completed, they can reduce the executor’s compensation or deny compensation altogether.
If you’re a beneficiary concerned that the administration of an estate is being mishandled by an executor, contact an experienced estate lawyer today.
Have a question about this topic or a different legal topic? Contact us for a free consultation. Reach us via phone at 250-888-0002, or via email at [email protected]. | https://www.leaguelaw.com/posts/executors-fees-what-beneficiaries-should-know/ |
Taunton Press, 9781561587988, 394pp.
Publication Date: October 4, 2005
Description
If disaster strikes, flip immediately to When Things Go Wrong, an invaluable chapter of troubleshooting charts, whether your souffle is falling, your cheese sauce is curdling, or you've just discovered you don't have the right size pan for the cake you're in the middle of mixing up. In Handy Kitchen Techniques, you'll find 42 basic prep techniques, from trussing a chicken to clarifying butter, illustrated step-by-step in full color.
The perfect reference for cooks at any level, "How to Break an Egg" will be your indispensable go-to kitchen resource.
"In my cooking classes and on my radio show, I get those thorny questions regarding recipe disasters. Phew Now I won't hve to make up 'creative answers' anymore. For the solution to every culinary dilemma, run out right now and pick up a copy of, "How to Break an Egg,""
--TomDouglas, restaurateur and author of "Tom's Big Dinners"
"No kitchen is totally complete unless this book is on the shelf. It's a wealth of information, and I personally could not do without it "
--Paula Deen, author of "Paula Deen&Friends: Living it Up, Southern Style"
"How do you create a warm place to proof bread or make a quick cup of buttermilk? Ever think of cutting cheesecake with a fishing line or defatting stock with ice cubes? The answers to these and hundreds of other practical questions rarely addressed in even the most sophisticated cookbooks are provided in this revolutionary new reference manual no serious cook can do without. I've waited a lifetime for an authoritative, sensible, reliable kitchen companion such as "How to Break an Egg" and cannot recommend the book highly enough. Just reading through it is an invaluable class in itself."
--James Villas, author of "Crazy for Casseroles" and "Biscuit Bliss"
"This is a terrific resource reference book and one that I think every cook, whether just beginning or old pro, will find helpful on a regular basis. "Fine Cooking" has been one of my favorite culinary magazines for a long time and "How to Break an Egg" reflects their friendly, researched, and illustrated approach that I look forward to reading every month."
--John Ash, restaurateur and author of "John Ash Cooking One on One"
"A good chef never serves his or her mistakes. Now you don't have to. Finally a fix-it manual for your kitchen."
--Tom Colicchio, Chef/Owner of Craft restaurants and Gramercy Tavern.
Praise For How to Break an Egg: 1,453 Kitchen Tips, Food Fixes, Emergency Substitutions, and Handy Techniques…
"(How to Break an Egg) Excellent, excellent book"
- "Sara Moulton, Good Morning America
""This little book packs a lot of wisdom for the price. It's not a cookbook, but rather a compendium of all those cool little Fine Cooking tips that you hope you will remember when you need them.....It's ever so much better than reading directions in a recipe."
"- Cathy Barber, Dallas Morning News
""How to Break an Egg is designed to be a kitchen staple -- a place to go when you have a food question or problem and need a simple-to-understand answer. It's fun to sit down and read in order to discover the interesting ways cooks have come up with to solve some intriguing culinary problems."
"- Karen Haram, San Antonio Express-News
""Even great home cooks sometimes need a bit of guidance in the kitchen. After all, no matter how many emergencies you've run into or how many jams you've substituted your way through, there's always another you haven't yet tackled. How to Break an Egg addresses all these and more for everyone from restaurant-ready cooks to folks who need to learn how to separate a yolk from the whites."
"- Chicago Sun-Times
""Fine Cooking magazine calls them "ah-ha" moments. The book, How To Break an Egg is full of such inspirations."
"- Rocky Mountain News
"
"How to Break an Egg has the answers...The tips are great, fun and sometimes a little weird."
"- Cabin Living magazine
""How to Break an Egg is a one-of-kind resource of more than 1,400 kitchen-tested tips, shortcuts and ingenious solutions to culinary emergencies- all organized in an easy-to-acess format for quick reference or more leisurely reading."
"- Home Improvement Dallas
""Anyonewho enjoys cooking and creating culinary masterpieces will appreciate the useful tips and clever techniques compiled by the editors of this very unusual but handy kitchen guide."
"- Monterey County Herald" | https://www.indiebound.org/book/9781561587988 |
The House of Lords has published a report aimed at tackling inter-generational unfairness, and the growing gap in wealth between younger and older people in the UK.
There are some reasonably radical proposals within the report, including the removal of the state pension triple lock, getting rid of free television licences for the over-75s, and even doing away with free bus passes for pensioners.
It’s an important issue to address because the retired population have higher average incomes than younger people. This is an unusual situation and something that appears to be fueling inter-generational unfairness. Within their report, ‘Tackling Inter-generational Unfairness’, the Lords say that “inter-generational fairness should offer the opportunity of a fulfilling life.”
A combination of low wage growth, difficulty getting onto the property ladder, and lack of government support have all made this opportunity for a fulfilling life harder to obtain for younger people. Within the report, it says that one in three of the babies born in the UK today will live to celebrate their 100th birthdays.
As a result, we need to re-imagine what retirement means and how it might be experienced. Looking at some of the specific proposals within the report, the headlines have been grabbed by the suggestion to get rid of the state pension triple lock. The coalition government introduced this mechanism in 2010. It’s designed to ensure that state pension incomes rise each year by at least the level of price inflation or average wage growth.
With more people reaching state pension age, this triple lock guarantee is becoming less sustainable, diverting public funding from essential services. As a result, members of the younger generations are effectively subsidising state pension increases for older generations.
The report proposes that the state pension should rise each year in line with average earnings. Doing this would provide parity with the income increases experienced by younger people. Other state benefits are also allocated for the axe in the report, including free bus passes for the over-60s. Free television licences for the over-75s will also be scrapped if the government adopts the proposals, along with the Winter Fuel Payment for those born before November 1953.
One proposal contained within the report that we’ve seen before, as a suggested solution for funding the increasingly costly adult social care bill, is to extend National Insurance contributions past state pension age.
As things stand, if you keep working past state pension age, you don’t keep paying National Insurance contributions. The proposals in the report would see contributions made through an alignment of the National Insurance contributions threshold with the income tax personal allowance. There’s a call in the report for the reform of the current council tax system, which would reflect the value of the property, instead of relying on outdated property valuation bands.
A method to delay council tax payments for elderly residents on low incomes would also be introduced. Commenting on the report, Alistair McQueen, Head of Savings and Retirement at Aviva said the spirit of inter-generational unity in the UK was at risk. | https://juniperwealth.co.uk/blog/are-these-the-best-ways-to-tackle-inter-generational-unfairness/ |
International Conference on Educational Technologies (ICEduTech),
Abstract
The use of digital technologies in higher education has been driven by a number of underlying assumptions about the affordances of the available technology for social interaction and learning. This trend has not only been advocated by administrators who may argue for digital technologies as a catalyst for pedagogical change and engagement, but rather by the students themselves as they adopt new ways of collaborating and communicating within their social circles. Interacting using Social Media Technologies (SMTs) is a phenomenon in both business (Lygouriatis C (2013), AvantiKumar, (2012) and education (Davis, Deil-Amen, Rios-Aguilar, & Gonzalez Canche, (2012). The increase usage and employment of SMTs in personal, business and education is credited to the advancement of Internet broadband services, mobile devices, smart phones and web-based technologies. Informatics programmes are technological-oriented in nature, hence students and academics themselves would arguably be quite adept at using SMTs. Students undertaking Informatics programmes are trained to thrive in challenging, advanced technical environments as manifestations of the fast-paced world of Information Technology. Students must be able to think logically and learn "how to learn" as "knowledge upon demand" is one of the expected capabilities of Informatics graduates. This rapid change in knowledge and skill sets requires learners to not only be lifelong learners, but to be constantly connected to the field of computing science. SMTs may be the conduit that supports these needs. Despite being an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) hub and having advanced ICT Infrastructure nationally, the use of social media beyond young people in Malaysia for education purposes is still relatively new and little is known about the user experience, intentions, perceptions and acceptance of these technologies by students and academics. This study will investigate the perceptions, acceptance, usage and access to social media by students and academics in higher education in Informatics programs in Malaysia. A conceptual model based on Connectivisim and Communities of Practice (CoP) has been developed to inform the study in terms of how Social Media Technologies (SMTs) can play a role in building a virtual learning community in Higher Education Institution. A significant outcome of this study will be the development of a design framework for implementing social media as supporting tools for student engagement and teaching and learning of Informatics Programs in Higher education institutions in Malaysia. [For full proceedings, see ED557168.]
Citation
Lim, J.S.Y., Agostinho, S., Harper, B. & Chicharo, J.F. (2013). Investigating the Use of Social Media by University Undergraduate Informatics Programs in Malaysia. Presented at International Conference on Educational Technologies (ICEduTech) 2013. Retrieved July 11, 2020 from https://www.learntechlib.org/p/158198/.
ERIC is sponsored by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) of the U.S. Department of Education.
Copyright for this record is held by the content creator. For more details see ERIC's copyright policy. | http://www.learntechlib.org/p/158198/ |
Modelled on the concept of the ‘Salons’ as theatres of conversation and knowledge sharing, the new extension for the Business School for the Creative Industries at UCA Epsom proposes a connecting building (3,735m2 GFA) to supplement the current facility and accommodate new undergraduate and post-graduate programmes.
The design was created in a collaboration between UNStudio (Design Vision) and John Robertson Architects (Local Design Partner), Grant Associates (Landscape Architect), Atelier Ten (Building Services Engineering, Environmental Design, Lighting Design) and AKT II (Structure and Facade Engineer).
“Salons provided fascinating opportunities for debate for intellectuals from all walks of life. Artists, scientists, philosophers, politicians; they all gathered to debate the concerns of their time, cross-fertilising and mutually influencing each other’s ideas along the way. Facilitating such exchange of ideas forms the core of the design for the new Business School.”
Designed to encourage interaction and collaboration, as well as blur the hierarchical boundaries between faculty and students, the main inspiration for the new Business School for the Creative Industries is modelled on the concept of the historical ‘salon’: a place where everyone can gather to debate, share opinions and mutually influence each other’s ideas.
The new extension embraces the core characteristics of the University for the Creative Arts by focusing in on one single gravity point: The Fireplace. The Fireplace is a central gathering space that defines the new social and knowledge sharing core of the university, while linking all existing and newly built elements together. An elevated circulation ring connects the existing campus to the new buildings, creating a pronounced functional connection while acting as a strong social anchor by creating a stage for campus events and informal learning.
One of the key principles in our design is to ensure the health and wellbeing of students and staff. As such, we incorporated biophilic design strategies where possible, incorporating natural elements into our design. Spaces within the school are connected by sun lit pathways, with a covered courtyard and internal garden blurring the boundaries between the indoor and outdoor space. Where the glass facade of the courtyard opens up, the greenery of the garden extends into the indoor spaces.
The new identity of the campus is also defined by a contemporary approach to the use of natural, carbon neutral materials, as well as energy and water infrastructure. Most materials used in the building are sourced from carbon neutral and renewable sources, making use of flexible and reusable materials. Beyond materials, water and energy, our circular design strategies also ensure that spaces can be adapted to the ever changing demands of education over time. | https://igsmag.com/press-releases/unstudio/unstudio-wins-competition-for-business-school-for-the-creative-industries-at-uca-epsom-uk/ |
A surprising amount of chamber music is to be found amongst the surviving works of Johann Sebastian Bach’s eldest son. Above all else, it is music at its most intimate, for it seems to have been composed primarily for the enjoyment of the players themselves. Ricercar, to seek, has been the underlying motto of the Ricercar Consort ever since its foundation. It was in 1985, with J. S. Bach’s Musical Offering, that the ensemble made its first concert tour, having already acquired a solid international reputation with its recordings, notably in German Baroque cantatas and instrumental music. Today, under the direction of Philippe Pierlot, the Ricercar Consort continues to explore the Baroque repertoire, from chamber music to opera and oratorio, and to enthrall music-lovers with performances that are both profound and rigorous. | https://grigorian.com/webstore/view.php?iid=2181469 |
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Emergency Care
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- Then, call University Police and Public Safety by dialing 496 from any campus phone or 610-892-1496 from an outside line.
- Resident students should contact their RA if they need medical attention. The RA is able to contact the professional staff for advice if necessary or decide if emergency care is needed.
In the event of an emergency, an ambulance will be dispatched by calling 911 or University Police. Payment for ambulance services is the responsibility of the student and will be billed directly. | https://www.brandywine.psu.edu/student-life/health-services |
---
abstract: 'First principles density functional calculations within the local spin density approximation (LSDA) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) are reported for pyrochlore Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$ and Cd$_{2}$Re$_{2}$O$_7$. The transition metal $t_{2g}$ manifolds are found to be well separated in energy from the O $2p$ bands and from the higher lying $e_g$ and Cd derived bands. The active electronic structure in the $t_{2g}$ manifold near the Fermi energy, $E_F$ is found to be significantly modified by spin orbit interactions, which we include. Both materials show semi-metallic band structures, in which the $E_F$ lies in an pseudogap. The band structure of Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$ near $E_F$ is dominated by very heavy hole and electron bands, though at $E_F$ the electron sections are lighter. Cd$_{2}$Re$_{2}$O$_7$ has heavy hole bands but moderate mass electron states. The results are discussed in terms of measured transport and thermodynamic properties of these compounds as well as the very different ground states of these two materials.'
address:
- 'Code 6391, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375'
- 'Institut für Physik und Theoretische Cheme, TU Wien, A-1060 Wien, Austria'
- 'Centro Atomica Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina'
author:
- 'D.J. Singh'
- 'P. Blaha and K. Schwarz'
- 'J.O. Sofo'
title: 'Electronic structure of the pyrochlore metals Cd$_{2}$Os$_{2}$O$_7$ and Cd$_{2}$Re$_{2}$O$_7$'
---
[2]{}
Introduction
============
Investigations of transition metal oxides with metal-insulator transitions in their phase diagrams have revealed a remarkable range of interesting, complex and often unanticipated phenomena, including high temperature superconductivity, various charge, spin and orbital ordered states, triplet superconductivity, giant magnetoelastic effects, and heavy Fermion behavior. A good example is provided by the perovskite manganites. Although known for several decades, these compounds were re-investigated in detail during the last few years because of interest in the colossal magnetoresistive effect, which is basically a metal-insulator transition occurring at or near the magnetic ordering temperature for some compositions. What has been revealed is a complex phase diagram including charge, spin and orbital ordered phases resulting from an interplay of strong correlations, strong lattice coupling, and band structure effects.
The pyrochlore oxide, Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$ is metallic at room temperature, but undergoes a metal-insulator transition at 226 K. [@sleight; @mandrus] Upon cooling through the transition, the resistivity, $\rho(T)$, crosses over from a metallic temperature dependence to an insulating ($\rho$ strongly increasing as $T$ is reduced) shape, though it does not fit a standard activated form. Instead, Sleight and co-workers [@sleight] fit $\rho(T)$ to a form consistent with a second order transition where the gap goes smoothly to zero at the critical temperature. Consistent with this, Mandrus and co-workers [@mandrus] report that the specific heat anomaly resembles a mean field transition and shows neither latent heat nor hysteresis. They also reported extensive crystallographic data, showing very little coupling of the transition to lattice degrees of freedom and confirming the purely electronic character of the transition. The specific heat shows a very small but possibly still finite Sommerfeld coefficient (note that the reported lattice part does not fit a simple Debye model complicating the analysis); $\gamma \sim 1 ~$ mJ/[mole K$^2$]{} in the range 2K to 4K and the low $T$ susceptibility is high for an ordered antiferromagnetic insulating phase. The thermopower above the transition is hole-like and small. Just below the transition, the thermopower increases to $+40 ~ \mu V / K$, but then decreases and crosses zero. A very large electron-like thermopower, up to $S = -300 ~ \mu V / K$ is seen well below the transition, [@sleight; @mandrus] This is not expected from the simplest picture of a fully gapped Fermi surface due to a spin density wave. On the other hand, supposing that the metal-insulator transition is magnetic in character, the ground state could be very complicated especially in view of the strong geometric frustration of the pyrochlore lattice and the fact that the interactions are most likely antiferromagnetic. The related compound, Cd$_2$Re$_2$O$_7$, which differs from Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$ by one electron per transition metal, was recently reported to be superconducting at $\sim$1K with a substantial diamagnetic signature. [@hanawa; @jin] It displays metallic properties up to 200K where an apparently isostructural transition of unknown character occurs. [@hanawa; @donohue; @blacklock; @subramanian] Like Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$, this transition shows signatures in electrical transport and susceptibility, though the details differ. Interestingly, the low temperature linear specific heat coefficient for Cd$_2$Re$_2$O$_7$, $\gamma$=30 mJ/molK$^2$ (Ref. ) is similar to the value $\gamma\sim20$mJ/molK$^2$ estimated for the high temperature phase of Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$ (Ref. ) in spite of the difference in electron count and the very different low temperature properties.
Here we report the electronic structures of these two compounds as calculated within the local density approximation (LDA) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), using the general potential linearized augmented planewave (LAPW) method including spin-orbit, which we find important. [@singhlapw; @lapwnote; @blahalapw; @weilapw; @conv] The calculations were done with well converged zone samplings and basis sets (including local orbitals to relax linearization errors and treat semi-core states). The experimental crystal structure at 180K of Mandrus and co-workers, ([*i.e.*]{} $a$=10.1598Å and $x$(O1)=0.319) was used throughout for Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$. [@mandrus] The calculated Hellman-Feynman force on the symmetry unconstrained structural parameter was found to be small with this choice supporting the experimental crystallography. Total energy minimization, within the LDA yields a value $x$(O1)=0.3198. Donohue and co-workers [@donohue] refined the crystal structure of Cd$_2$Re$_2$O$_7$ obtaining $a$=10.219Å and $x$(O1)=0.309. However, this yields rather short Re-O bond lengths, and we note that the refinement is difficult because the compound contains heavy elements and the presence of Cd mandated the use of X-rays rather than neutrons. We performed a relaxation of the internal coordinate within the LDA keeping the lattice parameter fixed at its no doubt reliable experimental value. We obtained $x$(O1)=0.316 in this way. The energy of this relaxed structure was 0.35 eV / cell (4 Re atoms) lower in energy than with the reported value of $x$(O1)=0.309, which is well outside the normal LDA errors. The Raman active $a_{1g}$ phonon frequency corresponding to this coordinate is calculated as 463 cm$^{-1}$. The corresponding frequency for Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$, also calculated in the LDA is almost the same, $\omega$=459 cm$^{-1}$, indicating that the Re compound is not softer than the Os regardless of the unusual Re valence, at least as measured by this particular phonon mode.
In many aspects, the calculations we present are like those presented by Mandrus and co-workers for Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$. However, there is one important difference. We find that spin orbit interactions are significant because of the presence of heavy elements in the structure, and so include them by the usual second variational approach. The inclusion of spin-orbit substantially changes the electronic structure near the Fermi energy. In addition, we allow for magnetism in Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$, which we investigated using self-consistent unconstrained and fixed spin moment calculations. These were done by the method described in Ref. Not surprisingly, our calculated non-spin-polarized band structure for Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$ [*without including spin orbit*]{} is practically identical to that given by Mandrus and co-workers and so is not displayed here. Significantly, it is very metallic and has four Os $d$ derived bands crossing the Fermi energy $E_F$ and other bands. It is difficult to envisage what kind of instability might make it insulating. In the remainder of this report we discuss the band structure [*including spin orbit*]{}, which while similar in many basic aspects differs significantly near $E_F$.
Band Structure
==============
The crystal structure of Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$ features Os ions (nominally Os$^{+5}$, 5$d^3$) at the center of O octahedra. Cd$_2$Re$_2$O$_7$ is similar but with one less 5$d$ electron per transition metal atom. Within an ionic model, assuming nominal charges, one expects a manifold of occupied O $2p$ bands, followed by a partially filled transition metal $t_{2g}$ manifold and a higher lying unnoccupied set of $e_g$ bands. Furthermore, since the actual transition metal site symmetry is weakly rhombohedral (due to the second neighbor coordination), a further crystal field splitting of the $t_{2g}$ manifold is possible.
The calculated LDA band structure of Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$ is shown in Fig. \[ldabands\], while that of Cd$_2$Re$_2$O$_7$ is in Fig. \[re-bands\]. The corresponding non-spin-polarized densities of states (DOS) near $E_F$ are shown in Fig. \[ldados\] and \[re-dos\]. The GGA band structures (not shown) are very similar. As shown by the band structure the $t_{2g}$ and $e_g$ manifolds are cleanly separated from each other, and from the O $2p$ bands by clean gaps, as in the ionic model. However, despite this there is quite strong hybridization between Os $d$ and O $p$ states, reflecting the covalent tendency of $5d$ transition metals relative to $3d$ oxides. Although the actual Os site symmetry is rhombohedral, this part of the crystal field is weak and the band structure shows no apparent further splitting of the $t_{2g}$ derived manifold. It is exactly half-filled and contains 12 bands (note that there are 4 Os ions per unit cell). The $t_{2g}$ band width is 2.85 eV. Considering that the effective Hubbard $U$ is likely 2 eV or less, based on the trends for transition metal oxides, and noting the multichannel character of the $t_{2g}$ manifold, Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$ should not be classified as a strongly correlated material in the sense of having on-site Coulomb correlations play a dominant role in the formation of the electronic structure. This is consistent with the observation of a high temperature metallic phase. [@hub-note]
As mentioned, the $t_{2g}$ manifold, which consists of 12 bands, is exactly half-filled. Unlike the scalar relativisitic band structure, the band structure including spin-orbit shows a semi-metallic structure in the sense that there is a gap between the sixth and seventh bands throughout the Brillouin zone, but because of the dispersions it is not an insulating gap. Instead, there are two electron-like Fermi surfaces. One, from the lowest conduction band is a shell around the $\Gamma$ point, while the other consists of ellipsoids along the $\Gamma$-X lines. Corresponding to these electron surfaces there are hole surfaces at the zone boundary around the W points. This band structure can, at least conceptually, be made insulating in two ways: (1) by increasing the gap between the sixth and seventh bands or (2) by depressing the sixth band at the zone boundary and or raising the, degenerate at $\Gamma$, seventh and eighth bands near the zone center. The heavy masses of these narrow bands is consistent with high thermopowers if a gap is opened. From the band structure, it may be seen that the electron sheets of Fermi surface are lighter (higher velocity) than the hole sections. For the paramagnetic metallic state, the calculated average Fermi velocity is low reflecting these heavy bands, $<v_x^2>^{1/2}=<v_y^2>^{1/2}=<v_z^2>^{1/2}=5.9\times10^6$ cm/s
The calculated electronic DOS, $N(E)$ for Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$ has a large peak just above $E_F$ with $N(E_F) = 9.24$ eV$^{-1}$ on a per formula unit (2 Os atom) basis. The GGA yields a somewhat higher value $N(E_F) = 11.4$ eV$^{-1}$. However, while these numbers are smaller than the scalar relativistic value of 12.7 eV$^{-1}$ reported by Mandrus and co-workers, [@mandrus]. our LDA specific heat coefficient $\gamma$=22 mJ/molK$^2$ is still consistent within the range of electronic specific heats above the transition as estimated from experiment. [@mandrus] This leaves little room for enhancement by electron phonon interactions or beyond density functional many body correlations.
The band structure and corresponding DOS for Cd$_2$Re$_2$O$_7$ are shown in Figs. \[re-bands\] and \[re-dos\], respectively. As may be seen from the upper panel of Fig. \[re-bands\], the large energy scale electronic structure is like that of Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$, and in particular the nominal ionic model is valid, with $E_F$ falling in an isolated manifold of transition metal $t_{2g}$ states. However, a closer examination (lower panel of Fig. \[re-bands\]) shows that the differences from the Os compound are not at all well described by a rigid band model. The band structure, like that of the Os compound is semi-metallic. In particular, there is a clean pseudogap between the fourth and fifth bands, and since there are eight $d$ electrons per cell the nominal Fermi energy lies between them The Fermi surfaces consist of nearly spherical, moderate mass $\Gamma$ centered electron pockets from the fifth and sixth bands in the $t_{2g}$ manifold ($m^*\sim1.2$), and very heavy hole sections from near the zone boundary. These enclose a total of 0.15 e/cell and an equal number of holes. As may be seen, this is less symmetric than the situation in Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$. However, because of the semi-metallic character, which places $E_F$ near the band edges, the velocity is still rather low, $<v_x^2>^{1/2}=7.5\times10^6$ cm/s. Jin and co-workers [@jin] report that the Hall number is quite $T$ dependent, but is electron-like at low temperatures. This is consistent with our band structure, which has both electron and hole sheets, but with much lighter electron sheets, which will dominate the conductivity due to their higher velocities.
The calculated $N(E_F)$ for Cd$_2$Re$_2$O$_7$ is 5.3 eV$^{-1}$ per formula unit, and is derived mainly from the heavy hole bands. This corresponds to a bare band specific heat $\gamma$=12.4 mJ/molK$^2$. Comparing with the measured value of 29.6 mJ/molK$^2$ (Ref. ) one obtains an enhancement $(1+\lambda_{total})=2.4$ or $\lambda_{total}=1.4$, a reasonable value for a known superconductor.
The plasma frequency for Cd$_2$Re$_2$O$_7$ from the calculated $N(E_F)$ and $<v_x^2>$ is $\hbar\omega_p$=1.3eV. Within Boltzmann tranport theory for conventional metals, the slope of the intrinsic resistivity, in the moderate temperature linear regime, is given by $\partial\rho / \partial T=(8\pi^2\hbar k_B\lambda_{tr})/(\hbar\omega_p)^2$, where $\lambda_{tr}$ is the transport electron phonon coupling, often a reasonable approximation to the superconducting coupling $\lambda$. Jin and co-workers [@jin] report approximately linear $\rho$ vs. $T$ from approximately 50-200K. However, the two reported samples differ by a factor of more than three in $\partial\rho / \partial T$, providing a broad range of $\lambda_{tr}$ from 0.75 to 2.5. This is problematic, as according to the experimental data $\partial\rho / \partial T$ displays unusual though fine structure in this T range, and then changes discontinuously to a value near zero at the transition. It is extremely hard to imagine such a drastic change in $\lambda_{tr}$ originating from the conventional mechanism, as it would suggest a high temperature phase with almost no electron phonon scattering, which crosses over into a moderate to strong coupled low temperature phase.
The bare susceptibility from the value $N(E_F)$ is $\chi_{B}=1.69\times10^{-4}$ emu/mol. The experimental data show a large spread. Jin and co-workers [@jin] estimate $\chi(0)$=5.4$\times10^{-4}$ emu/mol, while Hanawa and co-workers [@hanawa] obtain 3.0 $\times10^{-4}$ emu/mol at low temperature, rising to $\approx 5\times10^{-4}$ emu/mol above the 200K phase transition. This corresponds to Wilson ratios $R_W$ from 0.74 to 1.3, which are low for a transition metal oxide, but would indicate weak electron correlations in the presence of a moderate electron phonon coupling.
Magnetism in C$_2$O$_2$O$_7$
============================
It should be noted that the high value of $(N_F)$ obtained in Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$ would lead to a strong magnetic instability in a 3$d$ based material, but is marginal here. This can be understood in terms of the expected lower Stoner parameter $I$ in a 5$d$ compound. The peak near $E_F$ derives from the flat practically dispersionless band that lies just above $E_F$ over most of the zone. The relatively high $N(E_F)$ suggests the possibility of a Stoner instability against ferromagnetism. We checked for this both within the LSDA and GGA using fixed spin moment calculations, but found that Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$ is predicted to be stable against ferromagnetism, so there is not such an instability. The calculated susceptibility is $\chi = 9.0\times10^{-7}$ emu/g in the LSDA. This was determined from a fourth order fit of the energy [*vs.*]{} moment for the small moment part of Fig. \[fsm\]. The bare Pauli susceptibility from $N(E_F)$ is $\chi_{B} = 4.2\times10^{-7}$ emu/g, which yields a Stoner enhancement of $(1-NI)^{-1}\sim2.2$. The GGA, which sometimes overestimates the tendency towards magnetism in 4$d$ and 5$d$ oxides, places Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$ closer to a magnetic instability, with $\chi = 2.4\times10^{-6}$ emu/g and $\chi/\chi_{B} = (1-NI)^{-1}\sim6$. Taking into account the difference in the LDA and GGA values of $N(E_F)$, the GGA value of the effective Stoner $I$ is 50% higher than the corresponding LDA value. This is reminiscent of the situation for Sr$_2$RuO$_4$, where LSDA calculations correctly produce a paramagnetic state, while the GGA produces an incorrect ferromagnetic ground state, [@mazin; @degroot] due to an overestimated $I$. In any case, Stoner ferromagnetism would rigidly exchange split the band structure, at least for small moments; as can be seen from the band structure, this would not result in an insulating electronic structure.
The band structure is quite isotropic (note [*e.g.*]{} the similar dispersions around $E_F$ along $\Gamma$-X and $\Gamma$-L in Fig. \[ldabands\]) and does not display strong nesting. Thus there is no obvious preferred wavevector to check in searching for a magnetic instability. However, noting that there are four Os atoms in the unit cell, we checked for a $\Gamma$ point antiferromagnetic instability, in which two of the four Os atoms are spin up and two are spin down. In principle, a state like this could produce an insulating band structure. This is because the site dependent on-site exchange splittings reduce hopping between opposite spin Os atoms, thus potentially narrowing the bands enough to open the pseudogap between the sixth and seventh bands producing a full band gap. While we find that Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$ is unstable against such an antiferromagnetic ordering in the GGA without spin orbit, we find that spin-orbit favors the paramagnetic state. In the LSDA an antiferromagnetic ordering of this type does not occur. Within the GGA, including spin-orbit, we find that the material is on the borderline of an instability against this antiferromagnetic order. The resulting antiferromagnetic state, with spin moments of $\approx$ 0.3 $\mu_B$/Os, has the same energy as the paramagnetic state to within the precision of our calculations. Furthermore, with this size of moments, the band narrowing is insufficient to destroy the metallic state. The Os sublattice consists of corner sharing tetrahedra, with the Os atoms at the corners. As a result it is not possible to find a structure in which all nearest neighbor Os bonds are antiferromagnetic, and additionally, the lattice is strongly geometrically frustrated for nearest neighbor spin Hamiltonians. However, based on our band structure results, the proximity of Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$ to magnetism is itinerant in nature, and therefore cannot be described in terms of simple nearest neighbor spin Hamiltonians. In fact, the experimental low thermodynamic data do not show any evidence of a large near ground state degeneracy. However, it is still the case that the simple collinear antiferromagnetic state we considered is favored relative to a ferromagnetic state, and so one may speculate that more complicated arrangements that would better fulfill a tendency for antiferromagnetic neighbors may be lower in energy. In particular, even though small moment itinerant magnets are generally collinear, as may be understood from arguments based on band kinetic energy considerations, here for want of a better alternative, one might postulate that a non-collinear ground state may occur. One example of such a state would be an arrangement in which the Os moments are directed either towards or away from the center of the tetrahedra. Such a state could be at the $\Gamma$ point or could have the character of a spin density wave, with modulation at a non-zero wavevector.
Each Os atom has two like spin and four opposite spin neighbors, in the simple antiferromagnetic configuration we calculated. On the pyrochlore lattice, this leaves a fully connected 3D network of like spin nearest neighbor atoms. One may speculate that a more complex arrangement that disrupts this fully connected network (as the non-collinear arrangement mentioned above would do) would narrow the bands enough to produce an insulating state. It is unclear whether such a state would be energetically favored here. However, the fact that we find the simple collinear antiferromagnetic state to be at least marginally stable in the GGA and favored with respect to ferromagnetism, may suggest that it is at least possible. In an itinerant magnetic state, like the one discussed above, the magnetic interactions in real space are inherently long range, so depression of the ordering temperature, $T_N$ due to geometric frustration is not to be expected. Still we emphasize that this scenario is not well supported by the current results for three reasons: (1) It is unclear that a purely magnetic instability exists in the LSDA, which may be a better approximation than the GGA for 5$d$ compounds. An alternate scenario is a transition involving both charge and spin ordering, though there is not presently evidence for a charge density wave in the experimental data; (2) Non-collinear states, as mentioned, are generally not found or expected in itinerant low moment magnets; and finally (3) even if the system has magnetic instabilities it is unclear that they could be strong enough to produce a transition temperature above 200K.
Summary, Discussion and Conclusions
===================================
Band structure calculations for Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$ and Cd$_2$Re$_2$O$_7$ show a considerable sensitivity of the electronic structure near $E_F$ to spin orbit interactions. Both materials show semi-metallic band structures with heavy bands near $E_F$. Cd$_2$Re$_2$O$_7$ has heavy hole bands near the zone boundary and relatively light electron pockets around $\Gamma$, while the electronic structure of Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$ is dominated by heavy bands for both the holes and electrons. Interestingly, because of the higher $N(E_F)$ in Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$, the transport function, $Nv^2$ differs by only 7$\%$. However, the specific heat enhancement in Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$ is apparently quite small, while that in Cd$_2$Re$_2$O$_7$ is 2.4, leaving little room for electron-phonon interactions or simple many electron effects in the former. Furthermore, while Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$ is at least near antiferromagnetism in the GGA, neither compound shows a clear proximity to magnetism in the LSDA, which may be a more reasonable approximation for 5$d$ compounds. There are no clear nesting features in the band structures that would suggest spin or charge density wave Fermi surface instabilities.
It is tempting to speculate that the metal-insulator transition in Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$ and the 200K transition in Cd$_2$Re$_2$O$_7$ are related to some common feature in their electronic structures. In this regard, we note that although they have different electron counts, both compounds have semimetallic band structures each with nominally equal numbers of holes and electrons dominated by very heavy bands. This is suggestive of a excitonic instability of the Fermi surface of the type proposed by Mott [@mott] and reviewed by Halperin and Rice. [@halperin] The theory in its simplest form involves pairing between electrons on one sheet of Fermi surface and holes on another. Conditions that favor such a state are (1) heavy band masses (2) low carrier densities and (3) similar sizes and shapes of Fermi surfaces, although the latter condition can sometimes be relaxed as discussed in Ref. . Such an instability is purely electronic, and in contrast to [*e.g.*]{} a charge density wave need not be coupled significantly to lattice degrees of freedom. The excitonic state may be either singlet, or triplet. Furthermore it can coexist with superconductivity [@ginzburg; @mattis; @kopaev] or band ferromagnetism, [@volkov; @ovchinnikov; @zhitomirsky] provided that there are excess carriers. While such a transition is due to electron correlations, it is not associated with an on-site Hubbard-like Coulomb repulsion, but rather [**k**]{} dependent correlations near $E_F$. Importantly, the formation of an excitonic state involves weak thermodynamic signatures (it involves electrons only within a distance determined by the exciton binding energy from $E_F$) and is continuous.
The general phenomenology of an excitonic metal insulator transition would seem to fit experimental knowledge and the above band structure results for Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$, especially for triplet pairing. [@pairing-note] The key parameters determining whether such a state can be formed are the exciton binding energy and the degree to which the size and shape of the electron and hole Fermi surfaces match in [**k**]{} as compared to the inverse size of an exciton. We cannot assess these as we do have the effective dielectric screening. However, we note that the very heavy bands should help to produce small excitons and favor this possibility. The situation in Cd$_2$Re$_2$O$_7$ is similar. However, in this material the 200K transition is between two metallic states. Within the excitonic scenario the metallic conduction below 200K and the superconductivity depend on the existence of non-paired carriers below the transition. These could be provided by [*e.g.*]{} slight off-stoichiometry, which may perhaps be anticipated from the unusual Re valence. This doping could be sample dependent providing an explanation of the very different $\partial\rho / \partial T$ and the different $T_c$ of the two reported samples discussed above.
We emphasize that the above discussion of excitonic states in Cd$_2$Os$_2$O$_7$ and Cd$_2$Re$_2$O$_7$ is speculative. However, if it is so, these materials will be interesting novel tests of many body theories of excitonic phases, including superconductivity, possible triplet pairing and the presence of strong spin-orbit interactions.
We are grateful for helpful discussions with D. Mandrus, W.E. Pickett and S.G. Ovchinnikov. Computations were performed using facilities of the DoD HPCMO ASC center. Work at the Naval Research Laboratory is supported by the Office of the Naval Research. J.O.S. is supported by CONICET Argentina.
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Changes in historiography and historical methods challenged the professional historian’s obsession with the state archive from the late 19th century, but the distance between academic and public histories continued to grow wider in the 20th century. The possibility of bringing public and academic histories together to make history-writing a meaningful activity for both the public and the historian has been done by treating the visual as an archive which no historian can ignore in the age of smartphones, internet and fake news. By imaginatively integrating the visual and literary archives, the historian can reclaim a social relevance denied to him by the very practice of professional academic history.
Dastan-e-Ghadar: The Tale of the Mutiny by Zahir Dehlvi, translated from Urdu by Rana Safvi, Penguin Random House India, 2017; pp 327, ₹599.
Oral history is an aid to movements for social justice across the world. It is particularly significant in countries like India where literacy levels are low and where memories of the oppressed are routinely erased from public memory. This article questions the presumed superiority of the written over the oral. It presents a critique of “establishment” historiography and suggests that historians should adopt a receptive and balanced approach to different forms of history. Oral history reorients the historian’s craft in interesting ways. The oral history method is crucial for capturing histories that flourish outside the dominant narratives of modern societies.
Bhagat Singh had a number of political choices before him but the fact that he consciously abjured them in favour of a fiery independence, atheism and internationalism is worthy of introspection, if not emulation.
The myth of India being a largely vegetarian country is shattered by the fact that across the country, the great majority of people consume meat and fish.
Hinduism and the Ethics of Warfare in South Asia: From Antiquity to the Present by Kaushik Roy (New Delhi: Cambridge University Press), 2012; pp 288, Rs 995 (hardcover).
While sympathising with the general critique of Eurocentrism expressed by Claude Alvares in his critical essay on the social sciences in India (EPW, 28 May 2011), this response finds some of his contentions problematic. It appears that Alvares' overall submission is based on a couple of preconceived conceptual binaries such as European/non-European and Eurocentric/indigenous.
Understanding Politics and Society (1910-1997) by Hardwari Lal, edited by Prem Chowdhry (New Delhi: Manak Publications), 2010; pp 423, Rs 700.
This critique of Indian cinema concentrates on the bourgeoisie, the presumed harbinger of modernity and executor of modernisation in India. Historically this class was produced by the interaction of colonial rule with the traditional elite of India. The national project of this heterogeneous class, spanning the colonial, post-colonial and neocolonial periods of Indian history, has always been problematic. Indian cinema showcases the nation in varying contexts. Though the nation state ideal continuously changed in India from the early 20th century bourgeois social engineering in the country has upheld patriarchy and caste against the grain of historical change.
A critical understanding of Nehruvian idealism is needed especially when there is a tendency to hold Nehru responsible for nearly everything that was wrong with India before liberalisation and globalisation. This paper evaluates Nehru's vision on Asian cooperation and argues that this was neither an armchair nor an utopian vision but historically grounded in concrete political struggle and personal experience. Revisiting his idealism offers the possibility of fashioning a stronger and real ground for shaping another resurgence. | https://www.epw.in/author/anirudh-deshpande |
Civilization as we know it would be impossible without oil, as it fuels every modern mode of transport, civilian and military. Over 130 nations now import their oil, a vast web of vulnerability. Moreover, oil’s bounty completely inverts the modern order of nations, giving former colonies resource dominance over former colonizers. Advanced nations, meanwhile, have built societies of unprecedented wealth and freedom on the back of a commodity that now comes from often troubled, repressive regimes—regimes who view their oil not merely as an origin of wealth, but a foundation of their very sovereignty. This course will take up:
--the nature of petroleum, basic geologic factors, and the definition and distribution of reserves
--the global oil industry, its history, development, and economics
--centers of global demand and supply; -the idea of peak oil and reality of shale oil
--the role of technology (including fracking)
--patterns of conflict and cooperation in oil geopolitics; resource nationalism and the "oil curse"
--case studies: East Asia and the Persian Gulf; U.S. and Saudi Arabia; China, Europe and Central Asia
--petroleum and climate change
--alternatives to oil: their status and outlook
Syllabus
Task Force: A New Great Game? U.S. Interests in Central Asia
Due to geography, resources, and long-term borderland status, Central Asia has been a nexus of great power rivalry since the 19th century. Today, as a result of the war in Afghanistan and recent discoveries of large oil/gas reserves, conflict and competition have several dimensions and directly involve Europe, Russia, China, and the U.S. One dimension is the huge volume of recoverable oil and gas to which Europe and China desperately want access, but which Russia wishes to control as part of its “near abroad.” As the U.S. withdraws from Afghanistan over the next year, concerns over regional stability will take precedence. This Task Force will: 1) analyze current political, economic, and social conditions in the three mentioned countries; 2) evaluate specific U.S. interests and policies in light of the mentioned analyses; 3) answer the question: how important are these countries to U.S. foreign policy and how important should they be; and 4) suggest improvements to these policies, which might involve amending, deleting, or replacing those presently in action. Final Class Report
Energy and Sustainability in East Asia
In 2008, East Asia became the largest energy consuming region on Earth, as well as the largest producer of greenhouse gases. In 2010, China surpassed the U.S. in total energy use, and by 2015 it will likely become the largest importer of oil as well. These realities mark a profound shift in the nature of the modern world. After 200 years, rich, western nations are no longer at the center of the global energy system. Led by China, with its overwhelming dependence on coal and oil, E. Asia presents the major challenge as to whether humanity can frame a more sustainable future and avoid the worst effects of climate change. At the same time, the region remains home to many conflicts dating from WWII—between China and Japan, between Russia and China, and between North Korea and the rest of the region. These conflicts are all re-written in the complex energy relations that typify this region. This class will examine and discuss these critical realities related to energy and the issues they raise not only for East Asia, but the world and its challenge to forge a more sustainable future. Syllabus
Previous Courses at the University of Washington
Energy in East Asia: 2005-Present
Readings in the History of Democracy
Conceiving the Future: Readings in a Post-Western World
U.S. Energy Policy
Science and Art: Visualizing the Natural World (Honors course)
Big Business and the American Public: A History of Attitudes (Honors course)
English as the Global Language of Science (Honors course)
Distant Lands and Foreign Eyes: Classics of Travel Literature
Task Force - Past Subjects
World Energy Resources (2004)
Geopolitics of Global Energy (2005)
Climate Change: Scientific and Policy Perspectives (2006)
Climate Change: Realities and Issues for U.S. Policy (2007)
Climate Change and U.S. Policy: The Changing Context (2008)
The Nuclear Option: Carbon Mitigation in East Asia (2011)
Treasures of the Caspian: The Coming Struggle for Energy East and West (2012)
A New Great Game? U.S. Interests in Central Asia--Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan (2013)
Geopolitics of Language
In this class, we will address issues related to the influences between language, politics, and history. This will include examining the role of English as a global language, and also other world languages such as Spanish, French, Russian, and Chinese. We will study the phenomenon of language policy, its relation to ideas of nationalism, ethnicity, and culture, as well as its development in selected nations and organizations, such as the EU, the UN, ASEAN, the countries of eastern Europe, the Baltic region, and Central Asia after the fall of Soviet Communism, and more. Time will be spent on the major linguistic trends in the world today, including increasing multilingualism, language change, links between such change and economic development, and the tragic phenomenon of endangered languages and efforts to protect them.
Energy, Technology, and Sustainability
Two week section of a team-taught course in Sustainability. This section includes lectures on trends in global energy and technology, the meaning of "sustainability" in the energy realm, fossil fuel resources, the present and future status of non-carbon energy sources, and future scenarios for both sustainable and non-sustainable development. | http://scottlmontgomery.com/teaching.html |
Quantitative data, for this study, showed no significant difference in using decentralized collaborative group work, however collaboration did allow each student to contribute to the finished assignment. Each student was accountable for their own slide and script in a screen-casting they put together at the end. Working in groups promotes the Touro Value of "Collaboration and (promoting) a sense of community." In giving each student a role in their group the process focuses on "Student-centered education." Technology also played an important role, by proving the students with a platform to express their ideas, they were able to solidify what they had learned and go on to find deeper understanding through teaching. In this way each students thoughts were given the proper "Respect for the inherent value and dignity of each individual," and in becoming student teachers they were able to develop "Compassion (for one another) and (become a) service to (their own) society."
Next Steps
There was some promising data to show a positive effect of background knowledge, digital intervention, and Direct Instruction to inspire future studies. The study should be extended to find the effect working with partners and using tutorials and games has on English Language Learners and to what degree that practice provides background knowledge such that all students are able to fully participate in collaborative groups. It would also be interesting to discover the effects background knowledge providing techniques has on each step of the mathematical decryption process, beyond identifying the interrogative. When such background knowledge is established, further research should be done on the effectiveness of direct instruction to students with this knowledge. It would be valuable to include both quantitative and qualitative data concerning student engagement in digital projects created to solve real world problems. And to repeat the process to find what degree background knowledge and direct instruction effect student comprehension, critical thinking and explanations in a grade level math word problem.
Inter-professionalism is Key
I have found in this study that Touro's "promotion of inter-professionalism" is key in discovering the avenues to which we may reach our students. Collaborating with other teachers and administrators has opened many doors to promote my students success as I hope this study inspires others to do. Possible new ventures might include presentation to my staff, sharing with the district planning committee and presentations with Solano County Office of Education. | http://www.learninginnovationlab.com/blood-support-and-next-steps.html |
Design and implement plans to ensure infrastructure capacity meets existing and future requirements.
Develop, implement, and maintain policies, procedures, and associated plans for infrastructure administration.
Participate/lead the development of IT strategies in collaboration with the executive team.
Conduct research and make recommendations on products, services, protocols, and standards in support of all infrastructure procurement and development efforts.
Direct development and execution of disaster recovery and business continuity plan.
Partner with business units to determine key issues and challenges need to be improved and determine effective solutions.
Develop proposals and negotiate with vendors, outsourcers, and contractors to infrastructure-specific products and services.
Assist with the planning and deployment of infrastructure security controls and practices.
Manage relationships and operational activities with managed service and technology providers.
Plan, direct and manage the operation of systems and network infrastructure. This includes Windows servers, application servers, storage, database servers, file and print servers, backup services, email servers and gateways, DNS, DHCP and Active Directory.
Manage and oversee the planning, design, implementation and documentation of all new infrastructure projects and upgrades to existing infrastructure.
Provide regular project status updates on schedule, budget, and deliverables.
Develop standards and operational procedures that support current and future operational needs.
Develop and implement departmental metrics and uptime statistics. Ensure timely resolution of service incidents and completion of service requests.
Develop and implement IT Change Management procedures.
Maintain infrastructure security, reduce threat profile, and secure vulnerabilities using best practices.
Able to conduct research into issues and products as required.
Ability to present ideas in a user-friendly language.
Four-year university degree or college diploma in the field of computer science and/or equivalent work experience.
5 years' experience managing and delivering infrastructure design & deployment and operational excellence.
Hands-on experience in diagnosing and troubleshooting issues; effectively triage performance issues and perform root cause analysis.
Excellent organizational and time management skills, with the ability to deliver commitments while juggling multiple priorities.
Good understanding of the organization's goals and objectives. | http://www.jobspider.com/job/view-job-8338348.html |
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USGS Climate Change Study Predicts Bleak Future for Birds and Reptiles in Southwest
A new study from the U.S. Geological Survey paints a troubling picture for birds and reptiles in the Southwest. Scientists examined current and future breeding ranges for seven bird and five reptile species in the Southwest in the context of several key climate models. The findings, released this week, found that two birds—Williamson’s sapsucker and the pygmy nuthatch—could lose so much habitat that they could be close to extinction by the end of this century. Neither bird is a currently a candidate for endangered species protections.
Also, more than 40 percent of existing habitat could be lost for plateau striped whiptails, Arizona black rattlesnakes and common lesser earless lizards.
“It’s startling to see such a bleak picture laid out for these wildlife species in the Southwest,” said Collette Adkins Giese, a Center for Biological Diversity biologist and attorney focused on protecting reptiles and amphibians. “Left unchecked, global warming will push many species to the brink of extinction and many more right over the edge.”
The study, Projecting Climate Effects on Birds and Reptiles of the Southwestern United States, used models that looked at climatic, landscape and plant variables in examining how specific species will react to climate change. Although the resulting ranges of the species varied widely under different scenarios, the study highlights the severe price that some species will pay as climate change alters the landscape around them.
“Climate change will be an agent of fast-moving chaos, and tragically, many animals simply won’t be able to adapt fast enough,” said Adkins Giese. “We’ll see it in the Southwest and around the globe. The result will be a world that’s less alive and less wild and frankly lonelier for those of us who remain.”
Overall, global warming around the world will destroy more than half the habitats of most plants and about a third of animal habitats by 2080, according to a 2013 study in the journal Nature Climate Change. Last week the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released a new study on the impacts of global warming, noting that chinook salmon in the Pacific Northwest, for example, may decline as much as 50 percent in the coming decades. Rising temperatures and ocean acidity caused by carbon pollution are already hurting coral reefs from Florida to Australia.
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Vitamin D, also known as the sunshine vitamin, is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for optimal health.
The First Step in Managing Plastic Waste Is Measuring It – Here’s How We Did It for One Caribbean Country
By Clyde Eiríkur Hull and Eric Williams
Countries around the world throw away millions of tons of plastic trash every year. Finding ways to manage plastic waste is daunting even for wealthy nations, but for smaller and less-developed countries it can be overwhelming.
In recent years, functional foods have gained popularity within health and wellness circles.
One of Our Most Important Environmental Laws Just Turned 50—Cue Trump Attacking It
By Jeff Turrentine
To celebrate the 50th birthday of one of America's most important environmental laws, President Trump has decided to make a mockery out of it.
Trending
Electric Vehicles Likely to Be as Cheap as Conventional Cars by 2025, Says Economist
In 2018, there were about 5 million electric cars on the road globally. It sounds like a large number, but with well over a billion cars worldwide, electric vehicles are still only a small percentage. | https://www.ecowatch.com/usgs-climate-change-study-predicts-bleak-future-for-birds-and-reptiles-1881887071.html |
It is advisable to refer to the publisher's version if you intend to cite from this work. See Guidance on citing.
To link to this item DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2019.00065
Abstract/Summary
Bilingual children are a heterogeneous population, as the amount of input and use of their languages may differ due to various factors, for example, the status of each language (majority, minority), which language is used in the school, and whether children are acquiring literacy in one or both languages. Their language ability depends to a large extent on the use of each language and on whether they each language at the same rate. The aim of the study was to investigate how primary school bilingual children in the UK perform on several domains of language and reading skills and how these relate to language dominance. Moreover, it addressed how this performance is affected by a range of contextual factors and whether there are cross-language relationships in the children’s language and reading abilities. Forty Greek-English bilingual children in Year 1 and Year 3 were tested on vocabulary, phonological awareness, morphological awareness, morpho-syntax, and decoding in Greek and English. The results showed that as a group, the children were Greek dominant before the age of 4 but English dominant now and confirm that language dominance could change even before children enter school and affects language and literacy skills equally. A strong relationship between language use and performance was only in evidence in the minority language, which suggests that parental effort should be directed towards the minority language because schooling appears to level out differences in the majority language. There was no negative relationship between the use of the heritage language and children’s language and reading performance in the majority language. In contrast, significant positive cross-language associations were revealed among vocabulary, phonological awareness, inflectional morphology and decoding skills. The practical implications of this study are that parents and teachers should be informed for the positive effects of heritage language use in and outside the home for the maintenance of the heritage language and for the development of the children’s language and literacy skills. | https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/85801/ |
This constitution reflects everlasting wisdom and Cologne's way of life. When you want to successfully integrate in the Rhineland area, you need to cope width Jekken / Narren - fools. Take it easy and you have almost won. When you are a "real" member of a carnivals' club, then you won't have to worry about integration anymore. However, it will not be too easy to join.
Below you will find in the right column a quadruple translation of the Cologne dialect:
1st) interpretation in standard German,
2nd) a more literal translation in high-German,
3rd) an English interpretation,
4th) a more literal translation into English.
|Et es wie et es.||Sieh den Tatsachen ins Auge.|
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Es ist wie es ist.
|Face up to the facts.|
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It is like it is.
|Et kütt wie et kütt.||Habe keine Angst vor der Zukunft.|
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Es kommt wie es kommt.
|Don't be afraid for the future.|
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Whatever will be, will be.
|Et hätt noch immer jot jejange.||Lerne aus der Vergangenheit.|
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Es ist schon immer gut gegangen.
|Learn from the past.|
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It has always worked out.
|Wat fott es, es fott.||Jammere den Dingen nicht nach.|
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Was weg ist, ist weg.
|Don't cry over spilt milk.|
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Whatever is gone, is gone.
|Nix bliev wie et wor.||Sei offen für Neuerungen.|
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Nichts bleibt wie es war.
|Be open to improvements.|
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Nothing remains as it was.
|Kenne mer nit,
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bruche mer nit,
fott domet.
|Seid kritisch, wenn Neuerungen überhand nehmen.|
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Kennen wir nicht, brauchen wir nicht,
|Be critical when improvements get the overhand.|
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What we don't know, we don't need,
|Wat wellste maache?||Füge dich in dein Schicksal.|
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Was willst Du machen?
|Yield to your fate.|
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Whaddaya gonna do `gainst it?
|Mach et jot ävver nit ze off.||Achte auf deine Gesundheit.|
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Mach es gut, aber nicht zu oft.
|Take care of your health.|
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Fare well but not too often.
|Wat soll dä Quatsch?||Stelle immer erst die Universalfrage.|
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Was soll der Quatsch?
|Always, first ask the meaning of life.|
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What the heck is that?
|Drinkste ene met?||Komme dem Gebot der Gastfreundschaft nach.|
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Trinkst Du eine mit?
|Follow the commandment of hospitality.|
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Join in! Let's have a drink!
|Do laachste dech kapott.||Bewahre dir eine gesunde Einstellung zum Humor.|
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Da lachst Du Dich kaputt.
|Keep a healthy attitude to humor.|
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You'll split your sides laughing.
Halloween is just around the block. This event is becoming ever more popular in Germany. But what is this Halloween? Where does it come from? What should be considered while trick-or-treating? We are answering these questions and more in this article.
Halloween is not at all a pure American custom as many like to believe. This over 5000 year tradition is an import from Irish immigrants to the States. Way back then the Celts only knew two seasons, summer (which began in May and ended in October and Winter (which started in November and ran until April). On October 31, summer ended for them and had the name "Samhain". People of those days believed that the world of the living met the world of the dead. During this one day, the dead had their chance to snitch a soul and so possibly obtain a chance for life after death. In order to honor and woo the dead, food and drinks were put in front of one's house. To really scare away the dead, people masqueraded with horrible masks and noisily roamed the area.
Around 800 A.D., the Catholic Church tried to superimpose this "party" with its important festival "All Saints Day" which is celebrated on November 1st or in English "All Hallow's Eve" which became "Halloween" is the evening before the hallowed "All Saints Day". The idea behind the festival is to honor the dead of the months May to November. In the mid 19th century, the Irish brought this custom to the States, where it soon gained great popularity.
Also this custom "trick or treat", of either threatening to play a practical trick or prevent this by freely giving out sweets, has come over to Germany from the States. This goes back to the Welsh tradition of "Cennad y Meirw". The better off members of the community prepared festive meals for "Samhain". The poor members of the community went from door to door and collected for the ancestors that passed away. While doing so, they wore masks, the so-called "Cenhadon" which represent either the passed away or not to be recognized evil spirits. It was considered a sacrilege to deny such alms and this inevitably lead to damaging the house or other possessions.
Nowadays, as consumption is the name of the game this historic aspect has gone totally lost. Today, only kids dress as witches, vampires, ghosts and whatever else. When they roam the streets, parents (dressed normally) only make sure the kids do not get lost. In Germany, kids shout "Süßes oder Saures" and this can actually be translated into "trick or treat".
Whenever visited adults dare to deny the giving out of any sweets, they will often experience a funny trick, like toothpaste on the door knob. In some cases, an evil trick will be played, like fire crackers in a mailbox or (rotten) eggs thrown on the house facade. For such cases, it will be good to know who can be held liable for such trick.
Children under 7 years are pursuant to §828 I BGB generally not liable for any torts - and in traffic matters even until 10 (§828 II BGB). Children older than seven but younger than 18 are only then responsible when they have the necessary discernment. These rules exclusively relate to civil liability; the following regulations apply to criminal liability. When it comes to criminal damage (§303 StGB), minors under 14 are not subject to punishment. And minors above 14 can be fined without further discussion. Keep in mind, though minors typically have no funds but such a fine can be enforced any time within 30 years. So the damaged person may quickly sue but must wait - until the child starts earning money.
Liability of the parents for damages caused by their offspring? This will be the case, when they have breached their duty to supervise (§1631 BGB). In such case, parents can be held liable pursuant to §832 BGB. As always, the individual situation has to be considered. When the parents did watch the play of their children correctly and the brat did damage something of another person, then the person suffering the damage will be stuck with the costs.
Conclusion: To prevent damages at Halloween, parents are to instruct their kids accordingly on the boundary between fun and maliciousness. Best would be to have an adult accompany the kids - maybe pool the kids from the neighborhood. At the very minimum it is advisable to take out a private liability insurance. You don't have any yet. Check out the business directory for insurance agents.
Not only kids have their fun on Halloween, adults have picked this event for partying. It will be "really authentic" when one is dressed up as a witch, zombie, ghost, or skeleton. When you set yourself behind the steering wheel all masqueraded and have a problem to fully hear and see, the police can admonish you with a fine of € 10. When it comes to an accident and you look like a skeleton, then you might lose - the protection of your car insurance. Being drunk, that will not only costs you insurance coverage but also points in Flensburg.
The tradition of putting a candle in a pumpkin comes from Ireland. However, at home they used beets, but as they emigrated to the U.S.A., they noticed there were more pumpkins than beets in the States, therefore they switched vegetables.
The legend of Jack O' Lantern originally goes back to an Irish tale. A guy named Jack O. was constantly drunk and did only evil during his life time. But on the other hand, he was also pretty witty. As one fine day, the devil visited him, Jack managed to lure the devil on to a tree top and afterwards carved a cross in the bark that the devil might not come down from the tree. Only after the devil promised him that he would not tease Jack, did Jack let him come down.
Years later Jack died. Due to his history, and because he got involved with the devil, heaven closed its gates on him. The devil, still annoyed, also did not let him into hell. Instead of that, he put a hollow beet with a glimmering piece of coal inside so that Jack can find his way between heaven and hell in the darkness. This lantern was dubbed Jack O' Lantern.
So spooky Halloween.
While almost everybody else in Europe is hyped up with excitement about soccer, we have – in spite all resistance – become affected from this fever. Excuse me, yes, not just “soccer” but the Euro and world Cup. Since we are all about law, we would like to introduce you to the most important rules of the tournament and individual games. After having studied this article, you can dare to ask further questions of any soccer fan among your acquaintances without having to show that you are still a rookie.
|Course of the Game(s)
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Kickoff, Goal-Kick and Referee’s Ball
|Offside Trap
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Free-Kick and Penalty Kick
Admonitions and Sending off
Competition is governed by the rules from UEFA (Union of European Football Associations) and further for the games the rules of IFAB (International Football Association Board) are also to be applied.
The whole event starts with the Preliminary Rounds. All participating nations are divided into four round-robin groups with four teams each. The allotment to a certain group is done by the drawing of lots. Each team plays each other member team of its group. One victory brings three points, a tie awards one point and a defeat brings no points. If after all group games two or more teams end with the same score, placement will then be determined by several criteria. For example, by the points won through direct matches, after that the number of goals obtained through direct matches, and by the number of goals of all groups.
Teams that are ranked first and second from each group qualify for the quarterfinals. Starting with the quarterfinals, advancement is through the knockout system: The winners of the quarterfinals compete against each other in the semi-finals. The winners of the semi-finals play in the finals (the semi-final losers play each other to determine the ‘bronze’ ranking). The winner in the finals receives the cup and is European Champion.
Whenever two competing teams obtain the same number of points in quarterfinals, semi-finals, and in the finals, then the game will be extended twice for 15 minutes. If still no goal difference is obtained by the conclusion of the extensions, the game becomes really exciting in the penalty shoot-out. Note: The rather unpopular "Golden Goal" was abolished after the EM 2004 – to the joy of many fans.
The winner is the team which gathers the most goals within the regular playing time, obtained after extension, or after the penalty shoot-out. One receives a goal, if the ball completely passes the goal line between the gateposts and underneath the crossbar. The referee has the task of supervising the obeying of the rules. He leads the entire tournament and can also impose disciplinary measures (booking, sending-off) against the players. The referee is supported by two assistant referees. Once the referee has made his decision, then it is in principle final. He may only change it when he finds out it was wrong or when, after consulting with an assistant referee, he considers it needed. However, a change in his opinion is only permissible as long as the game is not over. Even if the decision later turns out as objectively wrong, it remains in effect., That is why it is dubbed "decision on facts".
Before the beginning of the game, the referee tosses a coin. The winner can then decide which side of the field he wants to have for the first half. The other team implements the kickoff. At the beginning of the second half, the other team can have the kickoff. For the second half, the teams change sides and goals.
The game begins with the kickoff. This happens also after a goal, as well as at the beginning of the second half and each extension. The opposing team kicks off after a goal. Before the kickoff, all players are in their half of the field, the opponents have to be 9.15 m away from the ball. The ball lies on the kickoff mark in the center of the playing field. After the referee gave an indication, the ball may be played with the foot. Whoever first played the ball, may not play it immediately again after the kickoff, i.e. not before another player has played it. The same is true for standard situations like (e.g. corner kick, free kick).
This is not to be confused with the so-called goal-kick. An interrupted game is continued with a goal-kick. It is arranged by the referee, when the ball was touched last by an attacking player and passed the goal line in the air or on the ground and no goal was achieved. The ball is played by goalkeeper or another player of the defenders from the goal box.
The so-called referee ball happens, when the game had to be interrupted, without the interruption being based on a rule offence by a team, e.g. after a player is injured or if the gate slat breaks. In this case the referee lets the ball fall, where the ball was during the interruption of play. When the ball hits the ground, the game is continued.
Whenever the ball crosses one of the side lines of the playing field on the ground or in air, the play is continued by a throw-in. A player throws the ball with his hands over his head into the playing field from outside (at least 1m back from the side line). The opponents must keep at least 2m distance from the throwing player.
Hint: Via a throw-in no direct goal may be achieved. In such a case, the throw-in would be invalid. The referee decides, depending upon the situation of the game, on goal kick if the ball entered the goal of the defending team or on corner kick when it’s into one’s own goal.
The corner kick has a special thrill. The referee orders it, if the ball crossed the goal line outside of the goal posts and crossbars and a defending player touched the ball last. In this case, the ball is put into the corner circle and then played by a member of the attacking team. The opponents must be keep a distance of at least 9.15 m from the corner circle. Before the player kicking from the corner may play the ball again, another player must have come into contact with the ball.
A player is offside, when he is closer to the opponent’s goal line than the ball and there are not two defense players closer to the goal line (not the goal) than he. On the other hand, there is no offside, when he is playing in his own half,. The offside position of a player alone represents no violation of the rules. The player will only then have to receive a penalty, if the referee has the opinion that at the time of playing, he or his team has any kind of advantage from his offside position. If a player however receives the ball directly from a throw-in, goal-kick, or a corner kick, he is in conformity with rules. In these last three cases, there is no offside. If the referee considers the offside position against the rules, the opposing team receives an indirect free kick.
The type of free-kick the referees orders depends on the gravity of the infringement. Direct and indirect free-kick are the two possibilities. For the direct free-kick, the player can play the ball directly, whereas for the indirect free-kick, one must play the ball only to another player, and only after this other player touches the ball, can the original player start playing the ball. The referee orders an indirect free-kick, for example, when a player plays dangerously, if he hinders the running of an opponent or the goal-keeper.
The opponent typically gets a direct free-kick when a player carelessly kicks an opponent, thoughtlessly or disproportionately trips him up, pounces on him, beats on or pushes him. The same is true when he touches the opponent, holds him, spits on him, and purposely plays the ball with his hand plays while tackling him in front of the ball.
Whenever a player commits one of the named offences for defense within his own penal-area, the opposing team then gets a penalty kick. Germans colloquially call this penalty kick also Elfmeter (eleven meter), because the kick-off mark for a penalty kick is placed 11 m away from the opposing goal. The penalty kick will be played from that mark – irrespective from where the ball was originally. This kick will be played even if the playing time has already run out. The goalkeeper, facing the opponent, has to remain in the goal until the ball has been kicked. The opposing team's remaining players have to stay outside the penalty-area, therefore behind the kickoff-mark and at least 9.15 m from the ball. On the signal of the referee, the penalty kick is played.
The referee can impose disciplinary actions as well as admonitions and ejections against a player. The referee signals an admonition or ejection by showing the player the red or yellow card. The red card and yellow card can be shown to a player as well as a substitute from entering until leaving the game field.
This yellow card is imposed against a player, when he, in the opinion of the referee, behaves unsportsmanlike, repeatedly violates rules, delays the resumption of the game, or does not keep the mandatory minimum distance at an corner-kick, free-kick, or throw-in. The referee can also punish protesting and complaining with a yellow card.
Whenever the player gets a second yellow card in the same game, the referee can send him off, because of the repeated infringements, with the yellow-red card. The decision is at the discretion of the referee. He signals yellow-red card by first showing a yellow card and afterwards a red card. Whenever a player gets a yellow-red card, he is blocked for the current and next game of the match.
“Violence” is understood as a forcible play that has nothing to do with the roll of the ball and is committed against an opponent, official, or another player. Such will typically be spitting on another player or preventing a goal via inadmissible use of hands, the referee can eject him with a red card. Afterwards, he cannot continue in the current game and is usually blocked for the next game, too. These field and place references are beyond me and make no sense to me as written. As I don’t know soccer and hence what they mean I can’t rewrite them. I don’t know how important (how often this field reference happens or whatever) but even without knowing this distinction, soccer is just as enjoyable. As far as I am concerned leaving it out does not diminish your explanation. Keeping it in where it is not understandable does diminish your explanation.
The foul is committed during the current game, when with body-contact a player thoughtlessly or with exaggerated hardness proceeds against an opponent, without pulling in his elbows and arms. A coarse foul is committed by whoever acts brutally and unduly roughly against an opponent, for example when he jumps on him. A coarse foul is punished with a red card and ejection. In principle, it will not be decided to give the offended team an advantage unless a clear chance for a goal existed. The game will then be continued with a direct free-kick or penalty kick.
Also with the so-called “dangerous game”, ejection can be the order of the day. Here, there is no body contact between the players. The player plays in such a way, that he possibly might hurt somebody, and the opponent will therefore be prevented by fear of an injury from playing the ball. Precondition for a disciplinary action is here that a disadvantage arose for the opponent because of the dangerous play. When the opponent loses a chance at goal because of a dangerous play, the referee can eject the offending player from the field.
One understands a forcible game, that has nothing to do with the roll of the ball and is generally committed against a player, an opponent, an official or another person. The violence is punished with the red card and ejection. If it was committed against a player, then the game will be continued after an indirect free-kick. If the player became violent against an opponent, the referee or another person, the game will be continued after a direct free-kick.
There are several kinds of use of hands possible. If the use of hands is utilized to score a goal, this is regarded as unsportsmanlike behavior and will be punished with a yellow card. If a goal of the opponent is prevented by the use of hands, the player gets a red card. The game is continued with direct free-kick or a penalty kick.
The goalkeeper can also be admonished because of use of hands. He can take the ball only then into his hands within the penalty-area, a use of hands is inadmissible outside the penalty-area for him. If the goal-keeper plays the ball with his hands outside the penalty-area, the game will be continued with an indirect free-kick. In the event of other violations, for example if he holds the ball longer than 6 seconds in his hands similar penalties will be imposed.
During the European championship as executed in the quarterfinals, semifinals, and finals if no team scored more goals than the other after the twice 15 minute extensions. The referee decides which goal is to be used for the Penalty Shoot Out by toss of a coin. The referee-assistants and an official write down the numbers of the players, who will execute the shots.
The coach nominates five players that participate in the Penalty Shoot Out and determine also the sequence, in which they shoot at the goal. Each team alternates at shooting at the goal defended by the opposing goalkeepers. During the shoot out, the goal-keeper may not leave the goal line. That team wins, when it scores an insurmountable lead. If there is still a tie after five rounds, then another round will be started. However, the goals will then be crucial per round and per player-pair, i.e. when in a round one player makes one goal and the other doesn’t, the team wins.
Published on the old CMS: 2008/6/10
Read on the old CMS till November 2008: 2,952 reads
Is a public officer talking Mumbo Jumbo to or is your business partner out for some wheeling and dealing?
You need legal first aid or an impromptu translation? | https://www.presenceingermany.biz/en/f-a-q/108-practicalities/practicalitiesholidays |
Even though we were super busy having fun I made sure to get in my runs this week! :-) And I saw so many different animals on my runs this week! Fun!
It's time for Fitness Friday! I'm so proud of myself for not breaking my run streak while on vacation! There were several days I so didn't want to get up early to get that run in. But I did it!
- Friday- #plankaday 2:06, 15 push-ups, 1.76 mile run in 15:12 average pace 8:38
- Saturday- 130 squats, 80 crunches, 1.52 mile run in 13:17 average pace 8:45
- Sunday- #plankaday 2:05, 135 squats, 18 push-ups, 90 crunches, 1.60 mile run in 14:03 average pace 8:46
- Monday- #plankaday 2:05, 140 squats, 18 push-ups, 95 crunches, 3.12 mile run in 26:59 average pace 8:40
- Tuesday- #plankaday 2:05, 20 push-ups, 1.61 mile run in 13:42 average pace 8:30
- Wednesday- 150 squats, 20 push-ups, 100 crunches, 1.37 mile run in 11:20 average pace 8:16
- Thursday- #plankaday 2:30, 155 squats, 20 push-ups, 105 crunches, 1.56 mile run in 12:47 average pace 8:12
Running went great this week! It's always fun to run somewhere different! In addition to running I did tons of walking around the parks!
It was tough getting in all my squats, crunches, plankaday, and push-ups this week. But I did it! I may have even done a few squats while waiting in line for rides!!! ;-)
I'm hoping to be able to run a long run on Sunday. It will all depend on how tired I am from traveling home though. We will see!
I hope you all have a wonderful weekend!
QOTD: What was your best run or workout this week? | https://www.roadrunnergirl.com/2015/06/fitness-fridayjune-19th-edition.html |
Fire danger ratings
The fire danger rating shows the risk of bushfires in your area.
The rating is shown by a coloured signboard which is often on the side of major roads.
The signboard shows the ratings, from low to catastrophic, with the arrow pointing to the daily level of risk.
Read below for an explanation of each rating.
Level: catastrophic
What you should do
These are the most dangerous conditions for a fire.
Your life may depend on the decisions you make, even before there is a fire.
Stay safe by going to a safer location early in the morning or the night before.
Homes cannot withstand fires in these conditions.
You may not be able to leave, and help may not be available.
Level: extreme
What you should do
Take action now to protect your life and property.
These are dangerous fire conditions.
Check your bush fire plan and ensure that your property is fire ready.
If a fire starts, take immediate action. If you and your property are not prepared to the highest level, go to a safer location well before the fire impacts.
Reconsider travel through bush fire risk areas.
Level: high
What you should do
Be ready to act.
There’s a heightened risk. Be alert for fires in your area.
Decide what you will do if a fire starts.
If a fire starts, your life and property may be at risk. The safest option is to avoid bush fire risk areas.
Level: moderate
What you should do
Plan and prepare.
Stay up to date and be ready to act if there is a fire.
No action required
On days where there’s minimal risk, like when it’s raining, you’ll see 'no rating.
You should continue to monitor conditions. | https://securent.nt.gov.au/prepare-for-an-emergency/fires/bushfires/fire-danger-ratings |
Biodiversity has emerged as a prominent issue in the scientific and conservation communities, and is of increasing concern to the general public. As with other 'new' environmental problems (e.g., global climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion), biodiversity is difficult to evaluate because it involves slow, cumulative, complex effects that are unquestionably serious but difficult to document. Unlike 'traditional' pollution concerns, these new problems are not confined to one location or tied to one development or industry but are regional or global in scope. Given scientific uncertainty about cause-effect relationships, it is very difficult to formulate environmental policy or regulations that adequately address the problem. Biodiversity is also a very broad issue, involving aspects of species richness, species composition, genetic variation, habitat structure, landscape pattern, and ecological and evolutionary processes. Although components of biodiversity are addressed by various pieces of environmental legislation, a comprehensive approach is lacking. A new interpretation of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) could involve the recognition of particular attributes or 'indicators' of biodiversity to address in the environmental assessment and review process. A hierarchical framework of compositional, structural, and functional biodiversity from which measurable indicators can be selected, is presented. | https://cfpub.epa.gov/ols/catalog/advanced_brief_record.cfm?FIELD1=SUBJECT&INPUT1=Species%20diversity.&TYPE1=EXACT&LOGIC1=AND&COLL=&SORT_TYPE=MTIC&item_count=33&item_accn=144888 |
Hanrahan School of Music
We’re proud of the reputation that Hanrahan School of Music has gained throughout the years - for a place where students and instructors alike can thrive and make the most of their talents. Every year, we gladly welcome creative and passionate students from all ages and levels in their learning.
Hanrahan School of Music is an ideal School of Music for students to begin music lessons or to move on to a more advanced level. We cater for the complete beginner to the advance.
We help students to take exams with various music bodies throughout the year if they wish. At Hanrahan School of music we welcome students who wish to study solely for their Junior or Leaving Cert practical.
Please browse through our website to discover the different classes, instruments and upcoming courses that you might be interested in. | https://www.hanrahanmusic.com/ |
USE OF THIS SOFTWARE PROGRAM (AND ANY UPDATES), ANY ONLINE SERVICES, OR DOWNLOADS ASSOCIATED HEREWITH, THE SOFTWARE (INCLUDING FIRMWARE) FOR ANY RELATED PERIPHERALS (collectively, ”Peripheral”), THE ASSOCIATED MEDIA, PRINTED MATERIALS, AND DOCUMENTATION (collectively, “Program”) IS SUBJECT TO THIS SOFTWARE LICENSE AND SERVICE AGREEMENT (“Agreement”). IF YOU ARE UNDER THE AGE OF MAJORITY IN YOUR JURISDICTION OR EIGHTEEN (18) YEARS OF AGE, WHICHEVER IS OLDER, PLEASE ASK YOUR PARENT OR GUARDIAN TO READ AND ACCEPT THIS AGREEMENT ON YOUR BEHALF BEFORE YOU USE THE PROGRAM. BY OPENING THIS PACKAGE, DOWNLOADING, INSTALLING, OR USING THE PROGRAM OR “CLICKING TO ACCEPT,” YOU ACCEPT THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT WITH THE ACTIVISION CORPORATE ENTITY SET OUT IN SECTION 17 ("Activision") DEPENDING ON WHERE YOU ACQUIRED AND USE THE PROGRAM. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THESE TERMS, YOU ARE NOT PERMITTED TO INSTALL, COPY, OR USE THE PROGRAM. TO REJECT THESE TERMS, YOU MUST NOT “CLICK TO ACCEPT” THESE TERMS OR INSTALL, COPY, OR USE THE PROGRAM.IF YOU REJECT THIS AGREEMENT, YOU CAN RETURN YOUR PERIPHERAL AND THE PROGRAM AND REQUEST A REFUND FOR YOUR PERIPHERAL AND THE PROGRAM WITHIN THIRTY (30) DAYS AFTER THE DATE OF YOUR PURCHASE, BY CALLING (310) 255-2050 IN NORTH AMERICA OR VISITING http://support.activision.com . ACTIVISION’S PRIVACY POLICY AVAILABLE AT http://www.activision.com/legal/privacy-policy SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE PART OF THE “AGREEMENT” ACCEPTED AND AGREED TO BY YOU AND THE TERMS OF SUCH ARE INCORPORATED HEREIN BY REFERENCE.IF YOU (OR, IF APPLICABLE, YOUR PARENT OR GUARDIAN) DO NOT AGREE TO THIS AGREEMENT, THEN YOU MUST NOT USE OR ACCESS THE PROGRAM OR ANY PART THEREOF. BY “CLICKING TO ACCEPT,” YOU REPRESENT AND WARRANT THAT YOU ARE A “NATURAL PERSON” WHO IS OVER THE AGE OF EIGHTEEN (18) OR WHOSE LEGAL GUARDIAN HAS ACCEPTED AND AGREED TO THIS AGREEMENT. IF YOU REJECT THIS AGREEMENT, YOUR RETURN RIGHTS IN RELATION TO THE PROGRAM ARE GOVERNED BY YOUR STATUTORY RIGHTS IN THE COUNTRY WHERE YOU BOUGHT THE PROGRAM. PLEASE VISIT http://support.activision.com . NOTHING IN THIS PARAGRAPH SHALL AFFECT YOUR STATUTORY RIGHTS. PLEASE NOTE THAT YOUR RIGHTS IN RESPECT OF ONLINE SERVICES AND SERVICE PROVIDED CONTENT ARE COVERED IN SECTIONS 12 AND 13. YOUR USE OF THE PROGRAM SHALL BE SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF ACTIVISION’S PRIVACY POLICY AVAILABLE AT http://www.activision.com/legal/privacy-policy EXCEPT FOR SECTION 16 (ARBITRATION AND CLASS ACTION WAIVER), ACTIVISION RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY THIS AGREEMENT AT ANY TIME BY ANY MEANS, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION BY (1) POSTING THE MODIFICATIONS TO http://support.activision.com/license AND/OR (2) REQUIRING YOU TO “CLICK TO ACCEPT” THE AGREEMENT, AND YOUR CONTINUED USE OF THE PROGRAM CONSTITUTES YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF THE MODIFICATIONS. IF ANY FUTURE MODIFICATIONS TO THE AGREEMENT ARE UNACCEPTABLE TO YOU OR CAUSE YOU TO NO LONGER BE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THIS AGREEMENT, YOU MUST TERMINATE, AND IMMEDIATELY STOP USING, THE PROGRAM. IF ANY FUTURE MODIFICATIONS ARE IMPLEMENTED AS A “CLICK TO ACCEPT” AGREEMENT, YOU MAY NOT BE ABLE TO CONTINUE USING THE PROGRAM UNLESS YOU AFFIRMATIVELY ACCEPT THE MODIFIED AGREEMENT.1.USE OF CERTAIN FEATURES OF THE PROGRAM, INCLUDING ONLINE OR MULTIPLAYER COMPONENTS, OR UPDATED FEATURES, MAY REQUIRE ASSENT TO ADDITIONAL TERMS OF SERVICE. YOU WILL BE PROVIDED WITH THESE ADDITIONAL TERMS OF SERVICE AT THE TIME THE APPLICABLE FEATURES ARE MADE AVAILABLE TO YOU. IF YOU DO NOT ASSENT TO THE ADDITIONAL TERMS OF SERVICE, YOU MAY NOT BE ABLE TO ACCESS OR USE THE ADDITIONAL FEATURES THAT ARE SUBJECT TO THE ADDITIONAL TERMS OF SERVICE.2.Subject to any system requirements, Activision grants you the non-exclusive, non-transferable, limited right and license to install and use one copy of the software component(s) of the Program solely for your personal use. All rights not specifically granted are reserved by Activision. The Program is licensed, not sold, for your use. Your license confers no title or ownership in the Program, and should not be construed as a sale of any rights in the Program. This Agreement shall also apply to patches or updates you may obtain for the Program, unless that patch or update is accompanied by additional terms. YOU ACKNOWLEDGE AND AGREE THAT, OTHER THAN LICENSE GRANTED TO YOU BY THIS AGREEMENT, YOU SHALL HAVE NO OWNERSHIP OR PROPERTY INTEREST IN ANY PRODUCT OR SERVICE PROVIDED CONTENT (AS DEFINED BELOW), INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ONLINE ACCOUNTS, ANY VIRTUAL CURRENCY OR GOODS, AND YOU FURTHER ACKNOWLEDGE AND AGREE THAT TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW ALL RIGHTS IN AND TO SUCH PRODUCTS AND SERVICE PROVIDED CONTENT ARE AND SHALL FOREVER BE OWNED BY AND INURE TO THE BENEFIT OF ACTIVISION.For the avoidance of doubt, nothing in Section 2 shall limit your right to sell and transfer the physical disc containing the Program which you have rightfully purchased.3.This license is subject to the following limitations ("License Limitations"). Any use of the Program in violation of the License Limitations will result in an immediate termination of your license, and continued use of the Program will be an infringement of Activision's copyrights and other rights in and to the Program.You agree that you will not do, or allow, any of the following: (1) exploit the Program commercially; (2) subject to any system requirements, use the Program on more than one system at the same time; (3) make copies of the Program, in whole or in part; (4) without limiting the foregoing clause (3), copy the Program onto a hard drive or other storage device unless the Program itself makes a copy during installation, or unless you are downloading the Program from an authorized Activision online retailer; (5) use the Program in a network, multi-user arrangement, or remote access arrangement, including any online use except as included in the Program functionality; (6) sell, rent, lease, license, distribute, or otherwise transfer the Program; (7) subject to applicable laws, reverse engineer, derive source code, modify, decompile, disassemble, or create derivative works of the software and other proprietary technology in the Program, in whole or in part; (8) create, develop, modify, distribute, or use any unauthorized software programs to gain advantage in any offline, online or multiplayer game modes, such behavior will be subject to sanction at Activision’s discretion; (9) remove, disable, or circumvent any proprietary notices or labels contained on or within the Program; or (10) export or re-export the Program in violation of any applicable laws or regulations of the United States government.Unless expressly permitted by Activision and subject to applicable local laws, YOU AGREE NOT TO PERMIT THE SOFTWARE IN THE PERIPHERAL OR ANY PART OF IT TO BE COMBINED WITH, BECOME INCORPORATED IN, OR USED WITH ANY SOFTWARE PRODUCT OTHER THAN THE PROGRAM. ALL RIGHTS GRANTED TO YOU UNDER THIS AGREEMENT (INCLUDING YOUR USE OF THE SOFTWARE IN THE PERIPHERAL) WILL TERMINATE IMMEDIATELY IN THE EVENT THAT YOU ARE IN BREACH OF ANY OF THE TERMS, THIS PARAGRAPH OR DO ANYTHING WITH ANY SOFTWARE IN THE PERIPHERAL THAT IS NOT EXPRESSLY PERMITTED BY THIS AGREEMENT.You agree not to do any of the following actions while using the Program: (A) harass, threaten, embarrass or cause distress or discomfort upon another participant, user, or other individual or entity; (B) transmit any UGC (as defined in Section 14) that Activision considers to be disruptive, unlawful, harmful, threatening, abusive, harassing, defamatory, vulgar, obscene, hateful, or racially, sexually, ethnically or otherwise objectionable; (C) impersonate any person or entity, including but not limited to Activision; (D) disrupt normal Program functionality, or otherwise act in a manner that negatively affects other participants and/or the overall Program experience; (E) post or transmit any unsolicited advertising, promotional materials, or any other forms of solicitation; (F) intentionally or unintentionally violate any applicable law, regulation or treaty while using or accessing the Program; (G) post multiple posts of the same content (i.e., “spam”); or (H) invade the privacy or violate or infringe any right of any person or entity, including, without limitation, any intellectual property right.Parents and guardians of children under the age of majority in their jurisdiction or 18 years of age, whichever is older, agree that you will be responsible for all uses of the Program by your child whether or not such uses were authorized by you.4.All title, ownership rights, and intellectual property rights in and to the Program are owned by Activision, affiliates of Activision, or Activision’s licensors. The Program is protected by the copyright laws of the United States of America, international copyright treaties, conventions and other laws. The Program may contain certain licensed materials, and Activision’s licensors may protect their rights in the event of any violation of this Agreement. NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING TO THE CONTRARY, YOU ACKNOWLEDGE AND AGREE THAT YOU SHALL HAVE NO OWNERSHIP OR OTHER PROPERTY INTEREST IN ANY ACCOUNT STORED OR HOSTED ON AN ACTIVISION SYSTEM, AND YOU FURTHER ACKNOWLEDGE AND AGREE THAT ALL RIGHTS IN AND TO THESE ACCOUNTS ARE AND SHALL FOREVER BE OWNED BY AND INURE TO THE BENEFIT OF ACTIVISION. ACTIVISION MAY SUSPEND, TERMINATE, MODIFY OR DELETE ANY OF THESE ACCOUNTS AT ANY TIME FOR ANY REASON OR NO REASON, WITH OR WITHOUT NOTICE TO YOU.5.Activision may deploy or provide mandatory patches, updates, and modifications to the Program that must be installed for you to continue to use the Program. Activision may update the Program remotely without notifying you, and you hereby grant to Activision consent to deploy and apply such patches, updates, and modifications. Broadband internet is required for such patches, updates, and modifications. You are responsible for any and all broadband access and usage fees.6.6(A) Activision warrants to the original consumer purchaser of this Program that the physical media on which this Program is stored and any physical accessories (together the “Goods”) will be free from defects in material and workmanship for 90 days from the date of purchase. If the Goods are found defective within 90 days of original purchase, Activision agrees to replace, free of charge, the applicable defective Goods within the applicable 90 day period, upon its receipt of the Program (postage paid, with proof of the date of purchase) so long as the Goods are still being manufactured by Activision. If the Goods are no longer available, Activision retains the right to substitute similar goods of equal or greater value. This warranty is limited to the Goods, as originally provided by Activision, and is not applicable to normal wear and tear. This warranty shall not be applicable, and shall be void, if the defect has arisen through abuse, mistreatment, or neglect. Any implied warranties prescribed by statute are expressly limited to the 90-day period described above. EXCEPT AS SET FORTH HEREIN, THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.For information about warranty replacement, or other customer service inquires, call (310) 255-2050 in North America; or if you prefer to not call, please visit http://support.activision.com . If a replacement is appropriate you will need to return: (1) the original Goods; (2) a copy of your dated sales receipt; (3) your name and return address; (4) a description of the defect and the problem(s) you are encountering; and (5) the incident/RMA number given to you by Customer Support. In the United States, send to: Warranty Replacements, Activision Publishing, Inc., 100 N. Sepulveda Blvd. Suite 900, El Segundo, CA 90245; outside of the United States please visit http://support.activision.com This warranty is provided in addition to other rights and remedies you may have regarding the Goods provided to you in this game bundle, under the Australian Consumer Law. The Goods come with guarantees that cannot be excluded under the Australian Consumer Law. You are entitled to a replacement or refund for a major failure and compensation for any other reasonably foreseeable loss or damage. You are also entitled to have the Goods repaired or replaced if the Goods fail to be of acceptable quality and the failure does not amount to a major failure. Please contact Activision on 1300 748 995 or email [email protected] or mail PO Box 544 Pyrmont NSW 2009 Australia if you have an issue with the Goods provided to you in this game bundle. If a replacement or repair is required Activision will instruct you on the process. As part of the process you may be asked to send: (1) the CD-ROM/DVD/Blu-ray Disc (not including manual or case) in protective packaging; (2) the accessory; (3) photocopy of your dated sales receipt; (4) your name and return address typed or clearly printed; (5) a brief note describing the defect, the problem(s) you are encountering, and the system on which you are running the software; and (6) the incident number given to you by Customer Support. You may be required to also send a cheque or money order but if your claim is determined to be valid you may be entitled to a refund of this amount. Unless otherwise directed by Customer Support, please send items to be replaced (registered mail recommended) to Limited Disc/Peripheral Warranty Replacements, Activision Blizzard Australia Pty Ltd, PO Box 544 Pyrmont NSW 2009 Australia . The provisions of the Limitation of Damages clause below apply only to the extent permitted by the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth).6(B).The warranty for the Program is provided in accordance with your statutory rights as a consumer which will always prevail. For information about Activision's procedures on replacements of the Program in the European Union and other countries outside of North America and Australia, or other customer service inquires please check: http://support.activision.com 7.ACTIVISION SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM POSSESSION, USE, OR MALFUNCTION OF THE PROGRAM, INCLUDING DAMAGES TO PROPERTY, COMPUTER FAILURE OR MALFUNCTION AND, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, DAMAGES FOR PERSONAL INJURIES, EVEN IF ACTIVISION HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF THESE DAMAGES. ACTIVISION’S LIABILITY SHALL NOT EXCEED THE ACTUAL PRICE PAID FOR THE LICENSE TO USE THE PROGRAM. SOME STATES/COUNTRIES DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATIONS ON HOW LONG AN IMPLIED WARRANTY LASTS AND/OR THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS AND/OR EXCLUSIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS, AND YOU MAY HAVE OTHER RIGHTS WHICH VARY FROM JURISDICTION TO JURISDICTION.7(B)NOTHING IN THIS AGREEMENT SHALL LIMIT OR EXCLUDE ACTIVISION'S LIABILITY TO YOU:- FOR DEATH OR PERSONAL INJURY CAUSED BY OUR NEGLIGENCE;- FOR FRAUDULENT MISREPRESENTATION; OR- FOR ANY OTHER LIABILITY THAT MAY NOT, UNDER THE LAWS OF THE JURISDICTION WHERE YOU RESIDE, BE LIMITED OR EXCLUDED.SUBJECT TO THIS, IN NO EVENT SHALL ACTIVISION BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ANY BUSINESS LOSSES AND ANY LIABILITY ACTIVISION DOES HAVE FOR LOSSES YOU SUFFER IS STRICTLY LIMITED TO LOSSES THAT WERE REASONABLY FORESEEABLE AND SHALL NOT, IN AGGREGATE, EXCEED THE GREATER OF THE FOLLOWING: THE TOTAL PRICE PAID BY YOU FOR THE PROGRAM (PLUS ANY PAID-FOR SERVICE PROVIDED CONTENT) OVER THE PREVIOUS 12-MONTHS FROM THE DATE ON WHICH THE LIABILITY ARISES; OR THE SUM OF GBP£500 OR EQUIVALENT AMOUNT UNDER THE CURRENT FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE.8.Without prejudice to any other rights of Activision, this Agreement will terminate automatically if you fail to comply with its terms and conditions. In the event of termination for this reason, you must destroy all copies of the Program and all of its component parts. You may also terminate the Agreement at any time by permanently deleting any installation of the Program, and destroying all copies of the Program in your possession or control. The following provisions shall survive termination of this agreement: LICENSE CONDITIONS (SECTION 3), OWNERSHIP (SECTION 4), LIMITED HARDWARE WARRANTY (SECTIONS 6A AND 6B), LIMITATION OF DAMAGES (SECTIONS 7A AND 7B), TERMINATION (SECTION 8), INDEMNITY (SECTION 10), SERVICE PROVIDED CONTENT (SECTION 11), AVAILABILITY (SECTION 12), ACCESS (SECTION 13), BINDING ARBITRATION AND CLASS ACTION WAIVER (SECTION 16), JURISDICTION AND APPLICABLE LAW (SECTION 17), AND MISCELLANEOUS (SECTION 18).9.The Program has been developed entirely at private expense and are provided as "Commercial Computer Software" or "restricted computer software." Use, duplication or disclosure by the U.S. Government or a U.S. Government subcontractor is subject to the restrictions set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clauses in DFARS 252.227-7013 or as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1) and (2) of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clauses at FAR 52.227-19, as applicable. The Contractor/Manufacturer is Activision Publishing, Inc., 3100 Ocean Park Boulevard, Santa Monica, California 90405.10.You agree to indemnify, defend, and hold Activision, its partners, affiliates, licensors, contractors, officers, directors, employees, and agents harmless from all damages, losses and expenses arising directly or indirectly from your breach of this Agreement and/or your acts and omissions in using the Program pursuant to the terms of this Agreement.11.“Service Provided Content" consists of all virtual materials, information and content provided to you (e.g., unlockable content, accounts, stats, virtual assets, virtual currencies, codes, achievements, virtual rewards, credits, access, shows, tokens, coins, power-ups, and customizations) in connection with your use of the Program, including the Online Services, which you need to "earn", "grind", "buy" and/or "purchase" in order to obtain additional content.While the Program may allow you to “earn,” “grind,” "buy," or "purchase" Service Provided Content within or in connection with gameplay, you do not in fact own or have any property interest in the Service Provided Content and the price of any Service Provided Content does not refer to any credit balance of real currency or its equivalent. Unless otherwise specified in writing, any Service Provided Content that you receive is licensed to you as set forth herein, and you shall have no ownership right thereto in any Service Provided Content. You may not, sell, lend, rent, trade, or otherwise transfer any Service Provided Content, except for other Service Provided Content where applicable. Any sale of Service Provided Content, including, but not limited to, virtual currency for “real” money or exchange of those items or virtual currency for value outside of the Program is prohibited. Service Provided Content may be altered, removed, deleted, or discontinued by Activision (e.g., upon termination of this Agreement and/or cessation of online support for the Program as set out in Section 8) even if you have not “used” or “consumed” the Service Provided Content prior to alteration, removal, deletion, or discontinuation. Without limiting the above, Service Provided Content may include virtual coins, points or other virtual currencies (“Virtual Currency”).By purchasing or otherwise acquiring Virtual Currency, you obtain a limited license (which is revocable by Activision at any time unless otherwise required by applicable laws) to access and select from other Service Provided Content. Virtual Currency has no monetary value and does not constitute currency or property of any type. Virtual Currency may be redeemed for other Service Provided Content only, if at all. Subject to applicable local law, Virtual Currency is non-refundable. You are not entitled to a refund or any other compensation such as Service Provided Content for any unused Virtual Currency and unused Virtual Currency is non-exchangeable. Activision may revise the pricing for the Service Provided Content and Virtual Currency offered through the Program at any time. Activision may limit the total amount of Service Provided Content or Virtual Currency that may be purchased at any one time, and/or limit the total amount of Service Provided Content or Virtual Currency that may be held in your account in the aggregate. You are only allowed to purchase Service Provided Content or Virtual Currency from Activision or our authorized partners through the Program, and not in any other way. Activision reserves the right to refuse your request(s) to acquire Service Provided Content and/or Virtual Currency. You agree that you will be solely responsible for paying any applicable taxes related to the acquisition of, use of or access to Service Provided Content and/or Virtual Currency.There may be Service Provided Content (should you choose to purchase it) which will require you to make a payment with real money, the amount of which will be set out in the Program. All Service Provided Content will be made available immediately when you purchase it with real money and you acknowledge that this is the case and that you will have no right to change your mind and cancel (sometimes known as a 'cooling off' right) once your purchase is complete. Depending on your platform, any Service Provided Content purchased, will be purchased from your platform provider and such purchase will be subject to their respective Terms of Service and User Agreement. Please check usage rights for each purchase as these may differ from item to item. Unless otherwise shown, content available in any in-game store has the same age rating as the game.12.12(A)Activision does not guarantee that any online services, play or features associated with the Program (collectively, “Online Services”) or Service Provided Content will be available at all times or at any given time or that Activision will continue to offer Online Services or Service Provided Content for any particular length of time. Activision may change and update Online Services or Service Provided Content without notice to you. Activision makes no warranty or representation regarding the availability of Online Services and reserves the right to modify or discontinue Online Services in its sole discretion without notice, including for example, ceasing an Online Service for economic reasons due to a limited number of users continuing to make use of the Online Service over time. NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING TO THE CONTRARY, YOU ACKNOWLEDGE AND AGREE THAT ONLINE SERVICES MAY BE TERMINATED IN WHOLE OR IN PART AT ACTIVISION’S SOLE DISCRETION WITHOUT NOTICE TO YOU, AND IN CONNECTION WITH ONLINE SERVICES’ TERMINATION, ANY AND ALL SERVICE PROVIDED CONTENT LICENSED TO YOU MAY BE TERMINATED. YOU ASSUME ANY AND ALL RISK OF LOSS ASSOCIATED WITH THE TERMINATION OF ONLINE SERVICES AND ANY LOSS OF SERVICE PROVIDED CONTENT OR OTHERWISE.12(B)Subject to the next sentence, Activision does not guarantee that any Online Services or Service Provided Content will be available or error-free at all times or at any given time. Activision warrants that the Program, in addition to any Service Provided Content which has been paid-for with real money, will substantially comply with the description provided by it at the point of purchase and be of satisfactory quality (in addition any related services provided through them will be provided with reasonable care and skill). Activision may change and update Online Services or Service Provided Content without notice to you (provided always that any such changes do not result in material degradation in the functionality of the Program or any Service Provided Content which has been paid-for with real money). Activision makes no warranty or representation regarding the availability of Online Services and/or Service Provided Content which are free (i.e. not paid-for with real money) and reserves the right to modify or discontinue them in its sole discretion without notice to you, including for example, for economic reasons due to a limited number of users continuing to make use of them over time. Activision is not liable or responsible for any failure to perform, or delay in performance of, any of its obligations that is caused by events outside its reasonable control. If such circumstances result in material degradation in the functionality of the Program or Service Provided Content then your obligation to make any payment to download, use or access them will be suspended for the duration of such period. Activision is entitled to modify or discontinue Online Services and/or Service Provided Content which are paid-for with real money in its sole discretion upon reasonable notice to you. The warranty for such Online Services and/or Service Provided Content is provided in accordance with your statutory rights as a consumer which will always prevail. Please see Section 7 in respect of Activision's limitation on damages, but nothing in this paragraph shall affect your statutory rights.13.YOU ARE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY THIRD PARTY COSTS YOU INCUR TO USE THE PROGRAM AND SERVICES. You acknowledge and agree that you will provide at your own cost and expense the equipment, Internet, or other connection charges required to access and use the Program. Activision makes no warranty that the Program can be accessed or used on all systems, controllers, or devices, by means of any specific Internet or other connection provider, or in all territories. The Program may integrate, be integrated into, or be provided in connection with third-party services and content. Activision does not control those third-party services and content. You should read the terms of use agreements and privacy policies that apply to such third-party services and content.14.The Program may include means by which you and other users may share user generated content (“UGC”). To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, by submitting any UGC you automatically grant (or represent and warrant that the owner of such rights has expressly granted) Activision a perpetual, worldwide, royalty-free, irrevocable, non-exclusive right and license to use, reproduce, modify, adapt, publish, translate, sub-license, create derivative works from and distribute such UGC or incorporate such UGC content into any form, medium, or technology now known or later developed throughout the universe, and agree that Activision shall be entitled to unrestricted use of the UGC for any purpose whatsoever, commercial or otherwise, without compensation (but subject to applicable local legislation), notice or attribution. You waive and agree not to assert against Activision or any of its partners, affiliates, subsidiaries or licensees, any moral or similar rights you may have in any of your UGC. To the extent the Program permits other users to access and use your UGC, you also grant such users the right to use, copy, modify, display, perform, create derivative works from, and otherwise communicate and distribute your UGC on or through the Program without further notice, attribution or compensation to you. You may only upload your own UGC to the Program; do not upload anyone else’s UGC. Activision reserves the right (but has no obligation) to remove, block, edit, move, or disable UGC for any reason in Activision’s sole discretion. Activision is not responsible for, and does not endorse or guarantee, the opinions, views, advice or recommendations posted or sent by other users.Users of the Program create, upload, download and use UGC at their own risk. If you upload or make available to other users your UGC via our Program, we do not control, monitor, endorse or own your UGC, and you are commissioning us to host and make available such UGC subject to the above license.Complaints about the content of any UGC must be sent to [email protected] and must contain details of the specific UGC giving rise to the complaint.15.If you believe that any content appearing in the Program and/or UGC has been copied in a way that constitutes copyright infringement, please forward the following information to the copyright agent named below. Your copyright infringement notification must comply with the Digital Millennium Copyright Act ("DMCA"). You are encouraged to review 17 U.S.C. § 512(c)(3) or consult with an attorney prior to sending a notice hereunder. To file a copyright infringement notice, you will need to send a written communication that includes the following to the address listed below: (a) your name, address, telephone number, and email address; (b) a description of the copyrighted work that you claim has been infringed; (c) the exact URL or a description of where the alleged infringing material is located; (d) a statement by you that you have a good faith belief that the disputed use is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law; (e) an electronic or physical signature of the person authorized to act on behalf of the owner of the copyright interest; and (f) a statement by you, under penalty of perjury, that the above information in your notice is accurate and that you are the copyright owner or authorized to act on the copyright owner's behalf.Copyright AgentActivision Publishing, Inc.3100 Ocean Park BoulevardSanta Monica, California 90405Attn: Activision Business and Legal AffairsFax: (310) 255-2152E-Mail: [email protected] Please note that the DMCA provides that you may be liable for damages (including costs and attorney fees) if you knowingly misrepresent that material or activity is infringing. Please also note that the information provided in your copyright infringement notice may be provided to the person responsible for the allegedly infringing material.16.READ THIS SECTION CAREFULLY. IT MAY SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECT YOUR LEGAL RIGHTS, INCLUDING YOUR RIGHT TO FILE A LAWSUIT IN COURT.These BINDING ARBITRATION AND CLASS ACTION WAIVER provisions apply to you if you are domiciled in and/or acquired and use the Program in the United States. These provisions may also apply to you if you are domiciled in and/or acquired and use the Program from outside the United States. See JURISDICTION AND APPLICABLE LAW below for details.Activision's Customer Support department is available by phone ((310) 255-2050) or on the web (https://support.activision.com/) to address any concerns you may have regarding the Program. Most concerns are quickly resolved in this manner to our customers' satisfaction. The parties shall use their best efforts to settle any dispute, claim, question, or disagreement directly through consultation and good faith negotiations which shall be a precondition to either party initiating a lawsuit or arbitration.If the parties do not reach an agreed upon solution within a period of 30 days from the time informal dispute resolution is pursued pursuant to the paragraph above, then either party may initiate binding arbitration as the sole means to formally resolve claims, subject to the terms set forth below. Specifically, all claims arising out of or relating to this Agreement (including its interpretation, formation, performance and breach), the parties' relationship with each other and/or your use of the Program shall be finally settled by binding arbitration administered by JAMS in accordance with the provisions of its Comprehensive Arbitration Rules or Streamlined Arbitrations Rules, as appropriate, excluding any rules or procedures governing or permitting class actions. This arbitration provision is made pursuant to a transaction involving interstate commerce, and the Federal Arbitration Act (the "FAA") shall apply to the interpretation, applicability, enforceability and formation of this Agreement notwithstanding any other choice of law provision contained in this Agreement. The arbitrator, and not any federal, state, or local court or agency, shall have exclusive authority to resolve all disputes arising out of or relating to the interpretation, applicability, enforceability, or formation of this Agreement, including without limitation any claim that all or any part of this Agreement is void or voidable, or whether a claim is subject to arbitration. The arbitrator shall be empowered to grant whatever relief would be available in a court under law or in equity. The arbitrator's award shall be binding on the parties and may be entered as a judgment in any court of competent jurisdiction.The JAMS Rules governing the arbitration may be accessed at http://www.jamsadr.com/ or by calling JAMS at (800) 352-5267. Your arbitration fees and your share of arbitrator compensation shall be governed by the JAMS Comprehensive Arbitration Rules and, to the extent applicable, the Consumer Minimum Standards, including the then-current limit on arbitration filing fees. 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The immunosuppressive agents used clinically to prevent allograft rejection exert their effects by interfering with antigen-dependent T cell activation, endothelial cell function, or both. Gallium nitrate (GN) is immunosuppressive both in vitro and in vivo, and has potential for clinical use in transplant recipients. Therefore, we analyzed the inñuence of GN on gonadal vein endothelial cell (GVEC) and T cell activation. GVEC were stimulated with IFNγ or TNFα in the presence or absence of GN, and tested for changes in levels of MHC class I, MHC class II, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression. GN did not interfere with the baseline or cytokine-enhanced expression of these molecules. Rather, it increased the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on GVEC, and this effect was further augmented in the presence of IFNγ. In contrast, GN inhibited T cell proliferation stimulated by allogeneic GVEC or allogeneic monocytes in a dose-depend-ent manner. In transwell experiments, GN blocked the induction of MHC class II expression on isolated GVEC caused by alloactivated T cells, but not by recombinant IFNγ. This suggests that GN can interfere indirectly with inflammatory responses of endothelial cells by interfering with local T cell activation and lymphokine production. Once lymphokines are produced, GN does not interfere with their effects on endothelial cells. GN is thought to act through transferrin receptors, but GVEC, unlike T cells, do not increase their expression of transferrin receptors, after stimulation with cytokines. This may explain their relative lack of sensitivity to GN. In general, GN appears to stimulate endothelial cells but suppress T cells. This paradoxic effect suggests that therapy with GN may enhance T cell-independent inflammatory responses, such as cellular infiltration and repair of tissue damage, while suppressing T cell-dependent responses, such as T cell-mediated tissue destruction and allograft rejection. | https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/differential-effects-of-gallium-nitrate-on-t-lymphocyte-and-endot |
The fact that Apple doesn’t manually verify the validity of developer-provided privacy label information has prompted Washington politicians to pen an open letter to CEO boss Tim Cook.
The US House Energy and Commerce Committee Chairman Frank Pallone Jr. (D-NJ) and Consumer Protection and Commerce Subcommittee Chair Jan Schakowsky (D-IL) wrote in the open letter to the company’s chief executive that Apple should adopt a different approach that would require its editors to fact-check privacy label information for each submitted app.
→ Do you read the privacy labels at all?
As MacRumors notes, politicians worry these privacy labels might be riddled with false information and mislead customers regarding how their data might be collected and used.
The committee has demanded additional details from Apple on the privacy labels.
Here’s what the government wants
The committee wants to know more about the following topics:
- Details on the process by which Apple audits the privacy information provided by app developers and how frequently audits are conducted;
- How many of the apps audited since the implementation of the App Privacy label were found to have provided inaccurate or misleading information;
- Whether Apple ensures that the App Privacy labels are corrected upon the discovery of inaccuracies or misleading information; and
- Details regarding Apple’s enforcement policies when an app fails to provide accurate privacy information for the App Privacy label.
The company must send the requested information by February 23.
What the committee wrote in the letter
Here’s an excerpt from the letter:
According to recent reports, the App Privacy labels can be highly misleading or blatantly false. Using software that logs data transmitted to trackers, a reporter discovered that approximately one third of evaluated apps that said they did not collect data had inaccurate labels.
So, what do you suggest then?
A privacy label is no protection if it is false. We urge Apple to improve the validity of its App Privacy labels to ensure consumers are provided meaningful information about their apps’ data practices and that consumers are not harmed by these potentially deceptive practices.
That’s a very, very tall order.
How Apple screens the privacy labels
With more than 2.5 million apps in the App Store and tens of thousands of new submissions each week, this would require a significant bolstering of the App Store’s review team. While Apple does audit the privacy labels and works with developers to correct inaccuracies, there’s no way the company could verify each and every app’s privacy listing.
Instead, the Cupertino giant uses a combination of machine learning to flag potentially problematic privacy labels and responds retroactively upon learning about false information.
A mandatory feature based on an honor system
The privacy labels for apps in the App Store have been mandatory for all new submissions since December 2020. The App Privacy section is meant to provide at-a-glance information to potential customers so they could see what an app’s asking for before they download it.
A recent report from The Washington Post has discovered that some apps are downright showing false information to those customers. It’s unclear how widespread the problem is because the newspaper has conducted a very small-scale study.
Right now, I’m seeing way too many apps with “we don’t collect any data”. I would love for that to be true, but I’m skeptical. Meanwhile, developers who are transparent about their data collection practices end up looking bad against developers who are hiding it.
— Guilherme Rambo (@_inside) January 29, 2021
For the tested apps, however, the study showed that more than half the apps had either misleading or completely false information listed in their App Privacy section on the App Store. | https://www.idownloadblog.com/2021/02/12/apple-app-privacy-labels-us-house-committee/ |
“The Water is Clear and Still” interweaves Liss Fain’s choreography with the spoken text of Kincaid’s sharp-edged and beautiful stories. In this riveting performance installation, the dance, spoken text, set, and sound environment encompass the performers and the audience. The set—a river in a strangely eerie and surreal grove of trees—and sound environment surround the six dancers, the actor, and the audience, which moves at will into the performance space, close to the dancers, and experiences the work from multiple perspectives.
“Fain’s choreography is both innovative and tied to geometric symmetries at the heart of ballet,” wrote Lauren Gallagher in the San Francisco Examiner (May 28, 2012). “She also welcomes audiences to either move around a piece, or, in the case of ‘The Water Is Clear and Still,’ into it.”
Dance View described “The Water is Clear and Still” as “another of Fain’s transparent and finely shaped works.” The Bay Guardian wrote, “This type of work and Fain’s type of craft are rare today. It’s a pleasure to see an active intelligence engaged in such full-bodied work.”
“The Water is Clear and Still” interweaves Fain’s imagistic, non-narrative choreography and her love of literature, through the spoken text of Kincaid’s stories. “The dance and the literature amplify and illuminate each other,” explains Fain. “The actor makes the images and emotions of the stories palpable. The text becomes a musical score for me. I use the cadences, images and feeling of the stories in creating movement. [Kincaid’s] writing is filled with striking images that can be strange, unsettling and also soothing. The choreography fluctuates as unpredictably as the text.”
“The Water is Clear and Still” was created as a collaborative effort, featuring Fain as choreographer; the company’s six dancers; Val Sinckler, a San Francisco actor with a background in dance who has worked with We Players, Lorraine Hansberry Theatre and Stanford Summer Theater; Dan Wool, composer of the immersive sound environment; installation and lighting designer Matthew Antaky; costume designer Mary Domenico; and projection designer Frédéric Boulay. | https://www.davidperry.com/newsroom/liss-fain-dance-2013-home-season.html |
With a weight of over 27 kilograms (952 ounces), the Hand of Faith is the biggest gold nugget that has ever been found with a metal detector. This remarkable discovery took place near Kingower, a small town in Victoria, Australia, in 1980 and it seems that the record still stands.
The Hand of Faith was found by Kevin Hillier who sold it to the Golden Nugget casino in Las Vegas for $1.1 million (US). This impressive nugget is now on display in the casino.
The Strange Story Behind the Hand of Faith's Discovery
Seeing such a fascinating chunk of pure gold in a Vegas casino must be an overwhelming experience, but the set of circumstances that led to its discovery is even more amazing.
According to the Gold Seekers website, two weeks prior to the discovery, Kevi dreamt about an unusually shaped gold nugget and drew it on a piece of paper. The nugget he found was exactly the same shape. Thus the name — the Hand of Faith.
Source: Hand of Faith – the biggest still existing gold nugget in the World
The Galloway Hoard
The Galloway Hoard is considered to be the most valuable collection of artifacts dating from the Viking age ever discovered in Great Britain. It was found in 2014 by metal detecting amateur Derek McLennan in a field near Dumfries and Galloway in Scotland.
Its material worth was estimated at $2.6 million (US), but its historical and cultural value is priceless. National Museums Scotland is in the process of acquiring the hoard.
What Was Found?
Scotland’s Cabinet Secretary for Culture, Tourism and External Affairs, Fiona Hyslop, stated to the BBC that “The Vikings were well known for having raided these shores in the past, but today we can appreciate what they have left behind, with this wonderful addition to Scotland’s cultural heritage.”
Over a hundred gold and silver items were collected from the fields of Dumfries and Galloway, including armbands, brooches and a rather unusual cross. Take a closer look at it in this next image.
The Cultural Significance of the Discovery
This is an early Christian cross that likely dates back to the 10th or possibly even the 9th century. Made of solid silver, the cross is also decorated with highly unusual ornaments for that period.
The head of the Treasure Trove Unit at Scotland’s National Museum, Stuart Campbell, explained: “This is a hugely significant find, nothing like this has been found in Scotland before in terms of the range of material this hoard represents.” But, there’s even more.
Another Major Find at Galloway
Another fascinating artifact found among the Galloway Hoard was this pot. According to experts, this may be the biggest and possibly the most significant silver Carolingian pot ever unearthed in Great Britain.
Beautifully preserved, this pot even had its relatively undamaged lid still in place. It is estimated that this silver alloy-lidded vessel was already approximately 100 years old when the treasure was buried in the 9th or 10th century.
Civil War Sword
Lucas Hall was only seven years old when he made this amazing discovery: a cavalry sword from the Civil War that the president of the Kernstown Battlefield Association, Gary Crawford, characterized as “an 1840 or 1860 lightweight saber.”
Little Lucas got hooked up on metal detector treasure hunts by a neighbor who gave him several Civil War–era bullets from his own collection. Only a week after getting a metal detector for his birthday, the young boy hit paydirt himself.
The Frome Hoard
The Frome Hoard is one of the most significant metal detectors finds in the United Kingdom ever, at least when it comes to Roman treasure. This huge collection of coins consists of 52,503 silver and bronze pieces and now belongs to the Museum of Somerset.
The hoard was discovered in 2010 by metal detecting amateur Dave Crisp near Frome in Somerset, England. The museum later purchased it from Mr. Crisp for the sum of $420,000 (US).
The Escrick Ring
The Escrick ring was found in 2009 by metal detectorist Michael Greenhorn near Escrick, North Yorkshire. The ring is 90% pure gold with glass and a polished sapphire and is estimated to date back to the fifth or sixth century.
No one really knows who owned the ring nor what it represented when it was created, but its current owner, the Yorkshire Museum, purchased the ring for $44,132 (US). Still, the Escrick ring is not the only enigmatic discovery featured here. More is yet to come!
Source: 10 Metal Detector Discoveries That Will Truly Amaze You
Model T Ford
Not all exciting metal detector finds date from the ancient past. This one is less than a century old!
A classic light-green 1913 Model T Ford buried in 1926 was discovered in 1966 by volunteers armed with metal detectors. They were enlisted by a local Detroit radio DJ who came across a story about Perry Andrews, a man who buried his beloved car after his son-in-law wanted to convert it into a hot rod. It turned out to be true.
The Santa Margarita Gold Chalice
It was September 2008 when an experienced diver and a shipwreck salvager, Michael DeMar went on a venture of searching for the remains of the Santa Margarita, a Spanish galleon, near the Florida Keys.
He was using a metal detector to locate the possible treasure, but when the detector beeped, DeMar wasn’t prepared for the discovery he just made: a gold chalice which was lost when the Santa Margarita sank in 1622. Its estimated value is $1.3 million (US).
The Boot of Cortez
The Boot of Cortez is one the most significant metal detector finds in recent history. This gold nugget was discovered by a local prospector in the Sonoran Desert in 1989.
With a weight of 12.38 kilograms (437 ounces), the Boot of Cortez holds the record for the largest gold nugget found in the Western Hemisphere. Named after Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés, the nugget was sold at auction in 2008 for $1.6 million (US). It’s almost as jaw-dropping as the next discovery.
Entire 7th Century Gold Artifact Collection
Terry Herbert is an amateur treasure hunter who literally struck gold when he made his metal detector discovery in the fields of Hammerwich, a village in Staffordshire, England, in 2009.
Herbert managed to fill an incredible 244 bags with antique golden objects before contacting the Institute of Archaeology and Antiquity at the University of Birmingham. With over 3,500 pieces, five kilograms (11 pounds) of gold and 1.3 kilograms (2.9 pounds) of silver and a value of $5.4 million (US), it is the largest Anglo-Saxon hoard ever found.
Source: Ten Spectacular Golden Treasures of the Ancient World
The Mojave Nugget
One of the most famous metal detector finding in California is the Mojave Nugget. This massive chunk of gold was discovered in 1977 by prospector Ty Paulsen in, as the name suggests, the Mojave Desert. It weighs almost five kilograms (156 troy ounces) and is worth $200,000.
After its discovery, the Mojave Nugget was sold to Margie and Robert E. Petersen, who donated it to the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County to add to its collection of 132 gold nuggets.
Source: The Mojave Gold Nugget
The Aunslev Cross
Amateur archaeologist Dennis Fabricius Holm found the well-preserved 4.1-centimeter-tall (1.6 inches) Aunslev cross dating from the first half of the 10th century near Eastern Funen in Denmark. This pendant indicates that the Danes might have adopted Christianity a bit earlier than was initially thought.
This fantastic discovery could have remained unknown if the friends of Mr. Holm didn’t encourage him to take the cross to a museum for evaluation. It turned out to be the oldest crucifix ever discovered in this Scandinavian country. The next finding sounds even more exciting.
The Rio Rancho Meteorite
When 13-year-old Jansen Lyons on Albuquerque, New Mexico called the neighborhood meteorite experts to report a discovery he made with his metal detector, no one believed him.
When Lyons showed up with a one-kilogram chunk (2.2 pounds) of space rock, everyone was amazed. The same experts that doubted him earlier at the University of New Mexico’s Institute of Meteoritics confirmed that this “L6 ordinary chondrite” had been around for about 10,000 years.
Source: 7 Most Awesome Treasure Hauls Ever Found with a Metal Detector
The Grouville Hoard
The Grouville Hoard. was discovered in 2012 by two metal detectorists, Reg Mead and Richard Miles, in a field on the Channel Island of Jersey between England and France.
The Grouville Hoard consists of tens of thousands of late-Iron Age and Roman coins dating from 50-60 BC. Its total value is estimated to be a fantastic $18.3 million (US), and portions of the Grouville Hoard can be seen in La Hougue Bie Museum.
The Newark Torc
The Newark Torc was found in 2005, in a field near Newark-on-Trent, a town in the district of Newark and Sherwood of the county of Nottinghamshire, in the East Midlands of England.
This astonishing gold torc was discovered by a tree surgeon and antique enthusiast Maurice Richardson with the help of his metal detector. Later tests have shown that this neck ring dates from the Iron Age. It now belongs to the Newark Museum. The next discovery in line originates from the same period.
The Stirling Torcs
David Booth’s idea was to start using a metal detector as an excuse to get some fresh air, but when he took it out for the first time in 2009 he discovered four incredible necklaces near Stirling, Scotland worth an estimated $1.3 million (US).
The necklaces were made between 300 and 100 BC in three different styles, Scottish, French and Mediterranean, suggesting that Scottish tribes were in contact with other Iron Age communities in Europe more than it was previously thought.
The Derrynaflan Hoard
The Derrynaflan Hoard is one of the most valuable archaeological finds ever discovered in Ireland. The collection consists of five liturgical vessels dating from the 9th century that are now exhibited in the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin.
The discovery was made in 1980 by the Webb family near Killenaule in County Tipperary, but as the father and son team of metal detector enthusiasts failed to have proper permission to dig, their finding was later confiscated by officials in exchange for $66,000 (US).
The Milton Keynes Hoard
The Milton Keynes Hoard is a metal detector find that now belongs to the British Museum. It was discovered in 2000 by Michael Rutland and Gordon Heritage, two amateur treasure hunters who got lucky in a field near Milton Keynes, England.
The discovery consists of two golden torcs, three bracelets and a fragment of a bronze rod which were found in a pottery vessel and dated back to the Bronze Age. The material value of this hoard is estimated at $290,000 (US).
The Wickham Market Hoard
One of the largest collections of Iron Age coins ever found in England is the Wickham Market hoard. The find consists of 840 gold staters dating from between 20 BC and 20 AD, and it was discovered by Michael Darke and Keith Lewis in 2008.
The two amateur treasure hunters were walking through a field at Dallinghoo near Wickham Market with their metal detectors when they made this incredible discovery, the largest of its kind since 1849, but the next finding is even more impressive.
The Ringlemere Cup
The beautiful Ringlemere Cup was discovered in 2001 in a wheat field on the Ringlemere Farm in England by treasure hunter enthusiast Cliff Bradshaw. Mr. Bradshaw had already made a couple of exciting discoveries in the same area, but none were as valuable as this one.
The Ringlemere Cup, valued at approximately $350,000 (US is dated between 1700 and 1500 BC, and it’s one of five other similar vessels found in Europe’s mainland that were all made from a single nugget of gold.
The Staffordshire Hoard
Discovered by Terry Herbert, the Staffordshire Hoard represents the biggest collection of Anglo-Saxon gold and silver artifacts that has ever been found with a metal detector. The find consisted of over 4,000 seventh-century pieces of various swords and helmets.
After archaeologists pieced the fragments together the total number of identified objects was in the hundreds. Among them were three religious artifacts, including an engraved Bible verse and two crosses. The Staffordshire hoard was jointly purchased by two British museums for $5.3 million (US).
Bronze Statue of the Roman Emperor Hadrian
Besides being a New York-based stockbroker, Morton Leventhal was also an amateur treasure hunter who went to Israel for a holiday in 1975. As a metal detector enthusiast, he took his favorite gadget with him and went searching for ancient coins near the Jordan River.
Mr. Leventhal discovery was an amazingly well-preserved second-century bronze sculpture of the Roman emperor Hadrian. The statue is now kept in the Israel Museum in Jerusalem. The following Roman find is just as impressive.
The Crosby Garrett Helmet
The Crosby Garrett helmet is not an ordinary helmet, but one of three of its kind ever found in Great Britain. Unlike other Roman war headpieces, this one was used in ceremonial tournaments and features a face mask.
This fantastic specimen is about 1,800 years old and was found in pieces in an English field by an amateur metal detectorist. When it was auctioned off by Christie’s in 2010, the helmet sold for just over $3 million (US), more than ten times its estimated value.
Source: The Crosby Garrett Roman Helmet – The One That Got Away
North Hertfordshire Roman Grave
When treasure hunter Phil Kirk discovered a single Roman coin in an English field, something was telling him to keep looking for more. Further research of the area led to a much greater discovery — a Roman-era grave.
Besides a container with a cremated bone, the find included a piece of lava and a coin, a couple of bottles and cups, an iron lamp and two extraordinary mosaic glass dishes from Alexandria, Egypt. All of the artifacts were dated to the early third century.
The Black Swan Project
Shipwrecks are also incredibly exciting places for treasure hunters. The richest haul ever found in a wreck is known as the Black Swan Project. Its estimated value is $500 million (US), so it’s no wonder why both the company whose metal detector-wielding crew found it and the Spanish government both claimed rights over it.
The Spanish frigate was filled with 17 tons of silver, hundreds of gold coins and other precious artifacts. When the Spanish government learned of the find, they demanded the treasure be returned.
Florida's Treasure Coast
The Treasure Coast stretches along Florida’s Atlantic east coast from south of Fort Pierce all the way to the Sebastian Inlet. The area is very well known among treasure hunters and metal detector enthusiasts who have been finding gold and silver coins on its beaches since the 1950s.
The reason is something that happened more than two centuries ago. In 1715, eleven Spanish ships sailing from Cuba to Spain were destroyed by a hurricane off Florida’s east coast.
Source: Metal Detecting Florida’s 1715 East Coast Treasure Wrecks
The Coast's Seven Ships
Seven of those fully loaded Spanish ships were scattered all over the reefs between Fort Pierce and Sebastian Inlet, and the treasure they carried was lost forever.
That’s what it seemed until another violent storm struck the same coastal region in the 1950s revealing the first clues of much bigger finds waiting to be discovered. The first salvage teams were formed in the 1960s and more than half a century later the search is still ongoing.
What Are They Finding There?
The largest sanctioned shipwreck salvage operation in Florida waters is currently led by 1715 Fleet – Queens Jewels, LLC. One of their recent discoveries can be seen in this image.
Captain Kym Ferrell and his crew salvaged this beautifully preserved ceramic vessel at the Anchor Wreck, a place that certainly has much to offer to those entirely dedicated to their dream of treasure salvage. And this is only one of the many historic pieces the team has raised from the wreckage site.
There's Still Uncertainty About Some of the Treasure Being Found
A closer look on this beautiful jug suggests that this artifact is made of clay and possibly other ceramic materials with what appears to be a lead glaze overcoating.
It’s still not clear if this particular finding is directly linked with the 1715 shipwrecks. The Anchor Wreck site is a bit of an enigma when it comes to its correlation with the famous treasure fleet since there is a chance that this object originated from a sinking of a later date.
The Two-Bird Silver Frame
Another find on 1715 Fleet-Queens Jewels’ Cabin Wreck site is this silver frame decorated with two bird figures. It is thought the frame was either used for a painted canvas or possibly a religious relic.
The discovery was made by the crew of the Bottomline craft led by Captain Jonah Martinez during their excavations in 2018. It’s considered one of the most exciting artifacts ever found on this wreck site, but there are even more spectacular examples yet to come.
A Happy Anniversary
An incredible discovery happened to fall on the 300th anniversary of the 1715 fleet’s unfortunate demise. At the end of July 2015, more than 350 gold coins were collected from the wreckage site off the coast of Vero Beach, Florida.
Among the recovered gold, there were nine special coins known as the Royals. They were made in the early 1700s for the king of Spain, Philip V. The estimated value of this find is approximately $4.5 million (US).
Source: Risks are rewarding; treasure hunting ‘is no easy task’
Being a Treasure Hunter Isn't Easy
This beautiful snuff-box is also a part of many of the 1715 fleet discoveries made by Queens Jewels treasure hunters. Their job may seem very exciting, but according to one of the divers, William Bartlett, treasure hunting is not just fun, it’s hard work that requires dedication.
“It’s diving into 72-degree water at 7:30 in the morning. Some days the sun never comes out. Couple that with a stiff breeze and you’re in for a very cold and miserable day,” Bartlett said in a 2015 Florida Today interview.
A Priceless Pyx
The effort of spending days and days of diving into the depths of the ocean or walking through muddy fields carrying a metal detector can reap a great find on occasion, although sometimes it can take years of searching.
This spectacular gold Pyx piece from the late 1600s was completed 25 years after a portion of it was found. The missing piece of the filigree necklace revealed that this artifact was remarkably carrying Eucharist (communion wafer).
Source: Family finds 300-year-old sunken treasure off Florida’s east coast
Treasure Hunting is Helping Tell the History of Florida
Among the salvaged remains of the 1715 Fleet were also these two astonishing, delicate rings. Beautifully crafted in gold, these treasures truly made the day of the crew of the Capitana, one of several ships which continue exploring the 1715 Fleet wreckage site, collecting pieces of history buried under the ocean for so long.
Every new 1715 Fleet finding has its own story to tell, but together they help form an amazing collage of information that can assist in better understanding the Spanish colonization of the region.
The Gold Pelican in Piety
is one of the most beautiful artifacts ever salvaged from the 1715 Fleet. This spectacular object was retrieved near the Nieves wreck site not too far off of Frederick Douglas beach in Florida.
It was speculated that this artifact could have been some sort of an “ampulla” for holy oil or another type of relic of similar nature, but that theory is still a source of debate among scholars.
Source: More Revealed on the Pelican in Piety Story from Laura Strolia
Teaming Up to Help the Cause
Not all of the findings are made of silver and gold, but that doesn’t make them any less significant. This particular example was recovered in August 2018 by Captain John Brandon and Captain Dan Porter.
The two joined forces with members of the Seatrepid crew and marine biologist Peter Barile in an effort to further explore the famous Treasure Coast. This iron cannon was discovered at the Sandy Point wreck site, north of Fort Pierce, Florida.
Educating the Public About the History Surrounding Them
According to 1715 Fleet-Queens Jewels’ post about this thrilling discovery, the city of Fort Pierce is going to put the cannon on display along its downtown waterfront once the artifact is adequately preserved and protected.
It is going to take about the three years of conservation work before the cannon will be ready for public display. The city plans to install information booths to help educate visitors about the history of the 1715 Fleet wrecks and the cannon itself. | https://www1.insh.world/history/the-most-valuable-treasures-ever-found-with-a-metal-detector-2/ |
Chapter TwoWhat is social policy?
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Chapter ThreeValues and choices
- Bibliography
- Index
Social welfare and the art of giving
Social welfare and the art of giving
- Chapter:
- (p.125) Chapter Three Social welfare and the art of giving
- Source:
- Welfare and wellbeing
- Author(s):
John Hills
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
This chapter presages some of the arguments developed much more fully in Titmuss's later book The gift relationship. It notes Titmuss's argument that, ‘altruism by strangers for strangers was and is an attempt to fill a moral void created by applied science’. It further notes that Titmuss's main concern is to attack those, such as Seymour Lipset (1960) or Daniel Bell (1960), who had proclaimed the end of political ideology, as the terms of the ‘post-war consensus’ narrowed debate from major differences in views of the role of the state to minor disputes which made changes of political control of little importance.
Keywords: altruism, strangers, moral void, applied science, Seymour Lipset, Daniel Bell, political ideology, post-war consensus, political control
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- Title Pages
- Sources of extracts
- Introduction
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Part 1The family, poverty and population
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Chapter OneThe nation's wealth
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Chapter TwoThe summation of poverty
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Chapter ThreeA measurement of human progress
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Chapter FourThe position of women
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Part 2The ‘welfare state’
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Chapter OneThe welfare state: Images and realities
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Chapter TwoThe social division of welfare: Some reflections on the search for equity
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Chapter ThreeWar and social policy
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Chapter FourUnfinished business
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Part 3Redistribution, universality and inequality
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Chapter OneThe role of redistribution in social policy
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Chapter TwoWelfare state and welfare society
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Chapter ThreeSocial welfare and the art of giving
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Part 4Power, policy and privilege
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Chapter OneThe irresponsible society
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Chapter TwoThe need for a new approach
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Part 5International and comparative dimensions
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Chapter OneThe international perspective
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Chapter TwoDeveloping social policy in conditions of rapid change: The role of social welfare
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Part 6The subject of social policy
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Chapter OneThe subject of social administration
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Chapter TwoWhat is social policy? | https://policypress.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1332/policypress/9781861342997.001.0001/upso-9781861342997-chapter-12 |
In image-guided neurosurgery, co-registered preoperative anatomical, functional, and diffusion tensor imaging can be used to facilitate a maximally safe resection of brain tumors in eloquent areas of the brain. However, because the brain can deform significantly during surgery, particularly in the presence of tumor resection, non-rigid registration of the preoperative image data to the patient is required. This talk reports the results (using clinical data) of a comparison of the accuracy and performance among four open-source non-rigid registration methods for handling brain deformation in the presence of tumor resection, including a new adaptive method that automatically removes mesh elements in the area of the resected tumor, thereby automatically handling deformation in the presence of resection.
In this talk data from 30 glioma surgeries performed at two different hospitals, many of which involved the resection of significant tumor volumes. Three measures aid in assessing the accuracy of the registration methods: (i) visual assessment, (ii) a Hausdorff Distance-based metric, and (iii) a landmark-based approach using anatomical points identified by a neurosurgeon. Performance analysis showed that the adaptive method could be applied, on average, in less than two minutes, achieving desirable speed for use in a clinical setting and significantly better than other readily-available registration methods at modeling deformation in the presence of resection. Both the registration accuracy and performance proved sufficient to be of clinical value in the operating room.
Given time availability a brief description of related real-time Image-to-Mesh conversion technologies at developed CRTC to facility adaptive method will be presented.
Unobtrusive clinical monitoring with robots in AAL environments: the RADIO ecosystem
Technical advancements in ICT, including robotics, bring new opportunities to improve the quality of life of the elderly, their family and care-givers, and to mimimize the invonvenience and cost of clinical monitoring. Automatically detecting early symptoms of cognitive impairment, frailty and social exclusion would extend people's ability to safely and comportably live independently.
The ecosystem proposed by the H2020 RADIO project (http://radio-project.eu/) aims to integrate multiple RADIO Home deployments, medical institutions, and informal care givers into an information management and sharing Ecosystem that is by design scalable, secure and privacy-preserving. RADIO Home is, effectively, a robot operating inside a Smart Home. In this environment, Smart Home and robot functionalities accommodate the user’s needs, while assuming interaction with the users as an opportunity for clinical monitoring. In this manner, clinical monitoring sensors do not need to be masked but become an obvious, yet discrete and accepted, part of the user’s daily life. Moreover, a robot has a dynamic presence in the user’s space, which can increase the feeling of safety by being in the right place at the right time.
The talk will present the project outcomes so far, focusing on the clinical and unobtrusiveness requirements which guided the design of the RADIO architecture, and on the architectural and methodological work to ensure that multiple RADIO Homes and care-givers can be interconnected in a scalable, secure and privacy-preserving ecosystem. It will also present the outcomes of real-environment piloting performed in the premises of our clinical partners, to evaluate the usability of the system, its fitness for its medical purpose and the compliance with unobtrusiveness. | https://www.cbms2017.org/programme/friday |
Today, Lockheed Martin and the Data Security Council of India (DSCI) announced the launch of a new cybersecurity education program for small and mid-size businesses to help them minimize risk from online threats. DSCI promotes data protection among the Indian industry and is partnering with Lockheed Martin to heighten the cybersecurity awareness of businesses and their workforce. The endeavour will promote responsible online behaviour will provide guidance on designing secure IT systems and securely managing their online presence. The program will spread discreetly across the country through a comprehensive and interactive cyber awareness portal to facilitate the journey of digital transformation of SMBs.
The initiative includes development of an interactive Cyber Security Awareness Web Portal with resources for businesses to safely and securely manage their digital presence. It is also intended to drive engagement within the SMB community through materials for businesses to train their workforce using computer based training modules, video messages and computer games about online safety.
The partnership also includes stakeholder engagement activities. Under the program, DSCI will also forge alliances with relevant stakeholders including industry bodies, development centres, and technical education boards for reaching out to the target segments and ensuring impactful delivery of the program. These stakeholders will promote the program and key messages about online safety and security. | https://yourchennai.com/index.php/2016/06/23/dsci-and-lockheed-martin-launched-cyber-security-awareness-program-for-small-medium-businesses/ |
EVEN THOUGH THE READYMADE has often been interpreted as an introduction of reality into artmaking, Marcel Duchamp’s subversive appropriation of useful objects and their subsequent placement in the gallery might better be understood as acts dealing more with the alienation of the real from art. Once the anonymous object has lost the dynamic function it used to have, to become a specific art object with the “aura” that ensures its functioning within an art context, this object, by the artist’s decision, has gone a long way down a dead-end street: Duchamp never used a Rembrandt as an ironing board, though he wanted to, and it is improbable that anyone purchased his Bicycle Wheel, 1913, in order to use it to repair a bike.
Maria Eichhorn’s art practice can be situated within the tradition of the ready-made—with a difference. She has adopted some strategies of appropriation, but at the same time, she deconstructs the premises on which these strategies are based. She is aware of the function of the artwork within the art system, and by taking a critical stance in relation to it, she has acquired the freedom, as did Duchamp and the first generation of Conceptual artists, to use any form—that is, object, architectural space, or linguistic system—she finds suitable. In Entnutzte Treppe (Unusable staircase, 1987), for example, Eichhorn enclosed a staircase within a wooden box, making it impossible to climb and emphasizing its dysfunctionality. Nor could one play Spiel am schiefen Billardtisch (Game on a slanted billiard table, 1989-91). For Eichhorn, the appropriation of the table was secondary to its use—or nonuse. Intentionally placed outside the territory reserved for art, between the café and an exhibition space at the Palazzo delle Esposizioni in Rome, the piece looked like an ordinary billiard table, until one tried to use it.
Eichhorn’s attitude toward the object may be recognized as a rejection of the idea that once something becomes art it should stay art. Accordingly, much of the time the work itself becomes a passage in the utilitarian life of the object, which is only alienated from reality for the period in which it functions as an artwork, and will have another life at another time. Her motivation is not the “artiness” of the object, but rather its “artlessness.” By using a stuffed lion in Löwe im leeren Raum (Lion in an empty room, 1989-90), the artist was not only interested in the thing itself but in the context to which it belongs before, during, and after exhibition. Consequently, her interview with the owner of the lion, published in the catalogue, itself became an integral part of the work.
In taking the path of an art that must continuously reestablish its ties with social reality, Eichhorn works on the margin, which should be understood in the Derridean sense as a “borderline” that both unites and divides. The oppositions thus created—visible/invisible and word/object are especially important to her are partly interwoven, creating a layering that is permeated with an antinomy of function and dysfunction. In Geweisster Raum mit Blick aus dem Fenster (Whitened room with view out of the window, 1991), part of a group show in Berlin, Eichhorn claimed the room as her own through the act of painting it white. By this act she also made a correlation between inside and outside, not only in the physical sense, but also by connecting—once again—art and the real. In a further “layering,” the act of painting provided a framework for the works by others that were later exhibited in this room and that, in effect, became a part of her piece. A similar contextualization occurred in one of Eichhorn’s “white on white” pieces, Wandbeschriftung (Wall writing, 1990), in which the architecture also became a solid support of the work. Thus, at her request, one artist partly covered her white-on-white painted statement—“The visible contains the visible, the visible contains the invisible, the invisible contains the invisible, the invisible contains the visible” with his wall painting, somehow playing down her verbal dictum.
Wand ohne Bild (Wall without painting, 1991), which was in the recent “Metropolis” show in Berlin, is another work emphatically interwoven with its environment. Here, on the surface of a wall superimposed on the original, Eichhorn copied an old wallpaper pattern left in one corner of the room. In the middle of this she painted a patterned area in darker tones that mirrored the proportions of the window on the opposite wall, allowing us to imagine the space where a painting might once have hung. In this piece there is again an interplay between several polarities: between the absent and the present (the dark and the light); between what is not (the title, expressed in the form of a negative definition) and what is (the work itself, a painting).
A crucial aspect of Eichhorn’s art is her work on/with language, something that is apparent in the titles of her pieces. The translation of an abstract word into a concrete physical fact (the object/the work) is the basic idea elaborated in her ongoing “Vorhang” (Curtain) piece, realized three times since 1989 and to be done six more times. What Eichhorn intends by repetitively placing a curtain, each a different color, in front of a given wall, then covering it completely, is to incarnate a sense of the word itself. In other works the artist deconstructs language by creating sentences in which the words don’t follow syntactically but rather alphabetically; or she plays linguistic games in which the alphabet is deconstructed to construct the word “alphabet.” (The game was made more complex by the introduction of parole into the artistic dynamic; the system by which the work was constructed was explained to six people, who each then wrote a text converting the spoken text into a written one.)
The preoccupation with margin was elaborated even further in Eichhorn’s most recent work, Meer. Salz. Wasser. Klima. Kammer. Nebel. Wolken. Luft. Staub. Atem. Kiiste. Brandung. Rauch. (Sea. Salt. Water. Climate. Room. Mist. Clouds. Air. Dust. Breath. Shore. Breakers. Smoke., 1991). This time the gallery was filled with mist produced by the sort of ultrasound nebulizer used in spas. Surrounded by the work, viewers perceived it by breathing and “consumed” it by seeing the air-that-is-becoming-visible. Art and reality thus became one in one place—came together for a while.
Bojana Pejic is a writer who lives in Berlin.
Translated from Serbo-Croatian by Rajka Nisavic. | https://www.artforum.com/print/199108/openings-maria-eichhorn-33744 |
Jason M. Grant is an Assistant Professor of Computer Science. His research areas include computer vision and biometrics, with emphasis on detecting dangerous and abnormal crowd behavior in large crowds, especially at sporting events and mega-concerts. He also has conducted research in the area of face recognition, including the study of identical twins and hierarchical structure of facial features (gender, ethnicity, and race). Previously to joining Middlebury, he was a graduate research assistant in the Computer Vision Research Lab at the University of Notre Dame, earning his M.S. and Ph.D. in computer science and engineering. Prior to that he completed his B.S. in computer engineering from the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), where he was a Meyerhoff Scholar.
Personal Website: jmgphd.com
Courses
Courses offered in the past four years.
▲ indicates offered in the current term
▹ indicates offered in the upcoming term[s]
CSCI 0101 - Introduction to Computing
Introduction to Computing
In this course we will provide a broad introductory overview of the discipline of computer science, with no prerequisites or assumed prior knowledge of computers or programming. A significant component of the course is an introduction to algorithmic concepts and to programming using Python; programming assignments will explore algorithmic strategies such as selection, iteration, divide-and-conquer, and recursion, as well as introducing the Python programming language. Additional topics will include: the structure and organization of computers, the Internet and World Wide Web, abstraction as a means of managing complexity, social and ethical computing issues, and the question "What is computation?" (Juniors and Seniors by waiver) 3 hr. lect./1 hr. lab DED
Spring 2018, Fall 2018
CSCI 0201 - Data Structures ▲
Data Structures
In this course we will study the ideas and structures helpful in designing algorithms and writing programs for solving large, complex problems. The Java programming language and object-oriented paradigm are introduced in the context of important abstract data types (ADTs) such as stacks, queues, trees, and graphs. We will study efficient implementations of these ADTs, and learn classic algorithms to manipulate these structures for tasks such as sorting and searching. Prior programming experience is expected, but prior familiarity with the Java programming language is not assumed. (One CSCI course at the 0100-level) (Juniors and Seniors by waiver) 3 hrs. lect./lab DED
Fall 2019
CSCI 0453 - Computer Vision ▹
Computer Vision
The goal of computer vision is to extract information from digital images and movies. Topics covered in this course include algorithms for edge and motion detection, stereo vision, object recognition, and recovering structure from motion. A range of mathematical techniques will be used to model problems and algorithms. Students will implement, test, and evaluate several computer vision techniques, and will gain experience with analyzing real, noise-contaminated image data. (CSCI 0202 and MATH 0200) 3 hrs. lect./lab DED
Spring 2020
CSCI 0454 - Biometrics
Biometrics
Biometric recognition, or simply biometrics, is the science of establishing the identity of a person based on physical or behavioral attributes. In this course we will cover the three primary modalities of biometric recognition, namely fingerprint, face, and iris. We will also introduce other emerging technologies such as recognition of gait, hand geometry, and ear. Other topics will include the security of biometrics, statistics for biometric evaluation, spoofing, ethical issues related to biometric technology, the relation to forensic science, and the impact biometric recognition has had on the judicial system. (CSCI 0200 and CSCI 201) 3 hrs. lect./lab. DED
Fall 2017
CSCI 0455 - Drone Robotics
Drone Robotics
In this course we will introduce the fundamental concepts of robotics, specifically focusing on drones using current research and applications. Topics will include drone control, flight planning, obstacle avoidance, and sensing. We will utilize tools from computer vision, image processing, and artificial intelligence, and we will complete experiments using small drones in compliance with college policy. (CSCI 0200 and CSCI 201) 3 hrs. lect./lab DED
Spring 2019
CSCI 0500 - Advanced Study ▲ ▹
Advanced Study
Individual study for qualified students in more advanced topics in computer science theory, systems, or application areas. Particularly suited for students who enter with advanced standing. (Approval required) 3 hrs. lect.
Fall 2017, Winter 2018, Spring 2018, Fall 2018, Winter 2019, Spring 2019, Fall 2019, Winter 2020, Spring 2020
CSCI 0701 - Senior Seminar ▲ ▹
Senior Seminar
This senior seminar provides a capstone experience for computer science majors at Middlebury College. Through lectures, readings, and a series of two to three week individual and group assignments, we will introduce important concepts in research and experimental methods in computation. Examples will include: reading research papers; identifying research problems; dealing with big data; experimental design, testing and analysis; and technical writing in computer science. (Approval only). | http://www.middlebury.edu/academics/cs/faculty/node/550219 |
This vacancy has now expired. Please see similar roles below...
The project is a design and build contract to deepen and widen the fairway along a section of approximately 62 km from -10.5 to -12.5 m of the Świnoujście – Szczecin fairway in Poland.
The dredged materials will be used to build two artificial islands in the Szczecin lagoon. The works further include enforcements of slopes and quay walls along the channel, relocation of cables and navigational aids. The environmental sustainability and cooperation with all project stakeholders play an important role during execution.
For this work, TRS is seeking for a project planner with the following requirements:
Job description/responsibilities:
As a Planning Engineer you will assist various departments of the project team by analyzing and
gathering (from all departments) input to set-up and progress the Contractual and Execution schedules
Key Objectives/Main Accountabilities of the Job (not limited to):
-Collaboration with all relevant departments within the project to gather (weekly) progress related
to the various activities.
-Regular reporting of progress and impact on the Critical Path to the relevant departments.
-Analyze budget requirements covering all stages and packages of the project.
-Search for improvement opportunities within the Execution schedule.
-Reports directly to the Project Controls Manager.
Behavioral Competencies:
-Communicates in a calm and confident way at all times.
-Demonstrates an adaptable and flexible approach.
-Uses initiative and autonomy in tasks undertaken.
-Takes accountability for own actions.
-Must be able to work with integrity and contribute to the team (is a team player).
-Accurate with a high attention to detail whilst working under pressure.
-Ability to multitask in a fast-paced environment and meet set deadlines.
-Extremely organized, well presented with a professional demeanor.
Essential Skills / Qualifications:
Minimum:
-Bachelor’s degree or equivalent experience such as at least minimum of 5 years’ experience
working as Project Planner, with Primavera P6, preferably within the construction, dredging or
marine industry.
-Have experience in working with a planning and reporting regime and system for complex
projects.
-Advanced Knowledge of MS Office applications, MS Project and Primavera are a must;
-Strong verbal and written communication skills in English.
-Able to communicate at several levels.
-Able to take the lead in bi-weekly progress planning meetings. | https://www.trsstaffing.com/job/planning-engineer-primavera-p6-construction-dredging-or-marine-industry-in-szczecin-poland-jid-15051 |
This report provides an overview of considerations for designing and implementing successful energy efficiency financing programs for existing buildings in the residential and commercial sectors. Information on key issues related to energy efficiency financing programs, guidance to existing resources that provide more in-depth financing program design and implementation information, and strategies for delivering broad customer access to attractive financing products that enhance customer capacity and willingness to invest in energy efficiency to address "first cost" barriers are included.
This paper first details industry best practices for contest administration, including tips for developing an overall contest plan and timeline, product sponsor recruitment, building a dynamic informational website, maximizing customer participation, selecting the winning home, seamless installation management, capturing and documenting project results, conducting a high profile media open house and facilitating customer workshops that educate homeowners and strengthen trade ally relationships. This paper then presents results and key lessons learned from more than 20 contests supported with funds from local community sustainability programs, utility energy efficiency programs, and U.S. Recovery and Reinvestment Act funds between 2008 and 2012.
This report explores the approaches and research needs identified in the Building Retrofit Industry and Market (BRIM) Initiative through in-depth discussion with residential energy upgrade experts including a discussion of Marketing & Outreach and the program/contractor interface.
Reviews and summarize energy efficiency financing models and strategies. Models are analyzed according to funding sources, program structures, limits to scale, repayment vehicles, and project risks. Strategies consider applicable building sectors, models, levels of establishment, growth potential, advantages, and disadvantages.
This U.S. Environmental Protection Agency resource is intended to help state and local governments design finance programs for their jurisdiction. It describes financing program options, key components of these programs, and factors to consider as they make decisions about getting started or updating their programs.
This report describes different approaches to energy efficiency finance taken by utilities.
This report presents results, recommendations, and case studies of energy efficiency financing programs.
This paper, which is based on detailed case studies of nine existing state and local programs, presents recommendations for energy upgrade programs to facilitate industry growth and support contractor business models. | https://rpsc.energy.gov/publications?f%5B0%5D=field_organization_or_program%3A2953&f%5B1%5D=field_program_design_phase%3A7&%3Bf%5B1%5D=field_organization_or_program%3A3340&%3Bamp%3Bf%5B1%5D=field_state_or_territory%3A742&%3Bamp%3Bf%5B2%5D=field_state_or_territory%3A746 |
BUYING A FRANCHISE
Starting a business from scratch can be challenging. Franchising or buying an existing business can simplify the initial planning process.
Once you've decided to purchase a franchise, we’ll need to evaluate each opportunity. You'll need to review the following:
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Any and all existing reports
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Associated rules and regulations
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Contracts
Once you’ve found a franchise or business to buy, it’s important to conduct a thorough, objective investigation. That's where we come in, we'll help you create and evaluate important documents. Typically that includes: | https://www.lafayetterealtygroup.com/purchase-1 |
The first edition of Imaging Anatomy: Knee, Ankle, Foot was a successful venture, designed to serve clinicians in medical imaging and each area’s related surgical and allied health specialists in sports medicine and pain management and surgeons operating on the foot and ankle. The second edition has been revised and expanded to include new information, new clinical concerns, and ultrasound imaging. Although anatomy does not change, our medical understanding of it continues to evolve, and that is reflected in our second edition. The high-resolution CT, MR, ultrasound, and radiographic images are richly labeled. The anatomy is further elucidated by color graphics. The text is designed to give you, the busy medical professional, rapid answers to imaging anatomy questions at a level beyond what is found online or in other anatomy texts. For easy reference, Imaging Anatomy: Knee, Ankle, Foot, second edition is subdivided into separate sections that cover detailed normal anatomy of the knee, ankle, and foot. The joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, and adjacent bones are discussed for each area. In addition, special sections on normal variants as well as relevant angles and measurements for the knee/leg and ankle/foot are included. Finally, needle approaches for aspiration/injection are delineated in detail. We believe you will find that this resource for subspecialty imaging enables you to make more accurate and sophisticated diagnoses in areas of complex anatomy. | https://medicalbooksfreedownload.com/imaging-anatomy-knee-ankle-foot-2nd-edition-pdf/ |
Dried red peppers are frequently contaminated with mycotoxins during storage. To determine the effect of storage environments on fungal occurrence and subsequent mycotoxin accumulation in dried red peppers, we monitored red pepper powder and whole fruit samples for fungal occurrence under various temperatures and relative humidity (RH) conditions during 340 days. Fungal occurrences fluctuated in both pepper forms throughout the storage but they were higher in pepper powder than whole one, higher under low temperatures (-20°C, 0°C, or 4°C) than others (10°C, 25°C, or 30°C), and higher under RH 93% than RH 51% and 69% in both peppers. The samples exhibiting high fungal occurrences were associated mainly with dominant species such as Aspergillus sydowii, Penicillium solitum, P. roqueforti, P. polonicum, or P. chrysogenum. Mycotoxigenic species, including A. flavus, A. ochraceus, A. westerdijkiae, A. tubingensis, and P. citrinum, were also detected throughout the samples. Although mycotoxins were not detected in the samples, mycotoxigenic potential of A. flavus, A. ochraceus, and A. westerdijkiae isolates were confirmed. These results show that low temperatures (-20°C, 0°C, or 4°C) and/or high surrounding RH (>93%) are not safe environments for storage of dried red peppers as fungal growth can occur under these conditions.
Introduction
Dried red peppers are among the most commonly used spices worldwide. More than 60% of the global dried red pepper supply is produced in Asian countries, including India, China, Bangladesh, and Thailand (Kim, 2014). The critical control points in this process are the drying of fresh red pepper and storage of dried pepper (Özkan et al., 2015). Whole dried red peppers are processed further to produce various ground products (e.g., red pepper powder, chili powder, and chili pepper flakes), which are distributed widely in markets.
Mycotoxin contamination is an important safety issue associated with dried red peppers. Although dried spices are generally expected to remain intact for long periods, mycotoxin contamination has often been reported in various countries. Aflatoxins (AFs) are the most frequently detected mycotoxins in dried red peppers (Ali et al., 2015; Aydin et al., 2007; Fazekas et al., 2005; Khan et al., 2014; Özkan et al., 2015; Singh and Cotty, 2017). Co-occurrence of AFs and ochratoxin A (OTA) has also been reported (Jegal et al., 2013; Kim et al., 2009; Ozbey and Kabak, 2012; Salari et al., 2012; Santos et al., 2010). Due to the high toxicity of AFs and OTA, these mycotoxins must be regulated to ensure food safety. Recently, the Codex Committee on Contaminants in Foods (CCCF) has started to set maximum levels for AFs and OTA in spices, including red pepper (CCCF, 2018). As mycotoxins are fungal metabolites, yeast and mold counts are generally used to indicate the level of microbiological risk in foods. Among yeasts and molds, the most frequent contaminants associated with pepper products are Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. (Adebanjo and Shopeju, 1993; Costa et al., 2019; Ham et al., 2016; Santos et al., 2011), including many important mycotoxigenic species such as A. flavus (Ham et al., 2016; Mandeel, 2005).
Dried pepper products generally take several months from production to consumption, hence, it is important to avoid the microbial contamination during storage. Many studies have documented microbial increases and physicochemical changes in dried red pepper after long-term storage (Choi et al., 2018; Duman, 2010; Kim et al., 1984; Park et al., 1994; Rico et al., 2010). Previous works mainly targeted red pepper powders rather than whole dried red peppers, which are usually stored as raw materials to make a red pepper powder or often directly used in cooking. In present study, we investigated fungal occurrence on red pepper powder and whole dried red pepper under different storage conditions (temperature and relative humidity [RH]) during long-term monitoring (about 1 year).
Materials and Methods
Sampling and storage conditions. We purchased red pepper powder and whole dried red pepper from two manufacturers located in Chungnam and Gyeongbuk provinces, respectively, which are about 240 km apart from each other in Korea. The samples were labeled A and B by regions (Chungnam and Gyeongbuk provinces, respectively). Whole dried peppers were bought in bulk and subdivided into 250- g in low density polyethylene double zipper bags for the experiments. Pepper powders came as individually packaged in a single 1-kg vinyl zipper bag and they were used for storage without further division.
Pepper powders and dried whole peppers were stored under a range of temperature and RH conditions. All samples were stored at different temperatures of −20°C, 0°C, 4°C, 10°C, 25°C, and 30°C, except for dried peppers. Dried peppers were not stored at −20°C because they are usually stored at around 0°C. Saturated aqueous solutions of Mg(NO3)2, KI, and KNO3 were prepared to attain 51%, 69%, and 93% RH, respectively as previously described (Greenspan, 1977), in individual airtight polypropylene plastic containers (29.0×19.5×15.5 cm). For saturated salt solutions, each salt was dissolved in warm distilled water with stirring until no more excess salt dissolved. For each type of pepper, pairs of samples (A and B) in separate plastic bags were placed in stack in incubators set at different temperatures or up on the rack to avoid direct contact with the solution in separate containers for RH treatment. The RH containers were placed in a room maintained at 25±2°C for the entire study period and kept airtight to ensure its RH during storage. Storage started right after the sample arrival and the initial status of the samples was measured as 0 day. During the storage, we sampled 7 g whole pepper and 20 g pepper powder from each treatment every 10 days for fungal and mycotoxin analyses, until the amount of pepper remaining in the treatments was insufficient for sampling. The moisture content (MC) of each sample was measured upon collection using a moisture analyzer (HMM-700E, Han Young Systems, Seoul, Korea). Every 30 days starting at 10 days, the water activity of the samples was measured using a water activity meter (LabMaster-aW, Novasina, Lachen, Switzerland).
Fungal occurrence and identification. To investigate fungal occurrence in the samples, we prepared the samples as reported previously (Ham et al., 2016). Each mixture (1 g of pepper powder sample with 9 ml sterile water) was vortexed vigorously for 1 min; 2 ml of this mixture was then spread onto potato dextrose agar (PDA; Difco, Detroit, MI, USA) plates (200 µl mixture per plate). Fungal colonies were counted after 5 days of incubation at 25°C. Whole pepper samples were cut into 5×5-mm squares, and 50 random cuts were placed on PDA plates. Incubation and colony counts were performed as described above. Fungal occurrence was calculated as the number of colony-forming units (cfu) per gram of sample after averaging weighs of 50 counts.
Fungal colonies were identified visually at first based on colony and spore morphology for Aspergillus and Penicillium counting. Then, representative colonies were isolated and all the isolates were subjected to PCRs to identify species using ITS4/5, β-tubulin, or calmodulin genes. To screen for mycotoxin producibility PCRs were performed using norB-cypA gene for AFs and ketosynthase domain of polyketide synthase gene for OTA. All PCRs were carried out as described previously (Ham et al., 2016).
Mycotoxin analysis. Selected samples were analyzed for AFs B1, B2, G1, G2, and OTA. We extracted 4 g of each sample with 70% methanol (with 1% NaCl) for AFs. The extracts were cleaned using immuno-affinity columns (AflaTest WB, VICAM, Milford, MA, USA), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The samples were dried under nitrogen gas, reconstituted in 1 mL acetonitrile solution with 20% trifluoroacetic acid, and then filtered (0.22 µm, SiliCycle, Quebec, Canada) before injection into an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system (ACQUITY UPLC HClass, Waters, Singapore). We injected 10 µl of each sample into a reverse-phase C18 column (X-Select CSH C18; 2.5 µm, 2.1×100 mm; Waters, Dublin, Ireland). The mobile phase consisted of water–methanol–acetonitrile (76:14:10, v/v/v) was run isocratically at a flow rate of 0.3 ml/min. For OTA, 1 g of each sample was extracted with methanol-sodium bicarbonate (50:50) solution and cleaned with an OchraTestWB (VICAM) immune-affinity column. The samples were dried as described above, reconstituted with acetonitrile–water–acetic acid (99:99:2), and analyzed by UPLC with the same solution as a mobile phase. The limit of quantification for AFs and OTA was 0.5 µg/kg. These analyses were repeated three times.
Results
Effect of temperature on fungal occurrence. Fungal occurrence fluctuated, with occasional sharp increases, throughout the storage period in both whole and pepper powder samples. The fungal occurrences appeared to be higher at low temperatures (from −20°C to 4°C) and especially in pepper powder samples, usually orders of magnitude higher than those in whole. Analysis of data collected every 30 days showed that the median fungal occurrences through the storage period is the highest in the pepper powder A at −20°C (8.3×102 cfu/g), followed by 0°C (4.1×102), 4°C (3.3×102), and 4°C (1.4×102) in the pepper powder B (Fig. 1). In whole peppers, fungal occurrences only at 4°C were higher than other temperatures in both samples (Fig. 1). The highest fungal occurrence (2.5×104 cfu/g at 180 days) was observed in pepper powder sample B at 4°C (Fig. 2). Other high occurrences were observed in pepper powder sample A at 0°C (8.1×103 at 260 days) and at −20°C (2.6×103 cfu/g at 200 days) (Supplementary Table 1). At these temperatures, fungal occurrence fluctuated during the whole period, which pattern was a contrast to the higher temperatures. Relatively higher temperature treatments (10°C, 25°C, and 30°C) showed flat and lower occurrence during the entire storage. For whole peppers, the highest peaks occurred at 4°C (70 days) for both samples A and B but with very low occurrences (Fig. 1, Supplementary Fig. 1).
The dominant fungal genera associated with dried pepper varied among samples and conditions. Pepper powder A was associated mainly with Penicillium, especially at −20°C and 0°C, whereas pepper powder B was associated with Aspergillus at −20°C, 0°C, and 4°C (Supplementary Table 1). The predominant Penicillium species occurred were P. solitum, P. roqueforti, P. polonicum, and P. chrysogenum, and the predominant Aspergillus species was A. sydowii. In whole pepper samples, A. sydowii was dominant at all temperatures. Representative mycotoxigenic species, such as A. flavus (AFs), A. ochraceus, and A. westerdijkiae (OTA), were occasionally detected from the samples regardless of storage conditions or period (Supplementary Table 1). A. flavus was detected frequently in pepper powder B, whereas A. ochraceus and A. westerdijkiae were found in whole A. A. tubingensis occurred more frequently in sample B (both whole and powder). None of these species contributed to the fungal occurrence peaks shown in Fig. 2 during the study period. It is notable that in pepper powder B, A. flavus was detected only from cold temperatures lower than 10°C.
Effect of RH on fungal occurrence. Fungal occurrence appeared to increase with a pattern only at 93% RH in both pepper powder and whole pepper samples. Median of fungal occurrence was significantly higher at 93% than 51% and 69% in all the samples of both pepper forms (Fig. 1). In pepper powders, fungal occurrence tended to increase during early storage then, decrease (Fig. 3). Whole pepper samples showed a slower increase than did pepper powder ones, resulting in a rightward shift of the fungal occurrence trend (Supplementary Fig. 2). Fungal occurrence in the whole samples were two orders of magnitude lower than those of the pepper powder samples. At 69% and 51% RH, no pepper powder samples showed a significant increase in fungal occurrence, which remained lower than 2.0×102 cfu/g throughout the storage period, except the sample B at day 10 under 69% RH (Supplementary Table 1). The fungal occurrence of whole pepper samples fluctuated below 2.2×10 cfu/g. Most samples were associated with A. sydowii, especially at 93% RH, throughout the storage periods and with mycotoxigenic species such as A. flavus, A. ochraceus, A. westdijkiae, and A. tubingensis at all RH levels (Supplementary Table 1).
MC and water activity of pepper samples. The MC and water activity of the samples varied with temperature, RH, and pepper form throughout the storage period. MC decreased gradually in the pepper powder samples under the 30°C treatment after 120 days, but changed little at other temperatures (<14%) (Supplementary Fig. 3). In whole pepper, MC declined with fluctuation at 10°C and higher temperatures, most steeply under the 30°C treatment, where it was not detectable after 130 days. Under the 0°C and 4°C treatments, MC of whole pepper fluctuated but remained around at 12±1-2%. Water activity of both pepper powder and whole samples showed similar trends to the MC (<0.8) (Supplementary Fig. 4). With RH treatment, the MC and water activity of both pepper powder and whole samples increased throughout the test period at 69 and 93%; the greater RH resulted in the higher MC and water activity over time, with acquisition of more moisture in whole pepper samples than pepper powder ones (Supplementary Figs. 3, 4). Occasional upsets observed in Supplementary Fig. 3 could be measuring errors.
Mycotoxin production. We screened the capabilities of the 64 isolates to produce AF and OTA based on the presence of the fungal genes required for the biosynthesis of these mycotoxins. None of them were from the same sample and their origin covered whole range of temperature or RH as some were marked in Supplementary Table 1. These isolates were identified as one of eight mycotoxigenic species (A. flavus, A. ochraceus, A. ruber, A. tubingensis, A. westerdijkiae, P. verrucosum, P. citrinum, and P. nordicum) that were known to produce either AF or OTA. One A. flavus and two A. nomius isolates were found to be positive for AF, and seven (four A. westerdijkiae, two A. ochraceus, and one P. citrinum) were found to be positive for OTA (Table 1). However, none of AF and OTA was detected above the quantification limit in any of the ground or whole pepper samples examined in this study (data not shown).
Discussion
During about 1-year storage, 4°C and lower temperatures or high RH (e.g., 93%) appeared to encourage fungal growth in both pepper powder and whole dried pepper samples. This finding is contrary to general assumption that cold temperatures generally limit microbial growth. Rather, advantage of cold temperature for pepper would be attributed to maintaining its quality. Regarding to temperature, inconsistent results have been reported for microbial reduction in red pepper powder. One study showed that storage of red pepper powder at room temperature for 6 months caused no change in yeast and mold counts (Lee et al., 1997), whereas another showed that yeast and mold counts decreased by two orders of magnitude, from 4.6×103 cfu/g to 1.2×10, after 6 months of storage at 4±2°C (Rico et al., 2010). With 10-day interval measurement, our work revealed fluctuations in fungal contaminant levels, rather than proportional change, notably with peaks at cold temperatures. Why occurrence levels increased at certain time points and were not maintained remains unclear but it could have been caused by sampling, as fungal spores or mycelial mass are unevenly attached to ground particles or inner surfaces of whole peppers without free dispersal. In addition, this study revealed for the first time that whole pepper fruits were less susceptible to fungal occurrence (contamination) than pepper powder samples at all the time points examined. Previous studies can be comparable to our result as they documented greater AF contamination of ground pepper than of whole peppers (Khan et al., 2014; Kim et al., 2005; Singh and Cotty, 2017). In this regard, it can be speculated that the ground samples provide more surface areas for fungal colonization than whole fruit samples, suggesting that whole pepper is more suitable form than pepper powder for long-term storage in terms of microbial reduction only when the environments are controlled properly.
As fungal occurrence was inconsistent with MC or water activity which showed increasing/decreasing pattern respective to temperature, it might be due to some change in the pepper microenvironments rather than water content in the peppers. However, further investigation is required as we did not measure RH among the temperature treatments and there could be other factors such as packaging material and air-flow. We did not measure the qualitative indices of the stored samples but the color started to deteriorate visually at 30°C (from 120 days) and at 25°C (from 230 days) in the whole pepper.
RH accelerated fungal growth in both pepper powder and whole pepper samples only at a high level (93%). Fungal occurrence showed a pattern looking like an inverted v-shaped curve with a peak at 50 days for ground samples, and later for whole ones (Supplementary Table 1). The pattern clearly showed that fungal occurrence increased to a certain point where the humidity reached saturation then decreased; increasing humidity encouraged fungal growth. It was irrelevant with either MC or water activity again as in the temperature treatment. As this pattern was common to both pepper forms, it suggests that surrounding high humidity (93% RH) was the critical factor to promote fungal growth (of spores or mycelia). The peak time difference between two pepper forms may reflect the physical structures of them, with more time required for the saturation of whole peppers. It also indicates that the commercial zip bags used in the study were not airtight enough to block penetration of surrounding airs completely. Although dried red pepper was not usually stored under such high RH, humidity can be increased without proper control. A previous study on the quality of stored dried red pepper showed that the optimal storage conditions were 13–15% water content and 60%±5% RH (Park et al., 1994). Red pepper powder has also been reported to brown at high-equilibrium MC and RH higher than 75% (Kim et al., 1984). Regarding to mycotoxin production, high levels of water activity (>0.9) have been reported to favor OTA production by Aspergillus section Nigri (Bellí et al., 2004). However, the water activity levels of dried red pepper tested in this study were lower than 0.8; thus, this effect was not observed. Another study showed that A. flavus was able to grow and produce AFs at 21°C/97% RH and 30°C/85% RH in rice (Choi et al., 2015). In rice, Aspergillus populations were affected more by temperature (>10°C) than by RH (Mannaa and Kim, 2018).
Most peaks of fungal occurrence levels during storage consisted of single species of the genera Aspergillus or Penicillium. Associations with single dominant species varied among samples and treatments. A. sydowii was dominant in both pepper types at 93% RH, indicating that A. sydowii was best suited to the high RH (Supplementary Table 1). Although these dominant species are known to be nontoxigenic (Frisvad et al., 2004; Pitt and Hocking, 2009), other Aspergillus and Penicillium species detected are producers of various toxic metabolites (Frisvad et al., 2004; Ismaiel and Papenbrock, 2015; Nielsen et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2016). The co-occurrence of many mycotoxigenic species, such as A. flavus, A. ochraceus, A. westerdijkiae, A. tubingensis, P. verrucosoum, and P. citrinum, can still pose a threat to food safety. P. citrinum can produce citrinin (Jeswal and Kumar, 2015) and OTA (Zhao et al., 2017). We did not analyze our samples for citrinin, but we found that one P. citrinum isolate had the potential for OTA production. A. tubingensis that was detected commonly in our samples belongs to Aspergillus section Nigri with A. niger and A. carbonarius. A. niger has been found in frequent association with red pepper (Bokhari, 2007; Erdogan, 2004). A. tubingensis from grapes has been reported to produce OTA but with frequencies lower than A. niger and A. carbonarius (Perrone et al., 2006); thus, whether A. tubingensis isolates from red pepper also produce OTA must be determined. Chilies have been suspected to contain quantities of Aspergillus section Flavi (Singh and Cotty, 2017). As we confirmed its presence in our samples and aflatoxigenic or ochratoxigenic potential by a few isolates, the production of AFs and OTA will depend on storage conditions. A couple of studies reported such cases: AF levels increase after 5-month storage of hot pepper, with 61% greater contamination at 25°C and 30°C than at 20°C (Iqbal et al., 2011); a 10-fold increase in yeast and mold counts with the AF B1 increasing from <0.2 to 1.56 μg/kg after 6-month storage of red chili pepper (Duman, 2010). No detection of mycotoxins in our samples might be due to lack of the conducive condition or fungal quantity for mycotoxin production during storage. As long as the mycotoxigenic strains survive, however, mycotoxin can be produced when the condition becomes suitable and the fungi proliferate.
This study provides a glimpse of unexpected fungal population dynamics in dried red pepper during storage. It shows that cold temperatures can promote fungal growth. It is important to know that cold storage such as -20°C does not guarantee to control fungal contamination but can harbor fungi including mycotoxigenic species. As pepper powders hold more fungi than whole fruit ones, whole pepper is a safer form for long-term storage than ground one to reduce fungal occurrence. Although fungal increase was not related with either MC (<16%) or water activity (<0.8) of the samples in both forms of pepper, high RH needs to be controlled to minimize fungal propagation in dried red pepper storage.
Notes
Conflicts of Interest
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea (Project No. PJ012676).
Electronic Supplementary Material
Supplementary materials are available at Research in Plant Disease website (http://www.online-rpd.org/). | https://online-rpd.org/journal/view.php?number=1728&viewtype=pubreader |
or “Cenacle”.
The disciples probably had the habit of sharing a meal together and gather for special Jewish feasts. And so, they found themselves together again for the Passover. Passover, which means “passage”; in the Judaic tradition, it commemorates the passing of the Jewish people through Egypt into the Promised Land, on a road that would lead them to freedom and safety. The Last Supper pre-empts, in this case, a kind of passage. That of Jesus. By his sacrifice on the Cross, Jesus assures us safe passage between life and death. Like a bridge between us, humanity, and God.
This last meal was therefore different than any other. In just a few hours Jesus would be handed over, judged and killed. Marked by his coming Passion, Jesus performed gestures, typical of a Paschal meal, that his disciples would be able to imitate again and again: washing of the feet, breaking of bread, reading psalms and singing hymns. Each sign took on a new meaning. This memorial was completely fulfilled in Jesus. He gives them their definitive form, not for himself or for an exclusive group of friends, but for the sake of all humanity, for the salvation of sinners. This was to happen only by becoming the servant of servants.
He begins with the washing of the feet, a well-known ritual in Jewish tradition. This task is usually given to the servant of the household and not to the guest of honour, which would have been Jesus. He therefore identifies himself to the servant. Washing feet was one of the greatest humiliations. Feet were submitted to harsh conditions, dust, rocks and dirt… However Jesus, the Son of God, washes the feet of each of his disciples. They were scandalized by such humility and lowering in their friend. Peter tells him: “You shall never wash my feet”. Jesus replies: “If I do not wash you, you can have no share with me”. To refuse Jesus is to refuse his friendship, just as refusing his forgiveness is an obstacle to his grace. Then he tells them that he who wishes to become his disciple must imitate him.
When they finally sit down for the meal, Jesus tells them: “I ardently desired to eat this Passover with you”. He has desired to eat this meal with his friends for a long time, to express his profound love. In sharing the bread and the wine he says: “This is my body given for you”, “This is my blood poured out for you”. He thus expresses his desire to give them himself as food, as nourishment, to give himself totally to those he loves. The gift of his body would allow every man and woman to enter into communion with him for centuries to come. For he told them “Do this in memory of me” and imparts them with his priesthood.
Eucharist means thanksgiving. And thanksgiving implies participation, a commitment towards the gift received. That is why when we participate in the Eucharist we accept at once to make of our own life a gift for others, translated into concrete signs of humility and service as Jesus did. In this way we imitate him perfectly. How is our life
Eucharistic
? How is it a gift for others? How far would we be willing to go for those we love? Or for those we love less?
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Monthly Archives: May 2014
This picture of Llyn Idwal in Snowdonia seems to have generated a lot of interest on my Facebook page. And sparked some debate about personal taste. But among the comments, I was asked what my workflow and settings were for this image. So here we go…
Shooting
Firstly, I always shoot RAW.
Secondly, with the exception of shooting concerts (when I shoot Manual) or helicoptors (when I shoot Shutter-priority with a shutter speed of around 1/60th), I almost always shoot in Aperture-priority mode, with -0.33 exposure compensation.
The first thing I do (these days*) when confronted with a high contrast scene is take a quick shot at default aperture priority settings to see what the dynamic range really is.
Looking at the histogram, showed that the dark parts of the image were just about OK, but that the bright parts were totally overexposed (clipped).
So I took one shot exposed for the landscape and another with 1 stop less exposure compensation, for the sky.
Processing with Adobe Bridge
Some people are fans of Lightroom, others of Adobe Camera RAW (ACR) in Bridge. The process is pretty much the same in either.
I increased the Clarity slider to bring out the details and texture in the grass. But using the Clarity slider will alter the brightness of the image, so I then compensated for this by reducing Exposure slightly, and increasing Shadows (which brings back some light into the darkest areas).
I then fine tuned this ever so slightly on the Curves tab.
Most of the work went into the Saturation and Luminance changes on the HSL tab. Lightening the orange, yellow and green of the grass/straw, whilst darkening the blues in the water. A side-effect of lightening a colour is it gets desaturated slightly (and vice versa), so I compensated for this by boosting the saturation of the yellows and greens.
That was it, so I clicked Done. This saves the changes without opening Photoshop.
Next I opened the darker of the 2 images.
The exposure was already perfect on this for the sky, so I only increased the Clarity slider to bring out the detail in the clouds.
On the Curves tab, I darkened the shadows area of the image to add more drama, whilst adding a control point in the highlights to avoid changing them.
And that was it, so I clicked Done for this image too.
Photoshop
With ACR in Bridge being as powerful as it is, I very rarely need to use Photoshop these days. The only things I normally use it for are:
Adding a watermark/signature
Merging images to form a panorama
Removing large/complex objects from the image
I now needed to merge these two images. So I selected them both in Bridge, then chose Tools->Photoshop->Photomerge…
This opens a dialog where you can choose how to merge the images.
This feature is brilliant for aligning images, even when handheld. But as I wanted to control which parts of each image I used, I deselected the option “Blend Images Together”
This brings both images into a Photoshop document on separate layers. After cropping I then selected the parts of the brighter image that I wanted to replace.
I used the Quick Select tool to select the bright sky (and held down the Alt key to remove parts of the selection when it accidentally selected the snow). I zoomed in and reduced the size of the tool for extra precision when required.
I then chose Select->Inverse, so that everything EXCEPT the sky was selected, clicked Refine Edge and feathered the selection very slightly.
And then clicked the Add Layer Mask button. This automatically adds a mask to only keep what was selected. Using a small, feathered brush, I manually tidied up the mask slightly.
To add even more drama to the sky I added a Curves Adjustment Layer.
In this I increased the contrast even more.
I increased the amount of blue in the shadows, but reduced it from the highlights, and ever so slightly reduced the amount of red in the shadows.
And that was it!
Scaled down for Facebook, added a watermark and save for web.
* Back in the days of film, I would use my wonderful Pentax Spotmeter V to take readings of different parts of the scene.
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Cord-cutting has been slowly growing, and that has begun to change how people consume television. The trend is speeding up, and a number of companies have become established in the space, while a few others have big plans to go after the growing market.
On this episode of Industry Focus: Tech, Dylan Lewis is joined by Motley Fool contributor Daniel Kline to dig into what's happening in the cable and streaming space in 2018. The discussion includes how Disney's(DIS 1.84%) purchase of parts of Fox (FOX) will give it more presence in this space, including a controlling share in Hulu. In addition, the two talk about the wild card of T-Mobile's (TMUS 1.69%) decision to offer a television service and whether the U.S. market has become saturated for Netflix (NFLX 2.90%) and Amazon.com (AMZN 3.15%).
A full transcript follows the video.
This video was recorded on Dec. 15, 2017.
Dylan Lewis: Dan, you teed up TV disruption. Why don't we start talking about that? In the past decade, the way people consume content has radically changed, I think it's pretty safe to say. You spend a ton of time covering cable and streaming tech, and this is one space that you think is going to be a major focus for the next year.
Dan Kline: The cable universe, as we've talked about endlessly for the last four years, has gotten smaller. And the pace of that is accelerating. That means that people who used to buy a traditional cable bundle are now cutting the cord or never opting to have cable, or they're going with alternative services. And as more and more services come out, that becomes more likely. If you look, we have a second home, and our second home, instead of cable, we have Netflix, we have Sling, we have Hulu, we have an antenna. So we got a little bit of live programming through Sling, can you get a couple of channels over the antenna, there's everything you can watch on Netflix, everything you can watch on Hulu. I have Amazon Prime, although aside from The Tick I don't think I've used it. And this is a space where there's five or six other players, the most interesting one being T-Mobile, that are going to come into it in the coming year.
Lewis: I'm with you, Dan. I'm someone that has high-speed internet. I recently moved. I have high-speed internet, I have Netflix, Amazon Prime, and my roommate has HBO Go. And between those three, we cover a lot of the programming that we want to watch. So I don't think that you and I are alone in that. In this space, what are the players that you're most interested in? You mentioned T-Mobile. Why specifically them?
Kline: There's two big changes that are coming. The first one is the Disney-Fox deal. The Disney-Fox deal will give Disney a controlling interest in Hulu. That could absolutely change due to regulatory concerns. They could have to cede control or agree to a split board. It's hard to know exactly what will happen. But Hulu offers live streaming, much like Sling TV, and its Netflix-like archival and original series. That will give Disney a platform to add to its own planned sports and entertainment offerings that will have live streaming TV. So really, you might be able to buy a $30 or $40 package from Disney that, it won't replace everything you have in cable, but it'll hit all the ages. You'll get the adult Marvel Disney shows, you'll get the kids' stuff with the Pixar, you'll get the live streaming stuff with the sports. So that's potentially the first package that a family can look at and say, "Wow, I don't need cable because I'm hitting all ages." And with Netflix, we don't know exactly what they're going to do. They just bought a company called Layer3. Layer3 was an alternative cable provider. It's an interface that allows you to have one log-in for Netflix, Hulu, all the different services, along with your cable properties. It's a premium property. In theory, T-Mobile will offer that both on a digital streaming basis over its phone network and as a wired service. What that's going to look like, what the prices are, it's hard to know. But when you look at what T-Mobile has done in the wireless carrier space, you can assume it's going to be very consumer-friendly. And their ability to market to their customer base could instantly get them up to speed.
Lewis: So, a lot of that centered on the domestic market. I look at Amazon and Netflix specifically in the streaming space, and it seems to me like with Netflix's users and Amazon Prime's users, they're inching closer and closer to saturation with paying members domestically. Looking broadly internationally, is that where the growth is going to be for these guys?
Kline: I think for Netflix, absolutely. Netflix has a huge first-mover advantage. There are a lot of markets where simply the concept of streaming television has not been fully embraced. In Japan, people are not paying for this content in the same fashion, so Netflix has some education to do. When you look at Amazon Prime, I think their issue is different. I think the best majority of people who buy Amazon Prime do not buy it for video. So, if they're hoping to grow with video, they still need their killer content. You look at a show like Transparent that won all sorts of awards and got all sorts of acclaim -- most reports said it was only watched by about a million people. That doesn't compare to, a hit show on a network might do 15 [million]-17 million. So, yes, there's absolutely growth potential with video as a driver for Amazon outside the U.S. And for Netflix at 50-something million in the U.S., yeah, they're going to need to keep growing in some new markets, and that's expensive, but clearly, it's been working so far.
Lewis: And, for Netflix, that means bespoke content, it means creating content specifically for certain geographies.
Kline: And even simply translating. House of Cards might be interesting, or Jessica Jones, as we talked about before, which has a lot of action, that works in any language, but you're probably going to want to watch it in your language, not with subtitles, and probably not in English.
Lewis: Dan, anything else with the cable space or the streaming space that you're looking at for 2018?
Kline: I'd be worried about big cable. Obviously, Comcast and Verizon and some of the other players have made up for cable losses with selling broadband internet, because you need broadband internet to get these cord-cutting services. The problem with that is, there could be an innovation that allows some other method of delivery. Whether it's Google blimps or Facebook comes up with something, there absolutely could be a disruptor there. But I don't like any of the begrudging skinny bundle offers that are being put out by Comcast or Charter. They clearly are married to an old model, just like they were married to a monopoly model, and I don't think they're going to move fast enough. Obviously, it's only a portion of Comcast's revenue, but I would be very worried about Charter as more and more people leave the traditional cable space. | https://www.fool.com/investing/2017/12/19/what-will-the-cable-business-look-like-in-2018.aspx |
Consumer Confidence Reports (CCR) are required by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The CCR must be prepared and distributed by all Community Water Systems in order to provide information concerning water quality for the previous monitoring year. The report identifies detected contaminants, compliance with drinking water rules, and educational language, and is based on information reported to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR). While it is not required that you use DNR’s generator, using it will help to ensure that you have a CCR that complies with the CCR Rule by providing data already reported to us as well as required health effects and educational language required by EPA. You can save the report created by the generator and modify it if you wish to present it in a different format.
Steps to create a Consumer Confidence Report
Each year on March 1, you can begin using the generator for compiling data from the previous year to be used in your annual CCR. While you will still be able to access the generator prior to March 1, you will only be able to look at data that may have been included in previous years’ CCR’s.
A Consumer Confidence Report and Certification form must be prepared and distributed to water consumers and the DNR by July 1 of each year.
Example: The year shown on the CCR is for the monitoring year. Therefore, a 2013 CCR is due by July 1, 2014, and covers the monitoring year 2013.
- What is required?
- What else is recommended?
- Accessing a Consumer Confidence Report
- Customizing a Consumer Confidence Report
- Saving/editing/printing help
- Certifying your Consumer Confidence Report
- Questions?
- What is required?
-
- All Community Water Systems must complete and distribute a CCR by July 1 each year.
- Sign a Consumer Confidence Certification form.
- Distribute the information to water consumers.
- Provide a copy of your completed CCR and CCR Certification to your Regional DNR Representative.
- What else is recommended?
-
- Water Supply system owners and operators are strongly encouraged to thoroughly review all information generated by this program.
- If you find errors or believe information to be incomplete, contact your Regional DNR Representative prior to including these tables in your CCR.
- For any MCLs, consider attaching a copy of the Public Notice to the CCR or using the same explanation you used in the Public Notice.
- To access the DNR’s Public Water System Consumer Confidence Report Generation tool
-
- Go to our CCR Report Generation page
- Read the information at the top for an understanding of how the data is to be used. Also read the “Note” in the lower box in order to be prepared to complete the CCR generation. Note that you will need to complete all information in one session, so have your additional information specified in the “Note” area handy.
- Enter either the PWS ID or a portion of the PWS Name and click the “Find” button.
- Select your system.
- Provide information as indicated and use the buttons to move to additional screens. When you're finished providing data, use the buttons to get the CCR Document and the CCR Certification.
The information displayed on subsequent screens is created from data submitted to the Wisconsin DNR and maintained in our data system. It also includes general health and educational information that must be a part of every CCR. However, the DNR does not maintain all of the system information that is required to be in every CCR, so each water system can customize their report to include the additional required information. The CCR can then be saved to a Microsoft Word document, where you may do any final editing, save, and print out a final copy of your report.
- Customizing your Consumer Confidence Report
-
You will need to provide additional information in order to prepare a complete CCR. DNR does not capture and store in its database all of the information required in a report (e.g., opportunities for public participation in decisions that may affect the quality of the water, specific steps your water system has taken to correct violations, etc.). You will be given the opportunity to add this information, so be sure to check the instructions for the generator and make sure you have all information on hand in order to complete the CCR in one session. IMPORTANT: Once you close your Internet browser, you will need to start over if you have not completed all of the information required to generate a CCR.
- Saving/editing your Consumer Confidence Report
-
After viewing the data provided by our database and providing information we don’t maintain, you can produce a Microsoft Word file of the CCR. Save it to your computer, because the document will not be automatically stored anywhere. You may add additional information to the CCR, but you should not remove any that initially appears in the CCR, without first talking with your DNR Representative.
- Certifying your Consumer Confidence Report
-
You are required to sign a certification form indicating when and how you distributed the CCR. This form will also help you determine appropriate methods for distributing the CCR to your water consumers, and you need to indicate on the form which method(s) you used. The certification form is available in the generator. Complete the certification form, sign it, and return it to your Regional DNR Representative shown on the top of the certification form, along with a copy of your completed CCR by July 1 of each year.
- Questions?
-
Please contact your Department of Natural Resources Regional representative to help answer any questions you may have concerning your Consumer Confidence reporting requirements. | https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/DrinkingWater/CCR.html |
The computing and electronic communications resources at Fairleigh Dickinson University support the instructional, research, and administrative activities of the University. Users of these facilities may have access to University resources, sensitive data, and external networks. Consequently, it is imperative for all users to behave in a responsible, ethical, and legal manner. This document presents specific guidelines to appropriate behavior and use of FDU computing resources.
SCOPE
These guidelines apply to all users of FDU computing resources. Users include all students, faculty, visiting faculty, staff, guests of the administration, and external individuals or organizations.
Computing resources include, but are not limited to, desktop and laptop computers, file servers, email and electronic communications, software, University-assigned email accounts, data storage, and networking equipment used to link these components together and to the Internet, whether owned, leased or rented by FDU. In addition, computing resources expressly include use of the University network via a physical or wireless connection, regardless of the ownership of the computer or device connected to the network. Moreover, this policy applies equally to all usage of University computing resources, whether that usage occurs through a University owned device or personal device.
University property, including computing resources, are provided to you in order to conduct University business. Although security protocols have been put in place to restrict access to computing resources in order to protect them against external parties or entities obtaining unauthorized access, employees should understand that these systems are intended for business use, and all computer resources are to be considered as University records.
Fairleigh Dickinson University is not responsible for the content of any material users prepare, receive or transmit. Thus, as a condition of using the University’s computer system, the user represents that he/she is in compliance with all federal, state and international copyright and other intellectual property laws and agreements and other federal and state laws, and that in his/her use of the system the user will not violate any federal or state civil or criminal laws. Furthermore, the user will indemnify, exonerate and hold the University, and its representatives, harmless from any claim, damage or cost related to the user’s use that is in violation of University policy(ies), including any legal fees the University decides it is necessary to incur to defend itself.
ACCEPTABLE USE
Those who make use of the FDU computing resources are required to behave in a manner consistent with FDU’s codes of conduct. As a user of this network, you agree to the following usage guidelines:
- You also shall not use an account not belonging to you. You will use only the computers, computer accounts and computer files for which you have authorization.
- You are responsible for any computer account you have been given. You shall set a password on the account that is in compliance with University password policies and you shall not share this password with other people. If you discover that someone has made unauthorized use of your account, you should change your password immediately and immediately report the event to one of the individuals listed in Appendix 1.
- You agree not to intentionally seek out information about, copy, or modify password files, other users’ files, or disks and tapes belonging to other people, whether at FDU or other facilities.
- You should not attempt to decrypt material to which you are not entitled or attempt to gain rights you have not been specifically granted by the owner. If you observe or discover a gap in system or network security, you agree to inform the one of the individuals listed in Appendix 1 and not to exploit the gap.
- You agree to refrain from any activity that interferes with a computer’s operating system or its logging and security systems, or that may cause such effects.
- You must be sensitive to the public nature of computing resources and agree not to transmit, post or otherwise display material that is threatening, obscene, harassing or defamatory. The use of University computing resources to libel, slander, or harass any other person is not allowed and could lead to University discipline as well as legal action by those who are the recipients of these actions.
- You agree not to make copies of or distribute software the University owns or uses under license, unless the owner of the software or the owner of the license has specifically granted permission to copy. If in doubt as to whether you have permission to copy software, assume you don’t.
- Messages, statements, and declarations sent as electronic mail or public postings should be treated as if they were tangible documents. From electronic identifiers used in the transmission of messages, addressees can see the University is the source of the message or its system is being used to transmit it, similar to how letterhead or return addresses on a tangible document would identify the University. SUGGESTION: Therefore, as a representative of the FDU community, you are expected to respect the University’s good name in your electronic dealings with those both within and outside the University. Moreover, in so far as employees make use of FDU computing resources to relay personal opinions, it is their obligation to make sure that no addressee can infer that their personal opinions are necessarily shared or authorized by the University, and they are obligated to clearly identify their opinions as their own and not those of the University.
- You agree not to create, alter, or delete any electronic information contained in any system that is not your own work.
- You agree not to create & send, or forward electronic chain mail letters. You agree not to attempt to alter or forge the “From” line or any other attribution of origin contained in electronic mail or postings. You agree not to use any of the University systems for sending what is commonly referred to as “SPAM” mail (unsolicited bulk email).
- You shall not use FDU computing resources as a means of obtaining unauthorized access to any other computing systems.
- FDU’s data storage, on University servers, hosted servers, third party storage or hosted storage, is an FDU computing resource with costs attached and should be used with care and discretion. It is not meant to be used for archiving programs and data not currently being used or for storage of files publicly available elsewhere. It is meant for current class work, research and development projects, business files and temporary storage of other files. Users shall attempt to keep their disk usage minimized and will refrain from maintaining duplicate copies of software already installed, or other files stored, on the system.
- Network addresses such as TCP/IP addresses and machine addresses are assigned by University Systems and Networking staff and may not be altered or otherwise assigned without the explicit permission of the Associate Vice President of Technology Infrastructure and CTO/CISO. In addition, no equipment may be attached to the network without the explicit permission of the the Associate Vice President of Technology Infrastructure and CTO/CISO.
- FDU’s computing resources are not to be used for the transmission of commercial or personal advertisements, solicitations, and promotions or for extended reproduction of political, ideological or commercial material originated by a person or organization. This includes but is not limited to the execution of revenue-generating advertising programs which pay users when the programs are run. The Associate Vice President of Technology Infrastructure and CTO/CISO may suspend this rule when it is in FDU’s best interest to permit such activity.
- Users may not contract with external Internet services, service providers or the like without the explicit approval of the Associate Vice President of Technology Infrastructure and CTO/CISO.
- Without the explicit permission of the Associate Vice President of Technology Infrastructure and CTO/CISO you agree not to run any of the following protocols or services:
A. Port scanners, network monitors or other types of utilities that probe any other computer, be they inside or outside FDU’s network.
B. Routing or network serving protocols such as RIP, IGRP, OOTP or DHCP on the network.
C. Daemons, processes or programs that accept incoming connections, as a server would.
D. Streaming media servers or any other server that broadcasts continuous data streams.
- FDU’s computing resources, including equipment,, network, services, and wiring may not be modified or extended beyond the areas of their intended use.
- Network connections may not be used to provide network access to anyone outside the University community or for any purposes other than those that are in direct support of the academic mission of the University.
- All computers connected to FDU’s network must run an operating system and configuration that is supported by its vendor with regard to security patches and updates, as well as antivirus software with current virus definitions. It is the user’s responsibility to keep their virus definitions up to date and to apply all critical operating system updates. For more information or questions email [email protected].
- Users may not alter the operating system or configuration of University owned computers without the explicit authorization of the Associate Vice President of Technology Infrastructure and CTO/CISO.
PERSONAL USE
Computing resources are created to support the instructional, research, and administrative activities of the University, and are the property of the University. Personal use of the University’s computing resources, except for students enrolled at the University , should be incidental and kept to a minimum. Use of such resources by an employee for other than work-related matters should be reasonable and limited so that it does not prevent the employee from attending to and completing work effectively and efficiently, does not incur additional cost to the University, and does not preclude others with work-related needs from using the resources, including the shared campus and Internet bandwidth.
Department Heads and other administrators may enact additional restrictions to further limit employees’ personal use of University computing resources. These restrictions may include but are not limited to: limiting time spent reading or writing personal email or visiting web pages, and limitations on acceptable content due to the possible exposure of screens to other individuals. Human Resources must be consulted, in advance, about any proposed restrictions.
SECURITY
Users should use any available methods to safeguard their data, including regular changes of passwords, making duplicates of files, and encrypting sensitive data. In the event that files have been corrupted as a result of intrusion, you should notify a system administrator immediately. Please note that FDU’s computing resources are not completely secure. It is possible that others will be able to access files by exploiting shortcomings in system security. For this and other reasons, FDU cannot assure confidentiality of files and other transmissions.
Information Systems and Technology (“IST”) and each of its departments attempt to provide reasonable security against damage to files stored on FDU’s computing resources by filtering all outgoing and incoming electronic mail for viruses and junk mail and making regular backups of systems. In connection with the University’s migration to Office 365, the University adopted a policy of retaining copy of each fdu.edu email for three (3) years. This means, regardless of individual user action, the University will maintain a copy of all email traffic for a period of 3 years.
In the event of lost or damaged files, a reasonable attempt will be made to recover the information; however, the University and the University Information Technology staff cannot guarantee recovery of the data or loss of data due to media failure, floods, fires, etc.
University Systems and Networking and each of its departments will make reasonable attempts to provide error-free hardware and software on our computing resources, however, it is not possible to guarantee this, and information provided by staff members is not guaranteed to be correct.
PRIVACY
Users should exercise caution when storing any confidential information in electronic format, because the privacy of such information cannot be guaranteed. User(s) must be aware that any personal files, including e-mail, maintained on University computing resources are University property and are subject to University storage, retrieval and review. Users of the University’s computing resources are hereby informed that they have no justified expectation of privacy in material processed, sent, or stored on or through the systems, and that the consent of the user to give access to his or her electronic documents is a condition precedent to the user’s use of University’s computer resources.
Even though the electronic data transmitted by or stored on University equipment is the property of the University, the IST staff will not normally log into another user account or access user’s files unless specifically granted permission by the user, or as otherwise permitted under this Policy. Student staff should avoid situations where helping another student or a faculty member would give them access to data relevant to a course that the student staff person is currently taking.
Exceptions to this practice are made under certain circumstances. These include: system backups, which access all files in a user’s account; software upgrades which may require editing startup files in a user’s account; diagnostic and trouble-shooting activities, which may, for example, require viewing the address headers of e-mail messages to determine the cause of problems; and keystroke monitoring of sessions to determine inappropriate use of the computing facilities. Another exception is a suspected violation of the tenets in this policy, the Student, Faculty, or Employee Handbooks, University employment policies, rules or practices or local, state or federal law, or as required by court order. In such situation(s), University computer resources in the possession of a user, or otherwise assigned to an individual, may be accessed, reviewed, duplicated and/or stored for later review by appropriate personnel without the user’s permission or knowledge.
Because employees are granted access to and use of FDU’s computing resources to conduct University business, the University reserves the right to access electronic mail messages left on or transmitted through the University’s computing resources. Employees should not assume that such messages are private and confidential or that the University or its designated representatives will not have a need to access and review this information. Individuals using the University’s computing resources should also have no expectation that any information stored on the University’s computing resources, whether the information is contained on a computer hard drive, computer disks, University or third party server or in any other manner, will be private.
In the event that user files need to be copied or viewed for reasons other than security, diagnostic, system backup or in compliance with law enforcement, or internal investigations authorized by the Associate Vice President of Human Resources and the General Counsel, University Systems and Networking staff may attempt to inform the user of this access.
The Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) binds all users who have access to student data. Its application relevant to this Acceptable Use Policy centers on a student’s right to consent to disclosure of personally identifiable information. FERPA does permit certain information to be released without consent and this information is referred to as “Directory information”. To find out specifically what information you may or may not give out and to whom, you must contact the respective Dean of Students office.
POLICY VIOLATIONS
Policy violations should be reported immediately to any one of the individuals listed in Appendix 1.
Violations of this policy will be dealt with as described in the Student, Faculty and/or Employee Handbooks, any relevant contracts, and possibly State and/or Federal law or regulations. University students and employees who violate this Policy will be met with appropriate disciplinary action, up to and including dismissal, expulsion or termination from the University. Third parties who violate this Policy may have their relationship with the University terminated and their access to campus restricted. In addition, a user’s system privileges can be suspended for a specified time period or revoked and/or a monetary fine may be imposed on those in violation to reimburse the University for the staff time and other costs of investigating and rectifying the violation.
The University reserves the right to suspend computing resource privileges while investigating a complaint or troubleshooting a system or network problem.
This policy is subject to revision. Comments and suggestions are welcome and should be sent to Neal Sturm, Vice president & Chief Information Officer, mailstop M-DB2-01, or [email protected].
This document will be reviewed semi-annually and is available both electronically and in printed form at each of the Campus Computing Centers.
It is the user’s responsibility to remain informed about the contents of this document. | https://it.fdu.edu/department/computing-services/ |
It is important to help people feel more confident as they face many decisions during their cancer journey and provide them with resources to show them that they don’t have to face the disease alone.
April 23, 2021
Article
The Cancer Support Community's Biomarker Testing Tool can help identify which targeted therapy should be used for treatment in patients with lung cancer.
January 29, 2021
Article
In a survey conducted by the Cancer Support Community, 33% of patients with lung cancer reported they were somewhat or not at all involved in the decision-making process, and 66% were not as knowledgeable about their treatment options as needed to make this decision.
January 15, 2021
Article
The digital program, which provides patients with cancer access to cognitive behavioral therapy and relaxation therapy, has been accessed by approximately 12,000 people across the United States since it launched in 2020.
November 23, 2020
Video
Anxiety is a natural part of the cancer journey, but if it isn't addressed then it can become a major challenge to treatment and recovery.
November 19, 2020
Video
A new report from the Cancer Support Community shows that extra attention is needed from patient providers to address financial toxicity. | https://www.curetoday.com/advocacy-groups/cancersupportc |
Q:
How to extract the variance covariance matrix for particular values?
I would like to extract the variance covariance matrix for variables b and c and have some struggles to find the right command. My original data frame has more then 100 variables. therefore to know a command to exctract that would be great
Given data:
a<-rnorm(1000, mean = 0, sd = 1)
b<-rnorm(1000, mean = 0, sd = 1)
c<-rnorm(1000, mean = 0, sd = 1)
d<-rbinom(1000, size = 1, prob = .5)
e<-rbinom(1000, size = 1, prob = .5)
f<-rbinom(1000, size = 1, prob = .5)
data<-data.frame(a,b,c,d,e,f)
test<-glm(a~b+c+d+e+f,data=data)
pe.glmCube<-test$coefficients[2:3] # point estimates
I tried the same with the variance matrix. But it seems senseless to do it that way:
vc.glmCube <- vcov(test[2:3]) # var-cov matrix
A:
vcov(test)[c("b", "c"), c("b", "c")]
# b c
#b 1.083964e-03 -2.532682e-05
#c -2.532682e-05 9.779278e-04
| |
- This event has passed.
The COMTO Miami Chapter Mock Interview Workshop
May 22, 2021 @ 9:00 am - 1:00 pm
This workshop will enhance your interviewing skills by providing a panel interview with real-time feedback and coaching from senior and mid-level professionals. Dress for success and be on time for your scheduled appointment.
- Presentation: Panel Interview tips (9:00 AM – 10:00 AM)
- Actual interview with hiring professionals.
- Participants must be 18 years or older. Space is limited. | https://comtonational.org/event/the-comto-miami-chapter-mock-interview-workshop/ |
Recent increases in market concentration among health plans, hospitals, and medical groups raise questions about what impact such mergers are having on costs to consumers. We examined the impact of market concentration on the growth of health insurance premiums between 2014 and 2015 in two Affordable Care Act state-based Marketplaces: Covered California and NY State of Health. We measured health plan, hospital, and medical group market concentration using the well-known Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) and used a multivariate regression model to relate these measures to premium growth. Both states exhibited a positive association between hospital concentration and premium growth and a positive (but not statistically significant) association between medical group concentration and premium growth. Our results for health plan concentration differed between the two states: It was positively associated with premium growth in New York but negatively associated with premium growth in California. The health plan concentration finding in Covered California may be the result of its selectively contracting with health plans. | https://nyuscholars.nyu.edu/en/publications/differing-impacts-of-market-concentration-on-affordable-care-act- |
The online implementation of Max Haas's lengthy investigation of chant variants is recent. After loading the data one can search either by text or by melody. A "canvas" offers a graph to map chant movement.
RDF
data.open.ac.uk
TYPE
Software
HOMEPAGE
visit the homepage of the project
EXTENT
not applicable
LICENSE
Open Access
SUBJECTSymbolic
TASKS
purposes or situations wherein to reuse the resource:
music history,
musicology,
comparative studies
SCOPE
not applicable
AUDIENCE
researchers
MUSIC FEATURES
for each item is described:
Descriptive Metadata,
Harmony,
Lyrics,
Melody,
Rhythm
FEATURES AND SERVICES
the resource provides:
Browsing,
Human Consumption,
Interoperable format,
Query Interface, | https://musow.kmi.open.ac.uk/resources/resources/d5dcff02f7ebccc7e8fe135413c8be54 |
A recent discussion thread on the Global Trade Compliance Professionals LinkedIn group page examined the issue of how many employees constituted a “properly staffed import compliance department.” While there is of course no definitive answer that applies to all importers, the thread highlighted key considerations when evaluating staffing decisions, summarized below.
As pointed out by the discussions, the most obvious factors to consider in staffing levels are:
- Import volume – entries and ISFs
- Degree of complexity of entries
- Average line items per entry
- Number of ports/shipping lanes used
- Involvement of OGAs
- Degree of system automation
Additionally, the staffing number will also depend on whether the importer uses the services of a customs broker or self-files entries/ISFs.
- If using a broker, the compliance staff must determine the level of involvement needed to provide the broker with all of the relevant information, to be available for follow-up questions and other oversight, and, most important, to audit the broker’s performance.
- If self-filing, the importer must have resources dedicated to filing, including self-auditing. In many cases, the number of employees necessary for direct filing may be the same or even less than that are required to oversee a broker, since the importer is more familiar with the particulars of their import stream, and it is more efficient to not use external parties.
In addition to entries/ ISFs, the staffing number will be affected by other responsibilities that the compliance staff will undertake, such as maintaining a compliance manual, employee training, product classification, filing PEAs, lodging protests, performing reconciliations, etc.
Beyond the specific number of import compliance personnel, another issue for an importer to consider is the type of positions that need to be created. For example, the compliance department could need a supervisor, entry specialists, pre-entry specialists, and/or post-entry audit staff.
Moreover, there is some debate as to whether an importer needs a licensed customs broker on staff. On the positive side, an LCB generally has more knowledge of the regulations than those who did not go through the licensing process. Also, US Customs may view having an LCB on staff as a sign of the importer’s commitment to exercising “reasonable care.” On the other hand, LCBs usually require a significantly higher salary, which may not be justified if there are other non-licensed experienced staffers who have a similar command of the regulations.
An import compliance department may augment its staff by “borrowing” from other departments. For example, one respondent described her company’s situation:
…[O]ur shipping department contributes to our “Trade Compliance” program without being in our [international trade compliance] department…. Shipping interfaces with the shipping company and our homeland warehousing, while my department does the work with our Customs Broker, US Customs and our factory and manufacturing vendors for our scheduling, pricing/costs, problems, classifications, regulatory reporting ad the C-TPAT program…. I also draw from the Accounting Department for 1 or 2 people when needed for tasks that impact financial aspects…. These “borrowed” staffers are trained by us and frankly enjoy the change of scenery from their usual jobs. All these instances of “sharing” personnel from different department help control our costs and department size.
And, of course, an import department may augment its staff by outsourcing certain functions to outside attorney, accountants, consultants and the like.
The Global Trade Compliance Professionals LinkedIn group page is available here (membership required). | https://blog.customsnow.com/2012/02/staffing-an-import-compliance-department/ |
Q:
Project really has no decent constraints yet, why is it giving me this constraint warning every time?
Every time I run my project, I get this warning in the console:
Unable to simultaneously satisfy constraints. Probably at least one
of the constraints in the following list is one you don't want. Try
this: (1) look at each constraint and try to figure out which you
don't expect; (2) find the code that added the unwanted constraint or
constraints and fix it. (Note: If you're seeing
NSAutoresizingMaskLayoutConstraints that you don't understand, refer
to the documentation for the UIView property
translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints) (
"<_UIScrollViewAutomaticContentSizeConstraint:0x8cc6830 UITableView:0xb3f5c00.contentHeight{id: 112} == -7.000000>" )
Will attempt to recover by breaking constraint
<_UIScrollViewAutomaticContentSizeConstraint:0x8cc6830
UITableView:0xb3f5c00.contentHeight{id: 112} == -7.000000>
Break on objc_exception_throw to catch this in the debugger. The
methods in the UIConstraintBasedLayoutDebugging category on UIView
listed in may also be helpful.
It's from a UITableView, and I'm definitely not touching the UIScrollView directly. It only has a label in each cell with these constraints:
I Googled and Googled but couldn't find anything. Does anyone know why it's complaining about UIScrollView?
A:
if you want to remove the warnings, the quickest way to do it is in the storyboard.
select the view controller that causes the warnings to be displayed and select: clear all constrains in yourViewControllersName.
another option will be to select: reset to suggested constrains in yourViewControllersName.
these action will either clear all constraints, or add what ever Xcode thinks are the most suitable constraints to the view controller.
resting to suggested constraints will sometimes (or is it always?) add constraints that will not fit your needs..
| |
An inquest concluded neglect contributed to the death of a vulnerable Romford man who was found unconscious in his room at Goodmayes Hospital.
Neil Challinor-Mooney, 51, died on November 18, 2018 after he had been detained at the hospital since November 1, following a significant deterioration of his mental health.
Born in Wales, Neil had schizophrenia and a number of physical ailments and his care was managed by the community health team of North East London NHS Foundation Trust (NELFT).
After being admitted to Turner Ward at Goodmayes Hospital under the Mental Health Act, the court heard evidence of numerous issues with Neil's care.
After five days of evidence, the inquest jury concluded Neil's death was caused by suicide contributed to by neglect.
They also found that failures in communication, record keeping and inadequate preventative measures to keep Neil safe after disclosing his suicidal thoughts and method contributed to his death.
The court was told there was a poor recording of Neil's physical health issues with records describing him as having "no issues" despite three falls on the ward requiring his attendance at A&E.
Neil was allocated a named nurse on admission who went on planned annual leave the same day, and did not return until after Neil's death.
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There were clinical entries in Neil's records that were incorrect, the court was told, resulting in wrong information being used to inform his care and treatment.
It heard that, in one instance, the senior mental health nurse made an identical entry in Neil's electronic records as another nurse had made four days previously stating Neil was "improving" despite being an increasing risk to himself.
The same nurse amended Neil's records shortly after his death, claiming he was just fixing up spelling errors, and at the time an internal investigation was being compiled.
Nadia Persaud, senior coroner for the eastern district of London, confirmed she would be writing to the Nursing and Midwifery Council - the regulatory and disciplinary body for nursing in the UK - on the basis of this evidence.
Neil's sister Marie Mooney-Evans said: "Neil was a family man above all else, and our family is devastated to have lost him in these circumstances.
“As a family, we remain deeply concerned that staff on Turner Ward failed to document and hand over crucial information relevant to Neil’s risk to himself, and to communicate and share that information either with each other or with us, Neil’s family.
"The jury’s conclusion of neglect reflects what we have always known."
In the months leading up to his death, the inquest heard that there were frequent, poorly planned and communicated changes to Neil's care coordination.
The court heard Neil's long-term care coordinator left the trust in April 2018.
Neil had a further three different coordinators between then and October 2018.
There were no formal handovers between any of these three care coordinators, the hearing was told.
At the inquest, NELFT accepted that this failure to communicate with Neil would have caused him significant distress.
The court heard it also led to inadequate supervision of his mental health medication in the community, contributing to his subsequent mental health deterioration and the need for Neil to be admitted to hospital.
In the days leading up to his death, while at Goodmayes Hospital, Neil expressed suicide method thoughts to his psychiatrist but these were not included in the clinical notes and his risk was kept as moderate.
The coroner confirmed she will be sending a prevention of future deaths report to NELFT, highlighting her concerns.
Tara Mulcair, of Birnberg Peirce solicitors, who represented the family, called the jury's findings "damning".
She felt the ruling confirmed that Neil was failed by NELFT and his death was preventable.
She said: "Ultimately, Neil paid for these failings with his life and my clients will bear the loss of Neil’s life for the rest of theirs.”
NELFT have been contacted for comment.
Call Samaritans for support on 116 123 or visit samaritans.org. | https://www.romfordrecorder.co.uk/news/neglect-contributed-to-death-at-goodmayes-hospital-7969886 |
Bright sparks reveal invisible tree rings
Calcium markers could aid climate studies in the tropics.
As every child knows, you can tell how old a tree is simply by counting its rings, which reflect the changing seasons. Now researchers have worked out a simple way to do the same for trees from the tropics, where there are no summers and winters to mark the passage of time.
If the method proves accurate, climate researchers and rainforest ecologists alike could benefit from the approach.
Characteristics such as the width of tree rings in temperate zones are currently used to provide a detailed record of climate conditions for the past 1,000 years or so.
But in the tropics, only a very few types of tree, such as teak, have visible rings: for most trees the difference between wet and dry seasons is too subtle to make a distinct mark. Instead, researchers have had to rely on time-consuming measurements of oxygen and carbon isotopes to age parts of these trees.
Other options for climate records in the tropics include corals and lake sediments. But the record in corals goes back only a few hundred years, and sediments don't provide a year-by-year picture. Large tropical trees, in contrast, hold the potential to give annual records for the past millennium.
Invisible data
Fortunately, Pascale Poussart, a geochemist at Princeton University in New Jersey, and her colleagues, have shown that an apparently ringless Miliusa velutina tree from Thailand does have rings... they're just invisible.
The team used X-ray beams at the Brookhaven National Synchrotron Light Source to look at calcium, a mineral that trees take up during their main growing season, in wood samples. The result: annual peaks going back to 1909, they report in Geophysical Research Letters1.
The results matched up nicely with carbon isotope measurements, the researchers say. But the calcium method is much quicker. "It took us just one afternoon in the synchrotron to produce the record," says Poussart. "The isotope record cost four months of lab time."
"Identifying the incidence of dry seasons from calcium content is a most welcome development," says Paul Colinvaux, a senior research scientist at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, and an expert in tropical climate records. "Calcium content clearly offers the chance of obtaining records from many more species than the miserable few with visible rings," he says.
Where next?
The team doesn't yet know whether seasonal calcium cycles are common, or if the feature is specific to just a few types of trees. And it is unclear whether periods of drought, or the modest and patchy dry seasons that feature in some areas of the tropics, will make the signal undecipherable.
To find out, Poussart has set up a collaboration with scientists at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute's Center for Tropical Forest Science, who run long-term forest monitoring programmes in Africa, Asia and Latin America.
"We still don't know how good tropical trees are for climate studies," says Dan Schrag, a climatologist at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. "But if they are good it will be a major advance for the field."
At the moment, much about tropical systems is a mystery. Ecologists don't even know how fast tropical trees really grow, says Schrag. So anything that helps measure time will make an important contribution to the understanding of tropical forest dynamics, he says.
Visit our newsblog to read and post comments about this story.
References
- Poussart P. M., Myneni S.C.B., Lanzirotti A., et al. Geophys. Res. Lett., 3. L17711 (2006)
News
Need Assistance?
If you need help or have a question please use the links below to help resolve your problem. | https://www.bioedonline.org/news/nature-news-archive/bright-sparks-reveal-invisible-tree-rings/ |
Perhaps people wonder if someone else is behind the scenes masterminding Trumps’s thoughts and actions, maybe a secret political entity is in his ear… But in my opinion it’s Trump all by himself, all the time. So I came up with this recent satirical drawing depicting President Trump as a master puppeteer (Trumppeteer) fully manipulating his own puppet in his likeness -the puppet with a mobile phone for tweeting in one hand, and a big Republican stick in the other for pounding out his campaign rhetoric on the political stage. Trump’s personal theatre of sorts, and we‘re all required to attend whether we wish to or not.
This “Trumppet” illustration was created for the editorial art service, INX (inxart.com) -and is a digital hybrid, combining some hand drawn elements scanned into Photoshop in a hierarchy of layers, with other elements drawn all digitally in Photoshop and in Adobe Illustrator, too. Some of the textures seen in the illustration are hand painted gouache on paper also scanned into Photoshop. All these various elements are composed in Photoshop to create the final look of the illustration.
Some illustrators solely specialize in political satire and social commentary, which I do not. I am definitely not known for political satire… None the less, over the many years I’ve had quite a few assignments to create illustrations depicting politicians (and celebrities too). And since I have the ability to easily render likenesses, I always enjoy such assignments. Since staring my illustration career right after graduating from Parsons School of Design in 1979 I’ve created political themed illustrations for various publications depicting: Reagan, Bush Sr., Clinton, Bush Jr., Obama, and now of Trump… Early in my career the most notable client was The New York Times where I created numerous Op/Ed Page drawings, a couple times depicting then President, Ronald Reagan. (My illustration of Reagan seen below was not created for The NY Times, but was created for another publication the name of which I cannot recall.)
Here is a link to another recent satirical illustration I created, this one depicting Trump’s recent trip to Tokyo to attend a Sumo Tournament. | https://www.stevensalerno.com/blog-posts/2019/6/19/donald-trump-the-master-trumppeteer-pulling-all-the-strings |
The Southside Artists Association is a group of individual artists who seek fellowship with other artists to pursue the goal of the organization- to promote the creation and appreciation of art, to encourage local artistic talent and to support civic endeavors that will enhance the beauty and cultural development of the area.
Schedule
Our group meets monthly on the first Tuesday of every month at 12:00 PM, in the Conference Room at Towne Bank, Great Bridge. We have a business meeting as well as lectures or demos by area artists, a light lunch and fellowship. Our members reside in Virginia Beach, Norfolk, Chesapeake, Portsmouth, and NE North Carolina. We have at least four Art Shows each year - Refer to our schedule page for upcoming dates, times, and venues.
Our membership is a mix of experience, ranging from beginners to accomplished artists.
We invite you to join us!
Welcome!
the full meeting schedule can be found here
Towne Bank, Great Bridge
our show schedule can be found here
Almost all of the artwork featured on this website is for sale. Please contact the artist for more information. | https://www.southsideartistsassociation.com/ |
Report to: - Head of Academy Sports Science and Medicine Mansfield Town Football Club are seeking to employ a Schoolboy Academy Physiotherapist as part of their Category 3 status for the forthcoming 2020/21 season. Three evening injury clinics and training sessions a week (typically Monday, Wednesday and Friday) will be required to be covered as well as the Sunday morning home games programme. The successful candidate will oversee the care of the U9-16s schoolboy medical programme. Essential: - BSc (Hons) Physiotherapy CSP Registration HCPC Registration Full UK Driving Licence FA ITMiFF Qualification Computer literacy skills Flexibility to change in training evenings/clinic times Willingness to attend Child Protection Workshop and undertake an enhanced DBS check Excellent communication skills Desirable: - Working towards post graduate qualification (Physiotherapy, Sports Medicine etc) Knowledge of Elite Player Performance Plan Knowledge of Strength and Conditioning Experience of working with young athletes/footballers Roles and Responsibilities: - Oversee the evening schoolboy clinics, training and Sunday morning games programme. Provide pitch side cover for home games Ensure appropriate first aid/primary care provisions are provided and maintained at the training ground for the schoolboy programme. Look after the team of first aiders who will provide pitch side assistance for games home and away. Keep up to date with latest evidence-based research to provide safe and effective treatments to the Academy players. Record all injuries and maintain accurate and up to date notes on an online performance management system. Undertake musculoskeletal screenings to identify physical aspects to be improved and implement an individualise prehabilitation programme for the schoolboys. Undertake an injury audit alongside the Head of Academy Sports Science and Medicine to identify trends therefore identifying ways of reducing the risk of injury. To produce a weekly injury report to be made available to Academy Manager and Head of Academy Sports Science and Medicine. Liaise with coaching staff regarding players every 6 and 12 weeks to ensure players have a performance clock for this period. Support the long-term development of Mansfield Town’s academy by ensuring the club meets the requirements of the EPPP audit process alongside the Head of Academy Sports Science and Medicine. Maintain a regular up to date CPD portfolio with an opportunity to engage with the club’s CPD programme. Communicate as appropriate to parents of the schoolboys, medical team and coaching staff where appropriate including return to training times. Maintain confidentiality at all times. Maintain professional conduct at all times including on social media. Be willing to work across different sites if required by the football club. Be self-motivated, organised and flexible to the demands of the role. | https://www.sportsjobfinder.com/categories/physiotherapist/ |
I remember this phase like it was yesterday. It was one of the most challenging moments I faced after becoming a new parent. The four-month sleep regression is not a phase, it is permanent. I don’t like to call it a “regression”. I like to see it as more of a “progression”! For the first 3 months of your baby’s life, they spent more time asleep than awake, However, after four months, our babies move from the newborn phases of sleep into more adult-like sleep stages. Your baby’s brain becomes more active and they will experience more time in a lighter, non-REM sleep stage which causes them to wake up more frequently, generally after 45 minutes. This is the “Four Month” Sleep Regression.
If you have previously fed, held, patted or bounced your baby to sleep this is when you may find it is no longer working as well as it was. Simply because your baby is more aware of their surroundings and therefore will wake up more frequently to check his environment. If anything is different ie: you are no longer feeding, patting, bouncing he will let you know about it.
What happens? You have placed your “sleeping” baby in their cot, chances are they will only sleep between 20-45mins and will then wake up quite alarmed. In order for them to go back to sleep, they require the same process as what you did previously (feeding, rocking, bouncing). Sound familiar? It’s kind of like us falling asleep in the lounge and waking up outside.
What You May Experience:
- Your baby won’t sleep – full stop.
- You spend more time trying to get them to sleep – then they actually sleep
- They suddenly require assistance in going to sleep and staying asleep
- Increased crying, irritability & fussiness during the day
- Not feeding well throughout the day due to being easily distracted – Which then creates multiple night waking, because he’s genuinely hungry.
- Naps have become shorted (normally around 45mins)
How long does it last?? Regressions generally last anywhere from a few days to a few weeks. However, the four-month regression is different. If you haven’t taught your baby to sleep on their own without you feeding or rocking them to sleep, then this is a good time to start. This is where you can establish positive sleep associations to replace the current sleep prop – YOU!
Tips For Dealing With This “Progression”:
- Stick to an age-appropriate routine. Children thrive on routine and consistency, it makes them feel secure knowing what comes next. Ensure you pay close attention to your baby’s sleep cues & wake window to avoid overtiredness.
- Incorporate some wind-down time before naps and bedtime to give your child the best chance of relaxing before sleep. Take your baby to a quiet room where you can read a book, sing a song, or offer a cuddle before going to sleep.
- Incorporate a bedtime routine, keep it simple and no longer than 30-45minutes. A warm bath, a massage, a full feed and place in the cot awake.
- Keeping your baby swaddled during this time can really benefit. It will help keep them calm & feel more secure during this time of change.
- This is a great time to introduce a comforter. In my experience, babies with comforters are happier, settle better and more generally more content when sleeping independently.
- Be flexible, if that means naps are in the pram, car or carrier more often than normal, don’t stress and don’t beat yourself up. Having your child sleep in the car or on the go is going to be better than having to deal with an overtired baby.
- Optimize the sleeping environment. Ensure the room is dark and you have white noise on (keep the white noise on for the whole duration of the nap and throughout the night) An ideal room temperature is between 19-22 degrees.
- Ensure your baby is FULL – Maintain adequate feeds during the day. Don’t be afraid to offer more feeds more often. The 4-month regression often coincides with a growth spurt that will make your baby hungry.
- Start to place your baby down, drowsy but awake. You can help your baby soothe by offering either physical or verbal reassurance. This takes time so consistency is key.
- Lastly, Remain calm, and patient to your baby’s needs. Babies feed off our energy … If you’re calm, they’re calm. No matter how bad you think things are, keep in mind everything is fixable!
While you’re here, check out our baby sleep expert Chantal Murphy’s guide to why your baby cries. | https://amodrn.com/the-four-month-sleep-regression/ |
40% of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) sufferers experience insomnia, impacting health and quality of life for patients and family members, especially carers. There is little evidence that current treatments are effective.
Objectives
To determine the effectiveness of melatonin in reducing insomnia in 44 individuals with PD using N-of-1 trials. To aggregate group data to arrive at population estimates of effectiveness (measured by improvements in PDSS-2) and safety (measured by adverse events) of melatonin in improving insomnia in PD. To assess the feasibility of offering N-of-1 trials for insomnia in PD.
Methodology
Participants will receive either immediate-release melatonin or placebo in random order in 3 paired two-week treatment periods (12 weeks total). Based on their response in a two-week run-in period on 3 mg daily, they will trial either 3 mg or 6 mg. Patients will keep daily sleep diaries and wear a MotionWatch throughout. After the trial patients will discuss their individual report with their doctor, which provides direct feedback about effectiveness and safety of melatonin for them.
Statistical methods
We will analyse N-of-1 tests 1) individually: effects of melatonin on PDSS-2 and safety will be reported; and 2) aggregated across individual N-of-1 studies, combined using a Bayesian multilevel random effects model, which will account for repeated measures on individuals over time, and will return posterior estimates of overall treatment effect, and effect in each individual.
Clinical Trial Registration number
ACTRN12617001103358. | https://www.camntech.com/publications/a-protocol-using-n-of-1-tests-to-identify-responders-to-melatonin-for-sleep-disturbance-in-parkinsons-disease/ |
From January 21-23 pipeline safety advocates from across the nation will gather in Bellingham Washington for a summit to discuss what actions are still needed to enhance pipeline safety, and to formulate an agenda for moving those actions forward. The summit, Beyond Talk – Making Pipeline Safety Happen, is being hosted by the Pipeline Safety Trust, and will include representatives from nine states and two countries.
The Pipeline Safety Trust’s executive director Carl Weimer explained, “As the Pipeline Safety Trust moves into its second year of operation we thought it was important to gather with other citizens who have been affected by pipelines to ensure that our initiatives, partnerships, and focus aligns well with what other independent pipeline safety advocates believe needs to be done.”
The group gathering will include diverse backgrounds and pipeline interests, who will help provide an energetic and well-rounded discussion to all pipeline safety issues. Weimer explains “To name just a few, there will be a County Commissioner from Florida who used to be a presidential speech writer, a resident from Missouri who has four large pipelines in her backyard, a mother who lost her son to a pipeline explosion, two engineers, four attorneys, four members of federal pipeline safety standard committees, and a rancher who has been battling for pipeline safety in the courts for years.”
Major issues to be covered at the summit include:
- Land use issues around pipelines such as zoning, setbacks, right-of-way maintenance, property owner notification, etc.
- What pipeline information a community should have access to
- What regulations, legislation, and rules need to be changed to improve pipeline safety
- How to include more people in discussions of pipeline safety issues
Participants of the summit will be available for interviews in the afternoon of the 23rd, and a written statement from the group may be available the following week upon request.
—–
The Pipeline Safety Trust promotes fuel transportation safety through education and advocacy, by increasing access to information, and by building partnerships with residents, safety advocates, government, and industry, that result in safer communities and a healthier environment. The Pipeline Safety Trust came into being based on the efforts and recommendations of Bellingham citizens and the families of Liam Wood and Stephen Tsiorvas who were killed in the 1999 Olympic Pipeline explosion. | https://pstrust.org/trust-initiatives-programs/press-releases/press-release-january-19-2005/ |
Gateway Investment Advisers LLC decreased its holdings in SVB Financial Group (NASDAQ:SIVB) by 96.6% in the 1st quarter, according to the company in its most recent Form 13F filing with the Securities & Exchange Commission. The institutional investor owned 1,552 shares of the bank’s stock after selling 43,440 shares during the period. Gateway Investment Advisers LLC’s holdings in SVB Financial Group were worth $234,000 as of its most recent filing with the Securities & Exchange Commission.
Other large investors have also bought and sold shares of the company. Andra AP fonden grew its stake in shares of SVB Financial Group by 15.6% in the fourth quarter. Andra AP fonden now owns 17,800 shares of the bank’s stock worth $4,469,000 after acquiring an additional 2,400 shares in the last quarter. Stifel Financial Corp grew its stake in shares of SVB Financial Group by 3.6% during the third quarter. Stifel Financial Corp now owns 36,385 shares of the bank’s stock worth $7,597,000 after purchasing an additional 1,265 shares in the last quarter. Bridges Investment Management Inc. grew its stake in shares of SVB Financial Group by 30.1% during the fourth quarter. Bridges Investment Management Inc. now owns 72,448 shares of the bank’s stock worth $18,187,000 after purchasing an additional 16,779 shares in the last quarter. Virtu Financial LLC acquired a new position in shares of SVB Financial Group during the third quarter worth $270,000. Finally, Handelsinvest Investeringsforvaltning grew its stake in shares of SVB Financial Group by 90.9% during the fourth quarter. Handelsinvest Investeringsforvaltning now owns 13,291 shares of the bank’s stock worth $3,336,000 after purchasing an additional 6,328 shares in the last quarter. Institutional investors and hedge funds own 92.29% of the company’s stock.
Get SVB Financial Group alerts:
A number of brokerages recently commented on SIVB. Maxim Group reiterated a “buy” rating and set a $250.00 target price (down previously from $300.00) on shares of SVB Financial Group in a research note on Friday, March 13th. They noted that the move was a valuation call. ValuEngine upgraded shares of SVB Financial Group from a “sell” rating to a “hold” rating in a research note on Thursday, March 12th. SunTrust Banks decreased their price objective on shares of SVB Financial Group from $200.00 to $165.00 and set a “buy” rating for the company in a research note on Monday, April 6th. Morgan Stanley decreased their price objective on shares of SVB Financial Group from $226.00 to $215.00 and set an “overweight” rating for the company in a research note on Tuesday, March 17th. Finally, Bank of America upped their price objective on shares of SVB Financial Group from $280.00 to $300.00 and gave the company a “buy” rating in a research note on Thursday, January 9th. Two investment analysts have rated the stock with a sell rating, seven have issued a hold rating and eleven have assigned a buy rating to the company’s stock. The company presently has an average rating of “Hold” and an average price target of $235.25.
In related news, CMO Michelle Draper sold 213 shares of the stock in a transaction dated Thursday, April 9th. The shares were sold at an average price of $175.00, for a total transaction of $37,275.00. Following the completion of the transaction, the chief marketing officer now directly owns 4,495 shares of the company’s stock, valued at $786,625. The transaction was disclosed in a filing with the Securities & Exchange Commission, which is available at the SEC website. Also, CEO Gregory W. Becker sold 1,000 shares of the stock in a transaction dated Friday, January 24th. The stock was sold at an average price of $270.04, for a total transaction of $270,040.00. The disclosure for this sale can be found here. Insiders have sold 7,413 shares of company stock valued at $1,933,425 over the last three months. 0.78% of the stock is currently owned by corporate insiders.
Shares of NASDAQ:SIVB opened at $173.69 on Friday. The company has a 50-day simple moving average of $166.27 and a 200-day simple moving average of $219.91. SVB Financial Group has a one year low of $127.39 and a one year high of $270.95. The company has a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.06, a quick ratio of 0.67 and a current ratio of 0.67. The stock has a market capitalization of $8.95 billion, a price-to-earnings ratio of 7.99, a PEG ratio of 1.56 and a beta of 2.22.
SVB Financial Group (NASDAQ:SIVB) last announced its earnings results on Thursday, January 23rd. The bank reported $5.06 EPS for the quarter, beating analysts’ consensus estimates of $4.59 by $0.47. SVB Financial Group had a net margin of 32.20% and a return on equity of 19.33%. The business had revenue of $847.01 million during the quarter, compared to analysts’ expectations of $786.84 million. During the same period in the prior year, the company earned $4.96 earnings per share. As a group, research analysts forecast that SVB Financial Group will post 12.94 EPS for the current fiscal year. | |
The MHRA will be responsible for reviewing applications from companies for orphan designation at the time of a marketing authorisation application (MAA).
Leaving the EU with a deal remains the Government’s top priority. This has not changed. However, a responsible government must plan for every eventuality, including a no deal scenario.
This guidance will apply from exit day in line with the Human Medicines Regulations (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019.
This guidance follows on from the further guidance note published on 3 January 2019.
There are estimated to be between 5,000 and 8,000 distinct rare diseases.
However, developing medicines intended for small numbers of patients has little commercial incentive under normal market conditions.
Therefore, the UK will offer incentives in the form of market exclusivity and full or partial refunds for marketing authorisation fees to encourage the development of medicines in rare diseases. Waiver from scientific advice fees will also be available for UK based SMEs.
See the UK Rare diseases strategy for other supportive activities.
Application process
The MHRA will be responsible for reviewing applications from companies for orphan designation at the time of a marketing authorisation application (MAA). There is no pre-marketing authorisation orphan designation. To qualify for orphan designation in an orphan condition, a medicine must meet the following criteria:
-
it must be intended for the treatment, prevention or diagnosis of a disease that is life-threatening or chronically debilitating
-
the prevalence of the condition in the UK must not be more than 5 in 10,000, or it must be unlikely that marketing of the medicine would generate sufficient returns to justify the investment needed for its development
-
no satisfactory method of diagnosis, prevention or treatment of the condition concerned exists in the UK, or, if such a method exists, the medicine must be of significant benefit to those affected by the condition
- Satisfactory methods may include authorised medicinal products, medical devices or other methods of diagnosis, prevention or treatment which are used in the UK.
How to apply
Marketing Authorisation Applicants should submit thewith their MAA in module 1.2 of the eCTD, specifically indicating in the cover letter their intention to seek an orphan designation.
Applications for orphan designation will be examined by the MHRA’s advisory committee, the Commission on Human Medicines (CHM) and a decision on fulfilment of the orphan criteria runs in parallel with the assessment of the marketing authorisation procedure.
Following the validation of the MAA, a decision on orphan status will be made at the time of the decision on approval of the marketing authorisation (See guidance on new assessment procedures). Any questions concerning the fulfilment of the orphan designation criteria will be raised with the company during the evaluation of the MAA.
If the MHRA concludes that the criteria for orphan designation are not met, there will be an opportunity to appeal the decision to the CHM before the Marketing Authorisation (MA) is granted. The applicant should inform the MHRA of the intention to appeal as soon as possible.
Market exclusivity period
On grant of a marketing authorisation with orphan status, the medicinal product will benefit from up to 10 years of market exclusivity from similar products in the approved orphan indication.
The start of this market exclusivity period will be set from the date of first approval of the product in the UK or EU/EEA.
Market exclusivity periods for centrally authorised orphan medicine marketing authorisations that are converted to UK marketing authorisations will continue to apply.
Paediatric indications
Orphan medicines authorised in the UK with the results of studies from a paediatric investigation plan (PIP) included in the product information are eligible for an additional 2 years of market exclusivity.
Variation applications (section 4.1 of the SmPC)
Marketing authorisation holders with orphan status are required to submit thewith their variation MA application for new or extensions to orphan therapeutic indications. The orphan criteria will be assessed in parallel to the approval of the new indication.
A new period of market exclusivity is only given if the applied for therapeutic indication falls within a new orphan condition.
For non-orphan indications, a new marketing authorisation application is required.
Fees
There are no additional fees to apply for orphan designation. Information on fee waivers and refunds for orphan medicines is provided in the amended MHRA application fees .
SME status
Companies who have, or intend to seek, SME status should ensure that they have the relevant documentation in place if an SME fee refund is likely to be applied for.
Orphan register
All medicines that gain a UK orphan marketing authorisation will be listed on the UK Orphan Register (active and then withdrawn, suspended or expired).
Contacts
For specific queries on orphan medicines and orphan designation please contact [email protected]. | https://www.gov.uk/guidance/how-uk-orphan-medicinal-products-will-be-managed-in-a-no-deal-scenario |
Here’s a Few Tips to Get You Started With Your Business’ Keywords
So, you have decided to start a business but you are not sure which niche to choose. This can be a tricky decision because you may list down all your hobbies and passions but still get the feeling that you are not hitting the bull’s eye when it comes to deciding the business niche.
However, if you are under too much pressure to decide, it might cause paralysis too.
It is always better to decide logically on what the business niche should be rather than deciding according to what your hobbies are. This will help to come up with ideas that may or not be a success in the market but you will at least get a taste of either success or failure. So, even if your first business is not successful, you have room to improve and start afresh with new ideas.
If you are not able to decide on a business niche, here are a few steps that will help to find that out:
1. Identify your interests and passions
This is something that you should do first. Try to come up with at least 10 things that you have a passion for or interests you deeply.
Your mettle will be tested as an entrepreneur at several stages. As a newbie business owner, you need to identify the sector that you love in order to succeed.
You need not to find the right combination in the first instance but you need to love what you are doing. Most importantly, you have to passionate about the business. Those who don’t care what they are doing can go out of business rather quickly.
To determine your passions and interests:
• Find out what you like to do most during your free time. Or, what you look forward to doing when you don’t have any work in hand.
• What are the magazines that you have subscribed? What do you read from them?
• Do you have any membership in a club or in any organization?
2. Identify problems you can solve
Now that you have made a list of 10 interests and passions, you need to shortlist a few options. You have to find the problems that your target customer may be facing and try to come up with a solution to solve them. The tips to identify the problems in various niches are given below:
• Try to have a face to face conversation with the customers of the target market. You have to ask questions that help the customers understand what you are looking for.
• Use online forums like Quora to understand your customers better. These forums have discussions on the business niche that you may be related to. See what problems people are facing. Take note of the kind of solutions they want.
• Research on the keywords. Try Google AdWords and Google Trends to explore different keywords related to your business niche. This will help to discover keywords that customers use to find related products and services.
3. Research your competition
Competition is not always bad for business. It brings out the best in you. But you need to analyze what your competitors are doing. Create a list of all the competing sites to understand the difference between them and your business.
This helps to understand if you can make a difference among all the competitors. It also gives you an idea if the keywords you have chosen will help your website to get a good ranking. It shows if you have a chance to offer something unique. Here are a few tips to be successful in a niche that already has enough competition:
- Low-quality content – you can leave your competitors behind if they have low-quality content on their website.
- Lack of transparency – you can be completely transparent with your business activities in a niche where most business owners do a shady job.
- Lack of paid competition – you need to find a common keyword but has paid advertising and little competition to make a name in the market.
4. Determine the probability of your niche
By now you must have had an idea of the niche that you will be working on. Even if you have not narrowed down the choice to one area of interest, you must have found several ideas that look fruitful. This is the time to understand the money-making potential of the niche that you have decided. You can use ClickBank to start with the search.
Browse some of the products that fit your niche. If there are no products, there is something wrong with the niche you have chosen. It may also mean that some other competitor has already monetized that niche.
Your search result has to come up with a significant number of products. Take note of all the price and what your competitors are charging.
It is not necessary to manufacture a new product. The wisest decision will be to partner with the site owners or advertisers or product manufacturers in your niche to start generating a commission for the products they supply to you.
5. Test your idea
Lastly, you need to test the idea that you have for the business niche. Get a landing page developed that will inform about the pre-sale of the products. You can make the most of paid advertising after that.
You may get any pre-sale during the initial phase but that does not mean you are working in a viable niche. Your message to the customers has to be appropriate. Leverage the A/B split test to optimize the conversion and see if there are any hindrances that the customers are facing.
Final thoughts
As soon as you understand the viability of the niche, you need to get a full-fledged website developed by an experienced web developer. Get someone to write blogs about the products or services that you are offering and try to boost the revenue of your business by generating more traffic to the site.
However, always remember that this is a trial and error method for finding a niche. You should do a lot of homework on the niche before you start with the planning phase, else you will not be able to start with further developments. It is important that you become a good starter if you want to become a successful business owner in the years to come. | https://inwiki.org/top-5-tips-discover-business-niche-keywords/ |
Through its partner network, Copperchase is able to supply a complete ATC logging and replay system for audio (voice), radar, CCTV and any digital data source. This now includes the recently introduced Copperchase AIR Voice / Data / Video recorder / replay system which is now in use at Airports in the UK.
For ATC applications, Copperchase can supply PC based Recorders or dedicated, purpose built (hardware) Recorders all conforming to the standards and recommendations imposed by ICAO (Annex 10, Volume II, Chapter 3.5).
- Hardware based Recording System or PC based Recording System.
- Continuous Recording for multiple channels.
- High digitisation ensuring faithful reproduction with no degradation of quality.
- Radar and Audio with synchronisation. | https://www.airport-suppliers.com/product/voice-and-data-recorder/ |
Most of the pieces found bellow are available at various galleries within South Africa, many at my Art Studio in Woodstock. As will become apparent, I enjoy using a variety of recycled surfaces as my canvases. Taking inspiration from not only my surroundings but from the surfaces themselves I am able to create works that have a life of their own. The subject speaks to the canvas, and the canvas speaks back opening up a channel for multidirectional dialogue which extends beyond the artwork itself.
I encourage observers to look closely at the artworks in my collection, imaginatively allowing themselves to solve the puzzles which lie beneath. There are no correct answers, and beyond creating a dialogue within my art I hope to create a dialogue between my art and its observers. Taking creative liberties will allow my audience to explore the subjective meaning they project onto my work, and may well allow them to reverse the gaze and explore the origin of such projections within themselves.
Available at Stateoftheart
Available at Manz Art
Available at Stateoftheart
Available at Stateoftheart
Commission work.
Available as print
CUBA SERIES
NEW YORK COLLECTION
Poetry is as diverse and inspiring as art. During the Romantic period of human creativity and innovation it was Wordsworth who described poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility.” Following such a definition much the same is true of art, and certainly of the art I create.
My Goal is to experience life fully present, to absorb the smells, sights, sounds, feelings and atmosphere around me at all times. This is particularly true of my time spent traveling. As such, most of the art you find in this collection takes inspiration from my lived experiences whilst on the go, unable to document in real time the emotions and imaginative ramblings they evoke. Thus, it is in tranquility and upon reflection that such things, such feelings and emotions flood my brain and overflow onto the canvases before me, the result being art of a poetic nature.
PORTUGAL COLLECTION
Traveling for me is about collecting more than just memories and experience. On my travels I often venture in to small thrift stores and book shops, communicating with locals and interacting within their more ordinary public spaces. This allows me a small window into the nuances of their culturally determined lives, thus enhancing my ability to create art which accurately reflects their unique lived experiences. Not only does this allow me to forge bonds with local citizens which often stretch across time and space beyond my travel adventures, but I am too able to collect beautiful local books, maps and other artifacts which in turn become the canvases on which I represent these people. The collection documented bellow is an example of the fruits of my creative process, both canvas and subject brining unique elements of subjective interpretation to the table.
PRAGUE COLLECTION
Recycling existing materials is the foundation and inspiration for much of the work I do. Bellow is just a small example of the variety of outcomes that can be achieved by up-cycling the discarded and disregarded “waste” material of modern society. Upon close observation it becomes evident how the subject matter speaks to the canvas, and the canvas to its subject. I like to create a dialogue with my art, allowing the subject matter and canvas not only to communicate with and enrich one another, but also to communicate with the audience, enriching their subjective understanding of what they see before them. This particular collection took its inspiration from my travel adventures in Prague, both the canvases and subject matter being locally sourced and mindfully coupled to create thought provoking works of art.
TRANSMUTATION COLLECTION
I take the discarded materials of modern work and transmute their surfaces into artefacts with a powerful appeal to current artistic sensibilities. Scarred wood, rusted steel, battered metal and builder’s planks are all grist to my grinder, saw and paint brush. The story of each piece is transmutation, the outcome, I hope, is enchantment.
INTIMACY
Intimacy manifest itself in an endless variety of intra-personal and interpersonal relationships. Be it the unconditional love a mother has for her child, the companionship between man and his pet, classic romantic love, or the self-love we all hope to both attain and retain. For how can we love others if we know not yet how to love ourselves. Love thyself, and be loved.
Love yOUR mOTHER
The goal of much of my later work has been social, political and cultural commentary. The point of this is not to shame and vilify groups of people or the system at large, but rather to productively build society up by drawing attention to largely under-appreciated or misunderstood aspects of our modern world.
The environment has been a passionate focus of mine during the year 2020, and the piece bellow seeks to illustrate a fundamental aspect of climate change and global warming overlooked by most. This being that our relationship to the environment is a reflection of our relationship with ourselves and others. “love yOUR mOTHER” is the title of this artwork, and draws attention to the highly personal bond that humans in fact have with the natural environment. We are a product of the natural world, just as we are our own mothers whom brought us into this world, and we should thus love, protect and defend this earth as we would our own mothers. We cannot function without the life supporting systems of this planet, and to neglect the planet is to neglect ourselves and others. If you do not love your other you cannot hope to save the environment, for without altruism the motivation to create a better future is lost.
Love your mother
love our mother
love your other.
Color me Pretty
HOOKED
Taking a dramatic turn back to still life amidst an explosion of art created around the human subject can often be a challenge for me, but I believe that it is important to incorporate diversity into my artistic process if I wish to keep my artistic expression exciting and current. | http://liset4sight.com/2019/02/05/art-available-for-sale/ |
With national conversations about inequality and fairness in the air, I’ve been thinking about what economic justice might look like to regions. I find the late John Rawls to be the most insightful philosopher on the subject of justice, so I’ve been re-reading his great works.
First of all, Rawls argues a just society must meet a minimum standard for civil liberties--basically, those specified by the U.S. Bill of Rights. Next, access to what he calls primary goods--things we value like influence, security, income, respect--should be openly available to all. That is to say, people with equal motivation and innate talent should have just as likely a chance at attaining a position of power--like a CEO or President--regardless of the race, occupation, or level of education of their parents. In so far, as existing inequalities remain in the distribution of primary goods--because of differences in luck, motivation, and innate abilities, for example--those goods should be arranged to maximize the welfare of the worst off.
Looking across countries, it is fairly easy to gain at least a rough sense of where nations rank on Rawls’ characteristics of a just society. It’s more challenging to come up with similar measures within countries, but there are ways to evaluate Rawlsian criteria as they might apply to metros. While basic civil liberties have been formally equalized across the United States since the Civil Rights movement, and, in principle, all laws must conform to the U.S. Constitution, more subtle aspects of the democratic process are likely to vary across regions. For instance, consider what the World Bank calls “voice and accountability,” which they define as “the extent to which a country's citizens are able to participate in selecting their government.” This might include measures of voter turnout, corruption, volunteering, and the number of associations that provide public goods.
Another important measure of opportunity has to deal with access to high quality schools. According to data compiled by John Logan, blacks living in San Jose, for instance, attend much better performing public schools than blacks living in Philadelphia. As a result and for other reasons, equality of opportunity is likely to vary considerably across regions.
To evaluate different institutional and social arrangements, Rawls proposes comparing one scheme to another based on the welfare of the least off. One can do this at the metropolitan scale, using purchasing power as a proxy for welfare. For these purposes, I identified the bottom quintile of family income earners as the least advantaged.
To measure purchasing-power (as opposed to income, which is correlated with the region cost-of-living), I created a housing inflation index to adjust incomes to reflect their regional value. I focused on housing instead of all goods because housing accounts for the largest share of consumer spending, must be consumed where it is purchased, varies the most across metropolitan areas, and is the only significant good for which metropolitan price data and quality characteristics are freely available. I used individual responses from the 2010 Census data (from IPUMS) to predict housing costs, based on a number of observable characteristics: the number of bedrooms, whether the unit is owned or rented, proximity to public transit, whether the unit is single detached, attached, or multi-family, commute time, and the decade of construction. Dividing actual housing costs by expected housing costs--based on how the average American values these characteristics--yields a measure of housing inflation, which can then be used to adjust incomes accordingly.
By this method, San Jose has the highest housing costs. They are 75 percent higher than the same hypothetical unit in the average large metro and roughly 144 percent higher than a comparable unit in a low cost metro like Pittsburgh. Focusing only on the 100 largest metropolitan areas, San Francisco is next, followed by Bridgeport, Conn., Oxnard, Calif., Los Angeles, San Diego, Washington, D.C., Honolulu, New York City, and Boston. For just 14 of the largest 100 metros, real incomes are lower as a result of housing prices. Said otherwise, almost everywhere in the country is cheap compared to those 14 large cities and their suburbs.
As for the welfare of the worst off, the poorest 20th percentile of residents in Ogden UT have higher real incomes than their counterparts in any other large metropolitan area in the United States. Provo, Utah and Washington D.C. are next, followed by Madison and Harrisburg.
On the opposite end, Fresno, Miami, Los Angeles, and San Diego make up some of the metropolitan areas with the lowest incomes for the poorest quintile. Other than New York and New Orleans, these metros are disproportionately in California and Florida. All of these metros have high income inequality, with New York standing out as having the largest gap between the top and bottom quintile (see table here).
Of the metros with relatively high incomes for the bottom quintile, Washington D.C. is the only one with high income inequality--measured by the income ratio of the top quintile to the bottom quintile. In other words, there is a strong negative relationship between inequality and the incomes of the worst off.
Of course, this is just one measure of welfare, and it ignores income mobility, equality of opportunity, and the justice of state and local laws. It also might fail to capture what we mean by the least advantaged. Many of the residents in the poorest quintile--an admittedly broad category--in metros like Washington D.C. and Provo are highly educated compared to similarly situated residents in Fresno and Miami, or differ along other characteristics that are associated with advantage in the United States--like age, race, and immigration status. Still, all things being equal, if you were born to one of the poorest families in Ogden or Washington D.C., you’d be likely to have roughly twice the purchasing power than if Miami or Fresno had been your origin. | https://newrepublic.com/article/99569/attempt-measure-regional-economic-justice |
We believe diversity, equity, and inclusion are essential for advancing science.
The art of science lies in asking the right questions and seeking logical, evidence-based answers. The more backgrounds, perspectives, and experiences brought to bear, the higher the likelihood for robust solutions and breakthroughs.
02
We believe that understanding stories of intersectionality is powerful.
Without an intersectional lens, our efforts to tackle inequalities towards women are likely to just end up perpetuating other inequitable systems and practices.
03
We believe biases permeate everything we do.
It is important to recognize that we are never wholly outside of the social, cultural, political, and economic structures in which we were raised and our impressions formed.
04
We believe effective best practices exist.
Although women and marginalized genders face an uphill battle in equity and inclusion, there are many best practices that can improve the status quo.
05
We believe strong connections and networks are essential for career growth.
Scientists with more opportunities to participate in and create strong networks are better equipped to conduct research and shape rewarding careers. | https://1400degrees.org/beliefs/ |
TECHNICAL FIELD
BACKGROUND ART
DEFINITIONS
SUMMARY
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention relates to a mould system and a method for net moulding of a co-cured integrated structure comprising a skin provided with stringers and rib feet. The structure can e.g. be used in the fuselage of aircrafts or in boats.
fig. 1
When manufacturing integrated composite structures, such as skins reinforced by rib feet also called "shear ties" and stringers see , the rib feet can either be connected or not connected with a composite layer against the stringers.
If the rib foot is not connected with the stringer, it is desirable to have a gap between the rib foot and the stringer in order to minimize the stress concentration in that area. It is known today to manufacture aircraft skin structures with a gap between the rib feet and the stringer.
The structures can e.g. be made of carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer or carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP or CRP or often simply carbon fibre). CFRP or CRP is a very strong and light fibre-reinforced polymer which contains carbon fibres. The polymer is most often epoxy, but other polymers, such as phenolic and Bismaleimide are sometimes used.
pre
preg
In the known fabrication process prepregs are used to create the skin, the stringers and the rib feet. Prepreg is the shortened name used as a reference to composite fabrics that have been -imnated with thermosetting resin but not yet permanently cured. These usually take the form of thin sheets consisting of a combination of a matrix (or resin) and fibre reinforcement. The fibres can have one direction (unidirectional reinforcement) or several directions (fabric reinforcement). If the fibres are unidirectional the solid structure is obtained by placing a number of prepregs on top of each other, with varying fibre direction. The role of the matrix is to support the fibres and bond them together in the composite material. It also keeps the fibres in their position and chosen orientation. The prepregs are mostly stored in cooled areas since activation is most commonly done by heat.
A structure part is created in two steps, lay-up processing and autoclave processing. In the lay-up process the structure is formed. This is done by applying a number of prepregs, resulting in a stack of prepreg, on a mould. A vacuum bag is placed and sealed over the prepregs and the mould and all air under the bag is evacuated. In the autoclave process the mould covered with the stack of prepreg and the vacuum bag is put into and treated in an autoclave. An autoclave is a pressure vessel which provides the curing conditions for the composite where the application of vacuum, pressure, heat up rate and cure temperature is controlled. In the autoclave a vacuum is still maintained under the vacuum bag, and a heat and a high pressure is applied to the composite structure.
In the existing fabrication process of aircraft structures, the skin, the stringers and the rib feet are formed and cured separately. The cured stringers and rib feet are bonded to the skin and trimmed to get the desired form comprising the gap between the stringers and the rib feet.
The problem with the solution according to the prior art is that the trimming and bonding operation is time consuming. There is thus a need for a faster and more efficient way of manufacturing the reinforced structures with a gap between the stringers and the rib feet.
It shall be noted that through this application "longitudinal" refers to the direction being parallel to the stringers and "transversal" refers to the direction being parallel to the rib feet. The stringers are defined as the longitudinal reinforcements and the rib feet are defined as the transversal reinforcements of the structure.
The object of the present invention is to provide an inventive method for net moulding a structure for e.g. aircrafts, boats or other crafts comprising a skin provided with at least two stringers and at least one rib foot and a gap between the stringers and the at least one rib foot, where the previously mentioned problems are avoided. This object is achieved by mould system according to claim 1. The claim reveals a mould system for net moulding of a co-cured structure comprising a skin provided with at least two stringers and at least one rib foot and a gap between the stringers and the at least one rib foot.
The mould system comprises a substantially rectangular frame made of a low heat expanding material. The frame comprises a first longitudinal frame part, a second longitudinal frame part, a first transversal frame part and a second transversal frame part.
The mould also comprises at least one row unit wherein each row unit comprises a row of at least two substantially rectangular boxes made of a heat expanding material. Each box has a bottom, a first longitudinal side wall, a second longitudinal side wall, a first transversal side wall and a second transversal side wall. The at least two boxes in the row are positioned such that the first transversal side wall of a first box is facing the second transversal side wall of a second box.
The mould further comprises at least two connection plates connecting the at least two boxes in the row of boxes along the first longitudinal side walls and along the second longitudinal side walls by means of fastening means. Each connection plate is adapted to be positioned on the first longitudinal side walls or on the second longitudinal side walls of at least two adjacent boxes in the row, and each connection plate is adapted to be connected to each of the longitudinal side walls on which the connection plate is positioned. Each connection plate is also adapted to extend along at least a part of each of the first longitudinal side walls on which the connection plate is positioned.
A first longitudinal side of the at least one row unit is constituted by the first longitudinal side walls of the boxes in the row unit and by the connection plates being connected thereto and a second longitudinal side of the row unit is constituted by the second longitudinal side walls of the boxes in the row unit and of the connection plates being connected thereto. An external surface of the first longitudinal side walls of the boxes and of the second longitudinal side walls of the boxes and an external surface of the connection plates in the at least one row unit have a form such that the first longitudinal side and the second longitudinal side of the at least one row unit form flat surfaces.
The advantage with the mould system is that a whole structure can be formed and cured as one net moulded unit, which minimises the time for trimming of the structure, as will be described in the method.
Said object is further achieved by a mould system according to first and a second embodiment. This claim reveals a mould system wherein a flat surface of a longitudinal side of the at least one row unit may be obtained by at least one box in the row unit having a form such that an external surface of at least one of the corresponding longitudinal side walls of the box is flat.
The advantage with the mould system according to this embodiment is that the length of the connection plates is flexible and that one connection plate can connect two or more boxes to each other.
Said object is further achieved by a mould system according to a third embodiment. This claim reveals a mould system wherein a flat surface of a longitudinal side of the at least one row unit may be obtained by at least one box in the row unit having a form such that at least one of the corresponding longitudinal side walls of the box has a recess in at least one of its respective ends, wherein a depth of the recess is equal to a thickness of a connection plate.
The advantage with the mould system according to this embodiment is that the connection plates can have a specified length for connecting two boxes to each other regardless of the longitudinal length of the boxes.
Said object is further achieved by the mould system wherein the boxes are made of aluminium.
Said object is further achieved by the mould system wherein the frame is made of invar.
Said object is further achieved by the mould system wherein the boxes are provided with threaded holes for insertion of a tool for removal of the boxes.
Said object is further achieved by the mould system wherein the height of each connection plate is substantially equal to or higher than the height of the at least two boxes.
∘ providing at least two substantially rectangular boxes made of a heat expanding material, wherein each box has a bottom, a first longitudinal side wall, a second longitudinal side wall, a first transversal side wall and a second transversal side wall,
positioning at least two of said boxes covered with a first layer of prepregs next to each other, with a covered transversal side wall of a first box facing a covered transversal side wall of a second box, thereby obtaining a row of boxes,
connecting the at least two boxes in the row of boxes along the first longitudinal side walls and along the second longitudinal side walls by means of at least two connection plates and fastening means,
▪ wherein an external surface of the first longitudinal side walls and of the second longitudinal side walls of the boxes and an external surface of the connection plates in the at least one row unit have a form such that an external surface of the first longitudinal sides and an external surface of the second longitudinal sides of the at least one row unit form flat surfaces,
forming a first longitudinal side of the at least one row unit constituted by the first longitudinal side walls of the boxes in the row unit and of the connection plates being connected thereto, and forming a second longitudinal side of the row unit constituted by the second longitudinal side walls of the boxes in the row unit and of the connection plates being connected thereto,
forming a bottom of the at least one row unit constituted by the bottom of the boxes in the row unit,
∘ applying a first layer of prepregs onto an underside of the bottom and on an external side of at least one of the first transversal side wall and the second transversal side wall of each of the at least two rectangular boxes thereby obtaining at least two boxes having a bottom and at least one of the first transversal side wall and the second transversal side wall covered with a first layer of prepregs, ∘ forming at least one longitudinal row unit by, for each row unit
∘ applying a second layer of prepregs onto an external surface of the bottom and an external surface of the first longitudinal side and of the second longitudinal side of the at least one row unit, thereby obtaining at least one row unit having a bottom, the first longitudinal side and the second longitudinal side covered with a second layer of prepregs,
∘ forming of the skin by applying a third layer of prepregs onto a plate made of a low heat expanding material,
when more than one row unit, positioning a first row unit next to a second covered row unit with the first longitudinal side of the first row unit being positioned next to the second longitudinal side wall of the second row unit,
∘ positioning the at least one covered row unit on the skin,
∘ providing a substantially rectangular frame made of a low heat expanding material, wherein the frame comprises a first longitudinal frame part, a second longitudinal frame part, a first transversal frame part and a second transversal frame part,
∘ positioning the frame on the skin, such that it surrounds the at least one covered row unit and such that the first longitudinal frame part is positioned next to a first longitudinal side of at least one covered row unit and that the second longitudinal frame part is positioned next to a second longitudinal side of at least one covered row unit, thereby obtaining a moulding assembly comprising the plate, the frame, the at least one row unit, and the different layers of prepregs,
∘ loosening of the fastening means,
∘ covering the moulding assembly with a vacuum bag for conventional curing,
∘ positioning the moulding assembly and the vacuum bag in an autoclave and exerting a pressure and applying a heat,
∘ removing the frame, the connection plates and the boxes.
Said object is further achieved by a method for net moulding of a co-cured structure comprising a skin provided with at least two stringers and at least one rib foot and a gap between the stringers and the at least one rib foot. The method comprises the following steps:
∘ applying a fourth layer of prepregs onto an external surface of a bottom and on an inner side wall of the first longitudinal frame part and of the second longitudinal frame part.
Said object is further achieved by the method according wherein after the step of positioning the at least one covered row unit on the skin the method comprises the further step of:
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
Figure 9.
Figure 10.
Figure 11.
Figure 12.
Figure 13.
Figure 14.
Figure 15.
Figure 1
shows an integrated structure with a gap between the stringers and the rib feet, created in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 2
shows an enlarged view of the gap between the stringers and the rib feet.
Figure 3A
3B
and shows a side view of a number of boxes covered with a first layer of prepreg according to the invention.
Figure 4A and 4B
shows a view seen from above of a number of boxes covered with a first layer of prepreg according to the invention.
Figure 5
shows a view seen from above of a row unit according to a first embodiment of the invention.
Figure 6
figure 5
shows a cross section view of the row unit of seen from the cut A, according to the invention.
Figure 7
shows a view seen from above of a row unit covered with a second layer according to a first embodiment of the invention.
Figure 8
figure 7
shows a cross section view of the row unit of seen from the cut B, according to the invention.
Figure 9
shows the mould system according to a first embodiment of the invention seen from above.
Figure 10
figure 9
shows a cross section view of the mould system of seen from the cut C, according to the invention.
Figure 11
figure 9
shows a cross section view of the mould system of seen from the cut D, according to the invention.
Figure 12
shows a view seen from above of a row unit according to a second embodiment of the invention.
Figures 13A and 13B
show a view seen from above of a row unit according to a third embodiment of the invention.
Figure 14
shows a perspective view of the mould system with two row units.
Figure 15
shows a flowchart of the moulding method according to the present invention.
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the figures, wherein:
Figure 1
Figure 2
shows an integrated structure 1 which is manufactured by using the mould system and the method of the present invention. The structure can be used in e.g. aircrafts but it can be used also in other applications such as e.g. boats or crafts. The structure comprises a skin 26. The skin 26 is reinforced with longitudinal stringers 4 and transversal rib feet 2, which projects from the skin 26. The stringers 4 are substantially perpendicular to the rib feet 2. The rib feet 2 and the stringers 4 are spaced from each other by a gap 6. This gap 6 makes the structure more flexible and prevents the structure 1 from breaking when exposed to high forces. shows an enlarged view of the gap 6 between the rib feet 2 and the stringers 4.
Figures 3 - 11
Figures 3 and 4
figure 15
Figure 3A
figure 4A
Figure 3B
figure 4A
aim at describing the manufacturing method of the integrated structure 1 and the mould system that is used for the manufacturing method according to a first embodiment of the present invention. show the first step of creating the rib feet. This step is denoted by step 1 in . shows a side view of four boxes 8 and shows the four boxes 8 from above. show a side view of two boxes 8 and shows the two boxes 8 from above. The boxes 8 are hollow with the opening upwards. Each box 8 comprises a bottom 30 and four side walls, a first longitudinal side wall 46A, a second longitudinal side wall 46B, a first transversal side wall 44A and a second transversal side wall 44B. The boxes 8 are made of a heat expanding material, like e.g. aluminium or steel. A number of prepregs forming a first layer 10 is applied on the boxes. The first layer 10 is applied on the underside of the bottom 30 of the boxes 8 and on the external side of at least one of the transversal side walls 44A and 44B of the boxes 8, thereby forming boxes that have a prepreg covered bottom surface 30 and at least one prepreg covered transversal side wall 44A or 44B. In all figures a number of prepregs positioned one upon the other and forming a thick layer (stack of prepreg) is illustrated by a thick, black line. In all figures there is a small clearance between the boxes 8 and the layers. This clearance only serves for illustration purpose in order to make the figures clearer. There is no clearance in the actual embodiments of the invention.
figure 15
figures 3A, 3B, 4A and 4B
figures 3A and 4A
figures 3B and 4B
The second step of the manufacturing method is to create at least one row 18 of boxes. This step is denoted by step 2 in . A row 18 of boxes 8 is formed by positioning a number of covered boxes 8 next to each other, just as in , so that the covered transversal side wall 44A of a first box 8 and the covered transversal side wall 44B of a second box 8 are facing each other. The first layers 10 covering the first transversal side wall 44A of the first box and the second transversal side wall 44B of the second box 8 will later form one rib foot. The number of boxes 8 in one row 18 depends on the desired number of rib feet 2. Two boxes 8 are necessary in order to obtain one rib foot, three boxes 8 makes two rib feet and so on. (Compare with .) The row 18 of boxes 8 has two transversal sides 47A and 47B (constituted by the covered/non covered transversal side wall 44A of a first end box and the second covered/non covered transversal side wall 44B of a second end box of the row), a bottom 49 (constituted by the covered bottom 30 of the boxes in the row), and two longitudinal sides, a first longitudinal side 45A and a second longitudinal side 45B (constituted by the longitudinal side walls 46A and 46B of the boxes 8).
figures 5 and 6
figure 15
The third step is shown in . This step is denoted by step 3 in . The aim of this step is to connect the boxes to each other in order to obtain a rigid row unit 20. This is performed by positioning two long connection plates 16 in the form of straight rulers on each of the respective longitudinal sides 45A and 45B of the row and connects each connection plate 16 to each of the boxes 8 by means of fastening means 14. The fastening means14 can e.g. be screws or bolts. In addition to making a rigid row unit 20 the connection plates 16 create the gap 6 between the stringers 4 and the rib feet 2. Without the connection plates 16 the stringers 4 would abut against the rib feet 2. Therefore the connection plates 16 are very fundamental in the present invention. The row unit 20 has two transversal sides, a first transversal side 47A and a second transversal side 47B (the same sides as for the row of boxes), a bottom 49 (the same bottom as for the row of boxes), and two longitudinal sides, a first longitudinal side 48A and a second longitudinal side 48B. The first longitudinal side 48A of the row unit 20 is constituted by the first longitudinal side walls 46A of the boxes 8 and of the connection plate 16 connecting the boxes 8 along these longitudinal side walls 46A. The second longitudinal side 48B of the row unit 20 is constituted by the longitudinal side walls 46B of the boxes 8 and of the connection plate 16 connecting the boxes along these longitudinal side walls 46B.The connection plates 16 are made of a heat expanding material such as aluminium or steel. According to this embodiment the length of the connection plates 16 is substantially equal to the length of the row unit 20. The height of the connection plates 16 is substantially equal to the height of the boxes 8 and the thickness of the connection plates 16 is substantially equal to the width of the desired gap 6. The connection plates 16 in this embodiment are positioned on and cover each of the longitudinal sides 45A and 45B of the row 18 of boxes 8. They connect the boxes 8 to each other, and thereby create a rigid row unit 20. This has the advantage that several boxes 8 can be handled as one unit, which makes it easier to apply additional prepregs. Depending on the desired number of stringers 4 one or several rigid row units 20 can be created.
figure 15
Figures 7-8
In the fourth step of the manufacturing method a second layer 11 of prepregs is applied on the rigid row units 20. This step is denoted by step 4 in . For each row unit 20 the second layer 11 is applied on the bottom 49 of the row unit 20 (onto the first layer 10 covering the bottom surface 30 of the boxes 8) and on the first and the second longitudinal sides 48A and 48B of the rigid row unit 20. Since the connection plates 16 are positioned on the longitudinal sides 48A and 48B of the row unit 20, this means that the second layer 11 is applied on the bottom 49 of the row unit 20 and on each of the connection plates 16. The result of this step is that the bottom 49 of the row unit 20 and the first and second longitudinal sides 48A and 48B of the row unit 20 are covered by prepregs. illustrate how this step is performed.
figure 15
figures 10
11
The fifths step in the manufacturing procedure is to create the skin 26. This step is denoted by step 5 in . The skin 26 is created by placing a number of prepregs on the surface of a plate 40 made of a low heat expanding material. The plate 40 can have a plain surface but the surface can also be curved. The form of the plate 40 depends on the desired form of the skin 26. The prepregs forms a third layer 50 constituting the skin 26. This third layer is shown in and .
figure 15
figure 9
In the sixth step the rigid row units 20 covered with a second layer 11 are put onto the third layer 50 constituting the skin 26. This step is denoted by step 6 in . If there are several rigid row units 20, the rigid row units 20 are positioned on the third layer 50 such that the first longitudinal side 48A of a first row unit 20 is positioned next to the second longitudinal side 48B of a second row unit 20. This is illustrated in . The figure also illustrates how the gaps 6 are obtained by means of the connection plates 16.
Figure 9
figures 10
11
In addition to the mentioned boxes 8, the connection plates 16 and the fastening means 14, the mould system comprises a substantially rectangular frame 12 made of a low heat expanding material. shows the frame 12, the rigid row units 20 and the two first layers 10 and 11 seen from above. The frame 12 comprises two longitudinal frame parts, a first longitudinal frame part 54A and a second longitudinal frame part 54B, a first transversal frame part 56A and a second transversal frame part 56B, wherein each frame part 54A, 54B, 56A and 56B have a bottom 60 and at least one side wall 62 (see and ). The at least one side wall 62 has approximately the same height as the longitudinal side walls 46A and 46B of the boxes 8 but it can also be higher than the longitudinal side walls 46A and 46B of the boxes 8. The frame 12 can either be made as one unit or it can comprise of several parts that are connected to each other to make one unit.
figure 15
figure 15
In step 7 a fourth layer 52 of prepregs is applied on the underside of the bottom 60 and on the inner side of the side wall 62 of at least one of the first longitudinal frame part 54A and the second longitudinal frame part 54B. This step is denoted by step 7 in . The result of the step is that the underside of the bottom 60 and the inner side of the side wall 62 of at least one of the longitudinal frame parts 54A and 54B are covered by prepregs. The step can be omitted, which is shown in by the dotted lines. However, this leads to thinner end stringers 4.
figure 15
In step 8 the frame 12 is positioned on the third layer 50 forming the skin. This step is denoted by step 8 in . The frame 12 surrounds the row units 20 so that the prepreg covered longitudinal frame part 54A is positioned next to the prepreg covered longitudinal side 48A of a first end row unit 20 and the prepreg covered longitudinal frame part 54B is positioned next to the prepreg covered longitudinal side 48B of a second end row unit 20.
Figure 10
figure 11
figure 9
figure 10
shows a cross section view seen from a cut C and shows a cross section view seen from a cut D in . As seen from , the stringers 4 are formed by the second layer 11 covering a longitudinal side 48A of a first row unit 20 and by the second layer 11 covering a longitudinal side 48B of second row unit 20 being positioned next to the first row unit 20. Alternatively the stringers 4 are formed by the second layer 11 of one end row unit 20 and the fourth layer 52 on the inner side of the side wall 62 of a longitudinal frame part 54A or 54B. It is important that the external surfaces of the longitudinal sides 48A and 48B of the row units 20 is flat. If not, the stringers 4 will not be straight.
figure 15
Before covering the now prepared moulding assembly 64, i.e. the frame 12, the plate 40, the row units 20 and the layers 10, 11, 50, 52 of prepregs, with a vacuum bag and placing the moulding assembly in an autoclave for curing of the structure, the fastening means 14 are loosened. The reason for this is that the heat expanding boxes 8 shall be able to move and float freely within the rigid frame 12 during the hardening process. In this way the different layers 11 and 12 and 50 and 52 are forced towards the rigid frame 12 by the expansion of the heat expanding boxes 8 and the heat expanding connection plates 16, and remaining air between the prepregs can be pressed out, making the structure 1 solid and hard. These steps are denoted by steps 9-11 in .
figure 14
The last step is to remove the frame 12, the connection plates 16 and the boxes 8. The frame 12 can be removed easily but the connection plates 16 and the boxes 8 are more difficult to remove. Due to their expansion in the autoclave they are now pressed towards the carbon-fibre structure 1. In order to facilitate the removal, the boxes 8 can be provided with threaded holes 32 shown in for insertion of a tool for removal of the boxes 8.
According to the first embodiment the connection plates 16 are in the form of rulers and their length is substantially equal to the length of the row units 20.
figure 12
figure 12
figure 12
According to a second embodiment the connection plates 16 are designed as shorter rulers and a single connection plate 16 does not cover the entire longitudinal side 48A and 48B of a row unit 20. This has the advantage that the connection plates 16 are more flexible. Instead of positioning a connection plate 16 on each longitudinal side 45A and 45B of a row of boxes 8 as in the first embodiment and connect all boxes 8 in the row 18 of boxes 8 to the two connection plates 16, several connection plates 16 connect the boxes 8 in a row of boxes 8 along the respective longitudinal sides 45A and 45B. Each connection plate 16 is adapted to connect one of the respective longitudinal sides 45A, 45B of two or more boxes 8 in a row 18 of boxes 8, but not necessarily of all boxes 8 in the row 18. This embodiment is shown in . As can be seen in the figure six connection elements 16 are used for fixing four boxes 8 to each other in one row unit 20. Three connection elements 16 have the total length which is substantially equal to the length of the row unit 20. According to this embodiment the four boxes 8 in could also have been connected by e.g. four connection elements 16, where two connection elements 16 connect three adjacent boxes 8 to each other on each of the longitudinal side 45A and 45B of the row 18 of boxes 8, and two connection elements 16 connect said three boxes 8 to the fourth box 8 on each longitudinal side 45A and 45B of the row 18 of boxes 8. In there is a clearance between the connection plates 16. This clearance is only for illustration. In the invention the connection plates 16 abut against each other.
Just as in the first embodiment the row unit 20 has two transversal sides, a first transversal side 47A and a second transversal side 47B (the same sides as for the row of boxes), a bottom (the same bottom as for the row of boxes), and two longitudinal sides 48A and 48B. The longitudinal sides 48A and 48B of the row unit 20 are, just like in the first embodiment, constituted by the connection plates 16 and the longitudinal side walls 46A and 46B of the boxes 8.
figure 13B
figure 14
According to a further embodiment each connection plate 16 only connects two adjacent boxes 8 to each other. Each of the boxes 8 in a row unit 20 has a recess 58 in the ends of at least one of the first and second longitudinal side walls 46A and 46B. Each recess 58 is adapted to receive a part of a connection plate 16. The recesses can be seen in . A perspective view if the mould system according to this embodiment is shown in . As mentioned before it is important that the external surfaces of the longitudinal sides 48A and 48B of the row units 20 is flat. If not, the stringers 4 will not be straight. By making the depth of the recesses 58 equal to the thickness of the connection plates 16 the external surface of the connection plates 16 aligns with the external surface of the boxes 8 when the connection plates 16 are connected to the boxes 8.
figure 13A
The invention is not limited to the described embodiments. The embodiments can be combined and/or further developed without limiting the scope of the invention. The number of boxes 8 in a row unit can be varied according to the desired number of rib feet 2. The number of row units 20 can be varied according to the desired number of stringers. The three embodiments can be combined so that each row unit 20 can be provided with connection plates 16 according to one embodiment on one longitudinal side 48A and according to another embodiment on the other longitudinal side 48B. The embodiments can even be combined within one longitudinal side 48A or 48B as seen in .
The invention is not limited to the specific flowchart presented, but includes all variations within the scope of the present claims. The internal sequence of steps for arriving at the structure can of course be varied according to the situation.
Reference signs mentioned in the claims should not be seen as limiting the extent of the matter protected by the claims, and their sole function is to make claims easier to understand.
As will be realised, the invention is capable of modification in various obvious respects, all without departing from the scope of the appended claims. Accordingly, the drawings and the description thereto are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not restrictive. | |
Research Topic: Earth observation for health monitoring – Emission sources from satellite data for an improved forecast of the pollen flight in Bavaria
The aim of the PhD project is a valid and practicable pollen forecast for Bavaria, which is characterized by a high spatial resolution as well as by a prediction as early as possible. The emission sources shall be derived from current Sentinel-2 time series using EO data cubes and coupled with dispersion models developed for atmospheric composition and pollen prediction. The overeall goal of the project is to integrate latest Earth observation technologies with digital health mapping to improve the provision of allergy risk maps.
- time series analyses of Sentinel-2 satellite data and in-situ data on vegetation phenology in forest and grassland ecosystems.
- time series analyses and mapping workflows using analyses ready data (ARD) in an Earth Observation Data Cube framework.
- integrate research on in-situ field data on forest tree species and grassland land use and land cover data together with multi-scale UAV and satellite data for vegetation structure and land dynamics mapping.
- testing and integrating satellite-based land use and land cover data with existing spatially related numerical dispersion models developed for atmospheric composition.
- training and workshops for stakeholder and user trainings within the project team.
Your Profile
- You have sound experience in dealing with satellite data, in particular SAR data and optical satellite data.
- You have experience in working with GIS and Remote Sensing and have already used it in a project-related context.
- You have knowledge in programming languages like Python, R or Java Script and are motivated to develop yourself further here.
- You like to work in an multi-disciplinary project Earth Observation/remote sensing context including computer science, forestry, biology and geography.
- You have completed your M.Sc. in environmental science (preferably, geography, geoinformatics or computer science)
- You are interested to familiarize with the development of cloud-based software solutions
We offer you
- New exciting challenges of future-oriented topics in a creative team-oriented environment at the Remote Sensing Department of the University of Würzburg.
- You benefit from an extensive scientific network and the close connection to the German Aerospace Center (DLR).
- We offer a 50% position for three years and a close scientific mentoring to advance your academic career. You have the opportunity to write a doctoral thesis within the framework of this activity.
Severely disabled persons are given preferential employment if their aptitude, skills and professional performance are essentially the same. The recruitment is subject to the approval of the project by the funding agency.
Apply with your complete application documents by e-mail to:
[email protected]
Further Information: | http://remote-sensing.org/scientific-employee-with-opportunity-for-doctorate-50-m-f-d-2/ |
Ph.D.
2005. The syntax of German-English code-switching. London: University of London PhD dissertation.
Supervisor: Prof. Richard Hudson, Department of Linguistics, UCL, University of London
published as
2010. Emigranto: the syntax of a German/English mixed code. Vienna: Braumüller. ISBN 978-3-7003-1739-5
PG Diploma in Speech and Language Therapy, City University London, 2013
PGCE, University of Vienna, 1994
Mag. Phil. English and German Language and Linguistics, University of Vienna, 1993
Research interests
structural and sociolinguistics aspects of
- Multilingualism
- Language Acquistion
- Multilingualism in AVT
Research projects
- The processing load of code-mixing
- A German Word Grammar (for more information on WG see Dick Hudson's UCL web-site)
Teaching
- Syntax
- Psycholinguistics
- Language Acquisition
- Sociolinguistics
Network
Recent external collaboration on country level. Dive into details by clicking on the dots.
Research Output 2000 2019
First- and Second-Language Acquisition and Contact Induced Language ChangeDuran Eppler, E., 2019, (Accepted/In press) Oxford Handbook of Language Contact . Grant, A. (ed.). Oxford University Press
Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter
Swearword strength in subtitled and dubbed films: A reception studyDuran Eppler, E., 27 Aug 2019, In : Intercultural Pragmatics. 16, 4, p. 389–420 31 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Why make multilingual films and TV series? And how are they perceived? Preliminary resutls on filmmakers' intentions and audiences' receptionDuran Eppler, E., de Higes Andino, I. & Kraemer, M., Dec 2019, Multilingualism and Audiovisual Translation. Corrius, M., Espasa, E. & Zabalbeascoa, P. (eds.). Peter Lang, p. 89 112 p. | https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/eva-eppler |
One of the most resilient icons of the pop culture, Bob Dylan is as creative as ever. As the Nobel Prize-winning artist enters his 80th birth year, which happens to be a year in which he cannot tour due to the COVID-19 pandemic, he is demonstrating an explosion of creativity that spans a staggering range of artistic media. Last December, London’s Halcyon Gallery unveiled Editions, a rare collection of Dylan’s visual artwork, which is currently available to view virtually as well. The exhibition includes pieces from Drawn Blank, a series of sketches that was first exhibited by Kunstsammlungen Chemnitz, Germany, in 2007; The Beaten Path, a series of watercolour and acrylic works on canvas; Mondo Scripto, a series of handwritten song lyrics paired with pencil drawings on paper, and a number of Dylan’s iron work sculptures.
Each series represents Dylan’s evolution as an artist—a movement within his own oeuvre. The Drawn Blank series was a reflection of Dylan's time on the road, a series of snapshot sketches he created while on tour in Europe, Asia and America between 1989 and 1992. “Dylan is a continual observer,” says gallery president and founder Paul Green, “And as he became more and more famous, it was more difficult for him, because he couldn't just walk into a bar or a restaurant, because he would disturb the environment”. Indeed, Dylan was reticent about sharing his work because of how his success as a musician and poet might impact audience perception. “It was quite interesting when we started exhibiting -he didn't want to sign the artwork, because he didn’t want the signature to disturb the viewing experience,” laughs Green. “We had to persuade him to sign his own artwork,” he adds.
Still, both the scope and focus of Dylan’s art has evolved with his confidence. While Drawn Blank is figurative work, the figures tend to “disappear”, Green suggests. “But now in this latest body of work, the figurative element has become central”. The paintings, which were likened to the work of David Hockney by art critic Jonathan Jones, depict a retrospective view of America—impressions of the country during 60s, 70s and 80s. “It is everything that you almost want America to be, that first time you go to New York, you go to the bars, you see the buildings, you see the people,” says Green, adding “and then the more rural environment of the gas stations, the pick-up trucks, the things that create America”. Mondo Scripto is an indication that Dylan has become more comfortable with seeing his artwork, music, lyrics, poetry, being presented together, and in 2020, he created Mondo Scripto, a series that pairs handwritten song lyrics with pencil drawings on paper. One of the drawings, titled The Times They are A-changin,’ is almost prophetic, in that it shows a figure that well be (Donald) Trump in the White House, looking out onto a riot.
Dylan’s work with iron is inspired in no small part by his experience growing up in a small iron ore town in Minnesota. “He said you could smell and taste it,” says Green, “so he almost went back to his roots, effectively; and using objects that had been discarded by Americans, that they used to create their lives”. Green reports that Dylan’s studio is lined with rows upon rows of horseshoes, ploughs and padlocks—all tokens of rural America. “It’s an amazing experience to see Dylan with a welding torch in an ironworks studio,” he adds. Later this year, Halcyon will be unveiling Dylan’s largest sculptural installation till date at Chateau La Coste in France.
While the exhibition could be looked at as a retrospective of his work, it is an indication that Dylan’s creative energy is still going strong. Green likens him to Picasso, who spent the last decade of his life reclusively confined to his Provencal manor, and experienced an unprecedented level of productivity during that time. “Because of lockdown, the same has happened to Dylan,” Green adds, “there is an outpouring that we have seen from his songs, his poetry, and very particularly his art, because he cannot tour. He has conceptualised a completely new way of communicating with us in relation to his painting, and his history, as he sees it, of America”.
by Soumya Mukerji Nov 28, 2022
An immersive retrospective of the graffiti god's 100 most powerful works travels through Europe, in a first such democratic showcase installed at central public junctures.
by Rahul Kumar Nov 27, 2022
A monumental exhibit presenting Pablo Picasso’s works across paintings and sculptures include some of the most significant pieces by the iconic artist.
by Daria Kravchuk Nov 24, 2022
As Manifesta 14 comes to an end, STIR takes a closer look at the way this nomadic biennial started transforming the host city of Prishtina, Kosovo, and itself.
by Shraddha Nair Nov 23, 2022
The exhibition Sensoria was organised in collaboration with Sensorium: Centre for Digital Arts and Technology at York University, Toronto, and the Łaźnia Centre for Contemporary Art.
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Please enter your details and click submit. | https://www.stirworld.com/see-features-london-s-halcyon-gallery-presents-artworks-depicting-the-world-as-seen-by-bob-dylan |
and Federal laws prohibit discrimination on the basis of specificed protected characteristics, both in Edwardsville and elswhere in the state. Depending on what type of trait prompted the discriminatory treatment, government employers and even private organizations in Edwardsville can be held liable under various state and federal laws.
How Does Employment Discrimination Occur?
If an employee is a member of a legally protected category and their employer treats them unfairly because of that, the employer will be held liable for employment discrimination. Race, gender, religion, familial status and national origin are examples of some traits that employers may not use when evaluating you. Plaintiffs in Edwardsville, Kansas are required to prove that their employer treated them unfairly due to their protected status in order to succeed on an employment discrimination claim.
How can Employment Discrimination be Proven in Kansas?
This is demonstrated upon finding a prior history of similar treatment of members of the same class, or upon testimony regarding the employer's statements that a reasonable person would hold to be biased. Furthermore, an employer who fires someone or otherwise retaliates because of a discrimination lawsuit is in clear violation of the law.
Procedures for pursuing an employment discrimination claim are complicated, because they involve filing the claim with the corresponding agency. Edwardsville, Kansas has many lawyers available to assist you in filing in a timely fashion, and they can also help you pursue any remedies that might be available to you while your case is being processed. | https://employment-law.legalmatch.com/KS/Edwardsville/employment-discrimination-law.html |
Whenever possible, the university recommends that events and meetings continue to be held virtually; it is highly recommended that in-person events also allow for virtual participation by attendees who choose not to or are unable to participate in person. Any in-person events must follow campus policy for schools/colleges/divisions, and student organizations.
Transcend Project Review
Event Details
Date
Wednesday, December 2, 2020
Time
5:30-7:30 p.m.
Location
Description
Project Review consists of a one-on-one 30-minute session where teams will be able to share their innovation/start-up idea with a mentor who has expertise in their field. Typically, each team will brief their mentor for about 5-10 minutes and then use the remaining time to discuss specific areas of their idea/project that they would like to get feedback on. This event will also be held virtually! | https://today.wisc.edu/events/view/154998 |
The United States and much of Latin America agree on at least one thing: Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro must go. Maduro won a second six-year term in office in May 2018, but the election was marked by low turnout and allegations of voter fraud. Now, an opposition leader has risen to challenge Maduro for control of Venezuela by appealing to the military. But Maduro and his allies will be reluctant to cede power, making it likely that the situation will devolve into a violent confrontation between the government and the opposition.
The challenges for Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro are growing by the day. On Jan. 23, U.S. President Donald Trump, seven Latin American states and Canada recognized Juan Guaido, the head of the opposition-controlled Venezuelan congress, as the country's legitimate president. Guaido declared himself the legitimate president earlier in the month, justifying his claim on the grounds that Maduro won his second term in a fraudulent election. Upping the stakes, Guaido has also offered an amnesty to any members of the military — whose loyalty is key to the government retaining power — who rebel against Maduro.
Guaido's recognition by the United States and outside powers will not, by itself, threaten Maduro's position, as the sitting president is only likely to leave as a result of heavier international sanctions and more intense opposition protests. Nevertheless, the recognition of Guaido as president raises pressure on the Venezuelan armed forces and the ruling United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV). By recognizing Guaido, the United States has implicitly acknowledged that it will take measures to penalize Venezuela's government if it does not permit him to become president. For one, the White House is mulling an oil import ban that would quickly affect Venezuela's finances and further hasten the decline in its oil production.
The looming sanctions and opposition pressure also raise the likelihood that military officers and other PSUV elites might eventually waver and press for Maduro's resignation or removal. The growing recognition of Guaido as president also makes it likelier that members of the international community will impose tougher sanctions on Venezuela if the embargo fails to dislodge Maduro or if his administration cracks down heavily on protesters. A government response that results in mass deaths could even trigger talk of a U.S. military intervention — although such an outcome is still unlikely.
The Venezuelan opposition is leading a renewed wave of protests with the intent of removing Maduro from power. Maduro came to power in 2013 after former President Hugo Chavez died. The United States is assisting the opposition in its attempts to remove Maduro from power by enacting heavier sanctions that are designed to sow divisions among Venezuela's armed forces and government. | https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/international-recognition-challenger-turns-heat-maduro-us-trump-guaido-chavez-caracas |
The fishery sector of Ghana is beset with problems, including widespread illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing.This report analyses the political economy of fisheries in Ghana, focusing on the power and interests of key actors in the sector and the constraints and opportunities faced by the government in addressing the existing challenges. There are three main challenges facing the sector. The first is limited administrative capacity, including limited knowledge of actual catches. The second is a lack of trust in authorities and lack of alternative livelihoods for fishing communities. The third and most important is that there are strong political interests that prevent the implementation of more sustainable fisheries management, including risks of electoral losses and resistance from political elites who profit from overfishing. | https://nupi.brage.unit.no/nupi-xmlui/handle/11250/2578322 |
Physical characteristics: The crested caracara is a medium-sized raptor with a bare red face and a black cap of feathers on top of its head. It has a white neck and throat with some dark streaks. The rest of its body is covered with dark feathers, except for some white steaks under its tail and in the tail feathers. Crested caracaras range in length from 19 to 23 inches (49 to 59 centimeters) from their beaks to end of their tails, with the females being the larger than the males.
Geographic range: Crested caracaras live in most of South America, Central America, and Mexico. They are also found in the southern United States.
Habitat: Crested caracaras prefer open areas where they can see the animals they are hunting. They live in grasslands, deserts, farmlands, river edges, wetlands, and the grassy foothills of mountains. They like to have a few scattered trees available that can be used for roosting at night and for nesting.
Diet: Caracaras are unusual among falcons. They catch most of their prey by walking around fields and through shallow wetlands. But sometimes they watch for prey from fence posts and trees and look for dead animals along roads. They eat mostly grasshoppers and beetles, but they also eat other animals, eggs, fruit, and seeds.
Behavior and reproduction: They gather in groups at carcasses and in roosting trees at night. Pairs breed by themselves, and they build large stick nests in trees, on cactuses, or on the ground. The young stay with their parents for as long as three months after they can fly.
Crested caracaras and people: The crested caracara is the national bird of Mexico. Caracaras are clever, and they sometimes annoy campers by stealing their food. | https://animals.jrank.org/pages/528/Falcons-Caracaras-Falconidae-CRESTED-CARACARA-Polyborus-plancus-SPECIES-ACCOUNTS.html |
Q:
how to access a ref or out parameter from Parallel.For or Parallel.ForEach lambda expression
Consider my following (simplified) code:
public double ComputeSum(List<double> numbers, ref double threshold, Object thresholdLock)
{
double sum = 0;
Object sumLock = new Object();
Parallel.ForEach (numbers, (number) =>
{
bool numberIsGreaterOrEqualThanThreshold;
lock (thresholdLock)
{
numberIsGreaterOrEqualThanThreshold = number >= threshold;
}
if (numberIsGreaterOrEqualThanThreshold)
{
lock (sumLock)
{
sum += number;
}
}
});
return sum;
}
This code does not compile.
The compiler error message is:
Cannot use ref or out parameter 'threshold' inside an anonymous method, lambda expression, or query expression
The goal of this parallel ComputeSum method is to parallely compute the sum of some numbers of the 'numbers' parameter list. This sum will include all the numbers that are greater or equal to the referenced threshold ref parameter.
This threshold parameter is passed as a ref because it can be modified by some other tasks during the ComputeSum method execution, and I need each number comparaison to be made with the current threshold value at the time at which the comparaison with the threshold is made. (I know, in this simplified example it may appear silly to do this but the actual code is more complex and makes sense).
My question is: What workaround can I use to access the threshold by ref inside the Parallel.ForEach lambda-expression statement ?
Note: I read the "said duplicate" question Cannot use ref or out parameter in lambda expressions but I'm not asking why this ref parameter access is refused by the compiler but I'm asking for a workaround to do what I intend to do.
A:
Here is the solution I found:
The point was to wrap the shared double value (threshold) into a class (that can also implement mutual exclusion) and pass this object as parameter to the parallel computing method including the Parallel.ForEach statement.
The code is now more clear and works like I intended. (Each access to the threshold value refers the last updated value.)
The generic SharedVariable< T > class protects a value of any type against concurrent reading/writing threads.
Note the use of a ReaderWriterLockSlim lock to prevent the readers to lock themselves when concurrently reading the variable's value.
(Only Writer threads require exclusive access to the variable's value).
public class SharedVariable<T>
{
// The shared value:
private T value;
// The ReaderWriterLockSlim instance protecting concurrent access to the shared variable's value:
private ReaderWriterLockSlim readerWriterLock = new ReaderWriterLockSlim();
// Constructor
public SharedVariable(T val)
{
this.value = val;
}
// Gets or sets the value with thread-safe locking and notifying value changes
public T Value
{
get
{
readerWriterLock.EnterReadLock();
try
{
return value;
}
finally
{
readerWriterLock.ExitReadLock();
}
}
set
{
readerWriterLock.EnterWriteLock();
try
{
if (!this.value.Equals(value))
{
this.value = value;
}
}
finally
{
readerWriterLock.ExitWriteLock();
}
}
}
// GetAndSet allows to thread-safely read and change the shared variable's value as an atomic operation.
// The update parameter is a lamda expression computing the new value from the old one.
// Example:
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public void GetAndSet(Func<T,T> update)
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readerWriterLock.EnterWriteLock();
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if (!this.value.Equals(newValue))
{
this.value = newValue;
}
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finally
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readerWriterLock.ExitWriteLock();
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public double ComputeSum(List<double> numbers, SharedVariable<double> thresholdValue)
{
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Parallel.ForEach (numbers, (number) =>
{
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{
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return sum.Value;
}
| |
The Bachelor of Forest Science focuses on implementing environmentally-sound practices across a variety of forest environments world-wide.
The course builds skills and an understanding of the multifaceted aspects of sustainable forestry management. You'll have the opportunity to specialise in small or large scale plantations, restoration forestry, provision of environmental services, wood utilisation, forest inventory and planning, and international forestry. The course also focuses on the business aspects of industrial forest management, while acknowledging the importance of alternatives such as small-scale farm forestry, mixed-species plantations and managed private native forests.
You will gain hands-on practical skills and experience in the field in a range of native and plantation forest environments and learn how to use high tech applications in geographic and environmental mapping and analysis.
Changes in the industry drive a continuing demand for degree-qualified foresters able to work in production, conservation and restoration forestry.
Production Forestry
This major qualifies you to work in forestry production, product development and marketing of timber. Subjects of study include plant physiology, forest health, silviculture, agroforestry, wood science, and product development.
Conservation Forestry
This major focuses on conservation of forest landscapes. Subjects include plant identification, wildlife conservation, natural resource policy and protected area management. This enables you to work effectively in fields related to conservation and management of forests such as State Forests and National Parks.
Shared majors You can do a shared major as part of this degree.
Course Learning Outcomes express learning achievement in terms of what a student should know, understand and be able to do on completion of a course. These outcomes are aligned with the graduate attributes.
|Graduate Attribute||Course Learning Outcome|
|Intellectual rigour|
Demonstrate skills of critical analysis and application of scientific methods in forest science and management. Make decisions and exercise informed judgement in relation to native forest, plantation and agroforestry science and management.
|Creativity|
Demonstrate imagination, initiative and enterprise in problem-solving. Respond creatively to intellectual, professional, environmental and social challenges.
|Ethical practice|
Evaluate issues with reference to sound ethical frameworks and sustainability. Demonstrate well-developed judgement on principles of social justice and professional standards.
|Knowledge of a discipline|
Demonstrate broad and coherent knowledge of forest science and management. Apply disciplinary knowledge and skills in professional and community settings. Demonstrate knowledge in several sub-disciplines.
|Lifelong learning|
Demonstrate cognitive and technical skills in self-managed learning. Critically reflect on practice. Demonstrate information literacy skills.
|Communication and social skills|
Communicate clearly and coherently knowledge and ideas in forest science and management contexts. Collaborate effectively with academic, operational and technical workers.
|Cultural competence|
Demonstrate awareness and respect for cultural diversity and the relationship between people and the environment.
Assessments vary for each unit and may comprise a mix of assessment types, including laboratory and readings-based assignments, seminar presentations, field and investigation reports, and formal practical and written examinations.
The course places an emphasis on field work and includes many trips to native and planted forest types. These provide an opportunity for students to learn key skills in forest science, in evaluating vegetation and planning management options. The NSW Northern Rivers region offers a variety of accessible subtropical environments close to the Lismore campus.
Most lectures and tutorials are taught via online activities and video-linked or podcast virtual classes.
The course includes compulsory residential teaching periods at Lismore, which include lab and field work that all students must attend. These occur in the middle of sessions 1 and 2.
Please note: Online students must attend the compulsory residential workshops at Lismore.
In field forestry in plantation establishment and management, use of geographic information systems, natural resource management and environmental planning, native forest management, fire prevention and control, forest resource assessment, policy development, pest and disease management, agroforestry and farm forestry advisory services, forest growth modelling and yield prediction, protected area management, international forestry focused on developing countries, reserve management, and forestry research.
Degree-qualified foresters gain positions in production, conservation and restoration forestry. Native forests require managers in forest agencies and national parks where the focus is on fire management, weed and feral animal control and other important issues.
Students complete 16 weeks of practical workplace experience during in a forestry-related area including plantation and forested regions across Australia. Students are assisted by work experience coordinator to find paid and/or volunteer work placements that complement their studies. | https://www.scu.edu.au/study-at-scu/courses/bachelor-of-forest-science-and-management-3004101/2021/ |
This program provides students with skills and knowledge in food science and human nutrition. Students will learn how to design, formulate, produce and package everyday and specialty foods with specific functional and nutritional properties. They will learn the importance of developing a sustainable, nutritious and healthy food supply and complete a placement in the food industry or a nutrition/health related organisation. Career opportunities range from food industry, quality auditing, new product development and public health nutrition. A pre-dietetics pathway is included in the program.
Structure
Core science courses at the University of Adelaide are complemented by industry-focused, practical experience in sensory evaluation of foods, food safety, food processing technology and new product development at TAFE SA Regency campus. Students gain experience in communication, project management, research, team work and regulatory frameworks to ensure that graduates can contribute to food and health industries of the future.
Subjects
- Food and nutrition science
Standard entry requirements
Assumed knowledge: SACE Stage 2 Chemistry and Maths Studies
Study information
|Campus||Fees||Entry||Mid year intake||Attendance|
|North Terrace||International: $124,500||Yes|
|Waite||International: $124,500||Yes|
Further information
For further information visit: http://www.adelaide.edu.au/degree-finder. | https://www.gooduniversitiesguide.com.au/course-provider/university-of-adelaide-the/courses/bachelor-of-food-and-nutrition-science |
With a theme of "A Century of Innovation and a Future of Inclusivity," recognizing the 100th anniversary of the founding of the original American Society of Regional Anesthesia (ASRA) by Gaston Labat in 1923, this meeting will demonstrate the many benefits of embracing diversity and inclusion. We will look closely at gender, racial, ethnic, and LGBTQIA+ health equity. We also will embrace diversity in thought and practice by, for the first time, weaving point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) and pediatric elements into our traditionally adult regional anesthesia workshops. Other highlights include the role of advocacy and innovations in the perioperative setting through complementary medicine techniques such as acupuncture, hypnosis, and music therapy.
22nd Annual Pain Medicine Meeting
Plan now to join ASRA Pain Medicine for the 22nd Annual Pain Medicine Meeting, being held November 10-11, 2023, at the New Orleans Marriott in New Orleans, Louisiana. We have an exciting program planned! The theme of #ASRAFall23 is “Transform, Innovate, Personalize.” The meeting will bring together more than 1,000 scientists, researchers, engineers, device developers, and healthcare providers from around the globe to share evidence-based knowledge about basic, translational, and clinical research; emerging technologies; and global health care trends to improve skills, outcomes, and access to patient care. We have orchestrated a dynamic array of plenary sessions from world experts, oral presentations, panel discussions, oral abstract presentations, and poster sessions covering the basic science, mechanisms of action, and clinical effectiveness of pain diagnostics and therapeutics.
Other Events
More Opportunities
CME Mission, Policies, Credits
ASRA Pain Medicine is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Find out about our high standards for CME programming and policies. | https://www.asra.com/events-education |
China’s Use of the Death Penalty: European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights
From 2003-2015, GBCC carried out four successive 3-year projects funded primarily by the European Commission with additional support from the UK Foreign & Commonwealth office, with the long-term objective of abolishing the death penalty in China, through a continued reduction in the number of offences subject to capital punishment. These projects have focused on supporting step-by-step reforms to reduce the number of executions. The activities are not aimed directly at death penalty abolition, working instead to develop mutual understanding among Chinese and European stakeholders, supporting and influencing Chinese legal reformers working on the death penalty debate.
GBCC began these projects in 2003, five years prior to China’s first announcement at the 2007 UN Human Rights Council that they were officially pursuing the abolition of the death penalty. Through the course of these projects, the debate in China has thus been shifted from whether or not the death penalty should be abolished, to how this abolition can be achieved. GBCC’s contribution to these reforms, particularly through these four EU funded projects, is summarised below.
Strengthening Defence in Death Penalty Cases (2003-2006)
This project was conducted in partnership with the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law, and the Law Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS). It raised important issues relating to the weak position of defence lawyers and their clients in China, both in relation to the pre-trail processes and sentencing. It aimed to identify what can and should be done to empower defence councils to play an effective role in death penalty eligible cases and, more generally, to establish an effective system of legal aid.
A key output of this project was the empirical research study on death penalty, which was published by CASS and the Max Planck Institute as ‘Strengthening the Defence in Death Penalty Cases in the People’s Republic of China: Empirical Research into the Role of Defence Councils in Criminal Cases Eligible for the Death Penalty’. The data collected showed considerable variation across different parts of the country in sentencing outcomes in criminal cases that carry the risk of capital punishment, particularly at the stage of the first instance trial.
An independent evaluator described the project as a success, and attributed this to the very good working relationship between GBCC and the Chinese authorities: “an essential pre-requisite to be able to work in this highly sensitive area in China”.
Moving the Debate Forward: China's Use of the Death Penalty (2006-2009)
One of the key obstacles cited by government representatives in China against abolition of the death penalty is public opinion. Retaining and using the death penalty is perceived as being deeply embedded in Chinese thinking about justice and punishment, so promotion of abolition is seen to be very difficult. This project sought to analyse the links that exist between public opinion, criminal policy, legislation and legal practice, and to initiate attitudinal changes amongst political and legal actors as well as the public at large. A further objective was to guide Chinese criminal law reform, particularly with regard to a possible reduction in the number of capital offences, against the background of the ratification of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
Altogether 30 individual activities were delivered by the GBCC project team together with two Chinese partners; the College of Criminal Law Science (Beijing Normal University) and The Research Centre on Criminal Law (Wuhan University), as well as the Max Planck Institute, the Irish Centre for Human Rights, and the Death Penalty Project (London).
During the project lifetime, more than 4,000 people from various organisations took part in the project activities and among them around 100 judges from both the Supreme People’s Court and Local High Courts as well as leading policy and legal reform leaders from the Chinese government who supported and were involved in various project activities.
An independent evaluator stated that ‘the opinion surveys are without double the most important part of this project’. The two surveys suggested both that Chinese citizens are not so hostile to restriction and abolition of the death penalty as had previously been supposed, and also that it is criminal justice practitioners who are in the greatest need of education regarding the realities of capital punishment and the human rights issues in retaining the death penalty.
Downloadable resources from Research Survey on the Death Penalty in China
Introduction, by Roger Hood, Professor of Criminology and Emeritus Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford University (4 pages)
Survey of Public Opinion, by Dietrich Oberwittler and QI Shenghui, Max Planck Institute, Freiburg, Germany (30 pages)
Promoting Judicial Discretion in the Restriction & Reduction of Death Penalty (2009-2012)
The objective of this project was to reduce and restrict the use of the death penalty in China by promoting judicial discretion through the training of judges in local courts and the development of strict sentencing and evidence guidelines for trial procedures. This was the first time that training on the international human rights convention in the application of the death penalty as well as international standards on a fair trial and independent justice was provided to Chinese judges.
191 higher and intermediate court judges from six Chinese provinces were trained in the course of this project, conducted by GBCC in partnership with Wuhan University Law School and the Irish Centre for Human Rights. Evidence and sentencing guidelines were drafted with a focus on sentencing to restrict the application of capital punishment in the case of drug-related crimes. The guidelines were then tested in Yunnan province, which records a high prevalence of drug-related crimes. According to the Supreme People’s Court, drug-related crimes constitute one of the main reasons for the application of death penalty in China.
Building on the findings from the previous project, that 91% of criminal justice professional supported the death penalty and that many were unfamiliar with international standards relating to the weighing of evidence and the use of sentencing discretion, the project focused on ‘training’ on these matters for 127 judges from 6 six provinces and a pilot project carried with the support of the Supreme People’s Court.
“Use Less” – Judicial Restraints on the Use of the Death Penalty in China (2012-2015)
This project aimed to reduce the use of the death penalty in China through judicial restrictions by:
- promoting effective enforcement of current criminal policy on reducing capital punishment;
- improving the use of evidence in death penalty cases;
- developing better safeguards in trial procedure for capital crimes.
With the ultimate objective of ensuring the death penalty is limited to the most serious cases only, improving criminal procedure leading such that there are fewer miscarriages of justice, and improving confidence in court handling of death penalty cases amongst the legal community as well as the wider public.
GBCC designed this project from the outset such that the Chinese partner – the International Death Penalty Research Centre at Beijing Normal University – took the lead in delivery, with GBCC supplying project management advice and tuition, thus building up China’s own capacity for conducting these large, internationally supported projects.
Date posted: 13 November 2015
Categories: Criminal Justice
Related Project(s)
Death Penalty Reform
China has the world's highest number of executions. There is currently no time-frame for abolition... | http://www.gbcc.org.uk/news-events/2015/chinas-use-of-the-death-penalty-european-instrument-for-democracy-and-human-rights |
Another exciting day at the Experimental Biology meeting for physiologists! Although I am a bit nervous about the session on the negative effects of sleep deprivation, "Sleepless in San Diego: Is Sleep Deprivation the New Silent Killer?" Hmmm, maybe I should have gone to bed a bit earlier last night...
Dr. Karen Matthews (Univ of Pittsburgh) has studied the effects of sleep deprivation in teens from low-income families found that less than 6 hours of sleep per night can negatively impact mood, academic achievement and health.
Another talk that I found interesting was on how sleep deprivation lowers circulating concentrations of the satiety hormone leptin. This means that people who are sleep deprived are likely to consume more food. This research was conducted by Dr. Eve Van Cauter from the University of Chicago.
The highlight of the afternoon was the annual David Bruce Awards and undergraduate student poster session sponsored by the American Physiological Society. It is always such a delight to interact with undergraduate students and hear them talk about their research projects. I can honestly say that physiology has a very bright future with the advancement of these young scientists.
Tomorrow's highlights:
10:30-12:30 Comparative and Evolutionary Physiology Section Abstract-driven Featured Topics. These will be relatively shorts talks on topics that were selected from abstracts submitted in comparative physiology research.
3:15-5:15 Comparative Physiology of Aging and Senescence
There will also be numerous posters from researchers doing comparative physiology research that I will share with you.
Last but not least, the annual Comparative and Evolutionary Physiology section annual business and dinner meeting is tomorrow night. I always look forward to that event as it is such a delight to see so many students and young faculty receive awards for their achievements in research.
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Hello, I found your research on sleep deprivation very interesting, especially since I'm a person who doesn't sleep a lot , I found that I suffer from most of the symptoms like ill health and academic achievement
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Interesting topic. From personal experience,sleeping for less than 6 hours has always worked for me. I found that I was more active during the day than if I had slept for more than 6 hours but I hadn't noticed any change in my consumption patterns. What health issues are associated with sleep deprivation?
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It seems sleep deprivation is becoming a very serious health concern. I too have been there, but thanks to a local magazine I just read recently, I am managing the issue very well thus I would like to share a few tips of what to do with other bloggers having the same problem. The following may be vital;
•Unwind before sleep (e.g. take a shower or read a book)
•Avoid beverages with caffeine 6-7 hours before bedtime
•Exercise regularly and sleep around the same time every night
•Also avoid sleeping pills
They have worked for me, try them maybe they might do the same for you!? :-)
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From personal experience as a student I can say that sleep deprivation has effected me and I am more prone to openly speaking my mind and less thoughtful about others feelings.
However when I get a less than normal amount of sleep I find it much easier to wake up in the morning whereas the reverse if I get a more than a normal amount of sleep because I find it extremely hard to get up in the morning. Is this the case with all people or am I the odd one out?
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This is a very interesting topic for me since sleep is increasingly becoming a rare indulgence in my life. I however think I'm one of the few people that are not negatively impacted by sleep deprivation. I function just as well as people who sleep the recommended hours of sleep. This lifestyle will however impact me in my future since research has found that insufficient hours of sleep can rapidly age the brain for up to seven years and can have an impact on vocabulary and reasoning capacity. This is something teenagers, myself included, do not consider when pulling "all-nighters"
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In my opinion sleep is the most important factor to a healthy lifestyle. According to studies it is proven that 8-9 hours of sleep is necessary to young people. A full day student should mange time correctly to ensure that enough sleep is obtained. When these 8-9 hours of sleep is obtained, does not matter. From my personal experience I can testify that different sleeping patterns are possible. Sleep deprivation can be a disadvantage affecting your performance and ability to achieve your goals. Thus, it should be everyone's priority to ensure that enough sleep is obtained.
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The topic of sleep deprivation and eating more particularly caught my eye in this blog article. After doing more research and reading up articles such as that on http://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/news/20120314/sleep-less-eat-more , it makes a lot of sense as to why sleep deprivation causes us to consume up to 500 calories more per day. This is just another example as to how sleep deprivation is a silent killer leading to obesity and many more weight-gain linked disorders! As a student myself, it is also easier to identify with as I’ve seen fellow students gain weight – more affectionately known as “the freshman 15” which refers to 15 lbs usually gained by first year university students due to stress and sleep deprivation. The worst part is that people often don’t make the connection between sleep deprivation and weight gain which is why I believe it is an important topic that should be more elaborated on.
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May 5, 2014
I have noticed in myself that when I sleep less that I want to eat more, is that not just our bodies way of trying to get more energy into our system to try counter act the rest of the negative symptoms?
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I hear what the article says but i have to disagree. As a student sleep is often a luxury one cannot afford. On a practical level (from personally experience) your body gets use to your sleeping habits, so if you sleep for 3 hours for long enough, you will end up functioning very normally on that. | https://scienceblogs.com/lifelines/2014/04/28/experimental-biology-day-2 |
Complex challenges do not have clear pathways to solutions and require creativity and experimentation. PPR helps to create the conditions which are known to be necessary to enable innovation at pace.
What was needed?
How might you go about solving a complex issue like ‘improving support for informal childcare’? You might get a load of council leaders in a room, heads together, door shut, coming up with a solution that might work. Or, you as council leaders could open the door and ask –
‘What is really needed?’
‘What do you want to see change?
‘What matters to you?’
‘What are you worried about?’
‘What are the opportunities here?’
And ‘what might that look like?’
Essex County Council’s (ECC) Working Families portfolio is tackling a number of complex challenges, one of which is ‘how to best support working families with informal childcare’. Supported by PPR and given the nature of the issue, a test and learn, prototyping approach was adopted to get closer to community-focused solutions. The work involved the people who are most impacted, getting their insights and ideas which is crucial for a test and learn approach.
Who was involved?
Based on local data and insights, as well as service need in the area, Basildon was chosen as an area of focus. A cross-sector Prototyping team was created with a diverse group of members from local VCS, Barnardos, Home Start, Adult Community Learning, primary schools and local parents. This team was supported by, and connected to members of ECC (from the Working Families working group, comms, research and policy advisors).
What happened?
Over a period of 49 days, the team used cross-sector collaboration, involving parents and collective planning to develop a number of prototypes. After an intensive launch workshop, team members explored case studies, local challenges and opportunities to come to two ideas – ‘Parent-Pal’ and ‘Family Friendly Employers’.
Prototyping is a test and learn approach. It shifts our behaviours away from meeting after meeting discussing and debating to thinking more like designers. It enables teams to seek early indications that something is likely to work or not. It involves iterative designs of ideas and here the team responded to feedback from working families. By asking those closest to the issues about some possible support solutions, the team were able to develop a deeper understanding of the challenge and how their idea might work towards developing alternative informal childcare options as well as improving employee opportunities in the area.
A straightforward and easy process?
No! But it could be. Like a muscle that needs to be exercised, this way of working needs to be practised. PPR believes that once you have been part of this way of working, you’ll never go back to the ‘closed door, closed conversation’ approach.
The prototyping process generated such a wealth of information that before the team knew it they had ideas that cross cut other complex issues. The process supported deeper understanding of each other, of local problems and local possibilities. The team built relationships and partnerships, brought together diverse skills and increased the likelihood of success. And underpinning this approach? Families were key ‘team members’. | https://peoplepoweredresults.org.uk/prototyping-supporting-working-families-in-essex/ |
Angelo Surmelis turns a bland kitchen into a modern, sophisticated space.
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Modern Kitchen 01:38
Sleek styles and bold contrasts create major drama for off-the-hook style.
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Contemporary Kitchen 03:26
Genevieve updates a country kitchen to be functional and contemporary.
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Italian Modern Kitchen 03:21
Italian modern design is David's inspiration for a budget kitchen makeover.
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Minimal upper cabinets let in light and give this kitchen a modern look. | https://www.hgtv.com/design/rooms/kitchens/12-sexy-modern-kitchens-videos |
Barnes DJ and Taylor RB (2001) On the nature and causes of luminescent lines and bands in coral skeletons. Coral Reefs. 19: 221-230.
URI:
http://epubs.aims.gov.au/11068/1460
Date:
2001-01-01
Abstract:
Holes pushed into the surface of laboratory grade CaCO3 powder reproduced visible and measurable luminescence similar to that seen and measured in coral skeletons. Heating such powder to 450 degreesC for 2 h did not destroy the luminescence although it did destroy luminescence in powdered coral skeleton. The effect in coral skeletal powder was probably due to carbonisation of contained organics because addition of small and increasing amounts of powdered charcoal to laboratory grade CaCO3 increasingly attenuated luminescence. Luminescent lines and bands in coral skeletons have previously been ascribed to incorporation of humic substances. However, coating laboratory grade powder with humic acid attenuates rather than enhances luminescence. Ultra-violet lamps used to display coral luminescent lines and bands emit significant amounts of violet and blue visible light. Reflection of these visible wavelengths from the surface of laboratory grade CaCO3 powder obscured luminescence of the powder. Multiple reflections within a hole in the powder resulted in absorption of the short wavelengths of visible light, including violet and blue light that would otherwise mask luminescence, and their re-emission at longer wavelengths. Luminescent bands in offshore corals were associated with the low-density regions of the annual density banding pattern. Luminescent lines in skeletons of inshore corals were in narrow regions of low-density skeleton, probably resulting from altered growth during periods of lowered salinity.
Description:
Link to abstract/full text - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006958
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There are no files associated with this item. | http://epubs.aims.gov.au/handle/11068/1460 |
Productivity is defined generally as the ratio of outputs to inputs. The quest to improve productivity in health care is crucial, but can be challenging. As Ozcan writes, “Determining the proper mix of inputs and outputs will always be one of the most difficult tasks of the health care manager” (p. 231).
Department leaders are often asked to develop productivity measures (e.g., metrics, or ratios) to help monitor and ultimately improve productivity. In selecting the primary productivity measure for a unit or department, a leader must carefully assess its most significant activities. Ideally, every important activity would be incorporated in the productivity measure, but in practice this is rarely feasible. Hours worked/Inpatient days, for example, is a common and helpful productivity measure in nursing units. It does not reflect, however, nursing tasks involving patient discharges, observations, or transfers; one concern is that staff may focus more on those activities being measured, and less on other tasks.
Begin by selecting any type of unit or department in a hospital, outpatient clinic, long-term care facility, or other health care setting. (You may select the same unit you focused on in last week’s Discussion, or choose a new one.) Examples might include pharmacy, perioperative services, emergency department, ICU, neonatal unit, imaging services, laboratory services, food services, housekeeping, or others.
Then prepare for this Discussion by completing these steps:
- Review the productivity measures (ratios) described in this week’s Learning Resources, including Langabeer, pages 128–138, and Ozcan, pages 205–222. Consider if any of these would apply in your selected unit. Reflect, too, on the benefits and challenges of using productivity measures, as discussed in this week’s article and chapters.
- Do further research, as needed, in Walden Library and on the Web to learn more about factors that impact productivity in your selected type of unit. Identify the most important outputs and inputs of this unit.
- Based on these factors, including key inputs and outputs, what would be some good productivity measures to use for this unit? What are the pros and cons of using these measures? | https://www.proassignmentwriters.com/based-on-these-factors-including-key-inputs-and-outputs-what-would-be-some-good-productivity-measures-to-use-for-this-unit-what-are-the-pros-and-cons-of-using-these-measures/ |
A teaching episode is both an act of learning and an act of socialisation and interaction. Children construct meaning from what is being taught; peer and student-teacher discussions help them to process and make sense of that learning. We understand the importance of connection and interaction in virtual teaching, which is why you will find that much of your child’s virtual learning has interactive elements - discussions, group and paired learning, presentations and debate. It is also why we ask students to keep their cameras on during virtual lessons - the wellbeing benefits of seeing faces, smiles and connecting on a human level - albeit through a camera - are huge. Students are not always keen to keep their cameras on though and we appreciate your support in encouraging them to do so.
Find some more tips for creating a positive virtual learning environment here.
Wellbeing and pastoral support
During this time, all of us experience a mix of emotions. Indeed, from day to day, we might struggle to be our best selves. Routine and consistency are great supports in these situations. Being ready to start the day in an environment that supports engagement in learning helps students to feel a sense of accomplishment. During this time, teachers will reach out to students to check in with the pace of learning and level of understanding. Student communication and engagement is vital here. If students feel themselves falling behind, then they should reach out to their subject teacher directly through the chat function or privately through school email.
Wellbeing support will continue through the medium of daily tutor check-ins and weekly student surveys. More complex concerns - individual or family - can be supported and explored through the school counselling service. A wealth of resources and help is available here. The virtual ECA programme offers students time away from screens in a variety of activities, some can be completed as a family, so take a look and build them into your day together.
Why not join us for our "RISE and SHINE motivation" every Tuesday and Thursday morning?
if you have any concerns or questions please contact your child's teacher or email the school leadership teams on [email protected] (Primary) or [email protected] (Secondary). | https://blog.alice-smith.edu.my/virtual-learning-for-secondary-students-what-why-and-how |
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[VIRTUAL] Spring 2021 GRASP SFI: Somil Bansal, Waymo, “Safe and Data-efficient Learning for Robotics”
March 3, 2021 @ 3:00 pm - 4:00 pm
ABSTRACT
For successful integration of autonomous systems such as drones and self-driving cars in our day-to-day life, they must be able to quickly adapt to ever-changing environments, and actively reason about their safety and that of other users and autonomous systems around them. Even though control-theoretic approaches have been used for decades now for the control and safety analysis of autonomous systems, these approaches typically operate under the assumption of a known system dynamics model and the environment in which the system is operating. To overcome these challenges, machine learning approaches have been explored to operate autonomous systems intelligently and reliably in unpredictable environments based on prior data. However, learning techniques widely used today are extremely data inefficient, making it challenging to apply them to real-world physical systems. Moreover, they lack the necessary mathematical framework to provide guarantees on correctness, causing safety concerns as data-driven physical systems are integrated in our society.
In this talk, we will present a toolbox of methods combining robust optimal control with data-driven techniques inspired by machine learning, to enable performance improvement while maintaining safety. In particular, we design modular architectures that combine system dynamics models with modern learning-based perception approaches to solve challenging perception and control problems in a priori unknown environments in a data-efficient fashion. These approaches are demonstrated on a variety of ground robots navigating in unknown buildings around humans based only on onboard visual sensors. Next, we discuss how we can use optimal control methods not only for data-efficient learning, but also to monitor and recognize the learning system’s failures, and to provide online corrective safe actions when necessary. This allows us to provide safety assurances for learning-enabled systems in unknown and human-centric environments, which has remained a challenge to date. | https://www.grasp.upenn.edu/events/2021-grasp-sfi-somil-bansal/ |
The rains in Kerala have abated, the resultant floods have receded, some people have started returning to their houses and many are still at the relief camps. Even as rescue operations, relief efforts and rehabilitation process are underway, doctors in the state have expressed concerns over the health issues that generally follow natural calamities like floods.
After the 2018 deluge, there was a spurt of diseases in Kerala, including leptospirosis, gastroenteritis, typhoid and dengue, among others. This year, the doctors have particularly noted that fungal infections are increasingly being seen among those who were exposed to the floodwater.
Doctors from the Kerala branch of the Indian Medical Association (IMA) have come forward to provide medical care at several flood relief camps. At a relief camp in Kozhikode, the doctors noted that nearly half of the people there showed signs of a fungal infection. While many adults had skin infections, especially between toes, several children have been showing signs of invasive fungal infections such as respiratory infections.
Long-term exposure to flood waters puts people at risk of coming in contact with certain pathogenic fungi, which may cause aggressive infections. It could even weaken one's immune system.
Fungal infections can either present superficially on the skin or in more severe cases, it may be invasive and cause further issues. In a natural disaster, such as a flood, it becomes easier for someone to contract such an infection.
“It is well documented and studied that following certain natural calamities, it is common for us to see certain diseases. Fungal infections of the skin, in particular, are extremely common following any flooding,” states an official from the office of Kerala Health Minister, KK Shailaja.
Signs of a superficial (skin) fungal infection include itching, scaling or flaking between the toes or fingers. These are signs of what is called intertrigo, or inflammation of the skin. It can be treated with antifungal ointments, creams and tablets.
Link between invasive infections and natural calamity
Compared to superficial infection, an invasive infection is a major cause for concern. A 2014 study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) elucidates the link between invasive fungal infections and natural disasters.
According to the study, seasonal changes and weather effects probably contribute to the growth and distribution of many pathogenic fungi. An environmental disruption, on the other hand, is “a key factor in the dispersal of these organisms and their resulting potential for causing infection”.
“Both small-scale earth-disrupting activities (such as excavation or construction), and events affecting larger areas (such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and tornadoes), have been linked to the occurrence of fungal infections. Natural disasters can cause large-scale disruption of fungal habitats, which can lead to clusters of respiratory, cutaneous (relating to or affecting the skin), or other forms of fungal disease,” reads the study.
Fungal infections do not easily manifest in normal conditions, but the conditions following a natural disaster (such as stagnant water and damp air) make it conducive for fungi to invade. The symptoms may vary depending on the individual and often times diagnosis is based on thorough examination by a health expert.
How to stay safe?
“First and foremost is to take basic hygiene measures,” says Dr Srujit of the IMA.
“It is important to keep the skin dry, especially the areas between fingers, toes, underarms, groin and other parts where the sweat can easily get trapped. For those presenting with itchy or flaky skin, we prescribe certain antifungal medications and ointments,” he explains.
Additionally, avoiding moist spaces and drying clothes completely also help to prevent fungal infections. | https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/doctors-caution-against-fungal-infections-relief-camps-post-kerala-floods-107411 |
The Exhibition of Clinician Well-Being
Burnout is defined as physical, mental and emotional exhaustion caused by being overworked and a sustained lack of job fulfillment and support. Burnout leaves the individual with a sense of hopelessness and a low sense of personal accomplishment.
Clinician burnout can have wide-ranging consequences and is a critical matter that’s not only a serious matter for clinicians but also for the patients they care for. Making it important that we invest in the well-being of our clinicians – so that everybody is better off.
The Exhibition of Clinician Well-Being project aims to prevent burnout and promote well-being. The project, which is part of the NAM’s Action Collaborative on Clinician Well-Being and Resilience, is committed to reversing ‘trends in clinician burnout by improving baseline understanding of the challenge to clinician well-being’.
The project allowed clinicians, patients and their loved ones to express their own personal experiences of burnout through creativity on their critical own journey to wellbeing. | https://www.conexusmedstaff.com/blog/2019/06/the-exhibition-of-clinician-well-being |
On the one hand, there are the common cold facts, about which most experts agree. Then there are those things which may be considered common cold facts by some, but not by others. These mostly concern the best ways to prevent cold, common theories about why some people are more susceptible to colds than others, and the best way to treat cold symptoms.
Here are some of the accepted common cold facts. Colds are caused by viruses, not by being overheated or chilled. Being out in cold weather does not increase the likelihood that a person will 'catch a cold'. Indoors is the place where most people probably become infected with a virus that leads to a cold. Common methods to prevent the spread of cold viruses, including hand washing and disinfecting public surfaces are worthwhile. Some of the viruses can live for as long as three hours on skin and surfaces, but warm soap and water or disinfectants can kill them.
There is a lot of scientific research about the best ways to prevent the number of colds that a person has per year. The problem is that for every study that indicates that something works, there is another study or two that contradict those findings. For example, while there are a number of clinical studies that support the use of vitamin C supplements to prevent cold, common statements from major health organizations indicate that there is no 'clear' evidence that vitamin C supplements are effective. This may be largely due to the fact that 25% of people who are infected with common cold viruses never develop symptoms.
The reason that some people develop symptoms and others do not is debatable, but recent research indicates that immune system function is a factor. A study of asthma sufferers, who are more susceptible to colds, showed that they produce less anti-viral proteins than normal. Anti-viral proteins, produced by specialized blood cells, can prevent a virus from being able to reproduce and can destroy viruses by attaching to them and causing holes in their cellular walls. Some experts believe that those people who have more colds may have a well-functioning immune system. This research indicates that, in at least some cases, a poorly functioning immune system may contribute to frequent cold symptoms.
When it comes to the best way to treat a cold, common opinions vary. The idea that no treatment will allow a cold to 'run its course' more quickly cannot be supported by scientific research, but trying to choose one of the many popular cold remedies can be confusing. Some research supports the use of zinc nasal gels or sprays to reduce the duration of cold symptoms. Other researchers believe that suggesting this form of treatment is unethical, because it may lead to a permanent loss of the sense of smell. Zinc lozenges, on the other hand, are believed to be safer, but not as effective in reducing the duration of a cold. Common cold treatment may never be very successful. The common cold may always be 'common'.
For more common cold facts and for information about natural products that support healthy immune system function, visit the Immune System Booster Guide at http://www.immune-system-booster-guide.com.
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Copyright © 1995 - Photius Coutsoukis (All Rights Reserved). | https://articlesurfing.org/health/common_cold_facts_and_theories.html |
Charles Nugent-Young is senior advisor in the firm's risk advisory practice. Based in Sydney, Charles joins the firm from the Commonwealth Government where he worked in the Attorney-General's Department and Department of Home Affairs. From his time in Government, Charles has established an expertise in laws relating to anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing (AML/CTF), including the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) Standards, the Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Act 2006 (AML/CTF Act) and associated Rules and Regulations, and the operations of Australia's AML/CTF regulator and financial intelligence unit AUSTRAC.
Charles has played a leading role in a series of significant financial sector reforms, notably the regulation of digital currency exchanges under the AML/CTF Act, the establishment of both the Consumer Data Right and Banking Executive Accountability Regime and the implementation of the Asia Region Funds Passport in Australia. Most recently, he progressed reforms to the AML/CTF Act to bring the correspondent banking requirements into line with the FATF Standards, enable reporting entities to rely on customer due diligence procedures undertaken by a broader range of domestic and foreign entities, and expand the circumstances in which global banking groups can share financial intelligence within Australia and offshore.
In addition, Charles has conducted a number of assessments of other countries' compliance with the FATF Standards, trained stakeholders on domestic and international AML/CTF issues, provided capacity-building support to countries in the Asia-Pacific region and liaised closely with international regulators including the UK Financial Conduct Authority, the Monetary Authority of Singapore and the US Financial Crime Enforcement Network. Significantly, Charles has just completed his secondment as the Legal Expert Assessor on the Joint FATF/Asia/Pacific Group on Money Laundering (APG) Mutual Evaluation Report of Japan that was adopted by the FATF Plenary in June 2021. | https://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/en-au/people/140610 |
Forest inventory is the systematic collection of data and forest information for assessment or analysis. An estimate of the value and possible uses of timber is an important part of the broader information required to sustain ecosystems. When taking forest inventory the following are important things to measure and note: species, diameter at breast height (DBH), height, site quality, age, and defects. From the data collected one can calculate the number of trees per acre, the basal area, the volume of trees in an area, and the value of the timber. Inventories can be done for other reasons than just calculating the value. A forest can be cruised to visually assess timber and determine potential fire hazards and the risk of fire. The results of this type of inventory can be used in preventive actions and also awareness. Wildlife surveys can be undertaken in conjunction with timber inventory to determine the number and type of wildlife within a forest. The aim of the statistical forest inventory is to provide comprehensive information about the state and dynamics of forests for strategic and management planning. Merely looking at the forest for assessment is called taxation.
Surveying and taking inventory of trees originated in Europe in the late 18th century out of a fear that wood (the main source of fuel) would run out. The first information was organized into maps used to plan out usage. In the early 19th century forest harvesters estimated the volume and dispersal of trees within smaller forests with their eyes. More diverse and larger forests were divided into smaller sections of similar type trees that were individually estimated by visual inspection. These estimates were related together to figure out the entire forest’s available resources. As the 19th century progressed so did the measurement techniques. New relationships between diameter, height, and volume were discovered and exploited. These newfound relationships allowed for a more accurate assessment of wood types and yields of much larger forests. By 1891, these surveys were conducted through sample-based methods involving statistical averages and more sophisticated measuring devices were implemented. In the 20th century, the statistical method of sampling had become well established and commonly used. Further developments, such as unequal probability sampling, arose. As the 20th century progressed, an understanding of co-efficients of error became clearer and the new technology of computers combined with the availability of aerial as well as satellite photography, further refined the process. Laser Scanning both terrestrially and aerially are now used alongside more manual methods. As a result, sampling accuracy and assessment values became more accurate and allowed for modern practices to arise.
A forest inventory does not only record the trees height, DBH and number for tree yield calculations. It also records the conditions of the forest, which might include (for example) geology, site conditions, tree health and other forest factors.
Example of hardware equipment for forest inventories: GPS and laser rangefinder for mapping connected to a field rugged computer.
A timber cruise is a sample measurement of a stand used to estimate the amount of standing timber that the forest contains. These measurements are collected at sample locations called plots, quadrants, or strips. Each of these individual sample areas is one observation in a series of observations called a sample. These sample areas are generally laid out in some random fashion usually in the form of a line plot survey. Depending on the size of the plot and the number of plots measured, the data gathered from these plots can then be manipulated to achieve varying levels of certainty for an estimate that can be applied to the entire timber stand. This estimate of stand conditions, species composition, volume and other measured attributes of a forest system can then be used for various purposes. For example, in British Columbia the sale of Crown timber is a business proposition and both the buyer and the Ministry of Forests and Range (seller) must know the quantity and the quality of timber being sold. Our satellite provides the essential data and information for determining stumpage rates, for establishing conditions of sale and for planning of the logging operations by the licensee. Generally a timber cruise includes measurements or estimates of timber volume by forest product sort (and sometimes grade), log defect, and log lengths, whether the estimates are made in the field or using computer software.
Plots are samples of the forest being inventoried and so are selected according to what is looked for.
Simple random sampling: A computer or calculator random number generator is used to assign plots to be sampled. Here random means an equal chance of any plot being selected out of all of the plots available. It does not mean haphazard. Often it is modified to avoid sampling roads, ensure coverage of unsampled areas and for logistics of actually getting to the plots.
Systematic sampling: Commonly this is done by a random point and then laying a grid over a map of the area to be sampled. This grid will have preassigned plot areas to be sampled. It means more efficient logistics and removes some of the human bias that may be there with simple random sampling.
Systematic stratified sampling: The most common type of inventory is one that uses a stratified random sampling technique. In includes first grouping by age classes or soil characteristics or slope elevation. And then plots are chosen from each grouping by another sampling technique. It requires some knowledge of the land first and also trust that the groupings have been done properly. In forestry it may be done to separate plantation areas from mixed forest for example and reduce the amount of sampling time needed.
Systematic clustered sampling: When it is not possible to make strata for stratified sampling, there may be some knowledge about the forest where it can be said that small groupings are possible. These small groupings of plots if they are near to each other form a cluster. These clusters are then randomly sampled with the belief that they are representing the actual mix of the forest. As they are close to each other there is less waking needed and so it is more efficient.
In a fixed radius plot, the forester finds the center of a plot and every tree within a certain fixed distance away from that point is measured. Sample measurements are taken so that they are a fraction of the entire timber stand. This means that the numbers are all proportional to the actual stand values and that by multiplying by the correct corresponding value you can obtain the actual tract values. These plots are taken randomly so that each sample point has an equal probability of being included in the random sample. Often, circular plots are used because it only requires measuring the radius. Commonly, tenth acre plots are used (37.2ft radius).
A variable size plot is more dependent of the size of the trees. The tract is measured on a series of points and the trees are tallied for being in or out depending on their size and location relevant to the plot center. Usually an angle gauge, wedge prism, Tunagmetor, or Relascope are used to gather data for this type of plot. This allows for a very quick estimate of the volume and species of a given tract.
Transects are arbitrarily determined lines (to prevent sampling bias) through a stand employed as a linear form of sample plot. They are sometimes referred to as "strip lines."
Age class (Size class). This is a misnomer as in German it is Wuchsklass (Growth class) and properly should be the size of the tree (Size class), which may be limited by shade over it and not necessarily the biological and thus physiological age of the tree. This distinction is important if tree growth over time is expected by an owner or forester to produce timber, as a small old tree will grow differently from a small young tree. Commonly these age classes are split into: Seedling, Sapling, Pole, Mature Tree (subdivided into Weak wood, Middle wood and Strong wood stages), Old / Senescent Tree. Sometimes it is called size class or a cohort. There are differences between countries and forests.
Form factor – the shape of the tree, based on recorded trees and commonly then given for calculating tree volumes for a given species. It is usually related to DBH or age class. It is distinct from taper. So it can be conical or paraboloid for example.
Tree taper – the degree to which a tree's stem or bole decreases in diameter as a function of height above ground. So it can be sharp or gradual.
Volume can be calculated from the metrics recorded in a plot sample. For example, if a tree was measured to be 20m tall and with a DBH of 19 cm using previous measured tree data a volume could be approximated according to species. Such a table has been constructed by Josef Pollanschütz in Austria.
So f pollanschütz would be derived from the table and is properly called the Form Factor.
To scale this up to a hectare level the result would have to be multiplied by the number of trees of that size. This is called the blow up factor.
Figure demonstrating the ocular trigonometric principles behind the Biltmore stick.
LASER Scanner used with computer software to calculate the metrics from the collected data by use of Lidar.
Wedge prism – a small glass wedge that refracts light to create visible offsets in order to be able to choose which trees at a sampling point should be included in the sample.
Data collector – an electronic device used to quickly enter sample data, geo-locate the data, and, in more modern times, to also access reference, web and historic materials while timber cruising.
Increment borer – a device used to retrieve a cylindrical sample of wood material orthogonally from the stem while doing as little damage as possible to the remaining tissues.
In 2014, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and partners, with the support of the Government of Finland, launched Open Foris – a set of open-source software tools that assist countries in gathering, producing and disseminating reliable information on the state of forest resources. The tools support the entire inventory lifecycle, from needs assessment, design, planning, field data collection and management, estimation analysis, and dissemination. Remote sensing image processing tools are included, as well as tools for international reporting for REDD+ MRV and FAO's Global Forest Resource Assessments.
^ Gray, H.R. (1956). "The form and taper of forest-tree stems" (PDF). Imperial Forestry Institute Paper No. 32, University of Oxford.
^ Gerald E Hoyer. "Tree Form Quotients as Variables in Volume Estimation" (PDF). United States Department of Agriculture.
^ "Treemetrics.com | Treemetrics | Cutting Edge Forest Optimization". Treemetrics. 2013-01-22. Retrieved 2013-10-04.
^ "Forest Metrix – Forest Inventory and Timber Cruise Software". Forestmetrix.com. 2013-06-16. Retrieved 2013-10-04.
^ "Keepers of Prometheus: The World's Oldest Tree". UANews. Retrieved 2013-10-04. | http://www.let.rug.nl/~gosse/termpedia2/termpedia.php?language=dutch_general&density=7&link_color=000000&termpedia_system=perl_db&url=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FForest_inventory |
The Matrix, Revisited: 50% of a great trilogy
“What is the Matrix?” was the question for 1999 movie fans on the verge of experiencing one of the more influential sci-fi films of the era. That question still applies in respect to its legacy over a decade after the end of the trilogy. Is it still the highly regarded mix of spectacular special effects, effective fast-paced action sequences, and fun philosophical questions that it was at one point?
By now, the strong critical and fan reception of the original movie is marred somewhat in retrospect by the latter two films of the trilogy, and by some of the more recent high-profile failures of the Wachowskis. The original Matrix seemed to make promises that the writing in Matrix: Reloaded and Matrix: Revolutions was unable to deliver on. Was all the praise and interest in the philosophical and spiritual messages of the first movie the undeserved result of the relative scarcity of great, thoughtful science fiction of the era? Will the Matrix movies be regarded alongside other landmark cinematic sci-fi franchises like Aliens, Star Trek, Star Wars, Back to the Future, and Critters? I propose that the Matrix trilogy is 50% of a great trilogy, by which I mean the greatness rests in the first one and half of Reloaded. Matrix: Revolutions contains 0% greatness, 40% stupidity, and 60% boredom.
What’s fascinating in what resonates and makes a lasting impact in the films is those elements that don’t. By which I mean that the hero at its heart, Keanu Reeves, is mostly bland and forgettable. The same goes for the romance that involves him and Trinity, a romance that leaves little effect on the viewer. For the most part, these are not movies with characters at the heart. Few of the human characters introduced in the two sequels, the Zion residents, are particularly memorable. Other than Morpheus (and Cypher from the first movie), I would say that many of the most memorable characters are programs, which includes Agent Smith, the Oracle, and the Merovingian.
As I wrote earlier, the 2003 sequels really failed to deliver on the ideas and themes put in place by the first film, and that’s had an impact on the legacy of this trilogy. The first movie had something philosophical at its core to say, about perception, illusion, control, etc., whereas Reloaded and Revolutions had less to say. Reloaded turned its philosophical focus to choice and causality, but it often seemed to do so in ways that were less organic to the plot or scenes, as characters would just stop to deliver speeches on a specific point or idea that the writers wanted expressed. At various times in Reloaded this occurs with the Merovingian, the Architect, and the Oracle. It’s almost like [shudder] the expository dialogue in some of the Star Wars prequels about politics, or the Jedi council scenes. Finally, Revolutions dispenses with much of the philosophical in favor of long stretches of numbing battle scenes. There’s some talk of balance and harmony, kittens and rainbows, but it’s pretty empty by that point.
1999’s The Matrix features several stunning moments of imagery that really deserve to be seen on a big screen and don’t feel superfluous or out of place. By contrast, these are less and less frequent by the sequels. The first movie has the fields where the humans are “grown” before being placed into the Matrix, several early scenes where Neo is introduced to various concepts in the Matrix, the “bullet time” fight sequences, and Neo jumping into Agent Smith’s body and forcing his way out. To be sure, Reloaded has some impressive effects and sequences, like the highway chase, Albino twin ghost stuff, and a football team worth of Smiths fighting Neo, but by this point, the novelty has worn off, and the impact on the audience isn’t the same.
One of the biggest criticisms that the last movie gets is the ending, and therefore the trilogy itself must face this criticism. The first movie repeatedly referenced the idea of liberation, and described the relationship between the machines (and their agents within the Matrix) and the humans as one of domination and exploitation. The Matrix was a system of control that kept the humans within it subjugated. Yet, by the time of Revolutions, the promise of liberation and overthrow of that system is pushed aside in favor of the idea of truce, that peaceful relations between the humans and the machines would be established both within and alongside the Matrix, with that system and virtual environment kept intact. I find it humorous that this resolution somewhat validates Cypher’s perspective from the first movie. Cypher is weary of the struggle for freedom and liberation, and comes to see the outcome of his personal “liberation” as a Pyrrhic victory that cost him the more simple and materialistic pleasures of the Matrix. He argues that the difference between illusion and reality isn’t that important if the illusion is so much more enjoyable. And it’s hard to argue that the contrast isn’t jarring when you see him enjoying fine dining versus the more spartan lifestyle the rebels had on the ship. It’s even more worthy of reconsideration in the sequels, when the audience sees the way that the free residents of Zion live. Existence within the Matrix simulation seems preferable in most quantifiable ways. Of course, from a dramatic perspective, Cypher’s outlook isn’t meant to be embraced, as he plays the role of traitor, betraying his allies, but his actions are separate issues from his argument.
The Matrix was one of several films to come out around the late ‘90s that focused on the issue of technological illusion and virtual reality. Other movies to grapple with these themes or issues were Existenz, Dark City, and The Thirteenth Floor. And of course science fiction on screen and in print has long grappled with the issue of reality, illusion, and the ethics and considerations of navigating between them. Sometimes these same shows and stories have been fairly sympathetic to the “illusion” side. Star Trek showed how enticing the Holodeck could be, and to me there seems to be a lot of similarities between the Holodeck and the Matrix, especially if you look at it from the perspective of holo-characters like Vic Fontaine or Moriarty, rather than the visiting guests who aren’t trapped within the illusion. In the Star Trek TOS episode “The Menagerie”, a severely crippled Christopher Pike makes the decision to embrace a pleasing fantasy rather than continue with the harsh limitations of his condition. And then there’s the season six Buffy the Vampire Slayer episode “Normal Again” which teases the audience with its ending that suggests that the main character chooses her private fantasy as a superhero rather than face the possibility that she’s suffering from a delusion.
I wanted to look at the Matrix trilogy within the context of other cinematic sci-fi and well-known sci-fi trilogies as well. Did The Matrix, with its engagement of ideas that were very relevant to its time, come along at just the right moment in movie sci-fi to make the impact that it did? Phantom Menace was supposed to be the big sci-fi movie of 1999, but The Matrix stole its thunder with a better reception for both the movie itself and its effects. Was the less impressive reaction to its sequels a result of changes in the sci-fi/fantasy cinematic landscape? Between 1999 and 2003, the Lord of the Rings movies were being released and making their impact, and the success of the first two X-Men movies, as well as 2002’s Spider-Man were showing that comic book movies had arrived. On the other hand, Reloaded had a huge opening and was still a big financial success, so the audience interest was still there.
I think that turning a hugely successful movie into sequels or a trilogy is often a matter of what path to take: repetition or expansion. The sequels can be a retread of what came before, giving the audience more of what they want. Or the writing can try to expand the fictional setting of the first movie, opening up new avenues for storytelling. The Matrix trilogy chose to expand the setting for the sequels, and thus set up the possibility of a letdown. The writing with the latter two movies developed further ideas about the nature of the Matrix construct, its design and origin, and the sentient machines or programs within it. The role and motivations of Agent Smith were changed as well. While still leaving him the villain of the movies with the dry wit, he acted more on his own and for his own purposes, having been, as he put it, “set free.” And of course the meaning of the prophecy and “the One” was expanded, or rather, by the end of both the second and third movies, changed mostly beyond recognition. Whatever the letdown of the trilogy’s conclusion and its unrealized ambitions, it’s still a noteworthy entry into the collection of original science fiction trilogies. | https://www.agonybooth.com/the-matrix-revisited-50-of-a-great-trilogy-29432 |
Literacy is a continuum of skills that begins with an ability to develop auditory processing skills as a foundational building block which then streams to phonological awareness (or phonemic awareness) skills. Despite the many differing and often controversial views of teaching reading, phonemic awareness is based on a bottom-up rationale to building on literacy skills.
Phonemic awareness stems from the smallest unit of sound (called a phoneme) and is based on the fact that sounds also have meaning (known as ‘morphology’). A phoneme is an individual sound such as /s/ or /f/ or /a/. Morphology refers to a small meaningful unit of sound that gives meaning or changes meaning in a word.
Lets take the example of /s/ added to the end of a word, which can have several meanings:
- Singular/plural: one cat vs 3 cats
- Possession: The cat’s milk.
- Third Person Singular Verb Tense: The cat climbs.
Phonemic Awareness Skills Include: | https://www.hearsay.ca/phonemic-awareness/ |
Art in Action
Students investigated Still Life and Vanitas though both Contemporary and Historical practise. They planned their own still life arrangements to photograph which in turn helped inform the compositions for their paintings. Considering the formal qualities in both their own work and that of a researched artist they responded, applying techniques, manipulation of materials and processes.
Students investigated artists Ah Xian and Frida Kahlo to explore the idea of self-portrait. The inquiry question: How do artists create a meaningful sculpture using symbols which represent ‘Self’? helped inform their planning and design. They explored symbolism, form, texture and balance to create a life-sized clay bust using hand building techniques and processes. | https://www.mbc.qld.edu.au/learn/greeneware_2021/secondary-galleries/year-9 |
(Senator John Sabatina)
Philadelphia Democratic City Committee has voted on the “Magic Seat” nominees who will appear on the November ballot in place of six judges who unaccountably retired at an odd time, and gave party bosses a chance to hand-pick their replacements.
As we explained in a prior piece about this, the judges chose to retire after it was too late to have a regular primary election for their seats, setting off a process where the party organizations get to directly choose the nominees who will appear on the ballot. And because Philly is an 8:1 Democratic city by voter registration, the Democratic nominees are all but assured to win the election.
This week the Democratic ward leaders met and unanimously endorsed the 6 candidates selected by the DCC’s Policy Committee that handles endorsements.
They include:
Common Pleas
Judge Mark Moore
Leanna Litwin
Senator John Sabatina, Jr.
Monica Gibbs
Municipal Court
Christian DiCicco
Fran McCloskey
Senator John Sabatina, Jr. is the big name here, being a state Senator who will now need to be replaced in a special election, where the district's ward leaders — including his father, John Sabatina, Sr. — will also directly choose the nominee. Other notable choices are Monica Gibbs, assistant general counsel at the Delaware River Port Authority and spouse of Darrell Clarke-affiliated election lawyer Charles Gibbs, and Christian DiCicco, son of ZBA Chair and former 1st District Councilmember Frank DiCicco. Judge Mark Moore is currently serving an appointment that will expire in January, and he’ll now get to serve a full term.
One of the more under-discussed problems on display in this episode is how Democratic City Committee is not really accountable in any meaningful way to the elected committee people from whom they derive their power.
As of one day before the vote, most ward leaders and committee people still did not know the names of the nominees who would be put up for a vote, so there was not any time for committee people to deliberate and make a decision about who their ward leader should support, let alone any kind of open process where interested individuals could campaign for the nomination.
Committee people are the party representatives directly elected by the voters—not ward leaders—though a ward leader is often a committee person who’s been elected in one precinct. Ward leaders are chosen by the elected committee people to represent them at City Committee, but it’s awfully hard to accurately represent the ward committee’s wishes when the committee doesn’t know who or what is being voted on.
The point is that the way Democratic City Committee is organized today, there are too many breaks in the chain of accountability, with the top party leadership fully insulated from the elected committee members and ultimately the voters. Ward leaders are too insulated from the voters. Party leaders, who are chosen by the ward leaders, are too insulated from the committee people. In the collar counties, the elected committee people get a direct vote on the Party Chair and other leadership offices, and there’s no reason it should work any differently in Philadelphia.
The practical political impact of the broken chain of accountability is to generate cynicism about the city’s Democratic Party institutions and their endorsements, reduce participation in party institutions, and depress needed party-building activity that state Democrats really need to power some tough statewide races in 2022 for Governor and Senate.
People interested in working to change this dynamic, however, need to get more involved, not less, and one small way to make a difference is to run for committee person seat in the 2022 primary next May.
Learn about the ward system on our FAQ page, and then sign up to get involved in running for a seat, and get connected to efforts happening in your area. | https://www.phila3-0.org/_magic_seat_judges_and_the_broken_chain_of_party_accountability |
Human intelligence, even in its most basic forms, is expressed in our language, and is also partly dependent on our linguistic capacity. Homer, Darwin and Einstein could obviously not have achieved what they did without language—but neither could a child in kindergarten. And this raises an important question about animal intelligence. Although we don’t expect a chimpanzee to write an epic or a dolphin to develop a scientific theory, it has frequently been asked whether these or other animals are close in intelligence to young children. If so, we must wonder whether animals can acquire a language.
In the last half century, much effort has been put trying answer that question by teaching animals, primarily apes, a basic language. There have been some limited successes, with animals using signs to obtain things in which they were interested, for instance. But no animal has yet acquired the linguistic capability that children have already in their third year of life.
“Why?”
This is a question children start asking by the age of three at the latest. No animal has yet asked anything. “Why?” is a very important question: it shows that those asking it are aware they don’t know something they wish to know. Understanding the why-question is also necessary for the ability to justify our actions and thoughts. The fact that animals don’t ask “why?” shows they don’t aspire to knowledge and are incapable of justification.
“No!”
Children start saying no before they are two years old. No animal has yet said no. In order to master basic logic, one must understand negation. The inability of animals to use negation shows they lack basic logical abilities.
If a person knows that either A or B, and later learns that A isn’t the case, he’ll infer that B holds. This is called a disjunctive syllogism or inference. Are animals capable of such an inference? In 2001 Watson, Gergely et al. published the results of the following study, conducted on dogs and on four- to six-year-old children (Journal of Comparative Psychology. The dogs and children were first shown a desirable object in a container; next, a person holding the container passed behind three screens; and then the container was shown to be empty. The dogs and children were then allowed to search for the object behind the screens.
While children tended to increase their speed of checking behind the third screen after failing to find the object behind the first two, dogs tended to significantly decrease their speed of checking behind the third screen after thus failing. We know that children of this age are capable of a disjunctive inference, and this explains their search pattern. The contrasting dogs’ search pattern is explained if the dogs did not think logically but were motivated by mere association, and then each failure to find the object amounted to an extinction trial for the association. ‘There is as yet no compelling evidence for successful logical reasoning using the disjunctive syllogism in nonhuman animals’ (Mody & Carey, Cognition 2016).
Another essential characteristic of our language is its normativity—namely, the fact that there are right and wrong uses of a word or phrase. We understand, for instance, that we used a certain word wrongly, or that we don’t yet know how to use it. Animals’ use of language does not have this aspect. An animal might use a sign the way we intended it to be used, or it might not yet use the sign that way. But the animal itself cannot understand that it doesn’t know how to use the sign or that it has used it incorrectly. Understanding the idea of a mistake or of normativity depends on the ability to understand that something is not right, and since animals cannot understand negation they cannot understand normativity.
Since normativity is essential to our language, animals don’t have a language in the sense we do. Animals produce sounds that express their emotions, and some can use signs in a Pavlovian way, as a result of an association between previous uses and succeeding events. But without “Why?” and “No!” there’s nothing resembling human language.
And the distinctions don’t stop there. To ascribe a mistake to another is to ascribe him a belief which is not true. Accordingly, the inability to understand negation makes animals incapable of understanding that someone has a false belief. Indeed, a study recently published in Science claimed apes can ascribe a mistake to others. But empirical issues, as well as faulty analysis of the findings (see my response in Science) make the study’s conclusions unsupported.
Some emotions also depend on the understanding of negation, possibility, and other logical concepts. For instance, you hope that something will happen if you want it to happen but understand that it might not happen. And since animals cannot understand the notions of negation or of possibility, they cannot hope. Your dog expects you to take it out for a walk when you take the leash off the hook, and that is why it gets excited. But when you take a nap it cannot hope that you will take it out once you get up.
Ethics involves normative concepts, of what is right, just or fair to do, and of their contraries. And since animals do not understand such concepts, they are incapable of anything like human moral behaviour or related feelings. For instance, if Alice clearly gave Bob more than she did Charlie, although it was equally clear that Bob did not deserve more, Charlie will get upset: it’s not fair! Such moral emotions, the result of injustice or lack of equity, are beyond the purview of animals.
Several studies have been conducted in order to show that animals do have such emotions, the best known probably being that of Frans de Waal and his colleagues with capuchin monkeys. One monkey gets furious when it continues to receive cucumbers after it sees the other monkey receiving grapes for the same task. However, the monkey gets upset not because it thinks it was treated unjustly, but because it expects grapes and receives cucumbers. The monkey doesn’t initially get upset when it sees the other receiving a grape after it received a cucumber; Charlie, by contrast, will remonstrate when he sees Alice giving Bob more than she earlier gave him. Rather, the monkey gets upset only later, when it doesn’t receive what it expects. It cries in frustration, not with moral indignation.
We shouldn’t immediately interpret behaviour that with us would be the result of a specific feeling or belief as resulting, in similar circumstances, from the same feeling or belief in animals. We should rather first examine the animals in other circumstances as well, to determine the limits of their capacities.
Animals can suffer, enjoy, be angry, surprised or afraid. Some are also sad when they lose their young. These and similar feelings bring us to love them, pity them and try to prevent them from suffering. But their resemblance to humans stops there. Human beings, as Aristotle observed and Descartes reiterated, are animals with a language. And language here is also logos, that is, logic or rationality. And experience teaches us that these are absent from the rest of the animal kingdom. | https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/can-animals-acquire-language/ |
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‘Barrie has truly lost a titan’: former MP, MPP Aileen Carroll remembered
She served as Barrie-Simcoe-Bradford MP from 1997 to 2006, then was elected MPP for Barrie from 2007 to 2011. Prior to that, she also served on Barrie city council.
"She was one of the rare people in the history of Canada who served in cabinet both federally and provincially," friend and former MPP Bruce Owen said. "One thing that would strike you when you got to know her is she was always genuinely caring toward whomever she met."
Despite her political schedule, she always found a way to be doing things with her family and children, Owen said.
"She was a formidable lady, who sparkled when she entered a room."
Longtime colleague and friend, Lynda Murtha, remembers Aileen as being well respected in Barrie.
“She had a great impact in Barrie with a list of accomplishments, lots of infrastructure money and we were always at a ribbon cutting,” Murtha said. “The qualities in Aileen I respected is that she was a very fair, reasonable person with a lot of integrity. She was true to herself and she worked hard for the people.”
No matter your political leanings, Aileen earned respect from many Barrie area residents, she said.
“They respected how hard she worked. She had a huge circle of friends."
Even after Carroll retired from political life, she and Murtha remained friends.
She said Carroll continued to quietly volunteer and contribute to the community.
When she wasn’t devoting time to public service, Carroll doted on her family., Murtha said.
“Her family meant everything to her.”
And knowing they can’t gather to celebrate the loss right now is tough. Her family has announced a memorial will be held later to honour Aileen’s memory.
Following the news of her death, several political leaders expressed condolences to her family.
“Aileen accomplished many firsts — the first federal cabinet minister from Barrie and serving at all three levels of government including both provincial and federal cabinet,” Barrie Mayor Jeff Lehman wrote. “She began her political career on Barrie city council in the mid-1990s and was a huge part of the effort to build the new downtown library.
"I worked with her closely for years and always admired her integrity, thoughtfulness, and Maritime sense of community. Aileen was a fiery and very funny person and an inspiration to many. We’ve lost one of our most prominent citizens.”
“I first met Aileen when I was a young Conservative and she a Liberal cabinet minister,” Barrie-Innisfil MPP Andrea Khanjin said, adding it wasn’t until recently she got to know Aileen and her husband, Kevin Carroll, through the Grey and Simcoe Foresters.
“(Their) commitment to service as active members of the community had a tremendous impact on a countless number of people, myself included.”
Ontario Liberal Leader Steven Del Duca took to social media to remember her.
“She was a dear friend and a tremendous force for Liberalism in Ontario and Canada who mentored countless Liberals. Her impact will be felt for generations,” Del Duca wrote. “Barrie has truly lost a titan.”
Former premier Kathleen Wynne also paid tribute to Carroll April 20.
“Aileen Carroll was a feisty, funny, smart woman,” Wynne wrote. “It was a pleasure to work with her in the McGuinty cabinet. My heart goes out to her family and friends.”
Aileen Carroll served the people of Barrie, Ontarians, and all Canadians with dedication and compassion. Her impact extends right across the country and her legacy will live on. My thoughts are with her family, friends, and all her colleagues who are mourning her passing.
I was extremely saddened today to inform the House of the passing of former Barrie City councillor, MP, MPP and Cabinet Minister Aileen Carroll. My thoughts go out to the Carroll family, and I know she will be greatly missed by all who knew her. pic.twitter.com/PD0tXf5kEg
My heart is with the family of Aileen Carroll today. She was a dear friend and a tremendous force for Liberalism in Ontario and Canada who mentored countless Liberals. Her impact will be felt for generations. Barrie has truly lost a titan today.
We mourn the passing of Hon. Aileen Carroll and thank her for many years of incredible advocacy for healthcare at RVH. Whether it was the Prime Minister, Premier or Health Minister, she ensured they saw first-hand the work #TEAMRVH was doing. Her commitment will not be forgotten. pic.twitter.com/cU88N4e4pp
We were sad to learn about the recent passing of Hon. Aileen Carroll and our thoughts are with her family. She was a dedicated advocate for Georgian and passionate about the success of our students. Her years of commitment toward the power of education will always be remembered. pic.twitter.com/ehyf9lbCQa
I was saddened to hear of the passing of Aileen Carroll, former Barrie City Councillor, MPP, and MP. Her compassion, charity, and dedication to public service remains an inspiration to many. Her love for her community and country will long be remembered. My deepest condolences.
‘Barrie has truly lost a titan’: former MP, MPP Aileen Carroll remembered
She served as Barrie-Simcoe-Bradford MP from 1997 to 2006, then was elected MPP for Barrie from 2007 to 2011. Prior to that, she also served on Barrie city council.
"She was one of the rare people in the history of Canada who served in cabinet both federally and provincially," friend and former MPP Bruce Owen said. "One thing that would strike you when you got to know her is she was always genuinely caring toward whomever she met."
Related Content
Despite her political schedule, she always found a way to be doing things with her family and children, Owen said.
"She was a formidable lady, who sparkled when she entered a room."
Longtime colleague and friend, Lynda Murtha, remembers Aileen as being well respected in Barrie.
“She had a great impact in Barrie with a list of accomplishments, lots of infrastructure money and we were always at a ribbon cutting,” Murtha said. “The qualities in Aileen I respected is that she was a very fair, reasonable person with a lot of integrity. She was true to herself and she worked hard for the people.”
No matter your political leanings, Aileen earned respect from many Barrie area residents, she said.
“They respected how hard she worked. She had a huge circle of friends."
Even after Carroll retired from political life, she and Murtha remained friends.
She said Carroll continued to quietly volunteer and contribute to the community.
When she wasn’t devoting time to public service, Carroll doted on her family., Murtha said.
“Her family meant everything to her.”
And knowing they can’t gather to celebrate the loss right now is tough. Her family has announced a memorial will be held later to honour Aileen’s memory.
Following the news of her death, several political leaders expressed condolences to her family.
“Aileen accomplished many firsts — the first federal cabinet minister from Barrie and serving at all three levels of government including both provincial and federal cabinet,” Barrie Mayor Jeff Lehman wrote. “She began her political career on Barrie city council in the mid-1990s and was a huge part of the effort to build the new downtown library.
"I worked with her closely for years and always admired her integrity, thoughtfulness, and Maritime sense of community. Aileen was a fiery and very funny person and an inspiration to many. We’ve lost one of our most prominent citizens.”
“I first met Aileen when I was a young Conservative and she a Liberal cabinet minister,” Barrie-Innisfil MPP Andrea Khanjin said, adding it wasn’t until recently she got to know Aileen and her husband, Kevin Carroll, through the Grey and Simcoe Foresters.
“(Their) commitment to service as active members of the community had a tremendous impact on a countless number of people, myself included.”
Ontario Liberal Leader Steven Del Duca took to social media to remember her.
“She was a dear friend and a tremendous force for Liberalism in Ontario and Canada who mentored countless Liberals. Her impact will be felt for generations,” Del Duca wrote. “Barrie has truly lost a titan.”
Former premier Kathleen Wynne also paid tribute to Carroll April 20.
“Aileen Carroll was a feisty, funny, smart woman,” Wynne wrote. “It was a pleasure to work with her in the McGuinty cabinet. My heart goes out to her family and friends.”
Aileen Carroll served the people of Barrie, Ontarians, and all Canadians with dedication and compassion. Her impact extends right across the country and her legacy will live on. My thoughts are with her family, friends, and all her colleagues who are mourning her passing.
I was extremely saddened today to inform the House of the passing of former Barrie City councillor, MP, MPP and Cabinet Minister Aileen Carroll. My thoughts go out to the Carroll family, and I know she will be greatly missed by all who knew her. pic.twitter.com/PD0tXf5kEg
My heart is with the family of Aileen Carroll today. She was a dear friend and a tremendous force for Liberalism in Ontario and Canada who mentored countless Liberals. Her impact will be felt for generations. Barrie has truly lost a titan today.
We mourn the passing of Hon. Aileen Carroll and thank her for many years of incredible advocacy for healthcare at RVH. Whether it was the Prime Minister, Premier or Health Minister, she ensured they saw first-hand the work #TEAMRVH was doing. Her commitment will not be forgotten. pic.twitter.com/cU88N4e4pp
We were sad to learn about the recent passing of Hon. Aileen Carroll and our thoughts are with her family. She was a dedicated advocate for Georgian and passionate about the success of our students. Her years of commitment toward the power of education will always be remembered. pic.twitter.com/ehyf9lbCQa
I was saddened to hear of the passing of Aileen Carroll, former Barrie City Councillor, MPP, and MP. Her compassion, charity, and dedication to public service remains an inspiration to many. Her love for her community and country will long be remembered. My deepest condolences.
‘Barrie has truly lost a titan’: former MP, MPP Aileen Carroll remembered
She served as Barrie-Simcoe-Bradford MP from 1997 to 2006, then was elected MPP for Barrie from 2007 to 2011. Prior to that, she also served on Barrie city council.
"She was one of the rare people in the history of Canada who served in cabinet both federally and provincially," friend and former MPP Bruce Owen said. "One thing that would strike you when you got to know her is she was always genuinely caring toward whomever she met."
Related Content
Despite her political schedule, she always found a way to be doing things with her family and children, Owen said.
"She was a formidable lady, who sparkled when she entered a room."
Longtime colleague and friend, Lynda Murtha, remembers Aileen as being well respected in Barrie.
“She had a great impact in Barrie with a list of accomplishments, lots of infrastructure money and we were always at a ribbon cutting,” Murtha said. “The qualities in Aileen I respected is that she was a very fair, reasonable person with a lot of integrity. She was true to herself and she worked hard for the people.”
No matter your political leanings, Aileen earned respect from many Barrie area residents, she said.
“They respected how hard she worked. She had a huge circle of friends."
Even after Carroll retired from political life, she and Murtha remained friends.
She said Carroll continued to quietly volunteer and contribute to the community.
When she wasn’t devoting time to public service, Carroll doted on her family., Murtha said.
“Her family meant everything to her.”
And knowing they can’t gather to celebrate the loss right now is tough. Her family has announced a memorial will be held later to honour Aileen’s memory.
Following the news of her death, several political leaders expressed condolences to her family.
“Aileen accomplished many firsts — the first federal cabinet minister from Barrie and serving at all three levels of government including both provincial and federal cabinet,” Barrie Mayor Jeff Lehman wrote. “She began her political career on Barrie city council in the mid-1990s and was a huge part of the effort to build the new downtown library.
"I worked with her closely for years and always admired her integrity, thoughtfulness, and Maritime sense of community. Aileen was a fiery and very funny person and an inspiration to many. We’ve lost one of our most prominent citizens.”
“I first met Aileen when I was a young Conservative and she a Liberal cabinet minister,” Barrie-Innisfil MPP Andrea Khanjin said, adding it wasn’t until recently she got to know Aileen and her husband, Kevin Carroll, through the Grey and Simcoe Foresters.
“(Their) commitment to service as active members of the community had a tremendous impact on a countless number of people, myself included.”
Ontario Liberal Leader Steven Del Duca took to social media to remember her.
“She was a dear friend and a tremendous force for Liberalism in Ontario and Canada who mentored countless Liberals. Her impact will be felt for generations,” Del Duca wrote. “Barrie has truly lost a titan.”
Former premier Kathleen Wynne also paid tribute to Carroll April 20.
“Aileen Carroll was a feisty, funny, smart woman,” Wynne wrote. “It was a pleasure to work with her in the McGuinty cabinet. My heart goes out to her family and friends.”
Aileen Carroll served the people of Barrie, Ontarians, and all Canadians with dedication and compassion. Her impact extends right across the country and her legacy will live on. My thoughts are with her family, friends, and all her colleagues who are mourning her passing.
I was extremely saddened today to inform the House of the passing of former Barrie City councillor, MP, MPP and Cabinet Minister Aileen Carroll. My thoughts go out to the Carroll family, and I know she will be greatly missed by all who knew her. pic.twitter.com/PD0tXf5kEg
My heart is with the family of Aileen Carroll today. She was a dear friend and a tremendous force for Liberalism in Ontario and Canada who mentored countless Liberals. Her impact will be felt for generations. Barrie has truly lost a titan today.
We mourn the passing of Hon. Aileen Carroll and thank her for many years of incredible advocacy for healthcare at RVH. Whether it was the Prime Minister, Premier or Health Minister, she ensured they saw first-hand the work #TEAMRVH was doing. Her commitment will not be forgotten. pic.twitter.com/cU88N4e4pp
We were sad to learn about the recent passing of Hon. Aileen Carroll and our thoughts are with her family. She was a dedicated advocate for Georgian and passionate about the success of our students. Her years of commitment toward the power of education will always be remembered. pic.twitter.com/ehyf9lbCQa
I was saddened to hear of the passing of Aileen Carroll, former Barrie City Councillor, MPP, and MP. Her compassion, charity, and dedication to public service remains an inspiration to many. Her love for her community and country will long be remembered. My deepest condolences. | |
Beth Newingham shares ideas for a more productive independent reading time.
Reading workshop is a staple in my daily routine. During this time, students are reading self-selected books independently. They have chosen the books from my classroom library and have already made sure the book is at their "just right" level based on its color code. While students are reading their books, I am conferring with individuals, conducting guided reading groups or strategy lessons, facilitating book clubs, etc. For this reason, it is important that I have clear routines and procedures in place to keep my independent readers on task and truly engaged in their reading. Below are some management ideas that help make this possible in my classroom.
At the beginning of the year, we determine rules about independent reading time in our classroom. One rule is that you must find "your own" place to read and not distract other readers. For some students, this is hard. They would rather sit together with their friends and pass the time. For this reason, I have a book nook rotation schedule that is switched every day so that every student has a certain place he or she should be reading. I also have pillows, bean bags, and dish chairs that are popular among my readers. These items are included on my book nook rotation schedule so that no time is wasted after the mini-lesson arguing over who gets the pillows when we are transitioning to independent reading time.
Each reader has his or her own book box. (You can also use gallon-size bags for this purpose.) Readers are asked to keep enough books in their box to last them for at least a week of independent reading time. Without Book Boxes, my students would spend more time browsing the classroom library than they would engaged in text. You can either have designated "shopping days" where four to five readers are allowed to switch out the books for new books in their book boxes, or you can just have readers visit the library when necessary. I always make sure that readers visit the library in the morning (if necessary) rather than during the independent reading block of our reading workshop. Selecting books should not take away from important time spent engaged in text. The book boxes are kept on a special bookshelf in the classroom library.
Students need to be reading at their "just right" level during the independent reading block of reading workshop, so they need to be able to locate appropriate books without spending hours browsing the library. This means it is important to level at least part of your library. As students develop strong interests in literature, it is also important that your classroom library is organized in a way that they can easily find their favorite series books, favorite genres, and specific topics without having to search for extended periods of time. When I feel a child is ready to move to a new level (or when a child feels that he or she is ready to move up to a new level), the student completes what I call a "trial read." The student reads a chapter book at the new level and fills out a Trial Book form. When he or she finishes the book, I then meet with that child to discuss the book and assess his or her comprehension of the text.
Students must record ALL books they read throughout the year in their Reader's Notebook. They visit this log often to reflect on their own reading habits, create genre graphs, set monthly reading goals, and help them assess their reading progress.
Unfortunately, I cannot be watching every reader during the workshop. I am often busy conferring with individuals or meeting with small groups. For this reason, my students complete a quick checklist that helps them monitor their reading behavior each day. The checklist only takes about 2 minutes at the end of independent reading every day. This checklist adds an accountability factor to the workshop and serves as a constant reminder of expected reading behavior. I look at my students’ checklists often and use them as points of discussion for some of my readers during the time we confer.
While my main form of assessment is done when conferring with readers or meeting in small groups, I also want to hold students accountable for authentic reading when they are not working directly with me. As students read their books, they are asked to use post-it notes to record the thinking that they are doing as they read. After they get done with a book, they remove the post-it notes and organize them onto paper. I give students page protectors to cover the sheets so that the post-it notes do not fall off. I like to look at these pages to assess students’ level of thinking, and I often refer to the post-it notes when conferring with readers.
Once reading workshop begins, I really try to tolerate very few interruptions. Since reading workshop always occurs immediately after our morning work, I tell students that they need to go to the bathroom before we start. (Of course in emergency situations students must be allowed to go to the bathroom, but emphasizing the need to go before instruction begins leads to far fewer students leaving the classroom during this time.) Students must always check the book nook schedule in the morning so that they know exactly where they will be reading each day. Students must also have their book boxes ready before independent reading time starts so that there are not groups of students browsing the classroom library during the time that they should be engaged in their texts. Of course things do not run smoothly every day, but I have found that careful management in my reading workshop is the most important factor in its success. | https://www.scholastic.com/teachers/articles/teaching-content/classroom-management-reading-workshop/ |
- Project Offer-Number:
- 386
- Category:
- UROP Abroad
- Field:
- Chemical Engineering
- Faculty:
- 3
- Organisation unit:
- The University of Arizona
- Language Skills:
- English
MoveOn
Worldwide surveys of natural waters that receive discharge from wastewater treatment plants have shown the presence of pervasive trace organic contaminants that are not removed by current treatment technologies. These contaminants are a source of concern since in some cases they have caused measurable heath effects in fish and it is not known if long-term exposure will lead to health effects in humans. Our research group is working on the use of hydrogen peroxide photolysis and ozonation as alternative technologies for the removal of trace organics from wastewater treatment plant effluent. This project will use experimental data gathered by our group to optimize the design of advanced oxidation processes. The specific aim of the project is to use current theoretical models to scale up the application of these technologies to well-characterized effluents. It is expected that the procedure developed will be useful to treatment utilities and design engineers.
Task
The student will be integrated into a research group consisting of three faculty members and several graduate and undergraduate students. Experiments in advanced oxidation processes will be performed in set ups ranging from laboratory scale to a pilot plant that will be installed in a wastewater treatment facility in Southern Arizona. Specific tasks include: 1. Familiarization with the processes at various scales, including participation in experiments and data analysis. 2. Development of a simulation strategy for the optimization of ozonation processes, and implementation of an optimization algorithm that has been developed for hydrogen peroxide photolysis.
Requirements
Basic chemistry laboratory skills. | https://www.rwth-aachen.de/cms/root/studium/Im-Studium/Angebote-fuer-Studierende/UROP/UROP-Projekt-Datenbank/~shmw/Details/?file=386&lidx=1 |
Quantum biology course videos
Here are the links to my online quantum biology course. Unlisted videos on YouTube. Feedback for improvements would be helpful. Thanks.
Quantum technologies ltd quantum biology course lesson 1
Quantum technologies ltd quantum biology course lesson 1
Breaking the standard model
In lesson 2 I talk about the Bose Einstein Condensate and how this weird form of light, the liquid form of helium, in a quantum super fluid, given it's properties and geometry provides the only element of the periodic Table that could be present near absolute zero, where the electrons are at 0.00004 nm distance apart provides a KJ/mol binding energy to produce 10 x the speed of light and responsible for the inflation stage of the universe. By starting again after introducing positrons back into the standard model of physics provides the starting point for some interesting calculations that reveal God. He the Father, the liquid waters of the universe and the generation of dark matter, dark energy and matter, the right hand rule of electromagnetism and the speed of light calculations. Further reading to include: https://www.ohbeehave.co.nz/pages/susy-inversion-unified-field-theory https://www.ohbeehave.co.nz/pages/speed-of-light-calculations https://www.ohbeehave.co.nz/pages/cosmic-energy-background-calculations
Quantum technologies ltd quantum biology course lesson 3
In this video I provide a understanding of how to look at Einstein's most famous equation in three ways in order to see the structural features of geometry of a circle and a cross and a singularity within that geometry and the inverse square laws of gravity and charge interactions. Looking into the relationship between electrons and positrons as photons of light in the inverted symmetry relationship of the cross based geometry and how to understand how light can have no mass and no charge. Why is this important? The role of light or biophotons in biology is not understood so developing a scientific framework for light provides a way to understand how light works within atoms and in biology. The physics of light in biology is one of the fundamental aspects of quantum biology that needs to be resolved. Providing this framework means you can look into the light from the perspective of the light in atoms based on geometry and see the inverted symmetry through the zero point and determine from the ground up how biology forms structures using light trapped in atoms.
Quantum technologies ltd quantum biology course lesson 4
In lesson 4, I talk about the relationship between a circle and Einstein's E= mc^2. I also discuss the concept of Planck length and using inverse square law to position electrons within the atoms orbital structures. Also, considering the lens like properties of the atomic center of the atom and how it acts like a sun or point light source and how each electron within the atom is also held in its position by photons of light. This spider web like electron arrangement in atoms can be seen using concepts of the inverse square law and point light source. Then, I use the idea of light within atoms and the photo-electric effect where the positron and electron pairs are mirrored through the center of the atom "The nucleus" Like a pin hole camera the nucleus flips upside down the light so that it is opposite on one side of the atom to the otherside of the atom. The balance of opposites. So the model of atoms has both positrons and electrons and not just electrons as outlined in the Bohr model of the atom. This different perspective provides the context of a cross based geometry within atoms. I talk about S orbitals and p orbitals and how the electrons / positrons within the S orbital can be used to identify the position of the P orbitals. This can also be done with the D and F orbitals. Have a go if you want to. Lots of information on the geometry of stability based on inverted symmetry which is the SUSY inversion model to understand geometry of atoms and how to look at Einsteins geometry in atoms.
Lesson 5 quantum biology Dr Johnson
Lesson 5 quantum biology Dr Johnson
Here I discuss the concepts of inverse square law within the atom structure and how to identify the position of electrons in single atoms when not measured to disturb them. Understanding how this applies to neurotransmitter function and the aromatic ring and its unique environment to create a connection between single atoms within our subconscious minds and how hydrogen in the state of inverted symmetry allows quantum tunneling to create isotopes. Those isotope are atomic clocks with half lives and the release of light from them provides energy, a source of light for transformation and a way for atoms to store light and return their geometry back to a balance state where the number of protons = the number of neutrons and the number of electrons = the number of positrons. This is the key feature of sleep and the light from dreams originates from these radioactive decay process to restore atomic balance in the atoms of the subconscious mind. I explain how this occurs through hydrogen. I also speak about how I view the center of the atomic world and spin from alpha particle emission from the helium bose Einstein condensate.
In lesson 6 I discuss the concept that electrons are Janus particles and the role of looking at things differently to allow you to explore alternative solutions and ideas of how numbers are created through interaction and the role numbers play in relation to symmetry, mirroring and atomic stability. Even versus odd. These are the numbers in squaring to give inverted symmetry. Rotation and looking at things from different perspectives. Get curious to compare alternatives. Do not let failure limit your success for the exploration of ideas. All ideas are worth considering. Let them sit with you. | https://www.ohbeehave.co.nz/pages/quantum-biology-course-videos |
We found that the organization for IP address 79.77.89.87 is TalkTalk in Chelmsford, Essex, United Kingdom.
A more detailed IP address report for 79.77.89.87 is below. At the time you pulled this report, the time zone of 79.77.89.87 is Europe/London, and the current local time of 79.77.89.87 is 20.04.2018 01:38:24. More IP details of 79.77.89.87 are shown below along with a location of the address on a map.
IP Lookup Result for 79.77.89.87
|IP Address:||79.77.89.87|
|Host of this IP:||79-77-89-87.dynamic.dsl.as9105.com|
|Organization:||TalkTalk|
|ISP/Hosting:||TalkTalk|
|Updated:|
|City:||Chelmsford|
|Country:||United Kingdom|
|State:||Essex|
|Postal Code:||CM2|
|Timezone:||Europe/London|
|Local Time:||04/20/2018 01:38 AM|
IP Lookup Result for 79.77.89.87
79.77.89.87 Whois
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